Foreword
Cognitive imaging technologies
SW and SH program systems
ExamplesForeword
Within data-driven types of decision-support
systems (DSS, DDDSS), visual decision-support
systems are those that try to inspire operator to findsolution (decision) by producing visual representationof the data.
Traditional approaches, that utilize traditional
scientific visualization techniques such as 2D and 3D
plots, vector fields, surface maps etc, works well whensubject to represent is relatively simply structured data,
low-dimensioned and weak interconnected. However,modern scientific experiments, as those in astrophysics
observations,generate
huge
volumesofmultidimensional complicated data.

Information big-bang first causes
New observational
techniques andtechnologies

New informatics, computing
and communications
techniques and technologies

Cognitive visualization
More sophisticated approach for visualizing of
big volumes of multidimensional data is that based on
the cognitive machine graphics techniques, which, forexample, are used in visualization system Space
Walker (SW).
In contrast to illustrative ones, the cognitive
images are aimed to make clear and evident somedifficult scientific concepts and promote us with a newknowledge.

Cognitive visualization
It is known that the human intuition is activatedin the case of the visualization of data. For the firsttime this was clearly demonstrated in the works
Zenkin (1991), in which, in particular, it is shown as
the observation of the cognitive means, connectedwith the properties of the natural numbers series, itmade it possible to formulate and to prove a numberof new theorems on the Warring problem.
At present questions of "obtaining", fixations,"mastering" of empirical experience are considered insuch promising trend of information theory as
engineering of knowledge. Specifically, in this direction
actively are used the achievements of cognitive
psychology, epistemology and mathematical means ofrelational algebra.

Cognitive visualization
Experimental
psychology
hasalready
sufficiently long ago developed and are investigatedthe effects of suggestion, and so the graphic, acoustic
and tactile means of the stimulation of theconsciousness of the human operator. In this sense
the systems of cognitive machine drawing are only
one additional subset of the interesting technicalequipment, which generate new psychologicalphenomena.
The phenomenon of cognitive machinedrawing, for the first time scientifically noted by Zenkin,consists of the generation on the screen of display ofthe special graphic representations, which create in
the brain of human operator entertainment means.

Cognitive images generation
Cognitivegraphics
techniquenoema –
level 1

noeza process
noema –
level 2

Cognitive images generation
The essence of cognitive effect lies in thefact that man receives the moving projection as
pseudo-three-dimensional object characterizing
multidimensional means in the multidimensional
space. Taking into account the fact that the user
can easily change the direction of projection, its
emotional possibilities can be easily begun tooperatefortheformationofcognitive
multidimensional means.
Preliminary scaling is indicative along theaxes with the aid of the ordinal statistician it
ensures authenticity and robustness of this means(Gorohov, Vitkovskiy 1994).

Cognitive images generation
The possibility of the generation of the visualmeans of the multidimensional cloud of data is very
important, since man cannot, examining themultidimensional tables of data see thesemultidimensional means.
The algorithms and the programs, whichachieve a projection of this cloud to the twodimensional hyperplane Q, which coincides with theplane of the display screen, are proposed for this.
The organization of projection to plane Q lies in thefact that is constructed the coordinate system,
attached to this plane. A change of orienting theplane Q is expressed as the values of the guides ofcosines.

Cognitive images generation
Should be noted the striking property of
thetwo-dimensional
projectionof
multidimensional data on the display screen tocause in the brain of man of operator pseudothree-dimensional means during the dynamic
motion of data in the multidimensional phasespace.
This fact involved the comfortable
perception of multidimensional data by man. It is
possible that the already existing procedures of
the contemporary probability theory andmathematical statistics can give and alreadygive the methods of cognitive visualization.

Space Walker system
Appropriate the cognitive pictures not only
make evident and clear the sense of complex anddifficult scientific concepts, but promote, - and not
so very rarely, - a birth of a new knowledge.
On the basis of the cognitive graphics
concept, we worked out the SW-system forvisualization and analysis. It allows to train and toaggravate intuition of researcher, to raise hisinterest and motivation to the creative, scientificcognition, to realize process of dialogue with thevery problems simultaneously.

Space Walker systemIf many objects are studied, then it is possible
to present them in the form of cloud of points in themultidimensional parameters (indications) space. The
configuration of this cloud bears extensive information
about the observed objects.
The form of this multidimensional cloud
characterizes the multidimensional connections
between different parameters for the uniform objects.
These connections are expressed in the form ofmultidimensional figures; the direction of tangents tothem indicates nature and force of statisticalconnections. If initial objects are divided into different
clusters (the most different possible classes), then thisbe reflected in the form of multidimensional means as
its partition into the whimsical family of clouds.

SpaceWalker 3D image

SpaceHedgehog system
The Space Hedgehog system is the next
step in the cognitive means of the multidimensional
data analyze. The technique and technology
cognitive 6D visualization of the multidimensional
data is developed on the basis of the cognitive
visualization
researchandtechnology
development.
The Space Hedgehog system allows direct
dynamic visualization of 6D objects. It is developedwith use of experience of the program SpaceWalker creation and its applications.

3D vector image

SpaceWalker to SpaceHedgehog

SpaceHedgehog 6D image

Non-Cartesian image projectionHubble Deep Field image

Hubble Deep Field Catalogue

HDFC projection b-v,prob z

HDFC projection b-z,v-i

SW 3D image of RC catalogue

SH 6D image of RC catalogue

SH 6D image of RC catalogue

Conclusion
To sum up there is a list of potential advantagesof cognitive DDDS systems compared to traditional DSsystems:
1. Huge volumes of multidimensional data can bepresented simultaneously.
2. The operator when dealing with cognitive image is
not influenced by outer models, what in turn allow touse systems in case of a deep a priory uncertainty.
3. Existing data sets and archives can be used more
successful.
4. Aesthetically attractive images and ability to operateon them like in multidimensional space allow
researcher to utilize his knowledge in connection
with boosted descriptive imagination.
5. This phenomena in turn can inspire intuition for nontrivial decision and solutions.