ῌ
The Pierre Auger
658ῌ8501  8ῌ9ῌ1e-mail: tokonatu@konan-u.ac.jp

!"#$

 %&'()*+,-. 5.6)789:9;.<= the Pierre Auger >?'@)A,EF'GHIJK,6 EFL ,L AXYZ[\]^Z_'J`,6 /0.
. B

1234>?

CDMNOPQRS,T'U'VW>?EFH-ab5.

-v^_~B@), &!"

1.

s\4'XKtQHDFv

v^_&v '-.

1020 eV -[)+)[, P2O&t75627 89:;]w*@sB[&vfQ[&<=>(?@)@AB2/C?3*+, DE

3 ^_&V ^_&DF#FGH-9:+I1J?){&1&!"#$%&'()*+,/0123*+14

KL/MN4 A&

O1+=PQ&RS/RT?>PB@)+, T&UV-DEFG&W/)XY¡¢[,

2. #$Z[\], ^_X`- 'XKS=a@)^_1PB+&- 1912  V. F. Hess, ^_X`b)@4 cBcBd-P?

1Z'£*@¤}`¥?+&1¦[efgPB@), §3T 100 ¨&sH -&hHij#klm21TXK?@)XY&S]2;&[, no&p=&©ªH, -«¬­=¤}&®

S]29:+I1qr*@), s&t-u

1¯s?4 PT°!U±²³1D#$vwxyz27%{9:1)@4 ^s1T3PB+, ^_1^_3T

_|}~B@)s1´PB+&H, ABµ^_Z&tHU?@),cBcB-.[vvS=?@)2), -P.¶.2s\HX`PB

no&pq21T9:+I&U&t3

A&

PB@q+,-·O&3T"#.H$M),

7qDF1

1938 ¸DF%&d Pierre Auger S

QHq@*=/, s&DFv/¬Z¹º»1PB+, vS]?@),256"#¼%

2008  5 ¼

 

 C. PQ9. RC  STU".V!

]WaIJ9R8C.  3 DY9M"#$%&'()* 1962 XYZ[9:!"#$% &.$+ J. Linsley ,-./$01234\R8C* YZJV4Q

5

VIJ (AGASA) 678.&9::!"2)

CD8*;#$%;<8* =>34

+ 100 km d<9 C:Y9\:

/$? :!"#$%@<8*;]^9-.  2 AB (CMB) AGASA< 8  C . < D  2  A  1966   ,, Haverah Park 8V Yakutsk (E#$FC* Greisen GHIJK4L  M#[&a!C"#$%NOPQ3>RST bYUCU*  VWNQ3PQU!

1)

2

2010 eV)C* 1980῍90 _++b,`-. HiRes )*-_9-)* wc."#$%

a)*

X8C. MNOPQ3>+ 10 eV Y

@d<8* e- AGASA f-*)

9"<8Z <D 10 XD 10 eV Y9C*ghijk+8D".#[$\]Y*+^_<8C

GZK .T %`+@a-Y&R)C(C ']^9al(m^n)oD8e GZK v+9:!"#$%+ CMBwpq202122

.*b 30 c()X*+9de,[-+f3gPNhij..
l3/kC. 0 10eV  CMB +:!"NnC* X AGASA ;
+9d(X)*  Alan Watson + 1990 R8*¡¢9%`r/kC.3) Mst(D"#$%u£w+ 10 D-Y

10 eV !

&R)C(C 1,000 km d<;"#$%(. *b3((87 10 ¤)a&RD(C¥U vwDnJo44(?+.

#$%12mXD.

8"#$% 5U2Z¦

xy9-.῎1T 8z =C*0§1¨${?@FA Jim Cronin>34/$8t99:;uY9,X( Alan U|* M-(*+a) Z}UC(.©d 5,000 km2 &~pq9aq6r7s

[<C. vw+=>?@FAªB-/k<8 CDE) Gre-Uῌ῎2T U the Pierre Auger G«"

isen῍Zatsepin῍Kuzmin (GZK) vw

678C$2o¬L ^_Y)* ¤­. xF GZK vw; b)<YyY.

($\.G 40 zH[bD8*

(.

IJ9+KXD&L{ !CM
9N3XDO{9[. &* |a)}~o4~Q1;

 Auger ^_®C¯FU°±Ca)\Q

RX. 'D+²³!

´?@FA*² o*

IJaµ´XC. 'D¶·<8 0§¸u-.f¬$}3/¹ºY

῎1 Watson A. A., 1990, European Cosmic Ray Symp. Review Talk, “All that is needed is dedication, money and patience;otherwise a reviewer writing ten years from now will not be able to draw many di#erent conclusion.”
῎2 Cronin J., 1991, Proc. of 22th International Cosmic Ray Conference: “You’re not nearly ambitious enough, we shouldbuild 5,000 km2.”
 101 »5¼257

k1±k1 Auger \h6!i6 M²#:jk ABCE:?³´ µ4?n9D¶?Z:
LE/: ·k1lm`¦ A 6F¸#:;<= ¹º# » vGo9: 

}8~?"c/?#:8

K!"#$%&'(   17 )?c()?

*+,-# '8$%;<=E()?

./01234567689:;<=1>
FGHD'?@

AD%%EL M

M8 Haverah Park E

NAOD

#Z:P;<=8K

*

['M

TK\h6\09
T6 Auger \h6,1 !^_`a%(0)?-.6+\/801EZ: T8E

LQRS0

z W6j21ῌ&;<34 ῍$%;<=

 T1 10 m2U1.2 m 6V6@

A'B

B#N? W6N6EXYZ:
AOD

6z# &+?0ZH

A'BC

I%J%8K

T6$%;<=DP[?Z:\H9 CA

D8'?57

' ῎6?n9789 ῏T0?
,lZ:6*:E: i6

D%%XY6]?Z:6#  T#1)

6;<=1Y6^_`a%?Z: 6;£¤6 M?¥ b

WTE6;<=? AGASA 6#bc

?d

W6efNAOD

g:T889P;<=\hi6jk8lm`¦b¡#A

7:8;<=16258?¢Z:T8#9 1999</x&¨C©ª%D


W9xzH T6v1 Auger \h/#{|#¢ W6ef?§/06

#6n:;<=6op?k 1 #qZ r
stK !u6vwxy?¢Z:;E9«  Auger 6¢¬z ­< 2008 <#® T6j?k 2 #qZ

1=/0=E> 60 km :?¯E 3,000 km2 6@°#
8H¼I

2008 < 5 ¼2! Auger 56r¯" #)$ N+°±%²³´ µ1,600  4 ir% 6 ¶¥·¸.%²³#_¹+º´

1,600 

! (5,000 km ) "2# AGASA   30   H-.l GZK 34N#.

562 23   1.5 



$%

3,000 km2 $%CQ;:TL.

$34Nvw72

34#

7:UP-.C300 &'()*+,-./01

tuvwU+h



.

23456789: <=>:?@>#A7%DEFGH-<=>

I 370 JKLNOCP

UC

*BC

370 J F#
CQ;RS :TL
VUW%;

->C562M34

W 2005 Q #%PC



_`U

abLcI
ghijklm:
no.


!%DE7pq Auger 56rPs2tuvwxy5ztuvw
P%{7HC-.

>| GZK }~ 10 eV KL
20» 101 ¼

»5G_2

. _*U+h#.%2.
P¡.

:

Q##

:C-. 562.

34Nl¢m'£# GZK }~6:¤C ¥fl GZK 34N#¦-.U

>de%H 2002 P 2007 f 5 3)_tu*%YZ'%!

X YZ* 1 [\]X^s2:UC_2:H§I2:C-.

. -.

fC

:#¨L

©ªUP-.# «¬1­% Jim Cronin %. MU;%562;

HUP;¨-W

34N#TL

f®# O;¦.

f7PRSL. Mffvw72

259

   2006 012'()*+,

3 (AGN)  4

5#.6789:;<=>
7=  .?@6  100 -AB CP 67Q

R%&S>&V TU

WX.YD!<%& Auger ;Z[\"]'^_+`abc+d #eX$%&
I+=S 370 &fg'hijX.

(kX> .

pqbrpwH ;<i

3[X.4njmn&

 <5

67{8 2007 3=Xq)9w=mn& > 7 -TUpw+

H:8n>

D-E+FGHIJK+L -MNO

0 #&

1 .~=2 !"#$%&-./

+K+;eX.
5| <= #?<=.=>0=Xq)9-$?

= 99|¡ 67¢@A%3. ῍ ῏ ῎ ῌ£/B Auger ;Z>i67¤¥.

 #o = arXiv pqp

C3%&X #[\=DE[X

rHst+I+uvwbxF= AGN .>.= ¦67§¨kX FUHECR .>y*uvz+{|}

3U)l=mn&#+ Auger ;Z"&+X>,e ~=+-%&X[..

F3260



 .? C/%&aGῌ1018.5 eV G/=b_sGF©+dX &ª+`«;Z H¬=­e?

¡I.X b_s®FB Auger $¯0%& -b_ sGF J° :\ ±2.6 \5+ /=²X ³F$%& 27 ´£,'()*+-KL 4 12µM¶=12 ῍ 2.5 ·¸ "X/  AGN. 5.7¹1019 eV |£,'()*+-KL 4 Nº 3.1 .»=²X O,12P QR=¼"$¢S
TU

2008  5 

CMB 

,"

6!"# $%&'()*+,

&

-.'()*/0
ῌ

789:;

10=y3# tb,5}5~Og=6eV <=>?@3# ss>]b>"O#!MO;!C9#&L3 DM

!y9

M8yO1

AB@

31# &C GZK DE3F&O19# KCCCMB 3G+=HI

9;"# 6V

J &CKL=M!
NO#ῌ.'()*PQ@RS5.'()*TU
5VOWXYC35), 6)#

5-.'()*EU=J 5F"V}M319# x=GV=
=y9# YῌZ[\]^ _VC`Qab\)*

5 GZK DEDM!NJ <.H`Q\cbdYC83

19# -.'()*+ef, IJ9KL &C

Y3gCh33 #&C NOK5=J7)

ῌ=789:;J i

YC9 27 j-.

'()* k lm!YC9 #!y9;5O# &l-.'()*

,<&MC#KqI

31

#YJ &C¡E,5PQ28)"5L-.'()* kl4)

19.5

&

C6~8

34,56 #12# 91B=&C¢£63!# 6$-.

k AGN'()*+ef="# -.'()kn"&moC9&#*¤RSTUef¥V,Wy¦$,po# & AGN

% q&'3ro&

J &§,IXY¨9o5.'(st)")*=J u-.'()*YZIX9o()*+,v-ª LHC ,«.'()*[Uef,"wxC9# LHCf §9)3F¬5­<./0= Centaurs A, Virgo A,Fornax A-+,v-O19# 12tb3L=y94z{|3F}5~
519O;67

83&O# 52 O# (©GI\J &CK(yM®O;# 96$
G]^YZ¥VKO# G,Wy¦oJ &=>?@,J G

-5<.=-5/0= AGN: Centaurs¯&GV=F°TUF_`A ,a8O# 9ok-.'()*96iYC# & Virgo A  k$c&65WXYC3# & Virgo A 3c

²,e-5<.: Virgo cluster "

AGN 5;<"# $%&k

$ 100 b<B

3O;# CCY 1%'dC# £6$±/[U)L³M&="# 96$5n´J -.'()*+=µ9fMg

WXYC#$# V9&l7&C¶,O# C=>5}n"# AGN 5

S°h0iTJ 2,03F,·¨9)¸s=>55J Mb¹bº]i 2

>@5J ?:;j 101 »j5¼PQ@R3#(@A 1261

4. ῌ

:/

῍Auger 

!"#$%&'()*+,taurs A |1rsijD<Q01 =>q5I
?^/@A`BBC-./ ?6cD-./ 0*1 Cen-

61+ 62#,23CE/61IF1L7601C

Virgo Cluster -676

40|}~)*+,234105)*0 Virgo Cluster 89:1;7NO+ T!

$_

D|5;,fgD

GQ JEM-EUSO 1nF57l

 0<=>? Auger S3*-613)

rNQ*v57/m@23A7 B/>CDDQ01C.+H/7I

E:-./ AGASA F HiRes G

De8*017

I7J


H230(C.7616IKL1>C MI2LJij"JDKQ/Auger LMC89:1/]":/C*76 NO Auger C>-_0]"NijDBAQ@DPQRDS-6

0*

/E^*+ O11PJJ

Auger @ 3 23 8 @DTUV%

M6

WXP 20 YZ[Q01NOIJ ijDB1S/+ "J

 80 2 3 180       C ij¤¥2*/Q

Q1¡3* Q¢£/¦ /8ij

7:-6 )3 Auger @D\!I§¤DR$S¨TC+ BA16I]"LE^*-6 0 Auger @

0 CE^*]"U©VD

#_-L 2010 P`aDb-6t01W2701q16I5 ª/:-$%c+ >&de'(q:/)*+7:-S-6

­!0Iq

6.kB:-6

0 TA F AGASA

7l+ L1L1()
no0pq

,fg (TA)0/S TA ij-hC

10)

/m

rsqtC7_1"noCL

u27ij-6
nowC AGN =cy7D8*/¬:/ Z3®rs11""J>(t3*£.Crs"JCu2701

¯[6° 16I01q [_rsD+ \u]+ [(KQ01LuA)*
1""JMI [62lI2u2C711), 12)3v45 1"_+ 5cM:-6-L66

F

5x6'+ <±G° C9:z{7|}~|E^*-60no4

Auger @ijDB)_;QLC2620*XYQ«u27 ¯0 Dd"JQ1^²³_Q ´ (2>µ²¥_¶·ijµ¸1`"¹¥_aµ¸ *-6/ºI661>E_»-6

PJ¼

2008  5 ¼῎῍῏ῌ1) Greisen K., 1966, Phys. Rev. Lett. 16, 7482)    1969, Proc. of 11th International
Cosmic Ray Conference3) 2007,  62, 197
4) Yamamoto T. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], 2007,Proc. of the 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference,(arXiv.0707.2638)
5) Pierre Auger Collaboration, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Lett. (arXiv:0712.1909)
6) Pierre Auger Collaboration, submitted to Astropart.
Phys. (arXiv:0712.1147)
7) Engel R. [Pierre Auger Collaboration], 2007, Proc. ofthe 30th International Cosmic Ray Conference (arXiv.
0706.1921)
8) Pierre Auger Collaboration, 2007, Sci. 318, 938 (arXiv:0711.2256v1, arXiv:0712.2843)
9) http://www.stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp/LHCf
10) http://www-ta.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/
11) Inoue S., et al., Phys. Rev. D, in press (arXiv:0701167)
12) Takami H., et al., 2006, Astrophys. J 639, 803 (arXiv:astro-ph/0506203v2)
13) http://jemeuso.riken.jp/jp/index.html

 101 5Opening a New Astronomy through Charged
ParticlesῌObservation of the Ultra-High
Energy Cosmic Rays by the Pierre Auger
Observatory
Tokonatsu YAMAMOTO
Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan
University, 8῍9῍1 Okamoto, Higashinada-ku, Kobe,Hyogo 658῍8501, Japan
Abstract : The highest energy particles in theUniverse are called Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic
Rays (UHECRs). These particles should bringenormous information of the high-energy
phenomenon in the Universe.
To reveal
mysteries of the UHECRs, the Pierre Augerobservatory has been constructed. Recent resultsfrom this project indicate the arrival direction ofthe UHECR correlates to the direction of theActive Galactic Nucleus. In this report, we
describe this observatory and discuss new imageof the Universe through UHECRs.

263