16

March 2018

For Further progress of the Institute

I N S T I T U T E F O R A D VA N C E D R E S E A R C H

On December 1 st , 2017, we were able to celebrate the 15 th Anniversary of the founding of
the Institute for Advanced Research (IAR), Nagoya University, by inviting distinguished guests suchas Professor Ryoji Noyori (2001 Nobel Prize Winner in Chemistry), Professor Morten Kyndrup (theDirector of UBIAS, University-Based Institutes for Advanced Study, Denmark), Professor Mike
Hannon (the Director of the Institute of Advanced Studies, University of Birmingham, UK) as well

LETTERas Mr. Masami Watanabe (Director of the Promotion Policy Division, Ministry of Education,
Culture, Sports, Science and Technology) and the President of Nagoya University, Professor Seiichi
Matsuo. Almost 200 people gathered from various fields for this Nagoya University IAR’ s memorial

CON TEN TS

event, which was held at the Sakata-Hirata Hall on the University campus. Our Institute is one of theoldest IAR/IAS’s here in Japan and has been quite active both domestically and internationally.
Internationally, Nagoya University IAR is one of the 6 members of the Steering Committee of
UBIAS (out of 37 total members) and has some leading international exchange activities in research

03

Special Interview

The Academic Journey: from France to Japan
Shoichi Satoand education. In this context, just prior to the 15th Anniversary, we organized and hosted an
International IAR/IAS Workshop entitled “Today’ s IAR/IAS Challenges – Future Perspective (I)” ,where 20 IAS Directors and deputy-Directors participated from Europe, South-East Asia and SouthAmerica in order to discuss their own Institutional Young Fellowship Programs. This is the first07

IAR/IAS international workshop, in which European IAS’ s and Asian IAS’ s shared a common
discussion table on how we could support and nurture talented and aspiring young researchers fromthe standpoint of ”interdisciplinarity”.

Research Highlights
Genetic copy number variation (CNV) analysis of schizophrenia
Itaru Kushima
Categorical representation theory and its application to knot theory
Yasuyoshi Yonezawa

Domestically, during the past 8 years, Nagoya University IAR has been coordinating animportant University program, the so-called Young Leaders Cultivation (YLC) Program, which has

Exploring imprints of string theory from cosmological observations
Yuko Urakawa

played a crucial role in cultivating and supporting talented young researchers in various fields. The
program has so far contributed greatly to converting the outcomes of excellent studies done by IAR
young researchers in individual Departments into common property of all members of the
University. This year, we have newly appointed eight brilliant young researchers in various fields as“YLC Designated Assistant Professors”
I really hope that readers may find this issue’ s Special Interview and Research Highlights interesting

13

IAR PEOPLE

23

IAR INFORMATION

and thought-provoking as well.
February 2018

Nori SHINOHARA
Director of Institute for Advanced Research

Director

Hisanori SHINOHARA

Cover Picture :‘In to the deep’ by Sachiko Kuroyanagi(YLC Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR)

studied Western history.
Undergraduate law studies didn’t disappear completely from myhead, though. The disciplines of history and law have always beenclosely related. The shift from antiquity to the Middle Ages (Romantimes to Frankish) also involved a legal shift from Roman law toGermanic tribal law. As a reader of history, I was highly interested in
the state of law at such transitional times.

̶̶ In 1969, while a postgraduate student at Waseda
University, you went to study at the University of Caenin France.

SpecialInterview

Shoichi
SATO
Dr. Shoichi Sato is a historian studying early medieval Europe renowned for his study of the Frankish history. He was born 1945 in
Yamagata, Japan. He graduated from the Faculty of Law at Chuo University in 1976. He completed his Ph.D program without a
Ph.D. degree from the Graduate School of Letters, Arts and Sciences at Waseda University in 1976 but received a Ph.D degree in
Literature from the same university in 1995. He worked at the Faculty of Law and Economics at Aichi University as an assistantprofessor (1979-1987), at the School of Letters at Nagoya University as an associate- (1987-1991) and later as a full professor(1991-2009). He was the director of Nagoya-IAR from 2003 to 2004. Now he is a Professor Emeritus at Nagoya University and amember of the IAR Academy. During his career he was a visiting professor at many prominent French research institutions like theCentre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) (1995), the Collége de France (2001), the École Pratique des Hautes Études, theÉcole des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS) Paris (2001) and the Université Paris I (2004). He has won numerous awards
such as the Collège de France Lecture Medal (2001) and the Japan Academy Prize (2002).

The Academic Journey: from France to Japan̶̶ Your area of specialty is European medieval
history, especially Francia. What led to this choice?
SATO: I studied law as an undergraduate student. When I applied
for university I didn’t have any clear plan.
Throughout my middle and high school years baseball was myall-consuming passion. In high school I did little else but baseball. I
was a member of the Sakata Higashi High School baseball team (inYamagata Prefecture), where I was a pitcher and cleanup hitter.
When I was in my third year our team narrowly missed playing at theS u m m e r K o s h i e n , t h e Na t i o n a l H i g h S c h o o l B a s e b a l lChampionship, after reaching the prefectural semifinals. After that,in around late August, I started thinking about which university I
should apply for, when I heard that a law degree was pretty“marketable,” and so, without much thought, I chose the department

03 | IAR LETTER | March 2018of law, thinking I could always decide about my future later on. I only
had three or four months to prepare for my entrance exams, so I
chose a private university, because there were fewer subjects on theexam than at public ones. I applied for the department of law at
Chuo University, which at the time boasted the highest success rate
for the bar exam, and somehow managed to be admitted to theuniversity on my first attempt.
However, after about a month or two, I realized that I had madethe wrong choice. To me the general education subjects were simply
the most fascinating. These were at the time taught by part-time
instructors from the University of Tokyo, who were first-class.
Perhaps as a reaction to doing hardly anything else but baseball until
then, I suddenly found myself greatly stimulated intellectually. I
decided to study humanities subjects properly at graduate school. I
enrolled in a postgraduate course at Waseda University, where I

SATO: It was a time when student movements were all the rage, withthe fall of the Yasuda Auditorium and other incidents, which madesituations at universities very chaotic. I was in the first year of mymaster’s course, but classes weren’t always held smoothly in thosecircumstances. So I considered studying abroad as an alternative. My
father, who ran a long-established kimono retailing business, didn’t
object when I asked him to pay for my studies abroad. I said I will giveup my share of inheritance instead.
I studied for about two years in France, which was a very goodthing for me. I learned in France what I needed to learn properly
before being affected by conventions of Japanese learned society.
Europe is, after all, the center of studies in European history. It was
highly beneficial that it was in Europe that I learned from a clear slate
what to make of history as a discipline, what training the discipline
involved, and how to conduct viable research. There were of course
drawbacks once it came to building a career in Japan, such as needing
to be equipped with a certain framework, or common understanding,shared by the members of Japanese learned society. Although notwithout dilemma, my academic beginnings were basically removed
from Japanese learned society.
Studying abroad had non-academic merits as well. Normandy,
where the University of Caen is, is very verdant, and remains one of
my favorite places. Students over there would completely switch off
on weekends. They cloistered themselves in the library from Monday
to Friday, went to the movies on Saturday as if to get away from it all,went to the disco straight after the movie, spent the whole nighthaving fun, and took the car out to the sea at dawn, where they might
have bonfires. Student life was hectic, but great fun.

̶̶ France was where you met your future wife.
SATO: Yes, I met her when she was a fellow study-abroad student on
a language course. We married and our first child was born after wereturned to Japan, and when I was doing my doctoral course back at
Waseda University Graduate School. My student life involved bothbabysitting and essay writing.
In 1979, when I was 32 or so, I was fortunate enough to get a job
at a relatively young age. I became an associate professor of Western
legal history at the faculty of law and economics at Aichi University(Toyohashi City). From 1984 I spent two years in Paris as an Aichi
University overseas researcher.
My wife and two daughters accompanied me to Paris, where mydaughters attended a local elementary school, although they didn’t
even know their ABCs when they started.

SATO: Whenever there were long holidays I took my family in anold, secondhand Audi to various parts of France, as well as Italy andSpain. We visited a lot of monasteries too, despite the grumblings of
my wife and daughters. Early monasteries, from the 6th and 7th
centuries, were often made of wood, which made surviving examples
extremely rare. Many monasteries also lay in ruins after being
abolished. Nothing remained of about half the monasteries we visited,which were just empty plots, to the great disappointment of mydaughters. There were always plaques, though, or information boards
for us to read, telling how the place was once the site of a certain
monastery, and so on.

̶̶ You compiled your research on early medieval
society into Shudoin to Nomin [Monasteries andPeasants] published by Nagoya University Press in 1997.
SATO: In or around the 9th century, many monasteries started
keeping written accounts of the administration of their manors andtenants, and surviving examples of these records serve as invaluable
historical sources today. The kind of manors described in thesematerials existed under a system known as bipartite manorialism. In
Japanese scholarly circles, bipartite monor system had largely beenviewed as a kind of slavery. However, I was not convinced by this view.
My attention was drawn to a series of accounting documents
thought to have been made at the Abbey of St. Martin of Tours during
the 7th century, or late Merovingian dynasty. The material isfragmented and very difficult to read, which was why it had largely
escaped scholarly attention until then. I researched the material’s
provenance, and went on to decipher and analyze it largely with theadvices from Pierre Gasnault and Jean Vezin who had published atranscription of the texts in 1975, for the first time. I consequently
found that the material was a series of notes made by the local
monastery when collecting tributes from its tenants. Some describe
cases where tenants refused to settle outstanding amounts of tribute.
Refusing payment is not an attitude commonly associated with slaves.
This suggests that bipartite monor system was not a slavery-likesystem, and that tenants, though dependent on monasteries to an
extent, maintained their personal freedom. This reaffirmed my belief
that the idea of early medieval European society as rooted in slavery
needed reviewing. I compiled this research into Shudoin to Nomin.

̶̶ In 2014 you published Kinyoku no Yoroppa[Asceticism in Europe], and in 2016 Shokuzai no Yoroppa[Atonement in Europe], both by Chuko Shinsho.

̶̶ During your time as an overseas researcher you
visited many monasteries.

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 04

Special Interview | Shoichi SATO

SATO: These were intended for a general readership, rather than as
academic treatises. In Japan, studies of monasteries tend to be written
or translated by Christian scholars. I am a Buddhist, not at all
Christian. That could be a sort of hurdle, but I believe there are also
viewpoints uniquely available to a person to whom the subject ofinvestigation is not an object of worship.
I wanted to base myhistorical overview of monastic systems on asceticism because thenotion of asceticism is ever-present at the root of European monastic
systems.
In December 2017 I published a sequel to the earlier books, Ken
to Seihin no Yoroppa [The Sword and Honorable Poverty in Europe].
The book discusses military orders and mendicant orders fromaround the 12th to 15th centuries. Together the three books
summarize my account of monastic orders from ancient to medieval
times.
Also in the pipeline, though I haven’t written it yet, is a work
dealing with the Society of Jesus. The Jesuits were different frommonastic orders that were born in the Middle Ages. And importantly,
the Jesuits affected Japan. The history of Christianity’s spread during
Japan’s Sengoku and early Edo periods (from the end of the 16th to17th centuries) is studied today by young scholars in Europe, leading
to fresh findings. They analyze historical sources archived in Portugal
and other locations associated with the Jesuits, which had hardly been
seen in Japan before, and I am greatly looking forward to discovering
what they reveal.
And to finish off my series, I intend to write a fifth book dealing
with the 17th century and beyond. In the 17th century, aftermonasticism in its original sense had lost the clout it enjoyed in the
Middle Ages, monastic orders survived as academic institutions. The
foundation of history as a discipline was built by members of suchmonastic orders. I want to complete my series with this topic, which I
find interesting also from the point of history’s evolution as adiscipline. I want the five books to provide a sort of spiritual history ofmonasteries from their beginnings to the present day.

study of which involves the use of prehistoric archaeological, rather
than historical, materials.
The ancestors of the Franks could be found in the north, in the
North Sea and Baltic Sea areas, making their living primarily fromselling amber to the Romans. Before gemstones like diamonds andopals, amber was a jewel in its own right. Excavations of ancient
Egyptian and ancient Syrian tombs often yield amber, which whenanalyzed, invariably show that they were brought from the Baltic Sea
area. This supports the idea of a “world-system” in history, which isincreasingly believed to have existed from about 3,000 years ago.
Recent advancements made by archaeology are truly impressive.
For example, excavations have managed to track down to a certain
degree of accuracy that trade existed between the Baltic Sea and BlackSea areas as early as 2000 BCE. I think going back that far in time,
informed by archaeological findings, is absolutely necessary in orderto reveal the origins of the Frank people. I would like to give the title“In Search of the Land of Origins” to the first part of my work.

̶̶ You also conduct active research into the historyof the Franks.

SATO: Just imagine how tragic it would be for a person to have nomemory. Translate this situation to a group of people—a community.
Whether a single country or the entire world, humans desire to knowwhat actually happened, in other words, “history.” Living is otherwise
not possible. And I think the discipline of histor y is about
investigating what really happened, or what is most likely to have
happened.
The era of the Franks has absolutely nothing to do with theJapanese; it is totally unrelated. However, by researching the subject, a
picture emerges of how people lived in a certain region at a certain
time. The people mentioned in the above accounting records kept at
the Abbey of St. Martin of Tours were clearly peasants, who left noother trace in history. But when I, as a historian, read their names,
understand the kinds of taxes they owed annually, and the kinds ofactivities they engaged in, someone who lived in the far past becomesa part of myself; it becomes possible for me to identify with that
person, though we live in different eras. I think approaching history
with this sense of identification with others enables us to better
understand humanity.

SATO: The history of the era of the Franks is where my scholarlyroots are. The history of the Franks is slightly tricky. The noun
“Frank” is originally an adjective meaning “bold” or “courageous.” It is
not associated with a place name like “Goths from Gothland” or“Nagoyaites from Nagoya.” Franks are, in a sense, secondary groups
resulting from the integration of various small and medium-size tribes.
Identifying their ancestry is not easy given the lack of records. Theirroots date back to the pre-era, late Bronze Age or early Iron Age, the̶̶ Going as far back as pre-Greek prehistoric times
is a novel approach for the study of Frankish history,
isn’t it?
SATO: Absolutely. I don’t think anyone has done it yet, which is why
it is innovative, and at the same time, susceptible to attracting
suspicion. Ancient Greek folklore and knowledge include many
aspects that suggest links with peoples of the north. I want to take myinvestigations that far.
Cutting-edge research trends in the West makes me want todestroy conventional frameworks in one way or another. I want to bebold in my approach.

̶̶ How would you justif y the fascination, or
meaningfulness, of learning about history, includingthat of the Franks?

̶̶ The recent tendency in Japan is to scale down
undergraduate bunkei (social sciences and humanities)

05 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

programs at universities, including history programs.
There are arguments for making bunkei subjects
available only at top universities, and turning the rest
into vocational institutions ser ving the needs ofindustry, because unlike rikei (science) subjects, bunkei
subjects of study do not directly contribute to thecountry’s economic development. What is your viewon this?
SATO: This is clearly a wrong idea. Although the term “bunkei”
encompasses diverse disciplines, at the core of all bunkei subjects is thedesire to understand humanity.
In today’s society, people who have completed undergraduate
bunkei courses of study could be working, for instance as company
employees, or perhaps they are raising children at home. The
experiences of studying disciplines for understanding human beings
must surely have significant effects on the ordinary, day-to-day lives ofthese people. The idea of doing away with such experiences is to deny
the development of a more mature society.
I cannot understand why we need to gauge, at this point, the[economic] efficiency of the output of bunkei disciplines, which is tounderstand humans. I feel that it is a shortsighted idea held by ahandful of industry players.

̶̶ You have spent many years in France. How doyou feel about the education system in France?
SATO: My two daughters attended local schools in France, so
education was a very pertinent issue. From my experience as a parent,
French education spares no effort in cultivating the ability to think.
High school students take the baccalauréat exams before
graduation, which are pretty grueling. For a philosophy exam, forexample, because philosophy is among the subjects taught in highschool, students sit exams lasting up to three or four hours writing aten-A4-page essay on a fairly subjective topic, for instance pertaining
to Kant. And although the exam is taken by hundreds of thousands ofstudents, markers rank each and every essay as 1st, 2nd and so on. I
don’t think such subjective exams would be feasible unless the markers
were fairly confident in their own ability to build intellectualarguments, judge and analyze, yet the French baccalauréat exam
somehow manages to do it. I think French education cultivates thatkind of intellectual tenacity. The same can be said about individual
scholars, whom I feel are outstanding in their tenacity of thought.

̶̶ In 2016 you gave a lecture in the presence of theJapanese Emperor and Empress.
SATO: Yes, a very memorable event. On January 12, 2016 I had thehonor of giving a lecture titled “The Cultural Significance of Western
Medieval Monasticism” in the presence of the Emperor, Empress andother members of the imperial family in the Matsu-no-ma grand hallat the Imperial Palace.
In the lecture I discussed the copying of texts by medievalmonks. Without this activity, ancient Greek and Roman texts would
not have survived to this day. Today, about 2,000 ancient text survive,
including fragments and later copies which have been written down
before the year 800. This is only a fraction considering that
aristocratic residences of ancient Rome invariably had libraries
housing huge collections of books. The small number survives becauseof the medieval monastic scribes. Without the copies they made,Aristotle and Socrates would be unknown to us. In view of this, we
could risk depriving future generations of records of the present age if
we converted everything published today into electronic media.
These were some of the topics covered by the lecture.
The experience was immensely rewarding for me personallybecause I greatly admired the range of activities conducted by theEmperor and Empress after World War II. After seeing a photographof me lecturing, a friend in Paris sent the compliment, “Like Alcuin
lecturing to Charlemagne,” which was very flattering.

̶̶ In Europe, Britain is now in negotiations to leave
the EU. What do you think lies in store for Europe?
SATO: France is arguably the country fearing any EU dissolution themost. The idea of the EU itself historically originates in France’s
longtime wish to have Germany under control, so as not to repeat thetragedy of the two world wars. French international policy over the
recent two hundred years has been based on how to avoid
confrontation with Germany, and maintain a good relationship. For
this reason, France wants to avoid any EU dissolution at all costs.
After Brexit, French President Emmanuel Macron will probably try to
carry on maintaining the EU as best as he can through coordinatedefforts with German Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Interview with Prof. Sato was done by Nagoya IAR faculties and C. Tsuboi (Chunichi
Shimbun Co., Ltd). This interview article was written by C. Tsuboi and translated toEnglish under the responsibility of Nagoya IAR.

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 06

Research Highlights _ 01

Itaru KUSHIMA

Genetic copy number variation (CNV)
analysis of schizophrenia

70–90%. Eleven large rare CNVs have been reported to be associated with therisk of schizophrenia with odds ratios (ORs) of 2 to over 50. Such CNVs
included deletions at 1q21.1, NRXN1, 3q29, 15q11.2, 15q13.3, and 22q11.2
and duplications at 1q21.1, 7q11.23, 15q11.2-q13.1, 16p13.1 and 16p11.2.
These CNVs were also implicated in the risk for other neurodevelopmental andpsychiatric disorders (variable expressivity of CNVs). Despite the progress, small
CNVs (<100 kb) have not been fully studied in schizophrenia. Furthermore, thepathogenesis of this disorder has not been elucidated. Thus, we performed ahigh-resolution genome-wide CNV analysis to address these issues.

CNV analysis

Figure shows clinically significant (or pathogenic) copy number variations (CNVs) identified in patients with schizophrenia. 158 CNVs were detected in 153 of 1699 patients (9.0%).
Five patients had two clinically significant CNVs. The CNVs were classified into four categories: 1) sex chromosome aneuploidies, 2) recurrent CNVs, 3) large nonrecurrent CNVs,
and 4) exonic CNV disrupting SCZ/NDD genes. Number and % frequency of each category are presented in parentheses. † indicates that de novo CNV was detected in one patient,and ‡ indicates that de novo CNV was detected in two patients. Abbreviations: Del: deletion; Dup: duplication; NDD: neurodevelopmental disorder; SCZ: schizophrenia

Phenotypic analysis

Itaru KUSHIMA
Designated Assistant Professor
Graduate School of Medicine / Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University
Email: kushima@med.nagoya-u.ac.jp

G

enetic copy number variation (CNV) contributes substantially to human evolution, normal phenotypic variation, and human disease. To date, thousands ofdifferent genomic duplications and deletions, each spanning hundreds to millions of base pairs, have been mapped genome-wide, and collectively account fora significant fraction of human genetic variation. The importance of several rare CNVs (<1% in population) in the risk of schizophrenia has been suggested inprevious studies. We performed a high-resolution genome-wide CNV analysis of 1699 schizophrenia patients and 824 healthy controls. Our study revealed highgenetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia and its clinical features and raises the possibility that genomic instability is involved in its pathogenesis, which may berelated to the increased burden of de novo CNVs and the variable expressivity of CNVs.

INTRODUCTION
Human genomes vary from one to another in many ways, and the totality ofthis genetic variation underlies the heritability of human traits and genetic
diseases. Recent genome studies have revealed that various types of genetic
variations are present in the human genome. Among them, copy number
variations (CNVs) are a particularly important component of genetic variations,affecting a greater fraction of the genome. CNVs are defined as copy number
changes including deletions and duplications of genomic regions that range from07 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

Using a microarray technolog y called array comparative genomic
hybridization, we performed a high-resolution genome-wide CNV analysis of1699 schizophrenia patients and 824 healthy controls (1). This was the largest
CNV study for a psychiatric disorder in Japan. Overall, we identified 7066
rare (<1%) CNVs and 70.0% of them were small (<100 kb). These small
CNVs were difficult to detect in previous studies. We examined the
genome-wide CNV burden in schizophrenia and confirmed the previous
findings that patients with schizophrenia had a greater genome-wide burdenof rare exonic CNV than healthy controls.
We then looked into clinically significant (or pathogenic) CNVs, whichwere previously associated with the risk of neurodevelopmental or psychiatricdisorders (e.g., intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder, attention
deficit hyperactivity disorder, bipolar disorder). Such CNVs were identified in
9.0% (153/1699) of patients (Figure) and 3.2% (26/824) of healthy controls.
The excess of these CNVs in patients was statistically significant (odds ratio =3.04, P = 9.3 × 10-9), supporting the pathogenicity of such CNVs inschizophrenia. This result also indicated that schizophrenia is a geneticallyheterogeneous disorder and that genetic risk factors are shared among
different neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. For individual
CNVs, we obtained evidence for a significant association of X-chromosome
aneuploidies (XXX/XXY) and 22q11.2 deletions with schizophrenia. The
22q11.2 deletions have been reported as the most important genetic risk
factor for schizophrenia in previous studies.

Although increased oxidative stress has been reported in these patients, itsrole in the pathogenesis remained unclear until now. Genomic integrity isessential for neuronal survival and normal neuronal function. This pathway
included 'DNA repair', 'DNA replication' and 'DNA recombination', errors
which are involved in the major mechanisms of CNV formation. Therefore,
CNVs in patients which affect the oxidative stress response or genomic
integrity may promote genomic instability that underlies high de novo
CNV rates and a greater burden of rare CNVs in schizophrenia. In
addition, genomic instability may influence the genome of somatic cells(neurons) and increase somatic mutations. Consistent with this, anincreased copy number of L1 retrotransposon in neurons has been recently
reported in schizophrenia. Somatic mutations (mosaicism) are also
implicated in variable expressivity of CNVs. Finally, a genetic model ofschizophrenia is provided in Figure.

one kilobase (kb) to megabases (Mbs) in size. Recently, several rare CNVs (<1%in population) have been found to be associated with a risk of schizophrenia.
Schizophrenia is a major psychiatric disorder that affects about 1% of the
population. This disorder is characterized by psychotic symptoms (delusions andhallucinations), negative symptoms (social withdrawal and blunted affect), andcognitive impairments. Although the precise pathogenesis of schizophrenia
remains largely unclear, epidemiological studies have shown that genetic factors
have an important role in the risk of this disorder, with heritability estimated at

To characterize clinical features of patients with clinically significant
CNVs, we examined their clinical information in detail. As a result, 41.7%
of patients with such CNVs had a history of congenital phenotypes (e.g.,congenital heart defects) or premorbid developmental problems (e.g.,
intellectual disability). In addition, the rate of treatment resistance toantipsychotics (primary medication for schizophrenia) was significantly
higher in patients with these CNVs than in those without them (36.1% vs
16.9%, odds ratio = 2.79, P = 0.0036). This indicated that CNV findings
may be useful in predicting the response to antipsychotics in patients withschizophrenia. We also found more severe clinical manifestations in patientswith two clinically significant CNVs.

Biological pathways
Identification of biological pathways is critical for understanding its
pathogenesis and development of novel treatment. For that purpose, we
performed bioinformatic analysis (i.e., gene set analysis) using our CNV
datasets. As a result, we identified multiple biological pathways implicatedin the pathogenesis of this disorder: oxidative stress response, genomic
integrity, gene expression regulation, cell adhesion, neurotrophin signaling,kinase, synapse, small GTPase signaling and endocytosis. The importance ofsynapse, cell adhesion, and small GTPase signaling in schizophrenia werestrongly supported by previous genetic studies. Novel biological pathways
included oxidative stress response and genomic integrity. Oxidative stress,
which is an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and the antioxidant
defense system, induces DNA damage such as double-strand breaks.

A genetic model of schizophrenia
In pathogenesis of this disorder, nine pathways (oxidative stress response,
genomic integrity, gene expression regulation, cell adhesion, neurotrophin
signaling, kinase, synapse, small GTPase signaling, and endocytosis) are
affected by CNVs. Disruption of genomic integrity and oxidative stressresponse induces genomic instability, which is involved in germline CNV
formation and somatic CNV formation in neurons. The former account for an
increased rate of de novo or rare CNVs and the latter for the variable
expressivity of CNVs.

Research Summary
We revealed the high genetic heterogeneity of schizophrenia andclinical features of patients with pathogenic CNVs, and raised thepossibility that genomic instability is involved in its pathogenesis, which
may be related to the increased burden of de novo CNVs and the variable
expressivity of CNVs.

References(1) High-resolution copy number variation analysis of schizophrenia in Japan. Kushima
I, Aleksic B, Nakatochi M, Shimamura T, Shiino T, Yoshimi A, Kimura H, Takasaki Y,
Wang C, Xing J, Ishizuka K, Oya-Ito T, Nakamura Y, Arioka Y, Maeda T, Yamamoto M,
Yoshida M, Noma H, Hamada S, Morikawa M, Uno Y, Okada T, Iidaka T, Iritani S,
Yamamoto T, Miyashita M, Kobori A, Arai M, Itokawa M, Cheng MC, Chuang YA,
Chen CH, Suzuki M, Takahashi T, Hashimoto R, Yamamori H, Yasuda Y, Watanabe Y,
Nunokawa A, Someya T, Ikeda M, Toyota T, Yoshikawa T, Numata S, Ohmori T,
Kunimoto S, Mori D, Iwata N, Ozaki N. Mol Psychiatry, 2017 Mar; 22(3):430-440.

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 08

Research Highlights _ 02

Yasuyoshi YONEZAWA

Categorical representation theory and its
application to knot theory

polynomial tells us that these knots are different. However, although Trefoil
1 and Trefoil 2 (and 3) are different knots, the evaluations of their
Alexander polynomials are equal. That is, the Alexander polynomial cannot
always determine whether they are different or not. In general, theAlexander polynomial cannot distinguish knots that have a mirror image
relationship like the relationship between Trefoil 1 and Trefoil 2.
On the other hand, Trefoil 1 and Trefoil 2 can be distinguished using
the Jones polynomial (Table 1). The Jones polynomial tell us whether theknots listed in Fig ure 1 are equal or different. However, the Jones
polynomial also does not classify all knots, because there are non-trivial
knots whose evaluation of the Jones polynomial is the same as the trivial
knot. Whether we can construct a knot invariant which classifies all knots isstill an open problem in knot theory.

From set theory to category theory

Figure 2: Trivial knots (geometrical pattern).

Knot invariant before 1999
First question: how many kinds of knot exist? We find that there is an
infinite number of knots. As you can see from the first line in Figure 3, bygluing the top and bottom of two strings together, we obtain a knot that has
two components that are not intertwined(left in Figure 3). If we twist thestrings once and glue the top and bottom together again, we obtain a
one-component knot that is topologically the same as the trivial knot in Figure
1 (middle in Figure 3). If we twist the strings twice and glue the top andbottom together, we get a two-component intertwined knot (right in Figure 3).

Roman city ruins (Conímbriga in Portugal).

Figure 3: Knots by string closure

Yasuyoshi YONEZAWA
Designated Assistant Professor of Young Leaders Cultivation Program
Graduate School of Mathematics / Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University
Email: yasuyoshi.yonezawa@math.nagoya-u.ac.jp

W

e are studying knots, which are formed by closed strings in three-dimensional space. Because of the simple structure of the knot, our knot studies relate tofields such as string theory in mathematical physics and research into knots in DNA. In fact, the knot invariant defined by the author and the knot
invariant calculated by string theory coincide, and new knot invariants using category theory are applied to the structure determination of DNA knots.

Knot theory
A knot is a closed string in three-dimensional space (Figure 1), andbeautiful knots with high symmetry have been used as geometrical patterns
from ancient times. When I was a postdoctoral researcher at Algarve
University in Portugal, I visited Conímbriga, the ruins of a Roman city, andfound lots of knots in the mosaic floors (Figure 2). In knot theory, we treat
these geometric objects mathematically and we study the classification andstructure of knots.
B efore ta l king ab out knots, let us c onsider a p o lyg on on a
two-dimensional plane as a simple example. First, how many kinds of polygon
exist? Their number is infinite. You all know them as triangles, squares,
pentagons, etc. Another question: can we determine what kind of polygon a
09 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

given polygon is? Yes, we can find that by examining the structure of thepolygon. We can find the answer by examining the number of edges, thenumber of corners or the sum of the interior angles. For instance, if the sum of
the interior angles of a given polygon is 900 degree, then the polygon is aheptagon. So what about knots?

Figure 1: From the left: Trivial knot, Trefoil 1, Trefoil 2, Trefoil 3, Figure-eight knot

We can obtain more complex intertwined knots by twisting the string three orfour times and gluing the top and bottom together. Using three strings andfour strings, more complex knots can be made. Not all knots are made in thisway; there are more complex knots. This does not prove that there is an
infinite number of knots, but we can understand the fact intuitively from theabove.
Second question: can we determine what kind of knot a given knot is?
Unfortunately, we cannot always know what kind of knot a given knot is. For
instance, Trefoil 2 and Trefoil 3 in Figure 1, which do not look the same atfirst glance, become the same knot if we use a continuous deformation
without separating the knot components (please confirm this for yourself ). In
addition, Trefoil 1 will not change into Trefoil 2 using a deformation.
However, if you work a little harder, Trefoil 1 might be made into Trefoil 2(do not try too hard, because these are different). That is, we need to indicatethat Trefoil 1 will not change into Trefoil 2. Knot invariants are effective inproving this.

Set theory deals with collections of mathematical objects. Category
theory deals not only with collections of objects but also with the relationship,called a morphism, between the objects in a collection. Sometimes we explore
deeper structures by dealing with objects and morphisms. Using category
theory it succeeded to obtain new knot invariants.

Knot invariants after 1999
In 1999, M. Khovanov refined the Jones polynomial using a category. The
refined polynomial is called the Khovanov polynomial. This is a knot invariant
which is a map from a set of knots to a set of two variable polynomials. By
specializing the parameter t in the Khovanov polynomial into -1, the Jones
polynomial is recovered.
From the evaluations of the Jones polynomial and the Khovanov
polynomial in Table 1, the Jones polynomial is recovered from the Khovanov
polynomial if the parameter t is specialized into -1. Moreover, the number ofterms in the Khovanov polynomial for the figure-eight knot is greater than thenumber of terms in the Jones polynomial. The Khovanov polynomial can thus
capture the deeper structure of knots. In addition, the evaluation of the
Khovanov polynomial for the trivial knot is different from for non-trivial
knots. That is, the Khovanov polynomial can detect the trivial knot.
Developing Khovanov’s research, we refined the generalization of theJones polynomial using category theory. From its construction, it can be seenthat our invariant is a generalization of the Khovanov polynomial. Moreover,
our knot invariant relates to a knot invariant derived from the topologicalstring theory method in mathematical physics.

Further research
Research into refining the knot polynomial using category theory so far
has been limited to refinement of the knot invariant called type A. One
problem for further research is how to construct a refinement of a knot
polynomial which is not type A. We are also studying a refinement ofrepresentation theory of a quantum group, which is a concept for describing
the symmetry of a physical phenomenon. We are hoping that our refinementof representation theory will induce a new knot invariant and the new knot
invariant will help to classify knots.

Alexander polynomial and Jones polynomial
In extracting the structure of a knot, we need to define a knot
invariant, which is a map from the set of knots to a well-known set, andclassify all knots using the knot invariant. There are knot invariants such as
the Alexander polynomial and the Jones polynomial, which are maps fromthe set of knots to the set of one variable polynomial. How to constructthese polynomials is omitted here, but the evaluations for the knots in
Figure 1 are summarized in Table 1.
From Table 1, the evaluations of the Alexander polynomial for thetrefoil and the figure-eight knot are different and so the Alexander

Table 1: Alexander polynomial, Jones polynomial and Khovanov polynomial

References(1) Yonezawa, Y., Quantum (sl(n), V(n)) link invariant and matrix factorizations,
Nagoya Math. Journal. 204, 69-123 (2011).
(2) Khovanov, M., A categorification of the Jones polynomial, Duke Mathematical
Journal 101 (2000) 359–426.

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 10

Research Highlights _ 03

Yuko URAKAWA

Exploring imprints of string theory fromcosmological observations

fact, to derive the laws of physics in our world, we need to compactify theadditional six space dimensions such that they curl up and we do not see
them. While we do not see the extra dimensions themselves, we can still findsome imprints of their presence. It has been known that string theory (definedin certain six-dimensional compactified space) successfully predicts theelementary particles that we know to exist. In addition, more degrees of
freedom appear, corresponding to the geometrical degrees of freedom for the
extra six dimensions, which are called moduli fields and axion fields.
Investigating the properties of the moduli fields and the axion fields is toprobe the extra-dimensions, which are predicted by string theory. As we willsee below, cosmology provides us with a unique opportunity to search for the
extra dimensions.

Beyond standard model
Cosmological observations require us to consider additional ingredients,
going beyond the standard model of the elementary particles. Thirty percentof the present universe is known to be filled with dark matter, which does notinteract or only interacts very weakly with the standard model particles, butwhich plays a major role in the structure formation of the universe. Meanwhile,the large-scale fluctuation of the cosmic microwave background strongly
suggests that the universe underwent the rapid acceleration just after the
beginning of the universe, known as the inflation. All the structures of theuniverse are supposed to have been generated during inflation through thequantum fluctuation of the scalar field which drives inflation, the inflaton. In
spite of the phenomenological success of inflation, the rapid expansion of
inflation requires an element that has a negative pressure unlike the standard
model particles.

String axiverse and cosmology

Yuko URAKAWA
Designated Assistant Professor of Young Leaders Cultivation Program
Graduate School of Science / Institute of Advanced Research, Nagoya University
E-mail: urakawa.yuko@h.mbox.nagoya-u.ac.jp

String theory is supposed to be the most promising candidate of “the theory of everything,” which unifies the four fundamental forces in nature. A striking
prediction of string theory is the presence of the extra spatial dimensions that curl up so that we are not able to see them in our daily lives. Nevertheless, the“invisible” extra-dimensions indicate the presence of more degrees of freedom in addition to the elementary particles in the standard model. Among these degrees of
freedom, axions can leave various imprints in the history of the universe, providing unique opportunities to explore the geometrical structure of the extra
dimensions through cosmological observations. I am studying the imprints of axions predicted in string theory from the latest observations of the cosmic
microwave background, the galaxy distribution, and in the near future, the gravitational wave background.

INTRODUCTION: String theory
General relativity, proposed by Albert Einstein, consistently predicts,
e.g., a planetary motion and large scale structure formations in cosmology,
which are predominantly governed by gravity. Recently, the prediction ofgeneral relativity was decisively verified by the detections of the gravitational
waves from binary black holes. However, general relativity is a classical theory
and it has to be modified when the quantum effects become important as in
the early stage of the universe or at the final stage of the gravitational collapse.
Since 1920’s, a number of attempts have been made to reconcile generalrelativity and quantum mechanics. Among those, string theory has provided

11 | IAR LETTER | March 2018the most promising answer, unifying the four fundamental forces in nature. In
string theory, the fundamental building blocks are not volumeless point
particles, but extensive strings. The properties of the elementary particles aredescribed by the vibrating states of strings.

String theory and extra dimensions
The theoretical consistency of string theory requires six spatial
dimensions in addition to our four dimensional world, which consists of one
time dimension and three spatial dimensions. Here, the question arises as towhere these extra dimensions are, since we are not aware of their presence. In

As has been argued above, string theory predicts a bunch of moduli fields
and axion fields in the theory which describes our four dimensional world. To
avoid conflict with the existing experiments and observations, moduli fields haveto be stabilized at certain values. Depending on the values, axions can be in a widemass range, which was dubbed as string axiverse (Arvanitaki et al., 2009). It is
known that a light axion deserves to be a noble candidate of dark matter. One
may expect a string axion also to be a candidate of the inflaton. Nevertheless, adifficulty for this to be possible has been known. In order to let an axion play therole of the inflaton, the axion has to take an excursion in a distance longer than
the Planck scale (unless we accept a severe fine tunning or a contriving setup).
However, it is known that a super-Planckian excursion leads to a string
compactification out of control. In Ref. (1), we addressed this issue, focusing on
modular invariance, which is a striking symmetry in string theory. We found thatwhen the modular invariance is preserved, the super-Planckian excursion is hardly
realized. This result is compatible with other studies which pointed out thedifficulty of the super-Planckian excursion, and it has provided anotherperspective on this issue.

which can be detected by pulsar timing arrays and gravitational wave
interferometers. Meanwhile, the oscillating axion behaves as cold dark matter at
least at cosmologically large scales. When the mass scale of the axion is muchhigher than 10-27eV, the axion already behaves as cold dark matter, when it starts
to dominate the universe. Then, it may seem to be difficult to distinguish theaxion dark matter from other candidates of cold dark matter. The resonanceinstability distinctively enhances the power spectrum at a specific scale and thismay provide us with an opportunity to probe string axions from dark matter
observations.

Being fancy; cosmological colliders
When the typical scale of string theory is high enough, it is very difficult tofind a unique signal of string theory via phenomenological studies. However,when the typical scale of string theory is low enough and is comparable to theenergy scale of inflation, we will find copious stringy corrections in the theory
which governs the physics during inflation. In particular, string theory may
suggest the presence of these higher spin particles. When such unknown higher
spin particles are coupled with the inflaton, we may find a distinctive imprint ofhigher spin particles by observing the fluctuation of the inflaton. The figure
below shows a schematical image of this study. The primordial fluctuation
generated during inflation got stretched by the rapid expansion of the universe
such that became much larger scale fluctuation than the size of the universe.
Making use of the geometrical symmetry of the inflationary spacetime,
Arkani-Hamed and Maldacena computed the non-Gaussian spectrum of theprimordial fluctuation generated by the higher spin particles. The spectrum wasevaluated at the time when the wavelength of the fluctuation became comparable
to the size of the universe. Along this line, in Ref. (3), we computed the later time
evolution to connect the prediction from high energy physics with detectable
quantities in the cosmological observations. In more recent studies, we are
addressing whether such imprints of higher spin particles can be detected throughthe observation of galaxy alignments.

Figure : Image of Cosmological collider. The energy scale of inflation is expected
to be much higher than the accessible energy scales by accelerators. Exploring
the physics during inflation through cosmological observations provides us witha unique opportunity to probe unkown particles predicted in string theory.

Exploring a new window of string axiverse
When the Hubble parameter, which gives the typical energy scale of theuniverse, becomes comparable to a mass of an axion predicted in string theory, theaxion starts to oscillate coherently. In Ref. (2), we pointed out that the coherent
oscillation of the axion can develop a highly inhomogeneous spatial configuration
through the parametric instability, even if the spatial configuration of the axion at
the onset of the oscillation is almost homogeneous. (To be precise, this instability
becomes efficient, when a certain approximation is violated.) The axion in thetime dependent and highly inhomogeneous configuration can emit gravitational
waves. This opens up a new window to probe string axiverse. The frequency of
the gravitational waves differs depending on the mass scale of the axion. We
showed that the axions in interesting mass ranges can emit gravitational waves

Acknowledgements
I am grateful to Tatsuo Kobayashi, Jiro Soda, and Takahiro Tanaka for the collaborations
on which this article is based, especially to Tatsuo Kobayashi, who guided me to work on
this challenging but interesting subject. I also would like to thank Teerthal Patel andXavier Ortiz for a careful reading of the draft.

References(1) Kobayashi T., Nitta D., & Urakawa Y., Modular invariant inflation. Journal of
Cosmology and Astriphysics. 8, 014 (2016).
(2) Soda J. & Urakawa Y. Cosmological imprints of string axions in plateau
arXiv :1710.00305. Submitted to Physics Review Letters(3) Tanaka T. & Urakawa Y., Large gauge transformations, soft theorem, and infrared
divergence in inflationary spacetime Journal of High Energy Physics. 10, 127 (2017).

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 12

IAR Core FacultyCommittee

Affiliation : Associate Professor at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Family Law, ADR

The IAR Core Faculty Committee is composed of the Institute Director, Deputy
Directors, Full-Time Faculty Members, and member of the clerical staff, who
promote the Institute’s activities, and make proposals to the IAR Committee.
Nargiza
F. AMIROVA
Full-Time Faculty

Affiliation : Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

Hisanori
SHINOHARA
Director

MAJOR WORKS“Another Big Disvovery - Metallofullerenes”, H. Shinohara, Phil.Trans. A, vol.374, pp. 50325 (2016)“Core-Level Spectroscopy to Probe the Oxidation State of Single Europium Atoms”, L.H.G.Tizei et al.,Phys.Rev.Lett., vol.114, pp. 197602-1-5 (2016)“Bottom-up Formation of Endohedral Mono-Metallofullerenes is Directed by Charge Transfer ”, P.D.Dunk etal., Nature Commun., vol.5, art. 5844 (2015)

Affiliation : Associate Professor at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Plant Physiology, Zinc Biology
MAJOR WORKSMiki
KAWACHI
Full-Time Faculty

Affiliation : Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences
Research Interests : Molecular Plant Physiology, Phytohormone

Deputy Director

MAJOR WORKS“Systemic transport of trans-zeatin and its precursor have differing roles in shoots of Arabidopsis”, Osugi A,
Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Ueda N, Kiba T, Sakakibara H, Nature Plants, vol. 3, pp. 17112 (2017)“Side-chain modification of cytokinins control shoot growth in Arabidopsis”, Kiba T, Takei K, Kojima M and
Sakakibara H, Developmental Cell, vol. 27, pp. 452-461 (2013)“Functional analyses of LONELY GUY cytokinin-activating enzymes reveal the importance of the direct
activation pathway in Arabidopsis”, Kuroha T, Tokunaga H, Kojima M, Ueda N et al., The Plant Cell, vol. 21,
pp. 3152-3169 (2009)

Affiliation : Designated Lecturer at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Observational Cosmology, Astronomy

Atsushi
J. NISHIZAWA
Full-Time Faculty

Affiliation : Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Engineering
Research Interests : Superconductor Device, Integrated Circuit, Detector System

Akira
FUJIMAKI
Deputy Director“Deletion of a histidine-rich loop of AtMTP1, a vacuolar Zn2+ /H+ antiporter of Arabidopsis thaliana, stimulates
the transport activity”, Kawachi, M., Kobae, Y., Miura, T., Maeshima M., Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.
283, pp. 8374-8383 (2008)“A Mutant Strain Arabidopsis thaliana that Lacks Vacuolar Membrane Zinc Transporter MTP1 Revealed theLatent Tolerance to Excessive Zinc”, Kawachi, M., Kobae, Y.,Mori, H., Tomioka, et al., Plant and Cell
Physiology, vol. 50, pp. 1156-1170 (2009)“Amino acid screening based on structural modeling identifies critical residues for the function, ion selectivity
and structure of Arabidopsis MTP1”, Kawachi, M., Kobae, Y., Kogawa, S. et al., FEBS Journal, vol. 279, pp.
2339-2356(2012)

MAJOR WORKS“The integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect and the Rees-Sciama effect”, Atsushi J. Nishizawa, PTEP, vol. 6, PTEP
6B101 (2014)“Reconstruction of Missing Data using Iterative Harmonic Expansion”, Atsushi J. Nishizawa and Kaiki Taro
Inoue, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., vol. 462, pp. 588-600(2016)“Baryon acoustic oscillations with the cross-correlation of spectroscopic and photometric samples”, Atsushi J.
Nishizawa, M. Oguri, M. Takada, Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc., vol. 433, pp. 730(2013)

MAJOR WORKS"Cryogenic ferromagnetic patterns with controlled magnetization for superconducting phase-shift elements," S.
Taniguchi, H. Ito, K. Ishikawa, H. Akaike, and A. Fujimaki, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 54 , art.
043101 (2015)”Rapid single-flux-quantum circuits fabricated using 20-kA/cm2 Nb/AlOx/Nb process,” M. Tanaka, M.
Kozaka, Y. Kita, A. Fujimaki, S. Nagasawa, and M. Hidaka, IEEE Trans. on Appl.Supercond., vol. 25, art.
1100304 (2015)

Affiliation : Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR/ Professor of the Graduate School of Humanities
Research Interests : Ancient Greek History

Yoshiyuki
SUTO
Deputy Director

13 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

MAJOR WORKS“Bilingual Graffiti from the Ptolemaic Quarry at Akoris and Zawiat al-Sultan”, Y. Suto and R. Takahashi, P.
Schubert (ed.) Actes du 26e congrés international de papyrologie, Genéve, 16-21 aoét 2010, Genéve, vol. 1, pp.
729-738 (2012)“Framing the Heroic Imagery of Tyrannicides: Visual Representation, Oral Tradition，and the Invention ofHistory in Classical Athens”, Yoshiyuki Suto, Historie-Fiction-Représentation: 21st Century COE Program
International Conference Series, vol. 8, pp. 49-58(2006)“AKORIS I: Amphora Stamps 1997-2001”, H. Kawanishi and Y. Suto, Nakanishi Printing (2005)

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 14

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Core Faculty Committee

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Core Faculty Committee

Hitoshi
SAKAKIBARA

MAJOR WORKS“Mediation in Family Dispute Resolution: opportunities for transforming divorce procedure in Uzbekistan”,
Nargiza Amirova, Nagoya University Graduate School of Law, PhD thesis, pp. 171. (2011)“Children,s support after marital resolution in Uzbekistan”, Nargiza Amirova, Kyungpook National University
Law Journal, vol. 39, pp. 1-30 (2012)"Present legality of same-sex marriages in Uzbekistan”, Nargiza Amirova, Fukuoka University Review of Law,
vol. 61, pp. 74-78 (2016)

IAR
Steering Committee

The IAR Steering Committee plan, discuss, and decide on the Institute’s
academic activities.

IAR
Visiting Professor & Designated Professor

Affiliation : Trustee，Vice President of Nagoya University, Professor of Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Experimental Pathology, Tumor Biology

Masahide
TAKAHASHI
Steering Committee

MAJOR WORKS“Ativation of a novel human transforming gene，ret，by DNA rearrangement”, Masahide Takahashi,
Jerome Rita, Geoffrey Cooper, Cell, vol. 42, pp. 581-588 (1985)“Characterization of a multicompnent receptor for GDNF”, Treanor, JJ, Masahid Takahashi et al. Nature,
vol. 382, 80-83 (1996)“Akt/PKB regulates actin organization and cell motility via Girdin/APE”, Atsushi Enomoto, Masahide
Takahashi et al. Developmental Cell, vol. 9, pp. 389-402(2005)

Affiliation : Visiting Professor at Nagoya University / Professor at Chubu University
Research Interests : History of Social Thought

TakahoANDO
Visiting Professor

Steering Committee

MAJOR WORKS“The dilation property of modulation spaces and their inclusion relation with Besov spaces”, M. Sugimoto and N.
Tomita, J. Funct. Anal., vol. 248, pp. 79-106 (2007)“Applications of the Funk-Hecke theorem to smoothing and trace estimates”, N. Bez, H. Saito and M. Sugimoto,Adv. Math., vol. 285, pp. 1767-1795(2015)“Smoothing estimates for non-dispersive equations”, M. Ruzhansky and M. Sugimoto, Math. Ann., vol. 365, pp.
241-269(2016)

Affiliation : Visiting Associate Professor at Nagoya University / Associate Professor at Nanzan University
Research Interests : International Economics

DapengCAI
Visiting Associate
Professor

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Biochemistry, Glycobiology“North-South Negotiations on Emission Reductions: A Bargaining Approach” Dapeng Cai and Jie Li.,
Environmental and Resource Economics, Forthcoming (2017)“Protection versus Free Trade: Lobbying Competition between Domestic and Foreign Firms” Cai, D.
and Li, J., Southern Economic Journal, Vol. 81, pp. 489-505 (2014)“Limit of the Solutions for the Finite Horizon Problems as the Optimal Solution to the Infinite
Horizon Optimization Problems”, Cai, D. and Nitta, T., Journal of Difference Equations andApplications, Vol. 17, pp. 359-373 (2011)

Affiliation : Designated Professor at Nagoya IAR
Coordinator for Nagoya University Mirai Global Science Campus (Meidai Mirai GSC).

Takaki
HAYASHI

Testuya
OKAJIMA
Steering Committee

MAJOR WORKS

MAJOR WORKS

Designated Professor“O-linked-N-acetylglucosamine on extracellular protein domains mediates epithelial cell-matrix interactions.”,
Sakaidani Y et al., Nat Commun, vol. 2, pp. 583 (2011)“Contributions of chaperone and glycosyltransferase activities of O-fucosyltransferase 1 to Notch signaling”,
Okajima T et al., BMC Biol, vol. 6, pp. 1(2008)“Regulation of notch signaling by O-linked fucose.”, Okajima T, Irvine KD., Cell, vol. 111, pp. 893-904 (2002)

Affiliation : Centre for Asian Legal Exchange, Nagoya University Professor
Research Interests : Political Sociology, Politics

HirokoTAKEDA
Steering Committee

15 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

MAJOR WORKS“The Political Economy of Reproduction in Japan: Between Nation-State and Everyday Life”, TAKEDA Hiroko,
RoutledgeCurzon (2005)“Delicious food in a beautiful country: Nationhood and nationalism in discourses on food in contemporary
Japan”, TAKEDA Hiroko, Studies in Ethnicity and Nationalism, vol. 8, pp. 5-30 (2008)“Structural reform of the family and the neoliberalisation of everyday life in Japan”, Takeda Hiroko, New Political
Economy, vol. 13, pp. 153-172 (2008)

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 16

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Visiting Professor & Designated Professor

IAR PEOPLE | IAR Steering Committee

Affiliation : Professor of the Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Partial differential equations

Mitsuru
SUGIMOTO

MAJOR WORKS“ T h e R i s e a n d Tr a n s f o r m a t i o n o f F r e n c h E n l i g h t e n m e n t ” A N D O Ta k a h o ,NAGOYADAIGAKUSHUPPANKAI(1989)“Pubulic Sphere and the French Revolution” ANDO Takaho, NAGOYADAIGAKUSHUPPANKAI(2003)“The Rise of French Liberalism” ANDO Takaho, NAGOYADAIGAKUSHUPPANKAI(2007)

YLC
Program Faculty

YLC Faculty members are promising young researchers recruited under the
Nagoya University Young Leaders Cultivation Program (YLC Program).

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (ITbM)
Research Interests : Plant physiology, Plant ecophysiology

Yin
WANG
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Research on Origin of Mass

MAJOR WORKS“Stomatal Regulation on CO2 Uptake”, Yin Wang, Toshinori Kinoshita, 光合成研究, vol. 25(3), pp. 194-201 (2015)“Oryza sativa H+-ATPase (OSA) is involved in the regulation of dumbbell-shaped guard cells of rice”, Yosuke
Toda, Yin Wang, Yuya Kawai, et al., Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 57, pp. 1220-1230 (2016)“Improvement of Arabidopsis biomass and cold-, drought-, and salinity-stress tolerance by modified circadianclock-associated PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATORs”, Nakamichi, Takao, Kudo, Takato, Wang, et al.,Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 57, pp. 1085-1097 (2016)

ShinyaMATSUZAKIYoung Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Is 125 GeV techni-dilaton found at LHC?”, S.Matsuzaki and K.Yamawaki, Physics Letters, B 719, pp. 378-382 (2013)“Holographic techni-dilaton at 125 GeV”, Shinya Matsuzaki, Koichi Yamawaki, Physical Review, D 86, pp.
115004-115015 (2012)“Implications of Holographic QCD in ChPT with Hidden Local Symmetry”, Masayasu Harada, Shinya
Matsuzaki, Koichi Yamawaki, Physical Review , D 74, pp. 076004-076009(2006)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Psychiatric genetics

Itaru
KUSHIMA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Representation theory and topology

MAJOR WORKS“Single-neuron and genetic correlates of autistic behavior in macaque.”, Yoshida K, Go Y, Kushima I, et al., Sci
Adv., vol. 2, pp. e1600558 (2016)“High-resolution copy number variation analysis of schizophrenia in Japan”, Kushima I, Aleksic B, et al., Mol
Psychiatry (2016)“White matter microstructure between the pre-SMA and the cingulum bundle is related to response conflict inhealthy subjects.”, Yamamoto M, Kushima I, et al., Brain Behav., vol. 5, pp. e00375 (2015)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Quantum (sl_n, \wedge V_n) link invariant and matrix factorizations.”, Yasuyoshi Yonezawa, Nagoya Math. J,
vol. 204, pp. 69-123 (2011)“Link invariant and G_2 web space”, Sakamoto, Takuro;Yonezawa, Yasuyoshi, Hiroshima Math. J., vol. 47 (2017)“sl(n)-web categories”, Marco Mackaay and Yasuyoshi Yonezawa, arXiv:1306.6242 (2013)

Kunihiro
MORISHIMA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Institute of Material and Systems for
Sustainability
Research Interests : Fundamental particle physics. Astrophysics. Radiation detectors.

MAJOR WORKS“Development of a new automatic nuclear emulsion scanning system, S-UTS, with continuous 3D tomographic
image read-out”, Journal of Instrumentation, vol. 5, P04011 (2010)“First demonstration of cosmic ray muonradiography of reactor cores with nuclear emulsions based on an automated high-speed scanning technology”,
RADIATION DETECTORS AND THEIR USES Proceedings of the 26th Workshop on Radiation Detectors andTheir Uses in KEK, pp. 27-36 (2012)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Cosmology, High energy physics, Gravity

Yuko
URAKAWA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Loops in inflationary correlation functions”, Takahiro Tanaka, Yuko Urakawa, Classical and Quantum gravity.
J, vol. 30, art. 233001 (2013)“Consistency relations and conservation of ζ in holographic inflation”, Jaume Garriga, Yuko Urakawa, Journal of
Cosmology and Astrophysics, vol. 10, pp. 30 (2016)“Modular invariant inflation”, Tatsuo Kobayashi, Daisuke Nitta, Yuko Urakawa, Journal of Cosmology andAstrophysics, vol. 8, pp. 14 (2016)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Nonlinear dispersive equations, Long-time dynamics

Cyrus Tristan
ROY
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“On control of Sobolev norms for some semilinear wave equations with localized data”, T. Roy, J. Funct. Anal.,
vol. 265, pp.2724–2752 (2013)“Global existence of smooth solutions of a 3D log-log energy-supercritical wave equation”, T. Roy, Anal. PDE,
vol. 2, pp. 261–280 (2009)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Information Science
Research Interests : Databases

Chuan
XIAO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

17 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

MAJOR WORKS“An Efficient Algorithm for Similarity Join with Edit Distance Constraints”, Chuan Xiao, Wei Wang, and Xuemin
Lin, Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, vol. 1, pp. 933-944 (2008)“Efficient Similarity Joins for Near Duplicate Detection”, Chuan Xiao, Wei Wang, Xuemin Lin, et al., ACM
Transactions on Database Systems, vol. 36, pp. 15:1-15:41 (2011)“Efficient Error-tolerant Query Autocopletion”, Chuan Xiao, Jianbin Qin, Wei Wang, et al., Proceedings of the
VLDB Endowment, vol. 6, pp. 373-384 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Mathematical Physics

TakuyaMATSUMOTO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“A Quantum Affine Algebra for the Deformed Hubbard Chain”, Niklas Beisert, Wellington Galleas, Takuya
Matsumo, J. Phys.A, vol. 45, no. 36, 365206 (2012)“Representations of centrally extended Lie superalgebra psl(212)”, Takuya Matsumoto and Alexander Molev,
Journal of Mathematical Physics, no.55 pp. 91704 (2014)“Lunin-Maldacena backgrounds from the classical Yang-Baxter equation ? towards the gravity/CYBE
correspondence --- ”, Takuya Matsumoto and Kentaroh Yoshida, Journal of High Energy Physics, no. 6 pp. 135 (2014)

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 18

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

Yasuyoshi
YONEZAWAAffiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Molecular biology

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Humanities
Research Interests : Mesoamerican Archaeology

Akira
ICHIKAWA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Reconsideración de la Cronologia del valle de Zapotitán, Sureste Maya: Análisis tefrocronológicos ycerámicos”, Ichikawa, Akira y Hiroaki Yagi, America Antigua, no.19, pp. 1-33 (2016)“Prehispanic Salt Production on the Pacific Coast of Southeastern Mesoamerica: A Case Study of Nueva Esperanza,
El Salvador”, Ichikawa, Akira, Masayo Minami, and Hiroaki Yagi, Journal of Japanese Archaeology, no.40 (2015)“Atrás de las Grandes Ciudades de Mesoamérica: Una Perspectiva de la Periferia -El Caso de la zona arqueológica
de Chalchuapa, El Salvador-” , Ichikawa, Akira, Keisuisya, Japan (2017)

Chun
LI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS"Implications of the B-mode Polarization Measurement for Direct Detection of Inflationary Gravitational
Waves", S. Kuroyanagi, S. Tsujikawa, T. Chiba, N. Sugiyama, Physical Review D, vol. 90, pp. 063513 (2014)"Reheating signature in the gravitational wave spectrum from self-ordering scalar fields", S. Kuroyanagi, T.
Hiramatsu, J. Yokoyama, Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, vol. 02, pp. 023 (2016)"Anisotropies in the gravitational wave background as a probe of the cosmic string network", S. Kuroyanagi, K.
Takahashi, N. Yonemaru, H. Kumamoto, Physical Review D, vol. 95, pp. 043531 (2017)

Tomohiro
ABE
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“A detailed study of non-thermal X-ray properties and interstellar gas toward the γ-ray supernova remnant RX
J1713.7−3946” Sano, H., Tanaka, T., Torii, K. et al., The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 799, pp. 175-184 (2015)“Discovery of Molecular and Atomic Clouds Associated with the Magellanic Superbubble 30 Doradus C”,
Sano, H., Yamane, Y., Voisin, F. et al., The Astrophysical Journal, vol. 843, pp. 61-67 (2017)“Interstellar gas and X-rays toward the Young supernova remnant RCW 86; pursuit of the origin of the thermal
and non-thermal X-ray”, Sano, H., Reynoso, E. M., Mitsuishi, I. et al., Journal of High Energy Astrophysics, vol.
15, pp. 1-18 (2017)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate school of Engineering
Research Interests : Condensed matter physics (theory)

ShingoKOBAYASHI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Bioagricutural Sciences
Research Interests : Crop Production Science

Mana
KANO-NAKATA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Root plasticity as the key root trait for adaptation to various intensities of drought stress water stresses in rice”
Kano, M., Inukai, Y., Kitano, H. and Yamauchi, Plant Soil., vol. 342, pp. 117-128 (2011)“Functional roles of the plasticity of root system development in biomass production and water uptake underrainfed lowland conditions in rice: evaluation by utilization of IR64 introgression lines”, Kano-Nakata, M et al.,Field Crops Res., vol. 144, pp. 288-296 (2013)“Root plasticity for maintenance of productivity under abiotic stressed soil environments in rice: Progress andprospects”, Suralta, R.R., Kano-Nakata, M. et al., Field Crops Res., In Press (2016)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

19 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

MAJOR WORKS“Stable And Versatile Gold(III) Catalysts by Oxidative Addition of a Strained Carbon-Carbon Bond”, Chung-Yeh
Wu*, Takahiro Horibe* , Christian B. Jacobsen, F. Dean Toste, Nature, vol. 517, pp. 449-454 (2015)“Chiral Magnesium(II) Binaphtholates as Cooperative Brønsted/Lewis Acid-Base Catalysts for the Highly
Enantioselective Addition of Phosphorus Nucleophiles to α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Ketones”, M. Hatano, T.
Horibe, K. Ishihara, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., vol.52, pp. 4549 (2013)“Chiral Lithium(I) Binaphtholate Salts for the Enantioselective Direct Mannich Type Reaction with a Change of Syn/Anti
and Absolute Stereochemistry”, M. Hatano, T. Horibe, K. Ishihara, J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 152, pp. 56 (2010)

MAJOR WORKS“Abe homotopy classification of topological excitations under the topological influence of vortices”, Shingo
Kobayashi, et al., Nuclear Physics B, vol. 856, pp. 577 (2012)“Topological Blount's theorem of odd parity superconductors”, Shingo Kobayashi, et al., Physical Review B,
vol.90, pp. 24516 (2014)“Topological superconductivity in Dirac semimetals”, Shingo Kobayashi and Masatoshi Sato, Physical Review
Letter, vol. 115, pp. 187001 (2015)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate school of Engineering
Research Interests : Micro-nano manipulation

MasaruTAKEUCHI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Specially Appointed Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Engineering
Research Interests : Organic Chemistry

Takahiro
HORIBE

MAJOR WORKS“Lepton-Specific Two Higgs Doublet Model as a Solution of Muon g−2 Anomaly”, Tomohiro Abe, Ryosuke
Sato, Kei Yagyu., Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 1507, pp. 64 (2015)“Gauge invariant Barr-Zee type contributions to fermionic EDMs in the two-Higgs doublet models”, Tomohiro
Abe, Junji Hisano, Teppei Kitahara, Kohsaku Tobioka, Journal of High Energy Physics, vol.1401, pp. 106 (2014)“LHC Higgs Signatures from Extended Electroweak Gauge Symmetry”, Tomohiro Abe, Ning Chen, Hong-Jian
He., Journal of High Energy Physics, vol. 1301, pp. 82 (2013)

MAJOR WORKS“Shape-controlled high cell-density microcapsules by electrodeposition”, Z. Liu, M. Takeuchi, M. Nakajima etal., Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 37, pp. 93-100 (2016)“On-chip Self-assembly of Cell Embedded Microstructures to Vascular-like Microtubes”, T. Yue, M. Nakajima,
M. Takeuchi et al., Lab on a Chip, vol. 14, pp. 1151-1161 (2014)“Reconfigurable Microfluidic Pump Enabled by Opto-electrical-thermal Transduction”, M. Takeuchi, M.
Hagiwara, G. Haulot, CM. Ho, Applied Physics Letters, vol. 103, pp. 174101 (2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate school of Bioagricultural Sciences
Research Interests : Plant responses to nitrogen nutrition

Takushi
HACHIYA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Interactions between nitrate and ammonium in their uptake, allocation, assimilation, and signaling in plants”,
Hachiya, T. and Sakakibara, H., Journal of Experimental Botany, doi.org/10.1093/jxb/ (2016)“Arabidopsis Root-Type Ferredoxin:NADP(H) Oxidoreductase 2 is Involved in Detoxification of Nitrite in
Roots”, Hachiya, T., Ueda, N., Kitagawa, M., et al., Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 57, pp. 2440-2450 (2016)“Nitrate Addition Alleviates Ammonium Toxicity Without Lessening Ammonium Accumulation, Organic
Acid Depletion and Inorganic Cation Depletion in Arabidopsis thaliana Shoots”, Hachiya, T., Watanabe, C.K.,
Fujimoto, M., et al., Plant and Cell Physiology, vol. 53, pp. 577-591 (2012)

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 20

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Radio Astronomy, High-Energy Astrophysics

Hidetoshi
SANO“Axon regeneration is regulated by Ets-C/EBP transcription complexes generated by activation of thecAMP/Ca2+ signaling pathways”, Chun Li, Naoki Hisamoto and Kunihiro Matsumoto, PLOS Genetics, vol.
11, art. e1005603 (2015)“Axotomy-induced HIF-serotonin signaling axis promotes axon regeneration in C. elegans”, Tanimul Alam,
Hiroki Maruyama, Chun Li et al., Nature Communications., vol. 10, pp. e10388 (2016)“Chaperone complex BAG2-HSC70 regulates localization of Caenorhabditis elegans leucine-rich repeat kinase
LRK-1 to the Golgi”, Fukuzono T, Pastuhov SI, Fukushima O, Li C et al. Gene Cells., vol. 21, pp. 311-324(2016)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Kobayashi-Maskawa InstituteResearch Interests : elementary particle physics

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Cosmology with gravitational waves

SachikoKUROYANAGIMAJOR WORKS

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Humanities
Research Interests : Anthropology, Area Studies

Mio
HORIE
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Inter-ethnic Marriage Migration among Lahu Women in Yunnan: Focusing on Changing Marriage Practices
among Women's Sending Society”, Mio Horie,Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 52(1), pp. 52-81 (2014) “Chained Wife Shortage and Women's Cross-border Marriage Migration: The Case Study of Lahu Women on
China-Myanmar Border”, Mio Horie, Research Report of the Institute for Culture of Travel, vol. 26, pp. 43-56 (2016)“Book Review: Jianxiong Ma, The Lahu Minority in Southwest China; A Response to Ethnic Marginalizationon the Frontier”, Mio Horie, Southeast Asian Studies, vol. 2(3), pp. 629-633(2013)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Humanities
Research Interests : Art History

Hiromi
MATSUI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules
Research Interests : Molecular biology in plant reproduction

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Medicine
Research Interests : Respiratory Medicine, Oncology

Kazuhide
SATO
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Spatially selective depletion of tumor-associated regulatory T cells with near-infrared photoimmunotherapy”,
Sato K, Sato N, Xu B, Nakamura Y, Nagaya T, Choyke, Sci Transl Med, vol. 2016 Aug 17;8(352), pp.
352ra110(2016)“Near infrared photoimmunotherapy for lung metastases”, Sato K, Nagaya T, Mitsunaga M, Choyke PL,
Kobayash, Cancer Lett, vol. Aug 28;365(1), pp. 112-21(2015)“Near infrared photoimmunotherapy in the treatment of pleural disseminated NSCLC: preclinicalexperience”, Sato K, Nagaya T, Choyke PL, Kobayashi H, Theranostics, vol. AMar 19;5(7), pp. 698-709(2015)

Hidenori
TAKEUCHI
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Template Synthesis of Linear-Chain Nanodiamonds Inside Carbon Nanotubes from Bridgehead-HalogenatedDiamantane Precursors”, Yusuke Nakanishi et al., Angew. Chemie. Int. Ed., vol. 54, pp. 10802 (2015)“Size-selective Complexation and Extraction of Endohedral Metallofullerene with Cycloparaphenylene”,
Yusuke Nakanishi et al., Angew. Chemie. Int. Ed., vol. 53, pp. 3102 (2014)“Non-HPLC Rapid Separation of Metallofullerenes and Empty Cages with TiCl4 Lewis Acid”, Kazuhiko
Akiyama, Yusuke Nakanishi et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 134, pp. 9762 (2012)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Mathematics
Research Interests : Number theory

HenrikBACHMANN
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Particle Physics，Astro Physics

Tsutomu
FUKUDA
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Discovery of tau Neutrino Appearance in the CNGS Neutrino Beam with the OPERA Experiment”, OPERA
Collaboration(N. Agafonova, T. Fukuda et al), Physical Review Letters, vol. 115, pp. 121802(2015)“Observation of tau neutrino appearance in the CNGS beam with the OPERA experiment”, OPERA Collaboration(N. Agafonova, T. Fukuda et al), Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, vol. 2014, pp. 101C01 (2014)“Observation of a first nu tau candidate event in the OPERA experiment in the CNGS beam”, OPERA
Collaboration(N. Agafonova, T. Fukuda et al), Physics Letters B, vol. 691, pp. 138 (2010)

MAJOR WORKS“Tip-localized receptors control pollen tube growth and LURE sensing in Arabidopsis”, Hidenori Takeuchi and
Tetsuya Higashiyama, Nature, vol. 531, pp. 245-248（2016）“A species-specific cluster of defensin-like genes encodes diffusible pollen tube attractants in Arabidopsis”,
Hidenori Takeuchi and Tetsuya Higashiyama, PLoS Biology, vol. 10, pp. e1001449（2012）“The mechanism and key molecules involved in pollen tube guidance”, Tetsuya Higashiyama and Hidenori
Takeuchi, Annual review of plant biology, vol. 66, pp. 393-413（2015）

MAJOR WORKS“The double shuffle relations for multiple Eisenstein series”, Henrik Bachmann, Koji Tasaka, Nagoya
Mathematical Journal, pp. 1-33
（2017）doi : 10.1017 / nmj.2017.9.
“The algebra of multiple divisor functions and applications to multiple zeta values? ,” Henrik Bachmann, Ulf
Kühn, Ramanujan Journal, vol. 40, pp. 605-648（2016）“On multiple series of Eisenstein type”, Henrik Bachmann, Hirofumi Tsumura, Ramanujan Journal, vol. 42, pp.
479-489（2017）

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR
Research Interests : Cosmology, Weak Gravitational Lensing

Hironao
MITATAKE
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

MAJOR WORKS“Measurement of a Cosmographic Distance Ratio with Galaxy and Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing”,
H. Miyatake, M. S. Madhavacheril, N. Sehgal, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 118(16), pp. 161301（2017）“Evidence of Halo Assembly Bias in Massive Clusters”, H. Miyatake, S. More, M. Takada, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett.,
vol. 116(4), pp. 41301（2016）“The Weak Lensing Signal and the Clustering of BOSS Galaxies. I. Measurements”, H. Miyatake, S. More, R.
Mandelbaum, et al., ApJ, vol. 806, pp. （1 2015）Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Astropysics，Planetary Science

Yuri
FUJII
Young Leaders
Cultivation Program
Faculty(YLC)

21 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

MAJOR WORKS“Orbital Evolution of Moons in Weakly Accreting Circumplanetary Disks”, Fujii, Kobayashi, Takahashi, &Gressel, Astronomical Journal, vol. 153, pp. 194（2017）“On the Viability of the Magnetorotational Instability in Circumplanetary Disks”, Fujii, Okuzumi, Tanigawa, &Inutsuka, Astrophysical Journal, vol. 785, pp. 101（2014）“A Fast and Accurate Calculation Scheme for Ionization Degrees in Protoplanetary and Circumplanetary Disks
with Charged Dust Grains”, Fujii, Okuzumi, & Inutsuka, Astrophysical Journal, vol. 743, pp. 53（2011）

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 22

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

IAR PEOPLE | YLC Program Faculty

Affiliation : Designated Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR and Graduate School of Science
Research Interests : Nanoscience & Nanotechnology

YusukeNAKANISHI

MAJOR WORKS“Cubisme et poésie – « L'esprit cubiste »et les livres illustrés dans les années 1910”, Hiromi Matsui, Textimage ;revue d'étude du dialogue texte-image, https://www.revue-te(2017)“Organization of Cubist Anatomy: Pablo Picasso's Knowledge of Artistic Anatomy and his Proto-cubist
Works”, Hiromi Matsui, Picasso. Transfigurations 1895-1972, cat. exp, Museum of Fine Arts, pp. 36-45 (2016)“Construction et définition du corps”, Hiromi Matsui, Délphine Mulard, Ken Daimaru (éd.), Les Éditions dunet(2015)

I.A.R. INFORMATIONI
INFORMATIONThe Nagoya University Lecture 2017
The Nagoya University Lecture 2017, titled“Exploring
fundamental principles of the continuation of life”was held at theuniversity’s Toyoda Auditorium on Saturday, September 16, 2017,
co-organized by Nagoya University and Chunichi Shimbun. This
lecture series, one of the most important lecture events organizedby the university, is designed to provide citizens with opportunities
to learn about state-of-the-art scientific knowledge by making open
to the public lectures delivered by outstanding researchers in theirrespective academic disciplines. Lecturers are awarded the title“Nagoya University Lecturer,” the university’s most prestigious title,with a recognition plaque. For this lecture meeting, the 13th in theseries, two prominent researchers were invited: Dr. Kazuo
Shinozaki, Director of the Center for Sustainable Resource Scienceat the Institute of Physical & Chemical Research (RIKEN), andUniversity Professor at Nagoya University; and Dr. Tsuneko Okazaki,
University Professor at Nagoya University, and Distinguished
Honorary Professor at Fujita Health University. Dr. Shinozaki
pioneered research into plants’ responses and adaptations toenvironmental stress at the molecular and cellular levels. He has
led the world in plant sciences, both in basic and applied research,
discovering signaling factors in environmental stress responses andthe functions of hormones involved in the tolerance development
mechanism. Dr. Okazaki discovered Okazaki fragments—a namethat should be familiar to many from biology textbooks throughout
the world—with her late husband, Reiji Okazaki. Okazaki fragments
are short fragments of DNA molecules that are formed during thediscontinuous DNA replication process. After Reiji died at 44 fromleukemia, she continued and completed their research into DNA’s
discontinuous replication mechanism.
The 2017 NU Lecture began with an opening address by
Nagoya University President Seiichi Matsuo. In the first half of thelecture session, Professor Toshinori Kinoshita of the university’s
GraduatSchool of Science introduced Dr. Kazuo Shinozaki, whodelivered a lecture titled “Survival strategy in plants under harshconditions: plant gene functions and regulation.” He talked about
physiological responses and the tolerance mechanism in plants toenvironmental stress at the gene level. His easy-to-understandlecture also covered the topic of applied research on genetic
engineering of crop plants. In the second half of the lecture session,
Professor Emeritus Yasunori Machida, the university’s Graduate
School of Science, introduced Dr. Tsuneko Okazaki. Her lecture wastitled “My journey through research: from DNA’s discontinuous
replication mechanism to human artificial chromosome
constructions.” After the death of her husband, who was aco-researcher with her, she continued the research into the DNA
discontinuous replication mechanism while bringing up two young
children. She also succeeded in the construction of human artificial
chromosomes and co-founded a company to offer the technology
for use in various applications. Dr. Okazaki talked extensively about
how she has accomplished these achievements as a pioneering
woman in science, mentioning the social situation of those days. In

23 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

Activity & Newsher lecture, she revealed how a letter from Arthur Kornberg(winner of the 1959 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine), underwhom she had studied, encouraged her to continue her research
despite the strong criticism that Japanese working mothers were
facing at that time.
Approximately 700 people participated in the event. Some of
their comments are as follows: “It was interesting to know that bygenetic engineering, plants can grow even in harsh environments.”“I am very happy to see Dr. Okazaki in person, whom I have only
known from a biology textbook, and learn about her research
directly from her.”Group photo of the Workshop

Prof. Okazaki (right) and Prof. Shinozaki (left) at the Lectureship award ceremony

IAR Nagoya International Workshop on“Today’s challenges –Future Perspectives”
On November 29-30th, 2017 the Institute for Advanced
Research of Nagoya University organized a two-day International
Workshop on “Today's challenges –Future perspectives” andwelcomed many distinguished guests from different parts of theworld, who came to exchange experience on educating talented
young researchers -the Leaders of Tomorrow- and share ideas oncollaboration amongst the institutes. The Workshop has unitedprofessors from the Institutes for Advanced Studies/Research of the
University of Birmingham, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem,
Aarhus University, Bielefeld University, Technical University of
Munich, University of San Paulo, Nanyang Technological University,
KIAS, Fudan University, Nanjin University, Waseda University andthe French network of institutes for Advanced Studies in theirintention to advance efforts in education, promote and support it,
making a great turn from challenges to opportunities.
This workshop became a meaningful occasion, because it
provided an exciting moment to look for, consider and discuss theways to work closely on supporting outstanding young researchers
within all institutions, bring them together and create anadvantageous environment for innovative research.
The Institute for Advanced Research of Nagoya University, as
well as other institutes who joined the Workshop have identicalmission and fundamental objective in nurturing talent andupgrading its research capabilities. United with the same purpose,
goal and ambition, all institutes agreed to further develop thetradition of international, interdisciplinary and active exchange
among young researchers and promote personnel exchange within
the institutes.
The first day of the Workshop was devoted to presentations
made by each representative on his/her own Institute and provided
a great chance to learn about the structure of the institute, its
history, functions and features, as well as all fellowship, exchange
programs and research groups available. On the second day
workshop participants discussed various issues on supporting
junior researchers and improving their activities, on setting up thefellowship and exchange programs and exchanged ideas on
multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary research within theinstitutions. The discussion was also directed to identifying ways tofoster relationships between institutes, the relations between
European and Asian institutions and impulses for future projects.
Thus, the International Workshop turned into a significantly
productive two days of interesting and stimulating discussion, andbrought up a very timely and extremely important issue for thewhole network of Institutes for Advanced Studies/Research, whotake over an outstanding role in educating future leaders, pioneers
and innovators.

Ryoji Noyori Academy Salon
Since Ja nuary 2013, University Prof. Ryoji Noyori, a 2001
Nobel Laureate in Chemistry, has contributed numerous articles to"Kamitsubute" in the Japanese daily newspaper Chunichi Shimbun.
Based on these articles, he holds regular academic discussions withstudents. In 2017, four (the 23th to 22th) Ryoji Noyori Academy

salons were held. Prof. Noyori and students from different
academic fields discussed various topics. The topics were “Deficiency,
the Power to Produce a Slew of Ideas” (23th), “Japan, to Contributeto Human Existence” (24th), “Women's Empowerment” (25th) and“The Power to Create the Future” (26th).

The 26th Ryoji Noyori Academy Salon

Live till night: real-time discussion
with Prof. Noyori
The Ryoji Noyori Academy Salon ended with the 26th session
as the last round. As a successor to this series, the "Live till night:
real-time discussion with Professor Noyori" was launched. In thissalon, participants can freely discuss various topics with theprofessor. Compared to the previous salon, the new program
welcomes a broader range of participants, including students andyoung researchers, to engage in frank discussions with Dr. Noyori.
The biggest difference lies in how a topic is selected: A topic is

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 24

INFORMATION

Activity & News

proposed by participants, instead of the professor. Actually, topics
are chosen by facilitators, young faculty staff who lead thediscussion at the academy salon. In the first session of the
Academic Salon, the discussion was facilitated by Amirova Nargiza,
Associate Professor at IAR, with the theme "Overcoming Fear of
Failure," which was based on the UBIAS 2017 Topic of the Year
‘Fear’. In the salon, participants talked about the uncertainty about
the future that many students may feel and asked many questions,such as how they should face the failures that they encounter
during their research. To some of the questions, Dr. Noyori gave
answers that participants had not anticipated. Being full of
enlightening discoveries, the session was very inspiring andexciting. It was an incredibly valuable opportunity for students andyoung researchers to discuss issues with the world's leading
researcher on an equal basis. A report compiled by the participants
can be read on the IAR website.

I.A.R. INFORMATION

Short-term Fellowship Program

IAR Director Hisanori Shinohara presenting the 15-year history of the Institute.

IAR Symposium

Dr. Noyori in discussions with participants

We organized IAR symposiums starting from 2016. The
symposiums aim at communicating the established, novel andcutting-edge research at Nag oya University to all its members. We
set three different fields, human and social science, natural scienceand engineering, and medicine and biology. The second IAR
symposium “The greatest form of science and engineering researchthat Nagoya University has to offer to the world” was held on
February 3, 2017, the third IAR symposium “Social Science studies
that resolutely challenge humanities and cultural issues” was heldon July 12, 2017 and the fourth IAR symposium “Front-runners inlife science” was held on January 11, 2017.

The IAR 15th anniversary Ceremony

Foreign PI Fellowship Program

To celebrate the 15th anniversary of the Institute forAdvanced Research (IAR), a ceremony was held in the Sakata and
Hirata Hall (Science South Building), Nagoya University. Following
an opening address by the university’s president Seiichi Matsuo, acongratulatory speech was delivered by Masami Watanabe,
Director of the Promotion Policy Division, Research Promotion
Bureau, Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Science andTechnology. Next, IAR Director Hisanori Shinohara presented the
15-year history of the Institute. Then, congratulatory speeches
were delivered by Aarhus University Professor Morten Kyndrup,
Chairman/Coordinator of the University-Based Institutes for
Advanced Study (UBIAS), and Professor Michael Hannon of the
University of Birmingham. Dr. Ryoji Noyori, founder and Honorary
Director of IAR, gave a powerful keynote speech which lasted
one-and-a-half hours, urging IAR and Nagoya University to further
promote academic research. Dr. Kanako Seki, Professor at the
University of Tokyo, who served as an IAR faculty member under
the former IAR Project, and Dr. Hiromi Matsui, Designated
Assistant Professor in the YLC Program, reported on theirrespective research results accomplished at IAR. The ceremony
was a great success with 200 people in attendance.

The Foreign Principal Investigator (PI) Fellowship Program is a
program inviting excellent researchers from foreign countries withoutstanding research achievements for three to four months’
fellowship, to promote the University’s academic research. In theacademic year 2017, Prof. Nabila Aghanim (CNRS Directeur deRecherche at the Institut d’Astrophysique Spatiale) and Prof. Lei
Chen (Professor at Department of Computer Science andEngineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)
were selected for this fellowship. While they were visiting Nagoya
University, they discussed collaborative research with PIs in
Nagoya University. Also, they contributed to the education ofyoung researchers by giving advice and lectures. Professor
Aghamin gave alecture “RIKEJO,
be Ambitious!!”and Prof. Chen
gave a lecture“Human-Powered Machine
Learning”.

25 | IAR LETTER | March 2018

Prof. Aghanim

In 2017, we launched a new program called ‘Short-term
Fellowship Program’ to facilitate international scientificcooperation. This program supports short research visits ofoverseas researchers (max. four weeks) including related activities
such as holding a symposium. This year, two proposals wereselected for this program. One was from Dr. Tadaaki Furuhashi(Research Center of Health, Physical Fitness and Sports, Nagoya
University), he invited Dr. Marie-Frederique Bacque and Dr. Anne
Thevenot from Strasbourg University and held a symposium titled‘Franco-Japanese symposium on the family, the relation between
the mother and the child, the conjugal relationship, theunconscious and the "Hikikomori"’. The other proposal came fromDr. Michihiro Mochida (Grad. Sch. of Environmental Studies,
Nagoya University). He invited Dr. Tareq Hussein (University of
Jordan/University of Helsinki) and Dr. Mar Viana (Institute ofEnvironmental Assessment & Water Research, Spanish ResearchCouncil) and held a symposium titled ‘Frontiers of Atmospheric
Aerosol Studies: Toward the Understanding of the Health andClimatic Effects’.

2016 Young Leaders Cultivation Program
The Young Leaders Cultivation (YLC) Program, through which
Nagoya University regularly and systematically recruits and trains
young faculty members, is a strategic program based on thepremise that it is important to secure an appropriate quantity andquality of young faculty members, in order to sustain thedevelopment of outstanding education and research in the future.
In the academic year 2016, Kazuhide Sato (Grad. Sch. of Medicine),
Yusuke Nakanishi (Grad. Sch. of Science), Tutomu Fukuda (Grad.
Sch. of Science), Yuri Fujii (Grad. Sch. of Science), Hiromi Matsui(Grad. Sch. of Letter), Hidenori Takeuchi (Grad. Sch. of Science),
Henric Lennart Bachman (Grad. Sch. of Mathmatics), Hironao
Miyatake (Grad. Sch. of Science) were newly employed as
designated assistant professors of the YLC program.

IAR Freshmen Lecture Series
Targeting freshmen of the University, this lecture series
includes lectures delivered by members of the Academy, IAR Faculty
members, IAR Fellows, and researchers of Nagoya University. It isaimed at communicating the fun of academic research. In theacademic year 2017, the following 14 lectures were given:
1.“Power of molecules. Encouragement of interdisciplinary research”
Prof. Kenichiro Itami（Director of ITbM）
2.“Creating enzymes: The boundary of chemistry and biology”
Prof. Yoshito Watanabe（Grad. Sch. of Science / Vice President）
3.“The laws of science and development”
Prof. Toshihide Maskawa（Director of the Kobayashi Maskawa Institute, 2008 Nobel Laureate in Physics）

4.“The dark universe”
Prof. Naoshi Sugiyama（Grad. Sch. of Science）
5.“Children in Islam: Different cultures seen from education”
Prof. Mina Hattori（Grad. Sch. of Education and Human Development）
6.“What is social justice?”
Prof. Hajime Wada
（Grad. Sch. of Law / Vice President of Nagoya University）
7.“How to use contemporary economics”
Prof. Jiro Nemoto（Grad. Sch. of Economics）
8.“Fascination with an introduction to the history of thought”
Prof. Takaho Ando
（Chuo University / Sixth Director of Nagoya IAR）
9.“Present of Historical studies: from Object to Relations”
Prof. Yoshiyuki Suto（Grad. Sch. of Letter / Deputy Director of Nagoya IAR）
10.“Bench & bed”
Prof. Takashi Takahashi（Grad. Sch. of Medicine）
11.“Science starts from seeing”
Prof. Sumio Iijima（Meijo University/Distinguished Invited Professor at Nagoya University）
12.“Development of a terahertz-wave source and application for a
non-destructive inspection”
Prof. Kodo Kawase（Grad. Sch. of Engineering）
13.“The past, present, and future of brain research”
Prof. Azusa Kamikouchi（Grad. Sch. of Sciences）
14.“Genome breeding to solve the food crisis”
Prof. Makoto Matsuoka（Grad. Sch. of Bioagricultural Sciences）

AwardsDr. Itaru Kushima (YLC Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR)
won the 25th JSBP Young Investigator Awards (Sep, 2017).

Dr. Hiroshi Takeuchi (YLC Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR)
won the IEEE ICRA Best Paper Award in Service Robotics (Jun. 2017)
and the MHS2017 Best Paper Award (Dec. 2017).

Dr. Akira Ichikawa (YLC Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR)
won the Nagoya University Ishida Prize (Nov. 2017).

Dr. Kazuhide Sato (YLC Assistant Professor at Nagoya IAR)
won the Medical Award of Nagoya University School of Medicine(Feb. 2017), the Excellence Research Award, Konica Minolta
Science and Technology Foundation (Mar. 2017), Akasaki Award,
Nagoya University (Mar. 2017), the International Session Award,
Japan Respiratory Society (Apr. 2017), the Young Research Award,
Japanese Association of Cancer Immunology (Jun. 2017), theYoung Research Award, The Japan Lung Cancer Society (Oct.
2017), the Research Award, Japan Medical Association (Nov.
2017) and Research Award, Nagoya University Medical
Association (Feb. 2017).

Prof. Chen

March 2018 | IAR LETTER | 26

I NST I T U TE FOR A DVA NCED R ESE A RCH

LETTER
March 2018 Vol. 16

Special Interview

The Academic Journey: from France to Japan

Shoichi Sato

Research Highlights

INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED RESEARCH, NAGOYA UNIVERSITY
Telephone. +81-52-788-6051 Facsimile. +81-52-788-6151 E-mail. iar@adm.nagoya-u.ac.jp
http://www.iar.nagoya-u.ac.jp/

Genetic copy number variation (CNV ) analysis of schizophrenia
Categorical representation theory and its application to knot theory
Exploring imprints of string theory from cosmological observations

Itaru Kushima
Yasuyoshi Yonezawa
Yuko Urakawa