植物科学最前線 5: 53 ( 2014)⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᅜ㝿ྲྀࡾỴࡵ࡜Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࡢ㛵ಀΏ㑓 ࿴⏨⟃Ἴ኱Ꮫ 㑇ఏᏊᐇ㦂ࢭࣥࢱ࣮㸦⏕࿨⎔ቃ⣔㸧
305-8572 Ⲉᇛ┴ࡘࡃࡤᕷኳ⋤ྎ 1-1-1
Relationships between International Agreements on Biodiversity and Academic Research
Kazuo Watanabe
Gene Research Center (Faculty of Life & Environmental Sciences),
University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸸ே㢮ࡣ, ᆅᇦࡸ኱㝣ࡢ㛫ࡢ⛣ືࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ከᵝ࡞㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆୡ⏺୰࡟஺᥮࣭ᣑᩓࡋ฼⏝ࡋ,ࡲࡓᨵⰋࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ. ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡼࡾ, ⏕Ꮡࡢᢸಖ, ㇏࠿࡞⏕άࡑࡋ࡚ᩥ᫂
ࡢ∉⇍ࡀᨭ᥼ࡉࢀࡓ㸬㏆௦࡛ࡣ, ከᵝ࡞㎰ᴗ㣗ᩱ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣ, ࣉࣛࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡸ኱つᶍ⏕⏘࡟ࡼࡿ⏘ᴗ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㣗ᩱಖ㞀࡜ୡ⏺ᡂ㛗ࢆࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ࡟ᨭ᥼ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ
(Watanabe et al. 1998, Watanabe & Komamine 2000)㸬
ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ศ㔝ࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡࡛ࡢ㣕㌍ⓗⓎᒎ࡟ࡼࡾ, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣ↓㝈࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (Ώ㑓 2001, 2002). ୍᪉, ࡇࢀࢆ࡜ࡾࡲࡃ♫఍࣭ᨻ἞ⓗ࡞⎔ቃࡶ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ. 㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆே㢮ࡢඹ᭷㈈⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡿほⅬ࠿ࡽ, ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡ
ࣀࣟࢪ࣮➼࡟ࡼࡿ㠉᪂ⓗⓎ᫂ࡸ⤒῭ⓗⓎᒎ࡬ࡢືᶵ࡜ࡋ࡚ே㢮ࡢඹ㏻㛵ᚰ஦࡜࡞ࡗ࡚
ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ, ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢩࣇࢺࡀ࠾ࡇࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᅗ㸯, Watanabe et al. 1998, Ώ㑓 2012).
⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲࡜ᣢ⥆ⓗၟᴗ฼⏝࡟㛵ࢃࡾ, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒࡸ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜
฼┈㓄ศ(access and benefit sharing, ABS)࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ώ㑓 2011a). ࡇࢀࡣ, ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ࡼࡾ, 〇⸆㛤Ⓨࡸ㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼యࡢ฼⏝ࡀከ኱࡞฼┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᐇ౛ࡸ௒ᚋࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸(Chapman &Watanabe 2007, Watanabe & Komamine). ࣂ࢖࢚࢜ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࣂ࢖࣐࢜ࢫ㈨※㛤Ⓨࡢᇶᖿ⣲ᮦ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ☜ಖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞➇தཬࡧᅜᐙ㈨⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄆ▱ࡀᛴ⃭࡟㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ.

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植物科学最前線 5: 54 ( 2014)1980䇺sFAO㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※䛾
ྲྀ Ỵ䜑

⤀ኈ༠ᐃ
ே㢮䛾ඹ㏻䛾㈈⏘䛸䛧䛶䛾ㄆ㆑䡡

1992(1993Ⓨຠ䠅NGO
䝞䜲䜸䝟䜲䝷䝅䞊䛾┘ど䡡⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ (᮲ᩥ 8j, 15, 16, 19䠅ἲⓗ䛻ᙉຊ䛺ᣊ᮰ຊ䛜䛒 䚹
㑇ఏ㈨※䛻㛵䛩 ▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒಖㆤ䜢⪃៖㑇ఏ㈨※䛻㛵䛩 䜰䜽䝉䝇䛸฼┈㓄ศ䛻䛴䛔䛶䝙ᅜ㛫༠㆟䛜ᇶᮏ䡡฼┈᥈ồᆺ䛾㞟ᅋ䛻೔⌮ⓗ䛷䛺䛔⾜Ⅽ䡡

1990䇺sFAO㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※䛾ྲྀ Ỵ䜑ே㢮䛾ඹ㏻䛾㛵ᚰ஦䡡

1994GATT-TRIPS(᮲ᩥ 27.3b䠅->WTO㑇ఏ㈨※䛛 䛾฼┈䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾ⴭ䛧䛔㛵ᚰ㈠᫆䛻䛛䛛䜟 㑇ఏ㈨※䛾▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒ䜔䜰䜽䝉䝇䛸฼┈㓄ศ䛻䛴䛔䛶ᙉ䛟㛵୚

2000

䡡

FAO
㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※䛾ྲྀ Ỵ䜑䝞䜲䜸䝔䜽䝜䝻䝆䞊䛾฼⏝䛻㑇ఏ㈨※䛾↓㝈ⓗ౯್䛾ᣑ኱䛾ྍ⬟ᛶ䡡༠㆟䛾㞴⯟䡡
1999ୡ⏺▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒᶵ㛵 (WIPO):
WTO 䛸⧅䛜 㑇ఏ㈨※䛻䛴䛔䛶䛾▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒ䛾ಖㆤ䜈䛾ᙉ䛔㛵ᚰ䛸䜺䜲䝗䝷䜲䞁⟇ᐃ䛾ື䛝䡡

2001
FAO IT(FAO㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※᮲⣙)䛾ᡂ❧䡡

2010FAO IT䛾Ꮡᅾព⩏䛾ᣑ኱䡡

2010 ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩䛾ᡂ❧• 㑇ఏ㈨※䝘䝅䝵䝘䝸䝈䝮䛾ᨭ㓄䛷䛾䜰䜽䝉䝇㞴!
• ▱㈈ἲ䛸䛾୙ᩚྜᛶ.
• ⾜ᨻᶵ㛵䛿ᮍᾘ໬.
• Ꮫ⾡◊✲ᶵ㛵䛾ㄆ▱䛿ప䛔.
• ⏕≀✀䠋άື䛾䝉䜽䝍 䞊䛤䛸䛾኱䛝䛺㐪䛔.䡡ᅗ㻝 㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗほⅬ䛛 䛾㑇ఏ㈨※䛾ᅜ㝿ⓗ஺΅䛾ὶ(Ώ㑓 2012䜢ᨵ)䡡㈨※ᥦ౪⪅ࡸᥦ౪ᅜ࡜ࡢྲྀࡾỴࡵࡸ┦஫ᑐヰࢆ⾜ࢃࡎ࡟, ⮬ᅜ࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᡂᯝ
࡛ㄽᩥⓎ⾲ࡸ≉チ➼ࡢᶒ฼ࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞஦ែࡣ᫖௒࡛ࡶ㉳ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡈࡃ୍㒊࡛࠶ࡿࡀ◊✲೔⌮࡟Ḟࡅࡿᚰ࡞࠸◊✲⪅ࡸ௻ᴗࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿ. ࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ஦㡯ࢆࣂ࢖࢜ࣃ࢖ࣛࢩ࣮㸦biopiracy, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᶒ฼࡟㛵ࢃࡿ✼┐⾜Ⅽ㸧(http://www.twnside.org.sg/,
http://www.etcgroup.org/ )࡜ࡋ࡚, ᅜ㝿㆟ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚,㈨※ᥦ౪ᅜࡸ㐣ᩄ࡞ᅜ㝿 NGO ➼࡛ࡣ, Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࡶྵࡵඛ㐍ᅜ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࢆᴟ➃࡟ᩗ㐲ࡍࡿഴྥࡶ࠶
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植物科学最前線 5: 55 ( 2014)

ࡿ. ࡞࠾, ⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࣂ࢖࢜ࣃ࢖ࣛࢩ࣮࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ୙㐺ṇ࡞ᑐᛂ(misappropriation)࡜࠸
࠺⾲⌧ࡀබᘧࡢᅜ㝿㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪㐺ṇ࡛࠶ࡿ஦ࢆ᫂グࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸. ABS ࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ຍ࠼,ୡㄽࡸ➨㸱⪅࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࡢᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ, ⏘ᴗ໬࡟ྥࡅ࡚ࡣᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡾࠊᏛ⾡◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⎔ቃ೔⌮ࡸ◊✲೔⌮ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡢ⌮ゎ᥎㐍ࡶᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ(Okada & Watanabe
2008a,b)2. 㛵㐃ᅜ㝿ἲࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠿:㑇ఏ㈨※࡟㛵ࡍࡿᶒ฼ࡸၟᴗ฼⏝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᅜ㝿ⓗྲྀࡾỴࡵࡣ, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙(CBD, http://www.cbd.int)ࡢ࡯࠿ከᩘ࠶ࡿ㸬ྂ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ㸪᳜≀᪂ရ✀ಖㆤ㝿᮲⣙ (UPOV,
http://www.upov.int/ ),≉ チ ➼ ࡛ ಖ ㆤ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ᚤ ⏕ ≀ ࡢ ᐤ ク ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ࣈ ࢱ ࣌ ࢫ ࢺ ᮲ ⣙(http://www.wipo.int/treaties/en/registration/budapest/trtdocs_wo048.html )➼ࡀ࠶ࡿ.
㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ᳜≀㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ FAO IT PGR FA (FAO International Treaty on Plant
Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture, http://www.fao.org/AG/cgrfa/itpgr.htm)ࡀ 2001 ᖺ࡟ᡂ❧ࡋ, 2004 ᖺ࡟Ⓨຠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(Ώ㑓 2004).᪥ᮏࡣ, ከ㔞ࡢ㣗ᩱࢆ㍺ධࡋ, ရ✀ᨵⰋࡢ㑇
ఏ㈨※ࢆᾏእ࡟኱ࡁࡃ౫Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ, FAO IT PGR FA ࡟㛗ࡁ࡟Ώࡾຍ┕ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸.2013 ᖺ㸵᭶ 30 ᪥࡟₞ࡃຍ┕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ, ᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 2013 ᖺ 10
᭶ 28 ᪥࠿ࡽⓎຠ࡜࡞ࡿ. ࡋ࠿ࡋ, Ꮫ༠఍ࡢၨⵚάືࡢ㛵ᚰࡣ࠸ࡲࡔⷧ࠸.
✀ࡢಖ඲࡜⎔ቃಖㆤࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ, ࣡ࢩࣥࢺࣥ᮲⣙(CITES, http://www.cites.org/ )ࡸࣛ
࣒ࢧ࣮ࣝ᮲⣙(http://www.ramsar.org/ )࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ. ▱㈈ἲ㛵㐃࡛ࡣ, ୡ⏺▱ⓗᡤ᭷ᶒᶵ㛵
(WIPO,

http://www.wipo.int/portal/index.html.en),ࢺ ࣜ ࢵ ࣉ ࢫ ༠ ᐃ(TRIPS,

http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/trips_e/trips_e.htm )࡞࡝ࡀ୺せ࡛࠶ࡿ. ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚,᪥ ᮏ ㄒ ࡛ ࡢ ⡆ ␎ ᝟ ሗ ࡟ ࡘ ࠸ ࡚ ࡣ, እ ົ ┬ ➼ ࡢ ࣍ ࣮ ࣒ ࣌ ࣮ ࢪ ࢆ ཧ ↷ ࡉ ࢀ ࡓ ࠸
www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/ipr/,

http://www.mofa-irc.go.jp/link/kikan_info/,

http://www.mofa.go.jp/mofaj/gaiko/kankyo/jyoyaku/).
㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, ၟᴗ฼⏝ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢබṇ࡛⾮ᖹ࡞࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࢆ⾜࠺௰௓⪅ࡶ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜฼┈㓄ศ(ABS, Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair andEquitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization)ࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓ 2001 ᖺ௨᮶᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ. ௻ᴗⓗ࡞άືࡶᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ἲᚊ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ ABS ࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫ໬ࡶ
➹⪅ࡽ࡟ࡼࡾᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ(Watanabe and Teh 2011). ࣅࢪࢿࢫ໬࡬ࡢ೔⌮㓄៖࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ Okada & Watanabe (2008a,b)ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸.

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植物科学最前線 5: 56 ( 2014)3. ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡀୡ⏺⥲ពࡢㄆ㆑࡛ࡣ࡞࠸㸸ྛᅜࡀᐃࡵࡿ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡸ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢព࿡ࡣ㸽ㅖᅜ࡛ࡣ, ᪥ᮏࡢᏛ⪅ࡀㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⠊␪࡛㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸
࡞࠸.
ୖ㏙ࡢᅜ㝿ྲྀࡾỴࡵ࡛ࡣ, 㑇ఏ㈨※(genetic resources), 㑇ఏ⣲ᮦ(genetic material),⏕≀㈨※(biological resources)࡞࡝ࡢ⏝ㄒࡀ౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ, ࡇࢀࡽࡣྲྀࡾỴࡵࡢ஺΅ࡢࡓࡵ࡟⏝ㄒࡢ㐠⏝ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ྵ⵳ࡍࡿព࿡ࡢゎ㔘ࡣྛᅜ࡛ࡲࡕࡲࡕ࡛࠶ࡾ,⋢⹸Ⰽⓗ࡟㒔ྜⰋࡃゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿᵝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡼࡗ࡚, Ꮫ⾡⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᐃ⩏࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ἲᚊࡢࡶ࡜࡛ࡢゝⴥ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡀ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ⏕≀㈨※ࡲ࡛ࡶྵࡴሙྜ
ࡀ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚᭷ࡾ, ࡲࡓࡇࢀࡽࢆ◊✲㛤Ⓨࡋࡓὴ⏕≀ࡸၟရࡲ࡛ࡶྵࡵࡿᵝ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ᭷ࡾ, ྛᅜ࡜ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※࢔ࢡࢭࢫ஺΅ࡸලయⓗ࡞ྲྀᘬࡣ, 㑇ఏ㈨※࡟㛵ࢃࡿ⠊␪ࡢៅ㔜࡞☜ㄆࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ.
ࡲࡓࠊ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜ࡣ, ぢࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡶ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜ࡢゎ㔘ࡶ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚ྛᅜࡢぢゎ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ. ᝟ሗᚓࡿࡢࡶ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢࡀࢇࡌࡀࡽࡵࡢつไࢆ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿつไᙜᒁࡶㅖᅜ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ.୍᪉࡛, ᾏእ࡛ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺࡞ࡽ௚ேࡢᩜᆅ࡟ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡺ
ࡃࡼ࠺⪃࠼ࡓ࠿ࡓ࡛, ┦ᡭ᪉࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࢆៅ㔜࡟࠾ࡇ࡞࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ◊✲೔⌮ୖᙜ↛࡛࠶ࡿ.
ࡇࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚࠿ࡘἲⓗ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁࢆ⾜࠺஦ࡣ, ⌧௦ࡢᚲ㡲஦㡯࡛࠶ࡿ.

4. ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡛ࡢ ABS ㆟ㄽ  ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡟࠾࠸࡚, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜᐙࡢ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢᑛ㔜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ྛᅜ࡛ࡣᅜᐙᡓ␎㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜእ࡬ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※➼ࡢᣢࡕฟࡋࢆཝࡋࡃไ
㝈ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡇࢀࡽ⏕≀࣭㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᡤ᭷ᶒࢆ୺ᙇࡍࡿཎ⏘ᆅᅜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿ἲࢆ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ࡸཎᩱࡢ㍺ฟไ㝈ࢆࡉࢀࡿ࡜, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶಖ඲ࢆᨭ᥼ࡍ࡭ࡁᏛ⾡◊✲ࡣᙜ↛ࡢ஦࡞ࡀࡽ㸪᪥ᮏࡢ⏘ᴗࡸᅜẸࡢ᪥ᖖ⏕άࡀື㢭ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬࡛᫂࠶ࡿ. ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣ, ᅜᐙᏳ඲ಖ㞀ࢆᢸಖࡍࡿ
ᡓ␎㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄆ▱ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Ώ㑓 2001, 2008, 2011a,b). ࡑࡋ࡚, 1992 ᖺࡢ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢᡂ❧௨᮶, ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ⦆ࡸ࠿࡛࠶ࡗࡓᅜ㝿㛫ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢධᡭࡸ฼⏝, ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡣᴟ➃࡟㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡗ. ୍᪉, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜฼┈㓄ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, CBDࡢࡶ࡜࣎ࣥ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ(Bonn Guidelines on Access to Genetic Resources and Fair andEquitable Sharing of the Benefits Arising out of their Utilization, http://www.cbd.int/abs/bonn/)
ࡀ 2002 ᖺ࡟ CBD COP-6 VI/24 ࡜ࡋ࡚᥇ᢥࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ABS ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ㝆ࡗ࡚ࢃ࠸ࡓࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞࠸㸬㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ, FAO 㛵㐃࡛ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡀ࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ, ከࡃࡢᅜᐙ
࡛ࡣᅜᐙ㈨⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢㄆ▱ࡀᙉࡃ, CBD Ⓨຠ௨㝆, ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡣ」㞧໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ώ㑓
2004, 2008㸧. ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㆟ㄽࡢ୰࡛Ꮫ⾡◊✲ࡸ㠀Ⴀ฼Ẹ㛫ᅋయ࡟ࡼࡿᅜ㝿༠ຊࡸᬑཬ஦ᴗ
K. Watanabe - 4

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 56 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 57 ( 2014)➼ࡶ↓㛵ಀ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸.

5. CBD COP-10 ཬࡧ௨ᚋ࡛ࡢ㆟ㄽ  ྡྂᒇ࡛ࡢ 2010 ᖺ 10 ᭶ࡢ CBD ➨ 10 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟(COP-10)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ, ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ⃭ㄽࡉࢀࡓ. ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡣ, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶಖ඲┠ᶆ, ෆ㝣Ỉᅪ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ, ᾏὒཬࡧᾏ὾⏕≀ከᵝᛶ, ᒣᓅᆅ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ, ಖㆤᆅ༊, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢᣢ⥆ⓗ฼⏝, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡜Ẽೃኚືࡑࡋ࡚௒ᅇ COP-10 ࡢ᭱኱㛵ᚰ஦࡛࠶ࡗࡓබṇ࡛⾮ᖹ࡞㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜
฼┈㓄ศ(Fair and Equitable Access and Benefit Sharing on Genetic Resources, ABS)➼ࡢ஦㡯
ࡀ࠶ࡿ. ࡉࡽ࡟ᗈሗ, ᩍ⫱, ᬑཬၨⓎ㸦CEPA, Communication, Education and Public
Awareness㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢάⓎ࡞㆟ㄽࡸၨⵚάືࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ. ࡇࢀࡽࡣ, CBD ᡂ❧ᚋࡎࡗ࡜㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ.
ABS ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ, COP-10 ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛⣙ 10 ᖺࡢ᫬㛫ⓗ࡟ࡣ㞟୰ⓗ㆟ㄽࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚
ࡁࡓ. ୍᪉࡛ࡣ㆟ㄽࡣ₍↛࡜ࡋ,  ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚༡໭ၥ㢟ࡢ඾ᆺࡢ஺΅࡜ࡋ࡚ࡲ࡜ࡲࡽ࡞࠸
ࡲࡲᢳ㇟ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ⥆࠸ࡓ.ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ, COP-10 ࡛ࡣ࡝ࢇ࡛ࢇ㏉ࡋࡢᵝ࡟ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ. ࡇࡢ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ, ᅜ㝿ἲࡢᖖ㐨ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ᚑ࠸, ྛᅜࡢ⨫ྡ, ᐃᩘᅜࡢᢈ෸
࡞࡝ࢆ⤒࡚Ⓨຠ࡟⮳ࡿ. ᪥ᮏᅜࡣ, ྠ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟㈶ᡂ⾲᫂ࡢ⨫ྡࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ.
᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣ, 2013 ᖺ⌧ᅾ, ࡇࡢྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡬ࡢຍ┕࡟ྥࡅ࡚, ᅜෆ≧ἣࡢ⢭ᰝ࡜ᡭ⥆ࡁᩚഛࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ୍᪉, Ꮫ఍ࢆྵࡵࡓྛ⏺࡟ᑐࡋ࡚஦ᐇࡢᖜᗈ࠸ၨⵚࡀ࠶
ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼ࡎ, ⏕≀✀ࡸᏛ⾡◊✲ศ㔝ࡈ࡜ࡢࢭࢡࢱ࣮➼ࡢಶูࡢ஦౛ࢆ༑ศ࡟ᢕᥱࡏࡎ
࡟,ἲᩚഛࡢ᳨ウࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ༳㇟ࢆཷࡅࡿ. ࡋ࠿ࡋ, 㛵㐃ࡍࡿᅜෆ 500 ௨ୖࡢᏛ༠఍ࡢከࡃࡣ῝ࡃ㛵ᚰࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼࡞࠸. ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞」㞧࡞ᅜ㝿ἲ࡬ࡢᑐᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚❧ἲࢆྵࡵࡓᅜෆᥐ⨨᳨࡛ウࡍࡿ࡞ࡽ, ௚ᅜ㝿ἲࡢᡂ❧⤒㐣ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿ࡜, ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ▷ᮇ࡟ࡍ࡭࡚ࢆỴࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞஦ែ࡛࠶ࡾ, ᣋ㏿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜➹⪅ࡣᛮᩱࡍࡿ. ᨻ἞ࡢᛮᝨ
ࡀ, ᐇែࢆࡡࡌ᭤ࡆ࠿ࡡ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞஦ែ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜༴᝹ࡍࡿ.
౛࠼ࡤ, CBD ചୗࡢ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼࣂ࢖࢜ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸ࢕࣮㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ OECD ࡸ UNEP
➼ࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࢆࡓࡓࡁྎ࡟ࡋ࡚㸲ᖺࡢ஺΅ࢆ࡬࡚ᡂ❧ࡋ, Ⓨຠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ. ୍᪉, ከࡃࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡㛵㐃ᅜ㝿ἲࡸ⾜ᨻ◊✲ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙࡣ, ࠶ࡲࡾ࡟ࡶ▷࠸ᮇ㛫࡛࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼࣂ࢖࢜
ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸ࢕࣮㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀᡂ❧ࡋࡓⅭ, ᑐ㇟ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ࡞ᾘ໬ࡀྛᅜ࡛࠾ࡇ࡞ࢃࢀࡎ,ࡼࡗ࡚㐠⏝ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ᳨ウ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢぢゎࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ஦ᐇ, ࢝ࣝࢱ࣊ࢼࣂ࢖࢜
ࢭ࣮ࣇࢸ࢕࣮㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀⓎຠࡋ࡚ 10 ᖺ࡟࡞ࡿࡀ, ᮍࡔ࡟ከࡃ࡟Ⓨᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡣ, ⬟ຊᵓ⠏࡜ᅜෆἲᩚഛࡢ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡾ, ㆟ᐃ᭩㐠⏝ࡢ㏿ᗘࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟⦆៏࡛࠶ࡾ, 㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼⏕≀ࡢᅜ㝿⛣ືࢆ᥎㐍ᨭ᥼ࡍ࡭ࡁᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ, ඘ᐇࡋࡓᅜ㝿ἲ㐠⏝࡜ࡣ࡯࡝㐲࠸. ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞๓౛ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜, ࡣࡿ࠿࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ⏕≀ከᵝ
K. Watanabe - 5

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 57 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 58 ( 2014)ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚, ࠿࠿ࢃࡿつไ࡛࠶ࡿྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚▷᫬㛫࡛, ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆỴࡵࡿ஦ࡣ, 㠀ᖖ࡟៧៖ࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ.
ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬➼࡟ࡼࡿ CBD COP-10 ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ஦๓ᴫἣㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ᮏయ࡛ࡢከᵝ࡞㆟ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ, ᪥ᮏࡢ⛉Ꮫ⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚, ୡ⏺ⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟Ⅼࡀඹ㏻⌮ゎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࠸࠼࡞࠸⌧≧࡛࠶ࡗࡓ. 2013 ᖺ⌧ᅾ࡛ࡣ, ㅖᏛ఍ࡀ஦ᐇࡢ࿘▱ࢆ⾜࠸ࡘࡘ࠶ࡿࡀ, ࡇࢀࡣ 2010 ᖺ௨๓࡟άⓎ࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ.
ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⾡◊✲➼㠀ၟᴗ฼⏝ࡶᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ఍➼࡟᪊࠸࡚ࡶ௒ᚋ㛵ᚰࢆྥࡅࡿᚲせࡀ᭷ࡿ. 㠀ၟᴗ฼⏝࡟ಀࡿ⡆᫆໬ᥐ⨨ࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩➨ 8 ᮲࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ಶูࡢᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡭ⥆ࡁ➼ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ, ࠿࡞ࡾࡢᑓ㛛ⓗ⌮ゎࢆࡋ࡞࠸࡜
௒ᚋࡣ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢධᡭࡀ⡆࡛᫆ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ. ࡲࡓ, ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡬ࡢຍ┕࡟ྥࡅ࡚, ኱Ꮫࡸྛ◊✲ᶵ㛵➼࡛ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢಖ᭷ᩘࡸㆡΏࡢฟ⣡⟶⌮࡞࡝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚,᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡾᙉ໬せồࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ. ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᨻᗓ㛫఍ྜ(ICNP-1)ࡀ,2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟ࣔࣥࢺ࣮࡛ࣜ࢜ࣝ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ, ㆟ᐃ᭩㐠⏝࡟ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚ཝ᱁࡞࣮ࣝࣝ
㑂ᏲࡀⓎᒎ㏵ୖᅜࡼࡾᙉຊ࡟せㄳࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ, ௒ᚋࡣ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆ཰㞟ࡋ࡞࠸ࣇ࢕࣮ࣝࢻ
ㄪᰝ➼ࡍࡽ࠿࡞ࡾཝࡋࡃไ㝈ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ.୍᪉࡛ࡣ, 2012 ᖺ 7 ᭶ࡢ࢖ࣥࢻࡢࣁ
࢖ࢹࣛࣂ࣮ࢻ࡛ࡢ➨ 2 ᅇᨻᗓ㛫఍ྜ(ICNP-2)࡛ࡣ㐠⏝ࡢ㆟ㄽࡣ࠶ࡲࡾࡍࡍࡲࡎ, ᣋ㏿࡜ࡶ࠸࠼ࡿᙧ࡛㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ COP-10 ࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡢࢶࢣࡀࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ.2014 ᖺ᪩ࠎ࡟ࡣ,➨㸱ᅇࡢᨻᗓ㛫఍ྜ ICNP-3 ࡀ㡑ᅜ࡛㛤ദணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ሙᡤ࡟

5.ᡭ⥆ࡁᐇ᝟㸸ᐇົၥ㢟(PICࡸMAT, ┦ᡭᅜࡢධᅜ⟶⌮ἲ㑂Ᏺ➼)ࡣ༢࡞ࡿᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠸.ಶูࡢ஺΅࡛࠶ࡾ, ࡲࡓࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡶᚲせ.
ᐇົⓗලయ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ⌧ᆅ᥈⣴࣭཰㞟ࡸධᡭ➼࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ, ┦ᡭᅜ࡜ࡢ஦๓
ྜពࡢᙧᡂ(Prior Informed Consent, PIC), ᥦ౪ᶵ㛵➼࡜ࡢ┦஫ྜព஦㡯(Mutually Agreed
Terms, MAT)ࡢ☜ㄆཬࡧᮦᩱㆡΏዎ⣙(Material Transfer Agreement, MTA)࡞࡝ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡇࢀࡣྂࡃ࠿ࡽ, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ᥈⣴཰㞟ࡢᑓ㛛ᐙ࡛ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ,᫖௒࡛ࡣᅜ㝿ἲ࡛ࡢ⨩๎ࡸ♫఍ⓗ㏣ồࡀཝࡋࡃ࡞࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ. ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ᡂ❧࡜ຍ┕ᅜࡢቑຍཬࡧ㏆࠸ᑗ᮶ࡢⓎຠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿᡭ⥆ࡁ⌮ゎࡢᚲせᛶࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ. ぢฟࡋ࡛࠶ࡆࡓࡼ࠺࡟, ᮏ௳ࡣ, ༢࡞ࡿᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸. ಶูࡢ஺΅࡛࠶ࡾ, ࡲࡓࣀ࢘ࣁ࢘ࡶᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿ. ◊✲ᮦᩱࡢㆡΏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪MTA ࡣ, ࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫ➼ࡢ⟶⌮ಖㆤࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ᮦᩱ➼࡛ࡣࣇ࢓࣑ࣜ࢔ࣜࢸ࢕࣮࠶ࡿ. ୍᪉, MTA ࡢグ㍕஦㡯➼ࡀྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ᑐᛂࡋ㸪௒ᚋ」㞧໬ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡾ, 㑇ఏ㈨※ᥦ౪ᅜࡢᅜෆἲࢆྫྷ࿡ᑐᛂࡍࡿᚲ
せࡀ࡛࡚ࡃࡿ.⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࣓࢞ࣂ࢖࢜ࢲ࢖ࣂ࣮ࢩࢸ࢕࣮ಖ᭷ᅜ➼࡛ࡣ, ࡍ࡛࡟㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾཝࡋ࠸ࣁ࣮ࢻࣝࢆタࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡶ⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ,K. Watanabe - 6

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 58 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 59 ( 2014)㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᘬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜ㝿ド᫂᭩ࡢᡤᅾࡀྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛࠺ࡓࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ, ᮏ௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐇ᪋୙ྍ⬟࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡢぢゎࡀ, ➹⪅➼ࡢ஦౛◊✲࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
(Cunningham et al. 2005).

6. ௒ᚋࡢ⌮ゎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢಖ඲ᣢ⥆ⓗ฼⏝㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᶒ฼ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ,ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮฼⏝࡟ࡼࡿ㧗ḟ฼⏝ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ᇶ┙㈨※࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᚲ㡲ᛶࡢㄆ▱ࡶ࠶
ࡿ. 2002 ᖺࡢ༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࣚࣁࢿࢫࣂ࣮ࢢ࡛ࡢୡ⏺㛤Ⓨ⎔ቃࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ(WSSD, World
Summit on Sustainable Development, http://www.un.org/events/wssd/)ࡸ 2005 ᖺ࡟ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ
ࡓ Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (http://www.millenniumassessment.org/en/index.aspx)
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ, ே㢮ࡢ⏕Ꮡ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ㔜せᛶࡣㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ. ࡑࡋ࡚,⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡣ㣚㣹ࡸ㈋ᅔࢆᡴ㛤ࡍࡿᇶ┙࡛࠶ࡿ஦ࡶᖖ࡟ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ. 2012 ᖺ
࡟ࡣࠊRIO + 20(http://www.uncsd2012.org/rio20/) ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣢ⥆ⓗⓎᒎࡢᢸಖࡢࡓࡵ࡟⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅜ㐃࡜ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ.୍᪉, CBD ࡢྡྂᒇ ABS ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᅜᐙ㈨⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶒ฼ࡢᑛ㔜ࡀඃඛࡉࢀ, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡟኱ࡁࡃ⏕Ꮡࢆ౫
Ꮡࡍࡿ㈋ᅔ≧ែ࡛ࡢ⏕ά⪅ࡸ㐣㓞⎔ቃ࡛⮬⤥⮬㊊࡛⏕Ꮡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᙅ⪅࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢಖㆤ
ࡢほⅬࡣᙅ࠸㸬ᙅ⪅࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ᅜᐙࢩࣗ୺ᶒࡢᑛ㔜ࡀඃඛࡉࢀࡿ. 㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ, FAO IT ࡀ࠶ࡾ, ே㐨ⓗ࡞ᨭ᥼ࡢࡓࡵࡢ฼⏝ࡣඃඛࡍ࡭ࡁ࡜ࡢ⌮ゎࡶ CBD ㆟ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࡛࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿ. ࡋ࠿ࡋ, ABS ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢྜពࡀ, 㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭ
ࢫࡸ฼⏝࡬ࡢ㊊࠿ࡏ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟௒ᚋࡶ㔜⠜࡞ㄢ㢟ࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ. ࡲࡓ, ᑐ㇟⏕≀✀ࡢ⠊␪ࡸ◊✲┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣ, ྡྂᒇ ABS ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛㠀ၟᴗ฼⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ⡆᫆໬ᥐ⨨࡬ࡢ⪃៖ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ, ᙜ▱⪅㛫࡛ಶ᳨ูウࡉࢀ࡚ࡺࡃྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿ. ᅜෆⓗ࡟ࡶᨻᗓཬࡧྛᶵ㛵࡛ࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞≧ἣኚື࡟ᑐᛂࡋࡓᡭ⥆ࡁ➼ࡢᩚഛᢸಖࢆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ᪂ࡓ࡟⏕ࡌ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ, Ꮫ⾡ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮࠿ࡽࡢᙉຊ࡞ពぢⓎಙࡣ⤯ᑐᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ.
ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ, 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᅜ㝿ྲྀᘬ࡟ࡣᑐ㇟≀࡟ᛂࡌ, ඛ࡟࠶ࡆࡓ㑇ఏᏊ⤌᥮࠼య࡟࠿࠿ࡿᡭ⥆ࡁ, ឤᰁᛶ⑓ཎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࣂ࢖࢜ࣁࢨ࣮ࢻ, ᳜≀㜵␿, ᐙ␆⾨⏕, CITES 㛵㐃,౵␎ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿ≉ᐃእ᮶⏕≀࡟㛵ࢃࡿつไ, ⏕≀රჾ➼ࡢ㍺ฟつไ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚እⅭἲ, ᅜ㝿㍺㏦(UNRTDG)࡞࡝ከᩘࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡢ⌮ゎࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ. ࡇࢀࡽࡣ, Ꮫ⾡◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢ◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡢ⟶⌮⤌⧊ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ◊✲⪅ಶู࡟ᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ⏕≀ࡢ≉ᛶࢆ⌮ゎࡋ, ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ.

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植物科学最前線 5: 60 ( 2014)ㅰ㎡
ᮏ✏ࡣ, Ώ㑓(2012)ࡢෆᐜࢆࡶ࡜࡟, ຍ➹ᨵゞࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ. ᮏ✏ࡣ, ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡᣺⯆ᶵᵓ࡜ᅜ㝿༠ຊᶵᵓࡢ༠ྠᐇ᪋࡛࠶ࡿᆅ⌫つᶍㄢ㢟ᑐᛂᅜ㝿⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡༠ຊ(SATREPS)ࠕ࣓
࢟ࢩࢥ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢከᵝᛶホ౯࡜ᣢ⥆ⓗ฼⏝ࡢᇶ┙ᵓ⠏ࠖཬࡧᏛ⾡᣺⯆఍ ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝ຓ
ᡂ஦ᴗ ᇶ┙ A 25257416 ࡢᡂᯝ࡛࠶ࡿ.

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Chapman, J. & Watanabe, K.N. 2007. Chap 17. 6.C urrent issues on IP management for healthand agriculture in Japan. In. Krattger, A. et al. (eds). MIHR-PIPRA HANDBOOK OF BESTPRACTICES FOR MANAGEMENT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY IN HEALTH AND
AGRICULTURE. pp1621-1650. Univ. California, Davis, USA.
Cunningham, D., Richerzhagen, C., Tobin, B. 㸤 Watanabe, K.N. 2005. Tracking genetic
resources and international access and benefit-sharing governance: the role of certificates oforigin. Work in Progress United Nations Univ. 17(2): 9-12.
Okada, Y., & Watanabe, K.N. 2008a. Social responsibility for the use of genes, genomes andbiotechnology in biotechnology companies: A commentary from the bioethical viewpoint. J.
Comm. Biotechnol. 14(2): 149-167.
Okada, Y., & Watanabe, K.N. 2008b. Rationalization of the genes as a corporate stakeholders
based on international laws. J. Intl. Biotechnol. Laws 5: 103-112.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨ 2001. ᳜≀㑇ఏ㈨※࡞ࡃࡋ࡚㣗⣊ಖ㞀ࠊ㎰ᯘᴗࡸࣂ࢖࢜⏘ᴗࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸. ⫱✀Ꮫ᭱㏆ࡢ㐍Ṍ 43㸸83-86. ᪥ᮏ⫱✀Ꮫ఍⦅ಟ. 㣴㈼ᇽ, ᮾி.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨ 2002. ᳜≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢಖ඲ཬࡧ฼⏝࡜ࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮. ᅜ㝿㎰ᯘᴗ༠ຊ
25(4,5): 31-41.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨2004. ᅜ㝿⎔ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㣗⣊㎰ᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※ྲྀࡾᢅ࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ␃ពⅬ. ⫱✀Ꮫ◊✲ 3: 233-238.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨ 2008. ㎰ᴗၥ㢟ᥦ♧. ᳜≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᅜ㝿ືྥ࡜᪥ᮏࡢᡓ␎. ㎰ᴗ ((♫) ➨᪥ᮏ㎰఍) 㸱᭶ྕ㸸7-17.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨ 2011a. COP-10 CBD ࡜㣗ᩱ㎰ᯘᴗ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ. ᅜ㝿㎰ᯘᴗ༠ຊ 33(2):11-18.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨ 2011b. 㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣᅜᐙ㈨※. AFC ࣇ࢛࣒ࣛ2011 (4): 2. ᪥ᮏᨻ⟇㔠⼥බᗜ㎰ᯘỈ⏘஦ᴗ㒊.
Ώ㑓࿴⏨ 2012.➨㸷❶. 㣗ᩱ㎰ᴗ᳜≀㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢಖ඲࡜ᅜ㝿฼⏝ࡢಠ▔. pp190-205. すᕝⰾ᫛ (⦅ⴭ) ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࢆ⫱ࡴ㣗࡜㎰. ࢥࣔࣥࢬ, ᮾி.
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Watanabe, K. N., Rao V. R. & Iwanaga, M. 1998. International Trends on the Conservation and
Use of Plant Genetic Resources. Plant Biotechnol. 15:115-122.
Watanabe, K. N. & A. Komamine, A. (Eds./authors) 2000. Challenge of Plant and Agricultural
Sciences to the Crisis of Biosphere on the Earth in the 21st Century. 309p. Landes Bioscience,
Austin TX, USA.
Watanabe, K. N. & A. Komamine, A. 2004. Issues on Intellectual Property Rights Associatedwith Agro-Biotechnology in Japan. In: Erbisch, F.H. & Maredia, K.M. (Eds.) Intellectual
Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology. 2nd edition. pp187-200. Michigan State
Unversity, East Lansing and C.A.B. International, Wallingford UK.
Watanabe, K. N. & Teh, G.H. 2011. Wanted: bioprospecting consultants. Nature Biotechnol. 27:
873-875.

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植物科学最前線 5: 62 ( 2014)ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ࡢ᳨ウ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᇼୖ ຾⎔ቃ┬⮬↛⎔ቃᒁ⮬↛⎔ቃィ⏬ㄢ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᪋⟇᥎㐍ᐊࠛ100-8975 ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊㟘ࡀ㛵 1-2-2
Progress of consultative committee on the domestic measures
for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol
Masaru Horikami
Office for Mainstreaming Biodiversity, Biodiversity Policy Division,
Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment
1-2-2 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda, Tokyo, 100-8975, Japan㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
 2010 ᖺ 10 ᭶࡟ឡ▱┴ྡྂᒇᕷ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙➨ 10 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟
㸦COP10㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ
ࠕ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᚓࡢᶵ఍ཬࡧࡑࡢ฼
⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡞㓄ศ࡟㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖ
㸦௨ୗࠕ㆟ᐃ᭩ࠖ㸧ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࠋ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣࠊࠕ⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᮲⣙ࠖ㸦௨ୗࠕ᮲⣙ࠖ㸧ࡢ㸱␒┠ࡢ┠ⓗ࡟ᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡞㓄ศ࠾ࡼࡧࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᚓࡢᶵ఍ཬࡧࡑࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡞㓄ศ㸦Access andBenefit-Sharing㸪௨ୗࠕABSࠖ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᇶᮏⓗ࡞࣮ࣝࣝ㸦᮲⣙➨ 15 ᮲➼㸧ࡢ㐺ṇ࡞ᐇ᪋ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᥐ⨨ࢆつᐃࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛ࡣࠊ
ࠕ஦๓ࡢ᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃྠព(PIC: Prior Informed Consent)ࠖࢆྲྀᚓࡋࠊᥦ
౪⪅࡜ࠕ┦஫࡟ྜពࡍࡿ᮲௳(MAT: Mutually Agreed Terms)ࠖࢆタᐃࡋࡓୖ࡛㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆ฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡑࡢၟᴗⓗ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡌࡓ฼┈ࡸ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ MAT ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᥦ౪ᅜ࡟
㓄ศࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆ⫱ࡴ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ࡸᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞฼⏝࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᥖ
ࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࡣࠊᥦ౪ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢡࢭࢫᡭ⥆ࡁࡢ᫂☜໬㸦PIC ࡟㛵ࡍࡿไᗘࡢ᫂☜໬ࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿఏ⤫ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿཎఫẸ➼♫఍ࡢྠព➼ࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿ㐺ᙜ࡞ᥐ⨨➼㸧ࠊ฼⏝ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᥦ౪ᅜἲ௧➼ࡢ㑂Ᏺ㸦⮬ᅜࡢ฼⏝⪅࡟
ࡼࡿ PIC ྲྀᚓ/MAT タᐃࡢ☜ಖࠊఏ⤫ⓗ࡞▱㆑ࡢ฼⏝࡟㛵ࡍࡿཎఫẸ➼♫఍ࡢྠព➼ࢆ㐺ᐅ☜ಖ㸧ࠊࡲࡓ฼⏝ࢆࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢࡍࡿࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡢᣦᐃࡸ᝟ሗࢆ㞟⣙ࡍࡿABS ࢡࣜ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࣁ࢘ࢫࡢタ⨨ࡀつᐃࡉࢀࡓࠋ ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ 2011 ᖺ㸰᭶㸰᪥࠿ࡽ 2012 ᖺ㸰᭶㸯᪥ࡲ࡛⨫ྡ㛤ᨺࡉࢀࠊࡇࡢᮇ㛫୰࡟᪥ᮏ
㸦2011 ᖺ 5 ᭶ 11 ᪥࡟⨫ྡ㸧ࡶྵࡵࡓ 91 ࢝ᅜཬࡧ EU ࡀ⨫ྡࡋࡓࠋ2013 ᖺ㸷᭶㸳᪥᫬
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Ⅼࡢ⥾⣙ᅜࡣ 20 ࢝ᅜ࡛ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡣ 50 ࢝ᅜࡢ⥾⤖ᚋ 90 ᪥┠࡟Ⓨຠࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⥾⤖࡟ࡼࡾࠊᡃࡀᅜࡀ㆟ᐃ᭩➨㸯᮲ͤ࡟つᐃࡉࢀࡿ┠ⓗࡢ㐩ᡂ࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾࠊᡃࡀᅜࡀ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᥦ౪ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢಙ㢗ࢆ☜ಖࡋ࡚ࠊᅜෆࡢ฼⏝⪅࡟ࡼࡿ㑇
ఏ㈨※ࡢ෇⁥࡞ྲྀᚓ࡟㈉⊩ࡋࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ࡢ୍ᒙࡢಁ㐍࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࠊࡲࡓࠊㅝࢃ
ࢀࡢ࡞࠸㠀㞴ࡸᥦ౪ᅜࡢ ABS ἲ௧➼ࡢ୙㑂Ᏺࢆ㜵Ṇࡋࠊ᪥ᮏࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※㛵㐃ࡢ⏘ᴗࡸ◊✲άືࡢ㐍ᒎ࡟㈨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋేࡏ࡚ࠊᡃࡀᅜࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ
COP10 ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ᅜ㝿♫఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈐௵ࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜ࡶᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ͤ㸦➨㸯᮲ ┠ⓗ㸧ࡇࡢ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ┠ⓗࡣࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࢆබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡟㓄ศࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸦୰␎㸧୪ࡧ࡟ࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ཬࡧࡑࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ࡢᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞฼⏝࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸰㸬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⥾⤖࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊCOP10㛤ദ࡟ྥࡅ࡚タ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙➨10ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟(COP10)࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ๪኱⮧➼఍㆟ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚タ⨨ࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡓࠕCOP10ཬࡧMOP5ࡢỴᐃ஦㡯ࡢᐇ᪋࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ┬ᗇ㐃⤡఍㆟ࠖ㸦௨ୗࠊ㛵ಀ┬ᗇ㐃⤡఍㆟㸧࡛ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ᪩ᮇ࡟㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ᳨࡚ウࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊ㛵ಀ┬ᗇ㐃⤡఍㆟ࡢୗ࡟ࠕྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࡿᅜෆㄪᩚ࡟㛵ࡍࡿసᴗ㒊఍ࠖ㸦௨ୗࠊసᴗ㒊఍㸧ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊCOP10࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓឡ▱┠ᶆ࡛ࡣࠕ2015ᖺࡲ࡛࡟㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᚓࡢᶵ఍ཬࡧࡑ
ࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡞㓄ศ࡟㛵ࡍࡿྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀࠊᅜෆἲไᗘ࡟ᚑ
ࡗ࡚ࠊ㐠⏝ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠖ㸦┠ᶆ16㸧ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊឡ▱┠ᶆࡢ㐩ᡂ࡟ྥࡅ࡚ᨵᐃࡉࢀࡓ
⏕≀ከᵝᛶᅜᐙᡓ␎2012-2020㸦2012ᖺ9᭶28᪥㛶㆟Ỵᐃ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊឡ▱┠ᶆ࡟ᑐᛂࡍ
ࡿᅜู┠ᶆD-3࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ᪩ᮇ࡟ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆ⥾⤖ࡋࠊ㐜ࡃ࡜ࡶ2015ᖺࡲ࡛࡟ࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠖࡇ࡜ࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ 㸱㸬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍᪥ᮏ࡟ࡩࡉࢃࡋ࠸ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡓࡵࠊ⎔ቃ┬࡟࠾࠸࡚ 2012 ᖺ㸷᭶࡟⏘ᴗ⏺ཬࡧᏛ⾡ศ㔝ࡢ᭷㆑⪅࡟ࡼࡿࠕྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ࠖ㸦ᗙ㛗㸸☾ᓮ༤ྖᩍᤵ㸦ୖᬛ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔㸧㸧ࢆタ⨨ࡋࡓࠋᮏ᳨ウ఍ࡣࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺㸦་⸆ရࠊ✀ⱑࠊ໬⢝ရཬࡧ㣗ရ➼ࡢᴗ⏺㸧ࠊᏛ⾡ศ㔝㸦බⓗ◊✲ᶵ㛵㸧ཬࡧἲᚊ➼ࡢศ㔝࠿
ࡽࡢ 14 ྡࡢጤဨ࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊసᴗ㒊఍ࡢ㛵ಀ┬ᗇࡀ࢜ࣈࢨ࣮ࣂ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚
ཧຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ᳨ウ఍ࡣබ㛤࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㈨ᩱཬࡧ㆟஦㘓ࡣ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺ㸦http://www.en
v.go.jp/nature/biodic/abs/conf01.html㸧࡟ᥖ㍕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᡃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⥾⤖࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ⥾⣙ᅜࡢᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿつᐃ㸦⩏ົつᐃ㸧ࢆᢸಖࡍࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ཧ↷㸸➨㸯ᅇ᳨ウ఍ ㈨ᩱ㸴M. Horikami - 2

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 63 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 64 ( 2014)㸦ู⣬㸧㸧ࠋᮏ᳨ウ఍࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢ⩏ົつᐃࡢ࠺ࡕࠊᥦ౪ᅜࡢABS࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜෆไᗘࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯㸦➨15᮲ࠊ➨16᮲㸧ࠊᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ࡢ┘ど࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯㸦➨17᮲㸧ࠊᅜෆࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯㸦➨6᮲㸧࠾ࡼࡧᬑཬၨⓎ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦㡯ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⩏ົつᐃ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2013ᖺ㸶᭶ᮎࡲ࡛࡟ィ11ᅇࡢ᳨ウ఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᐇ᪋≧ἣࡣୗグ⾲ࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㛤ദ᪥➨㸯ᅇ

2012ᖺ㸷᭶14᪥㆟ 㢟㸯㸬᳨ウ఍ࡢタ⨨࡟ࡘ࠸࡚    㸰㸬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᴫせ࡜⤒⦋࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸱㸬᳨ウ఍ࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚   㸲㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚➨㸰ᅇ

2012ᖺ㸷᭶27᪥

㸯㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚➨㸱ᅇ

2012ᖺ11᭶22᪥

㸯㸬COP11࡟࠾ࡅࡿABS࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࡢᴫせ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸰㸬EU➼ࡢྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ᅜෆᥐ⨨᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨㸲ᅇ

2012ᖺ12᭶26᪥㸯㸬ᅜෆ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢ⾜౑࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸰㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚➨㸳ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸯᭶30᪥㸯㸬እ㒊᭷㆑⪅࠿ࡽࡢࡈሗ࿌
㸰㸬ᅜෆ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢ⾜౑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨㸴ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸰᭶26᪥㸯㸬እ㒊᭷㆑⪅࠿ࡽࡢࡈሗ࿌
㸰㸬㑇ఏ㈨※࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿఏ⤫ⓗ▱㆑ࡢᢅ࠸࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸱㸬ᅜෆ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢ⾜౑ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨㸵ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸳᭶21᪥㸯㸬௒ᚋࡢ᳨ウࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸰㸬᳨ウ఍ሗ࿌᭩㦵Ꮚ᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸱㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬᩚ⌮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨㸶ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸴᭶10᪥㸯㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬᩚ⌮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸰㸬᳨ウ఍ሗ࿌᭩᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨㸷ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸵᭶㸯᪥㸯㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬᩚ⌮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸰㸬᳨ウ఍ሗ࿌᭩᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨10ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸵᭶29᪥㸯㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬᩚ⌮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼➨11ᅇ

2013ᖺ㸶᭶19᪥㸯㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬᩚ⌮࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ➼᳨ウ఍࡛ࡣࠊ2012ᖺ10᭶࡟࢖ࣥࢻ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓCOP11࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊEUࡸࢫ࢖ࢫࠊࢹࣥ
࣐࣮ࢡࠊࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢཧຍࢆᚓ࡚㛤ദࡉࢀࡓࢧ࢖ࢻ࢖࣋ࣥࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ྛᅜࡀⓎ⾲ࡋࡓྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ᳨ウ≧ἣ➼ࢆྵࡵࠊྛᅜࡢືྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⤂௓ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊᅜෆࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝≧ἣࡸఏ⤫ⓗ࡞▱㆑࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊእ㒊᭷㆑⪅࠿ࡽࡢሗ࿌ࡶ
ཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

M. Horikami - 3

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 64 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 65 ( 2014)㸲㸬ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୺せㄽⅬ ᮏ᳨ウ఍࡛ࡢ᳨ウ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ㆟ㄽࡢ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ஦㡯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢㄽⅬ㡯┠ࢆ௨ୗࡢ㸴ࡘ࡟኱ูࡋ࡚ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㸦㸯㸧㑂Ᏺ㸦➨ 15 ᮲㸯㡯ཬࡧ➨ 16 ᮲㸯㡯㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉㸦㸰㸧㑂Ᏺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ㐺⏝ࡢ⠊ᅖ㸦㸱㸧ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸦㸲㸧୙ᒚ⾜ࡢ≧ἣ࡬ࡢຠᯝⓗ࡞ᑐฎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸦㸳㸧㑇ఏ㈨※➼࡬ࡢ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢ⾜౑ࡢᚲせᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
㸦㸴㸧ࡑࡢ௚㸦㑇ఏ㈨※➼ࡢ฼⏝ಁ㐍ࠊᬑཬၨⓎ➼㸧ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄽⅬ㡯┠ཬࡧㄽⅬෆᐜࢆࡶ࡜࡟㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄽⅬෆᐜࡢ㆟ㄽࡀ῝ࡲࡾࠊᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿពぢ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺ࡸᏛ⾡◊✲ศ㔝࡛ࡢᐇែࢆ
㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊ㆟ㄽࡢ୰୍࡛ᐃࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡾࠊㄽⅬෆᐜࢆヲ⣽࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊᮏ᳨ウ఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡢᯟࢆ㉺࠼ࡿࡀࠊ௒ᚋࡉࡽ࡞ࡿලయⓗ࡞᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡸ㆟ᐃ᭩௨እࡢᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ᯟ⤌ࡳ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྲྀ⤌࡟ಀࡿពぢࡶάⓎ࡟ฟࡉࢀࡓࠋㄽ
Ⅼᩚ⌮ࡢ㆟ㄽࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊᮏ᳨ウ఍ࡢ࢙࢘ࣈࢧ࢖ࢺࢆࡈཧ↷࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ࡞࠾ࠊ
㸷᭶ 11 ᪥࡟㛤ദࡍࡿ➨ 12 ᅇ᳨ウ఍࠿ࡽࡣࠊ➨ 11 ᅇ᳨ウ఍ࡲ࡛࡟⾜ࡗࡓୖグㄽⅬ㡯┠࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽࢆඖ࡜ࡋࡓ᳨ウ఍ሗ࿌᭩᱌࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

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2013 ᖺ㸷᭶㸳᪥᫬Ⅼࡢ⥾⣙ᅜࡣ 20 ࢝ᅜ㸦࢞࣎ࣥࠊࣚࣝࢲࣥࠊࣝ࣡ࣥࢲࠊࢭ࢖ࢩ࢙ࣝࠊ
࣓࢟ࢩࢥࠊࣛ࢜ࢫࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࣇ࢕ࢪ࣮ࠊ࢚ࢳ࢜ࣆ࢔ࠊࣃࢼ࣐ࠊ࣮ࣔࣜࢩࣕࢫࠊ༡࢔ࣇࣜ
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ᥐ⨨ࡣ㆟ᐃ᭩᥇ᢥ๓࡟᮲⣙࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ᩚഛࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡽࡀ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ᑐᛂࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ௚ࡢᅜࡣᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡀᮍᩚഛ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ⥾⤖࡟ྥࡅࡓྛᅜࡢືྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊඛ㐍ᅜ࡛ࡣࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡣ⥾⤖࡟ࡴࡅ࡚ᥦ౪ᅜᥐ⨨ཬࡧ฼⏝ᅜᥐ⨨ࢆつᐃࡍࡿ⮬↛ከᵝᛶἲࡢᨵṇཬࡧつ๎ࡢไᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⥾⤖ࡣ㛫㏆࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋEU ࡸ EU ຍ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡸࣇࣛࣥࢫࠊࡑࡢ௚ࢫ࢖
ࢫ➼ࡶ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ≉࡟ EU ࡣྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ᥇ᢥࡲ࡛ࡢ஺΅㐣⛬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᪥
ᮏ࡜㏆࠸❧ሙࢆྲྀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᡃࡀᅜࡢᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡾࠊཧ⪃࡜࡞ࡿ஦㡯ࡀከ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋEU ࡣ 2014 ᖺ 10 ᭶࡟㡑ᅜ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡿ COP12 ࡲ࡛࡟つ
M. Horikami - 4

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 65 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 66 ( 2014)๎ࢆไᐃࡋࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿ࡜ぢ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ௚ࠊࣈ࣮ࢱࣥࠊ࢖ࣥࢻࢿࢩ࢔ࠊ
࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ࠊࢼ࣑ࣅ࢔ࠊ࢝ࣥ࣎ࢪ࢔➼ࡀࠊ⥾⤖࡟ྥࡅ࡚ἲ᱌➼ࡢసᡂࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

㸴㸬௒ᚋ
 ᮏ᳨ウ఍࡛ࡣࠊࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟ྛᅜࡢືྥࡸᥐ⨨࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗඹ᭷ࢆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀつᐃࡍࡿ⩏ົ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄽⅬࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࠊ⏘ᴗ⏺ࡸᏛ⾡◊✲ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟ࡸᮃࡲࡋ࠸ᑐ
ᛂࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ௒ᖺᗘ୰࡟ࡉࡽ࡟ᩘᅇࡢ᳨ウ఍ࢆ㛤ദࡋࠊᮏ᳨ウ఍࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡓෆᐜࡣ௒ᖺᗘᮎࡲ࡛࡟ሗ࿌᭩࡜ࡋ࡚࡜ࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡿணᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣᮏ᳨ウ఍࡛ࡢ᳨ウ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ࠊసᴗ㒊఍ཬࡧ㛵ಀ┬ᗇ㐃⤡఍㆟࡛ᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ᳨ウࢆ㐍ࡵࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ㝈ࡾ᪩ᮇ࡟㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆ⥾⤖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

M. Horikami - 5

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 66 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 67 ( 2014)Ꮫ⾡◊✲ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᅜෆᥐ⨨᳨ウࡢㄢ㢟㕥ᮌ╬᫛ᅜ❧㑇ఏᏛ◊✲ᡤ  ▱ⓗ㈈⏘ᐊ ABS Ꮫ⾡ᑐ⟇ࢳ࣮࣒
411-8540 㟼ᒸ┴୕ᓥᕷ㇂⏣ 1111
Issues of domestic implementation of Nagoya Protocol in Academia
Mutsuaki Suzuki
ABS Academia Team, National Institute of Genetics,
Yata 1111, Japan1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸸
2010 ᖺྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩㸦Secretariat of the CBD,2010㸧ࡀ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ఍㆟➨ 10 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟(COP10)࡟ࡼࡾ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࠊⓎຠ࡟ྥࡅ࡚‽ഛࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠊྡྂᒇ㆟
ᐃ᭩ࡣ 50 ࣧᅜᢈ෸ࡋࡓࡢࡕ࡟ࠊ90 ᪥ᚋ࡟ⓎຠࡍࡿྲྀࡾỴࡵ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ2014 ᖺ
10 ᭶࡟㛤ദணᐃࡢ COP12 ࡲ࡛࡟ࠊⓎຠࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊ
COP10
㛤ദ᫬࡟᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓឡ▱ࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ2015 ᖺྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ෇⁥࡞㐠Ⴀࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠊ฼⏝ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ᭱኱ࡢ≉ᚩࡣࠊᾏእ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜෆ࡟タࡅࡽࢀࡿணᐃࡢࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ┘ど㸦ࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ㸧ࢆཷࡅ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ⾜ࡅ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾ௒ᚋࠊᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡀ࡝࠺࡞ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ὀどࡍ࡭ࡁ᫬ᮇ࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᥦ౪ᅜࡢືࡁ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐇ᪋࡟క࠺Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝ࡢᙳ㡪➼௒ᚋࡢᑐᛂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ

2. ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢ⤒⦋࡜ኚ᭦ࡢ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ
ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩᥇ᢥࡲ࡛ࡢ⤒⦋ࢆ㏙࡭ࡿ࡜ࠊ1993 ᖺ࡟Ⓨຠࡉࢀࡓࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ୺ᶒⓗᶒ฼ࡢᏑᅾࠊ฼┈㓄ศ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࡀỴࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ2002ᖺ࡟࣎ࣥ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡀ᥇ᢥࡉࢀࠊࡼࡾලయⓗ࡞௙⤌ࡳࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀ
ࡽࠊࡲࡓࠊ฼⏝ᅜ࠿ࡽᥦ౪ᅜࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫࡢᅔ㞴ࡉࡸࠊᥦ౪ᅜ࠿ࡽࡣ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ࡢ┘どࡀᮃࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡞ἲⓗᣊ᮰ຊࢆᣢࡘᅜ㝿ⓗᯟ⤌ࡳࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࠊ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࠋὴ⏕≀ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࠊ㐳ཬ㐺ᛂࠊ┘ど᪉ἲ࡞࡝ࠊ
࠸ࡃࡘ࠿㞴ࡋ࠸ㄽⅬࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡀࠊ2010 ᖺ 10 ᭶ࡢ COP10 ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ᭱⤊᪥ࡢᮅ㆟㛗᱌ࡀᥦฟࡉࢀࠊ῝ኪᮍ᫂࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㞴⏘ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀ COP10 ࡟࡚᥇ᢥM. Suzuki - 1

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 67 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 68 ( 2014)ࡉࢀࡓࠋྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢෆᐜࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩Ⓨຠᚋࡢ≧ἣኚ໬ࢆᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍࠋࡍ࡛࡟࣎ࣥ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡞࡝࡛Ỵࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ஦㸦㯮Ꮠ㸧࡜ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢⓎຠᚋࡢኚ᭦⟠ᡤ㸦㉥㒊ศ㸧ࢆ♧ࡍ㸦㕥ᮌ╬᫛ 2011㸧ࠋྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢⓎຠ࡟ࡼࡾࠊᥦ౪ᅜ
ࡢᅜෆἲࡢᩚഛ࡜ࠊ฼⏝ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺࡉࡽ࡟᝟ሗ஺᥮ࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡢࢡࣜ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࣁ࢘ࢫࡀసᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࢡࣜ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࣁ࢘ࢫ࡟ᥦฟࡋࡓ PIC
ࡣᅜ㝿ㄆド࡜ぢ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࠋ

䛺䛻䛜ኚ䜟䜛䛾䛛䠛䜽䝸䜰䝸䞁䜾䝝䜴䝇௒ᚋ䠄ண᝿䠅

฼⏝ᅜ

ᥦ౪ᅜ
ᨻᗓ
ᅜෆἲ䛾
ᩚഛ䛾඘ᐇ

䝏䜵䝑䜽䝫䜲䞁䝖
䐟䚷஦๓ྠព䠄PIC)
䐠䚷┦஫ྜព䠄MAT)
䐡㑇ఏ㈨※
䛾ᥦ౪
䐢฼┈㓄ศ

ᅗ 1 ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩Ⓨຠᚋࡢ≧ἣኚ໬

3.

⌧≧ࡢ኱Ꮫ࣭◊✲ᶵ㛵➼ࡢᑐᛂ ኱Ꮫ࣭◊✲ᶵ㛵࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢⓎຠࡣࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᾏእ࡬ࡢᣢࡕฟࡋ࡟ࡘ࠸୍࡚ᐃࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࢆㄢࡍᅜࡣࠊ௒ᚋࠊቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ
ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋᾏእࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆᅜෆ࡟ᣢࡕ㎸ࡴ㝿ࡢ␃ពⅬࡣࠊ౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ┦ᡭᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᣢࡕฟࡋ࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲ௧➼ࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࢆ஦๓࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ㑇ఏ㈨※࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡜฼┈㓄ศ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚┦஫࡟ྜពࡍࡿ᮲௳࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᙜ஦⪅㛫࡛஺΅ࡋࠊዎ⣙ෆᐜ࡟ࡣ᭱᪂ࡢὀពࢆᡶ࠺ࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀ᮶᪥ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ᾏእ࠿ࡽ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆᣢࡕ㎸ࡴ⾜Ⅽࡶ┦ᡭᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᣢࡕฟࡋࡢつไᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ὀពࡍࡿࠋ
M. Suzuki - 2

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 68 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 69 ( 2014) ࡲࡓࠊ฼┈㓄ศ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊᏛ⾡◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡂࡾࠊ㠀㔠㖹ⓗ࡞฼┈࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㔜どࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ࡣࠊ㠀㔠㖹ⓗ฼┈㓄ศ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
◊✲㛤Ⓨᡂᯝࡢඹ᭷ࠊࣂ࢖࢜ࢸࢡࣀࣟࢪ࣮◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༠ྠࠊᩍ⫱カ⦎ࠊࢹ࣮ࢱ
࣮࣮࣋ࢫࡢཷࡅධࢀࠊ▱㆑࡜ᢏ⾡⛣㌿ࠊ⬟ຊᙉ໬ࠊ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௳‫⛉ࠊ‮‬Ꮫ◊✲ሗ࿌࡬ࡢ࢔ࢡࢭࢫ࡞࡝ࡀ౛࡜ࡋ࡚グ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

4.

ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃᾏእࡢ≧ἣ ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩Ⓨຠᚋࠊᨻᗓ㛫఍ྜጤဨ఍࡟ࡼࡿ఍ྜ(ICNP-1,ICNP-2)ࡀࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀࠊࣔࣥࢺ࣮ࣜ࢜ࣝࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࢹ࣮ࣜ࡟࡚㛤ദࡉࢀࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᐇ᪋࡟ྥࡅ
࡚ࡢ‽ഛࡀᑡࡋࡎࡘ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋICNP-2 ㈨㔠࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࠊ⬟ຊ㛤Ⓨࠊከᩘᅜ㛫ࡢ฼┈㓄ศࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴ່࿌᱌ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࠊCOP12㸦2012 ᖺ 10 ᭶ࣁ࢖ࢹࣛࣂ࣮ࢻ㸧࡟࡚᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓ(The Convention on Biological Diversity, 2012)ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ฼⏝ᅜどⅬࡢලయⓗ࡞ᑐᛂࡣ㛤ጞࡉࢀࡓࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ඛ㐍ᅜࡢᑐᛂ࡛ࡣࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ㐃㑥ඹ࿴ᅜࡀࡲࡎືࡁࡀ᪩ࡃ㐃㑥ἲ࡬ࡢᨵṇ᱌ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋෆᐜⓗ࡟ࡣࠊ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝౯್ࡢ㧗ࡲࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢖ࣀ
࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢ౯್㙐ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࠊࢹ࣮ࣘࢹࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢫ㸦Ᏺࡿ࡭ࡁ┦ᙜࡢ⩏ົ㸧ࢆ
᝿ᐃࡋࠊ㏻▱ࡢ⩏ົࡣၟရ໬ࡢ᫬ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ኱Ꮫ◊✲࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㐺⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ(Susette Biber-Klemm 2013)ࠋ
ABS
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ABS
ᛂ⏝◊✲

ᇶ♏◊✲

ㄽᩥ

ᐇ⏝◊✲

≉チฟ㢪

$

ୖᕷᚋᑐᛂ

ၟရ໬

㏻▱䛾⩏ົ

Ᏺ䜛䜉䛝┦ᙜ䛾⩏ົ$ᅗ㸰 ࢫ࢖ࢫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ ABS ࣮ࣘࢨ࣮ࡢἲⓗᥐ⨨㸦ࢻࣛࣇࢺ㸧ࡢཎ⌮ EU ጤဨ఍᱌࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᐇຠᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ௙⤌ࡳࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠊ
ಙ㢗ࡉࢀࡿࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥไᗘࠊࡇࢀࡣࠊ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡞࡝ࡀࠊ࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌ
M. Suzuki - 3

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 69 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 70 ( 2014)

ࡵⓏ㘓ࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࠊࡑࡇ࠿ࡽฟࡉࢀࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣࠊࢹ࣮ࣘࢹࣜࢪ࢙ࣥࢫࢆ‶ࡓࡍ࡜ࡉࢀࡿไᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ฼⏝⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮࠿ࡽࠊ⮬୺ⓗ࡞࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࠊ⾜ືつ⠊ࠊ࣋ࢫࢺࣉࣛࢡࢸ࢕ࢫ㸦᭱Ⰻ஦౛㸧ࢆጤဨ఍࡟ᥦฟࡍࡿไᗘ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿ
(European Commission,2011)ࠋ
 ᥦ౪ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ࢖ࣥࢻࠊࣇ࢕ࣜࣆࣥࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊ༡࢔ࣇࣜ࢝ࠊ࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔
࡟࡚ࠊἲᚊ࣭つไࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡀࠊ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᐃ⩏ࡣࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᗈࡃグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢖ࣥࢻ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊእ᮶✀ࡶྵࡴ⏕≀㈨※࡜ᗈࡃグ㍕ࡉࢀࡿࠋὴ⏕≀࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶྵࡲࢀࡿࠋከࡃࡢᥦ౪ᅜࡢ≧ἣࡣࠊࡲࡔࡲࡔᩚഛ㏵୰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

つไ᱌᮲㡯➨䠍᮲䠖ᑐ㇟≀➨䠎᮲䠖⠊ᅖ
➨䠏᮲䠖ᐃ⩏➨4᮲䠖㻌౑⏝⪅䛾⩏ົ
➨5᮲䠖ಙ㢗䛥䜜䜛䝁䝺䜽䝅䝵䞁➨6᮲䠖⟶㎄ᶒ䛾䛒䜛㈐௵⪅䛸ᙜᒁ
➨7᮲䠖౑⏝⪅䛾ἲⓗ㑂Ᏺ䛾䝰䝙䝍䞊➨8᮲䠖䝧䝇䝖䝥䝷䜽䝔䜱䝇➨9᮲䠖౑⏝⪅䛾ἲⓗ㑂Ᏺ䛾グ㘓

➨10᮲䠖᳨ᰝグ㘓➨11᮲䠖⨩๎➨12᮲䠖༠ㄪ
➨1䠏᮲䠖㻌䜰䜽䝉䝇⤫୍ᇶ┙➨14᮲䠖㻌⿵᏶ᥐ⨨➨15᮲䠖ᐇ⾜䛾䛯䜑䛾ἲᚊ➨16᮲䠖ሗ࿌䛸ᑂᰝ➨17᮲䠖ຠຊⓎຠ䛸㐺⏝⠊ᅖ䛔䛟䛴䛛䛾ᐇ⾜ᛶ䜢㧗䜑䜛௙⤌䜏䛜Ꮡᅾ

ᅗ㸱 EU ࡢつไ᱌᮲㡯

5.

࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᐇຠᛶࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࢶ࣮ࣝ ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ฼┈㓄ศࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊࡍ࡛࡟ࠊ࣎ࣥ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥࡢసᡂ
ࡉࢀࡓᚋࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢᅋయ࠿ࡽࠊᑐᛂࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ᮲㡯࣭⾜ືつ⠊࣭࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡞
࡝ࡀฟࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⾡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ⛉Ꮫ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡀ㛗ᖺάືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
(Swiss Academy of Sciences)ࠋ
 ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨୕⪅⛣㌿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ㑅ᢥ࢜ࣉࢩࣙࣥ㸦㸯㸧ᖺ࡟୍ᗘ➨୕⪅⛣㌿ࡢࣜࢫࢺࢆᥦ౪⪅࡟ᥦฟࠊ㸦㸰㸧ᥦ౪⪅ࡀ᳨⣴ྍ⬟࡞グ㘓ࢆಖ⟶ࠊ㸦㸱㸧ᮏྠព᭩࡜ྠ
M. Suzuki - 4

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 70 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 71 ( 2014)ᵝࡢ⩏ົࢆ➨୕⪅࡟⨫ྡࠊ(4)➨୕⪅࡟⛣㌿ࡍࡿ᫬࡟ࡣᥦ౪⪅࡟ྠពࢆᚓࡿࠊࡓࡔࡋࠊ
ศ㢮㢠ᑓ㛛ᐙ࡬ࡢ୍ḟⓗ⛣㌿ࡣ㐺⏝ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ(5) ◊✲┠ⓗࡢ࢝ࣝࢳ࣮ࣕࢥࣞࢡࢩࣙࣥ࡬ࡢᐤクࡍࡿᶒ฼࡞࡝ࡸࠋ฼┈㓄ศ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ࣎ࣥ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ
ࡢ㠀㔠㖹ⓗ฼┈ࡢࣜࢫࢺࡢῧ௜࡞࡝ࡀグ㍕ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓࠊ᳜≀ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊྂࡃ࠿ࡽ࣮࢟ࣗ⋤❧᳜≀ᅬࡀ ABS ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢၨⓎάືࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ࣏ࣜࢩ࣮ࡸ ABS-MTA ࡢ࢟ࢵࢺࢆබ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kew Royal
Botanic Gardens㸧ࠋ๓ᩥ
1. ྠព᭩⥾⤖⪅䠄ྠព᭩⥾⣙ᅜ䠗
Par es to the Agreement䠅
2. ஦๓䛾᝟ሗ䛻ᇶ䛵䛟ྠព
3. ྠព᭩䛾┠ⓗ4. ⏝ㄒ
5. 䜰䜽䝉䝇䛥䜜䜛㑇ఏ㈨※6. ฼⏝
7. 㠀ၟᴗⓗ฼⏝䛛䜙ၟᴗⓗ฼⏝ 䜈䛾ኚ᭦
8. 㑇ఏ㈨※䠄䛚䜘䜃㛵㐃䛩䜛TK䠅䛾➨୕⪅䜈䛾⛣㌿
9. ฼┈㓄ศ

10䠊ᥦ౪⪅䛾ᶒ฼䛸⩏ົ
11䠊฼⏝⪅䛾ᶒ฼䛸⩏ົ
12䠊䝕䞊䝍䛾ඹ᭷13䠊ሗ࿌14䠊▱ⓗ㈈⏘ ᶒ15䠊බ⾲16䠊ྠព᭩ゎ㝖ᚋ䛾㑇ఏ㈨※䛾ྲྀ䜚ᢅ䛔17䠊ྠព᭩䛾ᮇ㛫䛸ゎ㝖
18䠊⣮த䛾ゎỴ
19䠊䛭䛾௚䛾つᐃᅗ㸲 ࢫ࢖ࢫ⛉Ꮫ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑࣮ࡀసᡂࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ᮲㡯ࡢᵓᡂ

6. ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᳨ウ≧ἣ࡜ㄢ㢟᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ⎔ቃ┬ࡀ୺య࡜࡞ࡾࠊྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ࡀ㛤ദࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⎔ቃ┬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ HP㸧ࠋ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ1) 㑂Ᏺࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼ࠊ2) 㑂Ᏺࡢ㐺⏝⠊ᅖ 3) ๓ᥦ࣭᫬ᮇ࣭ᑐ㇟࣭ࡑࡢ
௚ࠊ4) ࢳ࢙ࢵࢡ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ࡛ࡢ┘どࠊᥦ౪ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࠊ5) ୙ᒚ⾜ࡢ᫬ࠊ6) ᅜෆࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࠊ7) ฼⏝⪅ࡢᑐᛂࠊ㐺ṇ฼⏝ࡢ᥎㐍࡞࡝ࡀ᳨ウ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ᳨ウࡀ㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ  ⌧≧ࠊᏛ⾡ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ࡓ᫬࡟ࠊ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ1) ᢈ෸ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡢ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࠊࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺศᯒࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ2) ≧ἣࡀᥦ౪ᅜࡢᅜෆయไࡀᩚഛࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ࠊ฼⏝ᅜࡢࡳࡀᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆᩚഛࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᛴࡄᚲせᛶࡀ୙᫂░ࠋ3)
PIC ࡢⓎ⤥యไࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃࠊࡲࡓࠊἲእ࡞㔠㢠ࢆせồࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝࠶ࡾࠊᐇ㉁ⓗ࡞㑇ఏ
M. Suzuki - 5

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 71 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 72 ( 2014)㈨※ࡢཷࡅྲྀࡾࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡿࠊ஦ែ࡬ࡢᑐᛂࠊ4) ᮲⣙ᢈ෸(1993)࡜ᅜෆᥐ⨨㛤ጞࡲ࡛ࡢ㛫ࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀࡾᢅ࠸ࡀ୙᫂ࠊ5) ᥦ౪┦ᡭᅜࡢᨻᗓࡢ PIC Ⓨ⤥ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀື࠸
࡚࠿ࡽࠊᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆጞࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿㸽
࡞࡝ࡢⅬࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᐇែ࡟༶ࡋࡓᢕᥱࢆࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡾࠊᣋ㏿࡟㐍ࡳࠊࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀከ࠸ࡔࡅࡢᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡀ◊✲⪅୙ᅾ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋ

7. ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡀࠊᕼᮃ㏻ࡾ⦆ࡸ࠿࡞ࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚ࡶࠊᥦ౪ᅜࡢἲᚊ࣭つไࡀᩚഛࡉࢀࠊࡶࡕࢁࢇࠊࡑࢀࢆ㑂Ᏺࢆࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊᥦ౪
ᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶒ฼ព㆑ࡢඛ㗦໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࡛࠶ࡾࠋ◊✲⪅ಶேࡢㄢ㢟࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶࠊᏛ఍ࠊ◊✲⪅ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕࣮ࠊ኱Ꮫᶵ㛵༢఩ࡢᑐᛂࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋㅰ㎡
 ᮏ✏ࡣᅜ❧㑇ఏᏛ◊✲ᡤ࡟タࡅࡽࢀࡓ ABS Ꮫ⾡ᑐ⟇ࢳ࣮࣒ࡢάືࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᚓࡓ▱ぢࢆᇶ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏάືࡣࢼࢩࣙࢼࣝࣂ࢖࢜ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫ᝟ሗᩚഛࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୍㒊࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㛵ಀ⪅ࡢཌ࠸ᨭ᥼ࡈᣦᑟ࡟ឤㅰ࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡍࠋ

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩
Secretariat of the CBD, 2010, The Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing,
http://www.cbd.int/abs/㕥ᮌ╬᫛2011, ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡜㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆࡵࡄࡿ≧ἣBio Resource Now, Vol.7 (1)P2The Convention on Biological Diversity 2012, COP11 Decisions XI/1.
https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/ cop-11/cop-11-dec-01-en.pdf

Susette Biber-Klemm 2013
http://abs-swiss.sakuraweb.com/_src/sc337/95F18D908F91288Du898993E097e81E83p83l8
38B81E83v838D83t834083C838B81E89p8CEA83X838983C83h81j.pdf

European Commission, Consultation 2011.
M. Suzuki - 6

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 72 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 73 ( 2014)

http://ec.europa.eu/environment/consultations/abs_en.htm

Swiss Academy of Sciences,
http://abs.scnat.ch/downloads/documents/NonCommResearch_ABS_Agreement.pdf
http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/shigen/news/n_letter/2011/nl201101.pdf 㸦⩻ヂ∧㸧

Kew Royal Botanic Gardens
http://www.kew.org/conservation/CBD_for_Botanists/CBD_for_Botanists_V2.pdf⎔ቃ┬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ HP
http://www.env.go.jp/nature/biodic/abs/conf01.html

M. Suzuki - 7

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 73 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 74 ( 2014)$%6 ࡟ಀࢃࡿ᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࡜ከᵝᛶ᳜≀Ꮫศ㔝ࡢㄪᰝ࣭◊✲ᮧୖ ဴ᫂
㤳㒔኱Ꮫᮾி ∾㔝ᶆᮏ㤋㸪᪥ᮏศ㢮Ꮫ఍㐃ྜ๪௦⾲㸦ABS ၥ㢟ᢸᙜ㸧ࠛ192-0397 ᮾி㒔ඵ⋤Ꮚᕷ༡኱ἑ 1-1
Domestic measures for the implementation of the Nagoya Protocol in Japan and its
possible effects on the expedition and researches in foreign countries by Japanesebotanists
Noriaki Murakami
Makin Herbarium, Tokyo Metropolitan University
1-1 Minami-Osawa, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0397
1. ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ᇶ♏⏕≀Ꮫศ㔝㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ≉࡟᳜≀ศ㢮Ꮫ㸪᳜≀⏕ែᏛ࡞࡝ከᵝᛶ᳜≀Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪㏻ᖖ㸪⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸࡞࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪ᐇ㝿ⓗ࡟ࡶ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ⓙ↓࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ⁛ከ࡟㉳ࡇࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡔࢁ࠺㸬⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡉ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢࠕ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᚓࡢᶵ఍ཬࡧࡑࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡞ศ㓄㸦Access and Benefit-Sharing: ABS㸧ࠖ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿつไࡢᑐ㇟እ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ⪃࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡢࡶ↓⌮࠿ࡽࡠࡇ࡜࠿ࡶ▱ࢀ࡞࠸㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀ᥇㞟ࡋࡓ᳜≀ᶆᮏࡸヨᩱࡣ㸪␲࠸ࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞࠸⏕≀㑇ఏ㈨※㸦௨ᚋ㸪༢࡟㑇ఏ㈨※࡜⾲⌧ࡍࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ᐇ㝿࡟ࡇࢀࡽ࠿ࡽ DNA ࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚㸪≉ᐃࡢ㡿ᇦࢆ PCR ቑᖜࡋ㸪ࡑࡢሷᇶ㓄ิࢆゎᯒࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ㢖⦾࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⌧≧ࢆぢ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ᫂ⓑ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪᳜≀ᶆᮏ࣭ヨᩱࢆ᥇㞟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㑇
ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᚓ㸦Access㸧࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬 ࡉ࡚㸪1992 ᖺ࡟ࣜ࢜ࢹࢪࣕࢿ࢖࡛ࣟ㛤ദࡉࢀࡓᆅ⌫ࢧ࣑ࢵࢺ࡛᥇ᢥࡉࢀ㸪1993 ᖺ࡟Ⓨຠࡋࡓ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡛ࡣ㸪㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜࡢᙉ࠸せồࢆࡢࢇ࡛㸪㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ୺ᶒⓗ฼⏝ࢆㄆࡵࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᆅ⌫ୖ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡣே㢮ඹ㏻ࡢ㈈⏘࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿᅜᐙࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᐃࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀ࡟┤᥋ಀࢃࡿ㒊ศࡀ ABS ࡞ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪እᅜ࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྲྀᚓࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᅜࡢチྍࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ฼┈ࢆࡑࡢ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᥦ౪ᅜ࡟㑏ඖࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ࠸࠺฼┈࡜ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ฼┈ࡢࡳ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡎ㸪ᇶ♏◊✲ࡢᡂᯝࡸࡑࢀࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡿྡ㄃࡞࡝ࡶ฼┈࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡔ࠿ࡽ㸪⣧⢋࡟ᇶ♏◊✲࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ฼┈ࡣᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㑇ఏ㈨※ᥦ౪ᅜࡢඹྠ◊✲⪅࡞࡝࡟ศ㓄
N. Murakami-1

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 74 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 75 ( 2014)ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

2. ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ ࡓࡔ㸬⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡀⓎຠࡋࡓ࡜࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ABS ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐇ⾜ᛶࡀకࡗ࡚࠸࡞
࠿ࡗࡓ㸬ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝⪅࡟㸪ࡑࡢ㈨※ࡢᥦ౪ᅜ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚☜ᐇ࡟฼┈㓄ศࢆࡉࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡀഛࢃࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪౛࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏே
ࡀእᅜ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᅜࡢチྍࢆᚓࡎ࡟຾ᡭ࡟㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ᪥ᮏ࡟ᣢࡕ
ᖐࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᮦᩱ࡟ࡋ࡚ၟရ㛤Ⓨࢆࡋ࡚฼┈ࢆᚓࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪฼┈ࢆ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢᥦ౪ᅜ࡟㓄ศࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡀእᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚↓チྍ࡛᳜≀ᶆᮏࢆ᥇㞟ࡋ࡚ᣢࡕᖐࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᮦᩱ࡟ࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆࡋ࡚ᡂᯝࢆᚓࡓࡅࢀ࡝ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡔࡅࡢᡂᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ฎ⨩ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓ㸬ࡑࢀࡣࡘࡲࡾ㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪฼⏝⪅ࡣ⮬ศࡢᅜ࡟ᖐࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠼ࡤ≉࡟ၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬 ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜࡣ ABS ࡟ᐇຠᛶࢆᣢࡓࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆඛ㐍ᅜ࡟ᙉࡃồࡵ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡣඛ㐍ᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ฼┈ࢆᦆ࡞࠺ᜍࢀࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡉࡽ࡟እᅜࡢἲᚊ
࡟㐪཯ࡋࡓேࢆᅜෆࡢἲ࡛ྲྀࡾ⥾ࡲࡾฎ⨩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿᅜࡢἲᚊ࡟㐪཯ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ
ูࡢᅜ࡛ࡢ㐪ἲ⾜Ⅽ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ᅜ㝿ἲୖࡶၥ㢟ࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡓ㸬ࡑࡇ࡛㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟࡛ࡶ ABS ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㐍ᒎࡀぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪2010 ᖺ࡟ྡྂᒇ࡛㛤ദࡉࢀࡓ➨ 10 ᅇ⥾⣙ᅜ఍㆟㸦COP10㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡇࡢ኱ࡁ࡞
ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ወ㊧ⓗ࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㐍ᒎࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸬ࡇࢀࡣ㸪ඛ㐍ᅜࡀ㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜഃ
࡟኱ᖜ࡟Ṍࡳᐤࡗࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪᥇ᢥࡉࢀࡓࡢࡀྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢṇᘧྡ⛠ࡣ㸪ࠕ㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢྲྀᚓࡢᶵ఍ཬࡧࡑࡢ฼⏝࠿ࡽ⏕ࡎࡿ฼┈ࡢබṇ࠿ࡘ⾮ᖹ࡞ศ㓄㸦ABS㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡀ ABS ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀࡼࡃศ࠿ࡿ㸬ࡇࡢ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛ㅻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㔜せ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣ஧ࡘ࠶ࡿ㸬1 ࡘ┠ࡣ㸪㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆᥦ౪ࡍࡿ⥾⣙ᅜࡀ ABS ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜෆἲࢆᩚഛࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᡃࠎ᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ 2 ࡘࡵࡢ᪉ࡀࡼࡾ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡣࠕእᅜࡢ ABS ᅜෆἲ࡟཯
ࡋ࡚㑇ఏ㈨※ࡀᣢࡕฟࡉࢀࡓሙྜ࡟㸪㑇ఏ㈨※ࡢ฼⏝ᅜࡀ⾜ᨻୖࡸἲᚊୖࡢᥐ⨨ࢆㅮࡌࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛㛤Ⓨ㏵ୖᅜࡀࡶ࡜ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡟㸪౛࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏேࡀእᅜࡢ ABS ᅜෆἲ࡟ᚑࢃࡎ࡟㑇ఏ㈨※ࢆእᅜ࠿ࡽ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜㸪᪥ᮏࡢἲᚊࡸつ๎࡛ྲྀࡾ⥾ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⣙᮰ࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

3. ከᵝᛶ᳜≀Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ ABS ၥ㢟࡜ࡣఱ࠿ ᪥ᮏࡣ COP10 ࡢ㆟㛗ᅜ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢ࡛㸪⋡ඛࡋ࡚ࡇࡢ⣙᮰ࢆᯝࡓࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪⌧ᅾ㸪⎔ቃ┬ࡣ㸪ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡟ಀࢃࡿ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢᥐ⨨(ἲᚊ࣭つ๎ࢆྵࡴ)ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿ
࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウ఍ࢆᐃᮇⓗ࡟㛤ദࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᡃࠎ᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡀእᅜࡢABS ἲ௧࡟ᚑࢃࡎ࡟ᾏእ࠿ࡽ᳜≀ᶆᮏ࡞࡝ࢆ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟ᣢࡕᖐࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪᪥ᮏ
N. Murakami-2

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 75 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 76 ( 2014)ᅜෆࡢἲᚊࡸつ๎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ฎ⨩ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬ࢃࢀࢃࢀከᵝᛶ᳜≀Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢࠕABS ၥ㢟ࠖ࡜ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࡇ࡜࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᠱᛕࡉࢀࡿ
ၥ㢟ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ḟ࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃ㏙࡭ࡓ࠸㸬 ᇶ♏ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢከࡃࡣ㸪බົဨ࡟‽ࡌࡿ㌟ศ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏࡢἲᚊ࡟㐪཯ࡍࡿ⾜Ⅽࢆࡍࢀࡤࢡࣅ࡟࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠࡞࡝ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ᅜ࠿ࡽ᮶࡚࠸
ࡿண⟬࡛◊✲ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪◊✲࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢἲ௧࡟㐪཯ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
ฎ⨩ࢆཷࡅࢀࡤ㸪◊✲㈝ࡀ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚◊✲ࡀฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡀ᪥ᮏࡢἲ௧ࡣ⤯ᑐ࡟㑂Ᏺࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣࡣࡗࡁࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬 ୍᪉㸪ABS ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ⎔ቃ┬ࡀ୰ᚰ࡟࡞ࡗ᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࢆ⤂௓ࡋࡓࡀ㸦㕥ᮌ╬᫛ඛ⏕ࡀࡼࡾヲࡋࡃゎㄝࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧㸪౛࠼ࡤᅜෆつ๎࡛㠀ᖖ࡟↹㞧࡞ሗ࿌ࢆồࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚㑂Ᏺࡋࡼ࠺ࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ୙ὀពࡸ⌮ゎ୙㊊࠿ࡽ㍍ᚤ࡞㐪཯ࢆࡋ࡚ሙྜ࡟ࡶ㸪㆙࿌࡞ࡋ࡛࠸ࡁ࡞ࡾཝࡋ࠸
ฎ⨩ࡀ᮶ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ἲᚊࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶᜍࢁࡋࡃ࡚ᡃࠎ◊✲⪅ࡣᾏእ࡟ㄪᰝࡸᶆᮏ᥇㞟࡟⾜ࡅ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬⌧ᅾ㸪᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡣ≉࡟ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡸᮾ༡࢔ࢪ࢔ᆅᇦࡢ᳜≀ከᵝᛶࡢゎ᫂ࡸ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࡿୖ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㈉⊩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᆅᇦ࡛᳜≀ࡢㄪᰝ㺃᥇㞟ࡀฟ᮶࡞ࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢᙜึࡢ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡇࢀࡇࡑࡀᮏ᮶ࡢ┠ⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ࠖࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡟ᨭ㞀ࡀฟࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬ࡑ࠺࡞ࡗ࡚ࡣࡲࡉ࡟ᮏᮎ㌿ಽ࡛㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡀฟ᮶ࡓࡤࡗ࠿ࡾ࡟㸪⏕≀ࡢከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲ࡀ㐺ษ࡟⾜࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡉ
࠼༴᝹ࡉࢀࡿ㸬

4. ᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆᥐ⨨ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉ࢆ㐺ษ࡞᪉ྥ࡟ᑟࡃᚲせᛶ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪⌧ᅾࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ ABS ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜෆᥐ⨨ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿẁ㝵࡛࠶ࡿ㸬୍ᗘ㸪ἲᚊࡸつ๎ࡀฟ᮶࡚ࡋࡲࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ㸪࡞࠿࡞࠿ᨵၿࡋ࡚ࡣࡶࡽ࠼࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᡃࠎ◊✲⪅ࡶὀព῝ࡃ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿෆᐜࢆぢᏲࡾ㸪◊✲ࢆ㐺ษ࡟㐍ࡵࡿୖ࡛኱ࡁ࡞ᨭ㞀࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ᮇࢆ㏨ࡉࡎၥ㢟Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ ABS ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᅜෆࡢᥐ⨨ࢆᑟࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ㸬⚾ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏศ㢮Ꮫ఍㐃ྜࡢ ABS ၥ㢟ᢸᙜ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⎔ቃ┬ࡢ᳨ウ఍ࢆ୍⯡ഐ⫈ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆጞࡵ㸪ABS ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡢ཰㞟࡟ດࡵ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬࠸ࡼ࠸ࡼࡇࢀ࠿ࡽ㸪࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ࡢ᭱⤊ሗ࿌᭩ࡀࡲ࡜ࡵࡽ
ࢀࡿẁ㝵࡟ධࡿ㸬௒ᖺࡢ 12 ᭶㡭࡟ࣃࣈࢥ࣓ࢆணᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟᭱ࡶ኱ษ࡞᫬ᮇ࡟࡞ࡿ㸬⚾⮬㌟ࡶ㸪᪥ᮏศ㢮Ꮫ఍㐃ྜࡢ ABS ၥ㢟ᢸᙜ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᚲせ࡞᝟ሗࢆከᵝᛶ⏕≀Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅࡟ఏ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ⓙࡉࢇࡶὀព῝ࡃ⤒㐣ࢆぢᏲࡗ࡚㸪ᚲせࡀ࠶ࢀࡤࡍࡄ࡟ពぢࢆゝ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟‽ഛࢆࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ࡜ᖾ࠸
࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

5. ᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅࡟ồࡵࡽࢀࡿྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡬ࡢ㐺ษ࡞ᑐᛂ
N. Murakami-3

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 76 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 77 ( 2014) ୍᪉࡛㸪௬࡟እᅜ࡛ࡢ ABS ἲࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡛ࡢ┘どࡀཝࡋࡍࡂࡿࡶࡢ࡞
ࡽ࡞࠸㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⨩๎ࡀཝࡋࡃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᡃࠎ◊✲⪅ࡀ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞⪃࠼᪉࡟㐺ษ࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛ࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦࠾ࡑࡽࡃ㸪ඛ࡟Ώ㑓࿴⏨ඛ⏕ࡀ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ࡀ㸧㸬ࡑࡢ࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ
ᑐᛂࡢ௙᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㏙࡭ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡓ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺㸬ࡑࡢ㝿ࡢ࣮࣮࢟࣡ࢻࡀ PIC㸦஦๓ࡢㄪᰝ࣭᥇㞟࡟ᑐࡍࡿチྍ㸧࡜ MAT㸦฼┈ࡢ㓄ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢዎ⣙㸪◊✲ᡂᯝࡶ฼┈࡛࠶ࡿ㸧࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ஦๓࡟ㄪᰝᅜࡢᨻᗓ࠿ࡽ PIC㸦஦๓ࡢ᥇㞟㺃ㄪᰝࡢチྍ㸧ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ㸪ඹྠ◊✲⪅ࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿᶵ㛵࡜ MAT㸦฼┈ࡢ㓄ศࡢ௙᪉ࢆ┦஫࡟ྠពࡍࡿ᮲௳࡛Ỵࡵࡓዎ⣙㸧ࢆࡁࡕࢇ࡜⤖ࢇ࡛ㄪᰝ࣭ᶆᮏ᥇㞟ࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢୗ࡛⮬୺ⓗ࡟㑂Ᏺࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࣎
࣭ࣥ࢞࢖ࢻࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡋ࡚᪤࡟ồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡀồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
ࡶ㸪ࡲࡉ࡟ࡇࢀࡽ࡟௚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸㸬ᾏእ࡛ㄪᰝ㺃᥇㞟ࢆࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪ࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ၥ㢟ࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬 ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡀ௬࡟ᅜෆ࡛⨩๎࡞࡝ࡀ୍ษ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸪እᅜࡢ ABS ἲࢆ㑂Ᏺࡋ࡚㸪PIC ࢆྲྀᚓࡋ㸪MAT ࡀࡁࡕࢇ࡜タᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛㸪ㄪᰝ࣭◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢᥐ⨨ࡀ↹㞧ࡍࡂ࡚㑂Ᏺ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶపࡃ࡞ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡲࡓ㸪⛉◊㈝➼ࡢ⏦ㄳࡢ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࢆ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ‽ഛࡀᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᪩ᬌ
ồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡟㐪࠸࡞࠸㸬௒ࡢ࠺ࡕ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡁࡕࢇ࡜ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪◊✲⪅⮬㌟࡟࡜
ࡗ࡚ࡶࣉࣛࢫ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺㸬 ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛㸪⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ㸪᪥ᮏேࡢከᵝᛶ᳜≀Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ◊✲⪅࡛㸪እᅜ࡟⾜ࡗ࡚ࡑࡢᅜࡢ
チྍࢆྲྀࡽࡎ࡟᳜≀ࡢヨᩱࡸᶆᮏࢆ᥇㞟ࡍࡿேࡣࡲࡎ࠸࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺㸬ࡶࡋࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ࡍࢀ
ࡤ㸪PIC ࡢྲྀᚓࡣ㸪ᡃࠎࡣ᪤࡟㑂Ᏺࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸬ၥ㢟ࡣ㸪MAT ࡢ᪉࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
⚾ࡣ⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬⌧ᅾ࡛ࡶ㸪እᅜ࡟ㄪᰝ࡟⾜ࡃ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᅜࡢ◊✲⪅࡜ඹྠ◊✲࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛ㄪᰝࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᬑ㏻࡛࠶ࢁ࠺㸬ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᶆᮏ㺃ヨᩱࡢᅜእ࡬ࡢ⛣ືࡸ㸪฼┈ࡢ㓄ศ㸦◊✲ᡂᯝࢆඹⴭ࡛Ⓨ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪◊✲⪅࡜◊✲⪅ࡢཱྀ⣙᮰࡛ዎ⣙ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᛮ࠺㸬୍᪉࡛㸪ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩ࡢඖ࡛ồࡵࡽࢀ
ࡿ MAT ࡜ࡣ㸪⤌⧊࡜⤌⧊ࡢ㛫ࡢᩥ᭩࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃṇᘧ࡞ዎ⣙࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪እᅜࡢඹྠ◊✲⪅ࡀᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ㛵࡜᪥ᮏே◊✲⪅ࡀᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᶵ㛵㸦ᶵ㛵࡜ࡣ࠸ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪㏻ᖖࡣ㸪Ꮫ㒊㸪◊✲⛉࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ༑ศ࡛࠶ࡿ㸧ࡢ㛫࡛༠ᐃ࡞࡝ࢆ⤖ࢇ࡛࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬⌧≧࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡣࡸࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲⪅ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸
ࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸬኱Ꮫ㛫࡛ṇᘧ࡞༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡪࡢࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ࡟኱ኚ࡞సᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ㒊ࡸ◊✲⛉㛫࡛༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡪࡢࡣ㸪㏻ᖖࡑࢀ࡯࡝↹㞧࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᛮ࠺㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㕥ᮌ╬᫛ඛ⏕ࡢᡤᒓࡍࡿᅜ❧㑇ఏᏛ◊✲ᡤ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡪ㝿ࡢⱥㄒࡢࡦ࡞ᙧࡶసࡗ࡚㸪බ㛤ࡋ࡚ୗࡉࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡇࢀࡽࢆ฼⏝ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ၥ㢟ࡢ࡞࠸ MAT ࢆ㸪ࡑࢀ࡯࡝ປຊࢆ࠿ࡅ
ࡎ࡟⥾⤖࡛ࡁࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡣ᫝㠀㸪ࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

N. Murakami-4

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 77 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 78 ( 2014)6. ᭱ᚋ࡟ ⚾ࡣ 1980 ᖺ௦ࡢᚋ༙࠿ࡽࢩࢲ᳜≀ࡢศ㢮Ꮫⓗ㺃㐍໬Ꮫⓗ◊✲ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔࣭ᮾ
༡࢔ࢪ࢔ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪୰༡⡿㸪༡ኴᖹὒㅖᓥ㸪࣐ࢲ࢞ࢫ࢝ࣝ࡞࡝ࡶྵࡴᖜᗈ࠸⇕ᖏᆅᇦ࡛ᾏእㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛⚾⮬㌟㸪ᾏእㄪᰝࡢ⤒㦂ࡣ㇏ᐩ࡟ᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡋ㸪◊✲ᡂᯝࢆୖࡆࡿୖ࡛ࡶᾏእㄪᰝࡢᜠᜨࢆ኱࠸࡟ཷࡅ࡚ࡁࡓ㸬୍᪉࡛㸪⚾ࡣ௨๓࠿ࡽ
ABS ࡢၥ㢟࡟≉࡟㛵ᚰࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸬㸯ᖺ࡯࡝๓࡟㸪᪥ᮏศ㢮Ꮫ఍㐃ྜ࡛ ABS ၥ㢟ࡢᢸᙜࢆ௮ࡏࡘ࠿ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽ㸪ᛴࡈࡋࡽ࠼࡛ຮᙉࢆࡋࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᮏᙜࡢ
࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ࡇࡢ㸯ᖺ㛫㸪ࣂ࢖࢜࢖ࣥࢲࢫࢺ࣮ࣜ༠఍ࢆࡣࡌࡵ㸪ABS ၥ㢟࡟᫇࠿ࡽ῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡗ࡚ࡁࡓ᪉ࠎ࠿ࡽᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚㸪ၥ㢟ࡢᴫせࡣࡔ࠸ࡪ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡑࡢ᪉ࠎ࠿ࡽ່ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࠕ⎔ቃ┬ࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍ࠖࢆ୍⯡ഐ⫈ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢጤဨࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡸ㛵ಀ┬ᗇࡢ᪉ࠎ࡜ࡶ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ពぢ஺᥮ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ
ࡓ㸬௒ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪࠶ࡾ᪉᳨ウ఍࡛ࡣᇶ♏◊✲࡟኱ࡁ࡞㞀ᐖࡀ⏕ࡌ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟༑ศ㓄៖ࡍࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ពぢࡀጤဨ࠿ࡽฟ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉ྥ࡟㐍ࡴࡇ࡜ࢆ♳ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪Ỵࡋ࡚Ἔ᩿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃືྥࢆぢᏲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ
ࡘࡶࡾ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪ྡྂᒇ㆟ᐃ᭩࡛Ỵࡵࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᡃࠎ◊✲⪅ࡀ⮬୺ⓗ࡟ඛྲྀࡾࡍࡿᙧ࡛㑂Ᏺࡋ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪⾜ࡁࡍࡂࡓ┘どࡸฎ⨩࡞࡝ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠸᪉ྥ࡟᪥ᮏࡢᅜෆ
ᥐ⨨ࢆᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡅࢀࡤ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㸬ࡑࢀࡀ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲࡜࠸࠺⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙ࡢᮏ᮶᭱ࡶ㔜せࡔࡗࡓࡣࡎࡢ┠ⓗࢆᯝࡓࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡣࡎࡔ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿ㸬

N. Murakami-5

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 78 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 79 ( 2014)⮬↛ྐ㈨ᩱ཰㞟࡜ ABSす⏣ ἞ᩥ
*୰ኸ኱⌮ᕤᏛ㒊⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ⛉࣭ᮾி኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕≀⛉Ꮫᑓᨷ*112-8551 ᮾி㒔ᩥி༊᫓᪥ 1-13-27
Natural History Collections and ABS
Key Words: collection, museum, science council, treasure
Harufumi Nishida*Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Chuo University;
Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo*1-13-27 Kasuga, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 112-8551 Japan㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ABS ࡣࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㸦㑇ఏ㸧㈨※ࡢ⾮ᖹ࡞ศ㓄ࢆ┠㏵࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬యࡣ᥎㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟୍ᐃࡢព࿡ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪 ABS ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ౯್ࢆ┠Ᏻ࡟⏕≀㈨※ࡢ㓄ศࢆ⾜࡞࠺ࡓࡵ㸪⏕≀ࡢ㠀฼┈㏣ồᆺᏛ⾡฼⏝ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲⪅࡟ࡣ㸪⏕≀ࡢ⌧ᆅほᐹ㸪㈨ᩱࡢ᥇
㞟ࡸ㍺ฟධࡀᛮ࠺ࡼ࠺࡟࡛ࡁ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ㸪࡜࠸࠺᰿῝࠸ᠱᛕࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⛉Ꮫ⪅㞟ᅋࢆ⤫ᣓࡍ ࡿ ᅜ 㝿 ᶵ ᵓ ࡛ ࠶ ࡿ ᅜ 㝿 ⛉ Ꮫ ఍ ㆟ ICSU ࡣ 㸪 2011 ᖺ 9 ᭶ ࡟ Advisory Note
“Access and Benefit Sharing (ABS) System”ࢆⓎ⾲ࡋ࡚㸪ABS ၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ␃ពⅬࢆᣲࡆࡓࠋ
ࡑࡢ୰ࡢࠕ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢ༴ᶵࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿࠖ(Mitigate the biodiversity crisis)࡜࠸࠺⠇࡛㸪
“Scientific organisations should point out to national governments that an overly restrictive
implementation of the ABS system could ultimately lead to the abandonment of academic
non-commercial research and delay or prevent obtaining knowledge urgently needed for theconservation and sustainable use of biological diversity.”࡜グࡋ࡚㸪㠀฼┈㏣ồᆺ◊✲άືࢆጉࡆ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ↓࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᨻᗓ࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ὀពࢆႏ㉳ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢኌ᫂ࡶࡼࡃㄞࡵࡤ㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢಖ඲࡜ᣢ⥆ⓗ฼⏝࡟㛵ࢃࡿ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᳜≀Ꮫ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕≀Ꮫ඲⯡ࡢᇶ♏◊✲࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㓄៖࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞฼┈㏣ồᆺ࡛࡞࠸◊✲ࡢᚲせᛶࢆッ࠼ࡿ㝿࡟㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣࡋࡤࡋࡤࠕ࡞ࡐ
ࢃࡊࢃࡊእᅜࡲ࡛⾜ࡗ࡚⤒῭౯್ࡶ࡞࠸ᶆᮏࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺㉁ၥ࡟㐼㐝ࡍࡿࠋABS ࡜┤᥋㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ㠀฼┈㏣ồᆺࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢከࡃࡀ⮬↛ྐ⛉Ꮫศ㔝࡟ᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ABS
㛵㐃ࡢἲࡸ௙⤌ࡳࢆᩚ࠼ࡿ࡟࠶ࡓࡗ࡚㸪⮬↛ྐ⣔ࡢ◊✲⪅ࡣ࠶ࡽࡓࡵ࡚⮬ࡽࡢ◊✲㈨ᩱ㞟ࡵࡢ♫఍ⓗ౯್ࢆୡ㛫࡟ッ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢᇶ♏࡜࡞ࡿ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᳜≀࡟㝈ࡽࡎᗈࡃ⮬↛ྐ㈨ᩱࢆ㞟ࡵࠊಖ⟶ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゝཬࡋࡘࡘ㸪⮬↛ྐ㈨ᩱࡢಖ⟶࡜཰ᣠ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᭱㏆ࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ືࡁࢆ⤂௓ࡋ࡚㸪ABS ၥ㢟࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬↛ྐ⣔⛉Ꮫࡢ㌟ࡢ࠾ࡁ᪉
H. Nishida - 1

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 79 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 80 ( 2014)ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋ࡚ࡳࡓ࠸ࠋ

㸰㸬⅏ᐖ࠿ࡽࡢᩍカ
2011 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡢ኱㟈⅏࡜ὠἼ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ከᩘࡢ⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡸࡑࢀࢆ཰ⶶࡍࡿ༤≀㤋➼᪋タࡶ⿕⅏ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᩆ᥼ࡶᩥ໬㈈࡟ẚࡋ࡚኱ࡁࡃฟ㐜ࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ(す⏣ 2011ab, ┿㘠2011)ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶᡃᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬↛ྐ⣔༤≀㤋࡜཰ⶶᶆᮏࡢᏑᅾ⌮⏤ࡸ♫఍ⓗព⩏ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ꮫ⾡఍㆟ࢆࡣࡌࡵྛᡤ࡛༑ศࡍࡂࡿ࡯࡝࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟↷ࡽࡋࡓᐇ≧ࡀḢ⡿ඛ㐍ㅖᅜ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᭱㏆࡛ࡣ୰ᅜ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ࡶ㈋ᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ᚑ᮶࠿ࡽᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦す⏣ 2005㸪᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2003ab, 2005, 2007ab, 2010㸧ࠋወࡋࡃࡶࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪኱⅏ᐖࢆዎᶵ࡟෌☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪⅏ᐖ᫬࡟ࡣᩥ໬㈈࡟ẚ࡭࡚⮬↛ྐ⣔ᶆᮏࡢᩆ῭ࡀᚋᡭ࡟ࡲࢃࡗࡓ
ࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜኱࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸦⚄ᗞ௚ 2011㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪⮬↛ྐ⣔⛉Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᦆኻࢆ
ᣍࡃ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎ㸪᪥ᮏࡢ⛉Ꮫࢆᨭ࠼ࡿᇶ♏ᩍ⫱ࡢ༴ᶵࢆᣍ᮶ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ(す⏣ 2010)ࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤒⦋࠿ࡽ᭱㏆㸪᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚ 2 ࡘࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ືࡁࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍ࡘࡣࠕ⮬↛ྐ㈈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡢᥦၐ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ᅜ❧⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋ࡢ᪂タ᱌࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛
ࡣ㸪⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡢព⩏௜ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⥴ㄽࡢᘬ⏝࡟࡜࡝ࡵ㸪⅏ᐖࡢᩍカ࠿ࡽὴ⏕ࡋࡓ⮬↛ྐ⣔◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇࡢ 2 ࡘࡢືࡁࢆ⤂௓ࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡢືྥࡀ ABS ၥ㢟࡟ࡶ㈉⊩࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᥦ㉳ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ

㸱㸬⮬↛ྐ㈈
⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࢆࠕ⮬↛ྐ㈈ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ㄆ㆑ࡋࠊࡑࡢಖ඲ࢆᢸಖࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪉⟇ࢆㅮࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ2011 ᖺ 3.11 ⅏ᐖ᫬ࡢᩥ໬㈈ᩆ᥼యไࡣ㎿㏿࠿ࡘ⣔⤫ⓗ࡛㸪✀ࠎࡢၥ㢟ࡣ࠶ࡗࡓ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᩥ⛉┬࠿ࡽᆅᇦࡢᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡲ࡛ࡢୖពୗ㐩࡜ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡀ⏕࠿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᡤᅾᢕᥱ࡜᝟ሗඹ᭷ࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᩆ῭ࡣಶேⓗ㐃ᦠࢆࡶ࡜࡟࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢཎᅉࡣ㸪ᩥ໬㈈ࡀᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲ࡟
ࡼࡗ࡚ἲⓗ࡟Ꮡᅾࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࡢ⥔ᣢ⟶⌮యไ࡜⤌⧊ࡀࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᵓ㐀ࡢࡼ࠺࡟☜❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜⮬↛ྐᶆᮏ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣᩥ໬㈈ࡢ⠊␪࡟ྵࡵ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡓ⤒⦋ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᫛࿴ 25㸦1950㸧ᖺ࡟ไᐃࡉࢀࡓᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲࡢ❧᱌࡜௻⏬ࡣࠊᙜ᫬ࡢཧ㆟㝔ᩥ㒊ᑓ㛛ဨ➉ෆᩄኵ࡜ࠊཧ㆟㝔ἲไᒁ➨஧㒊㛗ᓊ⏣ᐇ࡜ࡀ୺ᑟࡋ
ࡓࠋᙼࡽࡀྠἲไᐃࡢ⤒㐣࡜㊃᪨ࢆゎㄝࡋࡓࠕᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲヲㄝࠖ(➉ෆ࡜ᓊ⏣ 1950)ࡢᗎᩥ
࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕซࡑᅜᐙࡀ⮬Ẹ᪘ࡢඃ⚽࡞ᩥ໬ⓗ㈨⏘ࡢಖㆤ࡟㑇᠍࡞ࡁࢆᮇࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊỴࡋ࡚೫⊃࡞Ẹ᪘୺⩏࡟ᇶࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᚋࠎࡢୡ௦࡟ᑐࡋࠊཪୡ⏺඲ே㢮࡟ᑐࡋ㈇ᢸࡍࡿᓫ㧗࡞⩏ົ࡜࠸ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࠖ࡜࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⢭⚄࡟↷ࡽࡋ࡚㸪⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡶᙜ↛ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ἲ࡛つᐃࡉࢀࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡇ࡜࡟ࡑࢀࢆໟྵࡋ࡚ἲไ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࢆ⌮⏤࡟㸪ᑗ᮶ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣぢᙜࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ణࡋ᭩ࡁࢆῧ࠼ࡓ࠺࠼࡛㸪ぢ㏦ࡽࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᡃᅜࡣࡇࡢణࡋ᭩ࡁ࡟࠶ࡿ㈐ົࢆ㐙⾜ࡍࡿ⩏ົࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢ⌧≧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪2012 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟㸪᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ࡢᇶ♏⏕≀Ꮫጤဨ఍࡜⥲ྜ⏕≀Ꮫጤဨ఍ྜྠࡢ㺀⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡢᩥ໬㈈໬ศ⛉఍㺁 (㤿Ώ㥴௓ጤဨ㛗)ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ㸪άືࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢศ⛉఍࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕ⮬↛ྐ㈈ࠖ࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞ᴫᛕࡀᥦၐࡉࢀ㸪ࠕᩥ໬㈈໬ࠖ࡜ࡣྡ࠺ࡗ࡚
H. Nishida - 2

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 80 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 81 ( 2014)ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲ࡜ࡣ୍⥺ࢆ⏬ࡋࡓ⮬↛ྐ㈈⊂⮬ࡢἲ᱌ࢆ⟇ᐃࡍࡿ࡭ࡃస
ᴗࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ⮬↛ྐ㈈ࡢᴫᛕࡸᐃ⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡲࡔ㆟ㄽࡢ᭱୰࡛㸪ᐃࡲࡗࡓࡶࡢࡣ࡞࠸
ࡀ㸪ⴭ⪅⊂⮬ࡢぢゎ࡛ᩥ໬㈈࡜ᑐẚࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ⾲ 1 ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋ⮬↛ྐ㈈ࡀ♫఍ⓗ࡟ㄆ▱ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢀࡤ㸪㠀฼┈㏣ồᆺ◊✲࡜ࡑࡢ㈨ᩱ཰㞟ࡢព⩏࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࡼࡾ⌮ゎࡀ῝ࡲࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪⮬↛ྐ㈨ᩱࡢ⥔ᣢ࡜◊✲ࡢ⥅⥆࡜࠸࠺どⅬ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪៏ᛶⓗ࡞ᚋ⥅⪅୙㊊࡜◊✲ᶵ㛵ࡸ◊✲ᐊࡢῶᑡࡀ㸪ࢹࣇࣞࢫࣃ࢖ࣛࣝࡢࡼ࠺࡟⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋே㢮ࡢᣢ⥆ⓗⓎᒎࢆಖドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡜ᆅ⌫⎔ቃࡢ⥅⥆ⓗ┘どࡀḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸᫬௦࡜࡞ࡾ㸪⮬↛ྐ◊✲ࡣ⌧௦ⓗ࡞㔜せᛶࢆᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬↛ྐࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ⎔ቃᩍ⫱ࡸ⏕≀Ꮫⓗ೔⌮ࡢ⫱ᡂ㸪⛉Ꮫ࡬ࡢዲወᚰᑟධࡣ㸪ᑗ᮶ࡢୡ௦ࡢࡓࡵ࡟඘ᐇࡉࡏࡿ࡭ࡁᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞ከᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡭ࡁᇶᖿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᅜෆ࡟ᩚഛࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰᰾࡜࡞ࡗ
࡚ྛᆅᇦࡢ⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋࡜༠ാ࡛ࡁࡿᅜ❧ࡢ᪋タࡀ୙ྍḞ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡀᅜ❧⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋ィ⏬࡟࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
⾲ 1 ᩥ໬㈈࡜⮬↛ྐ㈈
㡯 ┠

ᩥ໬㈈

⮬↛ྐ㈈

ᩥ໬άືࡢᐈほⓗ࡞ᡤ⏘࡜ࡋ࡚ ⮬↛ࡢ≧ែࢆ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟グ㘓ࡋᚋୡࡢㅖ஦㇟ࡲࡓࡣㅖ஦≀(ᗈ㎡ⱌ) ࡟ఏ࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢ⛉Ꮫⓗ࣭ᐈほⓗドᣐᐃ⩏ே㛫ࡀᙧᡂࡋࡓ≀ᚰ୧㠃ࡢᡂᯝ(ᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲ㸧≉ᚩಖㆤࡀ୺┠ᶆ

⟶⌮࡜฼⏝ࡢ୧❧

බ㛤࡜฼⏝

ᾘᴟⓗ

✚ᴟⓗ

᭷ᙧ/↓ᙧ

୧⪅࠶ࡾ

ᇶᮏⓗ࡟᭷ᙧ
(⏕≀,㖔≀㸪໬▼➼㸧ᩥ໬㈈㸪グᛕ≀㸪ఏ⤫ⓗᘓ≀⩌㸪 ࢱ࢖ࣉᶆᮏ㸪⛥ᑡᶆᮏ㸪᭷ព཰㞟ᶆ
⠊␪

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ᮏ⩌㸦ᆅᇦ㸪᫬㛫㸪཰㞟⪅㸧㸪Ꮫ⾡ᣦᐃᶆᮏ࡞࡝

ἲᚊ⤌⧊ᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲ࡞ࡋ ⮬↛ྐ㈈ἲ㸽ᩥ⛉┬௨ୗᕷ⏫ᮧᩍ⫱ጤဨ఍ࡲ ᩥ⛉┬࡟ࡼࡿ⤫ᣓ㸽࡛ࡢࣆ࣑ࣛࢵࢻᵓ㐀㸲㸬ᅜ❧⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋タ⨨ࡢᥦ᱌᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟➨ 22 ᮇࡢ኱つᶍ◊✲࣭᪋タィ⏬ࡢເ㞟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ⌧ᅾࠊ᪂ࡓ࡞ࠕᅜ❧⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋ࠖࡢᘓタᵓ᝿ࡀᥦ᱌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⾡఍㆟ࡢ⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡢᩥ໬㈈໬ศ⛉఍ࠊ⮬↛ྐ࣭ྂ⏕≀Ꮫศ⛉఍ࠊື≀Ꮫศ⛉఍ࡀඹྠ࡛㉳᱌ࡋࠊᛂເせ㡿࡟ἢࡗ࡚ 2013 ᖺ 3 ᭶ᮎ࡟Ꮫ⾡఍㆟Ꮫ⾡ࡢ኱ᆺ◊✲ィ⏬᳨ウศ⛉఍ᐄᥦฟࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠᵝࡢ༤≀㤋ᵓ᝿ࡣࠊᏛ⾡఍㆟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶࡓࡧࡓࡧ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀࠊࡑࢀࡽࡣࡶࡗࡥࡽ㛵ಀᏛၥศ㔝ࡢ᣺⯆ࢆ୺║࡟ࡋࡓࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௒ᅇࡢᥦ᱌ࡀᚑ๓࡜኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ➨୍࡟⮬↛ྐ◊✲ࡀࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡜⏕H. Nishida - 3

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 81 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 82 ( 2014)ែ⣔ࠊᆅᇦཬࡧᆅ⌫඲యࡢ⮬↛⎔ቃࡢ⥅⥆┘ど࡟୙ྍḞ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆタ❧⌮⏤࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ⮬↛ࡢኚ໬ࢆドᣐ࡙ࡅࡿ⮬↛ྐᶆᮏࡢᏳ඲࠿ࡘỌ⥆ⓗ࡞ಖ⟶ࢆಖドࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᩍ⫱ⓗព⩏࡞࡝ࡢᚲせᛶࡀࠊᙉㄪࡉࢀࡓࠋ2014 ᖺ 2 ᭶ࡈࢁࢆ┠ฎ࡟㑅ᐃࡉࢀࡿ 25௳⛬ᗘࡢ᭱㔜Ⅼᩚഛィ⏬࡟ධࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㛵ಀ┬ᗇࡀண⟬໬࡟┠ࢆྥࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࢀࡤ㸪ᐇ⌧ᛶࡣ㧗ࡲࡿࡢࡔࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡤ࠿ࡾࡣⰋ࠸⤖ᯝࢆ㢪࠺ࡋ࠿࡞࠸ࠋ

㸳㸬⮬↛ྐ⛉Ꮫศ㔝ࡢ $%6 ࡬ࡢ㈉⊩ABS ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ⏕≀ࡢ⤒῭ⓗࠕ㈨※ᛶࠖࢆㄽࡎࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶ᮲⣙࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ฼┈ศ㓄ࡢ⌮ᛕ࡟ἢ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࡀࠊࡑࢀ࡜୪⾜ࡋ࡚ࠊ⏕≀ከᵝᛶࡢ⌧≧࡜ᑗ᮶ࢆண
ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕᏛ⾡ᛶࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶࠊ▱㆑ඹ᭷ࡢ⌮ᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕࠿ࡉࡡࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍ぢ㛵ಀࡀⷧ࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿ⮬↛ྐ࡜࠸࠺どⅬࢆ࠶࠼࡚ ABS ၥ㢟࡜࠶ࢃࡏ࡚ㄽࡌࡓࡢࡣ㸪⏕≀ᮦᩱ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪໬▼ࡸ㖔≀࡞࡝ᗈ⠊࡞⮬↛ྐ㈨ᩱࡢ᥇㞟ࡸ㍺ฟධ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡶ⤒῭ⓗ⌮⏤࠿ࡽつไࡀ࠿࠿ࡾጞࡵ㸪ABS ࡟ఝࡓၥ㢟ࡀቑ࠼ጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᅜෆࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ABS ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᅜෆእࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡸ⟶⌮㸪᝟ሗᥦ౪ࢆ࡝ࡇࡀ⾜࡞࠺ࡢ࠿࡜࠸
࠺ၥ㢟ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡓࠋᗈࡃ⮬↛ྐ㈈ࢆᢅ࠺ᶵ㛵࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᅜ❧⮬↛ྐ༤≀㤋ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᴗ
ົࢆ⤫ᣓࡍࡿࡢ࡟᭱㐺࡞⤌⧊࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ

ᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩⚄ᗞఙᖾࠊ㟷ᮌ╬ࠊす⏣἞ᩥࠊᰩཎ♸ྖ 2011㸬ᕳ㢌≉ูᗙㄯ఍ࠕ᪥ᮏࡢᩥ໬㈈ࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗࠖ㸬
Cultivate 38: 6-15㸬
➉ෆᩄኵࠊᓊ⏣ᐇ 1950㸬ᩥ໬㈈ಖㆤἲヲㄝ㸬ยỤ᭩㝔㸬ᮾி㸬す⏣἞ᩥ 2005㸬ᮍ᮶ࢆ⫱࡚ࡿᶆᮏ㸬≉㞟:༤≀㤋㸻ࣔࣀ㞟ࡵࡢᩥ໬㸬඲⛉༠ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ 35: 3-5㸬す⏣἞ᩥ 2010㸬⮬↛ྐ࣭ྂ⏕≀Ꮫᩍ⫱࡜⏕≀ከᵝᛶᩍ⫱㸬≉㞟 2㸸⏕≀ከᵝᛶ࡜⤫ྜ⏕≀Ꮫ㸬Ꮫ⾡ࡢືྥ 15: 109-113㸬
す⏣἞ᩥ 2011a㸬࡞ࡐࡇࡢ㠀ᖖ᫬࡟ᶆᮏ࡜༤≀㤋ࢆ᱌ࡎࡿࡢ࠿ í ࢩ࣏ࣥࢪ࣒࢘㛤ദ㊃᪨㸬≉㞟㸯 ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏࡬ࡢᑐᛂ í Ꮫ⾡ࣇ࢛࣮࣒ࣛࡢᡂᯝࡢᴫせ í ճ⿕⅏ࡋࡓ⮬↛ྐᶆᮏ࡜༤≀㤋ࡢ᚟ᪧ࣭᚟⯆࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸬Ꮫ⾡ࡢືྥ 16: 34-35㸬
す⏣἞ᩥ 2011b㸬ᶆᮏࣞࢫ࣮࢟ࣗࠊ㐣ཤࢆᮍ᮶࡬ í ⮬↛⏺ࡢᩥ໬㈈ࢆᏲࡾఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏í㸬ᒾᵳ㑥⏨ࠊᇽᮏᬡᏊ㸦┘ಟ㸧⅏ᐖ࡜⏕≀ከᵝᛶ㸬⏕≀ከᵝᛶ JAPAN㸬pp㸬70-73㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2003a㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟Ꮫ⾡ᇶ┙᝟ሗᖖ⨨ጤဨ఍ሗ࿌ Ꮫ⾡㈨ᩱࡢ⟶⌮࣭ಖᏑ࣭ά⏝యไࡢ☜❧࠾ࡼࡧᑓ㛛⫋ဨࡢ☜ಖ࡜ࡑࡢ㣴ᡂไᗘࡢᩚഛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2003b㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ື≀⛉Ꮫ◊✲㐃⤡ጤဨ఍࣭᳜≀⛉Ꮫ◊✲㐃⤡ጤဨ఍ሗ࿌
⮬↛ྐ⣔࣭⏕≀⣔༤≀㤋࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱࣭◊✲ࡢ㧗ᗘ໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2005㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ື≀⛉Ꮫ◊✲㐃⤡ጤဨ఍࣭᳜≀⛉Ꮫ◊✲㐃⤡ጤဨ఍ሗ࿌
⮬↛ྐ⣔༤≀㤋࡟࠾ࡅࡿᶆᮏࡢ཰㞟࣭⥅ᢎయไࡢ㧗ᗘ໬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2007a㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟⮬↛ྐ࣭ྂ⏕≀Ꮫศ⛉఍㸦ᇶ♏⏕≀Ꮫጤဨ఍࣭ᛂ⏝⏕≀Ꮫጤဨ఍࣭ᆅ⌫ᝨᫍ⛉Ꮫጤဨ఍ྜྠ㸧ᑐእሗ࿌ ᩥ໬ࡢ᰾࡜࡞ࡿ࡭ࡁ┿ࡢ⮬↛⣔༤≀㤋ࡢ☜❧ࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚㸬
H. Nishida - 4

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 82 ( 2014)

植物科学最前線 5: 83 ( 2014)᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2007b㸬ኌ᫂ ༤≀㤋ࡢ༴ᶵࢆࡢࡾࡇ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸬᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟ 2010. ᪥ᮏᏛ⾡఍㆟᪥ᮏࡢᒎᮃጤဨ఍⏕࿨⛉Ꮫసᴗศ⛉఍ᥦゝ ᪥ᮏࡢᒎᮃ í⏕࿨⛉Ꮫ࠿ࡽࡢᥦゝ.
┿㘠 ┿ 2011.ᮾ᪥ᮏ኱㟈⅏:Ꮫ⾡ࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ࡀྲྀ⤌ࡴ࡭ࡁ⌧ᅾ࡜ᮍ᮶㸬඲⛉༠ࢽ࣮ࣗࢫ 41:
5-7㸬

H. Nishida - 5

BSJ- Revi ew 5: 83 ( 2014)