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CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS
in COVID-19 response and recovery

The COVID-19 pandemic upended global plans to review 25 years of progress toward gender equality andwomen’s empowerment, as set forth in the Beijing
Declaration and Platform for Action, adopted in 1995.
This pandemic has become a magnifier of inequalities,
particularly those based on gender and race. This posesa serious threat to women’s employment and livelihoods
as it deepens pre-existing inequalities, exposes cracks insocial, political and economic systems, and brings to lightthe collective reliance on universal and comprehensivesocial protection systems in a time of crisis. COVID-19 also
threatens to be a conflict multiplier that will precipitate
new threats and challenges to women’s security, while
also creating new opportunities and demands for women’s participation in peacemaking and peacebuilding.

Women are frontline workers and are critical to effective
response and recovery. They need to be provided safe
and secure workplaces, including occupational safety
and health training and equipment (e.g. personal protective equipment, menstrual hygiene products), as well
as decent working conditions and adequate remuneration, including equal pay for work of equal value, without discrimination. The OECD has estimated that the costto the global economy of gender-based discrimination
in social institutions is USD 6 trillion (7.5 per cent of the
global GDP).1 This is likely to be increased further by the
COVID-19 crisis.
Globally, millions of women are employed in sectors at
high risk of severe COVID-19 impact in terms of job
losses and a decline in working hours, suggesting thatwomen’s employment is likely to be hit more severely
than men’s by the current crisis.2 In the United States,
which holds the 2020 G7 Presidency, women have borne
the brunt of pandemic-related layoffs during confinement, experiencing nearly 60 per cent of jobs lost since
March across all sectors, with the most impact in retail,leisure and hospitality.3 Nearly 60 per cent of womenaround the world work in the informal economy, earningless, saving less, and at greater risk of falling into poverty.4

At the same time, women are critical to economic recovery. Across the G7, women control over 70 per cent ofconsumer spending.5 They represent 40-50 per cent of
the paid workforce and growing, and 30 per cent of small
business owners who are the dynamic engine behindsmall- or medium-sized enterprise growth globally.6
Those with caring responsibilities, informal workers,
low-income families –particularly single mothers– andyoung people are among the hardest hit. For example,
youth unemployment in the US jumped from 11.5 percent in February to 32.2 per cent in April 2020.7 Globally,
more than one in six young people have stopped working since the onset of the pandemic and those young
people who still have a job have seen their working
hours cut by 23 per cent.8 The COVID-19 crisis has also
made starkly visible that the world’s economies and themaintenance of our daily lives are built on the invisible
and under-valued unpaid labour of women and girls.
Globally, women undertake 75 per cent of unpaid careand domestic work.9 Most women are in sectors that
require face-to-face interaction (service, tourism, health)and therefore are unable to work remotely and may require additional care support for children or older family
members as they leave their homes to work.

LEADERSHIP ROLE OF THE G7
COVID-19 is an opportunity for G7 leaders to take bold,decisive and inclusive action to build a more resilient andmore equitable future. It will not be the last pandemic
or crisis we face globally, including future climate-related
challenges. The G7 is a global leader and how its members respond to COVID-19 with respect to tackling inequalities and discrimination will have implications forthe global community.
Partnerships are critical to ensure that we do not reverse
the progress we have made on gender equality andwomen’s rights. Along with governments, representatives from the private sector, workers’ organizations andcivil society play a key role in establishing an equitableand gender-transformative labour market, now increasingly reliant on digital technology.

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CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

The WE EMPOWER G7 Programme works on women’s
economic empowerment in the workplace, marketplaceand community. As part of this programme, the European Union, UN Women and the International Labour
Organization (ILO) convened Ministers, CEOs and representatives of business associations, trade unions, civilsociety and academia alongside the OECD at a virtualHigh-Level Roundtable (HLRT), “Gender Equality and
COVID-19 Crisis Response and Recovery: The G7’s Role,”on 12 May 2020.

The roundtable was hosted by UN Women Executive
Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka, European Commission Head of Service for Foreign Policy Instruments Hilde
Hardeman, and ILO Deputy Director-General for Policy
Deborah Greenfield. The two discussion groups were led
by Gabriela Ramos, UNESCO Assistant Director-Generalfor Social and Human Sciences and former OECD Chiefof Staff and Sherpa to the G20, on the topic of Womenin Business Supply Chains, and Vicky Smallman, Director
Women’s Right and Human Rights at the CanadianLabour Congress, on Women in Decent Work.

The objectives of the HLRT were to: (1) Highlight theimportant role of women’s economic empowerment
for the G7, building on recommendations from past G7
Leaders Summits, particularly the G7 Roadmap for a
Gender-Responsive Economic Environment adopted
in Taormina and the Gender Equality Advisory Councilsof the Canadian and French Governments; and (2)Exchange perspectives on how COVID-19 has impacted women in the world of work and the key role of G7
stakeholders in the immediate response and long-term
recovery.

CALL TO ACTION
HLRT participants call on G7 Member States to work cohesively, strategically and collaboratively with each other and key G7 stakeholders to promote gender equality and women’s
empowerment in COVID-19 crisis response and recovery to build a better future that is resilient and regenerative through the following actions:1.

Collect and report intersectional gender statistics and sex, age and race disaggregated data
to inform crisis response and recovery plans.
Governments, the private sector and civil society need to join forces, along with international organizations, to collect gender statistics and sex-disaggregated data to map out the impact of the crisisand to inform policy making, crisis response and recovery decisions. Such data could also help
tackle gender biases in software and artificial intelligence. The data should be evidence-based andreflect the intersectional nature of identity so that it showcases the experiences of all women andgirls and helps ensure that resources are provided to those that need it most.

2.

Ensure women’s equal representation, participation and leadership in all COVID-19 response
planning and decision making in both the public and private sector so that response andrecovery policies are effective, inclusive and responsive to the needs of all women and men,
girls and boys, particularly those from marginalized and minority backgrounds.
All institutions responsible for COVID-19 response, recovery and preparedness for future crises should
strive to have a gender balanced and intersectional approach to recruiting leaders and membersof task forces, crisis management commissions, decision-making bodies and other relevant response
teams. Women’s organizations, which are often at the front line of community and humanitarian
responses, need to be consulted and supported. Beyond the sectors immediately addressing thecrisis, there should be sustained efforts to increase the number of women holding senior leadershipand board roles in government, private sector and civil society. Affirmative action is a tool to beconsidered. This crisis provides an opportunity to address these pre-existing inequalities and harness
women’s skills, talents and perspectives as we rebuild.

CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

3

3.

Design and implement gender-responsive crisis responses, aligned with international labour
standards and intersectional approaches, with long-term solutions and stimulus packages
to tackle the new challenges posed to the changing world of work.
Governments should strive for full and productive employment, ensuring that there are safe andhealthy working conditions, minimum wages and labour rights including collective bargaining andlabour protections. Emergency and stimulus packages, as well as long term recovery strategies,
must support and protect women and other persons in vulnerable situations (e.g. migrants, refugees,
forcibly displaced persons, disability, indigenous and tribal people and other minorities), essential
workers without adequate support, and those in the informal sector who may be unable to accessresources. Policy makers at all levels must strongly consider gender-responsive budgeting to understand the differential impact of the crisis on women and budget funds accordingly.

4.

5.

Expand gender-responsive laws and invest in universal social protection.
The allocation of additional resources in COVID-19 response plans to address intersectional discrimination against women is important. This includes safeguarding of investments in effective andaffordable access to quality health care, including sexual and reproductive healthcare – modern
contraception, safe abortion, maternal health services and safe childbirth, and telemedicine. This also
includes work on the legislative side to ensure that laws are representative of the specific needs ofwomen and girls.10 Immediate income and food support is needed to avoid deepening genderinequalities, through contributory and non-contributory social protection systems, and to increase
women’s resilience to future shocks. This must include robust investments in social policies andsocial security for those in the formal and informal economies, such as access to paid sick leave,maternity protection, paid parental and family leave, affordable health coverage, unemployment
benefits, cash transfers and high-quality childcare. Mitigating the potential negative impacts of thepandemic on security and conflict is essential to improve social protection and free up resources
to be allocated to social spending.
Mitigate the pandemic’s impact on enterprises and employment, with a tailored and gender-responsive approach to reaching women-owned micro, small and medium-sized enterprises(MSMEs), including through supply chains, as well as hard-hit sectors and occupations where
women are over-represented.
The pandemic has exacerbated the existing challenges faced by women starting and running businesses in terms of access to all financial and investment products and services and supply chains.11
This also includes virtual access to free training and business networking opportunities. Creatingjobs and GDP growth is critical to the COVID-19 response and recovery to help business owners tocome back more resilient from the crisis. Access to credit, including through credit guarantees, isimportant for MSMEs which are more likely to close their businesses for an extended period with
substantially reduced or no revenue. Both governments and businesses can leverage their procurement systems and purchasing power to encourage the production of goods and services fromwomen-owned businesses and women entrepreneurs. There are many tools to promote responsible
business conduct throughout the supply chain.12

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CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

effective measures to prevent and address work-related discrimination and
6. Incorporate
violence against women and girls, ensure women’s access to justice, and allocate adequate
resources in COVID-19 national response plans with a goal of reducing the risks and “flattening the curve” of domestic violence.

As people shelter at home to “flatten the curve,” many women are at increased risk of violent behavior
behind closed doors, with little ability to leave home or reach out for help. It is imperative thatgovernments and other stakeholders meet the heightened demand for emergency shelter anddomestic violence hotlines and address gender-based violence as a key part of national and international response plans. In times of crisis and recovery, as in times of prosperity, all stakeholders
should strive to achieve a world of work free from violence and harassment.13 The pandemic cannot
be an excuse to slow down the repeal or amendment of discriminatory laws, passage of progressive
legislation that advances gender equality, or financing and monitoring of its implementation.
Women need access to affordable court systems, virtual if necessary, when their rights are violated,
including during the pandemic, and access to integrated social, psycho-social, economic, andlegal services.

7.

Ensure that economic and social recovery packages recognize and place a value on unpaid
care work and care jobs; provide adequate level of childcare and other care services; andsupport family friendly policies that engage men and domestic partners to equally share
the responsibilities of unpaid care and domestic work.
COVID-19 has laid bare the crisis of care with women bearing most of the responsibilities. We needto ensure that there is access to adequate and flexible paid parental, family and sick leave. Lack ofaccess to quality and affordable care services as well as the additional burdens of care that womencarry out are barriers to women’s full economic participation. It is important to promote investmentin the care economy, including the quality of care jobs. Advertising and other media campaigns canbe leveraged to engage men and domestic partners and address gender norms around care.

that gender equality is front and centre of learning and skills development during
8. Ensure
response and recovery.
There must be concerted efforts to improve girls’ education and access to skills development, bothin national education systems as well as through official development assistance (ODA) to ensurethat COVID-19 does not further disrupt girls’ access to education. School closings have a proportionally greater impact on girls, due to fragile situations and economic upheaval, pre-existing digital
gender gaps as well as cultural and social norms. Women and girls must have equal and affordable
access to technology and connectivity, especially as working and learning virtually will continue tobe part of our lives for the foreseeable future. Throughout the response and recovery phase, womenmust have access to skills development, including reskilling, cross-skilling and upskilling. This must
include training across sectors, including a focus on STEM jobs and entrepreneurship, with a particularemphasis on jobs that mitigate climate change.

CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

5

9.

Invite businesses to sign and implement the Women’s Empowerment Principles that foster
responsible business conduct.
The private sector and their representatives are key to response and recovery. They need to commit
to sign and implement the Women’s Empowerment Principles by ensuring gender-balanced hiring,equal pay for work of equal value, gender-responsive supply chain practices, domestic violence
policies, parental and family leave and flexible work arrangements that take into consideration
employee roles both at work and at home. This is the time to share best practices, policies and strategies to encourage companies that are hiring, retaining and promoting women from the beginningof their careers to executive level. Companies’ pandemic responses will be major determinants of
how they will be viewed by stakeholders and shareholders alike in the future.

Encourage financial stakeholders to leverage the power of capital markets and movements
10. ofresources to steer responsible business conduct and foster inclusive corporate cultures.
The “better normal” must include investing in companies with work cultures that value and prioritize
gender equality, diversity and inclusion and reflect employees’ responsibilities outside the workplace.
This includes a commitment to increasing investments in women-led enterprises and start-ups.

LINKAGES TO OTHER COVID-19 CONVENINGS
Women’s Forum for the Economy and Society
Chiara Corazza, Managing Director of the Women’s Forum for Economy and Society carried the HLRT recommendations forward to the Women’s Forum, ‘G7 Call to
Action - Beyond Recovery: Designing an Inclusive World’on 28 May 2020. The Women’s Forum for the Economy& Society is a global platform for action to highlight
women’s voices and vision and build a more inclusive
economy and society. On 28 May, the Women’s Forumbrought together thousands of committed influencers
from across sectors to address the unequal impacts of
the COVID-19 crisis, mobilizing women’s leadership acrosscountries, companies and communities at every level.
This convening was dedicated to launching the Women’s Forum call to the G7 leaders to urgently take action
on seven key issues for an inclusive recovery.
See www.womens-forum.com

Women Leaders Roundtable on COVID-19 and the Future
Gabriela Ramos, UNESCO Assistant Director-General for
Social and Human Sciences and former OECD Chiefof Staff and Sherpa to the G20, co-convened with UN
Women Executive Director Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
the Women Leaders Roundtable on COVID-19 and the
Future on 20 April 2020. The roundtable addressed thedisproportionately negative impact that the COVID-19
pandemic has on women and girls and the need to identify and prioritize policy measures that facilitate a more

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CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

gender-inclusive recovery path. The roundtable participants called on governments and stakeholders to mainstream gender equality in the response efforts to build
back better.14 They identified four key action areas: healthcare systems and care work, economic impact, gender-based violence, and women, peace and security andhumanitarian aid.

HIGH-LEVEL ROUNDTABLE PARTICIPANTS
Heather Barnabe
CEO, G(irls)20“The impact of COVID-19 will have a disproportionate impact on women and girls’ participationin the economy and thus, economic recovery policies require an intersectional, feminist lens to beeffective and support women’s economic empowerment.”

Ann Cairns
Executive Vice Chair, Mastercard“The world hasn’t been designed with women in mind or women involved. The World Economic
Forum says it will take 257 years before we reach gender parity. We must not wait that long, it’stime to act. Let’s design a better world for women, which will create a better world for everyone.
Government’s should also work with business to enable and support women owned MSME’s todigitize their businesses which increases their ability to reach new markets, access credit andtransact securely.”

Chiara Corazza
Managing Director, Women’s Forum for the Economy and Society“In the light of the COVID-19 crisis, women have to be fully associated to design a more just andinclusive economy and society. Gender divide is being exacerbated by this pandemic, and we see
how women are disproportionally impacted. The most powerful economies in the G7 countries
have to lead by example by mobilizing women’s leadership to build inclusive societies and bringback not only an economic recovery, but also dignity and justice for all. Before the crisis, 240
million jobs were expected to be created by 2025 and 28 trillion dollars were expected to be added
to the world GDP if women and men were equally represented in the economic sector. It is now
even more imperative that women are given the same opportunities as men to be the leading
force shaping the new world that humanity needs.”

Nyasha Duri
Youth Representative, G(irls)20“Working class women of colour, especially those who are from black, indigenous, and or LGTBQI+
backgrounds, often face the most challenges while being disproportionately affected, yet remaining
underserved across the board globally. We must ensure an inclusive future for everyone in all areas:
COVID-19 is a once in a lifetime chance to respond to this by doing better through our sustainable recovery.”Amanda Ellis
Global Futures Laboratory/Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University“A gender-sensitive response to COVID-19 benefits everyone! It is key to achieving a more prosperous,
equitable and sustainable world for all.”
CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

7

Anna FalthManager of WE EMPOWER – G7 and Head of the WEPs Secretariat, UN Women“COVID-19 places even more care burden on women in the home, while exposing them to greater
income insecurity and increased levels of domestic violence. We need a coordinated and people-centred approach. Business has a key role to play to ensure employee wellbeing, and address
the differentiated needs of women in their supply chains and customer base.”

Hilde Hardeman
Head of the European Commission’s Service for Foreign Policy Instruments (FPI)“We can say that the COVID-19 crisis is gender-biased looking at its impact on women-owned
businesses, on the burden women are facing during the crisis, at the increase of gender-based
violence, but the COVID crisis is also an opportunity to rebuild back better. Our efforts should now
concentrate on putting women at the centre of the recovery.”Katja Iversen,
President and CEO, Women Deliver“Women Deliver’s top recommendations to the G7 include: implement a gender lens AND marker
to all your COVID-19 response, recovery, stimulus packages; safeguard maternal, sexual and reproductive health and rights; and engage women as leaders in the whole effort. We need to use theopportunity to put good tracks down for a better and more gender equal future. Tracks thatcannot be taken up afterwards. Tracks that can lead to gender equality and economic justice forgirls and women. Because we know that a gender equal world is healthier, wealthier, more prosperous and more peaceful.”Michael Kaufman
Co-Founder, White Ribbon Campaign and author of The Time Has Come: Why Men Must Join the Gender Equality Revolution“The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the impact of women’s and men’s unequal responsibilities for caregiving work – both in the workplace (where such work continues to be economicallydevalued) and in the home (where women still do much more childcare, elderly care and domestic
work.) We must use this moment for bold initiatives to address these inequalities. The COVID-19
crisis also gives us the great opportunity to develop policies and public education to actively
promote the goal of men doing half of care work in our homes.”

Rebecca Marmot
Chief Sustainability Officer, Unilever“We don’t want the recovery to mean going back to the same old system. We need reinvention
after COVID-19 which will rely on governments, business and civil society collaborating with agility
and flexibility. One of business’ strongest contribution to the response has been through accessto jobs and livelihoods. Putting a gender lens on COVID-19 responses will ensure that existing
inequalities are not exacerbated, and move us towards a more gender-equal society.”

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CALL TO ACTION
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Paolo Mascaro
President of Valore D

Phumzile Mlambo-Ngcuka
United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women“The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a crisis reaching far beyond health, challenging fundamental aspects of the ways in which we have previously arranged our social and economic
structures. Women earn less, save less, hold less secure jobs and are more likely to be employedin the informal economy with less access to social protections. I call on leaders at the virtual G7
Summit to explicitly recognize this and ensure that their COVID-19 response intentionally, strongly
and permanently redresses these long-standing inequalities in order to create inclusive, equal andmore resilient societies.”

Irene Natividad
President, Global Summit of Women“This pandemic revealed that the largest cohort of employers globally are small and medium-sized enterprises, not major corporations. Well, women-owned businesses comprise 30 per centof SMEs, the dynamic engine behind small business growth around the world, so let’s work todevelop and to sustainably grow more them in the post-COVID-19 economy.”

Gabriela Ramos
UNESCO Assistant Director-General for Social and Human Sciences and former OECD Chief of Staff and Sherpa to the G20“Women have been at the forefront of the fight against the pandemic as they take on the majorityof care work – paid and unpaid. Unfortunately, we know that even prior to the crisis they were
not fairly compensated for taking on this unequal burden of care. The COVID-19 crisis has only
magnified these inequalities. Women are also disproportionately affected as essential workers,
smaller-scale entrepreneurs, and employees in tourism, air travel, and retail, for various reasons
including lack of social protection or lack of financing. We need to apply a gender lens in our recovery efforts. Let’s turn this crisis into an opportunity to redress the inequalities that women face.”

Guy Ryder
Director-General, International Labour Organization“The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare in the cruelest way the extraordinary precariousness andinjustices of our world of work. It has similarly highlighted the always essential role of the working
heroes of this pandemic. People who are usually invisible, unconsidered, undervalued, even ignored.
Health and care workers, cleaners, supermarket cashiers, unpaid carers in their homes and communities – a large majority of women, frequently migrant workers, too often numbered among theworking poor and the insecure. The ILO calls for a human-centred COVID-19 response and recovery
that builds a better normal and tackles these injustices and the challenges of climate, digital anddemographic transition.”

CALL TO ACTION
FOR G7 STAKEHOLDERS

9

Marlène Schiappa
Minister of State for Gender Equality and the Fight against Discrimination in France“Gender equality remains a foreign policy priority for France in the context of this crisis. Even though
the current pandemic reshuffled the G7’s agenda, women’s empowerment should not be set aside,
especially when considering a coordinated approach towards economic recovery. We know theconsequences of the pandemic on women’s economic empowerment: women are at the frontline to respond to the crisis in a lot of sectors, including the health sector, and at the same time they
have to deal with an increase of domestic care work at home. During the 2019 French G7 Presidency,
G7 leaders adopted the Biarritz Partnership for Gender Equality, including a compendium ofnational legislative measures and actions. France will keep promoting it and encourage othercountries to join.”

Vicky Smallman
National Director, Women’s and Human Rights Department, Canadian Labour Congress“The COVID-19 pandemic has laid bare the impacts of an economic model that privileges growthover community, profit over people. It has underscored the important roles that decent work, social
protection, robust public services and social dialogue can play in building strong, resilient economies
and communities. The pandemic is not gender neutral – so we need a gender-responsive recovery.
The traditional, patriarchal “shovel-ready” stimulus packages are not appropriate.”

Sara Tanan
Youth Representative, G(irls)20“The Covid-19 pandemic is deepening economic, social and political pre-existing inequalities aroundthe world and is having a devastating impact on women and girls, especially those from disadvantaged and marginalized communities. This is why global national responses to the crisis must be
inclusive, accessible and receptive to all women’s needs. From healthcare and education services
to economic subsidies and access to critical technologies, from policies providing protection against
gender-based violence to those preventing intersectional discrimination against women in allsocial, economic and political spheres, we demand the G7 leaders provide more equal solutions
for women of all backgrounds.”

Mischa Thompson
Director of Global Partnerships, Policy and Innovation at the Commission on Security
and Cooperation in Europe (U.S. Helsinki Commission)“This crisis only serves to highlight how women continue to lead whether as heads of state, in theworkplace or in the home.”Bis este senet expererfere soleste dolora si suntur aut optas corerehe

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CALL TO ACTION
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References
1.

OECD Development Centre, June 2016, ‘The economic cost of gender-based discrimination in social institutions’
https://www.oecd.org/dev/development-gender/SIGI_cost_final.pdf

2.

ILO, 2020, The COVID-19 response: Getting gender equality right for a better future for women at work.

3.

In Looming Economic Downturn Will Hit Women Hardest as They Make Up Majority of Job Losses Across All But Three Sectors.
https://iwpr.org/looming-economic-downturn-will-hit-women-hardest-as-they-make-up-majority-of-job-losses-across-all-but-three-sectors/

4.

ILO, Women and Men in the Informal Economy: A Statistical Picture (third edition, 2018) and ILO, COVID-19 crisis and the informal economy. Immediate responses andpolicy challenges, 2020.

5.

Bloomberg, Top 10 things everyone should know about women consumers,
https://www.bloomberg.com/company/stories/top-10-things-everyone-know-women-consumers/, 11 January 2018

6.

The World Bank, “Labor Force, Female (% of Total Labor Force), World” The World Bank Databank (2019). World Bank Enterprise Surveys, 2018.

7.

US Bureau of Labor Statistics, www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.nr0.htm

8.

ILO: More than one in six young people out of work due to COVID-19,
https://www.ilo.org/global/about-the-ilo/newsroom/news/WCMS_745879/lang --en/index.html, 27 May 20209.

Social Institutions and Gender Index, OECD Development Centre, https://www.genderindex.org/

10.

The Biarritz Partnership for Gender Equality, https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/en/french-foreign-policy/french-g7-presidency/the-biarritz-partnership-for-gender-equality/#:~:text=The%20Biarritz%20Partnership,and%20women %20around%20the%20world. 201911.

Affirmative Finance Action for Women in Africa, African Development Bank Group,https://www.afdb.org/en/news-keywords/afawa-affirmative-finance-action -women-africa

12.

OECD Due Diligence Guidance for Responsible Business Conduct, OECD, https://mneguidelines.oecd.org/OECD-Due-Diligence-Guidance-for-Responsible-Business-Conduct.pdf, 2018. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, OECD, https://www.oecdwatch.org/oecd-ncps/the-oecd-guidelines-for-mnes/#:~:text=The%20
OECD%20Guidelines%20for%20Multinational,labour%20rights%2C%20and%20the%20environment, 2011.

13.

International Labour Organization, Violence and Harassment Recommendation, 2019 (No. 206).

14.

Press release: Women Leaders’ Virtual Roundtable on COVID-19 and the Future issues call to put women and girls at the centre of response efforts, UN Women,
https://www.unwomen.org/en/news/stories/2020/4/press-release-women-leaders-virtual-roundtable-on-covid-19, 21 April 2020.

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