ALIS_4D
and the relation to EISCAT_3D and IRF
Observatory
Urban Brändström,1 Asta Pellinen-Wannberg,2 Maria Hamrin,2 Natuschka Lee2 ,Peter Sköld2 and Johan Kero1 (on application, but many more)
1

Swedish Institute for Space Physics (IRF)
2Umeå University (UmU)

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 1

First some backgroundIRF 2017-10-05 – p. 2

Facilities in the region

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 3

E3D Complementary instr.
• High-quality spectroscopic imaging systems (bestparts of ALIS and MIRACLE) (Finland, Sweden)• Sensitive spectrographs (UNIS Svalbard)• Scanning Doppler-Imaging FPI:s with overlapping

fields of view. (UCL, ESRANGE, SGO, Norway)• Heating-facility (EISCAT, Norway)• Standard monitoring instruments: Magnetometers,All-sky cameras, Riometers, Ionosondes (Finland,Norway, Sweden)• VLF/HF/GPS receivers (SGO, Finland and nearby)• Backscatter radars (CUTLASS: Finland, IcelandNorway)

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 4

EISCAT_3D Science case
• The string “optic” occurs 46 times in 122

pages• Table 1 “EISCAT_3D radar performancerequirements” p. 107–109: Optics required in70 % (16 of 23) listed science topics .

Optical measurements are a requirement for
EISCAT_3D!
new-moon periods are popular! (Gustavsson,present EISCAT)
There are clear and solid scientific objectives for
optical instruments!
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 5

Expect the unexpected• High-latitide RIOE [Brändström et al., 1999].

Tomography of RIOE [Gustavsson et al., 2001]• Water in leonid meteor trail[Pellinen-Wannberg et al., 2004]• RIOE in all emissions [Gustavsson et al., 2005,2006]• X-mode optical effects (Sergienko et al. [2013];

Blagoveshchenskaya et al. [2014])

EISCAT is used in nearly all publications using
ALIS data (≈ 44)
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 6

Gustavsson 2013

After Gustavsson 2013

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 7

ALIS_4D

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 8

ALIS_4D objectives• Scientific objectives: See EISCAT_3D

Science case! (Aurora/RIOE/Meteors andmore, Appendix A1 and A3 if lazy.)• A Swedish contribution to complementary

instruments for EISCAT_3D• ALIS is old and in urgent need ofreplacement, will be decomissioned spring
2019, infrastructure re-used for ALIS_4D.

• _4D: Much improved temporal resolution> 25 FPS, and the tight connection toEISCAT_3D (but also ESRANGE!).

• (ALIS_4D is a name, not an acronym).
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 9

ALIS_4D• Phase I (done): Replace CCD heads, increased

temporal resolution, continous measurements.
(Skipped re-use of old ALIS optics which would lead toa reduction in the FoV from ≈ 60◦ to ≈ 30◦ ).
• Phase II (now): New optical systems, increase

FoV ≈ 150◦ . Early operations with EISCAT, sounding
rockets, etc. from ≈ fall 2019
• Total investment for phase I–II is ≈ 2 MSEK.

Generously funded by Kempestiftelserna, departmentof Physics at Umeå University and IRF.
• Phase III (2020?): More stations in coordination withEISCAT_3D and Norway/Finland.
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 10

ALIS_4D timeline (1)Jun 2016

First ideas (UB/APW)

Sep 2016

Applications to Kempe/UmU

Nov 2016

Investment funding granted

Mar 2017

Procurement of imager heds begins

May 2017

Order for four Andor EMCCD imager heads
Andor DU-888U3-CS0-#BV (Azpect AB)

Jun 2017

Procurement of optical systems begins

Sep 2017

Delivery of 4 EMCCD imager heads
acceptance tests begins
Order for 4 optical systems FoV ≈ 150◦
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 11

ALIS_4D timeline (2)Oct 2017

First light, lab. tests
Hardware/Op. software work begins

Mar 2018

Delivery of 4 optical systems
Integration begins (filterwheels)
Op. software/analysis code

Fall 2018

Calibration/qualification
Early operations?

Sep 2019

Operation begins (preliminary)
EISCAT/Heating/BROR/SPIDER2

2021

EISCAT_3D operations begins
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 12

The ALIS_4D imager

Modified Keo Scientific Sentry 3 imager
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 13

ALIS_4D sites
NorwayBFinlandASNKOE

SwedenMTI

Legend:Operational
Standby
Deployed

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 14

ALIS/ALIS_4D
ALIS

ALIS_4D phase II

4 CCD ≈ 60◦

4 EMCCD ≈ 150◦

1 EMCCD ≈ 30◦

1 EMCCD ≈ 30◦(1 EMCCD ≈ 15◦ )(1 EMCCD ≈ 15◦ )10242 ≈ 100m

10242 ≈ 750m

2562 ≈ 500m

5122 ≈ 1.5km

Time12 FPM> 25 FPS

Mode

Campaign only

monitoring/campaign

FoV

Res

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 15

Sensitivity and speed

Res.
Hz R/countλc
ALIS (CCD)
10242 0.04
13.4 5577Å
ALIS (CCD)
2562 0.2
0.78 5577Å
ALIS (CCD)
2562 0.2
1.74 4278Å
ALIS_4D (EMCCD) 10242 16.5
6 5577Å
ALIS_4D (EMCCD) 10242
250.5 5577Å
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 16

Data production
Hz resolution GiB/h total GiB/h GiB/night
0.1
2562 0.02
0.09
10.1
5122 0.09
0.4
60.1
10242 0.35
14.1
22
1
2562 0.22
0.88
141
5122
0.9
3.51
56
1
10242
3.5
14.06
225
25
2562
1144352
25
5122
44
176
1406
2510242
176
703
5625
“Harddisks are either new or full” [Gustavsson]
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 17

Conclusions ALIS_4D• Yes! Finally!
• Faster, more sensitive and easier to handle than ALIS
• Compatiple with Norwegian (UiT) and Finnish (SGO/FMI)

efforts• Long time monitoring (similar to MIRACLE) and dedicatedcampaign operations.
• EISCAT_3D is a strong scientific focus for STP andObservatory at IRF• Some data storage and handling challenges• Still there (funded) when EISCAT_3D starts?
• Funding! Long term operations, upgrades, more stations,

positions, . . . VR Behovsinventering 2017, application 2019?
(if on roadmap)

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 18

Complementary instruments forEISCAT_3D

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 19

Hoping for synergies• One integrated system, one set of data andmeta-data formats• One user interface!
• Integrated scheduling• Integrated and (semi-) automatic dataanalysis.

• Funding and operations simplified. Everything

does not depend on a single reserach group.

• Scientific capabilities are HUGE compared toinvestment cost!

• Integrated data-analysis (standarddata-products)

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 20

Conclusions (complementary)• Coordination/Collaboration Norway, Sweden, Finland,Japan, U. K. and others?
• Should be complementary for rockets and balloons too?
• Responsibility? Who makes sure that we havecomplementary instruments? Somebody else?
• Funding: The funding landscapes is very unclear!
• Staff: We are very few! Urgent need for positions now!

(young scientists)!
• Observatory mode vs. campaign mode
• Same infrastructure can be used for different instruments

IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 21

Thank you!

Work in progress!
IRF 2017-10-05 – p. 22

References

References
Blagoveshchenskaya, N. F., T. D. Borisova, M. Kosch,T. Sergienko, U. Brändström, T. K. Yeoman, andI. Häggström, Optical and ionospheric phenomena at EISCAT under continuous X-mode HF pumping, J. Geophys.
Res., 119, 2014, ISSN 2169-9402, number of citations: 5.
Brändström, B. U. E., T. B. Leyser, Å. Steen, M. T. Rietveld,B. Gustavsson, T. Aso, and M. Ejiri, Unambigous evidence ofHF pump-enhanced airglow, Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3561–3564, 1999, number of citations: 59.
Gustavsson, B., I. Häggström, M. Hedin, U. Brändström, andT. Sergienko, Application for EISCAT time, 2001.
Gustavsson, B., T. Sergienko, M. J. Kosch, M. T. Rietveld,B. U. E. Brändström, T. B. Leyser, B. Isham, P. Gallop,T. Aso, M. Ejiri, G. T., Å. Steen, C. la Hoz, K. Kaila, J. Jussila,and H. Holma, The electron distribution during HF pumping,a picture painted with all colors, Ann. Geophys., 23, 1747–1754, 2005, number of citations: 43.

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Gustavsson, B., T. B. Leyser, M. Kosch, M. T. Rietveld,Å. Steen, B. U. E. Brändström, and T. Aso, Electron gyroharmonic effects in ionization and electron acceleration duringhigh-frequency pumping in the ionosphere, Phys. Rev. Lett.,
97 , 2006, number of citations: 29.
Pellinen-Wannberg, A., E. Murad, B. Gustavsson, U. Brändström, C.-F. Enell, C. Roth, I. P. Williams, and Å. Steen, Optical observations of water in Leonid meteor trails, Geophys.
Res. Lett., 31, 2004, number of citations: 16.
Sergienko, T., U. Brändström, B. Gustavsson, andN. Blagoveshchenskaya, Optical emissions enhanced
by O and X mode ionosphere HF pumping: Similarities anddifferences, in AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts, vol. 1, p. 2010,2013, number of citations: N/A.

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