஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ືኚ໬̿୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᚑᴗဨ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦஫ࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚̿᯽ᮌ ⌮ెᇛすᅜ㝿኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔 ᅜ㝿࢔ࢻ࣑ࢽࢫࢺ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ◊✲⛉Behavioral Change of Business Succession by Transformative Leadership-%ased on questioner about mutual influence employee and leader in SEMRika KASHIWAGI
Jyosai International University

It is important that small and medium-sized enterprise (SME)’s company owner’s leadership and human resource
management such as nurture of a successor and successor development as the number of bankruptcies is increasing
due to the shortage of successors. If the SME’s company owner has kept his qualities and concentrate for the company's
performance and increase profit, then employee’s keep respect for the owner and may wish to take over the owner’sbusiness when the owner wishes to retire. When the companies are faced with a serious problem, transformational typeof leaders are more likely to recover profit and to reform and promoting business performance. On the other hand,when the company is well organized and good performance with increase profit, transformational type of leaders areeasy to change their attitude and may easy to do illegal transaction rather than other types of leaders. The purpose ofthis paper is to clarify that the reasons why the transformative type of leaders would change their attitude and also toclarify that the timing of when he need to change his attitude by the result of questionnaires to SME’s owners aboutmutual influence employee and leader by using analyzed leadership theory.
.H\ZRUGVSmall and medium-sized enterprises, Business succession, Leadership theory, Organization Culture࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸸୰ᑠ௻ᴗࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽࠊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬Ϩ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮾிၟᕤࣜࢧ࣮ࢳࡢࠕఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓ௻ᴗࠖືྥㄪᰝ(2019 ᖺ)࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓࡍࡿ௻ᴗࡢ࠺ࡕ 61.4㸣
ࡣᙜᮇ⣧฼┈ࡀ㯮Ꮠ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᗫᴗࡢ⌮⏤ࡣࠊ㧗㱋໬࡟ࡼࡿ♫㛗ࡸᙺဨࡢṚஸࠊ⑓Ẽࠊධ㝔࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿࠕᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࠖࡀ᭱ࡶከࡃࠊḟ࡟♫ဨࡢ⊂❧ࡸ㌿⫋࡛㏥⫋ࠊ஦ᴗ⥅⥆࡟ᨭ㞀ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠕேᮦ୙㊊ࠖࡀ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡣ඲యࡢ 99.7㸣௨ୖࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ 85㸣ࡀᑠつᶍ௻ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ1999 ᖺ௨㝆ࡣ୰つ
ᶍᩘࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗᩘࡣῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ≉࡟ 2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2016 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚኱௻ᴗࡣ㸯୓♫࠿ࡽ 47 ♫ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୰࡛ࠊ୰つᶍ௻ᴗᩘࡣ 53 ୓♫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ୓♫ῶᑡࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗᩘࡣ 305 ୓♫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 20 ୓♫ࡶῶᑡࡍࡿ࡞࡝ᑠつᶍ஦ᴗ⪅ᩘࡢῶᑡࡀ┠❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
*E-mail: kashiwagirika2016@gmail.com
93᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌ᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ࡜ࡾࢃࡅࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪ࡀᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࡿࠕྠ᪘ᢎ⥅ࠖࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
࠶ࡿࠋ2017 ᖺ௨㝆࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ࡢ⣙ 3 ୓ 4000 ♫ࡢ࠺ࡕྠ᪘ࡀᢎ⥅ࡋࡓ๭ྜࡣ඲యࡢ 34.9㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ2017 ᖺࡼࡾ 6.7 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺపୗࠊ2018 ᖺࡼࡾ 4.7 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ྠ᪘࡟ࡼࡿᚋ⥅⪅ࡀῶᑡࡍࡿ୰࡛ࠊ
ࠕෆ㒊᪼᱁ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ࡣ඲యࡢ 33.4㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2018 ᖺ࠿ࡽ
1.8 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ 50 ௦ࡸ 60 ௦ࡢᖿ㒊ேᮦࡀෆ㒊᪼᱁ࡋ♫㛗࡟ᑵ௵ࡍࡿ౛ࡀቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓࠊෆ㒊⪅࡛࡞ࡃ♫እࡢ⛯⌮ኈ࡞࡝ࡢࠕ➨୕⪅࡟ࡼࡿ⥅ᢎࠖࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2019 ᖺࡣ 8.5㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
2018 ᖺࡢ 7.4㸣࠿ࡽ 1.1 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺୖ᪼ࡋࡓࠋ
ᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡣ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗ᡓ␎࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ≉࡟ࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪ࡢ⫱ᡂࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇែࡶࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࠿ࡽᢕᥱ
࡛ࡁࡓࠋࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪࡜ാࡃࡇ࡜࡛௚ࡢᚑᴗဨࡀ⮬㌟ࡢ᪼㐍ࢆㅉࡵࠊ௙஦࡬ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀୗࡀࡗࡓࠖ
࡞࡝ᐇ⦼ࡢ࡞࠸⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪ࡀධ♫ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ᚑᴗဨࡢຠ⋡ࢆୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺౛ࡸ୰㛫⟶⌮⫋ࡣࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᜥᏊ࡟ࡣẼࢆ౑࠺࠿ࡽ௚ࡢᚋ㍮ࡢᚑᴗဨ࡜ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡟ྏࡗ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝⤒㦂
୙㊊ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᏊ౪࡜௚ࡢⱝᡭࡢᚑᴗဨࢆྠ➼࡟ᩍ⫱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆၥ㢟どࡍࡿᅇ⟅ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௚᪉ࠊఏ⤫ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟࡜᪂ࡋ࠸ឤぬࡢⱝ࠸Ꮚ౪࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶពぢࡢ㐪࠸࠿ࡽ☜ᇳࡀ࡛ࡁᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸౛ࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟Ꮚ౪ࡀᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࡿ࡜Ỵ᩿ࡋࡓᚋࡶࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ࢩࢵࣉࡀ࠶ࡾᨵ㠉ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ๰ᴗ⪅࡛࠶ࡿぶ࡜ẚ㍑ࡉࢀ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠖࠕぶࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡍࡂ
ࡿࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢᚋ⥅⪅ࡣྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶ࡎࠊຎ➼ឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡀ῝้໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡸ◊ಟࡀຠᯝⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡣ᪥ᮏ⊂≉ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᚑᴗဨ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶ࠶ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊྠ᫬࡟
⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡢᛶ㉁ࡸ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࠊ≉ᚩ࡞࡝࡟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟ከ࠸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ࡣࠊ୙⚈஦Ⓨ⏕᫬ᮇࡸ୙ἣ᫬࡞࡝㠀᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ௚ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡼࡾࡶᨵ㠉ࢆ㉳ࡇࡋ௻ᴗᡂ㛗ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᖖࢆྲྀࡾᡠࡋᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ㛫㐪ࡗࡓ⾜ື࡟ࡼࡾ⤌⧊ࢆṍࡵ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᚑ᮶ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡟኱ࡁࡃ㈉⊩ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃ
ࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ⤒㐣ࡍࡿ࡜฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ௻ᴗᡂ㛗ࡢࡓࡵࡢேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟඘ศ࡟㈨※ࢆ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ࡀ⮬ᕫ୰ᚰⓗ࡟࡞ࡾ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀຊࡋ㐨ᚨほࡢព㆑ࡀḞዴࡋࡓሙྜࠊᑛᩗࡉࢀࡎᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ࠶ࡽࢃࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊࡲࡓࠊ୙ṇࢆ⾜࠺ࣜࢫࢡࡶቑ࠼ࡿࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ᫬ᮇࡀ㐣ࡂࡿ࡜ࠊᚑ᮶ࡢ౯್ほࡀኚ໬ࡋ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ࡞࡝㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ࡀṍࡳࠊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ
࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢㄪᰝ࡟ࡣࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືࡢኚ໬ࡸཎᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࠊ
ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⌮ㄽⓗయ⣔࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࡑࡢせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋϩ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࡓࡵࡢ 0 $ ᨻ⟇࡜ၥ㢟Ⅼᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡀ㐍ࡲࡎᚋ⥅⪅ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸≧ែࡢࡲࡲ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋໬ࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ2019 ᖺ࡟ᗫᴗࡋࡓ௻
ᴗࡢ࠺ࡕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ 80 ௦௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ඲యࡢ 16.9㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡢࡣ 70 ௦࡛ 39㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠾
ࡾࠊḟ࠸࡛ 60 ௦ࡣ 27.5㸣࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ60 ௦௨ୖࡀ඲యࡢ 83.5㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ60 ௦ࡢᵓᡂẚ⋡ࡣ๓ᖺࡼࡾ 1.5 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺపୗࡋࡓࡀࠊ70 ௦௨ୖࡣ 1.2 ࣏࢖ࣥࢺቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋໬࡞࡝ࡀཎᅉ࡛୰ᑠ௻ᴗᩘࡢῶᑡࡀ⥆ࡃ࡜ࠊ2025 ᖺ㡭ࡲ࡛࡟᭱኱⣙ 650 ୓ேࡢ㞠⏝࡜⣙ 2294

᪥ᮏ㈠᫆Ꮫ఍◊✲ㄽᩥ㻌 ➨ 㻝㻜 ྕ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻔㻵㻿㻿㻺㻌㻞㻝㻤㻢㻙㻣㻡㻣㻣㻕㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㻭㻲㼀㻮㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻝㻜㻚㻘㻞㻜㻞㻝㻚㻌඙෇ศࡢ GDP㸦ᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘㸧ࡀ႙ኻࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࡢヨ⟬ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࡣ 2019 ᖺࡢࠕ➨୕⪅ᢎ⥅ᨭ᥼⥲ྜࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠊ౯್࠶ࡿ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᗫᴗ࡟ṑṆࡵࡀ࠿࠿ࡽࡎࠊᆅᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
㞠⏝ࡸᢏ⾡ࡀኻࢃࢀࡿᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜༴ᶵឤࢆ♧ࡋࠊ2025 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟㯮Ꮠᗫᴗࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ⣙ 60 ୓♫ࡢ➨୕⪅ᢎ⥅ࢆಁࡍ┠ᶆࢆᥖࡆࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࡀ 2015 ᖺ⟇ᐃࡢࠕ஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ඲㠃ᨵゞࡋࠊࠕ୰ᑠ M&A ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ⟇ᐃࡋࡓࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࡀ⟇ᐃࡋࡓ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ 5 ࢝ᖺィ⏬࡟ࡼࡾࠊ඲ᅜ࡟஦ᴗᢎ
⥅ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡ࡜ࡋ࡚஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋ஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀẼ㍍࡟ゼၥࡋ฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ᡭᩘᩱࢆ↓ᩱ࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࢆ᥈ࡋࡓ࠸௻ᴗഃ࡜㈙཰ࡋࡓ࠸ഃࢆᘬࡁྜࢃ
ࡏࡿ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢ M&A ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ᴗᘬ⥅ࡂᨭ᥼ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡛ࡣእ㒊ࡢ⛯⌮ኈࡸၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤ࡞࡝ࡀᑐᛂ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚑ᮶ࡣ㧗㱋ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ௚ே࡟⮬ศࡢ௻ᴗࢆᘬࡁ⥅࠸࡛ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㌋㌉ࡍࡿഴྥࡶ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵࠊ㠃㆑ࡢ࠶ࡿၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤࡀ௰௓࡟ධࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚋ⥅⪅᥈ࡋࡀᮏ᱁໬ࡋࠊࡲࡓ⮬㌟ࡢ⤒Ⴀ≧ἣࡸᑗ᮶ᛶࢆᐈほどࡋࠊ෭㟼࡞ุ᩿ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊᚑ᮶ࡢྠࡌ஦ᴗࢆᏑ⥆ࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣᡂ㛗ᛶࡀప࠸ࡓࡵࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡀ᪂ࡋࡃࢳ
ࣕࣞࣥࢪࡍࡿ᪂つᢞ㈨࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ 2017 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2020 ᖺࡲ࡛஦ᴗᢎ⥅⿵ຓ㔠ไᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚⿵ຓ㔠ࢆ⤥௜ࡍࡿ࡞࡝
ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ 2019 ᖺ࡟඲ᅜ࡛ఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓࡋࡓ௻ᴗࡣ 4 ୓ 3348 ௳࡛๓ᖺẚ 7.2㸣ῶᑡ࡜ࠊ2ᖺࡪࡾ࡟ῶᑡࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓࠊ2019 ᖺࡢᚋ⥅⪅୙ᅾ⋡㸦඲ᅜ࣭඲ᴗ✀㸧ࡣ ඲యࡢ 65.2㸣࡜࡞ࡾࠊ2018 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1.2
࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ⱝᖸపୗࡋࡓࠋᨻᗓࡢᢎ⥅ᨭ᥼ᨻ⟇ࡀᆅᇦ࡜୍య࡜࡞ࡾ㐍ࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᗫᴗࡢᢚ
ไ࡟ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀᡂᯝࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ➹⪅ࡢࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࠿ࡽࡣከࡃࡢㄢ㢟ࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡎࠊ஦ᴗᢎ⥅᫬࡟ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಖドࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋ⥅⪅ೃ⿵࡟ࡣ㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚋ⥅⪅࡟࡞ࢁ࠺࡜௻
ᴗෆࡢ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨࡀỴ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᐙ᪘ࡀ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಖド࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࣜࢫࢡࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮⏤࡟཯ᑐࡍࡿ౛ࡶ࠶
ࡿࠋᨻᗓࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅ಖドࡢゎ㝖ࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࠊ ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ඲ᅜಙ⏝ಖド༠఍㐃ྜ఍ࠕ஦ᴗᢎ⥅≉ูಖドไᗘࠖࢆ᪂タࡋࡓࠋၟᕤ୰㔠࡞࡝ᨻᗓ⣔㔠⼥ᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㈨⏘㉸㐣࡞࡝୍ᐃࡢ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍ௻ᴗ࡟ࡣཎ๎↓ൾ໬ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛᪂つ⼥㈨⪅ࡣᚤቑࡋࡓࡀࠊᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀฟ᮶࡞࠸௻ᴗࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊពᛮỴᐃࡢ㐜ࢀ࡟ࡼࡾ஦ᴗᢎ⥅ࡀࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟࠸࠿ࡎࠊᗫᴗࡍࡿ
౛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ຍ࠼࡚ࠊᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡀゎỴࡉࢀ࡞࠸⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡜ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟㞟୰ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᶒ㝈ࡢಖᣢࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢᣑ኱࡞࡝౯್ほࡢኚ໬࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⾜ືࡀኚ໬ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀᚋ⥅⪅᥈ࡋ࡟ࡶᝏᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ౛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟ከ࠸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣࠊ㠀᪥ᖖⓗ࡞ሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ௻ᴗࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࠊᡂ㛗᫬ᮇࡀᣢ⥆໬ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ௚ࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡼࡾࡶពᛮỴᐃࣉࣟࢭࢫཬࡧ㐺ṇ࡞⤌⧊࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ỵ᩿ࡀṍࡳጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ Burns(1978)࡞࡝ࡢ
◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡀ㉳ࡇࡿ᫬ᮇࡣࠊᴗ⦼ಁ㐍᫬࡞ࡢ࠿ᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡞
ࡢ࠿ࠊࡑࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤࠊ௻ᴗࡣ஦๓࡟ᑐ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᶒ㝈ࢆ㸯ே࡟㞟୰ࡉࡏࡎศᩓ໬ࡋ㈐௵ࢆ⣽ศ໬ࡋࡓࡾࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࢆ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠿ࡽ㐍ࡵࡿ࡞࡝ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⮬ᕫ୰ᚰⓗ࡞ពᛮỴᐃࢆ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ᾐ㏱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᢚไ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᚑࡗ࡚ᮏ✏ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࠊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡬ࡢᾐ㏱࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ
ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࠊ≉࡟ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡛࠶ࡿᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࠊࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࢆᇶ┙࡟ᵓ㐀ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ95᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌Ϫ ඛ⾜◊✲㸯 ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺ࡛ពᛮỴᐃ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ኱௻ᴗ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡣ⤌⧊ࡶᑠࡉࡃᚑᴗဨࡶᑡ࡞࠸ࡓ
ࡵࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐙ᪘ࡄࡿࡳࡢ
௜ࡁྜ࠸ࡀከࡃࠊ᥇⏝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶ῝ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ≉࡟஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ேᮦ⫱ᡂࠊᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࡣ㟂せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊᚋ⥅⪅㑅ࡧ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᴗ⦼࡬
ࡢ㈉⊩ࡼࡾࡶே㛫㛵ಀࡸே⬦࡟ࡼࡾ㑅ࡪ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡶከ࠸ࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢᮏ㉁ࡣࠊHeifets(1994)࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡞ព㆑ࡢኚ໬ࢆಁࡍ⾜Ⅽ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊᐃ
ᮇⓗᴗົ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⏕⏘ᛶࠊ⬟⋡ࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀࠊ㠀ᐃᮇᴗົ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡜ࡋ࡚
1970 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟⛣⾜ࡋࡓࠋኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣᨻ἞Ꮫ⪅ࡢ Burns(1978)࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛ࠊ஺᥮ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ᑐẚࡉࢀࡓࠋᴗ⦼୺⩏ࡢሗ㓘࡜஺᥮ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ஺᥮ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜␗࡞ࡾኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ
ᨵ㠉࡟ࡼࡾࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀࡼࡾ㧗࠸㢪ᮃࡸ⬟ຊࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋఏ⤫ⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣᚑᴗဨ
ࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢືᶵ௜ࡅࠊ‶㊊ᗘࠊᴗ⦼࡞࡝࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ㆟ㄽࡢ୰ᚰࡔࡗࡓࡀࠊBass(1985)௨㝆ࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ◊✲࡛ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ౯್࡞࡝ࡢኚ㠉ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡓࠋኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊBurns(1978)ࡸ House(1977)ࠊBass(1985)࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡓ୕ḟඖࣔࢹࣝ࠿ࡽ Bass
& Avolio(1995)ࡢᅄḟඖ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸯㸧⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ 㸰㸧ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ 㸱㸧ᙺ๭ࣔࢹࣝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢάᛶ໬ 㸲㸧ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿ
ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㸯㸧ࡢࠕ⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶࠖࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢ┠ᶆ࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙜ஦⪅ព㆑ࡀ⤖ࡧ௜ࡃࡼ࠺ಁࡋࠊ
ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᕼᮃࠊ㢪ᮃ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ⊩㌟ⓗ࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡋ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࢆぢࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢព㆑ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰㸧ࡢࠕ㰘⯙ࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅࠖࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ⬟ຊ௨ୖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࿘▱ࡋࠊࡑࡢぢᮏ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮⮬㌟ࡶ⮬ࡽ⋡ඛࡋ࡚ᐇ⾜ࡋぢ⩦ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ
ࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ᣮᡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂☜໬ࡋࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᮇᚅឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࠶ࡆࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⾲㸯 Bass & Avolio(1995)࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ື≉ᛶ㸯 ⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ

௻ᴗ┠ᶆ࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ᙜ஦⪅ࡢព㆑ࡀ⤖ࡧ௜ࡃࡼ࠺ಁࡍࠋ
ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟⊩㌟ⓗ࡛⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᕼ
ᮃࠊ㢪ᮃ࡟࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࠋ㸰 㰘⯙ࡍࡿືᶵ௜ࡅ

ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟⬟ຊ௨ୖࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⛎ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࿘▱ࠋᣮᡓㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂☜ࠊᮇᚅឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ⾜ືࡢព࿡ࢆఏ࠼ࠊࣇ
࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢດຊࡢᶍ⠊ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ㸱 ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ኚ໬࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᛮ⪃ἲࢆ๰㐀ࡋࠊㄢ㢟࣭ၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐪࠺
どⅬ࡛ࡢ඲యീࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࠋ㸲 ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖ಶูࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛗ᡤ࡜▷ᡤࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚௙஦ࢆ⪃࠼࡚๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡿࠋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᖾ⚟࡟㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡍࠋฟᡤ㸸Bass & Avolio(1995)࡞࡝ࡢ◊✲ࢆඖ࡟➹⪅ࡀసᡂࠋ96

᪥ᮏ㈠᫆Ꮫ఍◊✲ㄽᩥ㻌 ➨ 㻝㻜 ྕ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻔㻵㻿㻿㻺㻌㻞㻝㻤㻢㻙㻣㻡㻣㻣㻕㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㻭㻲㼀㻮㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻝㻜㻚㻘㻞㻜㻞㻝㻚㻌ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡣࠊᣮᡓㄢ㢟ࡢ᫂グ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚⾜ືࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ព࿡ࢆఏ࠼ࠊࡲࡓࠊࡑࡢ
⾜ື࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ⋡ඛࡋ࡚ぢࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ດຊࡍࡿព࿡࡜౯್ࢆ⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸱㸧ࡢࠕゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ࠖࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡀ୙⚈஦࡟㝗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡸᴗ⦼ᝏ໬᫬࡞࡝ࡢ༴ᶵⓗ≧ἣࡢ᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸࢔࢖ࢹ࢔࡞࡝ᑐᛂࡍࡿᛮ⪃ἲࢆ๰㐀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࠊゎỴࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ㄢ㢟ࡸၥ㢟Ⅼ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡜ࡣ㐪࠺どⅬ࡛ࡢ඲యീࢆ๰㐀ࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸲㸧ࡢࠕࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖ࠖࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣࠊಶูࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛗ᡤ࡜▷ᡤࢆᢕᥱࡋࠊ⬟ຊ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚௙஦ࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࠊ㐺ᛶ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹ࡋࡸࡍࡃࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᖾ⚟࡟㛵ᚰࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢຠ⏝ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ௚᪉ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ+RXVH  ࡣࠊ≧ἣ࡟ኚ໬ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ༴ᶵⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓ᫬࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊ&RQJHU .DQXQJR  ࡣࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ື ᐃᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࠊ
ศᯒࡋࠊ⌧≧ࢆྰᐃࡋ᪂┠ᶆࢆᥦ♧ࠊᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢព㆑࡟ᙉࡃാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿࡢࢆ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜ
ࢲ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ:HEHU  ࡞࡝ࡢ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࠊ⤌⧊ࡀ༴ᶵⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟㝗ࡗࡓ㠀ᖖ᫬࡟㧗࠸⬟ຊࡢⓎ᥹ࢆࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡣ୙ἣ᫬࡞࡝ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ᙉ࠸ᜍᛧࡸ୙Ᏻឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ᨵ㠉ࢆồࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ
࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊᙧᘧⓗ࡞つᐃ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠕྜ⌮ⓗᨭ㓄ࠖࠊ⛛ᗎ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ᫇࠿ࡽᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠕఏ⤫ⓗᨭ㓄ࠖࠊ≉ู࡞ᡯ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࿘ᅖࡀᢎㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡿࠕ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ⓗᨭ㓄ࠖࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬
ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᇶ┙࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
 +RXVH 6KDPLU  ࡞࡝ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢඹ㏻Ⅼࢆከࡃᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀከ࠸ࠋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢព㆑ࡸែᗘࢆኚᐜࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛵ᚰࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢඹ㏻Ⅼ࠿ࡽ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵ
ࣉࡣኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜ྠ⩏࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
 .DUN 6KDPLU  ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫᴫᛕࡢኚᐜࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ
⾜ື࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡣࣉࣟࢭࢫࡀ㔜せ࡜ᣦ᦬ࠊ/RDG%URZQ )ULEHUJ  ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ
࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫᴫᛕࢆ㸯㸧ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ⮬㌟ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ಶேⓗࣞ࣋ࣝ 㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙺ๭ 㸱㸧㞟ᅋ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢ୍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚⮬ࡽࢆ࡝࠺࡜ࡽ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㞟ᅋࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢಶேⓗࠊ㞟ᅋⓗ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿ࡜⮬ᕫຠຊឤࠊ⮬ᑛᚰࠊάຊࠊ᭷
ព࿡ឤࡀಁࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ'YLU(GHQ$YROLR 6KDPLU  ࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ
◊ಟࢆཷࡅࡓேࡣཷࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ேࡼࡾ⮬ᕫຠຊឤࠊ㞟ᅋᚿྥࠊດຊࠊᢈุⓗᛮ⪃ࡀඃ఩࡟࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉ࠊ▼ᕝ㸦2009㸧ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡࡀ࠶ࡾࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫࡀ
㧗࠸᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢ◊✲㛤Ⓨ࡞࡝๰㐀ᛶࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ㒊⨫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢳ࣮࣒ࡢࢥࣥࢭࣥࢧࢫ⥔ᣢࡢつ⠊ࢆ㧗ࡵ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊPrice(2003)ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢືᶵࡣ౯್ほ࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽ฼௚ⓗ࠿฼ᕫⓗ࠿࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࠊࡑࡢุ᩿ࡣࡑࡢ౯್ほ࡟୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡛Ỵࡲࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࡔ
ࡅࢆ㏣ồࡍࡿ᏶඲฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほࡔࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡞࡝࿘ᅖࡢ≧ἣ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ
⾲㸰 Price ࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┿࡜ഇࡢ஧ඖⓗᯟ⤌ࡳ฼௚ⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮

฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮౯್ほࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡛⾜ືࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡞᏶඲฼௚ⓗ࡞ࣜ ୍㈏ࡋ࡚᭱ึ࠿ࡽ⮬ᕫ฼┈ࡔࡅࢆ㏣ồࡋ౯್ほࡶ࣮ࢲ࣮฼ᕫⓗ࡞᏶඲฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮

⾜ືࡣ฼ᕫⓗࡔࡀࠊ᏶඲࡟฼ᕫⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ౯್ほ ᮏ᮶ࠊ฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほࡔࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡞࡝࿘ᅖࡢ≧ࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮

ἣ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ฟᡤ㸸Price(2003)࡜᪥㔝㸦2004㸧ࢆඖ࡟➹⪅సᡂࠋ97᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌㡪࡟ࡼࡾ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟ศࡅࡓࠋ㸰 ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪኱௻ᴗ࡟ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜つᶍࡶᑠࡉ࠸୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ≉࡟୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡜ࡑࡢᐇែࡢゎ᫂ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢෆᐜࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟ࡼࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ
࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋᚋ⥅⪅ࡢᩍ⫱ࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ௻ᴗࡸ⤌⧊ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮⮬㌟ࡢሗ㓘ࠊ᫬㛫ࠊປຊ࡞࡝ࢆ≛≅࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽᨭᣢࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ⾜ື࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࢆ㍍どࡋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ
ᮃࡴࡶࡢࢆᚓࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ฼௚ⓗ࡞⾜Ⅽ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᙉ࠸ᅽຊ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ຊ࡜฼ᕫⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟ࡼ
ࡿࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠋChoi and Mai-Dalton㸦1999㸧ࡣࠊ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ࡞࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ
ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⾜ືࡢ࣮ࣟࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ9DQ.QLSSHQEHUJ, B., & 9DQ.QLSSHQEHUJ, D. ()ࡣࠊ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ࡞ࣞ࣋ࣝࡣ⏕⏘ᛶࡢỈ‽ࡸຠ⋡ᛶࡢホ౯ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ࡞࡝࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ୰ᚰ࡛ࠊࣇ
࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡸࡑࡢලయⓗ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉࠊࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡾ⾜ືኚ໬ࢆ㉳ࡇࡍ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡲࡾࡳ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
≉࡟᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࡟ࡣ⊂≉ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜Ḣ⡿ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡸࠊࡲࡓ◊✲㛤Ⓨ⫋ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡢㄪᰝࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜ
ࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡟ ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࡢ◊✲ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ࡼࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡞᪉ྥ࡬⾜ືࢆኚ໬ࡍࡿせᅉࡸ᫬ᮇ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᫂☜࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣぢ࠶ࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇ࡜ศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟୚
࠼࡚࠸ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᥈ࡿࠋ
ୖグࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ௬ㄝࢆタᐃࡋࠊ௬ㄝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࠊศᯒࡍࡿࠋ
㸯㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸯㸫㸯㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ
㸯㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋ
㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᴗ⦼ࡸᚑᴗဨᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡁࡿࠋ㸰㸫㸯㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀዲㄪ࡛࠶ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋ
㸰㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࢆቑဨࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋϫ ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮㸦⤒Ⴀ⪅㸧ࡢᙳ㡪㸯 ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺᑐ㇟⪅࡜ᴫせ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉ࡜᫬ᮇࠊᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ㮵ඣᓥᕷ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿ୰ᑠ࣭㞽⣽௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟ 2020 ᖺ 3 ᭶࠿ࡽ 5 ᭶ᮎࡲ࡛ 84 ே࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࠊᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋᚑᴗဨᩘ
ࡀ 1 ே࠿ࡽ 5 ேࡢ㞽⣽௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ 72 ே࡛ 86㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘࡀ 6 ே࠿ࡽ 10 ேࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ 6 ே࡛ 7㸣ࠊ
98

᪥ᮏ㈠᫆Ꮫ఍◊✲ㄽᩥ㻌 ➨ 㻝㻜 ྕ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻔㻵㻿㻿㻺㻌㻞㻝㻤㻢㻙㻣㻡㻣㻣㻕㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㻭㻲㼀㻮㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻝㻜㻚㻘㻞㻜㻞㻝㻚㻌ᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே࠿ࡽ  ேࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே࠿ࡽ  ேࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ  ே࡛㸮㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே௨ୖࡢ௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗᖺᩘࡣ  ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺ┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊᖺ┠࠿ࡽ  ᖺ┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ┠࠿ࡽ  ᖺ┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ௨ୖࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗ ௦┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ  ே࡛㸶㸣ࠊ ௦┠௨ୖࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㧗㱋ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ཬࡧ๰ᴗ⪅ࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡸぶ᪘࡟ࡼࡿ஧௦┠ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ≉ᚩࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ୰ᅜࡢṊ₎࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥࠿ࡽ  ᭶ᮎࡲ࡛  ேࡢ୰ᑠ࣭㞽⣽௻ᴗࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ࡛࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ  ேࡢ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࢆᚓࡓࠋᚑᴗဨᩘࡣࠊ ே࠿ࡽ  ேࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ே࠿ࡽ  ேࡀ  ே 㸣ࠊ ே࠿ࡽ  ேࡀ  ேࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛ 㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ ே࠿ࡽ  ேࡣࠊ ே࡛ 㸣ࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே௨ୖࡀ  ே࡛㸴㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗᖺᩘࡣ  ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺࡀ  ே࡛㸣ࠊ ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ࠿ࡽ  ᖺࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ᖺ௨ୖࡣ  ே࡛㸴㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๰ᴗ ௦┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠ࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊ ௦┠௨ୖࡣ  ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡾࠊᚋࢆᘬ
ࡁ⥅࠸ࡔ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ༙ศ௨ୗ࡛๰ᴗࡋ࡚ࡲࡔᩘᖺࡢ⤒㦂ࡢὸ࠸⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከ࠸ࠋ㸰 ᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ࡲࡎࡣࠊ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞ᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ
ᕳᮎ⾲ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢ ࠕᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚᪥ᮏࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
୍᪉ࠊࠕᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣపୗࡋࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ  ே࡛ 㸣ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ ே࡛ 㸣ࡔࡗࡓࠋ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡣ᥇⏝ࡸゎ㞠࡞࡝ࡢே஦࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡲ࡛ཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡀࠊ኎ୖࡀఙࡧ࡚ᴗ⦼ࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࢀ
ࡤ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ⮬ಙࡀࡘࡃࡓࡵࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊ
ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ㈐௵ࢆឤࡌ⮬ಙࢆ࡞ࡃࡋពᛮỴᐃࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻࡀᙅࡃ࡞ࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࡶࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢᅇ⟅࠿ࡽ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡓࠋ
ᅗ⾲㸯 ୺࡞࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࡿ᪥୰ࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊᚑᴗဨቑဨ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧ᚑᴗဨቑဨ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿᶵ఍ࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿᶵ఍ࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧ᴗ⦼ప㏞᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧ᴗ⦼ప㏞᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧ᴗ⦼ዲㄪ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦୰ᅜ㸧ᴗ⦼ዲㄪ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊࡢቑຍ㸦᪥ᮏ㸧


㠀ᖖ࡟

ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶




ᑡࡋ







඲ࡃ
ฟᡤ㸸࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟➹⪅సᡂ᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌୰ᅜࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛ࡣᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡣࠊ
ࠕ大変ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࡢࡀ 16 ே࡛ 15㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 59ே࡛ 56㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 18ே࡛ 17%ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ 13ே࡛ 12%࡛࠶ࡾࠊᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࡣࠊ
ࠕ大変ࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࡢࡀ 13ே࡛ 12㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 40ே࡛ 38㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 33ே࡛31㸣ࠊࠕኚ໬࡞ࡋࠖࡀ 20ே࡛ 19㸣࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ୖグࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊ௨ୗࡣ࠾࠾ࡴ
ࡡᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
௬ㄝ㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᴗ⦼ࡸࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡁࡿ㸰㸫㸯㸧ᴗ⦼ಁ㐍᫬࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑ࠼ࡿ㸱㛗㛗ᮇ㞠⏝ࡢᚑᴗဨ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝḟ࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ᚑᴗဨࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋࡓሙྜࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣᐙ᪘ࡄࡿࡳࡢ௜ࡁྜ࠸ࢆࡍࡿ࡞࡝┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ≉࡟ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡾࠊ୰㛫⟶⌮⫋࡟࡞ࡿ㡭࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡀᙉ໬ࡉࢀࠊ┦஫ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡣᵓ㐀ၥ㢟࡟㔜せ࡞ᙳ㡪ຊࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ。
ࡲࡎࠊ໅⥆ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑࡋࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊḟࡢ㉁ၥࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ
ᕳᮎ⾲ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡢ 8ࠕ໅⥆ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡗࡁࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ቑ࠼ࡓࠖࡀ 41ே࡛ 49㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶࠶ࡗࡓࠖ
ࡀ 16ே࡛ 19㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 23ே࡛ 27㸣ࠊࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 4ே࡛ 5㸣࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᚑᴗဨࡢ໅⥆ᖺᩘࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡋ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࠊ⌧ሙࡢᗑ⯒࡞࡝࡟㊊ࢆ㐠ࡤ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከࡃࡳࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ
ࡽࢀࠊࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊᚑᴗဨࡀ୍ே๓࡟࡞ࡾ௵ࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ព㆑ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ
⌧ሙ࡟࠸࡚ḧࡋࡃ࡞࠸࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟Ẽࢆ౑࠸⌧ሙࢆ㞳ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕ⑓Ẽ࡛ධ㝔ࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᚑᴗဨ࡟㢗ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠖ࡞࡝࡜࠸࠺ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ⤖ᯝࡶᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ㧗㱋໬ࡀ㐍ࡳᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊ࡀ῝้໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡛ఇࡳࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡛࠶ࡿᚑ
ᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏ࡚㢗ࡽ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡶⓎ⏕ࡍࡿࠋᴗ⦼࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡼ࠺࡜࠸࠺
ព㆑ࡣ᪥ᮏே⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡶᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
୰ᅜࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡛ࡣࠕ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ大変、ቑ࠼ࡓࠖࡀ 18ே࡛ 17㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 27ே࡛ 26㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 29ே࡛ 27㸣ࠊࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 32ே࡛ 30㸣࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ୖグࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⾲㸱㸫㸯ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅇᖐศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣࠕᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ
࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊቑࡋࡓࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┠ⓗኚᩘࠕᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏࡓࠖሙྜ࡛ᅇᖐ
ศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ 0.978࡞ࡢ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋt್ࡶ⤯ᑐ್ࡀ 42.92࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇ
ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣ┠ⓗኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᚑᴗဨࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ാࡃࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡶ῝ࡲࡾࠊಙ㢗㛵ಀࡶᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡟࡞ࡿ࡞࡝౫Ꮡࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾẼࢆ㐵࠺㛵ಀ࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿࠋ
ୖグࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ௬ㄝ㸯㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ῝ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿのうち㸯㸫㸯㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࠊ㸯㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ
⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ඘ศ࡞⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟ࡣ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏ࡚ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ᪂つ㛤ᣅ࡞࡝ࡢ௙஦ࢆࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ௒ᚋࡶࡉࡽ࡞ࡿㄪᰝࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ100᪥ᮏ㈠᫆Ꮫ఍◊✲ㄽᩥ㻌 ➨ 㻝㻜 ྕ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻔㻵㻿㻿㻺㻌㻞㻝㻤㻢㻙㻣㻡㻣㻣㻕㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㻭㻲㼀㻮㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻝㻜㻚㻘㻞㻜㻞㻝㻚㻌⾲㸱㸫㸯 㛗ᮇ㞠⏝ࡢᚑᴗဨ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝյ‫ؾ‬౹‫ܯ‬॑૮‫ ؖ‬5

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Ծ‫ ݸ‬৏‫ ݸ‬Ծ‫ ݸ‬৏‫ ݸ‬઀ฤ

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(㸲 ᚑᴗဨᩘ࡜⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝḟ࡟ᚑᴗဨࡢቑຍ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋࠕᚑᴗဨࢆቑࡸࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖ
ࡀ 29 ே࡛ 35㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 21 ே࡛ 25㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 21 ேࠊ25㸣࡛ࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 13
ே࡛ 15㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2019 ᖺࠊᒣཱྀ┴ࡢᒣཱྀྠ཭఍఍ဨࡢ௻ᴗ 128 ♫ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓࠕᬒẼ࡜ồேࡢືྥㄪᰝࠖࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࡢ᥇⏝ເ㞟᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ࠸࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ
ࠕࣁ࣮࣮ࣟ࣡ࢡࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ௻ᴗࡀ 40㸣ࠊࠕồேㄅ⣬ࠖࡀ 16㸣࡛࠶ࡿ୍᪉ࠊࠕྠ཭఍ඹྠồேࠖࡀ 2㸣ࠊࠕᏛᰯ❆ཱྀࠖࡀ 7㸣ࠊࠕྜྠㄝ᫂఍ࠖࡀ 7㸣ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠕᆅᇦ࣭཭ேࡢࢶ
ࢸࠖࡀ 25㸣ࠊࠕࡑࡢ௚ࠖࡀ 6㸣࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᥇⏝ヨ㦂ࡢᡭἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࠕ㠃᥋ࡢࡳࠖ࡜ࠕ㠃᥋࡜➹グࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࢆྜࢃࡏࡿ࡜81.5㸣࡟ୖࡾࠊࡑࡢ௚ࡀ 11㸣࡛ࠊ᥇⏝࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࠋ ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢሙྜࠊே⬦ࡸ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡀ┤᥋ࠊ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ౛ࡀከࡃࠊ┤᥋ⓗ࡟⮬ศࡀ㑅ࢇࡔᚑᴗဨࡀቑ࠼ࡿ
࡜ࠊ⮬ศࢆࣇ࢛࣮ࣟࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᨭᣢ⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊᙳ㡪ຊࢆቑࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀከ࠸࡜ᛮ
ࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢഴྥࡣ୰ᅜࡼࡾ㧗ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣᴗ⦼ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾࠊẼࢆ౑࠸ྜ࠺㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ୰ᅜ࡛ࡣࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 10 ே࡛ 9㸣ࠊࠕࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ᙳ
㡪ຊࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠖࡀ 69 ே࡛ 65㸣ࠊࠕᑡࡋࠖࡀ 0 ே࡛ 0㸣ࠊࠕኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡀ 27 ே࡛ 26㸣࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓㄝ᫂ኚᩘࠕᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨ᫬ࠊᙳ㡪ຊቑࡋࡓࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚┠ⓗኚᩘࠕᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏࡓࠖ࡜
ᅇᖐศᯒࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⾲㸱㸫㸰ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛┦㛵㛵ಀࡀᙉࡃࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ┦㛵ಀᩘࡀ 0.927 ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋt ್ࡶ⤯ᑐ್ࡀ22.49 ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊࡇࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣ┠ⓗኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᚑࡗ࡚௨ୗࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

101᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌⾲㸱㸫㸰 ᚑᴗဨᩘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝᅇᖐ⤫ィ㔜┦㛵5 
㔜Ỵᐃ 
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       
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⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ┤᥋ⓗ࡟▱ࡾྜ࠸࡞࡝ࢆ᪂つ࡟᥇⏝ࡋࠊᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨࡋࡓሙྜࠊࡑࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀቑຍࡍࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࠊ
௨ୗࡣࠊ࠾࠾ࡴࡡᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
௬ㄝ㸰㸧࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᴗ⦼ࡸᚑᴗဨᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡓ᫬࡟㉳ࡁࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⌧ሙࢆ௵ࡏࡿሙྜࡣࠊ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨࡀ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢࡼ࠺࡟❧ࡕᒃࡩࡿࡲ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࢆ↮ࡓࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼࡚ࡃࡿࡓࡵࠊ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㐲៖ࡋ࡚⌧ሙ࡟⾜࠿࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௨ୗࡢ௬ㄝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⑓Ẽ࡞࡝࡛㛗ᮇධ㝔ࡋࠊᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ஦ᴗࢆᣑ኱ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟Ⴀᴗゼၥ࡞࡝࡛⌧ሙ࡟⾜ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ௨ୗࡶ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࡀࠊ⮬ศࡢ▱ேࡢ⤂௓࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ேࡢᚑᴗဨࡀᗑ⯒࡞࡝࡟ቑဨࡉࢀࡿ࡜㢦ࢆฟࡋ࡟⾜ࡃ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡶ࠶ࡽࢃࢀࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

௬ㄝ㸰㸫㸰㸧ᚑᴗဨࢆቑဨࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⌧ሙࢆᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ。

Ϭ 3ULFH㸦㸧࡜ %DVV $YROLR  ࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ື≉ᛶ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚑᴗဨࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ാࡁ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓሙྜࡸᚑᴗဨࡀቑ
ဨࡋࡓሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࡀࠊࡉࡽ࡟⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿせᅉࡸ᫬ᮇࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢᛶ㉁࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽ࡛☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊPrice(2003)ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢືᶵࡣ౯್ほ࡟ࡼࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPrice(2003)ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟ࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡞ືᶵࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸
102

᪥ᮏ㈠᫆Ꮫ఍◊✲ㄽᩥ㻌 ➨ 㻝㻜 ྕ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻔㻵㻿㻿㻺㻌㻞㻝㻤㻢㻙㻣㻡㻣㻣㻕㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㻭㻲㼀㻮㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻝㻜㻚㻘㻞㻜㻞㻝㻚㻌࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㆟ㄽ࡟ࡣᢈุⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖグࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᙉ໬ࡋࡓࡇ
࡜࡛Ẽࢆ㐵࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟ࡼࡿ฼௚ⓗ࡞౯್ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡸ⮬ศࡀ௙஦ࢆࡋࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࡓࡵᚑᴗဨ࡟௵
ࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡾ᫂☜࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣࠊࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ᰿ᮏⓗ࡞⌮⏤ࠊ౯್ほ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎࠊࡉࡽ࡞ࡿࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡜ᐃ㔞ⓗ࡞ศᯒࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏࡢ⊂≉ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡾࠊࡲࡓᑠつᶍ࡞୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᙉ໬ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࠾஫࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ」㞧࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࡀ⤡ࡳྜ࠸ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ౯್ほ࡜⾜ືࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊPrice(2003)ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࢆ⾲㸰ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸯㸧୍㈏ࡋ࡚᭱ึ࠿ࡽ฼ᕫⓗ࡛౯್ほࡶ฼ᕫⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ 㸰㸧౯್ほࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡛⾜ືࡶ฼௚ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ 㸱㸧⾜ືࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡛ࠊ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺ࡀ౯್ほࡣ฼ᕫⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ 㸲㸧⾜ືࡣ฼ᕫⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ᏶඲࡟฼ᕫⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ౯್ほࡣ฼௚ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ ࡟ศࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ୖグࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ
⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ▱ேࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ືࡣࠊ฼ᕫⓗ࡞౯್ほ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ฼ᕫⓗ࡞⾜ື࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡿᚑᴗဨᩘࡀቑဨࡍࡿᙳ㡪ຊࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᴗ
⦼ࡀᝏ໬ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ᙳ㡪ຊࡀῶࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡸ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࠿ࡽ฼௚ⓗ࡟ࡩࡿࡲ࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ࡢ౯್ほࡣ฼ᕫⓗࠊ฼௚ⓗࡢሙྜ࡛⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽࡼࡾ๓ࡣࠊHouse (1971㸧ࡢࣃࢫ࣭ࢦ࣮ࣝ⌮ㄽࡸ Hersey & Blanchard (1977㸧ࡢ≧ἣⓗ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽ࡞࡝ࡀࡑࡢ᫬ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀ᭷ຠ࠿ྰ࠿␗࡞ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ
ࡑࡢᚋࠊ≧ἣ࡟㛵ಀ࡞ࡃḢ⡿௻ᴗࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡣែᗘࡸᴗ⦼࡞
࡝࡟ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣࠊ㛤Ⓨ◊✲⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓศᯒࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞௻ᴗࡸ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᯒࡣᴟࡵ࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋ
ே㛫㛵ಀࡀ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᪥ᮏ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࣡ࡢே㛫㛵ಀࡣ⫋ົែᗘࡸᴗ⦼࡟ࡼࡾ୚
࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣᴗ⦼ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿḢ⡿௻ᴗࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࢆᇶ┙࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊ௒ᅇࡣࠕᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨࡋࡓ
᫬ᮇࠖࠕᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࠖࢆᑐ㇟࡟⤌⧊ࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡃᵓ㐀ၥ㢟ࢆᇶ┙࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟
㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣࠊᚑᴗဨࡀቑဨࡋ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿேࡀቑ࠼ࡓሙྜࡸ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟㞠⏝㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿᚑᴗဨ࡜౫Ꮡ㛵ಀ࡟㝗ࡗࡓሙྜ࡟㉳ࡁࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࡣኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩ
ࢵࣉࡢ࠺ࡕ฼௚ⓗ࡞౯್ほࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡀࠊ」㞧࡞ே㛫㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡋࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
Bass & Avolio(1995)࡟ࡼࡿኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⾜ື≉ᛶ࡟ἢࡗ࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ㸯㸧⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ 㸰㸧ゎỴ⟇ࢆぢฟࡍ▱ⓗ่⃭ 㸱㸧ᙺ๭ࣔࢹࣝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡿ࢖ࣥࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡢάᛶ໬ 㸲㸧ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡬ࡢಶูࡢ㓄៖࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡸࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ㸯㸧ࡢ⌮᝿໬ࡉࢀࡓᙳ㡪ࠊ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ᛶ࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ
௻ᴗࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀ࠶ࡀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆಁࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔
࣮ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧຍࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ཯㠃ࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀᚑ࠸ࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㢪ᮃ࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ✚ᴟⓗ࡟࢔ࣈ࣮ࣟࢳࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ࢔ࣆ࣮ࣝࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀ㈉⊩ࡋࡸࡍࡃࡍࡿ≉ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ୍᫬ⓗ࡞⮬ᕫ≛≅ཬࡧ฼௚ⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᕼᮃࡸ㢪ᮃࢆ࠿࡞࠼࡚ࠊᨭᣢࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ ࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ⌮ㄽࡢබᖹ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀቑဨࡋࡓ᫬ᮇࡸ㛗ᮇ㞠⏝࡟ࡼࡾ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࡢ
࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡣ⮬ศࡢ฼┈ࡀ᪂ࡋ࠸ᚑᴗဨࡢ฼┈ࡼࡾ㧗ࡅࢀࡤࣔࢳ
103᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡀୖࡀࡿࡀࠊࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ୙බᖹឤࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋJensen & Meckling(1976)࡟ࡼࡿ࢚࣮ࢪ
࢙ࣥࢩ࣮⌮ㄽ࡟ἢ࠺࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡶ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶຠ⏝ࢆ᭱኱໬ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡀ᝟ሗࡢ㠀ᑐ⛠࠿ࡽࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡣ
᭱ప㝈ࡢ௙஦ࡔࡅࡍࡿࡀࠊ㞠⏝㛵ಀࡸሗ㓘ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ㢦Ⰽࢆ࠺࠿ࡀ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
௚᪉ࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣᏳ࠸ሗ㓘ࡢ᪂つ᥇⏝⪅ࡀቑ࠼ࢀࡤ㛗ᮇ㞠⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨࢆゎ㞠ࡋࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺
ࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡀࠊ㧗㱋໬ࡋពᛮỴᐃࡀ㐜ࢀࡓࡾࠊ⑓Ẽ࡛ఇࡴࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼ࠊᴗົ඲యࢆᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑ
ᴗဨࢆ㢗ࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ୍᫬ⓗ࡟ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟㝗ࡿࡀࠊࣇ࢛
ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡣ෌ࡧ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ௻ᴗࢆᛴᡂ㛗࡟ᑟ࠸ࡓ᫬ᮇࡢኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮
ࡢ㛗ᡤࢆ࠸࠿ࡋ⬟ຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡓ᫬ᮇ࠿ࡽࠊ៏ᛶⓗ࡞᪥ᖖⓗ࡞᫬ᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢពᛮỴᐃࡀࡺࡀࡴ᫬
ᮇ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᆺࡢ኱௻ᴗ࡜␗࡞ࡾࠊ୰ᑠ㞽⣽௻ᴗ࡛ࡣ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢពᛮỴᐃࡀ⤌⧊ᩥ໬࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡸࡍࡃ
࡞ࡾࠊ≉࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿせᅉࡣࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ࠺࠿ࡀ࠼ࡿࡀࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜
ࡢே㛫㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂ࡟ὀຊࡋ࡙ࡽࡃࡍࡿ࡞࡝኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚋ⥅⪅ࢆ᥈ࡋ⫱ᡂࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬࡟ࡼࡾὀຊ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋϭ ᮏㄽᩥࡢ⪃ᐹ࡜㝈⏺ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᐇែゎ᫂ࡢࡓࡵ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡟↔Ⅼࢆ࠶࡚ࠊ
ᚑ᮶ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡜せᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽ࡟ἢࡗ࡚ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ᫬ᮇ࡜ࣇ࢛
ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋ≉࡟᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡛ࡣ⊂≉ࡢ⤌⧊ᩥ໬ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࠋ࣮ࣜࢲ
࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ┦஫ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡸᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ே㛫㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡋ༠ㄪࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽࢆ㐵࠺࠶ࡲࡾࠊᚋ⥅⪅ࡢ㑅ᢤࡸ⫱ᡂࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࡀ࠺ࡲࡃ㐍ࡲ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜
࠸࠺౛ࡶ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ」㞧࡞㛵ಀ࡟ࡼࡾ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶ⪃࠼ࡽ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ཬࡧࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࢆᑐ㇟࡟࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣ௻ᴗࡢᡂ㛗࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓ᭷⬟࡞⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀࠊ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃࡢ᫬ᮇ࠿ࡽ㐺ṇ࡛࡞࠸ุ᩿ࢆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ⾜ືኚ໬ࡢせᅉ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟ᅇᖐศᯒࡋࡓࡀࠊ௬ㄝࡢ᳨ドࡢ⤖ᯝࠊᴗ⦼ࡀࡢࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ᮇࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ
࢔࣮ࡢ㞠⏝ࡀ㛗ᮇ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡜ࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᙉ໬ࡋ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⫼ᬒࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᴗ⦼ಁ㐍࡟㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡶࠊ⮬ᕫࡢ฼┈ࢆ㏣ồࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣࠊࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔
࣮ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ኱ࡁࡃࠊ┤᥋᥇⏝ࡋࡓᚑᴗဨࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮ࡀቑဨࡍࡿ࡜ᙳ㡪ຊࢆᙉ໬ࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ┤᥋ࠊ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ᪂ேࡀቑဨࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓᚑᴗဨࡣ⮬ศࡢሗ㓘ࡸ㞠⏝᮲௳࡞࡝࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞࠸࠿࡞࡝ࡢ୙Ᏻᮦᩱࡀቑ࠼ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᶵ᎘ࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶቑ࠼ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ຊ
ࡀపୗࡋ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
ྠ᫬࡟ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ㧗㱋໬ࡋ⑓Ẽࡀࡕ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠊ⤒Ⴀ≧ἣࢆࡼࡃᢕᥱࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏ౫Ꮡࡋ
࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾࠊ⮬ᕫ≛≅ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⾜ືࡀኚ໬ࡋ฼ᕫⓗ࡟࡞ࡿ᫬ᮇࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࢀࡤࠊ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎࡢ᫬ᮇࢆ᪩ࡵࡿ࡞࡝ᚋ⥅⪅ࡢ◊ಟ
104

᪥ᮏ㈠᫆Ꮫ఍◊✲ㄽᩥ㻌 ➨ 㻝㻜 ྕ㻘㻌㻞㻜㻞㻝㻔㻵㻿㻿㻺㻌㻞㻝㻤㻢㻙㻣㻡㻣㻣㻕㻌㻾㼑㼟㼑㼍㼞㼏㼔㻌㻼㼍㼜㼑㼞㻌㼛㼒㻌㻶㻭㻲㼀㻮㻘㻌㻺㼛㻚㻝㻜㻚㻘㻞㻜㻞㻝㻚㻌ࢆ᪩࠸ẁ㝵࠿ࡽᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡾࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅⮬㌟ࡶࡑࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟⊂᩿࡛ࡢỴ᩿ࡸᶒ㝈ࡢ㞟୰ࢆ㑊ࡅࡓࡾࠊእ㒊ࡢ⛯⌮ኈࡸᙺဨ࡜ࡢ┘ᰝ࣭┘╩ᶵ⬟ࢆᙉ໬ࡍࡿ➼ࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢᏑ⥆࡟࠾࠸࡚⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ⾜ືኚ໬ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿ๓࡟ᚋ⥅⪅⫱ᡂࢆ᪩ᮇ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿ࡞࡝ᑐ⟇ࢆྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏ࡢ㝈⏺ࡣࠊ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᛶ㉁ࢆࡼࡾ῝ࡃᢕᥱࡍࡿࡓࡵᒓᛶࠊᏛṔ࡞࡝࡟ศࡅࡓࡾࠊࢱ࢖ࣉ
ู࡟ศᯒࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡀࠊᮏ✏࡛ࡣ௻ᴗつᶍࡸᖺ㱋ࠊ๰ᴗఱ௦┠࡞࡝ࡋ࠿ศࡅ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡓ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ┦஫ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᚑᴗဨ࡬ࡢ࢔ࣥ
ࢣ࣮ࢺࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡶࢱ࢖ࣉู࡟࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊᐙ᪘࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡸ⑓Ẽࡢ᫬࡞࡝ࡢᑐᛂ࡞࡝ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࣇ࢛ࣟ࢔࣮࡜ࡢ౫Ꮡ㛵ಀࡸᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ⤒Ⴀ⪅࡜࣋ࢸࣛࣥᚑᴗဨ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ
஦౛◊✲ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢ⌮ㄽⓗయ⣔࡟ἢࡗ࡚ᐇែࢆゎ᫂ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୺࡞ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ụ⏣ᾈ㸦2015㸧,ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉᶵ⬟ࢆ⿵᏶ࡍࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖࠗ⚟ᒸ኱Ꮫேᩥㄽᴗ࠘
➨ 47 ྕ㸦1㸧,1-18 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ▼ᕝ῟㸦2009㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀ◊✲㛤Ⓨࢳ࣮࣒ࡢᴗ⦼࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸸ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢṇࡢഃ㠃࡜㈇ࡢഃ㠃ࠖࠗ⤌⧊⛉Ꮫ࠘➨ 43 ྕ No.2,97-112 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ▼ᕝ῟㸦2008㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡜㛤Ⓨ◊✲⪅ࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫ̿ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡀࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪ࣭ࢫ
ࢺࣞࢵࢧ࡜ࣄࣥࢺࣛࣥࢺ࣭ࢫࢺࣞࢵࢧ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿ࠖࠗ❧ᩍࣅࢪࢿࢫࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ๰หྕ࠘,49-61 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋᑠ㔝ၿ⏕㸦2012㸧,ࠕᬯ㯲ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⌮ㄽࡀࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࣡ࡢ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄆ▱࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࠖࠗ㛵す኱ᏛၟᏛㄽ㞟࠘57 ᕳ 1 ྕ,1-19 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋᑠ㔝ၿ⏕㸦2014㸧,ࠕࣇ࢛࣮ࣟ࣡ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡓ࢝ࣜࢫ࣐ⓗ࣭ኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࠖࠗ㛵す኱ᏛၟᏛㄽ㞟࠘58
ᕳ 4 ྕ,53-87 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋᮾಇஅ㸦㸧ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽࡢၥ㢟Ⅼ̿᪂ࡓ࡞⤌⧊ኚ㠉⾜ືㄽ࡬ྥࡅ࡚࣮ࠖ
ࠗி㒔࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥ
ࢺࣞࣅ࣮ࣗ࠘➨  ྕ ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ
᪥㔝೺ኴ㸦2004㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽ࡜௻ᴗ೔⌮ࠖࠗ㥖⃝኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊◊✲⣖せ࠘33 ྕ,1-21 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ᪥㔝೺ኴ㸦2013㸧,ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࡢ⮬ᕫ≛≅ⓗ⾜ື࡟ᑐࡍࡿ◊✲㛵ᚰࠖࠗ㥖⃝኱Ꮫ⤒ႠᏛ㒊◊✲⣖せ࠘44 ྕ,1-19࣮࣌ࢪࠋ㛗㇂ᕝ┤ᶞ㸦2016㸧,ࠕኚ㠉ᆺ࣭ྲྀᘬᆺ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࣮ࣂࢫ࣭࢔࣎ࣜ࢜ࡢᡤㄽࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࡋ࡚࣮ࠖ
ࠗᮾிᅜ㝿኱
Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ேᩥ♫఍⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉࠘➨ 1 ྕ,1-21 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋⳭⵦㄔ㸦2013㸧, ࠕࢩ࣮ࣗࣥ࣌ࢱ࣮࡟ࡳࡿ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉㄽࠖ
ࠗ❧࿨㤋ᅜ㝿◊✲࠘ࠋࠗᅜẸ⤒῭㞧ㄅ࠘205 ྕ㸦6㸧,51-56 ࣮࣌ࢪࠋ㧗ᶫ₩㸦2012㸧,ࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉࡢᮏ㉁ࠖ
୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࠕ2020 ᖺ∧୰ᑠ௻ᴗⓑ᭩ࠖࠗᑠつᶍ௻ᴗⓑ᭩࠘ࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᗇࠕ2019 ᖺ∧୰ᑠ௻ᴗⓑ᭩ࠖࠗᑠつᶍ௻ᴗⓑ᭩࠘ࠋ᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥බᗜ⥲ྜ◊✲ᡤ㸦2019㸧ࠕ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࡢ஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࠖࠗ᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥㔠ᗜ࠘ࠋᏳ⏣Ṋᙪ㸦2005㸧
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ᅇ⟅

ᚑᴗဨࡢேᩘࡣఱே࡛ࡍ࠿㸽ձ㸯㸫 ղ㸫 ճ㸫 մ㸫๰ᴗఱᖺ┠࡛ࡍ࠿㸽㸫 ղ㸫 ճ㸫 մ ᖺ௨ୖ࠶࡞ࡓࡣఱ௦┠ࡢ♫㛗࡛ࡍ࠿㸽ձ ௦┠ ղ ௦┠ ճ ௦┠ մ ௦┠௨ୖ㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑࡋ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽㸧ᚑᴗဨࢆቑࡸࡋࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣቑ࠼ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽
㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ⌧ሙࢆ㞳ࢀᚑ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
ᴗဨ࡟௵ࡏࡗࡁࡾ࡟ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧ᴗ⦼ࡀప㏞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ኚ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
໬ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀ࣋ࢸࣛࣥ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᫬ࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡣ௵ࡏ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
ࡗࡁࡾ࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀቑ࠼ࡲࡋࡓ࠿㸽㸧࿘ࡾ࠿ࡽ⊂⿢ⓗ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡔ࡜ゝࢃࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
ࡾࡲࡍ࠿㸽
㸧⮬ศ࡛⊂⿢ⓗࡔ࡜ឤࡌࡓ᫬ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞᫬࡛ࡍ ձሗ㓘 ղே஦ ճປാ᫬㛫 մ⤒Ⴀ⟶⌮࠿㸽㸧ᚑᴗဨࡀࠊ⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⊂⿢ⓗࡔ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ᫬ ձሗ㓘 ղே஦ ճປാ᫬㛫 մ⤒Ⴀ⟶⌮ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡞᫬ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⊂⿢ⓗ࡟࡞ࡿࡢࡣ࡝࠺ࡋ࡚ࡔ࡜ᛮ ձ⮬ᑛᚰ ղ㐺ษ࡞ุ᩿ຊࡀ࠶ࡿேࡀ࠸࡞࠸

107᯽ᮌ䠖஦ᴗ⥅ᢎ䛻㛵䛩䜛ኚ㠉ᆺ䝸䞊䝎䞊䝅䝑䝥䛾⾜ືኚ໬㻌࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽
㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ୙ṇ࡜⾜࠺ሙྜࠊᚑᴗဨࡣᢚไ࡛ࡁ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ࠊ୙⚈஦ࢆ⾜࠼ࡿ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡢ୙ṇࡣࠊ♫እྲྀ⥾ᙺࡀᢚไࡍࡿࡇ࡜ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ࠿㸽㸧⤒Ⴀ⪅ࡀ⤒Ⴀุ᩿࡟㏞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁࡣࠊㄡ࡟┦ㄯ ձእ㒊ࡢྲྀ⥾ᙺ ղእ㒊ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ ճ௚ࡢ⟶⌮⫋⪅ࡋࡲࡍ࠿㸽

մᤵᴗဨ յ┦ㄯࡋ࡞࠸

㸧⊂⿢ⓗุ᩿ࡣࠊᴗ⦼ᝏ໬ࢆᣍࡃ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡲࡍ ձ኱ኚ ղࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶ ճᑡࡋ մኚ໬࡞ࡋ࠿㸽⥲ົ┬ࠕᖹᡂ  ᖺ⤒῭ࢭࣥࢧࢫάືㄪᰝࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ
ᮾி㒔⏘ᴗປാᒁࠕᮾிࡢ⏘ᴗ࡜㞠⏝ᑵᴗ ࠖ
ࠋ୰ᑠ௻ᴗࠊᑠつᶍ௻ᴗࡣࠊཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚୰ᑠ௻ᴗᇶᮏἲࡢᐃ⩏ࠋࠋ〇㐀ᴗ➼ࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠ཬࡧฟ㈨⥲㢠ࡀ  ൨෇௨ୗࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே௨ୗࠋ༺኎ᴗࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠ཬࡧฟ㈨㢠ࡀ  ൨෇௨ୗࠊ
ᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே௨ୗࠋᑠ኎ᴗࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠ཪࡣฟ㈨㢠ࡀ  ༓୓෇௨ୗࠊᚑᴗဨᩘࡀ  ே௨ୗࠋࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡣ㈨ᮏ㔠
ཬࡧฟ㈨㢠ࡀ  ༓୓෇௨ୗࠊᚑᴗဨᩘ  ே௨ୗࠋ〇㐀ᴗ➼ࡣᚑᴗဨ  ே௨ୗࠋၟᴗ࣭ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫᴗࡣᚑᴗဨ
ே௨ୗࠋᖇᅜࢹ࣮ࢱࣂࣥࢡࠕ඲ᅜ࣭ᚋ⥅⪅୙ᅾ௻ᴗືྥㄪᰝ㸦㸧ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ
㮵ඣᓥᕷࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝᑐ㇟௻ᴗ࠿ࡽ༳ๅ఍♫ࠊ⏕ⰼ㈍኎఍♫࡟  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥࡟ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢᐇ᪋ࠋ
ᮾிၟᕤࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ  ᖺࠕఇᗫᴗ࣭ゎᩓ௻ᴗࠖືྥㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ⤒῭⏘ᴗ┬ࠕ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ࣭ᑠつᶍ஦ᴗ⪅ࡢ⏕⏘ᛶྥୖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸦ᖹᡂ  ᖺ  ᭶㸧ࠖࠊᮍ᮶ᢞ㈨఍㆟ᵓ㐀ᨵ㠉ᚭᗏ᥎㐍఍ྜ ➨  ᅇࠊᖹᡂ  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ

ᖇᅜࢹ࣮ࢱࣂࣥࢡ≉ู௻⏬ࠕ඲ᅜ࣭ᚋ⥅⪅୙ᅾ௻ᴗືྥㄪᰝ㸦㸧ࠖ࡟ࡼࡿࠋ
๓ᥖ͵ࠋ


9

㮵ඣᓥᕷࡢၟᕤ఍㆟ᡤࡸࣛ࢖࢜ࣥࢬࢡࣛࣈ࡞࡝ 150ே࡟㓄ᕸࡋࠊ84ேࡢ᭷ຠᅇ⟅ࠊ56㸣ࡢᅇ཰⋡ࢆᚓࡓࠋ
๓ᥖ͵
11
๓ᥖ͵
12
 ᖺ㸯᭶  ᪥࠿ࡽ  ᭶  ᪥ࡢྠ఍ဨ  ேࡢ࠺ࡕ  ♫ࡀᅇ⟅ࠋᚑᴗဨ㸯㹼 ேࡀ  ศࡢ㸯ࠊ㸯㹼ேࡀ 㸣ࠊ ே௨ୖࡣ 㸣ࠋ
10࠙ཷ㡿᪥  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ ཷ⌮᪥  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥ࠚ108