Asia
1. Outline of the ProjectCountry:

Project title:

Indonesia

The Dairy Technology Improvement Project in the Republic ofIndonesia

Issue/Sector:

Cooperation scheme:

Animal Industries

Project-type Technical Cooperation

Division in charge:

Total cost:

Livestock and Horticulture Division, Agricultural
Development Cooperation Department

809 Million Yen

Period ofCooperation

Partner Country's Implementing Organization:

3 March 1997 - 2 March 2002

Provincial Livestock Services of West Java

Supporting Organization in Japan:
Agricultural Production Bureau, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries (MAFF)

Related Cooperation:
1-1 Background of the Project
The consumption of milk in Indonesia has increased steadily. Milk plays a key role especially in improving infant nutrition.
However, the production technology at the farmer level was still low, because capacity of instructors providing technicalguidance to farmers was insufficient. As dairy cattle were poorly managed, the heredity characteristics of milk cows were notbeing fully exhibited, and the quantity of milk secretion was extremely low. Under these circumstances, the Government ofIndonesia requested the Government of Japan to provide Project-type Technical Cooperation to increase the supply of highquality milk to consumers and the income of the farmers.

1-2 Project Overview
This Project researched and analyzed the status quo of each technology for feeding and management of dairy cattle,
reproductive health management and forage production and utilization. It also transferred relevant techniques to the selected
farmers in the target areas and at BPT-HMTs in Cikole and Bunikasih.
(1) Overall Goal
Dairy technology and productivity at farmers' level is improved.
(2) Project Purpose
The integrated technical services system for suitable dairy technology is established.
(3) Outputs
1) Technology for feeding and management of dairy cattle is improved.
2) Technology for reproductive health management is improved.
3) Technology for forage production and utilization is improved.
4) Training for technical staff as well as selected farmers is improved.

(4) Inputs
Japanese side:
Long-term Experts

10Equipment

159 Million Yen

Short-term Experts

16Local Cost

89 Million Yen

Trainees received

22

Others14 Million Yen

26

EquipmentIndonesian side:
Counterparts
Land and Facilities
Local Cost

1,794.047 Million Rupee (24 Million Yen)

Others

1,768.137 Million Rupee (24 Million Yen)

2. Evaluation Team
Members ofEvaluation Team

Team Leader: Noriaki NIWA /Director, Livestock and Horticulture Div., Agricultural Development
Cooperation Dept., Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)
Dairy Farming: Shigeru KUDO /Director, Livestock Breeding Div., Niikappu Station, National
Livestock Breeding Center, Independent Administrative Institution
Agricultural Administrative Cooperation/Extension and Training: Katsuhiro KAMIKITA /Section Chief,
International Affairs Office, Administrative Div., Agricultural Production Bureau, Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF)
Program Evaluation: Chiaki KATAI/Staff, Livestock and Horticulture Div., Agricultural Development
Cooperation Dept., (JICA)Evaluation Analysis: Shigeru TAKESHITA /Urban and Regional Planner, Regional Planning
International Co., Ltd.

Period of Evaluation

1 October 2001 - 13 October
2001

Type of Evaluation:
Terminal Evaluation

3. Results of Evaluation
3-1 Summary of Evaluation Results(1) RelevanceIn order to increase the income of small-scale farmers, the Indonesian government regards the improvement of dairy technology
and productivity of milk as one of the prioritized areas in the policy as described in the existing national development plan(PROPENAS, 2000-2004). Provincial Livestock Services of West Java has a strategic plan, which states the target in the growthof milk production. Thus, the Project activities are relevant to the government policy both at national and provincial level.
(2) Effectiveness
The technology transfer to the counterparts, the staff of the Provincial Livestock Services in the following fields, has almost been
completed: Feeding and management of dairy cattle, reproductive health management and forage production and utilization.
The counterparts' personal have been conducting such activities as seminars for the dissemination of the technology to themunicipal engineers both at the district and provincial level, to dairy cooperatives and selected farmers, and developing teachingmaterials suitable for the trainees'. Meanwhile, considering the Project Purpose, the utmost achievement made by counterpart
personnel was the "establishment of integrated dairy technology", even though they accomplished a certain level ofachievement through Project activities.

(3) Efficiency
The timing of the inputs was appropriate and the provided equipment was used efficiently. A sufficient number of counterparts
was allocated from the commencement of the Project, and only a few of them were transferred to other departments. Therefore,
the dispatched experts could transfer their techniques smoothly. The trainees have been trying to re-transfer the acquired
technology to others as training instructors. Due to the economic crisis in 1997, the Indonesian side could not fully provide
funding to cover the local cost and the Japanese side had to offset this. But even with these negative components, the Project
was managed efficiently in general.
(4) Impact
At the BPH-HMTs, the quantity of milk was increased dramatically. As the technology is disseminated, the production of cow
milk is expected to increase not only in West Java Province but also across the whole country.
Average milk quantity per cow a day
1997

2000

BPT-HMT Cikole

7.7kg

17.1kg

BPT-HMT Bunikasih

8.4kg

13.8kg

The quality of milk was improved remarkably both in the two BPT-HMTs and on the selected farms. The decrease in the numberof bacteria should be highlighted in particular. The achievements were introduced to relevant institutions in various meetings orconferences. As a result, in July 2001, the number of bacteria was adopted as one of the criteria for the unit price of milk, which
can be an economic motivation for farmers to improve the quality of milk and attain the related technology.
(5) Sustainability
The Project is evaluated to have technical sustainability, as most counterpart personnel have attained a sufficient level oftechnology in each technical field and are eager to learn new technologies. In order to disseminate the transferred technologies,
it is necessary to clarify the authority and responsibility of each agency and related organization, because the linkage among thefollowing organizations will become more important; the Central Government (Ministry of Agriculture Directorate General ofLivestock Service, Farming Production department), the Provincial Government (Provincial Livestock Services of West Java),and District Government. Because of the economic crisis of 1997, both the central government and the provincial government
could not allocate a sufficient budget for the Project. They must ensure a sufficient budget for stable operation of BPT-HMTCikole and other necessary functions. BPT-HMT Cikole, in particular, needs further enrichment of the maintenance andmanagement of the milk processing facilities and equipment. It is also necessary to secure the budget, taking the maintenanceand the life cycle of the equipment into account.

3-2 Factors that promoted realization of effects(1) Factors concerning Planning1) There was a lot of room for technical improvement due to the short history of dairy farming in Indonesia. Dairy farming ofIndonesia and Japan shared some consistency in terms of the technology required for farming, because the land for farming isscarce and the number of cows taken care of by a farmer is limited (between two and three) and to increase the productivity wasvery important in both countries.
2) The counterpart personnel and Japanese experts developed practical technology considering the benefits to farmers(increased income with the improvement of milk productivity) and full understanding of the situation of selected farmers throughtraining, but without pursuing high technology. These contributed to the success of the Project.
(2) Factors concerning the Implementation Process
The technology was effectively transferred, because the Government of Indonesia and the Government of West Java Province
attached special importance to the Project and allocated a sufficient number of counterpart personnel to the Project from thebeginning, and limited the turnover of personnel.

3-3 Factors that impeded realization of effects(1) Factors concerning Planning
The planed activity was not thoroughly enough to achieve the original Project Purpose ("An integrated technical services system
for suitable dairy technology is established"). Even if all of the outputs had been accomplished, the "Establishment of integrated
dairy technology" was believed to be the utmost achievement, and "the integrated technical services system" could never havebeen established. This survey regarded the real Project purpose as "An integrated instruction system for suitable dairy
technology is established". However, it is undeniable that the basic plan of the project was problematic.
(2) Factors concerning the Implementation Process
N/A

3-4 Conclusion
In general, the Project was implemented successfully although there was some delay in the Project activities.

3-5 Recommendations(1) In order to realize suitable formulated feed at the rearing stage, high quality feed should be developed as soon as possible.
(2) From the viewpoint of utilizing local resources and environmental conservation, livestock raising based on the agricultural
farming system should be developed and introduced.
(3) In order to extend the dairy technology developed in the Project, the responsibilities and authorities of the following
organizations must be made clear: the Central Government, the Provincial Government, the District Government, and otherrelated organizations such as cooperatives. It is important for them to formulate a plan which includes the process and themethod, together.

3-6 Lessons Learned
An economic incentive, such as a direct increase of income by the introduction of the technology, is a key motivator for
successful technical transfer.

3-7 Follow-up Situation
It is under consideration to establish and maintain the management system for the training program in order to settle thetechnology transferred through the Project and "The Aftercare Technical Cooperation for the Strengthening of Artificial
Insemination Center Project" (1986-95). (Implementation from fiscal year 2003 is under consideration.)