Study of Black Holesand Multi-Messenger
Astronomy with CTA
Kunihito Ioka
(Center for Gravitational
Physics, YITP, Kyoto U.)

Talk
20

CTAで迫る物理
CTA Physics Drivers井岡 邦仁
Kunihito IOKA
(KEK, SOKENDAI)

15

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

Talk
20
3

Mysteries in 21th Century?

Origin of
Cosmic Rays

Black Hole Jet

15…

Dark Matter2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

Talk
20
4

Mysteries in 21th Century?

Origin ofCosmic Rays
Susumu Inoue

15…

Kazunori Kohri
Black Hole Jet

Dark Matter2019.3.14BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

5Multi-Messenger Era
CosmicPhotonRaynGravitational
Wave

21th Century: Multi-Messenger Era

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

Amplitude of Gravitational Waves

2019.3.14

6

GW150914

LIGO 16

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

7

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

8

Evolution to Black Holes
Gravity
Quantum

Physics

W. A. Fowler

Star
Chandrasekhar
Bethe

Cosmology

Supernova Supernova
Remnant
GRB
DavisKoshiba
Weiss, Barish& Thorne
CompactAGNStar

Penzias, WilsonSmootBlack Hole
ComputerMather,Perlmutter, Riess, Active galactic nuclei Neutron Star
Massive black holeSchmidt
White Dwarf
at the center of galaxy
Giacconi
HewishHulse, Taylor

High Energy Universe

CosmicRayHessAnderson
YukawaPowellKajita

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

9

How to Form a Jet?
B, e±, p, Fe?
Lorentz factor?
Dissipation?
p acceleration?
Jet? Disk wind?
EllipticalSpiralhas a jet has no jet2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

10

Cosmic Ray

E<1015-16eV (Knee)F∝E-2.7
Supernova remnant(?)
LCR~1041erg/s~0.1ESN/tSN

E-2.7
E2Knee(~1/m2/yr)

UHECR
GZK cutoff?
(~1/km2/century)
Gaisser 06

E-3
E2Ankle(~1/km2/yr)

1015-16<E<1018eV (Ankle)

F∝E-3-3.2
E-2.7E2 Galactic origin?
<1014-15eV by SNR
E-3.2
E2

1018eV<E

F∝E-2.7
Extra-Gal. AGN? GRB?

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

11

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

12GW170817
1st GW from NS2

NS2 = Short GRB?
40yr-old hypothesis~100 sec chirp ⇒ NS-NS

Pacynski 86, Goodman 86
Eichler, Livio, Piran & Schramm 89

R-process elements

Equation of state
Relativity,Cosmology,…

Lattimer & Schramm 74

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

New Era ofMulti-Messenger
13

Follow-up observations>3000 people
g-ray: ~1.7340.054 sec⇒ sGRB 170817A
UV-Opt-IR: 10.86 hr⇒ Macronova/Kilonova
X, radio: ~10 day⇒ Afterglow
LVC-EM 17
Band: GCN circ., Circles ∝ brightness2019.3.14

BH and Mul1messenger with CTA by K. Ioka

14Gamma-Ray BurstE=mc2 (by Einstein)==
Atomic bomb

~1kg

GRB~1052erg

Sun~1033g

In ~sec, GRB release energy Sun emit over lifetime

GRB is the most luminous object

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

15

Particle Acceleration
Neutron starl Hillas condition

GRB

l LB~4pR2(B2/8p)c00∝(BR)2 Blandford
Waxman 04
l Emax>EeV

Gamma-Ray Burst

LHC

E<ZqBRVe
12

10

TeV sources

ot
pron

Active Galactic Nuclei

GalaxyCluster

DarkMatter?

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

16

Merger of 1.3-1.4 Msun NS:
EOS=APR4; stiff but relatively softr (g/cm3)

Relatively wider view

Orbital plane©Shibata, Hotokezaka

X-Z plane2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

17

Jet Breakout from Ejecta
Ejecta is also
on the pole

Nagakura+ 14
Murguia-Berthier + 14

Similar to collapsars (long GRBs)
Weak jet ~1046 erg/s cannot break out

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

18

GW170817 & GRB 170817A
LVC-GBM-INTEGRAL 17

3 (of 12) GBM NaI detectors
T0=1.740.05 sec (68%)
T90=2.00.5 sec

Weak but Detected
LVC-EM 17
Goldstein+ 17
Savchenko+ 17

Eiso = 51046 erg

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.14

19

Limits on GW170817
No detection so far
CTA is more powerful
Murase+ 18

HESS+ 18

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

KI & Nakamura 17
see also
Abbott+ 17, Granot+ 17,
Lamb & Kobayashi 18,
Kasilwal+ 17

weeks~months

X/Radio
afterglow

G-1

Jet-ISM shock

Ejecta-ISMshock

G-1
Jet
G~100

Cocoonv~0.2-0.4c

Dqqv

Mergerejectav~0.03-0.2c(dynamical/shock/wind)Disk

20~sec>years

Off-axissGRB

X/Radioflare~1day opt.
macronova~10day IR
macronova

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

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21

Off-Axis Emission
1054

1053

[Troja+19]×10%
Off-axis emission

Isotropic Eγ,iso(θ) [erg]

1052
10

Γ=2000/[1+(θ/θc)51

θc=0.059=3.4°

1050
1049

1048
10Eγ,isoGRB 170817A

4710461045
1044

053.8]

PredictbrightersGRBs:
qv<20,10
P~20, 5%(still largeuncertain)

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60KI & Nakamura 19
Viewing angle θv of the jet2019.3.14

BH and Mul1messenger with CTA by K. Ioka

>GeV g-ray from GRBs
GRB 090510

nFnkeV

MeV

GeV

CTA

2008-Abdo+ 09n+ -l G>1000 to avoid gg→e el >1017eV p+g→p→g,e?

22

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.14

23

GRB 190114C
MAGICFirst TeV (long) GRB

Ravasio+ 19

keV

GeV

FutureTeV CTABH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

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24

Transient Observatory

LSTslew in~20 s
CTA 1709.07997

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Ioka

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25

Extended Emission
Short GRB

Too rapid decline: NOT afterglow
BUT central engine
KI+ 052x Energy

GRB050724
Barthelmy+ 05

t >~20 sec
CTA can turnto the source2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

26

Real Time Search
Adv LIGO
5-95%
uncertainties

In the near future,
alert time will
be negative

Cannon+ 12

Alert time
GW170817: ~5 hr
O3: minutes delay

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

Fast Radio Bursts
Thornton+ 13

27

Totani+ 13

Swinburne Astronomy Productions

64m Parkes radio telescope (New South Wales)
High Time Resolution Universe (HTRU) Survey
High latitude survey (-70 deg < b < -30 deg)
n=1.382 GHz, Dn=400 MHz/1024, Dq~14 arcmin

F=0.6-8.0 Jy ms !!!
Most luminous
mysterious
radio transients2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

28

Cosmology
Abbott+ 17

Cosmology

qv<32°(1s)Degenerate btw H0 & qv

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

29

2018/3/16

Kunihito IOKA

30

What is the Origin?
Isorated binary?

Stellar cluster?
Postnov & Yungelson 14
Belczynski+ 16
van den Heuvel+ 17
Mandel & de Mink 16
Kinugawa+ 16

Antonini & Rasio 16
Bartos+ 16
Stone+ 16

Near galactic nuclei?
Primordial black hole?

Sasaki+ 16
Bird+ 16Binnilov+ 16
Carr+ 16
Kawasaki+ 16

Hut & Bahcall+ 83
Rodriguez+ 16
O’Leary+ 16

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BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

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Gamma-Ray Bursts?
~ BH formation?
Collapsar model
Marchant+ 16

GW rate ~ GRB rate

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

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BH Forming Transients?
Kasliwal 11

Type IaType II, Ib,cSupernova
Hypernova
Superluminous
supernova
Othertransients?
Short Dt2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

AT18cow: BH formation?

Margutti+ 19

vej~0.1c
Mej<M33

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

iPTF14hls: >100M☉ SN?

Arcavi+ 1734

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Galactic BHs~70 Gpc-3 yr-1

0.01 galaxy Mpc-3

1010 yr~ 70000 Merged BHs/galaxy

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.1436

Galactic BHs~70 Gpc-3 yr-1

0.01 galaxy Mpc-3

1010 yr~ 70000 Merged BHs/galaxy

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37

Spin Energy⎛
2 ⎞1+ 1− a* ⎟ 2⎜
Espin = 1−Mc⎜⎟2⎝⎠⎛ M ⎞≅ 7% × Mc ~ 1×10 erg ⎜⎟⎝ 10M 8 ⎠254

454

Etot ~ N BH Espin ~ 7 ×10 BHs ×1×10 erg
58~ 9 ×10 erg

Comparable to10
supernovae
10 yr~
supernovae ever happened!
100yr

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

38

Blandford-Znajek Effect
B~107cm
Blandford & Znajek 77
Komissarov & Barkov 07
Tchekhovskoy+ 11
Armitage & Natarajan 99
Barkov, Khangulyan & Popov 12

Hot disk~1011cm
Bondi radius~1015cm

2019.3.14

BH and Mul1messenger with CTA by K. Ioka

39

Particle Acceleration
Neutron starl Hillas condition

GRB

l LB~4pR2(B2/8p)c00∝(BR)2 Blandford
Waxman 04
l Emax>PeV

Gamma-Ray Burst

LHC

E<ZqBRVe
12

10PeVatron!!!

otpronActive Galactic Nuclei

GalaxyCluster

Barkov+ 12KI+ 16

DarkMatter?

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

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40

Total Powerεmax [eV] ∝ Z.
.
Total Power LjM dN/dM [erg s-1]

1010391210131010101510161017vGW=0.
ECR10383714σv=40km/s(isolated binaries)

εCR ESN
100yr

1036

Molecucloud larI

Cold H

WarmHot H1033~ 3×10HIWarm

34
II

10HII1035

BHs ⇔Cosmic rays
beyond PeV?

40erg s−1

If leptonic
10 excess?
10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 ⇔ e.
32

27

KI+ 1628

2930313233

34353637

Jet Luminosity Lj ~ Mc2 [erg s-1]

383940BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.14

41

High Energy Sources?
TeV-PeV g-ray& cosmic-ray
sources inour Galaxy©Donath 16

Most are unidentified
Some are dark accelerators⇔ Accreting BHs?
KI, Matsumoto, Teraki, Kashiyama & Murase 16

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.14

Galactic Plane Survey

CTA 1709.07997

Simulation42

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Ioka

2019.3.14

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Galactic BHs
SS433

Abeysekara+ 18~25 TeVby HAWC

Cygnus X-1

Gallo+ 05

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.1444

Cosmic-Ray Diffusion
TeV halos
Abeysekara+ 17

HAWC
CTA expects
CTA 1709.07997

2019.3.14

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Ioka

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2019.3.14~109 M

~105 M~10 M

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

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Supermassive
Black HoleBH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.14

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CTA as AGN Factory~10x blazars

ActiveGalacitc
NucleiOn-axis jet→ Blazar
CTA 1709.07997

Peak flux

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Fast Variability
Radio galaxy IC 310
MAGIC 14

E

Dt ~ 4.8 min ~ 20% rg (Sub-horizon)/c?

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BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

49

Probing BH Horizon

CTA 1709.07997

CTA prospects

Rieger 19

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

EBLeeV × TeV ~ ( me c 2 )+e-2lγγ ~ 1 σ T n IR ~ 10n −1
IR Mpc€Desai+ 19

Extragalactic
Background
Light50

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BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

Probing EBL Evolution

CTA 1709.07997

51

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
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Galactic Center
Aharonian+ 04

Point-like
Galactic ridgeg-ray source (Fresh CR?)
(Sag A*?, SNR?)

Fermi bubble

Aharonian+ 06~2
GeV g-rayexcess(Sag A*? *burst?)(Pulsars or DM?)
Finkbeiner+ 1077~1 kpc2

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

53

Galactic Center by CTA
Log-scale

Details of diffuse

Point-like Sgr A*+ SNR G0.9+0.1+ diffuse emission+ circum-nuclear ring

+ pulsar-wind-nebulae- (Sgr A* and G0.9+0.1)
CTA 1709.07997

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Ioka

54

Super-Resolution in TeV< 10 arcsecby CTA!!!

CTA 1709.07997

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

2019.3.14

TeV Counterpart
to Mysterious GeV Excess

55

Extended77

Power law E-2(Emax=50TeV)Electron BG(Isotropic)

3 propagation
modelsl<0.8, b<0.3

Yuan & KI 15
Petrović+ 15

Pulsar modelg + e+eInverse
Compton2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

Tidal Disruption Jet
Supermassive BH
disrupts a star ⇒ Jet~t-5/3

Burrows+ 11
Rees 8856

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Ioka

57

5Probing M<10 M☉ BH

M<105MBHs exist?
Short Dt
Bright TDE
Ultralong GRB

Law-Smith+ 17

2019.3.14~109 M

~105 M~10 M

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

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Supermassive
Black Hole2019.3.14~109 M

~105 M~10 M

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

59

Supermassive
Black HoleUnknown
unknowns???????

YITP Long-term
Workshop
Search by “multi-messenger Kyoto”

YKIS 20197-11 Oct.
5 dayssymposiumThankYou2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

62

Like Supernova Remnant
Radio

X-ray

g-ray

Nakar & Piran 11NS merger remnant ~ Supernova remnant⇒ High energy remnant for NS merger?

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K. Ioka

Merger Remnant Spectrum@100 Mpc

Takami, Kyutoku & KI 1363

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Magnetar?
EjectedMNS-NS<< MSN⇒ t<1earlier

Murase+ 18

Diversityof MNS

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
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Log N – Log F
104
10

σv=40km/s(isolated binaries)

3102
101

Flux dis. is similar
BH nebula size:

Lj
2~ ρV
2 24π rh θ c-1FN∝

100BHs ⇔TeV unIDs?

εγ=1εγ=0.01
TeV unID

Flike R2 ∝skDi >F)∝
N(Cumulative Number N(>F)

105

-1

10-110-1810-1710-1610-1510-1410-1310-1210-1110-10 10-9 10-8 10-7
Observed Flux F [erg s-1 cm-2]

KI+ 16⇒ rh ~ 3 pc

CTA may see ~103 BHs

2019.3.14

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
Ioka

66

HE g-ray from Afterglow

E=100 GeV
d=40Mpc

Murase+ 18

Afterglow
HE electron+ extended
X-ray emission⇒ ExternalCompton

BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
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TeV Gamma-Ray Sky

HESS 1307.4690

unID

unIDs dominate
TeV g-ray sky
Spatially extended⎛ θ ⎞⎛ d ⎞R ~ θ d ~ 3pc ⎜ ! ⎟⎜⎟⎝ 0.2 ⎠⎝ kpc ⎠BH and Multimessenger with CTA by K.
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Luminosity Function
εmax [eV] ∝ Z
1013

1014

σv=40km/s (isolated binaries)

1015

1016

1017

vGW=0

Cold H100

Molecular clo
udII101

Warm H

2II10

Warm H103

II104

Hot H.
.
Luminosity Function M dN/dM

1051012

10-110271028102910301031103210331034103510361037103810391040.
Jet Luminosity Lj ~ Mc2 [erg s-1]

KI+ 16The mostluminous
BH jet is~1036 erg/sin cold HI
vGW reduces
Lj by ~10