ᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢᏛ⩦࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪The influence of the practice of supporting handstand on learning of the forward handspring㧘ᮌ ⨾ᬛᏊ㸨ࠊᒣ⬥ ᜤ஧ࠊ⚟⏣ 㐨኱㸨O-bits ◊✲఍㸨㸨ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ㸨㸨㸨୰ிᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓ୰ி㧗➼Ꮫᰯ

Michiko Takagi㸨, Kyoji Yamawaki㸨㸨,Michio Fukuda㸨㸨㸨㸨O-bits Study Group㸨㸨

Faculty of Education, Gifu University

㸨㸨㸨

Chukyo High SchoolAbstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the influence of the practice of supporting
handstand on the degree of achievement and the performance of the forward
handspring.
The subjects were 14 male, 2nd year graduate students in G University and decided todivide them into two groups, group A and group B, so that the number of times of handtapping became almost the same.
Group A and group B were at the same 10-steps of exercise process. However, group A
was carried out a number of steps of supporting handstand a lot compared to group B.
In the experimental method, the video of the forward handspring movement of the firstpractice and the tenth practice in the same lesson were shot as a comparative material.
The forward handspring movement were filmed with high-speed video camera andanalyzed with motion analysis software.
As a result, it was considered that practice of supporting handstand affect largely tolearn the forward handspring, because of reaching the degree of achievement and theperformance of the forward handspring of group A and group B. It was recognized thatpracticing supporting handstand is very important in learning the forward handspring.
࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻ㸦key words㸧㸸ᨭᣢಽ❧㸦handstand㸧Ꮫ⩦㸦practice㸧๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧ㸦forwardhandspring㸧฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸㸦degree of achievement㸧ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼㸦performance㸧Ϩ㸬┠ⓗ୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝࡢಖ೺య⫱⦅࡟࠾ࡅࡿჾᲔ㐠ືࡢᢏ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊჾᲔ㐠ືࡢྛ✀┠࡟ࡣከࡃࡢᢏࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࡑࢀࡽࡢᢏࢆࠊ⣔ࠊᢏ⩌ࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢどⅬ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⣔ࡣྛ✀┠ࡢ≉ᛶ
ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᢏࡢ㐠ືㄢ㢟ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽ኱ࡁࡃศ㢮ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᢏ⩌ࡣ㢮ఝࡢ㐠ືㄢ㢟ࡸ㐠ືᢏ⾡ࡢどⅬ࠿ࡽศ㢮ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡣ㢮ఝࡢ㐠ືㄢ㢟ࡸ㐠ືᢏ⾡࡟ຍ࠼࡚ࠊ㐠ືࡢ᪉ྥࡸ㐠ືࡢ⤒㐣ࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᢏࡢ⣔⤫ᛶࡸⓎᒎᛶࡶ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ᢏࢆศ㢮ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸴㸧ࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ჾᲔ㐠ືࡣࠊᰠᡭࡽ㸲㸧ࡀᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊయ⫱ࡣࠕዲࡁࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤዲࡁࠖ࡜⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࣐ࢵࢺ㐠ື࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ࠕ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤ᎘࠸ࠖࡲࡓࡣࠕ᎘࠸ࠖ࡜⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿ⏕ᚐࡀከࡃࠊࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ࡛ࡁࡿᢏࡀᑡ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࠖࡸࠕ࠺ࡲࡃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࠿ࡽࠖ࡜࠸࠺ពぢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋಖ೺య⫱⛉ࡢ┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡶࠊ≉࡟࣐ࢵࢺ㐠ື࡛ࡣࠕಽ❧‫ۑۑࠕࡸࠖۑۑ‬ಽ❧ᅇ㌿ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢᨭᣢಽ❧ࢆᇶ♏࡜ࡋࡓᢏࡀከࡃྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦 ಶࡢᢏ㸧⌧≧࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࠊᇶ♏࡛࠶ࡿᨭᣢಽ❧ࢆẁ㝵ⓗ࡞ᣦᑟ࡟ࡼࡾࠊඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟㌟࡟௜ࡅࡉࡏࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀᢏࡢᏛ⩦ࢆ㐍ࡵࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾࠊᢏࡀ࡛ࡁࡿᴦࡋࡉࡸ႐ࡧࢆ࿡ࢃࢃࡏࡿͷͿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊᇶᮏᢏ࡜࠸࠼ࡿᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ㔜せࡉࢆ෌ㄆ㆑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ϩ㸬᪉ἲ$⿕㦂⪅* ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊  ᖺ⏕⏨Ꮚ  ྡ࡜ࡋࠊᐇ㦂༠ຊࡢྠព࡜ᢎㅙཬࡧ㐃⥆෗┿ࡢᥖ㍕࡟㝿ࡋ஢ゎࢆᚓࡓࠋ%ᐇ㦂ᮇ㛫ᖹᡂ  ᖺ  ᭶  ᪥㹼 ᭶  ᪥࡜ࡋࡓࠋ&⩌ࢃࡅ⦎⩦๓ࡢᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢᵝᏊࢆ᧜ᙳࡋࠊᩥ⊩ࡸඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ⭎❧࡚అࡏࡢጼໃ࡛ᡭࡓࡓࡁࢆ  ⛊㛫࡟ఱᅇ྇ࡅࡿ࠿ࢆィ ࡋ㸯㸧㸱㸧ࠊᡭࡓࡓࡁࡢᅇᩘࡀ࡯ࡰྠࡌ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ $࣭% ࡢ㸰⩌࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ'୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢタᐃ$ ⩌ࡣᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢᑟධࠊቨಽ❧ࠊಽ❧㟼Ṇࠊ⣙ 㹫ࡢಽ❧Ṍ⾜ࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸯࠿ࡽ  ࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚ࠊⴠᕪࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ⦎⩦㸦ⴠᕪἲ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧㸯㸧㸰㸧㸱㸧㸵㸧࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿẁ㝵ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋ㸦⾲̺$ ࢆཧ↷㸧
ࠊ% ⩌ࡣᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡣࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸯ࡋ࠿⾜ࢃࡎ࡟ࠊⴠᕪἲ࡜ࠊ㊴ࡧ⟽㸱ẁࡢୖ࡛ᅇ㌿ࡢ㏿࠸ࣈࣜࢵࢪࢆࡍࡿ᪉ἲuͿ͵Ϳ࡜ഃ᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧ๓ࡦࡡࡾ୧㊊ྠ᫬╔ᆅࡢ᪉ἲ{Ϳࡢࡘࡢ᪉ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ẁ㝵ࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸦⾲ ̺% ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ              ࡲࡓࠊ㸯ᅇࡢ⦎⩦᫬㛫ࡣ  ศ࡜ࡋࠊ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵタᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⦎⩦᪥᫬࠿ࡽࠊ ᅇࡢ⦎⩦࡟ཧຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᮲௳࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸯ᅇ┠ࡢ⦎⩦๓࡜  ᅇ┠ࡢ⦎⩦ᚋࡢ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢືసࢆࣅࢹ࢜᧜ᙳࡋ࡚ẚ㍑㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋࠊ
ᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ᭷↓ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡳࡿࡓࡵ࡟㐃⥆෗┿࡜୧⩌ࡢ඲⦎⩦㐣⛬ࢆᩚ⌮ࡋ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
(᧜ᙳ᮲௳᧜ᙳ࡟ࡣࠊࣁ࢖ࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࣓࢝ࣛ㸦(;㸫)+㸪&$6,2 ♫〇㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࠊ࣐ࢵࢺࡢ┿ᶓ࡟タ⨨ࡋࠊ࣓࢝ࣛࡢࢥ࣐ᩘࡣ  ࢥ࣐㸭⛊ࡢࡶ࡜࡛᧜ᙳࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ࠊᐇ㦂࡟ඛ❧ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪤▱ࡢ࢟ࣕࣜࣈ࣮ࣞࢩ࣏࣮ࣙࣥࣝ㸦㸯㹫㸧ࢆྛヨᢏẖ࡟᧜ᙳࡋࡓࠋ)ࢹ࣮ࢱฎ⌮ཬࡧゅᗘཬࡧᒁ㠃ࡢᐃ⩏᧜ᙳࡋࡓᫎീࡣࠊືసศᯒᨭ᥼ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ 27/㸫㸶'=㸪࢜ࢡࢱࣝ♫〇 ࡢศᯒࢯࣇࢺࢆ౑⏝ࡋࠊ㌟య࣏࢖ࣥࢺࢆ  Ⅼ ⫝㸪⫪㸪⭜㸪⭸ ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⫝Ѹ⫪Ѹ⭜ࢆ⤖ࢇࡔ⥺ࡀ࡞ࡍゅᗘࢆࠕ⫪ゅᗘࠖࠊ⫪Ѹ⭜Ѹ⭸ࢆ⤖ࢇࡔ⥺ࡀ࡞ࡍゅᗘࢆࠕ⭜ゅᗘࠖ࡜ࡋࡓࠋձࢥ࣐ࡢ࣍ࢵࣉ᫬ࡢ⫪ゅᗘࠊճࢥ࣐ࡢ╔ᡭ᫬ࡢ⫪ゅᗘࠊմࢥ࣐ࡢಽ❧᫬ࡢ⫪ゅᗘࠊյࢥ࣐ࡢ㞳ᡭ᫬ࡢ⭜ゅᗘࢆồࡵẚ㍑ࡢ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ*๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࡢタᐃ ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡢホ౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ⸨⏣ࡽ{Ϳࡢホ౯ᇶ‽ࢆཧ⪃࡟ࠊಽ❧ጼໃࡢ᭷↓࡜╔ᆅ᫬ࡢ⭜ࡢ㧗ࡉ➼ࢆᇶ‽࡟సᡂࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ㸦⾲㸰ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡑࡋ࡚ࠊసᡂࡋࡓ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡢホ౯ᇶ‽࠿ࡽ୧⩌ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ  +⤫ィฎ⌮$ ⩌࡜ % ⩌㛫ࡢ⤫ィฎ⌮࡟ࡼࡿẚ㍑࡟ࡣࠊ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ 8 ᳨ᐃࢆࠊ⦎⩦๓ᚋࡢẚ㍑࡟ࡣ࢘࢕ࣝࢥ
ࢡࢯࣥࡢ➢ྕ㡰఩࿴᳨ᐃࢆ⏝࠸ࠊ᭷ពỈ‽ࡣ ᮍ‶࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
Ϫ㸬⤖ᯝ࡜⪃ᐹ⾲㸱ࡣࠊ୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦๓ᚋࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࢆᚓⅬ໬ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⾲㸰࡜⾲㸱ࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ
᮶ᫎ࠼ࢆࡳࡿ࡜⦎⩦๓ࡢホ౯ࡣࠊ୧⩌࡜ࡶ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡚ $ ⩌ࡢᖹᆒࡣ  ᚓⅬࠊ% ⩌ࡢᖹᆒࡣ  ᚓⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ⦎⩦ᚋ࡟ࡣ $ ⩌ࡣ  ᚓⅬࠊ% ⩌ࡣ  ࡜࡞ࡾࠊ$ ⩌ࡣ㸵ே୰㸵ேࠊ% ⩌ࡣ㸵ே୰㸳ேࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ$ ⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢ᪉ࡀ % ⩌ࡼࡾ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ$ ⩌ࡢᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡓ᪉ࡀ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡢ㔜せࡉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ ᅗ㸰ࡣࠊ୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦๓ࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡢᖹᆒࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌜ศࡅ࡟㝿ࡋࠊ⦎⩦๓ࡢᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢᵝᏊࢆ᧜ᙳࡋࠊᩥ⊩ࡸඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࠊ⭎❧࡚అࡏࡢጼໃ࡛ᡭࡓࡓࡁࢆ  ⛊㛫࡟ఱᅇ྇ࡅࡿ࠿ࢆィ ࡋࠊᡭࡓࡓࡁࡢᅇᩘࡀ࡯ࡰྠࡌ࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ $࣭% ࡢ㸰⩌࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࠊ⦎⩦๓ࡢ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࢆᏳ඲㠃࡟⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ$ 㒆ࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡣ s ᚓⅬ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ % ⩌ࡣ s ᚓⅬ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ 8 ᳨ᐃࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୧⩌㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ⦎⩦๓ࡢ୧⩌࡟ࡣᢏ⬟ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᕪࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᅗ㸱ࡣࠊ୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦๓ᚋࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡢᖹᆒࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ$ 㒆ࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡣ s Ⅼ࠿ࡽ s Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ % ⩌ࡣ s Ⅼ࠿ࡽ s Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦๓ᚋࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࢆ࢘࢕ࣝࢥࢡࢯࣥࡢ➢ྕ㡰఩࿴᳨ᐃࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୧⩌࡜ࡶ⦎⩦๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ
㸦3㸺㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
୧⩌࡜ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⦎⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡃࢇࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ$ ⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢ᪉ࡀ % ⩌ࡼࡾ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ㸲ࡣ୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ᚋࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡢᖹᆒࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ$ 㒆ࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡣs Ⅼ࡟࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ % ⩌ࡣ s Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ࣐࣭ࣥ࣍࢖ࢵࢺࢽ࣮ࡢ 8 ᳨ᐃࢆࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࠊ୧⩌㛫࡟᭷ពᕪࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦3㸺㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࢆ⦎⩦ࡉࡏࡓ $ 㒆ࡢ᪉ࡀᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦㔞ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ % ⩌ࡼࡾࡶ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ     ෗┿$ ࠿ࡽ$ ࡜෗┿% ࠿ࡽ% ࡣ୧⩌ࡀ⦎⩦ᚋ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿㊴ࡧࢆ㐃⥆෗┿࡛♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㐃⥆෗┿࠿ࡽ୧⩌ࡢฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿㊴ࡧࡣࠊ┤❧࠿ࡽಽ❧ࡢ≧ែࢆ⤒㐣ࡋ࡚ᅇ㌿ࡋࠊ෌ࡧ┤❧࡟࡞ࡿ㐠ື࡛࠶ࡿ㸵㸧ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᡭࢆ╔ࡃࡲ࡛ࡢ๓༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡜╔ᡭᚋࡢᚋ༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿㊴ࡧࡢᢏ⾡࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊձ࣏ࢵࣉ࠿ࡽࡢᡭࢆࡘࡃࡲ࡛ࡢୖయࡢಽࡋࡢࢫࣆ࣮ࢻ࡜ࡑࡢಽࡋ᪉ࠊղᡭࢆ╔ࡃ࡜ྠ᫬࡟๓
㊊ࡢࡅࡾ࡜ᚋࢁ㊊ࡢ᣺ࡾୖࡆ᪉ࠊճᡭࡢࡘࡁࡣ࡞ࡋ࡜㌟యࡢఙࡤࡋ᪉ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿ㸵㸧ࠋ෗┿ $ ࠿ࡽ $ ࡜෗┿ % ࠿ࡽ % ࡢ  ࢥ࣐┠࠿ࡽ㸱ࢥ࣐┠ࡣࠊᡭࡀ╔ࡃࡲ࡛ࡢ๓༙ࡢᅇ㌿ࢆ♧ࡋࡵࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸲ࢥ࣐┠࠿ࡽ㸴ࢥ࣐┠ࡣ╔ᡭᚋࡢᚋ༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡜࡞ࡿࠋᡭࡀ╔ࡃࡲ࡛ࡢ๓༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡛ࡣࠊ$࣭% ⩌࡜ࡶ෗┿ $ ࡢ 6. ࢆ㝖ࡁྛ⿕㦂⪅࡜ࡶ⭎ࡀ⪥࡟᥋ࡋ࡚ࠊṇࡋ࠸࣏ࢵࣉࡢጼໃࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊྛ෗┿ࡢ㸱ࢥ࣐┠࠿ࡽ㸲ࢥ࣐┠ࡢ╔ᡭጼໃ࠿ࡽ⫪ࡢฟ࡟┦㐪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࠊ$ ⩌ࡢ⫪ゅᗘࡢᖹᆒࡣ r࠿ࡽ r࡜ rኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ % ⩌ࡢ⫪ゅᗘࡢᖹᆒࡣ r࠿ࡽ r࡜ rࡋ࠿ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᡭ
ࡀ╔ࡃࡲ࡛ࡢ๓༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡟࠾࠸࡚ᢏ⾡࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿձ࡜ղࡢືసࡀࠊ% ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ $ ⩌ࡼࡾࡶ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ྛ෗┿ࡢ㸳ࢥ࣐┠࠿ࡽ㸴ࢥ࣐┠ࡢ╔ᡭᚋࡢᚋ༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡛ࡣࠊ㌟యࡢࡢࡤࡋ㸦ఙ㌟ࡢ≧ែ㸧࡛ᅇ㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅇ㌿ࡢ㏵୰࡛㌟యࢆ୸ࡃࡋࡓࡾࠊ⭜ࢆᢡࡗࡓࡾࡋ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾ཯ࡽࡏ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ୧⩌ࡢ㸳ࢥ࣐┠ࡢ⭜ゅᗘࡣ⫤㛵⠇ࡢఙᒎᗘྜ࠸ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ$ ⩌ࡢ⭜ゅᗘࡢᖹᆒࡣ r࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ % ⩌ࡢ⭜ゅᗘࡢᖹᆒࡣ r࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊrࡢఙᒎࡢ┦㐪ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ୧⩌ࡢ㸴ࢥ࣐┠ࡢ╔ᆅࡢጼໃ࠿ࡽ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢฟ᮶ᫎ࠼ࢆ࠺࠿ࡀ࠸▱ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ╔ᡭᚋࡢᚋ༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡟࠾࠸࡚ᢏ⾡࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛࠶ࡿճࡢືసࡀࠊ% ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ $ ⩌ࡼࡾࡶ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜࠸

࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ⾲  ࡣ୧⩌ࡢ  ᅇ┠࠿ࡽ  ᅇ┠ࡲ࡛ࡢ⦎⩦㐣⛬ࢆ⾲ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᅗ  ࡣ୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵ࡢ⤒㐣ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ  ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒㐣࡛  ᅇ┠ࡲ࡛ࢆ㏄࠼ࡓࡢ࠿⪃ᐹࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿࠋ   ᅗ㸳ࡢࢢࣛࣇࢆࡳࡿ࡜ࠊ ᅇ┠࠿ࡽ  ᅇ┠ࡲ࡛ % ⩌࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࢆ♧ࡍഴࡁࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀࠊ$ ⩌ࡣ ᅇ┠࠿ࡽ  ᅇ┠ࡢࢢࣛࣇࡢ⥺ࡢഴࡁࡀᶓࡤ࠸࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ $ ⩌ࡢഴࡁࡣ  ᅇ┠࠿ࡽ % ⩌ࢆ㏣࠸㉺ࡍࡼ࠺࡞⥺ࡢഴࡁ࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ$ ⩌ࡣಽ❧Ṍ⾜࡜࣍ࢵࣉ࠿ࡽಽ❧ಽࢀࢆከࡃ⦎⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ࠊḟࡢ FP ࡸ FP ࡢⴠᕪ࡛ࡢ⦎⩦࡟ࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟⛣⾜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ% ⩌ࡣ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗ㏻ࡾ࡟⦎⩦ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚⾜ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛ࠊᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚୧⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢ┦㐪ࡣࠊ$ ⩌ࡣ᭱ึࡢࢫࢸࢵࣉ࠿ࡽᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࠊ% ⩌ࡣᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦࡟࠶ࡲࡾ᫬㛫ࢆ᥃ࡅࡎ࡟๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡀ࡝࠺࡟࠿࡛
ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟⦎⩦ࡢᚋ༙࡟ࢫࢸࢵࣉ㸵㸦㊴ࡧ⟽  ẁ࡛๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿ࡢឤぬࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡼ࠺㸧࡜࡛ࡁࡿ  Ⅼࡲ࡛ࢆࢡࣜ࢔࣮ࡉࡏࡓ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟ࢫࢸࢵࣉ 㸦ഃ᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿  ๓ࡦࡡࡾ୧㊊ྠ᫬╔ᆅ࡛๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢឤぬࢆ㌟࡟௜ࡅࡼ࠺㸧ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࡀࠊᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࠊ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡓ

ࡵ࡟ࡶᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ෌ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵ࡢ㐣⛬ࢆ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾྛ⿕㦂⪅ࡢឤ᝿ࡣࠊ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋձಽ❧Ṍ⾜ࡣࠊࡓࡔ㔜ᚰࢆᏳᐃࡉࡏ࡚ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆಖࡘಽ❧࡜ࡣ㐪࠸ࠊ㔜ᚰࢆ⛣ືࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆಖࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃࠊ஧ே⤌࡛࠾஫࠸⿵ຓࡋయ㔜ࡢ⛣ືࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࢆࡋࡓࡇ࡜ղ࣍ࢵࣉ࠿ࡽಽ❧ಽࢀࡣࠊໃ࠸ࢆࡘࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡛㌟యࡀὶࢀࡸࡍࡃࠊ⫪ࡀฟ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊໃ࠸ࢆࡘࡅ࡞࠸ಽ❧ಽࢀࢆ⦎⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ճ࣍ࢵࣉ࠿ࡽಽ❧ಽࢀࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࠊ╔ᡭࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࠕᡭࡣ⪥ࡢᶓ࠿ࡽື࠿ࡉ࡞࠸ࠖࠕ┠⥺ࡣᡭ࡜ᡭࡢ㛫ࠖ࡟࡜ព㆑ࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜մ ੉ࡢⴠᕪࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲࡣࠊⴠᕪࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡚ᛧ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊྎࢆ౑ࢃࡎ࡟ಽ❧࠿ࡽࣈࣜࢵࢪࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇ⦎⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᜍᛧᚰࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ⦎⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ᫆ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜յ ੉ࡢⴠᕪࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲࡣࠊⴠᕪࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡢ࡛❧ࡘࡢࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊࠕ᣺ࡾୖࡆ㊊ࢆ㏿ࡃ᣺ࡾୖࡆࡿࠖࠕᡭࡢ✺ࡁᨺࡋࢆᙉࡃࡍࡿࠖࡇ࡜ࢆព㆑ࡋ࡚⦎⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜նⴠᕪࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲ࡛ࡣࠊࠕ╔ᆅࡀࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡓࡵ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࡀࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠿ࡗࡓࠖࠊࠕᑡࡋࡎࡘⴠᕪࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛⮬ಙࡀᣢ࡚ࡓࠖࡀࠊࠕࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࡀᝏࡃ࡚ࡶ❧࡚࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡓࡵࠊኚ࡞Ⓑࡀࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࠖࠊࠕ᭱ึࡣⴠᕪࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡚࡞࠿࡞࠿ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡵ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠖࡇ࡜ࢆඞ᭹ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ⦎⩦ࡋࡓࡇ࡜շഃ᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ᪉ἲࡣࠊഃ᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀⱞᡭ࡞ࡓࡵࠊഃ᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡿࡲ࡛࡟᫬㛫ࢆ㈝ࡸࡋࡓࡇ࡜
௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ௒ᅇࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚୧⩌࡜ࡶⴠᕪἲࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦㔞ࡢ
ᑡ࡞࠸ % 㒆࡟ࡣ㞴᫆ᗘࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ୧⩌ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡢⓙࡉࢇࡀពぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࠊⴠ
ᕪࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡚ᛧ࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊྎࢆ౑ࢃࡎ࡟ಽ❧࠿ࡽࣈࣜࢵࢪࢆࡓࡃࡉࢇ⦎⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊᜍᛧᚰࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ⦎⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ᫆ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࢆከࡃ⦎⩦ࡋࡓ $ ⩌࡟ࡣᨭᣢಽ❧ࡀᑡࡋ࡛ࡶᏳᐃࡋࡓ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚ࠊ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ෌ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ
Ϭ㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵᮏ◊✲ࡣࠊᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࠊ௨ୗࡢࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ձ$ ⩌ࡣ㸵ே୰㸵ேࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊ% ⩌ࡣ㸵ே୰㸳ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ղ$ ⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢ᪉ࡀ % ⩌ࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶࠊ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
 ճ% ⩌ࡣ $ ⩌ࡼࡾࡶ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ๓༙࡜ᚋ༙ࡢᅇ㌿࡟⧅ࡆࡿືసࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡓࠋ
 մ$ ⩌࡜ % ⩌ࡢ⦎⩦ẁ㝵࣓ࢽ࣮ࣗࡢ㐍⾜ࡣ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ձղճմࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࠊ
๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ฿㐩ᗘྜ࠸࡜ฟ᮶ᫎ࠼࠿ࡽᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࠊ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᨭᣢಽ❧ࡢ⦎⩦ࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ෌ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ๓㌿ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࡢ⩦ᚓ࡟┿๢࡟⦎⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛ࡃࢀࡓᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ࡢ⿕㦂⪅ࡢⓙᵝ࡬ឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡲࡍࠋᩥ⊩㸯㸧⸨⏣㞞ᩥ࣭໭ᕝᨻᘯ㸦㸧࣐ࠗࢵࢺ㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿㊴ࡧࡢᣦᑟἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࠘㬆㛛ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ◊✲⣖せ㸦⏕ά࣭೺ᗣ⦅㸧㸪➨  ᕳࠊSS㹼㸬㸰㸧㔠Ꮚ᫂཭㸦㸧ࠗయ᧯➇ᢏᩍᮏϬ㸪ᗋ㐠ື㸦⏨࣭ዪ㸧⦅࠘୙࿡ᇽฟ∧ࠊ㹼㸱㸧㔠Ꮚ᫂཭㸦㸧࣐ࠗࢵࢺ㐠ື࠘኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑࠊSS㹼㸬㸲㸧ᡭ⚃ᙪ࣭ᮾᕝᏳ㞝࣭኱㎷࣭᫂㔠୸⣧஧㸦㸧ࠗ㐠ືᢏ⾡࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿᤵᴗᐇ㊶㹼⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ពḧ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㹼࠘
KWWSKRPHKLURVKLPDXDFMSKLJKHUHGSGIBSGI㸳㸧୰ᮧ ๛࣭ຍ⸨⃝⏨࣭Ώ㎶Ⰻኵ㸦㸧ࠗჾᲔ㐠ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࢵࢺ㐠ືࡢࠕ๓᪉ಽ❧ᅇ㌿࡜ࡧࠖࡢࡘࡲࡎࡁ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦౛◊✲࠘⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫయ⫱⛉Ꮫ⣔⣖せࠊࠊSS㹼㸬㸴㸧ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㸦㸧ࠗ୰ᏛᰯᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ゎㄝ㸦ಖ೺య⫱⦅㸧࠘ᮾᒣ᭩ࠊS㸬㸵㸧୰ᓥගᗈ࣭ኴ⏣ᫀ⚽࣭ྜྷ⏣ⱱ࣭୕ᾆᛅ㞝㸦㸧ࠗჾᲔ㐠ືࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ࠘኱ಟ㤋᭩ᗑࠊSS㹼㸬