Meeting theMDGs in Waterand Sanitation
Clarissa Brocklehurst,
Chief of Water,
Environment andSanitation
UNICEF

Water and sanitation areimportant components of childsurvival and development
MDG
MDG 77 Target
Target 10:
10:
ToTo halve,
halve, byby 2015,
2015,
thethe proportion
proportion ofofpeople
people without
without
sustainable
sustainable access
access
toto safe
safe drinking
drinking water
water
andand basic
basic sanitation
sanitation

Linkages to MDGs

Water,
sanitationand hygiene

1. Povertyand Hunger

2. Universal
primaryeducation

3. Gender
equality4. Reducedchildmortality

7. Access towater and sanitation

6.Combating
disease:(HIV, malaria...)Linkages

Education¾ improving WASH in schools
has an impact on enrolment
levels, particularly for girls

Health, HIV/AIDS and Nutrition¾ 85% of diarrhoeal deaths are frompoor hygiene practices,
contaminated drinking water, poor Poverty
sanitation¾ WASH critical for reducing¾ reducing number of episodes ofpoverty : 5.5 billion
diarrhoea and worm infestations
productive days per year
has impact on nutritional statuslost due to diarrhoea alone¾ New evidence linking handwashing and ARI
and burden of fetching¾ WASH linked to helminths, guinea
waterworm, fluorosis, arsenicosis¾ household water required¾ WASH important in home-basedfor small-scale productive
care in reducing opportunistic
activities
infections

Gender¾ Women and girls bear the brunt of fetching water, and benefit themost when distances are reduced.

Current Sector Status:
Water Supply

Drinking water
coverage,

1.1 billion withoutaccess

2002
Drinkingwater JMP)(UNICEF/WHOcoverage,2004(UNICEF/WHO JMP)

Current Sector Status:
Sanitation
China: RuralSanitation 34%
India:
Rural
Sanitation
22%

Asia Pacific overall: 45%
1862 million un-served

Sanitation
coverage,2004(UNICEF/WHO JMP)

Focus on Sanitation: Progress
towards the sanitation target in Asia
630 million
still withoutbasic
sanitation!

The challenge is huge!

96 million need to gain access annuallyDisparities exist:
urban/rural and rich/poor
Improved sanitation coverage bywealth quintiles; Indonesia 2003
97100percentage (%)

Indonesia 2004

73%

8680
6040%

60
3940
2220

RuralCoverage0Poorest

2nd

3rd

4thUrban
Coverage

Richest

The richest 20% are more than four times as likely to
use an improved sanitation facility as the poorest 20%
Source: Indonesia DHS 2003 special tabulation

Why is Sanitation
Important?
• Sanitation is vital for human health• Sanitation generates economic benefits• Sanitation contributes to dignity andsocial development• Sanitation helps the environment• Improving sanitation is achievable

Sanitation is vital for humanhealth
Water Quality
Water Quantity% Reduction
in Diarrhoea

Sanitation
Hygiene
0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%Fewtrell & Colford, 2004

Sanitation is the "greatest medical milestone since 1840”
British Medical Journal poll, voted by 11,341 readers, Jan. 2007

Poor hygiene, lack ofaccess to sanitation
and unsafe drinking
water together
contribute to about
88% of diarrhoea
deathsMalaria8%
Measles 4%
Diarrhoea
17%
HIV/AIDS3%

New evidence
showing that
HWWS canreduce ARI’s by
up to 40%

Pneumonia
19%
Injuries, 3%>50%
Attributable toUndernutrition

Other, 10%

Neonatal
37%

Causes of Mortality among under-five ChildrenSanitation generateseconomic benefits

Sanitation contributes todignity and socialdevelopment•

Sanitation is crucial
factors for school
attendance andcompletion, in particularfor girls• Safe and accessible
sanitation are key for
dignity and equity forwomenTo scale up sanitation weneed to:• create supporting policy• develop low cost options• mobilize communities• work with the private
sector• harness all available
financing, including
household-level
investments

We have particularchallenges in addressing
inequity:• We need to reach the poor and isolated
to address high disparity levels• We need a more equitable distribution ofsector funding• We need increased involvement of
women in all aspects of sanitation andhygiene

Sanitation is achievable!
¾investment of$10 billion peryear until 2015
will achieve MDG

100

94
84

84
82

65

68

80
67
Coverage (%)¾the sameinvestment could
achieve basic
sanitation for theentire world
within one or twodecades

Viet Nam has met its MDG drinking
water target and will meet its
sanitation target ahead of time

60

40
35
2001990

Water2006

Source: Special tabulation,Sanitatio2007 n2015

So what does this meanfor UNICEF?
UNICEF WASH strategy: two targets…
Target: Halve, by 2015, the proportionof people without sustainable access tosafe drinking water and basic
sanitation (MDG 7 Target 10)
Target: Ensure that all schools haveadequate child-friendly water andsanitation facilities, and hygiene
education programmes

UNICEF’s Program:¾Water Supply¾Emergencies¾WASH in Schools¾focus on essential
interventions:¾Hygiene Promotion¾Sanitation Promotion
with new approaches:“Total Sanitation”¾Home Water Treatment
and Safe StorageThree Pillars

Water andsanitation
services

Behaviouralchange– Community– Household– Schools

Enhancedchild survival
and development
Enablingenvironments• Enabling
Environments:
policy, upstream
work• Behaviour change• Water andsanitation services:

Three pillars for effective and sustainable WASH
programmes

International Year ofSanitation 2008
UNICEF is playing a leadrole to• Increase awareness andcommitment• Secure real commitments
to scale up sanitation
programmes andstrengthen sanitation
policies• Develop capacity• Enhance sustainability

Thank you!