Final Evaluation Report | Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University

Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI-CoRE)
Hokkaido University

Final Evaluation Report

北海道大学

国際連携研究教育局

ソフトマターグローバルステーション

外部評価報告書

July 2021

July 2021
2021 年 7 月

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Final Evaluation Report(brief version in Japanese)
外部評価報告書（日本語・概要版）

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もくじ（日本語版）

はじめに •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 5
外部評価委員 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 7
外部評価委員会実地調査要領••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 8
外部評価調書の概要 ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 93

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はじめに
国際連携研究教育局（GI-CoRE）は、北海道大学の強みや特色を活かした国際連携
研究教育の推進と、部局が独自に進める国際連携研究教育の支援を目的とし、世界トップレベルの教員を国内外及び学内から結集した総長直轄の教員組織です。
GI-CoRE 内には研究領域ごとの活動拠点である「グローバルステーション（GS）」
を置き、各 GS において、原則 5 年間の設置期間内に重点的に研究教育活動を進めています。これまでに、延べ 8 つの GS（下記※を参照）を設置し、研究活動を推進するとともに、最先端の研究成果を大学院教育などに還元してきました。
GI-CoRE では、GS の設置期間満了を迎える年度に、各 GS でのこれまでの活動を振り返るとともに、今後、より強固かつ持続可能な研究教育体制を確立していくため、
国内外の有識者により構成される外部評価委員会において、評価を実施することとしています。
この外部評価報告書は、2020 年 9 月に実施したソフトマターGS（GSS）の自己点検
成果報告書及び外部評価結果を一冊に収録した、いわば GSS の研究教育活動の集大成です。
なお、ソフトマターGS は設置期間満了に伴い、先端生命科学研究院・次世代物質生
命科学研究センターに定着化し、新たに「GI-CoRE 協力拠点」として認定を受けたソ
フトマター国際連携ユニットとして、2021 年 4 月以降も GI-CoRE と連携しながら研究教育活動を継続しています。
本学では、外部評価結果を踏まえ、より充実した研究教育活動を実践していくこと
により、世界の課題解決に貢献していきたいと考えております。

北海道大学 国際連携研究教育局長
寳 金 清 博※これまでに設置したグローバルステーション（GS）
GS 名

設置期間
（年度）

主な学内連携部局等

量子医理工学2014～2019

医学研究院、大学病院ほか

人獣共通感染症

2014～2019

人獣共通感染症国際共同研究所、獣医学研究院

食水土資源

2015～2019

農学研究院ほか

ソフトマター2016～2020

先端生命科学研究院ほか

ビッグデータ・サイバーセキュリティ

2016～2020

情報科学研究院ほか

北極域研究2016～2020

北極域研究センターほか

バイオサーフィス創薬

2019～2023

薬学研究院ほか

先住民・文化的多様性研究

2021～2025

アイヌ・先住民研究センターほか

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国際連携研究教育局 (GI‐CoRE)
ソフトマターグローバルステーション
外部評価委員*東京大学大学院

新領域創成科学研究科

伊藤アメリカ合衆国

ノースウェスタン大学

ケネス・シュル

ハンガリー

センメルヴェイス大学

耕三

教授
教授

ミクローシュ・ズリーニー

名誉教授

*委員長

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国際連携研究教育局 (GI‐CoRE)
ソフトマターグローバルステーション
外部評価委員会実地調査要領

１．調査日程令和 2（2020）年 9 月 1 日（火）２．詳細スケジュール
9 月 1 日（火）日本時間
日本時間

次第

米国中部標準時

中央ヨーロッパ
時間

21:00

開会
外部評価について説明

7：00

14：00

7：10～7：40

14：10～14：40

7：40～8：45

14：40～14：45

7：45～7：50

14：45～14：50（出村教授）

21:10～21:40

21:40～21:45
21:45～21:50

GSS の活動説明（Gong 教授）

GSS の活動説明(Creton 教授)

GSS の活動説明(Rubinstein 教授)

21:50～22：10

質疑応答（参加者）

7：50～8：10

14：50～15：10

22:10～22:30

評価委員ディスカッション

8：10～8：30

15：10～15：30

8：30～8：40

15：30～15：40

22:30～22:40

総括
閉会挨拶（出村教授）

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国際連携研究教育局 (GI‐CoRE)
ソフトマターグローバルステーション
外部評価調書の概要（参考和訳）

総合評価：Ｓ（評価コメント）
GI-CoRE と GSS の活動実績は、全員一致で、国際的な連携研究および教育の両面において、当初計画を超える成果をあげており、卓越していると評価した。
国際連携を含む研究成果は、Nature, Science, Advanced Materials など多くの著名ジャーナルに掲載されている。研究の生産性は、北大ユニット主導の取り組みが大半であったが、我々の期待を上回っている。この生産性の高さのほとんどは、GSS によって培われてきた国際連携研究の本質に直接起因している。そして優れた国際サマースクールは、ソフトマター科
学分野における基礎および最先端のテーマについて、世界的に卓越した研究者から、若手研
究者や学生に、直接、学ぶ機会を与える場となった。これは、当初設定されていた全ての研究・教育目標どおり、もしくはそれを上回る程度に、非常によく運営されている取り組みである。この非常に高い基準は、科学的なホスピタリティにも及んでおり、GSS が主催するワー
クショップの成功にもつながっている。
したがって、国際連携研究・教育を促進する体制と枠組みがうまく確立されていると言える。これらの努力のすべてが集合的に、ソフトマター科学の発展と社会実装に重要な役割を果たしている。生活の質を向上させるための生命科学の急速な発展には、そのような学際的な知識とソフトマター科学における国際連携研究が必要である。GI-CoRE/GSS の将来像としては、今後、生命科学に関する社会の課題解決だけでなく、環境問題の解決にもつながることを、我々は強く確信している。
日本では、国際連携研究と教育とを両立している成功例は稀である。この（GSS の）ように、成功を収めた国際連携研究・教育を今後も持続的に発展させるため、北大及び日本の資金提供機関が強力な支援を継続していくことを、我々は心から望んでいる。

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Final Evaluation Report(original version in English)
外部評価報告書（英語・オリジナル版）

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Contents
Foreword •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15
External Evaluation Committee••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17
Schedule of the External Evaluation Committee •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 21
Results of the Evaluation Committee ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 23
Research Progress Report (2016-2020) ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 41
References ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 187

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Foreword
Hokkaido University established the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and
Education (GI-CoRE) as a faculty organization under the direct control of the President thatbrings together world-class researchers from around the world and within the University. It
aims to promote international collaborative research and education that leverages the
University’s strengths and distinctive features as well as to provide support for international
collaborative research and education promoted by faculties and centers, respectively.
Under the GI-CoRE system, a research and education hub known as a Global Station (GS) is
implemented for each research field. GSs have a finite implementation period of five (5) years
in principle to conduct intensive research and education activities. Thus far, eight (8) GSs in
total (see * below) have been implemented to further develop research activities and contributethe resulting cutting-edge research outcomes to graduate school education.
In the final year of the GI-CoRE project period, a Final Evaluation is conducted by the External
Evaluation Committee composed of global experts outside Hokkaido University for each GS
to not only review GS activities from past years but also build a stronger and more sustainable
research and education system in the future.
This Final Evaluation Report contains the Research Progress Report of GS for Soft Matter(GSS) conducted in September 2020 and the evaluation results. This report is a compilation of
the research and education activities of GSS.
After the implementation period, GSS project was transitioned into Frontier Research Center
for Advanced Material and Life Science, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, and it was certified
as Soft Matter Collaborative Research Unit, one of the “GI-CoRE Cooperating Hubs,” tocontinue research and education activities in cooperation with GI-CoRE after April 2021.
Hokkaido University remains committed to continuing its efforts to contribute to resolving
global issues by conducting advanced research and education activities based on evaluation
results.

Kiyohiro Houkin,
Director,
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE),
Hokkaido University(President, Hokkaido University)

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*The Global Stations (GSs) implemented thus far.
Name of the GS
Quantum Medical Science and

Implementation
2014–2019

Engineering
Zoonosis Control

Main Internal Affiliation）
Period (FY）

FacultyofMedicine,

University

Hospital, and others
2014–2019

International Institute for Zoonosis
Control and Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine

Food, Land and Water Resources

2015–2019

Research Faculty of Agriculture andothersSoft Matter

2016–2020

Faculty of Advanced Life Science andothersBig Data and Cybersecurity

2016–2020

Faculty of Information Science andTechnology and others

Arctic Research

2016–2020

Arctic Research Center and others

Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery

2019–2023

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences andothersIndigenous Studies and Cultural

2021-2025

Diversity

Center for Ainu and Indigenous Studies
and others

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Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
External Evaluation Committee*Professor Kohzo Ito,
Department of Advanced Materials Science /Group of New Materials and Interfaces, Division ofTransdisciplinary Sciences, The University of Tokyo (Japan)
Professor Kenneth R. Shull,
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University (United States ofAmerica)
Professor Miklós Zrínyi,Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University (Hungary)*Chair17

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Attachment

Letter of Acceptance
18/06/ 2020

To Acting Director Kasahara Masanori of the Global Institution for Collaborative
Research and Education (GI-CoRE), the National University Corporation Hokkaido
University.

I hereby accept my appointment to serve as a member of the External Evaluation
Committee for the Global Station for Soft Matter at the Global Institution for
Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido University.

Signature
Professor Kenneth Shull19

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Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI‐CoRE)
Schedule of the External Evaluation Committee

1. Date of Implementation
Tuesday, July 7, 2020

2. Investigation Schedule
Tuesday, July 7, 2020
JST

Session

CST

CET

21:00

Opening
Explanation about External
Evaluation(Prof. Demura)

7:00

14:00

21:10-21:40

Explanation about GSS
Activities(Prof. Gong)

7:10-7:40

14:10-14:40

21:40-21:45

Explanation about GSS
Activities(Prof. Creton)

7:40-8:45

14:40-14:45

21:45-21:50

Explanation about GSS
Activities(Prof. Rubinstein)

7:45-7:50

14:45-14:50

21:50-22:10

Q&A Session

7:50-8:10

14:50-15:10

22:10-22:30

Evaluation Discussion

8:10-8:30

15：10-15：30

22:30-22:40

Summary Report(Prof. Shull)
Closing (Prof. Demura)

8:30-8:40

15:30-15:40

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Results of the Evaluation Committee

Evaluation Committee

Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Hokkaido University
October 202023

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Summary Report
Professor Kohzo Ito, the University of Tokyo (Japan)
Professor Kenneth Shull, Northwestern University (United States)
Professor Emeritus Miklós Zrínyi, Semmelweis University (Hungary)Comprehensive Evaluation

S / A / B / C / D (circle one)

We all agreed that the performance of GI-CoRE and GSS was evaluated as outstanding to haveachieved outcomes beyond the original plan in both international research collaboration and education.
Research outcomes including international collaboration were published in many high impact journals
such as Nature, Science, Advanced Materials, and so on. The research productivity has exceeded our
expectations, which was mainly led by Hokkaido group. Much of this enhanced productivity can betraced directly to the nature of the international collaborations that have been fostered by GSS. And theexcellent international summer schools gave young researchers and students an opportunity to study thefundamental and cutting-edge topics directly from world-wide outstanding scientists in the soft matterscience. It is very well-managed effort meeting or exceeding all of the research and educational goals
that have been set. This very high standard extends to scientific hospitality as well, leading to thesuccess of the GSS sponsored workshops. Therefore, we are sure that the system and framework
promoting the international collaboration and education has been successfully established. All of these
efforts collectively are playing a substantial role in advances in the science and application of soft
materials. The rapid development of life science with efforts to improve the quality of life needs suchan interdisciplinary knowledge and international collaboration in soft matter science. We are highly
confident that the future of GI-CoRE GSS will not solve only the social issues in life science but also
the emerging environmental problems.
It seems rare in Japan that such international collaboration and education both succeeded. We really
hope that the strong support of HU and Japanese funding agencies will continue the support to keepsuch a successful international collaboration and education active in the future.

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Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation
External Evaluation Committee Member Name:

Kohzo Ito

Choose one of the five Evaluation Ratings options below as explained by the Evaluation Explanation for each
Evaluation Item on the form.
Evaluation

Evaluation Explanation

Ratings
S

Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes have been achieved(Excellent)

B

Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays (Good)C

Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results were insufficient (Satisfactory)D

No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)I.

Research1.

Has construction of an international research and education center capable of attracting outstanding researchers

from around the world (including from HU) been achieved?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The Hokkaido University (HU) has a world-wide reputation in the research field of soft matter science withoutstanding researchers, of which Prof. Jian Ping Gong is world-widely regarded as a leading scientist. In addition,
GI-CoRE has Profs. Michael Rubinstein and Costantino Creton as core collaborating scientists, each of which isalso one of the most famous researchers in the field of polymer physics and soft matter physics. And other domestic
and foreign principal researchers do not only include outstanding and established scientists but also young risingstars that will create novel scientific area in near future. Therefore, I am confident that this project is successfully
constructed from enough outstanding researchers from both within and outside of HU.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
This project is well organized by three core research institutes and other universities in Japan, USA, and France,
where established and young researchers are easily collaborating with each other.

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(Suggestions for improvement)2.

Is world-leading cutting-edge international cooperative research underway?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
HU is world-widely known by the strong soft matter science, especially Prof. Gong’s group. The tough hydrogels
for biomedical applications are based on this group’s original idea of sacrifice bonds. This creative and original
science leads to a lot of internationally cooperative researches and publications in high impact journals.
Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)3.

Are research outcomes from GI-CoRE being actively utilized to solve social issues?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)A+
(Reasons)
Tough gels have quite high potential to be used for biomaterials such as artificial cartilage, artificial lens, tissue
engineering, and so on, which will solve important social issues in aging society. This project has successfully
encouraged close collaboration between medical doctors and materials scientists to promote biomedical applicationof gels. Some important and creative outcomes have been obtained but it takes a long time to apply the innovative
materials to patients in practice, especially in Japan with many strict regulations. On the other hand, it is unique thatthe idea of sacrifice bond has been applied to the development of tough elastomers, which can be used for highly
durable tire with low energy consumption. The outcomes may also solve the social issues sooner in a different fieldfrom biomedical application.
Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)

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II.

Education

Is the educational system and curriculum designed to help develop researchers who possess specialized
knowledge and are capable of working internationally?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The educational performance of GSS is really excellent and should be most highly evaluated. Especially, thesummer school is greatly impressive with the most important topics and distinguished international lecturers in thesoft matter science. It seems quite rare that such a really international summer school was held in Japan even inother fields. I believe that the well-organized interdisciplinary summer school was really effective to develop humanresources in soft matter science. It was a shame that next summer school was unfortunately postponed by covid-19
problem. I hope that it will be held next year.

Specific points(Outstanding points)(Suggestions for improvement)

III.

Establishment of Framework

Are the necessary systems and frameworks being established in order to conduct international cooperative researchand education?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The system and framework have worked excellently on the international collaboration in research and education andestablished successfully. I think that there are two reasons for the successful establishment: One is that they arebased on the close collaboration among three principal scientists leading in this field, Profs. Gong, Rubinstein, andCreton, and the other is the fully strong support of HU and funding agencies. It is not a common in Japan that suchan international system and framework is succeeded in a fundamental science. I really hope that they will continue
after this project finished.
Specific points(Outstanding points)

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(Suggestions for Improvement)

IV.

Overall Evaluation(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)Specific points

I was so impressed with the successful performance of GSS in both international research collaboration andeducation. Research outcomes including international collaboration were published in many high impact journals
such as Nature, Science, and Advanced Materials. And the excellent international summer schools gave young
researchers and students the opportunity to study the fundamental and cutting-edge topics directly from world-wide
outstanding scientists in the soft matter science. The system and framework promoting the international
collaboration and education has been successfully established. I feel it rare in Japan that such international
collaboration and education both succeeded. I hope that they will continue by the support of HU and Japanesefunding agencies.

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Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation
External Evaluation Committee Member Name:

Kenneth R. Shull

Choose one of the five Evaluation Ratings options below as explained by the Evaluation Explanation for each
Evaluation Item on the form.
Evaluation

Evaluation Explanation

Ratings
S

Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes have been achieved(Excellent)

B

Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays (Good)C

Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results were insufficient (Satisfactory)D

No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)I.

Research1.

Has construction of an international research and education center capable of attracting outstanding researchers

from around the world (including from HU) been achieved?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S(Reasons)
The program is very well designed in the way the international contributors are utilized.

Regular visits ofsufficient length to promote active discussions have been promoted with the French and U.S. partners.

These

visits have been of sufficient duration for the visitors to understand the strengths of the host institution andprevailing research culture, resulting in connections that would certainly not have without the Global Station forSoft Matter.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Attention has been paid the career stage of the participants, with a good mix of established and young investigators.
The research productivity overall has been outstanding.

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(Suggestions for improvement)
A younger person needs to be identified to whom eventual leadership of the effort can be transferred, as has beenrecognized by the current leadership.
2.

Is world-leading cutting-edge international cooperative research underway?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S(Reasons)
The soft matter group is generally acknowledged as the worldwide leader in the development of tough hydrogels forbiomedical applications.
very effectively.

This leadership position brings considerable leverage to the project, which is utilized

The international visibility of the Hokkaido team as enabled them to establish a network of truly

excellent collaborators.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Development of a mechanistic understanding of mechanical toughness in hydrogels is an important area that has
benefited from the international collaborations.

(Suggestions for improvement)
Perhaps the network can be broadened a bit in the future.

Having said this, I do think that the decision was tofocus on two, cohesive groups of investigators was the right decision for the GSS.

3.

Are research outcomes from GI-CoRE being actively utilized to solve social issues?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
A(Reasons)
The center has a strong focus on the development of materials for biomedical applications, particularly inorthopedics.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Close collaborations with biomaterials specialists has the potential for the development of important new
biomaterials.

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(Suggestions for improvement)
While some applications in non-biomaterials areas were mentioned, I expect that even greater opportunities might
exist in these areas. Biomaterials development and approval is a notoriously slow and painstaking process, and it
would be useful for additional avenues of application to be developed.

The program has already made progress inthis direction, although more can be done.

II.

Education

Is the educational system and curriculum designed to help develop researchers who possess specialized
knowledge and are capable of working internationally?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S(Reasons)
This is one of the areas of the GSS with which I was most impressed.

Inclusion of the international partners hasbrought a truly international flavor to some of the workshops and other educational efforts. These programs, and inparticular the International Soft Matter Summer School, have a very high visibility that reflects well on the
University of Hokkaido.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
The topics at the workshops are state-of-the art, and are playing an important role in the training of the next
generation of scientists.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Nothing to mention here.

It’s difficult to see how they could be doing more in this area.

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III.

Establishment of Framework

Are the necessary systems and frameworks being established in order to conduct international cooperative researchand education?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S(Reasons)
Everything is in place for continued international collaborative research to continue.

The program has highvisibility internationally, a lot of scientific momentum and is at the center what is an exciting and growing research
field.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
The program has established a reputation for the high quality scientific interaction and discourse in a very
hospitable environment.

Simply put, it is where many scientists working in the soft matter field would like tospend some time as they develop their careers.
(Suggestions for Improvement)
The program might want to consider bilateral arrangements with international organizations that provide
opportunities for scientists at Hokkaido to participate in research at the partner institutions.

My sense is thatscientists at the University of Hokkaido, and perhaps other Japanese institutions, would benefit greatly from these
sorts of opportunities.
IV.

Overall Evaluation(Your Evaluation Results)
S
Specific points
My impressions of the program are extremely favorable in all respects.

The research productivity has exceeded

my expectations, which for an effort led by Hokkaido group were already very high. Much of this enhanced
productivity can be traced directly to the nature of the international collaborations that have been fostered by GSS.
It is very well-managed effort meeting or exceeding all of the research and educational goals that have been set.
This very high standard extends to scientific hospitality as well, leading to the success of the GSS sponsoredworkshops.

All of these efforts collectively are playing a substantial role in advances in the science andapplication of soft materials.

My understanding is that the program is not likely to be funded at the same level byJapanese sources in the future.

Assuming this is true, partnerships should be made with international fundingorganizations in order maintain and grow the program.

Currently leadership of the program should play a role inthis, but a leadership successor should be identified who can take the lead on these international partnership efforts.

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Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation
External Evaluation Committee Member Name:

Miklos Zrinyi

Choose one of the five Evaluation Ratings options below as explained by the Evaluation Explanation for each
Evaluation Item on the form.
Evaluation

Evaluation Explanation

Ratings
S

Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes have been achieved(Excellent)

B

Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays (Good)C

Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results were insufficient (Satisfactory)D

No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)I.

Research1.

Has construction of an international research and education center capable of attracting outstanding researchers

from around the world (including from HU) been achieved?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The Hokkaido University has a long-term tradition in the research of soft and wet materials. As consequence of
success and strength of previous achievements, HU has become a world leader in the research of soft matter. The
Global Station of Soft Matter (GSS) aims to establish global community for international research and education ofSoft matter, hosted in Hokkaido University. This international research and education center has invited top-classresearcher from both domestic and international institutions. From 2016 several outstanding professors were invited
form US and from France. The GSS includes three units, the Hokkaido University has 33 faculty members, The US
unit has 5 faculty members and the France unit has 7 faculty members.
The objective of the foundation of GSS and GI-CoRE are:- to further strengthen the understanding of fundamental properties of soft matter,- to develop new materials with functions mimicking the properties of natural biological substances.
- to accelerate the development of soft matter application with industry collaboration,-to attract outstanding researchers from all over the world,

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-to establish international cross-disciplinary graduate school for education of Soft Matter science,
The international research and education project succeed in gathering outstanding researches from Japan, USA andFrance.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
To prepare advanced polymer hydrogels with hierarchical structures and functions inspired by living organism. To
develop new synthesis of soft matter using bottom-up self a-assembly combined with traditional techniques.
GSS wants to strengthen the industrial collaboration with companies to achieve fast technological transfer fromacademic knowledge to industry.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Soft matter is a rather young science, with rather rare application possibilities.
2.

Is world-leading cutting-edge international cooperative research underway?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The answer is definitely yes. Several original, cutting edge research achievements have been published in highprofile scientific papers (Nature, Science, Advanced Materials, Soft Matter…) that have given significant impact on
the University strength and results in high appreciation of the University. The high number of citation evidences
this. There is no doubt that Hokkaido University maintains world leadership in the soft matter research.
This makes the world-wide recognition of Hokkaido University.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
The widespread interdisciplinary collaboration is very effective.
The good research activity together with the outstanding results mean high reputation for the University.
Beside the fundamental research, application oriented research, like medical applications is particularly
straightforward and promising.
(Suggestions for improvement)
It would be good to widen the international collaboration with other countries, where the development of soft matterscience is remarkable.

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3.

Are research outcomes from GI-CoRE being actively utilized to solve social issues?

Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
Soft matter science is a broad interdisciplinary science that, among others, aims to improve the quality of life by
medical means and try to contribute in eliminating or decreasing as possible, some of the risks including ages andenvironmental pollution. As the society age is considered, there is rapidly increasing need to develop livingorganism friendly medical materials, soft tissues, such as blood vessels, cartilage and tendon and so on. One of thededicated aims of the Gi-CoRE members to prepare synthetic hydrogel biomaterials for the medical doctors to usethem as implant.
The GSS has made several efforts sharing the research achievement with the society. Large number of domestic
and international press release that initiated many responses from newspapers, magazines, radio- and TV
broadcasting.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Application of strong and tough hydrogel as load bearing biomaterials for artificial cartilage and ligaments. Veryactive science outreach to share the results with the society.
(Suggestions for improvement)-

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II.

Education

Is the educational system and curriculum designed to help develop researchers who possess specialized
knowledge and are capable of working internationally?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
(Reasons)
The Graduate school has established the first international graduate course majoring in Soft Matter. It
offers both Master’s course and a Doctoral course. The curriculum makes possible to educate students who
could be the leader in the research and development of soft matter. This is a unique educational course
where cross-disciplinary education is targeted to Soft Matter science. I am convinced that the Graduate
school through the framework of GI- CoRE Global Station for Soft Matter, Hokkaido University is able toprovide excellent educational environment in thisphysics, material-,

andlife science

multi-disciplinary subject.

It

includeschemistry,

and medicine from theoretical and experimental perspectives.

Overseas faculty members are also contribute in the education, by giving courses and providing
information about study and make research work in abroad. Many students from Hokkaido University
participated in the student international exchange. Beside the Students form HU, overseas students could
benefit the exchange program. There unit leaders of GSS agreed to organize large-scale international
summer school regularly in Japan, Europe and USA. The Hokkaido Summer Institute also organizes
international soft matter courses.

Specific points(Outstanding points)
The Graduate school has established the first international graduate course majoring in Soft Matter. It offers both
Master’s course and a Doctoral course.
(Suggestions for improvement)
Similar inter university program like Co-Tutelle program with France, would be useful for talented students fromother countries.

III.

Establishment of Framework

Are the necessary systems and frameworks being established in order to conduct international cooperative researchand education?
Evaluation Results and Reasons(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)38

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(Reasons)YES!
The GI-CoRE was established in 2014 as a faculty organization. It is an independent education and researchorganization managed by its director. Based on the success of GI-CoRE, the Global Station for Soft Matter was
launched in 2016 to promote international collaborative research and education.
Specific points(Outstanding points)
Organization and activities were driven by a faculty-led management system.
(Suggestions for Improvement)
According to future plans GSS will be internalized and absorbed into the Faculty of Advanced Life Science. GSS
will maintain its independency, and the budget will be incorporated into the University ‘s ordinary budget. In orderto carry on high-level research and education in the future, it is necessary to conserve the funding systems, whichmakes possible the world-class research and unique education system. Hokkaido University as well as GSS
members need to make efforts to find sources in order to further strengthen and promote joint research and establish
a word wide network on soft matter research and education.

IV.

Overall Evaluation(Your Evaluation Results)
S / A / B / C / D (circle one)
It was a good idea to establish GI-CoRE and GSS. The structure and activity of GSS clearly demonstrates theinevitable success of research and education in the rapidly growing field of soft matter science.
To summarize my evaluation: Outstanding(Specific points)
The rapid development of life science with efforts to improve the quality of life, needs such an interdisciplinary
knowledge, like soft matter science. It should be involved much more in the higher education. The future of
GI-CoRE GSS serves this ambition.

Prof. Miklos Zrinyi
member of Hungarian Academy of Sciences

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40

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Global Station for Soft Matter
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(GI‐CoRE)
Hokkaido Univeristy
Research Progress Report(Project Period: Academic Year 2016‐2020)41

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42

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Contents
I.

OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................... 45
1. Name of Global Station (GS) ............................................................................................ 45
2. Project Period .................................................................................................................... 45
3. Aims and Goals ................................................................................................................. 45
4. Necessity and Urgency ..................................................................................................... 45
5. Originality and Novelty .................................................................................................... 46
II. BUDGET................................................................................................................................. 48
III. DETAILED RESULTS .......................................................................................................... 49
1. Research in the Global Station for Soft Matter ................................................................. 49
1-1. Goals .............................................................................................................................. 49
1-2. Construction of Base ..................................................................................................... 50
1-2-1. Implementation System ......................................................................................... 50
1-2-2. Role of Overseas Faculty Members ....................................................................... 53
1-2-3. Role Sharing between Faculty Members at HU .................................................... 53
1-2-4. Research Structure ................................................................................................. 54
1-2-5. Equipment and Facilities ....................................................................................... 55
1-3. Current Progress of International Collaborative Research ........................................... 56
1-4. Future Research Perspective ......................................................................................... 59
1-5. Activities and Outcomes (FY 2016-2020) .................................................................... 61
1-5-1. Summary of Research Achievements and Activities (FY 2016-2020)................... 61
1-5-2. Publications in the High-Profile Journals............................................................... 61
1-5-3. Publications Co-Affiliated with Other International and Domestic Institutions .... 62
1-5-4. External Grants (FY2016-2020)............................................................................. 63
1-5-5. International Symposiums and Workshops ............................................................ 64
1-5-6. Seminars ................................................................................................................. 66
1-5-7. Science Outreach .................................................................................................... 66
2. Education in the Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science .................... 67
2-1. Goals ............................................................................................................................. 67
2-2. Commencement History ............................................................................................... 67
2-3. Necessity to Institute in Hokkaido University .............................................................. 67
2-4. Relationship with GI-CoRE .......................................................................................... 68
2-5. Construction of the Educational Implementation System............................................. 68
2-5-1. Outline and Practices of the Division of Soft Matter ............................................. 68
2-5-2. Education Fields ..................................................................................................... 69
2-5-3. Three Policies of International Graduate School ................................................... 70

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2-5-4. Implementation System for Selecting New Students ............................................. 72
2-5-5. Class Subject .......................................................................................................... 73
2-5-6. International Education Activities .......................................................................... 74
2-6. Future Developments in Education ............................................................................... 80
2-6-1. Admissions ............................................................................................................. 80
2-6-2. Curriculum and Career Development .................................................................... 80
2-6-3. Recruitment of Excellent International Students ................................................... 80
2-6-4. International Summer Schools ............................................................................... 81
3. Administrative Framework ............................................................................................... 82
3-1. Management System at the Global Station for Soft Matter .......................................... 82
3-2. Establishment and Improvement of Acceptance System/Environment ........................ 82
3-3. Administrative System at the Global Station ................................................................ 83
IV. FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF GSS .................................................................................. 84
1. Structural Change of GSS from FY 2021 ......................................................................... 84
2. Budget and Research Funds .............................................................................................. 84
3. Detailed Activities Planned ............................................................................................... 85
APPENDICES ............................................................................................................................... 87
87
Appendix A Highlighted Research Progress ................................................................................ 87
Appendix B List of International and Domestic Institutions with Joint Publications .................123
123
Appendix C List of Publications, Verbal Presentations, Patents .................................................125
125
Appendix D Selected List of Awards ...........................................................................................172
172
Appendix E List of External Grants.............................................................................................174
174
Appendix F List of GSS Seminars ...............................................................................................178
178
Appendix G List of Science Outreach .........................................................................................182
182

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I. Overview
1. Name of Global Station (GS)Global Station for Soft Matter (GSS)
2. Project Period
2016-2020 academic years (5 years)
3. Aims and Goals“Soft Matter” is a general term for research involving the conceptual development and utilization ofsoft substances and materials. Hokkaido University (HU) is a world leader in the research of Soft
Matter, stemming originally from the research and development of mechanically tough double networkhydrogels and their biomedical applications. Built on the strength of Hokkaido University’s previous
achievements, GSS aims to establish a world-leading global hub for international research andeducation in Soft Matter. GSS aims to further strengthen our understanding of fundamental properties
of hydrogels and accelerate the development of advanced hydrogel materials applications by bringing
together world-leading experts on Soft Matter into one interdisciplinary group. Furthermore, GSS aims
to establish the first international graduate school in Japan for the education of Soft Matter science,
producing world-class graduates who will expand the global community of Soft Matter researchers.
GSS will establish a cross-disciplinary educational curriculum in English to attract outstanding
students from all over the world.
4. Necessity and Urgency
Soft Matter science is a broad, interdisciplinary field, cutting across the previously distinct boundaries
of chemistry, physics, and biology to develop advanced new materials that aim to solve various modern
societal challenges, including aging, environmental pollution, and resource shortages. Specifically,worldwide population aging is expected to progress rapidly in the next half century, and among thecountries affected, Japan is advancing at an unprecedented rate. As society ages, the importance ofartificial organs, such as artificial hearts and artificial joints, and reconstructive medical / nursing
equipment such as endoscopes and robots, etc. is increasing. Existing “hard matter” materials such as
metals, ceramics, and plastics, cannot act as fundamental materials for these biomedical purposes, as
they possess significantly different mechanical properties from natural biomaterials, and often
demonstrate poor biocompatibility. Developing new types of soft matter that possesses properties orfunctions closer to those of living organisms is urgently required. This requirement has been

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recognized worldwide, and therefore the focus on Soft Matter research has been rapidly increasing.
Because Soft Matter is interdisciplinary, spanning various academic (physics/chemistry/biology) andindustrial (engineering /medical science/agricultural science) fields, it is urgently necessary tointegrate interdisciplinary researchers into an organization for collaborative research and development
and to establish a new knowledge system for the development of human resources in Soft Matter forthe academic and industrial worlds. With the establishment of the Global Station for Soft Matter andInternational Graduate School, world-class research and education in the field of Soft Matter can be
accelerated.
5. Originality and Novelty
Hydrogels, which are a type of soft matter, share many similarities with natural biological substances
and are therefore expected to have a strong potential as artificial biomaterials. However, conventionalhydrogels have been not of practical use because they are generally extremely brittle, breaking
immediately when a slight force is applied. In 2003, Prof. Gong’s research group at the HU Faculty of
Advanced Life Science has developed, for the first time in history, a high-strength double network(DN) gel (patent applied for in Japan, China, South Korea, USA and EU) that achieves high toughness
by taking advantage of the “softness” characteristics inherent to hydrogels, resulting in properties
similar to cartilage or industrial rubbers (Gong et al., Advanced Materials, 2003). This research grouphas clarified the sacrificial bonding mechanism as the fundamental basis for the high toughness
exhibited by DN gels (Gong, Soft Matter, 2010). Later, the group also developed reversible sacrificial
bonds and succeeded in developing hydrogel materials that have not only high toughness but also selfhealing properties (Sun et al., Nature Materials, 2013).
With the invention of double network hydrogels and discovery of the sacrificial bonding mechanism,we finally possess a strategy to produce materials with suitable properties for various modern
applications, including biomedical applications such as muscles, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments,
where high strength and toughness are indispensable. Since 2005, following the development of the
DN gel, Prof. Yasuda’s research group at the HU Faculty of Medicine, which ranks 8th (Web of
Science) in the world for the study of soft tissues (ligaments), have been attempting to apply tough DN
gels towards the development of artificial cartilage applications, in collaboration with Prof. Gong’s
materials research group. Many achievements have been made through this collaboration. One
example is the discovery that natural regeneration of cartilage occurs in vivo, induced by the presenceof DN gel (Yasuda et al., Macromolecular Bioscience, 2009). This discovery changed the common
belief in the medical community that hyaline cartilage is not regenerable in vivo once damaged. This
paper on the natural regeneration of cartilage in vivo by DN gel is ranked in the top 1% of all cited
papers in the biomaterials field.
The original, cutting-edge research performed at HU has significantly impacted the general materials

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science community and has inspired widespread international research on the development of novel
tough soft matter (for example, Sun & Suo et al., Nature, 2012, Ducrot & Creton et al., Science 2014).
Recently, the “sacrificial bonding principle” has been used in academia and industry in Japan andoverseas as a design concept for producing high toughness materials. Based on the high citation rateof papers published by the research groups focused on hydrogels at HU (Total cited times 24,042; morethan 1,000 times per year since 2011, and 2,840 times in 2019, as of July 6, 2020 google scholar), it isclear that Hokkaido University maintains a strong leadership position in this field.
GSS intends to combine the strength of HU in advanced hydrogels development and biomedical
application and the strength of overseas universities on fundamentals of Soft Matter, by inviting topclass scientists to work together on the fundamental theories of Soft Matter and fracture mechanisms.
Through this interdisciplinary collaboration, materials development and subsequent medical
application (artificial cartilage, artificial ligament, etc.) will be accelerated.

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II. Budget

FY
2016

FY
2017

FY
2018

FY
2019

2,504

13,372

22,32919,99026,87685,071

Administrative
Cost*

14,51013,331

11,701

11,53914,58065,661

Operating andResearch Cost

161,472 151,783 144,456 135,524

129,048 722,283

178,486 178,486 178,486 167,053

170,504 873,015

Category
Personnel
Cost

GI-CoRE
Establishment
of Framework

Total

Unit: 1,000 JPY
FY 2020
Total(Projected)(for Researchers
from Overseas)*Including travel expenses for invited researchers from overseas.

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III. Detailed Results
1. Research in the Global Station for Soft Matter
1-1. Goals
The primary research objective of GSS is to create advanced polymer hydrogels with mechanical,
physical, and biochemical functions close to those of biological tissues by introducing sophisticatedstructures inspired by living organisms. By this approach, GSS intends to create a material foundation
for supporting advanced medical technologies such as biological tissue replacement and regenerative
medicine. The followings are the specific tasks.
A. Bio-inspired Design and Development of Novel Functional Hydrogels
GSS aims to design multi-functional hydrogels following the structural essence of biological soft
tissues, such as blood vessels, cartilage, and tendon. To create hydrogels with the requiredcomposite/ordered/hierarchical structures from nano- to macro-scale, GSS will develop various novel
processes for gel synthesis, combining the bottom-up self-assembly and the top-down approach aided
with the external energy input.
B. Revealing Physical Principles of Multi-functional Hydrogels
GSS will analyze the superb performance of hydrogels created in ｔask A, including viscoelasticity,strength and toughness, fatigue, shock-absorbency, self-healing, anisotropy, adhesion, and friction,and reveal the mechanisms that allow for the emergence of soft, hydrated materials that are highly
deformable yet possess sophisticated structures. By comparing the results of the obtained synthetichydrogels with living tissues, GSS will provide a pathway through a soft matter materials science
perspective to understanding the mechanisms that enable excellent biological functions in soft
materials.
C. Applying Synthetic Hydrogels as Multi-functional Biomaterials
GSS will apply the multi-functional hydrogels developed in task A for various applications, mainly
focusing on but not limited to biomedical applications. Specifically, GSS will focus on applications oftough hydrogels as artificial cartilage, on controlling and directing cell proliferation and differentiation,and on inducing spontaneous regeneration of soft tissues both in vitro and in vivo, using the dynamic
stimulation effects of hydrogels. By integrating the above-described polymer science, cell engineering,and cell medicine, GSS will create multi-functional hydrogels that can serve as fundamental
biomaterials for cutting-edge medicine.
D. Industry Collaboration
GSS will actively collaborate with industry to quickly convert the laboratory-scale materials into viable
technologies for practical products. Specifically, GSS will establish a joint research laboratory with49

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the private sector, NGK Spark Plug Co.,Ltd., focusing on the development of tough double networkhydrogels for joint disease treatment. GSS also participates in a Japanese cabinet-sponsored national
project, the ImPACT Ito Kohzo program, that is aiming for fast transfer of academic knowledge on
tough polymer designs to industry.
1-2. Construction of Base
1-2-1. Implementation System
Taking full advantage of GSS’s budget and concentrated research center style, GSS has succeeded,from 2016 in total, in inviting 12 outstanding overseas researchers as cross-appointed professors,
including 2 distinguished professors, 6 full professors, 3 associate professors, and 1 assistant professor
from the US and France. These overseas faculty members are from top-class universities of the Soft
Matter field. GSS also cross-appointed 33 domestic faculty members. Thus, GSS owns a group of
faculty members with a broad research background, including polymer science, soft matter physics,
fracture mechanics, cell biology, medicine, including both experimental and theoretical scientists.
GSS consists of three units. The Hokkaido University unit has 33 faculty members, 15 from Facultyof Advanced Life Science, 8 from Faculty of Medicine, 8 from the Research Institute for Electronic
Science, and 2 from Hokkaido University Hospital. The US unit has 5 faculty members, 2 from theDuke University, 1 from Cornell University, 1 from North Carolina State University, and 1 from Iowa
State University/Southern University of Science and Technology. The France unit has 7 faculty
members, 3 from ESPCI Paris, 2 from Sorbonne University, 1 from University Paris Diderot, and 1
from University of Bordeaux. Several post-doctoral fellows are placed in the three units. The Hokkaido
University members are strong in materials sciences, structure characterization, and medical sciences,while the French members and US members are strong in soft matter mechanics and theory.

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List of GSS Members
Unit
Hokkaido
University Unit
【Director】
Makoto Demura【Unit Leader】
Jian Ping Gong

Researchers

Research Field

Faculty of Advanced Life Science
Distinguished Prof. Jian Ping Gong
Prof. Takayuki Kurokawa
Associ. Prof. Tasuku Nakajima
Associ. Prof. Takayuki Nonoyama
Assist. Prof. Daniel R. King
Visiting Prof. Kazunori YasudaProf. Makoto Demura
Prof. Tomoyasu Aizawa
Lecturer Takashi Kikukawa
Assist. Prof. Takashi Tsukamoto
Prof. Hisashi Haga
Assist. Prof. Seiichiro Ishihara

Soft Materials, Hydrogels
Polymers, Biomaterials
Polymer Science, Hydrogels
Bio-Ceramics
Soft Composites
Biomaterials
NMR Spectroscopy
NMR Metabolomics,
Photoactive Proteins
Biophysics
Cell Mechanics
Cell Mechanics

Postdoctoral Fellow Hiroyuki Kumeta

NMR

Assist. Prof. Taolin Sun(2016.4 - 2017.12)
Assist. Prof. Takeomi Mizutani(2016.6 - 2017.3)
Assist. Prof. Kazuya Furusawa(2016.6 - 2018.3)
Postdoctoral Fellow Tomáš Sedlačík(2017.4 - 2019.3)
Postdoctoral Fellow Honglei Guo(2017.4 - 2019.3)

Soft Materials

Research Institute for Electronic
ScienceProf. Kuniharu Ijiro
Associ. Prof. Hideyuki Mitomo
Assist. Prof. Yusuke Yonamine
Prof. Toshiyuki Nakagaki
Associ. Prof. Katsuhiko Sato
Assist. Prof. Yukinori Nishigami
Associ. Prof. Kenichi Niikura(2016.6 - 2017.3)

Cell Mechanics
Biomaterials
Polymer Materials
Physical Chemistry

Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
Nanomaterials
Active Soft Matter
Active Soft Matter
Active Soft Matter
Bioengineering

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Assist. Prof. Shigeru Kuroda(2017.7 - 2018.3)
Faculty of Medicine
Prof. Norimasa Iwasaki
Associ. Prof. Masahiko Takahata
Assist. Prof. M. Alaa Terkawi
Prof. Shinya Tanaka
Associ. Prof. Masumi Tsuda
Assist. Prof. Lei Wang
Assist. Prof. Jun SuzukaProf. Nobuto Kitamura(2016.6 - 2017.4)【Unit Leader】
MichaelRubinsteinFrance Unit
【Unit Leader】
Costantino
CretonOrthopedics, Biomaterials
Orthopedics
Immunology, Biomaterials
Pathological Science
Pathological Science
Pathological Science
Pathological Science
Orthopedics, Biomaterials

Hokkaido University HospitalProf. Eiji Kondo
Lecturer Tomohiro Onodera
U.S. Unit

Active Matter

Orthopedics
Orthopedics

Distinguished Prof. Michael Rubinstein(Duke University)
Prof. Stephen Craig(Duke University)
Prof. Jan Genzer(North Carolina State University)
Prof. Wei Hong(Iowa State University/Southern
University of Science and Technology)
Prof. Chung-Yuen Hui(Cornell University)

Polymer Physics Theory

Postdoctoral Fellow Tsutomu Indei

Polymer Physics, Rheology

Distinguished Prof. Costantino Creton(CNRS, ESPCI Paris)
Prof. Dominique Hourdet(Sorbonne University)
Prof. Anke Lindner(University Paris Diderot)
Associ. Prof. Tetsuharu Narita(CNRS, ESPCI Paris)

Fracture Mechanics

Mechanochemistry
Soft Matter Interface
Soft Mechanics Theory

Fracture Mechanics Theory

Polymer Chemistry
Microfluidics
Polymer Dynamics

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Associ. Prof. Alba Marcellan(Sorbonne University)
Associ. Prof. Cécile Monteux(CNRS, ESPCI Paris)
Assist. Prof. Thomas Salez(CNRS, University of Bordeaux)

Soft Matter Mechanics

Postdoctoral Fellow Xueyu Li
Postdoctoral Fellow Yanan Ye
Postdoctoral Fellow Hui Guo(2017.4 - 2018.12)
Postdoctoral Fellow Anaïs Giustiniani(2018.6 - 2019.9)

Fracture Mechanics
Polymer Science
Polymer ChemistrySurface and Interface
Soft Matter Physics

Soft Matter Physics

1-2-2. Role of Overseas Faculty Members
The overseas faculty members will focus on the fundamental theoretical and experimental studies on
advanced soft matter in collaboration with the domestic faculty members. The research topic includes
deformation, yielding, fracture, and fatigue of tough hydrogels, from single molecules to materials
levels. The overseas faculty members will also contribute to the education of the newly established
Division of Soft Matter, in the Graduate School of Life Science. They will give advice on researches
to our graduate students and provide students with opportunities to study in their research laboratories.
They will send students to GSS for collaboration. They will also give course lectures in the Graduate
School of Life Science. In addition, they will provide seminars during their stay at Hokkaido
University, giving students the opportunity to communicate frankly with them. The international
faculty members will also participate in the organization of International Symposiums andInternational Soft Matter Summer Schools.
1-2-3. Role Sharing between Faculty Members at HU
The members from the Faculty of Advanced Life Science will lead the development of novel hydrogels
and its structural and functional characterization. The members from the Faculty of Medicine and fromthe University Hospital will lead the medical applications of hydrogels as artificial cartilage and as
scaffolds for rapid reprogramming towards cancer stem cells materials for cancer treatment. Finally,
the members from the Research Institute for Electronic Science will lead the research on thedevelopment of soft devices. Prior to the creation of this international collaborative project, somemembers from the Faculty of Advanced Life Science and the Medical School have collaborated foryears, attempting to adopt tough double network hydrogels for cartilage treatment. This collaboration

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will be continued during this project.
Faculty members of Hokkaido University will manage the international research projects, submit
proposals for national grants, and prepare projects involving industry-academia collaborations. Faculty
members will mainly educate the students in the Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life
Science and provide opportunities to work with major international researchers overseas. The faculty
members at HU are distinguished into two groups; the hydrogel materials group will mainly engage ininternational collaborative researches with the overseas members, and the other group are primarily
engaged in domestic collaborations and education within the Division of Soft Matter, Graduate Schoolof Life Science.
1-2-4. Research Structure
The activities of GSS can be divided into three groups according to the three objectives of the project:the materials creation group, the fundamental science group, and the application group. In each group,
both international faculty members and domestic faculty members are placed. Specifically, Professor
Jian Ping Gong of HU unit will lead the research on design and development of novel soft materials
with excellent function and its applications. Prof. Costantino Créton of the France unit will lead theresearch on fundamental science in fracture and toughening of soft matter. Prof. Michael Rubinsteinof the US unit will lead the research on fundamental theories of soft matter deformation from themolecular to macroscopic levels.

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1-2-5. Equipment and Facilities
For sharing equipment specialized for soft matter research, a Soft Matter Open Unit (SMOU) will beestablished in 2017 as a management and maintenance system based on the University Open Facility
Platform. By such effort, the advanced equipment necessary for soft matter research is integrated. The
SMOU facility provides an educational environment that can be used as a practical training facility forgraduate education in the Division of Soft Matter (common graduate school subjects / international
summer school).
http://aces.gfc.hokudai.ac.jp/future/sky/smou/english/

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1-3. Current Progress of International Collaborative Research
Through collaborations between the three units, many prominent results have been achieved. These
results demonstrate a significant advancement of the knowledge in the field of soft matter
fundamentals and technology. Some of the results are highlighted in this progress report. For details,
please see Appendix A Highlighted Research Progress.
Regarding task A, through investigating the structure of biosystems, from protein sequences tomacroscopic geometries, novel bioinspired hydrogels with diverse functionalities have been fabricated.
Inspired by the amino acid structure of adhesive foot proteins in Mussels, hydrogels from cationic andaromatic monomers with adjacent sequences have been synthesized and these poly(cation-adj-π)hydrogels exhibit prominent under sea water adhesion (Fan et al., Nature Communications, 2019),
and the work has drawn great attention from the world. Inspired by thermally stable thermophile
proteins, novel materials showing instant thermal switching from soft hydrogels to rigid plastics havebeen synthesized and the interplay mechanism between electrostatic interactions and hydrophobic
interactions is proposed (Nonoyama et al., Advanced Materials, 2019).
To mimic order/disordered hybrid structures, double network physical hydrogels made from triblock
copolymers have been synthesized, and these hydrogels show abnormally large linear deformation
along with high toughness and self-healing (Zhang et al., Advanced Materials, 2016). These physicaltough hydrogels allowed us to obtain ultra-thin (~μm) membranes for use as artificial biologicalmembranes where toughness, semi-permeability and biocompatibility is required (Ye et al., Advanced
Functional Materials, 2018). Inspired by the stretching/drying process that takes place during theformation of spider silk, a process of drying hydrogels from rigid biopolymers in confined conditions
has been developed, which allows us to obtain perfectly aligned fibrous hydrogels with hierarchicalsuperstructures, and these fibrous gels show ligament-like mechanical modulus and strength (Mredha
et al., Advanced Materials, 2018).
The features of hard/soft composites found in natural materials also drives us to develop compositehydrogels. Combining viscoelastic and self-healing polyampholyte gels with woven fiber fabrics leads
to the creation of extraordinarily tough soft hydrogel composites that exceeds the toughness of metals(Huang et al., Advanced Functional Materials, 2017). Recently, the design essence has been applied
to viscoelastic elastomers as a soft matrix, and these new soft composites outperform the toughness ofexisting fiber reinforced polymer composites (Cui et al., Advanced Materials, 2020). The double
network concept and the sacrificial bond principle is used to design and develop macro-scale
composites (King et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019). Composites made of soft
matrices (hydrogels and elastomers) and hard grids (3D printed plastics and low melting alloys) withmacroscopic double network structure show yielding and high toughness by preferential fracture of
the rigid grid prior to the soft matrix, similar to that of a double network hydrogel. Such macro-scale
composites allowed us to clarify the design criteria for optimizing strength and toughness. The

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composite using low melting alloy enables self-healing, electrical conductivity, and controlled
electrochemical reactions and channel-structure templating in hydrogel matrices (Takahashi, et al.,Advanced Materials, 2018).
Inspired from the surface geometry of clingfish with a sucker for attachment to rocks and other surfaces,
we designed millimeter-scale honeycomb-like channels on the surface of polyampholyte hydrogels.
These hydrogels show fast, strong and reversible under water adhesion, since the honeycomb-likechannels enable fast liquid drainage and resist crack propagation during debonding (Rao et al.,Advanced Materials, 2018). Such fast attachment to surfaces while submerged in water should findapplications, such as in bandaging bleeding tissues during surgery.
In biological systems, most structures are formed by dynamic, out-of-equilibrium processes.
Furthermore, many functions are based on metabolic processes, accompanied by structure destruction
and reconstruction, during which nutrition is required for mass and energy supply. Research mimicking
such features has not yet been extensively explored. We are aiming to approach this challenge bybuilding novel hydrogels based on out-of-equilibrium structures and mimicking metabolic processes.
One successful example of out-of-equilibrium structure formation is the discovery of the abnormal
swelling of hydrophobic gels in water, reaching water content as high as 99.6 wt%. The spontaneous
skin layer formation and osmosis of water results in a skin-cell structure similar to the structure of anorange. Based on this mechanism, the gels can spontaneously separate pure water from sea water (Guoet al., Advanced Materials, 2019). Inspired by the memorizing-forgetting behavior of the brain, we
proposed a principle to develop hydrogels that can memorize and then forget information
spontaneously. Using polyampholyte hydrogels, we demonstrated that the forgetting time can becontrolled by the thermal learning strength and learning time. The structure frustration transientlyinduced by the large difference in the diffusion coefficient of heat and water, and the asymmetricswelling and shrinking kinetics of physical hydrogels at different temperatures, are two essential
mechanisms for this memorizing-forgetting behavior of hydrogels (Yu et al., PNAS, 2020). Inspiredby muscle training, we developed a double network hydrogel system that shows self-growing and selfstrengthening by mechanical training. By deformation, the internal rupture of the brittle network occurs
to generate mechanoradicals that initiate new network formation in the presence of monomers(nutrition). By such a mechanism, the double network hydrogels become stronger by mechanicaltraining like muscle. This work is the first attempt to induce the metabolic-like process in a synthetic
material (Matsuda et al., Science, 2019).
Regarding task B, we mainly focused on structure and mechanical behavior relationships and fracture
mechanics of soft matter. We adopted three tough hydrogel systems (double network gels,polyampholyte gels, and the soft composites from polyampholyte/woven fiber fabrics) developed intask A as model systems for the study. Along with existing methodologies such as SAXS and TEM,
we developed new methodologies to characterize the structures of hydrogels at the molecular- andmeso-length scales. Specifically, a new microelectrode technique has been established to characterize

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the spatial distribution of electric potential in hydrogels (Guo, et al., Macromolecules, 2016). Using
this new technique, the internal fracture structure evolution of double network hydrogels during
deformation has been elucidated on the micro-scale for the first time (Guo et al., Macromolecules,2019). The molecular mechanism and criteria for yielding of double networks has been clarified byadopting Tetra-PEG hydrogels with well-controlled network structure for the first network (Matsuda,
et al., Macromolecules, 2016). We are also establishing a theory and an experimental approach to
extract single polymer chain force curves until its rupture from double network hydrogels. This work,for the first time, connects the molecular behavior with the macroscale properties of network polymers(Indei et al., 68th Rheology Meeting, 2020). We also clarified the mechanism for the elastic−plastictransformation found in double network physical hydrogels made from biopolymers chitosan andsodium hyaluronate. The role of chain rigidity and the polyelectrolyte complexation between the two
biopolymers have been clarified (Shi, et al., Macromolecules, 2018).
For the tough and self-healing polyampholyte hydrogels, we revealed the existence of a meso-scale(~100 nm) network structure formed by local phase separation, and the high toughness of the gels is
attributed to the multiscale energy dissipation mechanism (Cui et al., Physical Review Letters, 2018).
Furthermore, the fatigue fracture of polyampholyte hydrogels has been studied and we observed aunique delayed fatigue fracture process in these hydrogels with hierarchical structures (Li et al., PNAS,
2020). For the deformation and fracture of fiber reinforced soft composites, theoretical analysis using
a simplified composite model has been proposed, and this model describes the essential features ofsoft composites, such as the relationship between the modulus ratio of the components (fabric andmatrix) and the width of the process zone. This model defines the design criteria for optimizing theproperties of tough soft composites (Hui et al., Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2020).
Moreover, the surface sliding friction of hydrogels in concentrated polymer solutions, as a model
system for cartilage lubrication, was studied and shearing-induced contact pattern formation has been
discovered for the first time. The result gives insight into the lubrication mechanism of human joints(Yashima et al., Soft Matter, 2019).
Regarding task C, our main focus is on the application of strong and tough hydrogels as load-bearing
biomaterials, including artificial cartilage and ligaments. A bottle neck of such applications is thedifficulty to fix the hydrogels robustly to bone, with a non-toxic, surgically feasible approach. We havesuccessfully developed a method to bond double network hydrogels to bone in vivo by mineralizing
the surface layer of the hydrogels with the osteoconductive mineral HAp (Nonoyama et al., Advanced
Materials, 2016). This method is quite universal, also applicable to collagen-based tough doublenetwork hydrogels (Mredha et al., Biomaterials, 2017). The method has been found feasible for fixing
the gels on defected bones with various sizes (Wada et al., Acta Biomaterialia, 2016). Using isotope
analysis at different implant times, the bonding mechanism has been clarified recently (Nonoyama etal., submitted). Using functional hydrogels to induce cell differentiation and proliferation is anotheraim of target C. We discovered that on some hydrogels, the cancer stem cell can be reprogrammed

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back to the cancer stem cell (Suzuka et al., Nature Biomedical Engineering, 2021). This discovery isremarkable, since it has a great potential to permit the early stage diagnose of cancer diseases and fast
drug screening. Besides, the soft composites are also used to build solvent-driven soft actuators(Hubbard et al., Matter, 2019), and a photonic hydrogel is successfully integrated into microfluidics
devices for optical imaging of pressure distribution (Ducloué et al., to be submitted).
Regarding task D, we established a joint research laboratory at Hokkaido University with NGK Spark
Plug Co., Ltd., devoted to the development of artificial cartilage using double network hydrogels.
Application-oriented biomaterial properties of double network hydrogels, including biocompatibility,
long term physical and chemical stability, implant geometry and dimension, surgery technique of
implantation, and fabrication processes for large scale production in industry, are being studied. The
progresses of these research areas have resulted in filed patents with NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. We
also participated in the ImPACT Ito Kohzo program granted by the Cabinet of Japan, through which
we had the opportunity to collaborate with the Bridgestone Corporation (one of the top 3 tire companies
in the world) and succeeded in applying the double network concept to develop high performanceindustrial rubbers. In addition, we also collaborated with 12 other companies on novel materials
research and development. The total research grant allowance from companies was 122 million
Japanese Yen during FY2016-2020.
1-4. Future Research Perspective
Compared with natural hydrogels found in biological systems, the state-of-art synthetic hydrogels stilllack the nano- to macro-scale complex hierarchical structures and are inferior in their functions. We
are only scratching the surface of the possibilities in mimicking biological structures. A prerequisite
for the formation of the elaborate structures seen in biological materials is the ability to precisely
controlled monomer sequences. Therefore, one of the most important and fundamental problems inhydrogel material science is achieving precise control of monomer sequences within synthetic polymer
networks. Although the development of synthetic polymers with controlled monomer sequences has
seen some progress, it is still challenging to precisely control monomer sequences while using highefficiency synthesis methods that allow for mass production to meet the commercial demand for thesematerials. GSS is starting the collaboration with groups in WPI-ICReDD (Institute for Chemical
Reaction Design and Discovery, established by World Premier International Research Initiative) at
Hokkaido University to tackle this challenge, and this collaboration will be strengthened over the next
five years.
While achieving precise monomer sequence control is an important step, other requirements exist to
create true synthetic hydrogels with properties similar to natural tissues. To build hierarchical structure

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over many length scales (from micrometer to millimeter), a combination of bottom up approaches suchas self-assembly and phase separation processes and top down approaches using external fields, suchas tensile stress, shear flow, extrusion, and electric and magnetic fields, should be developed. To
characterize the multiscale, order/disorder, composite structures, novel methodologies suitable forwater-containing materials should also be developed.
Furthermore, the scientific understanding of the correlation of specific structures and properties of
biological systems is still quite limited. High-performance hydrogels created through learning fromnature can lead us to revealing the mechanism of emergent functions demonstrated in biologicalsystems, thus answering the question of what special functions various structures have in living tissues.
These studies will firmly establish a new subfield in soft matter that is characterized by moleculartransportation, large deformation, non-linearity, relaxation, out-of-equilibrium processes, andmechanochemical reaction: Soft & Wet Matter Science.
We believe that the research achievements of bioinspired hydrogels will enable the next generation of
artificial tissues and various soft artificial organs. These materials are vastly superior in both form andfunction to “hard” artificial organs such as artificial blood vessels and the artificial heart, which should
improve their performance in real-world trials.

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1-5. Activities and Outcomes (FY 2016-2020)
1-5-1. Summary of Research Achievements and Activities (FY 2016-2020)
1.International Collaborative
Papers (peer reviewed)

Featured in Journals: #125
(Top 10% paper: # 6)
Review #2

2. Other Publications

Featured in Journals: # 332(Top 1% paper: # 3, Top 10% paper: # 5)
Review/Others: #19(Top 1% paper: # 1)
Books Published: #3

3. Verbal Presentations

Plenary Lectures: #5
Keynote Speeches: #11
Invited Lectures: #99

4. Patent Applications

Pending Patents: #23 (# 17 in Japan, #6 overseas)
Registered Patents (of the above number): # 2

5. Awards Received#22

6. External Grants

National Grants: #29
Others: #29
Collaboration with Industry: # 12
Total Amount: 122,384,808JPY

7. Seminars# 37

8. Science OutreachPress Release: # 11
Media Reports: # 93
(Newspaper: # 43, Internet: # 26, TV Features: # 19,
Magazines: #3, Radio: # 2)

9. International Symposiums &Workshops#5

10. Educations#2 (Summer School, Summer Institute)

1-5-2. Publications in the High-Profile Journals
GSS has published many original papers related to hydrogel researches in the high-profile journals,
from prominent science journals, top materials science journals, to top polymer science journals.
Among them, 4 are ranked as top 1% papers, and 11 as top 10% papers, according to 2021.8.13
Percentile (from Essential Science Indicators).

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The original papers directly related to the three goals of GSS are mainly published in the following
journals.
General Science Journals
2 in Science (IF 41.037)
3 in Nature Communications (IF 11.800)
5 in PNAS (IF 9.580)
6 in Physical Review Letters (IF 9.227)
Material Science and Chemistry Journals
11 in Advanced Materials (IF 25.809)
3 in Advanced Functional Materials (IF 14.860)
2 in Journal of the American Chemical Society (IF 14.695)
2 in ACS Nano (IF 13.700)
2 in Journal of Materials Chemistry A (IF 10.733)
2 in Chemistry of Materials (IF 10.159)
6 in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (IF 8.456)
1 in Biomaterials (IF 10.250)
4 in Acta Biomaterialia (IF 6.638)
4 in Journal of Materials Chemistry B (IF 5.047)
1 in Advanced Materials Interface (IF 4.713)
Polymer Science Journals
22 in Macromolecules (IF 5.997)
3 in ACS Macro Letters (IF 5.775)
14 in Soft Matter (IF 3.330)
5 in Polymer (IF 3.164)
Bio Science and Engineering Journals
1 in Nature Biomedical Engineering (IF 17.135)
1-5-3. Publications Co-Affiliated with Other International and Domestic Institutions
GSS has performed very active international and domestic collaborations, not only among GSS
international and domestic members but also with other international and domestic institutions(universities, research institutes, local government, companies, etc.). This can be seen from thepublications of GSS members co-affiliated with other international and domestic institutions.
Specifically, as shown in the following figure, 71 institutions that are co-affiliated, 14 are located in
North America, 19 are in Europe universities, and 18 are in Asia and Oceania, 12 in Japanese, 8 withcompanies. A list of the co-affiliated international and domestic institutions of joint publication isshown in Appendix B.

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Figure: Regional distribution of co-affiliated international and domestic institutions (universities,
research institutes, local government, companies, etc.) with joint publications with GSS members.
A full list of International collaborative publications, other publications by GSS members, verbal
presentations, and patent, are shown in Appendix C. GSS members have received awards. A selected
list of the awards is shown in Appendix D.
1-5-4. External Grants (FY2016-2020)
GSS members are quite successful in obtaining the competitive grants. GSS domestic members receive
the grants of 1,000,494,808 JPY in total, mainly the Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Society for the
Promotion of Science (JSPS) (74.9%). GSS also received grants from private companies and otherorganizations. The breakdown of grants received is shown in the following figure. A full list of the
grants is shown in Appendix E.

Figure: Total amount of grants and its breakdown obtained by domestic GSS members during FY
2016-2020.

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1-5-5. International Symposiums and Workshops
The following five international symposiums and workshops have been held during 2016-2020.
1. GSS International Mini-Symposium “Soft Matter Deformation and Function,” Hokkaido
University, 2019.7.17
2. The 1st Dr. Clark Research Symposium, Hokkaido University, 2019.7.17
3. Hokkaido University-ImPACT Joint Symposium “International Symposium on Advanced
Soft Matter: From Single Molecule to Tough Polymers”, Hokkaido University, 2017.8.7-8
4. International workshop on “Active Soft Matter and Ethology,” Hokkaido University,2017.8.4
5. The First International Symposium on Advanced Soft Matter, “Celebrating the Kick-off ofthe Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,” Hokkaido University, 2016.6.13-15
GSS International Mini-Symposium “Soft Matter Deformation and Function”, 2019.7.17
Global Station for Soft Matter held an international mini-Symposium “Soft Matter Deformation andFunction” on July 17th, 2019 at the Creative Research Institution, Hokkaido University. The
symposium gathered 52 attendees including invited speakers from overseas institutions: Prof. ChungYuen Hui from Cornel University, Prof. Wei Hong from Iowa State University and Sothern Universityof Science and Technology, and Prof. Alfred Crosby from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
Based on the symposium theme, the attendees exchanged opinions and had active discussion together
with the students of newly established Division of Soft Matter.

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- HU-ImPACT Joint Symposium
Hokkaido University-ImPACT Joint Symposium “International Symposium on Advanced Soft Matter:
From Single Molecule to Tough Polymers” was held on August 7th and 8th, 2017 at Hokkaido
University. This symposium was jointly organized by GSS and ImPACT’s Ito Program, a research anddevelopment program by JST and the Cabinet Office, Government of Japan. The Joint Symposium
was realized on the occasion of the “International Soft Matter Summer School in Hokkaido” inwhich many distinguished researchers, young investigators, and graduate students of soft matterstudies from all over the world congregate in Hokkaido.
In the two-day program, 19 invited lectures on the advanced soft matter by the summer school lecturers
and Ito Program academic members were delivered, followed by a fruitful Q&A session. Also, 82
posters were presented by young researchers and graduate students. A total of 165 people participatedin this symposium, providing valuable research exchange opportunities for the attendees on the
cutting-edge technologies and knowledge.
https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gss/report-hokkaido-university-impact-joint-symposium/

Invited speakers and advisors of HU-ImPACT Joint Symposium-The First International Symposium on Advanced Soft Matter“The First International Symposium on Advanced Soft Matter: Celebrating the Kick-off of the Global
Station for Soft Matter” was held on June 13th-15th, 2016 at Hokkaido University. The top researchers
on soft matter from all over the world came to give lectures: from the U.S., the University of North
Carolina at Chapel Hill, Duke University, North Carolina State University, and Iowa State University;from France, ESPCI Paris, Pierre and Marie Curie University, and University Paris Diderot; and fromJapan, the University of Tokyo and Hokkaido University. After the lectures, there was an active
discussion involving members in the audience. The poster session was held at the end of thesymposium where students and young researchers had the opportunity to present their work andreceive face to face comments from the world-leading researchers. Attended by nearly 150 people, thesymposium was a successful kick-off event for Global Station for Soft Matter, and the station aims tocontinue more international collaborative work in the near future.

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Honorary Guests and invited speakers.

Poster Session

1-5-6. Seminars
Seminars were held for our faculty and students with lectures given by GSS members, overseas anddomestic visitors. Each international GSS member gave at least one GSS seminar during his/her stayeach time. 37 GSS seminars were held. A full list of GSS Seminars is shown in Appendix F.
1-5-7. Science Outreach
GSS actively participates the science outreach activities, making effort to share the researchachievements with the society. GSS has made 11 international and domestic press-release. Many ofthe press-releases receive great response from the international and domestic media, including
newspapers (43 times), internet (26 times), TV features (19 times), magazine (3 times), and radio (2times). Through the media reports, GSS has received many inquiries from the industry forcollaborations.
Specifically, our research for “the tough, bendable fabric combines hydrogels” has been introduced on
the CNN Digital Studios series, titled Vision: The Future of Japan (for details, see the link
http://edition.cnn.com/style/article/hydrogel-steel-japan/index.html). Our paper “Double networkhydrogels strongly bondable to bones by spontaneous osteogenesis penetration” (Nonoyama et al.,Advanced Materials 2016) was in the top 5% of all research outputs with a score of 38 by Altmetric(https://www.altmetric.com/details/8372788). Our paper “Mechanoresponsive self-growing hydrogels
inspired by muscle training” (Matsuda et al., Science 2019) was in the top 5% of all research outputs
with a score of 325 by Altmetric (https://www.altmetric.com/details/54767155/news).
A full list of GSS science outreach is shown in Appendix G.

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2. Education in the Division of Soft Matter, Graduate School of Life Science2-1. Goals
The primary education objective of GSS is to establish the first international graduate course majoringin Soft Matter in Japan, by initiating a new Division of Soft Matter in the Graduate School of Life
Sciences, Hokkaido University. The Division of Soft Matter offers both a Master’s course and a
Doctoral course that provide systematic education on basic knowledge related to scientific research ofsoft matter (physics, chemistry, biology) and its applied sciences (material science, life molecularscience, biophysics, medicinal chemistry, and functional science). GSS aims to develop students whowill be leaders in the research and development of soft matter globally.
Website for Division of Soft Matter: https://life.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/en/sm
2-2. Commencement History
Soft Matter is receiving broad attention as a growing field in the 21st century. Soft Matter science isinterdisciplinary, spanning various academic (physics/chemistry/biology) and industrial (engineering/medical science/agricultural science) fields, and it is therefore necessary to establish a new knowledge
system for the development of human resources in Soft Matter science for the academic and industrial
worlds. However, there are few educational institutions that can systematically provide a crossdisciplinary educational curriculum in Soft Matter science in the world and there is none in Japan. For
this reason, educational research institutions are required to carry out research and development whilebuilding a new academic system and developing human resources who can apply cutting-edge soft
matter in parallel.
2-3. Necessity to Institute in Hokkaido University
Hokkaido University contains many leading researchers and good facilities in soft matter science,
especially regarding soft matter materials development and collaborative biomedical applications. By
inviting overseas researchers strong in the fundamental research of Soft Matter through the frameworkof GI-CoRE Global Station for Soft Matter, Hokkaido University is able to provide one of the besteducational environments in the world, in which multi-disciplinary science of Soft Matter, spanchemistry, material science, physics, mechanics, to life science and medicine, can be educated fromboth theoretical and experimental perspectives. Through such an education system, human resources
capable of soft matter research and application will be developed.

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2-4. Relationship with GI-CoRE
The Global Station for Soft Matter was established in April 2016 as a new base for GI-CoRE. By
utilizing this educational and research organization system, it has become possible to further strengthen
and develop the world's top-level soft matter research. As a result, the framework of GI-CoRE research
centers can be effectively returned to soft matter-related education. As mentioned above, all membersof the HU unit in GSS are full-time faculty members of the Division of Soft Matter. The overseas
faculty members will also contribute toward education by giving course lectures, advising graduate
students on research, and providing students with opportunities to study abroad in their researchlaboratories.
2-5. Construction of the Educational Implementation System
2-5-1. Outline and Practices of the Division of Soft Matter
-

-

-

-

Division of Soft Matter was established on April 1st, 2018, two years after the establishment ofGSS.
It has a capacity of 16 seats for master course students and 6 seats for doctoral course students.
It is an international education course and provides a curriculum in English.
All faculty members in the HU unit of GSS are in charge of full-time education. Overseas unit
members of GSS also conduct some lectures in normal courses and summer institute courses.
It provides a curriculum where the students can learn the latest research in a wide range of soft
matter, from fundamental sciences in chemistry and physics, material sciences and engineering,
to life sciences and medicine.
It also actively incorporates courses provided by or run jointly with other majors.
It participates in the Hokkaido University Co-Tutelle Program, and has established an interuniversity collaboration agreement with the French unit organization ESPCI Paris on collaborative
research guidance for doctoral degrees.
It has a field of cooperation with the National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS, Japan), andvisiting faculty members from NIMS are in charge of research guidance for doctoral programs in
the field of Soft Matter Functionality.
A Soft Matter Open Unit (SMOU) that integrates the advanced equipment necessary for soft matter
research is available for the students. The University Open Facility Platform is also available.
The SMOU facility has an educational environment that can be used as a practical training facility
for graduate education in soft matter majors (common graduate school subjects / international
summer school).

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2-5-2. Education Fields
The education fields of the Division of Soft Matter are shown in the following table, provided by fulltime HU faculty members and visiting faculty members from NIMS.
Education Fields

Laboratories

Faculty Members

Soft Matter
Materials Science

Laboratory ofSoft & Wet Matter

Faculty of Advanced Life Science
Prof. Jian Ping Gong
Prof. Takayuki Kurokawa
Associ. Prof. Tasuku Nakajima
Associ. Prof. Takayuki Nonoyama
Assist. Prof. Daniel R. King

Laboratory of
Molecular Device

Research Institute forElectronic
ScienceProf. Kuniharu Ijiro
Associ. Prof. Hideyuki Mitomo
Assist. Prof. Yusuke Yonamine

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BiomolecularSoft Matter

Soft Matter
Biophysics

Soft Matter
Medical Science

Functional
Soft Matter(MINS)

Laboratory of
Biological Information
Analysis Science

Faculty of Advanced Life Science
Prof. Makoto Demura
Lecturer Takashi Kikukawa
Assist. Prof. Takashi Tsukamoto

Laboratory ofProtein Science

Faculty of Advanced Life Science
Prof. Tomoyasu Aizawa

Laboratory of
Cell Dynamics

Faculty of Advanced Life Science
Prof. Hisashi Haga
Assist. Prof. Seiichiro Ishihara

Laboratory of Physical
Ethology

Research Institute for Electronic
ScienceProf. Toshiyuki Nakagaki
Associ. Prof. Katsuhiko Sato
Assist. Prof. Yukinori Nishigami

Laboratory of
Pathology

Faculty of Medicine
Associ. Prof. Masumi Tsuda

Laboratory ofReconstructive Surgery& Rehabilitation
Medicine

Hokkaido University Hospital
Lecturer Tomohiro Onodera

Laboratory of
Functional Soft Matter

Visiting Profs. from NIMS
Prof. Takashi Nakanishi
Associ. Prof. Takeshi Ueki

2-5-3. Three Policies of International Graduate Schoolhttps://life.sci.hokudai.ac.jp/en/sm/three-policies
Admission Policy
The Division of Soft Matter seeks students interested in integrating materials science and a wide rangeof life sciences, developing soft matter science, understanding the structure and function of living
matter from the viewpoint of materials science, designing and constructing advanced soft matter, andapplying their findings to other fields.
Master’s Program
The Division is especially seeking students who satisfy the following criteria:

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1. Students who wish to learn basic physics, chemistry, and biology and develop analytical andmanufactural techniques in the field of soft matter
2. Students who wish to acquire technical capabilities for advanced scientific research and havea strong intention to become educators, researchers, or research professionals in private firms.
Doctoral Program
The Division is especially seeking students who wish to acquire excellent analytical and discussion
skills and conduct original research in topics such as the hierarchy understanding of soft matter fromthe microscopic to macroscopic scales and its association with the principle of dynamic emergent
functions as well as designing and constructing advanced soft matter.
Curriculum Policy
The curriculum of the Division of Soft Matter reflects recent developments in soft matter researchand its associated societal needs. The curriculum policy is stated below.
Master’s Program
1. The Division offers an educational curriculum in which students can acquire both basic andadvanced knowledge in soft matter science. Through the practical training offered in the
Division, students should be able to contribute as researchers or technicians in the field ofsoft matter science.
2. The Division offers training through which students can improve their English presentation
skills and global awareness.
Doctoral Program
1. The Division offers an educational curriculum in which students can acquire essential skills
to conduct original and highly advanced research in the field of soft matter science.
2. Through the curriculum, students can gain a global perspective and become leaders inresearch and development activities in the field of soft matter science.

Diploma Policy
The Division confers a master’s and doctor’s degree on students who enroll in the graduate schoolfor a designated period, receive appropriate research supervision, obtain required credits, andfurthermore, have gained the knowledge and skills as stated below.

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Master’s Program
1. Comprehensive knowledge of soft matter science in general and its potential applications
2. Technical capability to conduct advanced scientific research
3. Communication and presentation skills of an international standard
Doctoral Program
1. Comprehensive knowledge of life sciences, research planning ability, analytical ability, andapplication development ability for conducting research independently
2. The ability to lead research and development in the field of advanced soft matter science
2-5-4. Implementation System for Selecting New Students
Division of Soft Matter, Faculty of Life Science
・Enrollment Period:
Two times each year: April and October・Type of Selection Test:
Master’s Program General Selection, Special Selection for International Students.
Doctoral Course General Selection, Special Selection for International Students, Special Selection
for Working Adults.
When selecting international students, applications are made online and interviews are conductedby e-mail and video conferencing to make the process easier for overseas students.
・Application Period:
Master’s Program First recruitment (August), Fall Recruitment (October), Second Recruitment(January)
Doctoral Program First Recruitment (August), Second Recruitment (January)・Student Acceptance Status:
A two-step process is adopted for selecting students. In the first step, students contact the professors
directly. The professors will make a prescreening according to their background, academic transcripts,
and research achievements through e-mail and internet interview. Then, the professors will recommend
the selected students to apply for the graduate school. In the second step, a selection committee
consisting of at least three faculty members including members from different laboratories will selectthe applicants who passed the prescreening. The percentage of successfully enrolled students (2018and 2019) in relative to the total pre-consulted students is approximately in the range of 28~64%.

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Master’s Course (capacity:16 students)
AcademicYear

Pre-consulted
Students

Applicants

Enrolled
Students

Enrolled out of
Pre-consulted

2018

48
(16)

32
(9)

31
(9)

64.5%

2019

43
(19)

24
(8)

21
(6)

48.8%

2020

37
(14)

26
(8)

22
(7)

48.6%

Doctor’s Course (capacity: 6 students)
AcademicYear

Pre-consulted
Students

Applicants

Enrolled
Students

Enrolled out of
Pre-consulted

2018

35
(25)

10
(5)

10
(5)

28.5%

2019

23
(15)

8
(5)

8
(5)

34.8%

2020

42
(36)

10
(6)

10
(6)

14.3%

*: Parentheses indicate international students.
In the master’s program, for a maximum capacity of 16 students, the average sufficiency rate forthe last three years was 146% and the rate of international students was 25%. In the doctoral
program, for a maximum capacity of 6 students, the average sufficiency rate for the past three
years was 133% and the rate of international students was 48%. In this way, as an international
graduate school, it has become an educational environment where both international students andJapanese can study together. In the entrance examination selection frame “Special selection forinternational students,” the government-sponsored foreign student priority allocation program(MEXT scholarship) is used to select excellent international students.
2-5-5. Class Subject
Master’s Program
Specialized Subject
Soft Matter Science Research
Soft Matter Science Paper Reading I (Reading)Soft Matter Science Paper Reading II (Writing)Soft Matter Science Training73

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Introduction to Soft Matter Science
Advanced Theory of Soft Matter Physics (Continuum Mechanics)
Special Lecture on Soft Matter Physics (Polymer Physics)
Soft Matter Physics (Non-Linear Phenomenon)
Special Lecture on Soft Matter Analysis (Soft Matter Structural Analysis)
Special Lecture on Soft Matter Analysis (Spectroscopy)
Soft Matter Molecular Science (Polymer Chemistry)Soft Matter Molecular Science (Supramolecular Chemistry)Special Course on Soft Matter Design (Biological Engineering)
Advanced Soft Matter Design (Informatics)
Special Course on Soft Matter Medical Engineering (Introduction to Soft Matter Basic
Medicine)
Soft Matter Medical Engineering Special Course (Introduction to Regenerative Medicine
and Clinical Medicine)Soft Matter Medical Engineering (Mechanobiology)
Doctoral Program
Specialized Subject
Soft Matter Science Special Research・Research Subjects
Soft Matter Science Paper Reading
International Joint Research Proposal Exercise
Small-Group Discussion-Type Training Program
・Internationalization Subjects
Doctoral Students’ Overseas Research
Oral Presentation at International Conference
International Research Meeting Planning Program
・Career practice Subjects
Step-up Career Development for Graduate Students
Researches for Doctoral Students’ Career Development
2-5-6. International Education Activities
International Soft Matter Summer School 2017
The International Soft Matter Summer School “From single molecules to materials” was held for two
weeks from July 30th to August 11th. The first week was in Otaki Seminar House, and the second week
was in Sapporo campus. The summer school was organized by GSS in conjunction with the Hokkaido
Summer Institute (HSI). The program was coordinated by three GSS members, Dr. Michael Rubinstein

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from the University of Duke, Dr. Costantino Creton from ESPCI Paris, and Dr. Jian Ping Gong from
Hokkaido University. 13 world-leading scientists were invited as lecturers to give 32 interdisciplinarylectures, covering chemistry & materials, dynamics & rheology, polymer physics, mechanics, and lipid
membranes, were provided. Beside All of the 32 lectures were archived for sharing with other students.
57 graduate students and 19 young researchers, including 3 from USA, 19 from Europe, 15 from Asia,
2 from Oceania and 15 from other universities of Japan participated the summer school. Active
learning is adopted. Specifically, students are divided into 8 groups, and each group was assigned asmall project. 2-3 young researchers as mentors and several lecturers as consultants helped the students
for the projects. Students presented their project at the presentation session on the last day of the school.
Through the project, students could discuss and think deeper about concepts related to different
subjects presented in the lectures.
Besides, poster sessions were held, and two poster prizes were awarded by the Soft Matter, Royal
Society of Chemistry.
https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gss/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Soft-Matter-Summer-Schooledited-Kat.pdf

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World-leading scientists lecturing the participants.

Poster sessions were held on July 30th and August 1st.

Students working on an assigned task (left) and giving a presentation (right).

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Some of the attendees of the Soft Matter Summer School and the HSI course with Mt. Showa-shinzan
in the background.
Summer Institute 2019As a Hokkaido Summer Institute 2019 course, “Soft Interface & Soft Mechanics (Polymer Physics)”
hosted 12 students including overseas students and a total of 17 audience members. The course wastaught over two weeks by four members of GSS: Dr. Jian Ping Gong and Dr. Tasuku Nakajima(Hokkaido University), Dr. Wei Hong (Iowa State University/Southern University of Science andTechnology), and Dr. Cécile Monteux (ESPCI Paris). The first week focused on physical properties ofsoft matter interface/surface and the second week deepened the knowledge on mechanics of soft matter.
https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gss/wp-content/uploads/HSI2019.pdf

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Students International Exchange
Students international exchange have been actively performed. Students from HU are sent touniversities of the France unit and US unit for collaboration. Students from universities of US unit
members and other overseas universities are also actively accepted. Each year, one graduate student
from ESPCI Paris is accepted.
List of HU Students Overseas Dispatch (excluding academic conference participation)
No.
Student
Host University
PeriodTaiki Fukuda
ESPCI Paris,2017.2.20~3.19
1MCFranceKohei Murakawa
ESPCI Paris,
2018.1.10~2.10
2MCFranceTakahiro Matsuda
Duke University,
2018.2.15~24
3
DCUSA
Ye Zhang
Johnson Matthey Technology
2018.3.17~22
4MCCentre, UK
Takahiro Matsuda
DSM,
2018.9.13~3.19
5DC
Netherlands
Martin Frauenlob
International Centre for2018.9.24~28
6DC
Mechanical Sciences, Udine,
Italy
Tsuyoshi Okumura
Discover English, Melbourne,
2019.2.25~3.8
7MC
Australia
List of Overseas Special Research Student
No.
Student
University
Agathe Mocellin
ESPCI Paris,
1
MC
FranceJulie BrunESPCI Paris,
2
MC
FranceDavid Delgado
Northwestern University
3
DCUSA
Lei WuZhejiang University,
4
MC
China
Yuki MeierETH Zürich,
5
MC
Swiss
Jiunn Hong Po
ESPCI Paris,
6
MC
FranceVincent van der Doef
University of Wageningen,
7
MC
Netherlands

Period2017.5.1~8.31(4 months)
2018.5.1~7.31(3 months)
2018.10.1~2019.1.31(4 months)
2018.10.1~2019.1.31(4 months)
2018.10.1~2019.3.31(6 months)
2019.5.1~8.31(4 months)
2019.9.1~2020.2.29(6 months)

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List of Overseas Visiting Student
No.
Student
Christian Kessler
1
DC
Amber Marie Hubbard
2
DC

University
Dresden University ofTechnology, Germany
North Carolina State
University, USA

List of Overseas Short-Visit Student
No.
Student
University
Mingcong Liu
Cornell University,
1
DC
USA
Mengdi Hou
Shaanxi University of Science2MC& Technology, China
Quyang Yue
Shaanxi University of Science3MC& Technology, China
Mingwei Jiang
Tsinghua University,
4
MC
China
Jikun Wang
Cornell University,
5
DC
USA

Period2016.5.30~8.6(2 months)
2017.7.5~12.4(5 months)

Period2019.1.14~19
2019.8.4~7
2019.8.4~7
2019.11.18~25
2020.1.6~16

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2-6. Future Developments in Education
Here, we will discuss the future of the Division of Soft Matter in the Graduate School of Life Sciencefrom three perspectives.
2-6-1. Admissions
We have enrolled students beyond the capacities of Master’s course and Doctor’s course for the past
three years. However, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
has a policy to strictly manage the admission capacity at the level of each division of the graduate
school. This means that no matter how large the number and the quality of the applicants, we are unable
to accept more students than the pre-determined capacity. As we have a quite high number of applicantsfor the master’s course and doctor’s course each year, we need to implement a stricter entrance
examination and to admit the students within the pre-determined capacity.
2-6-2. Curriculum and Career Development
Education in the Division of Soft Matter is characterized by an emphasis on inter-disciplinary
knowledge, with broad and international perspectives on academic studies and the application of soft
matter. All classes are taught in English by faculties with a variety of backgrounds from different
departments and by invited overseas faculties. We will maintain and enforce diversity in our curriculum.
Furthermore, we will also
- encourage active learning and e-learning,- encourage the doctor’s course students to have more international collaborations,- provide more opportunities for students to study in guest laboratories abroad,- encourage overseas faculties to serve as sub-supervisors for doctor’s course students,- invite external reviewers for doctor degree defenses,- improve the English proficiency of students, etc.
2-6-3. Recruitment of Excellent International Students
Since the inception of the Division of Soft Matter, we have been very successful in recruiting excellent
international students. The percentage of international students was 25% for the master’s program and
48% for the doctoral program. Some of the international students are supported by MEXT Scholarships
through the International Graduate Program (IGP) in the Graduate School of Life Science. The current
MEXT Scholarship will finish in 2021. To maintain such a high percentage of international students,
we will need to apply for the MEXT scholarship after 2021.

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2-6-4. International Summer Schools
Through the activities of the GI-CoRE Global Station for Soft Matter, joint research and education
with overseas units in France and the United States has been steadily expanding. It has been agreed
with the three unit-leaders of GSS, that large-scale international summer school will be conducted
regularly in Japan, Europe, and the United States. The second International Soft Matter Summer
School was planned in the summer of 2020 in Cargese, France. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, thissummer school has been rescheduled to July 11th-23rd, 2022 in the same place. Between every 2~3
years of large scale international soft matter summer school, GSS will provides international soft
matter courses in Hokkaido Summer Institute (HSI).

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3. Administrative Framework
3-1. Management System at the Global Station for Soft Matter
The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) was established in
April 2014 as a faculty organization with the aim of promoting international collaborative researchand education that leverages Hokkaido University’s strengths and distinctive character. The GICoRE is positioned as an independent educational and research organization managed by the
President as its director. It brings together world-class researchers from around the world, within
Japan, and within Hokkaido University (HU), based on a new idea to invite the world’s highestlevel research units.
Under the concept of GI-CoRE, the Global Station for Soft Matter (GSS) was launched in April
2016 as the fourth global station of the project. Under the supervision of GSS Director, GSS has
promoted international collaborative research and education systematically together with leading
research units invited from overseas, rather than individual researchers. To strengthen and promote
the ongoing research network, GSS established the following three research project groups with
the US unit (including Duke University, etc.), and France unit (including ESPCI Paris, etc.); theMaterials Creation group, the Fundamentals group, and the Application group.
As such, activities are being driven successfully by a faculty-led management system.
3-2. Establishment and Improvement of Acceptance System/Environment
The uniqueness of the GI-CoRE framework has enabled GSS to invite 12 researchers from worldleading universities overseas to work jointly with the 33 HU faculties in fields related to soft matter,to promote international collaborative research and education. Especially in the management of
GSS, the following acceptance system has been functional.
1) Cross-Appointment System with Overseas Universities and Institutions
GI-CoRE introduced its own cross-appointment system with overseas universities and institutions
before the system implementation by the whole university. The cross-appointment system is to appoint
top-class researchers from overseas and domestic institutions at Hokkaido University, while keeping
their status at the host institutions and pay salaries to them on a pro rate basis in accordance with theactual number of days of the working period at Hokkaido University. This enables the world-wide
recognition of Hokkaido University as one of the centers of Soft Matter research and education. As aresult, GSS attracts many excellent students and young researchers from around the world.

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2) Cross-Appointment System to Participating Researchers of Hokkaido University
To utilize the existing research resources in the university, GI-CoRE has also applied the crossappointment system to participating researchers of Hokkaido University who conduct international
collaborative research and education and appointed them to positions both in their original departments
and in GI-CoRE. This enables collaborative research on biomedical applications based on thedeveloped hydrogel materials. This also enables the Division of Soft Matter to provide a multidisciplinary curriculum for graduate students.
3) Exemption from Administrative Tasks
To secure the academic environment and to allow for concentration on research, GI-CoRE overseas
faculty members are exempt from administrative tasks such as faculty meetings and admissions related
duties, etc.
Beyond these systems, GSS has also provided a good research environment and extensive educational
experiences to young researchers, which also led to the fusion of different research
fields/interdisciplinary collaboration with diversified departments through cooperation in the project.
Given the proven cycle, the effectiveness of the pilot systems has been gradually expanded to thewhole university and has begun to reinforce the university’s administrative function.
3-3. Administrative System at the Global Station
The GI-CoRE head office distributes staff members with study/work abroad experiences and has
established bilingual (English) administrative support systems. In order to support daily research andeducational activities conducted in the Global Station, two bilingual administrative staff have beenstationed in the station office. These on-site administrative staff are supervised by the GI-CoRE head
office.

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IV. Future Development of GSS
1. Structural Change of GSS from FY 2021
-

-

-

-

GSS will be internalized and absorbed into the Faculty of Advanced Life Science from FY2021.
Despite such a change to the structure, GSS will maintain its function as a highly independent
research-based hub through the collaborative research activities between the cross-appointed
overseas researchers and the Hokkaido University faculties.
On this occasion, GSS needs to further strengthen the collaborative research activities and its
financial basis. The members of GSS from both overseas units and the Hokkaido University unit
need to be carefully re-selected as those who can promote joint research, obtain external researchfunds, and publish their research achievements in leading journals.
To run a sustainable high-level research and education system for the next 10 years, GSS
requires a mechanism to stimulate more young faculty members to act as the core of thecollaborative research. Furthermore, as the current core members and PIs of GSS areapproaching retirement, GSS will need to seek young, talented faculty members as directors tolead the project within the next several years.
From FY2021, the two administrative staff in GSS office will be internalized into theadministrative office of the Faculty of Advanced Life Science. This will strengthen theircapabilities to handle educational affairs, and to collaborate with other administrative staff within
the department.

2. Budget and Research Funds--

As the first phase of the project period for GSS will end by FY2020 and the management of GSS
will be passed on to the Faculty of Advanced Life Science, it affects GSS's budget.
Upon the internalization, the budget will be incorporated as the university’s ordinary budget,
therefore, it will be funded constantly, but the amount may be decreased by approximately 50%of the former amount.
To maintain the ongoing activities, besides the grant from the Japanese government, GSS
members need to make efforts to obtain external funds from various sources. It is essential toobtain competitive grants constantly not only from national sources such as grants-in-aid forscientific research but also from other sources including private sectors through active
collaboration with industry, donations, etc.

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3. Detailed Activities Planned-

To further strengthen and promote joint research with overseas universities and institutes, GSS
has the following plans as core areas of research to be developed in the near future.
Stimulating young faculties to be the core of joint collaborations,
Promoting more collaborations with industries and contribute to society,
Organize international symposiums on soft matter,
Establish a world-wide network on soft matter research and education,
Participating international collaborative projects for research and education. DoDeNet(sponsored by EU Horizon 2020 program) and Monet (https://monet.duke.edu/the-team/,sponsored by NSF, USA) are two undergoing international projects that GSS members are
participating. GSS will continue to actively organize and participate in such international
projects.
Organizing international summer schools regularly in Japan, Europe and US. The next twoweeks large summer school (seats: ~100) will be held in 2022 in France.
Three GSS members are participating as PIs in the WPI-ICReDD project at Hokkaido
University established in 2018, focusing on “Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery”. GSS
will actively attract members in these PIs’ groups in WPI-ICReDD for collaborative research,which will greatly enrich the activities of GSS.
GSS will also actively collaborate with WPI-ICReDD on education through the
MANABIYA system. The MANABIYA system aims to foster a new generation of researchers
proficient in the three fields of computational, information and experimental science and todevelop the new interdisciplinary academic field of “Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery”
worldwide.

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Appendices
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Appendix E
Appendix F
Appendix G

Highlighted Research Progress
List of International and Domestic Institutions with Joint Publications
List of Publications, Verbal Presentations, Patents
Selected List of Awards
List of External Grants
List of GSS Seminars
List of Science Outreach86

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Appendix A Highlighted Research ProgressContents
Target A Bio-inspired Design and Development of Novel Functional Hydrogels ......................... 8800
A-1. Building Block Design and Polymer Sequence Control .......................................................... 89
00
1.
2.

90
Poly(cation-adj-) Hydrogels with Precisely Controlled Sequence for Marine Adhesives 00
91
Instant Thermal Stiffening Hydrogels Inspired by Protein of Thermophiles ........................ 00

A-2. Design of Supramolecular Structures ...................................................................................... 9200
94
A-3. Hydrogels with Hierarchical Structures ................................................................................... 00
95
A-4. Composite Hydrogels............................................................................................................... 00

1.
2.
3.

Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites ........................................................................................ 95
00

96
Macroscale Double Networks ............................................................................................... 00

Hydrogel/Metal Alloy Composites with Macroscopic Double Network Structure ............... 9700

A-5. Geometry and Morphology Design Inspired from Clingfish ................................................... 9900
A-6. Out-of-Equilibrium Hydrogels .................................................................................................100
00
1.
2.
3.

Hydrophobic Hydrogels with Fruit-Like Structure and Functions ........................................100
00

Memorizing-Forgetting Hydrogels ........................................................................................101
00
Self-Growing Hydrogels Inspired by Muscle Training .........................................................10200

Selected Publications for Target A ..................................................................................................10400

Target B Revealing Physical Principles of Multi-functional Hydrogels ........................................10500
B-1. Microelectrode Technique for Observation of Electric Potential Distribution in Hydrogels ..10500

B-2. Internal Damage in Double-Network Hydrogels Studied by Microelectrode Technique .......10600
B-3. Yielding Criteria of Double Network Hydrogels ....................................................................10700

B-4. Single-Chain Force Spectroscopy by Double Network Deformation .....................................10800
B-5. Elastic−Plastic Transformation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels from Biopolymers ..10900

B-6. Multiscale Energy Dissipation Mechanism in Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels ................11000
B-7. Delayed Fatigue Fracture in Self-healing Hydrogels with Hierarchical Structure..................11100
B-8. Theoretical Study on Fracture of Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites .....................................11300
B-9. Shearing-Induced Contact Pattern Formation in Hydrogels Sliding .......................................11400
Selected Publications for Target B ..................................................................................................11600

Target C Applying Gels as Multi-functional Biomaterials .............................................................11700
C-1. Tough Double Network Hydrogels as Artificial Cartilages ....................................................11700
C-2. Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Rapid Reprogramming Towards Cancer Stem Cells ...................11800

C-3. Hydrogel/Elastomer Laminates for Stimuli-Responsive Actuators ........................................12000
C-4. Microfluidic Pressure Sensing Using Color Switching Hydrogels .........................................12100
Selected Publications for Target C ..................................................................................................12200

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Target A Bio-inspired Design and Development of Novel Functional
Hydrogels
For practical application of hydrogels, along with the high strength and toughness of hydrogels, otherfunctions, like self-healing, fatigue resistance, anisotropic function, adhesion, lubrication, etc., are also
required. Our strategy to integrating these functions is to learn from the nature. Compared with naturalhydrogels seen in biological soft tissues, synthetic hydrogels remain relatively simple in structure andinferior in function (Fan et al, Macromolecules, 2020).). After hundreds of millions of years of
evolution, biological soft tissues achieved structures with two unique characteristics. One is theirwater-containing structure. Most soft tissues contain 50-85% of water by weight. Hydrated structures
enable biological soft tissues to serve as a medium for dynamic biological processes. The other is theirelaborate structure, integrating features of multi-component, order-disorder, and hierarchical structures
ranging from the molecular to macroscopic scale. The fact that biological soft tissues contain a suitableamount of water to ensure molecular mobility and, at the same time, have elaborate structures is the
key differentiator that enables biological tissues to have sophisticated functions. In contrast, synthetichydrogels usually have an amorphous and isotropic structure. Therefore, there are great opportunities
to develop innovative synthetic hydrogels with superb functions by inducing super-structures
analogous to those present in natural hydrogels.
The strategy of this project is to design and develop new hydrogels based on features inspired bybiological systems. At the molecular level, we design monomers with specific functions to mimic
biomolecules like amino acids. At the nanometer scale, controlling the monomer sequence results insynthetic polymers that mimic biomacromolecules. At the submicron to micrometer scale, we cancontrol the network topological structure and self-assembled structure by intermolecular interactions,as in DNA or protein folding. Finally, at the macroscopic level, we design hydrogels with functional
geometries or morphologies, inspired by biological systems (Figure A-1).

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Figure A-1. Challenges and opportunities in the fabrication of bioinspired hydrogels at different
length-scales and their physical functions. Fan et al, Macromolecules, 2020.

A-1. Building Block Design and Polymer Sequence Control
Biological functions of proteins depend on their amino acid type and sequences. Specific amino-acidtype and sequences, even as short as two or three residues, can enable specific functions in the proteins.
Therefore, protein data provides a rich source for the molecular design of functional polymer materials.
For instance, adjacently located amino acids of cationic and aromatic residues have been found to play
critical roles in various physiological activities, including protein folding and binding of peptides tobilayer membranes. Such cohesion and adhesion caused by cationic–aromatic sequences provide an
attractive molecular design model to develop adhesive hydrogels or glues for application in saline
solutions or even marine environments.
However, there is a wide knowledge gap between the molecular design and development of materials,
as sequence-controlled polymer synthesis is still a central challenge and there are few efficient, scalable,
and cheap methods. For example, free-radical polymerization is a highly scalable and cost-effective
method, but this traditional one-pot technique usually does not permit precise monomer sequencecontrol, except for a few specific monomer combinations. In contrast, state-of-the-art polymerization
methods for precise control of monomer sequences are generally multi-step, have low product yield,
and are expensive.

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1. Poly(cation-adj-) Hydrogels with Precisely Controlled Sequence for Marine Adhesives
We discovered that a series of copolymers bearing adjacently located cationic and aromatic residuals,
hereinafter referred to as poly(cation-adj-) (adj is short for adjacent and  for aromatic monomer),can be synthesized in abundance by a traditional one-pot free radical polymerization of cationic andaromatic monomers at an equimolar ratio (Fan et al., Nature Communications, 2019). There are two
prerequisites for the formation of such poly(cation-adj-)s with precisely controlled sequences: astrong cation– interaction between cationic and aromatic monomers to form a complex in the
precursor solution, and the same reactive vinyl head (R1 = R2) of cationic and aromatic monomer pairs(Figure A-2). The application of this rule to diverse pairs of cation and aromatic monomers is studied
in this work. The poly(cation-adj-) series with adjacently located cationic and aromatic residuals is
water soluble and can form physical hydrogels in seawater. The gels are strong and self-recoverable,
exhibiting strong adhesion on various surfaces, especially on negatively charged surfaces, in seawater.
The aromatic groups are found to enhance the electrostatic interactions of their adjacent cationic
residues with the counter surfaces in a high ionic-strength medium that usually screens the electrostaticinteraction completely for common polyelectrolytes. This work opens a pathway to develop adhesives
for use in saline conditions.
Cation– complex-aided copolymerization provides a new route for the synthesis of sequencecontrolled polymers by simple free-radical polymerization. The synthesized polymers with adjacentcationic–aromatic sequences not only provide the foundation for the development of next-generation
underwater adhesives, but also give rise to new opportunities to study fundamental chemistry, such as
the electrostatic interactions under high ionic-strength conditions.

Figure A-2. Under sea water adhesion through bioinspired monomer design and polymer sequencecontrol. Adhesive hydrogels with an adjacent cationic-aromatic sequence. (a) Cation–π complex-aided
free-radical polymerization to synthesize poly(cation-adj-π) with adjacent cationic–aromaticsequences and its supramolecular hydrogel showing electrostatic adhesion in seawater. (b) Photos of a90

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poly(cation-adj-π) hydrogel and its under seawater adhesion. Fan et al., Nature Communications,
2019.
2. Instant Thermal Stiffening Hydrogels Inspired by Protein of Thermophiles
Conventional polymer materials soften or even flow above their glass transition temperature, Tg. In
contrast, many proteins form stable structures at elevated temperatures. For example, thermophiles andhyperthermophiles, kinds of extremophiles, can live in high-temperature environments (up to ~120 °C)
such as hot springs and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, owing to the thermal stability of their constitutive
proteins. These proteins are found to possess more charged amino acid residues, compared with thoseof animals living in normal environments. Nature uses the cooperative effects of hydrophobic
interactions and ionic interactions to gain thermal stability, since the strength of ionic interactions
increases with decreasing dielectric constant. Inspired by thermophile proteins, we developed novel
materials that undergo ultra-rapid, isochoric, and reversible switching from soft hydrogels to rigid
plastics at an elevated temperature by using poly (acrylic acid) gel containing calcium acetate (FigureA-3) (Nonoyama et al., Advanced Materials, 2019). By enhancing the electrostatic interaction inhydrophobic media at high temperatures, the hydrogels undergo significant spinodal decompositionand subsequent rubbery-to-glassy transition when heated to an elevated temperature without volume
change. Based on this thermal hardening mechanism, novel thermal- hardening materials can be
developed. This will substantially broaden the range of applications for polymeric materials, such as
thermo-activated protector.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

Figure A-3. Functions through bio-inspired monomer control. Thermophile protein-inspired hydrogels
that are thermally stiffened using cooperative effects of hydrophobic interactions and ionic interactions.
Nonoyama et al., Advanced Materials 2019.

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A-2. Design of Supramolecular Structures
With a precisely controlled sequence, biomacromolecules can assemble into ordered aggregate
structures, for example, the double helix structure of DNA and β-folding of proteins. In hydrogels,polymer aggregation can be used as a physical crosslinker to connect the polymers into a network.
Biomacromolecule-based hydrogels are typically crosslinked by the association of their well-defined
biopolymer segments. In contrast, the associated structures in synthetic physical polymers usually havea disordered structure. Efforts have been made to synthesize hydrogels with well-defined associatedstructures.
Supramolecular Double-Network Hydrogels
We developed supramolecular double-network hydrogels with high toughness, abnormally large linear
deformation, and self-recovery properties (Zhang et al., Advanced Materials, 2016). As the first
network, an amphiphilic triblock copolymer was employed to form a physical hydrogel (B gel) whichis hyper cross-linked by strong hydrophobic associations (micelles). As the second network, linear
polymers that form hydrogen bonding with the middle block of the amphiphilic triblock copolymers
were chosen. Specifically, the amphiphilic triblock copolymer consists of the hydrophobic end blocksof poly (butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) and a hydrophilic mid-block of poly (methacrylic acid) (PMAA),
PBMA-b-PMAA-b-PBMA, with weight-average degree of polymerization of 134-273-129. The
second network was linear polyacrylamide (PAAm). The amide groups on PAAm form hydrogenbonds with the carboxylic acid groups on the hydrophilic mid-block (PMAA). The hydrogen bonds
between the first and second network act as sacrificial bonds for energy dissipation. Such DN gels,having no chemical cross-linking, are named as B-DN gels (Figure A-4). This supramolecular doublenetwork hydrogel based on hydrophobic domains and sacrificial hydrogen bonds exhibits highmechanical performance in concentrated saline solution, making it a good candidate as a load bearing
material.
Stretchable and tough soft materials usually show non-linear deformation, while double networkhydrogels made from triblock copolymers as the first network (B-DN gels) exhibit an extra-ordinarily
large linear deformation up to sample failure in uniaxial tensile tests. We studied the underlying
molecular mechanism of such a unique behavior of the B-DN gels by in situ characterization of thenano-scale structure during tensile deformation. We found that regardless of the irreversible first
network rupture, the nano-scale deformation of B-DN gels keeps affine to the bulk deformation up to
sample failure, resulting in a linear stress-strain relation. This result reveals that the internal rupture of
the first network does not induce any local strain amplification, and the suppression of stressconcentration is due to the interplay of the hyper connectivity of the first network and the stress transfer
between the two networks by physical bonding. This result provides a path to design tough double
network gels with large linear mechanical responses (Ye et al, PNAS 2021).
By combining non-covalent DN properties and spin-coating, we successfully fabricated thin (thickness:
5-100 µm), yet tough (work of extension at fracture: 105-107 J/m3) and 100% self-recoverable hydrogel92

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membranes with high water content (62-97 wt%) at large sizes (~100 cm2). The excellent mechanicalproperties of these tough and thin gel membranes are comparable, or even superior to many biologicalmembranes. The in vitro and in vivo tests show that these hydrogel membranes are biocompatible, andpostoperative non-adhesive to neighboring organs. The excellent mechanical and biocompatible
properties make these thin hydrogel membranes potentially suitable for use as biological or
postoperative anti-adhesive membranes (Ye et al., Advanced Functional Materials, 2018).

Figure A-4. Structure and mechanical performance of double network hydrogel utilizing amphiphilic
triblock copolymer as the first network (B-DN gel). Upper left: Molecular structure and preparation
process of B-DN gel. Upper right: Demonstration of a thin B-DN gel membrane in deformation andflowing into a narrow capillary by sucking. Lower left: Abnormally large linear deformation of thehigh strength B-DN gel. Lower right: Demonstration of the excellent mechanical performance of BDN gel. Zhang et al., Advanced Materials 2016, Ye et al., Advanced Functional Materials, 2018.

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A-3. Hydrogels with Hierarchical Structures
Natural structural materials (such as tendons and ligaments) are comprised of multiscale hierarchicalarchitectures, with dimensions ranging from the nano to macroscale, which are difficult to mimic
synthetically. We developed a bioinspired, facile method to fabricate anisotropic hydrogels withperfectly aligned multiscale hierarchical fibrous structures similar to those of tendons and ligaments(Figure A-5) (Mredha et al., Advanced Materials, 2018). The method includes drying a diluted
physical hydrogel in air by confining its length direction. During this process, sufficiently high tensilestress is built along the length direction to align the polymer chains and multiscale fibrous structures(from nano- to submicro- to microscale) are spontaneously formed in the bulk material, which are wellretained in the reswollen gel. The method is useful for relatively rigid polymers (such as alginate andcellulose), which are susceptible to mechanical signals. By controlling the drying with or without prestretching, the degree of alignment, size of superstructures, and the strength of supramolecularinteractions can be tuned, which sensitively influences the strength and toughness of the hydrogels.
The mechanical properties are comparable with those of natural ligaments. This study provides a
general strategy for designing hydrogels with highly ordered hierarchical structures, which opens
routes for the development of many functional biomimetic materials for biomedical applications.

Figure A-5. Schematic illustration of DCC (drying in confined conditions) method for creating
perfectly aligned fibrous alginate hydrogels with hierarchical superstructures. Mredha et al.,Advanced Materials, 2018.

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A-4. Composite Hydrogels
1. Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites
Tough hydrogels have shown strong potential as structural biomaterials. These hydrogels alone,
however, possess limited mechanical properties (such as low modulus) when compared to some loadbearing tissues, e.g., ligaments and tendons. Ligaments are unique wet biological tissues with hightensile modulus and fracture stress, yet high bending flexibility. Developing hydrogel composites withhigh stiffness fabrics is a strategy to develop ligament-like biomaterials. The most challenging issue to
produce such hydrogel composites is how to form a structure that can transfer the force from the fabricto the hydrogel matrix, as common hydrogels swell in water and interact poorly with solid components.
We succeeded to produce extraordinarily tough ligament-like hydrogel composites by strategicallyutilizing polyampholyte hydrogels (PA gels) (Huang et al., Advanced Functional Materials, 2017).
The PA gels, developed by our group several years ago (Sun et al., Nature Materials, 2013), are not
only very soft and tough, but also adhesive to glass surface. In addition, PA gels de-swell in water.
Owing to these unique properties of PA gels, the new ligament-like composites, consisting ofpolyampholyte hydrogels and glass fiber woven fabrics, exhibit extremely high toughness (250,000J/m2), high tear strength (~65 N/mm), high tensile modulus (606 MPa), and low bending modulus (4.7
MPa), while being composed of water-containing biocompatible materials. These excellent mechanicalperformances are obtained for the first time for water-containing materials, comparable to hightoughness Kevlar/polyurethane blends and fiber-reinforced polymers. Importantly, the mechanicalproperties of these composites greatly outperform the properties of either individual component.
The unique combination of soft, adhesive and tough properties of the matrices ensures a strong
component interface, which consequently maximizes the energy dissipation density and gives rise to alarge force transfer length enabled by the extremely high fiber/matrix modulus ratio. We have foundthat this design principle of combining adhesive, soft and tough matrix with rigid fiber is general fordevelop soft composites with extraordinary fracture toughness. In fact, recently we further developed
novel soft composites from the combination of viscoelastic polymers that are adhesive, soft, and toughas matrices and various rigid fiber (carbon fiber, Aramid fiber, glass fiber) fabrics. These softcomposites achieve toughness of up to 2500 kJ m-2 (Cui et al., Advanced Materials, 2020), evenoutperforming the toughness of PA gel/fiber composites.
Figure A-6 plots the specific fracture energy of materials as a function of specific strength. The fiber
reinforced soft composites are located in the upper-right corner of the plot, indicating an excellent
combination of high toughness and strength with low weight. The performances of the soft composites,
both the tough PA gel/fiber composites and viscoelastomer/fiber composites, are superior to all bestin-class industrial materials at present. These results demonstrate that fiber reinforced soft composites
made from adhesive, tough viscoelastic matrix could overcome the conflict between toughness andweight.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

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Figure A-6. Soft composites made from tough soft matrix (PA gels or viscoelastomers) and woven
fibers show higher specific strength and toughness than any existing materials. Huang et al., Advanced
Functional Materials, 2017, Cui et al., Advanced Materials, 2020.
2. Macroscale Double Networks
Based on the essence of double network hydrogels, macroscale double networks have been fabricatedby combining a rigid 3D printed grid within soft elastomer matrices. During deformation of a DN gel,the first network fractures sacrificially to dissipate energy, while the second network maintains theintegrity of the bulk sample. As shown in Figure A-7 (King et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces,2019), we can achieve these same responses at macroscopic length scales. We find that the importantcriteria guiding this process is the ratio of fracture strength of the reinforcing grid to the matrix. When
this ratio is nearly 1, the matrix possesses sufficient strength to break the sacrificial network without
prematurely rupturing the stretchable matrix. Internal fracture achieved through this process greatly
increases toughness. By utilizing this method, we were able to increase the work of extension by up to

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51%. Importantly, this method does not depend on material chemistry, and can be considered auniversal technique for improving the strength and toughness of soft materials.

Figure A-7. (a) Example of molecular scale networks, and (b) their analogous networks at themacroscale. (c) A schematic of a macroscale DN composite, with the important criteria defined. (d)Force versus stretch ratio curve of a macroscale DN composite, along with its neat components. Insets(i) through (vii) show the internal fracture process, and the corresponding location on the force versus
stretch ratio curve. King et al., ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019.
3. Hydrogel/Metal Alloy Composites with Macroscopic Double Network Structure
Reinforcing hydrogels with a rigid scaffold is a promising method to greatly expand the mechanicaland physical properties of hydrogels. One of the challenges of creating hydrogel composites is thesignificant stress that occurs due to swelling mismatch between the water-swollen hydrogel matrix andthe rigid skeleton in aqueous media. This stress can cause physical deformation (wrinkling, buckling,or fracture), preventing the fabrication of robust composites. We introduced a simple yet versatilemethod to create hydrogel composites with a macroscale double network structure, by utilizing a rigid
reinforcing phase that can relieve stress-induced deformation (Figure A-8) (Takahashi et al.,Advanced Materials, 2018). A low-melting-point alloy that can transform from a load-bearing solidstate to a free-deformable liquid state at relatively low temperature is used as a reinforcing skeleton,
which enables the release of any swelling mismatch, regardless of the matrix swelling degree in liquid

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media. This design can generally provide hydrogels with hybridized functions, including excellent
mechanical properties, shape memory, and thermal healing, which are often difficult or impossible toachieve with single component hydrogel systems. Furthermore, this technique enables controlled
electrochemical reactions and channel-structure templating in hydrogel matrices. This work may play
an important role in the future design of soft robots, wearable electronics, and biocompatible functional
materials.

Figure A-8. Thermal response and thermal healing of composites from hydrogel-low melting point
alloy, the PUMA–LMA composites. a) Demonstration of shape memory based on the solid–liquid
phase transition of the LMA skeleton. b) Bending (solid shade) and tensile (hashed) moduli of thecomposite at low (25 °C, blue) and high (80 °C, red) temperature. c) Demonstration of thermal healingability at a strain ratio of ≈1.5. Inset arrows in (i) represent the broken points of the internal LMA
skeleton. d) Cyclic test curves of composite and pristine PUMA gels. e) Mechanical hysteresis loss
during loading and unloading testing at various strains. Takahashi et al., Advanced Materials, 2018.

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A-5 Geometry and Morphology Design Inspired from Clingfish
Looking beyond the microscale of biological systems, the structures in organisms also have complex
macro geometry and morphology, which affect their biophysical characteristics and enable specificbiological functions. Learning the relationship between such macroscale structures and corresponding
functions also provides us with design ideas and inspiration when designing functional materials.
Developing adhesives that work well on wet surfaces or underwater is a challenge, due to the existenceof hydration layers on surfaces. In nature, the endoparasite Pomphorhynchus laevis can swell its
proboscis to attach to the intestinal walls of its host. Inspired by the geometry of the adhesive discs ofclingfish, we presented a design strategy to obtain hydrogels with fast, strong, and reversible adhesion
underwater (Figure A-9) (Rao et al., Advanced Materials, 2018). We patterned hexagonal structureson the surface of a polyampholyte hydrogel, resulting in surface grooves that not only accelerate waterdrainage and prevent water trapping but also delay crack propagation during detachment. Furthermore,at the nanoscale, the dynamic bonds of the gel form reversible bridges at the interface, as well as
dissipate energy in bulk during deformation. As a result, the patterned hydrogels exhibited excellent
underwater adhesion on diverse substrates, including hard glasses, soft hydrogels, and biologicaltissues. This strategy of combining macroscale surface engineering and microscale dynamic bonds isapplicable to various tough hydrogels.

Figure A-9. Functions through macroscopic geometry and morphology control. (b) Photograph andoptical microscopy image of the surface structures on a polyampholyte (PA) hydrogel, and photographof patterned gels during debonding from a glass plate under water. Rao et al., Advanced Materials,
2018.

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A-6. Out-of-Equilibrium Hydrogels
1. Hydrophobic Hydrogels with Fruit-Like Structure and Functions
Normally, a polymer network swells in a good solvent to form a gel, but the gel will shrink if placedin a poor solvent. We discovered an abnormal phenomenon: some hydrophobic gels significantly swellin water, reaching water content as high as 99.6 wt% (Figure A-10) (Guo et al., Advanced Materials,2019). Such abnormal swelling behaviors in the nonsolvent water are observed universally for varioushydrophobic organogels containing omniphilic organic solvents that have a higher affinity to water
than to the hydrophobic polymers. The formation of a semipermeable skin layer due to rapid phaseseparation, and the asymmetric diffusion of water molecules into the gel driven by the high osmoticpressure of the organic solvent–water mixing, are found to be the reasons. As a result, the hydrophobichydrogels have a fruit-like structure, consisting of a hydrophobic skin and water-trapped micropores,
to display various unique properties, such as significantly enhanced strength, surface hydrophobicity,
and anti-drying, despite their extremely high water content. Furthermore, the hydrophobic hydrogels
exhibit selective water absorption from concentrated saline solutions and rapid water release at low
pressure, like squeezing juices from fruits. These novel functions of hydrophobic hydrogels will findpromising applications, e.g., as materials that can automatically take fresh water from seawater.
This work is a collaboration with members of the France unit.

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Figure A-10. Abnormal swelling of hydrophobic gels in water by formation of fruit-like structures.
Guo et al., Advanced Materials, 2019.
2. Memorizing-Forgetting Hydrogels
The ability for our brain to store memories is a dynamic process: unimportant details are spontaneously
separated and forgotten. By contrast, technologies developed throughout history to record information
usually depend on permanently modifying hard materials, such as inscriptions in stone or ink on paper.
This information cannot be erased without the use of a subsequent energy-intensive process. Creating
dynamic memory based on out-of-equilibrium processes of soft matter, similar to biological memorystorage, has never been realized.
We proposed a principle for developing dynamic memory from soft hydrogels with temperaturesensitive dynamic bonds (Figure A-11) (Yu et al., PNAS, 2020). The memorizing-forgetting behavior
is achieved through fast water uptake and slow water release upon thermal stimulus of polyampholytehydrogels. The forgetting time is proportional to the thermal learning time, in analogy to the behaviorof the brain, with an amplification coefficient determined by the ratio of cooperative diffusion
coefficients of the gel for shrinking at low temperature and for swelling at high temperature. The
memory is stable against temperature fluctuations and large stretching; moreover, the forgetting
process is programmable. This novel principle may inspire future research on dynamic memory basedon the nonequilibrium processes of soft matter.

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Figure A-11. Upper: Conceptual scheme of the dynamic memorizing-forgetting behavior from humans
to soft materials. Lower: Thermal learning and memory of PA gels. Yu et al., PNAS, 2020.
3. Self-Growing Hydrogels Inspired by Muscle Training
Today’s hydrogels can show different responses to diverse kinds of external stimuli; however, suchprocesses are related to transitions from one equilibrium state to another. In contrast, biological systems
utilize a different way to update themselves to adapt to environmental changes while in the out-ofequilibrium state. For example, muscles can autonomously grow or atrophy to adapt to theirsurrounding mechanical environment through metabolic processes. The development of real out-ofequilibrium hydrogels that possess adaptivity using metabolic-like processes is also a direction for the
next generation of bioinspired hydrogels. Recently, we have made significant progress on imitating a“metabolic” process in a synthetic hydrogel (Figure A-12) (Matsuda et al., Science, 2019). We showthat double-network hydrogels can be healed and even strengthened after repeated mechanical training.
In this system, the breakage of the network by mechanical stress is analogous to muscle damage, andthe monomers supplied from the external environment are analogous to nutrients in a biosystem used

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for the formation of a new network. This work is the first example of realizing continuous upgrades ofa polymer network under external stimuli with a muscle metabolism-like mechanism. Although thisapproach is still in its infancy, lacking the ability to remove waste as a biological metabolic process
does, it will motivate further research on fabricating more complex systems analogous to living matter.

Figure A-12. Functions inspired by muscle training. Self-growing materials based on mechanicaltraining of DN gels. Mechanical stress leads to covalent bond breakage that generates mechanoradicals,
and the mechanoradicals subsequently react with monomers supplied from the external environment
to form a new network and strengthen the gel. Matsuda et al., Science, 2019.

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Selected Publications for Target A
GSS members are indicated in bold.
1. Zhang HJ, Sun TL, Zhang AK, Ikura Y, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Ito O, Ishitobi H, Gong
JP, “Tough Physical Double-Network Hydrogels Based on Amphiphilic Triblock Copolymers,” Advanced
Materials, 28(24), 4884-4890 (2016).
2. Huang YW, King DR, Sun TL, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa, Nakajima T, Gong JP, “Energy-Dissipative
Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites,” Advanced Functional
Materials, 27(9), 1605350 (2017).
3. Takahashi R, Sun TL, Saruwatari Y, Kurokawa T, King DR, Gong JP, “Creating Stiff, Tough, and Functional
Hydrogel Composites with Low Melting Point Alloys,” Advanced Materials, 30(16), 1706885 (2018).
4. Ye YN, Frauenlob M, Wang L, Tsuda M, Sun TL, Cui KP, Takahashi R, Zhang HJ, Nakajima T, Nonoyama
T, Kurokawa T, Tanaka S, Gong JP, “Tough and Self-Recoverable Thin Hydrogel Membranes for
Biological Applications,” Advanced Functional Materials, 28(31), 1801489 (2018).
5. Mredha MTI, Guo YZ, Nonoyama T, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “A Facile Method to Fabricate
Anisotropic Hydrogels with Perfectly Aligned Hierarchical Fibrous Structures,” Advanced Materials, 30(9),1704937 (2018).
6. Rao P, Sun TL, Chen L, Takahashi R, Shinohara G, Guo H, King DR, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Tough
Hydrogels with Fast, Strong, and Reversible Underwater Adhesion Based on a Multiscale Design,” Advanced
Materials, 30(32), 1801884 (2018).
7. Fan HL, Wang JH, Tao Z, Huang JC, Rao P, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Adjacent Cationic-Aromatic Sequences
Yield Strong Electrostatic Adhesion of Hydrogels in Seawater,” Nature Communications, 10, 5127 (2019).
8. Nonoyama T, Lee YW, Ota K, Fujioka K, Hong W, Gong JP, “Instant Thermal Switching from Soft Hydrogel
to Rigid Plastics Inspired by Thermophile Proteins,” Advanced Materials, 32(4), 1905878 (7 pages) (2019).
9. Guo H, Nakajima T, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Creton C, Hong W, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Hydrophobic
Hydrogels with Fruit-like Structure and Functions,” Advanced Materials, 31(25), 1900702 (2019).
10. King DR, Okumura T, Takahashi R, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Macroscale Double Networks: Design Criteria
for Optimizing Strength and Toughness,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 11(38), 35343-35353 (2019).
11. Matsuda T, Kawakami R, Namba R, Nakajima T, Gong JP, “Mechanoresponsive Self-Growing Hydrogels
Inspired by Muscle Training,” Science, 363(6426), 504-508 (2019).
12. Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Gong JP, “Fabrication of Tough and Stretchable Hybrid Double-Network
Elastomers Using Ionic Dissociation of Polyelectrolyte in Nonaqueous Media,” Chemistry of Materials,
31(10), 3766-3776 (2019).
13. Yu CT, Guo HL, Cui KP, Li XY, Ye YN, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Hydrogels as Dynamic Memory with
Forgetting Ability,” PNAS, 117 (32), 18962-18968 (2020).
14. Cui W, King DR, Huang YW, Sun TL, Guo YZ, Saruwatari Y, Hui CY, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “FiberReinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance that Exceeds Metals,” Advanced Materials,
32(31), 1907180 (2020).
15. Fan HL, Gong JP, “Fabrication of Bioinspired Hydrogels: Challenges and Opportunities,” Macromolecules,
53(8), 2769-2782 (2020). (Invited review paper)
16. Ye YN, Cui KP, Hong W, Li XY, Yu CT, Hourdet D, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Molecular
Mechanism of Abnormally Large Nonsoftening Deformation in a Tough Hydrogel,” PNAS, 118(14),e2014694118 (2021)

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Target B Revealing Physical Principles of Multi-functional Hydrogels
B-1. Microelectrode Technique for Observation of Electric Potential Distribution
in Hydrogels
The spatial distribution of electric potential reveals important structural information of polyelectrolytehydrogels. We report, for the first time, the quantitative measurement of the local electric potential ofbrittle polyelectrolyte hydrogels using the microelectrode technique (MET) (Figure B-1) (Guo, et al.,Macromolecules, 2016). Given the solid-like nature of the hydrogels, the primary difficulty inapplying MET is making good contact between the microelectrode to the hydrogel. Poor local contact
substantially underestimates the potential. We found that by using microelectrodes with a tip wall
thickness less than the local Debye length, the Donnan potential of polyelectrolyte gel could be
accurately measured. Using a micromanipulator, the insertion process of the microelectrode isprecisely controlled, and the depth profile of electric potential in the hydrogels can be measured witha spatial resolution down to ~100 nm. From the spatial distribution of potential, the microstructure ofhydrogels both in the bulk and near the surface can be determined accurately, for samples ranging fromultra-thin hydrogels to heterogeneous layered structure composite gels. The MET established in thiswork provides a powerful tool for direct characterization of the spatial distribution of electric potentialof hydrogels.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

Figure B-1. Measurement of the electric potential distribution in a hydrogel and its application to a
multilayer gel. Guo, et al., Macromolecules, 2016.

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B-2. Internal Damage in Double-Network Hydrogels Studied by Microelectrode
Technique
Double-network (DN) hydrogels have attracted considerable attention owing to their uniquemechanism that enables extraordinary mechanical strength and toughness. Although the toughening
mechanism of DN gels, based on breaking the relatively stiff and brittle first network as sacrificial
bonds, is widely accepted, the microstructure and morphology evolution of the internal damage has
not yet been elucidated.
We employed the MET to study the internal fracture behavior of a pre-stretched DN gel under uniaxial
deformation (Figure B-2) (Guo et al., Macromolecules, 2019). This method gives structure
information at a scale larger than the probe size of ~200 nm in this study. The measured electric
potential distributions in re-swollen DN gels reveals stretch-induced anisotropy: the material issoftened more significantly along the tensile direction, possibly related to the coalescence of theinternal cracks in the first network. With increasing pre-stretch, the statistical distribution of potential
values changes from unimodal to bimodal, indicating the coexistence of minor damaged regions andthe major damaged regions. The volume fraction of the minor damaged region is predicted to decrease
with increasing pre-stretch, while the volume fraction of the major damaged region increases withstretch and reaches 0.72 in the hardening regime. The average distance between neighboring major (orminor) damaged regions along the tensile direction are almost constant at ~2 μm for the un-swollen
sample, independent of pre-stretch. Additionally, the microstructure of the transition region between
the necked and un-necked zones suggests that the damage initiates from the gel surface and thenpropagates into the depth.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

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Figure B-2. Loading curve of a typical DN gel under uniaxial elongation. Electric potentials measured
from different directions in reswollen DN gels after pre-stretching. Guo et al., Macromolecules, 2019.

B-3. Yielding Criteria of Double Network Hydrogels
Double network (DN) gels, consisting of interpenetrating brittle first and flexible second networks, are
known to be extremely tough and functional hydrogels. In a DN gel subjected to force, the brittle first
network widely breaks prior to the flexible network breakage. This process, called internal fracture,dissipates much energy and increases the energy required to fracture DN gels. Such internal fracture
macroscopically appears as yielding-like behavior. We investigated the relationship between the yield
point and the first network molecular structure of DN gels to deepen the understanding of the internal
fracture mechanism (Figure B-3) (Matsuda, et al., Macromolecules, 2016). To achieve this goal, we
synthesized DN gels with a tetra-PEG first network, which is known as a nearly ideal and well-defined
network gel. We have found the following yielding criteria: 1) the yield point of DN gels is determinedby the extension limit of the first network chains; 2) the yield stress (along the stretching direction) is
determined by the area density of the first network; and 3) the effect of the second network on the yield
point is negligible. This study gives us clear insight into the yielding and toughening mechanism of
DN gels. Additionally, the yield point is sometimes considered as the maximum allowable deformationof materials for practical use since materials undergo irreversible deformation at this point. Thus,
clarification of the yield point of DN gels, done by this work, helps in designing DN gels suitable forvarious applications.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

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Figure B-3. Left: (a) Tensile stress-deformation ratio curves of the as-prepared St-TPEG/PAAm DN
gels with various pre-swelling ratio of the first network α. (b) Highlight of the small deformation regionof (a). (c, d) Yield deformation ratio λy-tens and yield stress σy-tens dependence on α of the StTPEG/PAAm DN gels. Dashed lines are observed power-law relationships. Right: Schematic
illustrations for determination factors of (a) yield deformation ratio and (b) yield stress of DN gels.
Matsuda, et al., Macromolecules, 2016.

B-4. Single-Chain Force Spectroscopy by Double Network Deformation
Understanding the force-extension relation of a single polymer chain is one of the most fundamental
issues in polymer science. The behavior of a chain near the stretching limit is poorly understood dueto the experimental difficulty of reaching this state. We proposed a macroscopic method, termed“network force spectroscopy”, to extract a single macromolecule force-extension relationship from thestress-elongation dependence of the corresponding network (Figure B-4) (Indei et al., 68th Rheology
Meeting, 2020). The key to applying this principle is to have the corresponding network strands
strongly stretched without causing macroscopic failure, which is achieved by using the double-network
concept. The network force spectroscopy reaches single-chain tension significantly higher than thetension measured by atomic force microscopy. The macroscopic approach can thus be a facile andpowerful technique complementary to the nanoscale method.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

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Figure B-4. Extraction of force-extension relation of a single polymer chain (A) from stress-elongation
relation of the polymer network (B). The strong non-linear regime is indicated in yellow. Indei et al.,68th Rheology Meeting, 2020.

B-5. Elastic−Plastic Transformation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels from
Biopolymers
Hydrogels formed by polyelectrolyte complexation (PEC) of oppositely charged biopolymers, free ofany chemical additives, are promising biomaterials. We investigated the mechanical behavior ofhydrogels consisting of positively charged chitosan and negatively charged sodium hyaluronate (HA)at the charge balanced composition (Figure B-5) (Shi, et al., Macromolecules, 2018). These hydrogels
exhibit strong tensile strain and strain rate dependence. They are elastic-like, independent of the strain
rate at small strain, but exhibit plastic-like behavior above the yield point by showing a monotonous
decrease in stress. The cyclic tensile test demonstrates that these hydrogels exhibit small and quickly
recoverable hysteresis in the elastic-like region but large and partially recoverable hysteresis above theyield point. The stress relaxation experiment shows a plateau in the reduced stress followed by abrupt
fracture, and the time to failure decreases exponentially with increasing applied step strain. Suchelastic-to-plastic-like transformation of the biopolymer PEC gels is quite different from the behaviorof PEC hydrogels formed by oppositely charged vinyl-type synthetic polyelectrolytes due to thedifference in flexibility, charge density, and ionic bond strength of these polymers.
This work is a collaboration with members of the US unit.

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Figure B-5. Left: Mechanical behavior of HA/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) hydrogels at
the nominal charge ratio of HA/chitosan of 1.09. Right: A simplified illustration representing themolecular structure of a HA/chitosan hydrogel: a double-stranded network of oppositely charged
biopolymers. The entanglements between double strands and chain exchanges (bridges indicated bygray arrows) serve as crosslinks, contributing to the modulus of the hydrogel. The blue and red lines
represent oppositely charged chains. Shi, et al., Macromolecules, 2018.

B-6. Multiscale Energy Dissipation Mechanism in Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels
Understanding the energy dissipation mechanism that occurs during deformation is essential for thedesign and application of tough soft materials. We show that, in a class of tough and self-healingpolyampholyte hydrogels, a bicontinuous network structure, consisting of a hard network and a soft
network, is formed, independently of the chemical details of the hydrogels (Figure B-6) (Cui et al.,Physical Review Letters, 2018; Cui et al., Macromolecules 2020). Multiscale internal rupture
processes, in which the double-network effect plays an important role, are found to be responsible forthe large energy dissipation of these hydrogels. Specifically, we studied the strain-induced fracture in
tough and self-healing supramolecular gels, focusing on the underlying energy dissipation mechanism
and its relation to the structure. Supramolecular hydrogels composed of polyampholytes (PA) display
viscoelasticity and excellent mechanical properties, such as high toughness, high fatigue resistance,and self-healing, making them perfect candidates for this study. By combining a customized
extensional rheometer and time-resolved synchrotron radiation small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS),
we elucidate that these PA gels have a multiscale structure and the toughening results from asynergistic effect involving multiscale energy dissipation.

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Figure B-6. Multi-scale structure of polyampholyte (PA) hydrogels and illustrations of the multi-scale
fracture process of phase-separated gels that results in high toughness. Cui et al., Physical Review
Letters, 2018; Cui et al., Macromolecules, 2020.

B-7. Delayed Fatigue Fracture in Self-healing Hydrogels with Hierarchical Structure
Load-bearing biological tissues, such as muscles, are highly fatigue resistant, but how the exquisite
hierarchical structures of biological tissues contribute to their excellent fatigue resistance is not wellunderstood. We studied antifatigue properties of soft materials with hierarchical structures using
polyampholyte hydrogels (PA gels) as a simple model system (Figure B-7) (Li et al., PNAS, 2020, Li
et al., Science Advances, 2021). PA gels are tough and self-healing, consisting of reversible ionicbonds at the 1-nm scale, a cross-linked polymer network at the 10-nm scale, and bicontinuous hard/softphase networks at the 100-nm scale. We find that the polymer network at the 10-nm scale determines
the threshold of the energy release rate G0 above which the crack grows, while the bicontinuous phasenetworks at the 100-nm scale significantly decelerate the crack advance until a transition Gtran far above
G0. In situ small-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals that the hard phase network suppresses the111

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crack advance to show decelerated fatigue fracture, and Gtran. Such an antifatigue mechanism based onhierarchical structures not only gives important hints to understand fatigue-resistant behavior of biotissues with complex hierarchical structures, but also provides a design strategy for tough and fatigueresistant hydrogels, by forming multiscale network structures using noncovalent bonds as building
blocks.
This work is a collaboration with members of the France unit.

Figure B-7. Delayed fatigue fracture of self-healing PA gels with hierarchical structures.
(A and B) Shape of the crack tip for fatigue test under λmax = 2.94 (<λaffine) at 30,000 cycles (A) andλmax = 3.19 (>λaffine) at 100 cycles (B) for PA-30 as a representative. (C) Crack propagation length c asa function of cycle N at elongation ratio λmax = 2.94 and 3.19 for PA-30. (Inset) The geometry of thesample applied in the fatigue test. (D) Δc/ΔN as a function of λmax for gels dialyzed at various
temperatures Tdial. A transition for crack propagation from slow to fast mode is observed universallyat λtran ∼ λaffine for all of the samples. The comparison of λtran and λaffine is shown in Fig. 2D. (E) The
enlarged slow mode regime for Δc/ΔN as a function of energy release rate G. A linear relation Δc/ΔN= β (G − G0) at G0 < G < Gtran, is observed (as schemed in Inset). (F) Δc/ΔN as a function of G in a
log-log plot. Li et al., PNAS, 2020; Li et al., Science Advances, 2021

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B-8. Theoretical Study on Fracture of Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites
Through collaborations with the US unit, a mechanism describing the extraordinarily large force
transfer zone of hydrogel/fiber composites is proposed based on established fabric tearing theory,
which will enable the development of a new generation of mechanically robust composites based on
fabric (Figure B-8) (Hui et al., Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2020).
An upper-bound estimate for fiber/matrix modulus ratio in traditional fiber reinforced polymer (FRP)
composites is 100. Matrices made from tough elastic gels can have modulus approaching kilopascals
and increase this ratio to 107. We study how this extremely high modulus ratio affects the mechanicalbehavior of such fiber reinforced “soft” composites (FRSCs). We focus on unidirectional FRSCs withparallel fibers perfectly bonded to a soft elastic matrix. We show such composites exhibit the Mullins
effect typically observed in rubbers and double network (DN) gels. We quantify the size effect on themechanical properties by studying unidirectional composites consisting of finite length fibers. We
determine the stress concentration factors (SCFs) for a cluster of fiber breaks in this geometry andshow that there is a transition from equal load sharing (ELS) to local load sharing (LLS). We also
determine the mean strength and work of extension assuming fibers obey Weibull statistics. We discuss
the application of fracture mechanics to this emerging class of composites. We highlight similarities
and differences between FRSCs and DN gels. Based on our model, we propose the following design
criteria:(a) Use high strength fibers to increase energy dissipation.
(b) Fibers in short composites do not reach their maximum load bearing capability and toughness canbe compromised due to pull-out.
(c) Good interfacial adhesion to ensure effective load transfer.
(d) An ideal elastic matrix should be soft in small strains, but strain hardens rapidly at large strains.
These results will be important in the field of soft biological prosthetics, and more generally forcommercial applications such as tear-resistant gloves and bullet-proof vests.
These design criteria have been verified recently by tough composites made from viscoelastomers andfiber fabrics (Cui et al., Advanced Materials, 2020).
This work is a collaboration between members of the US unit and HU unit.

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Figure B-8. Upper: A composite of N parallel fibers (shaded) with length L bonded to a soft matrix(white) in a displacement-controlled tension test. Lower: Shapes of damage zone at different nominal
stress levels for different normalized fiber lengths. Solids lines are the closed-form solution anddotted lines are the asymptotic solution. Hui et al., Extreme Mechanics Letters, 2020.

B-9. Shearing-Induced Contact Pattern Formation in Hydrogels Sliding
Biological systems display fascinating low friction properties, as found in human joints and eyes.
Friction-reducing processes in biological systems take place between water-containing soft tissues
intermediated by viscoelastic synovial fluid or mucus. Hydrogels are a class of material similar tobiological soft tissues, in terms of their water containing structure and softness. Hydrogels are therefore
useful as model substances to elucidate the low friction mechanisms of soft tissues as well as
biomaterials such as artificial cartilage and meniscus. Previous research has shown that hydrogels
exhibit very rich friction behaviors, in which solid friction and fluid dissipation coexist. The surface
chemistry, surface topology, bulk mechanical properties of the hydrogels, and the polymer lubricants
all play intertwined roles in the friction-reducing processes.
To elucidate the role of synovial fluid in these systems, hydrogel friction in polymer solutions havebeen studied previously. It has been found that the friction at low sliding velocity, at which theinterfacial interaction is the dominant mechanism, decreases with the polymer concentration in the
dilute and semi-dilute regimes, reaching a minimum value for a concentration around 10C*, and thenthe friction increases with the polymer concentration in the concentrated region. Here, C* is the overlap
concentration of the polymer solution.

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In situ observations of the contact of a hydrogel during the rotational shearing on a glass surface inconcentrated sodium hyaluronate (HA) solution was performed using a home-made optical system
based on the principle of critical refraction (Figure B-9) (Yashima et al., Soft Matter, 2019). Dynamic
contact patterns are observed for the first time and the patterns display periodicity in the circumferential
direction. The appearance time and character of the contact patterns are dependent on the polymer
concentration, the sliding velocity, the normal pressure, and the modulus of the gel. More concentrated
polymer solutions and higher sliding velocities produce contact patterns with finer characters. Higher
pressures and lower moduli lead to a quicker pattern formation. The results suggest that the instability
is related to the shear thinning of the HA solutions as lubricants of the soft hydrogels under rotational
shearing.
This work is a collaboration with the members of France unit and US unit.

Fig. B-9. HA concentration and normal pressure effects on the contact pattern at the hydrogel/glass
interface, observed 90 seconds after the beginning of the sliding motion. Gel modulus: 40 kPa; angularvelocity: 5.3 rad/s. Yashima et al., Soft Matter, 2019.

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Selected Publications for Target B
GSS members are indicated in bold.

1.

Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Fukuda Y, Hong W, Sakai T, Kurokawa T, Chung, U, Gong JP, “Yielding
Criteria of Double Network Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 49(5), 1865-1872 (2016).

2.

Guo HL, Kurokawa T, Takahata M, Hong W, Katsuyama Y, Luo F, Ahmed J, Nakajima T, Nonoyama
T, Gong JP, “Quantitative Observation of Electric Potential Distribution of Brittle Polyelectrolyte
Hydrogels Using Microelectrode Technique,” Macromolecules, 49(8), 3100-3108 (2016).

3.

Shi R, Sun TL, Luo F, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Bin YZ, Rubinstein M, Gong JP, “Elastic–Plastic
Transformation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels from Chitosan and Sodium Hyaluronate,”
Macromolecules, 51(21), 8887-8898 (2018).

4.

Cui KP, Sun TL, Liang XB, Nakajima K, Ye YN, Chen L, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Multiscale Energy
Dissipation Mechanism in Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels,” Physical Review Letters, 121(18),185501 (2018).

5.

Mai TT, Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Gong JP, Urayama, K, “Distinctive Characteristics of Internal
Fracture in Tough Double Network Hydrogels Revealed by Various Modes of Stretching,”
Macromolecules, 51(14), 5245-5257 (2018).

6.

Yashima S, Hirayama S, Kurokawa T, Salez T, Takefuji H, Hong W, Gong JP, “Shearing-induced
Contact Pattern Formation in Hydrogels Sliding in Polymer Solution,” Soft Matter, 15(9), 1953-1959(2019).

7.

Guo HL, Hong W, Kurokawa T, Matsuda T, Wu ZL, Nakajima T, Takahata M, Sun TL, Rao P, Gong
JP, “Internal Damage Evolution in Double-Network Hydrogels Studied by Microelectrode Technique,”Macromolecules, 52(18), 7114-7122 (2019).

8.

Li XY, Cui KP, Sun TL, Meng LP, Yu CT, Li LB, Creton C, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Mesoscale
Bicontinuous Networks in Self-healing Hydrogels Delay Fatigue Fracture,” PNAS, 117(14), 7606-7612(2020).

9.

Hui CY, Liu ZZ, Phoenix SL, King DR, Cui W, Huang YW, Gong JP, “Mechanical Behavior of
Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites,” Extreme Mechanics Letters, 35, 100642, (2020).

10. Cui W, King DR, Huang YW, Chen L, Sun TL, Guo YZ, Saruwatari Y, Hui CY, Kurokawa T, Gong
JP, “Fiber-Reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance that Exceeds Metals,”
Advanced Materials, 32(31), 1907180, (2020).
11. Haque MA, Cui KP, Ilyas M, Kurokawa T, Marcellan A, Brulet A, Takahashi R, Nakajima T, Gong
JP, “Lamellar Bilayer to Fibril Structure Transformation of Tough Photonic Hydrogel underElongation,” Macromolecules, 53(12), 4711-4721, (2020).
12. Cui KP, Ye YN, Sun TL, Yu CT, Li XY, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Phase Separation Behavior in Toughand Self-Healing Polyampholyte Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 53(13), 5116-5126 (2020).

13. Indei T, Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Takahashi Y, Kouznetsova TB, Rubinstein M, Craig SL, Gong JP,“Extraction of Polymer Chain's Force-Extension Relation from Stress-Strain Relation of Polymer
Network,” 68th Rheology Meeting, Oct. 21~23, 2020, Iwate University

14. Li XY, Cui KP, Kurokawa T, Ye YN, Sun TL, Yu CT, Creton C, Gong JP, “Effect of Mesoscale Phase
Contrast on Fatigue-Delaying Behavior of Self-Healing Hydrogels,” Science Advances, 7(16), eabe8210(2021)

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Target C Applying Gels as Multi-functional Biomaterials
C-1. Tough Double Network Hydrogels as Artificial Cartilages
Recent progress in developing tough hydrogels has made these highly water-containing materials
promising substitutes for soft supporting tissues such as cartilage and ligaments. However, bonding of
tough hydrogels to bone is a great challenge for such potential applications.
Double-Network Hydrogels Strongly Bondable to Bones by Spontaneous Osteogenesis
Penetration
Through collaborations in the Hokkaido University unit, we have developed a novel tough doublenetwork hydrogel that spontaneously bonds to defected bones robustly in vivo (Figure C-1)
(Nonoyama et al., Advanced. Materials, 2016). The osteointegration of the hydrogel is realized bymineralizing calcium-phosphate-hydroxide salt hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanospheres in the surface layerof the hydrogel. We discovered that the presence of HAp on the surface layer of the hydrogel induces
spontaneous osteogenesis penetration into the semipermeable hydrogel. A gel/bone hybrid layer ofaround 40 μm thickness was observed to give the robust bonding. The strong osteointegration of the
HAp/DN gel was due to the formation of a gel/bone hybrid layer at the interface with a gradientstructure. This study demonstrated that the HAp/DN gel enhanced osteointegration in the early stage
after implantation. The presence of nanoscale structures in addition to the osteointegration ability of
HAp promoted osteoblast adhesion onto the surface of the HAp/DN gel (Wada et al., Acta
Biomaterialia, 2016).
A recent study on using the isotope microscopy revealed that the mineralized HAp nanoparticles are
reutilized in the new bone formation (Nonoyama et al., submitted). This method to strongly bind thehydrogels to bones is simple and feasible for practical medical use. This work is groundbreaking forthe application of tough hydrogels as substitutes of soft supporting tissues connecting to bones, suchas cartilage, tendon, and ligament. Indeed, we have also applied this method to fix the anisotropic
tough double network hydrogel from fish collagen that have ligament-like properties, and we
confirmed the same spontaneous in vivo bonding to bone (Mredha et al., Biomaterials, 2017).
This work is a collaboration between inter-department members of HU unit.

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Figure C-1. Implantation and push-out test of HAp/DN gel on rabbit bone defect. Nonoyama et al.,Advanced. Materials, 2016.

C-2. Hydrogels as Scaffolds for Rapid Reprogramming Towards Cancer Stem
Cells
Cancer is the leading cause of death in developed countries, and more than 8.6 million people die fromcancer annually worldwide. Cancer tissues are composed of heterogeneous populations with somecancer stem cells (CSCs) and a majority of differentiated non-CSCs. CSCs have potential for selfrenewal, and they also give rise to differentiated non-CSCs in tumor masses. As CSCs are therapyresistant because of their slow growth rate, thus exhibiting dormancy, their ability to excrete
chemotherapeutic reagents outside the cells, and their enhanced protection against reactive oxygen
species (ROS), CSCs are therefore a priority as therapeutic targets.
Despite the importance of targeting CSCs, identifying these cells is extremely difficult, because they
are present only in small numbers in cancer tissue (reportedly comprising less than 0.0001% of cells
in melanoma). Several membrane proteins or cytoplasmic enzymes such as CD133, CD44, and ALDH
have been reported to be highly expressed in CSCs. However, clinical identification of CSCs in an
individual patient is not available to date because single expression of these proteins does not strictly
define CSCs. Thus, establishment of a rapid detection method of CSCs is required for further analysis.

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Depending on the character of the obtained CSCs, specific molecular targeted therapeutics can be used
for complete eradication of CSCs in practice.
Through collaborations in the Hokkaido University unit, we discovered that double-network (DN)hydrogels have the potential to rapidly generate CSCs (Suzuka et al., Nature Biomedical Engineering,
published online, 2021). By placing six human cancer cells onto DN hydrogels, sphere formations
were observed within 24 hours that expressed stemness markers including Sox2, Oct3/4, and Nanog.
These DN hydrogel-induced CSCs were highly tumorigenic in SCID mice. The DN hydrogels rapidly
modulated cellular gene expression and facilitated reprogramming of differentiated cancer cells
towards CSCs. In this process, hydrogel/calcium channel TRP/osteopontin axis played an essential
role in the induction of cancer stemness. The DN hydrogels could reveal CSC-specific expression of
the tyrosine kinase (TK) receptor, therefore suggesting possible eradication of CSCs by a TK inhibitor.
Thus, DN hydrogels are a powerful tool for detecting CSCs when analysing the molecular mechanismof cancer cell reprogramming, and they may importantly contribute to the discovery of reagents toeradicate CSCs.
We are now developing a rapid diagnostic system for cancer stem cells using DN hydrogels (FigureC-2). Cancer stem cells are therapy resistant and a main source of cancer recurrence. By using thehydrogels we developed, medical doctors can rapidly identify the cancer stem cells and determine thedrugs that can completely eradicate cancer cells, leading to better prognosis of the patients.
This work is a collaboration between inter-department members of HU unit.

Figure C-2. Rapid induction of reprogramming towards cancer stem cells on hydrogels and its
application for cancer diagnose at early stage and complete eradication of cancers. Suzuka et al.,Nature Biomedical Engineering, published online, 2021.

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C-3. Hydrogel/Elastomer Laminates for Stimuli-Responsive Actuators
The human body is composed of composite structures comprising water-rich hydrophilic domains andhydrophobic barriers. Similar in concept, combining hydrogels with elastomers has resulted inapplications ranging from stretchable electronics to actuators. We report a new method to combinehydrogels with elastomers through the use of a glass fiber (GF) fabric interphase (Figure C-3)
(Hubbard et al., Matter, 2019). The interphase plays two roles: it enables two chemically different
materials to be robustly bound, and it also dramatically increases the mechanical strength andtoughness of the composite. This general method enables the combination of hydrogels and elastomers
into one composite structure, with strong adhesion between phases without the need for specialty
chemical approaches. Maximum interfacial adhesion energies of ~1050 N m-1 between thepolyampholyte hydrogel and fabric and ~330 N m-1 between the elastomer and fabric were achieved,
approaching adhesion values in chemically bound soft materials. Due to the GF fabric interphase, thecomposite tearing toughness (143 kJ m-2) vastly exceeds the toughness of either neat soft component.
Furthermore, the Young’s modulus of the composite is high (~1.2 GPa) while the bending modulus of
the composite is low (~7 MPa), indicating a preference for bending rather than stretching. Throughcontrolled solvent exposure, these composites serve as actuators where the bending behavior can cycle
repeatedly, without delamination, while achieving curvature predicted by the Timoshenko theory. The
actuation stress reaches ~40% of human skeletal muscle, demonstrating that this mechanism hasapplicability towards artificial muscles. The method presented in this paper will facilitate the simple
fabrication of robust soft materials by merging the benefits of fabric-reinforced composites with thoseof hydrogel/elastomer composites.
This is a collaborative work between the HU unit and US Unit.

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Figure C-3. Photographs of the composite prepared with the PDMS elastomeric layer facing upward
and the PA hydrogel layer facing downward. The glass fibers are perpendicular to one another basedon the weave of the fabric. The composite exhibits reversible but opposite bending when exchange
between salt solution and acetone. Hubbard et al., Matter, 2019.

C-4. Microfluidic Pressure Sensing Using Color Switching Hydrogels
The widening applications of microfluidic devices have increased the need for reliable pressure sensing
in those systems. Pressure sensing in such small fluidic circuits, however, is complicated by specificchallenges stemming from the design of microfluidic chips. The lab-on-a-chip layout, first, requiresthat the sensor be fully integrable to the chip, and so most commonly to PDMS architectures. The
sensitivity of the sensor is a second challenge, given that the pressure changes along short fluid sections
can be minute.
Several methods have been proposed to overcome these difficulties, which rely on soft sensing
elements that deform under pressure. This deformation is then usually measured via electric methods(piezoelectric pillars, conductive liquid circuits, conductive inflating membrane). Such methods
require that the microfluidic chip is wired to external electrical apparatus, which may not be convenient.
We propose a fully chip-integrated optofluidic pressure sensor that enables local pressure
measurements along any microfluidic fluid path (Figure C-4) (Ducloué et al., in preparation). The
sensor itself is based on the compression of an underlying slab of photonic hydrogel, which changes
colour in response to the compression.
This is a collaborative work between the HU unit and France Unit. An international patent is filed.

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Selected Publications for Target C
GSS members are indicated in bold.

1.

Kitamura N, Yokota M, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K, “In Vivo Cartilage Regeneration Induced
by a Double-Network Hydrogel: Evaluation of a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Femoral Articular
Cartilage Defects in a Sheep Model,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 104(9), 21592165 (2016).

2.

Nonoyama T, Wada S, Kiyama R, Kitamura N, Mredha MTI, Zhang X, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T,
Takagi Y, Yasuda K, Gong JP, “Double-Network Hydrogels Strongly Bondable to Bones by
Spontaneous Osteogenesis Penetration,” Advanced Materials, 28(31), 6740-6745 (2016).

3.

Wada S, Kitamura N, Nonoyama T, Kiyama R, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K, “HydroxyapatiteCoated Double Network Hydrogel Directly Bondable to the Bone: Biological and Biomechanical
Evaluations of the Bonding Property in an Osteochondral Defect,” Acta Biomaterialia, 44, 125-134(2016).

4.

Mredha MTI, Kitamura N, Nonoyama T, Wada S, Goto K, Zhang X, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Takagi
Y, Yasuda K, Gong JP, “Anisotropic Tough Double Network Hydrogel from Fish Collagen and Its
Spontaneous in Vivo Bonding to Bone,” Biomaterials, 132, 85-95 (2017).

5.

Suzuka J, Tsuda M, Wang L, Kohsaka S, Kishida K, Semba S, Sugino H, Aburatani S, Frauenlob M,
Kurokawa T, Kojima S, Ueno T, Ohmiya Y, Mano H, Yasuda K, Gong JP, Tanaka S, “Rapid
Reprogramming of Tumour Cells into Cancer Stem Cells on Double-Network Hydrogels,” Nature
Biomedical Engineering, published online (2021).

6.

Hubbard AM, Cui W, Huang YW, Takahashi R, Dickey MD, Genzer J, King DR, Gong JP,“Hydrogel/Elastomer Laminates Bonded via Fabric Interphases for Stimuli-Responsive Actuators,”
Matter, 4, 674-689 (2019).

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Appendix B List of International and Domestic Institutions with Joint
Publications
Total 71 institutions (universities, research institutes, local government, companies, etc.)
North America (14)
Iowa State University, USA
University of Massachusetts, USA
University of North Carolina, USA
UC Santa Barbara, USA
Duke University, USA
Cornell University, USA
North Carolina State University, USA
University of Colorado Boulder, USA
National Institutes of Health, USA
University of California, USA
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
State University of New York, USA
University of Calgary, Canada
Lehigh University, USA

Europe (19)ESPCI Paris, France
PSL Research University, France
Sorbonne University, France
Paris-Saclay University, France
Pasteur Institute, France
Armand Trousseau Children Hospital, France
Assistance Publique – Hôpitaux de Paris, France
University of Bordeaux, France
Aix-Marseille University, France
Beckman Coulter France, France
Eurofins-Biomnis, Lyon, France
Newcastle University, UK
University of Stuttgart, German
Aachen University, German
University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech
University of Innsbruck, Austria
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Swiss
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
Weizmann Institute of Science, Israel

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Asia and Oceania (18)Zhejiang University, China
University of Science and Technology of China
Xi'an Jiaotong University, China
Southeast University, China
South China University of Technology, China
Dalian University of Technology, China
Southern University of Science and Technology, China
Southwest University, China
Northwestern Polytechnical University, China
Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
Huazhong University of Science and Technology, China
Beijing Institute of Technology, China
Inner Mongolia Normal University, China
Sogang University, Korea
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
University of Wollongong, Australia
The University of Sydney, Australia

Domestic Collaborations (total 12 universities and institutes)
The University of Tokyo, Japan
Osaka University, Japan
Kyushu University, Japan
Tohoku University, JapanTokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan
University of the Ryukyus, Japan
Kobe University, Japan
Gunma University, Japan
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Japan
Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Japan
National Museum of Nature and Science, Japan

Industry Collaborations (total 8)
Otsuka Chemical Co. Ltd., Japan
Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Ltd., Japan
Bridgestone Corporation, Japan
OmniSeq Inc., USA
Epizyme Inc. USA
Roswell Park Cancer Institute, USA
Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institutz, Iran124

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Appendix C List of Publications, Verbal Presentations, Patents(Project Period: April 2016- March 2021)
As of August 23rd, 2021

Contents
1) International Collaborative Papers............................................................................................... 126

2) Other Major Original Papers ....................................................................................................... 135
3) Review/Others ............................................................................................................................. 160
4) Books ........................................................................................................................................... 161
5) Verbal Presentations .................................................................................................................... 161
Plenary Lectures ..................................................................................................................................... 161
Keynote Speeches ................................................................................................................................... 162
Invited Lectures ...................................................................................................................................... 162

6) Patent Applications ...................................................................................................................... 169

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1)

International Collaborative Papers(peer reviewed original papers)- Among the papers with “* (asterisk)”, papers where “GI-CoRE” is stated as an affiliated institution are marked with“(1)”, and papers which mention “Hokkaido University” in the acknowledgements are marked with “(2)”.

1.
2.

Li XY, Cui KP, Kurokawa T, Ye YN, Sun TL, Chengtao Yu, Creton C, Gong JP, “Effect of Mesoscale
Phase Contrast on Fatigue-Delaying Behavior of Self-Healing Hydrogels,” Science Advances,14;7(16):eabe8210 (2021). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe8210 *(1)Cui KP, Ye YN, Sun TL, Yu CT, Li XY, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Phase Separation Behavior in Toughand Self-Healing Polyampholyte Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 53(13), 5116-5126, (2020). DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00577 *(1)3.

Cui W, King DR, Huang YW, Chen L, Sun TL, Guo YZ, Saruwatari Y, Hui CY, Kurokawa T, Gong
JP, “Fiber-reinforced Viscoelastomers Show Extraordinary Crack Resistance that Exceeds Metals,”
Advanced Materials, 32(31), 1907180, (2020). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201907180 *(1)4.

Delgado DE, King DR, Cui KP, Gong JP, Shull KR, “High-Fidelity Hydrogel Thin-Films Processedfrom Deep Eutectic Solvents,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(38), 43191-43200, (2020).
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c09618 *(1)(2)

5.

Yin HY, King DR, Sun TL, Saruwatari Y, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Polyzwitterions as a
Versatile Building Block of Tough Hydrogels: From Polyelectrolyte Complex Gels to DoubleNetwork Gels,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(44), 50068-50076, (2020). DOI:
10.1021/acsami.0c15269 *(1)6.

Venkata SP, Cui KP, Guo JG, Zehnder AT, Gong JP, Hui CY, “Constitutive Modeling of Bond Breaking
and Healing Kinetics of Physical Polyampholyte (PA) Gel,” Extreme Mechanics Letters, (2021). DOI:
10.1016/j.eml.2021.101184 *(1)7.

Kimura T, Suzuki A, Yang Y, Niida Y, Nishioka A, Takei M, Wei J, Mitomo H, Matsuo Y, Niikura K,
Ijiro K, Tono K, Yabashi M, Ishikawa T, Oshima T, Bessho Y, Joti Y, Nishino Y, “Micro-Liquid
Enclosure Array and Its Semi-Automated Assembling System for X-Ray Free-Electron Laser
Diffractive Imaging of Samples in Solution,” Review of Scientific Instruments, 91, 083706, (2020).
DOI: 10.1063/5.0008398 *(1)(2)8.

Irie T, Orias AAE, Irie TY, Nho SJ, Takahashi D, Iwasaki N, Inoue N, “Three-Dimensional Curvature
Mismatch of the Acetabular Radius to the Femoral Head Radius Is Increased in Borderline Dysplastic
Hips,” PLOS ONE, 15, 4, e0231001, (2020). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231001

9.

Irie T, Orias AAE, Irie TY, Nho SJ, Takahashi D, Iwasaki N, Inoue N, “Computed Tomography–BasedThree-Dimensional Analyses Show Similarities in Anterosuperior Acetabular Coverage Between
Acetabular Dysplasia and Borderline Dysplasia,” Arthroscopy, 36(10), 2623-2632, (2020). DOI:
10.1016/j.arthro.2020.05.049

10. Hui CY, Liu ZZ, Bain N, Jagota A, Dufresne ER, Style RW, Kiyama R, Gong JP, “How Surface Stress
Transforms Surface Profiles and Adhesion of Rough Elastic Bodies,” Proceedings of the Royal SocietyA, 476(2243), 20200477, (2020). DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2020.0477 *(1)(2)
11. Xiao R, Mai TT, Urayama K, Gong JP, Qu SX, “Micromechanical Modeling of the Multi-Axial
Deformation Behavior in Double Network Hydrogels,” International Journal of Plasticity, published
online, (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.ijplas.2020.102901 *(1)12. Ye YN, Cui KP, Hong W, Li XY, Yu CT, Hourdet D, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Molecular
Mechanism of Abnormally Large Nonsoftening Deformation in a Tough Hydrogel,” PNAS, 118(14),e2014694118, (2021). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2014694118 *(1)13. Nakajima T, Hoshino K, Guo HL, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Experimental Verification of the Balance

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between Elastic Pressure and Ionic Osmotic Pressure of Highly Swollen Charged Gels,” Gels, Special
Issue: Stimuli-Responsive Gels 2.0, 7(2), 39, (2021). DOI: 10.3390/gels7020039 *(1)14. Venkata SP, Cui KP, Guo J, Zehnder AT, Gong JP, Hui CY, “Constitutive Modeling of StrainDependent Bond Breaking and Healing Kinetics of Chemical Polyampholyte (PA) Gel,” Soft Matter,17(15), 4161-4169, (2021). DOI: 10.1039/D1SM00110H *(1)15. Shi YL, Li Q, Zhang Y, Wang GQ, Matsuo Y, Liang XG, Takarada T, Ijiro K, Maeda M, “HierarchicalGrowth of Au Nanograss With Intense Built-in Hotspots for Plasmonic Applications,” Journal of
Materials Chemistry C, 8(45), 16073-16082, (2020), DOI: 10.1039/d0tc04294c *(1)16. Oettmeier C, Nakagaki T, Döbereiner HG, “Slime Mold on the Rise: The Physics of Physarum
Polycephalum,” Journal of Physics D-Applied Physics,” 53(31), 310201, (2020), DOI: 10.1088/13616463/ab866c
17. Haque MA, Cui KP, Ilyas M, Kurokawa T, Marcellan A, Brulet A, Takahashi R, Nakajima T, Gong JP,“Lamellar Bilayer to Fibril Structure Transformation of Tough Photonic Hydrogel under Elongation,”
Macromolecules, 53(12), 4711-4721, (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00878 *(1)18. Li XY, Cui KP, Sun TL, Meng L, Yu CT, Li LB, Creton C, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Mesoscale
Bicontinuous Networks in Self-healing Hydrogels Delay Fatigue Fracture,” PNAS, 117(14), 76067612, (2020). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2000189117 *(1)19. Huang YW, King DR, Cui W, Sun TL, Guo HL, Kurokawa T, Brown HR, Hui CY, Gong JP, “Superior
Fracture Resistance of Fiber Reinforced Polyampholyte Hydrogels Achieved by Extraordinarily Large
Energy-dissipative Process Zones,” Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 7(22), 13431-13440, (2019).
DOI: 10.1039/C9TA02326G *(1)(2)
20. Guo H, Nakajima T, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, Creton C, Hong W, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Hydrophobic
Hydrogels with Fruit-like Structure and Functions,” Advanced Materials, 31(25), 1900702, (2019).
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201900702 *(1)21. Hubbard AM, Cui W, Huang YW, Takahashi R, Dickey MD, Genzer J, King DR, Gong JP,“Hydrogel/Elastomer Laminates Bonded via Fabric Interphases for Stimuli-Responsive Actuators,”
Matter, 1(3), 674-689, (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2019.04.008 *(1)22. Chen L, Sun TL, Cui KP, King DR, Kurokawa T, Saruwatari Y, Gong JP, “Facile Synthesis of Novel
Elastomers with Tunable Dynamics for Toughness, Self-healing and Adhesion,” Journal of Materials
Chemistry A, 7(29), 17334-17344, (2019). DOI: 10.1039/C9TA04840E *(1)23. Zhang HJ, Luo F, Ye YN, Sun TL, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, “Tough Triblock
Copolymer Hydrogels with Different Micromorphologies for Medical and Sensory Materials,” ACS
Applied Polymer Materials, 1(8), 1948-1953, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00395 *(1)24. Khiêm VN, Mai TT, Urayama K, Gong JP, Itskov M, “A Multi-axial Theory of Double Network
Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 52(15), 5937-5947, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01044 *(1)25. Murakawa K, King DR, Sun TL, Guo HL, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Polyelectrolyte Complexation via
Viscoelastic Phase Separation Results in Tough and Self-Recovering Porous Hydrogel,” Journal of
Materials Chemistry B, 7(35), 5296-5305, (2019). DOI: 10.1039/C9TB01376H *(1)26. Qiao L, Du C, Gong JP, Wu ZL, Zheng Q, “Programmed Diffusion Induces Anisotropic Superstructure
in Hydrogel with High Mechano-Optical Sensitivity,” Advanced Materials Technologies, 4(11),1900665, (2019). DOI: 10.1002/admt.201900665 *(1)27. Guo HL, Hong W, Kurokawa T, Matsuda T, Wu ZL, Nakajima T, Takahata M, Sun TL, Rao P, Gong
JP, “Internal Damage Evolution in Double-Network Hydrogels Studied by Microelectrode Technique,”Macromolecules, 52(18), 7114-7122, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01308 *(1)28. Cui KP, Ye YN, Sun TL, Chen L, Li XY, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Gong JP, “Effect ofStructure Heterogeneity on Mechanical Performance of Physical Polyampholytes Hydrogels,”
Macromolecules, 52(19), 7369-7378, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01676 *(1)127

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29. Tao Z, Fan H, Huang J, Sun TL, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Fabrication of Tough Hydrogel Composites
from Photoresponsive Polymers to Show Double-Network Effect,” ACS Applied Materials &Interfaces, 11(40), 37139-37146, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13746 *(1)30. Ye YN, Cui KP, Indei T, Nakajima T, Hourdet D, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Relaxation Dynamics andUnderlying Mechanism of a Thermally Reversible Gel from Symmetric Triblock Copolymer,”
Macromolecules, 52(22), 8651-8661, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01856 *(1)31. Nonoyama T, Lee YW, Ota K, Fujioka K, Hong W, Gong JP, “Instant Thermal Switching from Soft
Hydrogel to Rigid Plastics Inspired by Thermophile Proteins,” Advanced Materials, 32(4), 1905878,(2019). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201905878 *(1)(2)
32. Hui CY, Liu ZZ, Phoenix SL, “Size Effect on Elastic Stress Concentrations in Unidirectional Fiber
Reinforced Soft Composites,” Extreme Mechanics Letters, 33, 100573, (2019). DOI:
10.1016/j.eml.2019.100573 *(1)33. Guo HL, Uehara Y, Matsuda T, Kiyama R, Li L, Ahmed J, Katsuyama Y, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T,“Surface Charges Dominated Protein Adsorption on Hydrogels,” Soft Matter, 16(7), 1897-1907,(2020). DOI: 10.1039/C9SM01999E *(1)34. Hui CY, Liu ZZ, Phoenix SL, King DR, Cui W, Huang YW, Gong JP, “Mechanical Behavior of
Unidirectional Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites,” Extreme Mechanics Letters, 35, 100642, (2020).
DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2020.100642 *(1)35. Matsuo J, Kikukawa T, Fujisawa T, Hoff WD, Unno M, “‘Watching’ a Molecular Twist in a Protein
by Raman Optical Activity,” Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, 11(20), 8579-8584, (2020). DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpclett.0c02448 *(1)36. Irie T, Orias AAE, Irie TY, Nho SJ, Takahashi D, Iwasaki N, Inoue N, “Three-Dimensional Hip Joint
Congruity Evaluation of the Borderline Dysplasia: Zonal-Acetabular Radius of Curvature,” Journal of
Orthopaedic Research, 38(10), 2197-2205, (2020). DOI: 10.1002/jor.24631
37. Yanagi T, Kitamura S, Imafuku K, Suto A, Maeda T, Tanaka S, Sesaki H, Abe R, Shimizu H, “Loss of
Dynamin-Related Protein 1 (Drp1) Does Not Affect Epidermal Development or UVB-Induced
Apoptosis but Does Accelerate UVB-Induced Carcinogenesis,” Journal of Dermatological Science,99(2), 109-118, (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2020.06.009
38. Poncet P, Aizawa T, Sénéchal H, “The Subtype of Cupressaceae Pollinosis Associated with Pru P 7
Sensitization Is Characterized by a Sensitization to a Cross-Reactive Gibberellin-Regulated Protein in
Cypress Pollen: BP14,” Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 49(8), 1163-1166, (2019). DOI:
10.1111/cea.13418
39. Iizuka A, Kajimoto K, Fujisawa T, Tsukamoto T, Aizawa T, Kamo N, Jung K, Unno M, Demura M,
Kikukawa T, “Functional Importance of the Oligomer Formation of the Cyanobacterial H+ Pump
Gloeobacter Rhodopsin,” Scientific Reports, 9(1), 10711, (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47178-5*(1)40. Penkhrue W, Jendrossek D, Khanongnuch C, Pathom-aree W, Aizawa T, Behrens RL, Lumyong S,“Response Surface Method for Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) Bioplastic Accumulation in Bacillus
Drentensis BP17 Using Pineapple Peel,” PLOS One, 15(3), e0230443, (2020). DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0230443 *(1)41. Mizutani Y, Kobayashi H, Iida T, Asai N, Masamune A, Hara A, Esaki N, Ushida K, Mii S, Shiraki Y,
Ando K, Weng L, Ishihara D, Ponik SM, Conklin MW, Haga H, Nagasaka A, Miyata M, Matsuyama
M, Kobayashi T, Fujii T, Yamada S, Yamaguchi J, Wang T, Woods SL, Worthley D, Shimamura T,
Fujishiro M, Hirooka Y, Enomoto A, Takahashi M, “Meflin-Positive Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts
Inhibit Pancreatic Carcinogenesis,” Cancer Research, 79(29), 5367, (2019). DOI: 10.1158/00085472.CAN-19-0454
42. Grieve S, Brunner F, Buckle L, Gobeil F, Hirata H, Iwasaki N, Moseley L, Sousa G, Vatine JJ,
Vaughan-Spickers N, Xu JJ, McCabe C, “A Multi-Centre Study to Explore the Feasibility andAcceptability of Collecting Data for Complex Regional Pain Syndrome Clinical Studies Using a Core128

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Measurement Set: Study Protocol,” Musculoskeletal Care, 17(3), 249-256, (2019). DOI:
10.1002/msc.1408
43. Rao P, Sun TL, Chen L, Takahashi R, Shinohara G, Guo H, King DR, Kurokawa T, Gong JP,“Tough Hydrogels with Fast, Strong, and Reversible Underwater Adhesion Based on a MultiScale Design,” Advanced Materials, 30(32), 1801884, (2018). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201801884 *(1)(Top 10% paper)
44. Kolvin I, Kolinski JM, Gong JP, Fineberg J, “How Supertough Gels Break,” Physical Review Letters,
121(13), 135501, (2018). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.135501 *(1)45. Cui KP, Sun TL, Liang XB, Nakajima K, Ye YN, Chen L, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Multiscale Energy
Dissipation Mechanism in Tough and Self-Healing Hydrogels,” Physical Review Letters, 121(18),185501, (2018). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.185501 *(1)46. Shi R, Sun TL, Luo F, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Bin YZ, Rubinstein M, Gong JP, “Elastic–Plastic
Transformation of Polyelectrolyte Complex Hydrogels from Chitosan and Sodium Hyaluronate,”
Macromolecules, 51(21), 8887-8898, (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01658 *(1)47. Yashima S, Hirayama S, Kurokawa T, Salez T, Takefuji H, Hong W, Gong JP, “Shearing-induced
Contact Pattern Formation in Hydrogels Sliding in Polymer Solution,” Soft Matter, 15(9), 1953-1959,(2019). DOI: 10.1039/C8SM02428F *(1)48. Sénéchal H, Keykhosravi S, Couderc R, Selva MA, Shahali Y, Aizawa T, Busnel JM, Arif R, Mercier
I, Pham-Thi N, Charpin DA, Poncet P, “Pollen/Fruit Syndrome: Clinical Relevance of the Cypress
Pollen Allergenic Gibberellin-Regulated Protein,” Allergy, Asthma & Immunology Research, 11(1),143-151, (2018). DOI: 10.4168/aair.2019.11.1.143 *(1)49. Geng X, Dai G, Chao L, Wen D, Kikukawa T, Iwasa T, “Two Consecutive Polar Amino Acids at theEnd of Helix E Are Important for Fast Turnover of the Archaerhodopsin Photocycle,” Photochemistry
and Photobiology, 95(4), 980-989, (2019). DOI: 10.1111/php.13072 *(1)50. Acebedo AR, Suzuki K, Hino S, Alcantara MC, Sato Y, Haga H, Matsumoto K, Nakao M, Shimamura
K, Takeo T, Nakagata N, Miyagawa S, Nishinakamura R, Adelstein RS, Yamada G, “Mesenchymal
Actomyosin Contractility Is Required for Androgen-Driven Urethral Masculinization in Mice,”
Communications Biology, 2, 95, (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0336-3
51. Wang G, Liu Y, Gao C, Guo L, Chi M, Ijiro K, Maeda M, Yin Y, “Island Growth in the Seed-MediatedOvergrowth of Monometallic Colloidal Nanostructures,” Chem, 3(4), 678-690, (2018). DOI:
10.1016/j.chempr.2017.08.004
52. Whitfield CJ, Little RC, Khan K, Ijiro K, Connolly BA, Tuite EM, Pike AR, “Self-Priming Enzymatic
Fabrication of Multiply Modified DNA,” Chemistry -A European journal, 24(57), 15267-15274,(2018). DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801976
53. Xing Z, Wei L, Jiang X, Conroy J, Glenn S, Bshara W, Yu T, Pao A, Tanaka S, Kawai A, Choi C, Wang
J, Liu S, Morrison C, Yu YE, “Analysis of Mutations in Primary and Metastatic Synovial Sarcoma,”
Oncotarget, 9, 36878-36888, (2018). DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26416
54. Konishi Y, Kawamata F, Nishihara H, Homma S, Kato Y, Tsuda M, Kohsaka S, Einama T, Liu C,
Yoshida T, Nagatsu A, Tanino M, Tanaka S, Kawamura H, Kamiyama T, Taketomi A, “Tumor Buddingand Human Chorionic Gonadotropin-β Expression Correlate with Unfavorable Patient Outcome inColorectal Carcinoma,” Medical Oncology, 35(7), 104, (2018). DOI: 10.1007/s12032-018-1164-x
55. Kawamata F, Nishihara H, Homma S, Kato Y, Tsuda M, Konishi Y, Wang L, Kohsaka S, Liu C, Yoshida
T, Tanino M, Tanaka S, Kawamura H, Kamiyama T, Taketomi A, “Chorionic Gonadotropin-β
Modulates Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Colorectal Carcinoma Metastasis,” American
Journal of Pathology, 188(1), 204-215, (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2017.08.034
56. Sénéchal H, Šantrůček J, Melčová M, Svoboda P, Zídková J, Charpin D, Guilloux L, Shahali Y, Selva
MA, Couderc R, Aizawa T, Poncet P, “A New Allergen Family Involved in Pollen Food-AssociatedSyndrome: Snakin/Gibberellin-Regulated Proteins,” Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology,

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141(1), 411-414.e4, (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2017.06.041 *(1)57. Penkhrue W, Sujarit K, Kudo T, Ohkuma M, Masaki K, Aizawa T, Pathom-Aree W, Khanongnuch C,
Lumyong S, “Amycolatopsis Oliviviridis Sp. Nov., a Novel Polylactic Acid-Bioplastic-Degrading
Actinomycete Isolated from Paddy Soil,” International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary
Microbiology, 68, 1448-1454, (2018). DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002682 *(1)58. Dai G, Geng X, Chaoluomeng, Tamogami J, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Kamo N, Iwasa T, “Photocycleof Sensory Rhodopsin II from Halobacterium salinarum (HsSRII): Mutation of D103 Accelerates M
Decay and Changes the Decay Pathway of a 13‐cis O‐like Species,” Photochemistry and Photobiology,
94(4), 705-714, (2018). DOI: 10.1111/php.12917 *(1)59. Nakajima Y, Tsukamoto T, Kumagai Y, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Song J, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Kogure
K, Sudo Y, Yoshizawa S, “Presence of a Haloarchaeal Halorhodopsin-Like Cl− Pump in Marine
Bacteria,” Microbes and Environments, 33(1), 89-97, (2018). DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.ME17197 *(1)60. Cai ZM, Wang XH, Hong W, Luo BC, Zhao QC, Li LT, “Grain‐size-Dependent Dielectric Properties
in Nanograin Ferroelectrics,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 101(12), 5487-5496, (2018).
DOI: 10.1111/jace.15803 *(1)61. Pandiyarajan CK, Genzer J, “Thermally Activated One-Pot, Simultaneous Radical and Condensation
Reactions Generate Surface-Anchored Network Layers from Common Polymers,” Macromolecules,
5(22), 700-707, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b02194 *(1)62. Tian Y, Gao XY, Hong W, Du M, Pan PJ, Sun JZ, Wu ZL, Zheng Q, “Kinetic Insights Into Marangoni
Effect-Assisted Preparation of Ultrathin Hydrogel Films,” Langmuir, 34(41), 12310-12317, (2019).
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02626 *(1)63. Cai ZM, Wang XH, Li LT, Hong W, “Electrical Treeing: A Phase-Field Model,” Extreme Mechanics
Letters, 28, 87-95, (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2019.02.006 *(1)64. Rao P, Li TF, Wu ZL, Hong W, Yang XX, Yu HH, Wong TW, Qu SX, Yang W, “Ductile “Ice”: Frozen
Hydrogels with High Ductility and Compressive Yielding Strength,” Extreme Mechanics Letters, 28,
43-49, (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.eml.2019.02.008 *(1)65. Millereau P, Ducrot E, Clough JM, Wiseman ME, Brown HR, Sijbesma RP, Creton C, “Mechanics of
Elastomeric Molecular Composites,” PNAS,
115(37), 9110-9115, (2019). DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1807750115 *(1)66. Liu MC, Guo JY, Hui CY, Creton C, Narita T, Zehnder A, “Time-Temperature Equivalence in a PVA
Dual Cross-Link Self-Healing Hydrogel,” Journal of Rheology, 62(4), 991-1000, (2018). DOI:
10.1122/1.5029466 *(1)67. Macron J, Bresson B, Tran Y, Hourdet D, Creton C, “Equilibrium and Out-of-Equilibrium Adherenceof Hydrogels against Polymer Brushes,” Macromolecules, 51 (19), 7556-7566, (2018). DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.8b01063 *(1)68. Nicol E, Nicolai T, Zhao JW, Narita T, “Photo-Cross-Linked Self-Assembled Poly (ethylene oxide)Based Hydrogels Containing Hybrid Junctions with Dynamic and Permanent Cross-Links,” ACS
Macro Letters, 7(6), 683–687, (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.8b00317 *(1)69. Guo JY, Liu MC, Zehnder AT, Zhao JW, Narita T, Creton C, Hui CY, “Fracture Mechanics of a SelfHealing Hydrogel with Covalent and Physical Crosslinks: A Numerical Study,” Journal of the
Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 120, 79-95, (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2018.03.009 *(1)70. Keal L, Colosqui CE, Tromp RH, Monteux C, “Colloidal Particle Adsorption at Water-Water
Interfaces with Ultralow Interfacial Tension,” Physical Review Letters, 120(20), 208003, (2018). DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.208003 *(1)71. Tregouet C, Salez T, Monteux C, Reyssat M, “Transient deformation of a droplet near a microfluidic
constriction: A quantitative analysis,” Physical Review Fluids, 3(5), 053603, (2018). DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevFluids.3.053603 *(1)(2)

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72. Tregouet C, Mikhailovskaya A, Salez T, Pantoustier N, Perrin P, Reyssat M, Monteux C, “Adsorption
Dynamics of Hydrophobically Modified Polymers at an Air-Water Interface,” The European PhysicalJournal E, 41(9), 101, (2018). DOI: 10.1140/epje/i2018-11711-y *(1)73. Tregouet C, Salez T, Monteux C, Reyssat M, “Microfluidic Probing of the Complex Interfacial
Rheology of Multilayer Capsules,” Soft Matter, 15(13), 2782-2790, (2019). DOI:
10.1039/C8SM02507J *(1)74. Chakrabarti A, Porat A, Raphael E, Salez T, Chaudhury MK, “Elastowetting of Soft Hydrogel
Spheres,” Langmuir, 34 (13), 3894–3900, (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b00368 *(1)(2)
75. Chebil MS, McGraw JD, Salez T, Sollogoub C, Miquelard-Garnier G, “Influence of Outer-Layer
Finite-Size Effects on the Dewetting Dynamics of a Thin Polymer Film Embedded in an Immiscible
Matrix,” Soft Matter, 14(30), 6256-6263, (2018). DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00592c *(1)(2)
76. Ono-dit-Biot JC, Trejo M, Loukiantcheko E, Lauch M, Raphael E, Dalnoki-Veress K, Salez T,“Hydroelastic Wake on a Thin Elastic Sheet Floating on Water,” Physical Review Fluids, 4(1), 014808,(2019). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.4.014808 *(1)77. Luo F, Sun TL, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Li XY, Guo HL, Huang YW, Zhang H, Gong JP, “Tough
Polyion-Complex Hydrogels from Soft to Stiff Controlled by Monomer Structure,” Polymer, 116, 487497, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2017.02.042 *(1)78. Sun TL, Luo F, Hong W, Cui KP, Huang YW, Zhang HJ, King DR, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T,
Gong JP, “Bulk Energy Dissipation Mechanism for the Fracture of Tough and Self-Healing
Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 50(7), 2923-2931, (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00162*(1)(Top 10% paper)
79. Huang YW, King DR, Sun TL, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, Gong JP, “EnergyDissipative Matrices Enable Synergistic Toughening in Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites,”
Advanced Functional Materials, 27(9), 1605350, (2017). DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201605350 *(1)(2)(Top 10% paper)
80. Yahata S, Furusawa K, Nagao K, Nakajima M, Fukuda T, “Effects of Three-Dimensional Culture of
Mouse Calvaria-Derived Osteoblastic Cells in a Collagen Gel with a Multichannel Structure on theMorphogenesis Behaviors of Engineered Bone Tissues,” ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering,3(12), 3414-3424, (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.7b00190 *(1)81. Nakamura S, Mitomo H, Aizawa M, Tani T, Matsuo Y, Niikura K, Pike A, Naya M, Shishido A, Ijiro
K, “DNA Brush-Directed Vertical Alignment of Extensive Gold Nanorod Arrays with Controlled
Density,” ACS Omega, 2(5), 2208-2213, (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b00303 *(1)(2)
82. Pandiyarajan CK, Genzer J, “Effect of Network Density in Surface-Anchored Poly (Nisopropylacrylamide) Hydrogels on Adsorption of Fibrinogen,” Langmuir, 33 (8), 1974-1983, (2017).
DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b04434 *(1)(2)
83. Cai ZM, Wang XH, Luo BC, Hong W, Wu LW, Li LT, “Nanocomposites with Enhanced Dielectric
Permittivity and Breakdown Strength by Microstructure Design of Nanofillers,” Composites Scienceand Technology, 151, 109-114, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.08.015 *(1)84. Wang ZJ, Zhu CN, Hong W, Wu ZL, Zheng Q, “Cooperative Deformations of Periodically Patterned
Hydrogels,” Science Advances, 3(9), e1700348, (2017). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700348 *(1)85. Wang ZJ, Hong W, Wu ZL, Zheng Q, “Site-Specific Pre-Swelling-Directed Morphing Structures ofPatterned Hydrogels,” Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 56(50), 15974-15978, (2017). DOI:
10.1002/anie.201708926 *(1)86. Zhang Y, Yong Y, An D, Song W, Liu QS, Wang LH, Pardo Y, Kern VR, Steen PH, Hong W, Liu Z,
Ma ML, “A Drip-Crosslinked Tough Hydrogel,” Polymer, 135, 327-330, (2018). DOI:
10.1016/j.polymer.2017.12.036 *(1)87. Liu JJ, Chen Z, Liang XY, Huang XQ, Mao GY, Hong W, Yu HH, Qu SX, “Puncture Mechanics ofSoft Elastomeric Membrane with Large Deformation by Rigid Cylindrical Indenter,” Journal of the131

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Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 112, 458-471, (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.jmps.2018.01.002 *(1)88. Cai ZM, Wang XH, Luo BC, Hong W, Wu LW, Li LT, “Multiscale Design of High‐voltage Multilayer
Energy‐storage Ceramic Capacitors,” Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 101, 1607-1615,(2018). DOI: 10.1111/jace.15322 *(1)89. Albiges R, Klein P, Roi S, Stoffelbach F, Creton C, Bouteiller L, Rieger J, “Water-Based Acrylic
Coatings Reinforced by PISA-Derived Fibers,” Polymer Chemistry, 8(34), 4992-4995, (2017). DOI:
10.1039/c7py00302a *(1)90. Zhao JW, Mayumi K, Creton C, Narita T, “Rheological Properties of Tough Hydrogels Based on an
Associating Polymer with Permanent and Transient Crosslinks: Effects of Crosslinking Density,”
Journal of Rheology, 61(6), 1371-1383, (2017). DOI: 10.1122/1.4997589 *(1)91. Ozaki H, Narita T, Koga T, Indei T, “Theoretical Analysis of Critical Flowable Physical Gel CrossLinked by Metal Ions and Polyacrylamide-Derivative Associating Polymers Containing ImidazoleGroups,” Polymers, 9(7), 256, (2017). DOI: 10.3390/polym9070256 *(1)92. Shivokhin ME, Narita T, Talini L, Habicht A, Seiffert S, Indei T, Schieber JD, “Interplay ofEntanglement and Association Effects on the Dynamics of Semidilute Solutions of Multisticker
Polymer Chains,” Journal of Rheology, 61(6), 1231-1241, (2017). DOI: 10.1122/1.4997740 *(1)93. Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL, “Gel-Forming Mucin Interactome Drives
Mucus Viscoelasticity,” Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, 252, 69-82, (2018). DOI:
10.1016/j.cis.2017.12.005 *(1)94. Zhao MH, Dervaux J, Narita T, Lequeux F, Limat L, Roche M, “Geometrical Control of Dissipation
During the Spreading of Liquids on Soft Solids,” PNAS, 115(8), 1748-1753, (2018). DOI:
10.1073/pnas.1712562115 *(1)95. de Baubigny JD, Tregouet C, Salez T, Pantoustier N, Perrin P, Reyssat M, Monteux C, “One-Step
Fabrication of pH-Responsive Membranes and Microcapsules through Interfacial H-Bond Polymer
Complexation,” Scientific Reports, 7, 1265, (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01374-3 *(1)(2)
96. Deleurence R, Freymond C, Saison T, Lequeux F, Monteux C, “Foamability and stability of foams
obtained with silica/PEI gels,” Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects,
534, 2-7, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.05.093 *(1)(2)
97. Deleurence R, Saison T, Lequeux F, Monteux C, “Foaming of Transient Polymer Hydrogels,” ACS
Omega, 3 (2), 1864-1870, (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01301 *(1)98. Tanis I, Meyer H, Salez T, Raphael E, Maggs AC, Baschnagel J, “Molecular Dynamics Simulation of
the Capillary Leveling of Viscoelastic Polymer Films,” Journal of Chemical Physics, 146(20), 203327,(2017). DOI: 10.1063/1.4978938 *(1)(2)
99. Ledesma-Alonso R, Raphael E, Salez T, Tordjeman P, Legendre D, “Van Der Waals Interaction
Between a Moving Nano-Cylinder and a Liquid Thin Film,” Soft Matter, 13(20), 3822-3830, (2017).
DOI: 10.1039/c7sm00467b *(1)100. Bironeau A, Salez T, Miquelard-Garnier G, Sollogoub C, “Existence of a Critical Layer Thickness in
PS/PMMA Nanolayered Films,” Macromolecules, 50(10), 4064-4073, (2017). DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00176 *(1)101. Schulman RD, Ledesma-Alonso R, Salez T, Raphael E, Dalnoki-Veress K, “Liquid Droplets Act as“Compass Needles” for the Stresses in a Deformable Membrane,” Physical Review Letters, 118(19),198002, (2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.118.198002 *(1)(2)102. Rallabandi B, Saintyves B, Jules T, Salez T, Schonecker C, Mahadevan L, Stone HA, “Rotation of an
Immersed Cylinder Sliding Near a Thin Elastic Coating,” Physical Review Fluids, 2(7), 074102,(2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.074102 *(1)(2)103. Rivetti M, Bertin V, Salez T, Hui CY, Linne C, Arutkin M, Wu HB, Raphael E, Baumchen O,“Elastocapillary Levelling of Thin Viscous Films on Soft Substrates,” Physical Review Fluids, 2(9),132

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094001, (2017). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevFluids.2.094001 *(1)(2)104. Chan TS, McGraw JD, Salez T, Seemann R, Brinkmann M, “Morphological Evolution of Microscopic
Dewetting Droplets with Slip,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 828, 271-288, (2017). DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2017.515 *(1)(2)
105. Arutkin M, Ledesma-Alonso R, Salez T, Raphael E, “Elastohydrodynamic Wake and Wave
Resistance,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 829, 538-550, (2017). DOI: 10.1017/jfm.2017.584 *(1)(2)
106. Schulman RD, Trejo M, Salez T, Raphael E, Dalnoki-Veress K, “Surface Energy of Strained
Amorphous Solids,” Nature Communications, 9, 982, (2018). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03346-1*(1)(2)107. Ilton M, Salez T, Fowler PD, Rivetti M, Aly M, Benzaquen M, McGraw JD, Raphael E, DalnokiVeress K, Baumchen O, “Adsorption-Induced Slip Inhibition for Polymer Melts on Ideal Substrates,”Nature Communications, 9, 1172, (2018). DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03610-4 *(1)(2)108. Davis-Purcell B, Soulard P, Salez T, Raphael E, Dalnoki-Veress K, “Adhesion-Induced Fingering
Instability in Thin Elastic Films Under Strain,” European Physical Journal E, 41, 36, (2018). DOI:
10.1140/epje/i2018-11643-6 *(1)(2)
109. Zhu FB, Cheng LB, Wang ZJ, Hong W, Wu ZL, Yin J, Qian J, Zheng QA, “3D-Printed UltratoughHydrogel Structures with Titin-Like Domains,” ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 9 (13), 1136311367, (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b02007 *(1)110. Cai ZM, Wang XH, Luo BC, Hong W, Wu LW, Li LT, “Dielectric Response and Breakdown Behavior
of Polymer-Ceramic Nanocomposites: The Effect of Nanoparticle Distribution,” Composites Scienceand Technology, 145, 105-113, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2017.03.039 *(1)111. Chenal M, Vechambre C, Chenal JM, Chazeau L, Humblot V, Bouteiller L, Creton C, Rieger J,“Mechanical Properties of Nanostructured Films with an Ultralow Volume Fraction of Hard Phase,”
Polymer, 109, 187-196, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2016.12.043 *(1)112. Gurney R, Henry A, Schach R, Lindner A, Creton C, “Molecular Weight Dependence of Interdiffusion
and Adhesion of Polymers at Short Contact Times,” Langmuir, 33 (7), 1670-1678, (2017). DOI:
10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03972 *(1)113. Luo F, Sun TL, Nakajima T, King DR, Kurokawa T, Zhao Y, Ihsan AB, Li XF, Guo HL, Gong
JP, “Strong and Tough Polyion-Complex Hydrogels from Oppositely Charged Polyelectrolytes:
A Comparative Study with Polyampholyte Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 49(7), 2750-2760,(2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00235 *(1) (Top 10% paper)
114. Guo HL, Kurokawa T, Takahata M, Hong W, Katsuyama Y, Luo F, Ahmed J, Nakajima T, Nonoyama
T, Gong JP, “Quantitative Observation of Electric Potential Distribution of Brittle Polyelectrolyte
Hydrogels Using Microelectrode Technique,” Macromolecules, 49(8), 3100-3108, (2016). DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00037 *(1)115. Bin Ihsan A, Sun TL, Kurokawa T, Karobi SN, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Roy CK, Luo F, Gong
JP, “Self-Healing Behaviors of Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 49 (11),4245-4252, (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00437 *(1) (Top 10% paper)
116. Karobi SN, Sun TL, Kurokawa T, Luo F, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Gong JP, “Creep Behavior andDelayed Fracture of Tough Polyampholyte Hydrogels by Tensile Test,” Macromolecules, 49(15),5630-5636, (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01016 *(1)117. Matsuda T, Nakajima T, Fukuda Y, Hong W, Sakai T, Kurokawa T, Chung U, Gong JP, “Yielding
Criteria of Double Network Hydrogels,” Macromolecules, 49(5), 1865-1872, (2016). DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02592 (Top 10% paper) *(2)118. Ishida H, Nguyen LT, Gopal R, Aizawa T, Vogel HJ, “Overexpression of Antimicrobial, Anticancer,
and Transmembrane Peptides in Escherichia Coli Through a Calmodulin-Peptide Fusion System,”
Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138 (35), 11318-11326, (2016). DOI:

133

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10.1021/jacs.6b06781
119. Nakamura S, Kikukawa T, Tamogami J, Kamiya M, Aizawa T, Hahn MW, Ihara K, Kamo N, Demura
M, “Photochemical Characterization of Actinorhodopsin and Its Functional Existence in the Natural
Host,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics, 1857(12), 1900-1908, (2016). DOI:
10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.09.006
120. Kawano S, Grassian AR, Tsuda M, Knutson SK, Warholic NM, Kuznetsov G, Xu S, Xiao Y, Pollock
RM, Smith JS, Kuntz KK, Ribich S, Minoshima Y, Matsui J, Copeland RA, Tanaka S, Keihack H,“Preclinical Evidence of Anti-Tumor Activity Induced by EZH2 Inhibition in Human Models of
Synovial Sarcoma,” PLOS ONE, 11(7), e0158888, (2016). DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158888
121. Berthet H, du Roure O, Lindner A, “Microfluidic Fabrication Solutions for Tailor-Designed Fiber
Suspensions,” Applied Sciences-Basel, 6(12), 385, (2016). DOI: 10.3390/app6120385 *(1)122. Arutkin M, Raphaël E, Forrest AJ, Salez T, “Cooperative Strings in Glassy Nanoparticles,” Soft
Matter, 13(1), 141-146, (2017). DOI: 10.1039/C6SM00724D *(1)(2)
123. Ilton M, Couchman MMP, Gerbelot C, Benzaquen M, Fowler DP, Stone AH, Raphaël E, DalnokiVeress K, Salez T, “Capillary Leveling of Freestanding Liquid Nanofilms,” Physical Review Letters,
117(16), 167801, (2016). DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.117.167801 *(1)(2)124. Schulman RD, Porat A, Charlesworth K, Fortais A, Salez T, Raphaël E, Dalnoki-Veress K,“Elastocapillary Bending of Microfibers Around Liquid Droplets,” Soft Matter, 13(4), 720-724,(2017). DOI: 10.1039/C6SM02095J *(1)(2)
125. Salez T, McGraw JD, Dalnoki-Veress K, Raphaël E, Forrest JA, “Glass Transition at Interfaces,”
Europhysics News, 48(1), 24-28, (2017). DOI: 10.1051/epn/2017103 *(1)(peer reviewed review paper)
1.

Long R, Hui CY, Gong JP, Bouchbinder E, “The Fracture of Highly Deformable Soft Materials: A
Tale of Two Length Scales,” Annual Review of Condensed Matter Physics, 12, 71-94, (2021). DOI:
10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-042020-023937 *(1)2.

Gao C, Liu C, Schenz D, Li XL, Zhang Z, Jusup M, Wang Z, Beekman M, Nakagaki T, “Does Being
Multi-Headed Make You Better at Solving Problem? A Survey of Physarum-Based Models andComputations,” Physics of Life Reviews, 29, 1-26, (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2018.05.002 *(1)134

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2)

Other Major Original Papers(peer reviewed)- Among the papers with “* (asterisk)”, papers where “GI-CoRE” is stated as an affiliated institution are marked with“(1)”, and papers which mention "Hokkaido University" in the acknowledgements are marked with “(2)”.

1.

Katono N, Tsuda M, Suzuka J, Oda Y, Wang L, Tanei Z, Tanino M, Ohata T, Nagabuchi E, Ishida
Y, Kimura S, Iwanaga T, Tanaka S, “Involvement of BMP and Wnt Signals Leadingto EpithelialMesenchymal Transition in Colon Adenocarcinoma with Heterotopic Ossification,” Annals ofClinical and Laboratory Science, 51(2), 271-276, (2021). PMID: 33941570*(1)2.

Tomomasa R, Arai Y, Kawabata-Iwakawa R, Fukuoka K, Nakano Y, Hama N, Nakata S, Suzuki N,
Ishi Y, Tanaka S, Takahashi JA, Yuba Y, Shiota M, Natsume A, Kurimoto M, Shiba Y, Aoki M,
Nabeshima, K, Enomoto T, Inoue T, Fujimura J, Kondo A, Yao T, Okura N, Hirose T, Sasaki A,
Nishiyama M, Ichimura K, Shibata T, Hirato J, Yokoo H, Nobusawa S, “Ependymoma-Like Tumor
With Mesenchymal Differentiation Harboring C11orf95-NCOA1/2 or -RELA Fusion: A Hitherto
Unclassified Tumor Related to Ependymoma,” Brain Pathology, e12943, (2021). DOI:
10.1111/bpa.12943

3.

Mizuguchi Y, Konishi T, Nagai T, Sato T, Takenaka S, Tada A, Kobayashi Y, Komoriyama H, Kato
Y, Omote K, Sato T, Kamiya K, Tsujinaga S, Iwano H, Kikuchi K, Tanaka S, Anzai T, “Prognostic
Value of Admission Serum Magnesium in Acute Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Malignant
Ventricular Arrhythmias,” American Journal of Emergency Medicine, 44, 100-105, (2021). DOI:
10.1016/j.ajem.2021.02.005

4.

Xiong K, Mitomo H, Su XM, Shi Y, Yonamine Y, Sato, Ijiro K, “Molecular Configuration-Mediated
Thermo-Responsiveness in Oligo (Ethylene Glycol) Derivatives Attached on Gold Nanoparticles,”Nanoscale Advances, (2021). DOI: 10.1039/D1NA00187F *(1)(2)

5.

Yue YF, Norikane Y, Gong JP, “Ultrahigh-Water-Content Photonic Hydrogels with Large Electrooptic Responses in Visible to Near-infrared Region,” Advanced Optical Materials, (2021).
DOI:10.1002/adom.202002198 *(1)6.

Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Hotta D, Tanaka S, Anzai T, “Acute Anterior Myocardial
Infarction Complicated by Takotsubo Syndrome: The Value of Multimodality Imaging,”
Kardiologia Polska, 78(10), 1055-1056, (2020). DOI: 10.33963/KP.15492

7.

Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Hotta D, Tanaka S, “Cerebral Embolization from Left Atrial
Myxoma Causing Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy Complicated With Congestive Heart Failure,”
Cardiology Journal, 27(4), 439-440, (2020). DOI: 10.5603/CJ.2020.0118

8.

Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Hotta D, Kobayashi Y, Komoriyama H, Kato Y, Omote K,
Sato T, Kamiya K, Nagai T, Tanaka S, Anzai T, “Histopathologically Confirmed Very Late Stent
Thrombosis Associated with Stent Fracture After Implantation of First-Generation Drug Eluting
Stent,” Cardiology Journal, 27(2), 204-205, (2020). DOI: 10.5603/CJ.2020.0045

9.

Matsumoto J, Takada S, Furihata T, Nambu H, Kakutani N, Maekawa S, Mizushima W, Nakano I,
Fukushima A, Yokota T, Tanaka S, Handa H, Sabe H, Kinugawa S, “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic
Factor Improves Impaired Fatty Acid Oxidation via the Activation of AMPK a-PGC1a Signaling in
Skeletal Muscle of Mice with Heart Failure,” Circulation: Heart Failure, 14(1), e005890, (2020).
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.005890

10. Tanei Z, Saito Y, Ito S, Matsubara T, Motoda A, Yamazaki M, Sakashita Y, Kawakami I, Ikemura
M, Tanaka S, Sengoku R, Arai T, Murayama S, “Lewy Pathology of the Esophagus Correlates with
the Progression of Lewy Body Disease: A Japanese Cohort Study of Autopsy Cases,” Acta
Neuropathologica, 141(1), 25-37, (2020). DOI: 10.1007/s00401-020-02233-8
11. Ishi Y, Takamiya S, Seki T, Yamazaki K, Hida K, Hatanaka KC, Ishida Y, Oda Y, Tanaka S,
Yamaguchi S, “Prognostic Role of H3K27M Mutation, Histone H3K27 Methylation Status, andEZH2 Expression in Diffuse Spinal Cord Gliomas,” Brain Tumor Pathology, 37(3), 81-88, (2020).

135

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DOI: 10.1007/s10014-020-00369-9
12. Segawa K, Sugita S, Aoyama T, Minami S, Nagashima K, Tsuda M, Tanaka S, Hasegawa T,“Detection of VHL Deletion by Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization in Extraneuraxial
Hemangioblastoma of Soft Tissue,” Pathology International, 70(7), 473-475, (2020). DOI:
10.1111/pin.12935
13. Habiba U, Hossain E, Yanagawa-Matsuda A, Chowdhury AFMA, Tsuda M, Zaman AU, Tanaka S,
Higashino F, “Cisplatin Enhances the Oncolytic Activity of E4orf6 Deleted Adenovirus Through
HuR Relocalization,” Cancers (Basel), 12(4), 809, (2020). DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040809 *(1)(2)
14. Takahashi-Iwata I, Yabe I, Kudo A, Eguchi K, Wakita M, Shirai S, Matsushima M, Toyoshima T,
Chiba S, Tanikawa S, Tanaka S, Satoh K, Kitamoto T, Sasaki H, “MM2 Cortical Form of Sporadic
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease Without Progressive Dementia and Akinetic Mutism: A Case Deviatingfrom Current Diagnostic Criteria,” Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 412, 116759, (2020). DOI:
10.1016/j.jns.2020.116759
15. Uemura S, Wang L, Tsuda M, Suzuka J, Tanikawa S, Sugino H, Nakamura T, Mitsuhashi T, Hirano
S, Tanaka S, “Signaling Adaptor Protein Crk Is Involved in Malignant Feature of Pancreatic Cancer
Associated with Phosphorylation of C-Met,” Biochemical and Biophysical ResearchCommunications, 524(2), 378-384, (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.01.105 *(1)(2)
16. Endo T, Imagama S, Kato S, Kaito T, Sakai H, Ikegawa S, Kawaguchi Y, Kanayama M, Hisada Y,
Koike Y, Ando K, Kobayashi K, Oda I, Okada K, Takagi R, Iwasaki N, Takahata M, “Association
Between Vitamin A Intake and Disease Severity in Early-Onset Heterotopic Ossification of the
Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine,” Global Spine J, published online, (2021). DOI:
10.1177/2192568221989300
17. Tsujimoto T, Endo T, Menjo Y, Kanayama M, Oda I, Suda K, Fujita R, Koike Y, Hisada Y, Iwasaki
N, Takahata M, “Exceptional Conditions for Favorable Neurological Recovery After Laminoplasty
in Cases with Cervical Myelopathy Caused by K-Line (-) Ossification of Posterior Longitudinal
Ligament,” Spine, 46(15), 990-998, (2020). DOI:10.1097/BRS.0000000000003945
18. Ura K, Yamada K, Tsujimoto T, Ukeba D, Iwasaki N, Sudo H, “Ultra-Purified Alginate Gel
Implantation Decreases Inflammatory Cytokine Levels, Prevents Intervertebral Disc Degeneration,
and Reduces Acute Pain After Discectomy,” Scientific Reports, 11(1), 38, (2020). DOI:
10.1038/s41598-020-79958-9
19. Kataoka Y, Shimizu T, Takeda R, Tadano S, Saito T, Osuka S, Ishida T, Samukawa M, Irie T,
Takahashi D, Iwasaki N, Tohyama H, “Effects of Unweighting on Gait Kinematics During Walking
on a Lower-Body Positive-Pressure Treadmill in Patients with Hip Osteoarthritis,” BMC
Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), 46, (2020). DOI:10.1186/s12891-020-03909-8
20. Irie TY, Irie T, Orias AAE, Segami K, Iwasaki N, An HS, Inoue N, “Three-Dimensional Distributionof CT Attenuation in the Lumbar Spine Pedicle Wall,” Scientific Reports, 11(1), 709, (2020).
DOI:10.1038/s41598-020-80676-5
21. Koike Y, Kotani Y, Terao H, Iwasaki N, “Comparison of Outcomes of Oblique Lateral Interbody
Fusion with Percutaneous Posterior Fixation in Lateral Position and Minimally Invasive
Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Spondylolisthesis,” Asian Spine J,
15(1), 97-106, (2020). DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0342
22. Koike Y, Kotani Y, Terao H, Iwasaki N, “Risk Factor Analysis of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis
after Surgical Treatment of Adult Spinal Deformity with Oblique Lateral Interbody Fusion,” AsianSpine J, 15(1), 107-116, (2020). DOI: 10.31616/asj.2019.0341
23. Shimizu H, Matsuhashi T, Fukushima A, Menjo Y, Hojo Y, Iwasaki N, “Coronal Hamate Fractureswith Carpometacarpal Dislocation Treated Effectively Using Headless Compression Screws with
Percutaneous Pinning Fixation by Using the 2-Directional Approach: A Report of 2 Cases,” JBJSCase Connect, 10(2), e0361, (2020). DOI: 10.2106/JBJS.CC.19.00361
24. Xu L, Hanamatsu H, Homan K, Onodera T, Miyazaki T, Furukawa J, Hontani K, Tian Y, Baba R,

136

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Iwasaki N, “Alterations of Glycosphingolipid Glycans and Chondrogenic Markers during
Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Chondrocytes,” Biomolecules,
10(12), 1622, (2020). DOI: 10.3390/biom10121622 *(1)25. Motomiya M, Watanabe N, Kawamura D, Yasui K, Adachi A, Iwasaki N, “Reliable Free Flaps Using
the Microscopic Parachute End-to-Side Technique in Severe Extremity Injuries,” Journal of Plastic,
Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, 73(12), 2239-2260, (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2020.05.022
26. Fujieda Y, Ninagawa K, Matsui Y, Kono M, Kamishima T, Iwasaki N, Atsumi T, “Non-Tuberculosis
Mycobacterium Tenosynovitis with Rice Bodies in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus,”
Internal Medicine, 59(18), 2317-2320, (2020). DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4671-20
27. Fukuda R, Matsuoka M, Onodera T, Iwasaki K, Tanaka D, Hiraga H, Kanno-Okada H, Matsuno Y,
Kondo E, Iwasaki N, “Angiosarcoma After Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty,” Knee, 22(28), 151158, (2020). DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2020.11.019
28. Yamada K, Takahata M, Ito M, Nagahama K, Iwata A, Endo T, Sudo H, Ishiguro N, Iwasaki N,“Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Pyogenic Spondylitis in Thoraco-Lumbar Spine: A
Retrospective Study of 122 Cases,” J Orthop Sci., S0949-2658(20), 30362-6, (2020). DOI:
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29. Hamasaki M, Terkawi MA, Onodera T, Tian Y, Ebata T, Matsumae G, Alhasan H, Takahashi D,
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31. Shimizu T, Yokota S, Kimura Y, Asano T, Shimizu H, Ishizu H, Iwasaki N, Takahashi D, “Predictorsof Cartilage Degeneration in Patients with Subchondral Insufficiency Fracture of the Femoral Head:A Retrospective Study,” Arthritis Research & Therapy, 22(1), 150, (2020). DOI: 10.1186/s13075020-02243-7
32. Byun YM, Iida T, Yamada K, Abumi K, Kokabu T, Iwata A, Iwasaki N, Sudo H, “Long-Term
Pulmonary Function After Posterior Spinal Fusion in Main Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic
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33. Konomi T, Suda K, Ozaki M, Harmon SM, Komatsu M, Iimoto S, Tsuji O, Minami A, Takahata
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34. Tian Y, Terkawi MA, Onodera T, Alhasan H, Matsumae G, Takahashi D, Hamasaki M, Ebata T, Aly
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36. Iwata A, Sudo H, Abumi K, Ito M, Yamada K, Iwasaki N, “Impact of Lowest Instrumented Vertebra
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40. Iwata A, Kanayama M, Oha F, Shimamura Y, Hashimoto T, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, “Is Bone
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Low-Dose/High-Frequency and High-Dose/Low-Frequency Regimens in a Late-Stage Chronic
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42. Motomiya M, Nishimoto N, Urita A, Kawamura D, Shimizu Y, Iwasaki N, “Patient Characteristics
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44. Lee WS, Kato M, Sugawara E, Kono M, Kudo Y, Kono M, Fujieda Y, Bohgaki T, Amengual O, Oku
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50. Momma D, Iwamoto W, Endo K, Sato K, Iwasaki N, “Stress Distribution Patterns Across theShoulder Joint in Gymnasts: A Computed Tomography Osteoabsorptiometry Study,” Orthopaedic
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65. Haque S, Kikukawa T, Tamaoki N, “Photoisomerization of Azobenzene Units Drives the
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68. Fan HL, Wang JH, Gong JP, “Barnacle Cement Proteins‐Inspired Tough Hydrogels with Robust,
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Process Forming Robust Bonding of Double Network Hydrogel to Bone,” Advanced Healthcare
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70. Cui KP, Ye YN, Yu CT, Li XY, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Stress Relaxation and Underlying Structure
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Macromolecules, 53(20), 8787-8795, (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01485 *(1)(2)
73. Sedlacik T, Nonoyama T, Guo HL, Nakajima T, Takeda Y, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Preparation ofTough Double- and Triple-Network Supermacroporous Hydrogels through Repeated Cryogelation,”
Chemistry of Materials, 32(19), 8576-8586, (2020). DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemmater.0c02911 *(1)74. Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Furukawa H, Gong JP, “Effect of the Constituent Networks of DoubleNetwork Gels on their Mechanical Properties and Energy Dissipation Process,” Soft Matter, 16(37),8618-8627, (2020). DOI: 10.1039/D0SM01057J *(1)75. Suzuka J, Tsuda M, Wang L, Kohsaka S, Kishida K, Semba S, Sugino H, Aburatani S, Frauenlob
M, Kurokawa T, Kojima S, Ueno T, Ohmiya Y, Mano H, Yasuda K, Gong JP, Tanaka S, “Rapid
Reprogramming of Tumour Cells into Cancer Stem Cells on Double-Network Hydrogels,” Nature
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76. Yu CT, Guo HL, Cui KP, Li XY, Ye YN, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Hydrogels as Dynamic Memory
with Forgetting Ability,” PNAS, 117(32), 18962-18968, (2020). DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2006842117
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77. Semba S, Kitamura N, Tsuda M, Goto K, Kurono S, Ohmiya Y, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K,
Tanaka S, “Synthetic Poly(2-Acrylamido-2-Methylpropanesulfonic Acid) Gel Induces
Chondrogenic Differentiation of ATDC5 Cells via a Novel Protein Reservoir Function,” Journalof Biomedical Materials Research Part A, 109(3), 354-364, (2020). DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37028*(1)(2)78. Hashimoto D, Semba S, Tsuda M, Kurokawa T, Kitamura N, Yasuda K, Gong JP, Tanaka S,“Integrin α4 Mediates ATDC5 Cell Adhesion to Negatively Charged Synthetic Polymer Hydrogel
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79. King DR, Takahashi R, Ikai T, Fukao K, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Anisotropic Double Network
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80. Nakajima T, Chida T, Mito K, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Double-Network Gels as Polyelectrolyte
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82. Fan HL, Guo HL, Wang JH, Gong JP, “Competitive Cation−π Interactions Between Small Cations
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86. Murai J, Nakajima T, Matsuda T, Tsunoda K, Nonoyama T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Tough Double
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87. Frauenlob M, King DR, Guo HL, Ishihara S, Tsuda M, Kurokawa T, Haga H, Tanaka S, Gong JP,“Modulation and Characterization of the Double Network Hydrogel Surface-bulk Transition,”
Macromolecules, 52(17), 6704-6713, (2019). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b01399 *(1)88. King DR, Okumura T, Takahashi R, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Macroscale Double Networks: Design
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92. Hirayama S, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “Non-Linear Rheological Study of Hydrogel Sliding Frictionin Water and Concentrated Hyaluronan Solution,” Tribology International, 147, 106270, (2020).
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101. Kumagai Y, Nio-Kobayashi J, Ishida-Ishihara S, Tachibana H, Omori R, Enomoto A, Ishihara S,
Haga H, “The Intercellular Expression of Type-XVII Collagen, Laminin-332, and Integrin-β1
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Changes During Knee Motion Among 5 Different Anatomic Single-Bundle Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Reconstruction Approaches: A Biomechanical Study,” Orthopaedic Journal of Sports
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Osteotomy for Bilateral Varus Knee Deformity Caused by Premature Epiphyseal Closure Induced
by Hypervitaminosis A: A Case Report,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20, 287, (2019). DOI:
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105. Endo T, Kadoya K, Suzuki Y, Kawamura D, Iwasaki N, “A Novel Experimental Model to Determine
the Axon-Promoting Effects of Grafted Cells After Peripheral Nerve Injury,” Frontiers in Cellular
Neuroscience, 13, 280, (2019). DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00280 *(2)106. Homan K, Hanamatsu H, Furukawa J, Okada K, Yokota I, Onodera T, Iwasaki N, “Alteration of the
Total Cellular Glycome during Late Differentiation of Chondrocytes,” International Journal of
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107. Kokabu T, Kawakami N, Uno K, Kotani T, Suzuki T, Abe Y, Maeda K, Inage F, Ito YM, Iwasaki N,
Sudo H, “Three-Dimensional Depth Sensor Imaging to Identify Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis: A
Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study,” Scientific Reports, 9, 9678, (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41598019-46246-0108. Irie T, Takahashi D, Asano T, Shimizu T, Arai R, Terkawi MA, Ito YM, Iwasaki N, “Effects ofFemoral Bone Defect Morphology on Initial Polished Tapered Stem Stability in Massive DefectModel: A Biomechanical Study,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20, 355, (2019). DOI:
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109. Endo T, Kadoya K, Kawamura D, Iwasaki N, “Evidence for Cell‐contact Factor Involvement in
Neurite Outgrowth of Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons Stimulated by Schwann Cells,” Experimental
Physiology, 104(10), 1447-1454, (2019). DOI: 10.1113/EP087634
110. Kondo E, Masuda T, Shiota J, Iwasaki K, Onodera T, Yasuda K, Yagi T, Iwasaki N, “Residual
Remnant Preserving Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using
Hamstring Tendon Autografts,” Annals of Joint, 4(9), UNSP 37, (2019). DOI:
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111. Matsubara S, Onodera T, Maeda E, Momma D, Matsuoka M, Homan K, Ohashi T, Iwasaki N,“Depletion of Glycosphingolipids Induces Excessive Response of Chondrocytes Under MechanicalStress,” Journal of Biomechanics, 94, 22-30, (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.006 *(1)(2)112. Fujita R, Hamann H, Kameda Y, Arai R, Shimizu T, Ota M, Sato D, Kobayashi H, Iwasaki N,
Takahata M, “Breast Cancer Cells Expressing Cancer-Associated Sialyl-Tn Antigen Have Less
Capacity to Develop Osteolytic Lesions in a Mouse Model of Skeletal Colonization,” Clinical &Experimental Metastasis, 36(6), 539-549, (2019). DOI: 10.1007/s10585-019-09999-6
113. Sato D, Kondo E, Yabuuchi K, Onodera J, Onodera T, Yagi T, Sakamoto K, Takasawa A, Iwasaki
N, Yasuda K, “Assessment of Valgus Laxity After Release of the Medial Structure in Medial OpenWedge High Tibial Osteotomy: An in Vivo Biomechanical Study Using Quantitative Valgus StressRadiography,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 20(1), 481, (2019). DOI: 10.1186/s12891-0192859-7
114. Baba R, Kondo E, Iwasaki K, Joutoku Z, Onodera J, Onodera T, Yagi T, Iwasaki N, Yasuda K,“Impact of Surgical Timing on Clinical Outcomes in Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate
Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Autografts,” Orthopaedic Journal of Sports
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115. Fujita R, Takahata M, Kokabu T, Oda I, Kajino T, Hisada Y, Takeuchi H, Iwasaki N, “Retrospective
Study to Evaluate the Clinical Significance of a Second Rise in C-Reactive Protein Level Following
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118. Hiratsuka S, Takahata M, Hojo Y, Kajino T, Hisada Y, Iwata A, Yamada K, Iwasaki N, “Increased
Risk of Symptomatic Progression of Instability Following Decompression for Lumbar Canal
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119. Tsukuda Y, Kawamura D, Matsui Y, Iwasaki N, “Morphological Characteristics of the Sigmoid
Notch of the Distal Radius Affect the Stress Distribution Patterns in the Distal Radioulnar Joint,”
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120. Nagano Y, Kawamura D, Terkawi MA, Urita A, Matsui Y, Iwasaki N, “Minimum Ten-Year
Outcomes of Partial Ulnar Nerve Transfer for Restoration of Elbow Flexion in Patients with Upper
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121. Yamada K, Suda K, Harmon SM, Komatsu M, Ushiku C, Takahata M, Minami A, Iwasaki N,“Rapidly Progressive Cervical Myelopathy Had a High Risk of Developing Deep Venous
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122. Abe Y, Yamada K, Abumi K, Iwasaki N, Sudo H, “Long-Term Changes in Vertebral Morphology
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123. Iwata A, Abumi K, Takahata M, Sudo H, Yamada K, Endo T, Iwasaki N, “Late Subluxation Lesion
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124. Kawaguchi Y, Kondo E, Iwasaki N, Tanaka Y, Yagi T, Yasuda K, “Autologous Living Chondrocytes
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126. Tsuji O, Suda K, Takahata M, Matsumoto-Harmon S, Komatsu M, Menjo Y, Watanabe K, Ishii K,
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128. Yamaji T, Hanamatsu H, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Iwasaki N, Ohnishi M, Furukawa J, Yahiro K,
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130. Momma D, Iwamoto W, Iwasaki N, “Long-Term Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Wrist Joint
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Y, Mizutani Y, “High Thermal Stability of Oligomeric Assemblies of Thermophilic Rhodopsin in a
Lipid Environment,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 122(27), 6945-6953, (2018). DOI:
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Heteronuclear J-Coupling Constants in Esters: Implications for 13C Metabolic MRI by Side-Arm
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Impairment of the Rapid Channel Closing of Proteomonas Sulcata Anion Channelrhodopsin 1 at
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178. Hasemi T, Kikukawa T, Watanabe Y, Aizawa T, Miyauchi S, Kamo N, Demura M, “Photochemical
Study of a Cyanobacterial Chloride-Ion Pumping Rhodopsin,” Biochimica et Biophysica Acta Bioenergetics, 1860(2), 136-146, (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.12.001 *(1)(2)
179. Kawagoe S, Nakagawa H, Kumeta H, Ishimori K, Saio T, “Structural Insight into Proline Cis/Trans
Isomerization of Unfolded Proteins Catalyzed by the Trigger Factor Chaperone,” Journal of
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180. Takahashi H, Yoshino M, Morita K, Takagi T, Yokoyama Y, Kikukawa T, Amii H, Kanamori T,
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Direction of the Neurite-like Processes of PC12 Cells,” Scientific Reports, 8, 13901, (2018). DOI:
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183. Wang X, Enomoto A, Weng L, Mizutani Y, Abudureyimu S, Esaki N, Tsuyuki Y, Chen C, Mii S,
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184. Ishihara S, Aoki K, Mizutani T, Amano M, Nishimura S, Haga H, “Glycosphingolipid GM2 Induces
Invasiveness in Irradiation-tolerant Lung Cancer Cells,” Cell Structure and Function, 43(2), 177185, (2018). DOI: 10.1247/csf.18026
185. Yamamoto K, Otomo K, Nemoto T, Ishihara S, Haga H, Nagasaki A, Murakami Y, Takahashi M,“Differential Contributions of Nonmuscle Myosin IIA and IIB to Cytokinesis in Human
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187. Tazaki T, Tabata K, Ainai A, Ohara Y, Kobayashi S, Ninomiya T, Orba Y, Mitomo H, Nakano T,
Hasegawa H, Ijiro K, Sawa H, Suzuki T, Niikura K, “Shape-Dependent Adjuvanticity of
Nanoparticle-Conjugated RNA Adjuvants for Intranasal Inactivated Influenza Vaccines,” RSC
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188. Wei JJ, Mitomo H, Tani T, Matsuo Y, Niikura K, Naya M, Ijiro K, “Size-Defined Cracked Vesicle
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191. Sudo H, Kokabu T, Abe Y, Iwata A, Yamada K, Ito YM, Iwasaki N, Kanai S, “AutomatedNoninvasive Detection of Idiopathic Scoliosis in Children and Adolescents: A Principle Validation
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192. Funakoshi T, Momma D, Matsui Y, Kamishima T, Matsui Y, Kawamura D, Nagano Y, Iwasaki N,“Autologous Osteochondral Mosaicplasty for Centrally and Laterally Located, Advanced Capitellar
Osteochondritis Dissecans in Teenage Athletes: Clinical Outcomes, Radiography, and Magnetic
Resonance Imaging Findings,” American Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 1943-1951, (2018). DOI:
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193. Baba R, Onodera T, Matsuoka M, Hontani K, Joutoku Z, Matsubara S, Homan K, Iwasaki N, “BoneMarrow Stimulation Technique Augmented by an Ultrapurified Alginate Gel Enhances Cartilage
Repair in a Canine Model,” American Journal of Sports Medicine, 46, 1970-1979, (2018). DOI:
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Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Hybrid Grafts in Patients Over 40
Years of Age: Comparisons Between Different Age Groups,” Orthopaedic Journal of Sports
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195. Irie T, Takahashi D, Asano T, Arai R, Terkawi MA, Ito YM, Iwasaki N, “Is There an Association
Between Borderline-to-mild Dysplasia and Hip Osteoarthritis? Analysis of CT
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196. Terkawi MA, Takano R, Kato K, “Differential Gene Expression Profile of Human Neutrophils
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197. Motomiya M, Funakoshi T, Ishizaka K, Nishida M, Matsui Y, Iwasaki N, “Blood Flow Changes in
Subsynovial Connective Tissue on Contrast‐Enhanced Ultrasonography in Patients with Carpal
Tunnel Syndrome Before and After Surgical Decompression,” Journal of Ultrasound in Medicine,37(7), 1597-1604, (2018). DOI: 10.1002/jum.14500
198. Sato D, Takahata M, Ota M, Fukuda C, Tsuda E, Shimizu T, Okada A, Hiruma Y, Hamano H,
Hiratsuka S, Fujita R, Amizuka N, Hasegawa T, Iwasaki N, “Siglec-15-Targeting Therapy Increases
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199. Kondo E, Yasuda K, Yabuuchi K, Aoki Y, Inoue M, Iwasaki N, Yagi T, “Inverted V–Shaped HighTibial Osteotomy for Medial Osteoarthritic Knees with Severe Varus Deformity,” Arthroscopy
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200. Momma D, Onodera T, Homan K, Matsubara S, Sasazawa F, Furukawa J, Matsuoka M, Yamashita
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Matsubara S, Homan K, Hishimura R, Iwasaki N, “Effects of Ultra-Purified Alginate Gel
Implantation on Meniscal Defects in Rabbits,” American Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(3), 640650, (2019). DOI: 10.1177/0363546518816690 *(1)202. Fukami S, Nakajima N, Okada H, Akimoto J, Miki T, Fukuhara H, Shishido-Hara Y, Nagao T, Tsuda
M, Kohno M, “Pathologic Findings and Clinical Course of Midline Paraventricular Gliomas
Diagnosed Using a Neuroendoscope,” World Neurosurgery, 114, e366-e377, (2018). DOI:
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203. Kondo T, Fujioka M, Tsuda M, Murai K, Yamaguchi K, Miyagishima T, Shindo M, Nagashima T,
Wakasa K, Fujimoto N, Yamamoto S, Yonezumi M, Saito S, Sato S, Ogawa K, Chou T, Watanabe
R, Kato Y, Takahashi S, Okano Y, Yamamoto J, Ohta M, Iijima H, Oba K, Kishino S, Sakamoto J,
Ishida Y, Ohba Y, Teshima T, “Pretreatment Evaluation of Fluorescence Resonance Energy TransferBased Drug Sensitivity Test for Patients with Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Treated with
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204. Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Hotta D, Nomura R, Nakagaki Y, Murahashi T, Kamiyama
K, Yoshimoto T, Aoki T, Tanaka S, “Stabilization of Symptomatic Carotid Atherosclerotic Plaquesby Statins: A Clinico-Pathological Analysis,” Heart and Vessels, 33(11), 1311-1324, (2018). DOI:
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205. Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Hotta D, Tanaka S, “Relationship Between Left Main andLeft Anterior Descending Arteries Bifurcation Angle and Coronary Artery Calcium Score in
Chronic Kidney Disease: A 3-Dimensional Analysis of Coronary Computed Tomography,” PLOS
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206. Yanagi T, Watanabe M, Hata H, Kitamura S, Imafuku K, Yanagi H, Homma A, Wang L, Takahashi
H, Shimizu H, Hatakeyama S, “Loss of TRIM29 Alters Keratin Distribution to Promote Cell
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208. Tanikawa S, Kato Y, Tanino M, Terasaka S, Kurokawa Y, Arai N, Nagashima K, Tanaka S, “Autopsy
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209. Yachi K, Tsuda M, Kohsaka S, Wang L, Oda Y, Tanikawa S, Ohba Y, Tanaka S, “miR-23a Promotes
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Transduction and Targeted Therapy, 3, 33, (2019). DOI: 10.1038/s41392-018-0033-6 *(1)(2)210. Yasukawa S, Kano S, Hatakeyama H, Nakamaru Y, Takagi D, Mizumachi T, Suzuki M, Suzuki T,
Nakazono A, Tanaka S, Nishihara H, Homma A, “Genetic Mutation Analysis of the Malignant
Transformation of Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma by Targeted Amplicon Sequencing,” International
Journal of Clinical Oncology, 23(5), 835-843, (2018). DOI: 10.1007/s10147-018-1296-1
211. Yamaguchi S, Ishi Y, Motegi H, Okamoto M, Kobayashi H, Hirata K, Oda Y, Tanaka S, Terasaka S,
Houkin K, “The Prognostic Improvement of Add-on Bevacizumab for Progressive Disease During
Concomitant Temozolomide and Radiation Therapy in the Patients with Glioblastoma andAnaplastic Astrocytoma,” Journal of Neurosurgical Sciences, 64(6), 502-508, (2018). DOI:
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212. Okada K, Endo T, Hashimoto D, Saga T, Ara T, Ogasawara R, Yasumoto A, Ibata M, Takahata M,
Shigematsu A, Kondo T, Muraosa Y, Nomura T, Kanno-Okada H, Hashino S, Tanaka S, Kamei K,
Teshima T, “Disseminated Fusariosis Emerged from Prolonged Local Genital Infection After Cord
Blood Transplantation,” Journal of Infection and Chemotherapy, 24(8), 660-663, (2018). DOI:
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213. Ishida Y, Tsuda M, Sawamura Y, Fujii K, Murai H, Horiuchi N, Orba Y, Sawa H, Hall WW,
Nagashima K, Tanaka S, “Integrated Diagnosis” of Pilocytic Astrocytoma: Molecular Diagnostic
Procedure for an Unusual Case,” Pathology International, 68(12), 694-699, (2018). DOI:
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M, Morioka M, Tanaka S, “Coexistence of Primary Colorectal Follicular Lymphoma and Multiple
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215. Mito K, Haque MA, Nakajima T, Uchiumi M, Kurokawa T, Nonoyama T, Gong JP, “Supramolecular
Hydrogels with Multi-Cylindrical Lamellar Bilayers: Swelling-Induced Contraction andAnisotropic
Molecular
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Polymer,
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T, Takagi Y, Yasuda K, Gong JP, “Anisotropic Tough Double Network Hydrogel from Fish
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217. Higa K, Kitamura N, Goto K, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Kanaya F, Yasuda K, “Effects of Osteochondral
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Ductile-Brittle Transition of Anisotropic Lamellar Hydrogels and Effect of Confinement on
Polymer
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221. Mredha MTI, Guo YZ, Nonoyama T, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, “A Facile Method
to Fabricate Anisotropic Hydrogels with Perfectly Aligned Hierarchical Fibrous Structures,”
Advanced Materials, 30(9), 1704937, (2018). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704937 *(1) (Top 10%
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222. Haque MA, Mito K, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Ilyas M, Gong JP, “Tough andVariable-Band-Gap Photonic Hydrogel Displaying Programmable Angle-Dependent Colors,” ACS
Omega, 3 (1), 55-62, (2018). DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01443 *(1)223. Takahashi R, Sun TL, Saruwatari Y, Kurokawa T, King DR, Gong JP, “Creating Stiff, Tough,and Functional Hydrogel Composites with Low Melting Point Alloys,” Advanced Materials,30(16), 1706885, (2018). DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706885 *(1)(2) (Top 10% paper)
224. Kajimoto K, Kikukawa T, Nakashima H, Yamaryo H, Saito Y, Fujisawa T, Demura M, Unno M,“Transient Resonance Raman Spectroscopy of a Light-Driven Sodium-Ion-Pump Rhodopsin from
Indibacter Alkaliphilus,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 121(17), 4431-4437, (2017). DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b02421 *(1)225. Kuddus MR, Yamano M, Rumi F, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Aizawa T, “Enhanced Expression of
Cysteine-Rich Antimicrobial Peptide Snakin-1 in Escherichia Coli Using an Aggregation-Prone
Protein Coexpression System,” Biotechnology Progress, 33(6), 1520-1528, (2017). DOI:
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226. Yokoyama Y, Tanaka H, Yano S, Takahashi H, Kikukawa T, Sonoyama M, Takenaka K,“Spontaneous Stacking of Purple Membranes During Immobilization with Physical Cross-Linked
Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Hydrogel with Retaining Native-Like Functionality of Bacteriorhodopsin,”
Journal of Applied Physics, 121(20), 204701, (2017). DOI: 10.1063/1.4984070 *(1)227. Inoue S, Yoshizawa S, Nakajima Y, Kojima K, Tsukamoto T, Kikukawa T, Sudo Y, “Spectroscopic
Characteristics of Rubricoccus Marinus Xenorhodopsin (RmXeR) and a Putative Model for Its
Inward H+ Transport Mechanism,” Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, 20(5), 3172-3183,(2018). DOI: 10.1039/C7CP05033J *(1)228. Fukuda N, Noi K, Weng LD, Kobashigawa Y, Miyazaki H, Wakeyama Y, Takaki M, Nakahara Y,
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Ohsaka F, Saito T, Maenaka K, Kumeta H, Shinya S, Kojima C, Ogura T, Morioka H,“Productionof Single-Chain Fv Antibodies Specific for GA-Pyridine, an Advanced Glycation End-Product(AGE), with Reduced Inter-Domain Motion,” Molecules, 22(10), 1695, (2017). DOI:
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Sugimoto R, Matsuoka S, Ara T, Yokoyama E, Yamakawa T, Ebata K, Kondo T, Hiramine R, Aizawa
T, Ogura Y, Hayashi T, Mori H, Kurokawa K, Tomizuka K, Ayabe T, Teshima T, “R-Spondin1
Expands Paneth Cells and Prevents Dysbiosis Induced by Graft-Versus-Host Disease,” Journal of
Experimental Medicine, 214(12), 3507-3518, (2017). DOI: 10.1084/jem.20170418 *(1)(2)230. Amrutha AS, Kumar KRS, Kikukawa T, Tamaoki N, “Targeted Activation of MolecularTransportation by Visible Light,” ACS Nano, 11(12), 12292-12301, (2017). DOI:
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J 1 Derived from the Pacific Mackerel,” Scientific Reports, 7, 17160, (2017). DOI: 10.1038/s41598017-17281-6 *(1)(2)232. Akiyama M, Sushida T, Ishida S, Haga H, “Mathematical Model of Collective Cell Migrations
Based on Cell Polarity,” Development, Growth & Differentiation, 59(5), 471-490, (2017). DOI:
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233. Sano KI, Iijima K, Nakayama N, Ijiro K, Osada Y, “Efficient Cellular Protein Transduction Using a

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234. Torii Y, Sugimura N, Mitomo H, Niikura K, Ijiro K, “pH-Responsive Coassembly of Oligo (ethylene
glycol)-Coated Gold Nanoparticles with External Anionic Polymers via Hydrogen Bonding,”
Langmuir, 33(22), 5537-5544, (2017). DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b01084 *(1)(2)235. Wei JJ, Niikura K, Mitomo H, Mastuo Y, Ijiro K, “Formation of Plasmonic Vesicles Through the
Self-Assembly of Sugar-Terminated Fluorinated Oligo(ethylene glycol) Ligand-Tethered Gold
Nanoparticles,” Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 17(12), 9149-9156, (2017). DOI:
10.1166/jnn.2017.14373 *(1)(2)236. Mitomo H, Nakamura S, Suzuki Y, Matsuo Y, Niikura K, Ijiro K, “Preparation and Characterizationof Double-Stranded DNA Brushes via Surface-Initiated Enzymatic Polymerization,” Journal of
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, 17(12), 8995-9001, (2017). DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2017.14367*(1)(2)237. Akita D, Schenz D, Kuroda S, Sato K, Ueda K, Nakagaki T, “Current Reinforcement Model
Reproduces Center-in-Center Vein Trajectory of Physarum Polycephalum,” Development, Growth& Differentiation, 59(5), 465-470, (2017). DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12384
238. Kunita I, Ueda KI, Akita D, Kuroda S, Nakagaki T, “Behavioural Differentiation Induced byEnvironmental Variation When Crossing a Toxic Zone in an Amoeba,” Journal of Physics D:
Applied Physics, 50, 354002, (2017). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa7a8e
239. Schenz D, Shima Y, Kuroda S, Nakagaki T, Ueda KI, “A Mathematical Model for Adaptive Vein
Formation During Exploratory Migration of Physarum Polycephalum: Routing While Scouting,”
Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, 50, 434001, (2017). DOI: 10.1088/1361-6463/aa88e9240. Iwata A, Kanayama M, Oha F, Hashimoto T, Iwasaki N, “Effect of Teriparatide (Rh-PTH 1-34)
Versus Bisphosphonate on the Healing of Osteoporotic Vertebral Compression Fracture: A
Retrospective Comparative Study,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 18, 148, (2017). DOI:
10.1186/s12891-017-1509-1
241. Kokabu T, Takahata M, Ishiguro N, Iwasaki N, “Long-Term Prognosis of Hematogenous Vertebral
Osteomyelitis: Mortality, Quality of Life, and Pain,” Journal of Orthopaedic Science, 22(5), 822827, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2017.05.017
242. Ohnishi T, Sudo H, Tsujimoto T, Iwasaki N, “Age-Related Spontaneous Lumbar Intervertebral Disc
Degeneration in a Mouse Model,” Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 36(1), 224-232, (2018). DOI:
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243. Kato K, Kamishima T, Kondo E, Onodera T, Ichikawa S, “Quantitative Knee Cartilage
Measurement at MR Imaging of Patients with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear,” Radiological
Physics and Technology, 10(4), 431-438, (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s12194-017-0415-4
244. Matsumae G, Motomiya M, Watanabe N, Iwasaki N, “‘Half-Folded’ Pedicled Scapular Bone Flap
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245. Seito N, Onodera T, Kasahara Y, Kondo E, Iwasaki N, Majima T, “Preoperative Knee Deformity
and Kinematics Impact Postoperative Knee Kinematics in Total Knee Arthroplasty,” Knee, 24(6),1462-1468, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2017.08.056
246. Hiratsuka S, Takahata M, Shimizu T, Hamano H, Ota M, Sato D, Iwasaki N, “Drug Therapy
Targeting Pyrophosphate Slows the Ossification of Spinal Ligaments in Twy Mice,” Journal of
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247. Terkawi MA, Hamasaki M, Takahashi D, Ota M, Kadoya K, Yutani T, Uetsuki K, Asano T, Irie T,
Arai R, Onodera T, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, “Transcriptional Profile of Human Macrophages
Stimulated by Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Particulate Debris of Orthopedic
Implants Uncovers a Common Gene Expression Signature of Rheumatoid Arthritis,” Acta
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249. Kimura-Suda H, Takahata M, Ito T, Shimizu T, Kanazawa K, Ota M, Iwasaki N, “Quick and Easy
Sample Preparation Without Resin Embedding for the Bone Quality Assessment of Fresh Calcified
Bone Using Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging,” PLOS One, 13(2), e0189650, (2018). DOI:
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250. Matsui Y, Funakoshi T, Momma D, Miyamoto A, Endo K, Furushima K, Fujisaki K, Iwasaki N,“Variation in Stress Distribution Patterns Across the Radial Head Fovea in Osteochondritis
Dissecans: Predictive Factors in Radiographic Findings,” Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery,27(5), 923-930, (2018). DOI: 10.1016/j.jse.2017.12.023
251. Sudo H, Abe Y, Kokabu T, Kuroki K, Iwata A, Iwasaki N, “Impact of Multilevel Facetectomy and
Rod Curvature on Anatomical Spinal Reconstruction in Thoracic Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis,”
Spine, 43(19), 1135-1142, (2018). DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002628
252. Konomi T, Suda K, Matsumoto S, Komatsu M, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, Minami A, “Awareness ofTraumatic Occult Lateral Mass Fracture of the Cervical Spine Triggered by the Presence ofUnilateral Vertebral Artery Occlusion: A Case Report,” Spinal Cord Series Cases, 4, 20, (2018).
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253. Matsumae G, Motomiya M, Iwasaki N, “Failed Reconstruction of the Extensor Pollicis Longus ina Patient with a Major Variation of the Extensor Indicis Proprius Tendon: A Case Report,” Journalof Hand Surgery Asian-Pacific, 23, 132, (2018). DOI: 10.1142/S2424835518720062
254. Matsui Y, Kawamura D, Kida H, Hatanaka KC, Iwasaki N, “Trigger Wrist Caused by Avascular
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255. Toyonaga T, Yamaguchi S, Hirata K, Kobayashi K, Manabe O, Watanabe S, Terasaka S, Kobayashi
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256. Soga K, Ishikawa K, Furuya T, Iida T, Yamada T, Ando N, Ota K, Kanno-Okada H, Tanaka S,
Shintaku M, Eishi Y, Mizusawa H, Yokota T, “Gene Dosage Effect in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type
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257. Yanagi T, Hata H, Mizuno E, Kitamura S, Imafuku K, Nakazato S, Wang L, Nishihara H, Tanaka S,
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Carcinoma and Regulates p27 Stability and Cell Cycle,” Journal of Dermatological Science, 86(2),149-157, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.02.281
258. Tateno T, Onozawa M, Hashiguchi J, Ishio T, Yuzawa S, Matsuoka S, Kosugi-Kanaya M, Okada K,
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T, Kondo T, Tanaka S, Hashino S, Teshima T, “Disseminated Toxoplasmosis After Hematopoietic
Stem Cell Transplantation Showing Unusual Magnetic Resonance Images,” Transplant Infectious
Disease, 19(4), e12720, (2017). DOI: 10.1111/tid.12720
259. Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Morita T, Hotta D, Nishihara H, Tanaka S, “Prognostic Valueof Eosinophil to Leukocyte Ratio in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction UndergoingPrimary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention,” Journal of Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis, 24(8),827-840, (2017). DOI: 10.5551/jat.37937
260. Misa K, Tanino Y, Wang X, Nikaido T, Kikuchi M, Sato Y, Togawa R, Tanino M, Tanaka S,
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261. Takiyama A, Teramoto T, Suzuki H, Yamashiro K, Tanaka S, “Persistent Homology Index as a
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262. Hirose T, Nobusawa S, Sugiyama K, Amatya VJ, Fujimoto N, Sasaki A, Mikami Y, Kakita A,
Tanaka S, Yokoo H, “Astroblastoma: A Distinct Tumor Entity Characterized by Alterations of the
X Chromosome and MN1 Rearrangement,” Brain pathology, 28(5), 684-694, (2018). DOI:
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263. Nakatani M, Watari H, Mitamura T, Wang L, Hatanaka Y, Hatanaka KC, Honda K, Nomura T,
Nishihara H, Tanaka S, Sakuragi N, “The Anti-tumor Effect of Cabozantinib on Ovarian Clear Cell
Carcinoma In Vitro and In Vivo,” Anticancer Research, 37(11), 6125-6132, (2017). DOI:
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264. Shimizu Y, Yasuda S, Kimura T, Nishio S, Kono M, Ohmura K, Shimamura S, Kono M, Fujieda Y,
Kato M, Oku K, Bohgaki T, Fukasawa Y, Tanaka S, Atsumi T, “Interferon-Inducible Mx1 Protein Is
Highly Expressed in Renal Tissues from Treatment-Naïve Lupus Nephritis, but Not in Those Under
Immunosuppressive Treatment,” Modern Rheumatology, 28(4), 661-669, (2018). DOI:
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265. Konishi T, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Morita T, Hotta D, Nomura R, Nakagaki Y, Murahashi T,
Kamiyama K, Yoshimoto T, Aoki T, Nishihara H, Tanaka S, “Pathological Quantification of Carotid
Artery Plaque Instability in Patients Undergoing Carotid Endarterectomy,” Circulation Journal,82(1), 258-266, (2018). DOI: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0204
266. Ishikawa M, Tanino MA, Miyazaki M, Kimura T, Ishida Y, Wang L, Tsuda M, Nishihara H,
Nagashima K, Tanaka S, “A Clinicopathological Analysis of Six Autopsy Cases of Sudden
Unexpected Death due to Infectious Aortitis in Patients with Aortic Tears,” Internal Medicine,57(10), 1375-1380, (2018). DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.8976-17
267. Yabe I, Yaguchi H, Kato Y, Miki Y, Takahashi H, Tanikawa S, Shirai S, Takahashi I, Kimura M,
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Hasegawa M, Nishihara H, Ohtsuka T, Tanaka S, Tsuboi Y, Hatakeyama S, Wakabayashi K, Sasaki
H, “Mutations in Bassoon in Individuals With Familial and Sporadic Progressive Supranuclear
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269. Wagner CE, Turner BS, Rubinstein M, McKinley GH, Ribbeck K, “A Rheological Study of the
Association and Dynamics of MUC5AC Gels,” Biomacromolecules, 18 (11), 3654-3664, (2017).
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270. Zhou JS, Wang YQ, Menard LD, Panyukov S, Rubinstein M, Ramsey JM, “Enhanced Nanochannel
Translocation and Localization of Genomic DNA Molecules Using Three-Dimensional
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271. Peters BL, Pike DQ, Rubinstein M, Grest GS, “Polymers at Liquid/Vapor Interface,” ACS Macro
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272. Ge T, Grest GS, Rubinstein M, “Nanorheology of Entangled Polymer Melts,” Physical Review
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273. Cho S, Kang S, Pandya A, Shanker R, Khan Z, Lee Y, Park J, Craig SL, Ko H, “Large-Area CrossAligned Silver Nanowire Electrodes for Flexible, Transparent, and Force-Sensitive
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274. Almomani A, Hong WYJ, Hong W, Montazami R, “Influence of Temperature on theElectromechanical Properties of Ionic Liquid-Doped Ionic Polymer-Metal Composite Actuators,”
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275. Quaroni GMG, Gennari CGM, Cilurzo F, Ducouret G, Creton C, Minghetti P, “Tuning the
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276. Callies X, Vechambre C, Fonteneau C, Herbst F, Chenal JM, Pensec S, Chazeau L, Binder WH,
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277. Bacca M, Creton C, McMeeking RM, “A Model for the Mullins Effect in Multinetwork
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278. Fumagalli M, Belal K, Guo H, Stoffelbach F, Cooke G, Marcellan A, Woisel P, Hourdet D,“Supramolecular Polymer Hydrogels Induced by Host-Guest Interactions with Di- [Cyclobis(Paraquat-P-Phenylene)] Cross-Linkers: From Molecular Complexation to Viscoelastic Properties,”
Soft Matter, 13(31), 5269-5282, (2017). DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01051f
279. Guo H, Mussault C, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, Sanson N, “Hydrogels with Dual Thermoresponsive
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280. Fidalgo J, Zografos K, Casanellas L, Lindner A, Oliveira MSN, “Customised Bifurcating Networks
for Mapping Polymer Dynamics in Shear Flows,” Biomicrofluidics, 11(6), 064106, (2017). DOI:
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281. Zhao MH, Lequeux F, Narita T, Roche M, Limat L, Dervaux J, “Growth and Relaxation of a Ridgeon a Soft Poroelastic Substrate,” Soft Matter, 14(1), 61-72, (2018). DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01757j
282. Even C, Marliere C, Ghigo JM, Allain JM, Marcellan A, Raspaud E, “Recent Advances in Studying
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283. Luna A, Pruvost M, Yuan JK, Zakri C, Neri W, Monteux C, Poulin P, Colin A, “Giant Electrostrictive
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284. Noirjean C, Marcellini M, Deville S, Kodger TE, Monteux C, “Dynamics and Ordering of Weakly
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285. Takahashi R, Ikura Y, King DR, Nonoyama T, Nakajima T, Kurokawa T, Kuroda H, Tonegawa Y,
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287. Kitamura N, Yokota M, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K, “In Vivo Cartilage Regeneration Induced
by a Double-Network Hydrogel: Evaluation of a Novel Therapeutic Strategy for Femoral Articular
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288. Yue YF, Li XF, Kurokawa T, Haque MA, Gong JP, “Decoupling Dual-Stimuli Responses in
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290. Higa K, Kitamura N, Kurokawa T, Goto K, Wada S, Nonoyama T, Kanaya F, Sugahara K, Gong JP,
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291. Wada S, Kitamura N, Nonoyama T, Kiyama R, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Yasuda K, “HydroxyapatiteCoated Double Network Hydrogel Directly Bondable to the Bone: Biological and Biomechanical
Evaluations of the Bonding Property in an Osteochondral Defect,” Acta Biomaterialia, 44, 125-134,(2016). DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.08.016 *(1)292. Cui KP, Sun TL, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, Chen L, Gong JP, “Stretching-Induced
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Muneyuki E, Kamo N, “Formation of M-Like Intermediates in Proteorhodopsin in Alkali Solutions(pH ≥ ∼8.5) Where the Proton Release Occurs First in Contrast to the Sequence at Lower pH,”
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294. Baek MH, Kamiya M, Kushibiki T, Nakazumi T, Tomisawa S, Abe C, Kumaki Y, Kikukawa T,
Demura M, Kawano K, Aizawa T, “Lipopolysaccharide-Bound Structure of the Antimicrobial
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295. Tsukamoto T, Yoshizawa S, Kikukawa T, Demura M, Sudo Y, “Implications for the Light-Driven
Chloride Ion Transport Mechanism of Nonlabens marinus Rhodopsin 3 by Its Photochemical
Characteristics,” Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 121(9), 2027-2038, (2017). DOI:
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Miyauchi S, Shimono K, Kamo N, “Existence of Two O-Like Intermediates in the Photocycle of
Acetabularia Rhodopsin II, a Light-Driven Proton Pump from a Marine Alga,” Biophysics andPhysicobiology, 14, 49-55, (2017). DOI: 10.2142/biophysico.14.0_49 *(1)297. Teshima T, Onoe H, Tottori S, Aonuma H, Mizutani T, Kamiya K, Ishihara H, Kanuka H, Takeuchi
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298. Sasaki N, Saitoh Y, Sharma RK, Furusawa K, “Determination of the Elastic Modulus of βLactoglobulin Amyloid Fibrils by Measuring the Debye-Waller Factor,” International Journal of
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299. Maki Y, Furusawa K, Dobashi T, Sugimoto Y, Wakabayashi K, “Small-Angle X-Ray and Light
Scattering Analysis of Multi-Layered Curdlan Gels Prepared by a Diffusion Method,” Carbohydrate
Polymers, 155, 136-145, (2017). DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.08.061
300. Iida R, Mitomo H, Matsuo Y, Niikura K, Ijiro K, “Thermoresponsive Assembly of Gold
Nanoparticles Coated with Oligo (Ethylene Glycol) Ligands with an Alkyl Head,” Journal of
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D, Ito T, Todoh M, Tadano S, Iwasaki N, “Autoimmune Arthritis Deteriorates Bone Quantity andQuality of Periarticular Bone in a Mouse Model of Rheumatoid Arthritis,” Osteoporosis
International, 28(2), 709-718, (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s00198-016-3781-6
303. Ota M, Takahata M, Shimizu T, Kanehira Y, Kimura-Suda H, Kameda Y, Hamano H, Hiratsuka S,

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Sato D, Iwasaki N, “Efficacy and Safety of Osteoporosis Medications in a Rat Model of Late-Stage
Chronic Kidney Disease Accompanied by Secondary Hyperparathyroidism andHyperphosphatemia,” Osteoporosis International, 28(4), 1481-1490, (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s00198016-3861-7
304. Kameda Y, Funakoshi T, Takeuchi S, Sugawara K, Iwasaki N, “Viability of Cells from Displaced
Fragments of the Elbow Osteochondritis Dissecans: Alternative Source of Autologous Chondrocyte
Implantation,” Arthroscopy: Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery, 33(2), 291-296, (2017).
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305. Matsuoka M, Onodera T, Homan K, Sasazawa F, Furukawa J, Momma D, Baba R, Hontani K,
Joutoku Z, Matsubara S, Yamashita T, Iwasaki N, “Depletion of Gangliosides Enhances Articular
Cartilage Repair in Mice,” Scientific Reports, 7, 43729, (2017). DOI: 10.1038/srep43729
306. Yuzawa S, Nishihara H, Yamaguchi S, Mohri H, Wang L, Kimura T, Tsuda M, Tanino M, Kobayashi
H, Terasaka S, Houkin K, Sato N, Tanaka S, “Clinical Impact of Targeted Amplicon Sequencing for
Meningioma as a Practical Clinical-Sequencing System,” Modern Pathology, 29(7), 708-716,(2016). DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.81
307. Kimura T, Wang L, Tabu K, Tsuda M, Tanino M, Maekawa A, Nishihara H, Hiraga H, Taga T, Oda
Y, Tanaka S, “Identification and Analysis of CXCR4-Positive Synovial Sarcoma-Initiating Cells,”
Oncogene, 35(30), 3932-3943, (2016). DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.461
308. Inamura N, Kimura T, Wang L, Yanagi H, Tsuda M, Tanino M, Nishihara H, Fukuda S, Tanaka S,“Notch1 Regulates Invasion and Metastasis of Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma by
Inducing EMT Through C-Myc,” Auris Nasus Larynx, 44(4), 447-457, (2017). DOI:
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309. Matsumoto R, Tsuda M, Yoshida K, Tanino M, Kimura T, Nishihara H, Abe T, Shinohara N,
Nonomura K, Tanaka S, “Aldo-Keto Reductase 1C1 Induced by Interleukin-1β Mediates theInvasive Potential and Drug Resistance of Metastatic Bladder Cancer Cells,” Scientific Reports, 6,34625, (2016). DOI: 10.1038/srep34625
310. Kato M, Nishihara H, Hayashi H, Kimura T, Ishida Y, Wang L, Tsuda M, Tanino MA, Tanaka S,“Clinicopathological Evaluation of Sox10 Expression in Diffuse-Type Gastric Adenocarcinoma,”
Medical Oncology, 34(1), 8, (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s12032-016-0865-2
311. Pandiyarajan CK, Rubinstein M, Genzer J, “Surface-Anchored Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Orthogonal Gradient Networks,” Macromolecules, 49 (14), 5076-5083, (2016). DOI:
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312. Choueiri RM, Galati E, Therien-Aubin H, Klinkova A, Larin EM, Querejeta-Fernandez A, Han LL,
Xin HL, Gang O, Zhulina EB, Rubinstein M, Kumacheva E, “Surface Patterning of Nanoparticles
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313. Paturej J, Sheiko SS, Panyukov S, Rubinstein M, “Molecular Structure of Bottlebrush Polymers in
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314. Everaers R, Grosberg AY, Rubinstein M, Rosa A, “Flory Theory of Randomly Branched Polymers,”
Soft Matter, 13(6), 1223-1234, (2017). DOI: 10.1039/c6sm02756c
315. Simon JR, Carroll NJ, Rubinstein M, Chilkoti A, Lopez GP, “Programming Molecular SelfAssembly of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins Containing Sequences of Low Complexit,” Nature
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316. Ge T, Kalathi JT, Halverson JD, Grest GS, Rubinstein M, “Nanoparticle Motion in Entangled Meltsof Linear and Nonconcatenated Ring Polymers,” Macromolecules, 50 (4), 1749-1754, (2017). DOI:
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317. Gonzalez MA, Simon JR, Ghoorchian A, Scholl Z, Lin ST, Rubinstein M, Marszalek P, Chilkoti A,
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318. Clough JM, Creton C, Craig SL, Sijbesma RP, “Covalent Bond Scission in the Mullins Effect of aFilled Elastomer, Real-Time Visualization with Mechanoluminescence,” Advanced Functional
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319. Wang JP, Kouznetsova TB, Craig SL, “Single-Molecule Observation of a Mechanically ActivatedCis-to-Trans Cyclopropane Isomerization,” Journal of the American Chemical Society, 138 (33),10410-10412, (2016). DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b06452
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Transformations of Composite Hydrogels with Bioinspired Layered Fibrous Structures,” Journal of
Materials Chemistry B, 4(44), 7075-7079, (2016). DOI: 10.1039/C6TB02178F
324. Feng XC, Ma Z, MacArthur JV, Giuffre CJ, Bastawros AF, Hong W, “A Highly Stretchable DoubleNetwork Composite,” Soft Matter, 12(44), 8999-9006, (2016). DOI: 10.1039/C6SM01781A
325. Yavas D, Shang X, Hong W, Bastawros AF, “Utilization of Nanoindentation to Examine Bond Line
Integrity in Adhesively Bonded Composite Structures,” International Journal of Fracture, 204(1),101-112, (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s10704-016-0165-z
326. Callies X, Herscher O, Fonteneau C, Robert A, Pensec S, Bouteiller L, Ducouret G, Creton C,“Combined Effect of Chain Extension and Supramolecular Interactions on Rheological andAdhesive Properties of Acrylic Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives,” ACS Applied Materials &Interfaces, 8 (48), 33307-33315, (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b11045
327. Villey R, Cortet PP, Creton C, Ciccotti M, “In-Situ Measurement of the Large Strain Response of
the Fibrillar Debonding Region During the Steady Peeling of Pressure Sensitive Adhesives,”
International Journal of Fracture, 204(2), 175-190, (2017). DOI: 10.1007/s10704-016-0171-1
328. Elziere P, Dalle-Ferrier C, Creton C, Barthel E, Ciccotti M, “Large Strain Viscoelastic Dissipation
During Interfacial Rupture in Laminated Glass,” Soft Matter, 13(8), 1624-1633, (2017). DOI:
10.1039/c6sm02785g
329. Belal K, Stoffelbach F, Lyskawa J, Fumagalli M, Hourdet D, Marcellan A, De Smet L, de la Rosa
VR, Cooke G, Hoogenboom R, Woisel P, “Recognition-Mediated Hydrogel Swelling Controlled byInteraction with a Negative Thermoresponsive LCST Polymer,” Angewandte Chemie International
Edition, 55(45), 13974-13978, (2016). DOI: 10.1002/anie.201605630
330. Guo H, Sanson N, Marcellan A, Hourdet D, “Thermoresponsive Toughening in LCST-Type
Hydrogels: Comparison between Semi-Interpenetrated and Grafted Networks,” Macromolecules,
49 (24), 9568-9577, (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02188
331. Clement E, Lindner A, Douarche C, Auradou H, “Bacterial Suspensions Under Flow,” European
Physical Journal Special Topics, 225(1112),2389-2406, (2016). DOI: 10.1140/epjst/e2016-60068-6
332. Narita T, Indei T, “Microrheological Study of Physical Gelation in Living Polymeric Networks,”
Macromolecules, 49 (12), 4634-4646, (2016). DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b00745

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3) Review/Others
1.

【Review】Nonoyama T, Gong JP, “Tough Double Network Hydrogel and Its Biomedical
Applications,” Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, published online(2021). DOI: 10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101220-080338 *(1)2.

【Review】Cui KP, Gong JP, “Aggregated Structures and Their Functionalities in Hydrogels,”
Aggregate, published online (2021). DOI: 10.1002/agt2.33 *(1)3.

【Review】Nakamura S, Mitomo H, Ijiro K, “Assembly and Active Control of Nanoparticles using
Polymer Brushes as a Scaffold,” Chemistry Letters, (2020). DOI: 10.1246/cl.200767 *(1)(2)4.

【Commentary】Aizawa T, Demura M, Gohara K, Haga H, Ishimori K, Kinjo M, Komatsuzaki T,
Maenaka K, Yao M, “Biophysical Research in Hokkaido University, Japan,” Biophysical Reviews,
12(2), 233-236, (2020). DOI:10.1007/s12551-020-00649-w

5.

【Review】Schenz D, Nishigami Y, Sato K, Nakagaki K, “Uni-Cellular Integration of Complex
Spatial Information in Slime Moulds and Ciliates,” Current Opinion in Genetics & Development,
57, 78-83, (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2019.06.012 *(1)(2)6.

【Case Report】Ishizu H, Shimizu T, Kaibara T, Asano T, Terkawi MA, Takahashi D, Iwasaki N,“Bilateral Subchondral Insufficiency Fractures of the Femoral Head in a Normally Active
Adolescent Patient: A Case Report,” Journal of Orthopaedic Science, S0949-2658(19), 30148-4,(2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2019.05.013

7.

【Review】Motomiya M, Sakazaki T, Iwasaki N, “Atypical Osteochondroma of the Hamate That
Presented Clinically as Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Report of an Extremely Rare Case and Literature
Review,” BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 21(1), (2020). DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03272-8

8.

【Editorial Material】Asayama B, Seo Y, Ozaki Y, Tanikawa S, Hirose T, Tanaka S, Nakamura H,“A 41 Year-Old Woman with a Mass in the Posterior Cranial Fossa,” Brain Pathology, 29(5), 699700, (2019). DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12771

9.

【Editorial Material 】Konishi T, Yamamoto T, Hayakawa M, Iwasa S, Tsukui H, Tanaka S,“Multimodal Imaging of Right Coronary Artery to Left Ventricle Fistula Complicated by Large
Coronary Aneurysm,” Cardiology Journal, 26(1), 93-94, (2019). DOI: 10.5603/CJ.2019.0012

10. 【Editorial Material】Konishi T, Murakami H, Tanaka S, “Woman in Her 50s With Shortness ofBreath on Exertion,” Heart, 105(2), 106-111, (2018). DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2018-313655
11. 【Review; Book Chapter】du Roure O, Lindner A, Nazockdast EN, Shelley MJ, “Dynamics of
Flexible Fibers in Viscous Flows and Fluids,” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, 51, 539-572,(2019). DOI: 10.1146/annurev-fluid-122316-045153 *(1)12. 【Review】Demouveaux B, Gouyer V, Magnien M, Plet S, Gottrand F, Narita T, Desseyn JL, “The
Structure of Mucins Conditions the Viscoelastic Properties of the Mucus Gel,” MS-Medecine
Sciences, 34(10), 806-812, (2018). DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2018206 *(1)13. 【Case Report】Konomi T, Suda K, Matsumoto S, Komatsu M, Takahata M, Iwasaki N, Minami
A, “Two-Stage Corrective Surgery for Severe Rigid Cervical Kyphotic Deformity With Unilateral
Vertebral Artery Occlusion After Old Blunt Trauma: A Case Report,” Spinal Cord Series Cases, 4,18, (2018). DOI: 10.1038/s41394-018-0051-1
14. 【Editorial Material】Konishi T, Hotta D, Funayama N, Yamamoto T, Nishihara H, Tanaka S,“Pathologically Dissimilar Acute Stent Thromboses in a Metal Allergic Patient,” Coronary Artery
Disease, 28(2), 175-176, (2017). DOI: 10.1097/MCA.0000000000000432
15. 【News Item】Craig SL, “Polymer Mechanochemistry: Up Another Rung,” Nature Chemistry, 9,1154-1155, (2017). DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2902
16. 【Editorial Material】Creton C, “Polymers Molecular Stitches for Enhanced Recycling of

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Packaging an Additive Creates Tough Blends From Waste Polyethylene and Polypropylene,”
Science, 355(6327), 797-798, (2017). DOI: 10.1126/science.aam5803 *(1)17. 【Review】Creton C, “50th Anniversary Perspective: Networks and Gels: Soft but DynamicandTough,”
Macromolecules,
50(21),8297-8316,(2017).
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.7b01698 *(1) (Top1% paper)
18. 【Editorial Material】Dumont D, Houze M, Rambach P, Salez T, Patinet S, Damman P, “Emergent
Strain Stiffening in Interlocked Granular Chains,” Physical Review Letters, 120, 088001, (2018).
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.088001 *(1)(2)
19. 【Editorial Material】 Lindner A, Arratia PE, “Preface to Special Topic: Invited Articles on
Microfluidic Rheology,” Biomicrofluidics, 10(4), 043301, (2016). DOI: 10.1063/1.4961681

4) Books
1.

Riku Takahashi, Jian Ping Gong: “Stimulus-Responsive Polymer Handbook, Chapter 3, Material
Desig, Section 3 New Design of High-Strength/High-Toughness Gel Developed by Sacrificial
Bonds,” Supervised by Takashi Miyata, NS, pp. 195-202, (2018). ISBN: 978-4-86043-535-6
C3043

2.

Takayuki Murosaki, Jian Ping Gong: “Next-Generation Biomimetic Research Frontline-Learn
from Biodiversity, Chapter 2, Functional Elucidation, 7 Why Barnacles Do Not Attach toSeaweeds-Development of Antibiotic Adhesive Gels Learned From Seaweeds-,” supervised by
Masatsugu Shimomura, edited by Biomimetics Research Society, Si-Mushi-Publishing, pp.99-109,(2017). ISBN: 978-4-47813-1217-0

3.

Takayuki Nonoyama, Takayuki Kurokawa, Kazunori Yasuda, Jian Ping Gong: “Chapter 12
Application of Gels to Other Medical Materials and Gelation Technology, Section 2 Developmentof Double Network Gel That Is Hard, Soft and Stretches Well, "How to Use Gelling/Thickening
Agent, How to Choose, Casebook,” Planning and Editing: Technical Information Association,
Technical Information Association, pp.596–604, (2018). ISBN: 978-4-86104-691-9-3043

5) Verbal Presentations
Plenary Lectures
1.

Takahiro Matsuda, Ryo Namba, Tasuku Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong: “Self-Growing Double
Network Hydrogels by Repetitive Mechanical Training,” Frontiers in Polymer Science2019,
Novotel Budapest Congress Centre, Budapest, Hungary, 2019.5.8 [International conference]

2.

Takahiro Matsuda, Tasuku Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong: “Self-Growing Hydrogels by MechanicalTraining,” 7th Asian Symposium on Advanced Materials (ASAM-7), Beijing Institute ofPetrochemical Technology, China, 2019.9.5[International conference]

3.

Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogels with Reversible Sacrificial Bonds-From Toughness to Bioadhesion toSoft Composites,” The Adhesion Society 41st Annual Meeting and 6th World Congress on
Adhesion and Related Phenomena (WCARP), Catamaran Resort Hotel, San Diego, CA, USA,2018.3.1[International conference]

4.

Jian Ping Gong: “Tough Soft Composites Based on Sacrificial Bond Mechanism,” The 2nd
International Symposium for Advanced Gel Materials & Soft Matters (ISAGMSM), Renaissance
Guiyang Hotel, Guiyang, Guizhou, China, 2017.8.21[International conference]

5.

Jian Ping Gong: “Tough Soft Materials with Sacrificial Bonds,” The 1st International Symposium
on Advanced Gel Materials & Soft Matters, ISAGMSM, Xijiao Hotel Beijing, Beijing, China,
2016.10.14[International conference]

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Keynote Speeches
1.

Jian Ping Gong: “Fiber Reinforced Hydrogels with Extra-Ordinarily High Toughness,” Materials
Research Meeting 2019 (MRM2019), Yokohama Symposia, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 2019.12.12[International conference]2.

Kuniharu Ijiro: “Self-Assembly of Rod-Shaped Au Nanoparticles and those Plasmonic Functions,”
15th IUPAC International Conference on Novel Materials and their Synthesis (NMS-XV),
Renaissance Shenyang West Hotel, Shenyang, China, 2019.9.8[International conference]3.

Kenji Urayama, Thanh-Tam Mai, Hiroki Koike, Akira Tanaka, Takahiro Matsuda, Tasuku
Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong: “Nonlinear Elasticity and Internal Fracture of Double Network
Hydrogels Characterized by Multiaxial Stretching,” The 7th Pacific Rim Conference on Rheology(PRCR2018), Phoenix Jeju, Jeju, Korea, 2018.6.13[International conference]

4.

Jian Ping Gong: “Deformation of 1D Photonic Hydrogels with Lipid Bilayers,” The 4thInternational Workshop on Soft Machines and Mechanics, Wyndham Grand Hotel, Xi’an City,
Shaanxi Province, China, 2018.6.16[International conference]

5.

Takahiro Matsuda, Ryo Namba, Runa Kawakami, Tasuku Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong:“Autonomous Mechanical Remodelling of Double Network Hydrogels,” 82nd Prague Meeting on
Macromolecules - Polymer Networks and Gels 2018 and 24th Polymer Network Group Meeting(PNG2018), Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Prague, Czech, 2018.6.18[International
conference]

6.

Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Transport Network Designed by Current-Reinforcement Rule,” Annual
Meeting of Society of Mathematical Biology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 2018.7.9[International conference]

7.

Kuniharu Ijiro: “Development of Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanostructure Assembly and those
Applications,” 14th IUPAC International Conference on Novel Materials and their Synthesis(NMS-XIV), South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China, 2018.10.23[International
conference]

8.

Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Ethology of the Plasmodium of Physarum Polycepharum,” 9th International
Congress of Systematics and Ecology of Myxomycetes, Kinan Cultural Hall, Wakayama, Japan,
2017.8.19[International conference]

9.

Katsuhiko Sato: “Direction-Dependent Contraction Forces on Cell Boundaries Induce Collective
Migration of Epithelial Cells within their Sheet,” 17th International Conference CoMFoS17:
Mathematical Analysis of Continuum Mechanics, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology
Graduate University (OIST), Okinawa, Japan, 2017.9.20[International conference]

10. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Self-assembled Nanoparticles as Photonic and Biological Nanomaterials,”International Symposium on Materials for Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE 2017), Kyushu
University, Fukuoka, Japan, 2017.2.3[International conference]
11. Jian Ping Gong: “Self-healing and Self-Adjustable Adhesion of Polyampholyte Hydrogels,” The11th International Gel Symposium (GelSympo2017), Nihon University Tsudanuma Campus,
Chiba, Japan, 2017.3.7[International conference]

Invited Lectures
1.

Takayuki Kurokawa: “Friction of Polymer gel,” 69th The Society of Polymer Science Japan (SPSJ)
Annual Meeting, (Cancelled due to COVID-19, the Presentation is Valid), 2020.5.27[International
conference]

2.

Takayuki Kurokawa: “Polymer Gel Research Tutorial,” 69th Symposium on Macromolecules,
Online, Oral, 2020.9.16

3.

Takayuki Kurokawa: “Hydrogel Surface Friction Dynamics,” 10th CSJ Chemistry Festa, Online,

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2020.10.21
4.

Daniel R. King: “There and Back Again: How an Internship in Japan Sparked a New Journey,”
10th CSJ Chemistry Festa, “Let’s Enjoy Chemistry in Japan! / Enjoy chemistry in Japan!” Session,
Online， 2020.10.22

5.

Jian Ping Gong: “Dynamic Hydrogels Inspired from Nature,” 95th Young Polymer Scientists,
Online， 2020.11.14

6.

Jian Ping Gong: “Design and Creation of High Toughness Composite,” 29th Polymer Material
Forum, Online， 2020.11.26

7.

Tasuku Nakajima: “It’s Like a Living Thing! The World of High-Performance Composite gel,”
176th Symposium on Macromolecules, Online, 2020.12.5

8.

Jian Ping Gong: “Self-Growing and Strengthening of Double Network Hydrogels by MechanicalTraining,” Extreme Mechanics Letter (EML) Webinar, Online, 2020.12.99.

Jian Ping Gong: “Polymer Physics/Physical Chemistry,” ACS Macro Letters 10th Anniversary
Lecture/Webinar Series, Online, January-March, 2021.3.3

10. Takahiro Matsuda, Ryo Namba, Tasuku Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong: “Self-Growing Hydrogels byRepetitive Mechanical Training,” The 3rd International Symposium for Advanced Gel Materials &Soft Matters, Academic Lecture Hall, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, China,
2019.6.16[International Conference]
11. Daniel R. King, Tsuyoshi Okumura, Riku Takahashi, Takayuki Kurokawa, Jian Ping Gong:“Macroscale Double Networks: Design Criteria for Optimizing Strength and Toughness,” Joint
Meeting of the 5th International Symposium of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics 2019 (ISFSE
2019) and the 5th International Workshop on Soft Machines and Mechanics 2019 (IWSMM 2019),
Southern University of Science and Technology Research Building 1 Lecture Hall, Shenzhen,
Guandong, China, 2019.6.29[International Conference]
12. Takayuki Nonoyama, Ryuji Kiyama, Kazuki Fukao, Kazuki Tanaka, Naohiro Kashimura, Jian Ping
Gong: “Bone-Inspired Soft Composite Possessing Osteo-Activity,” Joint Meeting of the 5thInternational Symposium of Flexible and Stretchable Electronics 2019 (ISFSE 2019) and the 5thInternational Workshop on Soft Machines and Mechanics 2019 (IWSMM 2019), Southern
University of Science and Technology Research Building 1 Lecture Hall, Shenzhen, Guandong,
China, 2019.6.29[International conference]
13. Daniel R. King: “Macroscale Double Networks: A Universal Method for Improving the Strengthand Toughness of Soft Materials,” Seminar at South China University of Technology, South China
University of Technology, Guangzhou, China, 2019.7.1[International conference]
14. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Bone-Inspired Soft Ceramics Possessing Osteo-Activity,” Seminar at South
China University of Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China,
2019.7.1 [International conference]
15. Daniel R. King: “Macroscale Double Networks: Extending the “Double Network Concept” toLarge Length-Scales,” Seminar at the University of Tokyo, The University of Tokyo Kashiwa
Campus, Kashiwa, 2019.7.8
16. Daniel R. King: “Macroscale Double Networks: Expanding the “Sacrificial Bond Concept” toLarge Length-Scales,” ECI Colloidal, Macromolecular and Biological Gels II, Maryborough Hoteland Spa, Cork, Ireland, 2019.7.22[International conference]
17. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Quick & Reversible Thermo-Robustizing Hydrogels Exhibiting 1000 Times
Modulus Jump,” International Symposium on Biopolymer Synthesis and Degradation, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, 2019.7.29 [International conference]

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18. Takayuki Kurokawa: “Activity Measurement of Polyelectrolyte in Hydrogels by Microelectrode
Technique,” International Congress on Pure & Applied Chemistry (ICPAC Yangon 2019), Rose
Garden Hotel, Yangon, Myanmar, 2019.8.7[International conference]
19. Jian Ping Gong: “Self-Growing Materials under Mechanical Training,” JST CREST International
Workshop: New Developments toward Wearable Photonics: From Materials to Devices CREST,
Akibaplaza, Tokyo, 2019.10.7 [International conference]
20. Takayuki Nonoyama, Yong Woo Lee, Kumi Ota, Keigo Fujioka, Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogel
Possessing Rubbery-to-Glassy Transition at Elevated Temperature,” 2019 National Polymer
Congress of CHINA / China Japan Joint Symposium for Young Polymer Scientists, Northwestern
Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China, 2019.10.18 [International conference]
21. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Robust Phase-Separation Induced Rubbery-to-Glassy Transition at
Elevated Temperature,” Seminar at Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Shaanxi
University of Science & Technology, Xi’an, China, 2019.10.20 [International conference]
22. Jian Ping Gong: “Strengthening materials using weak bonds-A novel strategy,” Millennium
Science Forum (MSF), British Embassy, Japan, 2019.11.22[International conference]
23. Jian Ping Gong: “Self-Growing Hydrogels by Mechanical Training,” Seminar at ESPCI, Paris,
France,2019.11.27[International conference]
24. Md Anamul Haque, Most Laboni Begum, Sobuj Roy, Mehedi Hasan, Ajadur Rahman Sakil, Md
Aftab Ali Shaikh, Jian Ping Gong: “Fabrication of Hydrogel Composite for Removal of Dyes andHeavy Metals from Water,” Conference for Enviromental Solutions and Sustainable Development:
Towards Developed Bangladesh (CESSD 2019), Nawab Ali Chowdhury Senate Building,
University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2019.11.27-29[International conference]
25. Takahiro Matsuda, Tasuku Nakajima, Jian Ping Gong: “Self-growing hydrogels by repetitive
mechanical training,” CEMS International Symposium on Supramolecular Chemistry andFunctional Materials 2019 (CEMSupra2019), Tokyo University, 2019.12.10[International
conference]
26. Daniel R. King: “Macroscale Double Networks: Extending the ‘Double Network Concept’ to Large
Length-Scales,” Seminar at University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,PA, 2019.12.13[International conference]
27. Tasuku Nakajima: “Self-Growing Hydrogels Inspired by Biological Metabolism,” 2020 Gordon
Research Conference on Multifunctional Materials and Structures, Ventura Beach Marriott,
Ventura, CA, USA, 2020.1.20[International conference]
28. Tomoyasu Aizawa: “Development and Application of Novel Overexpression Systems for NMR
Analysis of Antimicrobial Peptides,” 2nd India-Japan Workshop on Magnetic Resonance, Tata
Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Hyderabad, India, 2019.12.10[International
conference]
29. Mitomo Hideyuki: “Active Gap Control of Gold Nanodots using Gels in Nanoscale,” The 3rdInternational Symposium for Advanced Gel Materials & Soft Matters (ISAGMSM), Shaanxi
University of Science and Technology (SUST), Xi’an, China, 2019.6.16[International conference]
30. Ijiro Kuniharu: “Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanoparticle Assembly and Those Applications,” 10th
International Conference on Materials for Advanced Technologies (ICMAT 2019), Marina Bay
Sands, Singapore, 2019.6.24[International conference]
31. Ijiro Kuniharu: “DNA Brush-Directed Aligning Self-Assembly of Gold Nanorods as Photonic
Nanomaterials,” 16th European Conference on Organized Films (ECOF16), Université Paris
Descartes, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, Paris, 2019.7.10[International Conference]
32. Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Adaptive Motion in Protozoan Ciliate,” ICMMA 2019 Int. Conf. on SpatioTemporal Patterns on Various Levels of Hierarchy of Life, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan,
2019.12.9[International conference]

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33. Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Nature-Inspired Design of Transport Network ～How the Natural System
Works Properly~,” The 2nd General Assembly Meeting of The Association of Institutions ofHigher Education of The Russian Federation and Japan. The 2nd Russia-Japan Student Forum,
Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, 2019.9.24[International conference]
34. Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Transport Network in Living Systems Designed by Current-Reinforcement
Rule,” The 13th Annual qBio Conference, San Francisco State University, San Francisco,California, USA, 2019.8.3[International Conference]
35. Katsuhiko Sato: “Direction-Dependent Contraction Forces on Cell Boundaries Induce Collective
Migration of Epithelial Cells within their Sheet,” GSS International Mini-Symposium “Soft Matter
Deformation and Function,” Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 2019.7.17[International Conference]
36. Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Adaptive Development of Biological Network Based on Use-and-GrowthRule,” Exploratory Workshop on Geometry of Complex Web 2020, Hotel Eurotel Victoria, Les
Diablerets, Swiss, 2020.2.3[International Conference]
37. Katsuhiko Sato: “Left-Right Asymmetric Aggregation in Chlamydomonas”, 2019 RIMS Workshop"Mathematical Methods in Biofluid Mechanics,” The Westin Hotel Awaji Island Resort &Conference Center, Awaji, Japan, 2019.10.30[International Conference]
38. Eiji Kondo: “Inverted V-shaped High Tibial Osteotomy for Medial Osteoarthritis of the Knee with
Severe Varus Deformity,” Grand Hilton, Seoul, Korea, 2019.10.17[International Conference]
39. Tomohiro Onodera: “The Effect of the First Metatarsal Shortening in the Modified Lapidus
procedure,” Grand Hilton Seoul, Seoul, Korea, 2019.10.18[International Conference]
40. Sinya Tanaka: “Engineered Hydrogels for Rapid Induction of Cancer Stem Cells,” The38th
Sapporo International Cancer Symposium, Royton Sapporo, 2019.7.12[International Conference]
41. Sinya Tanaka: “Engineered Hydrogels for Rapid Induction of Cancer Stem Cells,” 2nd Joint
Symposium China Medical University and Hokkaido University, Faculty of Medicine., China
Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan, 2019.9.3[International Conference]
42. Sinya Tanaka: “Morphology and Genetic Features of Meningioma,” The Asian Society of NeuroOncology (ASNO)2019, HNBK International Convention Center, Taipei, Taiwan,
2019.9.26[International Conference]
43. Masumi Tsuda: “Rapid Induction of Cancer Stem Cells on Double-Network Hydrogels andTherapeutic Application,” The 10th Meeting of Asian Cellular Therapy Organization（JSBTACTO Joint Symposium）Sapporo Education & Culture Hall, Sapporo, 2019.11.7[International
Conference]
44. Eiji Kondo: “Biological and Biomechanical Effects of Remnant-Preserving ACLR,” The 12th
biennial Congress of International Society of Arhroscopy, Knee Surgery and Orthopaedic Sports
Medicine, Cancun International Convention Center, Cancun, Mexico, 2019.5.13[International
Conference]
45. Daniel R. King: “Applying the Double Network Concept on the Macroscale,” Special Seminar at
North Carolina State University, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA, 2018.6.7[International conference]
46. Jian Ping Gong: “Tough Physical Double Network Hydrogels Based on Tri-Block Copolymers,”
The 13th International Symposium on Polymer Physics (PP’2018), Xi’an International ConferenceCenter, Xi’an City, Shaanxi Province, China, 2018.6.14[International Conference]
47. Jian Ping Gong: “In Vivo Robust Bonding of Double Network Hydrogels to Bones,” MACRO2018,
The Cairns Conference Centre, Cairns, Australia, 2018.7.2[International Conference]
48. Hisashi Haga: “Collective Movement and 3D Morphogenesis of Epithelial Cells Responding to
Viscoelastic Substrates,” Japan-Toronto Morphogenesis Symposium, The Peter Gilgan Centre for
Research and Learning, Toronto, Canada, 2018.7.17[International Conference]

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49. Takashi Tsukamoto: “Photochemical Properties of Microbial Rhodopsin Pumps and Channels,”
Asia Pasific Society for Biology and Medical Sciences (APSBMS) 2018 Annual Meeting, Sapporo
Convension Center, Sapporo, 2018.7.21[International Conference]
50. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Spontaneous Osteogenesis Penetration into Soft Material: A Simple &Natural Approach to Fix Materials in Body,” APSBMS 2018 Annual Meeting, Sapporo Convention
Center, Sapporo, 2018. 7.23[International conference]
51. Daniel R. King: “Applying the Double Network Principle on the Macroscale,” International
Symposium on Soft Matter: Interface and Active Materials, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology (BUCT), Beijing, China, 2018.7.24[International conference]
52. Jian Ping Gong: “Novel Hydrogels with Reversible Sacrificial Bonds- From Toughness to Wet
Adhesion to Composites -,” Japan-Korea Joint Symposium on Polymer Science 2018 (JKJS2018),
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 2018.7.24[International conference]
53. Hideyuki Mitomo: “Alignment Change of AuNRs on the DNA Brush Substrates by the Applied
Electric Field towards Active Plasmonic Control,” SPIE optics + Photonics, San Diego Convention
Center, San Diego, California, USA, 2018.8.19[International conference]
54. Takayuki Kurokaw: “Effect of Anisotropic compliance on Adhesion in Water,” First International
Conference on 4D Materials and Systems (M01 Gel Symposium 2018), Yamagata University,
Yonezawa, Yamagata, 2018.8.26-30[International Conference]
55. Daniel R. King, Tsuyoshi Okumura, Riku Takahashi, Jian Ping Gong: “Creating ‘Double network’
Composites via Macroscale Reinforcement,” First International Conference on 4D Materials andSystems (M01 Gel Symposium 2018), Yamagata University, Yonezawa, Yamagata,2018.8.27[International Conference]
56. Shinya Tanaka: “Novel Analysis of Meningioma Stem Cells by Hydrogel Engineering,” The 19thInternational Congress of Neuropathology (ICN2018) Symposium, Keio Plaza Hotel Tokyo,
2018.9.25 [International Conference]
57. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Thermoresponsive Hydrogel Possessing Reversible Super Modulus
Jumping,” Bangladesh Chemical Congress 2018, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh,2018.10.17-19 [International Conference]
58. Shinya Tanaka: “Frontier in Brain Tumor Pathology: Morphology and Genetic Features ofMeningioma,” Pre-Congress Meeting for ASNO2018. Joint Session between C-SNO and JSBTP,
Crowne Plaza Beijing Lido, Beijin, China, 2018.10.26[International Conference]
59. Shinya Tanaka: “Morphology and Genetic Features of Meningioma,” The 15th Meeting of AsianSociety of Neuro-Oncology (ASNO2018), Crowne Plaza Beijing Lido, Beijin, China, 2018.10.2728 [International Conference]
60. Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogels with Dynamic Sacrificial Bonds-From Toughness to Adhesion to
Composites –,” The 9th International Conference on Multiscale Materials Modeling (MMM2018),
Osaka, 2018.10.28[International Conference]
61. Takayuki Kurokawa: “Effect of Inhomogeneous Compliance Induced by Fiber Orientation in
Polyampholyte Hydrogel on Adhesion in Water,” International Congress on Pure & Applied
Chemistry (ICPAC) 2018, Bayview Hotel Langkawi, Langkawi, Malaysia, 2018.10.3011.2[International Conference]
62. Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Adaptive Transport Network in a Living System Designed by CurrentReinforcement-Rule,” South Lake Workshop in Bioinformatics and System Biology, Wuhan
University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China, 2018.11.18[International Conference]
63. Daniel R. King: “Embracing Internationality: Becoming a Faculty Member Abroad,” MRS Fall2018 Meeting: The Future of Materials Science Academia–Preparing for a career in Higher
Education, Hynes Convention Center and Adjacent Sheraton Boston Hotel, Boston, MA, USA,2018.11.26 [International Conference]

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64. Jian Ping Gong: “Multi-scale Design of Hydrogels with Reversible Sacrificial Bonds -FromToughness to Adhesion to Composites –,” Soft Matter Physics: from the perspective of the essential
heterogeneity, Kyushu University Nishijin Plaza, Fukuoka, 2018.12.10-12[International
Conference]
65. Jian Ping Gong: “Toughening Soft Materials with Sacrificial Bonds,” 50th Anniversary of
Macromolecules Sympo at the 253rd ACS National Meeting, Moscone Center, San Francisco,USA, 2017.4.3[International Conference]
66. Hideyuki Mitomo: “Polymer-Supported Self-assembly of Gold Nanoparticles,” IC ME&D 2017,
Sogang University, Seoul, Korea, 2017.5.18[International Conference]
67. Daniel R. King: “Taking Inspirations from Nature to Design Functional Composite Materials,”
Seminar at Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing University of Chemical
Technology, Beijing, China, 2017.5.23[International Conference]
68. Jian Ping Gong: “Could We Observe the Single Chain Behavior at Ultimate Extension via Double
Network Gel?” 2017 Telluride Science Research Conference (TSRC) on Polymer Physics,
Telluride, Colorado, USA, 2017.6.29[International Conference]
69. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Self-Assembly of Nanoparticles in Solution and at Surface,” International
Workshop on Active Soft Matter and Ethology Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido,
2017.8.4[International Conference]
70. Hideyuki Mitomo: “DNA Brush-Assisted Vertical Alignment of Gold Nanorods and those Chiral
Plasmonics,” SPIE Optics + Photonics, San Diego Convention Center, San Diego, California, USA,2017.8.10[International Conference]
71. Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogels with Reversible Sacrificial Bonds: Tough, Self-healing, Adhesion,”International Symposium on Advanced Polymeric Materials 2017 (ISAPM 2017), Changchun
University of Science and Technology, Changchun, China, 2017.8.28[International Conference]
72. Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogels with Reversible Sacrificial Bonds: Tough, Self-healing, Adhesion,”
Seminar at Changchun Applied Chemistry Institute, Changchun Applied Chemistry Institute,
Changchun, China, 2017.8.30[International Conference]
73. Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogels Based on Polymer Association: Toughness, Self-Healing, andAdhesion,” SUPOLEN, Aledemar Knossos Royal Hotel, Crete, Greece, 2017.9.20[International
Conference]
74. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Soft Ceramics -Double Network Tough Hydrogels Meet Bioceramics,”
ASAM-6, Hoa Binh Hotel, Hanoi, Vietnam, 2017.9.28[International Conference]
75. Norimasa Iwasaki: “Elbow Disorders in Athletes: Capitellar OCD in Young Throwers: How do We
Manage it?” The 1st Asia-pacific Shoulder & Elbow Symposium, Prince Hotel, Tokyo, Japan,
2017.10.7 [International Conference]
76. Kuniharu Ijiro: “DNA-Directed Aligning Self-Assembly of Gold Nanorods as Plasmonic
Nanomaterials,” 13th IUPAC International Conference on Novel Materials and their Synthesis(NMS-XIII), Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China, 2017.10.18[International Conference]
77. Toshiyuki Nakagaki: “Introduction to Recent Advances in RIES; Transport Network in Living
Systems Designed by Current-Reinforcement Rule,” 2017 RIES-CIS Symposium, National Chiao
Tung University, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei, 2017.10.27[International Conference]
78. Hideyuki Mitomo: “Structure Control of Self-Assembled Gold Nanoparticle Arrays,” 2017 RIESCIS Symposium, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Chinese Taipei,
2017.10.27[International Conference]
79. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Reversible pH or Temperature Stimulus-Response Self-Assembly of
Nanoparticles,” 2017 RIES-CIS Symposium, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan, Chinese
Taipei, 2017.10.28[International Conference]

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80. Shinya Tanaka: “Morphological and Genetic Features of Meningioma,” the 14th Meeting of the
Asian Society for Neuro-Oncology (ASNO), Congress Convention Center, Osaka, Japan,
2017.10.30[International Conference]
81. Takashi Kikukawa: “Cyanobacterial Rhodopsin having TSD Motif,” 8th Asia and Oceania
Conference on Photobiology, Imperial Palace Seoul Hotel, Seoul, Korea, 2017.11.15[International
Conference]
82. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Active Gap SERS with Plasmonic Nanostructures on Hydrogels for the Sensitive
Detection of Biomacromolecules,” 8th International Conference and Exhibition on Lasers, Optics& Photonics, Hilton Las Vegas, Las Vegas, USA, 2017.11.16[International Conference]
83. Jian Ping Gong: “Hydrogels with Sacrificial Bonds: Tough, Self-Healing, and Self-Adjustable
Adhesion,” French National Conference on Polymers, Ecole Nationale Supérieure d’Architecturede Montpellier (ENSAM), Paris, France, 2017.11.24[International Conference]
84. Hisashi Haga: “Epithelial Cell Polarity Essential for Collective Migration and 3D Morphogenesis
of Cell Sheets,” The 18th RIES-HOKUDAI International Symposium, Châteraisé Gateaux
Kingdom Sapporo, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan, 2017.11.30[International Conference]
85. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Soft Ceramics: Fusion of Tough gel and Bioceramics,” The 18th RIESHOKUDAI International Symposium, Châteraisé Gateaux Kingdom Sapporo, Sapporo, Hokkaido,
Japan, 2017.12.1[International Conference]
86. Tomohiro Onodera: “An Acellular Single-Step Technique for Cartilage Injury of the Knee,” 2nd
Indo-Japanese Knee Course, Novotel, Bengaluru, India, 2017.12.10[International Conference]
87. Kuniharu Ijiro: “DNA Brush-Directed Alignment of Extensive Gold Nanorod Arrays as Plasmonic
Nanomaterials,” The 15th Pacific Polymer Conference (PPC-15), Xiamen International
Conference & Exhibition Center, Xiamen, China, 2017.12.12[International Conference]
88. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Fusion of Double Network Tough Hydrogel and Bioceramics,” Pure andApplied Chemistry International Conference 2018 (PACCON2018), The 60th anniversary of His
Majesty the King’s Accession to the Throne International Convention Center, Hat Yai, Thailand,
2018.2.7-9[International Conference]
89. Jian Ping Gong: “Repeatable under Water Adhesion of Hydrogels,” 17th International Conferenceon Deformation, Yield and Fracture of Polymers, Rolduc Abbey, Kerkrade, The Nethrlands,
2018.3.26[International Conference]
90. Jian Ping Gong: “Build Tough Hydrogels with Sacrificial Bonds,” Seminar at Okinawa Institute of
Science and Technology, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan,
2016.4.15[International Conference]
91. Jian Ping Gong: “Polyampholyte Hydrogels: Tough, Self-healing, and Self-adjustable Adhesion,”
11th International Symposium “Polyelectrolytes 2016,” Lomonosov Moscow State University,
Moscow, Russia, 2016.6.28[International Conference]
92. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Self-assembled 2D Monolayers and 3D Vesicle of Au Nanoparticles for Photonic
and Biomedical Applications,” KJF-ICOMEP 2016, ACROS Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan,
2016.9.4[International Conference]
93. Kenichi Niikura: “Surface Engineering of Gold Nanoparticles for Functional Self-Assembly,”
RIKEN CEMS Topical Meeting “Nanoparticles / Nanotubes / Nanosheets,” RIKEN, Saitama,
Japan, 2016.9.7[International Conference]
94. Takashi Kikukawa, Naoki Kamo, Makoto Demura: “Light-Induced Conformational Change of
Inward Cl- Pump Halorhodopsin,” 13th International Conference on Flow Dynamics, Sendai
International Center, Miyagi, Japan, 2016.10.11[International Conference]
95. Takayuki Kurokawa, Gentaro Shinohara, Kumar Roy, Daniel R. King, Tao Lin Sun, Jian Ping
Gong: “Effect of Fibrous Skeleton at Clingfish Suction Pad,” 5th Nagoya Biomimetics
International Symposium (NaBIS), Nagoya Institute of Technology (NITech), Aichi, Japan,

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2016.10.21[International conference]
96. Jian Ping Gong: “Toughening of Soft Materials with Sacrificial Bonds,” The International Rubber
Conference (IRC) “Gels and Related Soft Materials” Session, Kitakyushu International ConferenceCenter, Fukuoka, Japan, 2016.10.26[International Conference]
97. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Salmon DNA-based Preparation of Nanomaterials,” The 17th Chitose
International Forum on Photonics Science & Technology (CIF17), Chitose Institute of Science andTechnology, Hokkaido, Japan, 2016.11.14[International Conference]
98. Hisashi Haga: “3D Morphogensis of Epithelial Cells Responding to Viscoelasticity of theExtracellular Matrix,” Japan-Austria Joint Meeting “Understanding the Logic Behind
Developmental Dynamics,” Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria,
2016.11.28[International Conference]
99. Kuniharu Ijiro, Satoshi Nakamura, Hideyuki Mitomo, Yasutaka Matsuo, Kenichi Niikura: “DNABrush-Directed Self-Assembly of Gold Nanorods into Vertically Aligned Arrays,” The 11th SPSJInternational Polymer Conference (IPC 2016), Fukuoka International Congress Center, Fukuoka,
Japan, 2016.12.13[International Conference]6) Patent Applications
1.

Application Number: EP19306702.2, “Microfluidic or Millifluidic Chip Comprising a Pressure
Sensing Unit Using Colour-Switching Hydrogels,” Application filed: 2019.12.19, Applicant: PSL
Research University Paris, The French National Centre for Scientific Research, ESPCI-The Cityof Paris Industrial Physics and Chemistry Higher Educational Institution, Inventor: Anke Lindner,
Lucie Ducloué, Md Anamul Haque, Jian Ping Gong

2.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-200219, “Antibodies for Detecting
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae in Specimens, and Methods, Reagents, and Kits for Detecting
Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Using Such Antibodies,” Application filed: 2019.11.1, Applicant: Asahi
Kasei Corporation, Hokkaido University, Inventor: Tomoyasu Aizawa, Hiroyuki Kumeta,
Yoshihiro Harada, Ko Inou, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Kenji Matsuyama, Koji Maehana

3.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-200248, “Antibodies for Detecting
Streptococcus Pneumoniae in Specimens, and Methods, Reagents, and Kits for Detecting
Streptococcus Pneumoniae Using Such Antibodies,” Application filed: 2019.11.1, Applicant:Hokkaido University, Inventor: Tomoyasu Aizawa, Kumeta Hiroyuki, Yoshihiro Harada, Ko Inou,
Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Kenji Matsuyama, Koji Maehana

4.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-200263, “Antibodies for Detecting
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa in a Sample, and Methods, Reagents, and Kits for Detecting
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Using Such Antibodies,” Application filed: November 1, 2019,
Applicant: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Hokkaido University, Inventor: Tomoyasu Aizawa, Kumeta
Hiroyuki, Yoshihiro Harada, Ko Inou, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Kenji Matsuyama, Koji Maehana

5.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-200264, “Antibodies for Detecting
Staphylococcus Aureus in Specimens, and Methods, Reagents, and Kits for Detecting
Staphylococcus Aureus Using Such Antibodies”, Application filed: 2019.11.1, Applicant: Asahi
Kasei Corporation, Hokkaido University, Inventor: Tomoyasu Aizawa, Kumeta Hiroyuki,
Yoshihiro Harada, Ko Inou, Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Kenji Matsuyama, Koji Maehana

6.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-200192, “Antibodies for Detecting
Haemophilus Influenzae in Specimens, and Methods, Reagents, and Kits for Detecting
Haemophilus Influenzae Using Such Antibodies,” Application filed: 2019.11.1, Applicant:Hokkaido University, Inventor: Tomoyasu Aizawa, Kumeta Hiroyuki, Yoshihiro Harada, Ko Inou,
Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Kenji Matsuyama, Koji Maehana

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7.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-200280, “Antibodies for Detecting
Salmonella in Specimens, and Methods, Reagents, and Kits for Detecting Salmonella Using Such
Antibodies,” Application filed: 2019.11.1, Applicant: Asahi Kasei Corporation, Hokkaido
University, Inventor: Tomoyasu Aizawa, Hiroyuki Kumeta, Yoshihiro Harada, Yuichiro Takahashi,
Yasuhiro Hashimoto, Kenji Matsuyama, Koji Maehana

8.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-503117, “Composition for Treating
Fibrocartilage Tissue Damage,” Application filed: 2018.3.1, Applicant: Mochida Pharmaceutical
Co. Ltd., Hokkaido University, Inventor: Eiji Kondo, Norimasa Iwasaki, Tomohiro Onodera,
Wooyoung Kim, Yasuyuki

9.

Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2017-503742, “Method for Detecting Active
Low Molecular Weight GTP-Binding Protein in Fixed Living Tissue,” Application filed: 2015.3.4,
Applicant: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Shinya Tanaka, Tsuda Masumi, Michie Tanino

10. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-221049, “Elastomer Composite with
Elastomer and Fiber Structure,” Application filed: 2019.12.6, Applicant: Hokkaido University, LG
Japan Lab, Inventor: Shinnosuke Koji, Takayuki Kurokawa, Jian Ping Gong
11. Application Number: Taiwan 108138425, “Method for Producing Artificial Skin,” Application
filed: 2019.10.24, Applicant: Hokkaido University and Shiseido Co. Ltd., Inventor: Kenji Noda,
Akio Nasu, Takayuki Kurokawa, Jian Ping Gong
12. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-548757, “Gel Material,” Application filed:2019.8.27, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Toray Co. Ltd., Inventor: Jian Ping Gong, Takayuki
Kurokawa, Guo Hui, Takahiro Matsuda, Yu Chengtao
13. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-545066, “High Toughness Fiber
Composite Elastomer,” Application filed: 2018.9.21, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Osaka
Organic Chemical Industry Co. Ltd., Inventor: Jian Ping Gong, Takayuki Kurokawa, Tao Lin Sun,
Lian Chen, Wei Cui, Yoshiyuki Saruwatari
14. Application Number: Taiwan 107133464, “High Toughness Fiber Composite Elastomer,”
Application filed: 2018.9.21, Applicant: Hokkaido University and Osaka Organic Chemical
Industries Co. Ltd., Inventor: Jian Ping Gong, Takayuki Kurokawa, Tao Lin Sun, Chen L, Cui W,
Yoshiyuki Saruwatari
15. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2018-082339, “Hydrogel and method for
producing hydrogel,” Application filed: 2018.4.23, Applicant: Hokkaido University, NGK Spark
Plug Co., Ltd., Inventor: Masaya Iwata, Shinjiro Kasahara, Jian Ping Gong, Takayuki Kurokawa,
Takayuki Nonoyama (PCT/JP2019/017264)
16. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2018-568662, “Method for Producing Cancer
Stem Cells,” Application filed: 2018.2.20, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Shinya
Tanaka, Kazuhiko Yasuda, Jian Ping Gong, Masumi Tsuda, Takayuki Kurokawa.
17. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2017-028833, “Method for manufacturingcancer stem cells,” Application filed: 2017.2.20, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Shinya
Tanaka, Kazuhiko Yasuda, Jian Ping Gong, Masumi Tsuda, Takayuki Kurokawa
18. Application Number: US16/487247, “Method for Manufacturing Cancer Stem Cells,” Application
filed: 2018.2.20, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Shinya Tanaka, Kazuhiko Yasuda, Jian
Ping Gong, Masumi Tsuda, Takayuki Kurokawa
19. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2018-558040, “Temperature-Responsive Gel
Having LCST With No Volume Phase Transition, and Production Method Therefo,” Application
filed: 2017.12.20, Applicants: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Takayuki Nonoyama. Jian Ping
Gong, Yong Wang Lee, Kumi Ota
20. Application Number: US 16/471224, “Temperature-Responsive Gel Having LCST With No
Volume Phase Transition, And Production Method Therefor,” Application filed: 2017.12.20,

170

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Applicant: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Takayuki Nonoyama, Jian Ping Gong, Yong Wang Lee,
Kumi Ota
21. Application Number: EP 17884942.8, “Temperature-Responsive Gel Having LCST With No
Volume Phase Transition, And Production Method Therefor,” Application filed: 2017.12.20,
Applicant: Hokkaido University, Inventor: Takayuki Nonoyama, Jian Ping Gong, Yong Wang Lee,
Kumi Ota
22. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2019-523252, “Self-Healing Material,”
Application filed: 2017.6.6, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Osaka Organic Chemical Industry
Co., Ltd., Inventor: Jian Ping Gong, Takayuki Kurokawa, Tao Lin Sun, Liang Chen, Wei Cui,
Yoshiyuki Saruwatari
23. Application Number: Japanese Patent Application 2016-118546, “Aqueous Gel,” Application filed:2016.6.15, Applicant: Hokkaido University, Osaka Organic Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Inventor:
Jian Ping Gong, Takayuki Kurokawa, Haiyan Yin, Yoshiyuki Saruwatari171

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Appendix D Selected List of Awards
1.

Takayuki Nonoyama: “Specific Session: Young Excellent Presentation Award,” The Ceramic Societyof Japan the 33rd Fall Meeting, 2020.9.4

2.

Tasuku Nakajima: “2019 Hokkaido University Commendation for Excellent Teaching,” 2020.9.25

3.

Tasuku Nakajima: “Hokkaido University: President’s Award for Excellence in Research and Teachingfor AY2020,” 2021.2.19

4.

Daniel R. King: “Award for Encouragement of Research in Polymer Science,” Creation andApplication of Soft / Hard Composite Materials: The Society of Polymer Science, Japan, 2021.3.15

5.

Jian Ping Gong: “The Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology：Prizes for Science and Technology, Research Category(2019),” 2019.4.96.

Takayuki Nonoyama: “2018 Polymer Research Encouragement Award,” Polymer Society of Japan,
2019.5.30

7.

Seiichiro Ishihara: “Best Talk Award,” Advanced Model Animal Support Platform, Young Support
Technology Workshop for the 1st Year of Reiwa, 2019.7.98.

Seiichiro Ishihara: “Oral Presentation Award First Place,” 5th Hokkaido University Interdisciplinary
Symposium, 2019.7.11

9.

Tomohiro Onodera: “JSSF Japan-Korea Travelling Fellowship,” Japanese Society for Surgery of theFoot, 2019.8.14

10. Takeru Tsujimoto, Hideki Sudo, Masahiro Todoh M, Katsuhisa Yamada, Koji Iwasaki, Takashi
Ohnishi, Naoki Hirohama, Takayuki Nonoyama, Daisuke Ukeba, Katsuro Ura, Yoichi M. Ito,
Norimasa Iwasaki: “The 25th Japan Cartilage Metabolism Society Award,” A Preclinical Proof-ofconcept Study: An Acellular Bioresorbable Ultra-Purified Alginate Gel Promotes Intervertebral Disc
Repair, 2019.11.23
11. Norimasa Iwasaki: “Excellent Research Award,” 2018 Hokkaido University Graduate School of
Medicine, 2019.1.22
12. Ryo Fujita, Masahiko Takahata, Masahiro Ota, Tomohiro Shimizu, Dai Sato, Hideyuki Kobayashi,
Norimasa Iwasaki, Daigo Nakazawa, Kimura-Hiromi Suda, Ikuya Nakamura: “Young ResearcherAward,” Bisphosphonates in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose
High-Frequency Formulation and High-Dose Low-Frequency Formulation: The 39th Japan BoneMorphometric Society, 2019.5.11
13. Ken Endo, Ken Kakuya, Tomoaki Suzuki, Yuki Matsui, Yusuke Yuka, Yusuke Nagano, Taisuke
Kawamura, Norimasa Iwasaki: “Best Paper Award,” Study on the Optimal Degree of Schwann Cell
Differentiation for Axon Regeneration: No. 62 The Japan Society for Hand Surgery Annual Meeting,2019.4.18
14. Katsuhisa Yamada, Hideki Sudo, Norimasa Iwasaki, Akihiko Chiba: “Best Presentation Award(Basic),” Cobalt-Chrome Notch-Free Preventive Rod Is Useful for Spinal Deformity CorrectionMechanical Properties of Bending Method and Metal Materials -: 137th Hokkaido Orthopaedics andTraumatology Society, 2019.6.23
15. Mohamad Alaa Terkawi: “Society Award,” Transcriptional Profile of Human Macrophages Stimulated
by Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Particulate Debris of Orthopedic Implants Uncovers a
Common Gene Expression Signature of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Hokkaido Orthopaedics andTraumatology Society, 2019.1
16. Takayuki Nonoyama: “Publicity Award,” Temperature-Responsive Active Soft Material That Instantly
Becomes 1000 Times Harder at High Temperatures, Public Relations Committee: Society of Polymer
Science, 2018.8.29
17. Hideyuki Mitomo, Satoru Hamajima, Yasutaka Matsuo, Kenichi Niikura, Kuniharu Ijiro: “Best
Presentation Award,” Asian Conference on Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (AsiaNANO 2018),

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Active Gap Control of Gold Nanodots on the Gel Surface, 2018.10.21
18. Kuniharu Ijiro: “Distinguished Award 2018 for Novel Materials and Their Synthesis,” Developmentof Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanostructure Assembly and Those Applications, 14th IUPAC
International Conference on Novel Materials and their Synthesis (NMS-XIV), 2018.10.23
19. Kazuya Furusawa: “Award for Encouragement of Research,” IUMRS-ICAM 2017, The 15th
International Conference on Advanced Materials, Phase Behaviors of Collagen Solution,” 2017.9.1
20. Tomohiro Onodera: “Japan Medical Association Encouragement Award for Medical Research,”
Identification of a New Molecular Target for Ganglioside-Targeted Articular Cartilage Damage,2017.11.1
21. Kuniharu Ijiro: “35th Scientific Award of the Chemical Society of Japan,” Creation and Applicationof Stimuli-Responsive Gold Nanostructured Aggregates, 2018.3.21
22. Tasuku Nakajima: “Award for Encouragement of Research in Polymer Science from the Society ofPolymer Science,” 2016.5.26

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Appendix E List of External Grants
Grants from Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
1.

Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), “Elucidation of Epithelial Keratinization / NonKeratinization Patterns Using Differences in Scaffolding Material Hardness and Application to
Cultured Oral Mucosa Preparation Methods,” 2020-2022, 17,680,000JPY, Co-Investigator: Hisashi
Haga, Seiichiro Ishihara
2. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), “Nanoscale Photothermometry for Thermal Analysis,” 20202022, 17,940,000JPY, Co-Investigator: Hideyuki Mitomo
3. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), “A Novel Mechanism of Collective Migration of Cohesive
Cells Embedded in 3D Space,” 2020-2022, 4,290,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Katsuhiko Sato
4. Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists, “Fiber Reinforced Soft Composites with Tunable Extensibility,
Stiffness, and Strength for Synthetic Bio-tissue Applications,” 2020-2022, 3,770,000 JPY, Principal
Investigator: Daniel R. King
5. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), “Involvement of 12α-hydroxylated Bile Acids in the Onset
and Deterioration of Fatty Liver,” 2019-2021, 17,680,000JPY, Co-Investigator: Tomoyasu Aizawa
6. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (S), “Super-Resolution Live-Cell Imaging of Cell-Attached
Nanointerface using LSPR Sheets,” 2019-2023, 193,830,000 JPY, Co-Investigator: Kuniharu Ijiro
7. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), “Induction of Concerting Function Based on Anisotropic
Shape Dynamic Change of Nanoparticle Core Hybrid Dendrimer,” 2019-2022, 45,110,000 JPY, CoInvestigator: Hideyuki Mitomo
8. Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)),“Membrane Cleavage Mechanism of Dynamin Elucidated by Reconstitution Approach and Disease
Onset Mechanism Caused by its Failure,” 2019-2022, 18,330,000 JPY, Co-Investigator: Yukinori
Nishigami
9. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), “Adaptive Control for in Vivo Reconstruction of Uniaxially
Oriented, High-toughness Synthetic Collagen Gel Fiber Bundle,” 2019-2021, 4,290,000 JPY, Principal
Investigator: Eiji Kondo, Co-Investigator: Kazunori Yasuda, Lei Wang
10. Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Research (Exploratory), “Elucidation of Sugar Chain Antigen Change
on Cultured Cells and Immune Response Generation Mechanism in Autologous Cell Transplantation,”
2019-2020, 6,500,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Norimasa Iwasaki
11. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A), “Reprogramming of cancer stem cells by high-performance
gel and creation of therapeutic drug development platform,” 2019-2023, 45,110,000 JPY, Principal
Investigator: Shinya Tanaka, Co-investigator: Masumi Tsuda, Takayuki Kurokawa
12. Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, “Analysis of Epigenetic in Hydrogel-induced Cancer Stem,”
2019-2020, 4,160,000 JPY, Principal Investigator: Jun Suzuka
13. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), “Analysis of Cypress-Derived Pollen-Food Allergy
Syndrome-Causing Antigenic Peptide BP14,” 2018-2020, 4,420,000JPY, Principal Investigator:
Tomoyasu Aizawa
14. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), “Elucidation of Molecular Mechanism by Which aTransporter with a Potential to Transport a Variety of Substrates Is Regulated,” 2018-2020,
4,420,000JPY, Co-Investigator: Minoru Kikukawa
15. Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, “Mutual Conversion of Ion-Pump and Ion-Channel
Rhodopsins by Amino Acid Replacement,” 2018-2019, 4,290,000JPY, Principal investigator: Takashi
Tsukamoto16. Grant-in-Aid for Strengthening International Joint Research (B), “Elucidating the Characteristics ofNitrogen in Biomolecules by Neutron Diffraction and Computational Chemistry,” 2019-2021,

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17,680,000 JPY, Co-Investigator: Takashi Tsukamoto
17. Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists, “Cancer Metastasis Regulated by Tissue Stiffness,” where
cancer is likely to metastasize,” 2018-2019, 4,160,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
18. Fund for the Promotion of Joint International Research (Fostering Joint International Research (B)),“Structural Analysis of Tumor Hotspots, an Epithelial Tissue-Intrinsic Novel Oncogenic Niche,” 20182021, 17,940,000 JPY, Co-Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
19. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B), “Creation of Ultra-Sensitive Biosensor Using TriangularNanoplate and Lipid Membrane-Guided System,” 2018-2020, 17,810,000JPY, Principal Investigator:
Hideyuki Mitomo
20. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C), “Development of Functionally Enhanced Protein by
Synthetic Polymer Assist,” 2018-2020, 4,420,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Yusuke Yonamine
21. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B), “Mathematical Analysis of Vortex Peculiar to Viscoelastic
Fluid,” 2018-2021, 16,900,000JPY, Co-Investigator: Katsuhiko Sato
22. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C), “Functional analysis of Crk and Exosome in organ metastasis
determination and arousal of cancer,” 2018-2020, 4,420,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Masumi
Tsuda Co-Investigator: Shinya Tanaka, Lei Wang
23. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (Research in a proposed research area), “Soft
Crystals: Science and Photofunctions of Easy-Responsive Systems with Felxibility and HigherOrdering: Fabrication of Soft Photonic Crystals for Novel Functions,” 2017-2021, 49,660,000JPY,
Principal Investigator: Jian Ping Gong Co-Investigator: Takayuki Kurokawa, Takayuki Nonoyama
24. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(S), “Utilizing the Sacrificial Bonding Principle to Create SoftHard Composites with Toughness That Surpasses Metals and Novel Functions,” 2017-2021,
204,100,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Jian Ping Gong
25. Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists(A), “Experimental Investigation of Single Polymer Chain
Mechanics via Analysis of Mechanical Analysis of Gels,” 2017-2020, 19,370,000JPY, Principal
Investigator: Tasuku Nakajima
26. Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, “ls Possessing Thermal Hardening andToughening,” 2017-2019, 6,240,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Takayuki Nonoyama
27. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(C), “The Mechanism of Contact Following Inducing Cancer
Collective Invasion and the Verification of Universality,” 2017-2019, 4,940,000 JPY, Principal
Investigator: Hisashi Haga
28. Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B), “Collective Migration of Epithelial Cells: A Fundamental
Mechanics of Morphogenesis,” 2017-2019, 19,630,000JPY, Principal Investigator: Katsuhiko Sato
29. Grant-in-Aid for Challenging Exploratory Research, “Development of Therapeutic Drug Using a
Novel Immune Network Analysis Method for Controlling Osteoarthritis,” 2017-2019, 6,240,000JPY,
Principal Investigator: Tomohiro Onodera, Co-Investigator: Terkawi Alaa

Major Grants from Other Sources
30. 2020 Science and Technology Agency (JST) PRESTO Research Area, “Establishment of Principals
for Novel Polymeric Material ‘Extremely Prestretched Network’,” 2020-2023, Principal Investigator:
Tasuku Nakajima
31. Collaborative Research, Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University, “Cancer Metastasis
Mechanism Approaching from Mechanobiology,” 2020-2022, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro
Ishihara
32. Industry-Academia Collaborative Research, “Optimization of Solid Fat Network Evaluation
Conditions for Fat Products Using an Atomic Force Microscope,” 2020-2021, Principal Investigator:
Hisashi Haga, Co- Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara

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33. Hokkaido University FY2020 Support System for the Collaborative Research of Next-Generation
Researchers, “Comprehensive Analysis of Gene Expression Fluctuation Patterns in Pancreatic Cancer
Cells in Response to Mechanical Stimuli,” Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
34. NYAS/AMED Interstellar Initiative, “Targeted Nanotherapy for Rescuing Endothelial Dysfunction
under Biomimetic Conditions of Atherosclerosis,” 2020-2021, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro
Ishihara
35. The Yasuda Medical Foundation 2020 Young Cancer Research Grant, “Cancer Metastasis Mechanism
Approached from the Hardness of Organs,” 2020-2022, Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
36. Creative Research Institution Project, “Creation of Ultra- ‘Synthetic Method-Creation of Highly
Functional Materials by High-Efficiency Preparation Method’,” 2020-2023, Co- Investigator:
Hideyuki Mitomo
37. FY2020 Kurita Water and Environment Funding, “Study of Ciliate Run-Through Mechanism,” 20202021, Principal Investigator: Yukinori Nishigami
38. Terumo Life Science Foundation Specific R & D grant, “Development of LIVING Multifunctional
Cell Gel and Application to Cartilage Regenerative Medicine,” 2021-2023, Principal Investigator:
Norimasa Iwasaki, Co-Investigator: Tomohiro Onodera
39. AMED Research on Development of New Medical Devices, “Custom-made Surgical Guide for IntraArticular Malunion Healing Fracture Surgery Doctor-led Clinical Trial for Practical Use,” 2020-2023,
Principal Investigator: Norimasa Iwasaki
40. Hokkaido University Hospital Startup Support Program, “Development of Auxiliary Diagnostic
System Using New Gait Analysis Method,” 2020-2021, Principal Investigator: Norimasa Iwasaki
41. Hirose Foundation, “Osteomacs (Bone Macrophages) That Can Be Applied as a New Therapeutic
Agent for Osteoporosis,” 2021-2022, Principal Investigator: Alaa Terkawi
42. JA Kyosai Research Institute Traffic Accident Research, 2020-2022, “New Qualitative with O-17
Labeled Water for Traumatic Knee Cartilage Injury,” Principal Investigator: Tomohiro Onodera
43. AMED Project for Cancer Research and Therapeutic Evolution (P-CREATE), “Research andDevelopment of Cancer Heterogeneity Control Using Biomaterials,” 2020-2021, Principal
Investigator: Shinya Tanaka
44. Outsourced Business, “Development of Functional Food Material Applying Fruit Body (Tentative
Name: Ryukyu Summer Grass) with Okinawan Eri Silkworm Pupae as Host,” 2019-2020, CoInvestigator: Tomoyasu Aizawa
45. Contract business, “Metabolomic Analysis of Shimagwa Leaves and Fruits,” 2019-2020, Tomoyasu
Aizawa46. Industry-academia Collaborative Research, “Tissue Regeneration Using Three-Dimensional Fiber
Structure,” 2020-2021, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
47. Northtech Foundation Sapporo Talent Subsidy, “MMP-Dependent Infiltration Mechanism of Cancer
Cells Caused by Compressive Stress,” 2019-2020, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
48. Astellas Metabolism Study Group: Research Grant, “Compressive Stress-Induced Acquisition ofInvasion Ability of Cancer Cells,” 2019-2020, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
49. Uehara Memorial Foundation for Life Sciences, “Research Grant, Acquiring Invasion of Cancer Cells
Caused by Compressive Stress,” 2020-2021, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
50. Collaborative Research: Cancer Research Institute of Kanazawa University “Mechanism of Cancer
Metastasis Approaching Mechanobiology,” 2020-2021, Principal Investigator: Seiichiro Ishihara
51. Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Iketani Science and Technology Foundation 2019 Research
Grant, “Development of Strict Control System for Aggregation Temperature of Temperature
Responsive Gold Nanoparticles,” 2019-2020, Principal Investigator: Hideyuki Mitomo
52. Public Interest Incorporated Foundation Izumi Science and Technology Foundation Research Grant,“Creation of Gold Nanoparticle Regular Polyhedron Capsule Aiming at Development into Drug
Delivery System,” 2019-2021, Principal Investigator: Hideyuki Mitomo

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53. Joint research with GC Planning Inc., “Research on Collective Intelligence and its Application toSocial Dynamics and Economic Phenomena,” 2019-2021, Principal Investigator: Toshiyuki Nakagaki
54. Joint Research Fund, “Evaluation of Motor Organ Regeneration Therapy by Autologous Cartilage
Transplantation Using Collagen Membrane,” 2019-2020, Principal Investigator: Eiji Kondo
55. Innovative Medical Technology Creation Center Project Bridge Research Seeds A, “Establishment ofa New Qualitative Evaluation Method for Articular Cartilage by MRI Using O-17 Labeled Water as a
Water Tracer,” 2019-2020, Principal Investigator: Tomohiro Onodera
56. 2019 Mitsubishi Foundation grant, “Identification of Sugar Chain Antigen Change Accompanying
Cell Culture and Elucidation of Immune Response Generation Mechanism in Autologous Cell
Transplantation,” 6,000,000 JPY, Principal Investigator: Norimasa Iwasaki
57. FY2019 Hokkaido University Hospital Startup Support Program, “Development of a Novel Cartilage
Regeneration Treatment Method by Combined Use of Bone Marrow Aspiration Concentrated StemCells and High-Purity Alginate Gel,” 2,400,000 JPY, Principal Investigator: Norimasa Iwasaki
58. The Cabinet of Japan, ImPACT Ito Kohzo Program, “Realization of Ultra-thin and Tough Polymer,”
2016-2018, 120,000,000JPY (Total Period 2014-2018, 200,000,000), Principal Investigator: Jian Ping
Gong

Grants from Industry
122,384,808 JPY in total from 12 companies in Japan during FY 2016-2020.

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Appendix F List of GSS Seminars

No.
1

2

3

4

5
6
7

8

9

Name of Lecturer
Costantino Creton
Professor, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research
University, and CNRS, France
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Tetsuharu Narita
Research Associate, ESPCI Paris, PSL
Research University, and CNRS, France
Associate Professor, Global Station forSoft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido
University
Chung-Yuen Hui
Professor, Department of Mechanical andAerospace Engineering, Cornell
University, USA
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Wei Hong
Department of Mechanics and Aerospace
Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, China
Department of Aerospace Engineering,
Iowa State, USA University
Professor, Global Station for Soft Matter,
GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University
Yong Wang
Professor, Pennsylvania State University,
USA
Angela Pitenis
Assistant Professor, University ofCalifornia, Santa Barbara, USA
Bryan Coughlin
The University of Massachusetts
Amherst, USA
Alba Marcellan
ESPCI Paris/Sorbonne University, France
Associate Professor, Global Station forSoft Matter, Hokkaido University
Mokarram Hossain
Senior Lecturer
College of Engineering
Swansea University, Wales, UK

Date2020.2.12

Seminar Title
Quantitative Bond Scission in Fracture ofSoft Materials

2020.1.21

Recent Advancements in Diffusing-Wave
Spectroscopy for Polymer Dynamics:
High Frequency Microrheology andDynamic Mapping2020.1.14

The Single Filament Fragmentation Test

2020.1.14

Fracture of Viscoelastic Solids

2019.11.18 Biomimetic Materials for Protein andCell Delivery
2019.9.19

Water Content and Lubricity of Aqueous
Gels

2019.6.17

Polymer Membranes: Designing Next
Generation Separators and Transport
Mediators for Energy Generating
Devices
Mechanical Properties of Tissue-LikeGels Produced by Injection of SprayDried

2019.5.16

2019.5.10

Polymers Under Multiple Loadings:
From Material Characterizations toComputational Modelling

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10

11
12

13

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

Tetsuharu Narita
Research Associate, ESPCI Paris, PSL
Research University, and CNRS, France
Associate Professor, Global Station forSoft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido
University
Jun Yamamoto
Soft Matter Physics Group, Kyoto
University
Costantino Creton
ESPCI Paris, PSL Research University,
and CNRS, France
Professor, Global Station for Soft Matter,
GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University
Chung-Yuen Hui
Professor, Department of Mechanical andAerospace Engineering, Cornell
University, USA
Hanqing Jiang
Professor, School for Engineering ofMatter, Transport and Energy, ArizonaState University, USA
Qiang Fu
Professor, College of Polymer Scienceand Engineering, Sichuan University,
China
Mingbo Yang
Professor, College of Polymer Scienceand Engineering, Sichuan University,
China
Wei Hong
Department of Mechanics and Aerospace
Engineering, Southern University of
Science and Technology, China
Department of Aerospace Engineering,
Iowa State University, USA
Professor, Global Station for Soft Matter,
GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University
Weiyi Lu
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil
and Environmental Engineering,Michigan State University, USA
Alba Marcellan
Pierre and Marie Curie University, France
Associate Professor, Global Station forSoft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido
University
Xiaoyu Li, Longhai Guo
College of Material Science andEngineering, Beijing University ofChemical Technology, China

2019.3.11

Mechanical Properties of Tough
Hydrogels Having Permanent andTunable Transient Crosslinks

2019.3.11

Slippery Interfaces on the Thin Polymer
Alignment Layers

2019.1.9

Mechanophores to Reveal Molecular
Scission on DN Elastomers, Adhesion
Under Water: From MolecularInteractions to Macroscopic Adhesion

2019.1.9

Mechanics of an Adhesive Tape in a
Zero-Degree Peel Test: Effect of Large
Deformation and Material Nonlinearity

2018.12.17 Multiphysics Modeling and Experimentsof Functional Materials: Hydrogels,
Batteries, and Origamis
2018.8.2

2018.8.2

Low-Temperature Sintering of
Stereocomplex-Type Polylactide Nascent
Powder: From Compression Molding to
Injection Molding
Core-Shell Structure and the Toughness
of PA6/MEPDM/HDPE Ternary Blends

2018.7.17

Polymerized Ionic Liquids and Ionic
Semiconductors

2018.7.9

Liquid Nanofoam-Functionalized
Hydrogel with Enhanced Strength andDeformability

2018.5.14

Mechanical Behavior at Single Fiber
Scale

2018.4.26

Synthesis of Core/Shell Latex Particles
and Their Application

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21

22

23

24

25

26

27

28

29

30

Dominique Hourdet
CNRS, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research
University, Pierre and Marie Curie
University, Sorbonne University, France
Professor, Global Station for Soft Matter,
GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University
Thomas Salez
CNRS, University of Bordeaux, France
Assistant Professor, Global Station forSoft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido
University
Costantino Creton
Professor, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research
University, and CNRS, France
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Tetsuharu Narita
Associate Professor, ESPCI Paris, PSL
Research University, and CNRS, France
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Takeshi Ueki
Senior Researcher, Mechanobiology
Group, International Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Takashi NakanishiGroup Leader, Frontier Molecules Group,
International Center for Materials
Nanoarchitectonics (MANA), National
Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
Anke LindnerProfessor, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research
University, and University Paris Diderot,
FranceGlobal Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Tsutomu Indei
Postdoctoral Researcher, Global Stationfor Soft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido
University
Wei Hong
Associate Professor, Iowa State
University, USA
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Cécile Monteux
Associate Professor, ESPCI Paris, PSL
Research University, and CNRS, France
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University

2018.4.10

Responsive Gelation in Aqueous Media

2018.4.10

Soft and Wet is Different

2018.1.12

Mechanochemistry to Detect Stresses

2017.11.13 Rheological Properties of Physical andChemical Gel of a Giant Polysaccaride‘sacran’- Effect of Chain Rigidity
2017.11.8

A Platform for Soft Materials Science:
Self-assembly, Dissipative Structure, andSelf-organization of Block Copolymers

2017.11.8

Functional Molecular Liquids: Alkylatedπ Molecular Design, Liquid Physical andOptoelectronic Properties

2017.10.26 E-coli Suspensions, a Model Active Fluid

2017.10.20 Rheological Studies of Associating
Polymer Gels
2017.7.14

Mechanics of a Magneto Self-Healing
Soft Composite

2017.7.10

Generation and Stability of Foams Madefrom Physical Gels

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31

32
33

34
35
36
37

Costantino Creton
Professor, ESPCI Paris, PSL Research
University, and CNRS, France
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Chun-Jen Huang
Professor, National Central University,
TaiwanAlba Marcellan
Associate Professor, ESPCI Paris, PSL
Research University, and Pierre andMarie Curie University, France
Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE,
Hokkaido University
Hugh R. Brown
Professor Emeritus, University of
Wollongong, Australia
Hiroshi Jinnai
Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for
Advanced Materials, Tohoku University
Jonathan T. Pham
Max Planck Institute for Polymer
Research, Germany
Kazue Kurihara
Professor, Institute of Multidisciplinary
Research for Advanced Materials,
Tohoku University

2017.4.14

An Experimental Investigation of
Fracture in Filled Natural Rubber

2017.4.11

Functional Electrolyte Materials in
Biomedical Applications

2017.3.3

Some Strategies for Gel Toughening:from Polymer Adsorption onto Solid
Nanoparticles to Polymer Coil-to-globule
Transition Acting as Reinforcing Filler

2016.11.15 Modelling the Failure of Multiple
Network Gels and Elastomers at theChain Level
2016.9.30 Challenges for Nano-scale Imaging ofPolymeric Nanostructures by Electron
Microscopy
2016.9.28 Elastocapillary Deformations: Preparing
Nanoparticle Helices and Understanding
Soft Materials Contact
2016.8.31 Study on Friction Materials Using
Surface Force Measurement

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Appendix G List of Science OutreachPress Release1.

Gong group: “Developed Polymer Gel that Instantly Becomes 2,000 Times Harder at Hightemperature,” Hokkaido University, 2019.11.19

2.

Gong group: “Developed Adhesive that Can be Used Repeatedly in Seawater,” Hokkaido University,
2019.11.12

3.

Gong group: “Developing a Gel that Strengthens with Training! ~Polymer Material that Takes in“Nutrient” from the Outside and Grows Strongly and Strongly Under Mechanical Load~,” Hokkaido
University, 2019.2.1

4.

Gong group: “Innovative Concept Cars Displayed for a Limited Time: New Material ‘Flexible Tough
Polymer’ Changes the Future of Cars,” Hokkaido University, 2018.11.6

5.

Demura group: “Elucidation of One Part of the Mechanism of Action of Ion Channels that Act on
Light-Expecting to Contribute to the Optical Manipulation Technology of Cell Response-,” Hokkaido
University, 2018.9.12

6.

Aizawa group: “Allergies: Cross-Reactivity Between Cypress Pollen and Peaches/Citrus Fruits
Finally Explained,” Institut Pasteur, 2017.8.9, Hokkaido University, 2017.8.18--Appeared over 30
times in both domestic and international news sites

7.

Gong group: “Development of ‘Fiber Reinforced Gel’, a Flexible Composite Material that is Stronger
than Metal,” Cabinet Office, JST, Hokkaido University, 2017.1.16 ---Seen over 40 Times in News
Sites in More than 10 Countries

8.

Gong group: “Development of New High-Strength Hydrogel Using ‘Triblock Copolymer’,” Cabinet
Office, JST, Hokkaido University, 2016.4.27

9.

Gong group: “High-Strength Double Network Gel that Spontaneously Binds Strongly to Bone Tissuea New Soft Material with Osteoconductivity and Cartilage Regeneration-,” Hokkaido University,
2016.5.18

10. Gong group: “Bonding to Bones Strongly,” Hokkaido University, 2016.7.14
11. Tanaka group: “Stop Cancer Metastasis with Cold Medicine,” Hokkaido University, 2016.10.5

Media Reports
Newspaper
12. Nakagaki group: “‘The Ig Nobel Prize 30 Years’ Bacteria Finds the Shortest Route of the Maze,”
Tokyo Shimbun, 2020.9.6
13. Nakagaki group: “The Ig Nobel Prize Why So Many Japanese,” Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 2020.9.12
14. Tanaka group: “Double Cancer Increased with Old Age,” Hokkaido Shimbun, 2020.7.29
15. Tanaka group: “Series ‘Living with Cancer’ Part 4 Senior Generations ④ Aging affected,” Hokkaido
Shimbun, 2020.8.19
16. Tanaka group: “‘The Source of Cancer’ That Can Be Increased with Gel. Expected Contributions Suchas Individual Medical Care - Hokkaido University, etc.,” Jiji Tsu-shin, 2021.3.30
17. Tanaka group: “Cancer Stem Cell Discovery, in a Short Time, Hokkaido University, Expected
Application to Therapeutic Drug Development,” Kyodo News, 2021.3.30
18. Tanaka group: “‘Bad’ Cancer Cells Restored with Gel, Patent Application by Professors at Hokkaido

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University, etc.,” Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 2021.3.30
19. Tanaka group: “Developed a Rapid Induction Method for Cancer Stem Cells Using Hydrogels,
Hokkaido University, etc.,” Nikkei Biotechnology & Business, 2021.3.30
20. Tanaka group: “Discovery of Cancer Stem Cell Detection Method Hokkaido University Graduate
School, Professor Shinya Tanaka and others. A Road to Recurrence Prevention and New Therapeutic
Drug Development,” Hokkaido Shimbun, 2021.3.30
21. Gong group: “Adhesive That Can Be Used Many Times in the Sea, Learned from the Secretory
Component of Bivalves,” Hokkaido Shimbun, 2020.1.8
22. Gong group: “New Material: Instantly Stiffening by Heat, Expected to Be Applied as Protector,”
Yomiuri Shimbun, 2019.12.27
23. Gong group: “Quick and Strong Undersea Adhesive Learned from Mussel,” Yomiuri Shimbun,
2019.11.15
24. Gong group: “Development of ‘Self-Healing Materials’ for Medical and Industrial Applications,”
Hokkaido Shimbun, 2019.4.24
25. Nakagaki group: “Two Winners of the Ig Nobel Prize, Toshiyuki Nakagaki, Professor of the Future
University, Swim out in a Wide World,” Hokkaido Shimbun. 2020.1.1
26. Iwasaki group: “Osteoarthritis of the Knee. Hokkaido Shimbun,” 2019.6.29
27. Tanaka group: “Discovery of New Pathogenesis of Pancreatic Cancer,” Hokkaido Medical Daily,
2019.2.15
28. Tanaka group: “(Living/Health) Let’s Prevent Cancer, One of Risk Factors for Pancreatic Cancer,
Elucidation of Pathogenesis from Pancreatic Cyst,” Hokkaido Shimbun, 2019.7.20
29. Tanaka group: “Active Discussion on Integrated Cancer Analysis. Report on Latest Diagnosis andTreatment (Sapporo International Symposium),” Hokkaido Medical Newspaper, 2019.7.19
30. Gong group: “Gel-Like Polymer Material, 1.5 Times Stronger by Broken,” Nihon Keizai Shimbun,
2019.2.4
31. Gong group: “A Gel That Becomes 23 Times Harder With “Muscle Training,” Developed by Hokkaido
University,” Asahi Shimbun Digital, 2019.2.1
32. Nakagaki group: “Ecology of Slime Molds: Introducing a Unique Study of Male and Female Insects,”
Hokkaido Shimbun, 2018.6.4
33. Gong group: “Bridgestone and JST Developing a Rubber Composite That Achieves Both Low Fuel
Consumption and High Fracture Strength,” Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 2018.6.25
34. Gong group: “Development of Reversible Polymer Material with Hardness Over 1800 Times by
Heating at Hokkaido University,” Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 2018.9.11
35. Gong group: “Cloth That Instantly Hardens with Heat,” Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, 2018.11.16
36. Gong group: “Electric Vehicle Concept Car, ‘Future Vehicle’ Lighter with New Material, Debuted at
Hokkaido University Campus,” Mainichi Shimbun Electronic Edition Hokkaido Morning Edition,
2018.11.18
37. Gong group: “Miscellaneous Notes: Using a New Material of Synthetic Resin for the Body of Car...,”
Mainichi Shimbun electronic version, 2018.11.18
38. Nakagaki group: “Understanding Advanced Science from Cancer and Meteorology, a Lecture from a
Mobile University in Hokkaido University,” Hokkaido Shimbun, 2018.11.18
39. Nakagaki group: “Researchers Introduce the Latest Technology: 100 People at the Advanced Scienceand Mobile University,” Hakodate Shimbun, 2018.11.18
40. Gong group: “Lightweight and Safe, Concept Car Made of New Material, Open to the Public at
Hokkaido University,” Hokkaido Shimbun Digital Edition, 2018.11.19
41. Nakagaki group: “The Blob, This Strange Slimy Genius, No Plant, No Animal, No Mushroom,” Le

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Monde, 2017.6.25
42. Nakagaki group: “The Science of the Palm Surprises People,” Nihon Keizai Shimbun, The STYLE,
2017.10.8
43. Tanaka group: “Assisted by AI for Brain Tumor Diagnosis,” Hokkaido Shimbun, 2018.1.21
44. Gong group: “Development of Artificial Cartilage, Hokkaido University Expects Short-Time
Treatment”, Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, 2016.5.30
45. Tanaka group: “Bladder Cancer Enzyme Promotes Metastasis,” Yomiuri Shimbun, 2016.10.8
46. Tanaka group: “Bladder Cancer Metastasis Suppression,” Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, 2016.10.13
47. Tanaka group: “Identifying Enzymes for Malignant Transformation of Bladder Cancer,” Hokkaido
Shimbun, 2016.10.13
48. Tanaka group: “Bladder Cancer Metastasis Inhibition,” Mainichi Shimbun, 2016.10.22
49. Tanaka group: “Stopping Bladder Cancer Metastasis with Cold Medicine,” Hokkaido Medical News,
2016.10.28
50. Gong group: “NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. / Hokkaido University Collaborative Research for Cartilage
Treatment,” Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, 2017.2.1
51. Gong group: “NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd. / Hokkaido University Collaborative Research for Cartilage
Treatment,” Nikkei Shimbun, 2017.1.31
52. Gong group: “Development of Glass Fiber Reinforced Gel, Stronger and More Flexible than Metals,
by Hokkaido University,” Chemical Daily, 2017.1.18
53. Gong group: “Softness of Gel + Robustness of Fiber: Hokkaido University's New Material for
Clothing and Medical Care,” Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, 2017.1.19
54. Gong group: “Artificial Cartilage Made of Gel Material, Joint Research with Hokkaido University,
NGK Spark Plug Co., Ltd.,” Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun, 2017.1.21

Internet*Only original reports are listed here, cited reports are not included.
55. Nakagaki group: “Secret Mind of Slime,” PBS NOVA, 2020.9
56. Gong group: “This Polymer Hardens as It Heats Up,” Research Outreach, 2020.5.20
57. Gong group: “Meet the Phase-Separation Polymeric Gel,” Innovation News Network, 2020.1.28
58. Gong group: “Toughened up,” Nature Reviews Materials, 2019.12.3
59. Gong group: “Chemistry in Pictures: Stretchy Structural Color,” C&EN, 2020.1.7
60. Gong group: “Thermophile-Inspired Gel Gets 1,800 Times Harder When Heated,” New Atlas,
2019.12.6
61. Gong group: “Hokkaido University Developed Materials that Harden Instantly at High Temperatures,
Expected to be Applied as Protectors,” Yahoo! News (Science), 2019.11.26
62. Gong group: “Hokkaido University Developed Materials that Harden Instantly at High Temperatures,
Expected to be Applied as Protectors,” Jiji Dotcom, 2019.11.26
63. Gong group: “Hokkaido University Develops Polymer Compounds That Mimic the Adhesion Proteinsof Mussel Marine Organisms,” National Institute for Environmental Studies “Environmental
Information Media ‘Environment Observatory’,” 2019.11.19
64. Gong group: “Sticky Sea-Tuation: Scientists Develop Underwater Glue That Works Like Static
Electricity to Stick Objects Together in Seconds,” MailOnline, 2019.11.12
65. Gong group: “Hydrogel Material Flexes Its Muscles,” Der Chemische Reporter, 2019.2.5

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66. Gong group: “Hydrogel Material Flexes Its Muscles,” Physics World, 2019.2.4
67. Gong group: “Self-Growing Polymers Repair Themselves When Fractured,” Chemistry World,
2019.2.1
68. Gong group: “Fitness Training for Artificial Fibers,” Wissenschaft Aktuell, 2019.2.1
69. Gong group: “Hokkaido University Developed a Gel that Becomes 23 Times Harder with ‘Muscle
Training’,” Yahoo! News, 2019.2.1
70. Gong group: “Stretchy Hydrogel Heals Like Muscle,” Chemical & Engineering News, 2019.1.31
71. Gong group: “Self-Growing Material Could Make Muscles That Become Stronger with Use,” New
Scientist, 2019.1.31
72. Gong group: “Clingfish-Inspired Hydrogel Sticks Underwater,” Chemistry Views, 2018.7.1
73. Gong group: “Bridgestone Developed Rubber Composites That Achieve Both Low Fuel Consumptionand High Breaking Strength, Through Industry-Academia Collaboration,” Yahoo! News (Economics),
2018.6.25
74. Gong group: “Supramolecular Hydrogels with Multi-Cylindrical Lamellar Bilayers: Swelling-Induced
Contraction and Anisotropic Molecular Diffusion,” Advances in Engineering, 2017.5.26
75. Gong group: “Revolutionary Gel Is Five Times Stronger Than Steel,” CNN “Vision- The future ofJapan,” 2017.6.20
76. Gong group: “New High-Strength Hydrogel Using Triblock Copolymer,” Yahoo! News (Business),
2016.5.17
77. Gong group: “New High-Strength Hydrogel Using Triblock Copolymer,” Manufacturing News,
2016.5.17
78. Gong group: “Scientists Have Invented a Hydrogel Fabric That’s 5 Times Stronger Than Steel,”
Science Alert, 2017.3.3
79. Gong group: “Double Network Gel” for Application to Artificial Cartilage,” Chem-Station, 2016.5.30
80. Gong group: “New Hydrogel for Joint Injuries!” Orthopedics This Week, 2016.7.25

TV Features
81. Nakagaki group: “Quest Step # 27 Change the Meaning of Single Cell,” TV Tokyo, 2020.4.9
82. Gong group: “Kei Navi - Support! Dosanko Economy-,” TVh TV Hokkaido, 2020.2.15
83. Gong group: “NHK News Good Morning Japan,” NHK Sapporo Broadcasting Station, 2019.11.25
84. Gong group: “News of Hokkaido,” NHK Sapporo Broadcasting Station, 2019.12.8
85. Nakagaki group: “World Docu Selection ‘Genius Without Brain’ French ARTE Production Science
Documentary Japanese Version,” NHK BS 1, 2020.1.1.
86. Nakagaki group: “Staircase of Exploration: Changing the Meaning of ‘Single Cell’,” TV Tokyo(BSTV Tokyo), 2020.4.9
87. Nakagaki group: “Hokkaido Ignobel Award Two People Lecture,” HTB TV News, 2018.6.3
88. Gong group: “Yugata Satellite Doshin News: Innovative Electric Vehicle Opens to the Public at
Hokkaido University”, TVh TV Hokkaido, 2018.11.16
89. Gong group: “Dosanko Wide 179,” STV Sapporo TV, 2018.11.16
90. Gong group: “Today Doki!” HBC Hokkaido Broadcasting, 2018.11.16
91. Gong group: “Hot News 845,” NHK Sapporo Broadcasting Station, 2018.11.16
92. Gong group: “NHK News Good Morning Japan,” NHK Sapporo Broadcasting Station, 2019.2.1

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93. Gong group: “Let's go 1x8!” STV Sapporo TV, 2017.8.6
94. Gong group: “Yo Oizumi’s Surprise Japan!” NTV Nippon Television, 2017.8.5
95. Nakagaki group: “NENKIN QUEST Forest Jewel and Life Ring,” NHK General Television
Wakayama Broadcasting Station, 2017.8.26
96. Nakagaki group: “Commentary Program ‘Theory of Time’ Series: Ignobel Prize and Japanese
Scientific Research,” NHK General Television, 2017.9.16
97. Nakagaki group: “Kansai Hot Line of Sight: Mysterious Mystery of Mystery-Mystery of Familiar
Life,” NHK General Television, 2017.9.29
98. Gong group: “Galileo: The Strongest Gel in the World,” German Science TV Program, 2017.11.7
99. Gong group: “The Hormiguero,” Spanish TV Channel Antena 3 TV, 2018.2.12

Magazine
100. Gong group: “Muscle Gel that Grows with Load and Nutrition,” Weekly Diamond, 2019.10.26
101. Nakagaki group: “The World's First Public Exhibition! What is the Single-Celled Organism‘Mojihoko’ that Solves the Maze? (In Response to the Release of ‘Mojihori’ at the Paris Zoo in
France),” Weekly Playboy. 2019.11.18
102. Nakagaki group: “The Truly Amazing Ignobel Award,” Weekly Hyundai, 2017.10.14

Radio
103. Gong group: “This Material May Be Used as an Artificial Tendon or Ligament,” Radio Sputnik,
Russia, 2017.7.18
104. Nakagaki group: “Ask the Ig Nobel Prize Winners ~the Slime Mold That Won the Award~,” LookAhead Evening News, NHK Radio 1st Broadcast, 2017.8.24

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References

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188

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Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
Final Evaluation for the Global Station for Soft Matter projects
1. Aims
The Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE) shall implement an
external evaluation of the research, education and organizational framework of the Global Station forSoft Matter projects which started on April 1, 2016. As the projects have welcomed the final (fifth)
year of the implementation period upon the Fiscal Year 2020, the feedback of this evaluation shall be
used to improve the future project.
2. Evaluation Structure
A "Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education External
Evaluation Committee" shall be established in Soft Matter Global Station in accordance with theExternal Evaluation Implementation Guidelines for the Hokkaido University Global Institution for
Collaborative Research and Education Global Station (Document 2). All evaluations and reports shallbe undertaken in English.
□ Global Station for Soft Matter External Evaluation Committee
Candidates from Soft Matter GS: 2 foreign members, 1 Japanese member*When the evaluation is completed, the GI-CoRE Steering Committee shall receive a report fromthe Committee chair.
3. Evaluation Method□The External Evaluation Committee shall check the contents of the Research Progress Report(Document 3) sent in advance from HU before implementing the investigation, and shall evaluate
the evaluation items prescribed in Document 4.
□A 5-level evaluation ratings (S to D) and comments shall be obtained for each "Evaluation Item".
Evaluation
Evaluation Explanation
Ratings
S
Achieved outcomes surpassed the original plan (Outstanding)A
B
C
D

Good progress has been maintained and expected outcomes havebeen achieved (Excellent)
Most expected outcomes have been achieved with some slight delays(Good)
Although certain outcomes were achieved, overall results wereinsufficient (Satisfactory)
No expected outcomes were achieved (Unsatisfactory)

4. Required Expenses
Travel expenses (only when applicable) and honoraria shall be provided to the Committee Members inaccordance with HU regulations. It will be arranged and covered by Global Station for Soft Matter,
Hokkaido University depending on the situation of COVID-19.

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5. Publishing of Evaluation Results
Evaluation of this project shall be broadly announced, with the results both published on the relevant
HU websites and published as booklets which are sent to external organizations such as the Japanese
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology.

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GI‐CoRE Global Station External Evaluation ScheduleYear and Month

AgendaFiscal Year 2019 (2019‐2020)
November Selection/Arrangement of the Evaluation Committee Members*Criteria: 2 foreign and 1 Japanese members(candidates who can conduct evaluation in English)*Confirmation of affiliation, main achievements, contact details,
etc.
December GI‐CoRE Steering Committee #23*Fixing overviews of evaluation items, evaluation structure,schedule, etc.
*Fixing the Evaluation Committee Members
January to March *Starting to create the 2020 Research Progress Report (in English)*Official appointment request (letters from the GI‐CoRE Director)*Fixing evaluation forms
Fiscal Year 2020 (2020‐2021)
April Commission of Evaluation Committee Members
May Completion of the Research Progress Report*Forwarding the report to the Evaluation Committee Members fortheir document screening
June to July Preparation of On‐site Investigation
End of August to Online Investigation August 31st to September 1st
Early September Online investigation based on the document screening
End of September Submission of Summary Report and Results of the Evaluation
Committee
Each Committee Member shall forward their evaluation results,
based on the document screening and on‐line meeting.
The Chair shall summarize the Evaluation from each Committee andmake a report.
December GI‐CoRE Steering Committee #27*Report of the results of the Evaluation from the External Evaluation
Committee Members
MarchExpiration of the GSS project under the GI‐CoRE System

Fiscal Year 2021 (2021‐2022)
April Internalization of the GSS project into the affiliated faculty
July

Publication of the Final Evaluation Report

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192

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Hokkaido University
Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI‐CoRE)
External Evaluation Implementation Guidelines for the Global Stations
December 15, 2015
Establishment of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education Steering Committee
1. Purpose
These implementation guidelines shall provide the necessary matters for the
implementation of evaluation of the Global Station by non-University affiliated persons(hereinafter the “GS External Evaluation”) of the Hokkaido University Global Institution for
Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE).
2. Committee(1) The "Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education
External Evaluation Committee (hereinafter the "Committee")" shall be established by GICoRE in order to perform the matters prescribed in each of the following items.
(i) Implementation of GS External Evaluation(ii) Matters related to the creation and publishing of the report pertaining to the GS
External Evaluation(2) A Committee shall be established for each Global Station that is target for external
evaluation.
3. Composition(1) The Committee shall be composed of third parties other than constituent members of
Hokkaido University, and designated by the Director of GI-CoRE from persons prescribedin each of the following items.
(i) Person designated by the Director of GI-CoRE who is an expert both within and outside
Japan in the research field of the Global Station to be externally evaluated(ii) Persons whom the Director of GI-CoRE deems necessary(2) The Committee members prescribed in the preceding paragraph shall be commissionedby the Director of GI-CoRE after approval by the GI-CoRE Steering Committee.
4. Term of Office(1) The term of office for Committee Members shall be 1 year. However, if a Committee
Member vacancy occurs, the term of office of the successor shall be the remaining term of
the predecessor.
(2) Committee Members may be reappointed.
5. Committee Chair(1) A Committee Chair shall be appointed and selected through mutual election by theCommittee members.
(2) The Committee Chair shall call a Committee meeting as required, and shall chair the said
meeting.

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6. Proceedings(1) A Committee meeting may not be held unless a majority of the members are present.
(2) Committee meeting proceedings shall be decided by a majority of the attending members.
In case of a tie, the Committee Chair shall decide the issue.
7. Implementation of GS External Evaluation(1) The Committee shall implement the GS External Evaluation as prescribed in thefollowing Article.
(2) The Committee may hear the opinions of persons concerned and implement firsthandinvestigations related to the implementation of the GS External Evaluation.
8. Evaluation Items
The Committee shall evaluate the items prescribed by GI-CoRE in each of the following
items.
(1) Items related to research(2) Items related to education(3) Items related to the structure of the research and education center(4) Other items deemed necessary by the Committee
9. Creation and Publishing of the Report
The Committee shall collate the evaluation results prescribed in the preceding paragraphand publish the results in a report.
10. Response to Evaluation Results
The Director of GI-CoRE shall promptly work to implement improvements in view of thereport prescribed in the previous paragraph for items in which improvements are deemednecessary.
11. General Affairs
General affairs for the Committee shall be processed by the Division of International
Planning, International Affairs Department.
12. Miscellaneous Provisions
Necessary matters concerning GS External Evaluation other than those prescribed withinthese implementation guidelines shall be prescribed separately by the GI-CoRE Steering
Committee.
Supplementary Provisions
These guidelines shall come in force on 12 December 2017.
Supplementary Provisions
These guidelines shall come into force on March 7, 2019 and shall be applied from July 1, 2018.

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REGULATIONS FOR THE HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITYGLOBAL INSTITUTION FOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EDUCATIONHU Doc. No.151
April 1, 2014
(Purpose)
Article 1 These Regulations shall prescribe the organization and administration of the
Hokkaido University Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(hereinafter referred to as "the Institution for Research and Education"), based upon theRules Concerning the Organization of Hokkaido University (HU Doc. No. 31 of 2004),
Article 37(4).
(Objectives)
Article 2 The objectives of the Institution for Research and Education shall be to invite
teaching staff from Japan and overseas with world-class education and research results, topromote international collaborative research and international collaborative education(hereinafter referred to as "international collaborative research and education") that
capitalizes upon the distinctive characteristics of Hokkaido University (hereinafter referred
to as the "University"), and to provide support for international collaborative research being
furthered independently by faculties or schools.
(Employees)
Article 3 A Director and other necessary teaching staff shall be placed in the Institution for
Research and Education.
(The Director)
Article 4 The President shall be appointed as the Director of the Institution for Researchand Education.
2. The Director shall supervise the work of the Institution for Research and Education.
(The assistant director)
Article 5 An assistant director shall be placed in the Institution for Research and Education.
2. A vice president designated by the President shall be appointed as the assistant director.
3. The assistant director shall assist the Director in his or her duties and shall take over those duties in the event of the latter being incapacitated.
(Global stations)
Article 6 The following global stations shall be placed in the Institution for Research and
Education to promote international collaborative research and education that capitalizes
upon the distinctive characteristics of the University.
(1) The Global Station for Soft Matter(2) The Global Station for Big Data and Cybersecurity(3) The Global Station for Arctic Research(4) The Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery
2. Full-time teaching staff from the University (including specially appointed academic staff
who come under each item of Article 3 of the Hokkaido University Specially Appointed
Academic Staff Regulations (HU Doc. No. 35 of 2006). The same applies to Article 7(2)below.) and teaching staff invited from Japan and overseas shall be placed in the Institution
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for Research and Education.
3. The period for which a global station is established shall be five years. However, thisperiod can be extended within five years if the steering committee provided for in Article 8
deems it necessary.
(Global station leaders)
Article 7 A global station leader shall be placed in each of the global stations referred to in
the items of Article 6(1).
2. The global station leader shall be one of the teaching staff of the said global station who
has been designated by the Director.
3. The global station leader shall supervise the work of the said global station under the ordersof the Director.
4. The term of office of the global station leaders shall be three years or less, and they can bereappointed.
(Steering Committee)
Article 8 A steering committee shall be placed in the Institution for Research and Education
to deliberate important matters concerning the said institution.
2. The organization and administration of the steering committee shall be prescribed
separately.
(Administration)
Article 9 The administrative work of the Institution for Research and Education shall beprocessed in the Division of International Planning, the International Affairs Department.
(Miscellaneous provisions)
Article 10 In addition to what is prescribed in these Regulations, necessary mattersregarding the operation of the Institution for Research and Education shall be prescribed
separately by the President after approval by the steering committee.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2014.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2015.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2016.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on July 1, 2018.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on March 1, 2020.
Supplementary Provisions
These Regulations come into force on April 1, 2020.

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REGULATIONS FOR THE GLOBAL INSTITUTIONFOR COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH AND EDUCATION STEERING COMMITTEE
HU Doc. No. 152
April 1, 2014
(Purpose)
Article 1 These regulations shall provide for the necessary matters concerning theorganization and administration of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and
Education Steering Committee (hereinafter referred to as "the committee"), based upon
Article 8(2) of the Regulations for the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and
Education (HU Doc. No. 151 of 2014, "Regulations for the Institution for Education andResearch" in Article 3).
(Topics for Deliberation)
Article 2 The committee shall deliberate on the issues set forth in item (6) through item (10)of Article 2 of the National University Corporation Hokkaido University Agenda for
Hearing with Faculty Council Rules (HU Doc. No. 42 of 2015, referred to as “Hearing
Rules” in the following paragraph) and deliver opinions to the President.
2. In addition to the matters specified in the preceding paragraph, the committee shalldeliberate the following matters pertaining to the Hokkaido University Global Institution
for Collaborative Research and Education (hereinafter referred to as "the Institution for
Research and Education" in (5) below).
(1) Matters regarding personnel affairs of the faculty (excluding matters set forth in item (6)through item (10) of Article 2 of the Hearing Rules).
(2) Matters regarding the establishment, reform or termination of global stations.
(3) Matters regarding the evaluation of the educational and research activities of global
stations.
(4) Matters regarding budgets.
(5) Other important matters pertaining to the administration of the Institution for Researchand Education.
(Structure)
Article 3 The committee shall consist of the following members:(1) The director of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(referred to as "the director" in Article 5)(2) The assistant director of the Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education(referred to as "the assistant director" in Article 5)(3) One vice president designated by the President (excluding the person mentioned in theprevious item)(4) One dean or director from each of the following categories (a-d), each of whom shall be
designated by the Presidenta) The Graduate School of Law, the Faculty of Education, the Research Faculty ofMedia and Communication, the Faculty of Economics and Business, the Faculty of
Humanities and Human Sciences, the Faculty of Public Policy

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b) The Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, the Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, theFaculty of Science, the Research Faculty of Agriculture, the Faculty of Advanced Life
Science, the Faculty of Engineering, the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, the Faculty ofInformation Science and Technologyc) The Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, the Faculty of Health Sciences, the Faculty of
Medicine, the Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University Hospitald) Each affiliated research institute, each research center, the Field Science Center for
Northern Biosphere(5) Each global station leader as prescribed in Article 7 of the Regulations for the Institution
for Education and Research(6) Other persons whom the President deems appropriate
2. The President shall appoint the committee members mentioned in the preceding item (6)(Term of Office)
Article 4 The terms of office of the committee members indicated in paragraph 1(4) andparagraph 1(6) of the previous article shall be two years. However, the term of office of
substitute committee members shall be the remaining term of office of the previous
committee member.
2. The committee members indicated in the preceding paragraph may be reappointed.
(Committee Chair)
Article 5 The director shall be appointed as the committee chair.
2. The committee chair shall call committee meetings and preside over the said meetings.
3. The assistant director shall take over the director's duties in the event of the latter being
incapacitated.
(Proceedings)
Article 6 The committee cannot validly convene unless at least two-thirds of the committee
members are present.
2 Committee proceedings, other than those prescribed separately, shall be decided by the
majority vote of the attending committee members.
(Attendance of Persons Other Than Committee Members)
Article 7 In cases deemed necessary by the committee, persons other than committee
members may be permitted to attend committee meetings, and explanations or opinions of
the said persons may be heard.
(Committees on Special Issues)
Article 8 Committees on special issues may be established within the committee whennecessary in order to deliberate specialized matters.
(General Affairs)
Article 9 The administrative affairs of the committee shall be processed in the Division ofInternational Planning, the International Affairs Department.
(Miscellaneous Provisions)
Article 10 In addition to what is prescribed in these regulations, necessary mattersregarding the operation of the committee shall be prescribed by the said committee.

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Supplementary Provisions
These regulations come into force on April 1, 2014.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 196 of April 1, 2015)
These regulations come into force on April 1, 2015.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 191 of October 1, 2016)
These regulations come into force on October 1, 2016.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 163 of April 1, 2017)
1. These regulations come into force on April 1, 2017.
2. The dean of the Graduate School of Dental Medicine who was specified as a committee
member in c) of paragraph 1(4) of Article 3 prior to the revision (hereinafter referred to as“the former committee member” in this paragraph) shall be deemed to have been
appointed as a committee member under the revised regulations in c) of paragraph 1(4) of
Article 3 on the enforcement date of these regulations. The term of office of the said
member shall be the remaining term of office of the former committee member on theenforcement date, notwithstanding the revised provisions of Article 4(1).
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 182 of June 20, 2017)
These regulations come into force on June 20, 2017 and apply retroactively from April 1,
2017.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 98 of July 1, 2018)
These regulations come into force on July 1, 2018.
Supplementary Provisions (HU Doc. No. 134 of April 1, 2019)
1. These regulations come into force on April 1, 2019.
2. The dean of the Graduate School of Letters who was specified as a committee member inc) of paragraph 1(4) of Article 3 prior to the revision (hereinafter referred to as “theformer committee member” in this paragraph) shall be deemed to have been appointed as
a committee member under the revised regulations in c) of paragraph 1(4) of Article 3 onthe enforcement date of these regulations. The term of office of the said member shall be
the remaining term of office of the former committee member on the enforcement date,notwithstanding the revised provisions of Article 4(1).

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Final Evaluation Report | Global Station for Soft Matter, GI-CoRE, Hokkaido University

Final Evaluation Report

外部評価報告書

Published by:

発

Global Institution for Collaborative Research

国際連携研究教育局（GI-CoRE）

July 2021

行：

Global Station for Soft Matter,

北海道大学

and Education (GI-CoRE),

ソフトマターグローバルステーション

Website: https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gss/

ウェブサイト : https://gi-core.oia.hokudai.ac.jp/gss/

Hokkaido University

名称未設定-4 2

2021/11/19 16:44