ⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ(3)㸸㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚
Movie Scripts for English Learning/Teaching Material (3): On the Body-part Possessor
Ascension Construction㣤⏣Ὀᘯ
IIDA Yasuhiro ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸸㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡜ࡣ ⱥㄒ࡟ࡣࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ᵓᩥ஺᭰ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟࡢ౛ࡶࡑࡢࡦ࡜ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡜ࡑࡢᡤ᭷⪅ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(1) a.
b.

Tom kissed Mary’s cheek.
Tom kissed Mary on the cheek.

࠸ࡎࢀࡢⱥᩥࡶࠊ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ヂࡍ࡞ࡽࡤࠕࢺ࣒ࡣ࣓࢔࣮ࣜࡢ㢋࡟࢟ࢫࢆࡋࡓ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊ(1a, b)ࡢྛᩥࡀ⾲ࡍㄽ⌮ⓗព࿡ࡣྠࡌ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋᩥᵓ㐀ࢆぢࢀࡤࠊ(1a)ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ SVO ࡢ➨ 3 ᩥᆺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࢟ࢫࢆࡍࡿᑐ㇟㒊ศ࡛࠶ࡿ Mary’s cheek ࡀࠊࡦ࡜ࡘࡢྡモྃ࡜ࡋ࡚┤᥋┠ⓗㄒ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊ(1b)࡛ࡣ┤᥋┠ⓗㄒ࡟ࡣ࢟ࢫࢆࡍࡿᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿே≀ࡢ Mary ࡢࡳࡀ⌧ࢀࠊḟ࡟ලయⓗ࡞㌟య㒊఩࡛࠶ࡿ cheek ࡀ๓⨨モྃ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚋ
⥆ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚(1b)ࡢᩥࡣ(2)࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ(1a)ࡢ┠ⓗㄒࡢྡモྃෆ࠿ࡽ㌟య㒊఩ࡢᡤ᭷⪅㸦ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣMary㸧ࡢࡳࡀᢤࡅฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࠊ㸦㌟య㒊఩㸧ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡞࡝࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ

(2) Tom kissed Mary[NP ___ cheek ].

 ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㔜せⅬࡣࠊࠕࢺ࣒ࡣ࣓࢔࣮ࣜࡢ㢋࡟࢟ࢫࢆࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏㄒᩥࡣࠊⱥㄒ࡛ࡣ 2 ✀㢮ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(1a)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ SVO ᆺࡢᩥࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ┠ⓗㄒࢆࠕ࣓࢔࣮ࣜࡢ㢋ࠖ࡜ࡦ࡜ࡘࡢྡモྃ࡟ࡍࡿ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡛ࡶࡼࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊ(1b)ࡢⱥㄒࡢ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࡲࡎࠕ࣓࢔࣮ࣜ࡟࢟ࢫࢆࡋࡓࠖ࡜࠾࠾ࡲ࠿࡟㏙࡭࡚࠿ࡽࠊࡑࡢᚋ࡟ලయⓗ࡞ሙᡤࢆ๓⨨モ࡛ྃヲ⣽࡟㏙࡭ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊ஧ẁ㝵࡛ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᅧᘅ 1978㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡇࢀࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࠕሙᡤࠖࡢᤊ࠼᪉࡛ฟ᮶஦
ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦ᓊᮏ࣭ᒸ⏣ 2020㸧ࠋ1, 2
 (1a)ࡢ SVO ᆺࡢᩥ࡛ࡣࠕ㢋ࠖࢆ࢟ࢫࡢᑐ㇟࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊ(1b)࡛ࡣ Mary ࢆ࢟ࢫࡢ┤᥋ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ᤊ࠼࡚࠾
ࡾࠊㄆ㆑ୖࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡍࡿ࡜ཝᐦ࡟ࡣࠊ(1a)࡜(1b)࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌟య㒊఩ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡣࠊࠕព࿡ࢆኚ࠼ࡎ࡟ᵓᩥࢆኚ࠼ࡿࠖసᴗ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࠊࡓ࡜࠼ࡤḟࡢྛᩥࡢᵓ㐀ୖࡢ㐪࠸ࡸࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡀ
⾲ࡍព࿡ෆᐜࢆṇ☜࡟࡜ࡽ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ

(3) a. Tom punched John in the nose.
b. Tom punched John in the kitchen.

ࡇࡢྛᩥࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶࠊືモྃෆࡣ [ V + NP + PP ] ࡢᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ(3a)ࡢᩥ࡛ࡣ PP ࡣ punch ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㌟య㒊఩ࢆ⾲ࡍࡀࠊ(3b)ࡢ PP ࡣ punch ࡜࠸࠺⾜Ⅽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙᡤࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊSVO ᆺࡢᩥ࡜㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࠊࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞ព࿡ⓗࠊ⤫ㄒⓗ࡞≉ᚩࡀሗ࿌1᪥ᮏㄒࡢሙྜࡣࠊ2 ࡘࡢᑐ᱁ྡモྃࢆ⨨ࡃᩥࡸࠊᏑᅾᩥ࡟ࡼࡿ஺᭰ࡀࠊఝࡓ⾲⌧᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
(i) a. ࢺ࣒ࡣ࣓࢔࣮ࣜࡢྑ㊊ࢆ㋾ࡗࡓࠋ / ࢺ࣒ࡣ࣓࢔࣮ࣜࢆࠊྑ㊊ࢆ㋾ࡗࡓࠋb. ᒱ㜧࡟࠶ࡢேࡢጜࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ
/ ࠶ࡢேࡣࠊᒱ㜧࡟ጜࡀ࠸ࡿࠋ
2ୡ⏺ࡢゝㄒࢆぢࢀࡤࠊᡤ᭷⪅ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍᵓᩥࡣᮅ㩭ㄒࠊࢳࢳ࢙࣡ㄒࠊࢱ࣑ࣝㄒࠊࢫ࣌࢖ࣥㄒࠊ࣊ࣈࣛ࢖ㄒ࡞࡝ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ
࠿ࡢゝㄒ࡛ࡶほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Lee 1992, Baker 1988, Hiraiwa 2000, Landau 1999)ࠋ

 



ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ(1a, b)ࡢⱥᩥࡢ㐪࠸ࡸࠊⱥㄒࡢ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢ≉ᛶࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜⌮ゎࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡞ᩍᮦ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ3 ࡲࡎ 2 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊⱥㄒࡢ㌟య
㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆࠊ⤫ㄒⓗ≉ᚩࠊព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩࠊ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞ືモࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࠊࡢ㡰࡟⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ 3 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡉࡲࡊࡲ࡞≉ᛶࢆᣢࡘ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡀᙺ࡟❧ࡘᩍᮦ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡞ືモࡢ≉ᚩࡸࠊ㌟
య㒊఩ࢆ⾲ࡍ๓⨨モࢆᏛࡪ࠺࠼࡛ࠊᐇ㝿ࡢືసࡸヰ⪅ࡢឤ᝟࡞࡝ࡀᫎീ࡛☜ㄆࡋࡸࡍ࠸ᫎ⏬࡟ࡣᙉࡳࡀከ࠸
Ⅼࢆࠊලయ౛࡜ඹ࡟㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ 4 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ᐇ౛ࡀᫎ⏬࡛ࡣᩘከࡃ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࠊᫎ⏬ࡢᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆࡉࡽ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ5 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢆⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚౑࠺࠺࠼࡛ࡢὀពⅬ࡟ゐࢀࠊ6 ⠇࡛ࡲ࡜ࡵࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏ᝟ሗ ࡲࡎࡣⱥㄒࡢ㌟య㒊఩ࡢ஺᭰⌧㇟ࢆࠊ෌ࡧ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡇ࠺ࠋୗࡢྛ࣌࢔ࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ྇࠸ࡓࡾࠊษࡾࡘࡅࡓࡾࠊゐࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿᑐ㇟ࡣࠊ2 ✀㢮ࡢᩥ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ

(4) a. Tom hit [John’s shoulder ].

/Tom hit [John] [on the shoulder].

b. Tom cut [Tom’s arm].

/

Tom cut [John] [on the arm].

c. Tom touched [John’s ear].

/

Tom touched [John] [on the ear].

SVO ࡢᩥᆺࢆᡂࡍᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࠕᡤ᭷⪅㸩㌟య㒊఩ࠖࡢྡモྃࡀ┤᥋┠ⓗㄒ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛ࡣࠊࠕᡤ᭷⪅ࠖࡢࡳࡀ┠ⓗㄒ఩⨨࡟⌧ࢀࠊḟ࠸࡛ࠕ㌟య㒊఩ࠖࡀ๓⨨モ࡛ྃᚋ⥆ࡍࡿࠋ㌟య
㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢࡦ࡞ᙧࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
(5) ືモ㸩[ ே࣭ື≀ ]㸩[ ๓⨨モ the㸩㌟య㒊఩ ]ࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊඛ⾜◊✲࡛㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⤫ㄒⓗࠊព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ ⤫ㄒⓗ≉ᚩ ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡣࠊ㌟య㒊఩ࡢྡモ࡟ the ࢆ௜ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⩏ົⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊᡤ᭷᱁௦ྡモࡸᣦ♧モ࡞࡝ࢆ㌟య㒊఩ࡢྡモࡢ┤๓࡟⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

(6) Tom kissed Mary on {the/*her/*that} cheek.

 ࡲࡓࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ┤᥋┠ⓗㄒࢆྲྀࢀ࡞࠸⮬ືモࡶࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥࢆᡂࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ look ࡛ࡣࠊᮏ᮶ࡣồࡵࡽࢀࡿ๓⨨モ at ࡢ௓ᅾ࡞ࡋ࡟ࠊ┠ⓗㄒࢆ⨨ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ(7) a. Tom looked *(at) Mary’s face.
b. Tom looked (*at) Mary in the face.

ᮏ᮶ࡣ⮬ືモ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟≉Ṧ࡞ᵓᩥࡢᆺ࡟ࡣࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡜┤᥋┠ⓗㄒࢆྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࢣ࣮
ࢫࡣࠊWay ᵓᩥ࡜ࡶఝ࡚࠾ࡾ(John belched his way out of the restaurant.)ࠊᮏ᮶ࡢ look ࡢ⏝ἲࢆぢኻࢃ࡞࠸ࡼ
࠺࡟ࡍࡿὀពࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ43ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࢻ࣐ࣛࡸ࢔ࢽ࣓ࡶྵࡵ࡚ࠕᫎ⏬ࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋࠊlook me in the face ࡣ look in my face ࡜ẚ㍑ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊlook at my face ࡜ࡣẚ㍑ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸
࠺ᣦ᦬ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ㸦▼ᶫ 1966: 502-503㸧

4   ព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩ ḟ࡟㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊព࿡ⓗ࡞ไ⣙ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡲࡎ┠ⓗㄒ఩⨨࡟⏕㉳ࡍࡿྡモࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᡤ᭷⪅ࢆ⾲ࡍྡモࡣࠊேࡸື≀࡞࡝᭷⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ (e.g., Wierzbicka 1988)ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ(8b)࡟࠶ࡿࠕ⮬㌿㌴ࡢࣁࣥࢻࣝࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞↓⏕≀ࡢ୍㒊ศࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡇ࡜ࡸࠊ(8c)࡟࠶ࡿࠕᮘࡢ⬮ࠖࢆ㋾ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣࠊࡇࡢᵓᩥ࡛ࡣ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ(8a)ࡶࡠ࠸ࡄࡿࡳࡢ≟ࡢሙྜࡣ୙㐺᱁࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

(8) a. Tom kicked the dog on the leg.
b. * Tom grabbed the bike on the handlebar.

(cf. Tom grabbed the bike’s handlebar.)c. * Tom kicked the table on the leg.

(cf. Tom kicked the table’s leg.) ㌟య㒊఩ࢆ⾲ࡍྡモ࡟ࡣࠊ௚⪅࡟ࡣㆡΏ୙ྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ (e.g., Tenny 1994)ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ
ே㛫ࡢࠕ⭎ࠖࡸࠕ㊊ࠖ࡞࡝ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊᡤ᭷≀࡛࠶ࡿࣂࢵࢡࣃࢵࢡࡸࠊ㣫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≟࡞࡝ࠊㆡΏྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢࡀ⾜Ⅽࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿሙྜࡣࠊSVO ᆺࡢᩥ࡛ࡋ࠿⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ

(9) a. Tom hit John on the arm.
b. * Tom hit John on the backpack. (cf. Tom hit John’s backpack.)c. * Tom beat John on the dog.

(cf. Tom beat John’s dog.) ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟ࡋࡓሙྜࡣࠊSVO ᆺ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ๓⨨モྃ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡿ㌟య㒊఩࡟ᒁᡤⓗ࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯ⏕ྥࡅࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦᭩࡛࠶ࡿࠗⱥㄒࡢᵓᩥ 150
Second Edition࠘࡟ࡶࠊḟࡢ౛ᩥࢆ⏝࠸࡚ὀពࡀಁࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(10)

a. I grabbed his arm. 㸦൅ࡣᙼࡢ⭎ࢆࡘ࠿ࢇࡔ㸧b. I grabbed him by the arm.

㸦ᒸ⏣ 2003: 29㸧

(10a, b)ࡢ㔜せ࡞㐪࠸ࡣࠊ࡝ࡇ࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡿ࠿࡜ࡉࢀࠊ(10a)ࡢሙྜࡣ⭎࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡾࠊ(10b)࡛ࡣே࡟↔
Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࢿࢪࡀ⦆ࢇࡔࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࡢ⭎ࡀ࣏ࢺࣜ࡜ⴠࡕࠊࡑࡢ⭎ࢆᣠ࠸ୖࡆࡿሙྜ
ࡣ㸦ࣟ࣎ࢵࢺࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸧⭎࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡿ(10a)ࡋ࠿ㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞」ᩘࡢព࿡ⓗ࡞㐪࠸ࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊ(4)࡛ぢࡓ㌟య㒊఩ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡣࠊ⮬⏤࡟ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸
ࡇ࡜ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ὀពࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤࠊពᅗࡋ࡞࠸ព࿡ࢆ┦ᡭ࡟ఏ࠼࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾࠊࡑࡢሙࡢ≧ἣ࡟ྜࢃ࡞࠸୙⮬↛࡞⾲⌧ࢆ౑ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸⤖ᯝࢆ⏕ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋ
 ືモࡢ㑅ᢥ ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏ᝟ሗࡢ᭱ᚋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ືモࡀ⏕㉳࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋLevin(1993: 71-72) ࡀᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿ 6 ࡘࢱ࢖ࣉࡢືモ࠿ࡽࠊ୺࡞ࡶࡢࢆୗ࡟♧ࡍࠋ(11)a.

TOUCH VERBS : graze, kiss, lick, nudge, pat, pinch, prod, sting, tickle, touchb.

HIT VERBSc.

SWAT VERBS : bite, claw, paw, peck, scratch, shoot (gun), slug, stab, swat, swiped.

SPANK VERBS : clobber, flog, knife, pummel, sock, spank, thrash, wallop, whip, whiske.

POKE VERBS: dig, jab, pierce, poke, prick, stickf.

CUT VERBS: chip, clip, cut, hack, hew, saw, scrape, scratch, slash, snip

: bang, beat, drum, hammer, hit, kick, knock, lash, pound, rap, slap, strike, tap㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟ฟࡿືモ࡟㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡬ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ5 ☜5⬻⛉Ꮫࡢᐇ㦂ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶࠊSVO ᆺ࡜㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢ㐪࠸㛵ࡍࡿドᣐࡀᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(e.g., Kemmerer 2003)ࠋ

 





࠿࡟(11)ࡢືモ⩌ࡣࠊືసࡢᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࢆᣢࡘࠋ ࡇࡢⅬࡣࠊ㌟య㒊఩ࢆ♧ࡍ๓⨨モྃ࡟ࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞๓⨨モྃࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ࠿࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞
ࡽࡤࠊ㌟య㒊఩ࡢ┤๓࡟⏕㉳ࡍࡿ๓⨨モࡣ onࠊbyࠊinࠊoverࠊacross ࡞࡝ከ✀ከᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࠊ๓⨨モࡢ㑅ᢥࡣࠊ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᥋ゐࡢ௙᪉ࢆࡍࡿ࠿࡟኱ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㌟యࡢ୍㒊ࢆࠕ⏝࠸ࡿࠖሙྜࡣ by㸦Tom caught Mary by the arm.㸧ࠊ㌟యࡢ୍㒊ࡢࠕୖࢆࠖࡢሙྜࡣ on㸦Tom kissed Mary on the forehead.㸧ࠊ㌟యࡢ㒊ศࡢࠕ୰ࢆࠖࡢሙྜࡣ in㸦Tom looked Mary in the eye.㸧ࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓලྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏳ஭ (1987) ࡟ࡣࠊḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣜࢫࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

(12)a.

⾲㠃᥋ゐࡢືモ (on) : hit, kick, kiss, knock, lick, pat, scratch, slap, sting, strikeb.

ᢕᤊࡢືモ (by)

㸸 catch, grab, hold, pull, seize, shake, takec.

౵ධࡢືモ (in)㸸 cut, knife, look, poke, shoot, stab, stared.

◚ቯࡢືモ (ø)

㸸 bend, break, burn, crush, destroy, grind, shatter, smash, tear㸦Ᏻ஭ 1987: 145㸧(12d)࡟࠶ࡿࠕøࠖࡀ♧ࡍࡢࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢືモࡣ๓⨨モࢆ⨨࠿࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ(He broke her ø leg.)ࠊࡘࡲࡾࡣ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ືモ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋLevin (1993: 72)ࡶࠊBREAK VERBS ࡢ㢮ࡢືモ (e.g., break, crack, split) ࡣࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࢆチࡉ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋḟࡀලయⓗ࡞౛࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(13)

a. * Tom broke John on the leg.
b. * Tom split Mary on the lip.

࡞ࡐ(13)ࡢ౛ࡀ㠀ᩥ࡟࡞ࡿ࠿࡟ࡣࠊືసࡀ⾲ࡍ⾜Ⅽࡢᑐ㇟࡬ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࡢ᭷↓ࡸࠊࡑࡢᑐ㇟ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࡢ᭷↓ࡀ㛵ಀࡍࡿ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋPinker (1989) ࡸ Fillmore (1970) ࡢㄝ᫂࡟ࡼࡿ࡞ࡽࠊbreak ࢆࡣࡌࡵ(12d)࡟ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡓືモࡣࠊ⾜Ⅽࡢᑐ㇟ࡢኚ໬≧ែࡣྵពࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊኚ໬㒊ศ࡬ࡢ⾲㠃ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࡢព࿡ࢆồࡵ࡞࠸Ⅼࡀࠊ(12a-c)ࡢືモ࡜␗࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓูࡢぢ᪉ࢆࡍࢀࡤࠊbreak ࡞࡝ࡣ┠ⓗㄒࡢኚ໬ࡢព࿡ࢆ⾲ࡍࡓࡵࠊ(13a)࡞ࡽࡤ John ⮬యࡀቯࢀࡿࠊᢡࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺୙⮬↛࡞ព࿡࡟࡞ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛ࠊkiss ࡞࡝ࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣᑐ㇟࡬ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࡣព࿡ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢࠊࡑࡢᑐ㇟≀࡟≀⌮ⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࢆ⏕ࡴࡇ࡜ࡣࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ6 ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⌮⏤࠿ࡽࠊ(12a-c)࡟ᣲ
ࡆࡽࢀࡓືモ࡜ࡣูࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏ᝟ሗࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ࠊⱥㄒᏛ⩦ཧ⪃᭩ࡢㄢ㢟 ௨ୖࠊᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀᣢࡘ⤫ㄒⓗࠊព࿡ⓗ≉ᚩࢆᴫほࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝศ࠿ࡗࡓࡢࡣࠊ(4)࡛♧ࡋࡓྛ࣌࢔ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ┦㐪Ⅼࡀ」ᩘㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ㌟య㒊఩ࡢ⾲⌧᪉ἲࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡣࠊ⮬⏤Ẽࡲࡲ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᵓᩥ஺᭰ࢆࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊఱࡽ࠿ࡢព࿡ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⏕ࡴࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊ࠸ࡎ
ࢀ࠿ࡢᵓᩥࡢࡳࡀᣢࡘไ⣙࡟ὀពࢆᡶ࠺ᚲせࡀ࡛ࡿࠋ≉࡟ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ᴫほࡋࡓ౛ᩥ࠿ࡽࡣࠊ(1a)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ SVO
ᆺࡼࡾࡶࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢ࡯࠺ࡀከࡃࡢไ⣙ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᩍ⫱࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡬ࡢ᭩ࡁ᥮࠼ࡣࠊ㧗ᰯⱥㄒࡢᏛ⩦ཧ⪃᭩࡞࡝࡛ゝཬࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢከࡃࡀゐࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣࠊ(10)࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡞ SVO ᆺࡢᩥ࡜ࡢព࿡ⓗ࡞㐪࠸࡞࡝ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛࠶ࡾࠊ౑࠼ࡿືモࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡸࠊᡤ᭷⪅ࡢྡモࡣ↓⏕≀࡟࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼ࡞࡝ࡢヲ⣽࡞ㄝ᫂ࡣᥦ౪ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀ࡛ࡣࠊ(4)ࡢᵓᩥ஺᭰ࡣ⮬⏤Ẽࡲࡲ࡟⾜࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠊㄗࡗࡓㄆ㆑ࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠸࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ḟ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱥㄒᏛ⩦⪅ࡀ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢ≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿ࡟ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࡀຠᯝⓗ࡞ᩍᮦ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ

6㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡣ㝈⏺ືモ࡛ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࠊ㠀㝈⏺ືモ࡛ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ືモࡢព࿡ⓗ࢔ࢫ࣌ࢡࢺࡢไ
⣙࠿ࡽࠊbreak ࡢᩥࡢ㠀ᩥᛶࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿศᯒࡶ࠶ࡿ (e.g., Tenny 1994)ࠋ

  㸬ᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊ ᮏ✏ࡢࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢヰࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛ὀពࡍ࡭ࡁⅬ࡟ࡣࠊືモࡢ㑅ᢥ࡜ࠊࡑࢀ࡟క࠺๓⨨モࡢ㑅ᢥࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋSVO ᆺࡢᩥ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛౑࠼ࡿືモ࡟ࡣ」ᩘ
ࡢไ⣙ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊືモࡀ⾲ࡍືసࡀࡑࡢᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᥋ゐࢆ⾜࠺࠿࡛ࠊᚋ⥆ࡍࡿ๓⨨モྃࡢ୺せ㒊ࡢ๓⨨モࡀỴᐃࡍࡿࠋ㔜せ࡞ࡢࡣࠊࠕ๓⨨モࡢ㐪࠸ࡣືモࡢᛶ㉁ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࠕ๓⨨モࡢᛶ㉁ࡣࡑࢀ࡜ඹ㉳㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿືモࡢᛶ㉁࡜ព࿡ⓗ࡞ᩚྜ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ㸦Ᏻ஭ 1987:144-145㸧࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊᫎ⏬ࡀᯝࡓࡍ㈉⊩ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡎࠊᫎ⏬࡟ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶḟࡢ౛ࢆࡣࡌࡵࠊከ
✀ከᵝ࡞ືモࢆྵࢇࡔ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀࠊከࡃⓏሙࡍࡿ஦ᐇࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ7(14) You did not get in trouble because you punched this sneaky brat in the face, not at all. You got in trouble
because you punched this sneaky little brat in the face in front of other people. <00:20:50> (Black Mass, 2015)ᫎ⏬࡛࠶ࢀࡤࠊேࡸ≀ࡢືࡁࡀᫎീ࡜ࡋ࡚᫂☜࡟ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿࡓࡵࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡬ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࡢ᭷↓ࢆどぬ᝟ሗ࡜ࡋ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿ฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ఍ヰෆ࡛᫂☜࡞ᩥ⬦ࢆక࠺ሙ㠃࡛ࡣࠊ↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀࠊືసࡀཬࡪᑐ㇟ࡢே≀࡞ࡢ࠿ࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶุูࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ(10)࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡞㐪࠸ࡢᢕᥱࡀᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡿຠᯝࡶᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊshoot him in the head ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࠊᏛ⩦ཧ⪃᭩ࡀ౛ᩥ࡜ࡋ࡚ᥖ㍕ࢆ㑊ࡅࡑ࠺࡞౛ࡶⓏሙࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿືモࡢᖜᗈ࠸⌮ゎ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠋ ௨㝆࡛ࡣ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊືモࡢ㑅ᢥ࡜๓⨨モࡢ㑅ᢥࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ ືモࡢ㑅ᢥ㸸≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࡸ↔Ⅼࡢᙜࡓࡾ᪉ ࡲࡎࡣࠊstab ࢆ౑ࡗࡓ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(15) a.

Families can be tough. Before my father died, she told me that I had a half-sister that he imprisoned in Hel.
And then she returned home and stabbed me in the eye.

<00:31:40> (Avengers: Infinity War, 2018)b. He was stabbed in the throat. He died almost instantly.

<01:22:42> (Stand by Me, 1986)

ࡲࡎ(15a)࡛ࡣࠊᗃ㛢࠿ࡽᨺࡓࢀࡓጜ࡜ࡢᡓ㜚࡛┠ࢆ่ࡉࢀࡓヰ⪅ࡣࠊྑ┠࡟║ᖏࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡟ᐇ㝿࡟≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊࠕᐙ᪘ࡣགྷ௓ࡔ࡞ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩥ⬦࡛ࡢ఍ヰ࡞ࡢ࡛ࠊ่ࡉࢀࡓᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿே≀ࢆඛ࡟⨨ࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᘵ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ศࡀ่ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿពᅗࡶឤ
ࡌࡽࢀࡿࠋ(15b)࡛ࡣࠊstab him in the throat ࠿ࡽཷື໬ࡉࢀࡓᩥࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࠊṚ࡟⮳ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࠿ࡽࡶࠊ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࡀ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ ḟࡣ shoot ࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(16)

a. You hit the kid again, I will shoot you in the head.<00:15:44> (The Passage, S(eason)1, E(pisode)1, 2019)b. Dariela: I did just shoot your best friend.

Abraham : In the shoulder.

<00:23:35> (Zoo, S2, E10, 2016)(16a)࡛ࡣࡲࡎ hit ࡀࠊSVO ᆺࡢᩥࡢ┠ⓗㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ the kid ࡢࡳࢆྲྀࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࠊࡑࡢᏊࡢලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢ㌟య㒊఩ࢆ྇ࡃ࠿ࡣࠊヰ⪅ࡣ≉࡟ၥ㢟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ shoot ࡛ࡣ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࢆ෌ᗘ྇ࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࠊࠕ㢌㒊ࠖࢆᧁࡗ࡚࿨ࢆዣ࠺࡜⪺ࡁᡭ࡟㆙࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࠊᵓᩥࡢ㑅ᢥ࠿ࡽヰ⪅ࡢᛣࡾࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆឤࡌྲྀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ୍᪉(16b)࡛ࡣࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ7ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺෆࡢኴᏐୗ⥺ࡣ➹⪅࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 

ࡀࠊ␗࡞ࡿヰ⪅ࡢⓎゝࡢ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡟ࡼࡾᡂ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙ㠃࡛ࢲ࢚ࣜࣛࡣࠊ࢚࢖ࣈࣛࣁ࣒ࡢぶ཭ࢆᧁࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᚋ᜼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ࢚࢖ࣈࣛࣁ࣒ࡣᧁࡗࡓࡢࡣࠕ⫪࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿ࡜ලయⓗ࡞㌟య㒊఩ࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ⮴࿨യ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㑊ࡅࡓⅬࢆᙉㄪࡋࠊࢲ࢚ࣜࣛࡢ⾜Ⅽࡣṇࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ㄝᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓᫎ⏬࡛ࡣࠊ(3)࡛ぢࡓࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ๓⨨モྃࡢព࿡ᙺ๭ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿᑐẚࢆぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊྠࡌືモྃෆࡀࠕV + NP + PPࠖࡢᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡶࠊ(17a)ࡢ๓⨨モྃࡣ㌟య㒊఩ࢆ⾲ࡋࠊ(17b)࡛ࡣሙᡤࡢព࿡࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

(17)<00:34:06> (Murder in the First, S1, E9, 2014)a.

James Harbach is dead. Shot himself in the head.

b.

You could say that she shot herself in the living room and then crawled out back to die.
<00:14:20> (Desperate Housewives, S1, E7, 2004) ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࢆά⏝ࡍࢀࡤࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛ࡣᑐ㇟࡬ࡢ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࢆ⾲ࡍືモࡀዲࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍࡃࠊࡲࡓ఍ヰࡢᩥ⬦࡞࡝࠿ࡽࠊヰ⪅ࡀ࡝ࡢ㒊ศ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶᤊ࠼ࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺฼Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ๓⨨モࡢ㑅ᢥ㸸᥋ゐ⟠ᡤ࡟㛵ࡍࡿどぬⓗ᝟ሗ ḟ࡟ࠊ๓⨨モࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋࡍ࡛࡟(12)ࡢ୍ぴ࡛ゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ⾲㠃࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ࡛࠶ࢀࡤon ࢆ౑࠺࡞࡝ࠊ᥋ゐࡢ௙᪉ࡣ๓⨨モࡢᇶᮏⓗព࿡࡜ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ(12)࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓ๓⨨モ௨እ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶࠊືモࡢ᥋ゐࡢ௙᪉࡜ᩚྜᛶࡀྲྀࢀ࡚ࡉ࠼࠸ࢀࡤࠊཎ๎ⓗ࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞๓⨨モࡶチᐜࡉࢀࡿ (Tom struckJohn across the face)ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢṇ☜࡞⌮ゎ࡟ࡣࠊ๓⨨モࡢᗈ⠊࡞▱㆑ࡶᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡜๓⨨モࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁࡣࠊSVO ᆺࡢᩥ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾࠊ๓⨨モࡢຊࢆ೉ࡾࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡬ࡢලయⓗ࡞᥋ゐࡢ௙᪉ࢆ⾲⌧࡛ࡁࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ᖹἑ 2021㸧ࠋḟࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺(18)

We’re gonna have to flip him. Lexie, grab him under the shoulders.
<00:20:34> (Gray’s Anatomy, S6, E23, 2010)ࡇࡢሙ㠃࡛ヰ⪅ࡣࠊデᐹྎ࡛ୖྥࡁ࡟ᶓࡓࢃࡿᝈ⪅ࢆࠊᅇ㌿ࡉࡏ࡚࠺ࡘఅࡏ࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊᝈ⪅ࡢ⫪ࡢୗࢆࡘ࠿ࡴࡼ࠺࡟ᣦ♧ࢆฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢሙྜࠊunder ࡜࠸࠺๓⨨モࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊ㌟య㒊఩࡬ࡢ᥋ゐ᪉ἲࢆヲࡋࡃᥥ෗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊࡇࡢᩥࢆ SVO ᆺ࡟ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ (grab his shoulders)ࠊࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢヲ⣽࡞᥋ゐ᪉ἲࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀᣢࡘ⾲⌧ୖࡢຠᯝࡣࠊ(18)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙ㠃ࢆᫎീ࡛ぢࢀࡤࠊ㠀ᖖ࡟ᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡦ࡜ࡘὀពࡍ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢࡣࠊ⾲㠃ࡢ᥋ゐ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ in ࡀ⏕㉳ࡍࡿሙྜࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓⨨モ inࡣ 3 ḟඖⓗ✵㛫ࢆ⾲ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ୍⯡ⓗ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ(15)ࡸ(17a)ࡢ౛ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ(19a)ࡢ౛࡞࡝࡛ࡣࠕ୰࡬ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ឤ
ぬࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᚲࡎࡋࡶ❧యⓗ࡟㌟య㒊఩ࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ሙྜࡶከࡃࠊ(14)ࡢ punch ࡢ౛ࡸࠊ(19b, c)ࡢ kick ࡢ౛࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊin ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜࡞ࡿ㌟య㒊఩࡟ᣙࡸ㊊ࡀධࡾ㎸ࡴࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ in ࡣࠊ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕ㌟య㒊఩ࡢ⠊ᅖࢆ㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅࠖ㸦Ᏻ஭ 1987: 145㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࠊ⌮ゎࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(19)

a.

Poke him in the eye. See if he flinches.

b.

I’d like to kick her in the teeth about now.

c.

Might as well give him a chance to kick me in the head.

<01:05:35> (Free Fire, 2017)<00:07:56> (Westworld, S1, E5, 2016)<00:49:20> (Poseidon, 2006) ௨ୖࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛ࡣࠊ๓⨨モࡢᏑᅾࡀ᥋ゐࡢ௙᪉ࢆ♧ࡍ࠺࠼࡛ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡢᵓᩥ࡛౑ࢃࢀࡿ୺࡞๓⨨モࡣ inࠊonࠊby ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊᇶᮏⓗព࿡ࡀ᝿ീࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡶࡢࡀከ࠸
ࡶࡢࡢࠊࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞ሙᡤࡸ᥋ゐ᪉ἲࢆ㝈ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᖜᗈ࠸๓⨨モࡀ౑ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊ  ྛ๓⨨モࡀ⾲ࡍព࿡ࡢṇ☜࡞⌮ゎࡀ኱஦࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃࠊྠ᫬࡟ࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࡞⛣ືࡸ᥋ゐ᪉ἲࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡣࠊேࡸ≀ࡢືࡁࡀᫎീ࡛ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁࡿᫎ⏬ࡣࠊຠᯝⓗ࡞ᡭຓࡅࢆ୚࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠋ
 ࠕぢࡿࠖ⣔ືモࡢᢅ࠸ ㌟య㒊఩ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿືモࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ࡞᥋ゐࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ᪤࡟ゐࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ
ࡇࡢᛶ㉁ࡢ཯౛࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࡢࡀࠊlook ࡸ stare ࡞࡝ࡢࠕぢࡿࠖ⣔ࡢືモ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ(7)࡛ࡶࡍ࡛࡟౛♧ࡋࡓࡀࠊ⮬ືモ࡛࠶ࡿ look ࡶࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

(20)

a.

Because I want you to look me in the eyes and tell me why you betrayed Wakanda.
<00:04:59> (Black Panther, 2018)b.

The second I got here, it was...it was staring me in the face.

<01:23:24> (2067, 2020) ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⾲⌧࡛ඹ㏻ࡍࡿⅬࡣࠊࠕࡌࡗ࡜ぢࡿࠖࡸࠕࡲࡌࡲࡌ࡜ぢࡿࠖࡸࠕ┿ṇ㠃࠿ࡽぢࡍ࠼ࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࠊ
ពᅗⓗ࡟จどࡍࡿࢽࣗ࢔ࣥࢫࡀ࡛ࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᏳ஭ (1987: 146)ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢືモ࡛ࡣ☜࠿࡟≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࡣド࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸࡜ㄆࡵࡓ࠺࠼࡛ࠊࠕ┠ࠖࡸࠕど⥺ࠖࡀᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㌟య㒊఩࡬࡜᥋ゐࡋࠊࡑࡇ࡟౵ධࡍࡿ
࡜࠸࠺ㄝ᫂ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊknife her in the throat ࡛ࢼ࢖ࣇࡀႃ࡟✺ࡁ่ࡉࡿࡢ࡜ࠊᖹ⾜ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ▼ᶫ (1966: 502) ࡟ࡶ⯆࿡῝࠸ゝཬࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᭣ࡃࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛⾲ࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㌟యࡢᒁ㒊ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⾲⌧࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵࠊ⿕⾜Ⅽ⪅඲య࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤ᝟ࡣῶࡾࠊࠕ┠ࠖࡸࠕ㢦ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᒁ㒊࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓࠊlook ࡀ༢࡟ࠕぢࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⣧⢋࡟どぬჾᐁࡢാࡁࢆ⾲ࡍ࡜ࡁࡣ㌟
య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࢆ౑࠺ᚲせࡣ࡞࠸ࠊ࡜࠸࠺ Poutsma ࡢᣦ᦬ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ☜࠿࡟ࠊᫎ⏬࡟Ⓩሙࡍࡿࠕぢࡿࠖ⣔ືモࡢ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡛ࡣࠊヰ⪅ࡢᛣࡾ࡞࡝ࡢឤ᝟ࢆకࡗ࡚ࠕ┠ࢆぢࢁࠖ࡜ゝࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ከ࠸ࠋࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ(20)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞౛ࡣ༢࡟౛እⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➃࡟⨨ࡃࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊจどࡍࡿᵝᏊࡀศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ᐇ㝿ࡢᫎീࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇࡢ⏝ἲࢆᏛࡪࡇ࡜ࡢ࡯࠺ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋ㸬ᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࡞ࡽ࡛ࡣࡢᏛࡧ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊᫎ⏬ࢆ౑࠼ࡤ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀᣢࡘ≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿⅬࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡾࠊᩥ୰ࡢ࡝ࡇ࡟↔Ⅼࡀᙜࡓࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀᢕᥱࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ๓⨨モ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛࡧ࡟⧅ࡀࡗࡓࡾࠊヰ⪅ࡢឤ᝟࡞࡝ࡢᢕᥱ࡟ࡶᙺ❧ࡘࠊ࡜࠸ࡗࡓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࡉࡽ࡟ࠊⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࡽ࡞࡛ࡣࡢ㨩ຊ࡟㏕ࡗ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ
 ẚ႘ⓗ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀࠊᖖ࡟≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࢆ⾲ࡉ࡞࠸୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊlook ࡞࡝ࠕぢࡿࠖ⣔ືモࡢᐇ౛ࢆ3.3 ⠇࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶࠊ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࢆព࿡ࡋ࡞࠸౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊẚ႘ⓗ⾲⌧࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࠋḟࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(21) Bill: I had no choice.

Erick : Wrong again, Wilky. You chose to stab me in the back. <00:24:50> (Murder in the First, S1, E6, 2014)(21)ࡢ఍ヰ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࠕ⫼୰ࢆ่ࡍࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀࠕពᅗⓗ࡟⿬ษࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊErickࡣᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ่ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ὴ⏕ⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࠊ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐ࡛࠶ࡿ stabࡢព࿡ࡀᇶ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿไ⣙ࡢ౛እ࡜ࡣᤊ࠼ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋఝࡓࡼ࠺࡞ẚ႘ⓗ⾲⌧ࡣࠊḟࡢ kick ࡢ౛࡛ࡶ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ (22)



I waited till I got back to my room but, yeah, she’ll kick you right in the ball... yeah, or wherever, you know.
<00:29:30> (Legally Blonde, 2001)(22)࡛ࡣࠊ኱ᏛᩍᤵࡣᏛ⏕ࢆࠕᚭᗏⓗ࡟ᡴࡕࡢࡵࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࠊࠕ⫤㛫ࢆ㋾ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ౛࡛ࡶࠊᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ⫤㛫ࢆ㋾ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀࠊࡶ࡜ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࢆక࠺ kick ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ⯆࿡῝࠸ࡢࡣࠊ(22)ࡢヰ⪅ࡣࡇࡢⓎゝࢆࡋࡓ┤ᚋ࡟ࠊヰࡋ┦ᡭࡀዪᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁࠊሙᡤࢆ⾲ࡍ wherever ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࠊ⫤㛫௨እࡢሙᡤ࡬࡜ヰ㢟ࢆ᣺ࢁ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࡢ㠀㞴ࡢ▩ඛ㸦ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠊkick ࡢᑐ㇟㸧ࡣ you ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊල
యⓗ࡞㌟య㒊఩ࡢኚ᭦ࢆᅗࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᮏ᮶ࡣ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡍࡿ stab ࡸ kick ࡛ࡉ࠼ࡶࠊẚ႘ⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢ᥋ゐࡀ࡞࠸ゎ㔘ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ẚ႘ⓗ࡞⾲⌧ࢆከࡃほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡶࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡢ㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾲⌧ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ヰ⪅ࡢ┿ពࢆ᥈ࡿカ⦎ࢆ⾜࠼ࡤࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢゝㄒᏛⓗ▱㆑ࡢ⌮ゎࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆ㣴࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
 ᡤ᭷⪅ࡢྡモࡀ↓⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿ౛
 4.1 ࡛ぢࡓẚ႘ⓗ⾲⌧࡜ࡣูࡢࢱ࢖ࣉࡢࠊᑡࡋ౛እⓗ࡞㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡶᫎ⏬ෆ࡟ぢࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ2 ⠇࡛ࡣࠊ┤᥋┠ⓗㄒ࡟⏕㉳ࡍࡿྡモࠊࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᡤ᭷⪅࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿྡモࡣࠊ᭷⏕≀࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⩏ົⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ (*Tom kicked the table on the leg.) ࠋࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊḟࡢⱥᩥࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ(23)

You want to just kiss it on the... the facial slit?

<00:20:19> (Iron Man 3, 2013)

ࡇࡢᩥࡢⓎヰ᫬࡟ヰ⪅ࡣࠊ඲㌟ࢆそ࠺ᡓ㜚࣐ࢩ࣮ࣥࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┠ࡢ๓࡟࠸ࡿዪᛶ࡜┤᥋࢟ࢫࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡶឡ᝟ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡃࡿዪᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ヰ⪅ࡣࠊࠕ⮬ศࡀ⿦╔ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࣐ࢩ࣮ࣥ (= it) ࡢࠊཱྀඖࡢ๭ࢀ┠㒊ศ (= facial slit) ࡟࢟ࢫࡋࡓ࠸ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜ၥ࠺࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ᮶࡞ࡽࡤࠊ↓⏕≀ࡀᡤ᭷⪅఩⨨࡟⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣチࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ(23)ࡢ≧ἣୗ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ↓⏕≀ࡣே㛫ᆺ࣐ࢩ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾࠊ࠿ࡘࠊࡍࡄෆഃ࡟ࡣヰ⪅⮬㌟ࡀධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵࠊࡑࡢ࣐ࢩ࣮ࣥࡣ࡯ࡰࠕேࠖᢅ࠸ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢᩥࡀㄆྍࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ2 ⠇࡛☜ㄆࡋࡓᇶᮏ᝟ሗࢆ㉺࠼࡚ࠊⓎᒎⓗ࡞㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࢆ࿡ࢃ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡶࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡢ㓬㓮࿡࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸬ᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᫎ⏬ࡢὀពⅬ ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥ࡟ᑐࡍࡿከゅⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࡀ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᩍᮦ࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊᫎ⏬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࡇࡢᵓᩥࢆᏛࡪ࠺࠼࡛Ẽࢆࡘࡅࡿ࡭ࡁⅬࢆ㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋḟࡢ౛ࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡼ࠺ࠋ

(24)

Sometimes I wanna punch you in your perfect teeth.

<00:59:49> (Captain America: Civil War, 2016)(24)࡛ࡣࠊ๓⨨モྃෆ࡛ࡣ the ࡢࡳࡀ㌟య㒊఩ࢆ⾲ࡍྡモ࡟௜ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟ࠊ࡜࠸࠺࣮ࣝࣝࢆ㐪཯ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࠊࠕぢࡿࠖ⣔ືモࡸẚ႘ⓗ⾲⌧࡞࡝ࠊ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞つ๎ࢆ㐪཯ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ౛ࢆࠊᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ(24)࡛ࡣᑡࡋ஦᝟ࡀ␗࡞ࡿࠋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ືモࡢ≉ᛶࡸᩥ඲యࡢព࿡ゎ㔘ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ౛እⓗ࡞⾲⌧࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ 8 ࡶࡕࢁࢇ(24)ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ᩥࢆ⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡣྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࡢࢩ࣮࡛ࣥࡣ⓶⫗ⓗ࡞ゝ࠸᪉ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤࡼ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ

8the ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ᡤ᭷᱁ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ౛ࡣ⛥࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊᙧᐜモࡲ࡛௜ࡃࡢࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⌋ࡋ࠸ࠋ  ⱥㄒࡢ㠀ẕㄒヰ⪅ࡀⱥㄒࡢ≉Ṧ࡞ᵓᩥࢆᏛࡧࠊᐇ㝿࡟౑࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᫎ⏬ࡢᐇ౛ࡲ࡛ཧ⪃࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ༴㝤࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୙ᚲせ࡞ΰ஘ࢆᣍࡃࡇ࡜ࢆ㑊ࡅࠊࡲࡎࡣᵓᩥࡢ≉ᛶࢆṇ☜࡟▱ࡿ࠺࠼࡛ࡣࠊ
2 ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓᇶᮏⓗ≉ᛶࢆࡲࡎࡣ᭱㔜せどࡋࠊ4 ⠇ࡲ࡛࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓⓎᒎᙧࡲ࡛࡟⌮ゎࢆ␃ࡵ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࠊᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ㸬࠾ࢃࡾ࡟ᮏ✏࡛ࡣ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆࠊᫎ⏬ࡢⱥㄒᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㨩ຊࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣࠊᫎ⏬ࢆ౑࠼ࡤ㌟య㒊఩ᡤ᭷⪅ୖ᪼ᵓᩥࡢᇶᮏ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠊ≀⌮ⓗ᥋ゐ࡞᥋ゐࡀ☜ㄆࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࠊ๓⨨モࡢ⌮ゎࡀ῝ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࠊẚ႘ⓗ⾲⌧ࡸࠊヰ⪅ࡢឤ᝟ࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓࠕぢࡿࠖ⣔ືモࡀ⌮ゎࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࢆᐇ㝿ࡢᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣࠊ୍⯡ⓗ࡞ⱥㄒᏛ⩦᭩࡛ࡣぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᐇ౛ࡶከ࠸ࡓࡵࠊ
ᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡢᩍᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ᭷ຠᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓྠ᫬࡟ࠊᫎ⏬࡟ࡣࠕὴ⏕ᙧࠖࡸࠕⓎᒎⓗࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓゝⴥ࡛ࡣ῭ࡲࡏࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞౛እⓗᐇ౛ࡀⓏሙࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊ
ᩍ⛉᭩࡛ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸⯆࿡῝࠸ᐇ౛ࢆ᥇ྲྀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢࡀᫎ⏬ࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺࡢ㨩ຊ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⌮ゎࡋࡘࡘࡶࠊ࠶ࡲࡾࡾ࡟ࡶወ␗࡞ᐇ౛࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㐣ࡂࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㑊ࡅࡿ㔜せᛶࡶᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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