Asia
1. Outline of the ProjectCountry:

Project title:

Republic of Indonesia

Quality Assurance of Live Attenuated Polio & Measles
VaccineIssue/Sector:

Cooperation scheme:

Health/ Medicare

Third-Country Training Program

Division in charge:

Total cost:

Southeast Asia Division, Regional Department I

70 Million Yen

Period of Cooperation

Partner Country's Implementing Organization:

Fiscal Year 1998 - 2002

PT Bio Farma (PBF)

Supporting Organization in Japan:
National Institute of Infectious diseases,
Osaka University

Related Cooperation:
Project-type Technical Cooperation; "the Fundamental Technology Transfer Project for Production of Live Attenuated Measles
and Poliomyelitis Vaccines"

1-1 Background of the Project
The Government of Indonesia made "the 4th Five Year Plan" it major target with an aim to decrease the mortality rate of infantsand children and announced the policy of full-scale production of vaccines for polio and measles, which, according to the
Expanded Program on Immunization by World Health Organization (WHO), were major causes of infant and child mortality.
Based on the plan, the Government of Indonesia requested the Government of Japan to provide technical cooperation to PT Bio
Farma (PBF). In response, the Government of Japan implemented the Project-type Technical Cooperation for"the Fundamental
Technology Transfer Project for Production of Live Attenuated Measles and Poliomyelitis Vaccines". Through the cooperation,
the full-scale production of vaccine became possible.
Since then, WHO has issued instructions that member states use only the high quality vaccines that meet the WHO standard fornational immunization programs in the developing countries; the program ensures that only safe and effective vaccines areproduced and managed. The WHO standard means that manufacturers and governments should work together to ensure thehigh quality of vaccine, with the National Control Authority (NCA) on the government side ensuring that the manufacturers
producing the vaccines do so to the established standard.
Under these circumstances, the Government of Indonesia together with the Government of Japan decided to utilize the outcomeof the past cooperation, and to implement a Third-country Training Program to improve the technology and knowledge ofpolio/measles and the quality control technology for producing vaccines.

1-2 Project Overview
JICA implemented training to the trainees from Indonesia and 11 other Asian countries, covering the knowledge and laboratorytechniques of polio and measles and quality control for vaccines.
(1) Overall Goal
1) Improvement of knowledge in the field of quality control of live viral vaccine (mainly polio and measles) in the participants'countries.
2) Improvement of capability in technology transfer by the implementing organization.

(2) Project Purpose
Improvement of the trainees from Asian countries in terms of the necessary knowledge and appropriate techniques of quality
control for live viral vaccines (mainly polio and measles).
(3) Outputs
1) Trainees understand theory of quality assurance.
2) Trainees understand the management of live viral vaccine storage, shipment and efficacy.
3) Improvement in the knowledge of and laboratory techniques for quality control of polio and measles vaccines, such as
potency measurement, antiserum testing, and so on.
(4) Inputs
Japanese side:
Short-term Experts

1-2/year

Local Cost

65 Million Yen

Indonesian side:
Counterparts

5-10/year

Local Cost

15 Million Yen(5) Participant Countries
Republic of Vietnam, Kingdom of Thailand, Republic of the Philippines, Malaysia, People's Republic of China, Union ofMyanmar, Republic of Turkey, Islamic Republic of Pakistan, Kingdom of Nepal, India and Democratic Socialist Republic of SriLanka.

2. Evaluation Team
Members of Evaluation
TeamJICA Indonesia office(Local consultant: PT.INDOKOEI INTERNATIONAL)

Period of Evaluation

19 February 2002 - 28 March2002

Type of Evaluation:
Terminal Evaluation By Overseas Offices

3. Results of Evaluation
3-1 Summary of Evaluation Results(1) Relevance
Under the plan of WHO to eradicate polio by the year 2000, the Government of Indonesia announced the policy to produce
vaccines independently and to lower the mortality rate of infants/children, which illustrates that the Project is relevant. Judging
from the situations of the participating countries, such as Myanmar, Nepal and the Philippines did not meet the WHO standard
despite improvement in the knowledge of quality assurance (QA), quality control (QC) and good manufacturing practice (GMP),
the selection of participating countries for the Project is relevant.
(2) EffectivenessThrough the Project, most of the trainees understood the Project Purpose and acquired the necessary knowledge andtechnology about 73-82 percent. Having finished the Training, the trainees could understand quality control and management
theories on live viral vaccine storage, shipment and efficacy, and they could improve their knowledge and laboratory techniques
in quality control for polio and measles vaccines. According to the questionnaire survey to the ex-participants, almost all ofparticipants attained a good knowledge and experience in QA, QC and GMP. Judging from the above, the Project Purpose has
mostly been accomplished.

(3) Efficiency
The training was conducted efficiently, judging from the following: At the termination of the Project, 70-100 percent ofparticipants reported that the subjects, time allocation including the discussions, exercises and observation were proportionallyarranged. According to the ex-participants, almost all ex-participants answered that the ability of the lecturers and the content of
the curriculum were good, although they noted that the English ability of Short-term Experts and lecturers was insufficient.
(4) Impact
There are several positive impacts as a result of the training. Through the training the participants improved their knowledge ofQA, QC and GMP. Four years have passed since the training was implemented, and the benefits are really noticeable. Nearly all
respondents reported that the skills and knowledge obtained in the training are very useful in their daily work. They use theknowledge for tackling issues occurring in their work and apply QA, QC and GMP in their laboratory work. . As a direct positive
impact, WHO has entrusted the supply of high quality polio and measles vaccines for other developing countries to Indonesia.
(5) Sustainability
The knowledge and skills the participants acquired through the lecturers have been disseminated to other staff and utilized indaily work. The Implementing Organization, PBF, has good capability in conducting the training. Beside good facilities such aslaboratories and equipment, PBF also has many qualified staff members who have been trained in Japan or other countries.
PBF also has capability in the arrangement of a suitable curriculum for training. In addition, PBF also has conducted othersimilar training programs supported by donors other than JICA. The sustainability of the training is assessed to be high from thereasons above.
On the other hand, participating countries lack the necessary equipment and funds for quality control of the live viral vaccines(polio and measles), and the related agencies require aid from the government.

3-2 Factors that promoted realization of effects(1) Factors concerning Planning
N/A(2) Factors concerning the Implementation Process
N/A

3-3 Factors that impeded realization of effects(1) Factors concerning Planning
N/A(2) Factors concerning the Implementation Process
1) Language proficiency of the counterpart personnel and Short-term Experts adversely affected communication and thetransfer of skills and knowledge to participants.
2) Most of the participants could not apply the acquired knowledge and skills inn their daily work due to a shortage of equipment
and funds.

3-4 Conclusion
It can be concluded that in general the Project was excellent. The objectives attained through those training activities have beenachieved in line with the needs of the participating countries and organizations. The ex-participants disseminated their acquired
skills and knowledge to other staff. The ex-participants are enthusiastic in applying the knowledge and technology acquired in
the training in the daily work. But some difficulties related to insufficiency of funding and equipment impede applying the same
technology in their works.

3-5 Recommendations
The course duration should be longer, with more detailed study cases, comprehensive practice and discussions.

3-6 Lessons Learned(1) Considering the needs of the participating countries and implementing a curriculum for the status quo of each country, theknowledge and technology transferred to the participants will be very useful for the participating countries and organizations.

(2) In selecting lecturers and trainees, the selection of persons who are proficient in English should be considered, not only theirtechnical knowledge.
(3) For better implementation, the implementing organization should send the application form to trainees much earlier so they
will have sufficient time for preparation.
(4) Participating countries should make efforts to support the ex-participants by supplying the funds and equipment.

3-7 Follow-up Situation
N/A