High Density Matter from QCD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MTvgnYGu9bg

第27回 理論懇シンポジウム 「理論天文学・宇宙物理学と境界領域」
2014年 12月24日(水)Tetsuo Hatsuda (RIKEN)The progress of science requires the growth ofunderstanding in both directions, downward from the wholeto the parts and upward from the parts to the whole.
From “The Scientist as Rebel” by Freeman J. Dyson

nucleus
Neutron starr ～1 [fm]r ～10 [fm]r ～10 [km]Plan of this Talk
1. Introduction : phase structure of QCD
2. Baryon forces from Lattice QCD (LQCD)
Inoue et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], PRL 106 (2011) 162002

3. Nuclear & Neutron Matter from LQCD
Inoue et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], PRL 111 (2013) 112503

4. Finite Nuclei from LQCD
Inoue et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], arXiv: 1408.4892

5. Summary

QCD Phase Structure
Physics ofEarly Universe

K. Fukushima, T. Hatsuda,
Rep. Prog. Phys. 74 (2011)

LHC @ CERNRHIC @ BNL

KAGRA

J-PARC

Physics ofNeutron stars
and Black holes

From QCD to Hot Matter

Quantum Chromo Dynamics

Lattice QCD

Equation of State for Hot Matter
Relativistichydrodynamics

Relativistic heavy-Ion collisions

Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC/LHC・ high temp.: T ~ 4 x 1012 K・ low viscosity: η/s ~ 1/4π

From QCD to Dense Matter

Quantum Chromo Dynamics
Lattice gauge simulations

signproblem

Phenomenological
nuclear force

Baryon interactions
Many-bodytechniques

Equation of State for Hot Matter
Relativistichydrodynamics

Relativistic heavy-Ion collisions

Equation of State for Dense Matter
General relativity

Neutron stars

Nuclear Force and dense EOS （nucleons only）

E/A (MeV)

Akmal, Pandharipande & Ravenhall, PRC58 (’98)

Z=0
N=Zρ(fm-3)

ρ0= 0.16 fm-33ρ05ρ0

Phenomenological nuclear force

Mass-Radius relation of N☆ （nucleons only）

NNNJ1614-2230(ρmax ～ 6ρ0)

PSR1913+16

NN
Oppenheimer-Volkov(1939)

Pressure balance
Fermi pressure
Repulsive coregravityHyperonCrisis of(Takatsukaet al., 2002) only）
Mass-Radiusrelation
N☆ （nucleonsNNNJ1614-2230(ρmax ～ 6ρ0)
hyperons

PSR1913+16

NN

HyperonmixtureOppenheimer-Volkov(1939)

Pressure balance
Fermi pressure
Repulsive coregravityHyperon Crisis

Hyperon matter

Schaffner-Bielich, Nucl. Phys.A 835, 279 (2010)

Masuda, Hatsuda & Takatsuka,
Astrophysical Journal Letters 764 (2013) 12

From QCD to Hot/Dense Matter

Quantum Chromo Dynamics
signproblem

Lattice
QCD simulations

Baryon interactions
Many-bodytechniques

Equation of State for Hot Matter
Relativistichydrodynamics

Relativistic heavy-Ion collisions

Equation of State for Dense Matter
General relativity

Neutron stars

Precision QCD

Running masses: mq(Q)quark masses(from lattice QCD)

Running coupling: αs(Q)=g2/4π[MeV](MS-bar @ 2GeV)mu

2.16 (9)(7)md

4.68 (14)(7)

ms93.8 (2.4)

FLAG Collaboration update( July 26, 2013)
http://itpwiki.unibe.ch/flag/

PDG (2012) http://pdg.lbl.gov/

Hadron masses (2008)
mπ > 190 MeV

BMW Collaboration, Science 322 (2008) 1224

Hadron masses (2013)
mπ =135 MeV with QEDBMW Coll.: Phys.Rev.Lett. 111 (2013) 252001

HPCI Program (FY2011-2015) Field 5: All Japan Computational Physics Collaboration

The Origin of Matter and the Universe(particle physics – nuclear physics – astrophysics, 11 institutions)

11 Pflops K Computer (RIKEN)
Lattice 2015 (July)
Quark Matter 2015 (Oct.)

Project 1: Baryon-Baryon interaction from lattice QCD
Project 2: Nuclear quantum many-body calculation
Project 3: Supernova explosion and black-hole formation
Project 4: First stars and galaxies

Present un-physical point simulation
for single and multi-baryons

On-going physical point simulation
for single and multi-baryons in K

NEXT YEAR’S TALK
Stay Tuned !!
TODAY’S TALK
0.121 fm x32 = 3.9 fm
mπ=350-1200 MeV

0.084 fm x96 = 8.1 fm
Mπ ~150 MeV

格子QCD

quarks q
on the sites

gluons Uμ=exp(iagAμ)on the links

K. Wilson(1936-2013)

aL4-dim.
EuclideanLattice• well defined statistical system (finite a and L)• gauge invariant• fully non-perturbative

Numerical simulations

Baryon Forces from LQCD

Univ. Tsukuba
Univ. Tokyo
RIKEN
Nihon Univ.
YITP (Kyoto)
RCNP (Osaka)
BirjandT. Miyamoto, H. Nemura, K. Sasaki, M. Yamada
B. Charron
T. Doi, T. Hatsuda, Y. Ikeda, V. Krejcirik
T. Inoue
S. Aoki, T. Iritani
N. Ishii, K. Murano
F. Etminan

Review: “Lattice QCD Approach to Nuclear Physics”
HAL QCD Collaboration, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012 (2012) 01A105

Hadronic correlations in LQCD

JyJ

spacex

Imaginary time

Finite Volume Method :HAL QCD Method

E0 (L)  phase shiftφ(r,t)  kernel  phase shift

Luescher, Nucl. Phys. B354 (1991) 531

Ishii, Aoki & Hatsuda, PRL 99 (2007) 022001
Comp. Sci. Dis. 1 (2009) 015009
HAL QCD Coll., PLB 712 (2012) 437

BB Forces in 3-flavor QCD

HAL QCD Coll.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 162002
Nucl. Phys. A881 (2012) 28

PP (uud-uud) channelH (uds-uds) channel(partial) Pauli blocking

No Pauli blocking

Pauli and van der Waarlsat work !

BB Forces in 3-flavor QCD

HAL QCD Coll.
Phys. Rev. Lett. 106 (2011) 162002
Nucl. Phys. A881 (2012) 28

PP (uud-uud) channel

H (uds-uds) channel(partial) Pauli blocking

No Pauli blocking

Pauli and van der Waarls
at work !

Nuclear Matter, Neutron Matter & Finite Nuclei
from LQCD + BHF

Nuclear EOS from Lattice NN force + BHF calculation(NN force: 1S0, 3S1, 3D1 channels only)
HAL QCD Coll., Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 112503

Nuclear Matter

Neutron MatterNeutron Star from “Lattice EOS”

N=0,S=0

HAL QCD Coll.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 112503

Neutron Star from “Lattice EOS”

Mmax/M☉

N=0,S=0
N=Z,S=0R [km]HAL QCD Coll.,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111 (2013) 112503

Finite Nuclei from Lattice NN force + BHF calculation(NN force: 1S0, 3S1, 3D1 channels only)
Inoue et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], arXive 1408.4892

Bound nuclei start to appear from mπ=470 MeV

Nuclear Binding Energy from Lattice NN Force
Inoue et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], arXive 1408.4892

Bethe-Weizacker behavior at mπ=470 MeVav=-5.5 MeV (exp: -15.7 MeV)
as= 6.65 MeV (exp: 18.6 MeV)

SVM

BHF

冷却原子を用いた中性子星の実験室シミュレーション？
重力ＭＯＴ~10km~1 mm

・ ハドロン相とクォーク相のクロスオーバー⇔ 冷却 ボース原子-冷却フェルミ原子混合気体
Maeda, Baym & Hatsuda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (2009) 085301

・ π中間子凝縮 ⇔ 冷却双極子原子（分子）気体
Meada, Baym & Hatsuda, Phys. Rev. A 87 (2013) 021604(R)meson-condensation in ultracold dipolar atoms
Neutronstar

Meson condensate (SDW)
by tensor force

Maeda, Baym, Hatsuda(2012)

Trappedcold atoms

Dipole density wave (DDW)by dipole force(e.g. 163Dy, 161Dy)

Hadron-Quark Phase Transition
and the role ofQuark-Gluon“Diquarks”
Plasma〈qq〉〈qq〉
Attractive Bose-Fermi Mixture

Nuclear superfluid⇔ Fermion+Diquark ⇔ Diquark superfluid

Induced superfluid⇔ Fermi-Bose mixture
Maeda, Baym & Hatsuda,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 (’09)

まとめ理論格子ＱＣＤ計算＋量子多体論

冷却原子気体
テーブルトップシミュレータ

観測
Ｘ線、電波ニュートリノ、重力波実験(RIBF, J-PARCなど）
基礎データ

Present un-physical point simulation
for single and multi-baryons

On-going physical point simulation
for single and multi-baryons in K

NEXT YEAR’S TALKStay Tuned !!
TODAY’S TALK
0.121 fm x32 = 3.9 fm
mπ=350-1200 MeV

0.084 fm x96 = 8.1 fm
Mπ ~150 MeV

END