Recommendationsof theEU-Japan Business Round Table
to the Leaders of the European Union and JapanTokyo, 20 April 2016
Working Party 4
Energy, Environment, Sustainable Growth(Final Version)

Working Party Leaders:Mr. Frédéric PATALOGOÏTY
President & Managing Director
AREVA Japan Co. Ltd.

Mr. Hideichi OKADA
Senior Executive Vice
President
NEC Corporation

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Introduction
Japan and the EU would like to support the final statement of the Paris Agreement, afair and effective framework adopted on December 12 by consensus of all countries
participating in the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP21), which
was held from November 30 to December 13, 2015.
The issue of climate change is one that must be addressed through the cooperation of
all countries and people. Amidst the recent inability of international conferences tocome to conclusions on other important issues requiring international-level discussions,the fact that the Paris Agreement was agreed upon by countries around the world insuch a short period of time makes it particularly noteworthy.
To ensure that all major emitting countries ratify this agreement, as well as to enhance
its fairness and effectiveness, it will be imperative to establish a system with which thepromises made by each ratifying country and the fulfillment of these promises can bereviewed internationally.
Meanwhile, Japan and the EU will not only need to steadily implement the domestic
measures that served as the basis for the formulation of their intended nationallydetermined contributions (INDC) but also undertake the tasks of developing lowcarbon technologies and transferring technology to developing countries withsignificant potential for making reductions.
In regard to energy issues, fossil fuels continue to be a mainstream energy source
even today. Going forward, it will be necessary to act in accordance with the Paris
Agreement in order to achieve greenhouse gas reductions.
For Japan and the EU, it will be crucial to carry on with efforts to secure safe, stable,
economical, and sustainable energy. The governments, enterprises, industries, andcitizens of Japan and the EU must not only prepare for natural disasters that could
potentially occur in each region as a result of global warming and implement crisis
management measures but also address energy system reform, the reduction ofenergy demand and greenhouse gases, and the resolution of environmental
conservation and other problems.

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Recommendations from both
European and Japanese industries
WP-4/#01*/EJ to EJ Change and harmony in the areas of energy and theenvironment
Diversification and destabilization of resource- and energy-supplying regions:
While the diversification of energy and resource supply sources through the full-scale
export of shale gas by the U.S., the lifting of sanctions on Iran, and other circumstances
is contributing to stable energy supplies and the leveling of abrupt and erratic pricefluctuations, the Middle East still plays a major role in the supply of energy to the world,and breeding grounds for civil war and terrorist activities exist within the region due tothe continued fragility of some governments there.
We have also begun to see signs of sectarian violence and terrorism even in Middle
Eastern regions that have been comparatively stable up until now. Moreover, in lightof piracy issues off the coast of Somalia, it remains important for us to ensure the safetyof sea lanes, including the Suez Canal and the Strait of Hormuz. The governments ofJapan and EU countries will continue their efforts to strengthen cooperation among
members of the international community to improve energy security.
The significant impact of the destabilization of energy prices on Japan and EU
countries that import energy:
There are both positive and negative aspects to the fall in oil prices for consuming
countries.
Growing dependence on oil from the Middle East, the world’s low-cost resource
superpower, means that the risk of a sharp rebound in price in the event of shrinking
oil investment would offset the economic benefits. And if the price drops to such a levelthat it does not bring investment to the supply sector, there will also be growing concern
over the stable supply of natural gas. Furthermore, incentives for the use of bio fuels
do not seem to be working, and there has been a major impact on investment in energy
efficient technologies and energy conservation measures. Also, in the unlikely eventthat a resource-rich country was to fall into a national financial crisis, it could lead to
growing geopolitical risks and the preservation of terrorist organizations.
Although declining resource prices have contributed to the short-term improvementof trade deficits in Japan and EU countries, it is important for these countries to fully
understand the impact that the stabilization of resource prices can have on energy
security, energy conservation, and energy efficiency, and to act accordingly.
The impact of rising energy demand in newly developing countries on national energy
policy changes and resource prices:
At COP21, expectations were high for efforts toward the introduction of energy
systems that are not only more low carbon but also more efficient. However, as was
also introduced in IEA WEO-2015, world energy consumption in the future will be
driven primarily by India, China, Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. It is
predicted that energy consumption will increase by one-third of present consumption
by 2040, and that the entire increase will be due to consumption in non-OECD
countries. The reduction of energy consumption in OECD countries is the result of
demographic changes, economic structure changes, and growing efficiency. By 2040,
energy consumption is expected to decrease by 15% in Europe, 12% in Japan, andWorking Party 4: Energy, Environment, Sustainable Growth
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3% in the U.S. With the world population expected to continue growing in the future,
the center of energy consumption is shifting from developed countries to newly
developing countries. While the export of shale gas by the U.S. is expected in the longrun, aggressive resource development by state-owned companies in newly developing
countries is currently being witnessed and competition for resources is becoming
fierce.
Japan and the EU are committed to working together to stabilize resource prices andimplement energy mix policies suitable for regional needs that will enable companies
to continue their business activities in a stable manner.
WP-4/#02**/EJ to EJ Basic energy policies
Harmonization of supply stability, economic efficiency, the environment, and safety
standards:
Energy forms the foundation of economic activities. Efforts to reduce energy demand
while at the same time ensuring the stable supply of energy and proper electricity rates
are not only critical to business operations but also have a profound impact on thecreation of new business opportunities. It is also important to give due consideration
to environmental load. Based on this perspective, the governments of Japan and EU
countries should carefully consider the resumption of nuclear power generation, which
can be an effective measure for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Cooperation with other countries from a global point of view:
In regard to the energy demand and supply structure of the world, changes indemand are occurring primarily in Asia, and the diversification of energy sources suchas natural gas, renewable energy, and nuclear power is becoming more pronounced.
Meanwhile, the impact on the global environment is being exacerbated, and energy
issues are becoming even more complex.
Amid these circumstances, Japan and the EU must promote a framework for a morecomprehensive collaborative alliance from the viewpoints of energy and theenvironment.
As such, it will be imperative to not only deepen our relationship with the IEA and
IAEA but also strengthen cooperation by exchanging information with our European
counterparts in various international committees.
Short-, medium-, and long-term energy strategies:
All of the countries participating in COP21 have affirmed their commitment tocontrolling carbon dioxide emissions as a countermeasure against global warming.
The key to this will be to balance economic growth with the reduction of CO2 emissions.
And while the decision to engage in global efforts to cut CO2 emissions was made at
COP21, it will be essential to ensure that these efforts are paired with economic growth
to make it possible to move forward with them in a sustainable manner.
Going forward, it will be important for governments, industries, and citizens to develop
a solid understanding of the current energy situation and consider which changes aretemporary or cyclical, and which are permanent. In addition, it will be necessary to
determine what kinds of risks and chances are conceivable for the future, identify what
can be done to make our energy systems more secure, reliable, and sustainable, andconsider short-, medium-, and long-term energy strategies.
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Achieving a stable supply of energy through a multi-layered energy supply structure:
There are invariably advantages and disadvantages to the adoption of every energy
source, and there is no form of energy that provides complete satisfaction from both astability and economic standpoint. In view of this, a multi-layered energy supply
structure capable of functioning not only during times of peace but also in emergencies
should be established.
Maintenance and upgrading of energy infrastructure:
To ensure the stable and adequate supply of energy, Japan and the EU must share
best practices for the construction of an energy value chain capable of achieving theprescribed energy mix and consider the upgrading of old equipment and facilities toimprove their safety.
WP-4/#03*/EJ to EJ Fossil fuels
Advantages and disadvantages of coal, oil, natural gas, and LP gas:
Although fossil fuels are known to emit greenhouse gases, they do excel in terms of
economic efficiency and output stability. Progress is currently being made toward thedevelopment and commercialization of highly efficient low-carbon alternatives, andgovernments should be providing support for these development andcommercialization efforts, as well promoting the use of these alternatives in developing
countries.
Still valued today as an important base-loaded power supply, coal-fired thermal
power poses little geopolitical risk. It should also be noted that fossil fuels remain low
in price as a form of thermal energy in developing countries.
Japan and the EU should contribute to countermeasures against global warming by
supporting the introduction of coal-fired thermal power characterized by high efficiency
and low CO2 emissions, such as ultra-supercritical coal-fired power, and thedevelopment of new technologies, such as carbon capture and storage (CCS).
WP-4/#04**/EJ to EJ Nuclear power
There is keen interest in nuclear power generation from the viewpoints of promoting
measures against global warming and stably securing energy that is less susceptible
to fluctuations in fossil fuel prices.
Nuclear power generation is also expected to play a major role in keeping the global
temperature rise this century below two degrees Celsius, which is the long-term aim of
the Paris Agreement reached at COP21. However, if we attempt to achieve this without
nuclear power, the cost of doing so will increase dramatically. At the same time, itwould lower the feasibility of achieving this aim, and we therefore believe it will be
impossible to accomplish without the inclusion of nuclear power generation.
A critical and competitive base-loaded power supply in regions without energy
resources:
Safe nuclear power generation plays an important role in the energy mix for Japanand the EU. Moreover, it contributes to giving Japan and the EU a competitive edge,
securing a low-cost base-load power source, ensuring grid stability, achieving
economic growth, and creating jobs.

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Rising expectations for nuclear energy and the importance of education and training
on ensuring safety:
Japan and the EU must cooperate to universalize lessons learned from the
Fukushima nuclear accident, as well as provide education and training in order toensure the safety of nuclear power generation.
Promotion of the resumption of operations at nuclear power plants in Japan where
safety checks have been completed:
The rising cost of coal-fired thermal power generation due to the shutdown of nuclear
power plants in Japan in 2013 has not only led to the destabilization of electricity prices
and increases in greenhouse gas emissions but also caused a decrease in thecompetitiveness of both Japanese and European companies in the Japanese market.
Taking into account economic reasons and greenhouse gas emissions, we must
proceed with resuming the operation of power plants where safety has been confirmedby the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, as well as promote the stable supply ofelectricity in conformance with the energy mix the government aims to achieve.
Replacement of current nuclear reactors with safer ones:
The latest nuclear reactors provide a technologically high level of safety, are being
explored as a possibility for inclusion in the energy mix of the future, and should beconsidered for use in replacing aging nuclear reactors in Japan and the EU. The
construction of nuclear reactors in Japan and the EU utilizing the latest models should
be used as a reference for the export of nuclear power technology by Japan andEuropean countries to third countries.
Recycling and disposal of nuclear fuel:In regard to spent nuclear fuel, Japan and the EU must take sweeping measuresand make comprehensive decisions to solve the issue of how spent nuclear fuel should
be managed, recycled, and discarded.
Japan and the EU should therefore promote an R&D program for collaboration on
the development of methods for nuclear waste disposal.
Developing decommissioning technologies and methodologies:
Japan and the EU hold a large part of the worldwide inventory of the aged nuclear
reactors which subject to decommissioning.
Establishing decommissioning
technologies and methodologies for safety and minimum environmental impact is an
obligation of Japan and EU and precondition to promote nuclear power technology tothird countries. Japan and EU should therefore promote an R&D program forcollaboration on the development of method for nuclear power plant decommissioning.
Finance & Support:
To achieve the highest possible safety standards, we would like to request thatJapan and the EU not only promote investment in nuclear energy but also request that
the World Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD),
European Investment Bank (EIB), and JBIC provide financing to support programs
dedicated to ensuring the safety of nuclear power.
Security measures:Japan and the EU should cooperate in facilitating the effective implementation ofinternational nuclear safety standards and security measures at bilateral meetings andmultilateral meetings on nuclear power.

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In addition, discussions between specialists from both Japan and the EU on
information and technology related to nuclear power plant decommissioning projects,
decontamination, and waste disposal should continue to be promoted.
(Meanwhile, interest in nuclear power development is on the rise in Asia and the
Middle East. Viewing nuclear power as a great opportunity for the future of international
business, there are also countries emerging with plans to attempt to maximize theimpact on share expansion first. Since there are fragile states and areas where
terrorism runs rampant in conflict zones within the region for which construction isplanned, it will be crucial for the international community to proceed with caution andcarefully consider how to reduce risks through nuclear non-proliferation and othermeasures.)WP-4/#05**/EJ to EJ Renewable Energy
Renewable energy is expected to play a major role in countermeasures against
global warming, and there have been recent signs of improvement in the cost aspect,which had been considered an issue against the use of renewable energy. At the sametime, thorough discussions regarding the economic, efficiency, and stability aspects
must also be continued.
Advantages of renewable energy:
Although the role of renewable energy in the reduction of CO2 emissions andachievement of energy security cannot be denied, integration into the grid and stabilityof supply remain major issues to address. Despite its potential to complement
traditional energy, it will require a robust and integrated power distribution network.
Currently there are various options for renewable energy, including wind, solar,hydro, geothermal, tidal, and biomass. However, other than hydroelectric power, which
can provide a certain level of base power, these power sources are affected by regional
appropriations. Thus, there are remaining economic, efficiency, and stability issues
that need to be addressed, pointing to the need for further discussions before their
uptake can be realized.
To overcome these instability factors, it is imperative to: Comprehensively discuss how the adoption of renewable energy sources can berealized Evaluate the total costs for renewable energy, including the supply chain
components
 Promote research on immature renewable energy technologies towards theircommercialization
Energy storage batteries:
Storage batteries contribute to the stabilization of the energy supply-and-demand
structure through the storage of convenient power and the ability to use it anytime,
anywhere. As a technology for long-term and large-scale storage of power, thehydrogen energy storage system should be more widely utilized for the efficientutilization of power.
Due to the development of the smart grid, storage battery applications are expected
to expand further to include vehicles, residences, buildings, and commercial
establishments. Japan and the EU must continue to work together toward lowering
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costs and increasing
standardization.

efficiency

throughtechnologicaldevelopment

andOn the other hand, the uptake of renewable energy has led to instability of the power
grid due to the increase in distributed power sources. Systems for maintaining stability,
however, are prohibitively expensive. Recently, the use of cloud and ICT has made it
possible to intensively gather data and carry out control at lower costs. Also, in regard
to storage batteries, technologies to prevent imbalances that prevent further charging
due to having one battery depleted and another fully charged are being developed. It
is imperative to proactively make use of the microgrid and ICT that enable handlingefficient power sources, such as solar power generation.
Feed-in tariff system in Japan
There have been many cases wherein permits have been secured under the
renewable energy feed-in tariff system (FIT) in Japan but the project did not actually
become operational, leading to concerns regarding the high burden on citizens and theprevention of entry of latecomer energy producers that offer lower costs and higher
performance. In particular, in regard to the FIT for solar power systems, which arebeing introduced at a rapidly increasing rate, there is a need to formulate schemes toencourage producers to find ways to lower costs from the perspective of lowering theburden on citizens. And also, hydro, geothermal, and wind power, which are cheaper
to generate but have longer lead times for commercialization, and biomass power,
which contributes to “local production for local consumption” initiatives should be moreencouraged to be adopted.
WP-4/#06**/EJ to EJ Effective use of biomass resources
In order to make the shift from fossil to biomass resources as raw materials for awide range of uses and therefore achieve significant reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions, technologies and processes to convert biomass into fuel or usefulchemicals must be developed and become widely adopted.
Fast-tracking the practical utilization of technologies that convert agricultural waste
products, wood-based biomass, and other non-edible plant resources into fuel or
useful chemicals requires strengthening of government support for collaborative R&D
and technical trials between private-sector companies and academic institutions inJapan and the EU. Further, promoting the uptake of products manufactured using theabove technologies requires the implementation of a sustainable, effective, andtransparent framework for providing subsidies and tax incentives for biomass-derived
fuels and chemicals.
International standardization of evaluation methods, classification schemes, andlabeling procedures are also necessary to enable a stable and profitable uptake ofbiomass-derived products at the global level. In labeling for example, although there
are internationally defined environmental labels (Type I, II, and III), compliancestandards vary among different countries.
Standardization of the certification criteria for labels will make it possible to have
universal labels that can be used worldwide. This will lead to the establishment ofmarket reliability of biomass-derived products and pave the way for their stable andprofitable uptake. Also, linking environmental labels with requirements/conditions fortax incentives and public procurement can serve as an impetus for the further spreadof the use of biomass-derived products. To enable Japan and the EU to agree on andWorking Party 4: Energy, Environment, Sustainable Growth
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lead the way in establishing international standards for evaluation and labeling systems,
both governments must pursue the harmonization and mutual recognition of theirrespective regulations.
WP-4/#07**/EJ to EJ Energy conservation & energy efficiency
Energy conservation is an initiative aimed at fulfilling the need for economic
efficiency, environmental compatibility, and energy security, and industries in Japanand the EU should make every possible effort to develop and promote the use ofenergy conservation technologies.
At the same time, it is also important to ensure that excessive investment burden is
not placed on companies nor that production suppression is imposed on them for thesake of achieving excessive energy conservation effects.
The promotion of energy conservation will require the strengthening of research anddevelopment and improvement of public awareness of energy conservation.
Strengthening of energy conservation in each field:
One area in which energy conservation effects are foreseen in the residential andbusiness fields is the use insulation materials and high-performance windows asenergy conservation measures in houses and buildings.
Energy conservation technology for electric appliances and equipment, such as
refrigerators, air conditioners, servers, and LED lighting, is also evolving. In thetransportation field, advancements are being made in the energy efficiency of
automobiles through the development of EV, PHEV, clean diesel, and hydrogen fuel.
Japan and the EU should collaborate on standards to take the lead in promoting market
introduction of these technologies.
One commonality among all fields is that the introduction of energy management isalso an effective means to increase energy efficiency.
To increase the efficiency of energy, Japan and the EU must revise laws andregulations, develop advanced technologies that boost energy efficiency through bestpractices, and implement stimulus measures such as investment in methodologies. At
the same time, these actions should be complemented by aggressive measures thatwill have an impact on technologies for soundproofing of buildings and stabilization ofroom temperature.
Prompt implementation of mandatory regulations for building standards andinsulation of houses will make it possible for the resulting highly energy efficientbuildings and homes to contribute to the lowering of energy consumption and
expenditures, the reduction of CO2 emissions, and the maintenance of good health atboth a household and national level.

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WP-4/#08*/EJ to EJ Energy research and international cooperation
The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and energy technology development
focused on the mid and long-term
Greenhouse gas emissions are impacting climate change and the environment,
thereby making this an issue facing all of mankind that requires international insight.
As such, the development of technologies capable of reducing greenhouse gas
emissions with the use of electricity produced using fossil fuels, non-fossil-fuelrenewable energy, and nuclear power deemed safe is becoming necessary on a global
scale, and it is imperative that the development framework be reinforced throughcooperation among industry, government, and academia.
Human resource development
To promote sustainable efforts aimed at achieving the goal set by all ratifying nationsof the Paris Agreement to reduce CO2, both Japan and the EU—as leaders in the fields
of energy and environmental technology—must forge ahead with ground-breaking
innovation.
In addition to contributing to the international society, sustainable innovation
activities like these are also conducive to economic growth. This is why a system forcontinuously training technical experts in energy-related fields through personnel
exchanges should be considered.
WP-4/#09**/EJ to EJ Efforts toward the prevention of global warming following
the Paris Agreement reached at COP21
The prevention of global warming is an issue facing all of mankind.
Since much of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions have already shifted fromdeveloped countries to newly developing countries, it will be impossible to prevent
global warming if only developed countries set targets for reduction.
We welcome the Paris Agreement as a framework through which all major emitting
countries, including the U.S. and China, are able to participate, and view it as anextremely important and historical first step that enabled all countries participating in
COP21 to set their own targets.
Going forward, it will be necessary to not only ensure that all major emitting countries
ratify this agreement but also establish a system with which the fulfillment of thepromises made by each country can be reviewed internationally from the perspectiveof enhancing fairness and effectiveness.
Japan and the EU will need to undertake the tasks of developing low-carbon
technologies and transferring technology to developing countries with significant
potential for making reductions.
Visualization of emission reduction effects
Public and private sectors must work together to specifically promote efforts todemonstrate the validity of energy-saving effects of low-carbon technologies andproducts used to visualize CO2 emission reduction effects.
[Public and private sectors must work together to specifically promote efforts tovisualize emission reduction targets and validate the energy-saving effects of lowcarbon technologies and products?]
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LCA is a technology that can be used to evaluate the environmental impact made bya product at every stage of the product life cycle from the cradle to the grave. The
visualization of products and technologies capable of determining CO2 reduction
effects through LCA analysis should be promoted through public-private collaboration.
Contributions to global warming measures in Japan and the EU
The creation of a framework through which both developed and developing countries
can work together to achieve low-carbon growth will play a critical role in addressing
climate change issues. The outstanding technologies, products, and know-how
possessed by Japan and the EU will not only lead to the strengthening of innovationand sustainable development in both countries but also contribute to global warming
countermeasures on a global scale.
In particular, contributions utilizing ICT should also be considered. These include
continuous observation of the global environment using artificial satellites, radars,
sensors, and other equipment to monitor climate change, the use of supercomputersand other means for climate change prediction and research on the mechanisms
behind climate change, and the construction of a global earth observation system.
It will also be imperative to conduct research and development of technologies forcalculation and verification of greenhouse gas emissions and carbon dioxide captureand storage (CCS) in order to alleviate climate change.
Moreover, a bilateral offset mechanism will be an effective means for achieving
greenhouse gas reductions in newly emerging and developing countries where a sharp
rise in energy demand is becoming apparent. Japan and the EU must not only work
together with industry to design such a system but also clarify support measures.
In conjunction with measures like these to alleviate climate change, the governmentsof Japan and EU countries must open their doors to industry, provide easy-tounderstand explanations of adaptive planning, technology needs, and financial
assistance, and create an environment in which industry can easily participate.
Governments in Japan and the EU must also set high standard regulations, as well asa share a common interest in making efforts toward market liberalization that would
include third countries in addition to Japan and the EU.
Establishment of IPR protection
To promote commercial technology transfer, Japan and the EU must take measures
to ensure the creation of appropriate regulatory frameworks in countries to which
technology transfers are to be made and the protection of intellectual property rights.
It will be necessary to create appropriate regulatory frameworks to establish IPR
protection in newly emerging and developing countries, and governments in Japan andthe EU should introduce monitoring systems for the protection of IPR, provide
patenting assistance, and establish technology partnerships.
WP-4/#10*/EJ to EJ
economyPromotion of resource efficiency and the circular

Although resource prices are declining in the short term, resource constraints arelikely to inhibit economic growth over the medium to long term. This is why it isimperative to improve the efficiency of resource use. In this light, Japan and the EU
welcome the progress being made through international-level discussions on resource
efficiency and the circular economy, including the establishment of the G7 Alliance on
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Resource Efficiency at the G7 Summit at Schloss Elmau held last year. The
announcement of the EU’s adoption of a Circular Economy Package and the promotionof efforts to improve resource efficiency are also welcomed.
Discussions on resource efficiency and the circular economy go beyond recycling
and other aspects of the venous industry to cover a wide range of concepts impacting
manufacturers, service providers, and other companies to be recognized as arterial
industry, including the extension of product life, the sharing of services, and the goods
and services through operational billing. The discussion holds the potential to createbusiness opportunities that will lead to additional economic growth and the job creationin the future.
On the other hand, the pursuit of resource efficiency through exceedingly regulatory
approaches could inhibit economic growth. Therefore it is desirable to choose anapproach that will lead to economic growth, such as promotion through voluntary
efforts by stakeholders. It will also be imperative to pursue resource efficiency from theviewpoint of international circulation system based on the fact that movement of
secondary raw materials across borders is now the norm.
In view of the above, Japan and the EU should not only move forward with efforts
aimed at improving resource efficiency but also work together to formulate consistent
rules. In addition, Japan and the EU are expected to take advantage of the advanced
innovation and competitive edge in international market, which they possess in regard
to the institutional and technical aspects of resource efficiency and the circular
economy, deepen their cooperation and collaboration, and take the lead ininternational discussions on the future direction of the circular economy and resource
recycling, as well as on the creation of institutions and systems. In this regard, we arelooking forward to active discussions on resource efficiency and the circular economy
during coming G7 Summit chaired by Japan in 2016.
WP-4/#11*EJ to EJ Promotion of global investments and nurturing of long-term
relationships
Amidst sharp fluctuations in the price of oil and other resources, continued
investment and strong economic collaboration in a wide range of fields will benecessary to secure stable and inexpensive resources in response to global risks.
When it comes to long-term sustainable energy policy, it is important to make thenecessary investments and ensure strong cross-border collaboration in order toachieve ambitious targets. Japan and Europe should therefore encourage direct
investment from a transparent, open, and long-term perspective living up to thecommitments all parties made in the Energy Charter Treaty.
To promote the spread of energy conservation technologies and the like, it will be
important to promote high-efficiency, low-cost renewable energies and conduct
research and development of hydrogen, energy storage, geothermal, and other newenergies. In addition, research that will contribute to the highly efficient utilization offossil fuels and both the safety and security of nuclear power should also be
considered.

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