Motivation
An earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.1 occurred at 13:14 CDT (18:14
UTC) on September 19, 2017, in Puebla (Mexico). A damage survey was
conducted in the affected area during Nonvember18 to 21 July by the team of
NIED. This paper outlines the findings of this survey on the various aspects of theFlash report on the damage of Mexico
City and Puebra related to the 2017
Puebla-Morelos Earthquake

earthquake disaster in Mexico city and surroundings. The observations are that themain damage was to masonry RC buildings with comparison of 1985 and 2017
earthquakes. We investigated improvement of disaster resilience technology.

National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster
Resilience (NIED)
Tsuneo Ohsumi and Yuji Dohi
2
1

Intensity map(Source from USGS)

The most important earthquakes that have occurred in Mexican with the 2017
Puebla-Morelos Earthquake .

3

4

Historical Seismicity

Chiapas, Mexico, M 8.2 vs M 7.1 Ayutla, Mexico(after USGS)(after USGS)

6
5

Survey Areas(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 26, 2017)

Horizontal subduction and truncation of the Cocos Platebeneath central Mexico

November 18, 2017 Mexico City
November 19, 2017 Mexico City
November 20, 2017 Atlixco, Puebra
November 21, 2017 Mexico City
Atlixco, Puebra
Mexico City

Puebra City

0

5

2.5
k
m

7

Pérez‐Campos X., Kim Y.H., Husker A., Davis P.M., Clayton R.W., Iglesias A.,
Pacheco J.F., Singh S.K., Manea V.C., Gurnis M., 2008, Horizontal
subduction and truncation of the Cocos plate beneath central
Mexico, Geophys. Res. Lett. 35, doi 10.1029/2008GL035127.
9

a CU (firm ground)

Thickness soft soils.
Seriousdamagedstructures・ in 2017
・ in1985bab SCT(soft ground)

Sourcefrom
UNAM

Figure Accelerations experienced on the roofs of buildings with different
heights at sites CU (a, firm ground) and SCT (b, soft ground) for earthquakesof September 19, 1985 (blue) and 2017 (red). The provied accelerations
correspond to the geometric average of both horizontal components of the
11
movement.
（UNAM, Sep. 23, 2017）

Periods measured with microtremor measurements Map

12

Martinez Gonzalez, Jose (2015).

Seismic zonation Map
Seriousdamagedstructures・ in 2017
・ in1985

Seriousdamagedstructures・ in 2017
・ in1985

Sourcefrom
UNAM

Source
from
UNAM

13

Reinoso, E. y Lermo, J. (1991)

14

Estimated Acceleration Maps
T= 0.06 s (Buildings of 1 story)

T=0.3 s (Buildings of 2‐3 stories)

T=1 s (Buildings of 8‐12 stories)

T=2 s (Buildings of 16‐20 stories)

2017

1985

T= 1 s (Buildings of 8‐12 stories)

T= 2 s (Buildings of 16‐20 stories)

15(SSN,UNAM,207)

Transfer functions were obtained from 10 m, 20 m and 40 mof the simplified soil profiles.
10 m

20 m

T= 0.645 s(1.6 Hz)

Survey points in this study.

40 m
T= 2.00 s(0.5Hz)T= 1.10 s(0.95 Hz)

6

20 m
20 m

5

10 m

4
3
2
1
0
0.1

1

10 m model ρ
5m
5m
BASE

FAS
FAS
DP

1.3
1.2
1.77

Vs
40 m/s
80 m/s
245 m/s

20 m model ρ
1.3

sec

10
Vs
40 m/s

5m

FAS

15 m

FAS

1.2

80 m/s

BASE

DP

1.77

245 m/sVs value from Facciolia and Flores (1975)

40 m model
5m

FAS

ρ
1.3

Vs
40 m/s

35 m

FAS

1.2

80 m/s

BASE

DP

1.77

245 m/sTransfer functions were obtained from 10 m, 20 m and 40 m from the simplified soil
profiles and sedimentary layers from the one‐dimensional analysis of the dominantfrequency. The Vs values of the ground were set from Facciolia and Flores (1975) to FAS,
17
which is normally consolidated clay, and DP, which is a sand layer including gravel.

Con 13 edificios comenzará la etapa dedemolición en la CDMX

0

2.5

5

km
18

16

1

Génova 33, colonia
Juárez, delegación
Cuauhtémoc
9 stories building

２

Versalles 37, colonia
Juárez, delegación
Cuauhtémoc
10 stories building

３

Tokio 517, colonia
Portales norte,delegación Benito
Juárez
5 stories building

４

Patricio Sanz 37,
colonia del Valle,delegación Benito
Juárez
7 stories building

５

Canal de Miramontes
3010, colonia
Girasoles, delegación
Coyoacán
6 stories building

9６

Paseos del río 10,colonia Paseos deTaxqueña, delegación
Coyoacán
6 stories building

10

７

Escocia 29, torre 2,colonia Parque San
Andrés, delegación
Coyoacán
5 stories building

11

８

Escocia 33, colonia
Parque San Andrés,delegación Coyoacán
４ stories building

Hamburgo 112,
colonia Juárez,delegación
Cuauhtémoc
8 stories building

13

San Antonio Abad122, colonia Tránsito,delegación
Cuauhtémoc
9 stories building

Calzada de la Viga
1756, colonia Héroes
de Churubusco,
sección primera,delegación Iztapalapa
8 stories building

Concepción Béistegui
1503, colonia
Narvarte, delegación
Benito Juárez
5 stories building

12

Sonora 149, colonia
Roma norte,delegación
Cuauhtémoc
7 stories building

19

20

WHAT IS A STRUCTURAL SYSTEM?
Are the structures composed of several members, have thefunction of supporting the loads that act on them bytransmitting them to the ground.
Pueden identificarse tres tipos deelementos estructurales:
Three types of structural elements canbe identified:
Vertical elements / support
Elements that form the floor / ceiling
Elements of the foundation
Structural damages
If any of the structural elements is affected, it must bereported and the property evacuated, since thesedamages are considered high risk.

MONITORING OF HOUSING AFTER THE SISMOThe Secretary of Civil Protection recommends
following 3 steps at home to guarantee safety.
①Identifies
The damages caused by the earthquake incolumns, beams, castles, walls of load and slabs.
②Monitor
The structure and installations, gas water andelectricity③Maintenance
Whenever construction and remodeling work is
carried out, it must be carried out by specialized
personnel.

Fissures
They do not directly affect thestructure, generally they arepresented in finishes andbetween the union of walls.

0

2.5

5

km
21

②Fractures
These elements do not directly
affect the structures, generally
These elements(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 26, 2017)24

TYPE OF CRACKSThe Engineer Yoshio Joel Salinas, general director of
T22 Coordination and Architecture, indicated thatafter the earthquake it is necessary to detect what
type of cracks are of risk.

Damage evaluation
It is advisable toremove the flat or tilethat covers the wall, toverify that the partition
or element with which
the wall was built, is ingood condition.

If the cracks went
through the septum
these represent a
potential danger,
recommends
consulting a specialist.

If the cracks form an 'X',
a kind of 'u', a diagonalwith the horizontal of
the floor, or, areparallel to it, then they
are highly dangerous
and the construction
must be abandoned
until it is revised.

Improvement ofregulatory
requirements
After the 1985
earthquake, theconstruction
regulations
were modified.

Grieta diagonal de45 grados
Grieta tipo 'u’
Grieta tipo 'equis'(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 26, 2017)

Smaller damaged house

25

Havely damaged house

Balsas 20

Two adjacent houses were built in the same
period in 1970. Both buildings will bedemolished. However, the building on the rightwas heavily damaged and the parking lot on
the first floor was collapsed. Inspecting at thecolumn parts, on the left side housing, thebuilding's column used construction method
for the hoops/stirrups as 45 cm pitch. On theright side housing, the hoops/stirrups werevery poor. The quality of the concrete is also
considered to be better in the building on theleft side.

27

Seis departamentos de Residencial
San Josestirrups

stirrups

45 cm

28

30

Tlatelolco Complex, 1985

31

Tlatelolco Complex area

32

(Courtesy of EL FINANCIERO)

1

2

33

3

4

2‐close up

34

(Courtesy of Prof. Nakano with Tokyo Univ.)
Wall

Wing Wall Rehab.

Tlatelolco Complex, November

ColumnTlatelolco Complex

21

35

La Torre Latino
Location

Structure
For the Tower to resilient an acceptable seismic
deformation, the walls linked to the structure were
avoided. In addition the finishes, facade, interior
walls, soffits, etc. they accept a displacement
between floor and ceiling of 1.5 cm without
suffering damages. The steel structure isreinforced in the floors by the slabs that werelinked to the structure by special connectors.

Base
In order to have an adequate
embedment of the building, an
excavation of 13.50 m deep was
carried out in which there are threebasements.

36

Memorial plate in the Latin American tower.
(photo taken by T. Ohsumi at November 21, 2017)

Foundation
Before starting the work, soundings
were made that took undisturbed
samples of the different layers, up
to 70 meters deep.

Deform meter of the Latin American tower.
(photo taken by T. Ohsumi at November 21, 2017)

Filling
Clay
Clay

2017

Piles
Number of 361 concrete piles were
nailed to the first resistant layer tohave a solid base to displace thebuilding.
30 Aniversario Sismo del 85: La Gran Urbe no Deja de Moverse, EL FINANCIERO

37

Seismometer of the Latin
American tower.

38

Torre-mayor
Location

30 Aniversario Sismo del 85: La Gran Urbe no Deja de Moverse, EL FINANCIERO

How do heatsinks work?
Heatsinks mobilize an element through aviscous fluid, which generates forces that
oppose the movement of the element ofproportional magnitude to the velocity.

Atlixco, Puebra

Metallicarm

Heatsink

Seismic
EnergyConventional building

Building with heatsinks

Concrete piles

Shock absorbers

The structure vibrates and thedeformation produces damage
because the seismic energy istransferred 100% to the structure.

Energy is absorbed by these devices
reducing
deformations
andstructural damage.

39

41

Atlixco is a city and a municipality in the Mexican state of Puebla. Atlico (18.900648, ‐98.445572) about 90 km southeast of Mexico City and about 20 km southeast from Mt.
Popocatépetl is located approximately 40 km (39.3) northward from the epicenter(18.550 ° N 98.489 ° W). The earthquake damage beyond Atlico, also the five local
governments (Huaquechula, Atzitzihuacán, Santa Isabel Cholula, Tepeojuma andTianguismanalco) are damaged. It is undergoing structural damage, and most of the40
damage to the structures was the church buildings.

42

Puebra City

43

1

Lat.: 19.04035N, Lon.: 98.19502W
Add: Av 5 Ote 611, Centro, 72000 Puebla

Puebla City is known as Puebla de los Angeles, is the seat of Puebla Municipality, thecapital and largest city of the state of Puebla. This city is famous as a town of the44
ceramics (Las talaveras).

3

Lat.: 19. 04349N, Lon.: 19336W
Add: Calle 6 Nte 211, Centro Historico, Centro, 72000 Atlixco

Museo Casa de Alfeñique

19. 04306N, Lon.: 98.19347W
2 Lat.:
Add: Calle 6 Nte 200, Centro Historico, Centro, 72000 Puebla

19.04618N, Lon.: 98.19829W
4 Lat.:
Add: W Av. 4 Pte. 103d, Centro, 72000 Puebla

Capilla del Rosario
45

46

5

19.04119N, Lon.: 98.1978W
7 Lat.:
Add: Av 7 Ote 204, Centro, 72000 Puebla

Lat.: 19.04302N, Lon.: 98.19784W
Add: Calle 3 Ote. 202, Centro, 72000 Puebla

Catedral de Puebla

Conventual church of St. Jerome

19.04138N, Lon.: 19838W
6 Lat.:
Add: Av 7 Ote 202, Centro, 72000 Puebla

47

48

The citizens hope that support will continue after the emergency term.
50% of respondents who answered, opinions, thought that a solid combination will continue even after an
emergency term, but 43% think that it will be banished.

EVALUATION BEFORE THE EMERGENCY

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT
THE WORK OF THE
FOLLOWING GROUPSAGAINST THE EMERGENCY OFSEPTEMBER 19? (%)

SOLIDARITY AND VOLUNTARY PRIDEVERY GOOD / GOOD
HOW MANYPERSONS WASFELT A SENSE
OF HUMANSOLIDARITY ON
SEPTEMBER A LOT
19? (%)DO YOU BELIEVE
THAT HUMAN
SOLIDARITY LASTSAFTER THE
EMERGENCY OR
DO YOU THINK IT FINISH
DISAPPEAR? (%)

A LITTLE

A LOT

LITTLE BIT NOTHING

WHAT SO
PROUD ISTHIS AT THISMOMENT OF
THE PEOPLE
A LITTLE OF THE CITY
OF MEXICO?
LITTLE BIT (%)

HOW SO PROUD
ARE YOU TO LIVEIN THE CITY OF
MEXICO? (%)
A LOTNOTHINGA LITTLE

LITTLE BIT

CONTINUE

NO ANSWER(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 25, 2017)

BAD /VERY BAD

NEITHER OR NORE

NO ANSWERPERSON VOLUNTEERING TO PARTICIPATE IN RESCUERESCUESTORS CALLED TOPOS
FIREFIGHTERS
MEMBERS OF THE ARMED ARMED FORCES AND FORCESFEDERAL ELECTRICITY COMMISSION
POLICEFEDERAL GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT OF CITY

(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 25, 2017)

DAMAGE IN THE HOUSINGDID YOU AND
YOUR FAMILY
SUFFER
MATERIAL YESDAMAGE IN
YOUR HOME?
(%)

VOLUNTEER

IS THEDAMAGE THATYOUR HOUSE
RECIVEDREPARABLES?
(%)
NO ANSWERNOREPAIRABLE
UNREPAIRABLEDID YOU OR SOMEONE FROM YOUR FAMILY LEAVE AS A
VOLUNTEER TO PROVIDE HELP?
HOW DID YOU GET THE INFORMATION TO HELP, FOR ...? (%)
Yes, BY SOCIAL NETWORKS
Yes, BY GROUP OR ASSOCIATIONDOES YOURHOME
SINGNUP FOR
INSURANCE?
(%)

YES

NO

A LOT

LITTLE BIT

NOTINGI WILL ASKABOUT YOURRESIDENCEITSELF. DID
YOU HAVE ANY
DAMAGE? (%)

Yes, BY RADIO AND TELEVISION
ANOTHER WAY
THEY DID NOT JOIN AS VOLUNTEERS.
DID NOT PARTICIPATE IN THE VOLUNTEERS.

NOA LITTLEANSWERNO ANSWER

Note) If the home building is an apartment, even if the building is damaged,that person's room may be okay.

(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 25, 2017)(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 25, 2017)

Anything goes to find life: dogs and scanners
The device detects the breathing and the chest part of the living bodyfinely moves by the influence of breath , even if small vibrations.

MENTAL DAMAGE
DOSE ANYONE IN YOURMENTALLY EFFECT？
IF YOUBEEN

AFFECTED

YES, RELATIVEYES
YES, RELATIVE❶ UWB DETECTORRadio technology thatuses a bandwidth greaterthan 500 MHz (UWB).
Probe the surface of thedebris for movement.

NO
DOSE

IF YOUFAMILYRESCUE TECHNOLOGY
Compalison of the 1985
e a r t h q u a k e , Me x i c a n
rescuers currently havetechnological tools that
greatly help save andlocate a greater numberof people in less time.

ANYONEIN YOURFAMILYINJURED?

NO

The rescuers raise the point
to request absolute silence
and thus perceive indications
that lead them.

It can be locating vict
ims by detecting
movements up to a
distance of 30m❷ CANINE BINOMIESThis is the name of the
dog and the trainer, bothprepared to search forpeople under rubble.
Harness
They use it if theyrequire it.
Glasses
They protect your eyesin case of smoke, dust
or any substance.
Boots
They help protect
their legs.

(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 25, 2017)55(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 22, 2017)❹ WALL SCANNING
The equipment allows to observe thearea from behind the wall. The
scanner detects ∙ micro‐shocks
caused by breathing, heartbeat or
the gestures of people.

❸ THERMAL EQUIPMENTREADINGThe equipment is used to locate
people alive in the rubble.
The rescue of those
who are buried indebris without injuries
and who can movefreely is easy.

Japan’s Disaster Relief Team Working
at Mexico Coty Aire port, September 21, 2017

There is no parameter to measure theresistance to a collapse. between achild or an adult; There are victims
recovered after 6 days and without
eating under the rubble.

You may have some member very
damaged or trapped. In this case isdecided to place a tourniquet. The
vital signs are checked and theirrecovery is carried out.

56
(Courtesy of El Financiero, September 22, 2017)

September 26, 2017:
Anabel Clemente,
Para japoneses es lahora de reconstruir,el rescate termino,
El Financiero.

Japan's Disaster Relief Team backed to Narita
Aire port with emergency rescue dog,
September 28, 2017
appreciative words

Findings
・ The heavily damaged structures area rerated to the2017 earthquake, correspond to 10‐20 m thickness soft
soils area.
・ Comparison of the spectrum acceleration
distribution for 1 s period correspond to the buildingsof 8‐12 stories. These period area correspond to theheavily damaged structures area rerated to the 2017
earthquake.
・In the 2017 earthquake, which had short‐period
components of earthquake motion, in 10 m case, whichis the shallow segmental layer case, the higher contrast
Vs value of segmental layers and the basement is
contributed to increase the amplification of ground59
motion characteristics.

・In Mexico City, smaller damage was shown at theurban buildings with modified improvement ofregulatory requirements
the construction
regulations after the 1985 earthquake. However, thebuildings not suited to these regulatory requirements
were heavily damaged.
・ In Atlixco, Puebra, where close to the epicenter,most of the damage to the structures was thehistoric church buildings.

60