Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)■ Contact Information

Annual ReportJapan Atomic Energy Agency（Business Report FY2022）
2023

Public Relations Department, Japan Atomic Energy Agency©2023 Japan Atomic Energy Agency Published November 2023 Printed in Japan

Japan Atomic Energy Agency765-1, Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184, Japan
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National Research and Development Agency

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report 2022

CONTENTSThe Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), a National Research and Development Agency, submits an annual business report to the competent ministers together with financial statements inaccordance with the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies. This report

Policies for Operation

Outcome of Operation

presents an abstract of JAEAʼs research and development (R&D) and various other activities.
In the light of its corporate social responsibilities as a National Research and Development
Agency, a comprehensive outline is also given of its environmental report publication, the operation of its information disclosure system, its participation in regional activities, and its technology transfer activities.
The main part of the report concerns JAEAʼs operations and the state of its R&D for FY2022(April 2022 – March 2023).

02

07

Foundation for Operation

Basic Information

40

52

Policies for Operation

Presidentʼs Philosophy, Operational Policies and Strategies
Message from the President
Contribution to Society by Achieving Medium- /Long-Term Objectives and Plan
Management by the President

Foundation for Operation
P02
P02

Measures to be Taken to Attain Business Operation
Targets Placing Top Priority on Safety
Contributing to Carbon Neutrality through the Developmentof Innovative Technologies such as Safety Improvements

Through this report, we seek to promote your understanding and support of JAEAʼs operations and R&D.

● Reporting period

The reporting period is basically FY2022 (April 2022 – March 2023).
However, the report also includes certain information from the period after FY2022.
● Reference Guidelines, etc.
◎ Guidelines on the Annual Report of Incorporated Administrative Institutions (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)

P40

P04

Governance

P41

P06

Information on Operation of Internal Control

P42◎ ISO 26000: 2010 Guidelines Concerning CSR：https://www.iso.org/standard/42546.html◎ Environmental Reporting Guidelines 2018 version (Ministry of the Environment)◎ GRI Standards：https://www.env.go.jp/content/000042339.pdf：https://www.globalreporting.org/standards● Notation Method

Figures are rounded in principle to the nearest whole number for the unit provided.
The total shown may therefore differ from the sum of the relevant individual items.

P07
P07
P11

Initiatives to Maintain and Develop R&D Functions

P43

Status of Environmental Impact Reduction Activities

P44

Operational and Management Challenges,
Risk Management Status and Countermeasures

P45

Status of Risk Management

P45

Structural Reform of JAEA Operations

P47

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

P48

P14

Redefining the Organizational Concept andSecuring/Training Human Resources

P48

P18

Promoting R&D Contributing to the Response to the Accident
at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Public Consultation, Public Relations andInformation Disclosure

P50

P21

Contribution to Regional Development

P51

Steadily Implementing Technology Development for theTreatment and Disposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste

P23

Steadily Implementing Sustainable Backend Measures
Prioritizing Safety

P25

Technical Support for Nuclear Safety Regulation andEmergency Preparedness through Safety Research

Creating Innovation through the Promotion of Diverse
R&D on Nuclear Science and Technology
Function Enhancement of a Platform for R&D and Human
Resource Development in Japan

Premise Information for Proper Assessment of Operations：https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_content/000572212.pdf

P40

Board of Executive Directors

Outcome of Operation
Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate
Service Provision

Results of Self-Assessment and Administrative Cost by
Segment in FY2022/Results of Ministerial Evaluation for
Past Years
Financial Information

Basic Information
Basic Information on JAEA

P52

JAEAʼs Position and Role in Japanʼs National Policy

P52

P28

Profile of Organization

P55

P30

Location of R&D Sites

P57

Other Information for Publication

P58

P31

JAEA at a Glance

P60

P32

Condition of Net Assets

P32

Condition of Financial Resources

P33

Summary of Budget and Financial Results

P34

Summary of Financial Statements

P35

Description of Financial Condition andManagement Situation

P38

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

01

Presidentʼs Philosophy, Operational Policies and Strategies
Policies for Operation

Message from the President

Review of FY2022

President, the Japan
Atomic Energy Agency

KOGUCHI Masanori

Vision (Future Image)

Exploration of a New Future with the Synergy of
Nuclear and Renewable
Code of Conduct
To Act with a Goal-Oriented Approach

Basic Information• Fostering a healthy organizational culture• Preemptive safety and risk response• Enhancing robust R&D capabilities in response to various societal needs• Enhancing expertise and promoting self-awareness of responsibilities• Accountability not explanation

concern and inconvenience this has caused the local
communities and other related parties. We will takeall possible measures to develop a new dismantlingprocess. We will also do our utmost to remove spent
fuel and transfer it overseas.
We started the vitrification of high-level radioactive
liquid waste in the process of the decommissioningof the Tokai Reprocessing Plant and the production of
vitrified waste in July 2022. However, since the problemof the accumulation of platinum group elements inthe melter currently in use has not been resolved, we
have decided to temporarily suspend the production of
vitrified waste and to introduce a new melter type.
We resumed the operation of JRR-3 in February
2021, after a ten-year shutdown period and, in parallelwith J-PARC, we worked to develop a support systemfor various types of research using neutrons for theapplication of nuclear technology to a wide range ofindustrial fields, including medicine. In addition, we also
proceeded with the response to the Nuclear Regulation
Authorityʼs new regulatory requirement conformity
reviews and inspections for “Joyo”, aiming to resume its
operation in FY2024.
As I mentioned above, in response to thegovernmentʼs GX initiative, we are building a framework
for JAEAʼs efforts to develop next-generation innovative
reactors. In November 2022, we established the“HTGR Project Management Office” to strengthen
our efforts in HTGR, and hydrogen production andheat utilization technologies using HTGR. We alsocommenced activities in April 2023 at the newly
established “Overseas Business Strategy Department”
to facilitate cooperation with related overseasorganizations, along with beefing it up with additional
personnel, etc.
At JAEA, we will continue our efforts to create asustainable society by pursing the harmonization of
nuclear technologies that have been accumulated withrenewable technologies.
We look forward to your continued support.

Management Principles
https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/about/philosophy.html

02

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

Foundation for Operation

The JAEA is Japanʼs sole comprehensive nuclear research and development institute.
Based on its own Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, JAEA conducts research on enhancing
nuclear safety, carries out R&D on the nuclear-fuel cycle, engages in basic and fundamental
research in the nuclear field, responds to the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO), and carries out
R&D on radioactive-waste treatment and disposal technology.

FY2022 was the first fiscal year of the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Period and saw a significant
change in the business environment for nuclear
energy. Especially after autumn 2022, the maximum
utilization of nuclear energy has been advocated toachieve carbon neutrality by FY2050 in the GX (Green
Transformation) initiative led by Prime Minister Kishida.
Among the goals to be achieved are the resumptionof the operation of nuclear power plants that meet
safety standards, the development of innovative lightwater reactors with the feature of enhanced safety
and efficiency, and that of next-generation innovative
reactors, such as high-temperature gas-cooled reactors
and fast reactors.
While these national policies are encompassed in
the 4th Medium-/Long-term Objectives, we have once
again taken the important role entrusted to us seriously,
and have been steadily developing the organizational
scheme to carry out that mission.
For the time being, we have been focusing on ourcurrent challenges: decommissioning of TEPCOʼs
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS),
safe and steady implementation of decommissioningof “Monju” and “Fugen”, high-level radioactive waste
treatment, and application of nuclear technology to awide range of industrial fields, including the medical
field.
With regard to the decommissioning of FDNPS,
we completed the construction of the Radioactive
Material Analysis and Research Facility Laboratory-1 at
Okuma Analysis and Research Center in Okuma-machi,
Fukushima Prefecture in June 2022. We thus haveestablished of the system for confirming the safety of
ALPS-treated water for ocean discharge in addition tothat for analyzing waste samples.
In October 2022, we completed the first phase of thedecommissioning of “Monju” by safely transferring all
the fuel assemblies to the spent fuel pool. We will now
move on to the second phase, which is to prepare forthe dismantlement of sodium equipment through theextraction of sodium.
While dismantling of periphery facilities at “Fugen”
is progressing smoothly, dismantling of the reactor
core was postponed for seven years to develop asafer dismantling process. We apologize for the grave

Outcome of Operation

Contributing to the welfare andprosperity of society throughnuclear science and technology

03

Presidentʼs Philosophy, Operational Policies and Strategies

Exploration of a New Futurewith the Synergy of Nuclear andRenewable Energy*

Contribution to Society by Achieving
Medium- /Long-Term Objectives and Plan
JAEA will achieve the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives speciﬁed by the competent ministers and actively
contribute to the development and use of nuclear energy throughout Japan, improvement of the safety of
nuclear energy in Japan and overseas, and the creation of innovation.

P.47

P.43

Status of Risk
Management

Technical Support for Nuclear Safety
Regulation and Emergency Preparedness
through Safety Research

P.45-46

PublicConsultation,
Public Relations
and Information
Disclosure

P.28-29

P.50

Key SDGs to which JAEAʼs R&D
contributes

Steadily Implementing Sustainable
Backend Measures Prioritizing Safety

Steadily Implementing Technology
Development for the Treatment andDisposal of High-Level Radioactive Waste

Redefining theOrganizational
Concept andSecuring/Training
Human Resources

P.23-24

P.25-27

Achieving Medium-

P.48-49/Long-Term Objectives and Plan

Promoting R&D Contributing to the
Response to the Accident at TEPCOʼs
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

・Human resources
・Nuclear nonproliferation andnuclear security
・International cooperation

P.51

P.18-20

Foundation for Operation

Contributing to Carbon Neutrality
through the Development of
Innovative technologies such as safety
improvements

・Pursuit of safety and economic superiority
・High-temperature gas reactor
・Fast reactor and nuclear-fuel cycle

Key SDGs to which the infrastructureof operations contributes

P.21-22

Foundation for Operation

Function Enhancement of a
Platform for R&D and Human
Resource Development in Japan

Contribution
to Regional
Development

Creating Innovation through thePromotion of Diverse R&D on Nuclear
Science and Technology
P.14-17

P.11-13

Message fromthe President
P.2-3

Safe nuclear
energy use

Management by
the President

Social Issues

in JAEAʼs Environment

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

P.6

Decommissioningof nuclear facilities
and managementof radioactive
waste* JAEA formulated new management principles on April 1, 2023, defining “Explorationof a New future with the Synergy of Nuclear and Renewable Energy” as the new
vision. JAEA will make further efforts in R&D of nuclear science and technology,
and contribute to realizing its vision by enhancing synergy, cooperation, andcollaboration with all other fields, especially renewable-related technologies.

Management Principles
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/philosophy.html(in Japanese)

Ensuring nuclear
nonproliferationand nuclear
security

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)05

Basic Information

Response to the
Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power
Station Accident

04

Structural
Reform of JAEA
Operations

P.44

Foundation for Operation

Climate change,energy andresource
problems

It is a new sustainable society that will overcome thedichotomy of and integrate nuclear and renewableenergy for the realization of SDGs

Outcome of Operation

Status ofEnvironmental
Impact Reduction
Activities

Initiatives to
Maintain andDevelop R&D
Functions

Policies
Policies
for Operation
for Operation

Future Image

VisionPresidentʼs Philosophy, Operational Policies and Strategies

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used

Measures to be Taken to Attain Business
Operation Targets Placing Top Priority on Safety

JAEA operates a business management cycle (PDCA: a method of continuous improvement by repeating the four steps ofPlan→Do→Check→Action) via board meetings led by the President, and biannual presidential hearings. Under strong leadership,
the presidential hearings clarify the issues facing each major business in terms of technology, society, and resources, and also clarify
the system of responsibility to improve management and achieve goals. In addition, we implement risk management activities (P.45)
to deal with risks that may materialize, and carry out centralized business management in conjunction with the presidential hearings.

Evaluation ofoperational results

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/safety/(in Japanese)

Reflect

Plan
Setting Medium-/Long-Term Objectives

Do

Operational
management cycle

Improvement based onhearing session

Ensuring Safety Above All

CheckPresidential hearing session

Counterplans 2
Counterplans 1・Layering and materialization measures to solve problems in order to achieve goals
Consideration of cross-organizational efforts and cooperation with externalorganizations such as manufacturers and universities
Consideration of the annual development of each issue

Issues related tosocieties

・Clarify the system for resolving each issue with executive staff as the person
responsible for each extracted issue

・Preparation of countermeasures foreach risk from the perspective ofminimizing the spread of damage
when a risk occurs

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Counterplans 2
Counterplans 1

Issues related totechnologies

Achievementof goals
Issues related
to resourcesCounter plans 1
Counter plans 2

Position hierarchy

Business strategy
Risks related toentry, continuationand decline

CultureCorporate culture risk
Risks related tocompany customs,
constitution, values,
and personnel system

Top Management(Management layer)

ST-1：･･･
ST-2：･･･

CT-1：･･･
CT-2：･･･

Middle Management SM-1：･･･(Managerial position) SM-2：･･･

CM-1：･･･
CM-2：･･･

PM-1：･･･
PM-2：･･･

Execution(Practitioners)

CE-1：･･･
CE-2：･･･

PE-1：･･･
PE-2：･･･

Activities to Develop and Maintain a Safety Culture
As part of activities to develop and maintain a safety culture,
the Executive Directors undertook safety patrols andexchanged opinions with staff on-site to promote information
sharing and mutual understanding between management andstaff. Each JAEA site held a safety meeting with participationof operating partners, a safety and health patrol by the

director general, sensory-based safety training to enhance staff
sensitivity to risk, and other related activities as ongoing efforts
to improve the safety consciousness of personnel involved in
JAEA operations. We will continue these activities to develop
and maintain a safety culture and thereby prevent accidents
and technical issues.

Process
Business execution
Risks related toplanning andexecution

Basic Information06* Layering and materialization
measures to solve problems

Comprehensively extract issues from the perspectives of“technology” “resource” and “society,” and consideration ofcountermeasures for JAEAʼs main businessas risk assessments and hazard prediction.
In FY2022, to strengthen the governance of safety
management, nuclear security, etc. throughout JAEA, the safety
management framework was systematically strengthened byestablishing the “Safety and Nuclear Security Administration
Head Ofﬁce” led by an Executive Director as the generalmanager. In addition, to strengthen safety activities, the “chiefsafety manager,” introduced in FY2021, visited each site toinspect the conditions of all sites from a single viewpoint,
pointed out any problems, promoted their improvement, andchecked their improvement plans.

Foundation for Operation

JAEA handles radioactive materials and is therefore required todemonstrate exceptionally high levels of safety and reliability.
To that end, JAEA has formulated basic policies on safety,
quality, and nuclear security and conducts its operations
placing safety above all. Each JAEA site undertakes activities
in accordance with the basic policy on safety and healthmanagement and the quality assurance policy on nuclear safety.
Each site also seeks continuous operational improvement by
repeating the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) cycle. In addition, byinstilling recognition of the importance of basic behavior ateach individual workplace, we promote pre-work activities such

Presidential hearing session and Risk management activities

Prevention of risks
Countermeasures
after risk occurrence

Action policy to comply
with laws and regulations
related to nuclear security*1 Safety culture/nuclear security culture is the organizational climate and perception of safety as the top priority/nuclear security role and responsibility of the organization and its
respective personnel.

Implementation of operations
according to plan

Annual plan

ActionExtensive risk extractions
for JAEAʼs main business by
position hierarchy (management
layer, managerial position,practitioners) and three factors(strategy, culture, process)Quality assurance policy
on nuclear safety

Basic Safety Management
Policies
Action policy to foster anuclear security culture

Safety assurance activities page

Operational results report

Risk
management
activities

Basic policy on safety andhealth management

Outcome of Operation

National Research and Development Agency Council
Japan Atomic Energy Agency Sub-Committee

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Problem solving insetting goals

Basic Safety Management Policies

Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority
Setting Medium-/Long-Term Objectives

Presidential
hearingsession(Costs required for operations)This item includes content realized by implementation of other matters, and the amounts recorded asadministrative costs are as recorded for those other matters.

JAEA places the highest priority on ensuring safety in its
basic policies for management and business operations.
Based on these policies, we ensure the safety of our facilities
and operations and the appropriate management of nuclear
materials, and work tirelessly to develop and maintain a safety
culture*1 and foster a nuclear security culture*1.

Management by the President
Competent ministers

Policies for Operation

Management by the President

Patrol inspections by executives to check safety (left),
Virtual Reality (VR) sensory training to enhance sensitivity of field staff to safety
and risks (right)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

07

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Activities to Prevent Recurrence of Similar Events(Agency-wide Sharing of Lessons Learned from Incidents)of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology titled“Future measures to prevent accident or problem recurrence
following the contamination accident in the controlled areaof the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories.” InFY2021, JAEA evaluated the effectiveness of measures taken inaccordance with the instructions and conﬁrmed that the initially
expected results had been achieved. We will continue withrelated action.

In FY2022, JAEA reported and informed about 35 occurrencesof accidents and troubles in total (notiﬁed the ﬁre station about
ﬁre, smoke, and injuries during an operation). Especially, thenumber of events which were not treated as a ﬁre event such as
smoke generation, ﬁnding of a burn mark, etc., and the numberof alarms generated by ﬁre-alarm boxes attributed to steam
leak or operations demonstrated an increasing trend comparedwith the previous ﬁscal year. Hence, we are making efforts toprevent recurrences by enhancing inspections on the aged
facilities and implementing planned repair work. There were

no accidents or trouble that was subject to statutory reporting
under the Nuclear Reactor Regulation Law.
There was one inspection ﬁnding through the nuclear
regulation inspection, no correction recommendation from theLabor Standards Inspection Ofﬁce about work safety of JAEA,
two directions form the ﬁre department, and six accidents
accompanied by lost worktime due to injuries resulting in
absence from work. JAEA accepts these suggestions fromexternal institutions with sincerity, investigates the causes, andunrolls them throughout JAEA for improvement.

Efforts to Organize and Prioritize Aging Facilities for Utilization

Activities Based on Quality Assurance Policy on Nuclear Safety

As JAEA started its R&D activities in the 1960s, many of its
facilities and equipment have aged. These older facilities andequipment pose a safety risk that needs to be prioritized.
Our response plan is to group these facilities into those

JAEA ensures proper operation and continuous improvementof safety-related activities under a quality assurance policy
on nuclear safety set forth in accordance with the operationalsafety program for reactors and other facilities.

we will continue to use and those we will no longer use fordecommissioning. The necessary measures are implemented
based on risk assessment.

In FY2022, JAEA announced the message of the president,
distributed the monthly quality poster, and held lecture
meetings to maintain/improve the quality management
pertaining to nuclear facilities.

Agency-Wide Safety Review and Quality Assurance Committee

To be prepared for crises such as nuclear facility accidents/
failures and natural disasters, we periodically implement
necessary training and drills. In comprehensive emergency
preparedness drills held at the research institutes subject to
the Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear Emergency
Preparedness, we conducted exercises on sharing information
via the Integrated Nuclear Emergency Preparedness Networkthat links JAEA and the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation
Authority, with the aim of reﬁning the system to share and send

JAEA operates an Agency-wide Safety Review and Quality
Assurance Committee to consider applications for licensing of
nuclear facilities and matters related to quality management
activities across JAEA. We took measures to improve the
efﬁciency of the Committeeʼs deliberations, including
preparation of a summary sheet to check the completeness of
the required items in technological standards and regulations,and of the entries in licensing application forms, which

out information.
In FY2022, training was conducted ﬁve times on the sitecovered by the Act on Special Measures Concerning Nuclear
Emergency Preparedness. Particularly, in the Nuclear Science
Research Institute and NCL, assuming that a large earthquake
has occurred in Tokaimura Ibaraki Prefecture, the training for
simultaneous occurrences of two sitesʼ disasters has been
implemented, to improve the accident response capacity forthe case in which several sites are affected by an earthquake.

Actual achievements of comprehensive emergency training in FY2022 (number of participants attending the training)
September 20, 2022
Fugen
Decommissioning
Engineering Center
About

140 participants

October 21, 2022
Ningyo-toge
Environmental
Engineering Center
About

220 participants

December 20, 2022
Oarai Research andDevelopment InstituteAbout

320 participants

January 24, 2023
Prototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju
About

160 participants

February 21, 2023 (joint training)
Nuclear Science
Nuclear Fuel
Research Institute
Cycle Engineering
Laboratories
About

170 participants

About

240 participants

Maintenance of Equipment for Emergency Response

08

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

in the case of a nuclear emergency.
In FY2022, to further improve the reliability of the equipment
for emergency response, we started the study for optimizing
and rationalizing the teleconference system, investigated
the requirements and speciﬁcations which will be requiredin the next-generation teleconference system for emergency
response, and arranged the system requirements.

Management Review by the President
To check if the safety activities of the nuclear facilities are
effective, the president receives regular reports from each facility
directly and reviews them to improve the operations pertaining
to the quality management system and the safety activities.
In FY2022, continued from FY2021, the president
management review was conducted twice with participants
including senior advisors who are external experts. In thepresident management review, the president provided
directions for improvement aiming at “zero trouble” toall employees working together as a unit with strong
responsibility and leadership.
Management Review by the President at the end of FY2022

Basic Information

JAEA operates and maintain equipment for emergency response
including a teleconferencing system to enable us to unfailingly
share information within JAEA and send out information toexternal parties. Focusing speciﬁcally on the Integrated Nuclear
Emergency Preparedness Network, which is important in sharing
information with the Japanese government, we conductedperiodic connection testing to ensure the availability of services

promoted appropriate licensing applications.
In FY2022, the committee held 13 meetings to discuss
ﬁve subjects in total including the permission application forlicense amendment of a nuclear reactor and the application
for authorization of the decommissioning plans. In addition, it
performed causal analyses of the accidents/troubles occurred in
2022 (from January to December) and issued messages callingfor attention to prevent accidents/troubles on each of the sites.

Foundation for Operation

Implementation of Training and Drills at Nuclear Facilities

Outcome of Operation

Following an accident or technical issue, JAEA undertakes
activities to share the lessons learned agency-wide. In FY2021,
continuing from the previous ﬁscal year, in addition to its preexisting agency-wide sharing of information, JAEA worked
to promote understanding among staff by creating shorteducational videos with subtitles giving a visual demonstrationof inappropriate responses to an accident or emergency andshared them on the JAEA intranet.
In April 2019, JAEA received instructions from the Minister

Occurrence of Accidents and Problems

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

09

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Contributing to Carbon Neutrality through theDevelopment of Innovative Technologies such as
Safety Improvements
Response to the Safety Regulations of Nuclear Facilities
In inspections to verify compliance with the new regulatory
standards triggered by the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, JAEA focused on the inspection
pertaining to the permission application for license amendmentof the experimental fast reactor “JOYO”. In FY2022, JAEA
held more than 10 open inspection meetings to discuss its
compliance with the regulatory standard with the Nuclear
Regulation Authority and made amendments where necessary.

*1 Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are small reactors with an electricity output of less than 300 MW per reactor compared to larger reactors with an electricity output of more than
1,000 MW, and are expected to offer higher safety, lower design, manufacturing and construction costs, and fewer siting constraints.

Initiatives for Ensuring Nuclear Security
the presidentʼs message, performing patrol inspections bymanagement and opinion exchange with management,
and conducting awareness surveys about nuclear security,
in particular.

March 2023
(Present)

2024

3rd Mid-Term

March 2029

2030

2040

Decision to move to the start of thelicensing phase and the basic designof the demonstration reactors

Conceptual design of thedemonstration reactor andnecessary studies

Efforts to provide basic technology andinfrastructure
Reactorconstruction andoperation【 Demonstration
reactor 】*Equipment shown in red is computer-controlled.

Schematic illustration of physical protection (example)

Technology
roadmap for
introduction*22050

4th Mid-Term
Summer FY2023: Selecting reactor
concept speciﬁcations for the conceptual
design and the core company

Strategic
Roadmap
Promotion of competition among（ Revised in Dec. various technologies
2022）
Efforts to resume operation of experimental
reactor "Joyo"

Safetyreview

Conceptual design

Optimization design and basic design

・Feasibility conﬁrmation of components
and system
・Evaluation of construction costs
・Setting of basic speciﬁcations

Detailed
designConstruction
Operation*3& Testing・Setting of technical speciﬁcations
・Plant and system design
・Setting of load conditions,safety evaluation, etc.

Technology demonstration of components and systems with large test facilities
Research andDevelopment (R&D)

Acquisition of irradiation data of fuels and materials (including data for licensing)
Development of regulations and standards

Fuel fabrication facilities

Activities for SSAC* and Safeguards*

Conceptual study, Conceptual design, Basic design, Detailed design, Manufacturing design2021 Adoption of Green
Growth Strategy
HighReactor construction
Temperatureand operation
Gas-cooled
Reactor (HTGR) 【 Demonstration
Reactor 】
Technology
roadmap for
Research andintroduction*2
Development

5

2024

Construction & Testing Operation*3

2030
Basic Design*3

Detailed
Design*3

Licensing, manufacturing,
construction andinstallation*3

Operation*3

Upgraded fuel and core
HTTR-heat application test
(Existing hydrogen production technology)

Development and demonstration of facilities and equipment

HTTR-heat application test
(Carbon-free hydrogen technology)

Out-of-pile test
(Helium gas turbine)

Development of regulations and standards(Construction and operation of)fuel-production facilities

Safeguards lecture session

Conceptual design, basic design, detailed design, construction, irradiation tests*3

Basic Information

From the viewpoint of peaceful use of nuclear materials, andto demonstrate the transparency of its use of nuclear materials,
JAEA provides the Japanese government and the IAEA withinformation on the state of its nuclear material management andfacilities in a timely and appropriate manner. For these activities,
the Japanese government and IAEA conduct safeguards
inspections to check that nuclear materials are properly managed.
In addition, JAEA strives to further advance the nuclear material
accountancy and safeguards related knowledge of the staff
involved through e-learning, safeguarding lectures, rank-based
training, and patrols and opinions exchanges by management.

Medium-/Long-Term Plan

April 2022

Fast Reactor*2 External threats refer to the cases in which someone trespasses into a nuclear facility from outside and tries to perform actions of interference or destruction or steals nuclear
materials. On the other hand, internal threats refer to the cases in which internal members such as the staff try to perform illegal actions. In the case of a threat by an internal
member, the threat is characterized by the tendency that it is difficult to find the threat since the member has right of accesss.
*3 The trustworthiness determination program: As one of the measures against threats from staff and other insiders, this program investigates the identity, career, possible
terrorist connections and other background details of individuals who have access to the designated inner areas of nuclear facilities and handle confidential information on
physical protection so as to exclude the risk of sabotage.

4

December 2018
Adoption of“Strategic Roadmap”

Foundation for Operation

JAEA is making efforts to address “nuclear security (protection
against nuclear materials and speciﬁc radioactive isotopes)” toprevent nuclear materials from being stolen or nuclear facilities
from being destroyed by terrorism. Nowadays, increased threats
have been observed due to changes in external conditions, andwe are making efforts to lower the risks against external andinternal threats*2 by maintaining and strengthening protective
measures, enhancing inspection and monitoring, operating thesystem to conﬁrm individual credibility*3, and implementing
security measures for the information system.
In addition, the Physical Protection Corrective Action
Program (PPCAP) operation and assessments to relevant
facilities were conducted to evaluate and improve voluntary
nuclear security efforts.
JAEA also conducts activities based on the “action plans
pertaining to compliance of related laws and regulations” andthe “action plans pertaining to fostering of the nuclear security
culture.” JAEA is trying to maintain a high level of awarenessof nuclear security by conducting e-learning, providing

JAEA has been conducting research to enhance the safety of nuclear systems, in which we actively support project-related authorities
and companies, and work on the application of research outcomes to JAEAʼs own nuclear systems. In addition, to meet social
demands for nuclear energy systems, such as contributing to carbon neutrality and improving economic efﬁciency, JAEA has been
engaging in fast-reactor development utilizing international collaboration, research on innovative reactor technologies required for
SMRs*1, etc., establishment of elemental technologies for hydrogen production in HTGRs, and so on.

Operation*3*2 https://www.meti.go.jp/shingikai/enecho/denryoku_gas/genshiryoku/033.html (in Japanese)*3 These vary depending on the location and business plan of an operator.

*4 Nuclear material accountancy: This work involves measuring and recording the inventory and movement of nuclear materials and supplies, which is internationally regulated under
the law, and reporting this information to the government on a regular basis.
*5 Safeguards: It is a system led by IAEA and the Japanese government that conducts inspections of nuclear facilities to verify that no diversion to nuclear weapons has taken place.

10

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Outcome of Operation

To enhance agency-wide compliance with common safety
regulations, JAEA periodically holds safety review andresponse liaison meetings to share information about thestate of review by the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation
Authority and recommendations. In addition, JAEA promoted
resolution of issues by holding periodic meetings with thesafety regulation managers of the Secretariat of the Nuclear
Regulation Authority.

(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 22,517 million yen (operations expenses 21,055 million yen and entrusted
expenses 1,425 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (17,118 million yen) and income from research consigned fromthe government (1,176 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss
(233 million yen) and other administrative costs (542 million yen) to this cost, was 23,297 million yen.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

11

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation◆ Improved standards for fast-reactor operation beyond 60 years

Major achievements 2022
◆ Development of Accident Tolerant Fuels

Accident tolerant fuels (ATF) R&D[SiC/SiC Composite]for BWR/PWR● Toshiba Energy Systems& Solutions● Hitachi-GE Nuclear
Energy/GNF-J〜 4.2 ｍ

[FeCrAl-ODS(improved SS) ]for BWR● Hitachi-GE Nuclear
Energy/GNF-J〜 4.5 ｍ[Coated-Zry]for PWR● Mitsubishi Heavy
Fuel
Industries/MNF
cladding

OutcomeIrradiation at an overseas reactor (Idaho National Laboratory, the U.S.)
of fuel rods made of a candidate material developed in Japan for ATFs
is scheduled to begin in 2023. It will be the ﬁrst irradiation test forJapan-developed candidate materials for ATFs. The realization of ATFs
is expected to contribute to improving safety, reliability, and efﬁciencyof light water reactors with a view to achieving carbon neutrality.

Fuel for PWR[Fundamental tech for
ATF R&D]
Radiation effects testing● JAEA

Fuel for BWR

Material test lab
Numerous long-term tests have been
conducted, including 220,000-plus hours(approximately 34 years) of testingElectron micrograph of a fracturesurfaceElectron micrograph of a material
after 190,000 hours

Long-term material testing*3 Buckling is a sudden change in shape of a structural component, which occurs
when a load exceeding a certain level is applied to it.

Outcome
Improved fast-reactor standards will serve to double plant service
life, and achieve safer and more economical fast reactors required forcarbon neutrality.

Accident tolerant fuels (ATF) R&D

A specimen

Outcome of Operation

At the Fukushima Daiichi NPP, melting of fuel led to a severe
accident (SA). Subsequently, the development of Accident
Tolerant Fuels (ATFs), which are expected to increase coping
time and reduce heat generation/hydrogen production under
SA conditions, has been actively pursued worldwide. In Japan,
ATF development is being promoted by a countrywide
collaboration to produce domestic ATFs for practical use. The
realization of ATFs will enhance nuclear safety of fuels andmaterials against SA conditions.

To achieve safer, more economically efﬁcient fast reactors, wehave been conducting R&D of standards for their design andconstruction.
One of the steps is successful development of an evaluation
equation that shows fast-reactor material properties moreaccurately, and the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers(JSME) has adopted it in its standards. The equation is basedon long-term material test data and evaluation results using
the data accumulated and organized by JAEA in cooperation
with domestic and international research institutes andmanufacturers. With this, fast reactors will be able to extend theirservice life from the originally assigned 30 years to 60 years. In
addition, a JAEA-developed reliability evaluation method forfast-reactor components has also been incorporated into JSME
guidelines. This can evaluate component reliability, taking into
account uncertainties such as seismic forces that can cause
buckling*3.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/sefard/randd/development/
arcadia/comprehensive/structure/equipment/ (in Japanese)

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mej/4/3/4_16-00558/_article/-char/en

https://nsec.jaea.go.jp/ATFWS/ATFWS_2022s.html(in Japanese)

OutcomeHTGRs, which have excellent safety features and can be used forvarious heat applications, such as hydrogen production, are expected
to contribute to the realization of carbon neutrality.

Japan Atomic Energy
Agency, National Nuclear
Laboratory (NNL), andJacobs as partners in UK
HTGR Demonstration Project
Phase A
From the left: Jacobs White
VP, JAEA President Koguchi,
NNL Howarth CEO

1）

2）

3）

4）

1）
：
https://www.cas.go.jp/jp/seisaku/gx_jikkou_kaigi/dai5/index.html(in Japanese)：2）

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22042202/ (in Japanese)：3）

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22090502/ (in Japanese)

INTERVIEW

The future strength of fast-reactor materials can now be estimatedSince joining JAEA, I have engaged in developing a method that evaluates the strength ofmaterials used in key components of next-generation fast reactors, such as reactor vessels andpiping for circulating sodium coolant. Since they hold hot sodium (approximately 550℃) in normal
operation, it is necessary to demonstrate that the materials exposed to this harsh environment
are sound throughout the plant service life. To achieve this, we started by identifying how highthermal loads are and how long the materials can withstand them. In cooperation with domestic
and international research institutes and manufacturers, and using the lab at the Oarai Researchand Development Institute, we obtained material test data and ﬁnally developed a method thatcan estimate the future strength of the materials in such an environment. The estimation showed
the fast-reactor materials can withstand such loads for 60 years, suggesting a 60-year service life
is feasible. This method was adopted by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (JSME) andadded to its standards for fast-reactor design, achieving my goal while contributing to society.

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced
Reactor Research and Development
Fast Reactor Cycle System Researchand Development Center
Fast Reactor Fundamental Technology
Development Department
Structural Mechanics and Materials
Technology Development GroupONIZAWA Takashi：
4）https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22112201/ (in Japanese)

12Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

13

Basic Information

The HTGR was positioned as a next-generation advanced
reactor at the national GX Executive Committee, and adevelopment plan for a demonstration reactor was formulated
in December 2022. The basic design of a demonstration reactor
for utilizing heat in hydrogen production will start in FY2023.
As R&D is necessary for this demonstration reactor, the HTTR
Heat Application Test Project, which uses the heat of HTTR toproduce hydrogen, started in FY2022. There are currently nocases anywhere in the world of heat extracted from a nuclear
reactor being used directly in a chemical plant, so hydrogenproduction via HTTR is expected to be a world ʼs ﬁrst.
In addition, the UK has designated the HTGR as anadvanced reactor to be developed, and started the HTGR
Demonstration Reactor Project in September 2022. JAEA andthe UK ʼs National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL) applied for a public
offering of the UK Demonstration Reactor Project and it was
selected. In addition, JAEA signed a consignment contract with
the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) in Poland, andstarted cooperation on the basic design of an HTGR research
reactor for steam supply from November 2022.

Foundation for Operation◆ Full-scale start of HTGR demonstration reactor
development in Japan and overseas

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Creating Innovation through the Promotion ofDiverse R&D on Nuclear Science and Technology(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 32,935 million yen (operations expenses 31,821 million yen and entrusted
expenses 960 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income from government
funding for operational grant (15,829 million yen) and income from subsidies, etc. (9,341 million yen).
The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (5,460 million yen) and otheradministrative costs (1,462 million yen) to this cost, was 39,858 million yen.

◆ Demonstration of an innovative principle for selecting and recovering elements
in high-level radioactive liquid waste using light

Outcome of Operation

The Sector of Nuclear Science Research of JAEA aims to lead science and technology in the utilization of atomic energy and radiation,and to provide fundamental support to atomic energy development. The Nuclear Science and Engineering Center (NSEC) is dedicatedto making scientiﬁc contributions to various societal needs and creating new uses for nuclear energy. The Advanced Science ResearchCenter (ASRC) looks to discover new principles and phenomena, create new materials, devise innovative technologies, and conduct
world-leading nuclear science research with strong academic and technological impact. The Materials Science Research Center (MSRC)
focuses on developing new materials and functional analysis tools for advanced structural and functional analysis. The J-PARC Center,by using a variety of secondary particles produced by the worldʼs most intense pulsed proton beam, is engaged in the development ofworld-leading research in a wide range of ﬁelds, from basic science to industrial applications.

To reduce the burden on geological repositories of radioactive
waste, it is important to separate radioisotopes, which continue
to generate heat over the long term, from radioactive waste.
In this study, we succeeded in demonstrating the principle of a
new extraction separation technology for americium containedin high-level radioactive liquid waste using a photo-induced
reaction by laser. In this method, an element (americium) is
selected by two-step visible light absorption, and oxidized.
It is demonstrated that the oxidized americium and unreacted
elements can be separated by adding extractant and organic
solvent. Furthermore, the mechanism of the oxidation reaction
here was elucidated by synchrotron radiation analysis.
Outcome
It is expected for this principle to contribute to simplifying thechemical separation process for radioactive waste disposal, andreducing radioactive waste.

Major achievements 2022

Conceptual drawing of the laser-assisted separation of elements◆ Development of a system for evaluation of the dose by carbon-ion radiotherapy (RT-PHITS for CIRT)
Radiation distribution is reconstructed realisticallywith patientʼs CT and treatment plan data

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22052003/(in Japanese)

Radiation distribution in the beam device geometry
High

Low

PHITS (Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System) code:
A code that can simulate the behavior of various kinds of radiation(protons, neutrons, heavy ions, electrons, photons, etc.).

Multi-leaf
collimator

Carbon-ion
beam

OutcomeThe system will be applied to re-evaluating the effect of carbonion radiotherapy at the National Institutes for Quantum Scienceand Technology (QST), which has the most carbon-ion radiotherapy
cases in the world. The application of the system is expected to help
development of a new radiotherapy with less risk of secondary cancer.

Range shifter

Four-leaf
collimator

Patient
collimator

Patient

Reconstructed beam-irradiation geometry (CIRT)◆ Visualization of Water Production and Discharge Behavior in Automotive Fuel Cells with Pulsed Neutron Beam
Neutron imaging is the only technique that allows direct
observation of the behavior of water produced inside apractical fuel cell. Using a newly developed neutron camera, thewater distribution during the operation was directly observedin real time to understand the water behavior using the fuelcells of Toyota Motor Corporationsʼ fuel-cell electric vehicle “thesecond-generation MIRAI”. As a result, distribution of the waterproduced during power generation was successfully observedwith a spatial resolution less than 0.5 mm. This method enables
us to understand the behavior of produced water, especially
blockage of gas channels or water discharging procedure,
which affects the performance of the practical fuel cell and canbe immediately reﬂected in product development.

Coolant
heavy water(D2O-OUT)

Coolant
heavy water(D2O-IN)
Observation area

Foundation for Operation

Radiotherapy, the treatment of tumors by radiation, hasa potential risk of developing cancer in normal tissues
surrounding the tumor (secondary cancer). To obtain a better
understanding of the mechanism of secondary cancer incarbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT), we have developed a systemthat can accurately evaluate dose distribution throughout thepatientʼs body using the PHITS code.

OutcomeAcceleration of the development of optimal fuel cells and ﬂowchannel structures, leading to improved performance and lower fuelcell cost. This is expected to contribute to greater utilization of fuel-cellvehicles that use hydrogen, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions intransportation and other sectors, and the realization of carbon neutrality.

Dose evaluation system for CIRT

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22082501/(in Japanese)

14

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

I=600A (2.2A/cm2)

http://j-parc.jp/c/press-release/2022/07/12000975.html(in Japanese)

Water thickness[mm]Photograph of the neutron imaging setup of the practical fuel cell used for thesecond-generation MIRAI of Toyota Motor Corporations (Upper)
Distribution of water thickness inside the fuel cell during the power generation
obtained by pulsed neutron radiography (Lower)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)15

Basic Information

ex. Dose distribution for prostate irradiation

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation◆ Initiatives for Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration

With the decommissioning of “Monju”, the government aims to
install a new research reactor to establish a center of excellence
that will support nuclear research and human resource
development utilizing the “Monju” site.
JAEA has been entrusted by the Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) with thesurvey for this purpose, and performed the conceptual studies
for the reactor core, facilities and layout, geological surveys ofcandidate sites, and mudslide risk assessment in FY2022, andreported the results to the consortium committee comprising
the stakeholders and relevant parties. Furthermore, based on
the previous studies, JAEA was selected by MEXT in December
2022 as the implementing body for the new research reactor,
to proceed with the detailed design phase of the reactor.
JAEA will continue promoting the project with the cooperationof Kyoto University and the University of Fukui.

JAEA has been focusing on creating innovation and giving backits R&D results to society. In FY2022, 134 new joint research
projects, 299 contract research projects with various bodies
such as government, universities, and private companies, and724 facility joint-use programs were conducted.
Since 2018, the “JAEA Technology Salon” has been heldto accelerate R&D activities and application of its results via
interdisciplinary and cross-industry collaboration. In FY2022, we
hosted a hybrid meeting with a combination of online and faceto-face attendees, in Tokyo (November) and Nagoya (February).
Additionally, taking opportunities such as New Technology
Presentation Meetings, we introduced our R&D results to the
public. Through these efforts, we received technical consultations
on social implementation and joint research from privatecompanies with which we did not have previous connections.
JAEA also conducted the “R&D Collaboration Frame” topromote the practical implementation of our intellectual property.
One local company in Fukui used that framework to develop a
decommissioning and disaster response robot for acquiring 3D
distribution information on radiation contamination.
Additionally, we prepared and managed the Open Facility
Platform (OFP) to promote the industrial use not only of large
research facilities, but also of other facilities and analytical
instruments. Furthermore, open innovation and science
initiatives were also implemented through initiating andoperating the research data management plan.
Through studies on research and utilization, our consultants
will propose suitable facilities and instruments, as well as
integrated research with researchers from different ﬁelds tointroduce a “Co-Creation Space”.

Completion image of the new research reactor complex

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/nrr/jp/ (in Japanese)

OutcomeContributions to the new research and development ﬁelds of nuclear
energy and human resource development are expected.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Facility of Radiation
Standards

General Analytical
Instruments
Around 20 research
instruments in the
Tokai area can beused. Available
research instruments
will be expanded to
all R&D institutes/
centers in JAEA.

Mutsu

Tandetron facility
Fukushima area

Fukushima
Tsuruga
Harima

Oarai
Tono

Tokai
Naraha Center for
Remote Control
Technology
Development(VR systems)

Harima area

Tsuruga area

Tono area

Oarai area

Large synchrotron
radiation facility
SPring-8

Fukui Smart
Decommissioning
Technology
Demonstration
Base

JAEA-AMS-TONO

Experimental Fast
Reactor “JOYO”[Cited from RIKEN]

JAEAʼs Facilities and Analytical Instruments in Japan, which can be usedindustrially via a single point of contact by OFP* The R&D results (about 120,000), such as academic papers and patents released by
JAEA, can be accessed via the JAEA Originated Papers Searching System (JOPSS).
For more details of industry-academia-government collaboration, please access the
JAEA Innovation Hubʼs website.

JOPSS
https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/search/servlet/

JAEA Innovation Hub
https://tenkai.jaea.go.jp (in Japanese)

TOPICS
Sector of Nuclear Science Research,
Materials Sciences Research Center,
Neutron Materials Research Division,
Hierarchical Structure Research Group,

SEKINE Yurina

JAEAʼs technologies introduced at the JAEA Technology Salon in FY2022
・What can the chronologists provide?
- Collaboration with other ﬁelds and potential applications ・Rapid detection of slight methane seepage over wide areas
・Novel corrosion inhibitor without efﬂuent standards andbiological toxicity
・Decommissioning techniques with damage mitigated to thebase metal
・Promoting the development of remote technology- Introduction of Fuku-Fuku (Fukushima-Fukui) shared-use facilities -7th JAEA Technology Salon:
https://tenkai.jaea.go.jp/salon/20221121/ (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

17

Basic Information

16

Research reactor
JRR-3

interSearch?language=1

Development of Environmental Materials through Microscopic Structural Analysis Research
The use of renewable materials, such as waste, is increasingly required to realize a sustainable society.
Based on the results obtained through structural analysis research using quantum beams
such as neutron beams and X-rays, we have been conducting research and development of new
functional materials utilizing renewable materials such as cellulose nanoﬁbers and food-wastebones. In this effort, we have succeeded in creating new functional materials with unprecedented
high performance by skillfully controlling the micro-scale structure of renewable materials, whichhave issues such as high processing costs and functions. We have developed these results intomaterials that can be applied to the removal of hazardous materials and the recovery of valuable
materials, leading to highly applicable and original research results.
In recognition of these research achievements and activities, I received the Chemical Societyof Japan Award for Outstanding Young Women Chemists. I am determined to realize innovativeand internationally competitive materials and technologies while keeping in mind the sustainability
society needs in the future.

Mutsu area

Foundation for Operation

INTERVIEW

Tokai area

Outcome of Operation◆ Selected as the implementation body for a new research reactor to be installed at the “Monju” siteContrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Function Enhancement of a Platform for R&D and
Human Resource Development in Japan(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 3,628 million yen (operations expenses 3,402 million yen and entrusted expenses
218 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income from government funding for
operational grant (2,720 million yen) and income from subsidies, etc. (328 million yen). The administrative
cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (20 million yen) and other administrative costs (22 million yen)
to this cost, was 3,670 million yen.
JAEA promotes nuclear human resource development, nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security, international cooperation andcollaboration to support the promotion of R＆D and utilization of nuclear energy.

◆ Nuclear Human Resource Development
At JAEA, the Nuclear Human Resource Development Center (NuHRDeC) plays a central role in training researchers and engineers
in a wide range of ﬁelds in nuclear energy. To achieve this objective effectively and efﬁciently, NuHRDeC and related divisions within
JAEA have been cooperating to enhance platform functions since FY2022.
Overview of JAEAʼs Human Resource Development
Nuclear Human Resource
Development Center

University
Technical College

HRD Activities inSpecific Divisions

Training in specific area
(Decommissioning, robots, etc.)

Cooperation with Universities & Technical Colleges(Acceptance of students and dispatch of lecturers)

Domestic Training(Training engineers andnational qualifications)

Foreigners
mainly from Asia
Practitioners
Students

Integrated Support Center for Nuclear
Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security

The 2022 International Forum on Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy, Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security was held focusing
on the Ukraine crisis. Foreign and domestic experts discussed the challenges and future direction of nuclear nonproliferation andnuclear security caused by Russiaʼs invasion of Ukraine and deepened their understanding. ISCN has also been investigating theimpact of the Ukraine crisis on nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security, summarizing those results and disseminating information
widely via its monthly ISCN Newsletter and academic publications.
As part of nuclear measurement and detection technology developments, an experiment using resonance transmission ofneutrons generated by laser shots was conducted in a collaboration with Osaka University, Japan. Sample materials were successfully
identiﬁed and the achievement was covered by the media. A stacked scintillation neutron detector was newly developed and applied
domestic and international patents.
As part of capacity building support activities, we have developed a new Mock Complementary Access material in cooperation
with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). This material is used both domestically and internationally as an international
standard training material. In addition, we have conducted training programs for regulatory authorities and other relevant agencies
and facility operators in Japan and other Asian countries. As an IAEA Collaborating Centre for nuclear security, we also contribute to
the IAEAʼs support of member states by providing training and other activities.

Training in specific area
(Nanotechnology seminars, etc.)

Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology Development

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced
Reactor Research and Development

Training in specific area
(MOX technical training, etc.)

Training on Na handlingtechniques, etc.

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration

Sector of Nuclear Safety Researchand Emergency Preparedness

Training in specific area
(Decommissioning, etc.)

Safety Research and HRD forRegulatory human resource

Foundation for Operation

International Training(Instructor Training)

Collaboration with academia, promoting understanding of nuclear nonproliferation and nuclear security throughinternational cooperation, advancing technology, and strengthening capacity building support

Sector of Nuclear Science
Research

Nuclear Human Resource Development Network(Nuclear human resource development byindustry-academia-government)

Practitioners fromindustry, government, etc.

Sector of Fukushima Researchand Development

JAEAʼs Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security (ISCN) has been actively working, utilizing
JAEAʼs technologies and knowledge, toward further strengthening and improving nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security andsupporting denuclearization for the purpose of realizing a world without nuclear weapons and nuclear terrorism.

International Forum 2022

Nuclear nonproliferation, safeguards,
nuclear security training, etc.

Nuclear Emergency Assistance andTraining Center
Nuclear emergency preparedness training

A Mock Complementary Access material combining video and virtual tours

target for target forion
neutron nuclear reactions neutron detector
generation generation for neutron production
sampleneutronlaser
plasmaJapan Atomic Energy Agency

neutron flux

To coordinate human resource development activities in JAEA, we established a new contact point to receive inquiries andconsultations from inside and outside JAEA and started “Human Resource Development Concierge Activities”. A system (liaison
network) to promptly respond to inquiries has been established centering on the Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training
Center (NEAT), the Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security (ISCN) and NuHRDeC. We share
information and exchange opinions on initiatives carried out at each center.
Also, to disseminate the results of these activities within JAEA, we held a “Report Meeting on Domestic and International Human
Resource Development in JAEA”.

accelerated ions

In・Ta・Ag

Basic Information

Concierge for Human Resource Development

18

Outcome of Operation

Major achievements 2022

◆ Strengthening Nuclear Non-proliferation and Nuclear Security

In
Ta

Ag

neutron energy
The principle of the laser-driven neutron source

Integrated Support Center for Nuclear
Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/iscn/index_en.html

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

19

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Promoting R&D Contributing to the Responseto the Accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station◆ International Collaboration
For the advancement of nuclear R&D, collaborations with nuclear-related organizations in overseas and international organizations
are indispensable. These efforts include international joint researches conducive to maximizing R&D outcome, expansion of human
networks through international contributions such as support for human resource development in emerging nuclear countries, andincreasing JAEAʼs presence through worldwide dissemination of its R&D outcome.

Objectives

Fields of Collaboration with Foreign Countries and Major Progress in FY2022

PolandNuclear Safety

HTGR, and Material Testing Reactor
The R&D Cooperation Arrangement with the Polish National Centre for
Nuclear Research was modiﬁed, and cooperation on the basic design of
the Polish HTGR research reactor was started in November 2022.

European Commission (EC)
Nuclear Non-Proliferation/
Nuclear Security

R&D on the Disposalof High-Level
Radioactive Waste

With the Sector of Fukushima Research and Development at its center, we have established research bases in Fukushima and are
conducting research and development related to the decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (FDNPS)
and the environmental restoration of Fukushima in accordance with the Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap towards the Decommissioning
and the Basic Guidelines for the Reconstruction and Revitalization of Fukushima. By applying new knowledge and results to thedecommissioning of JAEA facilities, we aim to bring our ﬁndings into circulation.
December
2011

Nuclear Non-Proliferation/
Nuclear Security, and Nuclear
Spallation, etc.

SwedenUnited States

China

R&D on Advanced Reactor, R&D on Nuclear
Fuel Cycle and Radioactive Waste Management,
Nuclear Non-Proliferation/Nuclear Security, andNuclear Science
The Project Arrangement for cooperation on
advanced material, fuel and core for Sodiumcooled Fast Reactor was modiﬁed in May 2022.

United Kingdom
Decommissioning, Radioactive Waste
Management, and High-Temperature
Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR)
The team in which JAEA and the UK
National Nuclear Laboratory (NNL)
participate was selected to conduct a
Preliminary-FEED (Front End Engineeringand Design) study for the demonstrationof HTGR in the U.K. in September 2022.

Nuclear R&D, Nuclear NonProliferation/Nuclear Security, andRadioactive Waste Management

Kazakhstan
Fast Reactor Safety, HTGR,
and Nuclear Non-Proliferation/
Nuclear Security

Emerging Nuclear Countries in Asia, the Middle East, etc.

Overall processof FDNPS
decommissioning*1

Phase 1
Period until the start ofspent fuel removal

R&D fordecommissioningat JAEA

R&D for fuel debris retrieval

Switzerland

The Generation IV International Forum (GIF)
Participation in R&D projects on Generation IV
reactor systems

Guidelines for
Reconstruction
and Revitalizationof Fukushima

Organisation for Economic Co-operation
and Development/Nuclear Energy Agency(OECD/NEA)
Advanced Reactor, Nuclear Safety, Nuclear
Science, Decommissioning, Radioactive Waste
Management, Human Resource Development
An international joint research project for geologicaldisposal research via utilization of the undergroundresearch laboratory at Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center started in February 2023.

Phase 1

Phase 2Phase 3
Review the system based on
the opinions of the governmentand relevant institutions

R&D for environmental monitoring and mapping
R&D for environmental dynamics
R&D for Development of advanced decontamination and volume reduction technologies

integrated

April 2019

April 2022

March 2025

Major achievements 2022

Preparatory Commission for
the Comprehensive NuclearTest-Ban Treaty Organization(CTBTO)International Science andTechnology Center (ISTC）
Participation in cooperative
research projects

Contribution to the international
monitoring system to detect
nuclear test explosions

The 4th France-Japan Workshop on Nuclear R&D Cooperation Achievements and Future Developments - (in October 2022)

Key ﬁgures in the nuclear
communities of the U.S. and Japan(government and industry) gatheredand discussed the themes on
the U.S.-Japan partnership in the
deployment of advanced reactors
and safety research, and the role ofnational laboratories, etc.

The analysis and research facility (Laboratory-1), which had
been under construction on FDNPS premises, was completed
in June 2022, as planned, and the radiation controlled area was
set up in October. Subsequently, preparations were made foranalysis using radioactive materials, and third-party analysisof ALPS-treated water*2 began in March 2023. In addition,
work is underway to develop a rapid analysis method for solidradioactive waste. Analysis involves a process of pretreatment,
measurement and evaluation.

pretreatment*2 ALPS-treated water is water that has been purified by an Advanced Liquid
Processing System (ALPS) to below regulatory limits for radioactive substances
other than tritium

Outcome
It is expected to make a contribution to FDNPS decommissioning,
through research and development of analytical technology forradioactive waste, and analysis of ALPS-treated water, which isanalyzed objectively and highly transparently.

measurement

Analysis ﬂow

Basic Information

Due to the impact of COVID-19,
the workshop was held for the ﬁrst
time in nearly three years. There
were lively discussions on advanced
reactor and safety research,
reﬂecting recent developments inboth countries.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Fukushima Prefectural Centre forEnvironmental Creation, Medium-termand Long-term Action Policies

Cancellation of evacuation orders(excluding difﬁcult-to-return zones)◆ Analysis of ALPS-treated water as third-party

Key figures representing the nuclear communities in the U.S. and France participated in the events organized by
JAEA overseas offices

20

Analysis of radioactive waste and third-party analysis of ALPS-treated water

April 2015

Australia

Advanced Reactor, Nuclear Safety,
Safeguards and Nuclear Security,
Decommissioning and Radioactive
Waste Management, etc.

Analysis of fuel debris at hot lab

R&D for radioactive waste management*1 Based on “An important story on decommissioning 2022” (presented by METI)

Fast Reactor, Nuclear Safety and Radiation
Protection, Nuclear Science, Decommissioning,and Issues related to the Fukushima Daiichi
NPS Accident, etc.

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)

Phase 3
Period until completion of
decommissioning

Phase 2
Period until the start of fuel debris retrieval

Research Reactor Utilization,
and Neutron Science

France4th Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Development of R&D infrastructures

R&D forenvironmental
restoration
at JAEA

Support for Human Resource Development
in Nuclear Safety and Nuclear Security

March 2023
(Present)

Foundation for Operation

R&D on the Disposalof High-Level
Radioactive Waste

Republic of Korea

November
2013

Outcome of Operation

Finland(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 18,540 million yen (operations expenses 17,545 million yen and entrusted
expenses 913 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income from government
funding for operational grant (10,172 million yen) and income from subsidies, etc. (4,980 million yen).
The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss (28 million yen) and other administrative
costs (5,889 million yen) to this cost, was 24,469 million yen.

evaluation

https://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/okuma/alps/index_e.html

The 6th Symposium on US-Japan Nuclear Energy Research andDevelopment Cooperation (in February 2023)
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

21

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Steadily Implementing Technology Development
for the Treatment and Disposal of High-Level
Radioactive Waste(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 9,562 million yen (operations expenses 7,686 million yen and entrusted
expenses 1,861 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (7,327 million yen) and income from research consigned fromthe government (1,748 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss
(17 million yen) and other administrative costs (217 million yen) to this cost, was 9,804 million yen.

◆ Establishment of radiation exposure dose
assessment method

Based on the “Strategic Energy Plan” and the “Basic Policy Based on the Final Disposal Act,” JAEA is conducting research and developmenton the treatment (volume reduction and toxicity reduction) and disposal (geological disposal) of high-level radioactive waste.
Based on various nuclear utilization scenarios, we are conducting research and development for the partitioning and recovery of minor
actinides*1 and transmutation of them using an accelerator-driven system (ADS) to reduce the volume and hazard of high-level radioactive
waste. Furthermore, JAEA is conducting basic research and development of geological disposal technology for high-level radioactive waste.
*1 Minor actinides are a group of radioactive isotopes such as americium and curium that are highly radiotoxic and have extremely long half-lives.

Milestones for R&D on geological disposal of HLWMarch 2023 (Present)
1980

1990

2000

2010

2020
2030
4th Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Fundamental research and development (R&D)

JAEAʼs R&D
Simulator of External Exposure Dose (SEED)First Progress Report“Technical feasibility”（1992）

Outcome
It is expected that scientiﬁc knowledge will be acquired from lifting of
evacuation orders of speciﬁc reconstruction areas and application ofradiation exposure dose assessment to other technologies that might
support reconstruction from the FDNPS accident.

https://clads.jaea.go.jp/jp/information/page/news_20220801.html (in Japanese)

Second Progress Report“Technical reliability”（1999）

Establishment of
NUMO(October 2000)

Major achievements 2022

Visualization of contamination distribution at the decommissioning site on a 3D map◆ NMB4.0, an integrated nuclear fuel-cycle simulator thatcan be utilized for ADS and fast reactors, is released
The integrated nuclear fuel-cycle simulator (Nuclear Material Balance,
NMB4.0), a software program to calculate the amount of spent fuel,waste and so on generated by the future use of nuclear energy, hasbeen developed jointly with Tokyo Institute of Technology.
NMB4.0 can handle not only existing technologies, such as
light water reactors, but also future technologies such as ADS andfast reactors. This capability should lead to the development oftechnologies such as partitioning and transmutation, presenting
a vision to society of nuclear energy utilization in next-generation
reactor systems.

Publication of “Nationwide
Map of Scientific Featuresfor Geological Disposal”
by Government (July 2017)

Front-end

Nuclear-reactor operation

Back-end

Fuel fabrication

Light water Fast breeder Acceleratorreactor
reactordriven system

Spent-fuel storage

Enrichment

MiningOutcomeBy quantifying the impact of the introduction of new nuclear technologies,
NMB4.0 is expected to aid the study of future scenarios for nuclear energy.

Initiation of
Literature Survey
by NUMO(November 2020)

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mSSS
CS
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illm
Fuel Cycle Simulator

Migration

Geologicaldisposal

Waste storage

Reprocessing

Solidification

Nuclear fuel cycle handled by NMB4.0

https://nmb-code.jp/english

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

23

Basic Information

Advanced Radiation Measurement
Research Group
Remote System and Sensing
Technology Division
Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning Science(CLADS)
Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment

SATO Yuki

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Continuation of fundamental
R&D in “Horonobe
Underground Research Planfor the Financial Year 2020
Onwards” etc.

Foundation for Operation“Specified Radioactive
Waste Final Disposal Act”
（ June 2000）

INTERVIEW

22

Synthesis of R&D outcome
during 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period

Publication of Synthesis Report
on R&D concerning Important
Issues in UndergroundResearch Laboratory Project(March 2020)

Implementation(Implementing
Organization: NUMO)
AEC “Radioactive Waste
Processing and Disposal
Measures (Interim Report)”（1984）In the decommissioning work environment at FDNPS, technology to visualize invisible
radioactive contamination is required to reduce the exposure of workers and formulate work
plans. Based on this background, I devised an integrated radiation imaging system (iRIS),
which visualizes the distribution of radioactive contamination in the work environment in three
dimensions. This is a system for remotely grasping the distribution of radioactive contamination
by integrating multiple devices and visualization technologies, such as environment recognition
devices, robots, and cross-reality technology, into a gamma-ray imager, which is a device thatvisualizes radioactive contamination.
Currently, we are continuing the veriﬁcation test at FDNPS, and have obtained the results ofthree-dimensional visualization of the locations of high-concentration contaminated areas inside
the 1F building. By integrating technologies from different ﬁelds and advancing various elemental
technologies, we aim to improve system performance and develop technologies that can beapplied not only to FDNPS, but also to the global radiation environment.

Outcome of Operation

We are developing a method for estimating the distribution of
air radiation dose rates with high precision in difﬁcult-to-returnzones due to the FDNPS accident. This model is a system built
by combining an exposure assessment model basedon air radiation dose rates and lifestyle behavior patterns.
The exposure dose assessment results provide usefulknowledge in considering the lifting of evacuation orders.
The results of exposure dose assessment and monitoringby unmanned helicopters were used as important information
when discussing the lifting of evacuation orders of speciﬁcreconstruction areas by decontamination veriﬁcation committees
at Namie and Tomioka, which are located near FDNPS.
The radiation exposure dose assessment method has been
introduced by enhancing its usability as a risk communication
tool, optimizing it as a municipal website and a digital billboard(digital signage) to be installed in municipalities, and providing
it to municipalities that wish to use it (website: one municipality;
installation of digital billboard: three municipalities).

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Steadily Implementing Sustainable Backend
Measures Prioritizing Safety◆ Development of novel, simple hydraulic testing
method*2 A packer is an inflatable rubber element that is used to block off a section of aborehole for hydraulic testing. A packer system includes a device to inflate thepackers and a rod to install the system into a borehole

OutcomeGroundpressure

Borehole

High-pressure water injection
PackerSlip

Fracture

Lateral displacementof the fracture

ter

a
in w
ase ssureer
Inc preRock formation↑ Cross-section↓ Birdʼs-eye view

In situ testing for understanding occurring process

Pore connectivity and waterﬂow increase?

Rockformation

With utmost priority given to safety assurance, JAEA is working on the decommissioning of the Tokai Reprocessing Plant, “Fugen”
and “Monju”, etc., based on the decommissioning plan.
At the Tokai Reprocessing Plant, plans are underway to upgrade to an advanced melter with the aim of early completion of
vitriﬁcation to reduce the risk of highly radioactive liquid waste. In addition, we are steadily proceeding with decommissioning after
taking measures to improve the safety of facilities against earthquakes and tsunami. We are now steadily moving forward with thedecommissioning; dismantling of the reactor peripheral facilities has progressed at Fugen while the fuel unloading operation was
successfully completed on schedule at Monju, and the plant has advanced to the second phase of decommissioning the period of
preparation for dismantling from FY2023.

Future Development of Tokai Reprocessing Plant Based on Decommissioning Plan

Pore spaces
within a fracture

2018

Limited pore connectivity and very low
water ﬂow through the fracture
Before displacement of fracture

March 2023
(Present)

20ｙ

30ｙ

Phase 2Phase 1Treatment of highly radioactive Decommissioning of major
liquid waste
facilities

Pore connectivity and waterﬂow remain unchanged?

Vitriﬁcation, etc.

After displacement of fracture
Schematic illustration of this study

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/horonobe/press/r4/
press_1026.html (in Japanese)

10ｙ・Flush-out
removal of spent fuelshear powder
completed

40ｙ

50ｙ

60ｙ

70ｙ

Phase 3
Decommissioning of waste treatment and waste storage facilities

Decommissioning of TVF

Decommissioning of major facilities
・Main Plant
・Uranium Denitration Facility
・Plutonium Conversion Development Facility
・Krypton Recovery Development Facility
Facility
construction

Treatment of low-level radioactive waste (Incineration/Cementation)
Decommissioning of treatment facilities for low-level radioactive waste

4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period

INTERVIEW

Aiming to globally contribute to geological disposal of radioactive waste basedaround Japanʼs only underground research laboratory

24

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Decommissioning Schedule of Fugen

Decommissioning Schedule of Monju

March 2023 (Present)
2nd Mid-Term(FY)

3rd Mid-Term

March 2023 (Present)

4th Mid-Term

20072017 〜 2029

Decontamination of heavy
water/helium systems, etc.

Dismantling of reactor
peripheral facilities

3rd Mid-Term

5th Mid-Term

2030 〜 2038
Dismantling ofreactor2039 〜 2040

Programs

Discharge & transfer ofheavy water/tritium removal
Dismantling of reactor
peripheral facilities

Disposal Engineering Technology Group
Horonobe Underground Research
Department
Horonobe Underground Research Center
Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology Development

OHNO Hirokazu(FY)

Dismantling ofreactor building

・ Discharge & transfer ofwater completed(FY2014)・ Tritium removal completed (FY2017)
・ Dismantling of main components in turbine
building (incl. condensers, excl. turbine
generator)

Spent fuel transfer

Dismantlingof reactor

5th - 7th Mid-Term2018 〜 2022

2023 〜 2031

Fuel unloading

Preparation for dismantling

DecommissioningⅠ

2032 〜 2047

Preparation for dismantlingof sodium components

Dismantling andremoval of sodium
components

DecommissioningⅡ

Fuel unloading

Dismantling and removal of power
generators in water-steam systems

Dismantlingof reactor
building
2026

4th Mid-Term

Dismantling andremoval ofreactor building

4th Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Basic Information

The full-scale engineered barrier system (EBS) performance experiment began in 2015 at the
350 m gallery of the Horonobe URL. In this experiment, a full-scale engineered barrier with asimulated overpack was placed in a pit and a range of sensors were deployed in and around theexperimental setup. The experimental gallery was then backﬁlled, and a variety of indicators, suchas temperature, water content, stress, and water chemistry in and around the engineered barrier,and the backﬁll materials have been monitored to date by the sensors. The measured data is used
to understand the coupled processes, leading to advancements in simulation methodology.
The Horonobe Underground Research Center launched the Horonobe International
Project (HIP) in 2023 with administrative support from the OECD/NEA. In this project, issues ofinternational interest, such as the dismantling of the entire experimental setup for the full-scale
EBS performance experiment, will be tackled through multilateral collaboration with researchers
from different foreign organizations. I would like to take this opportunity to expand my global
perspective and aim to become a globally leading researcher.

* Decommissioning is completed when the controlled area of all facilities is lifted.

Foundation for Operation

Combining the test method developed in this study and theinvestigation of groundwater ﬂow-accessible pore size within afracture could allow the containment performance of a rock formation
to be estimated, taking into account the potential lateral fracture
displacement owing to future crustal movement. The results of thisstudy are expected to be used not only to estimate the long-term
containment performance of the host rock in the geological disposal
context, but also to evaluate the sealing performance of reservoirs forcarbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS).

High-pressure water injection causes the
temporary opening of a fracture and theassociated displacement of the fracture.

Outcome of Operation

It is important to understand the size and connectivity of porespaces accessible to groundwater ﬂow within a fracture forrepository safety assessment.
In this study, a novel, simple in-situ testing method wasdeveloped to investigate the changes in pore connectivity
within a fracture when fracture displacement occurs. Thismethod simply utilizes a conventional packer system*2 in aborehole. Fractures with low pore connectivity have been
investigated in-situ by applying this method at the Horonobe
Underground Research Laboratory (URL). The results of the test
demonstrate pore connectivity remained stable, suggestingno signiﬁcant changes in rock permeability, even if lateraldisplacement of the fracture occurs.

(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 60,942 million yen (operations expenses 59,876 million yen and entrusted
expenses 379 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income from government
funding for an operational grant (42,648 million yen) and income from contributions for treatment anddisposal of waste (4,926 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss
(21,154 million yen) and other administrative costs (2,352 million yen) to this cost, was 84,459 million yen.

★ Conclusion of spent fuel transfer preparation contract

4th Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

25

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation◆ Toward dismantling the reactor of Fugen

Major achievements 2022
◆ Development of the Advanced Melter for Vitrification of High-level Radioactive Liquid Waste (HLLW)HLLW feed line

Off-gas line

Start-up heater

Glass feed line

Alumina-zircon
refractory

Glass-levelsensing probe

Outer shell
Alumina-zircon
refractory
Auxiliary electrodes

Mainelectrodes

OutcomeBottom electrode
Bottom drain nozzle

Enhancement of vitriﬁcation technology is expected to reduce therisk due to HLLW storage in TRP and to aid progress of the nuclear
fuel cycle.

Steam
drums

Recirculation
pumps

Recirculation
pumps

Outcome of Operation

The project to replace the existing second melter with anadvanced third melter is in progress to restart vitriﬁcationof HLLW at the Tokai Vitriﬁcation Facility (TVF) at the Tokai
Reprocessing Plant (TRP) at end-FY2024. We have improved theadvanced melterʼs performance, such as its ability to discharge
noble metal compounds derived from HLLW, by changing thebottom shape from a four-sided pyramid to a cone.
The completed advanced melter is undergoing operation
tests using simulated HLLW in the cold mock-up test facility
to acquire safe and stable operational parameters, and willsubsequently be installed in TVF.

At Fugen, as part of the preparations for the dismantling of thereactor vessel, we started the dismantling and removal of twoloops of the reactor cooling systems, peripheral facilities of
the reactor vessel, in FY2019. By the end of September 2022,
the dismantling and removal of approximately 1,000 tons ofequipment, excluding large equipment such as steam drums
and recirculation pumps, were completed.
Furthermore, to improve the safety and efﬁciency of theremote underwater dismantling technology using laser cutting,experiments were conducted using a full-scale water pool toacquire data on the migration of generated particulates during
cutting, both in the air and underwater. Correlations between
the range of visibility and turbidity in the water were conﬁrmed
as well.
Moving forward, we will continue the dismantling andremoval of large equipment in the reactor peripheral facilities,
and also advance the development of remote dismantling
devices for the reactor vessel.

Scope of dismantling and removal of large equipment

Outcome
The achievements in facility dismantling and the development of
the remote underwater laser-cutting system are expected to be
applied to the development of decommissioning technologies forlight water reactors.

Dismantle and remove
control rod guide tubes

Removal of control rod
drive unit support plug

Dismantling and removal of reactor peripheral facilities◆ The completion of fuel unloading at Monju

OutcomeThe knowledge and achievements gained from the fuel unloading
operations are expected to be reﬂected in the design, fabrication,
operation, and maintenance of fuel handling facilities in future fastreactor development.

26

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Fuel handlingmachineIn-vessel fueltransfer machine

Na

①

②

Na

Ex-vessel fueltransfer machin
Spent fuel transfer
machineSpentfuel poolEx-vessel spent
Underwater spent
fuel tank
Spent fuel cleaning fuel storage systemsystemReactor vessel
Fuel assemblies stored
Fuel assemblies(sodium removal)
underwater
stored in sodium

INTERVIEW

Underwatertransfer car①②

Fuel unloading operation：Fuel transfer
Remove fuels from reactor
vessel and transfer to EVST
：Fuel treatment
Remove fuels from EVST,
wash off adhered sodium inspent fuel cleaning system,and transfer to spent fuelpool for storage

Fuel unloading operation

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/monju/fuel_removal/ (in Japanese)

The completion of fuel unloading at Monju
During the fuel-unloading operations, carried out in four campaigns and completed successfully,
some issues were encountered in the ﬁrst campaign, which took place from August 2018 to January
2019. The mechanism responsible for gripping the fuel assemblies experienced issues such as
reduced functionality due to the accumulation of sodium compounds. As a result, operations had
to be interrupted several times.
To address these issues, we implemented various facility improvements, such as adding heaters
to the fuel-cleaning equipment. Further, we repeatedly reﬁned the timing of gripper cleaning to alignwith the regular inspection schedule and made improvements to operating procedures to prevent
such issues. As a result, we saw smooth and stable progress from the second campaign onward.
The insights gained from these experiences are expected to contribute signiﬁcantly to thereliable implementation of the “Unloading operation of neutron shields, etc.” in the second stage ofthe decommissioning plan and to the development of fast reactors. We take pride in being at theforefront of the fuel-unloading operations and will continue to devote ourselves to our endeavors.

Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration
Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju
Decommissioning Project Department
Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management
Section

SHIOHAMA Yasutaka

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

27

Basic Information

At Monju, we began fuel-unloading operations, the primarytask in the ﬁrst stage of the Monju decommissioning, in August
2018. We successfully removed a total of 530 fuel assemblies,
including 370 from the reactor vessel and 160 stored in the exvessel fuel storage tanks in October 2022, following the Monju
decommissioning plan in a safe manner.
During these operations, we implemented measures
based on an analysis of issues we faced and improved ourmanagement methods. This allowed us to conduct theoperations in a stable manner.
The knowledge gained from activities such as operation
control, equipment inspections, handling alarms andmalfunctions, and management methods has been compiled
and documented in a report.
In the second stage of the decommissioning plan, which willcommence in FY2023, we plan to unload remaining structures
such as neutron shields from the reactor vessel. We will
implement this incorporating the lessons learned from the fuelunloading operations

https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/fugen/haishi/activity/ (in Japanese)

Foundation for Operation

A birdʼs-eye view of the advanced melter (Upper)
Glass pouring from drain nozzle in operation test (Lower)

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used
Policies for Operation

Technical Support for Nuclear Safety Regulationand Emergency Preparedness through Safety
Research(Costs required for operations)
The cost of this R&D was 7,595 million yen (operations expenses 3,698 million yen and entrusted
expenses 3,878 million yen). The income recorded as funding for the R&D included income fromgovernment funding for operational grant (3,206 million yen) and income from research consigned fromthe government (3,859 million yen). The administrative cost, calculated by adding extraordinary loss
(8 million yen) and other administrative costs (29 million yen) to this cost, was 7,632 million yen.

*1 Severe accident: A beyond-design-basis accident at a nuclear facility that results in a severe condition such as damage to a reactor core.

Accidents
at Nuclear
Facilities

TMI-2 reactor
accident (1979.3)

Chernobyl accident(1986.4)

1980

1990

JCO criticality
accident (1999.9)

TEPCOʼs Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power
station accident (2011.3)

4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period
March 2023 (Present)

2010

2000

2020

2030

Research andDevelopment at
JAEA

Major fieldsof research
Phenomenological study ofaccidents, Strengthening ofresearch capabilities on
probabilistic risk assessment

Enhancement ofresearch on
environmental
effects of radiation

Concentration ofresearch on SA andemergency preparedness
and response

Utilization of risk information,
Long-term operation,
Emergency preparedness andresponse, Environmental safety

In a nuclear emergency, evacuating inhabitants should be
inspected to conﬁrm no contamination of the human body or
any materials used including vehicles. For vehicles, inspectors
have to measure contamination of tires and around windscreen
wipers. According to current procedure, vehicles must be
stopped one by one for inspection. Thus, trafﬁc congestion andevacuation delays can occur.
To solve this issue, we are developing a method to quickly
inspect vehicles without stopping them by using a portableradiation portal monitor for vehicles. In testing the monitor, we
attached radiation sources that replicate contamination of tires
or around the wipers of a vehicle moving slowly, and measured
counting rates of gamma rays. Based on the results, we derived
an evaluation function that focused on the differences in countrate history from the tires and wipers. Using this method, we
can detect contamination very quickly. We continue to improvemeasurement accuracy with a view to practical use of this method.
Outcome
It is expected the results will be reﬂected in the government manualon contamination inspection and contribute to speedy evacuation of
inhabitants in a nuclear emergency.

Major achievements 2022

Radiation source

Radiation source

Measuring the wiper

Measuring the tire

Outcome of Operation

JAEAʼs Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness conducts research covering the safety of nuclear facilities, notonly light water reactors but also reprocessing and radioactive-waste management facilities, the effects of severe accidents*1 (SA) on
the public and the environment, and emergency preparedness and responses. The results obtained are utilized in developing scientiﬁc,effective regulation and guidance, to investigate causes of accidents and failures, and to assess the safety of nuclear facilities.

◆ Development of quick inspection for evacuation
vehicle contamination in a nuclear emergency

VehiclePortable radiation
portal monitor
Measurement using the portable radiation portal monitor for vehicles

https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAEA-Technology-2022003.pdf (in Japanese)◆ Success of online measurement of rapid transient fission gas release from a high burn-up fuel pellet undersimulated accident conditions

28

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Pressure sensor with highresponse speed andirradiation noise tolerance

Test fuel: doped fuel(a sort of improved fuel)［×10 +5[´
］10 ]

Load
Measured sensor(arb.unit)
Plenumpressure (MPa)1.8

Onlinemeasurement

3

1.2
0.6
0
0.24

Pulse irradiation at the
Nuclear Safety Research
Reactor (NSRR)

INTERVIEW+52

Measuredpressure increase1(associated withgas release)
0
0.3
0.36
TIME (SEC)

Time (s)Real-time measurement of the pressure increase associated with ﬁssion gas releasefrom fuel pellets.
*2 The RIA-simulated test in this research was performed under the research
entrusted by the Nuclear Regulation Authority, Japan.

Predicting degradation of reactors over the long termLong-term operation of existing nuclear power plants (NPPs) is expected to achieve carbon
neutrality by 2050 and offer energy security. We are conducting research and development toreﬁne our methods and improve the reliability of structural integrity assessment of reactor pressure
vessels (RPVs), which are the most important components in NPPs and difﬁcult to replace.
RPVs are required to be intact even after taking into account the aging of the reactor-core regionmaterial, which is caused by neutron irradiation, known as neutron irradiation embrittlement.
Our research looks to elucidate the degradation mechanism of RPV steels irradiated in test
reactors by atomic-level analysis, utilizing the techniques I learned in university, and to investigate
structural integrity assessment using large-scale test pieces that only JAEA can provide. I am also
studying a new prediction model for irradiation embrittlement that combines the large amount of
test data accumulated to date via machine learning.
The results of our research and development have been utilized as the basis for technicalevaluations of codes and standards by Japanese regulatory bodies. We continue our efforts to
produce further results that contribute to ensuring NPP safety.

Sector of Nuclear Safety Researchand Emergency Preparedness
Nuclear Safety Research Center
Materials and Structural Integrity
Research Division
Ageing Management Research Group

TAKAMIZAWA Hisashi

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

29

Basic Information

The achievement of this research has been expected in aninternational research project of OECD/NEA as a key for elucidating
phenomena related to fuel safety during RIA. It is hoped theinformation obtained will lead to further improvements in the reliabilityof safety assessment through a better understanding of fuel behavior
during accidents and the accident progression process.

Foundation for Operation

OutcomeFission gas dynamics (FGD) test chamber

Linear power of test fuelLinear (W/cm)
heat rate (W/CM)

Understanding the kinetics of ﬁssion gas release from a fuelpellet, which could induce fuel rod failure and an event that
leads to public radiation exposure, under accident conditions is
one of the most important bases for reliable safety assessmentof nuclear power plants. Transient ﬁssion gas release behavior
under reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) conditions, however,has not been fully clariﬁed due to difﬁculties in both simulating
accident conditions and measuring the phenomena that occur
in such rapidly deteriorating situations. In our research, wetackled the design and development of a pressure sensor thatcan reduce the noise induced by irradiation, and a test rig forthe purpose of this research in collaboration with the Institutefor Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN), andsucceeded in capturing in real time the rapid pressure increase
associated with ﬁssion gas release from fuel pellets during an
RIA-simulated irradiation test at the Nuclear Safety Research
Reactor (NSRR). This is the ﬁrst successful measurement of
the timing and rate of transient ﬁssion gas release from highburn-up improved fuel with additives for light water reactors
under RIA-simulated conditions. Detailed analysis of the dataacquired is ongoing.*2

Contrasting Work Results with Resources Used

Results of Self-Assessment and Administrative
Cost by Segment in FY2022
Results of Ministerial Evaluation for Past Years

To assist with understanding and evaluation of JAEAʼs operations in FY2022, the operating scheme (revenue source and individual
operations) is shown below.

(1) Self-Assessment and Administrative Cost in FY2022

Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
Government funding for
operational grant(Power usage account,
General account)（131,451）

Subsidy for business
expenses to promote
nuclear security
improvement, etc. （907）
Subsidy for business
expenses to promote
decommissioning（1,320）research, etc.
Subsidy for nuclear
transmutation R&D
expenses（61）

Government funding for
operational grant(Burial disposal account)（2,292）

Revenues from contract, etc.
（3,312）

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Operational Results Report:

Operations (Segments)

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html(in Japanese)

Contributing to carbon neutrality through the development of innovative technologies such as safety improvements（26,967）

Creating innovation through the promotion of diverse R&D on nuclear science and technology（32,568）

Function enhancement of a platform for R&D and human resource development in Japan

（4,525）

Promoting R&D contributing to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station （57,900）

Steadily implementing technology development for the treatment and disposal of high-level radioactive waste

Steadily implementing sustainable backend measures prioritizing safety（8,293）（177,303）

Technical support for nuclear safety regulation and emergency preparedness through safety research（6,978）Other revenues（2,672）

Common facility utilization
revenues, etc.

B

1. Measures to be taken to attain business operation targets placing top priority on safety−1）1) This item includes content realized by implementation of other items and amounts recorded as administrative costs are as recorded for those other items.

2. Contributing to carbon neutrality through the development of innovative technologies such as safety
improvements

A

23,297 million yen

3. Creating innovation through the promotion of diverse R&D on nuclear science and technology

A

39,858 million yen

4. Function enhancement of a platform for R&D and human resource development in Japan

B

3,670 million yen

5. Promoting R&D contributing to the response to the accident at TEPCO's Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station

A

24,469 million yen

6. Steadily implementing technology development for the treatment and disposal of high-level
radioactive waste

A

9,804 million yen

7. Steadily implementing sustainable backend measures prioritizing safetyB

84,459 million yen

8. Technical support for nuclear safety regulation and emergency preparedness through safety researchA

7,632 million yen

9. Matters on improving and enhancing the efficiency of business operations

B−2）

10. Matters on improving the state of financesB−2）

11. Establishment of effective and efficient management system

B−2）2) The administrative costs recorded for this item consist of costs for other items and costs common to the corporation (5,635 million yen).

Total

Foundation for Operation

Budget by fiscal year (¥ million)

Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Subsidy for management
expenses for radioactive
material research facilities,（2,910）etc.

Keeping in mind that the objective of national research and development agencies is achievement of both “maximization of R&D
results” and “appropriate, effective, and efﬁcient operating,” JAEA conducted self-assessment of its performance in FY2022. This rating
was based on the Guidelines for Evaluation of Incorporated Administrative Agencies (decided by the Minister of Internal Affairs andCommunications on September 2, 2014, last revised on March 12, 2019).

Outcome of Operation

Subsidy for expenses tomanage specific largeadvanced research facilities（13,457）

Government organizations and corporations
such as the Nuclear Regulation Authority

Policies for Operation

Premise Information for Proper Assessmentof Operations

198,824 million yen(2) Overall Ratings of Past Fiscal Years by Competent Ministers within the present
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Periods
As 2022 is the ﬁrst year of the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Period, the Overall Ratings have not yet been determined.
Fiscal year

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

Reasons for rating

30

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Basic Information

Rating―Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

31

Financial Information

Condition of Financial Resources(1) Capital Stock(1) Breakdown of Sources of Revenue(¥ million)
Starting balance

Increase in the ﬁscal year

Decrease in the ﬁscal year

Ending balance

Government investment

803,672−−

803,672

Private investment

16,286−2

16,284

Total capital stock

819,9580

2819,956

The capital stock (government investment) at the end of FY2022 was 803,672 million yen, of which the general account accounted for
280,636 million yen and the power usage account for 523,036 million yen.

JAEAʼs main income source is funding from the national treasury, namely, government funding for operational grant of 133,743 million
yen and subsidies of 24,431 million yen. In addition, as self-generated income, JAEA acquired competitive funds of 480 million yen bymaking proactive applications and obtained external funds of 8,507 million yen from government-related organizations for entrusted
research and other research activities.

Outcome of Operation

Items

Policies for Operation

Condition of Net Assets(2) Explanation of Self-Generated Income
JAEA worked to secure self-generated income by identifying research needs at external organizations, then concluding incomegenerating joint research contracts and making proactive applications to competitive research funds.
JAEAʼs main self-generated income is:· Income from entrusted research (8,507 million yen)
· Competitive research funding (480 million yen)
· Income from joint research (164 million yen)
· Income from external use of facilities (304 million yen)

(2) Appropriated Retained Earnings, etc.

Foundation for Operation

In the burial disposal business account, a gross proﬁt of 1,680 million yen was generated for the ﬁscal year. In accordance with Article
21, paragraph (4), of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Act, this must be appropriated as a fund for burial disposal and related
operations in the next and subsequent ﬁscal years and need not be reported as appropriated retained earnings.
The reversal of reserves carried forward from the previous Medium-/Long-term Objective period represents the reversal of 1,686
million yen in the General account and 517 million yen in the Power Supply Utilization account, which correspond to the accounting
proﬁts recorded prior to the 3rd Medium-/Long-term Objective period and which were carried over to the 4th Medium-/Long-term
Objective period in the amount of 9,596 million yen in the General account and 12,174 million yen in the Power Supply Utilizationaccount after obtaining approval from the Competent Minister.

Basic Information

32

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

33

Financial Information

Summary of Financial Statements

Comparison of Budget and Settlement
Item

Policies for Operation

Summary of Budget and Financial Results(¥ million)
Budget amount

Balance Sheet

Balance sheet: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

Item

Settlement amountFY2022Current assets

Incomings

FY2021

227,060

Item

225,148(¥ million)
FY2022Current liabilities

75,99957,205

Cash and deposits

98,535

139,246

7,817−

32,78424,431

Securities

68,58830,608Reserves

16,776

13,281−

2,904

Nuclear material

5,899

5,907

Others51,40543,924

Income from entrustment, etc.

3,312

9,152

Others54,03949,387

Other income

2,672

3,386

349,862

336,460

Fixed assets

606,182585,704

Assets offsetting liabilities

137,494

134,572

145,118

145,277

164,570

317,628

318,893

133,743

Government subsidies
Other subsidies

Amount carried over from previous ﬁscal year
Total
Outgoings
General and administrative expenses

Fixed liabilities
Tangible ﬁxed assets

455,035

450,897

Reserves

180,391

Buildings

100,272

82,952Others31,97737,319Machines and equipment

37,446

31,455425,860

393,665

57,00057,178819,956

819,958

Construction in progress

177,978

198,186

Government investment

803,672

803,672

Others82,33881,127

Private investment

16,284

16,286

2,967

2,688

4,500

Business expenses

155,508

137,705

Expenses related to government subsidies

32,78424,027−

2,879

Patent rights

3,309

14,405

OthersExpenses related to entrustment, etc.
Amount carried over to next ﬁscal year
Total

120,641

134,889

317,628

318,405

Total liabilities

Land

5,386

Expenses related to other subsidies(*1)

Intangible ﬁxed assets

Investments and other assets

71

62

2,896

2,626

148,180132,118

Capital stock-469,078-461,024

Capital surplus

108,241

105,709

Cumulative total of otheradministrative costs-577,319-566,733

Capital surplus

Retained earnings

For details, please see JAEAʼs ﬁnancial statements.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

Total assets

833,242

810,852(¥ million)

Expenses on the proﬁt and loss
statement

188,238

Total liabilities and net assets

833,242

810,852

Profit and Loss Statement:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)(¥ million)

FY2021
195,483

Ordinary expenses（*3）

159,730

161,112Extraordinary loss（*4）

28,45634,32053

50

Other administrative costs

10,586

5,308

Administrative cost total

198,824

200,791

Income taxes

417,187

Profit and Loss Statement

Administrative Cost Statement:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)
FY202258,253407,382

To show the ﬂow of information within the system of ﬁnancial
statements, items that are linked across statements areindicated by an asterisk (*), and the same number is assigned
for the linked items.

Item

FY2022

FY2021

Ordinary expenses (A) (*3)

159,730

161,112

Operating expenses

145,079

143,180

Entrusted expenses

9,635

12,899General and administrative expenses

4,013

4,401

968

561

Financial expenses
Others71
161,045

103,957

109,563

Income from entrusted research

9,606

13,101

Revenues from facilities expenses

1,002

65

Revenues from subsidies

14,897

11,372

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities

12,484

12,210

Others17,255

14,734

Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant

Extraordinary loss (C)(*4)

28,45634,320Extraordinary income (D)27,333

43,781

53

50

2,203

75

498

9,418

Income taxes (E)Reversal of reserves carried overfrom previous Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period (F)Gross proﬁt for ﬁscal year (B-A-C+D-E+F)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

35

Basic Information35
159,200

Ordinary revenues (B)Foundation for Operation

Administrative Cost Statement

56,503

Total net assets (*2)

Outcome of Operation

133,743

Debt from government
funding for operational grant

Government funding for operational grant34

FY2021

Financial Information
Policies for Operation

Summary of Financial Statements

Statement of Changes in Net Assets

Statement of Changes in Net Assets:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)(¥ million)

FY2022Starting balance of ﬁscal year

(1) Balance SheetFY2021

417,187

409,836

-2

2,161

−

2,260

I. Change of capital stock in ﬁscal year
Receipt of investments-99-4,153

2,531

1,078

92

-343

Depreciation-8,564-6,062

Impairment of ﬁxed assets-2,068

-142

-45

1,315

Acquisition of ﬁxed assets
Disposition/sale of ﬁxed assets

Others-1,7509,343

Change in ﬁscal year

-9,805

7,351

Ending balance of ﬁscal year (*2)

407,382

417,187

III. Change of retained earnings in ﬁscal year

Cash and deposits
Securities
Nuclear materials
Buildings
Machinery and equipment
Land
Construction in progress
Intangible ﬁxed assets
Investments and other assets
Debt from government fundingfor operational grant：Cash and deposits：Trading securities, government bonds that mature within one year, government-guaranteed bonds：Nuclear source materials and nuclear fuel materials stipulated by relevant laws and regulations：Buildings and ancillary equipment：Machinery and equipment：Land：Amount expended and materials appropriated for construction or production in progress：Patent rights, trademark rights, software, etc.
：Investment securities, long-term prepaid expenses, security deposits, security money, etc.
：Account that shows the liability generated when receiving government funding for operational grants

Others (current liabilities)
Reserves：Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deposits received, etc.
：Speciﬁc future expenses or losses accrued as expenses or losses for the ﬁscal year, including reserve for bonus, reserve forretirement beneﬁts, reserve for radioactive waste, reserve for environmental measures, and reserve for overseas reﬁning：Liabilities appropriated when depreciable assets are obtained in accordance with the purpose of use predeterminedby the Agency and within the scope envisaged by the Medium-/Long-Term Plan by means of government funding for
operational grant or subsidies, etc. from national or local government：Long-term donations deposited, asset retirement obligations, etc.
：Paid-in capital sourced from investment in the Agency：Capital other than capital stock and retained earnings (in the case of appropriation of ﬁxed assets, those appropriatedassets deemed to constitute part of the Agencyʼs ﬁnancial basis in consideration of the nature of the acquired asset)：Cumulative total showing the practical reduction in the ﬁnancial basis of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
corresponding to the reduction in the assets acquired using government investment, facilities expenses granted by thegovernment, etc. as the source of funds：Cumulative total of surplus generated in connection with the Agencyʼs operations

Asset-offsetting liabilities

Others (ﬁxed assets)
Capital stock
Capital surplus
Cumulative total of otheradministrative costs

Cash Flow Statement

Cash Flow Statement: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)
Items

FY2022

I. Cash ﬂow from business activities (A)Personnel expenses(¥ million)
FY2021

9,492

18,186-41,335-41,80919,301

15,388Other proceeds

149,830

156,929

Other payments-118,304-112,323-49,217-58,263

-985

1,223

II. Cash ﬂow from investment activities (B)III. Cash ﬂow from ﬁnancial activities (C)IV. Fund increase (or decrease) (D = A + B + C)

-40,711-38,855

V. Starting balance of fund (E)139,246

178,101

VI. Ending balance of fund (F = E + D) (*5)

98,535

139,246(Reference) Relation between Ending Balance of Fund and Cash and Deposits(¥ million)
FY2022Ending balance of fund(*5)

Time deposits
Cash and deposits(*1)

FY2021

98,535

139,246−−

98,535

139,246(2) Administrative Cost Statement
Expenses on proﬁt and loss statement ：Ordinary expenses, extraordinary loss, and income taxes on the proﬁt and loss statement
Other administrative costs：Account showing the level of the practical reduction in the ﬁnancial basis of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
corresponding to the reduction in the assets acquired using government investment, facilities expenses granted by thegovernment, etc. as the source of funds：Account showing the character of the full cost used for generating the output of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
Administrative cost
and the character of an indicator showing the basis for calculating costs related to the operations of the Incorporated
Administrative Agency attributable to the nation(3) Profit and Loss Statement
Operations expenses
Entrusted expenses
General and administrative expenses
Financial expenses
Others (ordinary expenses)
Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant：Expenses required for R&D operations of the Agency：Expenses required for entrusted operations of the Agency：Expenses required for the headquarters management sectors of the Agency：Expenses for ﬁnancing and leasing, such as interest payments：Miscellaneous losses, etc.
：Revenues originating from government funding for operational grant, which is recognized as revenues for the ﬁnancial year

Income from entrusted research
Revenues from facilities expenses
Revenues from subsidies：Income arising from entrusted research：Revenues originating from facility expenses from the government, which is recognized as revenues for the ﬁnancial year
：Revenues originating from subsidies, etc. from national and local government, which is recognized as revenues for the
ﬁnancial year
：Asset-offsetting liabilities converted to revenues in response to depreciation, etc.
：Miscellaneous income, etc.
：Loss on retirement or sale of ﬁxed assets, casualty loss, etc.
：Income corresponding to the cost of retirement of ﬁxed assets, etc.
：Paid amount of corporate, resident, and enterprise taxes：Reversal arising from cost generated for the ﬁscal year for the retained earnings carried over from the previous Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period in accordance with Article 21, paragraph (1), of the Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities
Others (ordinary revenues)
Extraordinary loss
Extraordinary income
Income taxes
Reversal of reserves carried overfrom previous Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives periodEnding balance of fiscal year

Basic Information(4) Statement of Changes in Net Assets：Balance shown in the net assets section of the balance sheet(5) Cash Flow Statement
Cash flow from business activities
Cash flow from investment activities
Cash flow from financial activities

36

Japan Atomic Energy Agency：Cash flow originating from activities other than investment or financial activities, such as income from provision ofservices and payments for purchase of raw materials, commodities, or services (shows the state of funds for the
execution of the Agencyʼs normal operations)：Cash flow originating from acquisition, sale, etc. of fixed assets (shows the state of funds for investment activities tosecure the business base for the future)：Cash flow originating from procurement and repayment of funds, such as incomings and outgoings of funds, andincomings and outgoings due to issuance and redemption of bonds, and borrowings and repayments

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

Foundation for Operation

Proceeds from subsidies

Retained earnings

Outcome of Operation-2-8,054

Reduction due to payment to national treasury pertaining to unnecessary assets, etc.
II. Change of capital surplus in ﬁscal year

Explanations on Financial Situation and Operation Status

37

Financial Information
Policies for Operation

Description of Financial Condition andManagement Situation(1) Balance Sheet(2) Administrative Cost Statement
Administrative cost in FY2022 was 198,824 million yen, a decrease of 1,967 million yen (1%) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this was a decrease of 5,864 million yen in extraordinary loss.

(3) Profit and Loss Statement(Ordinary expenses)
Ordinary expenses in FY2022 were 159,730 million yen, a decrease of 1,382 million yen (1% decrease) compared with the previous
fiscal year.
The main cause of this was a decrease in the labor cost.
(Ordinary revenues)
Ordinary revenues in FY2022 were 159,200 million yen, a decrease of 1,845 million yen (1% less) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this, as in the case of ordinary expenses, was a decrease in the operational grant pertaining to the labor costs.

(4) Statement of Changes in Net Assets
The total amount of assets as of the end of FY2022 was 407,382 million yen, a decrease of 9,805 million yen (2%) compared with theend of the previous fiscal year. The main cause of this, as in the case of gross profit for the fiscal year, was the decrease of 9,487
million yen of profits from settling the debt from government funding for operational grant in the last fiscal year of the Medium-/Long-Term Plan in accordance with the Accounting Standards for Incorporated Administrative Agencies.

(5) Cash Flow Statement(Cash flow from business activities)
The cash flow from business activities in FY2022 was 9,492 million yen, a decrease of 8,694 million yen (48% less) compared with theprevious fiscal year. The main cause of this was a decrease of 9,400 million yen in income associated with the contribution toradioactive waste disposal activities.
(Cash flow from investment activities)
The cash flow from investment activities in FY2022 was a deficit figure of 49,217 million yen, a decrease of 9,046 million yen (16% less)compared with the previous fiscal year. The main cause of this was a decrease of 10,163 million yen in expenses for the acquisition of
tangible fixed assets.

3rd Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period
From FY2015 to FY2021(Average)

4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period
FY2022

Assets781,975

833,242

Liabilities
Net assets
Administrative cost
Ordinary revenues
Ordinary expenses
Gross proﬁt [or loss (indicated by negativesign)] for ﬁscal year
Cash ﬂow from business activities
Cash ﬂow from investment activities
Cash ﬂow from ﬁnancial activities
Ending balance of fund334,205
447,770
107,158
165,527
164,331425,860
407,382
198,824
159,200
159,730

4,931

498

19,948

9,492-13,349-49,217-1,689128,759-985
98,535

FY2023

FY2024FY2025

FY2026FY2027

FY2028

2．Budget, Revenues and Expenditure Plan, and Financing Plan for Next Fiscal Year① Budget(¥ million)

Category
Incomings
Government funding for operating expenses
Subsidy for facility maintenance expenses
Subsidy for expenses to manage speciﬁc large advanced
research facilities
Subsidy for business expenses to promote nuclear security
improvement, etc.
Subsidy for nuclear transmutation R&D expenses
Subsidy for business expenses to promote
decommissioning research, etc.
Subsidy for business expenses to promote new Research
Reactor, etc.
Revenues from contract, etc.
Other revenues
Amount carried over from previous ﬁscal year
(carried-over waste treatment business expenses, etc.)
Total
Outgoings
General and administrative expenses
Business expenses
Expenses related to subsidy for facility maintenanceexpenses
Expenses related to subsidy for expenses to manage
speciﬁc large advanced research facilities
Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses topromote nuclear security improvement, etc.
Expenses related to subsidy for nuclear transmutation
R&D expenses
Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses topromote decommissioning research, etc.
Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses topromote new Research Reactor, etc.
Expenses related to contract, etc.
Amount carried over to next ﬁscal year
(carried-over waste treatment business expenses, etc.)
Total

For details, please see the Annual Plan.
Annual Plan:

Total
131,853285
10,183
471
61
1,249
500
3,277
4,722
135,414
288,014
6,637
148,247
285
10,183
471
61
1,249
500
3,274
117,109
288,014② Revenues and Expenditure Plan
Category
Expenses
Ordinary expenses
Business expenses
General and administrative expenses
Expenses related to contract, etc.
Depreciation expenses
Revenues
Revenues from government funding for operational grant
Revenues from subsidies
Income from waste disposal for research facilities, etc.
Income from contract, etc.
Revenues from contribution for treatment and disposalof waste
Other income
Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities
Revenues from reserve offsets
Net proﬁt
Gross profit③ Financing Plan(¥ million)
Total
146,279
125,563
5,873
3,274
11,570108,700
12,464
3
3,274
2,194
4,721
11,570
4,940
1,587
1,587

(¥ million)
Category

Outgoing funds
Expenditure for business activities
Expenditure for investment activities
Amount carried over to next ﬁscal year
Incoming funds
Revenues from business activities
Revenues from government funding for operational grant
Revenues from subsidies
Revenues from waste disposal for research facilities, etc.
Revenues from contract, etc.
Other income
Revenues from investment activities
Revenues from facility maintenance expenses
Amount carried over from previous ﬁscal year

Total
143,759
27,147
117,109152,316
131,853
12,464
3
3,274
4,722
285
285
135,414https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html(in Japanese)

38

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

39

Basic Information(Cash flow from financial activities)
The cash flow from financial activities in FY2022 was a deficit figure of 985 million yen, a decrease of 2,208 million yen (181% less) comparedwith the previous fiscal year. The main cause of this was a decrease of 2,260 million yen in income from receipt of monetary investments.

Items(¥ million)

Foundation for Operation(Gross profit for the fiscal year)
The gross profit for FY2022 was 498 million yen, a decrease of 8,921 million yen (95% less) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this was the decrease of 9,487 million yen of profits from settling the debt from government funding for
operational grant in the last fiscal year of the Medium-/Long-Term Plan in accordance with the Accounting Standards for
Incorporated Administrative Agencies.

1．Year-on-Year Comparison of Primary Financial Data

Outcome of Operation(Assets)
The total of assets as of the end of FY2022 was 833,242 million yen, an increase of 22,390 million yen (3%) compared with the end of
the previous fiscal year. The main causes of this were an increase in new acquisitions necessary for business operation and a decreasein depreciation due to the elapse of time.
(Liabilities)
The total of liabilities as of the end of FY2022 was 425,860 million yen, an increase of 32,196 million yen (8%) compared with the endof the previous fiscal year. The main causes of this, as in the case of assets, were an increase in new acquisitions necessary forbusiness operation and a decrease in depreciation due to the elapse of time.

（6）Financial Data Year-on-Year Comparison and Budget, Revenues and Expenditure Plan,
and Financing Plan for Next Fiscal Year

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision
Policies for Operation

Board of Executive Directors

Governance

The Board of JAEA is composed of the President, the Vice President, six Executive Directors and two Auditors. The President represents
JAEA in all aspects and is responsible for the overall management of JAEA, while the Vice President assists the President and acts on
his/her behalf when deemed necessary or appropriate. The Executive Directors share the responsibilities of divisional management
assigned to them with their strong and abundant experience and knowledge, and the Auditors audit the overall work of JAEA.

Competent ministers (according to Article 28 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency)
Competent ministers

Operation items in the Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology

Minister of Economy,
Trade and Industry

Nuclear Regulation
Authority

●

●

●*

1．Contributing to carbon neutrality through the development of innovative technologies such as safety
improvements

●

●

●*

2．Creating innovation through the promotion of diverse R&D on nuclear science and technology●

3．Function enhancement of a platform for R&D and human resource development in Japan●●

4．Promoting R&D contributing to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear
Power Station

●

●

●*

5．Steadily implementing technology development for the treatment and disposal of high-level
radioactive waste

●

●

●*

6．Steadily implementing sustainable backend measures prioritizing safety

●

●

●*

7．Technical support for nuclear safety regulation and emergency preparedness through safety research●

Ⅰ．Measures to be taken to attain business operation targets placing top priority on safety
Ⅱ．Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality inother areas

C

A

H

F
B

J

KOGUCHIMasanori

Vice
President

ITAKURAYasuhiro

C Executive

Director

MIURA
Nobuyuki

D Executive

Director

OHSHIMA
Hiroyuki

Director

April 2022 Executive Vice President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
July 2021 Executive Officer, JAEA
July 2020 Director-General of the Science and Technology Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
April 2018 Executive Director of the National Institutes for Quantum Science andTechnology
June 2016 Deputy Director-General, Research Promotion Bureau, MEXT
April 1987 Joined Science and Technology Agency

Career Outline
April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
May 2019 Deputy Senior Director General of Decommissioning and Radioactive
Waste Management Head Office, JAEA
April 2018 Deputy Director General of Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning
and Waste Management Technology Development, JAEA
April 2017 Director General of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories,
Sector of Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste Management,
JAEA
April 2015 Director of Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development
Center, Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Sector of
Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste Management, JAEA

Career Outline
April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
April 2018 Deputy Director General of Oarai Research and Development
Institute and Director General of Fast Reactor Cycle System Researchand Development Center, Sector for Fast Reactor and Advanced
Research and Development, JAEA
April 2015 Director of Fast Reactor Computational Engineering Department,
Advanced Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development
Center, Sector of Fast Reactor Research and Development, JAEA

Career Outline
April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
April 2019 Deputy Director General of Sector of Nuclear Science Research andDirector General of Nuclear Science Research Institute, JAEA
April 2016 Director of R&D Program Management Department, JAEA
April 2015 Senior Principal Researcher and Director of R&D Program
Management Department, JAEA

Director

FUNAKI
KentaroG Executive

Director

HORIUCHI
Yoshinori

H Executive

Director

WATANABE
FukashiI Auditor

KUMAGAE
MasashiJ Auditor(part-time)

●

●

●

●

Career Outline
April 2021 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
July 2019 Chief Nuclear Officer for International and Technology Affairs,
Director-Generalʼs Secretariat, Agency for Natural Resources andEnergy (ANRE), Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI)
July 2016 Senior Nuclear Safety Specialist, OECD Nuclear Energy Agency
August 2014 Managing Director, Nuclear Damage Compensation andDecommissioning Facilitation Corporation
August 2013 Director of R&D Strategy Planning Department,International Research Institute for Nuclear Decommissioning
April 1991 Joined Ministry of International Trade and Industry* (Safety assurance matter)

JAEAʼs Governance System
The figure below shows JAEAʼs governance system. JAEAʼs statement of operation procedures sets out the rules for decision making
led by the President, the internal control promotion system, auditing by auditors, and other relevant systems as a framework toensure the conformity of the execution of duties by the directors and employees of JAEA with relevant laws and regulations such as
the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies and to ensure the appropriateness of JAEAʼs operations. For thedetails of the internal control system, please read our statement of operation procedures.
Statement of operation procedures

Career Outline
April 2022 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
August 2020 Deputy Director-General, Research and Development Bureau,
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
July 2019 Deputy Director-General for Science, Technology, and Innovation,
and Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University
Project Office, Cabinet Office
July 2018 Director for Economic and Fiscal Management, Office of the Director
General for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy, Cabinet Office
April 1990 Joined Science and Technology Agency

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html(in Japanese)

JAEAʼs Governance System
Competent ministers：Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority)

July 2022 Executive Director, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
March 2018 General Manager, Nuclear Safety and Supervision Dept., and Secretariatof the Special Task Force for Nuclear Reform, Nuclear Reform Unit of
the Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO)
July 2017 General Manager, Nuclear Safety and Supervision Dept., Nuclear
Energy and Location Headquarters, and Secretariat of the Special
Task Force for Nuclear Reform, Nuclear Reform Unit of TEPCO
July 2016 Secretariat of the Special Task Force for Nuclear Reform, Nuclear
Reform Unit and Nuclear Energy and Location Headquarters of TEPCO
April 1993 Joined Tokyo Electric Power Company

Accounting auditor

Advice, proposals

40Japan Atomic Energy Agency

President

Executive Vice PresidentManagement
Advisory Council

Senior Advisors(Management in general)(Safety assurance)

September 2022 Auditor, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
June 2020 Managing Executive Officer, Development Bank of Japan Inc. (DBJ)
June 2017 General Manager, Corporate Finance Dept. Division 4, DBJ
April 2015 General Manager, Corporate Finance Dept. Division 3, DBJ
June 2013 Special Assistant to the President and CEO, Secretariat Office, DBJ
April 1989 Dept. for Regional Development, The Japan Development Bank

External experts
included in members

Appointment
AdviceNo external experts
included in members

Auditors

Board of Executive
Directors(Assistance indecision making)Risk Management
Committee

Self-assessment
committee(Risk management)

The reviews of external experts

Giving advice, reply to questions
Contract
Monitoring
Committee

Oversight
Committee(Procurement
procedures)(Conﬂict ofinterest)

Agency-Wide
Safety Review andQuality AssuranceCommittee(Nuclear safety,
quality assurance)(Operational results)

Operational
Results Report

Measures to be taken to attain business operationsʼtargets placing top priority on safety

Career Outline

Research and Development Sectors (Director General: Executive Director)

Headquarters

September 2022 Auditor, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

July 2012 Head of Energy & Infrastructure Sector,
KPMG Japan Managing Director, KPMG AZSA LLC
April 1993 Dallas Office, Arthur Andersen & Co.

Accounting audit

Management

Appointment

Career Outline

Change and Decarbonization Advisory Lead-KPMG
SEKIGUCHI September 2020 Climate
Sustainable value Japan, KPMG Japan
Mina
July 2013 Head of Energy & Natural Resources, KPMG Asia Pacific Region

Appointment

Selection

Career Outline

General Affairs Department

Construction Department

Personnel Department

Center for Computational
Science & e-Systems

Financial Affairs Department
Contract Department
Public Relations Department…

OIGAWA
Hiroyuki

Career Outline

F Executive

Ⅳ．Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of finances
Ⅴ．Important matters concerning other business operations

Peer review

Nuclear Human Resource
Development Center

R&D evaluationcommittee

Sector of Fukushima
Research and Development

Sector of Nuclear Safety Researchand Emergency Preparedness

Sector of Nuclear Science Research

Sector of Fast Reactor andAdvanced Reactor
Research and Development

Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology Development

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

41

Basic Information

E Executive

April 2022 President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
June 2020 Counselor, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)
June 2018 Board Member, Executive Vice President, CFO, MHI
April 2018 Board Member, Executive Vice President, CFO,
Director of the Office of Strategic Planning and Promotion, MHI
June 2015 Board Member, Managing Director, CFO,
Director of the Office of Strategic Planning and Promotion, MHI
April 2014 Board Member, Operating Officer of the Office of Strategic Planningand Promotion, MHI
April 1978 Joined MHI●Foundation for Operation

B Executive

Career Outline●…

A President●*

Ⅲ．Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving and enhancing the efficiency ofbusiness operationsD(as of June 2023)

Outcome of Operation

E

G

I

●*

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Initiatives to Maintain and Develop R&D Functions

JAEA has formulated a statement of operation procedures which sets out the system for ensuring that the performance of duties bycorporate ofﬁcers (excluding auditors) conforms with the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies and the Act
on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency, etc. The main items relating to the operation ofinternal control and their implementation status are shown below.

The Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities
JAEA issued the Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities on April 1, 2017, which focused on three objectives:
selection and consolidation of JAEA facilities; measures to maintain the safety of facilities; and management of back-end issues for
JAEA facilities. JAEA makes maximum use of nuclear facilities as its resources and works hard to maintain and develop research anddevelopment for the future.
The Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities

Internal audit (Article 32 of the statement of operation procedures)

Selection andConsolidation
・Prioritization offacilities
・Cost reduction

Bidding and Contracting（ Article 34 of the statement of operation procedures ）In June 2022, September 2022, and January 2023, the Contract Monitoring Committee inspected contracts with a high bid-to-askingprice ratio, such as multi-bidder contracts with over a 99.5% ratio; contracts with a single bidder for two consecutive years; contracts
for which a low bid-price survey was conducted; contracts with afﬁliated corporations; and the appropriateness of reasons forchoosing no-bid contracts (negotiated contracts).

The Medium-/Long-Term Management
Plan of JAEA Facilities
Measures to
Maintain Safety

Management of
Back-End Issues

・Adaptation to new
regulations
・Earthquake resistancemeasures・Measures against
agingFoundation for Operation

The 2022 implementation plan budget guideline and implementation plan were decided at a board meeting. We strived to allocate
the budget appropriately based on an analysis of budget use during the period.

Outcome of Operation

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/facilities_plan/ (in Japanese)

In addition to the existing audit subjects (such as the implementation status of personal information protection), we have audited toprevent the emergence of risk. In addition, the Ofﬁce of Auditor is engaged in establishing a system for centralized internal auditingof all JAEA activities in coordination with the regulation audits conducted by other departments.

Appropriate budget allocation (Article 35 of the statement of operation procedures)

Policies for Operation

Information on Operation of Internal Control

・Decommissioning
・Waste treatment anddisposalStatus of implementation in FY2022〇At Monju, JAEA began fuel unloading in August 2018 and successfully transferred 530 fuel assemblies* to the spent fuel pool safely
as planned by October 2022.
〇At Fugen, JAEA signed “The Transport and Reprocessing of JAEA Spent Fuel” with the French company Orano Recyclage in June
2022. Based on this contract, we are preparing to transport the spent fuel.

〇Measures for aging and back-end measures of other nuclear facilities in JAEA were implemented almost as planned.
*The 530 fuel assemblies consist of 370 in the reactor vessel and 160 in the ex-vessel fuel storage tank.

42

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Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

43

Basic Information〇At the Tokai Reprocessing Plant, from the perspective of reducing risks associated with high active liquid waste, top priority isplaced on safety measures based on the new regulatory requirements for earthquakes and tsunami, etc., at High Active Liquid
Waste Storage (HAW) and the Tokai Vitriﬁcation Facility (TVF). In January 2023, we installed a tsunami debris protection fence toprotect these facilities from impacts with debris caused by undertows. In June 2022, we began to remove the remaining nuclearfuel materials as ﬂush-out from some equipment in this plant, and completed the ﬁrst stage, the removal of the spent-fuel sheared
powder, etc. in September 2022.

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Operational and Management Challenges, Risk Management Status and Countermeasures
Policies for Operation

Status of Environmental Impact Reduction Activities

Status of Risk Management

Environmental Management

JAEA implements risk management activities for issues related to business promotion such as safe operation and maintenance of
nuclear facilities, and compliance activities aimed at ensuring individual employees and organizations act in accordance with social
norms such as laws and ethics, under the leadership of the President.

JAEA regards consideration for the environment as a high priority in its operations, and has formulated Rules on Environmental
Management. In addition, under the Basic Environmental Policy, we set Environmental Targets and proactively undertake
environment-conscious activities.
Moreover, to systematically promote environment-conscious activities, we have set up an environmental management framework,
which includes an Environmental Committee and a Meeting of Section Heads in Charge of Environmentally Conscious Activities.

Results of FY2022 Environment-Conscious Activities
Major action
Formulation ofEnvironmental Policy andTargets and compiling ofactivity results

1Q
Apr.

May

2Q
Jun.

Evaluate target achievement inprevious ﬁscal year and report results
to Environmental Committee

Implementation of
measures to comply withenvironmental laws andregulations

Jul.

Aug.

3Q
Sep.

Oct.

Nov.

Promote environment-conscious activities
based on Basic Environmental Policy andEnvironmental Targets

4Q
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

In FY2022, our risk management activities were carried out as an integral part of business management by extracting the assumed
risks and linking them with the business operations target to achieve the goals related to business operations such as R&D in the 4th
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period. All ofﬁcers and employees also worked together to implement risk management by centrally
managing risks and countermeasures at each level (ofﬁcers, managers, employees) with an emphasis on responses to risks in addition
to prevention.
In addition, we conducted audits of internal controls covering all operations, and ensured risk management effectiveness byreporting internal audit results to the President and the Risk Management Committee.

Evaluate activity results and formulate corresponding
plan for following ﬁscal year, including Basic
Environmental Policy and Environmental Targets

Compliance Activities
Prepare periodic and other environment-related reports requiredby Acts and submit to national authority

Initiatives to Promote Energy-Saving Activities

Organizational Chart of JAEA Risk Management Activity

Prepare Environmental
ReportTraining session on
environment-conscious
activities

Publish(end of Sep.)

Organize training session on
environment-conscious activities

JAEA promotes environment-conscious activities for energy conservation. JAEAʼs research institutes* at six locations are designatedEnergy Management Factories under the Act on Rationalizing Energy Use (hereinafter “Energy Conservation Act”). Accordingly, theseresearch institutes promote energy conservation activities in line with Medium-/Long-Term Plans drawn up based on the Energy
Conservation Law. Other laboratories also engage in energy conservation efforts.
* Nuclear Science Research Institute (including J-PARC ), Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Oarai Research and Development Institute, Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center, Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju, Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center.

Prepare Environmental Report:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/environment/(in Japanese)

Risk Management Committee

Deliberation on matters related to risk management
ChairmanMembers

Plan

ActionCheck* Operating a PDCA
cycle starting fromP (the risk management
promotion policy)

President
Executive Vice President,
Executive Directors and heads of
relevant departments

Risk Management Manager(Executive Directors and headsof departments)
D: Formulation of Risk
Management Planfor Each Fiscal Year

C: Assessment
A: Review of Risk Management Promotion
Policies for the Next Fiscal Year

Reporting

Policy Planning and Administration Department
Office of Auditor

Secretariat to Risk Management Office

Cooperation

Internal Audit

Each Sector at JAEA(Workplace)

Risk management activities
in each organization

Basic Information

JAEA promotes environmentally aware businesses to fulﬁll its social responsibility. With regard to the materials required for businesspromotion, we continue various efforts to make environmentally aware contracts and procurements based on the “Act on Promotionof Contracts of the State and Other Entities, Which Show Consideration for Reduction of Emissions of Greenhouse Gases, etc.”
In addition, we are making efforts to perform arrangements and beautiﬁcation activities of the environment, such as planting,weeding, tree planting, and picking up garbage, inside and outside of the premises of each site. Please refer to the Environmental
report for more information about the environmental friendliness activities of JAEA.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

P: Formulation of Risk Management
Promotion Policies

Do

Consideration for the Environment

44

President Supervision of risk management

Compliance awareness poster(Coordinated activity by National
Research and Development Agency
Council)Foundation for Operation

Every year, JAEA invites an external lecturer to give training and hosts a meeting to encourage an exchange of views. These training
sessions are expected to serve the purpose of promotion and active implementation of environment-conscious activities at its
laboratories and improvement of the skills of relevant personnel.

In FY2022, with the aim of fostering an organizational culture that prevents the occurrence of
misconduct, we implemented a number of initiatives, including the delivery of the “Presidentʼs
Message”, the exchange of opinions to promote two-way communication between the President
and all staff, and the internal meetings conducted by assigned “Workplace Environment
Promoters” to foster an open and disciplined workplace environment.
Compliance training for new recruits was provided together with training by external lectures(4 times, total 1,575 participants) and training by internal lectures (11 times, total 2,952 participants)
as well as educational video materials as part of activities to conﬁrm and consolidate complianceawareness.
We also raised compliance awareness among employees through other activities, such as
participating in the compliance promotion month organized by the National Research andDevelopment Agency Councilʼs compliance expert committee.

Preparation andpublication ofEnvironmental Report
2022 (in Japanese)

Outcome of Operation

The chart below shows how we plan and implement our environment-conscious activities in each ﬁscal year. The activity results
undergo review by the relevant committees, including the Environmental Committee, and are incorporated into the following year's
Basic Environmental Policy and Environmental Targets.

Risk Management Activities

P: Formulation of Risk Management
Promotion Policies
Based on annual plan implementationof risk management training

Risk Management Officer (Director General of Each JAEA R&D
Institute and Center, Director of Each Head Office, etc.)

D: Formulation of Risk Management Planfor Each Fiscal Year

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45

Operational and Management Challenges, Risk Management Status and Countermeasures
Policies for Operation

Structural Reform of JAEA Operations

Efforts to ensure fair, transparent and efficient procurement

Promoting Restructuring through Strong Leadership of the President

JAEA formulates a Procurement Rationalization Plan*1 for each fiscal year. According to this plan, we implement the PDCA cycle topromote autonomous and continuous rationalization of procurement and related activities, while ensuring fairness and transparency.
We promote procurement of eco-friendly products*2, such as those designated under the Act on Promoting Green Procurement, in theinterest of environmental preservation. We also purchase products preferentially from organizations supporting persons with disabilities*3.

JAEAʼs management issues include handling of aged facilities and equipment, increasing operations such as handling of wastematerials and decommissioning, and reducing the R&D budget and staff. To cope with these issues, JAEA has to promote
restructuring of its operations including “strengthening the structure for operations that should be given high priority,” “avoidance of
unreasonable/wasteful operations,” and “streamlined, consolidated, and IT-introduced work styles” based on the medium-to-longterm facility plan (P.43) implemented through three factors “consolidation/prioritization of facilities,” “securing safety of facilities,” and“back-end measures.”

PDCA Cycle in JAEAʼs Contracting Process

Rigorous Review and Monitoring Systems
・To promote competitive contracts and selectappropriate companies to invite bids from,potential contracts undergo prior review by
the Contract Review Committee, whose
members include external experts. This
review checks the reasons for using single
tendering and whether competitive bidding
is indeed unfeasible.
・The Contract Monitoring Committee, which
comprises the Auditors of JAEA and external
experts, checks the implementation progressof the Procurement Rationalization Plan andcarries out follow-up inspections of individual
contracts.

・To ensure fair contracts, we incorporate theresults of follow-up checks and inspections
into the following yearʼs plan and individual
contracts.

ActionPlan

Evaluation of FY2022 Efforts and Future Direction

・We formulated the FY2022
Procurement Rationalization Plan
in June 2022 through review andapproval by the Contract
Monitoring Committee*4.

Since FY2022 is the first year of the 4th Medium-/Long-term Management Plan, to achieve the new medium-to-long term plan and its
goals, we have introduced various renovation activities in addition to efforts centering on the operation reform promotion committee,
which led restructuring until then. In FY2023, we will study support activities provided for the R&D operations from management
divisions such as the policy planning and administration department, the general affairs department, and the personnel department,
and also study the strengthening of the international strategy that takes advantage of JAEAʼs strengths.

Procurement Rationalization Plan

Plan

Check

Do

Implementation of Efficient Procurement

Main Renovation Activities in FY2022
Objective

Implemented “presidential hearing session” and “risk management activity” based on the new structure･ Selected the main operations that should be intensively managed by the president as core projects･ Centering around the core projects, consolidated the “presidential hearing session,” the “risk management
activities,” etc., which were independently conducted, and intensively conducted the discussion toward the
maximum achievements

Share the targeted direction of
JAEA and announce it to society

Amended the “management principle” toward enforcement on April 1, 2023
･ Developed the “management principle” led by the president as a simple message to allow JAEA to fulﬁll
the role as a unit based on new trends in nuclear power

Strengthen functions to support
international operations

Established the “Overseas Business Integration Organization Preparation Ofﬁce” as the new headquartersorganization･ To prepare for the establishment of the “Overseas Business Integration Division”, which will integrate alloverseas businesses that are important for the management of JAEA and actively be involved in eachoverseas business, established the “Overseas Business Integration Organization Preparation Ofﬁce”

・When conducting bidding, we strive to provide competitive opportunities to potential bidders by not imposing unnecessarily strict entry conditions,providing a sufficient public notice period, and announcing our annual procurement plan.
・We also make efforts to increase the number of bid participants. As part of these efforts, we conduct questionnaire surveys to ask companies that
did not participate in the bidding about their reasons for not taking part. We post on our website “JAEA bid participation guide” that explains theprocedure for participating. For contracts involving a large amount of money, we hold a bidding briefing session in advance to promote
understanding of our specifications.

Strengthen the system towardpractical use of high-temperaturegas reactors

Established the “High Temperature Gas Reactor Project Promotion Ofﬁce,” which is independent of divisionorganizations･ Promoted new projects for the high-temperature gas reactor and hydrogen production and the thermal
utilization technology using the reactor toward implementation of carbon neutrality･ Arranged a system in charge of planning and coordination, external negotiation with associated institutions,and publication as an organization with high mobility headed by the vice-president

・In addition, we seek to provide further opportunities to potential bidders by dividing off the non-specialist aspects of a task as a separate contract.

Promote the development of the
DX environment

Established the “DX Control Promotion Committee” as the PMO (Program Management Ofﬁce)･ Established the PMO, which controls and promotes development of the DX environment･ Composed of the core members who promote DX in the Center for Computational Science & e-Systems
and each organization, and adopted the members of the private company who are in charge of DX andresearchers as advisors･ Cooperated with the action plan developed by the operation reform promotion committee and promoted
efﬁcient operations through introduction and promotion of RPA (Robotic Process Automation)

Streamline the evaluation system

Developed a structure for review by external experts･ To promote efﬁcient and streamlined management control functions, developed a structure to directly
reﬂect the reviews of external experts in the self-evaluation where the evaluation results of the R&D andevaluation committee of each division had been leveraged in the self-evaluation until then

Improve acquisition of externalfunds and support for social
implementation

Improved joint research to maximize research results･ Moved the Research Cooperation Division to the JAEA innovation hub to efﬁciently and effectively conduct
conﬁrmation of the signiﬁcance of cooperative research, their contract procedures, and support provision
after their implementation, and improved the support system for acquisition of external funds, patentacquisition, and social implementation

Efforts to Prevent Embezzlement
・An e-learning-based education and awareness campaign for all employees was conducted to prevent corruption involving government agencies.

*1 For details of the Procurement Rationalization Plan, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/ (in Japanese)(Go To Top
of Section*1〜*4)*2 For performance in the procurement of eco-friendly products, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/green/ (in Japanese)*3 For performance in the procurement of products from organizations supporting persons with disabilities, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/handicapped/ (in Japanese)*4 For information on the Contract Monitoring Committee, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/committee.html (in Japanese)

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47

Basic Information

Implement centralized
management

・Our main tool for procurement is in principle general competitive bidding. However, taking into account our highly specialized R&D operations that
require a high level of expertise, we make flexible use of diverse contract types to ensure efficient procurement that is also fair and transparent.

Efforts to Ensure Competitive Opportunities in Contracting Process

Description

Foundation for Operation

Do

Outcome of Operation

Check

ActionIncorporation of Inspection Results into
Following Yearʼs PlanInitiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations
Policies for Operation

Redefining the Organizational Concept andSecuring/Training Human Resources
With a view to maximizing R&D outcomes and carrying out efficient operations, JAEA has formulated a Human Resources Policy, a planthat sets out the ideal employee profile and includes related career path policies. By increasing employee motivation and improving
their qualifications and capabilities in this way, JAEA is promoting human resource development in a systematic and organized manner.

Furtherance of Diverse and Highly Productive Ways of Working Tailoredto Each Employee
Promotion of Work-Life Balance

Ideal JAEA Employee Profile

JAEA engages in a variety of activities to facilitate all its employees to fully exert their abilities by creating an environment where
employees can balance work and personal life.
To encourage employees to continue working during challenging life stages such as child rearing and nursing care, we introduced
a telecommuting system in FY2019. To further develop it as part of our new ways of working, we have formulated and trialed ateleworking optimization program, which we plan to officially implement.
In November 2022, in recognition of our continuous high-level efforts as an excellent “Child Care Support Company”, we obtained
the specific certification “Platinum Kurumin” from the Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare.

“Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for balancing work and child care

Career Path Policies
JAEA formulates organizational training plans that reflect the actual circumstances of individual organizations. Based on the organizational
training plans, JAEA formulates a personal training plan for each staff member and holds annual training interviews to provide follow-up
and career path adjustment as necessary. In this way, JAEA endeavors to assist employees in developing a unique career that fits individual
skills and aptitude and works to improve the capabilities of each employee and translate the outcomes into improved performance for theentire organization.
Further, in order to promote and vitalize R&D, in April 2022, we established the JAEA Fellowship, a system for recognizing employees withoutstanding expertise and abundant R&D achievements as specialists in their field. The certified persons are listed on the JAEA website.

JAEA has in place a wide range of short-/long-term leave systems collectively called “Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for both male andfemale employees to balance work and child care. In FY2022, we introduced new leave for fertility treatment and childcare leave atbirth (known as postpartum paternity leave), and expanded the scope of use such as “partial leave,” “nursing-care leave for sick/injured children,” and “early start/late start system” to employees with children up to junior high school-age to enhance the system.
6 weeks before childbirthFormothersFor
fathers

Improving Performance Across the Organization
by Enhancing Individual Capabilities!

Research positions
Conduct original and innovative R&D tocarve out the future of nuclear energy

Example activities: Participation in academic
societies and international conferences; training
for drafting research papers; degree acquisition
support; dispatch to overseas research and otherorganizations; overseas nuclear study programs;
utilization of cross-appointment system.

Engage in planning,
administration andother operations
utilizing management
skills14-15 years

Seniormanagement
activity stage

Specialized field track

Play active role as engineer, engaging
in latest technology development andoperating cutting-edge facilities

Example activities: Support of acquisition of
government-sanctioned qualifications such aslegal chief; degree acquisition support; dispatch
to overseas research and other organizations;overseas nuclear study programs; utilization ofcross-appointment system.

Early/late work schedulingRestriction on unscheduled work

Exemption from unscheduled work

Flex-time working system（No restrictions. Childcare-Core Time is applied to employees caring for the child/children that have yet to commence the third grade of elementary school）

Administrative positions
Contribute to smooth execution of JAEA
operations and serve as bridge between
specialists and society

Example activities: Experience of different
administrative operations through job rotation
system; transfer to international organizations oroverseas offices and temporary assignment tocentral government ministries and agencies.

Development of Systems for Balancing Work and Family Care
We offer the following extensive working, holiday, and leave systems to help balance work and family care: Flex-Time Working System;
Nursing Care Leave; Short-term Nursing care Leave; Partial Leave; Exemption from and Restriction on Unscheduled Work; Early/Late
Work Scheduling; Accumulated Leave.

Promotion of Gender Equality
JAEA engages in a variety of activities to promote gender equality from the viewpoint of securing and utilizing a wide spectrum of
human resources (diversity).
・Ratio of new female employees in FY2022 ............................................. 23.7%
・Ratio of female employees to all employees (as of April 1, 2023) ....... 12.8%(1) Increase female recruitment: We implement initiatives to help potential female employees to envisage their career paths after
joining us, including use as recruiters of successful female employees practicing various work styles and appealing to female
students in recruitment activities and on our websites.
(2) Career development of female employees: Through mentoring and other systems, we offer role models to our female employees
in a bid to assist autonomous career development from a long-term perspective.
(3) Facilitating understanding of gender equality: We hold opinion exchange sessions throughout our sites and publish diversity newslettersto disseminate information on our initiatives and actual cases to increase employee understanding of our activities. In addition, we
continuously work to raise awareness of the promotion of gender equality among management staff through rank-based training.
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

49

Basic Information

To demonstrate our skill as experts trusted by society, JAEA strives to promote human-resource development in a well planned andsystematic manner comprising on-the-job training, which provides guidance in each workplace on carrying out duties, and off-the-job
training to complement on-the-job training.
● Level-specific training: Training for new employees; training for mid-career employees; training for employees promoted to
managerial positions; training for evaluators● Career-up: Language training; training for mentors● Professional education: Nuclear technique training (acquisition of qualifications, acquisition of specialized knowledge and skills)
Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Leave for sick/injured child care

Telework (life-support type)20 years and moreEngineering positions

CommonRestriction on late night work

Enhancement of Employee Development Framework

48

Other available systems
Accumulated leave (Special leave)
Assistance for the use of babysitters

Partial leave (short-time work)

Career-speciﬁc progression stage
Management track

Junior high school enrollment

Paternity leave

Childcare time leave

Contribute to theorganization as a
specialist having
acquired a high skill
level in theirrespective area

3 years oldPaternal childcare leave (from the date of birth for the first child)Childcare leave

Skill application andtesting stage

Approximateyears of
6-7 years
service* Example of a new university graduate

Maternity leave before/after childbirth

1 year old

During pregnancy and up to childbirth, female employees can make use of measures
such as easing commuting and reducing work for maternity health care.

Foundation for Operation

Skill development stage

8 weeks after childbirthChildcare leave at birthGain experience in a diverse
range of operations andbecome an active main
player in the workplace
Gain basic knowledge andwork to improve expertiseChildbirth

Outcome of Operation(1) Persons who understand management philosophy and can implement it in a steadfast and voluntary manner(2) Persons who play an active role in the international community while demonstrating originality and an innovative mindset in theirrespective areas of specialty(3) Persons who understand their respective roles within their organizational structure and demonstrate a high level of expertise while
collaborating with others

Speciﬁc certiﬁcation
mark of the Ministerof Health, Labourand Welfare

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations
Policies for Operation

Public Consultation, Public Relations andInformation Disclosure

Contribution to Regional Development

JAEA is making efforts to promote mutual understanding through various communication activities and to win the confidence of local
communities. We swiftly and actively transmit and disclose information about R&D achievements, business activities, etc.

JAEA has made proactive efforts to participate in activities that contribute to the development of local communities, including
participation in science classes in junior high schools and in industrial and technical events near sites across the country, and has
implemented various activities to promote mutual understanding with people in local communities such as open facilities.
* The activities shown below were implemented while providing sufﬁcient measures to prevent the spread of coronavirus.

Swift and Active Information Provision and Disclosurefor Ensuring Transparency

Examples of Regional Contribution in FY2022

Official Twitter account:https://twitter.com/jaea_en

Timely and intelligent press response, accurate andeasy-to-understand information dissemination
We actively publish theachievements obtained from
JAEAʼs R&D activities and thecurrent situation of our operations
on the JAEA website and in press
releases. In addition, with regard
to those topics gaining a lot ofTraining session for press responsesocial attention, we open facilities
to the media and hold study sessions.
To effectively disseminate such information, we are making
efforts to spread easy-to-understand information by providing
staff with “How to write press release documents” sessions. In
addition, we provide staff with experience-based training tofacilitate accurate information dissemination.

[Horonobe] Participation in local industrial andtechnical events[Aomori] Science classes in juniorhigh schools[Aomori] Memorial symposium
celebrated visitors to the
Mutsu Science Museum
exceeding 500,000[Tsuruga] Training workshop for local
companies[Tsuruga] Participation in local industrial
and technical events[Fukushima] Participation in local
industrial and technicaleventsProvide easy-to-understand introduction of R&D results:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/study_results/representative/(in Japanese)

Information DisclosureWith regard to information disclosure requests, we respondswiftly and appropriately under the provisions of the Act on
Access to Governmental Information, and hold a “PublicInformation Committee” composed of external experts toinspect the fair application of the information disclosure system
to ensure objectivity and transparency.

[Tokai] Participation in local industrial
and technical events[Oarai] Science classes in junior high schools[Ningyo-toge] Summer holiday crafts
class for elementary
school students

Science Agora 2022

JAEA Symposium:https://www.jaea.go.jp/jaea-houkoku17/(in Japanese)

50

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Basic Information

Information Disclosure:
JAEA Symposiums

Foundation for Operation

Public hearing and public relations/outreach activities
Aiming at disseminating JAEAʼs R&D achievements, we holda wide variety of symposiums and presentation meetings, andimplement public hearings and public relations activities suchas exhibitions at events. While we mainly provided our activities
through online media until FY2021 due to the COVID-19
pandemic, we were able to converse with and directly gather
visitorsʼ opinions in FY2022, as face-to-face communication was
returning.
In FY2022, we held symposiums and events with a focus on
the “next-generation innovative reactor” or “hydrogen energy,”
which are gaining increasing social attention from the viewpointof realizing a decarbonized society and energy security.
During the JAEA Symposium in November 2022, wereported our efforts toward social implementation of thenext-generation innovative reactor driven by JAEA according
to the topic “Future Challenge Opened by the Developmentof the Innovative Reactor - Social Needs Expected to JAEA
and Social Contributions from JAEA -.” The invited external
experts explained the roles that JAEA should fulfill and their
expectations.
We have thus implemented activities that inform society ofthe value brought by JAEAʼs R&D achievements.

Offers information about
R&D achievements using
SNS

Outcome of Operation

JAEA swiftly and actively provides and discloses information about its activities toensure transparency of its operations. For this purpose, we try to provide a wide rangeof people with easy-to-understand information using various media such as SNS in
addition to our website and public-relations magazine while leveraging dialogue taking
risk communication into account based on awareness of the needs of the reader. With
regard to the issues of especially high social concern, we actively implement public
relations activities that are integrated and use specific stories through symposiums,
various events, our public relations magazine, etc. In addition, we offer informationemphasizing swiftness and accuracy in the case of an accident or other difficulties.

[Tokai] Open facilities to the public

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/information_disclosure(in Japanese)[Ningyo-toge] Participation in local
industrial and technicalevents[Tono] Participation in local industrial andtechnical events

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

51

Basic information of JAEA
Policies for Operation

JAEAʼs Position and Role in Japanʼs National Policy

Purpose of the Corporation

Policy framework for JAEA

In accordance with the basic policy stipulated in Article 2 of the Atomic Energy Basic Act, JAEA was established to comprehensively,
systematically, and efficiently conduct basic and applied research on nuclear energy, the development of fast breeder reactors toestablish the nuclear fuel cycle and the associated necessary nuclear fuel materials, and the development of technologies related
to nuclear fuel material reprocessing and high-level radioactive waste disposal; to disseminate the outcomes of the research; andthereby to contribute to the welfare of human society and to raising the standard of living of Japanʼs citizens.

[National Policy]
Atomic Energy Basic Act (Sets the framework for Japanʼs nuclear research and utilization including JAEA)
Atomic Energy Basic Act:

https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=416AC0000000155 (in Japanese)

Operations
In order to achieve its purpose as set out in Article 4 of the Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research andDevelopment Agency, JAEA conducts the operations below (excluding those that fall under operations listed in Article 16, item (i)and (ii), of the Act on the National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology).

Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures
Long-Term Strategy under the Paris Agreement
Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality
in 2050,
etc.

[Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency](Sets out the purpose and operational scope of JAEA)[JAEAʼs Activities in the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives (Plan)]
Ⅰ. Measures to be taken to attain business operation targets placing top priority on safety
Ⅱ. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality in other areas
Foundation for Operation

1. Contributing to carbon neutrality through the development of innovative technologies such as safety improvements
2. Creating innovation through the promotion of diverse R&D on nuclear science and technology
3. Function enhancement of a platform for R&D and human resource development in Japan
4. Promoting R&D contributing to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
5. Steadily implementing technology development for the treatment and disposal of high-level radioactive waste
6. Steadily implementing sustainable backend measures prioritizing safety
7. Technical support for nuclear safety regulation and emergency preparedness through safety research
III. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving and enhancing the efﬁciency of business operations
IV. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of ﬁnances
V . Important matters concerning other business operations

Basic Information(i) Basic research on nuclear energy(ii) Applied research on nuclear energy(iii) The following operations required to technologically establish the nuclear fuel cycle:
a. Development of fast breeder reactors (excluding where the building of a demonstration reactor is involved) and theassociated necessary researchb. Development of the nuclear fuel materials necessary for the operations shown in a. above and the associatednecessary researchc. Development of technology related to nuclear fuel material reprocessing and the associated necessary researchd. Development of technology related to the processing and disposal of the high-level radioactive waste generated inassociation with the operations shown in c. above and the associated necessary research(iv) Dissemination and promotion of the use of the results of the operations shown in (i) to (iii) above(v) The following operations related to radioactive waste disposal (excluding those that fall under operations of the
Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan):a. Final disposal, by means of burying, of the radioactive waste generated in association with the operations of JAEA
and radioactive waste entrusted to JAEA for disposal by external organizations (excluding waste generated bycommercial nuclear power reactors, etc.)
b. Construction, improvement, maintenance and other management of facilities for burial disposal, closure of disposal
facilities after completion of burial disposal, and management of disposal facility sites after closure(vi) Provision of JAEAʼs facilities and equipment for R&D related to science and technology and for activities related to thedevelopment and use of nuclear energy(vii) Development of researchers and technicians related to nuclear energy and improvement of their quality(viii) Collection, arrangement, and provision of information related to nuclear energy(ix) In addition to activities carried out as part of the operations shown in (i) to (iii) above, nuclear energy-related testing,research, investigation, analysis, or assessment where deemed necessary and entrusted to JAEA by the head of a
related administrative organization or local public organization(x) Operations relating to investment and physical and technological support as stipulated in Article 34-6, Paragraph 1,of the Act on Activation of the Creation of Science and Technology Innovation (Act No.63 of 2008) and that are
additionally specified by Cabinet Order(xi) Operations incidental to the operations from (i) to (x)(xii) Operations stipulated in Article 5, Paragraph 2, of the Act on the Promotion of Public Utilization of the Specific
Advanced Large Research Facilities (Act No.78 of 1994)(xiii) In addition to the operations from (i) to (xii), within the range that does not interfere with the performance of thesetasks, operations to store and/or dispose of nuclear source materials (referring to nuclear source materials as
stipulated in Article 3, Item (iii), of the Atomic Energy Basic Act), nuclear fuel materials, or nuclear waste entrusted to
JAEA by national government, local public organizations or other persons specified by Cabinet Order.

Sixth Science, Technology, and Innovation Basic Plan
Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy
Basic Policy for Nuclear Research and Development
Strategic Energy Plan

Article 17 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency,
National Research and Development Agency:
https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=416AC0000000155 (in Japanese)

52

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Outcome of Operation

https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=330AC1000000186 (in Japanese)

Article 4 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency,
National Research and Development Agency:

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

53

Basic information of JAEA
Policies for Operation

Proﬁle of Organization

1956“Atomic Fuel Corporation”
established

Reform of PNC
1967“Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel
Development Corporation (PNC)” establishedThe basic policy of the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives(1) Importance of nuclear research for national security ofenergy, the science, technology, and development of
the industry(2) Expectation of the policy to contribute to carbon neutrality(3) Correspondence to issue of the policy to realizationof the new value, digitalization that many aspects andcomplexity(4) Balancing R&D activities with back-end measures placing
top priority on safety(5) Development of advanced reactors, which are further
improvements on safety for light water reactors, and thecreation of innovation through digital transformation (DX)
(6) Contribution to the maintenance and strengthening of
national research, development, and human resource
development infrastructure(7) Promotion of the creation and utilization ofcomprehensive knowledge for generating new value(8) Promoting the dissemination of easy-to-understandinformation and interactive communication activities

1. Contributing to carbon neutrality through the development of innovative technologies such as safety improvements
2. Creating innovation through the promotion of diverse R&D on nuclear science and technology
3. Function enhancement of a platform for R&D and human resource development in Japan
4. Promoting R&D contributing to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
5. Steadily implementing technology development for the treatment and disposal of high-level radioactive waste
6. Steadily implementing sustainable backend measures prioritizing safety
7. Technical support for nuclear safety regulation and emergency preparedness through safety research

April 1, 2015
Name changed to “National Research and Development
Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency”

Law Underlying Establishment of JAEA
Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency (Act No.155 of 2004)

Organization

President
Executive Vice President
Executive Directors（6）(Management Sector)

Auditors（2）(Common Mission Sector)

Decommissioning and Radioactive
Waste Management Head OfficeConstruction Department

Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment

Safety and Nuclear Security Administration Head Office

Center for Computational Science & e-Systems

Policy Planning and Administration Department

Nuclear Human Resource Development Center

JAEA Innovation Hub

Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security

Sector of Nuclear Science Research

General Affairs Department

Preparatory Office of New Research Reactor*1

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced
Reactor Research and Development

Personnel Department

HTGR Project Management OfficeFinancial Affairs Department

Preparatory Office for Overseas Business Strategy
Department*2

Contract Department

Tsuruga Head Office

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness

Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development
Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration

Foundation for Operation

In the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan and an annual plan for FY2022, which were formulated based on the Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives, the following research and development activities will be carried out, taking into account national policies such as the“Green Growth Strategy Through Achieving Carbon Neutrality in 2050”, various social issues surrounding JAEA, in addition, the following
research and development activities will be carried out based on the future vision “JAEA2050+”, which was compiled in FY2020.

Transfer of part of operations (April 1, 2016)

Outcome of Operation“National Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology”

1998“Japan Nuclear Cycle Development
Institute (JNC)” established

October 1, 2005
“Incorporated Administrative
Agency, Japan Atomic Energy
Agency” established

Integration (1985)

1956“Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute”
established

Enactment of Japan Atomic
Energy Agency Act (2004)“Japan Nuclear Ship Research and Development Agency”

Report Concerning theIntegration of Two
Corporations (2003)

Following the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies, JAEAʼs operations are conducted in accordance with
the Medium-/Long-Term Plan formulated based on the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives specified by the competent ministers and anannual plan laid down every fiscal year for achieving the Medium-/Long-Term Plan.
The ministers set the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives in FY2021 of the final year of the period among the 3rd Medium-/LongTerm Objectives. JAEA formulated the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives of the seven years from FY2022 to FY2028, and the basic
policy of the 4th Medium-/Long-Term Objectives is follows.

History

Consolidation andrationalization plan for special
public corporations (approvedby the Cabinet in 2001)

Overview of Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, Medium-/Long-Term Plan, and Annual Plan

Public Relations Department
International Affairs Department
Office of Auditor

Overview of Medium-/Long-Term Objectives,
Medium-/Long-Term Plan, and Annual Plan:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

Auditor for Nuclear Safety*1 New Research Reactor Promotion Office was changed from New Research Reactor Preparation Office as amended on April 1, 2023, starting full-scale
operation aiming at promoting the New Research Reactor as an executor for the New Research Reactor Plan.
*2 Overseas Business Strategy Department was changed from Preparatory Office for Overseas Business Strategy Department as amended on April 1, 2023,
starting full-scale operation aiming at strengthening support for overseas operations.

The number of full-time employees under the age-limit system as of the end of FY2022 was 3,102 (a decrease of 7 compared with theend of the previous fiscal year) and the average age was 42.4 years (42.6 years as of the end of the previous fiscal year). The numberof full-time employees under the age-limit system does not include persons seconded from the national government or privatecompanies. The number of employees retiring on March 31, 2023, was 104.

54

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

55

Basic Information

Employees

Basic information of JAEA
Policies for Operation

Location of R&D Sites (as of June 2023)

Major Specified Affiliated Companies, Affiliated Companies and Related Public Interest Corporations
Corporation

Outline of operations

Relation to JAEA

Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning
Science (CLADS)

Institute of Radiation
Measurements

Conducts activities necessary to improve the reliability of radiation measurement and uses the results of these
activities, and training and education on radiation measurement to contribute to and achieve the healthyadvancement of the development and use of nuclear energy and radiation, and the realization of a safe andsecure society.

Related public
interest
corporation

Japan Chemical Analysis Center

Conducts activities such as analysis and measurement of radioactive materials contained in environmental
materials, analysis and measurement of various other substances, related investigation and research tocontribute to the improvement of the health and safety of the Japanese people, and activities to contribute to
the promotion of academia, and science and technology.

Related public
interest
corporation

Radiation Application
Development Association

Promotes the application of radiation and conducts activities to contribute to and achieve the improvementof the lives of the Japanese people and the establishment of a sustainable society by promoting
dissemination of knowledge and technology related to the use of nuclear energy.

Related public
interest
corporation

959-31 Jorinji, Izumi-cho, Toki-shi,
Gifu 509-5102
Tel: +81-572-53-0211

Research Organization for
Information Science andTechnology (RIST)

Comprehensively propels investigation and collection of information on studies and technology development
pertaining to information science and technology, and information in the science and technology field, andactivities to contribute to and achieve the development of academia, and science and technology.

Related public
interest
corporation

Tsuruga Head Office432-2 Hokushin, Horonobe-cho,Teshio-gun, Hokkaido 098-3224
Tel: +81-1632-5-2022

400 Kitasekine, Sekine, Mutsu-shi,
Aomori 035-0022
Tel: +81-175-25-3311

Tono Geoscience Center

200

195.0

195.4

3,955

3,948

192.7

188.6

3,922

189.1

19F Fukoku Seimei Building,
2-2-2 Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 100-8577
Tel: +81-3-3592-2111

3,892

177.0

3,831

182.8

(persons)
5,000

3,741

3,683

195.4

195.4

6-2, 54 Nouma, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 914-0833
Tel: +81-770-20-0050

April 1, 2016 National
Institutes for Quantum
Science and Technology
launched

3,133

3,104

3,090

Nuclear Emergency Assistanceand Training Center (NEAT)(Fukui)

3,090

3,116

3,109

156.8

153.8

154.9

156.0

155.4

1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun,
Hyogo 679-5148
Tel: +81-791-58-0822

Headquarters

Ningyo-toge Environmental
Engineering Center

152.5

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016*

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022 (FY)

4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1194
Tel: +81-29-282-1111

28, Rue de Berri 75008
Paris, FRANCE
Tel: +33-1-42-60-31-01

1,000

October 1, 2005 Japan Atomic Energy Agency launched

Vienna Office

Basic Information

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

4002 Narita-cho, Oarai-machi,
Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-1393
Tel: +81-29-267-4141

11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo,
Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki 311-1206
Tel: +81-29-265-5111

State of Establishment of Important Facilities(1) Major facilities, etc. completed this fiscal year
・First building of the facility for analysis and research on radioactive materials (acquisition cost: 35,507 million yen)
(2) New construction or expansion of major facilities, etc. in progress this fiscal year
・Safety measures for nuclear facilities, etc.
・Establishment of research-base facilities toward decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station(3) Major facilities, etc. disposed of this fiscal year
・Sold Hyakuzukahara-danchi (land) (home) (acquisition price: 427 million yen, accumulated impairment loss: 251 million yen)

Oarai Research and Development
Institute

Nuclear Emergency Assistance andTraining Center (NEAT)* Decrease in staff and budget with launch of National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology

56

2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-282-5100

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories (NCL)
2,000

2005

Nuclear Science Research Institute

2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-282-5100

Paris Office0765-1 Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura,Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184
Tel: +81-29-282-1122

J-PARC Center

3,102

100

Fukushima Office
7F NBF Unix Building, 6-6 Sakae-machi,
Fukushima City, Fukushima 960-8031
Tel: +81-24-524-1060

3,000

148.8

8F Taira Central Building, 7-1 O-machi,
Taira, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima 970-8026
Tel: +81-246-35-7650

Harima SR Radioisotope
Laboratory

1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho,Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698
Tel: +81-868-44-2211

4,000

Iwaki Office

Foundation for Operation

4,078

300

209.4 200.4

Tokyo Office

2-1 Shiraki, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 919-1279
Tel: +81-770-39-1031

Number of staff as of ﬁscal year-end (Number of employees under age-limit system)

4,157

5 Kitahara, Ottozawa, Okuma-machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-1301
Tel: +81-246-35-7650

Prototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju

Transition in Number of Staff and Budget

4,248

Okuma Analysis and ResearchCenter

3 Myojin-cho, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 914-8510
Tel: +81-770-26-1221

KPMG AZSA LLC(Minamisoma)
45-169 Sukakeba, Kaibama, Haramachi-ku,
Minamisoma-shi, Fukushima 975-0036
Tel: +81-244-25-2072

1-22 Nakamaru, Yamadaoka, Naraha-machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-0513
Tel: +81-240-26-1040

Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center

Accounting Auditor(Miharu)
10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi, Tamura-gun,
Fukushima 963-7700
Tel: +81-247-61-2910

Naraha Center for Remote Control
Technology Development

65-20 Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi,
Fukui 914-8585
Tel: +81-770-23-3021

Detailed statements supplementary to JAEAʼs financial statements: https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese)

4,338

Aomori Research andDevelopment Center

Outcome of Operation

Related public
interest
corporation

Budget(¥ billion)
400(Tomioka)
790-1 Ohtsuka, Motooka, Tomioka- machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-1151
Tel: +81-240-21-3530

Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center

Mutual Aid Association for Japan
Atomic Energy Agency

Promotes the benefit and welfare of executive directors, staff and other employees of the Japan Atomic
Energy Agency (JAEA) and its full-time officers and employees and conducts activities to contribute to andachieve the advancement of JAEAʼs operations.

Leonard Bernsteinstrasse 8/2/34/7,
A-1220, Wien, AUSTRIA
Tel: +43-1-955-4012

Washington Office1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 240,
Washington, D.C. 20004, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-202-338-3770

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

57

Basic Information of JAEA
Policies for Operation

Other Information for Publication

Other Information for Publication

Reference sources of 2022 annual report

JAEA publicizes its activities through various media.

The relationship between the items contained in this report and the JAEA website are as indicated in the following.

• Information Disclosure

P.50• Management Principles and Conduct Standards

P.02• Efforts for Safety

P.07• Financial Information

P.35-36, 39• Medium-/Long-Term Objectives,
Operational Plan, Operational Results, Evaluation

P.31, 39, 54• Environmental Information

P.44• Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for
JAEA Facilities

P.43• International Strategy

P.20• Legislation, etc.

P.52

(in Japanese)

JAEA Channel

Twitter official account @JAEA_en

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/
jaea_channel/

Information on the activities of JAEA
such as R&D status.

Outcome of Operation[JAEA abstract]

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/

Social Network Services

JAEA Website[Introduction of JAEA]

Introducing JAEA activities throughvideo streaming services.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/outline.html (in Japanese)

JAEA Website

https://www.jaea.go.jp/ (in Japanese)[Procurement/Bidding Information]• Act on Promoting Green Procurement

P.46• Procurement Rationalization Plan

P.46

• Procurement/Contracting of products fromorganizations supporting persons with disabilities

P.46• Contract Monitoring Committee

P.46― Publicity Brochures ―Foundation for Operation

https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/ (in Japanese)

R&D results• The range of efforts to secure safety P.07
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/safety/ (in Japanese)• Accident-tolerant fuels (ATF) R&D and development
structure P.12
https://nsec.jaea.go.jp/ATFWS/ATFWS_2022s.html (in Japanese)• Launch a demonstration project for hydrogen production
by HTTR toward the Realization of Carbon Neutrality P.12
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22042202/ (in Japanese)• Cooperation to high-temperature gas-cooled reactor in
Poland P.12
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22112201/ (in Japanese)• Structural design and integrity evaluation of fast reactor
components P.13
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/sefard/randd/development/arcadia/
comprehensive/structure/equipment/ (in Japanese)

https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/mej/4/3/4_16-00558/_article/-char/en• Development of a system for whole-body dose assessment
in carbon ion radiotherapy P.14
https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22082501/ (in Japanese)

58

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

JAEA Pamphlets

https://www.jaea.go.jp/02/press2022/p22052003/ (in Japanese)“Genki” Future Vision“JAEA 2050+”― Dissemination of Scientific Achievements ―• Successful Visualization of Water Production and Discharge
Behavior in Automotive Fuel Cells with Pulsed Neutron
Beam P.15
http://j-parc.jp/c/press-release/2022/07/12000975.html (in Japanese)• Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation
and Nuclear Security P.19
https://www.jaea.go.jp/04/iscn/ (in Japanese)• Analysis of ALPS-treated water as third party P.21
https://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/okuma/alps/index.html (in Japanese)• Simulator of External Exposure Dose (SEED) P.22
https://clads.jaea.go.jp/jp/information/page/news_20220801.html (in Japanese)

Research Achievements

Technical Seeds Collections

Research and Development Reports• Integrated nuclear fuel cycle simulator P.23
https://nmb-code.jp/english• Examinations of Performance for Utilization of Radiation
Portal Monitors in Contamination Inspection for Motor
Vehicles in Nuclear Emergency P.29
https://jopss.jaea.go.jp/pdfdata/JAEA-Technology-2022-003.pdf(in Japanese)

Basic Information• Load and resistance factor design approach for seismic
buckling of fast reactor vessels P.13

• Demonstration of an innovative principle for selecting andrecovering elements in high-level radioactive liquid waste
using light P.15

Inquiries
An Inquiry Page is available on our website

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/query/

If you cannot find the inquiry page, please use the following Inquiry Form:
https://www.jaea.go.jp/query/form.html (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

59

JAEA at a Glance

Dissemination of R&D Achievements
Number ofPapers Published

1,258

Others237

Cooperation/Collaboration with Other Organizations

Oral Presentations

1,568

1,021

Number of JAEA Reports Published

71
10

174

134

15,080AwardsJapan Atomic Energy Agency

million yen

Domestic

40

Domestic Training Courses

233

participants

countries

12

Number of Cross-Appointment Researchers

Public Hearings and Public Relations Activities
Public Hearings and Public Relations Activities
Outreach Activities
Open Campus/Hosting ofIndividual Visitors

882
682

times

(Total)35,956
16,400participants(Total)times

participants

95
Basic Information

60

4

participants from

External Research Funds(Entrusted Research, etc.)

Awards fromAcademic Organizations

124

Foundation for Operation

New Patents (Domestic Only)

Number of
Entrusted Research Contracts

Awards from
the MEXT Minister724
25

Number of
Facility Sharing Contracts

299

International

International Training Courses

Indicators of R&D Activities
Number of
Joint Research Projects

Performance Information

Outcome of OperationPeer-Reviewed

Policies for Operation

Quantitative Analysis of the JAEA Achievements

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2023 (Business Report FY2022)

61