On Computational Thinking
Roberto Araya
CIAE - IE
Universidad de Chileroberto.araya.schulz@gmail.com

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Computational thinking
What is computational thinking and how does it differ
from mathematical thinking?
• Ideas, concepts, and theorems are not enough• It is necessary to calculate and solve• This means algorithms:• elementary actions that a machine can executeMathematical reasoning

Three components of computational thinking• Algorithmic Thinking• Abacus,• Logic Quantifiers• Steepest descent• Use, Selection, Adaptation and Building (USAB) Computational Models• Chemotaxis• Forest Fire Propagation• Pandemia propagation• Machine Learning Thinking• Decision Tree Induction,• Linear equations and Neural Networks

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Programming languages• Assembly languages•••

1842–1849, Ada Lovelace
1947 Kathleen Booth1950 had largely been supplanted by higher-level languages• Programming languages
•
••
•
•

1954 Fortran1958 LISP
1967 Logo
1972 C1990 Python• Visual programming languages•••

1987 Macromedia Authorware (Adobe)1999 GameMaker
2002 Scratch• AI and automatic code generation••

Welsh, Computer Science, Havard University: “The End of Programming”
Jensen Huang, NVIDIA

1843
2023

Draw a star with pen

Stanford´s Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2024

According to Geoffrey Hinton, Turing Awardwinner, LLMs understand and do not justreproduce memorization• They do this because the first layers learn lowlevel characteristics, the following layers mix
them, and so on.
• In the case of images, they learn edges, theninteractions between edges, etc.
• In language they learn characteristics oflanguage, so many words that specifically go
together as hierarchical dependency structures.
• That generates true understanding.

Lecture at the Sheldonian Theatre,
Oxford University, 19 February 2024

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Dual cognition

Argumentation

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Textbooks and Tools• Sumerian tables (2000 BCE)
• Ibn Khaldun (1377)• children should first be taught calculation,• divides sciences into two categories,• The perfect way of conveying ideas is eloquence• The Treviso Arithmetic: Arte dell Abbaco (1478)• is the earliest known printed mathematics book in the West,• one of the first printed European textbooks dealing with a science.
• It is a practical book intended for self-study.
• Comenius Orbis Sensalium Pictus (1658)

Comenius' extraordinary andrevolutionary textbook, Orbis
Sensalium Pictus (1658), enables us
to see a cornucopia of meaning.
His method is iconic -- a method
rarely used by historians ofeducation -- and the result isuniquely illuminating.

The revolutionary bookspread quickly acrossEurope and became thedefining children's
textbook for centuries

According to Thompson's preface,
Orbis' fame and lasting usefulness isdue to its ingenious integration of 3
characteristics:• encyclopedism• bilingualism• visual imagery

Now, there is nothing in our understanding that has not passed
through our senses.
Exercising our senses in correct perception of differences
between things means laying the foundations for all wisdom, allwise discourse and all wise acts in life.
- Comenius

Orbis Sensualium Pictus was revolutionary
However, it focused in
Encyclopedic facts

No connecting ideas, algorithms, orcomputational thinking

Several natural (vernacular)
languages in parallel

No logical or mathematical languages

Passive reading

No active actions, no coloring, writing
explanations, posing problems

Isolated reader

No explicit social learning

Hierarchical teaching

No dialogic pedagogy

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

Computational thinking
Programming languages
Dual Cognition
Textbooks and tools
Coloring tasks

First-order logic

Universal and existential quantifiers

https://youtu.be/XvhuUz-j9EY

Are these 6 instructions really different?
Which ones are the same?
a) Choose a color and in each box paint at least 2 balls of that colorb) In each box choose a color and paint at least 2 balls of that colorc) In each box for at least 2 balls choose a color to paint themd) Choose a color and in at least 2 boxes paint each ball of that colore) In at least 2 boxes choose a color and paint each ball of that colorf) In at least 2 boxes for each ball choose a color to paint themSteepest descent algorithmAndrogens are hormones such as testosterone. They play an essential role in the development and maintenance ofmale characteristics by affecting tissues of the male reproductive system as well as organs like kidneys, themusculoskeletal system, and the brain.

Androgen receptors allow the body to respond appropriately to these hormones

Protein construct of the Androgen
Receptor DNA-binding domain (DBD) cocrystallization and the resulting crystalstructures.
A) Schematic representation of the humanAR-DBD.
B) The crystal packing of AR DBD.

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App manuscript transcription
ConectaIdeas
From: roberto
To: Masami

WRITE AND PAINT
in at least one box paint atleast one yellow ballin each box paint red at leasttwo balls
10B

Big data with students´ activities

On Computational Thinking
Roberto Araya
CIAE - IE
Universidad de Chileroberto.araya.schulz@gmail.com

Thank you