JAPAN-AFRICA RELATIONS AFTER TICAD IV-A CASE STUDY
OF JAPAN-UGANDA RELATIONS, A PAPER BY AMBASSADORJAMES M. MUGUME, PERMANENT SECRETARY OF THE
MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS OF THE REPUBLIC OFUGANDA DELIVERED AT THE FOUNDATION FOR ADVANCEDSTUDIES ON INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, TOKYO, JAPAN,
1ST AUGUST, 2008.
The Executive Director of the Foundation for Advanced Studies on
International Development, Mr. Toshio Tsunozaki,
Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen,
I. INTRODUCTION:
From 28-30 May 2008, the 4th Tokyo International Conference on
African Development (TICAD IV) Summit was hosted in Yokohama
by Prime Minister Rt. Hon. Yasuo Fukuda under the theme“Towards a Vibrant Africa: A Continent of Hope andOpportunity”. The importance of the Summit was underscored by
the active participation of 51 African countries, 44 of which were led
by Heads of State/Government including Uganda’s delegation,
which was led by H. E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, President. Japan’s
co-organisers in TICAD are the United Nations, the United Nations
Development Programme and the World Bank.
In addition, Japan then conveyed the views of the African countries
arising from TICAD IV to the 2008 G8 Summit, which it also hosted
this year at Toyako in Hokkaido from 7-9 July. In 2008, therefore,
Japan fully seized opportunities by promoting African issues on theinternational agenda and boosting dialogue between Africa and theinternational community on key issues of development and MDG’s.
I wish to re-emphasize the gratitude of my Government to thePrime Minister of Japan, Rt. Honourable Yasuo Fukuda and theJapanese people for the commitments made to Africa in line withJapan’s partnership with Africa under the TICAD process following
from TICAD I (1993), TICAD II (1998) and TICAD III (2003). The
African Heads of State and Government at TICAD IV reiterated
Africa’s commitment to continuing the implementation of measures
to promote economic growth, socio-economic advancement andconsolidate peace and security in partnership with Japan and othercountries.
As pointed out during the Summit, our continent still faces a
number of challenges including poverty, disease, adverse climate
and relative instability in some parts. In the midst of this adversity,
however, the Summit identified the overwhelming opportunities and1potential for development and reflected Japan’s key partnership rolein harnessing this potential.
Japan’s initiative to establish TICAD fifteen years ago has proven to
be a major framework within which these objectives are being
achieved. Specific cooperation under TICAD with Uganda as a casestudy shall be outlined below with an overview of critical areas for
future Japan-Africa cooperation in the post-TICAD IV landscape.
II. TICAD IV: AFRICA-JAPAN FRAMEWORK:The TICAD process is a good testimony of synergy between Africa
and Japan. It has laid a strong foundation for a fair, balanced andequitable strategic partnership in capacity building, training,development of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises, and support
for intra-African cooperation including through the African Union(AU) and the New Partnership for African Development (NEPAD).
As announced by Rt. Hon. Fukuda at TICAD IV, Japan has
committed to undertake the following new initiatives in cooperation
with Africa;
1) Assistance in the establishment of regional infrastructurewith regards to road, rail and power networks;
2). Utilizing ODA to trigger private investment;
3). Promoting assistance for agriculture and ruraldevelopment;
4). Comprehensively working on measures against infectious
diseases, including HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis tomeet MDG targets;
5). Promoting maternal, infant and child health as well as
human resource development of health workers;
6). Improving access to safe drinking water and basic
sanitation; and
7). Supporting the consolidation of peace.
Interventions by Japan will address the following sectors:
1. Boosting Economic Growth:(A). Infrastructure: TICAD IV emphasized the development ofintegrated infrastructure (roads, rail and energy) as critical tomitigating the cost of doing business and a pre-requisite for
economic development. Future cooperation therefore will lay moreemphasis on improving regional infrastructure including road andrail corridors, regional energy networks, communication networks
and integrating regional infrastructure to promote private sector
investment.

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(B). Trade and Investment: To be enhanced by encouraging
transfer of appropriate technology and technical know-how, sharingof best practices in adherence to international quality standards,
skills development and finance innovation, dissemination andanalysis of relevant data, emphasis on value addition andinvestment guarantees from Asia to Africa.
(C). Agriculture: To be enhanced for economic growth and poverty
reduction, primarily through the introduction of the New Rice for
Africa (NERICA) and promotion of irrigation and improved farming
methods. Japan is supporting the ‘green revolution’ in Africa andtackling climate change impact on agricultural productivity.
2. Achieving the Millennium Development Goals:(A). The Community Based Approach to development is
indispensable for achieving the MDGs. Under TICAD, ruralcommunities are a vital stakeholder in development activities toenable self-sufficiency; the One Village One Product (OVOP)
movement will be expanded and programmes will be promoted tolink the private sector, including Small and Medium Scale
Enterprises (SMES) as well as civil society to the formal sector.
(B). Education: TICAD IV noted the need to balance education at alllevels through a holistic approach, promoting access to education byfemales and vulnerable groups. Training in science and technology
as well as technical/vocational training will also be enhanced.
(C).Health: Support for programmes to improve health bycomprehensively fighting disease, taking into account enhanced
solutions to HIV/AIDS and other killer diseases. Sanitation andpreventative community level measures also play a key role.
(D). Resources, both financial and human, including theiravailability, planning and judicious application can guarantee aid
effectiveness, utilization and mutual accountability. Countries
emerging from conflict should be assisted in post-conflict building
towards realization of the MDGs.
3. Consolidation of Peace and Good Governance:
Peace and security are essential for economic growth andsustainable development. Through the TICAD framework thecapacity of African countries emerging from conflict to attainsustainable peace will be strengthened. The TICAD framework
focuses on strengthening post-conflict measures to prevent therecurrence of conflicts and we are desirous that it cover African
peacekeeping logistical support as well.
34. Addressing Environment Issues/Climate Change:
Africa is the continent most affected by the negative impact ofclimate change and yet the continent is the least emitter of green
house gases (GHG). It is expected that the TICAD process as wellas the global post-Kyoto framework will effectively address thischallenge especially in areas of mitigation, adaptation and transfer
of appropriate technology and mobilization of financial resources forsustainable development.
Cooperation between Africa and Japan should lead to success inmanaging global and African climate concerns. Africa expects to be
actively part of the Bali Road Map, and to access support for
mitigation and adaptation bearing in mind the “common but
differentiated responsibility”. Africa acknowledges the need to stop
deforestation as a source of fuel as long as the continent isequipped with alternative sources of energy, including mini hydrodams, solar energy, and bio-gas.
We also call on Japan and other developed countries to take firmer
action to substantially reduce their greenhouse gas emission levels.
III. TICAD IV CASE STUDY: JAPAN-UGANDA RELATIONS:As a case study, Japan-Uganda relations offer a useful microcosm ofJapan-Africa relations after TICAD IV.
Japan and Uganda enjoy warm mutually-beneficial relations basedon trade, tourism, investment and cooperation at multilateral fora
e.g. the United Nations.
Japan is the world’s 5th largest ODA donor after US, Germany,
France and the UK. Japan’s net ODA in 2007 was US$ 7.7 billion,
representing 0.17% of GNI. The 30.1% fall in real terms was inpart due to a decrease in debt relief operations, which were
exceptionally high in 2005 and 2006, and to a decrease incontributions to international financial institutions. Japan’s ODA has
been on a downward trend since 2000, except for an increase in2005 and 2006 due to debt relief*. However, Japan undertakes
significant multilateral assistance as well.
Uganda is an influential country in the Great Lakes Region and in
Africa. Currently, Uganda chairs the Commonwealth Heads ofGovernment Meeting (CHOGM), as well as Conference of Foreign
Ministers (CFM) of the Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC). She
is also a member of the African Union Peace and Security Council* Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development:
http://www.oecd.org/document/8/0,3343,en_2649_34447_40381960_1_1_1_1,00.html

4for the period 2008/2009, and the African Union candidate for a
non-permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council for theperiod 2009/2010. Uganda is also an active participant in United
Nations Security Council and African Union peacekeeping operations
including in Darfur and Somalia. Uganda has played a leadershiprole in peace facilitation in the region including Burundi, D. R.
Congo, Sudan and Somalia. Uganda has also played a role in thebuilding of a stronger East African Community (EAC) bringing
together over 120 million people encompassing Kenya, Tanzania,
Rwanda and Burundi. Bilateral cooperation between Uganda andJapan is therefore a mutually beneficial and strong one.
Uganda has enjoyed over two decades of consistent economic
growth and in 2007 the economy grew by 6.5% with a GDP of
US$ 31.47 billion (PPP) based on sound macro-economic
management coupled with sustained political stability and security.
As a percentage of GDP, private investment in Uganda rose from
12.4% in FY 2002/03 to 17.9% in FY 2006/07.
(A). Bilateral Relations:Japan’s relations with Uganda are largely undertaken within the
TICAD principles, on a bilateral and multilateral basis. Uganda’s
interest in post-TICAD relations with Japan were expounded uponby President H.E. Yoweri Kaguta Museveni in Yokohama, focusing
on value addition to Uganda’s products to enable the country toexport processed goods, to expand employment opportunities;
additional resource flows for private sector-led growth; skills
development through vocational/technical training; building
sufficient infrastructure including transportation and energy
production as well as information and communication technology
and commitment to free trade.
Because of Japan’s important global standing, Uganda has
prioritised diplomatic relations between the two countries whichwere established with the opening of Uganda’s Embassy in Tokyo in
1963. In 2003, Japan upgraded its Mission in Kampala to a fullfledged Embassy, greatly boosteing bilateral cooperation between
the two countries.
This cooperation has been strengthened through high levelexchange of visits. H.E. President Yoweri Kaguta Museveni has
visited Japan including in 1993, 2003 and most recently in 2008
when he participated in TICAD IV. Several other high ranking
Ugandan officials have made visits to further underscore thestrength of our bi-lateral relations.
Likewise, Uganda has hosted high ranking officials from Japan
including Hon. Muneo Suzuki, Deputy Cabinet Secretary in 1999;
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Japan’s Parliamentary Secretary for Foreign Affairs, Hon. Kazunori
Tanaka in September, 2004; the Vice President of JICA in-charge ofAfrica, Mr. Etsuo Kitahara, in February, 2005; the Education,
Science and Technology Minister, Hon. Kenji Kosaka in July 2006;
Members of the House of Representatives, Hon. Yoshitaka MURATA
Member and Hon. Seigo KITAMURA in August 2006, Vice Ministerfor Foreign Affairs, Hon. Masayoshi Hamada in February 2007 andthe former Minister of Finance, Hon. Sadazuka Tanigaki, in his
capacity as UNICEF goodwill Ambassador, in May 2007.
In December 2005, our relations got a further boost when Japan
opened an office for the Japan International Co-operation Agency(JICA) in Kampala.
(B). Multilateral Cooperation:
Uganda and Japan co-operate closely on international matters at
the United Nations especially on the reform of the United Nations,as well as candidatures for International positions e.g. in 2007
Uganda supported Japan’s successful nomination of Amb. Fumiko
Saiga as a Judge at the International Criminal Court. Uganda andJapan also cooperate and discuss on the way forward with regard toissues including reform of the UN and maintenance of international
peace and security.
Since both countries are expected to be nominated as nonpermanent members of the United Nations Security Council for theperiod 2009-2010, our cooperation can only be enhanced.
1. Boosting Economic Growth:
Since boosting of economic growth is key to Uganda’s development
and transformation, Japan-Uganda cooperation has emphasized theneed to encourage Japanese investors to undertake investments inagro-processing,health,telecommunications,miningandknowledge-intensive industries in Uganda, promoting market accessto Japan for Uganda’s products.
(A). Infrastructure:
The importance of private investment especially from foreigncountries including Japan cannot be over-emphasized. However,foreign investment can only be successful if the basic investment
infrastructure is in place, as Japan and Asia’s economic
development history has shown.
It is for this reason that Japan-Uganda cooperation aims to improve
important infrastructure with regards to6

(i). Energy: In 2007 Japan approved the Bujagali Inter Connection
project to construct electricity transmission networks Bujagali power
station to various node points around the country. Japan is also
supporting the Rural Electrification project in Masaka and Masindi
Districts and at TICAD IV agreed to support investment in the
Ayago power dam (700 megawatt potential) as a power source for
the Great Lakes Region,(ii). Road and Rail: Japan has availed support through the projectfor improvement of traffic flow in Kampala, the Greater Kampala
Traffic System as well as rural road development, and support forthe modernization of the East African Railway system for cheap andtimely transport of commodities. In addition at TICAD IV Japanagreed to support construction of a new bridge, Nalubaale Bridge,
over the River Nile at Jinja as a gateway to the Great Lakes Region
through,(iii). Information and Communications Technology (ICT) by
upgrading the ICT Cable system and improvement of the radio
broadcast network for improved communication.
(B). Trade and Investment:
The trade and investment opportunities between Uganda and Japan
have not yet been fully exploited. Uganda is working to attract
Japanese investors focusing largely on Japanese Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs) and subsidiary branches of major Japaneseelectronic and mechanical industries in Asia.
Uganda currently exports to Japan mainly frozen fish fillet, coffee,
tea, vanilla, metals and oil seeds (nuts). There is a potential formutual benefit from investment in agro-processing.
(i). The Banana Industry:
Uganda is a major producer of bananas in the world. About 75% of
Ugandan farmers grow the crop on 1.3 million hectares producing
8.6 million metric tonnes. Japan, which is the biggest market forbananas in Asia, can benefit from Ugandan imports in this regard.
There is also increased potential for industrial exploitation of
Banana fiber to produce high quality textiles and paper with transfer
of appropriate technology to Uganda.
(ii).The Beef industry:
Uganda is also endowed with livestock and in cooperation withJapan, the enhancement of local industries and promotion of animalhusbandry is being undertaken. This is an area that can meet7

market demands in Japan with appropriate
standards and regulatory negotiations.

cooperationon(iii). Tourism:
Few Japanese tourists visit the “Pearl of Africa” as Uganda isfamously known. The number increased from 500 in 2005/06 to1000 in 2007/08. There is tremendous scope for expansion in thisarea with investment opportunities in tourism infrastructure e.g.
hotels and developments on natural resources.
Tourism opportunities include an environmentally friendly
experience through eco-tourism, savouring the luscious nature, wild
game including Uganda’s big seven (Lion, Elephant, Hippopotamus,
Leopard, Tiger, Giraffe and Rhinocerus), the unique mountain gorilla
trekking experience, River Nile rafting and cruises, scaling the
5,000m snow-capped Rwenzori mountain on the equator, thevarious cultural experiences, among others.
(iv) Energy Sector
Uganda is endowed with an enormous potential for hydrological andother renewable sources of energy. The Government of Uganda
strives to meet the unenviable challenge of expanding access toaffordable, reliable and adequate energy to meet ever increasing
household, commercial and industrial demands.
(v) Mining
The mining and quarrying industry is growing at a rate of about
11% per annum e.g. in limestone mined for the production of
cement and lime, aggregate, gravel and gold, tin and tungsten
concentrates are currently produced largely for export. There aremany high mineral potential areas in Uganda, which remain
inadequately explored despite the country’s long history of
production. Uganda has potential to produce a variety of otherimportant minerals, which are being produced in the neighboring
countries with similar geologic environments. Such mineralcommodities include: platinum, nickel, diamond and rare earth
elements.
(vi) Petro-chemicals and other oil/gas deposits
Following exploration by companies such as Tullow Oil (UK) and
Heritage Co., the Lake Albert Rift basin has been confirmed as amajor emerging petroleum province, with commercially viable
deposits of oil and gas. Investment opportunities abound forJapanese companies in exploration and concessional exploitation ofthese deposits as well as as petro-chemical processing industries.
8Tullow and Uganda Government shall install a mini-refinery in
Hoima by 2009.

(vii) Information and Communication Technology
Uganda’s Information and Communications Technology (ICT) sector
is dynamic and vibrant. The sector has registered double digit
growth since 2000 and grew by 33% in 2006/2007. Investment
inflows have been very strong and in 2006, the sector attracted inexcess of US $73 million. Direct employment stands at 6000 while
over 350,000 people are indirectly employed. Sector dynamism is a
result of Uganda’s good ICT legal and regulatory framework, astable micro economic environment and economic reforms pursued
since the early 1990s. The telecommunications sub-sector, formerly
dominated by a single national operator, has been progressively
liberalised over the last 10 years.
Infrastructure capacity is rapidly improving. Most national andregional transmission links are digital. Optical fiber links connect
major economic centres, with expansion in progress. There isextensive use of microwave in the backbone infrastructure and Vsat
Services. International gateways are satellite based but connection
to the world optic fiber network is eminent. Although still small,export of ICT services has started generating foreign exchange
inflows. With virtually no earnings in 2001, the sector now earns
over US $ 10 million per annum.
A wide range of investment opportunities are available due to
Uganda’s geographical location which favours business process
outsourcing and low licensing and entry cost. Other positive factors
include a strong market potential across most service areas, askilled labour force with specialized ICT training, a population thatfluently speaks English, low factor costs including land, good quality
support infrastructure and a young population suitable for ICT.
(viii) Agro-processing; value addition
The performance of the agricultural sector in Uganda hascontinuously improved. Uganda prides herself of good agriculturalsoils (arable land) and climate such there are enormous investment
opportunities in the following sub-sectors: Fish, Coffee, Flowers,
Fruits and Vegetables and Forestry(C). Increase in Japanese ODA and Yen Loans to Uganda:
Within the TICAD Framework, Japan has provided substantial grant
aid to Uganda. This has helped Uganda to make greater strides
9towards eradicating poverty. In 2004, Japan granted debt relief to
Uganda worth Yen 6,296, 800,000 (approximately USD 62m) underthe HIPC arrangement. While this led to a moratorium on yen loans
to Uganda, Japan in 2007 resumed yen loans to Uganda based on
Uganda’s economic performance in debt servicing and sound macroeconomic management. MOFA Japan, JICA and JBIC manage theportfolios of grant aid, technical assistance and yen loans.
Uganda continues to negotiate with Japan to augment her financial
assistance within the TICAD IV framework, in particular throughdirect concessional loans rather than going through intermediarymechanisms to optimize operational costs and management of theloans.
(D). Agriculture/Food Security and Rural Development:
Introduced as a Japanese project, the New Rice for Africa (NERICA),
known as Upland Rice, is already doing very well in Uganda andJapan is promoting its production within Uganda as well as toestablish the country as a regional Centre of Excellence in NERICA
production. NERICA has boosted household incomes, empowered
women, and improved child feeding, especially in Northern Uganda
where the World Food Programme (WFP) and Japan Government
are undertaking a joint programme to expand rice seedmultiplication. NERICA bears testament to the great impact that canbe achieved by targeted, sustained project support for agricultural
productivity at the rural level in Uganda.
Uganda envisages that the NERICA programme will also focus on
imparting good harvesting and post harvest measures including
agro-processing for export.
2. Achieving the Millennium Development Goals:
Japan has extended cooperation to Uganda in critical sectors as
follows:(A). Community Development/Empowerment:(i). One Village One Product:
In Uganda stimulating growth at community level is the key todevelopment and therefore the Government has implemented thezoning mechanism in which local communities specialize in nichehigh yield products based on the principle of comparative advantage.
Japan is promoting the One Village One Product (OVOP) movement
to supplement this zoning mechanism to empower the grassroots tobecome self sufficient.
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(ii). Safe and Clean Water Supply:
To provide replenishable water resources, which are critical tosustenance of human life, Japan is already undertaking
development projects to improve rural water supply and has
indicated the intention to consider support for the integral water
resource management plan in Lake Kyoga Basin. Japan is also
assisting in socio-economic development projects at grassroots level,
through the Grants Assistance for Grassroots Human Security
Projects (GGP).
(iii). Japanese Technical Assistance; Experts/Volunteers:
By the end of 2007, Japan had dispatched 18 Japanese technicalexperts attached to development projects in Uganda as well as 93
Japanese Overseas Cooperation Volunteers (JOCV) spending long(up to 2 years) and short terms in Uganda. They transmit skills incommunity development, local administration, education in
especially science and mathematics, automobile mechanics, healthcare including nursing, inter alia.
(iv). Post Conflict Consolidation in Northern Uganda:
The Government of Uganda is implementing the Peace Recovery
and Development Programme for Northern Uganda, as well as
developing a proposal on support for resettling displaced persons,former combatants and infrastructure development in the region,
which has been ravaged for over 20 years by atrocities meted by
the rebel group, the so called Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA).
Government continues to participate proactively in the Juba Peace
Process, which has led to a cessation of hostilities on the groundsince 2006.
Because Japan is an important partner, Uganda has sought thecountry’s intervention in the establishment of a model community
and improvement of infrastructure in Northern Uganda in line with
the PRDP.
Japan provides humanitarian aid for internally displaced persons,
including “Emergency Food Aid” through the World Food Programme(WFP) and emergency relief through UNICEF; training by JICA withsupport from WFP to set up fish ponds and rice cultivation fields;
provision of Multi-skills Training and Community Service Facilities
for Sustainable Livelihoods and Poverty Alleviation; as well as
Reintegration of Ex-combatants and Former Rebels through theUnited Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO).

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(B). Education and Human Resource Development:
Japan is involved in capacity development in education
management especially in science and math, construction of classrooms and dormitories in rural communities, promoting clean water
sources, supplying essential books and stationery for rural schools,
teacher training in science and math at secondary school level,
vocational training at the Nakawa Vocational Training Institute,which now produces about 200 graduates annually in the technicaland engineering fields and provision of approximately 141 technicalscholarships annually for Ugandans to train in various sectors inJapan and third countries.
Japan’s involvement in the education sector is comprehensive andoffers a solid contribution to human development in Uganda.
(C). Health and Medical Care:
The efforts being undertaken by Japan include the reinforcement ofhealth administration capacities as well as technical cooperation in
improvement of Health Infrastructure Management and control of
infectious diseases, focusing on HIV/AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis.
(D). Addressing Environmental Issues and Climate Change:
Japan has expressed interest in implementing its “Cool Earth
Partnership” in Uganda especially with regard to solar energy andsmall scale hydro energy and other clean energy sources. Uganda
has welcomed Japan’s offer to dispatch a Research Mission to
explore the solar energy potential, and would like it expanded toinclude mini-hydro plants. In designing measures to control climatechange account should be taken of adaptation, mitigation as well as
financial and technological transfer which support clean andrenewable sources of energy.
IV. CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN POST-TICAD IV
JAPAN-AFRICA AND JAPAN-UGANDA RELATIONS:The Yokohama Declaration makes a political statement regarding
the overall direction of the international community on African
development. It notes that there has been a positive trend in JapanAfrica under the TICAD process. It recognizes, however, that Africa
still faces challenges, including poverty and unemployment, lowagricultural productivity, poor infrastructure, increased food andenergy prices, negative effects of climate change, limited
industrialization, low energy and education levels, as well as
infectious diseases including HIV/AIDS.

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The following specific challenges and opportunities under postTICAD IV relations merit emphasis in Japan-Africa relations to real
results on the ground:1.
Boosting Japanese development assistance to Africa inboth grants and Yen loans in priority sectors. Opening the
TICAD IV Summit in Yokohama in May 2008, Prime Minister Yasuo
Fukuda announced that Japan intends to double its ODA to Africa by
2012. Over the next five years, therefore, Japan will channel ODA
soft loans of up to 4 billion US dollars to Africa to improve African
infrastructure including road networks, railways and ports, among
others.
In In July 2007, Japan granted Uganda a Yen 3.5 billion(approximately US$ 27.96 million) concessional loan for the
Bujagali Inter-Connection Project, which shall construct thetransmission infrastructure necessary to connect Bujagali power
plant to electricity node points e.g. Bujagali, Kawanda, Nalubale,
Tororo, Mutunde. This loan marked the end of the embargo Japanpreviously placed on long term lending to Uganda, which was placed
by Japan when Uganda got loan cancellation under HPIC.
Furthermore, the Japan Government in 2007 commenced
implementation of the Rural Electrification Phase II. The project has
been approved and implementation has already commenced in
Hoima, Kibaale and Masaka districts.
Following discussions at TICAD IV, Japan has agreed to provide
assistance to Uganda in key infrastructure projects including theconstruction of Nalubaale bridge on the River Nile at Jinja, whichconnects the East and Central African hinterland to the sea as wellas the 700 megawatt Ayago Dam in Northern Uganda. These
projects reflect Japan’s commitment to support projects that serve
the entire region including neighbours such as Sudan, Congo,
Rwanda and Kenya.
In addition, Japan will double its grant aid and technical cooperation
for Africa over the next five years. These ODA policy measurespresent huge opportunities for Africa to develop the vital strategic
foundations for development including infrastructure, technicalknowledge and technology transfer.
We need to more than double Japan ODA to Uganda as well as the
yen loan disbursement to build development infrastructure yet weface declining domestic support for Japan’s ODA Charter as well as
limited knowledge and understanding abroad of the impact ofJapan’s ODA. According to a poll conducted by Japan’s Cabinet
Office prior to revision of the ODA Charter in 2003, the percentage
of Japanese people having a positive attitude toward ODA dropped
from 43.2% in 1990 to 19.0%, while those who favored a reduction
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in ODA increased from 10.7 % to 25.5%. The reasons for thisabout-face in public opinion were clarified by the poll’s respondents:
74.7% of those who responded negatively to ODA referred toJapan’s sluggish economic conditions and 44.8% to Japan’s direfiscal situation, 37.5% reported that ODA implementation lacked
transparency, and 34.8% said that ODA was not effective enough.
Indeed, this led to a reduction in Japan’s overall ODA budget,meaning that the increase of assistance to Africa represents Japan’s
close strategic partnership with Africa in the new century.
It was therefore important against this background that TICAD IV
doubled Japan’s ODA to Africa targetting specific, results-oriented
ODA assistance stimulating socio-economic development and since
TICAD I in 1993, we have seen a rising understanding of Japan’s
critical contribution in the consciousness of the African public incountries such as Uganda where the positive results of Japanese
ODA are clearly visible. There is therefore a need for a clear
communications strategy relaying the strategic importance ofengaging with Africa to Japan’s national interest to the Japanesepublic.
2. Increasing Japanese private sector investment in Africa.
Japanese investment in Africa has been low, accounting for only
0.6% of Japan’s global outward stock. While recent UNCTAD
statistics show FDI inflows into Africa of U$ 31 billion in 2005 and
U$ 38.8 billion in 2006, Japan remains largely on the periphery of
FDI in Africa. In addition, Japanese investments in Africa are largely
concentrated in specific countries e.g. S. Africa, Morocco, Tunisia
and Egypt, with sub-Saharan Africa largely ignored in comparison.
Surveys by institutions such as JETRO* have shown that Japanesecompanies have hesitated to invest in Africa due to perceptions of
the size of the domestic African market, the availability ofinvestment destinations closer to home e.g. in other Asian countries
and the lack of a support network and weak linkages between FDI
and official development assistance (ODA).
However, this has thus far proved to be a bottleneck with dual
implications in Japan-Africa relations as the many investment
opportunities in Africa remain untapped and foreign firms fromother countries such as India and China move into Africa.
In Uganda, lucrative investment opportunities await Japanese firms
in countries in production and value added processing including
agricultural commodities such as fish, coffee, flowers, fruits andvegetables and forestry. Opportunities also exist in mining andenergy including oil, gold, diamonds, platinum group minerals andiron among others. Uganda has identified over 50 potential mini
* ‘Survey of Japanese Companies in Africa’ by Japan External Trade Organisation (JETRO), 2008.

14

hydropower sites for investments. Other opportunities exist in ICT,
pharmaceuticals, foods and beverages, livestock, metal and metal
products, dairy and dairy products etc**. Uganda has also
developed the necessary framework within which a private sectorled investment engine can grow with the creation in of the Uganda
Investment Authority as a one-stop centre for all procedural needsof the foreign investor from licensing to infrastructural support andhave passed enabling national investment legislation known as theInvestment Code. Currently, Government is discussing a Land Billthat will revolutionise the land tenure system in Uganda to enablelarge-scale leases and reverse the land fragmentation under the
traditional land tenure system.
TICAD IV opened a new era in that Japan introduced the African
Investment Facility, a new comprehensive investment-promotion
facility package aimed at doubling Japanese firms' direct investment
in Africa. From 2009, this facility under the Japan Bank forInternational Cooperation (JBIC) will avail up to US $2.5 billion(approximately 260 billion yen) to directly finance investments incountries such as Uganda and guarantee the financing provided by
Japanese banks for investments in Africa.
Uganda also intends to take advantage of the facility of tradeinsurance and a human resource-cultivation fund under the TICAD
IV commitments to develop natural resources, such as crude oil andrare metals, and to construct plants related to such resources, aswell as electricity business, all of which have a direct positive
impact on economic development in Uganda. These facilities oftrade insurance and debt guarantee have opened up low-risk
finance sources for Japanese private companies and we call on theJapanese private sector to take advantage of the opportunity.
Already, Phenix Logistics (U) Ltd, a Japanese-owned textile
company, received a loan worth US$ 5.2m from JBIC to upgrade its
production capacity and currently exports clothes to Japan inpartnership with Lee Japan Co. and the US. This is an investment
model that points the way for future Japanese private sector
investments in Uganda and Africa as a whole.
TICAD IV has also brought in the element of public-private
partnership to promote investments. In September this year, Japan
will send a joint economic mission to East Africa led by line Ministers
in METI and MOFA and Members of the House of Diet. The
revolutionary component will be that, for the first time, Japanese
private sector SMEs will travel to Uganda and other countries
alongside the Ministers and Parliamentary delegates to meet
Ugandan investors, manufacturers and businesspersons, to see
first-hand the opportunities available and to learn about the** Ref: Uganda Investment Authority: www.ugandainvest.com

15

regulatory framework for investments. We are confident that thisnew approach by Japan will greatly boost investment and Uganda istargeting at least three investments in sectors including agroprocessing, mining, alternative energy and others.
It is also important to note that post-TICAD IV, Japanese ODA will
be re-oriented to support Japanese investments in an integrated
manner e.g. road networks linked to Japanese private sector
investments in Africa, thus optimizing the cost of doing business inAfrica for Japanese companies and significantly increase FDI inflows
from Japan. In Uganda, we are focusing on construction of a new
bridge over the River Nile at Jinja, upgrading the East African
railway network as well as energy supply by building the Ayago dam.
Under TICAD, Japan is taking the lead in mobilizing international
support for such projects in Uganda and across Africa with hugebenefits regionally and across the continent.
The Private Sector, which is the driving force behind economic
growth, is still quite weak in many parts of Africa. It therefore needs
to strengthened through technology and technical transfer;cooperation and partnership through inter-regional trade expansion
as well as between Asian and African companies (South – South
Cooperation) through networking and linkages; skills development
and access to credit.
3.
Promoting tourism: Approximately 19 million Japanese
tourists travel abroad annually and the Japanese tourist market is ahighly lucrative one on a global scale and is actively courted aroundthe world. East Africa, however, is just beginning to be appreciatedby Japanese tourists as a tourist destination in Japan. Uganda for
instance has seen a rise in Japanese tourists from just 500 tourists
in 2004/05 to approximately 1000 in 2007/08 valued at US $ 2.9m.
Kenya receives over 10,000 Japanese tourists annually.
Opportunities to invest in tourism infrastructure abound in Uganda
for the Japanese private sector e.g. hotels and lodges,
communication and other infrastructure geared towards meetingthe standards of Japanese and other tourists. Uganda is alreadyabundantly blessed with niche tourist attractions such as flora andfauna, rivers, falls, unique culture and various sight-seeing
attractions and post-TICAD IV, we look for increasing investmentsin the tourism infrastructure. Japanese private companies will beable to access low-risk JBIC funding and Uganda Government
support to ensure the success of these investments.
In addition, Uganda’s tourism efforts in Japan previously suffered aperception challenge due to the security situation in Northern
Uganda situation. Influential bodies such as Japan Ministry ofForeign Affairs as well as the large tour agencies including Japan
16

Association of Travel Agents (JATA) and Japan Travel Bureau (JTB)
therefore discouraged Japanese nationals visiting Uganda on
security grounds. However, this position was not regularly reviewed
to reflect actual conditions on the ground. Following discussions, inJuly 2007 the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs improved its
security rating of Uganda from Level 4 to Level 3. However, thistravel advisory still does not reflect the peace and stability in
Uganda almost two years since the return of total peace andsecurity even in the remotest areas of Northern Uganda and thepost-TICAD IV engagement shall see Uganda holding discussions
with our Japanese partners to review such ratings to reflect actual
situations on the ground since it has deterred many Japanese fromvisiting Uganda inspite of the peace and stability prevailing in
Uganda.
We also intend to continue and even boost our tourism promotion
activities in Japan including publicity through trade fairs andexhibitions and publications e.g. brochures in the Japanese
language. Uganda actively participates in exhibitions such as theJapan Association of Travel Agents (JATA) World Travel Fair in
Odaiba every September, which is the world’s largest travel fair.
Post-TICAD IV, Uganda continues to call on Japanese tour agencies
to promote tours to Uganda as well as a joint East African
destination package since these agencies influence the travel plansof the vast majority of Japanese tourists. We have invited officials
from JATA, JTB and similar companies to visit Uganda andpersonally assess the tourism attractions and security situation on
the ground with a view to promoting tours to Uganda among their
Japanese clientele instead of relying on certain perceptions that
may have been formed during the negative periods of instability,
which ended clost to 30 years ago and have do not reflect theexisting security and stability in today’s Uganda. Currently,
Japanese tour agencies such as Doososhin Co. offer niche packages
to Uganda including mountain gorilla tours, safari drives and R. Nile
tours and the interest in Uganda among Japanese tourists willcontinue to increase in the post-TICAD IV environment.
4.
Boosting Trade: Under the World Trade Organisation Doha
Round, discussions continue with developed countries like Japan on
improving market access for exports from developing countries.
Indeed, Japan in 2003 granted duty-free and tariff-free access for
175 agricultural products from developing countries including
Uganda to its market. However, such facilities are hamstrung by
supply side challenges as well as Japanese regulatory and standards
bottlenecks that translate into negligible actual Japanese
importation from Africa and Uganda.

17

Post-TICAD IV engagement between Japan and countries such as
Uganda should meet challenges of increasing FDI inflows especiallyto add value to export commodities through processing
commodities before export. Currently, for example, a Ugandancoffee farmer/exporter loses most of the potential revenue byexporting raw coffee at about US$ 1, which is then roasted andpacked abroad and sold at upto US$20 abroad or even resold in
Uganda at triple the price of unprocessed beans. In all such cases, itis the producers in developing countries such as Uganda who‘donate’ revenue to processors in the developed world and economic
development of Africa. Japanese investment in processing in Africa
e.g. Phenix Textile Co. Ltd in Uganda are the blueprint for meeting
supply side challenges.
On the market access side, exports from Uganda face the challengeof entry into the Japanese market due to a regulatory framework inJapan that often rejects such items on the basis of standards andcertification. In the post-TICAD process, Uganda will focus on
working with partners such as JETRO on mechanisms to build
capacity for boosting quality of export products to meet thestandards of the Japanese market through dispatching expert
consultants to the Uganda National Bureau of Standards to work on
certification and quality control issues. JETRO should therefore
cooperate in sensitization on Japanese import regulations andprocedures as well as supply side standards e.g. production andpackaging quality.
Ultimately, our vision under TICAD IV is to work with partners suchas JETRO to establish in Uganda a quality control laboratory
responsible for standards and certification, which would serve as aregional centre of excellence serving the whole East and Central
African region. It is only through such facilities that commodities
from Uganda and other countries will be able to gain entry to thelucrative Japanese markets. This would also reduce prices toJapanese consumers due to Uganda’s comparative in producing
certain commodities e.g. fruits such as bananas, beef, organic
coffee and cotton etc. TICAD IV should therefore yield actual results.
Furthermore, Japanese support for the movement of labour should
be an aspect of Uganda-Japan relations in the area of trade under
TICAD. Uganda’s labour force working overseas has now overtaken
coffee as Uganda’s largest foreign exchange earner worth over
US$ 1billion per annum. Japan on the other hand is devisingmechanisms to mitigate the effects of a declining labour force due
to demographic trends. It is important that cooperation becommenced with partners such as Uganda who have an abundanceof skilled labour to boost Japan’s workforce with skilled and semiskilled Ugandan labour. Already, Japan is pursuing similar programswith other countries e.g. with the Philippines in the nursing sector.
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Japan should therefore consider reviewing its immigration andlabour policies by extending such programmes to Uganda and Africa
under which our abundant and well-trained workers can gain
employment in Japan on a quota system for a restricted period of,say, 2-3 years each in various areas e.g. health, agriculture andothers. Such facilities will have a tremendous impact on economic
growth in Uganda, meet Japan’s labour force challenges and ensurethat such workers return to Uganda at the end of their period inJapan with important skills and resources that can be ploughed backinto investments and even exports to the Japanese market as wellas transferring their high-level skills to other Ugandan workers.
It is through such specific and practical mechanisms that Uganda
and Japan can seize the opportunities of TICAD IV and translatethem into actual economic development through trade.
5.
Transfer of Technology and Technical knowledge: The
TICAD process has greatly influenced transfer of technology andtechnical know-how between Japan and Africa. The Japan
International Cooperation Agency (JICA) has been at the forefrontof implementing Japan’s technical assistance through training inengineering, health and other vital sectors.
In 2006/07, for instance, JICA availed 141 scholarships to
Ugandans to study in Japan and elsewhere. JICA also dispatched 18
Japanese technical experts attached to development projects in
Uganda as well as 93 Japanese Overseas Cooperation Volunteers(JOCV) to disseminate knowledge in science/math education,
irrigation, environment, mechanics and trade promotion. Japan also
supports the Nakawa Vocational Training Institute in Uganda, which
is now a regional centre for excellence in technical vocational
training.
At TICAD IV, Prime Minister Fukuda noted that Africa is facing ashortage of as many as 1.5 million health workers. This situation isexacerbated by factors such as brain drain of African professionals
to developed countries. The Prime Minister announced that Japan
will train one hundred thousand people in Africa over the next five
years as health workers and promote sensitisation on health issues
in Africa.
As will be detailed later in this document, climate change is an area
in which very critical cooperation between Japan and Africa will beseen in the post-TICAD IV landscape. A triangulation of initiatives
by Uganda, Japan under TICAD and other Asian countries e.g.
Malaysia under the the New Asia-Africa Partnership framework isnecessary for shared experiences and logistical support on
production standards and skills development. This triangulation will
also bring resources and know-how for transfer of appropriate
19technology to develop a low emissions development model
dependent on clean, renewable energy i.e. the ‘new economy’ .
In the face of increasing food and energy prices, Japan and Africa
agreed at TICAD IV to cooperate on promoting food security bysupporting agriculture in food-producing countries. Uganda is apotential regional food basket and cooperation with Japan should
continue in various measures to promote a ‘green revolution’ of
increased agricultural productivity through training and research byincreasing support to the regional centres of excellence in Uganda
e.g. Namulonge NERICA research centre (NERICA rice) and Nakawa
Vocational Training Institute (technical/vocational training),
exchange programmes, introduction of clean, renewable technology,
developing irrigation systems, improving the varieties of crops
raised, fostering extension workers in the field of agriculture. This
program aims to increase agricultural productivity e.g. by doubling
the current rice production output of 14 million tons over the nextten years. Uganda’s production of NERICA rice, introduced underJapanese Grant Aid, has proven a highly successful economic
activity.
Private Japanese investment in technical planning will also greatly
boost the ‘green revolution. Partner organizations such as the the
Nippon Foundation are a key component. Over the past 22 years,
The Nippon Foundation has funded the Sasakawa-Global 2000
(SG2000) programme, which has worked with small-scale farmers
in 14 African countries including Uganda to increase and diversify
their food crops and improve rural livelihoods including one-stop
centres, demonstration farms and cooperatives. To strengthen thecapacity of agricultural extension services, the Nippon Foundation
has funded education programmes for mid-career extension
workers at 13 universities and colleges in nine African countries. To
date nearly 2,300 students have graduated or are currently
benefiting from the programme, an important model for JapanAfrica cooperation in the future.
Linkage between African educational institutions and Japanesecounterparts in research and exchange programmes is a further
area of cooperation that should be strengthened in the post-TICAD
IV environment. Currently, Makerere University and Waseda
University have a partnership programme involving scholarships
and student exchanges. Project cooperation and research has also
developed successfully between Makerere and Hiroshima University
to develop banana paper. Uganda is also working with Tokyo’s
Tama Art University on the development of banana textile and the
University’s has produced results that could have huge potential
benefits for industrial development in Uganda.

206. Cooperation on Climate Change ‘Cool Earth Partnership’:At the 2007 Heiligendamm G8 Summit, Japan proposed the ‘Cool
Earth 50’ strategy aimed at reducing global greenhouse gas
emissions by at least half by 2050 and establishing a post-Kyoto
international framework to address global warming after 2012.
The African continent contributes the least to global emissions andyet is the hardest hit in immediate terms by climate change. At
TICAD IV, Africa called on the developed countries to take measures
to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases. There is also a needto support the development ambitions of developing countries suchas Uganda with appropriate environmentally-friendly technology e.g.
solar, bio-fuels and hydropower through partnership with Japan
Government and Japanese investors. Uganda is still at the initialstage of development and recognises that we should not follow theold carbon-based economic development model used in Asia andelsewhere but should adopt a low-carbon development model i.e.
the ‘new economy’, which involves the use of new sources of clean
and renewable energy e.g. solar and hydro energy, bio-fuels. In
Uganda, Japan has agreed to provide soft loans to develop the 700
MW Ayago Dam, which will supply cross-border energy and greatly
reduce widespread deforestation for firewood.
Both at TICAD IV and at the 2008 G8 Summit in Toyako, Hokkaido,
Japan outlined the Cool Earth Partnership∗∗∗, under which it intends
to engage in assistance to developing countries, including Africancountries that aim to achieve both greenhouse gas emissions
reductions and economic growth in a compatible way. To this end,
Prime Minister Fukuda announced financial mechanisms worth
US$ 10 billion over the course of five years from 2008 aimed atrealising low carbon development projects in Africa by availing
US$ 2 billion for adaptation and US$ 8 billion for mitigation
measures.
On the international front, while the G8 Toyako Summit did notconclude agreements on mid-term specific reduction targets, it
developed a clear long-term direction on the issue. Furthermore,
the G8 leaders at Toyako reiterated their support for the Climate
Investment Funds administered by the World Bank, which aims toprevent deforestation and promote ‘new economies’ in developing
countries while increasing global reliance on clean energy throughthe Clean Technology Fund and the Strategic Climate Fund. Other
facilities such as JBIC’s Facility for Asian Cooperation on
Environment (FACE) offer pointers on global cooperation to reduce
emissions and promote economically sustainable development in a∗∗∗ http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/environment/warm/cop/index.html ;http://www.mofa.go.jp/policy/environment/warm/coolearth50/index.html

21

post-Kyoto world. It is therefore clear that the world has woken up
to the issue of climate change.
Japan has initiated policy policy consultations with Uganda andother African countries on projects to build low-emissions
economies under Cool Earth as well as to formulate a post-2012
framework in which the major economies participate in a
responsible manner, with a view to mitigating the negative impactsof climate change on developing countries in Africa and elsewhere.
Under the Kyoto Protocol, the Japanese private sector can sponsor
carbon projects that provide a reduction in greenhouse gas
emissions in Uganda as a way of generating tradeable carbon
credits. The Protocol allows this through Clean Development
Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI) projects. Japan
has already initiated dialogue on this and Uganda is drawing up acomprehensive policy within the trading scheme to participate.
Uganda therefore believes that combating climate change requires a
two-pronged approach:(i) Developing countries e.g. Uganda tackling deforestationand focusing on developing low carbon societies through clean,renewable energy, and(ii) Developed countries reducing their greenhouse gas
emissions as well as supporting access to clean technology bydeveloping countries based on the new economy model.
Indeed, Japan has proven to be a world leader in energy efficiency
and developing a technological base for sustainable developmentthat enabled it to cut its own emissions while at the same time
doubling its GDP. Japan-Africa cooperation, if triangulated withappropriate techonology from other Asian countries will be vital in
post-TICAD IV development of a ‘new economy’ in Uganda.
7.
Support for Regional Economic Integration: Uganda hastaken a leadership role on regional integration as a means to
mitigate the historical fragmentation of the African market and pool
together resources for regional economic development. With apopulation of over 900milllion, the potentially huge African internalmarket has faced artificial restrictions on trade and the movementof factors of production since it is divided into 53 countries.
The integration of these economies under the various regional
economic blocs (RECs) is therefore a vital step to overcome thesechallenges. Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania founded the East African
Community (EAC) in 2000. In 2007, Rwanda and Burundi alsojoined the Community, which now has population of 120 million ona land area of 1.85 million sq kilometres with a combined GDP of22

$ 41 billion. The EAC became a Customs Union in 2004 and istargeting the establishment of a common market by 2010,
subsequently a monetary union by 2012 and ultimately an East
African political federation.
The EAC has developed standardized policies across the region
including joint policies on FDI, Tourism, Trade, ICT etc. These joint
policies are a huge advantage to private investors since theytranslate into region-wide investment opportunities, regulations andmarket access to the entire region.
Japanese companies and SMEs have an opportunity to establish
ventures in East Africa and access the tariff-free market of over 120
million people, a large pool of low-cost, skilled labour withunhindered movement of people and goods across borders as wellas concessionary investment terms supported by East African
governments, local joint venture partners and JBIC investment
finances and insurance in a secure and stable region. In July 2006,
JBIC produced the ‘Blue Book for Investment in East Africa’ sharing
best practices to attract Japanese investors and we look forward toincreased cooperation such as the Joint Economic Mission to bringto the attention of Japanese investors the opportunities in the EAC.
Under TICAD, Japan should engage with Uganda and other EAC
countries to deliver regional projects in key areas of infrastructuresuch as energy e.g. Ayago and Bujagali power plants, roads/rail e.g.
the Kenya-Uganda (Northern Corridor) and Tanzania-Uganda(Southern Corridor) lines, which are vital to transport of goods andpeople from the entire hinterland including Rwanda, Congo, Sudan,
Burundi and beyond. Partnership with Japan should also deliver vital
investments in regional ICT, trade promotion and otheropportunities. A key aspect of this cooperation will be for Japan tochannel its Yen loan facility directly through the East African
Development Bank (EADB) and Uganda Development Bank in orderto ensure interest rates and operational costs of JBIC’s soft loans
remain low.
Uganda believes that a gradual approach to African integration
through the strengthening of RECs is the best approach to build
sustainable partnerships across Africa and we look forward to
Japan’s continued engagement in supporting regional projects aswell as Japanese investors taking advantage of the myriad
opportunities in the East African region.
8.
Consolidation of Peace and Security: Under TICAD, Japanand Africa have cooperated on measures to consolidate peace andsecurity and this was a key outcome of TICAD IV in Yokohama as
well.
23

Under TICAD, it was noted that most of the long-running conflicts in
Africa are being resolved due to Africa's own enhanced efforts toresolve and manage its conflicts, through various initiatives by theAfrican Union (AU) and regional organizations, supported throughpartnerships with the international community. Japan has however
noted that several of these conflicts flare up again after resolution
due to a weakness in the post-conflict consolidation and this iswhere TICAD has focused. The 2006 TICAD Ministerial Conference
on Consolidation of Peace that took place on February in Addis
Ababa noted that three key areas of peace consolidation are
security,
political
governance/transition,andcommunity
reconstruction/socio-economic development.
In Uganda, discussions are underway with Japan regarding theconsolidation of peace and security in Northern Uganda
resettlement of internally displaced persons and ex-combatants aswell as community reconstruction to stimulate economic
development as a foundation for lasting peace in Northern Uganda.
In addition, under South-South Cooperation framework, Japan andother Asian countries are sharing conflict-resolution/peace
consolidation experiences with Africa.
African countries have assumed greater responsibility for managing
conflict resolution in joint efforts across the continent. In February
2007, the AU formed the African Union Mission to Somalia(AMISOM) with the approval of the United Nations Security Council.
Uganda is leading the AMISOM peacekeeping operation, which is astabilisation force to support Somalia’s transitional governmental
structures, implement a national security plan, train the Somali
security forces, and to assist in creating a secure environment forthe delivery of humanitarian aid. Uganda is also an active
contributor of personnel and logistics to the United Nations African
Union Mission in Darfur (UNAMID) peacekeeping operation. Uganda
was also a key facilitator of the successful peace talks that led to
the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) in Sudan and was leadfacilitator in the Burundi peace process that ended civil wars inthose countries.
These efforts reflect Uganda and Africa’s commitment to tackling
African peace issues with full commitment and responsibility tosolve African issues. However, there is need for increased
partnership with friends such as Japan to ensure that thesepeacekeeping missions have the necessary logistical and related
requirements. The Uganda-led AU/UN peacekeeping operation in
Somalia, for instance, is estimated to cost approximately US$ 335
million p.a.
An opportunity therefore exists under TICAD for Japan to take aleadership role in promoting international peace and security by24

supporting such peacekeeping activities, which deliver security andstability to millions across the continent.
V. CONCLUSION:
The TICAD process has evolved over the last fifteen years into acomprehensive mechanism with greater commitments andachievements.
For the first time there has been agreed a clear plan of with
implementation mechanisms and strategy as well as a Follow-Up
mechanism, which will monitor implementation in the mid- and longterm of the Yokohama Declaration to ensure steady implementationof initiatives and improve accountability. TICAD IV broadened the
TICAD development partnership into a more action-oriented process.
At the TICAD IV Summit, the clear and strong commitment of boththe Government of Japan and Uganda and other African countries
was clearly demonstrated and this will no doubt ensure even closer
cooperation and mutual engagement in the post-TICAD IV period tomeet challenges and grasp opportunities jointly. Uganda’ s focus in
relations with Japan in the post-TICAD IV period will therefore be tomove forward with actual projects that fulfill the spirit of the
Yokohama Declaration and enables business to flourish between our
two countries as well as cooperating on issues of mutual concern to
our two peoples such as climate change within the TICAD
framework.
Uganda is ready and looks forward to working with Japan as our
strategic partner to commence the actual programmes and work on
the ground with Japan as our strategic partner.
Arigatoo gozaimasu!

Delivered at the Foundation for Advanced Studies on International Development, Tokyo,
Japan.
Embassy of the Republic of Uganda
Tokyo

25

1 August 200826