「主体的・対話的で深い学び」の実現に向けた自己決定理論に基づく授業モデルの提案

長野優・内田 昭利

Toward the Realization of “Proactive, Interactive, andDeep Learning” Proposal of a Classroom Model Based onSelf-Determination Theory

NAGANO, Yu and UCHIDA, Akitoshi

大分大学教育学部研究紀要

第 44 巻第 2 号

2023 年 3 月 別刷
Reprinted FromRESEARCH BULLETIN OF THE
FACULTY OF EDUCATIONOITA UNIVERSITY
Vol. 44, No. 2, March 2023
OITA, JAPAN኱ศ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊◊✲⣖せ㸦Res. Bull. Fac. Educ., Oita Univ.䠅

221ࠕ୺యⓗ࣭ᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸Ꮫࡧࠖࡢᐇ⌧࡟ྥࡅࡓ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌㛗 㔝 ඃ*࣭ෆ ⏣ ᫛ ฼**࠙せ ᪨ࠚ  ࠕ୺యⓗ࣭ᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸Ꮫࡧࠖࢆᐇ⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㉁ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᤵᴗᨵၿࡸ⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⬟ືⓗ࡟Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⫱ᡂࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ (Self-Determination Theory) ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ࣭᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ࣭㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࡀ඘㊊ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᴫほࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᬑẁࡢᤵᴗ࡛ᩍᖌࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᣦᑟ࡜㛵㐃ࡀ῝࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ᐇ㊶ࡀక࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣ᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽ࡬࡜㏆࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇ㊶◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆᇶ࡟Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢᐇ㊶ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࠋ࣮࣮࠙࢟࣡ࢻࠚ  ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ Ꮫ⩦ ᤵᴗ ୺యⓗ࣭ᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸ᏛࡧϨ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ (2017) ࡣ㸪ᖹᡂ 29 ᖺ࡟࿌♧ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢᨵゞࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕ୺యⓗ࣭ᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸Ꮫࡧࠖࡢᐇ⌧ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࠕ୺యⓗ࣭ᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸Ꮫࡧࠖࡢ
どⅬ࠿ࡽᤵᴗᨵၿࢆ⾜࠸㸪⌧௦࡟࠾࠸࡚㉁ࡢ㧗࠸Ꮫࡧࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ㸪㈨㉁࣭⬟ຊࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⬟ືⓗ࡟Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᶆ࡟ᥖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࠕ୺యⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࠖࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜࡟⯆࿡ࡸ㛵ᚰࢆࡶࡕ㸪⮬ࡽࡢᏛ⩦ࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢάືࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕᑐヰⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࠖࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ಶே࡛⪃࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ពぢ஺᥮ࡋࡓࡾ㸪㆟ㄽࢆࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪༠ാⓗ࡞άືࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࠕ῝࠸Ꮫࡧࠖࡢ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᝟ሗࢆ⢭ᰝࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓࡾ㸪⪃࠼ࢆఏ࠼࠶࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⪃࠼ࢆᙧᡂࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡞࡝ࡢάືࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㸪2017)ࠋࡲࡓᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ (2018a, 2018b, 2019) ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࣭㧗➼ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ⥲๎⦅࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⬟ືⓗ࡟Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ⵳✚ࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡘࡘ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㉁ࢆ୍ᒙ㧗ࡵࡿᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ

௧࿴ 4 ᖺ 10 ᭶ 31 ᪥ཷ⌮㸨࡞ࡀࡢ࣭ࡺ࠺ ኱ศ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫋㛤Ⓨᑓᨷ㸨㸨࠺ࡕࡔ࣭࠶ࡁ࡜ࡋ ኱ศ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ᩍ⫋㛤Ⓨᑓᨷ

222㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆάᛶ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⌧௦ࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ࡽࡢຊ࡛Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⫱ᡂࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜࠸࠼㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࡶࡗ࡜Ꮫࡧࡓ࠸ࠖ࡜ᛮ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ⩦ពḧࢆᘬࡁฟࡋ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡟Ꮫࡰ࠺࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⩦ពḧ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚㸪ᱜ஭࣭㯮⏣ (2004) ࡣᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡜࡞ࡿᏛᴗࡢ㐩ᡂ࡟㛵ࢃࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢၥ㢟࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫຠຊឤ⌮ㄽࠖ㸪ࠕෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽࠖ㸪ࠕ┠ᶆ⌮ㄽࠖ
ࡢ 3 ࡘࡢ⌮ㄽࢆྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⌮ㄽࡀᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ά࠿ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ㸪ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪3 ࡘࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽࡢᛂ⏝◊✲ࡀ࠿࡞ࡾᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᤵᴗᐇ㊶࡟ά࠿ࡉࢀࡿࡔࡅࡢ▱ぢࡀぢฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᛂ⏝◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡸᤵᴗ࣭Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲࡀ㸪Ꮫᰯࡢᩍᖌ࡟༑ศ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡶ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪◊✲⪅ഃ࡜Ꮫᰯ㛵ಀ⪅ഃ㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢ 3 ࡘࡢഃ㠃࠿ࡽၥ㢟ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ◊✲⪅ഃࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࢆᏛᰯ⌧ሙࡢ⌧≧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪฼⏝ྍ⬟࡞ᙧ࡟ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌ࡟ఏ࠼࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪◊✲⪅ࡀ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵࡢ◊✲ࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㊶࡬ࡢ㈉⊩࡜࠸࠺どⅬࢆపࡃホ౯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜㸪Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙࡢᐇ᝟ࢆ⪃៖ࡏࡎ୍᪉ⓗ࡟◊✲⤖ᯝࢆఏ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿែᗘ࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᣦ᦬࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪Ꮫᰯ㛵ಀ⪅ഃࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ▱ぢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪▱ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢᐇ㊶ࢆ⌮ㄽ࡜⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚⪃࠼ࡿព㆑ࡀᙅ࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ᤵᴗᐇ㊶࡟᭷┈࡞♧၀ࢆࡶࡘ◊✲▱ぢࢆᐇ㊶࡟ά࠿ࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓែᗘ࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ไᗘࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㝈ࡽࢀࡓᤵᴗ᫬㛫ࡢ୰࡛ỴࡵࡽࢀࡓᏛ⩦஦㡯ࢆᩍ࠼࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᐇ㊶ࡀᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆᘬࡁฟࡑ࠺࡜㜌㞼࡟ᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㸪ᤵᴗࡸᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᰿ᣐࢆࡶࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪ᤵᴗᨵၿࢆࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓᤵᴗࡢຠᯝࡀ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᐈほⓗ࡞᳨ドࡀࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ୺ほࡢࡳ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡸᏛ⩦ෆᐜࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࢆᤵᴗ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋ㸪⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࡸᤵᴗᨵၿࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᖌࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ពḧࢆᘬࡁฟࡋࡓࡢ࠿㸪ᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚タᐃࡋࡓᏛ⩦⎔ቃࡀ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡟Ꮫࡰ࠺࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐤ୚ࡋࡓࡢ࠿ࢆ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⌮ㄽ࠿ࡽᐈほⓗ࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⌧≧ࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆඞ᭹࡛ࡁࡿ⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᵝࠎ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿ୰࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ᮃࡲࡋ࠸㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍ⮬ᕫỴᐃᛶࡢᙉ࠸እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ (⏿㔝, 2013; ྜྷᓮ࣭ᖹᒸ, 2015) ࡀ㸪ᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢ㸯ࡘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ (Self-Determination Theory)ࠖ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2017) ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ㸪᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Deci㸤Ryan, 2000; Ryan㸤Deci, 2000; Ryan
㸤Deci, 2002)ࠋ⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ࡜ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢ⾜ື࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ពᛮࢆឤࡌ㈐௵ࢆࡶࡕࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺ḧồ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ࡜ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢ⬟ຊࡸᡯ⬟ࢆⓎ᥹࣭⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᶵ఍ࡸᨭ᥼ࢆḧࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồ࡜ࡣ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸ㛵ࢃࡾࢆࡶࡕࡓ࠸࡜ឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ
(Ryan㸤Deci, 2017)ࠋ㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ㸪ḟ❶࡛㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸧⌮ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚᏶ᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪すᮧ (2019) ࡣ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ◊⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌223✲ࡢ᭱๓⥺ࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡘࡘࡶ㸪Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ⌮ㄽ࣮࣋ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᐇ㊶ࡀక࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣ᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽ࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣձ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫせࢆ㏙࡭㸪ղ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᏛ⩦࣭ᤵᴗࠖࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᴫほࡋ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᩍᖌࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡟ࡼࡿᡂᯝ࡜ㄢ㢟ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ճᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋϩ ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ
1 ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᴫせ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡣ㸪ே㛫ࡢ⾜ື࡜ே᱁ࡢⓎ㐩࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㸪⤒㦂ⓗ࡞᰿ᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᭷ᶵⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⢭⚄ⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩㸪ពḧ㸪ᖾ⚟ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿせᅉ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࢀࡽࢆᯤῬࡉࡏ㸪㜼ᐖࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࢆᢈุⓗ࡟᥈✲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2017)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ⮬ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠕ↓ㄪᩚࠖ࠿ࡽ㸪እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕ⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ㸪㐃⥆య࡛ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪እⓎⓗ࡟ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ
ࡓ⾜ືࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ౯್ࢆෆᅾ໬࣭ෆ㠃໬ (internalization) ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡬࡜㏆࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࿘ᅖࡢᨭ᥼ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤෆᅾ໬࣭ෆ㠃໬ (internalization) ࡣ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᥦၐࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2000)ࠋ࿘ᅖࡢᨭ᥼࡟ࡣ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⮬ᚊⓗᨭ᥼ (autonomy support)㸪᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᵓ㐀 (structure)㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㛵୚ (involvement) ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⮬ᚊⓗᨭ᥼(autonomy support) ࡛ࡣ㸪᭷ព⩏࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪୺యᛶࡸⓎゝࢆಁ㐍ࡉࡏࡿࠋᵓ㐀 (structure) ࡛ࡣ㸪ホ౯ࡸไᚚࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㇏ᐩ࡞ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡸ┠ᶆ㸪⎔ቃ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪㛵୚ (involvement) ࡛ࡣ㸪┦ᡭࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡾ㸪ᨭ᥼ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾẼ㐵ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2017)ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣ㸪6 ࡘࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2017)ࠋすᮧ(2019) ࡀ㸪ࠕึࡵ࡚⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢ⌮ㄽయ⣔ࡀ⌧ᅾ࡟㏆࠸ᙧ࡛⤂௓ࡉࢀࡓࠖ࡜ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓ Ryanand Deci ࡀ 2002 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡋࡓࠗHandbook of Self-Determination Theory࡛࠘ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࠕㄆ▱ⓗホ౯⌮ㄽ (Cognitive Evaluation Theory)ࠖ㸪ࠕ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ྜ ⌮ ㄽ (Organismic Integration Theory) ࠖ㸪ࠕ ᅉ ᯝ ᚿ ྥ ᛶ ⌮ ㄽ (Causality OrientationsTheory)ࠖ㸪ࠕᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽ (Basic Psychological Needs Theory)ࠖࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑ
ࡢᚋ㸪Ryan and Deci ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ 2017 ᖺ࡟ฟ∧ࡉࢀࡓࠗSelf-Determination Theory: BasicPsychological Needs in Motivation, Development, and Wellness࡛࠘ࡣ㸪ඛ࡟♧ࡋࡓ 4 ࡘࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽ࡟ຍ࠼㸪ࠕ┠ᶆෆᐜ⌮ㄽ (Goal Contents Theory)ࠖ㸪ࠕ㛵ಀᛶືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽ (RelationshipsMotivation Theory)ࠖࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡟㸪Ryan and Deci (2017) ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ 6 ࡘࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽࡢᴫせࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
2 ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ 6 ࡘࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᵓᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ 6 ࡘࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽࡣ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗ࡞⤫ྜࡢᵝࠎ࡞ഃ㠃࡟

224㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᶵᲔㄽⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡽ♫఍Ꮫⓗ࡞ࡶࡢࡲ࡛㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿࣞ࣋ࣝࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2017)ࠋ
1) ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯⌮ㄽ (Cognitive Evaluation Theory)ㄆ▱ⓗホ౯⌮ㄽࡣ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ࿘ࡾࡢ♫఍⎔ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿฟ᮶஦ࡀෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ
㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟୺㍈ࢆ⨨࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡸ᭷⬟ឤࢆ⮬㌟ࡢ⾜ືࡢ୰࡛ㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡼ࠺ᨭ᥼ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࠋ2) ᭷ᶵⓗ⤫ྜ⌮ㄽ (Organismic Integration Theory)ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࢆ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡋືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸≧ែࢆࠕ↓ㄪᩚࠖ㸪እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕ⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࡢ 4 ࡘ㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡋ㸪㐃⥆య࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ3) ᅉᯝᚿྥᛶ⌮ㄽ (Causality Orientations Theory)ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಶேᕪ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ᚿྥᛶ㸪㠀ே᱁ⓗ࡞ᚿྥᛶ㸪⤫ไⓗ࡞ᚿྥᛶࡢ㸪3 ✀㢮ࡢᚿྥᛶࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ4) ᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽ (Basic Psychological Needs Theory)⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢ᰾࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ㸪᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࡢ 3 ࡘࡢᚰ⌮ⓗḧồࡢᴫᛕ࡜㸪⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣࡸᖾ⚟࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ⢭ᐦ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽࡣ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồࡸ᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ࡟ຍ࠼㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢḧồࡀ඘㊊ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⢭⚄ⓗ࡞೺ᗣ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ5) ┠ᶆෆᐜ⌮ㄽ (Goal Contents Theory)ேࠎࡀ㏣࠸ồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿே⏕┠ᶆࡢෆᐜࢆྲྀࡾ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ෆⓎⓗ࡞┠ᶆ࡜እⓎⓗ࡞┠ᶆࢆ༊ูࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࠿ࡽⓎᒎࡋࡓ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ6) 㛵ಀᛶືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽ (Relationships Motivation Theory)
3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ 1 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㛵ಀᛶࠖ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ே㛫㛵ಀࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀ㸪ぶᐦ࡞┦ᡭ࠿ࡽ⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᨭ᥼ࢆཷࡅࡓࡾ㸪ࡲࡓࡣ⮬ศࡀ┦ᡭ࡟⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡼ࠺࡞ᨭ᥼ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪┦஫స⏝ⓗ࡟ᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀ㸪⢭⚄ⓗ࡞೺ᗣࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

3 ᤵᴗ࡬ࡢᛂ⏝࡟㐺ࡋࡓᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽࡇࡇ࡛㸪Ꮫ⩦ពḧࢆᘬࡁฟࡍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟⮬ᚊⓗ࡟Ꮫࡰ࠺࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡍ࡜࠸࠺
どⅬ࡛㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࠋDeci and Ryan (2000) ࡸ Ryan andDeci (2000, 2002) ࡣ㸪3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡀ඘㊊ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪6 ࡘࡢ࣑ࢽ⌮ㄽࡢᴫほࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢ᰾࡜࡞ࡿ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡢᴫᛕࢆㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽࡀ㸪ᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽࡣྛᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ྥࡅ࡚ఱࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ᡭࡔ࡚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᥦ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㔜せ࡞άືࢆୖᡭࡃ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡾ㸪⮬ศࡢ⾜ືࢆ௚⪅࠿ࡽᢎㄆࡉࢀࡓࡾ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ඛ࡟♧ࡋࡓ⮬ᚊⓗᨭ᥼ (autonomysupport) ࡸᵓ㐀 (structure)㸪㛵୚ (involvement) ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᩍᖌࡀྛᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊ࢆ㐺ษ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵࢆ♧ࡋ㸪Ꮫᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵࡢ⬟ຊࢆࡼࡾᙉࡃㄆ㆑࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Ryan㸤Deci, 2017)ࠋ
௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᩍᖌࡀᤵᴗࡢ୰࡟㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀⓎ⾲ࡸᏛ⩦άືࢆୖᡭࡃ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌225࠺࡟ㄢ㢟ࡸᏛ⩦άືࢆタᐃࡋ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆࡶࡓࡏࡿ୰࡛㸪⮬㌟ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡀ௚⪅࡟ᢎㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᣦᑟࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿ࡜ண᝿࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ඘㊊࡟ྥࡅࡓලయⓗ࡞ᡭࡔ࡚ࡀㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ⌮ㄽ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡸᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢᕤኵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋϪ Ꮫ⩦࣭ᤵᴗࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢ◊✲ᴫせ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ㄽᩥ᳨⣴ࢧ࢖ࢺ CiNii ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ㄽᩥ᳨⣴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ (᳨⣴᪥: 2022/10/23)ࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࠖࢆࢱ࢖ࢺࣝ࡟᳨⣴ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪190 ௳ࡢࣄࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋ㸪ᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࢆᥦ᱌ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࠿ࡽྛᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿᏛ⩦᪉ἲࡸᩍᖌࡢᡭࡔ࡚ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ḟ࡟㸪ࣇ࣮࣮ࣜ࣡ࢻ࡟ࠕᏛ⩦ࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕᤵᴗࠖࢆ㏣ຍࡋ㸪᳨⣴ࡍࡿ࡜ 80 ௳ࡀࣄࢵࢺࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢㄽᩥࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ㄽᩥ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ꮫ఍Ⓨ⾲せ᪨ࡸ㔜」ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆ┬࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ 36 ௳ࢆᮏㄽᩥ࡛ࡢࣞࣅ࣮ࣗᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ1 ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟⪅࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศ㢮ᤵᴗ࣭Ꮫ⩦࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ◊✲ 36 ௳ࡢᑐ㇟⪅࡟  ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ◊✲ࡢࡘ࠸࡚⾲ 1 ࡟♧ࡍࠋᤵᴗ࣭Ꮫ⩦࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ◊✲  ᑐ㇟⪅࡟ࡼࡿศ㢮࡛ࡣ㸪኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟⪅࡜ࡋࡓㄽᩥࡀ 18 ௳࡛࠶ࡾ (Ebara㸪
2014; ⸨ཎ㸪2007; ᯘ㸪2006; ᘅ᳃࣭⏣୰㸪2006; Honda
㸤Sakyu㸪2005; 㣤ᮧ࣭㔝ᮧ㸪2014; ᑠụ㸪2012㸹 㯮⏣㸪2021; ᒸ⏣࣭୰㇂㸪2006; బᒣ㸪2015; ᓥ࣭㤿࣭✄ᇉ㸪2020;ᇛ㔝㸪2017; 㮖ぢ㸪2013; 㮖ぢ㸪2014; 㮖ぢ㸪2015; 㮖ぢ㸪
2017; ᒣᮏ࣭኱ሙ㸪2018; ྜྷ㔝㸪2008)㸪༙ᩘࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓㄽᩥࡣ 6 ௳ (Ᏻ⸨࣭ᕸ᪋࣭ᑠᖹ㸪2008; ᭷㤿㸪2018; ࢝ࣞ࢖ࣛᯇᓮ㸪2017; ఀ⸨㸪2017;ᰁ㇂㸪2019; ⋢ᮌ㸪2013)㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓㄽᩥࡣ 4 ௳(ྡ㉺࣭ஂಖ࣭ఀ⸨㸪2018; すෆ࣭ᕝᓮ㸪2017; ᮡᒣ㸪2021;⡀℩࣭ຍ⸨࣭ゅ⏣࣭ᕷ㔝㸪2010) ࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓㄽᩥࡣぢཷࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᑐ㇟⪅ࢆタᐃࡋ࡚࠸࡞
࠸ 3 ௳ࡢㄽᩥࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Conrad (2022) ࡣᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢱࢫࢡ࡟Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Hondaand Sakyu (2006) ࡣゝㄒᏛ⩦࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⏣୰ (2019) ࡣᑠᏛᰯⱥㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆලయ໬ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲ ࠕᏛ⩦࣭ᤵᴗࠖ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ

2 ᐇ㊶◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ◊✲㡿ᇦ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศ㢮ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᐇ㊶◊✲ࡀ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲㡿ᇦ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࠿᥈ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪◊✲㡿ᇦࡈ࡜࡟ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᴫせࢆ㏙

226㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣࡭࡚࠸ࡃࠋືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ᵝࠎ࡞せ⣲࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ◊✲ࡀ 7 ௳࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏳ⸨ࡽ (2008) ࡣ✚ᴟᛶ㸪బ⸨(2012) ࡣ⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ࡜⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪బ⸨ (2013) ࡣ཭ே㛵ಀ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸ⮬ᚊᛶḧồ࣭᭷⬟ࡉࡢḧồ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃㸪ᰁ㇂ (2019) ࡣ⫈ゎຊ㸪⡀℩ࡽ (2010) ࡣయ⫱Ꮫ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ⾜ື࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ཎ⏣ (2008) ࡜⸨ཎ (2007) ࡣ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂࡜Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪ࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪᰝᑐ㇟⪅ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᵝᏊࡸᵓ㐀࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ 4 ௳࠶ࡗࡓࠋ᳃ᒣ࣭㛫ᐑ࣭ᒣୗ࣭ᑠ಴࣭୰ᑿ (2021) ࡣ୰Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢ ICT ࡢᤵᴗά⏝࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪࢝ࣞ࢖ࣛᯇᓮ (2017) ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛ⏕ࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ㸪బᒣ (2015) ࡣࣟࢩ࢔ㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᵓ㐀㸪⋢ᮌ (2013) ࡣ⮬㛢⑕ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺ࣒ࣛඣࡢᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠶ࡿせ⣲ࡀືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸪ࡲࡓࡣືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸࡑࡢࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡀ㸪࠶ࡿせ⣲࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡀ 5 ௳࠶ࡗࡓࠋᒸ⏣ࡽ (2006) ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡀㄢ㢟࡬ࡢ⯆࿡࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡸ㸪ᓥࡽ (2020) ࡢ኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢᤵᴗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ㅮ⩏ࡢ㑅ᢥྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿᕪ␗ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ఀ⸨ (2017) ࡣయ⫱ࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌ⾜ືࡀ㸪ඣ❺ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᇛ㔝 (2017) ࡣືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ࣌࢔Ꮫ⩦ࡢᴦࡋࡳ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪すෆࡽ (2017) ࡣ⌮⛉Ꮫ⩦ࡢព⩏ࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ⛉Ꮫⓗ⬟ຊ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜㐺ᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡀ 4 ௳࠶ࡗࡓࠋ㮖ぢࡣᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜Ꮫ⩦㛵㐃ࡢ㐺ᛂ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ (㮖ぢ㸪2013)㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀᚰ⌮ⓗ㐺ᛂ≧ែ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ (㮖ぢ㸪2014 ) ࡸ㸪ᚋࡢᏛ⩦㛵㐃㐺ᛂឤ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ (㮖ぢ㸪2017) ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㯮⏣ (2021) ࡣ⮬ᚊⓗ࣭⤫ไⓗ࡞኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫືᶵ࡜ධᏛᚋࡢ㐺ᛂ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᑻᗘࡢసᡂࡸ᳨ウࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ◊✲ࡀ 3 ௳࠶ࡗࡓࠋHonda and Sakyu(2005) ࡣ᪥ᮏேⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㸪ෆⓎⓗ࣭እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘࡢ୪Ꮡⓗ࠾ࡼࡧᵓᡂᴫᛕࡢጇᙜᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᯘ (2006) ࡣ኱Ꮫ⏕⏝ࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘ㸪㮖ぢ(2013) ࡣᏛ⩦඲⯡࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘࡢసᡂࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ௚࡟㸪ᑠụ (2012) ࡣ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽࢆᏛ⏕ᣦᑟ࡬ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᏛ⏕ᣦᑟࡢၥ㢟࡜⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡜ࡢᑐᛂࡢᴫせ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᑐ㇟⪅ࢆỴࡵࡎ࡟⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᵝࠎ࡞࢔ࢡࢸ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࢱࢫࢡ࡟Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ Conrad (2022) ࡢ◊✲ࡸ㸪ゝㄒᏛ⩦࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࢆලయ໬ࡍࡿヨࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ Honda ࡽ (2006)ࡸ⏣୰ (2019) ࡢ◊✲ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ࡶከ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓ◊✲࡛ 9 ௳࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢᐇ㊶◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⛉㡿ᇦࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ศ㢮ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪7 ௳ࡣⱥㄒࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ (Ebara㸪2014; ᘅ᳃ࡽ㸪2006; 㣤ᮧࡽ㸪2014;ⓑᅵ㸪2019; ᮡᒣ㸪2021; ᒣᮏࡽ㸪2018; ྜྷ㔝㸪2008)ࠋṧࡾࡢ 2 ௳ࡣ♫఍ (᭷㤿, 2018) ࡜య⫱ (ྡ㉺ࡽ, 2018) ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌

2273 ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᏛ⩦࣭ᤵᴗࡢᴫせᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ 9 ௳ࡢᐇ㊶◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡭ❧࡚ࢆᢳฟࡍࡿࠋ
ᘅ᳃ࡽ (2006) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕ 113 ྡ (⏨Ꮚ 81 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 32 ྡ) ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࡀ㸪ⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡢෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗࡢຠᯝࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ⱥㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿᚰ⌮ḧồᑻᗘ㸪ⱥㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ಙ㢗ᛶ࣭ጇᙜᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ࡜⮬⏤グ㏙ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ t-᳨ᐃ㸪࠾ࡼࡧ KJἲ࡛ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪3 ࡘࡢᚰ⌮ⓗḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡋࡓᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࡢ୰࡛㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ࡜⤖ㄽ௜ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㣤ᮧࡽ (2014) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ 112 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪༙ᮇ࡟Ώࡗ࡚ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳᣦᑟࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᕫホ౯ࡀྥୖࡍࡿ࠿ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㊶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ྛᚰ⌮ḧồ࡜Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ㛫ࡸືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⏣୰࣭ᘅ᳃ (2007) ࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕࡇࡢⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡣࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࢆ㸪ࠕࡇࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ௻⏬࡛ࡣࠖ࡟ኚ᭦ࡋ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᕫホ౯ࡢྥୖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪
ࠕCAN DO ࣜࢫࢺࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㊶๓ᚋࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡢẚ㍑ࢆࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ࢫࣆ࣮ࢳࢥࣥࢸࢫࢺ┤๓࡛ࡣᏛ⩦⪅ࡢ⮬ಙࡀྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋⓑᅵ (2019) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕ 45 ྡ (⏨Ꮚ 28 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 17 ྡ) ࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡜ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㔜どࡢᤵᴗࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚㸪ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㔜どࡢᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࡀ㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ⱞᡭព㆑ࢆࡶࡘᏛ⏕ࡓࡕࡢ 3 ࡘࡢᚰ⌮ⓗḧồ࡜ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ
㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆㄪᰝࡋࡓࠋᐇ㊶⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ࡜㸪⮬⏤グ㏙࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗឤ᝿࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ KJ ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᘅ᳃࣭⏣୰ (2006)㸪
⏣୰ࡽ (2007) ࡢ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ཧຍ⪅࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ಟṇࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㉁ၥ
⣬ㄪᰝࡢศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ㔜どࡢᤵᴗᐇ㊶ࡀ㸪ཧຍᏛ⏕ࡢ⮬ᚊᛶ࣭᭷⬟ឤ࣭㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡋ㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮡᒣ (2021) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕ 115 ྡ (⏨Ꮚ 53 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 62 ྡ) ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚⏕ᚐࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪OPP ࢩ࣮ࢺࢆά⏝ࡋࡓࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢᣦᑟࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ᐇ㊶ࡢ๓ᚋ࡟㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ㸪஦ᚋ࡟⮬⏤グ㏙ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ⏕ᚐࡢⱥㄒࢆᏛࡪពḧࡢྥୖࡢኚᐜࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᘅ᳃ (2006) ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪⏣୰ (2014) ࡢㄢ㢟‽ᣐ࡜㐣ཤ‽ᣐࡢ᭷⬟ឤ࡜࠸࠺どⅬࢆຍ࠼ࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆ஦๓࡜஦ᚋ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᖹᆒ್ࡢᕪࢆ୧ഃࡢ t-᳨ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ᳨ウࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ⱥㄒࡢࣛ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣥࢢࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿពᅗⓗ࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡣ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᚰ⌮ⓗḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡋ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᒣᮏࡽ (2018) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ 39 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪2 ࢡࣛࢫ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ศࡅࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥᏛ⩦ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ࢔ࣉࣜࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࢯࣇࢺ࡛࠶ࡿ Google Classroomࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪࢜ࣥࣛ࢖ࣥᏛ⩦࡜ᑐ㠃ᤵᴗࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏࡓࣈࣞࣥࢻᆺᤵᴗ (཯㌿ᤵᴗ) ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ௓ධ⩌㸪㏻ᖖࡢᤵᴗࢆཷࡅࡓࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࢆ⤫ไ⩌࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࡢ๓ᚋᕪࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ୺࡟㸪௓ධ⩌ࡀ⾜ࡗࡓ e-࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢࡀ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢ࠿㸪ᘅ᳃ (2003)㸪Nishida (2013)㸪Noels, Pelletier,Clement, and Vallerand (2000) ࢆཧ⪃࡟᳨ウࡋࡓᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ LMS (࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࣭࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࢩࢫࢸ࣒) ࡢ౑࠸຾ᡭ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬⏤グ㏙ࢆ228㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣ศᯒࡋ㸪௓ධ⩌࡟㈇ࡢຠᯝࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡋࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ㸪⩦⇍ᗘࡸᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈇Ⲵ㸪஺ὶ୙㊊ࡸ PC ࡢ᧯సᛶ࡟ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜᥎ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྜྷ㔝 (2008) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫ⏕ 80 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪ⱥㄒᏛ⩦ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗᐇ㊶๓࡟㸪ᘅ᳃ (2006) ࡀసᡂࡋࡓᚰ⌮ḧồᑻᗘࡸⱥㄒᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘ࠿ࡽ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆᢳฟࡋ㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢᚰ⌮ḧồࡸⱥㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿព㆑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᤵᴗᐇ㊶ᚋ࡟ࡶⱥㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿព㆑ㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᐇ㊶๓࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ
ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᖹᆒⅬࡀྥୖࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝࡣᤵᴗᐇ᪋๓ᚋࡢᖹᆒ್ࡢẚ㍑࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡞᳨ウࡣᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪᭷ពᕪࡢ᭷↓࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᚰ⌮ḧồ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᤵᴗᐇ㊶ᚋࡢㄪᰝࡣᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢ 6 ௳ࡢᐇ㊶◊✲ࡣ㸪ᘅ᳃ࡀᦠࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ (ᘅ᳃㸪2003; ᘅ᳃㸪2006; ᘅ᳃ࡽ㸪2006;⏣୰ࡽ㸪2007) ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓᑻᗘࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪㉁ၥ⣬ࡢసᡂࡸศᯒࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Ebara (2014) ࡣⱥㄒࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪኱Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ 37 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ (Deci &Ryan, 2002) ࡢࠕ3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᚰ⌮ⓗࢽ࣮ࢬࠖࢆᏛ⩦⎔ቃ࡟ᥦ౪ࡍࡿ஦ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪3 ࡘࡢⱥసᩥࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆᑟධࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⏕ࡢసရࡸᏛෆࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫᮇᮎ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺࡢグ㏙࡞࡝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓࠋ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ከᵝ࡞⩦⇍ᗘࡢゝㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⎔ቃୗ࡛ⱥㄒຊࢆఙࡤࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪3 ࡘࡢᚰ⌮ⓗḧồࡢ඘㊊ࡀ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ⫯ᐃⓗ࡟ാࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪⣙ 1 ᖺ๓࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓⱥㄒࡢࢸࢫࢺ࡜
ྠᵝࡢࡶࡢࢆᐇ㊶ᚋ࡟⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ᖹᆒⅬࡀ 5 Ⅼྥୖࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㏻ᖖ
ࡢᤵᴗࢆ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸࡚ࡶⱥㄒຊࡢྥୖ࡟కࡗ࡚ᚓⅬࡶୖࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᤵᴗࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜᩿ゝࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ➼ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ᭷㤿 (2018) ࡣ♫఍ࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ 71 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪᪥ࠎࡢ⏕άࡢ୰࡛ฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡈࡳࡢฎ⌮ࡸ෌฼⏝ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᤵᴗࡢᐇ᪋ࢆヨࡳ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࡢᏛ⩦ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢពḧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚≉࡟ㄢ㢟ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ 2 ྡࡢඣ❺ࢆᢳฟࡋ㸪ᤵᴗ⪅ࡢᐇ㊶࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡸάືࡢᵝᏊ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᏛ⩦࡟ᑐࡍࡿពḧࢆႏ㉳ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồࡢపୗࢆ㜵ࡄࡓࡵ࡟ඣ❺ࡀྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡸࡍ࠸ࢸ࣮࣐ࢆᥦ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡸ᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ
ࡢ඘㊊࡟⧅ࡀࡾᏛ⩦࡬ࡢពḧࢆ⏕ࢇࡔࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᤵᴗ⪅ࡢᐇ㊶࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࠿ࡽ
ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪᭷㤿 (2018) ࡣ⮬㌟ࡢ◊✲ࡢጇᙜᛶࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞᳨ドࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ྡ㉺ࡽ (2018) ࡣయ⫱ࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕ዪᏊ 30 ྡࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪ჾᲔ㐠ືࡢᤵᴗ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ྥࡅࡓᩍᖌࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᐇ㊶࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⸨⏣ (2010) ࡀసᡂࡋࡓయ⫱ᤵᴗ⏝ᚰ⌮ⓗḧồᑻᗘ㸪య⫱ᤵᴗ⏝ືᶵ࡙ࡅᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᤵᴗ๓ᚋࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ t-᳨ᐃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ㸪᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࡀ඘㊊ࡉࢀࡓ⏕ᚐ࡯࡝ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୖࡢᐇ㊶◊✲ࡢᴫせࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᡭࡔ࡚ࡀ㸪ᤵᴗෆ࡛ᵝࠎ࡟ㅮࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋྛᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ྥࡅࡓᣦᑟ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࠿ࡽᢳฟࡋ㸪⾲ 2 ࡟ࡑࡢᴫせࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿࠋ⾲ ᐇ㊶◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ  ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ྥࡅࡓᣦᑟࡢᴫせ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌

229230㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣⾲ 2 ࡢᴫせ࠿ࡽ㸪◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭࡔ࡚ࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㒊ศࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㒊ศࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪☜❧ࡉࢀࡓᡭἲࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪኱ᯟ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ձᏛ⩦άືࡸෆᐜ࡟࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⮬⏤ᗘࢆࡶࡓࡏ㸪Ꮫ⩦⪅࡟㑅ᢥ࣭Ỵᐃࡉࡏࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㈐௵ࢆᥦ౪ࡋ㸪ղ࣌࢔ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༠ຊࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᏛ⩦ࢆ㐍ࡵ㸪ճᏛ⩦⪅ྠኈࡸᩍᖌ࠿ࡽᘓタⓗ࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞஦᯶࡟ᑐࡍࡿࢥ࣓ࣥࢺ࡞࡝ࡢ᝟ሗⓗ࡞ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜
࠸࠺ 3 ࡘࡢᣦᑟࡀ㍈࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ
ḟ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦࣭ᤵᴗ඲⯡࡛ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌ࢆ⾜࠺ࠋϫ ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝඛ⾜◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ᚲせ࡞άືࢆᇶ࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ➼ࡢ㑅ᢥ࣭Ỵᐃࡸ㸪ᩍᖌࡸ௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾྜ࠸ࢆᤵᴗࡢ୰࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅ㸪ᐇ㊶ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࠿ලయ໬ࡋ㸪ᅗ 1 ࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ᪤࡟Ꮫ⩦஦㡯ࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ෆᐜ➼ࢆ⮬⏤࡟㑅ᢥ࣭Ỵᐃࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ㄪ࡭Ꮫ⩦ࢆᤵᴗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡑࡢㄢ㢟ࡣඞ᭹࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋㄪ࡭ࡿෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦஦㡯࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⠊ᅖࢆタᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽ⮬⏤࡟㑅ᢥ࣭Ỵᐃࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ᩍᖌࡀ௓ධࡏࡎㄪ࡭ࡿෆᐜࢆ᏶඲࡟⮬⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕఱࢆࡋࡓࡽࡼ࠸࠿ࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀฟ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞άືࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⠊ᅖࢆᣦᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࠿ࡽ⮬⏤࡟㑅ᢥ࣭Ỵᐃࡋㄪ࡭Ꮫ⩦ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬ᚊᛶࡢḧồ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡟ാࡃ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄪ࡭Ꮫ⩦ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡓࡇ࡜ࡸศ࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࣌࢔ࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡛ඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ᘓタⓗ࠿ࡘ᝟ሗⓗ࡞ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࢆ┦஫࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪᭷⬟ឤࡢḧồ࡜㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࡀ඘㊊ࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᅗ ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌ࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡣ㸪1 ᫬㛫ࡢᤵᴗෆ࡛ᚲࡎࡋࡶ᏶⤖ࡉࡏࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᩿⥆ⓗ࡞ᐇ㊶ࡢ୰࡛ྛᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊ࡀᅗࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ

⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌231ࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ࡛ࡣỴࡵࡽࢀࡓ᫬㛫ෆ࡟ỴࡵࡽࢀࡓᏛ⩦஦㡯ࢆᏛࡪᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᫬㛫࡟ไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚༢ඖࢆ㏻ࡋࡓᣦᑟ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ྛᤵᴗෆ࡛඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ↔Ⅼ໬ࡋ㸪ᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋ
9 ௳ࡢᐇ㊶◊✲ࡢᴫほࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ 3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿᣦᑟ࡜㸪Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆ㛵㐃ࡉࡏ࡚⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᚰ⌮ⓗḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿᤵᴗࢆᩍᖌࡣᬑẁ࠿ࡽ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⯆࿡࣭㛵ᚰࢆᘬࡁฟࡍᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟ࢆタᐃࡋ㸪୺యⓗ࡟Ꮫࡪࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ⎔ቃࢆᩚ࠼ࡓࡾ㸪Ⓨ⾲άືࡸࢢ࣮ࣝࣉᏛ⩦࡞࡝ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⮬ᕫࡢ⬟ຊࢆ♧ࡍᶵ఍ࡸ௚⪅࡜㛵ࢃࡾ༠ാⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ⮬ᚊⓗ࡟Ꮫ⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡞⎔ቃࡢタᐃࡸᤵᴗ୰ࡢᣦᑟࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱ぢࡸᤵᴗ࣭Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲࢆᩍᖌࡀព㆑ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪㝈ࡽࢀࡓᤵᴗ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᬑẁࡢᤵᴗ࠿ࡽ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᐇ㊶ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿせᅉ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㉁ၥ⣬࡞࡝ࡢᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓㄪᰝࡸศᯒࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫ⩦ຠᯝࢆ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᐈほⓗ࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋϬ ࡲ࡜ࡵᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡛⫱ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡍඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢጼ࠿ࡽ⌧ᅾồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᤵᴗᨵၿ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚㏙࡭㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㸪⌧ᅾࡲ࡛࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢ࠿▱ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᴫほࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᐇ㊶ࢆకࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡣࢃࡎ࠿ 9 ௳࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᐇ㊶ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᱜ஭ࡽ (2004) ࡀ㸪Ꮫᰯᩍᖌࡢᐇ㊶࡜⌮ㄽࢆ⤖ࡧࡘࡅࡿព㆑ࡢᙅࡉࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪⌧ሙ࡛ࡣ᪂ࡓ࡞ᤵᴗ࣭Ꮫ⩦᪉ἲ࡟ࡣ┠ࡀྥ࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆせᅉ࡟㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᐇ㊶ࢆక࠺◊✲ࡀᑡ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜᥎ᐹࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣᐇ㊶ࡀక࠺ࡇ࡜࡛᏶ᡂࡉࢀࡓ⌮ㄽ࡟㏆࡙ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵ㸪௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡟ᐇ㊶ࢆకࡗࡓ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ⛬ᗘࡣ୍ᵝ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞୰࡛ࡶ㸪ᩍᖌࡣ㞟ᅋ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦᑟࡸಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᣦᑟࢆᕤኵࡋ㸪඘ᐇࡉࡏࡿດຊࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ㝿㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚సᡂࡉࢀࡓ᪤Ꮡࡢᑻᗘࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪㞟ᅋࡸಶࠎ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ
௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡀᏛᰯᩍ⫱࡟ᛂ⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ືᶵ࡙ࡅ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪3 ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồࡢ඘㊊࡟ྥࡅࡓᣦᑟࡣ㸪ෑ㢌࡛♧ࡋࡓࠕ୺యⓗ࣭ᑐヰⓗ࡛῝࠸ᏛࡧࠖࢆಁࡍࡓࡵࡢᏛ⩦㐣⛬࡟ࡶ㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࢆᏛ⩦ࡸᤵᴗ࡟ᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫࡧࡢ㉁ࢆࡼࡾ୍ᒙ㧗ࡵࡿᤵᴗᨵၿࡢ᥎㐍࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡀ㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇド◊✲ࡢಁ㐍࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪⌮ㄽࡢ᏶ᡂ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀಁࡉࢀ㸪⏕ᾭ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚⬟ືⓗ࡟Ꮫࡧ⥆ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⫱ᡂ࡟㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪࠺ࠋ232㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩Ᏻ⸨ ྐ㧗࣭ᕸ᪋ ග௦࣭ᑠᖹ ⱥᚿ (2008). ᤵᴗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀඣ❺ࡢ✚ᴟⓗᤵᴗཧຍ⾜ື࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 56 (2), 160-170㸬
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234㛗 㔝࣭ෆ ⏣㮖ぢ ඞ඾ (2014). Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀᚰ⌮ⓗ㐺ᛂ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿண ⓗ◊✲: ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟౫ᣐࡋࡓ᳨ウ ᩍ⫱་Ꮫ, 60 (2), 125-134.
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⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᤵᴗࣔࢹࣝࡢᥦ᱌

Toward the Realization of “Proactive, Interactive, andDeep Learning” Proposal of a Classroom Model Based on
Self-Determination Theory
NAGANO, Yu and UCHIDA, Akitoshi

Abstract
To realize “Proactive, Interactive, and Deep Learning”, school
education must improve classes to enhance the quality of learning andfoster students who can actively continue learning throughout their lives.
Therefore, this study focused on Self-Determination Theory, a theory ofmotivation. Self-Determination Theory states that intrinsic motivation
increases when the needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness aresatisfied. On the other hand, although the Self-Determination Theory canapproach a complete theory when it is accompanied by practice, it was
found that there are few practical studies in Japan. Therefore, based on
the findings from previous studies, we propose a lesson model of selfdetermination theory for practice in schools.
䛆Key wordsࠚ   Self-Determination Theory, Class, Study, “Proactive,Interactive, and Deep Learning.”

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