GX Infrastructurewith Digital x Energy
for Carbon Neutral
by EP-100(*) EP: Energy Productivity

Hiroshi Esaki, Ph.D.,
Professor, The University of Tokyo
Director, WIDE ProjectVice President, Japan Data Center Council (JDCC)
Director, Green Univ. of Tokyo (GUTP).

Overcoming pollution in Kitakyushu City
(論語と算盤: economy and ethics)①damage to life
= Public interest,
not private②➹EP=Private interestby reduce➷wastes
with new technologies③To new industry= Private interest✙ ➹ tax revenue(= Public interest)
Good ESG Scope 3【資料：小宮山 宏 先生】

Overcoming pollution in Kitakyushu City
(論語と算盤: economy and ethics)①damage to life
= Public interest,
not private②➹EP=Private interestby reduce➷wastes
with new technologies

TO BE③To new industry= Private interest✙ ➹ tax revenue(= Public interest)
Good ESG Scope 3【資料：小宮山 宏 先生】

AS IS【Message 1/2】
Carbon NeutralbyEP-100 (=50%)
xRE-50(not 100%, but 50%)

In 2022
Others 26%

China 32%

Germany 2%

USA 14%

Japan 3%China

USAIndia

RussiaIndia 7%

Russia 5%Japan

Germany

Korea

Indonesia

CanadaBrazilAustralia

MexociUK

Italy

FranceOthers

KoreaJapanUSA

India

FranceChina

Australia

Italy

IrelandSpain

UK

Germany

Chili

PortgalCanadaSwedenDemmark

BrazilRenewal Energy Ratio in 2022

10080

6040200Renewal Energy Ratio in 2022
100

Germany, UK, Spain, Ireland

80

Now

Target4010050 (Reduce 50%)204050 (Plus only 25% )60

EP(Energy Productivity)
RE(Renewal Energy)

Korea

Japan

USA

India

FranceChina

Australia

Italy

IrelandSpain

UK

Germany

Chili

PortgalCanadaSwedenDemmark

Brazil0Renewal Energy Ratio in 2022
100

India, USA, Japan

80

Now

Target4010050 (Reduce 50%)202050 (Plus 150% )60

EP(Energy Productivity)
RE(Renewal Energy)

Korea

JapanUSA

India

FranceChina

Australia

Italy

Ireland

SpainUK

Germany

Chili

PortgalCanadaSwedenDemmark

Brazil0Techniques for reducing
energy consumptionin each business segment

Techniques for reducing energy consumptionin each business segment
1. Reduce the number of {physical} things newly
required when we build a system

2. Reduce the amount of required energy duringsystem operation (AS IS)
3. Reduce costs required for system construction
and operation (TO BE)Techniques for reducing energy consumptionin each business segment
1. Reduce the number of {physical} things newly required
when we build a system
a. Replacing “things newly needed” with “things
manufactured in the past” by applying

reusing/recycling/circular economy

b. Reduce “things newly needed” by sharing economy
2. Reduce the amount of required energy during system
operation (AS IS)
3. Reduce costs required for system construction andoperation (TO BE)(1) Reusing/recycling/circular economy
Practical examples:i. Reuse of used EV battery andcomputing capacity
ii. Scrap & Build to Skelton & Infillin Buildings

i. Reuse of used EV battery at Amsterdam stadium◼{Electric} Power distribution base
Capacity of EV’s used battery packs✓3MWh only with 148 EVs✓100KW in peak per EV✓20KW in average per EV

1. Normal situation;

Power DR (Demand Response)

2. Emergency case;
Local self power supply

Energy x Digital

EV as new component【Operating rate】• Private: 4～5%• Commercial : 24％

1. Battery
2. Computation
3. Mobility

①Battery x ②Computation x ③Mobility
50,000 powertransmission
towersCommunication network

Power gridHub

EV mobile battery
network

DCHubPowerstation

Mobile battery

600 million
Utility poles

Grid operator

GW

Service providor

17（出所）岡本(2021)「GRIDで理解する電力システム」、電気新聞出版

①Battery x ②Computation x ③Mobility
50,000 powertransmission
towers(Ave.), {100kW(Peak)},◆ Nissan EV：30kWPower grid

1.

100kWhCommunication network

DCHub6Hub
10 (1 millions)：30GW(Ave.), 100 GWh(Peak)

EV mobile battery
Power power
Mobilebattery➢Pumpedstoragein
TEPCO (=9GWh) x 10network
station➢ 黒部ダム(=335MW)
x 10
600 million
Utility poles

Grid operator

2. 100 EVs ： 3MW(Ave.), {30MW(Peak}➢➢GW
Eng.No.2 Bldg (12F)： 700kW(≒35ServiceEVs)providor
Hongo Campus(No.2 in Tokyo)：30MW (≒1 k EVs)
18（出所）岡本(2021)「GRIDで理解する電力システム」、電気新聞出版

①Battery x ②Computation x ③Mobility
50,000 powertransmission(by AMD@CES2023)
FLOPS
towersCommunication network
Powerhttps://car.watch.impress.co.jp/docs/news/1469629.html
gridDC
HubHub◆ Tesla： 10 T

13(10 )

18

◆ 富岳(No.3 Super Computer)： 1,000 PFLOPS (10 )EV mobile battery
Power➢3T
FLOPS/nodenetwork
stationMobile battery5)➢ 158,976600
nodes(1.5x10million

https://www.fujitsu.com/jp/about/businesspolicy/tech/fugaku/specifications/
Grid operator
Utility poles

GW

Service providor

5100k(=10 ) Tesla ≒ 富岳(No.3 Super Computer)19（出所）岡本(2021)「GRIDで理解する電力システム」、電気新聞出版

ii. Scrap & Build to Skelton & Infill in Buildings
by Prof. Nicolaas John Habraken of MIT in the 1960s.

◼① No need to dismantle and rebuild theframe, ② waste (including industrialwaste) can be reduced, and resourcesand energy required for ③ rebuilding canbe reduced✓Condominium in China✓Rapid functioning in East Germany aftercold war◼Sharing hardware◼Owner’s exclusive (not sharing) asset
among multiple generations◼Sharing assets by tenants among samegeneration◼Digital Twin in Hardware and Software

Fig.8 Skelton & Infill (as Hardware)Techniques for reducing energy consumptionin each business segment
1. Reduce the number of {physical} things newly
required when we build a system
2. Reduce the amount of required energy duringsystem operation (AS IS)➢ Cloud by Default➢ Application and diffusion of digital twins
3. Reduce costs required for system construction
and operation (TO BE)

Carbon Neutral by EP-x00 (Energy Productivity)

Of IT

By ITAS IS⚫ Virtual Machine⚫ Huge Memory &Processor

Digital Twin(CPS; Cyber Physical System)TO BEElectron➔ Photon➔ Quantum

Cyber FirstwithLoD

“Cloud-by-Default”for multiple pay off(June 2018 by Japanese gov.)

1. De-Silo-ing: Silo-structure of ministries and agencies should
be interconnected as a shared infrastructure to deliver
innovative use of data, while collapsing walls among them.
2. Leave infrastructure cybersecurity operation to experts.
Also reduces & improve fixed costs for personnel in charge of onpremises facilities.

3. Reduce & improve CAPEX and OPEX, {incld labor costs,}.
Hardware, software, people: from ownership (BS) to usage (PL)

4. Expand BCP against natural disasters and cyber attacks.
5. Achieve energy savings for contribution to global warming.

Tremendous earth quake on March 11, 2011
【Moving branch offices went to a HQ】① Any server moves to Data Center② Full online business operation【Right after earth quake...】① Business continuation only with
few % of employees in HQ office② Work at home = Safety for employees【After earth quake】
Smart HQ office of① Referenced recommended office for all
Microsoft Japan in Tokyo
Microsoft offices② Supporting handicapped employeesTremendous earth quake on March 11, 2011
①Life time cost reduction withcomfortable working environment
by no noisy, hot and big eating servers !!
1. Initial move-in
2. During occupancy
3. Exit and return to status quo②Cyber security improvement (=BCP)
1. Intellectual property on the computers
2. Information leaking
Smart HQ office of③Energy saving (=CSR)
Microsoft Japan in Tokyo
1. Digital Twin + Cloud computing
2. Big eating computers go to DC

Carbon Neutral by EP-x00 (Energy Productivity)

Of IT

By ITAS IS⚫ Virtual Machine⚫ Huge Memory &Processor

Digital Twin(CPS; Cyber Physical System)

TO BEElectron➔ Photon➔ Quantum

Cyber FirstwithLoD

Independency
IEEE1888 System Architecturefrom GW,
hardware
Storage, APP Binding
User Interface(Management Plane)
Reportingfor applications
Data Analysis
DataCommandCentricfor
Submission
By IoF

Transparency for
Who & How use
Data Archive
Rendezvous Point
for GWs, APPs

TCP/IP Network

HTTP and XML
Virtualization of
Input/Output

Integration andInteroperability with LoD
via Proprietary
GW forlegacysystems
Circuits
CSV Files, …

27

The University of Tokyo in Summer of 2011
Hacking building/campus facilities with IP
Peak(2011)

Total (2011)

RoI66 MW69%(△31% )

75%-78%(22%-25% )less than
1 month1 MW

56%(△44% )

69%(△31% )2 years

Peak(2010)
Major 5
campusesEng. No2
Bldg.

【Contributions】
1. Multi-Vender for sustainability by TCP/IP
2. Global standard for interoperability

The University of Tokyo in Summer of 2011
Hacking building/campus facilities with IP

1]
Peak
Peak [Fact/LessonTotal (2011)(2010)(2011){almost} Only by visualization

RoI

Major 5
campuses

69%75%-78%
66(aka.,MW by Digital Twin)(△31% )
(22%-25% )less than
1 monthEng. No2
Bldg.

69%
56%
125%
MW reduction in total(△44% )(△31% )

2 years【Contributions】
EP-50
1. Multi-Vender forsustainability by TCP/IP
2. Global standard for interoperability

The University of Tokyo in Summer of 2011
Hacking building/campus facilities with IP
PeakTotal(2011)[Fact/Lesson2](2010)(2011)
PeakRoI

69%
75%-78%less than66 MW-- Important
rule-1 month(△31% )
(22%-25% )Capacity of power network is determined
69%
56% demandEng. No2bypeakpower!!
1MW2years
Bldg.
(△44%) time(△31%) to theReduction of demandat peak
contribute
reduction of【Contributions】
the cost for capacity of power supply network.
1. Multi-Vender for sustainability by TCP/IP
2. Global standard for interoperability

Major 5
campusesTechniques for reducing energy consumptionin each business segment
1. Reduce the number of {physical} things newly
required when we build a system
2. Reduce the amount of required energy duringsystem operation (AS IS)
3. Reduce costs for construction and operation(TO BE)
1.
2.

Things can be selected by unbundling things and things= IoF(Internet of Functions)
Strategic use of communication infrastructure"Movement of physical things>>Movement of energy (including power)>>Movement of digital bits (things and functions that are digitized)".
(*) More than two orders of magnitude smaller

Innovation in Logistics

2020s =Cyber-First Sharing Economy

19th century = exclusive separated system

20th century(1) Physical Sharing Economy

Container
Parrett(1956)

General printere.g., 3D printer

Late 20th century(2) Sharing Economy
in cyber space

Digital package(=IP Packet)

Innovation in Logistics

2020s =Cyber-First Sharing Economy

Object separatedtransfer/mobility
19th century = exclusivesystemover sharing platform !!
1. Physical object
2. Digitalobject
20th century(1) Physical Sharing Economy

General printere.g., 3D printerCost of object transfer/mobility？
Physical >> Digital
Late 20th century
Container
Parrett(1956)(2) Sharing Economy
in cyber space
Huge EP(Energy Productivity)

Digitalpackageimprovement!!!
(=IP Packet)

【Message 2/2】
Transfer cost ... ...
= Energy Productivity…

Material >> Electricity >> Digital bits
(Power)

x0000

:x00

(digital Function):1

～When we Think about the Earth～① Speed of light is not fast….
Inter-Continent: 200-300 msec.
Domestic:
30- 50 msec.
Intra-facility:
2- 3 msec.
② Mal-distribution of Renewal Energy
Far North/South Coldrural area
Carbon Negative

～When we Think about the Earth～① Speed of light is not fast….
Inter-Continent: 200-300 msec.
globalDomestic: 3 layered3050 msec.
Reconfigurable
Intra-facility:
2- 3 msec.
“Computing” Networks② Mal-distribution of Renewal Energy
Far North/South Coldrural area
Carbon Negative

Business case

BMW in Germany

After

BeforeGermany

Germany

Small latency&
Critical dataat {dark-side}DCIceland

SwedenAllowing large latency&Non-Critical data
at cheap and green DC

Transfer DCs to energy clean sites (Iceland & Sweden)✓100％ Renewal Energy (Hydro & Geothermal)✓There are a lot of non-real time processes
1. Gentle to Earth✓ by use of renewal energy (RE-100)✓ by use of cool air (EP-100)

2. Cost reduction (EP-x000)✓ Replacing power cable (copper) tocommunication cable (glass)Hokkaido

KyushuTokyoOsakaTo Japan

Kajanni

Helsinki
外部用
スパコン
1. 100% 水冷
2. 非常用自家発電機は無し(データバクアップは有り)
3. 場所・電力の拡張性 有り

政府
スパコン
1. 陸ファイバー ： 既存
2. C-Lion Subsea Cable➔ Amsterdam, London,Zurich, etc.,
3. atnorth(Helsinki) とも連携
(含 量子 IQM&VTT)
4. Microsoftが 3つのDCをHelsinkiに新設を発表(雪の意味)visited September 20(Wed), 2023
 電気代： 1/5 ～ 1/7 !!!
✓30 € MWh (5-7円/kWh) from PPA✓日本 35円/kWh✓Carbon “Negative” も発生 製紙工場の跡地を再利用✓ 工場の躯体をそのまま利用✓ 250MWの(既存)電力引き込み✓ 100% 再生可能エネルギー電力

 地域冷暖房システムへの 熱供給✓夏季も販売可能(病院や宿泊施設等)✓大きな 税制優遇(22 € ➔ 0.6 € /MWh)✓拡大予定 北極海ケーブル(FNF)は前提✓2027年 サービス開始の予定

We need “Global”
collaboration andcooperation

～When we Think about the Earth～① Speed of light is not fast….
Moon

1,000 msec.

Inter-Continent: 200-300 msec.
Domestic:
30- 50 msec.
LOE satellite

3- 30 msec.

Intra-facility:

2- 3 msec.

② Mal-distribution of Renewal Energy

Infrastructure of Beyond 5G
1. Global Internet infrastructure(a) Terrestrial(b) Non Terrestrial

2. Energy consumption(a) Radio AP and front hole(b) Data Center46

Financial cost ➷Warming gas emission ➷Railway,Road vs Air/Sea Port vs ｛n/a｝(train) (vehicle)(airplane) (ship)(drone)Optical fiber vs Cellular radio vs Satellite/WiFi
Synchronousvs Local grid

(Japan)(USA/EU)【Surface】【{fixed}Point】

vs Mobile(EV Power grid)【{mobile}Point】➷ Installation, maintenance, and modification costs＝➷ Global warming gas emission

Once again…

【Message 2/2】

Transfer cost ... ...
= Energy Productivity…

Material >> Electricity >> Digital bits
(Power)

x0000

:x00

(digital Function):

1

Infrastructure of Beyond 5G
1. Global Internet infrastructure(a) Terrestrial(b) Non Terrestrial

2. Energy consumption(a) Radio AP and front hole(b) Data Center with Power Grid49

Electrical Power shortage in spring and winter in Japan• ２０２２年再エネ出力制御は四国・中国・東北・北海道電力管内に拡大

Jan. to July in 2022２ 各地の出力制御回数
北海道
東北
中国

Large RE Area

四国
九州
01020304050

Large RE Area

【資料】 ビットメディア 代表取締役社長 高野 雅晴 氏
第４回イベント (2022年9月28日)「データセンターの地域エネルギー貢献」

50

Electrical Power shortage in spring and winter in Japan• ２０２２年再エネ出力制御は四国・中国・東北・北海道電力管内に拡大

Jan. to July in 2022２ 各地の出力制御回数
北海道
東北
中国

Large RE Area

四国
九州
01020304050

Large RE Area
Large Demand Area
【資料】 ビットメディア 代表取締役社長 高野 雅晴 氏
第４回イベント (2022年9月28日)「データセンターの地域エネルギー貢献」51

As a デジタル田園都市国家構想(Digital Garden City Initiative)

Electric Power

Information“Cost”》（出所）電力広域的運営推進機関：広域系統長期方針（広域連系系統のマスタープラン）（案）(2023.3) 52
北海道ニュートピアデータセンター研究会提言書：「北海道をデータセンターのパラダイスに」（2022.4)

Data Center in rural area can help !!!
DC RE Micro-Grid
Surplus
REWe need very
expensive
power transmission
infrastructure
Demands:

DC@ruralComputation

We transfer
computational
demands

ElectricComputation

SurplusRE

DC@rural

We transfer
valuableresults

Computation

DC RE Micro-Grid【資料】 ビットメディア 代表取締役社長 高野 雅晴 氏
第４回イベント (2022年9月28日)「データセンターの地域エネルギー貢献」

53https://highreso.jp/gpu/consulting

Practical implementation
Focusing on AI and Big Data Processing !!
1. Only for HPC/GPU service➔ not serious PKIs
① Latency② Service outage time
2. Cooperation with power gridcompany {@北陸}➔DR: Demand Response① ΔkW (=critical shortage)② kWH (＝Daily operation)

100

1
By Digital Twin

Carbon Neutral by EP-x00 (Energy Productivity)

Of IT

By ITAS IS⚫ Virtual Machine⚫ Huge Memory &Processor

Digital Twin

(CPS; Cyber Physical System)

TO BEElectron➔ Photon➔ Quantum

Cyber FirstwithLoD