Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)

Annual ReportJapan Atomic Energy Agency 2020
(Business Report FY2019)

Aiming for Energy That Leads to the Future■ Contact Information

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©2020 Japan Atomic Energy Agency Published November 2020 Printed in Japan

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

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National Research and Development Agency

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Editorial Policy

Contents

With a strong awareness of its corporate social responsibility (CSR), the Japan Atomic Energy
Agency (JAEA) has undertaken various initiatives including the publishing of environmental
reports, operation of an information disclosure system, participation in regional activities anda transfer of technological achievements. As part of these activities, JAEA publishes the Japan
Atomic Energy Agency Annual Report as a means of comprehensively reporting its activities.

Policies for Creating Value

The present Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)
summarizes JAEAʼs operations and the state of its R&D for FY2019 (April 2019 - March 2020)
based on the editorial policies below.

• The report is to be a comprehensive report including financial information based on the Guidelines
for Operational Reporting by Incorporated Administrative Agencies (Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications), in addition to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standard, which is used as a
global disclosure guideline for CSR and sustainability reports.
• To achieve the goals of the Future Vision “JAEA2050 +” announced in October 2019 under theleadership of the President, the report is to consist of three sections: policy for generating social
value, its foundation, and outcome of activities.
• Photographs, diagrams and illustrations are to be used where possible, including for financial data,
to produce an easy-to-read and easy-to-understand report.

Through this report, JAEA seeks to promote readersʼ understanding of its activities and R&D,
and to foster mutual understanding and trust.
● Scope of Report

All sites● Reporting period

Presidentʼs Philosophy andManagement Policies and Strategies
Message from the President

Outcome of Value Creation
Outcome of Operations and Resources Required
P02
P02
P05

Contribution to Society by Achieving
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives and Plan

Outcome of R&D Pertaining to the Response to the Accident
at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
P32

P06

Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +”P08

Technological Support for Nuclear Safety Regulationand Safety Research for This Purpose

P34

R&D for Improving Nuclear Safety and Activities
That Contribute to Nuclear Non-Proliferation
and Nuclear Security

P36

Purpose and Business

JAEAʼs Position and Role in Japanʼs National Policy P10
Contributing to Human Society and Peoplesʼ Lives
Through R&D on Nuclear Energy

Overview of Medium-/Long-Term Objectives,
Medium-/Long-Term Plan, and Annual Plan

P10
P11

Foundation for Creating Value
Fountainhead for Sustainable andAppropriate Service Provision

P12

Board of Executive Directors

P12

Governance

P13

Net Assets

P14

Sources of Revenue

R&D on Fast Reactors and Advanced Reactors

P42

R&D Related to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle,
Such as Reprocessing, Fuel Manufacturing
and Treatment and Disposal of Radioactive Waste

P44

Activities for Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning Demonstration

P46

Premise Information for
Proper Assessment of Operations

P48

P15

Initiatives/Challenges for Sustainable Utilization of
Nuclear Science and Technology

P16

Environmental Impact and Status of
Impact Reduction Activities

Premise Information for Proper Assessmentof Operations

P17

Operational and Management Challenges,
Risk Management Status and Countermeasures

P18

Status of Risk Management

P18

Operation Reform

P20

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

P22
P22

Initiatives for Industry-Academia-Government
Collaboration

P23◎ ISO 26000: 2010 Guidelines Concerning CSR

Strengthening of the Organizational Concept
and Securing/Training Human Resources

P24◎ Environmental Reporting Guidelines 2018 Version (Ministry of the Environment)International Cooperation and Contribution

P26◎ GRI Standards

Contribution to Regional Development

P27● Reference Guidelines, etc.

Basic and Fundamental Research and Human Resources
Development in the Nuclear Field
P38

Results of Self-Assessment and Administrative Costby Segment in FY2019/
Results of Ministerial Evaluation for Past Years

Public Consultation, Public Relations
and Information Disclosure

The reporting period is in principle FY2019 (April 2019 - March 2020).
(However, the report includes some information from after this period.)

P28

Measures to Be Taken for Attaining Targets Concerning
Business Operations Placing Top Priority on Safety
P28

Summary of Financial Statements
Outline of Budget and Settlement
Presidentʼs Explanations on Financial Situation
and Operation Status

P48
P49
P50
P53
P54

Basic Information
Basic Information on JAEA

P56

Profile of Organization

P56

Principal Themes in R&D and Location of R&D Sites

P58

Other Information for Publication

P59

JAEA at a Glance

P60◎ Guidelines for Operational Reporting by Incorporated Administrative Agencies(Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications)● Notation method

Fractions are in principle rounded to the second decimal place.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)01

Presidentʼs Philosophy and Management Policies and Strategies

Policies for Creating Value

Message from the President
Contributing to the welfare andprosperity of human society throughnuclear science and technology

KODAMA Toshio

President, the Japan Atomic Energy Agency

The Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) is Japanʼs sole comprehensive research anddevelopment institute in the field of nuclear energy.
Based on Japanʼs national policy such as the Strategic Energy Plan, and in accordance with
the Medium-/Long-Term Plan, JAEA works on the response to the accident at the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station of Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings, Inc. (TEPCO),
researches the improvement of nuclear safety, carries out R&D on the nuclear fuel cycle andon radioactive waste treatment and disposal technology, and engages in basic andfundamental research in the nuclear field.

[Management Principles]• Thoroughly ensure safety• Focus on on-site activities• Trust of society• R&D filled with creativity• Efficient work management[Conduct Standards]

Review of FY2019
In FY2019, interim evaluation was conducted for the Third
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, and JAEAʼs activities
received the following evaluation: “the generation of results
and anticipated generation of future results and otherachievements are recognized, representing steady progresswith operations.”
In accordance with the Mid-and-Long-Term Roadmap
towards the Decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station, we proceeded with the developmentof analytical systems for fuel debris and with environmental
radiation monitoring toward lifting of the evacuation order
for areas of Fukushima Prefecture where return of residents
has not yet been possible.
In addition, we progressed with activities to improvesafety through collaborative studies on the accident with
the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation Authority,
including analysis at JAEAʼs facilities of samples collectedfrom the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.
As for the development of advanced reactors, we started
R&D cooperation with Polandʼs National Centre for Nuclear
Research on high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology.
In the field of research on geological disposal, weestablished and published plans for the Tono and Horonobe
underground research laboratories for FY2020 onward.

In the area of decommissioning, we completed unloadingof 100 fuel assemblies from the reactor vessel at Monju asplanned, and started dismantling the peripheral facilities of
the reactor at Fugen. Meanwhile, at the Tokai Reprocessing
Plant, we are steadily implementing measures for high-level
radioactive liquid waste.
In the areas of basic and fundamental research,
Commendations for Science and Technology from the
Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science andTechnology were awarded to the projects for:the development of an innovative highly accurate sensing
technology for nuclear fuel material management;
a comprehensive study on the atmospheric release andenvironmental migration of radioactive carbon; as well as
the development of an evaluation method for theenvironmental dynamics of radioactive cesium to support
the recovery of the Fukushima area, and I believe thisexemplifies the social recognition of JAEAʼs research.
For research reactors, activities toward resuming theiroperation are making steady progress. To coincide with therestart of JRR-3, we will operate a joint utilization platform
to combine large-scale facilities of the kind only available to
JAEA with general equipment to promote industryacademia-government cooperation and collaboration
toward creation of innovation.

Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +” Formulated
In October 2019, JAEA set forth a future vision entitled“JAEA 2050 +” which outlines its future profile, namely thegoals to be set and the actions to be taken toward thesegoals in order to continue its social contribution into the
future amid the rapidly changing nuclear energy
environment of recent years. The future vision envisages
progress toward fusion of the nuclear energy field withother fields with the aim of realizing a “New Era Nuclear
Science and Technology” that can contribute to resolving
global climate change, securing energy supply, andachieving the ideal future society (Society 5.0).
To propel efforts toward such innovation, JAEA will
enhance its activities to respond to social needs across a

broad range and its initiatives to actively bring its
technology seeds to social implementation.
I believe that the mission of JAEA as an R&D institute is tosteadily produce results through R&D, with safety assurance
as an absolute precondition.
I hope that you will find this report useful inunderstanding the various activities undertaken by JAEA
and request your continued support and understanding forour efforts.
July 2020

JAEA has specified its management principles in a stratified and integrated manner. Based on the purpose of its
establishment and its mission (roles to fulfill), JAEA has laid down basic policies and conduct standards and set
forth a management philosophy to serve as norms for the conduct of operations by its directors and employees.
Japanese versions of the Management Principles and the Conduct Standards are available at:https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/philosophy.html

02

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)03

Presidentʼs Philosophy and Management Policies and Strategies

Policies for Creating Value

Purpose and Business

Purpose of the Corporation[Management by the President]
JAEA runs its management cycle ̶a method tocontinuously make improvements by repeating thePlan, Do, Check, and Act (PDCA) cycle ̶ throughboard meetings led by the President and presidential
hearing sessions held twice a year.
Under the strong leadership of the President, adding
the viewpoints of the corporation, JAEA clarifies its
operations by introducing the concepts of Mission,
Vision, and Strategy (MVS) and Balanced Score Card
(BSC: a method to manage operations by specifying

targets and performance indicators from the viewpointsof organization and operation processes, finance andfacilities, human resource development, and thecustomer) for the entire JAEA. In addition, JAEA
visualizes its operations by introducing individual MVS
and BSC criteria for each business division and checking
the progress using key performance indicators(KPI: quantitative indicator to measure the operational
achievement level).

Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority
Operational results report(Self-assessment report)

National Research and Development
Agency Council
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Sub-Committee

Evaluation of operational results(Evaluation by competent ministers)

Reflect

Japan Atomic
Energy Agency

Plan

Do
Annual plan

President
Formulation of medium-/long-term plan

President

Implementation ofoperations according to plan

Operational
management cycle

Self-assessment committee

President
Formulation of annual plan

H2 Presidential
hearing session

President
Formulation of annual business policy
Quality policy concerning
nuclear safety management, etc.

R&D evaluation committee(External experts)

H1 Presidential
hearing session

Check

Check

ActionActionMission, Vision, and Strategy (MSV) of JAEA
Contribute to the welfare and prosperity of human society
through nuclear science and technology
To meet the expectations of Japanese citizens as Japanʼs sole comprehensive
nuclear research and development institute (we shall aim for the following)

VisionIn order to achieve its purpose as set out in Article 4 of the Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Independent Administrative
Agency, JAEA conducts the operations below (excluding those that fall under operations listed in Article 16, item (i), of the Act on
the National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology).
Basic research on nuclear energy(ii) Applied research on nuclear energy

Setting Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives

MissionOperations(i)Management by the President
Competent ministers

In accordance with the basic policy stipulated in Article 2 of the Atomic Energy Basic Act, JAEAʼs aims are to comprehensively,
systemically and efficiently conduct basic and applied research on nuclear energy, the development of fast breeder reactors toestablish the nuclear fuel cycle and the associated necessary nuclear fuel materials, and the development of technologies
related to nuclear fuel material reprocessing and high-level radioactive waste disposal; to disseminate the outcomes of theresearch; and thereby to contribute to the welfare of human society and to raising the standard of living of Japanʼs citizens.
(Article 4 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Independent Administrative Agency)

● A n organization that contributes to the development of nuclear science and technology,
to the peaceful use of global nuclear energy and to regional development●A n organization that promotes research into improving nuclear safety●A n organization that creates innovation through interaction and collaboration
with other fields of technology●A n organization that contributes to the solution of global climate change,
to ensuring energy stability and to the achievement of Society 5.0(iii) The following operations required to technologically establish the nuclear fuel cycle:
a. Development of fast breeder reactors (excluding where the building of a demonstration reactor is involved) and the associatednecessary researchb. Development of the nuclear fuel materials necessary for the operations shown in a. above and the associated necessary researchc. Development of technology related to nuclear fuel material reprocessing and the associated necessary researchd. Development of technology related to the processing and disposal of the high-level radioactive waste generated in association
with the operations shown in c. above and the associated necessary research(iv) Dissemination and promotion of the use of the results of the operations shown in (i) to (iii) above(v) The following operations related to radioactive waste disposal(excluding those that fall under operations of the Nuclear Waste Management Organization of Japan)
a. Final disposal, by means of burying, of the radioactive waste generated in association with the operations of JAEA and radioactive
waste entrusted to JAEA for disposal by external organizations (excluding waste generated by commercial nuclear power reactors, etc.)
b. Construction, improvement, maintenance and other management of facilities for burial disposal, closure of disposal facilities after
completion of burial disposal, and management of disposal facility sites after closure(vi) Provision of JAEAʼs facilities and equipment for R&D related to science and technology and for activities related to the development
and use of nuclear energy(vii) Development of researchers and technicians related to nuclear energy and improvement of their quality(viii) Collection, arrangement, and provision of information related to nuclear energy(ix) In addition to activities carried out as part of the operations shown in (i) to (iii) above, nuclear energy-related testing, research,
investigation, analysis, or assessment where deemed necessary and entrusted to JAEA by the head of a related administrative
organization or local public organization(x) Operations incidental to the operations shown in (i) to (ix) above(xi) Operations stipulated in Article 5, Paragraph 2, of the Act on the Promotion of Public Utilization of the Specific Advanced Large
Research Facilities (Act No.78 of 1994)(xii) In addition to the operations in (i) to (xi) above, and as far as they do not interfere with these, operations to store and/or dispose of
nuclear source materials (referring to nuclear source materials as stipulated in Article 3, Item (iii), of the Atomic Energy Basic Act),
nuclear fuel materials, or nuclear waste entrusted to JAEA by national government, local public organizations or other persons
specified by Cabinet Order.
(Article 17 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Independent Administrative Agency)

To lead nuclear research and development with a high organizational IQ●A n organization with high organizational IQ that always ensures safety first,
always thinks independently and always continues to improve its efficiency●A n organization that can best utilize limited resources (budget, assets, manpower)

To share a sense of value and uplift the level of job quality

e.g. formulation and implementation of “JAEA 2050 +” strategies and policies

To enhance efforts toward establishment of public acceptance

Strategy

e.g. placing utmost priority on safety, R&D incorporating external needs

To promote job prioritization, job streamlining, introduction of
information technology and introduction of all cutting-edge technology
e.g. redistribution of resources, gate control, Kaizen activities

To enact management reform with the establishment of clear and straightforward planse.g. targets, policies, KPIs, PDCA cycle, governance, safety management, internal control

04

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)05

Policies for Creating Value

Purpose and BusinessContribution to Society by
Achieving Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives and Plan
By achieving the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives specified by the competent minister, JAEA will actively
contribute to the development and use of nuclear energy throughout Japan, improvement of the safetyof nuclear energy in Japan and overseas, and the creation of innovation.

Activities to achieve targets

Social issues around JAEA

Contribution to society

Coop eration

Climate change,energy and resource
problems
Outcome of R&D Pertaining to the Response to the Accident at
TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station P.32–33

Safe nuclear
energy use

Message from the President

Response to the
Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power
Station Accident

Purpose and Business

P.2–4

Technological Support for Nuclear Safety Regulation and
Safety Research for This Purpose P.34–35

R&D Related to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle,
Such as Reprocessing, Fuel Manufacturing
and Treatment and Disposal of Radioactive Waste P.44–45

R&D for Improving Nuclear Safety and Activities That Contributeto Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security P.36–37

Activities for Sector of
Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration P.46–47

P.5–9

JAEAʼs Position and Rolein Japanʼs National Policy P.10
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives
Medium-/Long-Term Plan
Annual Plan P.11

Basic and Fundamental Research and Human Resources

Measures to Be Taken for Attaining Targets Concerning

Decommissioningof nuclear facilities
and management ofradioactive waste

Ensuring nuclear
nonproliferation andnuclear security

06

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

R&D on Fast Reactors and Advanced Reactors P.42–43

Development in the Nuclear Field P.38–41

Business Operations Placing Top Priority on Safety P.28–31

Cooperation and collaboration also with various stakeholders

Initiatives/Challenges for Sustainable Utilization of
Nuclear Science and Technology P.16

Initiatives for Industry-Academia-Government
Collaboration P.23

Environmental Impact and Status of Impact Reduction Activities P.17

Strengthening of the Organizational Concept andSecuring/Training Human Resources P.24–25

Operational and Management Challenges,
Risk Management Status and Countermeasures P.18–21
Public Consultation, Public Relations and Information Disclosure P.22

Realization of
Future Vision“JAEA 2050 +”P.8–9

Achievement ofMedium-/Long-Term
Objectives and Plan

• Contribution to solving
climate change issues• Contribution to ensuring
stable energy supply• Contribution to realizationof ideal future society(Society 5.0)

• Contribution toachievement of Sustainable
Development Goals (SDGs)

International Cooperation and Contribution P.26
Contribution to Regional Development P.27

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)07

Policies for Creating Value

Purpose and Business

Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +”JAEA has developed the Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +,” which outlines its ideal future profile in terms of

01 Goals to pursue and 02 Actions to take, in order to continue our social contribution into the future.

The vision is in line with the policy goals of the Japanese government [“Strategic Energy Plan,” “the Long-Term
Strategy under the Paris Agreement,” Society 5.0*1 and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)], taking into

consideration objective external points of view. It was released to the public on October 31, 2019.

02

Actions toward 2050
R&D for Making “New Era Nuclear Science and Technology” a Reality◆ For JAEA to continue contributing to society into the future, it is vital to push forward with cross-organizational andstrategic R&D in diverse fields. From this perspective, JAEA has established six research themes.

01(Each figure shows
an example of R&D.)

Pursuit of safety

Goals toward 2050

Research on safety enhancement following
the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station◆ We will seek to contribute to the creation of a better future and innovation for 2050, considering long-termclimate change mitigation measures and efficiently utilizing the potential of nuclear energy.

(a) With expertise gained through Nuclear Science and Technology,
we will contribute to finding solutions for global warming issues.

(b) Utilizing energy systems, including systems featuring nuclear fuel cycles of improved safety,
we will contribute to ensuring a stable energy supply.

(c) Through Nuclear Science and Technology, we will contribute to realizing the future society (Society 5.0).
◆ We will strive to realize “New Era Nuclear Science and Technology” that reaffirms the value of nuclear

safety in light of the lessons learned from TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident.

“New Era Nuclear Science and Technology”: renewed efforts to contribute to future society by ensuring aninteractive dialogue with society and the following:→ Development of a Nuclear Science and Technology system that addresses “S+3E,”*2 including further
enhancement of safety, and delivers the solutions to social challenges→ Creation of innovations through synergies with other areas of science and technology◆ We will strive to take full advantage of Nuclear Science and Technology to tackle challenges including ELSI*3

relevant to nuclear energy and present solutions for realizing “New Era Nuclear Science and Technology.”

Overall Image of the Future Vision of JAEA
Challenges of
Climate Change Issues

Collaboration throughsynergies with otherareas of Science andTechnology
Realization of
Ideal Future Society(Society 5.0)

Management ofradioactive materials

R&D for more rational means of
nuclear waste treatment and disposal

Accelerator-driven systems (ADS)

Decommissioning evolution

Development of sciences
through Nuclear Science andTechnology

Sophistication and spin-off*Novel material development,
Explosives detection system, others

New material synthesis using graphene sheet materials

Visualization technology for radioactivity distribution

Creation of new knowledge

Research on health monitoring devices
Food research, etc. using quantum beams
Research on wearable devices

Efforts/Challenges for Sustainable Utilization of Nuclear Science and Technology◆ The establishment of an R&D cycle for Nuclear Scienceand Technology, including addressing back-end issues,
is essential for long-term utilization of Nuclear Scienceand Technology. JAEA will tackle back-end issues not
only by developing technology but also throughdialogue with society, pursuing sustainable Nuclear
Science and Technology utilization that is trusted andaccepted by society to continue creating new value.

Seeking to realize sustainable Nuclear Science andTechnology that is trusted and accepted by society
Establishing a sustainable cycle for R&D of
Nuclear Science and Technology“Nuclear legacy” initiatives

Challenges to reduce
environmental burdenInternational Cooperation/International
Contribution and Regional Development

Redefining the Organizational Concept andSecuring/Training Human Resources◆ Actively participate in R&D cooperation with advanced◆ Reorganize JAEA to coordinate and collaborate with

nuclear energy countries, contribute to internationalorganizations and emerging nuclear energy countries,
and disseminate and conduct outreach concerning
R&D results◆ Contribute to strengthening the nuclear◆ Contribute to regional development• Addressing ELSI concerning nuclear energy• Contribution to regional development

as a community member• Further foster trust by community members• Contribute to the daily lives of regional members• Develop partnership with the community*1 “Society 5.0” refers to a future society to which Japan should aspire. Proposed for the first time in “The 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan” compiled by the Cabinet Officeof Japan, this is a society in which IoT would connect all people and things, enable the sharing of all sorts of knowledge and information and create new values. In “Society
5.0,” AI is expected to help free humans from the burdensome work of analyzing huge amounts of information, with robots and self-navigating cars used to overcome issues
such as Japanʼs falling birthrate, its aging population and underpopulation in rural areas.
*2 The “Strategic Energy Plan” defines the basic principles of Japanʼs energy policy, which are based on the premise of Safety, Energy security, Economic efficiency andEnvironment, or “S+3E.”*3 ELSI stands for Ethical, Legal and Social Issues that inevitably arise in association with the utilization of Nuclear Science and Technology.

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Development of cutting-edge
technologies for safe, fast and effective
decommissioning* Spin-off: Application of the technology developed in a certain domain to other domains

non-proliferation and nuclear security regime

08

High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor, Fast Reactor

Ensuring Stable
Energy Supply

Pursuing the
maximum potentialof Nuclear Scienceand Technology• Utmost priority placed on safety• International cooperation and contribution

Conceptual study of various reactor systems

Utilization of
nuclear energy

Development of ATF Cladding

Quest for an innovative
reactor system•C ontribute to the nurturing of future scientists andengineers

other sectors beyond the nuclear community andcontribute to future society◆ Secure and train human resourcesfrom a wide range of fields
The Vision for Human Resources Sought by JAEA
• Personnel with the ability to implement successful global activities
in society• Personnel with the ability to create new outputs and values• Personnel with the ability to play active roles in a wide range of fields• Personnel with the ability to work with other people and ensure
the safety of facilities• Personnel with the ability to deepen mutual understanding withsociety through dialogue

Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +” (in Japanese) https://www.jaea.go.jp/JAEA2050/
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)09

Policies for Creating Value

JAEAʼs Position and Role in Japanʼs National Policy

Contributing to
Human Society and Peoplesʼ Lives
Through R&D on Nuclear Energy
R&D at JAEA is placed within the policy framework below.

Overview of Medium-/Long-Term Objectives, Medium-/Long-Term Plan, and Annual Plan
JAEA conducts operations in accordance with the Medium-/Long-Term Plan formulated based on the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives
specified by the competent ministers and an annual plan laid down every fiscal year for achieving the Medium-/Long-Term Plan.

Medium-/Long-Term Objectives
In accordance with Article 35-4 of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies, the competent ministers
have set forth Medium-/Long-Term Objectives for the seven years from FY2015 to FY2021. FY2019 is the fifth year of that period.
The Medium-/Long-Term Objectives are outlined below.

Aiming to secure the energy sources indispensable to the lives of citizens through nuclear energy basedon the premise of safety assurance and to create scientific technologies and industries through nuclear
energy, JAEA will carry out R&D, from basic and fundamental research to R&D for the application andcommercialization of technology, disseminate the outcomes of this research, and thereby contribute to thewelfare of human society and to raising the standard of living of Japanʼs citizens.

On March 19, 2019, the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives were revised to reflect the content of the fifth Strategic Energy Plan, thebasic policy for the “Monju” decommissioning plan, and other relevant plans. The changes were made primarily in “IV. Mattersconcerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality in other areas,” especially for items “5. R&D on fast reactors andadvanced reactors” and “7. Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration.”
As a national research and development agency and as Japanʼs sole comprehensive research and development institute in thefield of nuclear energy, JAEA is to respond to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, and work on the
improvement of nuclear safety standards, promotion of basic and fundamental research and development of human resources in
the nuclear field, R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors, R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle such as treatment and disposalof radioactive waste, and activities for nuclear facility decommissioning demonstration, in accordance with the basic policy

Policy framework for JAEA

stipulated in Article 2 of the Atomic Energy Basic Act, the foundation of Japanʼs nuclear energy policy.

[National Policy][Article 7 of Atomic Energy Basic Act*1][Other Policies]“Activities such as basic research and applied researchon nuclear energy, the development of fast breeder
reactors and the necessary nuclear fuel materials forthe purpose of establishing a nuclear fuel cycle, thedevelopment of technology for reprocessing, etc. of
nuclear fuel materials, as well as the dissemination of
the results of such research and development, shallbe carried out by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency”

Fifth Science and Technology Basic Plan*2*1 Act No.186 of 1955

In implementing these R&D activities, and placing utmost priority on safety, JAEA, as a national research and development
agency, is to work not only on maximizing R&D outcomes but also on contributing to maximizing R&D achievements in the field of
nuclear science and technology throughout Japan through active cooperation and collaboration with universities and industry.
For details, please visit the website below.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy*3
Basic Policy for Nuclear Research and Development*4

Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Strategic Energy Plan*5
Plan for Global Warming Countermeasures*6
Long-Term Strategy under the Paris Agreement*7
etc.
*2 Cabinet Decision of January 2016. *3 Japan Atomic Energy Commission,
July 20, 2017. *4 Decided by Japan Atomic Energy Commission on June 12,2018. *5 Cabinet Decision of July 2018. *6 Cabinet Decision of May 2016.
*7 Cabinet Decision of June 11, 2019

Based on the Medium-/Long-Term Objectives as directed by the Government, and also in conformity with various national energy
policies encompassing nuclear energy and science and technology policies such as the “Basic Policy for Nuclear Energy” (decided
by the Atomic Energy Commission in July 2017), the “Strategic Energy Plan” (approved by the Cabinet in July 2018) and the “Fifth
Science and Technology Basic Plan” (approved by the Cabinet in January 2016), the Medium-/Long-Term Plan of the JAEA
describes its operations as follows.
I. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning business operations placing top priority on safety[Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, National Research and Development Agency]
Purpose: To contribute to the promotion of research, development and use of nuclear energy to support the welfare ofhuman society and the improvement of the standard of living of Japanʼs citizens
Operations: • Basic and applied R&D on nuclear energy• Operations necessary for technologically establishing the nuclear fuel cycle(development related to fast breeder reactors, reprocessing of nuclear fuel materials,
processing and disposal of high-level radioactive waste and associated necessary research, etc.)• Provision of the Agencyʼs facilities and equipment to external users,
development of researchers and technicians related to nuclear energy and improvement of their quality• Dissemination and promotion of use of achievements, collection, arrangement,
and provision of nuclear energy information
etc.

II. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality in other areas
1) R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
2) Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for this purpose
3) R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security
4) Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field5) R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors
6) R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuel manufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste7) Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration
8) Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of society

III. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to enhancing the efficiency of business operations
IV. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of finances
V. Important matters concerning other business operations
Please see the following URL for details.

[Activities as a Corporation during the present Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Period]
1. Matters concerning business operations placing top priority on safety
2. Matters concerning maximizing R&D outcomes and raising quality in other areas(1) R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station(2) Technological support for nuclear safety regulation andsafety research for this purpose(3) R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that
contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security(4) Basic and fundamental research and human resources
development in the nuclear field

10

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(5) R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors(6) R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as
reprocessing, fuel manufacturing and treatment anddisposal of radioactive waste(7) Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning
demonstration(8) Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government
collaboration and secure the trust of society

https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

Annual Plan
In accordance with Article 35-8 of the Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies, JAEA, prior to the start of thebusiness year, formulates a plan (fiscal year plan) related to operations for that fiscal year based on the Medium-/Long-Term Plan.
For details, please visit the website below.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)11

Foundation for Creating Value

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Board of Executive Directors

Governance

The Board of JAEA is composed of the President, the Vice President, 6 Executive Directors and 2 Auditors. The President
represents JAEA in all aspects and is responsible for the overall management of JAEA, while the Vice President assists the
President and acts on his/her behalf when deemed necessary or appropriate. The Executive Directors share the responsibilities ofdivisional management assigned to them using their strong relevant expertise, and the Auditors audit the overall work of JAEA.

Competent ministers (according to Article 28 of Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Independent Administrative Agency)

President

KODAMA Toshio

Executive Vice
President

ITO Yoichi

Executive Director

AOTO Kazumi

Executive Director

MIURA Yukitoshi

Executive Director

YAMAMOTO Tokuhiro

Career Outline
April 2015: President, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
February 2015: Vice President, Director General of Technology
Management, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI)(resigned March 2015)
June 2013: Managing Executive Officer,
Director General of Technology Management, MHI
April 2009: Executive Officer, Deputy Director General of Technology
Headquarters, MHI
April 1976: Joined Takasago Research Center,
Technology Headquarters, MHI

Executive Director

ITO Hajime

Career Outline
April 2019: Executive Vice President, JAEA
July 2017: Senior Deputy Minister of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT)
January 2016: Director-General,
Science and Technology Policy Bureau, MEXT
August 2015: Assistant Minister for policy coordination, MEXT
January 2012: Executive Director, JAEA
July 2010: Deputy Director-General,
Lifelong Learning Policy Bureau, MEXT
January 2001: Director, Private School Department,
Higher Education Bureau, MEXT
April 1982: Joined Science and Technology Agency

Career Outline
April 2015: Executive Director, JAEA
October 2014: Director General, Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor Monju,
Sector of Fast Reactor Research and Development, JAEA
April 2014: Deputy Director General, Fast Breeder Reactor Researchand Development Center, Tsuruga Head Office, JAEA
April 2013: Director General, Advanced Nuclear System Research andDevelopment Directorate, JAEA
April 2010: Deputy Director General, Advanced Nuclear System
Research and Development Directorate, JAEA

Executive Director

NODA Koichi

Executive Director

SUDO Kenji

Career Outline
April 2015: Executive Director, JAEA
October 2013: Director, Office of Monju Reorganization,
Monju Reorganization Headquarters, JAEA
April 2010: Supreme Researcher/Director,
Policy Planning and Administration Department, JAEA

Executive Director

YOSHIDA Kunihiro

Career Outline
April 2017: Executive Director, JAEA
April 2015: Director General,
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, JAEA
April 2014: Deputy Director General,
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, JAEA
April 2010: Director, Technology Development Department,
Tokai Reprocessing Technology Development Center,
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories,
Tokai Research and Development Center, JAEA

AuditorTANAKA Teruhiko

AuditorAMANO Reiko

Career Outline
June 2020: Retired JAEA
Apr. 2017: Executive Director, JAEA
Jun. 2016: Director, Decommissioning Technology Center,
Nuclear Power Generation Department,
Nuclear Energy Division, KEPCO
Jun. 2013: Chief Manager, Technology Operation Group,
Community Outreach Department,
Nuclear Energy Division, KEPCO
Sep. 2012: Manager, Severe Accident Response Project Team,
Nuclear Energy Planning Department,
Nuclear Energy Division, KEPCO
Apr. 1985: Joined Kansai Electric Power Company (KEPCO)

Career Outline
April 2017: Executive Director, JAEA
April 2015: Vice President,
National Institute of Technology and Evaluation
September 2013: Director, Decommissioning and Contaminated Water
Management Office, Nuclear Emergency Response
Headquarters, Cabinet Office
August 2012: Director, Nuclear Facilities Development
and Nuclear Fuel Cycle Industry Division,
Electricity and Gas Industry Department,
Agency for Natural Resources and Energy
April 1986: Joined Ministry of International Trade and Industry

Career Outline
April 2019: Executive Director, JAEA
January 2018: Director, National Space Policy Secretariat,
Cabinet Office
April 2016: Director, Department of General Affairs,
National Institutes for Quantum andRadiological Science and Technology
April 2014: Professor, Tokyo University of Agriculture andTechnology
August 2012: Deputy Director General, Research Strategy
Department, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
July 2009: Director for Resource Allocation, Bureau of Science,
Technology and Innovation, Cabinet Office
April 1989: Joined Science and Technology Agency

Career Outline
July 2020: Executive Director, JAEA
June 2019: Senior Executive Officer,
Deputy Executive General Manager,in charge of Tsuruga Head Office
June 2014: Executive Officer, Deputy Executive General Manager,in charge of Tsuruga Head Office and Superintendent of
Tsuruga Plant Construction Arrangements Office
June 2012: Senior General Manager,
Deputy Executive General Manager,in charge of Tsuruga Head Office and Superintendent of
Tsuruga Plant Construction Arrangements Office
April 1980: Joined Japan Atomic Power Company

Competent ministers
Operations item in the Medium-/Long-Term Plan

I. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning business operations placing top priority on safety

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

●

●

●*

●

●*

●

●*

1. R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station●

2. Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for this purpose●

3. R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contributeto nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security●

4. Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field●

5. R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors

●

●

●*

6. R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing,fuel manufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste

●

●

●*
●*

●*

●*

7. Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration●●

8. Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of society●●

III. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to enhancing the efficiency of business operations●●

IV. Measures to be taken for attaining targets related to improving the state of finances●●

V. Important matters concerning other business operations●●* (Safety assurance matter)

JAEAʼs Governance System
The figure below shows JAEAʼs governance system. In
accordance with the partial amendment of the Act onGeneral Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies in
2014, we changed the statement of operational proceduresin 2015. Following the change, JAEAʼs statement ofoperational procedures now sets out the rules for decision
making led by the President, the internal control promotion
system, auditor audit, and other relevant systems as aframework to ensure the conformity of the execution ofduties by the directors and employees of JAEA with
relevant laws and regulations such as the Act on General
Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies and toensure the appropriateness of JAEAʼs operations.
For the details of the internal control system, pleaserefer to our statement of operation procedures.
(https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese))

JAEAʼs Governance System
Competent ministers: Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority)(Act on General Rules for Incorporated Administrative Agencies, Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Independent Administrative Agency)
Appointment

Selection

External experts
included in members
No external experts
included in members

Appointment

Career Outline
September 2019: Auditor, JAEA
July 2018: Representative, Tanaka Teruhiko Audit Firm
May 2002: Representative partner, Shinwa Audit Corporation
October 1979: Joined Shinwa Audit Corporation(currently KPMG AZSA LLC.)

Accounting auditor

Accounting audit

AdvicePresident
Assistancein decision
makingAdvice, proposals

Career Outline
September 2019: Auditor, JAEA
October 2014: Deputy Director-General, Innovation Center for
Meteorological Disaster Mitigation and ResearchCenter for Disaster Resilience, National ResearchInstitute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience
February 2014: Dedicated Officer, Intellectual Property and License
Department, Kajima Corporation
April 2011: Manager, Intellectual Property and License Department,
Kajima Corporation
April 2005: Manager, Civil Engineering Technology Department,
Civil Engineering Management Division,
Kajima Corporation
March 2004: Institute of Industrial Science,
The University of Tokyo Visiting Professor
April 1980: Joined Kajima Corporation

Nuclear
Regulation
Authority

II. Measures to be taken for attaining targets concerning maximizing R&D outcomes
and raising quality in other areas

Science Advisory
Committee

Management
Advisory Council

Senior Advisors(R&D in general)(Management in general)(Safety assurance)

Appointment

Board of
Executive
Directors

Executive Vice
President
Executive Directors

Auditors

Giving advice, reply to questions
Contract
Monitoring
Committee

Oversight
Committee(Procurement
procedures)(Conflict ofinterest)

Selfassessment
committee

Agency-Wide
Safety Review andQuality AssuranceCommittee

Risk
Management
Committee(Nuclear safety,
quality assurance)(Risk management)(Operational results)

Implementation of operations based onpolicies set by PresidentManagement Sector

Common Mission Sector

General Affairs Department
Personnel Department
Contract Department
Financial Affairs Department
Public Relations Department
etc.

Intellectual Resources
Management and R&D
Collaboration Department
Construction Department

Self-assessment report reflecting
opinions of R&D evaluation committee

Deliberation report fromR&D evaluation committee

Research and Development Sectors (Director General: Executive Director)
Givingadvice,reply toquestionsetc.

Provision of information

12

Minister of
Minister of
Education, Culture, Economy,
TradeSports, Scienceand Industry
and Technology

R&D evaluationcommittee

Sector of Fukushima
Research and Development

Sector of Nuclear Safety
Research and Emergency
Preparedness

Sector of Nuclear
Science Research

Sector of Fast Reactor
and Advanced Reactor
Research and Development

Sector of Nuclear Fuel,
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technology
Development

Sector of Tsuruga
Decommissioning
Demonstration

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)13

Foundation for Creating Value

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Net Assets

Sources of Revenue(1) Capital Stock
Items(¥ million)
Starting balance

Increase in the fiscal year

Decrease in the fiscal year

Ending balance

Government investment

803,9620

1,730

802,232

Private investment

16,3290

37

16,292

Total capital stock

820,291

0

1,767

818,524

The capital stock (government investment) at the end of FY2019 was 802,232 million yen, of which the general accountaccounted for 278,950 million yen and the power usage account for 523,282 million yen.

(2) Appropriated Retained Earnings, etc.
In the burial disposal business account, a gross profit of 1,769 million yen was generated for the fiscal year. In accordance with
Article 21, Paragraph 4, of the Japan Atomic Energy Agency Act, this must be appropriated as a fund for burial disposal andrelated operations in the next and subsequent fiscal years and need not be reported as appropriated retained earnings.
The reversal of reserves carried over from the previous Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period is a reversal of 190 million yen,
an amount equivalent to the cost incurred in FY2019 proportional to the accounting profit (general account of 3,442 million yen)that was recorded prior to the Second Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period and carried over to the Third Medium-/Long-Term
Objectives period after obtaining approval from the Competent Ministers.

14

Japan Atomic Energy Agency(1) Breakdown of Sources of Revenue
JAEAʼs main income is funding from the national treasury, namely government funding for operational grant (132,443
million yen) and subsidies (17,559 million yen). In addition, as self-generated income, JAEA acquired competitive funds(643 million yen) through active applications and obtained external funds (11,098 million yen) from government-relatedorganizations for entrusted research and other research activities.

(2) Explanation of Self-Generated Income
JAEA worked to secure new self-generated income by identifying research needs at external organizations, including
conclusion of income-generating joint research contracts and active application to competitive research funds.
JAEAʼs main self-generated income is:• Entrusted research (11,098 million yen)
• Competitive research funding (643 million yen)
• Joint research (239 million yen)
• External use of facilities (25 million yen)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)15

Foundation for Creating Value

Fountainhead for Sustainable and Appropriate Service Provision

Initiatives/Challenges for Sustainable Utilization of
Nuclear Science and Technology

Environmental Impact and Status of
Impact Reduction Activities

Approach to “Nuclear Legacy”

Environmental Management

Since the Atomic Energy Basic Act of Japan came into
effect in 1955, more than 60 years have passed, and various
facilities have completed their missions and are moving to
the decommissioning stage. Efforts to address back-end
issues have therefore become important.
JAEA has various facilities which have supported R&D on
nuclear science and technology and have completed their
missions. We also have various types of radioactive waste
generated through R&D. It is indispensable for us to steadily
work on the nuclear legacy, radioactive waste managementand decommissioning evolution in order to gain the trust ofsociety and make nuclear science and technology
sustainable well into the future.

Management of radioactive materials: Aiming to promote
more efficient means of radioactive waste treatment anddisposal, we will conduct R&D on the reduction of volume
and radiotoxicity of radioactive waste through partitioning
and transmutation technology.
Decommissioning evolution: We will optimize the entire
process of decommissioning including technology
development, and steadily advance with the safe, speedy
and efficient decommissioning of our various retired
facilities using state-of-the-art technologies.

Formulation of anenvironmental policy andtargets and compiling ofactivity results

In FY2019, JAEA conducted measures to maintain thesafety of facilities and the management of back-end issues
according to a formulated plan, and to study measures toaccelerate the treatment of radioactive waste. Regarding
the decommissioning of the Tokai Reprocessing Plant,
taking into account the interruption of vitrification, safetymeasures for the high-level radioactive liquid waste storage
facility were regarded as an urgent management issue, andit was decided to implement emergency measures.

Selection andConsolidation

Implementation of
measures required by the
Act on Rationalizing Energy
Use and the Act on
Promotion of Global
Warming Countermeasures

Apr.

1Q

May

Jun.

Jul.

Evaluate target achievement inprevious fiscal year and reportresults to Environmental Committee

2Q

Aug.

Sep.

Oct.

Promote environmentconscious activities based onpolicy and targets

3Q

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

4Q

Feb.

Mar.

Evaluate activity results and formulate corresponding
plan for following fiscal year, including basic
environmental policy and environmental targets

Prepare periodic and other reports required by the Acts andsubmit them to national authority

Training session on
environment-conscious
activities

Organize training session on
environment-conscious activities

Training Session on Environment-Conscious Activities
Every year, JAEA invites an external lecturer to give training to employees and other staff and hosts a meeting to encourage
an exchange of views. These training sessions are expected to serve the purpose of the promotion and active implementationof environment-conscious activities and the improvement of the skills of relevant personnel.

Initiatives to Promote Energy-Saving Activities• Prioritization offacilities• Cost reduction

The Medium-/Long-Term
Management Plan of
JAEA Facilities• Adaptation to new
regulations• Earthquake resistancemeasures• Measures against
aging

The chart below shows how we plan and implement our environment-conscious activities in each fiscal year. The activity
results undergo review by the relevant committees, including the Environmental Committee, and are incorporated into thefollowing yearʼs basic environmental policy and environmental targets.

Major action* For details of the Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities, please see
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/facilities_plan/ (in Japanese)

Measures to
Maintain Safety* For the basic environmental policy, please visit the JAEA website. https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/safety/ (in Japanese) (Safety assurance activities page)

Result of FY2019 Environment-Conscious Activities

Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA Facilities
JAEA formulated the Medium-/Long-Term Management
Plan for JAEA Facilities on April 1, 2017, in order tomaximize the use of resources and maintain and develop
R&D functions in the future. This comprehensive plan
focuses on three objectives: selection and consolidationof JAEAʼs nuclear facilities; measures to maintain thesafety of facilities; and management of back-end issues.
The Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA
Facilities is updated every fiscal year based on progress.

JAEA regards consideration for the environment as a high-priority issue in its operations, and has formulated “Rules on
Environmental Management,” on the basis of which the President adopts a basic environmental policy for each fiscal year.
Under the policy, we set environmental targets and proactively undertake environment-conscious activities.
Moreover, to promote environment-conscious activities, we have set up an environmental management framework, which
includes an Environmental Committee and a Meeting of Section Heads in Charge of Environmentally Conscious Activities.

Management of
Back-End Issues• Decommissioning• Waste treatment
and disposal

Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA) promotes environment-conscious activities for energy conservation. JAEAʼs sites at six
locations are designated Energy Management Factories under the Act on the Rational Use of Energy (hereinafter “Energy
Conservation Act”). Accordingly, these locations promote energy conservation activities in line with medium-/long-term plans
drawn up based on the Energy Conservation Law. Other locations and offices also engage in energy conservation efforts.

Consideration for the Environment
In accordance with the “Act on Promotion of Contracts of National Governments and Other Entities Involving Due Care for
Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission,” JAEA works continuously for environment-conscious agreements and procurement
and on other activities relating to the input materials required for its operations. Additionally, JAEA sites proactively implement
initiatives to improve and beautify the environment inside and outside their compounds, such as planting trees and flowers,
weeding, and cleaning up.
JAEA implements its operations in an environment-conscious manner with a strong awareness of its corporate social
responsibility.
* For detailed information on environment-conscious activities, please visit the JAEA website (Environmental Information).
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/environment/ (in Japanese)

16

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)17

Foundation for Creating Value

Operational and Management Challenges, Risk Management Status and Countermeasures

Status of Risk Management
Appropriate Contracting Practice (Ensuring Fairness, Transparency and Efficiency)
JAEA implements risk management activities to reduce and prevent potential risks,
including compliance risk and incidents at nuclear power facilities.

JAEA formulates a Procurement Rationalization Plan*1 for each fiscal year. According to this plan, we implement the plan-docheck-act (PDCA) cycle to promote autonomous and continuous rationalization of procurement and related activities, while
ensuring fairness and transparency.
We promote procurement of eco-friendly products*2, such as those designated under the Act on Promoting Green
Procurement, in the interest of environmental preservation. We also purchase products preferentially from organizations
supporting persons with disabilities*3.

Risk Management Activities*1 For details of the Procurement Rationalization Plan, please see the JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/contract/ (in Japanese)

Following the FY2018 contamination incident in the controlled area of the
Plutonium Fuel Fabrication Facility, in FY2019 JAEA steadily implemented
risk management activities prioritizing security, reducing risks byidentifying, analyzing and assessing risks to and taking measures basedon the assessment.

*2, 3 For details of performance, please refer to the following webpages:
Procurement performance of eco-friendly products https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/green/ (in Japanese)
Procurement performance of products from organizations supporting persons with disabilities https://www.jaea.go.jp/for_company/supply/handicapped/ (in Japanese)

PDCA Cycle in JAEAʼs Contracting Process

Compliance Activities

Compliance awareness poster(Coordinated activity by National Research andDevelopment Agency Council)

Chairman President

and heads of relevant departments

Risk Management Manager(Executive Directors and heads ofdepartments)[The PDCA of risk management activities]

ReportingExpert Committee on Reported Incidents
Deliberation on and review of matters related toreported incidents and compliance
Chairman Executive Director in charge of legal affairs and audits
Members Relevant Executive Directors, department heads and lawyers

P : Formulation of Risk Management
Promotion Policies by the President
D: Formulation of Risk Management Plan for
Each Fiscal Year, Implementation of Risk
Response Plan in Each JAEA sector
C: Assessment by The Risk Management
Committee
A: Review of Risk Management Promotion
Policies for the Next Fiscal Year

Collaboration with Agency Lawyers
Deliberation/review

Legal and Audit Department

Formulation of Risk Management Planfor Each Fiscal Year

Secretariat to Risk Management Office
Legal Consultation Hotline

Internal Hotline• To ensure fair contracts, we incorporate
the results of follow-up checks andinspections into the following fiscal
yearʼs plan and individual contracts.

Procurement
Rationalization Plan

• The Contract Monitoring Committee,
which comprises the Auditors of
JAEA and external experts, checks
the implementation progress of the
Procurement Rationalization Plan andcarries out follow-up inspections ofindividual contracts.

Action• We formulated the FY2019
Procurement Rationalization
Plan in June 2019 throughreview and approval by theContract Monitoring
Committee.

•E fforts to cultivate risk
management andcompliance awarenessbased on annual plan

Legal advice onvarious matters
Reporting•T raining

Risk Management Officer (Director General of Each JAEA
R&D Institute and Center, Director of Each Head Office, etc.)

ReportingDo

Do

Implementation of Efficient Procurement• Our main tool for procurement is in principle general competitive bidding. However, taking into account our highly specialized R&D
characteristics that require a high level of expertise, we make flexible use of diverse contract types to ensure efficient procurementthat is also fair and transparent.
Efforts to Ensure Competitive Opportunities in Contracting Process• When conducting bidding, we strive to provide competitive opportunities to participants by not imposing unnecessarily strict entry
conditions, creating easy-to-understand specifications, providing a sufficient public notice period and posting our annual procurement
plan on our website.
• We also make efforts to increase the number of bid participants. As part of these efforts, we conduct questionnaire surveys to ask
companies that did not participate in the bidding about the reasons for their not taking part. We post on our website a “JAEA bid
participation guide” that explains the procedure for participating. For contracts involving a large amount of money, we hold abidding briefing session in advance to promote understanding of our specifications.
Efforts to Prevent Collusive Rigging Involving Government Agencies

External Hotline

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Strict Review and Monitoring Systems

Risk Management Committee
Members Executive Vice President, Executive Directors

18

Plan

Deliberation on matters related to risk management

Formulation of Risk Management Promotion Policies

Risk management andcompliance activities ineach JAEA organization

Incorporation of Inspection Results
into Following Fiscal Yearʼs Plan

• A potential contract undergoes priorreview by the Contract Review
Committee, whose members include
external experts. This review checks
the entry conditions, and, in the caseof negotiated contracts, the reasonsfor using single tendering andwhether competitive bidding is
indeed unfeasible.

Organizational Chart of JAEA Risk Management Activity
President Supervision of risk management

Check

Plan

In FY2019, JAEA produced a Compliance Guidebook based on internal incidents and the
instructional materials of other agencies. The Guidebook was distributed to the Executive
Directors as well as employees. Compliance training was provided for new recruits andemployees newly promoted to managerial level (3 courses with 193 participants in total)
and interdepartmental training sessions were held (615 participants in total) as part ofactivities to confirm and consolidate compliance awareness.
We also worked to raise compliance awareness through other activities, such as
participating in the National Research and Development Agency Councilʼs complianceexpert committee and the compliance promotion week organized by the committee.

ActionCheck

Compliance training(Fukushima Head Office)•L egal measures toprevent and resolve
legal issues• An e-learning-based education and awareness campaign for all employees was conducted as a measure to prevent collusive rigging
involving government agencies.

Each Sector within JAEA (Workplace)

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)19

Foundation for Creating Value

Operational and Management Challenges, Risk Management Status and Countermeasures

Operation Reform
Promotion of JAEA Reform under the Strong Leadership of the President
In order to overcome its urgent management challenges and steadily accomplish its mission, JAEA establishedthe Smart Operation Promotion Office as a control tower to thrust activities reflecting the Presidentʼs firm
determination and leadership toward JAEA reform in April 2019, which it has been working to achieve ever since.

Evaluation of Activities in FY2019 and Future Activities
As shown in the table below, steady progress and achievement can be observed in many tasks, and the series of activities
fostered the spread of reform throughout JAEA. However, many tasks remain unaccomplished, and the assessment is“The reform activities are still at the midway stage.” In FY2020, we will accelerate the reform activities to attain even further
quantifiable achievements.

Framework of Structural Reform
List of Status and Achievements in FY2019

Board of Executive Directors

President

Category of task
Instruction for organization
and reform

Reporting

Smart Operation Promotion Office
Presentation ofreform proposals

AdviceStatus checking
and reporting

Main activity item

• International trends were summarized (7 items) by country and by theme, reported to
management, and reflected in business policy, etc.

• Raising awareness to create “safety first”
culture• Measures to raise employee motivation• A system was established to study methods of reflecting accidents at otherdepartments in oneʼs own department and achieving improvements through casestudy activity.
• A culture of autonomous improvement of issues at workplaces is being createdthrough the Genki Kojo Campaign led by 132 on-site leader-level personnel.
• The quota system of Kaizen activities was reviewed and good practice cases wereactively shared within JAEA.

• Promotion of cross-divisional sharing ofoperations• Vitalization of liaison meetings (for 13 items) to promote cross-divisional sharing oftechnology and operations was carried out. A new cross-divisional sharing liaison
meeting is being established for tasks (9 items) that greatly benefit from collaboration.

• Consideration of introduction of
IT-based operations• Reduction of meetings
Downsizing of operations• Introduction of online ordering system,
reduction of contract procedure period• Robotic Process Automation (RPA) was promoted and its operation started for 3 items(expected to save 440 hours of labor per year).
• As part of rationalization of meetings, 142 of 527 meetings were discontinued(reduction rate: 27%).
• Introduction of online ordering system planned from FY2021. This will reduce durationof contracting procedures by 2-3 weeks.

5

Omnidirectional cost
reduction(applies to all operations;no exceptions)• Guidance on cost reduction throughcontract hearings• Guidance on cost reduction including revision of specifications was carried out(80 items) in on-site contract hearings at all JAEA bases and cost reduction ofbillions of yen achieved.

6

Outsourcing of non-core
operations• Identification of outsourceable
operations covering all JAEA operations• Tasks identified by hearings conducted at relevant organizations (e.g. clarification ofoperations to be considered for outsourcing) were submitted to management.

7

Improvement of research
quality, development ofinnovation-oriented
research• Reduction of non-research burden forresearchers• Through questionnaires to the researchers revealed a heavy burden concerning
non-research tasks (e.g. administrative procedures, general health- and safety-related
matters), and were identified for streamlining.

8

Rectifying humanresources-related
operations• Clarification of future profile and raisingof motivation through formulation of
personal training plans• Appropriate personnel procurement• Fluidization of same-type workforce
within JAEA

• Personal training plans were formulated for every young employee for the first time at
JAEA.
• A degree acquisition support system was established and the staff recruitment policy
was changed.
• Method to pool the same-type human resources, etc. is under consideration.

9

Exit strategy• External dissemination of technology
seeds, dissemination of external needs
within JAEA

• Organization of dissemination functions and optimization of R&D and innovation
creation support functions are in progress.

• Review of skills required for managerial
positions• Skills required for managerial positions were reorganized and management training ineach phase was enhanced.

• Review of resource allocation• Allocation of personnel expenses for employees was reviewed for the contracted
research expenses received from private sector.

• Improvement of safety management
operations• Review of responsibility boundaries
between the contractors with orderreceiving enterprises• Review of responsibilities and authorities of divisions in charge of safety management
at headquarters and bases are in progress.
• Among operations inside radiation-controlled areas, orders that had been in singlebidder tendering for a long period (45 items) were changed to private contracts, andthe work content and scope of responsibility of order-receiving enterprises wereclarified in specifications documents.

2

Reform employee
awareness

3

Organizational structure,
removal of verticaldivisions (barriers)

Reform status reporting• Deliberation and decision of action plans• Follow-up of reform status

Operation Reform Promotion Committee

Each department/
sectorEach department/
sector・・・・・・
4

・Execution of reform

Necessity of Structural Reform
JAEAʼs environment is full of operational challenges, including aging facilities and equipment, increasing workload in waste
management and decommissioning, and a decreasing trend in the R&D budget and staff numbers. To overcome these issues,
it is imperative for JAEA to continue with reform by promoting the elimination of inefficient or wasteful activities, operational
efficiency improvement and operational consolidation, introduction of IT, and other initiatives.

Identification of Specific Tasks, Formulationof Reform Policies and Action Plans
Approximately 1,000 “tasks required for JAEA reform”
have been gathered and identified through opinion
exchanges with employees and recommendations
from external committees, which we classified into 12
categories, and formulated 111 reform policies.
Of the reform policies, 57 items with higher
priority were categorized into utmost priority tasks
and priority tasks, depending on their urgency, andAction Plans (AP) were formulated clarifying “who”
does “what” and “by when.”

From Identification of Tasks to Formulation of Action Plans
Compiling of tasks
Opinion exchange
sessions, past reform
activities, external
committees, etc.

1,008 issues

Formulation of AP

Classification andconsolidation(grouping)

12 categories
83 issues

Reform policies
111

Development of
10 management andmanagerial ability

Prioritization(1) Utmost priority tasks:
15 items(2) Priority tasks:
42 items(3) Low-priority tasks:
27 items

11
Formulation of AP
57 items

Main achievement• Understanding situations inside andoutside Japan1• Identification, categorization
and analysis of tasks• Formulation of draft action plans• Follow-up and evaluation of reform status

Clarification of positionof JAEA

Rectifying budget
management operations

Rectifying safety
12 management-related
operations(4) Low-importance tasks:
27 items

527

Execution and Follow-up of Action Plans
The content of the Action Plans was made available to all JAEA staff,
and JAEA worked as one on its execution through role-sharing andsplitting and collaboration with relevant departments and sections.
We are promoting the JAEA reform while quantifying theoutcome of activities where possible and adjusting Action Plans as
appropriate based on a monthly progress check by the Operation
Reform Promotion Committee and opinions gathered from staff.

20

142 meetings discontinued
Reduction rate: 27%
Additionally:

AP Execution and Follow-up Cycle

385• reduction of
number of participants• reduction of frequency• reduction of duration• promotion of
paperless meetings• promotion of
online meetings

Execution of AP

Adjustment of AP

for continued meetings,
rationalization measures arebeing implemented such as:

Summarization of outcome(monthly)
Before reduction
Cross-divisional RPA reporting session

After reduction

Reduction of number of meetings

Operation Reform Promotion Committee
Employee opinion exchange session

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)21

Foundation for Creating Value

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

Public Consultation, Public Relations and Information Disclosure

Initiatives for Industry-Academia-Government Collaboration

JAEA ensures the transparency of its operations by proactively communicating facility safety and other informationin addition to disseminating the outcomes of its R&D activities. At the same time, JAEA works to foster mutual
understanding with local communities and society as part of its efforts to earn their trust through dialog activities,
such as participation in exhibition events.

As well as giving back to society the R&D results it produces,
JAEA launches initiatives that generate innovation. These
include R&D through industry-academia-government
collaboration, transfer of patents and other intellectual
property, provision of facilities, and dissemination of
information on research results such as academic papers.
In FY2019, we carried out 244 new joint research projects
and 127 new contract research projects with the government,
universities, private companies, etc., and also provided
JAEA-owned facilities on 137 occasions. Continuing from
FY2018, we held the 2nd JAEA Technology Salon, where
JAEA researchers gave presentations on advanced
technologies and discussed issues in their practicalapplication and the possibility of commercialization withexternal experts. By inviting private companies from outside
the nuclear field to this event, we aim to drive R&D throughthe fusion of different and heterogeneous fields and topromote the utilization of R&D results. As part of the eventʼs
success, we have received technical consultations for joint
research from private companies that we had no dealings
with before. At various exhibitions, including events

Prompt and Proactive Distribution and Disclosure ofInformation and Transparency
JAEA actively provides and discloses information. In doing so, we try
to make information easy and clear to understand by converting it toknowledge and incorporating risk communication techniques. When
distributing R&D results and information at exhibition events, we use
both paper media such as public relations magazines and electronic
media such as social networking services (SNS) and utilize video
clips and effective photographs where possible to help people
understand the content of research that may otherwise appear
distant from daily life.
Meanwhile, in case of an accident or problem, JAEA disseminates
information prioritizing promptness and accuracy.
(SNS: official Twitter account / ＠JAEA_japan)

Event notification on Twitter

Public relations magazine on Twittersponsored by organizations other than JAEA, we introduce
JAEAʼs intellectual property and technologies and actively
promote their transfer to private companies. We have asystem to promote contract joint research with privatecompanies for practical application of intellectual property
owned by JAEA.
In addition to the above, in FY2019, JAEA formulated
the Basic Policy for Handling of Research Data and the
Basic Policy for Provision of Facilities to actively promote
open innovation and open science.
The results of R&D, including academic papers andpatents released by JAEA (totaling approximately 110,000),
can be viewed on the JAEA Originated Papers Searching
System (JOPSS).
* For details of industry-academia-government collaboration and R&D results,
please visit the JAEA website.
https://tenkai.jaea.go.jp (in Japanese)

Crowdfunding on Twitter

Science Cafés and Open Facility Days

JAEA promotes direct dialog with all interested parties
through exhibitions to disseminate its research outcomesand participation in educational
events such as science
experiment classes and sciencecafés. JAEA also conducts “openfacility” days and facility tours toprovide the public with theopportunity to directly observe
Scientific knowledge
familiarization eventand learn about its operations.

Timely and Appropriate Press Releases and Accurateand Easy-to-Understand Information Dissemination

JAEA periodically holds lecture sessions on how to writepress release documents for its staff and encourages creative
expression to convey the writerʼs intent, aiming to improve
the rate of documentation. We have also opened a page on
the JAEA website containing an abstract version of press
releases written in an easy-to-understand manner.
(https://www.jaea.go.jp/study_results/representative/(in Japanese))
Radiation Measuring
shieldenvironment[2-dimensional]

JAEA responds promptly and appropriately to disclosure
requests as provided for in the so-called Act on Access toInformation. JAEA also works to confirm the objectivity andtransparency of its operations, including through theoperation of a Public Information Committee composed ofexternal experts to verify the proper operation of its
information disclosure system.
(https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/information_disclosure/(in Japanese))At the FY2019 session of the JAEA annual symposium, theagenda included the Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +,” JAEAʼs
R&D, and its contribution to therevitalization and reconstructionof Fukushima, which wereaddressed in discussion sessions.

JAEA annual symposium

2nd JAEA Technology Salon

TOPICS• Technology for making catalysts to detoxify harmful
substances while recovering precious metals• Technology for high-degree purification of extremely
small samples

Photon spectrum measurement system
Preamplifier• Element and isotope analysis technology using a
supersonic plasma wind tunnel

Laptop• Photon spectrum measurement system that can beused in high dose rate environments

Wave height
analyzer• Detector identification technology using
waveform analysis

High dose rate area

• Residual stress measurement technology using
neutron diffraction method

3D modelingHigh dose rate area

11 large research facilities〇 Some of the JAEA Technologies Presented at the 2nd JAEA Technology Salon

Briefings on Activity Results[3-dimensional]

Imaging result

Robot

Information Disclosure• High-temperature gas-cooled reactor

TripodLaBr3(Ce) scintillation detector

Easy-to-understandresearch outcome
Downsizing and light-weighting to enable mounting on a robot
allowed JAEA to make successful measurements inside a
one-story building which personnel cannot enter for long periods.
Current imaging results only allow cross-sectional visualization.

22

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

A 3D model of the work area was created based on the
distribution of radiation measured. Hot spots in the work area
were visualized.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)23

Foundation for Creating Value

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

Strengthening of the Organizational Concept and Securing/
Training Human Resources
With a view to maximizing R&D outcomes and carrying out efficient operations, JAEA has formulated a Human
Resources Policy which sets out the ideal employee profile and includes related career path policies. By increasing
employee motivation and improving their qualifications and capabilities in this way, JAEA is promoting humanresource development in a systematic and organized manner.

Ideal JAEA Employee Profile(1) Persons who understand JAEAʼs management philosophy and can implement it in a reliable and self-motivated manner(2) Persons who play an active role in the international community while demonstrating originality and an innovative mindset
in their respective areas of specialty(3) Persons who understand their respective role within the organizational structure and demonstrate a high level of expertise
while collaborating with others

Operations Respecting Individual Employees
Promotion of Work-Life Balance“Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for Balancing Work and Child Care
JAEA has in place a variety of short- and long-term leave systems collectively called “Genki! Ikukatsu Menu” for both female
and male employees to assist them in achieving a balance between work and child care. In FY2019, JAEA commenced trial
operation of a telecommuting system for employees engaged in child care and nursing care.
Maternity leave before
Maternity leave afterchildbirth (special leave) childbirth (special leave)
6 weeks

Short-term child-careleave (special leave)

8 weeks

Child-care leave
Partial leave
Early start/late start system, flextime system

For
Mothers

Exemption from overtime and holiday work

Limitation on overtime and holiday work

Limitation on late-night work
Special measures
to avoid crowded commuting hours

Career Path Policies

Nursing-care leave for sick/injured children (special leave)

Reduction of workload, etc.

JAEA formulates organizational training plans that reflect the actual circumstances of individual organizations. Based on theorganizational training plans, JAEA formulates a personal training plan for each staff member and holds annual training
interviews to provide follow-up and career path adjustment as necessary. In this way, JAEA endeavors to assist employees indeveloping a unique career that fits individual skills and aptitude and works to improve the capabilities of each employee andtranslate the outcomes into improved performance for the entire organization.

Additional breaks during working hours, health guidance and health checkups
Limitation on overtime, holiday work, and late-night work
Leave and day-off saving system

Pregnancy
periodChildbirthAged 1

Aged 3

Aged 6

Aged 8Aged 12Paternity leave(special leave of 3 days)
Paternal child-care leave (special leave of 5 days)
Short-term child-care leave (special leave)
Child-care leave

Improving Performance Across the Organization
by Enhancing Individual Capabilities!

For
Fathers

Gain experience in a diverse
range of operations andbecome an active main player
in the workplace
Gain basic
knowledge and work
to improve expertise

Skill development stage

Engage in planning,
administration andother operations
utilizing management skills

Career-specific progression stage
Skill application andtesting stage

Approximate
6-7 years
years ofservice* Example of a new university graduate

Managementtrack

14-15 years

Engineering
positions

Example activities: Support for acquisition of doctoral degree; basic
training for research positions; seminars on methodology for drafting
research papers; support for presentations at academic conferences;dispatch to overseas research and other organizations and overseas
nuclear study programs; utilization of cross-appointment system.

Play active role as engineer, engaging in latest technology
development and operating cutting-edge facilities

Example activities: On-the-job training by senior colleagues at nuclear
facilities; encouragement of acquisition of government-sanctioned
qualifications and nurturing of legally required chief engineers;
dispatch to overseas research and other organizations and overseas
nuclear study programs.

Exemption from overtime and holiday work

Nursing-care leave for sick/injured children (special leave)

Seniormanagement
activity stage

Specialized fieldtrack

20 years and more

Contribute to smooth execution of JAEA operations
and serve as bridge between specialists and society

Administrative
positions

Varioustraining
programs

Example activities: Experience of different administrative
operations through job rotation system; transfer to internationalorganizations or overseas offices and temporary assignment tocentral government ministries and agencies; improvement ofexpertise through participation in external seminars.

Activities to develop capabilities as a group of
specialists trusted by society

Example activities: Training for new employees; training for
mid-career employees; training for employees promoted to
managerial positions; basic and applied courses in nuclear
energy; practical business language training.

Framework of Employee Development
Our efforts to promote human resource development in a well-planned and systematic manner comprise on-the-job training,which provides guidance in each workplace on carrying out duties, and off-the-job training to complement on-the-job training.

24

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Limitation on overtime and holiday work

Limitation on late-night work

Leave and day-off saving system•R ate of child-care leave usage (FY2019 result)Female employees
92.31%• Ratio of female employees newly employed in FY2019 (as of April 1, 2020) 20.9%• Ratio of female employees (as of April 1, 2020)
10.6%
List of Leave Systems for Balancing Work and Family Care

Conduct original and innovative R&D
to carve out the future of nuclear energy

Research
positionsContribute to theorganization as a
specialist having
acquired a highskill level in theirrespective area

Partial leave
Early start/late start system, flextime system

JAEA offers the following systems to help balance work and family care for employees who have family members in need ofnursing care: nursing-care leave; short-term nursing-care leave; partial leave; exemption from and limitation on working extra
hours; Early/late start system; leave and day-off saving system.
JAEA has also established a hotline to answer questions from employees about family care-related systems.

Promotion of Gender Equality and Diversity
JAEA engages in a variety of activities to promote gender equality from the viewpoint of diversity.
(1) Increased female recruitment: We encourage proactive public relations in our recruitment process,using female recruiters to appeal to female students.
(2) Career development of female employees: By mentoring and other systems,
we aim to utilize female employees to serve as role models.
(3) Improvement of work environment: We are raising awareness of both the employees who use our support systems andsuperiors and providing information in a more effective manner through public relations magazines and other means.
(4) Facilitating understanding of gender equality: We hold exchanges and other meetings to raise employee
understanding of our activities and aim to raise their awareness through means such as rank-based training.

Activities Undertaken during FY2019

In FY2019, JAEA received the Ibaraki Prefecture Certificate of Excellence in Work Style Reformfrom the Ibaraki Prefectural Government.
https://www.pref.ibaraki.jp/shokorodo/rosei/rodo/wlb/ninteijirei.html (in Japanese)
Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)25

Foundation for Creating Value

Initiatives to Improve Sustainability of Operations

International Cooperation and Contribution

Contribution to Regional Development

Implementation of the Strategy for the International Cooperation

JAEA conducts R&D operations on the basis of the trust placed in us by the local community. Accordingly,
we always keep in mind our contribution to sustainable local growth, value interactions with the local
community and undertake a range of activities to achieve co-existence as a member of local communities.

For JAEA to execute its mission, various forms of cooperation with the international nuclear community, relevant
nuclear organizations in other countries and international organizations are essential. Among these initiatives areinternational joint research projects conducive to yielding utmost research results, expansion of human networks
through international contribution including support for human resource development in other countries, andenhancement of our presence in the global nuclear community through dissemination and international outreachof R&D results.
• Signed the implementing arrangement for cooperation in
the field of High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR)with NCBJ* (September, 2019)* National Centre for Nuclear Research in the Republic of Poland

Horonobe: Enjoy Science Museum 2019
in Horonobe

MA Transmutation

HTGR
Material Testing Reactor
Nuclear Safety

Nuclear Non-Proliferation
and Nuclear Security
HTGR
Nuclear Spallation, etc.

R&D on Disposal of
High-Level Radioactive
Waste

Nuclear R&D
Nuclear Non-Proliferation
and Nuclear Security
Radioactive Waste
Management

Fast Reactor Safety
HTGR
Nuclear Non-Proliferation
and Nuclear Security

Emerging Nuclear Countries in Asia and the Middle East

R&D on Next Generation Reactor
R&D on Nuclear Fuel Cycle andRadioactive Waste Management
Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear
Security
Nuclear Science• Signed “Project Arrangement Concerning
Cooperation in the Field of High-Power
Spallation Neutron Science and Related
Technologies” (August 2019)

Research Reactor
Utilization
Neutron Science

Participation in R&D project on Generation
IV reactor systems• Advanced Reactor• Nuclear Safety• Nuclear Science• Decommissioning• Radioactive Waste
Management• Human Resource
Development

Contribution tointernational network formonitoring nuclear testing

Participation incooperative
research project

Events Organized by JAEA Overseas Offices with attendance of key figuresfrom U.S. and Europe Nuclear Community(further expanding and deepening of discussion on topics addressed in previous year)

26

Third Symposium on US-Japan Nuclear
Energy Research Cooperation
Washington D.C., June 2019

IAEA General Conference Side Eventon HTGR
Vienna, September 2019

Confirmation of nuclear energy
research partnership between
Japan and U.S. into the future withinvolvement of young researchers

Joint efforts of public and private
sectors for international outreach of
HTGR technology

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Horonobe• Enjoy Science Museum 2019 in Horonobe• Horonobe Meirin Park Summer Festival• Horonobe Yukinko Winter Festival• Hands-on classes and experimental
workshop in Horonobe• Horonobe Spring and Fall
Cleanup Campaigns

Tokai: Tokai Festival

Aomori• Mutsu Industrial Festival “Thanksgiving60”• Mutsu Summer Festival“Kitadori District Bon Odori Dance”• Environmental activities aroundthe Aomori Office

Fukushima• Tomioka Sakura Festival 2019
• Community Exchange Event“Futaba World Festival 2019 in J Village”• Miharu Autumn Festival• 2019 Tomioka Ebisukou Market• Science Classrooms
at Tomioka Junior High Schools• Naraha Spring Cleanup Campaigns

Tokai• Hitachinaka Industrial Exchange Fair
• Tokai Festival• Muramatsu-Seiran Japanese Black
Pine-tree Forest Regeneration Project• Working Experience at JAEA for elementaryand junior high school students in Tokai• Tokai Spring and Fall Cleanup Campaigns

Oarai• Mito Environmental Fair 2019
• “Umakappe Halloween” 2019
• Oarai Hassaku Festival 2019
• Facility tour at JAEA for elementary andjunior high school• Cleanup Campaign around the Oarai Office

Tono• Gifu Science Festival 2019
• Enjoy Science Museum 2019 in Mizunami• Toki Mino Yaki Festival• Mizunami Mino Genji Tanabata Festival• Toki River (Hazama River)
Cleanup Campaign

Tsuruga• Tsuruga Community Exchange Event“Family Festival”• Summer Festival in Mihama 2019
• Hanakae (Flower-Exchanging) Festival• Tsuruga Summer Festival• Energy Education Support at Local Schools• Fukui Cleanup Campaign

Ningyo-toge• Tsuyama Area Open Factory 2019
• Misasaʼs hot springs Curie Festival• 2019 Kagamino Industrial Festival• Science Classrooms
at Local Junior High School• Environmental contribution activities“Tottori Symbiotic Forest Project”• Volunteer Cleaning Activities around the
Ningyo-toge Office(Human resource development support for nuclear safety and security)

Fast Reactor
Nuclear Safety andRadiation Protection
Nuclear Science
Decommissioning
Challenges to be addressed toward the decommissioningof TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station•S igned “Implementing Arrangement on the Sodium-cooled Fast
Reactor (SFR) Development Program Collaboration” (December, 2019)•S igned “Arrangement for Cooperation on the Decommissioning of
SFR” (February, 2020)• Advanced Reactor• Nuclear Safety• Safeguards andNuclear Security• Decommissioning andRadioactive Waste
Management, etc.

Fukushima: Science Classrooms at
Tomioka Junior High Schools

Main Activities Undertaken During FY2019

Nuclear Non-Proliferation
and Nuclear Security
Decommissioning andRadioactive Waste
Management

Aomori: Mutsu Industrial Festival“Thanksgiving60”

JAEA-CEA Workshop
Paris, January 2020
Promotion of innovation to open
new horizons for nuclear energy use

Other initiatives• Initiative to enhance thestatus of JAEA as aninternational research hub(Japanese language class at
Nuclear Science ResearchInstitute)* Please visit our website for details of the Strategy for the International Cooperation.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/about/

Oarai: Oarai Hassaku Festival 2019

Tono: Enjoy Science Museum 2019in Mizunami

Tsuruga: Energy Education Support
at Local Schools

Ningyo-toge: Volunteer Cleaning Activities
around the Ningyo-toge Office

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)27

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

Measures to Be Taken for Attaining Targets Concerning
Business Operations Placing Top Priority on Safety
Basic Safety Management Policies

Occurrence of Accidents and Problems

In its Basic Policy, JAEA specifies ensuring safety as theutmost priority for its management and operations. In
addition, based on the Basic Safety Management Policies,

JAEA continuously seeks to foster a safety culture and anuclear security culture to ensure the safety of its facilities
and operations and proper control of its nuclear materials.

Basic policy on safety andhealth management

Action policy to foster a safety
culture and to ensurecompliance with laws andregulations at nuclear facilities

Quality assurance policy on
nuclear safety

Basic Policies Concerning
Safety Management

Action policy to foster anuclear security culture

Basic environmental policy

Action policy to foster a safety
culture and to ensurecompliance with laws andregulations at nuclear facilities

Activities to Ensuring Safety which precedes Everything
As a national R&D institute handling radioactive materials
and required to demonstrate extremely high levels of safety
and reliability, JAEA has formulated basic policies on safety,
quality and nuclear security as the basis for operations,placing safety above all else.
Each JAEA site undertakes safety-related activities inaccordance with quality targets based on the “Quality
Assurance Policy on Nuclear Safety” and the “Action Policy
to Foster a Safety Culture and to Ensure Compliance withLaws and Regulations at Nuclear Facilities.” Each site alsoseeks continuous operational improvement by repeating

the plan-do-check-act (PDCA) process. In addition, byinstilling recognition of the importance of pre-determinedroutine actions at each individual workplace, we implement
sensory-based safety training to enhance the safety
consciousness of workers at the workplace and promote
pre-work activities such as risk assessments and hazard
prediction activities.
The range of activities to ensure safety are the very baseof JAEAʼs management and operations, through which
JAEA contributed to the management of its R&D businessand the safety and security of local communities.

Agency-Wide Sharing of Experiences to Prevent Accidents
Following an accident or a problem, JAEA undertakes
activities to incorporate lessons from the event into on-site
work as necessary to prevent similar recurrence. In FY2019,
JAEA made improvements to its intranet including
reinforcement of the retrieval function to facilitate retrievalof information on similar events and relevant measures tobe used as reference information for other sites.
Additionally, we shared information on accidents andproblems occurring both inside and outside JAEA and tookcorrective action to prevent recurrence.
Nevertheless, JAEA has caused repeated accidents and28

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

problems in recent years. As a result, in April 2019, JAEA
received an instruction from the Minister of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology entitled “Future
measures to prevent accident or problem recurrence following
the contamination accident in the controlled area of the
Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories.” Accordingly,
JAEA conducted verification with reference to the viewpointsof third parties (Senior Advisors), formulated measures to
identify the factors underlying the failure to use lessons
learned from past accidents and measures to enhance safety
activities, and implemented the measures throughout JAEA.

In FY2019, JAEA had a total of 29 accidents and problems
reported to the Secretariat of the Nuclear Regulation
Authority or local public organizations. One of them, thecollapse of the cooling tower of the secondary coolingsystem of the Japan Material Testing Reactor at the Oarai
Research and Development Institute, was an accident or
problem that required reporting pursuant to the Act on
Regulations of Nuclear Source Material, Nuclear Fuel
Material and Reactors. In addition, at the Nuclear Fuel
Cycle Engineering Laboratory, an incident involving
occupational injury occurred at the Chemical Processing
Facility during measures to deal with a contamination
incident in a radiation-controlled area of the Plutonium Fuel
Fabrication Facility. Taking a serious view of the matter, thePresident designated the Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratory as a site requiring special safety improvement,
and action was taken to enhance safety awareness andintensify safety activities.
JAEA had no violation of safety regulations, four injury
incidents requiring lost workdays (including two incidents
during commuting), and received one corrective
recommendation from the Labor Standards Inspection Office.
For detailed information on accidents and problems,
please visit the JAEA website.
○Accidents and problems

https://www.jaea.go.jp/news/incident/ (in Japanese)

Activities to Foster a Safety Culture
In FY2019, officials undertook safety patrols and exchanged
opinions with staff at JAEA sites to promote information
sharing and mutual understanding between management
and staff. In addition, each JAEA site held a safety gatheringwith participation of operating partners, a safety and healthpatrol by the director general, sensory-based safety training
to enhance safety consciousness, and related activities.
In FY2019, following frequent occurrence of injury
incidents caused by human error, JAEA worked on initiatives

to strengthen its occupational safety management including
establishment of a system to deploy specialist safety
management staff at each site to provide instruction andadvice on safety activities and an introduction of acertification system for personnel in charge of safety
management at each site. In addition, with the aim ofenhancing field capabilities and promoting safety
consciousness, lectures and training by visiting lecturers
were also arranged.

Initiatives for Our Own Quality Improvement
JAEA has a quality assurance policy on nuclear safety inaccordance with the operational safety program of reactors
and other facilities and ensures proper operation andcontinuous improvement of safety-related activities under
this quality management system.
In FY2019, in anticipation of changes to quality
management system requirements associated with theintroduction of the New Inspection Program in FY2020, JAEA

prepared standard guidelines for its safety regulations andquality management plan and for new procedures, andrevised its regulations and procedures accordingly.
Through the establishment of a quality management
system conforming to the New Inspection Program, JAEA
contributed to the maintenance and improvement ofquality management for nuclear facilities.

Management Review by the President
The President himself receives and reviews periodic activity
reports from each facility to ensure the effectiveness ofsafety-related activities at our nuclear facilities and to improve
our quality management system and security operations.
During FY2019, there were two management reviews,
in which managers (executive directors in charge of each site)
reported the challenges and evaluation results of quality
assurance activities to the President. In accordance withimprovement instructions from the President, decisions weremade on the implementation of necessary improvements inline with changes to the inspection program, andimprovement activities were rolled out at each site.
Through these continuous improvement activities (PDCA
cycles), JAEA contributed to the achievement, maintenance,
and improvement of the safety of nuclear facilities.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)29

Outcome of Value Creation

Agency-Wide Safety Review and Quality Assurance Committee
We operate an Agency-wide Safety Review and Quality
Assurance Committee to deliberate on the safety reviews
required for the licensing of nuclear facilities and basic mattersrelating to quality assurance activities throughout JAEA.
In FY2019, we added the new fields of nuclear fuel materials,
radiation management, waste management, facility safety,
and disaster prevention to our safety-related specialized
fields and appointed relevant experts as members of thespecialist committee to improve the quality of deliberations.
The committee met 17 times to discuss a total of 26
matters, including applications to change the operating

license of nuclear facilities and applications for approval of
decommissioning plans. In addition, we shared informationfrom an analysis of trends in the causes of accidents andproblems that occurred in FY2019 and on the status andevaluation results of activities to foster a safety culture andto ensure compliance with laws and regulations at nuclear
facilities. We also proceeded with initiatives to ensure
safety through close collaboration between the Safety andNuclear Security Administration Department and each
JAEA site.

Sept. 24, 2019

Oct. 15, 2019Nov. 14, 2019

Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center

Oarai Research and Development
Institute

Ningyo-toge Environmental
Engineering Center

Approx. 140 individuals

Approx. 380 individuals

Approx. 230 individuals

Dec. 10, 2019

Jan. 14, 2020Feb. 18, 2020

Strict Compliance with Laws and Regulations and Measures for Aging Facilities

Nuclear Science Research Institute

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories

Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor
Monju

Compliance with Regulatory Standards and Response
to Changes in Inspection Program

Approx. 280 individuals

Approx. 270 individuals

Approx. 160 individuals

Regarding certification of compliance with the new regulatory
standards triggered by the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, the Nuclear Science ResearchInstitute Nuclear Safety Research Reactor passed the pre-use
inspection and periodic facility inspection in FY2019, andresumed operation in March 2020.
Elsewhere, as a response to changes to the inspection
program in April 2020 associated with the revision andenforcement of the Act on Regulations of Nuclear Source
Material, Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors, we have beenproceeding since January 2018 with preparation within JAEA
and coordination with the Nuclear Regulation Authority. In
FY2019, we formulated a graded approach to security
activities in April (optimization of resource injection
depending on the importance of facility management), andproceeded with preparation (e.g. scrutinization) of operation
guidelines in line with the status of test operations. We havethus put in place a system of security activities to be
implemented on April 1, 2020.

Initiatives such as these contributed to an early restart offacilities that serve as the foundation of JAEAʼs R&D and of
the related R&D activities.

Efforts to Organize and Prioritize
Aging Facilities for Utilization

As JAEA started its R&D operations in the 1960s, many of its
facilities and equipment items have aged. These older
facilities and equipment items pose greater risk in terms ofsafety and need to be prioritized; in other words, thesefacilities must be grouped into those we will continue to use
and those we will no longer use and have to decommission.
For the former group, we need to carry out upgrades andrepairs in a systematic manner and, for the latter group,
implement the measures necessary for decommissioning
while ensuring safety.
We conducted priority (risk) assessments again in
FY2019, and implemented relevant management activities
for these facilities by incorporating plans to address aging
into the Medium-/Long-Term Management Plan for JAEA
Facilities, thus reducing risk.

Crisis Management at JAEA
In preparation for crises such as nuclear facility accidents/
failures and natural disasters, we periodically implement
training and operate and maintain emergency response
systems (e.g. teleconferencing and broadcast fax systems)
to enable us to unfailingly share information within JAEA
and send out information to external parties.

Efforts Related to Crisis Management
Education and Training

To provide training on emergencies that may originate fromJAEA facilities, we conducted a total of 15 drills involving
the JAEA Emergency Response Headquarters. In
comprehensive emergency preparedness drills held at thesix sites subject to the Act on Special Measures Concerning
Nuclear Emergency Preparedness, we conducted exercises
on sharing information via the Integrated Emergency
Preparedness Network, with the aim of refining JAEAʼssystem to share and send out information. In addition,
during the comprehensive emergency preparedness drills
at the Fugen Prototype Advanced Thermal Reactor and the30Comprehensive Emergency Preparedness Drills at Sites in FY2019(Participant figures do not include participants of evacuation drills only or drill evaluators)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory, we conducted
drills that incorporated support from other JAEA sites andconfirmed that the support system of the entire
organization was in working order.

Maintenance of Emergency Response Systems

Regarding the Integrated Nuclear Emergency Preparedness
Network, which is important in sharing information with theJapanese government, we conducted periodic connection
testing to ensure availability of services in case of a nuclear
emergency. Additionally, in FY2019, we enhanced theredundant voice conference function for the teleconferencing
system in case of trouble due to aging of facilities. We also
introduced documenting instruments at all sites to enablevisual information sharing to improve our ability to distributeand send out information.
Through these activities, JAEA endeavored to maintainand improve the crisis management and response capabilities
for the entire organization.

Initiatives for Nuclear Security and Safeguards to Ensure Peaceful Use of Nuclear Energy
In order to maintain the safety of its nuclear facilities, JAEA
steadily promotes “nuclear security,” which is designed toprevent the theft of nuclear fuel materials or radioactive
materials and the sabotage of nuclear facilities by terrorism
or other antisocial activities, in accordance with relevantlaws, regulations, and standards. To that end, we steadilyenhance our safeguards including effective operation of the“trustworthiness determination program*” and physicalprotection from specified radioisotopes to reduce relevantrisks. Also, to guard against the cyber-terrorism activity thathas drawn attention lately, JAEA will take appropriate
measures and follow government guidelines, etc.
JAEA works for appropriate management of nuclear
materials in line with relevant laws, regulations andinternational agreements. In addition, to demonstrate thetransparency of its nuclear material management, JAEA
provides the Japanese government and the International
Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) with information on thestate of its facilities in a timely manner. For these activities,
the Japanese government and IAEA conduct nuclear
verifications (safeguard inspections) to check that nuclear
materials are properly managed. JAEA openly accepts
and cooperates in the verification activities.

Nuclear security and safeguards are also extremely
important in decommissioning, since the condition offacilities under decommissioning changes by the second.
JAEA will ensure steady implementation of the necessary
actions through consultation with the Japanese government
and IAEA.
Through these activities, JAEA has striven to maintainand improve its nuclear security ability and the transparencyof its nuclear material management.
* Trustworthiness determination program: As one of the measures against threats
from employees and other insiders, this program investigates the identity, career,
possible terrorist connections and other background details of individuals who
have access to the restricted areas of nuclear facilities and handle confidential
information on physical protection so as to exclude the risk of sabotage.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)31

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

Outcome of R&D Pertaining to the Response to the Accident
at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station
The cost of this R&D was 16,698 million yen (operations expenses 15,691 million yen and contracted expenses 1,000 million yen). The revenues
recorded as funding for the R&D included revenues from government funding for operational grant (10,617 million yen) and revenues fromgovernment subsidy (2,605 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated to account for revision of accounting standards), calculated
by adding extraordinary loss, etc. (6,663 million yen) and other administrative costs (922 million yen) to this cost, was 24,283 million yen.

The Sector of Fukushima Research and Development, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, conducts R&D to promote
the decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), as well as environmental
restoration after the 1F accident.

TOPICS〇 Characteristic Evaluation of Metallic Debris Using LEISAN

A unique test facility, “LEISAN（” Large-scale Equipment for
Investigation of Severe Accidents in Nuclear reactors）,
has been installed at Tomioka to investigate and understandmetallic melt behavior under conditions of steam starvation
and rapid temperature rise simulating the 1F accident.
In boiling water reactors such as those at 1F, there is a large
amount of stainless steel) so that metallic debris is likely toCollaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science (CLADS)

CLADS Main Building

Naraha Center for Remote Control Technology Development (NARREC)
For the decommissioning of 1F, as operations are expected to require robots and other remote-controlled technology due to thehigh radiation dose rate, various test facilities for the development and demonstration of remote-controlled equipment havebeen installed and technology development is in progress in Naraha Town, Fukushima Prefecture.
As a technical demonstration for 1F, the International Research Institute for Decommissioning(IRID) has started preparations for a full-scale mock-up test of fuel debris removal. In addition, aVR system and 1F data are being developed to share information on the decommissioning workand to devise and draft operation plans. Furthermore, a new robot operation training program
was established in June 2019, and is being used by high schools, universities, and companies inFukushima Prefecture, contributing to next-generation human resource development.
View of Research Management Building
and Full-scale Mock-up Test Building

FY2017
Fueldebrisremoval

FY2019FY2020

Method of fueldebris removal
determined

Analysis of molten fuelrelocation behavior

FY2021 FY2022 and beyond
lower

Start of fuel debris
removal from Unit 2

Evaluation of fuel melting,solidification, and relocation behavior

beforePrecise analysis using metallic debris

Inside of LEISAN

after

Before and after simulant
BWR control blade〇 Panoramic Imaging of Radioactive Substance Distribution in the Environment

CLADS has developed the iRIS-V (integrated Radiation
Imaging System - Vehicle), equipped with an omnidirectional
3D radiation measurement system. This system incorporates
many gamma-ray imagers (Compton cameras), which measureand image radioactive substance distribution in a short time,in combination with 3-D laser distance sensors. Extensive useof the iRIS-V will make it possible to ascertain the distributionof radioactive hot spots in the grounds of the 1F and in theenvironment quickly and easily and to support thedecontamination plan and reduction of the exposure dose forworkers. Unlike ordinal monitoring cars, our system visualizes
the position and distribution of radioactive substances as wellas the air dose rate along the running route. The iRIS-V system
is highly promising as a next-generation monitoring car.

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan (FY2015-2021)
FY2017FY2018FY2019FY2020

FY2021

Application to 1F site

Compact
Compton camera

Development of high dose rate Compton camera
Construction of
iRIS system

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping

Development of iRIS-V

Verification of iRIS-V
Photograph of iRIS-V

Compton camera
mounted inside iRIS-V〇 Successful Development of Real-time Monitoring Technology for β-ray-Emitting Radionuclides (90Sr-90Y) in Water̶ Use Begun as a Monitor to Check Radiation Levels in Drainage Channels of the Fukushima #1 Nuclear Power Station Site ̶

In accordance with the Medium-term and Long-term Action Policies of the Centre for Environmental Creation,
the Fukushima Environmental Safety Center, JAEA, is actively promoting research, development and support
activities for the environmental restoration of Fukushima and residentsʼ early return, in cooperation with
Fukushima Prefecture and the National Institute for Environmental Studies at the Fukushima Prefectural Centre
for Environment Creation as an activity base.
We are also disseminating research results as information based on scientific evidence in order to contributeto municipal planning towards local restoration and the regeneration of agriculture, forestry and fisheries.
Fukushima Comprehensive Environment Information Site (FaCE!S):https://fukushima.jaea.go.jp/ceis/ (in Japanese)

JAEA jointly developed radiation monitors that assume
leakage of contaminated water containing strontium 90 indrainage channels in collaboration with TEPCO Holdings
Co., Ltd. and Japan Radiation Engineering Co., Ltd.
We succeeded in the development of a fiber-type monitor
that distinguishes in real time between β and γ radiationand measures the β-ray-emitting radiation of strontium 90.
We have been using the monitor to check radiation levels inthe drainage channels of the Fukushima #1 Nuclear Power
Station site since January 31, 2020.
The achievement of real-time β radiation monitoring will
require neither on-site sampling nor analysis of drainage
channels. It promises to lead not only to faster ascertainmentof whether contaminated water leakage has occurred but
also reduced burden on workers
Fiber detector
Resin tube
in the field.
Inside

2nd Medium-Term Plan (FY2010-2014)

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan (FY2015-2021)
Used as monitor tocheck radiation levels
in drainage channels of
Fukushima #1 Nuclear
Power Station site

Development of
real-time β-ray
monitoring technology
in waterDevelopment offiber-type radiation
monitorDeveloped and usedas radiation measurement
technology before andafter decontamination

Developed and used asradiation measurement
technology for water at
bed of agricultural pond

Upgraded to radiation
measurement technology
to distinguish between anddetect β and γ radiation

Installed in drainage
channels on Fukushima #1
Nuclear Power Station site

57 cm

Construction status of Radioactive
Material Analysis and Research Facility
Laboratory-1

Fukushima Environmental Safety Center

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

FY2018

Policy on fueldebris removal
determined

Okuma Analysis and Research Center

32

upper

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan (FY2015-2021)

Towards the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station (1F), R&D on fuel debris removal, accident
progression analysis technology for evaluation of post-accident reactor conditions, waste management, and remote sensing
systems have been carried out. An “R&D map for basic and fundamental research” has beendeveloped to obtain an overview of future research tasks at the 1F site. The map is progressing
as a collaborative project with domestic and international institutes for innovative researchcontributing to 1F decommissioning.
In addition, the CLADS main building at Tomioka is being used to promote human resources
development as well as to concentrate expertise in partnership with domestic and international
research institutes, universities, and industry.

On a place adjacent to 1F, the Radioactive Material Analysis and Research Facility is now underconstruction, where radioactive wastes and fuel debris produced in 1F will be analyzed andresearched to assist in the decommissioning of 1F. It consists of the following three facilities:
The Administrative Building has been in operation since 2018 and is used for training ofanalysis technicians, production of analysis manuals and so on. Laboratory-1, where radioactive
waste will be analyzed, is now under construction for completion at the end of FY2020. As ofthe beginning of FY2020, Laboratory-2, where fuel debris will be analyzed, is at the detailed
design stage, which has progressed as far as license application.

form depending on the accident conditions. As a part of thecharacterization of metallic debris, CLADS is conducting
research to establish experimental knowledge of melting,relocation and the relocation behavior of metallic materials
under conditions simulating the 1F accident (maincomponent: control blade).

Outside40 cm

Fiber detector

Stainless tube

Resin tube

Radiation monitor

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)33

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

Technological Support for Nuclear Safety Regulation and
Safety Research for This Purpose
The cost of this R&D was 7,427 million yen (operations expenses 3,500 million yen and contracted expenses 3,926 million yen). The revenues
recorded as funding for the R&D included revenues from government funding for operational grant (2,850 million yen) and revenues from research
entrusted from the government (3,922 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated to account for revision of accounting standards),
calculated by adding extraordinary loss, etc. (2,261 million yen) and other administrative costs (222 million yen) to this cost, was 9,910 million yen.

The Sector of Nuclear Safety Research and Emergency Preparedness pursues the enhanced safety of nuclear
facilities by conducting multifaceted and comprehensive research, and contributes to the strengthening of nuclear
emergency preparedness by providing technical support to the national government, local governments, policeand fire departments, etc.

Nuclear Safety Research Center
To provide the technical basis for the Nuclear Regulation Authority, the Nuclear Safety Research Center conducts multifacetedand comprehensive research on nuclear facilities such as light water reactors and nuclear fuel reprocessing plants. Following theexperience of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station accident, we place additional emphasis on prevention and mitigationin the progression of severe accidents, preparation for and response to emergency situations, and external phenomena subject tothe new regulation. To uphold our principles of transparency and technological neutrality as a technical support organization of
the nuclear regulation authority, our research activities are monitored by a council of advisers.

TOPICS〇 Assessment of Radiation Dose from Radionuclides Released into the Environment in a Nuclear Accident

It is important to assess radiation doses for the full range ofsource terms due to various types of postulated nuclear
accidents in advance in order to plan protection strategies.
JAEA has developed a Level 3 Probabilistic Risk Assessment(PRA) code, OSCAAR (Off-Site Consequence Analysis code for
Atmospheric Release in Reactor Accidents). OSCAAR cancalculate received doses from the dispersion and depositionof radionuclides from nuclear facilities. This calculation ismade for various meteorological conditions. As a result, thedistribution of received doses can be assessed probabilisticallytaking into account differences in meteorological conditions.
JAEA released the OSCAAR Code Package, which has a

Windows®-based interface allowing users to create or modify
input files, carry out OSCAAR analysis, and post-process theoutput files efficiently and conveniently. This is a research tool
for the preliminary study of the planning of protection
strategies that can be used jointly by research institutes,
universities and nuclear power companies and is therefore
expected to be used in accident consequence assessment
studies such as the evaluation of the effect of dose reduction
through protective action at the time of the nuclear accident.
We will continue to develop the OSCAAR Code Package tomake it more complete by incorporating new findings andimproving the graphical user interface.

Outline of accident consequence assessment using OSCAAR

Research Areas Covered by Nuclear Safety Research Center
PublicLight water reactor

Nuclearfuel cycle

Nuclear fuelfabrication facility• Assessment of environmental impact• Evaluation of emergency exposureand effectiveness of emergency
response

Nuclear fuelreprocessing plant

Disposal facility

Application of findings of accident consequence assessment using OSCAAR
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

• Development of methodologies for risk

evaluation of light water reactors• Elucidation of mechanism on fuel failure
and thermal hydraulic phenomenon
under not only design basis but also
beyond design basis accident• Effect of external events and irradiation
environment on structure andcomponents• Source term evaluation of

reprocessing plant insevere accidents• Evaluation of critical safety• Development of safeguards
analysis methods

Radioactivewaste

4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Evaluation of dose reduction
effect of protective actions

Waste
management

Applying to thedevelopment of local
disaster management plan

Promotion
Probabilistic accident
consequence assessment
for a variety of nuclear facilities• Safety assessment for decommission-ing of nuclear facilities, storage anddisposal of radioactive wastes

Indicated in red: Focused research field

Evaluation of risk caused by utilization of nuclear energy and reduction of uncertainty

Development

Release of
OSCAAR CodePackage

Validity of severe accident
management anddisaster prevention
based on risk information

Improvement of the OSCAAR code package(Incorporation of new findings)〇 Optimization of Radioactive Contamination Screening on Evacuation Routes

Nuclear Emergency Assistance and Training Center (NEAT)
JAEA provides technical support to the national and local government Nuclear Emergency Response HQs in nuclear
emergencies. As the base for this activity, NEAT supports nuclear emergency drills performed by national and local
governments and trains personnel preparing for nuclear emergencies during normal times. NEAT also performs R&D to
improve the efficiency of protective measures against nuclear emergencies and promotes national and international
structures of emergency preparedness and response.

34

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

We performed tests to assess the functioning of the gate-typeradiation monitors for automobiles used in radioactive
contamination screening on evacuation routes. The efficiencyof the screening was also examined in comparison withordinary radiation survey meters. The results will be analyzed
to identify technical focal points in the use of gate-typeradiation monitors for automobiles and to support local
governments preparing screening manuals and facilitating
screening implementation.

Radiation sensors

Radioactive contamination screening test for automobiles using gate-type radiation
monitors and ordinary radiation survey meters

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)35

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

R&D for Improving Nuclear Safety and Activities That
Contribute to Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Nuclear Security
The cost of this R&D was 2,075 million yen (operations expenses 1,796 million yen and contracted expenses 278 million yen). The revenues
recorded as funding for the R&D included revenues from government funding for operational grant (925 million yen) and revenues fromgovernment subsidy (380 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated to account for revision of accounting standards), calculated byadding extraordinary loss, etc. (976 million yen) and other administrative costs (142 million yen) to this cost, was 3,193 million yen.

The Nuclear Science and Engineering Research Center is engaged in the basic research necessary to improve thesafety of reactors such as light water reactors, and development of safe decommissioning technology.
The Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security (ISCN) aims to strengthen nuclear
non-proliferation and nuclear security, and to support denuclearization, through JAEAʼs technologies and experience.

Nuclear Science and Engineering Center
To contribute to the continuous improvement of the safety and reliability of nuclear facilities such as light water reactors,
the Nuclear Science and Engineering Center conducts research and development aimed at 1) accident prevention,2) prevention of accident escalation, and 3) appropriate implementation of decommissioning.

ISCN develops nuclear material detection and measurement
technologies, nuclear forensics technologies to trace theorigins and the transport paths of nuclear materials seized bylaw-enforcement authorities, and approaches to mitigate thethreat from nuclear material. It also conducts associatedpolicy research and policymaking support, and supports
human resources development activities in emerging nuclear
countries, particularly in Asia.
Moreover, ISCN contributes to the CTBT (Comprehensive
Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty) International Verification Regime
and promotes understanding by distributing the ISCNNews Letter, which reports current trends in nuclear
nonproliferation and nuclear security, and by holding
international forums.

Noble gas joint measurement project with CTBTOTOPICSTOPICS〇 Compiling Databases of “Chemistry” of Cesium, etc.

The Nuclear Science and Engineering Center has developed“ECUME” (Effective Chemistry database of fission products
Under Multiphase rEaction), a collection of basic chemical
data for accurate evaluation of the behavior of radioactive
materials during accidents.

Applying this “ECUME” to severe accident analysis codes
enables more accurate prediction of the behavior of radioactive
materials. It can also be applied to prediction for existing lightwater reactors and various nuclear facilities, which is expected
to lead to the further improvement of nuclear safety.

●E xploration of exposure reduction measures

Technology for Nuclear Resonance Fluorescence (NRF)

The NRF NDA method measures and analyzes NRF gamma
ray emission from target nuclides excited by high-energy
gamma-ray beams generated by laser Compton scattering.
ISCN has collaborated with National Institutes for Quantum
and Radiological Science and Technology (QST) on verificationof this technology and, in 2019, a demonstration experiment
was performed in a workshop at the New Subaru facility of
Hyogo University which attracted strong commendation byexpert evaluators from Japan and overseas (January 2020).
One nuclear security challenge is a method for rapid
non-destructive detection of nuclear materials covered withthick shields in a freight container, which the NRF method
promises to meet successfully.

●P rediction of spread of radioactive contamination

Improvement of accuracy of behavior prediction
during accidents
Severe accident analysis code
Comprehensive analysis and evaluation*●R esults of analysis by severe accident
analysis code●M easured values of plant parameters, etc.
● Information on actual conditions at sites
of internal surveys, dose surveys, etc.

Making chemical
behavior predictable●M aterial science findings, etc.
* Reference: IRID R&D Topics (2017)(https://irid.or.jp/_pdf/20170000_01.pdf (in Japanese))

Demonstration experiment
at workshop〇 Demonstration of Non-destructive Assay (NDA)

Expected to contribute to the planning ofsafety measures in decommissioning works

Deposition of radioactive
cesium in a nuclear reactor

Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security

Database of chemical behaviorof fission products: “ECUME”

Demonstration

Application to
non-destructive
detection• Miniaturization• Cost reduction

New Subaru Storage Ring
0.5-1.5GeVCounting room

Laser Compton Scattering
Electron beam 300mA

LCS  rays

MirrorNew 2 m laser

Demonstration experiment at the New Subaru facility of Hyogo University

2.4 m〇 International Transportation Security Symposium

Together with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan andthe U.S. DOE/NNSA, ISCN/JAEA co-hosted the worldʼs firstinternational symposium on nuclear and radiologicaltransport security in Tokyo for the purpose of enhancementof nuclear security. With 104 participants from 35 countries
and international organizations, active discussions were held
on improvement of transport security. (November 2019)

GACKO

Nuclear Material
in Heavy ShieldCargo
12.2 mContainer
Gamma-ray
Detectors

Next Generation ERL(350 MeV)

2.6 m
LCS Gamma-rays with
Energy 2 - 3 MeV
Laser Enhancement Cavity

Moving40 ft Container
Max. Weight：30.5 tons

High Power
Laser Oscillatore.g. Application of nuclear resonance fluorescent (NRF) technology to non-destructive
detection of nuclear materials hidden in a 40 ft cargo container

Symposium participants

36

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)37

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

Basic and Fundamental Research and Human Resources
Development in the Nuclear Field
The cost of this R&D was 29,388 million yen (operations expenses 29,003 million yen and contracted expenses 374 million yen). The revenues
recorded as funding for the R&D included revenues from government funding for operational grant (14,519 million yen) and revenues fromgovernment subsidy (7,239 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated to account for revision of accounting standards), calculated
by adding extraordinary loss, etc. (12,078 million yen) and other administrative costs (1,569 million yen) to this cost, was 43,035 million yen.

The Sector of Nuclear Science Research (SNSR) has the following mission: “Advancing the latest science andtechnology to support the use of radiation and atomic energy and continuing the fundamental support ofatomic energy development.” The activities of the SNSR are spread over a broad range of R&D such as basic
and fundamental nuclear research, advanced nuclear science research, materials science research using neutronsand synchrotron radiation, R&D to improve nuclear safety, and R&D on accelerator-based techniques to reduce thevolume and toxicity of radioactive waste. Its activities also include human resources development related to theseR&D programs.

J-PARC Center conducts a variety of research with domestic and overseas partners on fields
ranging from fundamental science to industrial applications using various secondary particles
produced by high-intensity proton beams. The center also carries out R&D to improve theefficiency of the facility. In FY2019, it demonstrated stable user operation with a beam power
equivalent to 1 MW, the rated power of the facility, for more than 10 hours.

Japan Proton Accelerator
Research Complex, J-PARC

TOPICS〇 Development of Warning System for Aviation Exposure to Solar Energetic Particles (WASAVIES)

Nuclear Science Research Institute
The Nuclear Science Research Institute has various research facilities for nuclear science andtechnology and functions as an R&D base. Seismic reinforcement work has been carried out forresumption of operation of the research reactor JRR-3. The Nuclear Safety Research Reactor(NSRR) resumed operation after completion of the conformity review on the New Regulatory
Requirements of the Nuclear Regulation Authority. Fuel irradiation experiments were performed
at NSRR to study the behavior of nuclear fuels under reactivity-initiated accident (RIA) conditions,and important data was acquired for application in national regulations on further improving thesafety of nuclear power plants.

J-PARC Center

Nuclear Safety Research
Reactor (NSRR)

Nuclear Science and Engineering Center
The Nuclear Science and Engineering Center conducts basic and fundamental R&D on nuclear data and reactor engineering,fuels and materials engineering, nuclear chemistry, and environment and radiation science. The R&D meets a variety of social
demands, contributes to the creation of innovative nuclear technology, and provides a foundation for atomic energy use.

Advanced Science Research Center
The Advanced Science Research Center promotes leading-edge nuclear science research on advanced actinide science andadvanced nuclear materials science, which provides a very strong academic and technological impact and contributes to theevolution of nuclear science. In 2018, the Research Group for Advanced Theoretical Physics was launched with the aim ofpromoting interdisciplinary research collaboration through communication between theory and experiment.

In collaboration with a number of Japanese research institutions including
the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology (NICT)
and the National Institute of Polar Research (NiPR), we have developed aphysics-based model for solar energetic particle (SEP) dose estimation
anywhere in the atmosphere and designated it WASAVIES: WArning System
for AVIation Exposure to Solar energetic particles. A web-interface for
WASAVIES was also developed and has been open via the NICT public
server (https://wasavies.nict.go.jp/index_e.html) since November 7, 2019.
It is envisaged that the radiation dose from large solar flares, calculated by
WASAVIES, will be used as mandatory information for aviation operation
management by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).

Example of route-dose rate map between Tokyo (NRT) and
New York (JFK) drawn using WASAVIES; at peak of major solar
particle event on January 20, 2005

〇 Spin Current Transfers Mechanical Motion

It is known that magnetism originates from electronsʼ microscopic rotation(spin). In magnetic materials, spins align in one direction. Upon heating,however, the alignment is lost. If the temperature variation is sufficiently
fast, the resulting ʻspin currentʼ can propagate from the heater. Researchers
designed a magnetic micro cantilever and a precise detection system
which allowed the propagation of the spin current and succeeded in
detecting the mechanical vibration of the cantilever caused by the spincurrent. The motion of the cantilever is realized by the heater alone.
The present result could be applied in a micromachine where complicatedelectrical wiring cannot be introduced.

heatercantileverspin current

Schematic view of the apparatus used for the present study〇 Enabling Material Analysis with Neutron Beams in Manufacturing Environments

Materials Sciences Research Center
The Materials Science Research Center promotes materials science research that contributes to nuclear science and theutilization of nuclear energy with high scientific and social significance. The R&D has been performed through the full useof neutron and synchrotron radiation instruments installed at JRR-3, J-PARC MLF, and SPring-8 as advanced analysis tools
for the structure and function of materials. Specifically, we are developing analytical systems for the fuel debris and relatedmaterials secured from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Station.

38

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

A novel crystallographic texture measurement
technique using neutron diffraction, applicable inmanufacturing environments, has been successfully
developed for the first time in the world by combining
a texture measurement technique based on large neutron
facilities, developed by the Japan Atomic Energy Agency(JAEA), with the RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact
Neutron Source (RANS) system developed by RIKEN,
Japan. It is envisaged that a new research anddevelopment cycle will soon come into being throughthe integration of routine R&D at the laboratory level
using accelerator-driven compact neutron sources withadvanced R&D using large neutron facilities, which willlead to rapid development of high-value-added
materials and products that generate innovation.

Neutron source
2-axis rotation stage

ShieldNeutron detector

Distribution density
High

SampleShieldLow

Setup view and experimental results of steel material texture measurement using thecompact neutron source system RANS

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)39

Outcome of Value Creation

Human Resources Development in the Field of Nuclear Energy

TOPICS〇 Successful Stable User Operation with Beams Equivalent to 1 MW at J-PARCIn FY2019, the J-PARC center conducted regular user operation at 500 kW, resulting in stable operation with an availability of
95% (target value: 90%). User operation with a beam power equivalent to 1 MW was also successfully carried out for more than
10 hours with an availability of 98%, which is higher than the value achieved through annual operation. The intensity of neutrons
per pulse generated by the 1-MW equivalent beam is the highest in the world, three times as high as that obtained at theSpallation Neutron Source (SNS) in the U.S., a neutron source facility comparable with J-PARC. The resultant availability of over
90% is the worldʼs highest level of performance. Under such stable operation, 421 user experiments were completed. It is alsocharacteristic that the number of proposals from industrial users reached about 27% of the total.

The Nuclear Human Resource Development Center (NuHRDeC) promotes human resource development, whichis the basic foundation of the nuclear field, through its activities of domestic training courses, international
training courses, collaboration with universities and the Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development Network.

Domestic Training Courses
The NuHRDeC provides training for the purposes of advancing the education of
RI/radiation and nuclear energy engineers, and of supporting national certification
candidates. In FY2019, 370 people participated in 19 regular training courses.
In addition, three occasional training courses were held in response to local
government requests.
Photo showing participants in a practical exercise(domestic training course)

International Training Courses
Record of user operation with a beam power equivalent to 1 MW

The NuHRDeC accepts trainees from Asian countries, holds courses to train instructors
with expertise in radiation and nuclear energy, and conducts seminars to develop humanresources to disseminate basic radiation knowledge. In FY2019, 84 people from 10
overseas countries attended these courses. Fifty-three JAEA experts were also dispatchedto the local training courses in nine Asian countries to provide technical guidance.

Operational history in FY2019〇 Development of the SELECT Process to Separate Radioactive Waste

We have developed a hydrometallurgical separation process called SELECT (Solvent
Extraction from Liquid-waste using Extractants of CHON-type for Transmutation), designed
to recover nuclear materials for reuse and separate minor actinides for transmutation.
In addition to high selectivity for target elements, one of the expected features of the
SELECT process is volume reduction of secondary waste using extractants that can be
decomposed into gases by incineration. A demonstration test of the SELECT process was
performed using mixer-settler extractors installed in a hot-cell, and the separation
performance of Am and Cm from high-level radioactive liquid waste was certified at 99.9%.
The development of the SELECT process will contribute to the realization of partitioning
and transmutation technology to reduce the toxicity and volume of radioactive waste.

Photo showing participants in a practical exercise(international training course)

Collaboration with Universities

Mixer-settler extractors used in the continuous
counter-current experiment in a hot-cell〇 Earthquake Resistance Measures for Facilities and Equipment andEarthquake Resistance Engineering Research

Seismic upgrading of facilities is underway in accordance with the New Regulatory
Requirements for Nuclear Fuel Facilities, Research Reactors, and Nuclear Waste
Storage/Disposal Facilities and the Act on Promotion of Seismic Retrofitting. In FY2019,
we carried out the seismic retrofitting of JRR-3, a nuclear facility, and related radioactive
waste treatment facilities, as well as design and construction for seismic retrofitting ofgeneral facilities as planned.
For seismic engineering research, we developed a seismic motion evaluation
method that takes into account the irregularity of the seismic bedrock, and also
conducted research and analysis to understand the fault activity conditions(relationship between stress and friction) in order to evaluate the fault.

Seismic retrofitting work on JRR-3

Seismic
reinforcement

DesignAs the secretariat of the Japan Nuclear Human Resources Development Network, which
has 82 industry-academia-government organizations as members and promotes theestablishment of an integrated nuclear human resources development system in Japan,
the NuHRDeC held various meetings, and operated the Japan-IAEA Nuclear Energy
Management School in cooperation with the IAEA. In FY2019, 19 persons from 11
overseas countries and 15 from Japan participated in the school.

FY2020FY2019

Informal meeting between young researchersand summer intern trainees

Japan Nuclear Human Resource Development Network

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan (FY2015 to 2021)
FY2018Using a distance education system, the NuHRDeC conducts a nuclear engineering
basic course in collaboration with seven Japanese universities, which was attended by atotal of 153 students from seven universities in FY2019. Meanwhile, 49 JAEA experts
were dispatched as instructors under a collaborative graduate school systemagreement concluded with 20 graduate schools, and 16 students were accepted and
146 JAEA experts were sent as instructors in cooperation with the Nuclear Professional
School of the University of Tokyo. Under the student acceptance system, 30 special
research students, 186 student trainees, and 216 summer intern trainees were accepted
at various JAEA sites for educational guidance and training.

Restart of JRR-3
operation

Seismic reinforcement

TOPICS〇 Nurturing Young People to Leadthe Nuclear Energy Field〇 Training Engineers to Support〇 Promoting R&D using Advanced Computational Techniques

the Japanese Nuclear Industry

Atomic energy R&D fields frequently require forecasting or understanding ofphenomena that are inaccessible with experiments or observational tools. Instead,computational techniques are used to solve the problems. The Center for
Computational Science and e-Systems supports such computational R&D by
introducing the latest supercomputer systems and developing high performancecomputing, simulation and AI techniques.
Supercomputer

Photo taken after the opening ceremony of theJapan-IAEA Nuclear Energy Management School

Questionnaire surveys are conducted after completion of eachtraining course, and opinions given in the survey are reflected
in improvements so that future courses will be even more
fulfilling. In the results of the 2019 questionnaires, we received
an average score of 95 out of 100 for effectiveness across all
training courses.

About 450 students are accepted annually at JAEA sites forresearch and development training. For summer interntrainees, the Nuclear Science Research Institute holds facility
tours and informal meetings with young researchers andengineers. These are well received among students, whoreport them as an opportunity to pick up useful information
on future careers, employment and formation of an idea on
career development for researchers.

Details on human resource development are available on the JAEA website. https://nutec.jaea.go.jp/english/

40

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)41

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

R&D on Fast Reactors and Advanced Reactors
The cost of this R&D was 15,908 million yen (operations expenses 11,578 million yen and contracted expenses 4,329 million yen). The revenues recorded
as funding for the R&D included revenues from government funding for operational grant (10,185 million yen) and revenues from research entrusted
from the government (4,204 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated to account for revision of accounting standards), calculated byadding extraordinary loss, etc. (5,180 million yen) and other administrative costs (1,733 million yen) to this cost, was 22,821 million yen.

In the “Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced Reactor Research and Development (SeFARD),” we are implementing R&D
on advanced reactor technologies such as fast reactors, high-temperature gas-cooled reactors (HTGRs), and related fuelcycle technologies in order to further enhance future energy sustainability, safety, economic competitiveness and flexible
load-following ability. R&D is also being conducted in the fields of decommissioning and radioactive waste management.

Oarai Research and Development Institute
Using two different types of reactor ̶ the Experimental Fast Reactor JOYO and the High
Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR) ̶ and related research facilities, the instituteconducts R&D programs on fast reactor technology, HTGR technology and related heatapplication technology based on national policy such as the Strategic Energy Plan. It also
carries out decommissioning and technological development for the Japan Material
Testing Reactor (JMTR), R&D into technical support for decommissioning of the Fukushima
Daiichi Nuclear Power Station, and other research.

Oarai Research and Development Institute

Fast Reactor Cycle System Research and Development Center
The center conducts studies related to fast reactor system design, nuclear reactor behavior
evaluation and standards for safety assurance toward the establishment of a fast reactorbased nuclear fuel cycle in order to contribute to long-term energy security and theresolution of global environmental issues. It has also started work on the development of
the Advanced Reactor Knowledge- and AI-aided Design Integration Approach throughout
the plant life cycle (ARKADIA), which aims to realize design optimization considering theentire plant life cycle and innovation in the design process (significant reduction indevelopment time and cost).

Experimental Fast Reactor JOYO

42

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

The “Implementing Arrangement on the Advanced Sodium
Technological Reactor for Industrial Demonstration (ASTRID)
Program and Sodium Fast Reactor Collaboration” (hereafterreferred to as the “ASTRID Arrangement”), ongoing sinceAugust 2014, completed its term on December 31, 2019,
having produced significant achievements. Through designcollaboration based on the
ASTRID Arrangement, westudied the design concept ofpool-type reactors under thegeographical conditions ofJapan, and confirmed thefeasibility of the design,
Concept of Japanese pool-type reactor
including earthquake
resistance, one of the important issues.
Pleased with the substantial achievements, which havecontributed to the improvement of the technologicalfoundation for fast reactors both in Japan and France, JAEA
and the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
Commission (CEA) agreed to continue Japan-France
collaboration to effectively promote R&D, primarily throughsimulations and experiments,and signed a relevant
Implementing Arrangement
on December 3, 2019. This
Implementing Arrangement isplaced under the “General
Arrangement on the Fast
December 3, 2019
Signing ceremony at Ministry ofReactors Development
Economy, Trade and Industry
Program Collaboration
between Japan and France” previously signed by theJapanese and French government authorities (signed onJune 26, 2019).
Under the Implementing Arrangement, we will utilize
Japan-France collaboration to promote the establishmentof fundamental technology and innovations for thecommercialization of fast reactors. This will drive development
for further cost reduction while ensuring a high level of safety.
At the same time, in line with the strategic roadmap for fast
reactor development determined by the Japanese government,
findings obtained through this collaboration will be offered to
private enterprises and corporations.

4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan onward

Promotion of competition
2019
Japan-France ASTRID collaboration•D esign collaboration•R &D collaboration

Establishment ofconcept ofpool-type reactor

Narrowing down, prioritization

Review of future development issues and processes

2024Japan-France R&D collaboration•S afety improvement technology•S tructural/core material technology•N umerical simulation tools〇 Good Prospects for Completion of Review toward Restart of HTTR,
High-Temperature Engineering Test Reactor (HTTR)

Oarai Waste Reduction Treatment Facility (OWTF)

Tsuruga Comprehensive Research and Development Center
The center is engaged in knowledge preservation related to the Prototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju, technology development on the inspection and maintenance of sodiumcooled fast reactors, and research and development on applied laser technology for
nuclear facilities. The center also takes part in industry-academia-government joint
studies, accepts guest student researchers, and provides engineer training. Throughthese activities, the center contributes to the maintenance of fundamental technology
and the development of human resources for fast reactors.

in Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor Development Program

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Waste Management and Decommissioning Technology Development Center
The Japan Materials Testing Reactor (JMTR) had been widely used most notably forirradiation tests of light water reactor fuels and materials, however application of approval
for the JMTR decommissioning plan was submitted to the Nuclear Regulation Authority(NRA) in September 2019. Currently the center is coping with the review processes forearly approval, and has started the development of related technologies. It is also
engaged in treatment and related technology development for radioactive waste, whichis gathered from experimental nuclear reactors and laboratories at the Oarai Researchand Development Institute. At the Oarai Waste Reduction Treatment Facility (OWTF),
trial operation of facilities for waste volume reduction is in progress.

〇 Signing of Implementing Arrangement on Collaboration with France

R&D toward commercialization of fast reactors

HTGR Research and Development Center
The High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) is an attractive nuclear reactor since it
has inherent safety and can reach high helium gas temperatures of around 950 degrees C.
We carry out R&D on HTGR technology and multipurpose heat utilization technologies
effective as global warming countermeasures, such as technology for hydrogen production
through high-temperature water-splitting, helium gas turbine technology for power
generation, and so on. Of our facilities, HTTR is likely to be restarted in the not too distantfuture as the review proposal related to the application for permission to change the reactor
installation license was largely approved by the Nuclear Regulation Authority in March 2020.

TOPICS

Sodium Engineering Research Facility (SERF)

Cooperation with Poland on HTGR Technology

On November 26, 2014, the HTTR submitted an application
for change in reactor installation permission to the conformity
to new regulatory requirements for research reactors thatcame into effect on December 18, 2013.
Since then, nine revisions have been made and discussed
for the safety features of the HTTR in compliance with the new
regulations such as measures against natural phenomena,
review of importance classification, and measures against
accidents that release a large amount of radioactive materials,
etc. It was judged that the HTTR has excellent and inherent
safety features, and does not cause core meltdown. The draft
review report was approved at the 74th Nuclear Regulation
Authority Meeting on March
25, 2020. It is expected that the
HTTR can be restarted in thenear future without any major
additional reinforcements.
On September 20, 2019,
JAEA and National Centre for
President, Mr. Kodama andNuclear Research (NCBJ) in the JAEANCBJ Director, Prof. Kurek signed theRepublic of Poland concluded implementing arrangement forcooperation in R&D in the field of
an Implementing Arrangement HTGR technologies.
for Cooperation in Researchand Development in the Field of HTGR Technologies. Taking afurther step forward from past cooperation, we will promote
R&D cooperation in the fields of design studies, fuel andmaterials studies, and safety studies related to heat applicationof HTGRs through data sharing and other initiatives. On
January 19, 2020, Mr. Michał Kurtyka, Polish Minister of Climate,visited the HTTR at the Oarai Research and Development
Institute and expressed his positive expectations regarding thetechnological capabilities of JAEA and Japanese industry.
We are aiming to achieve an early restart of the HTTR, andto advance the Japanese HTGR technologies established by
the HTTR and to promote international standardization
through the cooperation with Poland.
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan
2020

4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan onward
2030

2040

2050

HTTR heat utilization test
Japan: demonstration plan for 950 C
heat application reactor(demonstration reactor for gas turbine/hydrogen production)

Commercial
cogeneration
plant

Poland: demonstration of
750 C heat application
reactor (demonstration
reactor using steam)Research cooperation with NCBJ

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)43

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

R&D Related to the Nuclear Fuel Cycle, Such as Reprocessing, Fuel
Manufacturing and Treatment and Disposal of Radioactive Waste

We conduct basic research and development on geological disposal technology for safe disposal of high-level
radioactive waste. We are also steadily implementing decommissioning of nuclear facilities which have beenpermanently shut down, radioactive waste processing, and the development of related technologies.

Research and Development Sites for Geological Disposal Technology
Fundamental R&D is conducted to support the national disposal program for high-level
radioactive waste.
At Horonobe Underground Research Center, which targets sedimentary rock,research and development are conducted using underground facilities. At the Tono
Geoscience Center, the Mizunami Underground Research Laboratory project, which
Horonobe Underground Research Centertargeted crystalline rock, completed its research and development activities in
FY2019 and has started work on the backfilling of the underground facilities.
The Toki Research Institute of Isotope Geology and Geochronology carries out
research on the long-term stability of the geological environment. The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories are
involved in the development of technology for the design and safety assessment of geological disposal systems.

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories

1.E-06(U0.553Pu0.285Am0.015Np0.147)O2±x(U0.715Pu0.285)O2±x“Calcula�on” indicates the results for MA(Am and Np)-free MOX. The inﬂuence of
MA content in MOX was quan�ﬁed in thisexperiment.

1.E-08

1.E-101.E-12

1.E-14
1.93

1.94

1.95

1.96

1.97

1.98

1.99

2.00

2.01

Oxygen content in MOX(Ratio of number of oxygen atoms to metal atoms)

Technology development steps
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

4th Medium-/Long-Term Plancorresponding part of the topic
Design technologyof MA-MOX fuelAcquisition ofbasic property data

Modeling ofproperties

Fabrication technologyof MA-MOX fuelData acquisition at laboratory scale

Incorporation of properties
in fuel design code

Establishment and utilization offuel design technology

Bench mark of fuel design code
Verification at small
engineering scale

Verification at actual
engineering scale

Establishment and utilization offuel fabrication technology

DC power supply

Societal
implementation

Used GCF
Uraniumcontaminatedmetal sample
taken and used
for testing

Sodium chloride(NaCl)-

Electrode

Alkaline
electrolyzed water
NaOH H2↑

Partition

The Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering
Center is researching a decontamination processusing weak-acidic electrolyzed water with the aim ofestablishing decontamination technology with low
use of dissolved metal that can be applied in a shorttime for decontamination of used gas centrifuges.
Since a decontamination process that combines
weak-acidic electrolyzed water with ultrasoniccleaning is highly safe, it may be applicable todecontamination processing for a range of metals
as well as used gas centrifuges and is seen as apromising decontamination technology for
nuclear facilities.

Cl

Acidic electrolyzed water
HClO+HCl (Cl2)+Na

Ultrasonic

Water

Progress of decontamination (ca.10min.)Research & development step
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

* Weak-acidic electrolyzed water can be made by electrolyzing
sodium chloride water (salt water). The main components are
hypochlorous acid and a trace amount of hydrochloric acid.

Basic test

4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Performance test

Demonstration

Operation

Societal
Implementation〇 Elucidation of a Mechanism Whereby Bedrock around Galleries Remains
Gas centrifuge at uranium enrichment
demonstration plant DOP-2, opened in 1989

Aomori Research and Development Centerin the Reduced State even after Excavation

At the Horonobe Underground Research Center, an oxidation-inhibiting mechanism around theunderground galleries was demonstrated for the first time in the world by taking into account theeffect of gases such as methane released from groundwater around the galleries. This researchshowed that it is possible to comprehensively evaluate the redox state in the gallery surroundings
by integrating and interpreting the results of investigations of the groundwater chemistry, gas
composition, and mineral composition in the area. It is expected that these research results will
provide important knowledge for the safety assessment of geological disposal systems.
3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

Accelerator mass spectrometer

Progress of research and development
Present study

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Experiment 1600℃
Experiment 1650℃
Calculation 1600℃
Calculation 1650℃

1.E-04

Partition

Development of new glass melter

The Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering Center has announced a plan to
become a ʻplatform for uranium and environmental research,ʼ based on which it isconducting research and development on centrifuge treatment methods forJapanʼs first project to decommission a large-scale uranium enrichment facility,
placing the highest priority on safety.

44

Relationship between temperature and oxygen content in MOX fuel

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratory is responsible
for R&D on minor actinide (MA)-bearing MOX (MA-MOX) fuelas part of work on reduction of the volume and toxicity ofhigh-level radioactive wastes.
The oxygen content of MOX fuel varies depending on
temperature, oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere andMA content. However, the effect of MAs on the oxygen content
has been unclear so far. We measured precisely the change inthe oxygen content of MA-MOX at high temperature (1600ºC
and 1650ºC) and deduced a formula for the relationship oftemperature to oxygen content which will help to advance fuelproduction and design technologies. We will continue working
to enhance the data on its thermo-physical properties topromote the practical use of MA-MOX fuel.

〇 Research on Decontamination Process for Used Gas Centrifuges

Ningyo-Toge Environmental Engineering Center

At Aomori Research and Development Center, based in Mutsu City, Aomori Prefecture,
ultra-trace radionuclides in the global environment are measured using an accelerator
mass spectrometer (AMS) with the worldʼs highest level of accuracy. The data contributes
to research on the migration behavior of radioactive materials in the marine environment.

〇 R&D on Thermo-physical Properties of MOX FuelElectrode

The Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories (NCL) are advancing with R&D on
subjects including plutonium-uranium mixed oxide (MOX) fuel, separation techniques
for minor actinide (MA) to reduce the volume and toxicity of radioactive waste, andcountermeasures for the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station.
NCL continues to contribute to innovation in the use of nuclear energy and theresolution of problems related to energy resources. The Tokai Reprocessing Plant (TRP)
is a large-scale nuclear fuel facility and its decommissioning is a major long-term
project. As one of Japanʼs leading institutions in the field, TRP is proceeding with thisdecommissioning, including related R&D.

TOPICS

Oxygen partial pressure (atm)

The cost of this R&D was 47,804 million yen (operations expenses 45,837 million yen and contracted expenses 1,929 million yen). The revenues recorded
as funding for the R&D included revenues from government funding for operational grant (35,532 million yen) and revenues from the nuclear waste
disposal charge fund (4,341 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated to account for revision of accounting standards), calculated byadding extraordinary loss, etc. (143,975 million yen) and other administrative costs (15,249 million yen) to this cost, was 207,028 million yen.

4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan
Understanding biological effects
and long-term geologicalcondition after the excavation

10 μm

PyriteResult of rock sample observation byscanning electron microscope withminimal contact with air (Observation
revealed that pyrite in the sample did
not dissolve.)

Design of evaluation method
for chemical buffer function

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)45

Outcome of Value Creation

Outcome of Operations and Resources Required

Activities for Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration
The cost of this R&D was 27,433 million yen (operations expenses 27,431 million yen), and the revenues recorded as funding for the R&D
included revenues from government funding for operational grant (25,609 million yen). The administrative cost (newly calculated toaccount for revision of accounting standards), calculated by adding extraordinary loss, etc. (4,193 million yen) and other administrative
costs (9,644 million yen) to this cost, was 41,270 million yen.

Placing the utmost priority on safety assurance, the Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning Demonstration is
working on the decommissioning of Fugen and Monju. Dismantling of the peripheral facilities of the reactor has
officially started at Fugen, while the unloading of fuel assemblies is in progress as planned at Monju. Both are
moving steadily toward the completion of decommissioning.

Toward the Completion of Decommissioning of “Fugen”
as for general industrial waste.
In addition, in February 2020, JAEA submitted to the
Nuclear Regulation Authority an application for approval ofthe design of the spent fuel transportation cask toward thecompletion of spent fuel transportation in FY2026.
Decommissioning Process
4th Medium-/Long-Term Plan

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

2nd Medium-Term Plan
FY2007FY2017

FY2022

Decontamination of Heavy
Dismantling of Reactor
Water and Helium Systems, etc.
Peripheral Facilities
Collection/transfer of heavy
water and tritium removal▼Present• Completion of heavy watercollection/transfer (FY2014)• Completion of tritium removal(FY2017)• Dismantling of condensers
and other major components
in turbine building, excl.
turbine generator

Dismantling of reactor
peripheral facilities

5th Medium-/Long-Term Plan
FY2031

Dismantling ofReactor

FY2033

Dismantlingof Buildings

Dismantlingof buildings

Transfer of spent fuels

FY2026★ Conclusion of spent fuel transfer preparation contract

In the decommissioning of Monju, Japanʼs first fast reactor,
we are harnessing the wisdom of domestic and overseas
professionals. We started the first phase of “fuel unloading”
in August 2018, which marks the first step of a 30-year
decommissioning process. “Fuel unloading” consists of“unloading of fuel assemblies” to transfer the fuel assemblies
from the reactor vessel to the ex-vessel fuel storage tank and“treatment of fuel assemblies” to clean the adhered sodium
from the surface of the fuel assemblies unloaded from theex-vessel fuel storage tank and transfer them to the fuel poolfor storage.
In FY2019, we unloaded 100 fuel assemblies from thereactor vessel and completed treatment of 130 fuel assemblies
by April 2020 as planned. Including the treatment of 86 fuelassemblies in FY2018, we are steadily proceeding with
operations towards the completion of “fuel unloading” in
FY2022, at the same time accumulating technological findings
obtained during the relevant operations and reflecting themin the handling of facilities.
Moreover, we completed the transfer to a tank of thesodium in the secondary cooling system in FY2018, and havebeen studying treatment and disposal methods for thesodium, dismantling plans for sodium-wet equipment and soon, establishing a technical cooperation framework withFrance and the United Kingdom, the leading nations in thedecommissioning of fast reactors. In this way, JAEA is
working to realize highly safe and efficient decommissioning.

Decommissioning Process

Fuel unloading operation

Fuel unloading
Fiscalyear

4th to 7th Medium-/Long-Term Plans

Preparation for
dismantling2018-2022

Dismantling Ⅰ

Dismantling Ⅱ

Fuel handlingmachineIn-vesseltransfermachine(1)

Ex-vessel fuelstorage tank

Dismantling andremoval of buildings

46

(2)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Na

Na

Preparations forDismantling anddismantling ofremoval of
sodium-wet equipment sodium-wet equipment

Reactor vessel

suspended under conditions of spent fuel storage. Suchpioneering initiatives are expected to be reflected in ongoinglight water reactor decommissioning projects.
Example of revised equipment maintenance andmanagement method(Suspension of heat removal of spent fuel storage pool)

Spent fuelSpent fuel storage pool

Heat removal
function
stoppedResidual heatremovalHeat exchanger
pump
Circulationpump

the systems envisaged in the initial design. Accordingly, toassess the impact of adopting partial loading on the safety(shutdown, cooling down, and containment) of reactor
facilities and the unloading of fuel assemblies, the behaviorof fuel assemblies during an earthquake was evaluated indetail using analysis codes. It was confirmed that partial
loading will not affect the integrity or unloading of fuelassemblies, and JAEA submitted an application for approvalof modification in April 2020, reflecting the content ofreviews received to date. Realization of partial loading is
expected to realize smooth promotion of future fuel assembly
unloading operations and thereafter of decommissioning
operations in general.

Dummy fuel assembly loading positions (neutron shields omitted)
Core before fuel assembly
unloading operation

After loading of dummyfuel assemblies, etc.

: Control rod assembly and neutron source assembly

After completion of fuelassembly unloading: Dummy fuel assembly, etc.

After partial loading: Vacancy (for 124 fuel assemblies)〇 Promotion of Safe and Rational Decommissioning by Gathering Overseas Wisdom
Ex-vessel fueltransfer equipment
Spent fueltransfer machine

2023-2047

Dismantling and removal of power-generating
facilities such as water / steam systems

In the fuel unloading operation for Monju, a dummy fuelassembly is currently loaded after unloading each fuelassembly from the reactor vessel. In the future, to reduce thechance of problems occurring and reduce the amount ofradioactive waste generated, we plan to adopt “partial
loading,” where dummy fuel assemblies are not loaded for
unloaded fuel assemblies (124 assemblies).
To that end, in July 2019, we submitted an application for
approval of change to the decommissioning plan. Partial
loading reduces the number of adjacent fuel assemblies
from six to three. This means that the number of surfaces on
which the fuel assemblies support each other reduces fromsix to three, and that the core system will be different from: Fuel assembly

Fuel unloading

Generalprocess

At Fugen, as approximately 10 years has passed since its
transition to decommissioning, and taking into account thestate of aging of the facilities and the progress of thedecommissioning, JAEA, as a pioneer of decommissioning
demonstration, submitted an application in March 2019 forapproval of change to the decommissioning plan to establish amore appropriate equipment maintenance and management
method, and received approval in July 2019.
This change to the plan made it possible to suspend theheat removal function of the pool water cooling andpurification system equipment and to eliminate themaintenance and management of related equipment, after
confirming that the water temperature of the spent fuelstorage pool did not exceed 52 C even when the heat removal
function is suspended under conditions of spent fuel storage.
As a result, we successfully reduced risks, such as coolingwater leakage, and maintenance and management cost.
Specifically, this was the first time in Japan that the heatremoval function of a spent fuel storage pool had been

〇 Realization of Partial Loading toward Rational and Efficient Implementation of Decommissioning in General
Dismantling of reactor

Toward the Completion of Decommissioning of “Monju”

3rd Medium-/Long-Term Plan

〇 Spent Fuel Storage Pool Heat Removal Function Suspended for First Time in Japan

Purificationequipment

At Fugen, we undertook dismantling operations inside thereactor building in FY2018 toward the completion of
decommissioning in FY2033. In FY2019, we started
dismantling and removal of the pipes on the loop A side of
the two loops in the reactor cooling system, and areproceeding with the dismantling and removal work including
making a through-hole to remove dismantling waste fromthe reactor building. Moreover, ahead of the dismantling andremoval of the reactor itself from FY2023, preparation andexamination of safe and efficient dismantling procedures isunderway, including sampling inside the reactor vessel todetermine with high precision the radioactivity of thestructural material of the reactor.
For the very low-radioactivity metals generated by thedismantling and removal of the turbine building, we havestarted clearance measurement and evaluation operations,the first to be carried out in Fukui Prefecture. In FY2019,
approximately 49 tons of dismantled metal was determined
to be below the clearance level. We will continue to work toallow reuse and disposal of such metal in the same manner

TOPICS

Storage of fuelassemblies in liquidsodium condition

Spent fuelpool

Underwater spent
fuel storage system
Spent fuel cleaning system
Storage of fuel(sodium removal)
assemblies inwater

Underwatertransfer car

Fuel unloading operation

(1)
(2)

: Fuel unloading
Unloading of fuel assemblies
from reactor vessel and transfer
to ex-vessel fuel storage tank
: Fuel processing and storage
Removal of fuel assemblies fromex-vessel fuel storage tank,removal of adhered sodium by
spent fuel cleaning system andtransfer of assemblies to spent
fuel pool for storage

JAEA is promoting studies on the spent fuel and sodium
treatment and disposal methods and the decommissioning planfor Monju through various initiatives undertaken to dateincluding the establishment of technical cooperation frameworks
with the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy
Commission (CEA), Électricité de France (EDF), and the UKʼs
Nuclear Decommissioning Authority (NDA), and dispatch of its

staff to the UK to gather information following the dispatch toFrance in FY2018. By promoting technical cooperation andhuman resource development, JAEA will continue to actively
gather information from overseas institutes experienced indecommissioning operations, proceed with studies on technicalchallenges in an efficient manner, and thereby contribute to therealization of highly safe and efficient decommissioning.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)47

Outcome of Value Creation

Premise Information for Proper Assessment of Operations

Results of Self-Assessment and Administrative Costby Segment in FY2019
Results of Ministerial Evaluation for Past Years

Premise Information for Proper Assessment of Operations
To assist the understanding and evaluation of JAEAʼs operations in FY2019,the operating scheme (revenue source and individual operations) for each segment is shown below.

(1) Self-Assessment and Administrative Cost in FY2019
Keeping in mind that the primary objective of national research and development agencies is achievement of both “maximization of
R&D results” and “appropriate, effective, and efficient operating,” JAEA conducted self-assessment of its performance in FY2019.
For details, please read JAEAʼs FY2019 Operational Results Report.
(https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/business_plan.html (in Japanese))
Item
Safety assurance and nuclear security

Rating*Administrative cost

B−

1. R&D pertaining to the response to the accident
at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

Engages steadily in R&D toward the decommissioning of TEPCOʼs
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Units 1-4 and in R&D on
environmental contamination response toward the revitalization andreconstruction of Fukushima, and strengthens the R&D infrastructure.
Subsidy for project
expenses topromotedecommissioning
research, etc.

Subsidy for
expenses tomanage radioactive
material researchbase facilities, etc.

Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

5. R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors
Conducts R&D toward establishment of fast reactor demonstration
technology and R&D on HTGR and relevant heat use technology tocontribute to the formulation and realization of Japanʼs future energy policies.
Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors

R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

S

R&D pertaining to the response to the accident at TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station

24,283 million yen
Business topromotedecommissioning
research, etc.

Management ofradioactive material
research basefacilities, etc.

R&D toward
decommissioning,etc.

R&D onenvironmental
restoration

Establishment of
R&D
infrastructure

Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for this purpose

A

9,910 million yen

R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security

S

3,193 million yen

Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field

S

43,035 million yen

R&D on fast reactors and advanced reactors

A

22,821 million yen

R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing,fuel manufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste

B207,028 million yen

Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration

A

41,270 million yen

Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of societyA

6,010 million yen

Promotion of rationalization and efficiency of operations

B−

Budget (including estimate of personnel expenses), revenues and expenditure plan, financing plan

B−

Establishment of effective and efficient management system

B−

3. R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that
contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security

Costs common to corporation

13,776 million yen

Conducts R&D that contributes to improving nuclear safety and activities
that contribute to international nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear
security to support peaceful use of nuclear energy.

Total

371,325 million yen* Ratings were specified based on the Guidelines for Evaluation of Incorporated Administrative Agencies(decided by the Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications on September 2, 2014, last revised on March 12, 2019)

2015

2016

2017

2018

Rating

B

B

B

B

Reasons for rating

2019

Conducts safety research and contributes to the establishment ofregulatory standards in order to provide technological support for nuclear
safety regulation. Also, provides personnel and technical assistance fornuclear emergencies, etc. as a designated public organization under the
Basic Act on Disaster Management, etc.
Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

6. R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing, fuelmanufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste
Conducts R&D related to reprocessing of spent fuel and fuel fabrication,
R&D on reduction of the volume and toxicity of radioactive waste, andR&D related to high-level radioactive waste disposal technology, etc.,
and also systematically executes decommissioning of nuclear facilities
and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste.
Subsidy for
nucleartransmutation
R&D expenses

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

Subsidy for project
expenses topromote nuclear
security
improvement, etc.

Technical assistancefor nuclear
emergency
preparedness andresponse

Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Burial disposal
account)

Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

R&D related to the nuclear fuel cycle, such as reprocessing,fuel manufacturing and treatment and disposal of radioactive waste

Technological support for nuclear safety regulation and safety research for this purpose

Technologicalsupport for nuclear
safety regulationand safety research
for this purpose

R&D, etc. on HTGR
and relevant heat
use technology

Nucleartransmutation
R&D

Systematic execution of nuclear
facility decommissioning andradioactive waste managementand development of related
technology

Technology
development
related to spent
fuel reprocessing
and fuel fabrication

R&D onreduction of thevolume andtoxicity ofradioactive waste

R&D related tohigh-level
radioactive waste
disposaltechnology

7. Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration
Safely and steadily proceeds with the decommissioning operations for
Monju and Fugen in the Tsuruga sector in accordance withdecommissioning plans.
Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

Activities for sector of Tsuruga decommissioning demonstration
R&D for improving nuclear safety and activities that contribute to nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear security(2) Overall Ratings of Past Fiscal Years by Competent Ministers within the present Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Periods
Fiscal year

2. Technological support for nuclear safety regulationand safety research for this purpose

R&D toward establishment offast reactor demonstration
technology and international
strategy planning aiming at
maximization of R&D outcomes

2020

2021

As shown in the evaluation for JAEA, the achievements were taken into account generally incomparison with the mid- to long-term objectives of the national research and development
agency based on the circumstances. As a result, the creation of achievements and expectationof creation of future results are recognized and steady management is operated.** Extract from the Evaluation of FY2018 Operating Results of Japan Atomic Energy Agency(October 2019, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry, Nuclear Regulation Authority)

Projects to promote
nuclear security
improvement, etc.

R&D, etc. toimprove nuclear
safety4. Basic and fundamental research and human resources
development in the nuclear field
Conducts basic and fundamental research that contributes to improving
the competitiveness of science and technology and the creation andindustrial use of new nuclear energy utilization technology, for the
purpose of establishing a common science and technology infrastructure
for the utilization of nuclear R&D. Also, strengthens initiatives to develop
human resources.
Subsidy for
expenses tomanage specificlarge advanced
research facilities

Activities for sectorof Tsuruga
decommissioning
demonstration

Activities that
contribute tonuclearnon-proliferationand nuclear security

Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

8. Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government
collaboration and secure the trust of society
Returns research achievements to society through initiatives including
strengthened industry-academia-government collaboration, technicalsupport for private nuclear power operators in nuclear fuel cycle
technology, and international cooperation and contribution, and also
works to gain improved understanding and trust in society by enhancing
public relations and outreach activities.
Government
funding for
operational grant(General account)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

Government
funding for
operational grant(Power usageaccount)

Activities to strengthen industry-academia-government collaboration and secure the trust of society
Basic and fundamental research and human resources development in the nuclear field

Management ofspecific largeadvanced researchfacilities

48

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Promotion of basic andfundamental research that supports
nuclear energy, cutting-edge
nuclear science research, researchusing neutrons, etc.

Promotion of
public utilization of
specific largeadvanced researchfacilities

Development of
nuclear humanresources andpromotion of use of
public use facilities

Initiatives towardinnovation creation

Support for private
nuclear power
operators in nuclear
fuel cycle businessInitiatives forsecuring trust ofsociety and local
communities

Promotion ofinternational
cooperation

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)49

Outcome of Value Creation

Summary of Financial Statements

Balance Sheet (https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese))
Item

FY2019Current assets(¥ million)

FY2018

189,324

Item

173,816

FY2019Current liabilities

FY201867,90964,423

Starting balance of fiscal year

Debt from government fundingfor operational grant

17,81013,835

Change in fiscal year

Cash and deposits (*1)

125,447

123,513

Securities

13,329

6,049

Reserves

8,819−

Nuclear materials

8,353

8,334

Others41,28050,588Others42,19635,920
Fixed liabilities

Fixed assets

308,015

207,027

597,812521,576

Asset-offsetting liabilities

130,102

143,662440,676

462,161

Reserves

147,817−

Buildings

85,421

88,635

Others

Machinery and equipment

33,14035,042

Land

57,26857,361

Construction in progress

184,444

180,661

Others80,401

100,462

Intangible fixed assets

2,576

2,605

Patent rights

62

72

2,514

2,533

Capital surplus

154,560

56,810

Cumulative total of otheradministrative costs

Tangible fixed assets

OthersInvestments and other assets

Capital surplus

Retained earnings

Total net assets

820,291– 421,648

25,298423,941

Other administrative costs (*5)

– 35,183

Gross profit for fiscal year (*6)
OthersEnding balance of fiscal year (*2)

– 1,767

2,686

– 190

729

818,524– 454,145

46,833

411,212

Cash Flow Statement (https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese))

818,524820,291

Personnel expenses

Government investment

802,232

803,962

Proceeds from subsidies

13,952

15,388

Private investment

16,292

16,329Other Proceeds

159,422

156,675

Other payments– 117,686– 111,023– 454,145– 421,648

Ⅱ．Cash flow from investment activities (B)– 9,571– 9,006

99,14428,749

Ⅲ．Cash flow from financial activities (C)– 1,523– 2,570– 553,289

−

1,934

6,538

−

– 450,397

46,83325,298411,212423,941

787,137

695,391

Capital surplus(*2)

Total liabilities and net assets

FY2019Ⅰ．Cash flow from business activities (A)Ⅳ．Fund increase (or decrease) (D = A + B + C)

Administrative Cost Statement

Profit and Loss Statement(https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese))(https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/(in Japanese))
Item

Extraordinary loss (*4)

181,090

Income taxes

52

Other administrative costs (*5)

35,183Administrative cost total

371,325

123,513116,975

125,447

123,513(Reference) Relation between Ending Balance of Fund and Cash and Deposits(¥ million)

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

FY2018125,447

Time deposits

FY2019FY2018

Ordinary expenses (A) (*3)

155,000

173,063

Operations expenses

138,043

152,553

Contracted expenses

12,071

15,717

General and administrative expenses

4,820

4,733

Financial expenses

41

34

Others26

27

156,358

175,020

Revenues from government funding for
operational grant

107,488

127,859

Revenues from contracted research

12,052

15,749

Revenues from facilities expenses

1,508

444

Revenues from subsidies

10,325

10,119

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities

11,972

11,271Others13,013

9,578

Extraordinary loss (C) (*4)

181,090

1,469

Extraordinary income (D)201,319

1,449

Income taxes (E)5252

Reversal of reserves carried over from previous
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period (F)

190

117

21,725

2,002

Ordinary revenues (B)Gross profit for fiscal year
(B – A – C + D – E + F) (*6)

50

18,114– 42,927

123,513−−

125,447

123,513(¥ million)

FY2019155,000

13,028– 42,661

Ⅵ．Ending balance of fund (F = E + D) (*7)

Cash and deposits (*1)(¥ million)

FY2018

Ⅴ．Starting balance of fund (E)FY2019Ordinary expenses (*3)(¥ million)

Items

Ending balance of fund (*7)

336,142

21,72563,365

Total net assets

Expenses on profit and loss
statement– 35,183
21,725

271,451

Capital stock

695,391

Capital stock

30,097Retained earnings

787,137(¥ million)

375,924

Total liabilities

Accumulated depreciation notincluded in profit or loss

Total assets

Statement of Changes in Net Assets (https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese))(Reference) Impact on Financial Statements of Revision of Accounting Standards
for Incorporated Administrative Agencies○ Accounting Process for Reserves

Because reserves with measures on source of revenue by government funding for operational grant and other funds were included in
debts and the same amount was included in assets as reserve offsets, current liabilities, fixed liabilities, current assets, and fixed assets
were increased by 8,813 million yen, 147,157 million yen, 6,582 million yen, and 111,462 million yen, respectively, compared with theprevious fiscal year. Additionally, for the transferred amount of these reserves, 4,928 million yen for this fiscal year was included inordinary expenses, 163,879 million yen for previous fiscal years in extraordinary loss, 4,928 million yen of earnings pertaining to reserve
offsets for this fiscal year in ordinary revenues, and 123,722 million yen of that for previous fiscal years in extraordinary income.
○ Accounting Process of Amount Equivalent to Expenses Related to Specific Assets

Since the new accounting standards stipulate that, of the succeeded assets, an amount equivalent to the expenses related to specificassets is to be deducted from the capital surplus instead of being included in expenses, the capital surplus was decreased by 19,840
million yen. Additionally, associated with this process change, ordinary expenses decreased by 201 million yen compared with theprevious fiscal year, and extraordinary income was increased as a result of the inclusion in earnings of 19,639 million yen that had
been included in expenses in previous fiscal years.
○ Impairment of Fixed Assets Included in Asset-Offsetting Liabilities

Because an impairment loss on fixed assets included in asset-offsetting liabilities was included in extraordinary loss and the sameamount of reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities was included in extraordinary income, both extraordinary loss and extraordinary
income were increased by 15,009 million yen compared with the previous fiscal year.
For details on financial statements, please see JAEA website.
https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/(in Japanese).
Figures are rounded to the nearest integer for the unit provided. The total shown may be different from the sum of relevant individual items.

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)51

Outcome of Value Creation

Summary of Financial Statements

Outline of Budget and Settlement

Explanations of Items in Summary of Financial Statements

Comparison of Budget and Settlement(1) Balance Sheet

Items(¥ million)
Budget amount

Settlement amount

Cash and deposits: Cash and deposits

Securities: Trading securities, government bonds that mature within 1 year, government-guaranteed bonds

Nuclear materials: Nuclear source materials and nuclear fuel materials stipulated by relevant laws and regulations

Government funding for operational grant

132,443

132,443

Buildings: Buildings and ancillary equipment

Government subsidies

18,31917,559Machinery and equipment: Machinery and equipment

Other subsidies

0

1,143

Land

: LandConstruction in progress: Amount expended and materials appropriated for construction or production in progress

Revenues from contract, etc.

3,061

11,980Intangible fixed assets: Patent rights, trademark rights, software, etc.

Other income

2,523

2,849

Investments and other assets: Investment securities, long-term prepaid expenses, security deposits, security money, etc.

Contribution for treatment and disposal of waste

9,400

9,719

Debt from government fundingfor operational grant: Account that shows the liability generated when receiving government funding for operational grant

145,383

146,343

311,130

322,035

Incomings

Amount carried over from previous fiscal year
Total

Others (current liabilities): Accounts payable, accrued expenses, deposits received, etc.

Reserves: Specific future expenses or losses accrued as expenses or losses for the fiscal year, including reserve for bonus,
reserve for retirement benefits, reserve for radioactive waste, and reserve for environmental measures

Asset-offsetting liabilities: Liabilities appropriated when depreciable assets are obtained in accordance with the purpose of use predeterminedby the Agency and within the scope envisaged by the Medium-/Long-Term Plan by means of government funding for
operational grant or subsidies, etc. from national or local government

General and administrative expenses

4,999

5,206

Business expenses

139,929

135,656

Others (fixed assets): Long-term donations deposited, asset retirement obligations, etc.

Expenses related to government subsidies

18,31917,610Capital stock: Paid-in capital sourced from investment in the Agency

Capital surplus: Capital other than capital stock and retained earnings(in the case of appropriation of fixed assets, those appropriated assets deemed to constitute part of the Agencyʼsfinancial basis in consideration of the nature of the acquired asset)

Expenses related to other subsidies

Cumulative total of other administrative costs: Cumulative total that shows the practical reduction in the financial basis of the Incorporated Administrative Agency
corresponding to the reduction in the assets acquired using government investment, facilities expenses granted bygovernment, etc. as the source of funds.

Retained earnings: Cumulative total of surplus generated in connection with the Agencyʼs operations

Outgoings

Expenses related to contract, etc.
Amount carried over to next fiscal year
Total

0

1,143

3,058

12,204

144,825

148,050

311,130

319,871

For details, please see JAEAʼs financial statements.

(2) Administrative Cost Statement
Expenses on profit and loss statement: Ordinary expenses, extraordinary loss, and income taxes on the profit and loss statement

Other administrative costs: Account that shows the level of the practical reduction in the financial basis of the Incorporated Administrative
Agency corresponding to the reduction in the assets acquired using government investment, facilities expenses
granted by the government, etc. as the source of funds.

Administrative cost

: Account that has the character of the full cost used for generating the output of the Incorporated Administrative
Agency and the character of an indicator showing the basis for calculating costs related to the operations of theIncorporated Administrative Agency that are attributable to the nation(3) Profit and Loss Statement
Operations expenses: Expenses required for R&D operations of the Agency

Contracted expenses: Expenses required for contracted operations of the Agency

General and administrative expenses: Expenses required for the headquarters management sectors of the Agency

Financial expenses: Expenses for financing and leasing, such as interest payments

Others (ordinary expenses): Miscellaneous losses, etc.

Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant: Revenues originating from government funding for operational grant which is recognized as revenues for thefinancial year

Revenues from contracted research: Revenues arising from contracted research

Revenues from facilities expenses: Revenues originating from facility expenses from the government which is recognized as revenues for the financial year

Revenues from subsidies: Revenues originating from subsidies, etc. from national and local government which is recognized as revenues forthe financial year

Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities: Asset-offsetting liabilities converted to revenues in response to depreciation, etc.

Others (ordinary revenues): Miscellaneous income, etc.

Extraordinary loss

: Loss on retirement or sale of fixed assets, casualty loss, etc.

Extraordinary income: Income corresponding to the cost of retirement of fixed assets, etc.

Income taxes: Paid amount of corporate, inhabitant, and enterprise taxes

Reversal of reserves carried over from ofprevious Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period: Reversal arising from cost generated for the fiscal year for the retained earnings carried over from the previous
Medium-/Long-Term Objectives period in accordance with Article 21, Paragraph 1, of the Act on the Japan Atomic
Energy Agency(4) Statement of Changes in Net Assets
Ending balance of fiscal year

: Balance shown in the net assets section of the balance sheet(5) Cash Flow Statement

52

Cash flow from business activities: Cash flow originating from activities other than investment or financial activities, such as revenues from provision ofservices and payments for purchase of raw materials, commodities, or services(shows the state of funds for the execution of the Agencyʼs normal operations)

Cash flow from investment activities: Cash flow originating from acquisition, sale, etc. of fixed assets(shows the state of funds for investment activities to secure the business base for the future)

Cash flow from financial activities: Cash flow originating from procurement and repayment of funds, such as incomings and outgoings of funds andincomings and outgoings due to issuance and redemption of bonds and borrowings and repayments

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)53

Presidentʼs Explanations on Financial Situation and Operation Status(1) Balance Sheet(Assets)
The total of assets as of the end of FY2019 was 787,137
million yen, an increase of 91,745 million yen (13%) comparedwith the end of the previous fiscal year. The main cause ofthis was the appropriation of reserves that started this fiscal
year following the revision of the Accounting Standards for
Incorporated Administrative Agencies and other related
regulations. As a result, 118,710 million yen of reserve offsets
corresponding to the reserves was included in the assets.

(Liabilities)
The total of liabilities as of the end of FY2019 was 375,924
million yen, an increase of 104,474 million yen (38%)
compared with the end of the previous fiscal year. The maincause of this was the appropriation of 156,636 million yen ofreserves that started this fiscal year following the revision of
the Accounting Standards for Incorporated Administrative
Agencies and other related regulations.

(2) Administrative Cost Statement
Administrative cost in FY2019 was 371,325 million yen, of
which expenses on the profit and loss statement accounted
for 336,142 million yen and other administrative costs for
35,183 million yen. Please note that expenses on the profit

and loss statement include an extraordinary loss of 163,879
million yen associated with the revision of the AccountingStandards for Incorporated Administrative Agencies andother related regulations.

Outcome of Value Creation(6) Financial Data Year-on-Year Comparison and Budget, Revenues and Expenditure Plan,
and Financing Plan for Next Fiscal Year
1. Year-on-Year Comparison of Primary Financial Data
Items
AssetsLiabilities
Net assets
Administrative cost
Ordinary revenues
Ordinary expenses
Gross profit [or loss (indicated by negative sign)]
for fiscal year
Cash flow from business activities
Cash flow from investment activities
Cash flow from financial activities
Ending balance of fund(¥ million)

FY2015
948,147
394,226
553,921−
182,875
182,277

Third Medium-/Long-Term Objectives Period
FY2016FY2017FY2018753,495
696,898
695,391
266,329
265,770
271,451
487,166
431,128
423,941−−−
160,309
161,542
175,020
158,696
158,920
173,063

FY2019787,137
375,924
411,212371,325
156,358
155,000

961

427– 2,182

2,002

21,72532,460– 38,737– 2,397
99,242

15,897
9,874– 3,181
118,791

25,380– 24,718– 2,478
116,975

18,114– 9,006– 2,570
123,513

13,028– 9,571– 1,523
125,447

2. Budget, Revenues and Expenditure Plan, and Financing Plan for Next Fiscal Year

(3) Profit and Loss Statement(Ordinary expenses)
Ordinary expenses in FY2019 were 155,000 million yen,a decrease of 18,063 million yen (10%) compared with theprevious fiscal year. The decrease arises from a decrease
in repair costs of 10,748 million yen (32%) and the reversalof reserves that started this fiscal year following therevision of the Accounting Standards for Incorporated
Administrative Agencies and other related regulations.
(Ordinary revenues)
Ordinary revenues in FY2019 was 156,358 million yen,a decrease of 18,662 million yen (11%) compared with theprevious fiscal year. The main cause of this was a decrease(1) Budget
in the revenues from government funding for operational
grant primarily due to the inclusion of extraordinary
income in income from reserve offsets following therevision of the Accounting Standards for Incorporated
Administrative Agencies and other related regulations.
(Gross profit for the fiscal year)
The gross profit for FY2019 was 21,725 million yen after
the recording of ordinary expenses, ordinary revenues,
extraordinary loss such as loss on retirement of fixed assets
and extraordinary income such as revenues fromgovernment funding for operational grant.

(4) Statement of Changes in Net Assets
The total amount of assets as of the end of FY2019 was411,212 million yen, of which capital stock accounted for
818,524 million yen, capital surplus for 99,144 million yen, thecumulative total of other administrative costs for a negative
figure of 553,289 million yen, and retained earnings for

46,833 million yen. Following the revision of the AccountingStandards for Incorporated Administrative Agencies andother related regulations, the cumulative total of otheradministrative costs includes other administrative costs in all
fiscal years up to FY2018.

(5) Cash Flow Statement(Cash flow from business activities)
The cash flow from business activities in FY2019 was 13,028
million yen, a decrease of 5,086 million yen (28%) comparedwith the previous fiscal year. The main cause of this was anincrease in expenditure associated with R&D activities of
6,419 million yen (6%).
(Cash flow from investment activities)
The cash flow from investment activities in FY2019 was a
deficit figure of 9,571 million yen, a deficit increase of 565
million yen (6%) compared with the previous fiscal year.

The main causes of this were increases of 4,921 million yen(34%) in expenditure associated with acquisition of tangible
fixed assets and of 5,121 million yen in revenues fromredemption of securities.
(Cash flow from financial activities)
The cash flow from financial activities in FY2019 was a
deficit figure of 1,523 million yen, a deficit decrease of 1,047
million yen (41%) compared with the previous fiscal year.
The main cause of this was a decrease in expenditure of
1,049 million yen arising from redemption of PFI debt.

(¥ million)
Category

Incomings
Government funding for operational grantSubsidy for facility maintenance expenses
Subsidy for expenses to manage specific largeadvanced research facilities
Subsidy for business expenses to promote
nuclear security improvement, etc.
Subsidy for nuclear transmutation R&D expenses
Subsidy for business expenses to promote
decommissioning research, etc.
Revenues from contract, etc.
Other revenues
Contribution for treatment and disposal of waste
Amount carried over from previous fiscal year
(carried-over waste treatment business expenses)
Total
Outgoings
General and administrative expenses
Business expenses
Expenses related to subsidy for facility
maintenance expenses
Expenses related to subsidy for expenses tomanage specific large advanced research facilities
Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses
to promote nuclear security improvement, etc.
Expenses related to subsidy for nuclear
transmutation R&D expenses
Expenses related to subsidy for business expenses
to promote decommissioning research, etc.
Expenses related to contract, etc.
Amount carried over to next fiscal year
Total(2) Revenues and Expenditure Plan

Total
133,994
79
10,183
508
153
1,288
3,054
1,643
9,400
146,094306,395
5,556
142,631187
10,183
508
153
1,288
3,050
142,839
306,395

Category
Expenses
Ordinary expenses
Business expenses
General and administrative expenses
Expenses related to contract, etc.
Depreciation expenses
Revenues
Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant
Revenues from subsidies
Revenues from waste disposal
for research facilities, etc.
Revenues from contract, etc.
Revenues from contribution
for treatment and disposal of waste
Other revenues
Reversal of asset-offsetting liabilities
Revenues from reserve offsets
Net income
Gross profit(3) Financing Plan
Category
Outgoing funds
Expenditure for business activities
Expenditure for investment activities
Amount carried over to next fiscal year
Incoming funds
Revenues from business activities
Revenues from government fundingfor operational grant
Reception from other accounts
Revenues from subsidies
Revenues from waste disposal
for research facilities, etc.
Revenues from contract, etc.
Revenues from contribution
for treatment and disposal of waste
Other income
Revenues from investment activities
Revenues from facility maintenance expenses
Amount carried over from previous fiscal year(¥ million)
Total
151,775
130,391
5,026
3,050
13,308111,429
12,132
3
3,050
6,538
1,920
13,3085,002
1,607(¥ million)
Total
274,274
151,312
13,851109,111274,274
132,103
1,890
12,132
3
3,050
9,400
1,643
79
113,974

For details, please see the Annual Plan.

54

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)55

Basic Information

Basic Information on JAEA

Profile of Organization

Reform of PNC
1956
Atomic Fuel Corporation
launched

1967
Power Reactor and Nuclear Fuel
Development Corporation (PNC) launched

1998
Japan Nuclear Cycle Development
Institute (JNC) launchedTransfer of part of operations (April 1, 2016)

National Institutes for Quantum andRadiological Science and Technology

October 1, 2005
Independent Administrative
Agency, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency established1956
Japan Atomic Energy
Research Institute launched

Enactment of Japan Atomic
Energy Agency Act (2004)

Integration (1985)

Report Concerning theIntegration of Two
Corporations (2003)

Japan Nuclear Ship Research and Development Agency

Consolidation andrationalization plan for special
public corporations (approvedby the Cabinet in 2001)

History

Employees
The number of full-time employees as of the end of FY2019 was 3,090 (no change from the previous fiscal year end), and theaverage age was 43.2 years (43.5 years as of the previous fiscal year end). There were no employees on secondment from thenational government or private companies. The number of employees retiring on March 31, 2020 was 115.

Transition in Number of Staff and Budget

April 1, 2015
Name changed to National Research and Development
Agency, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Budget(¥ billion)
400

No. of staff as of fiscal year end (No. of employees under age-limit system)(persons)
5,000

Law Underlying Establishment of JAEA
4,338

Act on the Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Independent Administrative Agency (Act No.155 of December 3, 2004)

Organization

President
Executive Vice President
Executive Directors (6)

4,248

4,157

4,078

300

(Management Sector)

3,955

3,948

3,922

3,892

3,831

3,741

3,683

195.4

195.4

Decommissioning and Radioactive Waste
Management Head Office
Office of Strategy and International Affairs

Auditors
(2)

209.4

Safety and Nuclear Security
Administration Department

200

200.4

195.0

195.4

192.7

R&D Program Management Department

188.6

189.1

177.0

182.8

Legal and Audit Department

Personnel Department

Contract Department
Public Relations Department

3,133 3,104

3,090

4,000

3,090
3,000

148.8

General Affairs Department

Financial Affairs Department

April 1, 2016
National Institutes for Quantum
and Radiological Science andTechnology launched

156.8

153.8

154.9

(Research and Development Sector)
Sector of Fukushima Research andDevelopment

100

2,000

Sector of Nuclear Safety Research andEmergency Preparedness

Smart Operation Promotion Office
Sector of Nuclear Science Research(Common Mission Sector)
Intellectual Resources Management andR&D Collaboration Department
Construction Department
Center for Computational
Science & e-Systems

Sector of Fast Reactor and Advanced
Reactor Research and Development
Sector of Nuclear Fuel, Decommissioning andWaste Management Technology Development
Sector of Tsuruga Decommissioning
Demonstration

0

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016*

2017

2018

2019 (FY)

1,000

October 1, 2005
Japan Atomic Energy Agency launched* Decrease in number of staff and budget associated with the launch of National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology

Nuclear Human Resource Department Center
Integrated Support Center for Nuclear
Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security

State of Establishment of Important Facilities

Tsuruga Head Office

Major Specified Affiliated Companies, Affiliated Companies and Related Public Interest Corporations
Corporation

Outline of operations

Relation to JAEA

Mutual Aid Association
for Japan Atomic
Energy Agency

Promotes the benefit and welfare of executive directors, staff and other employees of Japan
Atomic Energy Agency and its full-time officers and employees and conducts activities tocontribute to and achieve the advancement of the Agencyʼs operations.

Related public
interest corporation

Institute of Radiation
Measurements

Conducts activities necessary to improve the reliability of radiation measurement and uses theresults of these activities and training and education on radiation measurement to contributeto and achieve the healthy advancement of the development and use of nuclear energy andradiation and the realization of a safe and secure society.

Related public
interest corporation

Japan Chemical
Analysis Center

Conducts activities such as analysis and measurement of radioactive materials contained inenvironmental materials, analysis and measurement of various other substances, related
investigation and research to contribute to the improvement of the health and safety of theJapanese people, and activities to contribute to and achieve the development of academia
and science and technology.

Related public
interest corporation

Radiation Application
Development
Association

Promotes activities for radiation application and conducts activities to contribute to and achieve
the improvement of the Japanese peopleʼs life and the establishment of a sustainable society bypromoting dissemination of knowledge and technology related to the use of nuclear energy.

Related public
interest corporation(1) Major facilities, etc. completed this fiscal year
• None(2) New construction or expansion of major facilities, etc. in progress this fiscal year
• Safety measures of nuclear facilities, etc.
• Establishment of research base facilities towards decommissioning of TEPCOʼs Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station(3) Major facilities, etc. disposed of this fiscal year
• NoneFor details, please see the detailed statements attached to JAEAʼs financial statements. (https://www.jaea.go.jp/about_JAEA/financial/ (in Japanese))

Accounting Auditor
KPMG AZSA LLC

56

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)57

Basic Information

Basic Information on JAEA

Principal Themes in R&D and Location of R&D Sites

Other Information for Publication

Principal Themes◆ JAEA publicizes its activities through various media.

JAEA prioritizes the following themes: establishment of technologies towards
the revitalization and reconstruction of Fukushima; continuous improvement of
nuclear safety, basic and fundamental research to support nuclear energy;
establishment of decommissioning and waste management technologies;
establishment of fast reactor cycle technologies; and implementing thedecommissioning of “Fugen” and “Monju.” These are based on energy policies
encompassing nuclear energy and the science and technology policies shown in
the Strategic Energy Plan (Cabinet Decision of July 2018), the Fifth Science andTechnology Basic Plan (Cabinet Decision of January 2016) and the basic policy ofthe decommissioning plan for “Monju” (Cabinet Decision of June 2017).

Establishment ofTechnologies toward the
Revitalization andReconstruction of Fukushima

Establishment of
Decommissioning and Waste
Management Technologies

Continuous Improvementof Nuclear Safety

Establishment of Fast
Reactor Cycle Technologies

Basic and Fundamental
Research to Support
Nuclear Energy

Implementing theDecommissioning of“Fugen” and “Monju”

R&D Sites, etc. (as of June 2020)

Tono Geoscience Center• Toki Research Institute of Isotope
Geology and Geochronology
959-31 Jorinji, Izumi-cho, Toki-shi,
Gifu 509-5102
Tel: +81-572-53-0211

Information on the activities of JAEA
such as R&D status.

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/
jaea_channel/(Miharu)
10-2 Fukasaku, Miharu-machi,
Tamura-gun, Fukushima 963-7700
Tel: +81-247-61-2910

Aomori Research andDevelopment Center(Mutsu)400 Kitasekine, Sekine, Mutsu-shi,
Aomori 035-0022
Tel: +81-175-25-3311(Minamisoma)
45-169 Sukakeba, Kaibama, Haramachi-ku,
Minamisoma-shi, Fukushima 975-0036
Tel: +81-244-25-2072

Naraha Center for Remote Control
Technology Development
1-22 Nakamaru, Yamadaoka, Naraha-machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-0513
Tel: +81-240-26-1040

Publicity Brochures

Okuma Analysis and Research Center
Tel: +81-246-35-7650 (Iwaki Office)Fukushima Environmental Safety Center

Tsuruga Head Office65-20 Kizaki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-8585
Tel: +81-770-23-3021

Tokyo Office

19F Fukoku Seimei Building, 2-2-2
Uchisaiwaicho, Chiyoda-ku,
Tokyo 100-8577
Tel: +81-3-3592-2111

Fugen Decommissioning
Engineering Center

3 Myojin-cho, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-8510
Tel: +81-770-26-1221

Harima SR Radioisotope
Laboratory

Prototype Fast Breeder
Reactor Monju

1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun,
Hyogo 679-5148
Tel: +81-791-58-0822

2-1 Shiraki, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
919-1279
Tel: +81-770-39-1031

6-2, 54 Nouma, Tsuruga-shi, Fukui
914-0833
Tel: +81-770-20-0050

https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/

JAEA Channel(Tomioka)
790-1 Ohtsuka, Motooka, Tomioka- machi,
Futaba-gun, Fukushima 979-1151
Tel: +81-240-21-3530• Mizunami Underground ResearchLaboratory
1-63 Yamanouchi, Akiyo-cho,
Mizunami-shi, Gifu 509-6132
Tel: +81-572-66-2244

Nuclear Emergency Assistanceand Training Center (NEAT)(Fukui)Social Network Services(Twitter official account@JAEA_en)

Collaborative Laboratories for
Advanced Decommissioning
Science (CLADS)

Horonobe UndergroundResearch Center

432-2 Hokushin, Horonobe-cho,Teshio-gun, Hokkaido 098-3224
Tel: +81-1632-5-2022

JAEA Homepage

Ningyo-toge Environmental
Engineering Center

Iwaki Office

8F Taira Central Building, 7-1
O-machi, Taira, Iwaki-shi, Fukushima
970-8026
Tel: +81-246-35-7650

Fukushima Office

7F NBF Unix Building, 6-6 Sakae-machi,
Fukushima City, Fukushima
960-8031
Tel: +81-24-524-1060

Headquarters

JAEA Pamphlets

Nuclear Science Research Institute1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho,Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698
Tel: +81-868-44-2211“Genki”

Future Vision “JAEA 2050 +”765-1 Funaishikawa, Tokai-mura,Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1184
Tel: +81-29-282-1122

Dissemination of Scientific Achievements

2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-282-5100

J-PARC Center

2-4 Shirakata, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun,Ibaraki 319-1195
Tel: +81-29-284-4578

Paris Office28, rue de Berri 75008 Paris,
FRANCE
Tel: +33-1-42-60-31-01

Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering
Laboratories (NCL)
4-33 Muramatsu, Tokai-mura,Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1194
Tel: +81-29-282-1111

Oarai Research and Development
Institute4002 Narita-cho, Oarai-machi,
Higashi-ibaraki-gun, Ibaraki 311-1393
Tel: +81-29-267-4141

Vienna Office

Washington Office1201 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Suite 240,
Washington, D.C. 20004, U.S.A.
Tel: +1-202-338-3770

58

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Leonard Bernsteinstrasse 8/2/34/7,
A-1220, Wien, AUSTRIA
Tel: +43-1-955-4012

Research Achievements

Technical Seeds Collections

Research and Development Reports

Nuclear Emergency Assistance andTraining Center (NEAT)
11601-13 Nishi-jusanbugyo,
Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki 311-1206
Tel: +81-29-265-5111

Inquiries

An Inquiry Page is available on our website Home Page https://www.jaea.go.jp/english/query/

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)59

Basic Information

JAEA at a Glance

Quantitative Analysis of the JAEA Achievements

Performance Information

Dissemination of R&D Achievements
Number of Papers PublishedPeer-Reviewed
Others308

Cooperation/Collaboration with Other Organizations

1,168

Oral Presentations

1,748

International860

84 participants from10 countries

Indicators of R&D Activities

244

New Patents (Domestic Only)

127

13,315

Awards of the MEXT Minister60

Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Awards fromvarious Academic Associations

15

participants

1241

Public Hearings and Public Relations Activities
Outreach Activities
Open Campus/Accepting
Individual Visitors

Awards1

256

Public Hearings and Public Relations Activities

million yen

40

Domestic Training Courses

137

External Research Funds(Research Contract, etc.)

Number of Research Contracts

Domestic

Number of Cross-Appointment Researchers

Number of
Facility Time-Sharing Contracts

Number of
Joint Research Projects

112International Training Courses

124

Number of JAEA R&D Reports Published

National Medal of Honor

Cooperation Agreements with Other Organizations

757

times

1,100

(A total of approx.)

46,000participants(A total of approx.)

times

14,000participants

96

Annual Report Japan Atomic Energy Agency 2020 (Business Report FY2019)61