Recommendationsof theEU-Japan Business Round Table
to the Leaders of the European Union and Japan
Brussels, 11 July 2017
Working Party 3
Digital Innovation and Mobility(Final Version)

Working Party Leaders:Mr. Frédéric SANCHEZ
Chairman of the Executive Board
Fives GroupMr. Masahiro KOEZUKA
Corporate Executive Advisor
Fujitsu Limited

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List of Abbreviations
Abbreviation Meaning
AI
AIOTI
API
BASA
BCR
BRT
CARATS
DEI
DSM
EASA
ENISA
EPA
ePR
EU
FTA
IoT
ITA
ITAC
FLM
GDPR
GPS
JCAB
METI
MEXT
MOU
M2M
NIS
SCC
SESAR
SME
R&D
WP

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Artificial Intelligence
Alliance for IoT Innovation
Application Programming Interface
Bilateral Aviation Safety Agreement
Binding Corporate Rules
EU-Japan Business Round Table
Collaborative Action for Renovation of Air
Transport Systems
Digitising Europe Industry
Digital Single Market
European Aviation Safety Agency
European Union Agency for Network andInformation Security
Economic Partnership Agreement
ePrivacy Regulations
European Union
Free Trade Agreement
Internet of Things
Information Technology Agreement
the IoT Acceleration Consortium
Forced Localization Measures
General Data Protection Rules
Global Positioning System
Japan Civil Aviation Bureau
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports,
Science and Technology
Memorandum of Understanding
Machine to Machine
Network Information Security
Standard Contract Clause
Single European Sky ATM Research
Small and Medium-sized Enterprise
Research and Development
Working Party

Introduction
Digital Sector
Digital technologies represented by IoT, Big Data, AI and Robotics are changing
business and society. The EU and Japan have positioned the digital agenda as apillar of their respective growth strategies while reviewing and implementing
appropriate regulations to foster digitalization. Recently, new initiatives, such
Industry 4.0 in Europe and Society 5.0 in Japan, are re-thinking the way modern
societies will manufacture and create new economic value. This will strongly affectcivil societies and social policies with significant impact on the Jobs Market. This
needs to be supported by efficient political initiatives from Governments.
The BRT thinks that all digital related policies should take into consideration
globalisation and inclusive growth. In addition to sharing a common recognition of
the effect of IoT and AI among others, on society, on jobs and the economy, the EU
and Japan should specify the areas for cooperation and endeavour to create
concrete projects.
The EU and Japan should lead the discussion of the development of the global
digital economy. This should include global digital rule making by taking
coordinated actions based on common principles to fully exploit the potential ofsocial transformation by digital technology at several international fora. The EU andJapan share the same principle that the multi-stakeholder approach is highly
effective in realizing the global digital economy. Following the direction prepared
during the last G7 meeting in Taormina (Italy),“G7 people centered action plan on
innovation, skills and labour”, the EU and Japan should adopt concrete actions andinvestments in particular on the creation of adequate skills to fill the gap with theactual demand from labour market and to better involve developing countries.
The BRT also welcomes the new initiative of the European Commission, “Digitising
European Industry” (DEI), and Japan’s Connected Industries. For DEI, it isimportant to combine initiatives at European and National-Local level with betteralignment and coherence of funding available and a strong Public-Private
collaboration. The European Commission and the Government of Japan areencouraged to foster key collaborations.
Role of Innovation
The EU and Japan face similar societal challenges such as aging populations andclimate change. To address these complex global issues, governments should
harness the innovation capacity of the private sector by fostering a better R&D
business environment. Given the critical roles of digital technology, such as IoT, insupporting other sectors, the BRT urges both sides’ authorities to mobilize allnecessary tools for the development and deployment of innovative solutions andproducts.
Funding programmes such as Horizon 2020 and its Japanese counterpart
Programmes for International Cooperation on Research and Innovation should
increase the efforts towards open collaboration between the EU and Japan.
Funding programmes to finance innovation and collaboration is crucial. Supporting
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the participation of both SMEs and big Industry is essential for the success in
adopting the results of R&D Public Programmes and convert them into economic
growth and jobs creation. Developing new mechanisms to help to facilitate new
R&D outputs to the market is a further area of focus.
Facilitating bilateral R&D collaboration and pilot projects with the participation ofacademia, public and private sectors will contribute to the creation of innovative
products and services that can be deployed in both regions and also in the rest of
the world. The BRT encourages the European Commission and the Japanese
Government to keep on investing in common Calls for Proposals such as the EUJapan Horizon 2020 Calls that should be present in the new Work Program 20182020 and in the next Framework Programme.
The BRT also suggests fostering EU-Japan Programmes for a mutual exchange of
Researchers, PhDs and students in order to allow for better collaboration inparticular in certain areas of common interest such as Healthcare, Robotics and IoT.
Regulatory cooperation between the EU and Japan will also facilitate thedeployment of new services and products.
Aeronautics
We uphold all previous years’ recommendations.
Europe's aeronautics industry is a major supplier to the world market, and Japan
with its many advanced technologies may soon follow in its footsteps. Both,however, are challenged by aggressive new entrants. In this context, joint
technology and project development is necessary for both sides to maintain theirtechnological leadership and competitiveness. EU-Japan industrial cooperation
already exists in helicopters and aeroengines, but there is much more potential.
More government-led cooperation and continued support from both sides'
Authorities is needed to help the European and Japanese aircraft industries bring tofruition the development of their relationship while meeting the EU's environmental,social, and safety requirements.
Space
The EU and the Japanese space industries are major suppliers of space products
and services. The global commercially accessible space market, however, is small
with limited growth prospects. As government budgets remain low and competition
increases, mutually open markets and cooperation are necessary for the EU andJapan to achieve their goals in space and for their industries to realize their fullpotential in the global market. We are certainly satisfied with the creation and first two
meetings of the EU-Japan Space Policy Dialogue, which were fruitful and enabled
the two bills enacted to be coherent with the EU legal framework towards space. We
also appreciate that the outcome of discussions held in Japan regarding the Approvalof Satellite Launch Service Providers was finally fair and consistent with last year’s
BRT recommendation on this subject.

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Recommendations from both
European and Japanese industries
WP-3 / # 01* / EJ to EJ

Cooperation for Global Digital Trade Rule Making

With rising protectionist sentiment and a growing undercurrent of distrust surrounding
trade, the EU and Japan are required to demonstrate that improved trade relations
can bring great value to the mutual benefit of economy and society.
The BRT has serious concerns that some countries are implementing Forced
Localization Measures (FLMs). Those measures could become a real threat to thedigital trade. Maintaining the business environment to realize adequate “cross-borderdata flows” is imperative for multinational companies and for citizens who consume
services offered by global players. The BRT thinks that the principles of free flow ofdata and the restriction of a mandatory requirement of data localization will be one of
the foundations of the digital economy.
The BRT supports the introduction of rules for e-commerce and cross-border dataflows in trade Agreements. This will allow tackling new forms of digital protectionism
while respecting data protection rules.
The BRT requests both sides’ Authorities to lead global rule making by incorporating
provisions to restrict digital protectionism such as FLMs into EPA negotiations
respective parties are engaged in or the TiSA negotiation, and jointly approach theabolishment of such regulations.
The BRT welcomes the efforts of the EU and Japan, as historic partners with ashared commitment to open, fair and free trade, including in digital goods andservices, to strengthen their cooperation by completing an ambitious EU-Japan
EPA/FTA. We believe the agreement offers a valuable chance to demonstrate themutual benefit of open and fair trade—including digital agendas aspects—and set an
example for future cooperation with and between other regions.
The BRT welcomes that the EU and Japan finished the necessary domestic
procedure to implement the expanded ITA, and also welcomes efforts to increase its
membership countries.
< Recent Progress >In May 2015, the 23rd Japan EU Summit was held in Tokyo. The EU and Japanemphasized their determination to combat all forms of protectionism.
In October 2015, the European Commission released a trade strategy “Trade forAll”, where it addressed digital protectionism and sought to use FTA and the TiSA to
set rules on e-commerce and cross-border data flows.
At the G7 Ise-Shima Leaders’ Declaration, leaders endorsed G7 Principles andActions on Cyber and commit to take actions.

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At the G7 Summit in Taormina, Italy on 27 May 2017, important progress has
been made to avoid protectionist measures. During the high level meeting, a genericbut important declaration was decided to prevent negative consequences on digitaltrade.
< Background >Thanks to the digital economy, today’s business environment is evolving at
exceptional speed. Information, goods, and services are more global than everbefore. In the trade environment, digital trade - intended as for example cross-borderdata flows and e-commerce - is growing exponentially around the world. It is
important to emphasize though that digital trade does not only positively impact thedigital technology sector, but also has a positive spin-off effect on the entire value
chain and across all industries and players, including consumers and employees.
Digital trade has a positive effect on the quality of goods and services andproductivity levels thanks to new technologies, processes, business models, andservices. Thus digital trade has great potential to bring new growth and prosperity toEurope and Japan. However, the true potential of digital trade to drive innovation, job
creation, and economic growth has yet to be fully realized. Indeed, barriers persist,and protectionist trends and policies are on the rise.
Several countries are trying to implement digital protectionist policies. To spreadthe fruit of digital technology all over the world, modernized and harmonized rules areindispensable so that business can offer innovative solutions without unnecessary
burdens to meet specific local requirements.
WP-3 / # 02* / EJ to EJ
EconomyPrivacy Protection and Innovation towards Digital

The BRT welcomes the fact that revisions and implementation of the data protection
regulations are underway both in the EU and Japan, and also welcomes intensive
dialogues are conducted by both authorities.
The BRT requests the EU and Japan that implementation of regulations create atrusted, harmonized and future-proof set of data protection environments both for the
EU and Japan as we believe that modern and flexible regulation has the potential toact as a catalyst for growth, jobs and innovation both in the EU and Japan.
GDPR implementation
The BRT welcomes the work and the approach of WP29 allowing all stakeholders tocontribute through public consultations in preparing the Guidelines for the
implementation of the GDPR.
It is crucial that the GDPR is implemented in a harmonised manner across EU
Member States. This is important in order to fully take advantage of the cross borderbusiness opportunities. In this sense the BRT encourages the European Commission
and WP29 to monitor the implementation acts where Member States can interpretthe new Regulation based on the Guidelines from WP29 in order to assure as much

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harmonisation as possible and avoid to create different market conditions in different
Member States.
The BRT supports the notion that one of the important steps in data protection is toconclude international data transfer agreements.
Rulemaking for the facilitation of cross border transfer of personal data
The BRT requests the establishment of a cross border personal data mechanism
between the EU and Japan as soon as possible to complement the EU-Japan
FTA/EPA negotiation.
While the BRT understands the importance of an Adequacy Decision as amechanism for transferring Personal Data, we encourage the European Commission
to keep on working on the direction of its recent Communication by considering
alternative mechanisms such as a certification mechanism and a code of conduct,
and adopting flexible negotiations tailored to the different legislative environments
and sectorial needs.
The BRT welcomes the European Commission’s communication “Exchanging andProtecting Personal Data in a Globalised World” to the European Parliament andCouncil on the 10 January 2017. The communication clearly defines the strategy of
the Commission to achieve as soon as possible International Data Transfer
Agreements with key countries in both Asia (Japan & Korea) and Latin America. As
there is a clear link between International Data Transfer and the General Data
Protection Regulation (GDPR), there is a solid basis for reaching an agreement thatworks for each country.
With GDPR considered as a basis, we have now a 'toolkit' of mechanisms to transfer
personal data from the EU to third countries (e.g. adequacy decisions, standard
contractual clauses, binding corporate rules, certification mechanisms and codes ofconduct). While adequacy decisions remain the Commission’s preferred option, othermechanisms will also be considered. This will provide more flexibility during thenegotiations in particular with countries that do not consider adequacy as the only
way forward. For example, the GDPR provides the possibility to extend Standard
Contractual Clauses (SCCs), especially in the case of processor-to processor
services (e.g. Cloud service providers). In addition it allows for the use of Binding
corporate rules (BCRs) not only within a Corporate Group but between different
Companies as well.
The BRT welcomes the EU-Japan joint Statement released on the 20 March 2017confirming the strong political commitment in finding the best solution to allow Free
Flow of personal Data between the EU and Japan.
The BRT also expects that it will take into account during the negotiations between
the UK and the EU that there will be no hinder to the smooth transfer of data between
the EU and the UK.
Furthermore, both sides' Authorities should strengthen their dialogue to realize
consistent personal data protection regimes around the world, to assure
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interoperability and to address digital protectionism through enhanced cooperation
with third countries and international organizations.
ePrivacy Regulation
Regarding the potential ePrivacy regulation (ePR), it is essential that there is no
duplication of the GDPR and that no undue restrictions are placed on businesses.
While to the respect of private life remains at the core of the ePR, this right must be
effectively balanced with the other rights within the Charter of Fundamental Rights asunderlined by the Court of Justice of the EU and in line with international humanrights law.
Broadly including M2M communications into the scope of the ePR could mean thatvarious products and services that contain built-in M2M communication features like
automated supply chains, remote control or operation of machines might be coveredby the legislation. This does not seem to be consistent with the purpose andobjective of the ePR. We see the risk that the inclusion of M2M communications andapplying provisions as currently worded would lead to unworkable situations inpractice and render standard processes and developments of Industry 4.0 impossible.
We suggest a clarification that products and services containing an M2M platform do
not fall within the scope of the ePR.
< Recent Progress >There has been good progress on this recommendation.
The General Data Protection Regulation will be effective on 25 May 2018. Several
guidelines for implementation were released by the Article 29 Working Party.
Japan’s revised Act on the Protection of Personal Information was effective on
May 30 2017.
On 10 January 2017, the European Commission issued communication“Exchanging and Protecting Personal Data in a Globalised World”.
On 20 March 2017, the European Commission and the Government of Japan
released Japan-EU Joint Press Statement on Facilitating the Free Flow of Data.
At Japan-EU Leaders Meeting on 26 May 2017 in Taormina, Italy, both leadersconfirmed that free flow of data is important for EU-Japan economy relations andagree to continue discussion for reciprocal smooth data transfer mechanism while
protecting appropriate personal data protection.
< Background >The original personal data protection laws were adopted before the technicaladvancement of internet and cloud computing. Since then, citizens have become
more concerned about privacy protection, and the differences in regulations bycountries in various jurisdictions have caused an increase in compliance costs.

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Those differences have become obstacles to efficient global operation and innovation
utilising data. Reviewing the regulations is thus needed.

WP-3 / # 03 / EJ to EJ

Cybersecurity of Critical Infrastructure

The BRT welcomes that the EU and Japan share their views on the importance ofcybersecurity measures for critical infrastructure and take action for improved
resilience.
Cloud computing services are under the scope of the NIS Directive. Detailed
provisions will be specified by EU Member States. NIS Directive is a vital Directive to
mitigate risk of Cyber Attacks. The European Commission should work to ensureharmonised implementation in the Member States.
International cooperation is effective in coping with high-level attacks. The BRT
requests to actively conduct educational activities such as public-private joint
seminars. A sharing scheme should be created between the national contact points
designated in each Member States based on the NIS directive on the one hand andJapan on the other.
The BRT also requests that both sides' Authorities enhance the quality and volume ofhuman talent in the cybersecurity area.
< Recent Progress>
There has been good progress on this recommendation.
The NIS Directive entered into force in August 2016. The DSM mid-term review on
10 May 2017 mentions that by September 2017, the European Commission will
review the EU Cybersecurity Strategy and the mandate of European Union Agency
for Network and Information Security (ENISA),The GoJ revised its Cybersecurity Basic Act in April, 2016.
At G7 Summit in Taormina, Italy, G7 Leaders agreed to work together with other
Partners to tackle cyberattacks and mitigate their impact on our critical infrastructures
and the well­being of our societies.
< Background >With the diffusion of IoT, the fusion of real space and cyberspace is accelerating.
Risks surrounding cyberspace are increasing.
Critical infrastructures sustain citizen’s life and economic activities.
The
impediments of their operations because of cyber-attacks, etc., are serious threats tosociety. It means that defending critical infrastructures from cyber threats is
indispensable for maintaining the business operations and a stable civil society.
As the entities conducting cyber-attacks act globally, and their attacks become
more and more advanced, addressing these serious issues requires sustained andclose international cooperation between the public and private sectors.
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WP-3 / # 04 / EJ to EJ
Fundamental Reform of the Private Copying Levy
System (Compensation System for Private Copying)
The EU and Japan should cooperate to thoroughly reform the private copying levy
system taking into account the evolution of technology and distribution channels forlawful digital contents. Expansion of the current levy system to new devices or cloudservices should be avoided prior to the fundamental reform of the system.
Any review for reform should consider, in a comprehensive manner, alternative
methods – including new content distribution practices – available to securecompensation for rights’ holders and creators from private copying as well as thedevelopment of licensed cloud-based content streaming models. Increasing theavailability of lawful digital content will require a reform of the existing copyright
regime in the EU as well as in Japan. The aim of the reform should be to promote
open and competitive markets in licensed digital content, with the aim to increaseavailability of more legitimate digital content, at prices which appeal to consumers
and hereby promote innovation and growth of digital creative market. The goal
should be to enable the establishment of a system which is transparent and fair toconsumers, rights holders, and service and equipment providers.
< Background >Current compensation is based on private copying levies and sometimes dates
back to the analogue era. Private copying levy regulations do not address piracy.
New emerging and expanding business models may be hindered by the current levy
system. In addition the rules vary greatly across EU and this is in contradiction with
the Internal Market principles of free movement of goods and services.

WP-3 / # 05* / EJ to EJ

Cooperation Towards Digital Economy

The framework for cooperation in the Digitising European Industry (DEI) should be
expanded upon to allow for an exchange of ideas, best displayed in the Digital
Innovation Hubs. Bottom up innovation is crucial here as it will allow the various
stakeholders to play to their strengths.
The central goal of DEI is to ensure new technologies are integrated and expanded
throughout the European economy. An essential condition for success rests incollaboration between various actors.
Taking note of the European Commission’s 2017 Digital Transformation Scoreboard,
we must ensure cybersecurity is central in our efforts regarding the DEI initiative. We
must create a safe environment for both businesses and European citizens.
The BRT supports the priority actions identified by DEI: ICT Standards, eGovernment
action plan and the Cloud Initiative which will hopefully make it easier to do business
in Europe and spur entrepreneurship. The BRT shares the focus on Public Private
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Partnerships and Digital innovation Hubs as drivers for new investment in innovationand digital solutions.
The European Commission and the Government of Japan are encouraged to foster
key collaborative projects under DEI and Connected Industries.
Finally, any policies related to the DEI and Connected Industries initiative should notplace undue restrictions on innovation and its bottom up nature.
< Recent Progress >In April 2016 the Digitising Europe Industry (DEI) initiative sought to offer concrete
steps towards completing the DSM. Chief among the various initiatives stand theEuropean Cloud Initiative, Industry 4.0, and the Digital Innovation Hubs.
The European Commission released its mid-term review of its Digital Single
Market strategy on 10 May 2017 and identified to develop the European Data
Economy to its full potential as one of major challenges.
In March 2017, METI of Japan introduced Connected Industries as a new vision
for the future of Japanese Industries.
At the joint statement released on 20 March 2017, both authorities confirmed theimportance of data and committed to a continuous exchange of views.

WP-3 / # 06* / EJ to EJ

Skill Development for Digital Economy

The BRT welcomes the Digital Skills and Jobs Coalition Initiative that brings together
Member States, companies, social partners, non-profit organisations and education
providers, who take action to tackle the lack of digital skills in Europe.
In this sense the BRT encourages the European Commission and the Japanese
Government to take common actions to guarantee innovative ways to create newskills for new jobs and prepare the young generation to meet the new challenges
related to the Digital evolution. New technologies such as Robotics, and Artificial
Intelligence should be perceived as new opportunities to create better jobs andeconomic growth. To keep all generations close to the new jobs market conditions it
is crucial that all actors (Universities, Digital Clusters, Governments, Public
Authorities, Unions, Industry and SMEs Associations) work together to find solutions
to guarantee a harmonised match between offer and demand for new jobs and avoid
resistance to change and innovation. Joint initiatives and cross border collaborations
should be reinforced in order to find resources and new ways to create the rightcompetences for new jobs. Gender equality should be guaranteed as equal
opportunities for everybody, ensuring there is no discriminations.
< Recent Progress >This is a new recommendation.

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< Background >Digital technologies represented by IoT, Big Data, AI and Robotics are changing
business and society. It is expected some of the current jobs will be replaced by AI
and Robots. Both Authorities have to address concerns of these disruptive changes
represent for the working environment. Without taking certain actions, disparities may
spread among our societies.

WP-3 / # 07 / EJ to EJ

Building Connectives for Digital Society (5G)

The BRT requests that the EU and Japan should reinforce initiatives regarding
sharing of progress towards 5G commercial service, e.g. through sharing of trials
plans and results.
- The EU and Japan should reinforce cooperation regarding these initiatives andpromote events in this domain.
< Recent Progress >This is a new recommendation.
< Background >Telecom operators are working hard to prepare the deployment of 5G networks
with standardized equipment to achieve an enhanced user experience, andenhanced network performance and operation, especially to ensure it is energy
efficient. This will enable
new services (new IoT services, services for verticals,
ultra-low-cost networks) and ensure forward compatibility for future 5G releases.

Innovation in General
WP-3 / # 08 * / EJ to EJ

Seamless Approach Towards Digital Society

Innovative solutions and products can contribute to the realization of a prosperous
digital society only after social implementation is completed. Therefore seamless andcomprehensive approaches from innovation creation to social deployment are
required.
Funding programmes such as Horizon 2020 and its Japanese counterpart
Programmes for international cooperation on research and innovation should
increase the efforts towards open collaboration between the EU and Japan.
The EU and Japan should reinforce initiatives regarding open innovation between
large companies, universities and startups.

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- The EU, its members, and Japan should share information regarding the main
initiatives in this domain with a focus on initiatives respectively sponsored.
- The EU, its members, and Japan should reinforce cooperation.
The BRT hopes that initiatives under Horizon 2020 and Japan’s 5th Science andTechnology Basic Plan will lead to further EU-Japan strategic R&D cooperation.
Both sides’ Authorities should specifically favour joint R&D programmes that are
geared towards international standardisation such as standardisation in advanced
manufacturing, the Internet of Things and Cybersecurity. Regulatory cooperation
between the EU and Japan will facilitate digitalization of society by deployment of
new services and products in both regions.
< Recent Progress >In May 2015, The EU and Japan signed a joint declaration concerning R&D andcooperation for standardization called “A strategic cooperation on the future
generation of communication network (5G)”.
On 20 March 2017, the IoT Acceleration Consortium (ITAC) and the Alliance for
IoT Innovation (AIOTI) of the EU signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) for
IoT Cooperation. At the joint statement released on 20 Mar 2017 by the both
authorities welcomed this MOU.
Japan’s Cabinet Office has adopted its 5th Science and Technology Basic Plan inlate January 2016. It outlines Japan’s science and technology approach for the next
5 years.
< Background >The EU and Japan share common societal challenges such as an aging
population, climate change, resources constraints, etc. Science, Technology andInnovation are engines for growth. Enhancing cooperation between the EU andJapan will increase possibilities to create new products and services addressing
complex issues.
Countries can more effectively use their human resources and financial funds if
their R&D programmes are coordinated and if mutual access to R&D programmes iseasier for participants from both regions.
Start-ups, for their part, are at the leading edge of new market developments.
Their agility allows them to develop innovative services on short notice. Developers,
whether they work for major companies, IT service companies, digital agencies orstart-ups, are keen to optimize their development cycles using APIs so they cangenerate usage value for their applications and services. The open innovation
approach therefore makes it possible to rapidly develop novel solutions, which willdraw on the best elements of the network and offer clients innovations that are
simpler and more intuitive, which focus on usage and respond to their needs forexperience and information in real time. It is a lever of change and an accelerator ofinnovation for the benefit of customers. Innovative solutions developed by start-ups
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and personal life upside down: the Cloud and connected objects, augmented reality,
big data and the ability to analyse and edit data rapidly. Cooperative innovation
should also form part of a win-win relationship. Open innovation and collaboration
with start-ups will be beneficial for both start-ups and large companies.

Aeronautics
WP-3/ # 09/ EJ to EJ Government-Led Industrial Cooperation in Aeronautics
The Authorities of Japan and the EU should establish a permanent dialogue aiming
to significantly upgrade the scale of EU-Japan industrial cooperation in aeronautics
based upon mutual trust, equality and mutual benefits, and stimulated by government
funding. This should include a broad cooperation on environmental issues.
<Recent Progress>
Some progress has been made on this recommendation.
<Background>
Europe's aeronautics industry has long been a major supplier to the world market.
Japan also has many advanced technologies. Both are challenged by new entrants.
In this context, joint technology and project development are necessary for bothsides' companies to maintain technological leadership and competitiveness, and forgovernments faced with severe budgetary constraints. Some Europe-Japan industrial
cooperation exists in helicopters and aero engines but the potential is much greater.
EU-Japan industrial cooperation in civil airliners has stagnated since the early
2000s, when 15 Japanese suppliers joined the A380 programme. The situation isbetter for Japanese participation in engine programmes and as suppliers of carbon
fibre materials. The aerospace industries of other countries have improved
significantly in recent years and price competitiveness has become a key decision
criterion.
Europe and Japan support mostly separate research programmes onenvironmental issues, from noise to emissions. We believe that the eco-technology at
all aircraft speeds is one of the fields where further cooperation between Europe andJapan could yield significant cooperation and business opportunities.
WP-3 / # 10 / EJ to EJ Cooperation in Aircraft Certification
Cooperation between Japanese and European aircraft certification authorities should
be upgraded. Specifically, the BRT recommends the signature of a Bilateral Aviation
Safety Agreement (BASA) between the JCAB and the EASA that would cover bothtype certification and maintenance activities.
< Recent Progress >Significant progress has been made towards a BASA between Japan and the EU.
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< Background >There is a bilateral agreement between US and Japanese civil aviation authorities
that facilitates the mutual acceptance of the other party’s certification basis, while
there is only a working arrangement between Europe (EASA) and Japan (JCAB) thatproves extremely difficult to work with. Validation by JCAB of European Type certified
aircraft is a very lengthy process. In particular, validation of EASA-certified new
optional equipment for helicopters whose Type Certificates are already validated by
JCAB should be almost automatic, but instead the Japanese authority requires areview of all the technical documentation before approval. This is often the cause ofdelivery delays of the products to Japan and may at times preclude European
manufacturers from fairly competing in public tenders, due to stringent delivery
requirements. Moreover, Japan is probably the only country in the world where theRotorcraft Flight Manuals must be translated into the local language and approved by
the local authority, again representing an obstacle to helicopter imports.

WP-3 / # 11/ EJ to EJ Cooperation on Navigation Regulations for Helicopters
Establish an increased level and better cooperation between Europe and Japan on
the development of low altitude IFR routes and satellite based navigation regulations
for helicopters.
<Recent Progress>
There has been progress on this recommendation. Europe’s SESAR air traffic
management systems programme and Japan’s CARATS committee on future air
traffic systems established a framework for technical cooperation.
< Background >The US, Europe and Japan are working on developing their own regulations andinfrastructure without an adequate level of exchange of information andstandardisation. European and Japanese territories have more similarities than eachhas with the US, so that Europe and Japan should work more closely and with ashared approach. Many European helicopters are already equipped with the
hardware to interface with ground based / satellite based infrastructure alreadyestablished to allow low altitude IFR routes, Point-in-Space navigation and GPS
precision approaches, but that may prove useless if there is no cross recognition ofstandards and regulations (software) between the countries.
It is expected by the aviation industries that the bilateral agreement between
EASA and JCAB will move forward.

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SpaceWP-3 / # 12 / EJ to EJ Regulatory Cooperation in Space Operations
Europe and Japan should not lose the momentum and continue to cooperate closelyon regulatory matters in the space sector.
< Recent Progress >The Space Activities Act has now been passed and will come into effect inNovember 2018. The registration process for space actors will open in November
2017. The Satellite Remote-sensing act, dealing with Earth Observation activities andincluding the legal basis of Japanese involvement in the Global Navigation Satellite
System (GNSS), has also been enacted.
< Background >As healthy EU-Japan trade and cooperation in space services calls for common
legislative and regulatory ground, we welcome the new Japanese space regulations
which are deemed to be in line with the EU positions uttered within the EU-Japan
Space Policy Dialogue held on 7 October 2014 and 8 March 2016.
The Space Activities Act and the Satellite Remote-sensing act appear congruent withwhat the EU Authorities expected. Notably, the licensing process of space actors
authorized to collaborate with Japanese counterparts is deemed fair and inaccordance with European legal backbones.

WP-3 / # 13 / EJ to EJ Mutual Backup of Government Satellite Launches
Japanese and EU Authorities should bring about a mutual backup cooperation
scheme of government launches using Japanese and European launcher fleets.
< Recent Progress >No progress has been seen on this recommendation.
< Background >Europe's launcher Ariane 5 and Japan’s H-IIA are in an arrangement to back upeach other's commercial satellite launches. This reduces the risk of long launchdelays due to launcher technical problems. Discussions between the MEXT and theEuropean Space Agency towards a similar back-up arrangement for government
launch missions have been going on for many years but have not yet produced
results.

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Recommendations from
European industry
Aeronautics
WP-3 / # 14 / E to EJ

Weight Restrictions on Haneda Airport D Runway

Haneda D runway weight restrictions are an obstacle to the use of European-madeaeroplanes and an obstacle to further development of international traffic at Haneda.
These weight restrictions should be re-examined to allow the operations of new andlarger airplanes such as Airbus-made A380 and A350. We request both sides’
Authorities in charge to cooperate in making the necessary verifications. Additionally,
for the newest mid-size A350 aircraft, operation could be possible with the reverification of the withstand load with regards to part of the construction.
< Resent Progress>
No progress has been seen on this recommendation. However, the recent
approval of the 747-8i (Code F aircraft) for day-time operations in Haneda offers
hope that the A380 (also a Code F aircraft) will be approved soon for day-time
operation as there are some airlines looking at operating the A380 into Haneda.
< Background >With the purpose of expanding airport capacity in response to the increase in air
travel demand as well as to reduce congestion, a fourth runway (D runway) and aninternational terminal were opened in Haneda in October 2010. So far focusing on
flights to and from Asian countries, its use for long-haul international routes will
increase in the future. The number of flights will grow together with the demand but
will be limited in the end by the capacity in terms of slots. The recent dramaticincrease in the number of foreign visitors to Japan has caused the GoJ to revise thetarget upwards to 40 million for 2020. The average size of aircraft departing Haneda(230 seats) is now lower than it was in 1980 (240 seats) when 747s were used
domestically. To see traffic grow at Tokyo’s airports and more specifically Haneda,
work needs to be done to ensure larger aircraft can be used at Haneda. In this regard,
the use of new and larger aircraft will be an important part of the airlines’
strategies. Under such circumstances, aircraft weight restrictions on the D runway
could impede the conversion of Haneda Airport to larger and newer aircraft. New
aircraft such as the A350 and A380 are significantly quieter and environmentallyfriendlier than older aircraft now in use at Haneda airport and, with plans to overfly
the city to increase flights to and from Haneda, it is essential that quiet aircraft areused as much as possible. In order to avoid disturbing the flow of the Tama River,the D runway was overhauled using a pier-like structure instead of a conventional
landfill. Due to this, weight restrictions have been placed upon the aircraft in use, andwith the entire lineup of Airbus’ newest A380 and A350 series exceeding the weight
limit, these aircraft could no longer be used as they currently are (cf. chart below).

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Unit: tons

Weightlimit

A380

A3501000

A350900

B747400

B777200ER

Total weight

400

571

308.9

268.9

396.0

286.9

Main gearload, t/gear

139.5

161.6

146.9

126.0

92.8

134.9

Wheel load

26.2

26.9

24.5

31.5

23.2

22.5

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