ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⎇ⓥ♿ⷐ㧔Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.䋧Welf. Sci., Oita Univ.䋩

57

Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤᯅᧄ ⟤༑↵㧖‫ ⷐޣ‬ᣦ‫ߩߎ  ޤ‬ዊ⺰ߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘⹺⍮⸒⺆ቇߩᨒ⚵ߦ߅޿ߡ come ߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺߣߘߩ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߣߩ㑆ߩ㑐ㅪᕈࠍᝒ߃ࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬1 ┨ߢߪ㧘come ߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺࠍቴⷰ⊛ᛠីߩ࿑ᑼߢᝒ߃⋥ߒ㧘come ߣ go ߩ૶޿ᣇߩ㆑޿ߪ㧘೔㆐࿾߇⋥ធࠬࠦ࡯ࡊߦ޽ࠆ߆㧘ᦨᄢ㗔ၞߦ޽ࠆ߆ߩ㆑޿ߦ᳞߼ߚ‫ ╙ޕ‬2 ┨ߢߪ㧘come ߣ go ߩ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߩ㆑޿߽߹ߚ㧘೔㆐࿾߇⋥ធࠬࠦ࡯ࡊߦ޽ࠆ߆㧘ᦨᄢ㗔ၞߦ޽ࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆน⢻ᕈࠍ␜ߒ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߩᝒ߃ᣇߪၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߣ߽ߦၮᧄ⊛ߦหߓߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߒߚ‫ޕ‬‫  ޤ࠼࡯ࡢ࡯ࠠޣ‬ၮᧄ↪ᴺ, ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺ, ቴⷰ⊛ᛠី, ⹺⍮ਥ૕, ᦨᄢ㗔ၞ,⋥ធࠬࠦ࡯ࡊ, ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯, ೔㆐࿾, ࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞

0

ߪߓ߼ߦ

ߎߩዊ⺰ߩ⋡⊛ߪ㧘଀ᢥ(1)ߢ␜ߒߚ come ߣ go ߩᢥሼㅢࠅߩ↪ᴺߣ଀ᢥ(2)ߢ␜ߒߚ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺࠍߘࠇߙࠇ⹺⍮⸒⺆ቇߩᨒ⚵ߺߢᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ߎߩੑߟߩ↪ᴺࠍ⛔৻⊛ߦᝒ߃ࠆᣇᴺࠍតࠆߎߣߢ
޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1

a.

We came to London from Rome.

b.

We went from Rome to London.

a.

Her hair has come untied.

b.

Her hair is going grey.

(Quirk (1985: 520))
2(Wordpower)
଀ᢥ(1)ߢߪ㧘ઍฬ⹖ we ߇ᜰߒߡ޿ࠆੱ㑆߇ࡠ࡯ࡑ߆ࠄࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ߳ߩ⒖േࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦኻ
ߒ㧘଀ᢥ(2)ߢߪ㧘㜬ߩᲫߩ⁁ᘒᄌൻ߇⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫଀ߪߢ⺰ᧄޕ‬ᢥ(1)ߩࠃ߁ߦ‛ℂ⊛⒖േࠍ⴫
ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐วࠍၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ๭߮㧘଀ᢥ(2)ߩࠃ߁ߦ⁁ᘒᄌൻࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐วࠍ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߣ๭߱ߎߣߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
Come ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺߩ㑆ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߩ߆‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ߘߩၮᧄ↪
ᴺߩ㆑޿߇⁁ᘒᄌൻࠍ⴫ߔ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦ෻ᤋߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ߩߎޕ‬ੑߟߩ໧㗴ࠍਛᔃ
ᐔᚑ 21 ᐕ 11 ᦬ 2 ᣣฃℂ㧖ߪߒ߽ߣ࡮ߺ߈߅ ᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ␠ળ⑔␩ࠦ࡯ࠬ㧔⧷⺆ቇ㧕

58

ᯅ  ᧄ

ߦ⠨߃ߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ╙ 1 ┨ߢߪ㧘ၮᧄ↪ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ come ߣ go ߩ૶޿ᣇߩ㆑޿ࠍਥߦਛỈ (2002)ߦၮߠ޿ߡᬌ
⸛ߒߚ਄ߢ㧘ᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ (2008)ߩᨒ⚵ߺߢ໧㗴ߩ 2 ߟߩേ⹖ࠍ࿑ᑼൻߒ㧘ฦ‫ߩޘ‬േ⹖ߩ․ᕈࠍ
⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬2 ┨ߢߪ㧘Clark (1974)ߣ਄㊁ (2007)ߦၮߠ޿ߡ⁁ᘒᄌൻࠍ⴫ߔ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ⸅ࠇ㧘╙ 1 ┨ߢߩ come ߣ go ߩ࿑ᑼൻ߇᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ߽ㆡ↪น⢻߆ߤ߁߆ᬌ⸛ߔࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬3 ┨ߢߪ㧘߹ߣ߼ߣᱷߐࠇߚ⺖㗴ߦ⸅ࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

1

Come ߣ Go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺߦߟ޿ߡ ߎߩ┨ߢߪ㧘come ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㧘ߘߩ㆑޿ࠍቴⷰ⊛ᛠីࠍ⴫ߔ࿑ᑼ
ൻࠍㅢߒߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
਄㊁ (2007)߇ᜰ៰ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘come ߣ go ߪ⋥␜േ⹖ߦಽ㘃ߐࠇࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ᢥ(3)ߦ߅޿ߡ
ߪ㧘⋥␜േ⹖ come ߣ㕖⋥␜േ⹖ ride ࠍኻᲧߒߡ␜ߒߡ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3a.

John rode the train from Boston to New York for three hours yesterday.

b.

John came to me at noon today.
(਄㊁ (2007: 349)㕖⋥␜േ⹖ߢ޽ࠆ ride ߩ႐วߪ㧘(3a)ߩᢥߩ⹤ߒᚻ߇ߤߎߦ޿ࠃ߁߇ᚑ┙ߔࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘⋥␜േ⹖ߢ޽ࠆ come ߩ႐วߪ㧘(3b)ߩᢥߩ⹤ߒᚻߪ੹ᣣߩᱜඦߦ John ߇೔⌕ߒߚߣߎࠈߦᔅߕሽ࿷
ߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߕ㧘⹤ߒᚻ߇ߤߎߦ޿ࠆ߆߇໧㗴ߦߥࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘ᰴߩ଀߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘⹤ߒᚻߛߌߢߪߥߊ⡞߈ᚻ߽ߤߎߦ޿ࠆ߆߽㑐ࠊߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ޕ‬
4
5Bill came to the station at noon yesterday.
a.

⹤ߒᚻߪ⊒⹤ᤨߦ㚞ߦ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬b.

⹤ߒᚻߪᤓᣣᱜඦߦ㚞ߦ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬c.

⡞߈ᚻߪ⊒⹤ᤨߦ㚞ߦ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬d.

⡞߈ᚻߪᤓᣣᱜඦߦ㚞ߦ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬(਄㊁ (2007: 350)

਄㊁ (2007)ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘(4)ߩᢥߩ⸃㉼ߪ(5)ߢ␜ߒߚࠃ߁ߦ 4 ㅢࠅ߽޽ࠆ‫ߒ⹤ޕ‬ᚻ߹ߚߪ⡞߈ᚻ߇⊒⹤ᤨ(coding time)ߦ೔㆐࿾ߢ޽ࠆ㚞ߦ޿ࠆ႐ว߆㧘߽ߒߊߪ⹤ߒᚻ߹ߚߪ⡞߈ᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨ
(reference time)ߦ㧘ߟ߹ࠅᤓᣣ೔㆐࿾ߢ޽ࠆ㚞ߦ޿ࠆ႐วߢ޽ࠆ‫⸒ߢߎߎޕ‬෸ߒߡ޿ࠆ⊒⹤ᤨ(coding time)ߣ ߪ 㧘 Fillmore (1977)ߦ ᓥ ߞ ߡ 㧘 ⹤ ߒ ᚻ ߇ ⊒ ⹤ ࠍ ⴕ ߞ ߚ ᤨ ࠍ ᜰ ߒ 㧘 ᜰ ␜ ᤨ(reference time)ߣߪߘߩᢥਛߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆౝኈ߇ታ⃻ߔࠆ(ߒߚ)ᤨὐߩߎߣࠍᜰߔ‫ޕ‬਄ߩ଀߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘⧷⺆ߩ⋥␜േ⹖ߢ޽ࠆ come ߣ go ߩ૶↪ߦ㑐ߒߡߪ㧘⊒⹤ᤨ߽ߒߊߪᜰ␜ᤨߦ߅ߌࠆ⹤ߒᚻ߽ߒߊߪ⡞߈ᚻߩሽ࿷૏⟎߇໧㗴ߦߥߞߡߊࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ὐࠍ⴫ߣߒߡ߹ߣ߼ߚߩ߇㧘ਛỈ (2002)ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਛỈ (2002)ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘come ߣ go ߩ૶↪᧦ઙ߇એਅߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘⊒⹤ᤨߣᜰ␜ᤨߦ⺕߇೔㆐࿾ߦ޿ࠆ߆ߣ޿߁ⷰὐ߆ࠄ 9 ߟߩࠤ࡯ࠬߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ

59

⴫ 1

⊒⹤ᤨߦ೔㆐࿾ߦ޿ࠆੱ

ᜰ␜ᤨߦ೔㆐࿾ߦ޿ࠆੱ

⹤ߒᚻ

⹤ߒᚻ

*Go

Come

(⹤ߒᚻ)

⡞߈ᚻ

*Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 3

(⹤ߒᚻ)

⹤ߒᚻ⡞߈ᚻએᄖ

*Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 4

⡞߈ᚻ

⹤ߒᚻ

Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 5

(⡞߈ᚻ)

⡞߈ᚻ

Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 6

(⡞߈ᚻ)

⹤ߒᚻ⡞߈ᚻએᄖ

Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 7

⹤ߒᚻ⡞߈ᚻએᄖ

⹤ߒᚻ

Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 8

(⹤ߒᚻ⡞߈ᚻએᄖ)

⡞߈ᚻ

Go

Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 9

(⹤ߒᚻ⡞߈ᚻએᄖ)⹤ߒᚻ⡞߈ᚻએᄖ

Go

*Come

ࠤ࡯ࠬ 1
ࠤ࡯ࠬ 2

⒖േേ૞േ⹖

⒖േࠍ⴫ߔ႐วߦ߅ߌࠆ come ߣ go ߩ૶↪᧦ઙ ਛỈ (2002: 285)⴫ߩਛߢࠞ࠶ࠦߦ࿐߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆㇱಽߪ㧘ਛỈ (2002)ߢߪⓨᰣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߪߢߎߎޕ‬㧘ࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊߔࠆߚ߼㧘ⓨᰣߦߥߞߡ޿ߚㇱಽ߽⹥ᒰߔࠆ⺆ฏࠍᝌ౉ߒߚ‫ޕ‬
⴫ 1 ߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘go ߇૶↪ߢ߈ߥ޿ߩߪ㧘ࠤ࡯ࠬ 1 ߆ࠄࠤ࡯ࠬ 3 ߢ޽ࠅ㧘⊒⹤ᤨߦ⹤ߒᚻ߇೔㆐࿾ߦሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ႐วߢ޽ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ come ߩ႐วߪ⊒⹤ᤨߦ߽ᜰ␜ᤨߦ߽⹤ߒᚻ߅
ࠃ߮⡞߈ᚻ߇ሽ࿷ߒߥ޿ࠤ࡯ࠬ 9 ߩ႐วߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩઁߩߘޕ‬႐วߢߪ㧘⋧੕ߦឃ㒰ߔࠆ㑐ଥߢߪߥߊ㧘come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆߎߣ߇␜ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ౕ૕଀ࠍ⷗ߡߺࠃ߁‫ޕ‬
6
7

a.

I won’t be working here tomorrow, but Mr. Tanaka will come / *go for me.

b.

⑳ߪ᣿ᣣߎߎߢ઀੐ࠍߒ߹ߖࠎ߇㧘↰ਛߐࠎ߇⑳ߩઍࠊࠅߦ᧪߹ߔ/*ⴕ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬a.

I’ll be working at Hokkaido next month and Mr. Tanaka will come / go, too.

b.

⑳ߪ᧪᦬ർᶏ㆏ߢ઀੐ߢߔ߇㧘↰ਛߐࠎ߽᧪ࠆ/ⴕߊߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿߹ߔ‫ޕ‬(ਛỈ (2002: 283))(6a)ߩ଀ߢߪ㧘ᜰ␜ᤨ(tomorrow)ߢߪߥߊ⊒⹤ᤨߦ⹤ߒᚻ߇೔㆐࿾(here)ߦ޿ࠆ‫࡯ࠤߪࠇߎޕ‬ࠬ 3 ߦ⋧ᒰߒ㧘come ߪ૶↪น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘go ߪኈ⹺ߐࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ห᭽ߦ㧘ߎߩ⧷ᢥߦኻᔕߔࠆ
ᣣᧄ⺆ߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ(6b)ߢ߽㧘‫ߪޠߔ߹᧪ޟ‬น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘‫ߦࠇߘޕ޿ߥ߈ߢ↪૶ߪޠߔ߹߈ⴕޟ‬ኻߒߡ㧘(7a)ߩ଀ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘⊒⹤ᤨߢߪߥߊᜰ␜ᤨ(next month)ߦ⹤ߒᚻ߇೔㆐࿾(Hokkaido)ߦሽ࿷ߒ㧘ߎࠇߪ㧘ࠤ࡯ࠬ 8 ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬1 ߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘଀ᢥ(7a)ߪ comeߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇૶↪น⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘଀ᢥ(7b)߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߢ߽‫ⴕޟߣޠࠆ᧪ޟ‬ߊ‫ߩޠ‬ਔᣇ߇ㆬᛯน⢻ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘⴫ 1 ߩ᧦ઙߦߪ㧘ዋߥߊߣ߽એਅߩ 3 ὐߩ໧㗴߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬8a.

⴫ 1 ߢ come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇⸵ߐࠇࠆ᧦ઙߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ታ㓙ߦߪ come ߽ߒߊߪ go ߩ৻ᣇߒ߆૶↪ߢ߈ߥ޿႐ว߇޽ࠆߎߣ‫ޕ‬b.

come ߽ߒߊߪ go ߩ৻ᣇߒ߆૶↪ߢ߈ߥ޿႐วߣ come ߣ go ߇ਔᣇ૶↪น⢻ߥ႐วߩ㑆ߦߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߩ߆‫ޕ‬

60

ᯅ  ᧄ

c.

Come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ૶↪น⢻ߥ(7a)ߩ଀ߩࠃ߁ߥ႐ว㧘come ࠍ૶ߞߚ႐วߣ go ࠍ૶ߞߚ႐วߢߪߤߩࠃ߁ߥ㆑޿߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬߹ߕ㧘(8a)ߣ(8b)ߩ໧㗴ࠍਛỈ (2002)ߦၮߠ޿ߡ⸅ࠇߚᓟ㧘(8c)ߩ໧㗴ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ (9a)ߩ଀ߪ㧘⧷⺆ߣᣣᧄ⺆ߩ㆑޿ࠍ⴫ߔߚ߼ߦࠃߊᒁ↪ߐࠇࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⴫ 1 ߩࠤ࡯ࠬ5 ߦ⋧ᒰߒ㧘⊒⹤ᤨߣᜰ␜ᤨߦ⡞߈ᚻ߇೔㆐࿾ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬1 ߢߪ㧘come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇૶
߃ࠆߎߣߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ታ㓙ߪ come ߛߌ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬
9

a.
b.

Yes, I’m coming / *going right away.
ߪ޿㧘੹ *᧪߹ߔ / ⴕ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬(ਛỈ (2002: 287))ᰴߩ଀ߪ㧘㘩ၴߢ੤ࠊߐࠇࠆળ⹤ࠍᗐቯߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
10 a.
b.

I’ll come / *go to your office at three o’clock.
3 ᤨߦ޽ߥߚߩ⎇ⓥቶߦ *᧪߹ߔ / ⴕ߈߹ߔ‫ޕ‬(ਛỈ (2002: 288))⊒⹤ᤨߦߪ⹤ߒᚻߣ⡞߈ᚻߣ߽ߦ೔㆐࿾ߦߪ߅ࠄߕ㧘ᜰ␜ᤨߦߪ⡞߈ᚻ(ߣ⹤ߒᚻ)߇೔㆐࿾ߦ
ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ ⴫ޕ‬1 ߩࠤ࡯ࠬ 8 ߦ⋧ᒰߒ㧘come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇น⢻ߣ੍᷹ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘(10a)ߩ
଀ߢߪ go ߪㆬᛯߐࠇߕ㧘come ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡ㧘Levinson (1983)ߪ㧘೔㆐࿾ߢ޽ࠆ⡞߈ᚻߦኻߔࠆᢘ⺆⴫⃻ߣߒߡ come߇⸵ኈߐࠇࠆߣߒߚ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘೔㆐࿾ߦ⡞߈ᚻ߇޿ࠇ߫㧘come ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ߒޕ‬߆ߒ㧘ਛỈ (2002)߇ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘⡞߈ᚻ߇೔㆐࿾ߦ޿ߡ߽㧘go ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ଀߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
11 a.

Are you on your way to the library?

I’ll come / go later.

Which floor are you

going to be on?
b.

࿑ᦠ㙚ߦⴕߊࠎߢߔ߆㧫⑳߽ᓟߢ *᧪߹ߔ / ⴕ߈߹ߔ߇㧘ߤߩ㓏ߦ޿߹ߔ߆㧫(ਛỈ (2002: 290))

଀ᢥ(11a)ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘come ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ႐วߪ Levinson (1983)߇ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦᢘ⺆⴫⃻ߣߒߡ૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߒߡ߽㧘ߥߗ(10a)ߩ଀ᢥߦ߅޿ߡ go ߪ૶ࠊࠇߥ޿ߩߦኻߒߡ㧘(11a)ߢߪ
go ߽૶↪น⢻ߢ޽ࠆߩ߆ߦߟ޿ߡߪ૗߽ㅀߴߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ໧㗴ߦኻߒߡਛỈ (2002)ߪ㧘go ࠍឃ㒰ߒ come ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߪ㧘⡞߈ᚻߩሽ࿷ߦട߃ߡ㧘೔㆐࿾߇⡞߈ᚻߩ૏⟎ߣߒߡࠃࠅ⏕┙ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߦ㑐ଥߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘(10a)ߩ your office ߩࠃ߁ߦ⡞߈ᚻߩᕡᏱ⊛ߥ૏⟎ߢ޽ࠆ႐วߩᣇ߇㧘(11a)ߩ
library ߩࠃ߁ߦ⡞߈ᚻߣ೔㆐࿾ߩ⚿߮ߟ߈߇Ꮧ⭯ߥ႐วࠃࠅ߽㧘come ࠍㆬᛯߒ߿ߔߊߔࠆߣ
ਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ਛỈ (2002)ߢߪ㧘⡞߈ᚻߣ೔㆐࿾ߩ⚿߮ߟ߈߇ come ߣ go ߩㆬᛯߦᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬߽ߒ⡞߈ᚻ߇㐳޿ᤨ㑆೔㆐࿾ߦ޿ࠆߎߣ߇⡞߈ᚻߣ೔㆐࿾ߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ߩᒝߐࠍ␜ߔߩߢ޽ࠇ
߫㧘೔㆐࿾ߦ home ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ଀ߩ႐วߪ଀ᢥ(11a)ߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߢߪߥߊ㧘଀ᢥ(10a)ߣหߓࠃ
߁ߦ go ߢߪߥߊ come ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߪߕߢ޽ࠆ‫ ࠄߥߗߥޕ‬home ߪ⡞߈ᚻߣߩ⚿߮ߟ߈߇(10a)Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ

61

ߩ your office ࠃࠅ߽ߪࠆ߆ߦᒝ޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠄ߇ߥߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ਛỈ (2002)߆ࠄ
੍ᗐߐࠇࠆߎߣߣߪ෻ߒ㧘એਅߩ଀߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘೔㆐࿾߇ home ߢ߽ come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇૶
↪ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬12 a.

Come home before dark.

This area is not very safe.

b.

My earnest advice to you is to go home and reconsider.

c.

Fortunately, the boss had compassion on me and allowed me to go home early.
(⧷๺ᵴ↪)(12a)ߩ଀ᢥߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ᜰ␜ᤨߦ⡞߈ᚻ߇೔㆐࿾ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߢ㧘come home ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘(12b)ߩ଀ᢥߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘(12a)ߣห᭽ߦᜰ␜ᤨߦ⡞߈ᚻ߇೔㆐࿾ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ߇㧘go home ߇૶ࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫(ޕ‬12c)ߩ଀ᢥߪ㧘ᜰ␜ᤨߦ⹤ߒᚻ߇೔㆐࿾ߦ޿ࠆ႐วߢ go ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄ߩ଀߆ࠄࠊ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘(10a)ߩ଀ᢥߣ(11a)ߩ଀ᢥߦ߅ߌࠆ come ߣ go ߩㆬᛯߩ㆑޿ߪ
your office ߣ⡞߈ᚻߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ߩᒝߐ߹ߚߪ library ߣ⡞߈ᚻߩ⚿߮ߟ߈ߩᒝߐߛߌߛߣߪ⠨߃ߦߊ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬໧㗴ߪ㧘(8c)ߩ໧㗴ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆߣ߈ߦౣ߮⸅ࠇߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᦨᓟߦ㧘(8c)ߩ໧㗴㧘ߟ߹ࠅ come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇ㆬᛯน⢻ߥ႐ว㧘come ࠍㆬࠎߛ႐วߣ goࠍㆬࠎߛ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߤߩࠃ߁ߥ㆑޿߇޽ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬એਅߩ଀ࠍ⷗ߡߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬
13 a.
b.

I’m going to your graduation.
I’m coming to your graduation.
(Radden et al (2007: 24))(13a)ߣ(13b)ߪേ⹖ߩㇱಽߩߺ߇⇣ߥࠆࡒ࠾ࡑ࡞ࡍࠕߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᜰ␜ᤨߦ⡞߈ᚻ(ߣ⹤ߒᚻ)߇೔㆐
࿾ߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߢ㧘⴫ 1 ߩࠤ࡯ࠬ 8 ߦ⋧ᒰߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Radden et al (2007)ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘go ߇ ૶ ↪ ߐ ࠇ ߡ ޿ ࠆ (13a) ߩ ଀ ᢥ ߦ ߪ ਛ ┙ ⊛ ߥ ⸃ ㉼ (neutral) ߽ ߒ ߊ ߪ ⢿ ㄼ ⊛ ߥ ⸃ ㉼(threatening)߇޽ࠅ㧘(13b)ߢߪ㧘come ࠍ૶↪ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ⡞߈ᚻߩ┙႐ߦ┙ߞߡ޿ࠆߎ
ߣࠍ⴫ߒ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡᅢᗧ⊛ߥ(sympathetic)߽ߒߊߪৼካߥ(polite)ᗵߓࠍਈ߃ࠆߣߒߡ޿
ࠆ‫ޕ‬ Radden et al (2007)ߪ㧘⊒⹤ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⡞߈ᚻ߇ฃߌขࠆ߆ߦࠃߞߡ come ߣ go ߩ㆑޿ࠍ⺑᣿ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ‫ߒ⹤ࠍࠇߎޕ‬ᚻߩ┙႐߆ࠄ⷗ࠆߣ㧘⹤ߒᚻߪߎࠇࠄߩേ⹖
ߩㆬᛯࠍㅢߓߡ㧘਄ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߥലᨐࠍ⡞߈ᚻߦਈ߃ࠃ߁ߣߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ (13)ߩ଀߆ࠄ⸒߃ࠆߎߣߩ৻ߟߪ㧘⡞߈ᚻߣ೔㆐࿾ߩዻᕈߩ໧㗴ߛߌߢߪߥߊ㧘⡞߈ᚻߣ೔㆐࿾ࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦ⹤ߒᚻ߇ᝒ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁⹤ߒᚻߩ⹺⍮ߩ໧㗴ߣ޿߃ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᧄ⺰ߢߪ㧘⚕᏷ߩㇺว਄(7a)߿(13)ߩ଀ߩࠃ߁ߥਥ⺆߇৻ੱ⒓ߩ႐วߦ㒢ቯߔࠆ 1)‫ޕ‬ (8c)ߩ໧㗴ࠍ‫ޟ‬ቴⷰ⊛ᛠី‫ޟߣޠ‬ਥⷰ⊛ᛠី‫ߩޠ‬⠨߃ᣇࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘⹤ߒᚻ߇ߤߩࠃ߁ߦ੐ᘒ
ࠍᝒ߃ߡ޿ࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁ⷞὐ߆ࠄ⠨ኤߒߚ޿‫ߩߎޕ‬⠨߃ᣇߪ࿑ 1 ߩࠃ߁ߦ࿑ᑼൻߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
࿑ 1 ߪ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ⊒⹤⠪߇ setting ߣ๭߫ࠇࠆ⢛᥊ߦ߅޿ߡ⿠ߎࠆ⁁ᴫࠍߤߩࠃ
߁ߦ⹺⍮ߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 1(a)ߪ㧘ቴⷰ⊛ᛠីࠍ࿑ᑼൻߒߚ߽ߩߢ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߢ޽ࠆ⹤ߒᚻ߇ setting ߩਛߦ߽⃻ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩߘޕ‬⢛᥊ߩਛߦ⃻ࠇߚ‫⹺ࠍޠ⑳ޟ‬⍮ਥ૕ߩ߽߁৻ੱ
ߩ‫ࠅߥߦߣߎࠆ޿ߡ⷗߇ޠ⑳ޟ‬㧘⹤⠪ߩቴ૕ൻ(Langacker (1987))߿⥄Ꮖߩઁ⠪ൻ(ᳰ਄ (2003))

62ᯅ  ᧄ

ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ߁ࠃߩߎߪ⺆⧷ޕ‬ቴⷰ⊛ߦ੐ᘒࠍᛠីߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߪ࿑ 1(b)ߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘⢛᥊ߩਛߦ‫ߪޠ⑳ޟ‬ၒᴚߒߡ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕߆ࠄߪ⷗߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᝒ߃ᣇߪਥⷰ⊛ᛠីߣ๭߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  ቴⷰ⊛ᛠីߣਥⷰ⊛ᛠី⨹Ꮉ㨯᫪ጊ (a)                          (b)                                                                                          ⑳                                                                                                     setting           setting                                                                                                       ⑳                    ⑳       (⹺⍮ਥ૕)(⹺⍮ਥ૕)

 ଀߃߫㧘‫ߪߦ⑳ޟ‬ᆷ߇޿ࠆ‫⁁ޠ‬ᴫߢߪ㧘⧷⺆ߣᣣᧄ⺆ߢߘࠇߙࠇએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ⴫ߔ‫ޕ‬
14 a.
b.

I have a daughter.
ᆷ߇޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬(⨹Ꮉ㨯᫪ጊ (2009: 85))⧷⺆ߢߪ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕߇ setting ߩਛߦ޿ࠆઁ⠪ൻߐࠇߚ⑳(࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯)ߣᆷ(࡜ࡦ࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢ)ߣ߽⢛᥊ߩਛߩ࿑ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘ਔ⠪ߣ߽⸒⺆ൻߐࠇ㧘଀ᢥ(14a)ߩࠃ߁ߦઁ
േ⹖᭴ᢥߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆ 2)‫ޕ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ߢߪ㧘‫ߪޠ⑳ޟ‬⢛᥊ߩਛߦၒ߽ࠇߡߒ߹޿㧘ᆷߩߺ߇࠻࡜
ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߣߒߡ૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇࠆߩߢ㧘(14b)ߩࠃ߁ߦ⥄േ⹖᭴ᢥߣߒߡ⴫⃻ߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ⨹Ꮉ㨯᫪ጊ (2009)ߪ㧘ߎߩ⠨߃ࠍ⧷⺆ߩ come ߦㆡ↪ߒߡ㧘ߥߗ⹤ߒᚻ߇⡞߈ᚻߦ⒖േߔࠆ႐วߣ⡞߈ᚻ߇⹤ߒᚻߦ⒖േߔࠆ႐วߩਔᣇߣ߽หߓേ⹖ come ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߩࡍ࡯ࠫߦ޽ࠆ࿑ 2(a)ߢߪ㧘ᄥ✢ߩ౞ߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯(⹤ߒᚻ)߇㧘⚦✢ߩ౞ߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⡞߈ᚻ߳ߩ⒖േࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 2(b)ߢߪ㧘ᄥ✢ߩ౞ߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ࠻࡜ࠫ
ࠚࠢ࠲࡯(⡞߈ᚻ)߇㧘⚦✢ߩ౞ߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⹤ߒᚻ߳ߩ⒖േࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 2 ࠍ⷗ߡಽ߆
ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ቴⷰ⊛ᛠីࠍߔࠆ⧷⺆ߢߪ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߦߣߞߡߤߜࠄߩ⒖േ߽หߓࠃ߁ߦ⷗߃ߡߒ
߹߁‫ߡߞ߇ߚߒޕ‬㧘⧷⺆ߢߪਔᣇߩ႐วߦ߅޿ߡหߓേ⹖ come ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ઁᣇ㧘ᣣᧄ⺆ߪਥⷰ⊛ᛠីࠍߔࠆ⸒⺆ߛߣ઒ቯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ㧘࿑ 1(b)߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⹤
ߒᚻ߆ࠄ⡞߈ᚻ߳ߩ⒖േߣ⡞߈ᚻ߆ࠄ⹤ߒᚻ߳ߩ⒖േߪ⇣ߥࠆ⷗߃ᣇߦߥࠆ‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘㆑߁േ⹖ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ⺑᣿ߪ㕖Ᏹߦࠊ߆ࠅ߿ߔߊ⺑ᓧജ߇޽ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ߇㧘ᱷᔨߥߎߣߦ go ߩ⒖േߦ㑐ߒߡߩ࿑ᑼൻ߇␜ߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘߹ߚ come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ႐วߩ⹺⍮ਥ૕ߩᝒ߃ᣇߩ
Ꮕߦߟ޿ߡߩ⸒෸߽ߥ޿‫ޕ‬

Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ࿑  ⧷⺆ߩ EQOG⨹Ꮉ㨯᫪ጊ 63  (a)                  (b)                                                                                                                          come                 come                                                                                                                                                 ߎߩ┨ߩᱷࠅߢߪ㧘come ߣ go ߩਔᣇ߇૶↪ߢ߈ࠆ႐วߩ⹺⍮ਥ૕ߩᝒ߃ᣇߩᏅߦߟ޿ߡ⠨ኤߒߚ޿‫߼ߚߩߘޕ‬㧘߹ߕએਅߩ଀ࠍ⠨߃ࠆ‫ޕ‬
15 a.
b.

I’m going to your graduation.

(= 13)

I’m coming to your graduation.
(Radden et al (2007: 24))

଀ᢥ(15)ࠍ࿑ᑼൻߔࠆߩߦ㧘࿑ 2 ߢߪ come ߽ go ߽หߓ࿑ᑼߦߥࠄߑࠆࠍᓧߥ޿ߚ߼㧘ᧄ⺰ߢߪ㧘ᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ (2008)ߢ⚫੺ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㆏ౕ┙ߡࠍ૶↪ߔࠆ‫ߪߢߎߘޕ‬㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕߇ᛠីߔࠆ
੐ᘒࠍዋߥߊߣ߽ 4 ߟߦಽ㘃ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߜ߁ߩߘޕ‬㧘ᧄ⺰ߦ㑐ㅪߔࠆߩߪ B ࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߛߣᕁࠊࠇ
ࠆߩߢ㧘ߘࠇࠍએਅ⚫੺ߔࠆ 3)‫ޕ‬B:

ਥ૕(C)ߪ㧘੐ᘒߩᄖ߆ࠄ⥄ࠄ߇ෳਈ⠪ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ੐ᘒ(O)ࠍᛠីߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  ࡄ࡯ࠬࡍࠢ࠹ࠖࡉߣਥ૕ߩᓎഀ

ᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ                                                    IS                                  C        O                                                MS                                                                                                                  C                         
࿑ 3 ߩ㐳ᣇᒻߩ㗔ၞߪᦨᄢ㗔ၞ(Maximal Scope: MS)ߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘᭎ᔨൻߩኻ⽎ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߔ
ߴߡߩሽ࿷ࠍ฽߻㗔ၞߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㐳ᣇᒻߩਛߦ޽ࠆᬦ౞ᒻߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞߪ⋥ធࠬࠦ࡯ࡊ
(Immediate Scope: IS)ߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘MS ߩਛߢࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆሽ࿷ࠍᦨ߽⋥ធ⊛ߦ․ᓽ
ߠߌߡ޿ࠆ㗔ၞߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬C ߪᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ (2008)ߦ߅޿ߡਥ૕ߣ๭߫ࠇ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕߽ߒߊߪ⊒⹤⠪ߣหߓ߽ߩߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄥ✢ߪࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ࠍ⴫ߒ㧘C ߆ࠄ಴ߡ޿ࠆ⍫ශߪ㧘⍫ශߦᜰ

64

ᯅ  ᧄ

ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆኻ⽎ࠍ C ߇ᛠីߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⴫ߒ㧘ੑߟߩ C ࠍ⚿ࠎߢ޿ࠆὐ✢ߪ C ⥄ࠄ߇ෳਈ⠪ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߡߒߣ଀ߩߎޕ‬㧘એਅߩᢥ߇޽ߍࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
16 We are approaching Tokyo.
(ᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ (2008: 94))⊒⹤⠪ߢ޽ࠆ⹺⍮ਥ૕߇ we ࠍ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߣߒߡ㧘Tokyo ࠍ࡜ࡦ࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢߣߒߡ⹺⍮ߒ㧘
we ߇ Tokyo ߦㄭߠ߈ߟߟ޽ࠆ੐ᘒࠍᛠីߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ࿑ 3 ߪ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Primary figure
ߢ޽ࠆ we ߇ᢥߩਥ⺆ߣߒߡ⴫ߐࠇ㧘secondary figure ߢ޽ࠆ Tokyo ߇േ⹖ߩ⋥ធ⋡⊛⺆ߣߒߡ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀ᢥ(15b)ࠍ࿑ 3 ߦၮߠ޿ߡ࿑ᑼൻߔࠆߣ㧘࿑ 4 ߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  EQOG ߩ࿑ᑼൻ                                                      IS                    C                                                   MS                                                                             C                                      ⹺⍮ਥ૕ C ߇⹤ߒᚻߢ޽ࠆ⑳(I)ࠍ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߣߒߡᛠីߒ㧘࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯߇೔㆐࿾(yourgraduation)߳ะ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ੐ᘒࠍ C ߇ᛠីߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍ࿑ 4 ߪ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬೔㆐࿾߇ᄥ✢ߩ౞ߢߪߥ޿ߩߪ㧘⋥ធ⋡⊛⺆ߢߪߥߊ㧘೨⟎⹖ฏߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬࿑ߪ㧘⹤ߒᚻ߇⡞߈ᚻߩ޿ࠆ႐ᚲߦ⒖േߔࠆ႐วࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘⡞߈ᚻ߇⹤ߒᚻߩ޿ࠆ႐ᚲߦ⒖േߔ
ࠆ႐ว߽ၮᧄ⊛ߦ࿑ 4 ߢ⴫␜ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬೔㆐࿾ߢ޽ࠆ C ࠍ࿐ࠎߢ޽ࠆᄥ✢ࠍ⚦✢ߦߒ㧘⚦✢ߩ౞ࠍᄥ✢ߦߔࠇ߫ߔ߻ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว߽㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕߆ࠄߩ⷗߃ߪ㧘⹤ߒᚻ߆ࠄ⡞߈ᚻ߳ߩ⒖േߣหߓߢ޽ࠅ㧘ߤߜࠄߩ⒖േߦߒߡ߽㧘come ߇૶ࠊࠇࠆߎߣࠍ⺑᣿น⢻ߦߔࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᰴߦ଀ᢥ(15a)ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ࿑ᑼൻߔࠆߎߣ߇಴᧪ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑  IQ ߩ࿑ᑼൻ                                        IS                             C                                               MS                                                  C                                              ⹺⍮ਥ૕ C ߇⹤ߒᚻߢ޽ࠆ⑳(I)ࠍ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߣߒߡᛠីߒ㧘࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯߇೔㆐࿾(yourgraduation)߳ะ߆ߞߡ޿ࠆ੐ᘒࠍᛠីߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣߣ೔㆐࿾߇⚦✢ߩ౞ߢ⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆὐߪ㧘

Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ

65

࿑ 4 ߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠆߥ⇣ޕ‬ὐߪ㧘೔㆐࿾߇ IS ߩᄖߩ MS 㗔ၞߦ޽ࠆὐߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬೔㆐࿾ࠍߎߩ
ࠃ߁ߦ IS ߩᄖߦ⟎ߊ೑ὐߩ৻ߟߪ㧘go ߢߪ⹤ߒᚻ߳ߩ⒖േ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߎߣࠍ⺑᣿น⢻ߦߔࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘⡞߈ᚻ߇⹤ߒᚻߦ⒖േߔࠆ੐ᘒࠍ go ߢߪ࿑ᑼൻߢ߈ߥ޿ߎ
ߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬႐ว㧘࿑ 5 ߢ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߢ޽ߞߚ C ߇ MS ߢ࿾ߣߒߡၒᴚߒߡߒ߹߁ߎߣ
ߦߥࠅ㧘IS ߦ C ߇ሽ࿷ߖߕ㧘ၮ⋚ߣߒߚ࿑ 4 ߩቴⷰ⊛ᛠីࠍ⛽ᜬߢ߈ߥ޿ߚ߼ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩᝒ߃ᣇ߇ᱜߒ޿ߣߔࠆߣ㧘⴫ 1 ߩࠤ࡯ࠬ 1 ߆ࠄ 3 ߢߥߗ go ߇૶↪ߢ߈ߥ޿߆߇ߎߩ࿑
ᑼൻ߆ࠄ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ᦨᓟߦ(15a)ߣ(15b)ߩᝒ߃ᣇߩ㆑޿ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘ߎߩ࿑ᑼൻ߆ࠄ૗߇⸒߃ࠆߩ߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ޕ‬਄ߩ࿑ᑼൻߢㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߩߪ㧘೔㆐࿾߳ߩ⒖േߦኻߒ㧘come ߩ႐วߪ IS ౝߦሽ࿷ߒ㧘go ߩ႐วߪ IS ᄖߦ޽ࠆߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬IS ౝߦ޽ࠆߣ⸒߁ߎߣߪ㧘࿑ 3 ࠍ⺑᣿ߒߚߣ߈ߦ
ㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߦߣߞߡ․ᓽ⊛ߥሽ࿷ߦ⷗߃ߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Radden et al (2007)߇ᜰ៰ߒߚ଀ᢥ(15a)ߣ(15b)ߩᗧ๧ߩ㆑޿ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘⺆↪⺰⊛ߥⷐ࿃(⹤ߒᚻߣ⡞߈ᚻߩ㑐ଥ㧘⢛᥊⍮⼂㧘⹤⠪ߩᗧ࿑ߥߤ)ߣ IS ౝߦ೔㆐࿾߳ߩ⒖േ߇૏⟎ߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߤ߁߆ߣߩ⋧੕૞↪߆ࠄᗧ๧߇┙ߜ਄߇ߞߡߊࠆ߽ߩߛߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬Come ߩ႐วߪ㧘IS ౝߦ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘ઁߩ⺆↪⺰⊛ⷐ⚛ߣߩ⋧੕૞↪߆ࠄ‫ޟ‬ᅢᗧ⊛‫ৼޟߢޠ‬ካ‫ࠇ߹↢߇㉼⸃ߥޠ‬㧘go ߩ႐วߪ IS ߩᄖߦ޽ࠆߩߢ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߦߣߞߡ․ᓽ⊛ߥሽ࿷ߣߒߡ⷗߃ߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘⺆↪⺰⊛ߥⷐ࿃ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌߥ߇ࠄ㧘ਛ┙⊛߹ߚߪ⢿ㄼ⊛ߥ⺒ߺ߇↢߹ࠇࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬

2

Come ߣ go ߩ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦߟ޿ߡߎߩ┨ߢߪ㧘1 ┨ߢ᭎ⷰߒߚ come ߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺ߇᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦߤߩࠃ߁ߦ෻ᤋߒߡ޿ࠆߩ
߆ࠍ⠨ኤߔࠆ‫ᦨޕ‬ೋߦ㧘Clark (1974)ߩ઒⺑ߣ਄㊁ (2007)ߩ⠨߃ࠍ◲ẖߦ⚫੺ߒߚ߁߃ߢ㧘ၮ
ᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߩ㑐ଥࠍ⠨ኤߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ਄㊁ (2007)ߦࠃࠆߣ㧘Clark (1974)ߩ઒⺑ߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦ߹ߣ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿑ 㧦 %NCTM  ߩ઒⺑   ਄㊁ 

㧨᭎ᔨ㧪



㧨⋥␜㧪

    ‛ℂ⊛⒖േ

⹤ߒᚻ࡮⡞߈ᚻਛᔃߩ⒖േ

    ᛽⽎⊛⒖േᱜᏱ࡮㕖ᱜᏱ߳ߩ⁁ᘒᄌൻ‛ℂ⊛⒖േࠍ⴫ߔേ⹖߇᛽⽎⊛⒖േߔߥࠊߜ⁁ᘒᄌൻࠍ⴫ߔߎߣߪࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ⸒⺆⃻⽎ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬Clark (1974)ߩ઒⺑ߢߪ㧘⹤ߒᚻ㨯⡞߈ᚻߩ㗔ၞߦ⒖േߔࠆߎߣࠍ⴫ߔ come ߪ㧘᛽⽎⊛⒖േࠍ⴫ߔ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ‫ޟ‬ᱜᏱߥ⁁ᘒᄌൻ‫ߒ⴫ࠍޠ‬㧘⹤ߒᚻ㨯⡞߈ᚻએᄖߩ㗔ၞߦ⒖േߔࠆ
go ߪ㧘᛽⽎⊛⒖േࠍ⴫ߔ႐วߦ߅޿ߡ‫⇣ޟ‬Ᏹߥ⁁ᘒᄌൻ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕࠆ޿ߡࠇߐߣߔ⴫ࠍޠ‬㧘⹤ߒᚻ㨯⡞߈ᚻ߳ߩ⒖േ߇ᱜᏱߥ⁁ᘒᄌൻ (ߟ߹ࠅࡐࠫ࠹ࠖࡉߥଔ୯ઃߌ) ߦ㧘ߘߒߡ⹤ߒᚻ㨯⡞߈ᚻએᄖ߳ߩ⒖േ߇⇣Ᏹߥ⁁ᘒᄌൻ (ߟ߹ࠅࡀࠟ࠹ࠖࡉߥଔ୯ઃߌ) ߦ㑐ㅪߠߌࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ઒⺑ߪ଀(17)ߩࠃ߁ߥᄙߊߩ଀ࠍ⺑᣿ߢ߈ࠆ‫ޕ‬

66

ᯅ  ᧄ

17 a.
b.

Her father’s going senile/blind/deaf.
The idea of going grey doesn’t bother me, but I’d hate to go bald.
(CALD)(17a)ߩ଀ߪ㧘⹺⍮∝ߦߥߞߚࠅ㧘⋡߇⷗߃ߥߊߥߞߚࠅ㧘⡊߇⡞ߎ߃ߥߊߥߞߚࠅߣ⇣Ᏹߥ⁁ᘒᄌൻࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘go ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫(ޕ‬17b)ߢ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒᄌൻ(⊕㜬߇Ⴧ߃ߚࠅ㧘㗡߇ߪߍࠆߎߣ)ߪ㧘(17a)ߢ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᘒᄌൻߦᲧߴߚࠄ㧘⇣Ᏹߥ⁁ᘒᄌൻߣߪ⸒߃ߥ޿߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿߇㧘ߎߩ႐ว߽ go ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 4)‫ޕ‬ ᰴߩ଀ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ߤߜࠄߣ߽޿޿ᣇะߦᄌൻߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߚ߼㧘come ߇૶↪ߐࠇࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬18 a.
b.

Her dream came true.
The motor came alive again.
(቟⮮ (2005: 51))

Clark (1974)ߩ઒⺑ߪ㧘ߥߗ come ߪ‫⁁޿޿ޟ‬ᘒᄌൻ‫ߒ⴫ࠍޠ‬㧘go ߪ‫ޟ‬ᖡ޿⁁ᘒᄌൻ‫ߔ⴫ࠍޠ‬ߩ߆ࠍ㧘‛ℂ⊛ߥ⒖േߣ㑐ㅪߠߌߡ߁߹ߊ⺑᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߘࠇߢ߽߹ߛ߁߹ߊ⺑᣿ߢ߈ߥ޿
଀߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬
਄㊁ (2007)ߢߪ㧘‫ޟ‬ᖡ޿⁁ᘒᄌൻ‫ࠆ޿ߡߒ⴫ࠍޠ‬႐วߢ߽㧘come ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀ࠍએਅ
ߩࠃ߁ߦ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬
19 a.

The knot [came / *went] untied.

b.

The door [came / *went] unhinged.

c.

The shoelace [came / *went] undone.
(਄㊁ (2007: 365))(19a)ߣ(19c)ߩ଀ߢߪ⚌ߩ⚿߮⋡߇⸃ߌߚ⁁ᘒࠍᜰߒ㧘(19b)ߢߪ࠼ࠕߩⲔ⇟߇ᄖࠇߚߎߣࠍ⴫
ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫⁁ޕ‬ᘒ߇ᖡ޿ᣇߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘come ߪ૶߃ߡ㧘go ߪ૶߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ઁᣇ㧘⁁ᘒ߇޿޿ᣇะߦᄌൻߒߡ޿ࠆߩߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘એਅߩ଀ߢߪ come ߪ૶߃ߕ㧘go ࠍ૶ࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ޕ‬
20 a.

Take two tablets of this medicine after each meal until the pain [goes / *comes]
away.

b.

My fatigue was [gone / *come] after lying down to rest for some time.
(਄㊁ (2007: 370-371))

଀ᢥ(20a)ߩ଀ߪ㧘∩ߺ߇޽ߞߚ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄ∩ߺ߇ߥߊߥߞߚ⁁ᘒࠍ⴫ߒ㧘଀ᢥ(20b)߽ห᭽ߦ∋ࠇ߇޽ߞߚ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄߥߊߥߞߚ⁁ᘒࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߎߩ໧㗴ࠍ⸃᳿ߔࠆߚ߼ߦ㧘਄㊁ (2007)ߪ‫⃻ޟ‬ታ਎⇇ߢߩᏱ⼂‫⺆⸒ޟߣޠ‬਎⇇ߩ੐ታ‫ࠍޠ‬ಽߌߥߌࠇ߫⸃᳿ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ࠅ߹ߟޕ‬㧘⃻ታ਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆ⦟޿⁁ᘒᄌൻߣᖡ޿⁁ᘒᄌൻߣ⸒⺆਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆ⦟޿⁁ᘒᄌൻߣᖡ޿⁁ᘒᄌൻߢߪᜰߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ߇⇣ߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠆߣ㧘⸒⺆ߩ਎⇇ߢߪ‫ޟ‬ሽ࿷ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ‫ޟ߇ߣߎޠ‬ᅢ߹ߒ޿⁁ᘒߦߥࠆ‫ޠ‬ߎߣߢ޽ࠅ㧘
‫ޟ‬ᶖᄬߒߡߒ߹߁‫ޟ߇ߣߎޠ‬ᅢ߹ߒߊߥ޿⁁ᘒ‫ߢߩࠆ޿ߡࠇࠄ߃ᝒߣޠ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ሽ࿷‫ޠ‬ࠍ⴫ߔ႐วߪ come ߇㧘‫ޟ‬ᶖᄬ‫ߔ⴫ࠍޠ‬႐วߪ go ߇૶↪ߐࠇࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬

Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ67

 ଀ᢥ(21a)ߦ߅޿ߡߪ࿖߇ሽ࿷ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠅ㧘߹ߚ(21b)ߢߪ⦁߇ⷞ⇇ߦ౉ߞߡߊࠆࠃ߁ߦ
ߥࠆߩߢ㧘go ߢߪߥߊ come ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬
21 a.
b.

The country [came / * went] into existence a long time ago.
An island [came / * went] into sight.
(਄㊁ (2007: 371))

Come ߢߪߥߊ go ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ଀ᢥ(20)ߩ଀ߢߪ㧘∩ߺ߿∋ࠇ߇‫ޟ‬ᶖᄬ‫ߢߩࠆ޿ߡߒޠ‬㧘go߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ‫ޟ‬ሽ࿷‫ޟߣޠ‬ᶖᄬ‫ߩߟ৻ߦ߆⏕߇ޠ‬㊀ⷐߥⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆߣᕁࠊߖࠆ଀߇ᰴߩ଀ߢ޽ࠆ(strain ߪ
stain ߩ⺋ᬀߛߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ)‫ޕ‬
22 a.
b.

The strain (sic) in my shirt came out easily.
The strain (sic) went out like a magic, owing to the newly invented bleach.
(਄㊁ (2007: 373-374))

଀ᢥ(22a)ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘᦯ߦઃ޿ߚࠪࡒߪᳪࠇࠍ᜞߈ߣࠆߚ߼ߩᏓߦ⒖േߒߚߛߌߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᶖᄬߒߚࠊߌߢߪߥ޿‫ߡߞࠃޕ‬㧘go ߢߪߥߊ come ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫(ޕ‬22b)ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ࠪࡒ߇㝷
ᴺߩࠃ߁ߦᶖ߃෰ߞߚߎߣߦߥࠆߩߢ㧘come ߢߪߥߊ go ߇ㆬ߫ࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬หߓ⺑᣿ߪ଀ᢥ(17)ߩ଀ߦ߽ᒰߡߪ߹ࠆ‫ࠅߚߌ⸃߇⋡߮⚿ޕ‬㧘࠼ࠕ߇ᄖࠇߚࠅߒߡ߽㧘ሽ࿷ߘߩ߽ߩ߇ᶖ߃෰ߞߡ
޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߩߢ come ߇૶↪ߐࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ଀ᢥ(17)ߩ଀ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘‫ޟ‬ሽ࿷‫ޟߣޠ‬ᶖᄬ‫ߩޠ‬㆑޿߆ࠄߪ⺑᣿ߒߠࠄ޿଀߽޽ࠆ߇㧘ߎߎ߆ࠄߪ㧘⸒⺆ߩ਎⇇ߦ߅ߌࠆ‫ޟ‬ሽ࿷‫ޟߣޠ‬ᶖᄬ‫ߩޠ‬㆑޿ࠍ⹺⍮ਥ૕ߩᝒ߃ᣇߩ㆑޿ߦㆶరߐߖ㧘‛ℂ⊛⒖േࠍ⴫ߔ↪ᴺߣ⛔৻⊛ߥ⺑᣿ࠍ⹜ߺߚ޿‫ޕ‬ ╙ 1 ┨ߦ߅ߌࠆ come ߩ࿑ᑼൻ߆ࠄಽ߆ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߣ೔㆐࿾߳ߩ⒖േߪ IS ౝߦ޽ࠆ‫ ╙ޕ‬1 ┨ߢㅀߴߚࠃ߁ߦ㧘IS ౝߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩߪ MS ߢࡊࡠࡈࠔࠗ࡞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩࠍ⋥ធ⊛ߦ․ᓽߠߌߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫޿⸒ޕ‬឵߃ࠆߣ㧘⹺⍮ਥ૕ߦࠃߞߡ⋥ធ⷗߃ߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩߣᝒ߃
⋥ߔߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ߆߽ߒࠇߥ޿‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘go ߩ࿑ᑼൻߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘೔㆐࿾߳ߩ⒖േߪ IS ߩᄖߦ޽ࠆ߽ߩߣߒߡ㧘⡞߈ᚻ߇⹤ߒᚻ߳ߩ⒖േࠍ go ߢ⴫ߖߥ޿ߎߣࠍ╙ 1 ┨ߢㅀߴߚ‫ߩߎޕ‬⠨߃߇⺋ࠅߢߥߌࠇ߫㧘go ߦ߅ߌࠆ೔㆐࿾߳ߩ⒖േߪ⹺⍮ਥ૕߆ࠄߪ⷗߃ߥ޿ߎߣߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ⠨߃ࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ߥߗ come ߪ‫ޟ‬ሽ࿷‫ߔ␜ࠍޠ‬႐วߦ↪޿ࠄࠇ㧘go ߪ‫ޟ‬ᶖᄬ‫↪ࠍޠ‬޿ࠄࠇࠆߩ߆ࠍ㧘‛ℂ⊛⒖േߩ↪ᴺߣ㑐ㅪߠߌߡ⺑᣿น⢻ߦߥࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ߦࠆߔⷐޕ‬㧘ၮᧄ
↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ߅ߌࠆ come ߣ go ߩ㆑޿ࠍ㧘೔㆐࿾߳ߩ⒖േ߇ IS ߩౝߦ޽ࠆ߆ IS ߩᄖߦ޽ࠆ߆ߦㆶరߢ߈ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬

3 ߹ߣ߼ߣᱷߐࠇߚ⺖㗴⹺⍮⸒⺆ቇߩᨒ⚵ߺࠍ↪޿ߡ come ߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺߣߘߩ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺࠍ⛔৻⊛ߦᝒ߃ࠆߚ߼㧘╙ 1 ┨ߢߪ㧘ਥߦਛỈ (2002)ߦᓥߞߡ come ߣ go ߩၮᧄ↪ᴺࠍ᛼ߐ߃ߚ਄ߢ㧘ᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ (2008)ߩᨒ⚵ߺߢ come ߣ go ࠍ࿑ᑼൻߒ㧘߅ߩ߅ߩߩേ⹖ߩ․ᕈࠍᝒ߃ࠆ⹜ߺࠍߒߚ‫ ╙ޕ‬2 ┨ߢߪ㧘
Clark (1974)ߣ਄㊁ (2007)ࠍਥߦෳ⠨ߦߒߡ come ߣ go ߩ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺࠍ⸥ㅀߒߚ਄ߢ㧘╙ 1 ┨68

ᯅ  ᧄ

ߢߩ come ߣ go ߩ࿑ᑼൻ߇᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߢ߽ㆡ↪น⢻߆ߤ߁߆⠨ኤߒ㧘޽ࠆ৻ቯߩ৻⽾ᕈࠍᝒ߃ࠆ
ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ ߒ߆ߒߥ߇ࠄ㧘ᧄ⺰ߢߪ⴫ 1 ߩ 9 ߟߩࠤ࡯ࠬߔߴߡߦߟ޿ߡ⼏⺰ߒߡ޿ࠆࠊߌߢߪߥ޿ߎߣ㧘╙ 2 ߦ㧘come ߣ go ߩ࿑ᑼൻߪ⹺⍮ਥ૕߇หᤨߦ࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ႐วߒ߆⠨ኤߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߎߣ㧘╙ 3 ߦ㧘go ߩ࿑ᑼൻߦ߅޿ߡ೔㆐࿾߇ IS ߩᄖߦ޽ࠆߎߣࠍ␜ߔ⁛┙ߒߚᩮ᜚ࠍ␜ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߥߤ߹ߛᄙߊߩ⺖㗴߇ᱷߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘੹ᓟߩ⎇ⓥߦᓙߜߚ޿‫ޕ‬⸼
1㧕ਥ⺆߇ 3 ੱ⒓ߩ႐ว㧘એਅߩ଀߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘⹤ߒᚻ߽ߒߊߪ⡞߈ᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦ೔㆐࿾
ߦ޿ࠆ߆ߤ߁߆ߢ㧘come ߣ go ߩㆬᛯߩ㆑޿߇⃻ࠇߡߊࠆࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
i

a.
b.
c.
d.

John came to my room when I was there.
John came to your room when you were there.
John went to my room when I was not there.
John went to your room when you were not there.

(ᳰ਄ (1981: 102-103))
଀ᢥ(ia)ߣ(ib)߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘೔㆐࿾ߦ⹤ߒᚻ߽ߒߊߪ⡞߈ᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦሽ࿷ߔࠆ႐วߪ㧘come ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘଀ᢥ(ic)ߣ(id)߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘೔㆐࿾ߦ⹤ߒᚻ߽ߒߊߪ⡞߈ᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦሽ࿷ߒߥ޿႐วߪ㧘go ߇ㆬᛯߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᢎ᝼߇⒁ᦠߦ㔚⹤ߢવ߃ߡ޿ࠆ
႐㕙ߢߩ⊒⹤ߢ޽ࠆᰴߩ଀߇␜ߒߡ޿ࠆࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᔅߕߒ߽⹤ߒᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦሽ࿷ߒߥ޿႐วߢ
߽㧘come ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ii

When John comes to my office, tell him …

(ᳰ਄ (1981: 102-103))ߐࠄߦ㧘⹤ߒᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦሽ࿷ߒߡ߽㧘go ߇૶↪ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ଀߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᰴߩ 2 ଀ߪ google ᬌ⚝ߦࠃߞߡ⷗ߟߌߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ(google ᬌ⚝ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘⧷⺆ߩࡍ࡯ࠫࠍᜰቯߒ㧘࿾ၞࠍࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ
วⴐ࿖ߦ㒢ቯߒߚ)‫ޕ‬
iii

a.
b.

He goes to my office after his work and fetches me...we go home together.
On Thursdays she goes to my office and works for about two hours. After that wenormally go to have supper.

ߎߩ 2 ଀ߣ߽㧘ᢥ⣂߆ࠄ office ߦ⹤ߒᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ࠆߣផ᷹ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠄ߆ߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘⹤ߒᚻ߿⡞߈ᚻ߇ᜰ␜ᤨߦሽ࿷ߔࠆߎߣ߽㊀ⷐߥⷐ࿃ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯߇ 3 ੱ⒓ߩ႐ว߽⹺⍮ਥ૕߇੐ᘒࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߦᛠីߒߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߥ޿ߣ਄⸥ߩ଀ߪ߁߹ߊ⺑᣿ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬
2㧕ᷓ↰㨯ખᧄ (2008)ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߣ࡜ࡦ࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢߪ㧘ੑߟߩሽ࿷ߩ㑐ଥࠍ⴫ߔ↪⺆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬㓙┙ߜߩ㜞޿߽ߩ(primary figure)߇࠻࡜ࠫࠚࠢ࠲࡯ߢ㧘ߎࠇࠍ૏⟎ߠߌࠆෳᾖὐߣߒߡ
ᯏ⢻ߒߡ޿ࠆ߽ߩ(secondary figure)߇࡜ࡦ࠼ࡑ࡯ࠢߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
3㧕ᱷࠅߩ A, C, D ߩࡄ࠲࡯ࡦߪએਅߩㅢࠅߢ޽ࠆ(࿑ߪ⋭⇛ߔࠆ)‫ޕ‬A : ਥ૕(C)ߪ㧘੐ᘒߩᄖ߆ࠄ⥄ࠄ߇ෳਈ⠪ߣߪߥߞߡ޿ߥ޿੐ᘒ(O)ࠍᛠីߔࠆ‫ޕ‬C : ਥ૕(C)ߪ㧘੐ᘒ߇⿠ߎࠆ႐ࠍᒻᚑߒ㧘ߘߩ਄ߢ੐ᘒ(O)ࠍᛠីߔࠆ‫ޕ‬D : ਥ૕(C)ߪ㧘੐ᘒߩਛߦ౉ߞߡߘߩ੐ᘒ(O)ࠍᛠីߔࠆ‫ޕ‬

Come ߣ Go ߦ߅ߌࠆၮᧄ↪ᴺߣ᜛ᒛ↪ᴺߦ㑐ߔࠆ৻⠨ኤ

69

4㧕એਅߩ଀߇␜ߔࠃ߁ߦ㧘⵬⺆߇ bald ߿ grey ߩ႐ว㧘come ࠍ૶↪ߒߡ޿ࠆ଀߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
ix

a.
b.

I recently bought some dummy heads, but they came bald. So I went to go gethair for my mannequin heads.
(⇛) the new hair came grey or white, while the hair on their head was black, (⇛)਄⸥ 2 ଀߽ google ᬌ⚝ߢ⷗ߟߌߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᬌ⚝᧦ઙߪ⸼ 1 ߢㅀߴߚ߽ߩߣหߓߢ޽ࠆ‫଀ޕ‬ᢥ(ixa)ߢߪ㧘߆ߟࠄߩ㜬ߩᲫ߇ᛮߌ⪭ߜߡ޿ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍㅀߴࠆߩߦ come ࠍ૶ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ઁޕ‬ᣇ㧘(ixb)ߢߪ㧘㜬ߩᲫ߇⊕ߊߥࠅߟߟ޽ࠆ⁁ᴫࠍㅀߴߡ޿ࠆߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ෳ⠨ᢥ₂቟⮮⽵㓶 (2005) ‫⃻ޡ‬ઍ⧷ᢥᴺ⻠⟵‫ ޢ‬㐿ᜏ␠㧘᧲੩.
⨹Ꮉᵗᐔ㨯᫪ጊᣂ (2009) ‫ޡ‬ᣣᧄ⺆ᢎᏧߩߚ߼ߩࠊ߆ࠆᔕ↪⹺⍮⸒⺆ቇ‫ ޢ‬ಠੱ␠㧘᧲੩.
Clark, E. V. (1974) “Normal States and Evaluative Viewpoints”, Language 50, 316-332.
Fillmore, C. J. (1997) Lectures on Deixis, CSLI Publications, Stanford.
ᷓ↰ᥓ㨯ખᧄᐽ৻㇢ (2008) ‫ޡ‬᭎ᔨൻߣᗧ๧ߩ਎⇇‫⹺ޢ‬⍮⸒⺆ቇߩࡈࡠࡦ࠹ࠖࠕ 3㧘⎇ⓥ␠㧘᧲੩.
ᳰ਄ཅᒾ (1981) ‫⺆⸒ߩޠࠆߥޟߣޠࠆߔޟޡ‬ቇ‫ ޢ‬ᄢୃ㙚ᦠᐫ㧘᧲੩.
ᳰ਄ཅᒾ (2003) ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ⺆⸒ޟ‬㧨ਥⷰᕈ㧪ߣ㧨ਥⷰᕈ㧪ߩ⸒⺆⊛ᜰᮡ (1) ‫⹺ޡ‬⍮⸒⺆ቇ⺰⠨‫ޢ‬3 ภ㧘1-49.
ᳰ਄ཅᒾ (2004) ‫ࠆߌ߅ߦ⺆⸒ޟ‬㧨ਥⷰᕈ㧪ߣ㧨ਥⷰᕈ㧪ߩ⸒⺆⊛ᜰᮡ (2) ‫⹺ޡ‬⍮⸒⺆ቇ⺰⠨‫ޢ‬4 ภ㧘1-60.
ዊ⷏෹৾ (✬) (1980) ‫⺆⧷ޡ‬ၮᧄേ⹖ㄉౖ‫⎇ ޢ‬ⓥ␠, ᧲੩.
Langacker, R. W. (1987) Foundations of Cognitive Grammar, vol. 1, Stanford University
Press, Stanford.
Langacker, R. W. (1990) “Subjectification.” Cognitive Linguistics 1, 5-38.
Levinson, S. C. (1983) Pragmatics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
ਛỈᕡሶ (2002) ‫ߩޠߊⴕޟߣޠࠆ᧪ޟޟ‬೔⌕ߔࠆߣߎࠈ‫⋥⿧↢ ޠ‬᮸ (✬) ‫ޡ‬ኻᾖ⸒⺆ቇ‫ޢ‬᧲੩ᄢቇ಴ ળ, ᧲੩.
Quirk, R., S. Greenbaum, G. Leech and J. Svartvik (1985) A Comprehensive Grammar of
the English Language, Longman, London.
Radden, G. and R. Dirven (2007) Cognitive English Grammar, John Benjamins,
Amsterdam.
਄㊁⟵๺ (2007)‫⺆⧷ޡ‬ᢎᏧߩߚ߼ߩലᨐ⊛⺆ᒵᜰዉᴺ̆⹺⍮⸒⺆ቇ⊛ࠕࡊࡠ࡯࠴̆‫⧷ ޢ‬ቲ␠㧘᧲੩.
Wierzbicka, A. (1988) The Semantics of Grammar, John Benjamins, Amsterdam.

ᒁ↪ߒߚㄉᦠߣߘߩ⇛ภ
Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary, (2003) Cambridge University Press.
Wordpower Dictionary for Learners of English, (2000) Oxford University Press.
(Wordpower)ᏒᎹ❥ᴦ㇢ (✬) (1995) ‫ޡ‬ᣂ✬ ⧷๺ᵴ↪ᄢㄉౖ‫⎇ ޢ‬ⓥ␠, ᧲੩. (⧷๺ᵴ↪)(CALD)

70

ᯅ  ᧄ

A Study of the Semantic Differences between Come and Go
HASHIMOTO, Mikio

Abstract
In this paper, I deal with verbal polysemy (come and go) within theframework of Cognitive Linguistics.

To account for the semantic

differences between come and go, I propose a schema model in which aconceptualizer recognizes an event and a trajector that refers to theconceptualizer.

I indicate that the differences between the two verbs

reflect the position of a goal in the event: the position is inside Immediate
Scope (IS) in the schema model (come) while it is outside IS in the model(go).
䇼Key words‫  ޤ‬Objective Perspective, Conceptualizer, Maximal Scope,
Immediate Scope, Trajector, Profile