NAS® batteries for Technical Challenges with Renewable Energy

November, 2018
NGK INSULATORS, LTD.

NAS is the trademark of NGK INSULATORS,LTD., registered in the U.S.

© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

1

Contents

1. Outline of NGK Insulators, Ltd.
2. Structure and features of NAS Battery
3. NAS Battery Installations Around the World
4. Various applications of NAS Battery System- Wind Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift- Solar Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift- Frequency Control and Energy Time Shift- Hybrid Battery System© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved2Outline of NGK Insulators, Ltd.

Paid-in Capital

1919 in Nagoya, Japan(As the first Japanese manufacturer of ceramic insulators.)
US$ 0.6 Bil (69.8 billion Yen)

Number of Employees

18,737 (consolidated)

Established Year

Consolidated Subsidiaries 58 companies
Annual Net Sales

US$ 4.2 Bil (451 billion Yen) （as of March 2018, Consolidated）

NGK's diversified products are based on ceramic material & manufacturing technologies.
Power Business
Power BusinessInsulators for
power transmission

Ceramic Business
Ceramics Business
Honeycomb ceramics
for automobile

Electronics
Business
Electronics
Business

Process Technology
Business
Electronics Business
Semiconductor
Manufacturing
Equipment

SAW filters

Electronic components

NASbattery

drying systems
Diesel Particulate Filters© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

3Structure of NAS Battery Cell
➢ Abundant material, Sodium and Sulfur. are used for active material of NAS Battery.
➢ Beta Alumina Ceramic Tube is the key part of NAS Battery.

Discharge
LoadCharge

Sodium (Na)Power source

Beta Alumina
Ceramic＋－Discharge

NA2Sx
SulfurNa

Sulfur(S)Na+Charge

Negative Solid
Positive
Electrode Electrolytes Electrode（Beta Alumina)

2Na + xS

Cell Structure

Na2Sx

Chemical Reaction

Beta Alumina Ceramic© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved4

Structure of NAS Battery System➢ Containerized system minimize the transportation and installation cost.
➢ NAS battery can be used at high temperature area because inside of Battery Module
is high temperature.
➢ NAS Battery can be recycled after the end of battery life.
+ terminal- terminal- Pole（Sodium）
Safety Tube
SolidElectrolyte(Beta alumina)+ Pole（Sulfur）

192 BatteryCells
Fuse

Thermally
Insulated LidFan/Radiant Heat Duct
Main PoleHeaterBattery Module

Battery Cell
6 NAS Battery Modules

20ftContainerSand

Containerized NAS Battery
Units(800kW)
Power Conversion
SystemController

Battery Container (200kW, 1200kWh)( ()200(200kW,1200kWh)

Battery System (800kW, 4800kWh)(800kW,4800kWh)© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved5

Features of NAS Battery Energy Storage➢ Long Duration
・Can store energy up to 6 hours➢ Compact Layout
・3 times energy density compared to lead acid battery➢ Fast Response
・Prompt response – full power charge to discharge in 2 milliseconds➢ High level of reliability
・Uses ceramic for electrolyte. No self discharge, superior long term durability➢ High level of safety
・Multiple safety features and quality control incorporated to ensure safety➢ Easy to install and relocating
・“Plug & Play” Containerized NAS Battery is available➢ Easy Maintenance・Minimal planned maintenance required. Remote operation© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved6NAS Battery Installations Around the World➢ Outstanding supply record in Large Scale Battery Energy Storage
Total Installation Record of 560MW(4,000MWh)➢ Annual Production Capacity 150MW(1GWh)

Germany
4.8MW
Germany
１ＭＷItaly
35MW

Minnesota
1MWJapan390MW

Canada1MW
California7MW
New Mexico
1MW

Abu Dhabi
108MW

Texas
4MW

New York

West Virginia

1MW

7MW

Reunion Island(FR) 1MW

Peak ShiftRenewable, Grid Stabilization
Frequency controlMicrogrid© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

7

Various applications of NAS Battery System➢ NAS Batteries are used at renewable generation site, transmission line, substation andbehind the meter (consumer).
➢ NAS Battery is useful for energy time shifting, stabilizing renewable energy, adjusting
demand & supply and backup power supply.
Wind Power

Small Distribution Network(Off-grid, Islands)
離島・スマートグリッド

Large-scale Renewable Energy Plant

Large-scale
Power Plant

Main Grid System

発電所
Generator

Solar

Scheduling Supply（Output Stabilization）

Substation

Transmission SystemAbsorb Excess Energy
Mitigation of transmission Congestion

Solar
Substation

WindPower
風力発電
Commercial
Complex

Distribution
SystemDistribution
SystemLaboratory（EPS,Countermeasure to Instantaneous
Voltage Drop）

Factory
Wind Power

Peak Shifting
Strengthen Energy Security

Solar

SchoolWastewater
Treatment
Plant

Distribution
System© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

8Wind Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift – Rokkasho

Power MWPower MW➢ NAS Battery absorb the fluctuation of output power from wind generator andtime-shift the energy.

TimeRokkasho
Rokkasho Futamata Wind Farm in Japan
Wind turbine 51MW
NAS battery
34MW (224MWh)

NAS Battery

PCS Building

Control Building© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

9Wind Power Stabilization – Xcel Energy

Power kW
Discharge →➢ NAS Battery absorbs the fluctuation of output power from wind generator.
➢ The combined power from wind generator and NAS Battery is constant in 30
minutes time block.

←Charge

1200

WindLuverne, MN

800

Delivered
400
0-400

NASpower-800

Example of Leveling Wind Power

16:00

15:30

15:00

14:3014:00

13:30

13:00

12:30

12:00

11:30

11:00

10:30

9:30

-1200

10:00

(Courtesy of Xcel Energy)

NAS Battery system for Xcel Energy(1MW, COD 2008)(Courtesy of Xcel Energy)© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

10Solar Power Stabilization and Energy Time Shift – Wakkanai➢ NAS Battery absorb the fluctuation of output power from PV and time-shift theenergy.

Wakkanai

Output (kW)

PV: 5MWNAS Battery: 1.5MW

Time
Example of Operation pattern
Financed by NEDO(New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved11Solar Energy Time Shift – Buzen, Kyushu➢ Planned PV connections to the grid were suspended due to over-generation problem.
The government of Japan decided to install large scale battery in a short projectschedule.
➢ NAS battery (50MW/300MWh) was successfully deployed only in 10 months after order.
■Improving Demand-and-Supply balance of solar
generation using large capacity energy storage.

Store excess electricity
from daytime.
Solargeneration
Demand■ Start of Operation March 3, 2016

Discharge
during nighttime

Buzen, Kyushu

ChargeDischarge

Non-Solar Generation© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

12Solar Power Stabilization – Los Alamos
5,000➢ Fluctuationof “Load & PV power” is leveled by NAS Battery.
4,750➢ Output
power of NAS Battery is controlled by EMS to level “Power Flow at Tie4,500
Line” 4,250(connecting point of the internal feeder and the external power grid).
4,000Power [kW]Power [kW]

3,500
5,000
3,250
4,750
3,000
4,500
2,750
4,250
2,500
4,000
2,250
3,750
2,000
3,500
1,750
3,250
1,500
3,000
1,250
2,750
1,000
NAS Battery
2,500
750
2,250
500
2,000
250
1,75001,500
9:00-2506:00
1,250-500
1,000-750750-1,000500

Load & PV Power

2500Load
Total Load [kW]PV-P [kW]Los Alamos, NM

NAS-P_1 [kW]LAB-P [kW]Load-PV
Load-PV-Battery

Power [kW]Power [kW]Power Flow at Tie-line
3,750(Load & PV & NAS Battery)PV

Total Load [kW]PV-P [kW]
NAS-P_1 [kW]LAB-P [kW]Load-PV

12:00

15:00

18:00

Load-PV-Battery

NAS Battery system for Los Alamos(1MW, COD 2013)2013/7/15

Financed by NEDO (New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization)© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

13Frequency Control and Energy Time Shift – Miyako➢ NAS Battery stabilizes grid frequency in remote island.
➢ NAS Battery also shifts energy and absorbs surplus PV output during daytime.

Miyako IslandNAS Battery
Wind ９００ｋＷ

PV４ＭＷ

ＮＡＳ Battery
４ＭＷ（２８．８ＭＷh）

http://www.okiden.co.jp/environment/report2014/sec7/sec74.html© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

14Hybrid Battery System - Oki➢ Hybrid system of 4.2MW NAS battery and 2MW Lithium-ion battery enables to install
additional 8MW of renewable energy.
➢ Even though NAS battery can absorb both long and small fluctuation caused by solar
and wind power, the hybrid system is also an effective solution in some cases.
Size of Oki Islands:346KM2
Population:25,000 people

Wind Farm
1,800kW
Roof top Solar
500kW

Diesel

Oki

Hydro
100kW

4.2MW of NAS® Battery System

Hydro
200kW
DieselNewWind
2,000kWNew
Mega PV
3,000kWNew
Mega PV
2,000kW2MW of LiB System© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

15

Summary

1. NAS Battery is reliable and effective battery to store large amounts ofelectric energy by using well-established ceramic technology.
2. NAS Battery is systematically integrated in ocean container. It is easy
to install, operate and maintenance.
3. The capability and durability of NAS Battery are proven by abundant
field experiences.
4. By integrating NAS Battery and renewable energy power sources,stable, clean and low cost power can be supplied.

© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

16

NGK INSULATORS, LTD.
NAS Battery Division, Power Business Group
2-56 Suda-cho, Mizuho, Nagoya, 467-8530 JAPANTel +81-(0)52-872-7515 Fax +81-(0)52-872-8862
https://www.ngk.co.jp/nas/© 2018 NGK Insulators, Ltd. All rights reserved

17