ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫ޝ‬᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯߣߘߩലᨐߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޞ‬
Setting of Collection/shipment Area of Marine Products and Its Effectᬺോฬᆔ⸤⠪ᜂᒰ⠪࿾ၞ⾗Ḯ╬ࠍᵴ↪ߒߚṪ᷼࡮Ṫ᧛ߩᝄ⥝ߦ߆߆ࠆ⹏ଔᚻᴺߩᬌ⸛⺞ᩏ㧔㧕᳓↥ᐡṪ᷼Ṫ႐ᢛ஻ㇱ㧔ᓟ⮮ථᴦ㧕㧘ᮮጊ⌀๋㧘ᄢጟ㆐਽
The main aims of the projects on the development of fisheries infrastructures were formerly improvement ofworking conditions at landing places. Recently, those projects make a contribution to the structural reform on
distribution system of fishing products and make it clear that those projects bring good result, such as stability ofthe market prices of fishing products. We, first, review those projects’ plan. Secondly, as a case study, we introduce
those projects’ effects which are improvement of quality and enlargement of a sales chain of flesh fish, andevaluate the economic ripple effects of the projects on fisheries communities as the project site and on theconsumption areas. Thirdly, we propose the effective development methods of those projects on collecting andshipment places of fishing products which are not only flesh fish but also processed, as the project sites.
Key words:marine products collection and shipment area, supply chain, market consolidation, knock-on effect㧝㧚⺞ᩏߩ⋡⊛ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬ߩᡷᱜ᳓↥ၮᧄ⸘↹ߢߪ㧘᳓↥ᝄ⥝ߩߚ߼‫⊒ߩࡦ࡯ࠚ࠴ࠗ࡜ࡊࠨޟ‬ᗐߩਅ㧘Ṫᬺ㧘᳓↥ടᎿᬺ෸߮᳓↥ᵹㅢᬺߩㅪ៤ࠍᒝൻߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐ‫ࠆ޿ߡࠇߐߣޠ‬㧚 ߎࠇ߹ߢ㧘Ṫ᷼߿Ṫ႐㧘ᦝߦߪṪ᷼ౝߦ޽ࠆᏒ႐╬ߩ㑐ㅪᣉ⸳ߣ޿ߞߚ᳓↥ၮ⋚ߪ㧘᳓↥‛ߩ↢↥߆ࠄ㒽឴ߍ࡮ᵹㅢടᎿ߹ߢߩଏ⛎ࠪࠬ࠹ࡓࠍ᭴▽ߔࠆߚ߼ߩၮ⋚ߣߒߡᢛ஻߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒታ㓙ߦߪ㧘↢↥࿾ౝߩ㒢ࠄࠇߚ▸࿐ߢߩ↢↥࡮㓸⩄૕೙ᒝൻߦ⇐߹ࠅ㧘↢↥࿾߆ࠄᶖ⾌࿾ߦ⥋ࠆ㓸಴⩄૕೙ᒝൻߦߪ⥋ߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߣߩᜰ៰߇޽ߞߚ㧚 ㄭᐕߢߪ㧘᡽╷⊛ߦ᳓↥‛ߩ↥࿾Ꮢ႐ߩ⛔วൻ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆਛ㧘ⶄᢙߩṪ᷼╬߇ㅪ៤࡮ᒝൻࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߢ㧘↢↥࿾߆ࠄᶖ⾌࿾߹ߢߩ᳓↥‛ߩ㓸಴⩄૕೙߇ᒝൻߐࠇߡ߈ߚ࿾ၞ߽⷗ࠄࠇࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻߇࿁ㆆ㝼ߥߤṪ₪ᤨᦼ߿ᶏၞߩ㒢ቯߐࠇࠆ㝼⒳ࠍਛᔃߦ㧘ขᛒ㊂෸߮ຠ⾰ߩ⏕଻╬ࠍㅢߓߡ㧘ᵹㅢ▸࿐ߩ᜛ᄢ߇࿑ࠄࠇᣨ㝼ߩᶖ⾌⠪࠾࡯࠭ߦ޽ࠊߖߚല₸⊛ߥଏ⛎ࠍน⢻ߦߒߚߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ߘߎߢ㧘ᧄ⎇ⓥߪ㧘᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߩ߁ߜṪ᷼߿ߘߩ㑐ㅪᣉ⸳ߩᢛ஻ߦ߅ߌࠆ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩᢛ஻ߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍᢛℂߒ㧘᳓↥‛ᵹㅢ߇ᛴ߃ࠆ⺖㗴ࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ਄ߢ㧘੹ᓟߩᢛ஻ߩᣇะᕈߣ᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯᣇᴺߦߟ޿ߡឭ᩺ߔࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚㧞㧚⺞ᩏߩౝኈߣᣇᴺᧄ⺞ᩏߢߪ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ࿤ၞ⸳ቯߩ⠨߃ᣇߩᄌㆫࠍᢛℂߒߚ਄ߢ㧘᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞ⸳ቯߩ਄㧘Ꮢ႐⛔วߒߚጊญ⋵㒙ᱞ࡮⪤࿾඙ߦߌࠆ੐଀⺞ᩏࠍⴕ޿㧘᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ㓙ߦ᳞߼ࠄࠇࠆⷐ⚛ࠍ᛽಴ߒ᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘㓞ធߔࠆ㐳㐷࿾඙ߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘࿤ၞߩᄢ߈ߐࠍᄌൻߐߖߚ႐วߩലᨐߩ㆑޿ࠍ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐߣߒߡᲧセߒߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘ᧄ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߔࠆߦᒰߚࠅ‫ޟ‬࿾ၞ⾗Ḯࠍᵴ↪ߒߚṪ᧛ߩᝄ⥝ᣇ╷ᬌ⸛ᆔຬળ‫ߚߒ⟎⸳ࠍޠ‬㧚9ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ㧟㧚ਥߥ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ߩᣇะᕈߣᦼᓙߐࠇࠆലᨐ ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߩ㊀ὐൻߩ⠨߃ᣇC ╙㧝ᦼ㧔Ṫ᷼Ṫ᧛࿤㧕 ╙  ᰴో࿖✚ว㐿⊒⸘↹એ㒠㧘ቯ૑࿤᭴ᗐ߿ᄙᭂಽᢔဳ࿖࿯ߩ᭴▽㧘ᄙゲဳ࿖࿯᭴ㅧᒻᚑߩၮ␆ߠߊࠅ߇ㅴ߼ࠄࠇࠆਛ㧘Ṫ᷼ᢛ஻ߦ߅޿ߡ߽Ṫ᧛ߣߩ৻૕ᢛ஻ࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߣߐࠇߚ㧚ߎߎߢߪṪ᧛ࠍṪᬺ⠪╬ߩ↢ᵴ߿Ṫදᵴേߩ᜚ὐ㧘Ṫ᷼ࠍṪᬺᵴേߩ᜚ὐߣߒߡ‫ޟ‬Ṫ᷼Ṫ᧛࿤᭴ᗐ‫ߩޠ‬ਅ㧘ᐢၞࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢൻߩߚ߼ߩၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߦദ߼ߡ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘Ṫ᷼Ṫ᧛࿤ߩ▸࿐ߪ㧘᳓↥‛ߩ㒽឴ߍ߆ࠄᵹㅢ߹ߢߩㆊ⒟ߩ૞ᬺߩല₸ൻࠍ࿑ࠆߴห৻Ṫදߩᵴേߩ▸࿐ౝߢ⸳ቯߒߚ㧚ߊ㧘৻૕⊛ߦ㓸⩄߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ޿ࠆṪ᷼ࠍ⟲ߣߒߚߘߩ┙࿾▸࿐ࠍၮᧄߦ㧘ߘߩਛߢၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߪ㧘Ṫ᷼⟲ౝߦ߅ߌࠆᯏ⢻ಽᜂߦၮߠ߈㧘ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ࿾඙ߦ⛉ࠅ㊀ὐᢛ஻ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߈ߚ㧔⴫‫ޟ‬Ṫ᷼Ṫ᧛࿤‫ޠ‬㧕㧚D ╙㧞ᦼ㧔Ṫ᷼Ṫ႐Ṫ᧛࿤㧕 ᐔᚑ  ᐕߦ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩṪ᷼Ṫ᧛ᢛ஻ߩᩮ᜚ᴺߢ޽ߞߚṪ᷼ᴺ߇⷗⋥ߐࠇ㧘Ṫ႐ߣṪ᷼Ṫ᧛ࠍ৻૕ᢛ஻ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚṪ᷼Ṫ႐ᢛ஻ᴺ߇ᚑ┙ߒߚ㧚ߎߩߎߣࠍฃߌߡ㧘Ṫ႐ߢߩ૞ᬺߣߘߩᓟߩṪ᷼Ṫ᧛ߢߩ૞ᬺㆊ⒟ࠍㅢߒߡല₸ൻࠍ࿑ࠆߴߊ㧘Ṫ᷼Ṫ᧛࿤ߦṪ႐࿤ၞࠍട߃ߚṪ᷼Ṫ႐Ṫ᧛࿤ࠍ⸳ቯߒ㧘ᦝߥࠆല₸ൻᢛ஻ࠍㅴ߼ߡ߈ߚ㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘࿤ၞ▸࿐ߪ㧘Ṫ᷼೑↪ߔࠆ⠪ߩᴪጯṪ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ೑↪ታᘒࠍᛠីߒ㧘ห৻࿤ၞߦ߅޿ߡ৻ㅪߩṪᬺ↢↥ᵴേ߇✂⟜ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸳ቯߒߚ㧚ߘߩਛߢၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߪ㧘Ṫ᷼ᯏ⢻ߦട߃㧘ᩱၭṪᬺߩផㅴߥߤ᳓↥⾗Ḯߩᜬ⛯ൻߦ⾗ߔࠆᯏ⢻ߩᒝൻ߇ᔅⷐߣߐࠇࠆ࿾඙ࠍ㊀ὐᢛ஻ߩኻ⽎ߣߒߡ߈ߚ㧔⴫‫ޟ‬Ṫ᷼Ṫ႐Ṫ᧛࿤‫ޠ‬㧕㧚⴫ ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ߩ૕♽ൻ↥࿾ᯏ⢻ᒝൻߩᮨᑼ࿑Ṫ᷼Ṫ᧛࿤㩿䌈䋶䌾䋱䋳䋩䂾᳓↥‛䈱㒽឴䈕䈎䉌ᵹㅢ䉁䈪䈱৻૕ᕈ䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈢Ṫ᷼⟲䉕⸳ቯṪ᷼Ṫ႐Ṫ᧛࿤᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤䋨䌈䋱䋴䌾䋱䋸䋩䋨䌈䋱䋹䌾䋲䋳䋩䂾Ṫ᷼䈫઻䈮ᴪጯṪ႐䈱೑↪▸࿐䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈢 䂾↥࿾Ꮢ႐䈱⛔ว䉕⠨ᘦ䈚䈢᳓↥‛䈱↢↥䊶ᵹㅢṪᬺ↢↥ᵴേ࿤ၞ䉕⸳ቯ࿤ၞ䉕⸳ቯ䇭䊶Ṫදว૬⸘↹䈱䈾䈎䇮ᩱၭṪᬺၮᧄ⸘↹࿤ၞ䈱▸࿐䈱⸳ቯ䇭䊶Ṫදว૬⸘↹╬䈫䈱ᢛว䉕࿑䉎䇯䇭䊶᳓↥‛↥࿾Ꮢ႐ౣ✬ᢛ஻⸘↹䈫䈱ᢛว䉕࿑䉎䇯╬䇮ฦ⒳᳓↥⸘↹䈫䈱ᢛว䉕࿑䉎䇯䋨ห৻Ṫද䈱ᵴേ▸࿐╬䉕ಽᢿ䈚䈭䈇䈖䈫䈮 䋨Ṫද▸࿐䇮Ṫᬺ࿤ၞ䉕ಽᢿ䈚䈭䈇䈖䈫䈮⇐䋨↥࿾Ꮢ႐䈱㓸಴⩄▸࿐䉕ಽᢿ䈚䈭䈇䈖䈫䈮⇐ᗧ䋩⇐ᗧ䋩ᗧ䋩䂾ේೣ䇮㪈࿤ၞ䈱ขᛒ㊄㗵䈏䋲䋰ం౞䉕⿥䈋䉎䂾↥࿾Ꮢ႐䉕ਛᔃ䈫䈜䉎᳓↥‛ᵹㅢ䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䈮࿤ၞ䈱ⷙᮨ䈱⸳ቯ䂾หᏀⷙᮨ䈍䈇䈩⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐ䈏ᦨᄢ㒢ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎ⷙᮨో࿖䈱✚࿤ၞᢙ䂾᭎䈰䋵䋰䋰䂾หᏀ䂾᭎䈰䋳䋰䋰䂾᜚ὐṪ᷼䂾᜚ὐ࿾඙䂾ᵹㅢ᜚ὐ࿾඙䇭䊶ਥⷐ䈭᳓↥‛䈱↥࿾Ꮢ႐䉕㐿⸳䈚䈩䈇䉎᳓↥‛䇭䊶᳓↥‛↢↥᜚ὐ䇭䊶᳓↥‛䈱᳓឴䈕෸䈶㓸⩄᜚ὐ䈱ᵹㅢ᜚ὐ䂾⵬ቢṪ᷼䂾⵬ቢ࿾඙䂾ਛᩭ⊛↢↥࿾඙䇭䊶ᵹㅢ᜚ὐ䈫䈱㑆䈪㓸಴⩄䊈䉾䊃䊪䊷䉪䉕᭴▽䈜࿤ၞౝ䈱Ṫ᷼䈱ಽ㘃 䇭䊶䈧䈒䉍⢒䈩䉎Ṫᬺᡰេᯏ⢻䇭䊶ᩱၭჇ㙃ᱺ᜚ὐ䉎ਛᩭ⊛䈭↢↥ᵴേ᜚ὐ䇭䊶ᶏᵗᕈ䊧䉪䊥䉣䊷䉲䊢䊮᜚ὐ䊶ᶏᵗᕈ䊧䉪䊥䉣䊷䉲䊢䊮᜚ὐ䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭╬䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭䇭╬䂾䈠䈱ઁ䂾䈠䈱ઁ䂾䈠䈱ઁ䂾᜚ὐ࿾඙䇮෸䈶⵬ቢ࿾඙䈱䈉䈤ᩱၭჇ㙃ᱺ䂾ᵹㅢ᜚ὐ࿾඙䇮෸䈶ਛᩭ⊛↢↥࿾඙䉕ኻ⽎䈮䇮䂾᜚ὐ䊶⵬ቢ᷼䈱ᯏ⢻䉕᣿⏕䈮ಽᜂ䈚䈢਄ ᜚ὐ䉕ኻ⽎䈮䇮᳓↥⾗Ḯ䈱ᜬ⛯⊛೑↪䈫⦟⾰ᢛ஻䈱㊀ὐൻ䈱ᣇะᕈ↢↥䉮䉴䊃䈱❗ᷫ䊶㞲ᐲ଻ᜬኻ╷䊶ⴡ↢▤ℂኻ╷䈱䈪䇮ᔅⷐᦨዊ㒢䈱ᣉ⸳ᢛ஻䉕ⴕ䈉䇯䈭᳓↥‛䈱቟ቯଏ⛎૕೙䈱ᒝൻ䉕࿑䉎ⷰὐᒝൻ䉕࿑䉎ⷰὐ䈎䉌䇮ᔅⷐᦨዊ㒢䈱ᢛ஻䉕ⴕ䈉䇯䈎䉌䇮ᔅⷐᦨዊ㒢䈱ᣉ⸳ᢛ஻䉕ⴕ䈉䇯ᢛ஻࿾඙ᢙ᭎䈰䋱䋲䋰䋰࿾඙䈪ᢛ஻᭎䈰䋹䋷䋰࿾඙䈪ᢛ஻᭎䈰䋶䋳䋵࿾඙䈪ᢛ஻ ߎࠇ߆ࠄߩ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ߩ⠨߃ᣇ㧔᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤㧕ᡷᱜ᳓↥ၮᧄ⸘↹ߢߪ㧘Ꮢ႐ࠍᩭߣߒߚ᳓↥‛ᵹㅢ᭴ㅧߩᒝൻߣ㧘↥࿾ߣᶖ⾌⠪ࠍߟߥߋᵹㅢ⚻〝ߩ᭴▽߇᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩ↢↥߆ࠄ㓸⩄ㆊ⒟ߢߩࡀ࠶࠻ࡢ࡯ࠢൻᢛ஻߆ࠄ↢↥߆ࠄ㓸⩄㧘಴⩄ߦ⥋ࠆㆊ⒟㧔ࠨࡊ࡜ࠗ࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦ㧕ࠍㅢߒߡ㧘᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ߣߒߡᢛ஻ߔࠆߎߣ߇ᔅⷐߣߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘࿤ၞ▸࿐ߪ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ߹ߢߦ⃻࿷ߩ  ⿥߆ࠄ᭎ߨ  ߦ⛔ᑄวߔࠆ੍ቯߩ᳓↥‛↥࿾Ꮢ႐ࠍਛᔃߣߔࠆ㓸಴⩄น⢻▸࿐ߣߒߡ⸳ቯߒ㧘ߘߩਛߢᢥሼㅢࠅ↥࿾Ꮢ႐߇┙࿾ߔࠆṪ᷼ࠍ᳓↥‛ᵹㅢ᜚ὐߣߒߡ㊀ὐᢛ஻ߩኻ⽎ߣߔࠆߎߣߣߒߚ㧔⴫‫ޟ‬᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤‫ޠ‬㧕㧚᳓↥ᬺࠍขࠅᏎߊ⃻⁁ࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘↢↥᭴ㅧߩ⣀ᒙൻ㧘ᵹㅢ᭴ㅧߩ⣀ᒙൻ㧘⽼ᄁ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞࡮㊂ߩᷫዋߣ޿ߞߚ⺖㗴߇⋧੕ߦᖡᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧔࿑㧕㧚ߎࠇࠄߩ⺖㗴ߪ⋧੕ߦ㑐ଥߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢߩࠃ߁ߦ㓸⩄ᯏ⢻ߛߌߢߥߊ࿑ ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦ㓸಴⩄ᯏ⢻ߩਔᣇߩᒝൻࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߢ⸃᳿߇࿑ࠄࠇࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߔߥࠊߜ㧘10ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ㓸⩄ᯏ⢻ߩᒝൻߪ㧘᳓↥‛ߩ㞲ᐲ଻ᜬࠍน⢻ߣߒ㧘໡ຠଔ୯ߩะ਄ߪṪᬺ⠪ߩ↢↥ᗧ᰼ߩะ਄╬ߦߟߥ߇ࠆߣߔࠆ৻ᣇߢ㧘಴⩄ᯏ⢻ߩᒝൻ㧔᜚ὐᏒ႐ߩᵴᕈൻ㧕ߪ㧘⽼ᄁ࡞࡯࠻ߩ᜛ᄢߦࠃࠆᶖ⾌⠪ߩ༵ᅢᕈߦᔕߓߚ᳓↥‛⾼౉ࠍน⢻ߦߔࠆߥߤ㧘ᶖ⾌ߩᵴ⊒ൻߦߟߥ߇ࠆߣߔࠆ⠨߃ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩߎߣߪ㧘એਅߦ␜ߔ㜞⍮⋵ኋᲫḧ࿾඙ߩ੐଀߆ࠄ߽⷗ߡขࠇࠆ㧚⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴ᖡᓴⅣᖡᓴⅣᶖ⾌⠪ߩ⾼⾈ᒻᘒ᳓↥⾗Ḯ⁁ᘒ࿖᳃ߩ㝼㔌ࠇ࡮࠾࡯࠭ߩᄌൻߩᖡൻખ⾈ੱᷫዋ࿖᳃ߩ᳓↥‛ᶖ⾌࿾࠾࡯࠭ߣ㝼ଔਅ⪭ߦࠃࠆᏒ႐ߩᏒ႐ߩᘟᕈ⊛ߥ㝼ଔߩߩ㑐ᔃૐਅ᳓↥‛ଏ⛎ߩᖡᓴⅣṪᬺ⠪ᚲᓧᷫዋขᛒ㗵ᷫዋ↢↥ജૐਅਅ⪭࡮ૐㅅ㧔⾼⾈㊂ߩᷫዋ㧕ࡒࠬࡑ࠶࠴Ꮢ႐ଏ⛎ജૐਅ⽼ᄁ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞࡮㊂ߩᷫዋᵹㅢ᭴ㅧߩ⣀ᒙൻ↢↥᭴ㅧߩ⣀ᒙൻ࿑ ᳓↥ᬺࠍขࠅᏎߊ⃻⁁ߣ⺖㗴ኻᔕᣇ╷↢↥ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ㓸⩄ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ಴⩄ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ⽼ᄁᯏ⢻ᒝൻ಴⩄ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ⽼ᄁᯏ⢻ᒝൻṪᬺ⠪ߩᗧ⼂ᡷ㕟࿖᳃ߩ༵ᅢᕈߦᔕߓߚ᜚ὐᏒ႐ࠍ⿠ὐߣߒߚ᳓↥‛ߩ໡ຠଔ୯ߩะ਄᳓↥‛ߩ໡ຠଔ୯ߩะ਄᳓↥‛ߩଔ୯ߩะ਄᳓↥‛⽼ᄁߩታ⃻⽼ᄁ࠴ࡖࡦࡀ࡞᭴▽↥࿾ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ䈎䉌䈱↥࿾ᯏ⢻ᒝൻ䈎䉌䈱䉰䊒䊤䉟䉼䉢䊷䊮ᒝൻ䉰䊒䊤䉟䉼䉢䊷䊮ᒝൻ࿑ ↥࿾ᯏ⢻ᒝൻߩᮨᑼ࿑ 㜞⍮⋵ኋᲫḧ࿾඙ߦ߅ߌࠆᢛ஻ലᨐ㜞⍮⋵ኋᲫḧ࿾඙ߪ㧘Ꮞ߈✂Ṫᬺࠍਛᔃߦ㧘ߎࠇ߹ߢᄢ᦬↸࡮ኋᲫᏒߦ޽ࠆ  ߩṪ᷼ߢ୘೎ߦ᳓឴ߍ߆ࠄ಴⩄߹ߢ߇ⴕࠊࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘㑐᧲㧔੩ᵿ㧕Ꮢ႐ะߌߩᵹㅢ㔛ⷐ߇㜞޿߽ߩߩ㧘ᒰ࿾඙ߪ྾࿖ߩਛߢߎࠇࠄᏒ႐߳ߩᦨ㆙ㇱߦ૏⟎ߔࠆߎߣ߽޽ࠅャㅍࠦࠬ࠻╬ߩჇട߳ߩ ᔨ߆ࠄ㞲㝼ߢߩ಴⩄ߪ࿎㔍ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᒰ࿾඙ౝߢᦨ߽࿖㆏߳ߩࠕࠢ࠮ࠬ߇⦟ᅢߥ↰ࡁᶆṪ᷼ߩᣉ⸳ߩ᜛లߣߣ߽ߦ㧘↥࿾Ꮢ႐ࠍ⛔วߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ࡠ࠶࠻ߩ⏕଻߇น⢻ߣߥࠅ㧘᳓↥‛ଔᩰߦኻߔࠆャㅍࠦࠬ࠻ߩഀว߇ᛥ೙ߢ߈ࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ㧚ߎߩ⚿ᨐ㧘Ꮢ႐⛔ว೨ᓟߢ㧘࿾඙ౝߩ᳓↥‛ขᛒ㊂߇Ⴧട㧔 ජ㩎㩧㧛ᐕЈ ජ㩎㩧㧛ᐕ㧕ߔࠆ╬㧘Ṫᬺᵴേ߇ᵴ⊒ൻߔࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ࡠ࠶࠻⏕଻߿ⴡ↢▤ℂኻ╷ߦࠃࠆ⽼〝ߩ᜛ᄢ߇ታ⃻ߒߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ખ⾈ᬺ⠪ߩෳ౉Ⴧട߽޽ࠅ㧘ᄌേߩᄢ߈߆ߞߚ㝼ଔ߇቟ቯߒ㧘⚿ᨐߣߒߡᏒ႐ߩᐕᐔဋ㝼ଔ߇  ౞MIЈ ౞MI ߣ 㧑⒟ᐲჇടߒߚ㧔⴫㧕࿾඙ౝขᛒ㊂ߩჇടߦߟ޿ߡߪߎࠇ߹ߢઁ⋵ߢ᳓឴ߍߐࠇߡ޿ߚ᳓↥‛߇ᒰ࿾඙ౝߢ᳓឴ߍߐࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚ੐߇ᄢ߈ߥⷐ࿃ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎࠇߦࠃࠅ㧘⋵ౝߩ᳓↥‛㔛ⷐߦᔕ߃ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߛߌߢߥߊ㧘⋵ᄖ߳ߩ᳓↥‛ขᒁߩჇടߦࠃࠆ࿾ၞ⚻ᷣߩᵴᕈൻߦߟߥ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘⋵ᄖ߳ߩ᳓↥‛ᵹㅢߩᄌൻߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘࿑ ߩߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠅ㧘੩ᵿ࿾඙࡮਻Ꮊ࿾඙ࠍਛᔃߦ⽼〝ߩ᜛ᄢ߇㗼⪺ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ᳓↥‛ߩ⽼〝᜛ᄢߪ㧘11ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥᶖ⾌⠪ߦߣߞߡ࿾㝼࡮ᣨ㝼ࠍో࿖ฦ࿾߆ࠄ⾼౉ߢ߈ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᗧ๧ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ᮮጊࠄ  ߪ㧘Ṫ᷼ᢛ஻ߦࠃࠆ᳓↥‛ᵹㅢߩ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐߦߟ޿ߡ↥ᬺㅪ㑐ಽᨆࠍ↪޿ߡ▚ቯߔࠆᚻᴺࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߎߩᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘એ਄ߩ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߣߦ㧘ኋᲫḧ࿾඙ߦ߅ߌࠆ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐࠍ▚ቯߔࠆߣ㧘࿾ၞౝ᳓↥㑐ଥ⠪ߦ߽ߚࠄߐࠇࠆ⋥ធലᨐߪ  ⊖ਁ౞㧛ᐕߦኻߒ㧘ઁ↥ᬺ߳ߩ⚻ᷣᵄ෸㗵ߣߒߡ৻ᰴᵄ෸ലᨐ  ⊖ਁ౞㧛ᐕ㧘ੑᰴᵄ෸ലᨐ  ⊖ਁ౞㧛ᐕߣ▚ቯߐࠇߚ㧚ᦝߦ㧘ߎߩߎߣߦࠃࠆ㧘㧳㧰㧼Ⴧട㗵ߪ  ⊖ਁ౞㧛ᐕߣ▚ቯߐࠇߚ㧚⴫ ↥࿾Ꮢ႐ᒝൻߦࠃࠆ㝼ଔᄌൻᢛ஻೨ᢛ஻ᓟ*㨪*㨪* * 䉷䊮䉯 䊙䉝䉳 䉰䊋 䉦䉺䉪䉼 䊙䉟䊪䉲䉡䊦䊜䉟䊪䉲Ꮞ䈐✂䈱ᐔဋߘߩઁЈ੩ᵿЈਛ࿖Ј ྾࿖Ј੩㒋␹Ј਻ᎺЈ 䇭䇭㩿ኋᲫḧ࿾඙Ꮞ䈐✂Ṫᬺ㪀 න૏䋺౞㪆㫂㪾㜞⍮⋵ኋᲫḧ࿾඙䋨ᢛ஻೨㹢ᢛ஻ᓟ䋩㪍㪅㪍ජ䊃䊮㹢㪈㪌㪅㪇ජ䊃䊮࿑ ᵹㅢ▸࿐ߩᄌൻ ᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ 㜞⍮⋵ኋᲫḧ࿾඙ߦ⷗ࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߥᢛ஻ലᨐࠍ⊒⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍᅤ૗ߦ⸳ቯߔࠆ߆߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ㧚 ߢ␜ߒߚߣ߅ࠅ㧘࿤ၞ⸳ቯߩ⠨߃ᣇߪ㧘↢↥࿾ߢߩṪᬺᵴേߦ߅ߌࠆ૞ᬺߩല₸ൻࠍ࿑ࠈ߁ߣߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇ߆ࠄ㧘⛔วߔࠆ↥࿾Ꮢ႐ࠍਛᔃߦ᳓↥‛ߩ㓸⩄▸࿐ࠍน⢻ߥ㒢ࠅ᜛ߍࠆߎߣߢ㧘ࡠ࠶࠻ߩ⏕଻ࠍ࿑ࠅ㧘಴⩄㧔⽼〝㧕ߩ᜛ᄢߦߟߥߍߡ޿ߎ߁ߣߔࠆ⠨߃ᣇߦᄌൻߒߡ߈ߡ޿ࠆ㧚 ߒ߆ߒ㧘৻ญߦ㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߣ⸒ߞߡ߽㧘Ṫ₪ψ㒽឴ψ㓸⩄ψ಴⩄ψᵹㅢψ⽼ᄁߣߔࠆฦᲑ㓏ߩ૞ᬺᒻᘒ╬ࠍ⠨߃ࠆߣ৻᭎ߦ⸳ቯߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿㧚 ߘߎߢ㧘ᣢߦᏒ႐⛔วࠍⴕߞߚ࿾ၞߩਛ߆ࠄጊญ⋵⪤࿾඙ࠍࡕ࠺࡞ߦ㧘Ꮢ႐⛔วߦ㓙ߒߡߩ⺖㗴߿⛔วലᨐࠍᢛℂߒ㧘ઁ࿾ၞߢߩ࿤ၞ⸳ቯᣇᴺ߳ߩㆡ↪ߩน⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ㧚 ⪤࿾඙ߦ߅ߌࠆ㊀ὐᢛ஻ߩข⚵ߺ ⪤࿾඙ߢߪ㧴 ᐕ  ᦬ߦ࿾඙ౝߩ  Ꮢ႐ࠍ⛔วߒߚጊญߪ߉Ꮢ႐ࠍ㐿⸳ߒ㧘ߎࠇߦ޽ࠊߖߡ㧘ᒰᏒ႐ߩ┙࿾ߔࠆ⪤Ṫ᷼ࠍ᜚ὐṪ᷼ߣߒߚ㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍ⸳ቯߩ਄㧘⪤Ṫ᷼ߩ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ࠍⴕߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚 Ꮢ႐⛔วᤨߩ⺖㗴ߣኻ╷ Ꮢ႐⛔วࠍⴕ߁ߎߣߢ㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍ᜛ᄢߒࠃ߁ߣߔࠆ႐ว㧘ฦṪ᷼ߢ᳓឴ߍߒߚᓟߩ㓸⩄ߦ㓙ߒߡ㧘ᐞߟ߆ߩ⺖㗴߇↢ߓࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ㧚⪤࿾඙ߢߩ⺖㗴ࠍ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆኻ╷ߣ޽ࠊߖߡ㧘⴫ ߦ␜ߒߚ㧚⴫ Ꮢ႐⛔วߦࠃࠆ⺖㗴ߣኻ╷⺖‫ޓޓ‬㗴ኻ‫╷ޓޓ‬Ꮢ႐߹ߢߩ㒽ㅍᤨ㑆ㅊടߦ઻߁ᠲᬺน⢻ᤨ㑆ߩ⍴❗
Ꮢ႐߹ߢߩ㒽ㅍᤨ㑆ߩㅊടߦ઻߁㞲ᐲૐਅࡠ࠶࠻ჇടߦࠃࠆᏒ႐ౝ૞ᬺᤨ㑆ߩჇടߦ઻߁㞲ᐲૐਅ㆏〝✂ߩᢛ஻㧔ࡏ࠻࡞ࡀ࠶ࠢߩ⸃ᶖ㧕಄ಓᯏઃ࠻࡜࠶ࠢߢߩ㓸⩄૕೙ߩ᭴▽‫ޔ‬ᣉ᳖ߒߚᪿ൮ߩᔀᐩ㧔⾂᳖ᣉ⸳ߩᢛ஻㧕Ṫ᷼ౝߢߩ᳖࠲ࡦࠢߩ⸳⟎᷷ᐲ▤ℂဳ⩄᝕߈ᚲߩᢛ஻੐೨ߦ࠮࡝ߦਗ߱᳓↥‛ࠍᛠីߢ߈ࠆ㔚ሶࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩዉ౉㓸಴⩄⚻⾌ߩჇടᒰᣣߩ಴⩄㊂ߦ޽ࠊߖߚ࠻࡜࠶ࠢߩ㈩ゞ

ࡠ࠶࠻Ⴧട෸߮ખ⾈ᬺ⠪ߩෳ౉Ⴧടߦࠃࠆᣉ⸳⛘ኻ㊂ߩਇ 㒽឴ߍጯოߩᢛ஻⿷⩄᝕߈ᣉ⸳ߩ᜛ల㝼⒳ࠍ߹ߣ߼ߚ࠮࡝ߩታᣉ
㓸⩄వ೎ߦ࠮࡝႐ߩಽൻ㆏ߩ㚞‫⋥ޔ‬ᄁᚲߩ⸳⟎↥࿾ߢߩ᳓↥‛⾼౉ᯏળߩᷫዋ12ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ 㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ᧦ઙߩ⸳ቯએ਄ࠍ〯߹߃ߡ㧘㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ᧦ઙߣߒߡߪએਅߩ㧠ߟߩⷞὐߢᢛℂߢ߈ࠆ㧚C ⇣ߥࠆᶖ⾌࿾Ꮢ႐ߩ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ߦኻᔕߒߚ↥࿾૞ᬺᤨ㑆⏕଻ߩⷞὐ⽼〝᜛ᄢࠍታ⃻ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘಴⩄వߣߥࠆᶖ⾌࿾Ꮢ႐ߢߩ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ߦ޽ࠊߖߡ㓸಴⩄૞ᬺࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣߦ⇐ᗧߒߥߊߡߪߥࠄߥ޿㧚․ߦ㧘㞲㝼ᵹㅢߩ႐ว㧘ᒰᣣ⽼ᄁࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߆ࠄ㧘ߘߩ೙⚂ߪᄢ߈޿㧚ౕ૕⊛ߦߪ↥࿾Ꮢ႐ߢߩ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ࠍᣧ߼ࠆߎߣߢ㧘Ṫᬺᒻᘒߦࠃߞߡߪᠲᬺᤨ㑆ߩ⍴❗ࠍᒝ޿ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߣߥࠆ㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘㆏〝✂ߩᢛ஻ߩઁ㧘ᶖ⾌࿾Ꮢ႐ߢߩ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ࠍ⠨ᘦߦ౉ࠇߟߟ㧘ᭂജ㧘Ṫᬺᵴേߩᅹߍߣߥࠄߥ޿▸࿐ౝߢ㧘࿤ၞ⸳ቯࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚D 㓸⩄Ბ㓏ߢߩ㝼⒳Ფߩ㞲ᐲ⏕଻ߩⷞὐ ᵹㅢ᜚ὐᏒ႐ߦṪ₪‛ࠍ㓸⩄ߔࠆߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ߘߩᄙߊ߇࠻࡜࠶ࠢߦࠃࠆ㒽ㅍߣߥࠆ㧚ᓥ᧪ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘⥄᷼ߢ࠮࡝߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆ႐วߪ㧘Ṫ⦁߆ࠄ㒽឴ߍߒߚ⋥ᓟߦ࠮࡝߇ⴕࠊࠇࠆߚ߼Ṫᬺ⠪߇ᣉ᳖ߒߥߊߣ߽㞲ᐲߩ⦟޿⁁ᘒߢ⽼ᄁ߇น⢻ߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘ᵹㅢ᜚ὐߦṪ₪‛ࠍ㓸⩄ߒߡ߆ࠄખ⾈ᬺ⠪߳⽼ᄁߔࠆ႐วߦߪ㧘⥄᷼߆ࠄᵹㅢ᜚ὐ߹ߢߩ㞲ᐲૐਅࠍᛥ߃ࠆߴߊṪᬺ⠪ߩ⽶ᜂߪᄢ߈ߊߥࠆ㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ㓙ߦߪ㧘ኻ⽎࿾ၞߢ᳓឴ߍߐࠇࠆਥⷐ㝼⒳ߩ․ᕈࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚ਄ߢ㧘Ṫᬺ⠪߿ખ⾈ᬺ⠪╬߇ߘࠇߙࠇߩ┙႐ߢណ▚ᕈࠍ್ᢿߒߟߟ㧘࿤ၞ⸳ቯࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚E 㓸⩄Ბ㓏ߢߩ㝼⒳Ფߩࡠ࠶࠻⏕଻ߩⷞὐ 㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍ⸳ቯߒߚᏒ႐⛔วߩᄢ߈ߥലᨐߣߒߡᶖ⾌࿾Ꮢ႐ߦኻᔕߒߚࡠ࠶࠻ߩ⏕଻߇޽ࠅ㧘ߎߩߚ߼๟ㄝṪ᷼߆ࠄߩ៝ㅍߩ౞Ṗൻ߇㊀ⷐߣߥࠆ㧚ࠃߞߡ㧘㓸಴⩄࿤ၞࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆ㓙ߦߪ㧘ᶖ⾌࿾Ꮢ႐ߢ᳞߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㔛ⷐ㊂ࠍ⠨ᘦߩ਄㧘㓸⩄ߩߚ߼ߩ៝ㅍࠦࠬ࠻߇਄᣹ߒߔ߉ߥ޿ࠃ߁⇐ᗧߒߟߟ㧘࿤ၞ⸳ቯࠍⴕ߁ᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚F ᣢሽࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߩᵴ↪น⢻ᕈߩⷞὐ ᵹㅢ᜚ὐߣߥࠆṪ᷼ߦోߡߩᯏ⢻ࠍ㓸ਛߔࠆߎߣ߇ല₸⊛ߢ޽ࠆ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘ขᛒ㊂߇Ⴧ߃ߡߊࠆߣ㧘ᄢⷙᮨߥᣉ⸳ߩჇ⸳╬߇ᔅⷐߣߥࠆ㧚ߎߩߚ߼㧘ᵹㅢ᜚ὐṪ᷼ߩᣉ⸳ⷙᮨߦᔕߓߚ࿤ၞ▸࿐ߣߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ߇㧘ᄙߊߩṪ᷼ߪᣢߦ޽ࠆ⒟ᐲߩࠬ࠻࠶ࠢࠍ᦭ߒߡ޿ࠆߚ߼㧘ᔅⷐߦᔕߓⶄᢙṪ᷼ߢᓎഀಽᜂࠍ࿑ࠆߎߣߥߤߩኻᔕࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚Ყセኻ⽎࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ㧔ኻ⽎࿾ၞߩṪ᷼㈩⟎‫ޔ‬੤ㅢ✂╬ࠍ⠨ᘦ㧕 ᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯߣലᨐᬌ⸽ᚻᴺ‫ޣ‬࿤ၞ⸳ቯ‫ޤ‬ާଏ⛎⠪ଢ⋉ߩⷞὐި᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߦ߅ߌࠆ㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ߆ࠄലᨐᬌ⸽߹ߢߩࡈࡠ࡯ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯߦ㓙ߒߡߪ㧘  C 㨪E ߩⷞὐࠍ〯߹ଢ⋉Ꮻ⌕᭴ᚑ⴫ߦࠃࠆᦨㆡ࿤ၞߩᬌ⸛ⷞὐ㧝㧦⇣ߥࠆᶖ⾌࿾ߩ┹ࠅᤨ㑆ߦኻᔕߒߚ↥࿾૞ᬺᤨ㑆⏕଻ߩⷞὐⷞὐ㧞㧦㓸⩄Ბ㓏ߢߩ㝼⒳Ფߩ㞲ᐲ⏕଻ߩⷞὐⷞὐ㧟㧦㓸⩄Ბ㓏ߢߩ㝼⒳Ფߩࡠ࠶࠻⏕଻ߩⷞὐ߃㧘᳓↥‛ߩ↢↥࡮㓸಴⩄╬ߩ᳓↥‛ଏ⛎ߦ઻ߞߡ⊒↢ߔᦨㆡ࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯࠆṪᬺ⠪߿ખ⾈ᬺ⠪╬ߩ୘‫ߩޘ‬ଢ⋉㧔㧗⴫␜㧕ߣࠦࠬ࠻㧔㧙⴫␜㧕ࠍᢛℂߒߚଢ⋉Ꮻ⌕᭴ᚑ⴫ࠍ↪޿ߡᦨㆡ࿤ၞࠍ⹏ଔߔࠆ㧚ߎߩᓟ㧘࿤ၞౝߦ߅޿ߡⶄᢙߩᵹㅢᒻᘒ㧔ᵴ㝼࡮㞲㝼࡮ടᎿ╬㧕߇޽ࠆ႐วߥߤᏒ႐߇ⶄᢙ⸳ቯߐࠇࠆ႐วߪ㧘  F ࠍ〯߹߃ߡኻ⽎࿤ၞౝߩ᳓↥ᵹㅢࠬ࠻࠶ࠢ㧔Ṫ᷼㧘ጯო㧘⩄᝕ᚲ╬㧕߿⢛ᓟ࿾ࠬ࠻࠶ࠢ㧔ടᎿ႐ߩ㓸Ⓧ㧘੤ㅢ೑ଢᕈ╬㧕ߥߤ㧘ᣢሽࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߩᵴ↪น⢻ᕈࠍᬌ⸛ߩ਄㧘⚻ᷣലᨐ߇㜞ߊߥࠆࠃ߁ᵹㅢ᜚ὐṪ᷼ߩ⸳ቯࠍⴕ߁㧚ߎࠇࠄߩലᨐᬌ⸽ߦ޽ߚߞߡߪ㧘  ߢ␜ߒߚ↥ᬺㅪ㑐ಽᨆᚻᴺࠍ↪޿ߡ㧘⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐࠍផ⸘ߔࠆߎߣߣߔࠆ㧚ᵹㅢ᜚ὐṪ᷼ߩ⸳ቯⷞὐ㧠㧦ᣢሽࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߩᵴ↪น⢻ᕈߩⷞὐ࿤ၞౝߩ᳓↥㑐ଥ⠪ߦࠃࠆද⼏ળߩ⸳⟎࡮ ࿤ၞౝߩ᳓↥ᝄ⥝ᣇ╷ߩᬌ⸛࡮ ᳓↥ၮ⋚ᣉ⸳ߩᢛ஻ౝኈߩᬌ⸛࡮ឭ᩺࡮ ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ᣇ㊎ߩㆡวᕈߩᬌ⸛‫ޣ‬ᣉ╷ᬌ⸛‫ޤ‬ᢛ஻ߩታᣉާ࿾ၞ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ଢ⋉ߩⷞὐި࿤ၞ⷗⋥ߒߦ઻߁ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ⸳ቯ‫ޣ‬ലᨐಽᨆ‫ޤ‬࿤ၞ⷗⋥ߒߦ઻߁ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝ⸳ቯ࿤ၞౝขᛒ㊂ߩᄌൻ࿤ၞᄖขᛒ㊂ߩᄌൻખ⾈ჇടߦࠃࠆᏒ႐ଔᩰߩᄌൻ಴⩄వ᜛ᄢߦࠃࠆᵹㅢ㑐ㅪ↥ᬺߩᵴ⊒ൻ⋥⽼╬ࠍㅢߓߚᣂߚߥ↥ᬺߩഃ಴಴⩄వ᜛ᄢߦࠃࠆᶖ⾌࿾⚻ᷣߩᵴᕈൻ࿤ၞߩ↥ᬺㅪ㑐⴫૞ᚑ࿤ၞౝߩ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐ▚ቯ㧔㧳㧰㧼‫ޔ‬༡ᬺ૛೾‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ᚲᓧჇട㗵╬㧕࿤ၞᄖߩ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐ▚ቯ㧔㧳㧰㧼‫ޔ‬༡ᬺ૛೾‫ޔ‬㓹↪⠪ᚲᓧჇട㗵╬㧕࿑ ᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߦ߅ߌࠆ㓸಴⩄࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ߆ࠄലᨐᬌ⸽߹ߢߩࡈࡠ࡯13ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ

 ੐଀⺞ᩏ㧔ጊญ⋵㐳㐷࿾඙㧕 Ყセኻ⽎࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯ੐଀⺞ᩏࠍጊญ⋵⪤࿾඙ߦ㓞ធߔࠆ㐳㐷࿾඙ߦ߅޿ߡⴕߞߚ㧚ᒰ࿾඙ߪ㧘  D ߦ␜ߔ⠨߃ᣇߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘࿤ၞࠍ  ߟߩዊ࿤ၞߣߒߡ⸳ቯߔߴ߈ߣߐࠇߡ߈ߚ࿾඙ߢ޽ࠅ㧘㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ߩ⠨߃ᣇߦ߅޿ߡ߽ห᭽ߦߔߴ߈߆㧘߹ߚߪ  ߟߩਛ࿤ၞߣߒߡ⸳ቯߒ⋥ߔߴ߈߆ߦߟ޿ߡᲧセᬌ⸛ࠍⴕߞߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚⸳ቯߒߚ࿤ၞ࿑ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚 ଢ⋉Ꮻ⌕᭴ᚑ⴫ࠍ↪޿ߚᦨㆡ࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯᦨㆡ࿤ၞߩ⸳ቯߩὑߩฦ⒳ᜰᮡ୯ߩ⸳ቯᣇᴺߣᜰᮡ୯ࠍએਅߦ␜ߔ㧚C ᳓឴㜞ߩ▚ቯਛ࿤ၞߦ߅ߌࠆ㝼⒳߿ખ⾈⚵❱࡮ࡠ࠶࠻ᢙ߇⪤࿾඙ߣ߶߷ห৻ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘⪤࿾඙ߢߩ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ലᨐߩ߁ߜ㧘ขᒁଔᩰߩ਄᣹ࠍ㐳㐷࿾඙ߦㆡ↪ߔࠆߎߣߣߒߡ᳓឴㜞ࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ㧔⴫㧕㧚 ਛ࿤ၞߦᲧߴᏒ႐ߦ㓸߹ࠆࡠ࠶࠻ᢙ߇ዋߥߊߥࠆዊ࿤ၞߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘᳓឴㊂ߣଔᩰ਄᣹₸ߩ㑐ଥߪ⋥✢࿁Ꮻߦࠃࠆផ⸘⚿ᨐࠃࠅ⸳ቯߒߚ㧚 ߥ߅㧘᳓឴㜞▚ቯߦᔅⷐߣߥࠆขᛒ㊂ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᐢፉ࡮ർ਻Ꮊะߌߩ႐ว㧘ඦ೨  ᤨߦ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ࠍ⸳ቯߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ᠲᬺน⢻ᤨ㑆ࠍ⺞ᢛߒ⧯ᐓ㊂ߩᷫዋࠍ⷗ㄟࠎߢ⸳ቯߒߚ㧚D 㒽ㅍ⾌ߣ㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌ 㒽ㅍ⾌ߣߒߡߪ㧘ฦṪ᷼߆ࠄ᜚ὐᏒ႐߹ߢߩΆᴤઍ㧘㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌ߣߒߡߪ᜚ὐᏒ႐߹ߢㆇ៝ߔࠆ߹ߢߦ᳓↥‛ߩ㞲ᐲࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆὑߩ㧘⊒ᵃࠬ࠴ࡠ࡯࡞ߦࠃࠆᪿ൮ઍߣᔅⷐߣߥࠆ᳖ઍࠍ⸘▚ߒߚ㧚ߥ߅㧘㝼⒳ߦࠃߞߡᪿ
൮ઍ㧘᳖ઍ߇⇣ߥࠆߎߣߦ⇐ᗧߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ㧘㐳㐷࿾඙ߢߪ㞲ᐲૐਅ߇ᢅᗵߥࠗࠞߦߟ޿ߡߪઁߩ㝼⒳ࠃࠅ
߽㜞޿㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌ࠍ⸳ቯߒߚ㧚E ଢ⋉Ꮻ⌕᭴ᚑ⴫ߦࠃࠆᦨㆡ࿤ၞߩᬌ⸛ฦ࿤ၞ⸳ቯߦ߅ߌࠆᬌ⸛⚿ᨐࠍ⴫ ߦᢛℂߒߚ⚿ᨐ㧘ដᷗዊ࿤ၞߣ઄ፒዊ࿤ၞߩว⸘୯ࠍ⴫ߒߚ‫ޟ‬઄ፒ࡮ដᷗዊ࿤ၞߩว⸘‫߇ޠ‬㧘ో૕ߩ⚐ଢ⋉ߢ  ⊖ਁ౞ߢ޽ࠆߩߦኻߒ㧘‫ޟ‬઄ፒਛ࿤ၞ‫ోߩޠ‬૕ߩ⚐ଢ⋉ߪ  ⊖ਁ౞ߣߥࠅ㧘ャㅍ⾌߿㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌╬ߩ⽶ᜂࠍ⠨ᘦߒߡ߽ਛ࿤ၞ߳ߩ㓸⚂ൻߩࡔ࡝࠶࠻߇ᄢ߈޿ߎߣ߇ℂ⸃ߢ߈ߚ㧚ߎߎߢ㧘ដᷗዊ࿤ၞߪో૕ߣߒߡߪࡊ࡜ࠬߩലᨐߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘Ṫᬺ⠪ߩᰣߢࡑࠗ࠽ࠬߣߥࠆߚ߼㧘ታ⃻ᕈߦᰳߌࠆ࿤ၞ⸳ቯߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪᵈ⋡ߒߡ߅ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚એ਄ࠃࠅ㧘㐳㐷࿾඙ߢߪਛ࿤ၞߦ⷗⋥ߔߎߣ߇ᅷᒰߣ್ᢿߐࠇߚ㧚⴫㧔㧕࿤ၞ⸳ቯߏߣߩଢ⋉Ꮻ⌕᭴ᚑ⴫=ዊ࿤ၞ?

⴫㧔㧕 ࿤ၞ⸳ቯߏߣߩଢ⋉Ꮻ⌕᭴ᚑ⴫=ਛ࿤ၞ?

Ṫᬺ⠪ખ⾈ㆇㅍㇱ㐷ખ⾈⵾ㅧㇱ㐷⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞᳓឴㜞㒽ㅍ⾌⊖ਁ౞㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌⊖ਁ౞ว⸘⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞Ṫᬺ⠪ખ⾈ㆇㅍㇱ㐷ખ⾈⵾ㅧㇱ㐷ว⸘⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞ว⸘˅ Ƥǜ߃ ƟƖੑฅǈฬ ƳƱ⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞࿑ ᬌ⸛ߒߚ㓸಴⩄࿤ၞ14‫ ݱ‬Ɯơ޽Ǉ⊖ਁ౞ƷƹƤ᣼ඬແƔƚƿƪ˙ ƍƕɥǈᡫ⊖ਁ౞඾ ƭƓ᰾Əʁ ƘƹҾǒ⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞ʁƘ‫ ٻ‬඾ƮිƓƓƏǒƨƯƍƠ⊖ਁ౞˅߃‫؏חݱ‬᰾ƖඬǘৎƲ⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞Ṫᬺ⠪ખ⾈⵾ㅧㇱ㐷⊖ਁ౞ƔǑƍᇌჽ⊖ਁ౞˅߃ɶ‫؏ח‬ખ⾈ㆇㅍㇱ㐷⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞ੑฅ‫؏חݱ‬߷ Ɣǘ‫ ހ‬ơǓ⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞ว⸘⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞ખ⾈⵾ㅧㇱ㐷⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞ખ⾈ㆇㅍㇱ㐷Ṫᬺ⠪⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞⊖ਁ౞઄ፒਛ࿤ၞว⸘ ដᷗዊ࿤ၞ᳓឴㜞㒽ㅍ⾌㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌ว⸘ ઄ፒዊ࿤ၞ᳓឴㜞㒽ㅍ⾌㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌ว⸘ ઄ፒ࡮ដᷗዊ࿤ၞ ߩว⸘᳓឴㜞㒽ㅍ⾌㞲ᐲ଻ᜬ⾌ว⸘ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ ᵹㅢ᜚ὐṪ᷼ߩ⸳ቯ ᣢሽࠬ࠻࠶ࠢߩⷞὐ ઄ፒਛ࿤ၞߢߪ㧘ᣢሽࠬ࠻࠶ࠢ㊂߆ࠄ್ᢿߔࠆߣߎࠇ߹ߢਥߦ㞲㝼ࠍᛒߞߡ߈ߚ઄ፒṪ᷼㧔Ꮢ႐㧕߇ਛᔃߣߥࠆ߽ߩߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ㄭ㓞ߦߪ⢛ᓟߦᄙߊߩടᎿᣉ⸳߇⸳⟎ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆḊṪ᷼߇޽ࠆ㧚ߘߎߢ㧘ᣢሽࠬ࠻࠶ࠢᵴ↪ߩⷞὐߦၮߠ߈㧘ోߡߩ㝼⒳ࠍ઄ፒṪ᷼ߦ৻ర㓸⩄ߔࠆ႐วߣ㧘ടᎿᏒ႐ߣߒߡߩᯏ⢻ࠍᜬߟḊṪ᷼ࠍടᎿᵹㅢ᜚ὐߣߒߡಽᢔ㓸⩄ߔࠆ႐วߦߟ޿ߡಽᨆߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘㞲㝼ᵹㅢߣടᎿ㝼ᵹㅢߢߪ㧘૞ᬺᒻᘒ߇⇣ߥࠆߚ߼㧘೎‫ߦޘ‬ጯო࡮⩄᝕߈ᚲࠍ⏕଻ߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚߹ߚᶖ⾌࿾ߪห৻࿾඙ࠍᗐቯߔࠆߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘಴⩄ᤨ㑆ߪหᤨೞߣߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ߎࠇࠄࠍ〯߹߃㧘ోߡߩ㝼⒳ࠍ৻Ṫ᷼ߢขࠅᛒ߁႐ว㧘⋧ᒰ㊂ߩ૞ᬺ㕙Ⓧߩ⏕଻߇᳞߼ࠄࠇ㧘ߎࠇࠍㆱߌࠆߦߪ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ࠍߕࠄߔᔅⷐ߇↢ߓߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒ㧘઄ፒṪ᷼ߦ  ᜚ὐൻߒ㧘߆ߟ࠮࡝ᤨ㑆ࠍߕࠄߔ႐วߩ⹜▚ࠍⴕߞߚߣߎࠈ㧘᫔ฃ✂Ṫᬺߩᠲᬺᤨ㑆ߦ೙⚂߇↢ߓ㧘⚿ᨐ  ⊖ਁ౞ߩ៊ᄬ߇⊒↢ߔࠆߎߣߣߥߞߚ㧚ࠃߞߡ㧘㐳㐷࿾඙ߦ߅޿ߡߪ઄ፒ㧝Ṫ᷼ࠍᵹㅢ᜚ὐߣߔࠆࠃࠅ߽઄ፒṪ᷼ࠍ㞲㝼ߩᵹㅢ᜚ὐ㧘ḊṪ᷼ࠍടᎿߩᵹㅢ᜚ὐߣߒߡᓎഀಽᜂߐߖࠆߎߣ߇ലᨐ⊛ߢ޽ࠆߣߩ⚿⺰ߦ⥋ߞߚ㧚 ࿾ၞ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐߩ⹜▚એ਄ߩᬌ⸛ߦࠃࠅ⸳ቯߒߚ᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞ㧔ਛ࿤ၞ㧕ਗ߮ߦᵹㅢ᜚ὐṪ᷼㧔㞲㝼ࠍ઄ፒṪ᷼㧘ടᎿࠍḊṪ᷼㧕ߦࠃࠅ᳓↥‛ᵹㅢ߇࿑ࠄࠇߚ႐วߩ࿾ၞ⚻ᷣᵄ෸ലᨐߦߟ޿ߡ⹜▚ࠍⴕߞߚ㧚C ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝߩౝኈߣ⋥ធലᨐ⹜▚⚿ᨐߎࠇ߹ߢߩ⹜▚⚿ᨐ෸߮᳓↥㑐ଥ⠪߳ߩࡅࠕ࡝ࡦࠣ⚿ᨐࠍ߽ߣߦ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻߇ታᣉߐࠇߚ႐วߩࠪ࠽࡝ࠝࠍᢛℂߒ  㧘⋥ធലᨐ㗵ࠍ⹜▚ߒߚ㧔⴫㧕㧚D ࿤ၞౝ߳ߩᵄ෸ലᨐ⹜▚⚿ᨐᓧࠄࠇߚ⋥ធലᨐ߆ࠄ㧘࿤ၞౝ෸߮࿾ၞ㑆↥ᬺㅪ㑐⴫ࠍ↪޿ߡ৻ᰴ࡮ੑᰴᵄ෸ലᨐ࡮㧳㧰㧼Ⴧട㗵╬ࠍ▚಴ߒߚ㧚ߘߩ⚿ᨐ㧘࿑ ߩࠃ߁ߥขᛒ㊂ߩჇട㧘⽼〝ߩ᜛ᄢലᨐࠍㅢߓߡ㧘㧳㧰㧼ߣߒߡ㐳㐷࿾඙ߦߪ  ⊖ਁ౞㧛ᐕߩჇട߇ᦼᓙߐࠇࠆ⚿ᨐߣߥߞߚ㧚⴫ ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝߣ⋥ធലᨐ㗵ࠪ࠽࡝ࠝౝ‫ޓޓ‬ኈ᳓↥‛ߩ㓸⚂ൻߣ⽼〝᜛ᄢߦࠃࠆ↥࿾ଔᩰ ߩ㜞୯⛽ᜬ߹߈✂㧦୚ߩଔᩰ਄᣹ Ꮢ႐⛔ว೨⊖ਁ౞‫ޓޓޓ‬ψᏒ႐⛔วᓟ⊖ਁ౞ ࠗࠞ㊒ࠅ㧦୚ߩଔᩰ਄᣹Ꮢ႐⛔ว೨⊖ਁ౞ ‫ޓޓޓ‬ψᏒ႐⛔วᓟ⊖ਁ౞ߘߩઁṪᬺ㧦୚ߩଔᩰ਄᣹ Ꮢ႐⛔ว೨⊖ਁ౞‫ޓޓޓ‬ψᏒ႐⛔วᓟ⊖ਁ౞ ᳓↥‛ߩ㓸⚂ൻࠍᄾᯏߣߒߡ઄ፒᏒ႐ߩᢝ࿾ౝߦ࿾రะߌߩ⋥ᄁᚲߩᣂ⸳߇⸘↹ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬㧔࿾ర㓹↪╬ߩലᨐ㧕ጊญ⋵㐳㐷࿤ၞ⊖ਁ౞Ј⊖ਁ౞⋥ធലᨐ㗵↢↥㗵Ⴧಽ‫ਁ⊖ޓ‬౞↢↥㗵Ⴧಽ‫ਁ⊖ޓ‬౞ጊญ⋵ౝЈਛ࿖࿾ᣇЈ㐳㐷ᏒౝЈߘߩઁЈ㚂ㇺ࿤Ј㑐⷏࿤Ј↢↥㗵Ⴧಽ‫ਁ⊖ޓ‬౞࿾ర⋥ᄁ‫ਁ⊖ޓ‬౞ ว‫⸘ޓ‬਻ᎺЈ䋨ᢛ஻೨㹢ᢛ஻ᓟ䋩⊖ਁ౞࿑ ขᛒ㗵ߣᵹㅢ▸࿐ߩᄌൻ㧔઄ፒᏒ႐㧕㧠㧚ᚑᨐߩᵴ↪᳓↥ၮ⋚ߪ㧘Ṫ₪ψ㒽឴ψ㓸⩄ψ಴⩄ψᵹㅢψ⽼ᄁߦ⥋ࠆ৻ㅪߩㆊ⒟ࠍࠨࡊ࡜ࠗ࠴ࠚ࡯ࡦߣᝪ߃ࠆਛߢ㧘ᶖ⾌⠪࠾࡯࠭ߦᔕ߃ࠄࠇࠆ㓸಴⩄૕೙᭴▽ߩၮ⋚ߣߒߡߩᓎഀ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᧄ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘ߎ߁ߒߚᓎഀࠍ〯߹߃㧘੹ᓟߩ᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߩ޽ࠅᣇߣߒߡ᳓↥‛㓸಴⩄࿤ၞ⸳ቯߦࠃࠆ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ߩ⠨߃ᣇࠍ␜ߒߚ㧚዁᧪ߦࠊߚߞߡ᳓↥‛ࠍో࿖ฦ࿾ߦ቟ቯߒߡଏ⛎ߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼㧘ߐࠄߦߪ㞲ᐲ╬ߩຠ⾰⏕଻ࠍߎࠇ߹ߢએ਄ߦᔀᐩߒߡ޿ߊߚ߼ߦߪ㧘ᵹㅢ᭴ㅧ⥄૕ࠍ⷗⋥ߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ㧘᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߪ㧘ᵹㅢ᭴ㅧᡷ㕟ࠍㅴ߼ࠆ਄ߢ㊀ⷐ߆ߟవዉ⊛ߥᓎഀࠍᨐߚߒߡ޿ߊᔅⷐ߇޽ࠆ㧚ᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘ᶏᵗ㐿⊒⺰ᢥ㓸81. ߳ߩᛩⓂ⺰ᢥࠍട╩㧘ୃᱜߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚15ᣂߚߥṪ᷼ᣉ⸳ߩ޽ࠅᣇߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ

=ᮮጊ⚐ਛᴰ᣽శฎደ᷷⟤㐳㊁┨ᓟ⮮ථᴦᮮጊ⌀๋Ṫ᷼╬ߩ᳓↥ၮ⋚ߩ㊀ὐൻᢛ஻ᚻᴺߣߘߩ⹏ଔߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥᶏᵗ㐿⊒⺰ᢥ㓸 81.R?

ෳ⠨ᢥ₂㧕ᮮጊ⚐ਛᴰ᣽శ㤥ᴛ㚌ฎደ᷷⟤㐳㊁┨㧦↥ᬺㅪ㑐⴫ߦࠃࠆ᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ߩᵄ෸ലᨐಽᨆ㧚Ⅳᄥᐔᵗ↥ᬺㅪ㑐ಽᨆቇળ╙ ࿁ᄢળ㧘R㧘㧕⽷࿅ᴺੱṪ᷼Ṫ႐Ṫ᧛ᛛⴚ⎇ⓥᚲ㧦᳓↥ၮ⋚ᢛ஻ᵄ෸ലᨐಽᨆᚻᴺ㩀㩨㨼㩎㩨㩖㩨㨹㩂᷼Ṫ᧛ߩ↥ᬺㅪ㑐ಽᨆ㩍㩁㩇㩎㧕ᥳቯ 㧘㧚16