1. An outburst and FU Ori-type disk of a former low luminosity protostar, Mizna Ashraf, et al. (MNRAS)
2. An analysis of the turbulence in the central region of the Orion Nebula (M42) ‒ II. homogeneity and powerspectrum analyses, G. A. Anorve-Zeferino, et al. (MNRAS)
3. Outflows Driven from a Magnetic Pseudodisk, Shantanu Basu, et al. (ApJ)
4. Jets, Outflows, and Explosions in Massive Star Formation, John Bally (MULTIF2023)
5. VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab formed like a "Failed
Star”, William O. Balmer, GRAVITY Collaboration (ApJ)
6. The GRAVITY young stellar object survey: XI. Imaging the hot gas emission around the Herbig Ae star HD
58647 Y. -I. Bouarour, GRAVITY Collaboration (AAp)
7. Dust growth and evolution in protoplanetary disks, Tilman Birnstiel (Ann. Rev. Astron. and Astrophys.)
8. Dynamics of the Beta Pictoris planetary system and its falling evaporating bodies, H. Beust et al. (AAp)
9. Surveying the Giant HII Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA: VI. NGC 3603, James M. De Buizer et al. (ApJ)
10. Ammonia Observations of Planck Cold Cores, Dilda Berdikhan., et al. (AAp)
11. Formation of the Methyl Cation by Photochemistry in a Protoplanetary Disk, Olivier Berné et al. (Nature)
12. Hot Jupiter Formation in Dense Star Clusters Leonard, Benkendorff, et al. (MNRAS)
13. The GRAVITY young stellar object survey XII. The hot gas disk component in Herbig Ae/Be stars, R. Garcia,
GRAVITY Collaboration (AAp)
14. Young, wild and free: the early expansion of star clusters, Alessandro Della Croce, et al. (AAp)
15. Dynamics in Star-forming Cores (DiSCo): Project Overview and the First Look toward the B1 and NGC 1333
Regions in Perseus, Che-Yu Chen, et al. (MNRAS)

5. VLTI/GRAVITY Provides Evidence the Young, Substellar Companion HD 136164 Ab formed like a "Failed
Star”, William O. Balmer, GRAVITY Collaboration (ApJ)
若い⼩質量褐⾊矮星と早期型星ペア
q<0.01の「形成問題」
惑星形成の最⼤質量か最⼩質量の星になり損なった連星の伴星か？

HD136164Ab
年齢16Myr
VLTI/GRAVITY
Hipparcos-Gaia Catalog

IMFの軽い側に乗っている。
Atmospheric fit: M-dwarf à subsolar C/O ratio 0.45àdisk fragmentation
Z~3Z8
core accretion は除外される。

M~35±10 MJ (q~0.02)
e=0.44±0.03
a=22.5±1au

星の進化Greenbaum+ (2023)

MD = 81+14
12 MJ , 9.4 ± 1Gyr<latexit sha1_base64="pW6ZKrFlZ0mKyvhliF+lJExYLtM=">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</latexit>

low mass star

光度̶年齢関係 62±1MJ

planetBD

Franson & Bowler (2023)の図4
27+25
9 MJ , 24 ± 3Myr<latexit sha1_base64="6rDyTNxTzQKBIbwNgE7kyosVE/s=">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</latexit>

BD離⼼率 Bowler, Blunt, & Nielsen (2020)<latexit sha1_base64="sU9BOulGtpl3QMmmEGmXQbYkTbU=">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</latexit>

M2 /M1 < 0.01

M2 < 15MJ

HD136164A
A2V型 Upper-Cen-Lup アソシエーション
D=122pc, τ=16±2Myr, M*=1.7±0.1M8
Gaia Renormalised Unit Weight Error (RUWE)=1.053
a proper motion anomaly (PMa) between thelong-term proper motion vector and the GDR2
(or HIPPARCOS) measurements,èindicative of the presence of a perturbing
companion<latexit sha1_base64="D4fj7Chbim7u1hMUMfwwFNqEWvw=">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</latexit>

M2 = 15 75MJ
0.01 < M2 /M1 < 0.2<latexit sha1_base64="nCd9zYS7AI9HNuvHfvyAX24yGRY=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="mksyA4c8R6kVwpyIhqteBRl8iSo=">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</latexit>

low mass/low mass ratio/low eccentricity VLTI GRAVITY
è planetary formation channel
5 µas 伴星の相対位置天⽂
è core accretion/ disk instability+K band spectral information
moderate mass / lower eccentricity
SPHERE観測èdisk instability
ヒッパルコス＋Gaia主星の絶higher mass / high eccentricity
対位置天⽂ècore instability (failed binary)e = 0.44 ± 0.03
M2 = 35 ± 10MJ
Te↵ = 2640K
log g = 4.35
RP = 1.9RJ<latexit sha1_base64="muPXeITGj7Tfrext7xRKfAJFpAw=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="I03xDnk5bJ/1L96cwbajzwfs4qU=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="HtCYP68m4RnRUowvoxoNfTXC5Eo=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="QCBT7HO7FNHz7kFIs1HTRUiP4bQ=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="3Q2UA7EnIpULpWmg2t9e3GI5rTE=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="vtHoe9eXNJ9zxm1u2GSu/T8M8cY=">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</latexit>[Fe/H]=0/39
C/O=0.45

log L/L = 2.8⌧age = 16 ± 2Myrq = 0.018 ± 0.005<latexit sha1_base64="daikIdPA1AScrW7QozhiBcGmhr8=">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</latexit><latexit sha1_base64="Cu7N/0xUeUfph5/MgdlWnvkJHP4=">AAACdXichVHLLgRBFD3T3uPV2EhEMjGI1bgtHhOJZMLG0gyDBJl0txo6+qW7ZxImfsAPWLAhQcRn2PgBC58gliQ2Fm73dCIIbqfrnjp1z61TVZprGn5A9JiQGhqbmlta25LtHZ1d3XJP76rvVDxdFHXHdLx1TfWFadiiGBiBKdZdT6iWZoo1bW8hXF+rCs83HHslOHDFlqXu2EbZ0NWAqZIs789RhpTspmulGNBUSU6HOYzUT6DEII04lhz5GpvYhgMdFVgQsBEwNqHC528DCgguc1uoMecxMqJ1gSMkWVvhKsEVKrN7PO7wbCNmbZ6HPf1IrfMuJv8eK1MYoQe6oRe6p1t6ovdfe9WiHqGXA85aXSvcUvdx//LbvyqLc4DdT9WfngOUkY28GuzdjZjwFHpdXz08eVmeLYzURumCntn/OT3SHZ/Arr7ql3lROEWSH0D5ft0/wepERpnOTOcn07n5+ClaMYAhjPF9zyCHRSyhyPtWcYZLXCXepEFpWBqtl0qJWNOHLyGNfwDENY5D</latexit>

cloudless ATMO equilibrium
chemistry self-consistent model,

the youngest substellar companion
with a dynamical mass estimate.
We rule out formation via core accretion
eがこんなに⼤きいから？

11. Formation of the Methyl Cation by Photochemistry in a Protoplanetary Disk, Olivier Berné et al. (Nature)
2023/Sept
protoplanetary disk d203-506
Orion bar D=414pc
0.25 pc from Trapezium stars
r~100au, Md~10MJup, flared disk
M*=0.2±0.1M8

the emission of vibrationally and rotationally excited H2 and CH+, and fine-structure emission of Oxygen ([OI])
and ionized iron ([FeII]).
The molecular emission arises from a hot (Tgas ~ 1000 K) and dense (nH > 105 cm−3) wind that is produced byphotoevaporation from the disk due to irradiation by far-UV photons (FUV; 6<E<13.6 eV) from theTrapezium stars.
The [FeII] image shows the emission associated with a collimated jet.
通常の原始惑星系円盤ではH2O,CO2のダストへのfreeze-outにより、HCN,CH4,C2H2,…

JWST MIRI-MRS 分光器

ONafter subtraction
out-of-plane (ν +2)
and in-plane (ν +4)
bending modes of
the cation

originC++H2àCH2+hn very slow
C++H2(v=0)àCH++H 吸熱反応 kBT<<ΔE
C++H2*(v>0) 光励起àCH+àCH2+àCH3+
n2/n4 vibration CH3+

CH3+を通じた有機分⼦形成nH>~105cm-3, G0>104

発熱反応

Ntot=(5.4±3.2)x1011cm-2
Trot=660±80 K
cf TH2=923±48K
P. Bryan Changala+ A&A, 680, A19 (2023)

14: Young, wild and free: the early expansion of star clusters, Alessandro Della Croce, et al. (AAp)

星団の若い時期の動径⽅向の膨張をGaia DR3データで調べた。
結果：~30Myrより年齢の若い星団は~80％膨張が⾒られる。
中⼼からの距離とともに速度が増す。
N体との⽐較で、膨張パターンはviolent relaxation中のvirial平衡へ進化中のシステムと考えられる。
恒星の進化に伴う系からのガスの放出などが膨張に効いていると考えられる。
Gaia DR2 をつかった星団カタログから年齢<300Myrの 1179個/2017個
Gaia DR3データG＜18magでl、b、固有運動（μ α、μ δ)、年周視差
5次元空間でクラスター解析$<latexit sha1_base64="H6Ln8RvuBMtQkp1L4MfVmYKt2Fw=">AAACanichVHLLgRBFD3TXmM8ZrAhNhODWE2qRRCrCRtLr3kkQybdrVDRr3TXdMLED9hZSViRiIjPsPEDFj5B2JHYWLjd04kwwa1U1alT99w6VaW7pvAlY48Jpa29o7Mr2Z3q6e3rT2cGBku+U/cMXjQc0/EquuZzU9i8KIU0ecX1uGbpJi/r+0vhfjngni8ce0MeuHzL0nZtsSMMTRJV3gw0zxWpWibH8iyKbCtQY5BDHCtO5hqb2IYDA3VY4LAhCZvQ4FOrQgWDS9wWGsR5hES0z3GEFGnrlMUpQyN2n8ZdWlVj1qZ1WNOP1AadYlL3SJnFBHtgN+yV3bNb9sQ+fq3ViGqEXg5o1pta7tbSx8Pr7/+qLJol9r5Uf3qW2MF85FWQdzdiwlsYTX1wePq6vrA20Zhkl+yZ/F+wR3ZHN7CDN+Nqla+dI/wA9edzt4LSdF6dzc+uzuQKi/FXJDGKMUzRe8+hgGWsoBi5O8EZzhMvyqAyoow2U5VErBnCt1DGPwEDL4xP</latexit>

固有運動

背景星

⾊等級図

視差

この範囲の星を源サンプル
膨張

膨張

126Myr5Myr
m=0.26Myr-1
⾮膨張

21Myr

m=-0.01Myr-1

m=0.05Myr-1
⾮膨張145Myrm=0.01Myr-1

年齢分布

Obs

初期収縮

N体シミュ
レーション
平衡？
膨張

H:⼀様分布F:フラクタル分布
thus suggesting that violent relaxation can play a key rolein triggering and driving early cluster expansion.

3. Outflows Driven from a Magnetic Pseudodisk, Shantanu Basu, et al. (ApJ)

disk

26kyr
0.33M8disk
pseudo-disk

pseudo-disk

1. An outburst and FU Ori-type disk of a former low luminosity protostar, Mizna Ashraf, et al. (MNRAS)

2. An analysis of the turbulence in the central region of the Orion Nebula (M42) ‒ II. homogeneity andpower-spectrum analyses, G. A. Anorve-Zeferino, et al. (MNRAS)

6. The GRAVITY young stellar object survey: XI. Imaging the hot gas emission around the Herbig Ae star
HD 58647 Y. -I. Bouarour, GRAVITY Collaboration (AAp)7. Dust growth and evolution in protoplanetary disks, Tilman Birnstiel

8. Dynamics of the Beta Pictoris planetary system and its falling evaporating bodies, H. Beust et al. (AAp)9. Surveying the Giant HII Regions of the Milky Way with SOFIA: VI. NGC 3603, James M. De Buizer et al. (ApJ)10. Ammonia Observations of Planck Cold Cores, Dilda Berdikhan., et al. (AAp)12. Hot Jupiter Formation in Dense Star Clusters Leonard, Benkendorff, et al. (MNRAS)

13. The GRAVITY young stellar object survey XII. The hot gas disk component in Herbig Ae/Be stars, R.
Garcia, GRAVITY Collaboration (AAp)15. Dynamics in Star-forming Cores (DiSCo): Project Overview and the First Look toward theB1 and NGC 1333 Regions in Perseus, Che-Yu Chen, et al. (MNRAS)