RIKEN
Accelerator
Progress Reportvol.

独立行政法人理化学研究所 仁科加速器研究センター

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science47

RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report
vol.

47

独立行政法人理化学研究所 仁科加速器研究センター
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
Wako, Saitama, 351-0198 JAPANChairperson of the Editorial Committee

T. Uesaka
Editorial Committee

T. AbeK. Hashimoto
T. Ichihara
T. Ikeda
K. Ishida
A. Kohama
K. Nawa
H. Otsu
T. TadaT. Tamagawa
M. WadaT. Gunji
S. GotoH. Haba
E. Hiyama
Y. Ichikawa
N. Inabe
T. Isobe
K. Morimoto
H. Okuno
R. Seidl
K. Takahashi
K. Tanaka
J. Zenihiro
H. Ishiyama

K. IwaiT. Okayasu

All rights reserved. This report or any part thereof may not be reproduced in any from(including photo static or microfilm form) without written permission from the publisher.
All reports are written on authors’ responsibility and thus the editors are not liable for thecontents of the report.
This complete version of APR can be downloaded from our website.
http://www.nishina.riken.jp/researcher/APR/index_e.html

GRAVURE & HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR
H. Suzuki for the BigRIPS team················································································································
Extending the Nuclear Chart, Expanding our WisdomiN. Inabe et al.·····································································································································
RI beam production at BigRIPS since its commssioning in 2007

iv

N. Fukuda et al.···································································································································
Identification and separation of radioactive isotope beams by the BigRIPS separator at the RIKEN RI Beam Factoryv

H. Suzuki et al.····································································································································
Production cross section measurements of radioactive isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factoryvi

D. Murai et al.·····································································································································
Comparison of production yields of neutron-rich nuclei between Be and W targets by in-flight fission of 238U beamvii

D. Kameda et al.··································································································································
Production rates of new neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei via in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238U beamviii

D. Steppenbeck et al.·····························································································································
Evidence for a new nuclear ʻmagic numberʼ in 54Ca

ix

Y. Sada et al.·······································································································································First physics data of the J-PARC E15 Experimentx

K. Morita et al.····································································································································
Measurement of the 248Cm + 48Ca fusion reaction products at RIKEN GARIS

xi

K. Ozeki et al.·····································································································································
Operational test of micro-oven for 48Ca beamxii

T. Ohnishi et al.···································································································································
Current status of RI beam production at electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT (ERIS)

xiii

C. Santamaria et al.·······························································································································
In-beam validation of the MINOS device at HIMAC

xiv

H. Watanabe et al.································································································································
Seniority isomer in 128Pd

xv

P.-A. Söderström et al.···························································································································
Evolution of collectivity in neutron-rich Ru nuclei

xvi

Mn. Tanaka et al.·································································································································
Isomer spectroscopy of neutron-rich Nd isotopes

xvii

S. Terashima et al.································································································································
Proton scattering of 16C at 300 MeV/nucleon

xviii

J.W. Hwang et al.·································································································································
Structure of 19C studied by one-neutron knockout at SAMURAIxix

H. Otsu et al.······································································································································
Exploration of cluster structure on neutron rich nuclei 16C with SAMURAI magnetic spectrometerxx

A. Matta et al.·····································································································································
Structure study of 10He by 11Li(d,3He) transfer reaction

xxi

Y. Wakabayashi et al.·····························································································································New isotope candidates, 215U and 216U

xxii

H. Haba et al.······································································································································
Production of 262Db in the 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction and decay properties of 262Db and 258Lr

xxiii

K. Yoshida·········································································································································
Beta-decay properties of neutron-rich Zr isotopes studied by the Skyrme enegy-density functional method

xxiv

R. Akimoto et al.··································································································································
Heavy-quark measurement using distance of closest approach analysisxxv

Y. Akiba et al.·····································································································································
Search for a dark photon in π0 Dalitz decays by PHENIX experiment at RHIC

xxvi

T. Noumi and M. Yamaguchi····················································································································
Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory

xxvii

H. Tsuchiya et al.·································································································································
Sudden termination of high-energy γ rays detected from thunderclouds before lightning

xxviiiK. Matsuda et al.··································································································································μSR study of Al-Mg, Al-Si and Al-Mg-Si alloys

xxix

X.G. Zheng et al.·································································································································
Investigation of the magnetic states in new spin-tetrahedral K4Cu4Cl10O

xxx« Selection process of gravure and highlights »Gravure and highlights will be selected by two- steps process. In the first step, referees will
recommend manuscript for gravure or highlight. With the above recommendation, the editors willthen give secondary recommendation.
After the following 1 and 2 are comprehensively considered, the editor-in-chief will draft amanuscript idea which will be thoroughly discussed by the editors for the final decision:
1. Approval based on the editor's judgment as an expert/non-expert in the field ( thereby agreeing
with the referee's recommendation )2. Additional recommendation based on the editor's expertise.

Extending the Nuclear Chart,
	

	

 	

Expanding our Wisdom		

The BigRIPS separator is a new-generation superconducting in-flightfragment separator at the Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF).
Since 2007, the BigRIPS has produced a wide range of radioactive isotope(RI) beams at unprecedented intensities. It is characterized by large ionoptical acceptances, a two-stage structure, and high resolving power forparticle identification (PID).
The large acceptances (±40 and ±50 mrad in the horizontal and verticaldirections, respectively, and ±3% in momentum) allow efficient productionof RI beams using not only projectile fragmentation, but in-flight fission ofa 238U beam with wide kinematical distribution as well.
The two-stage structure enables flexible operations, e.g. separatorspectrometer and separator-separator modes, and reduces demands for
tagging detectors in the second stage. The latter point results in higher
particle identification capability when combined with a high resolving
power of the ion-optical system (see page v for details).

I. PREFACE-i-RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

GRAVURE OF THE YEARRI Beams & New Isotopes for Science
Since 2007, 317 RI beams have been supplied to nuclear physics experiments at the RIBF. The
isotopes are produced from primary beams of 238U, 124Xe, 70Zn, 48Ca, and 18O, as shown with red
circles in Fig. 1 (see page iv for details).
At the same time, yields and production cross sections have been measured for a total of 877 rareisotopes (light blue squares). Among them 47 (blue squares) and 4 (green squares, proton-rich side)
new isotopes produced from the 238U and 124Xe beams are included. The total number of new
isotopes produced at RIKEN, since Nishina’s discovery of 237U, is 87. This number is still increasing
and preliminary results of 69 new isotopes will be reported soon.

New Isomers~ Indications of new aspects of nuclear structure ~We have discovered 18 and 25 new isomers in the newisotope search experiments performed in 2008 and 2011,
respectively (see D. Kameda et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 054319(2012) for details). The existence and properties of new
isomers provide us with information on the structure of therelevant nuclei that is otherwise unavailable.
The newly discovered isomers are of practical importancetoo. The characteristic γ-rays from the isomers enableunambiguous particle identification (PID) and can serve as an
irreplaceable calibration standard for TOF-Bρ-ΔE PID. A good
example is 117Ru shown in the figure on the right. The isomericstates discovered in 2008 have already been used for PID in RI
beam production in the EURICA experiments.
- ii -

Reprinted from D. Kameda et al., Phys. Rev. C
86. 054319 (2012). Copyright (2012) by theAmerican Physical Society.

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

GRAVURE OF THE YEAR

Cross Section and Production Yields of Rare Isotopes~Baseline of RI-beam science~	  Cross section and production yields of rare isotopes are critical in designing RI-beamexperiments. The measured production yields and cross sections are useful to improve ourunderstanding of the reaction mechanism of RI production and refine the theoretical models.
(see pages vi—viii for details)
In figure (a) on the right, the measured
production rates from the 238U+Be
fission are compared with the LISE++
calculations (version 8.4.1) which
employs the abrasion fission (AF)model for the nuclear fission.
The comparison clearly shows a large
disagreement in the region of Z > 50.

The RI production cross sections by thefragmentation of the 124Xe, 70Zn, 48Ca, and 18O
primary beams are compared with predictions of
the EPAX3.01 and EPAX2.15 models.
EPAX2.15 is found to give better predictions forthe 48Ca beam, as shown in the figure (b) on theright, while EPAX3.01 produces successful
predictions for the 124Xe primary beam.
These yield and cross section data are available
ath"p://www.nishina.riken.jp/RIBF/BigRIPS/intensity.html.

Future work
Primary-beam intensities at the RIBF are increasing every year. At the same time, the demand for
RI beams with higher Z and/or with higher intensity is increasing.
Recently, several trials were successful in increasing the limits of the counting rate for thedetectors and improving A/Q resolution for RI beams with high Z where many charge states are
mixed; introduction of Ag electrodes to the parallel plate avalanche counters resulted in better rate
duration, i.e. stable operation up to 70 kcps even for RI beams with Z > 60. A new mechanism toshift plastic-scintillator positions, with respect to the beam position, helps us to avoid deteriorationof time resolution due to radiation damage by heavy-ion irradiation. New ion-optics is found to be
useful in improving the A/Q resolution, where Bρ resolution at the second stage is designed to be
doubled compared with the previously used optics.
The BigRIPS team continues to make efforts to provide RI beams with higher intensities andhigher qualities.
Hiroshi Suzuki for the BigRIPS team- iii -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

RI beam production at BigRIPS since its commissioning in 2007
N. Inabe,*1 N. Fukuda,*1 H. Takeda,*1 D. Kameda,*1 H. Suzuki,*1 Y. Shimizu,*1 H. Sato,*1 D. Murai,*1 D. S. Ahn,*1
T. Ohnishi,*1 K. Kusaka,*1Y. Yanagisawa,*1 A. Yoshida,*1 K. Tanaka,*1 M. Ohtake,*1 K. Yoshida,*1 and T. Kubo*1

Fig.1 RI's produced at BigRIPS from March 2007 to July 2013.
Since the commissioning of the BigRIPS separator1) inMarch 2007, a variety of RI beams have been produced at
the BigRIPS and used for experiments. Figure 1 shows thenuclear chart in which all isotopes produced at the BigRIPS
from March 2007 to July 2013 are indicated in different
colors. Red indicates isotopes used for experiments andlight blue indicates isotopes whose production yields andcross sections were measured. New isotopes are shown in
different colors according to the year in which they werediscovered: blue in 2007 and 2008, green in 2011, andpurple in 2012. Light isotopes with Z < 25 were produced
using projectile fragmentations of 18O, 48Ca, and 70Zn
beams. The projectile fragmentation of 124Xe is used for
proton rich isotopes, and the in-flight fission of 238U for
medium and heavy (Z = 20~68) isotopes. The production
yields were measured for 569 isotopes. A total of 169 RI
beams were used in the experiments. 89 new isotopes werediscovered by the in-flight fission of 238U and 4 newisotopes were discovered by the projectile fragmentation of124
Xe.
The number of experiments performed using RI beams forvarious primary beams in each year is summarized in Table
1. Before 2010, RI beams were mainly produced using the238
U beam with low intensity and 48Ca. In December 2011,
proton rich RI beams including 100Sn were produced fromthe accelerated 124Xe beam for the first time. In 2012, RI
beams around 78Ni, 115Nb, 123Rh, 128Pd, and 136Sn including＊1

new isotopes discovered in 2008 were produced from the
U beam with increased intensity (~10 pnA) and delivered
to EURICA. Another 18 new isotopes were discovered at
this time.
In April 2013, 16C was delivered to ESPRI and 16C and12
C were delivered to SAMURAI. Heavy RI beams around142
Te, 150Ba and 158Nd and middle ones around 104,108Y, 108Zr,
and 72Fe from 238U were delivered to EURICA in May andJune 2013. Very proton rich RI beams of 100Sn and 73Srfrom 124Xe were also delivered to EURICA in June 2013.
Production yields and cross sections of isotopes produced
in 2013 are currently being analyzed.
238

Table1. Number of experiments performed using RI beams
in each fiscal year.
238

U

124

Xe

86

Kr

70

Zn

48

Ca

'07

4

'08

2

4

'09

3

3

18

O

14

N

5

10

'11

4

2

'12

6

3

'13

4

2

Tot

23

7

3
1

1

2

10
13

2

8
20

1

4

6

1

21

12

3
1

Tot
6

9
5

References
1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).

- iv -He

1'10

RIKEN Nishina Center

4

1

71

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Identification and separation of radioactive isotope beams by the
BigRIPS separator at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory†N. Fukuda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 T. Ohnishi,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 and H. Suzuki1
We have developed a method for achieving excellent
resolving power for in-flight particle identification ofradioactive isotope (RI) beams, which is routinely usedwith the BigRIPS fragment separator1) at the RIKEN
RI Beam Factory (RIBF)2) . In the BigRIPS separator, RI beams are identified by their atomic number Z
and mass-to-charge ratio A/Q, which are in turn deduced from the measurements of time of flight (TOF),
magnetic rigidity (Bρ), and energy loss (∆E). Suchin-flight particle identification is essential for delivering tagged RI beams, making it possible to perform
various types of experiments including secondary reaction experiments. Since the total kinetic energy is notmeasured in this scheme, and consequently A and Q
cannot be determined independently, the resolution of
A/Q must be adequately high to identify the charge
state Q of RI beams. This is achieved in the Z versus A/Q particle identification plot as demonstrated
in Fig. 1, where fully stripped and hydrogen-like peaks
are very closely located.
We achieved a high A/Q resolution by precisely determing the Bρ and TOF values. Precise Bρ was determined by the trajectory reconstruction method forwhich ion-optical transfer matrix elements were experimentally determined up to the third-order. The significant improvement in A/Q resolution by our trajectory reconstruction technique is clearly seen in Fig. 2,
where comparion of the A/Q resolution among threedifferent transfer matrix elements in the trajectory reconstruction is shown. Precise TOF was determinedby the slew correction method for TOF signals. We iteratively carried out the derivation of transfer matrix
elements and slew correction such that the A/Q resolution was best optimized. Furthermore we completely
removed background events to enhance the reliabilityof particle identification.
The excellent particle identification thus achieved
allows us to supply tagged RI beams to a variety ofexperiments at RIBF. Furthermore it helps us to reliably identify new isotopes from a very small number of
events. Such enhanced capability of the BigRIPS separator is significantly advancing the research on exotic
nuclei at RIBF.

58

Z

Te51+
142
Te52+

105
104

52

103

50

102

48

10

46
44
2.55 2.6 2.65 2.7 2.75 2.8

1

A/Q

Fig. 1. Z versus A/Q particle identification plot for fission fragments produced in the 238 U + Pb reaction at
345 MeV/nucleon. The experimental conditions and
BigRIPS setting are given in the G3 Setting section in
Ref.3) .

108 (a) COSYσ A/Q = 0.064% for 135Sn50+
106
104
102
1
108 (b) Experimental: 1st order 135 50+
σ A/Q = 0.050% for Sn

Counts

106
104
102

1
order
108 (c) Experimental: Up to 3rd135
σ A/Q = 0.039% for Sn50+

106

Sn49+
138
Sn50+

135

104
102
1
2.55

2.6

2.65

2.7

2.75

2.8

A/Q

References

∗1

139

A-1 A

54

Fig. 2. Comparison of the A/Q resolution among threedifferent transfer matrix elements used in trajectoryreconstruction. The comparison is shown for Sn isotopes produced by in-flight fission of a 238 U beam at
345 MeV/nucleon. The experimental conditions and
BigRIPS settings are the same as those in Fig. 1.

1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
2) Y. Yano: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 261, 1009 (2007).
3) T. Ohnishi et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 073201 (2010).
†

A+3

56

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 323(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center-v-

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Production cross section measurements of radioactive isotopes by
BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory†
H. Suzuki,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1
Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 M. Kurokawa,∗1 T. Ohnishi,∗1 K. Tanaka,∗1
O. B. Tarasov,∗1,∗2 D. Bazin,∗1,∗2 D. J. Morrissey,∗1,∗2 B. M. Sherrill,∗1,∗2 K. Ieki,∗1,∗3 D. Murai,∗1,∗3
N. Iwasa,∗1,∗4 A. Chiba,∗1,∗4 Y. Ohkoda,∗1,∗4 E. Ideguchi,∗5 S. Go,∗1,∗6 R. Yokoyama,∗6 T. Fujii,∗6
D. Nishimura,∗1,∗7 H. Nishibata,∗1,∗8 S. Momota,∗1,∗9 M. Lewitowicz,∗10 G. DeFrance,∗10 I. Celikovic,∗10 and
K. Steiger∗11
46

We have measured the production rates and production cross sections for a variety of radioactive isotopes which were produced from 124 Xe, 48 Ca, and 238 U
beams at an energy of 345 MeV/nucleon using the BigRIPS separator1).
Proton-rich isotopes with atomic numbers Z = 4052 were produced by projectile fragmentation of the124
Xe beam on a Be target, during which we also measured their momentum distributions. We found thatthe exponential tails at the low-momentum region fall
off faster than those of the LISE++2) calculation withthe original parameterization. The EPAX3.01 crosssection formula3) agreed fairly well with the experimental cross sections. Furthermore, we have discovered four new isotopes on the proton-drip line, 85,86 Ru
and 81,82 Mo. Figure 1 (a) shows a two-dimensional plotof Z versus mass-to-charge ratio (A/Q) in the 85 Ru setting. The four new isotopes were clearly identified on
the left side of the solid lines, which indicate the limits of known isotopes. In the 105 Te setting, 103 Sb was
not observed in our measurement, as shown in Fig. 1(b). We obtained clear evidence that 103 Sb is particleunbound with a half-life upper limit of 49 ns.
Neutron-rich isotopes with Z = 5-16 were producedby the projectile fragmentation of the 48 Ca beam on
Be targets. The EPAX2.15 formula4) reproduces theexperimental cross sections fairly well.
Neutron-rich isotopes with Z = 20-59 were produced
by in-flight fission of a 238 U beam on Be and Pb targets. The measured production rates were comparedwith the LISE++ calculations, in which the abrasion
fission (AF) model and the AF + Coulomb fission
model were used for the 238 U+Be and 238 U+Pb cases,

new

45
44

85

Ru

43

known

(a)

86

Ru

Z 42
41

81

Mo 82
Mo

40
39
38
1.9 1.92 1.94 1.96 1.98 2 2.02 2.04
A/Q
54
new
known
52

(b)

103

Sb

50
Z 48
46
44
1.9

1.95

2

2.05
A/Q

2.1

2.15

2.2

Fig. 1. (a)Enlarged two-dimensional PID plot of Z vs.
A/Q for 85 Ru setting. 85,86 Ru and 81,82 Mo are the newisotopes. (b)PID plot for 105 Te setting.

respectively. In the former case, the LISE++ calculations reproduced the experimental production rates
well for the Z < 50 region but underestimated themfor Z > 50. In the latter case, the LISE++ predictions
reproduce them fairly well overall.

†

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys.
Res., B 317, 756 (2013)∗1 RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University∗3 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗4 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗5 Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗6 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗7 Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science∗8 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗9 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi
University of Technology∗10 Grand Accelerateur National d’Ions Lourds∗11 Physik Department, Technische Universität München

References
1) T. Kubo et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 204,
97 (2003).
2) O.B.Tarasov and D.Bazin: LISE++ site, http://lise.nscl.edu,
Michigan State University.
3) K. Sümmer: Phys. Rev. C 86, 014601 (2012).
4) K. Sümmer and B. Blank: Phys. Rev. C 61, 034607(2000).

- vi -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Comparison of production yields of neutron-rich nuclei between Be
and W targets by in-flight fission of 238 U beam
D. Murai,∗1,∗2 T. Kubo,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1
K. Kusaka,∗1 K. Tanaka,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 T. Ohnishi,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Baba,∗1
M. Kurokawa,∗1 K. Ieki,∗1,∗2 D. Nishimura,∗1,∗3 E. Ideguchi,∗4 S. Go,∗1,∗5 R. Yokoyama,∗5 T. Fujii,∗1,∗5
N. Iwasa,∗1,∗6 T. Yamada,∗6 A. Chiba,∗1,∗6 S. Momota,∗1,∗7 H. Nishibata,∗1,∗8 O. B. Tarasov,∗1,∗9
D. J. Morrissey,∗1,∗9 B. M. Sherrill,∗1,∗9 Y. Satou,∗1,∗10 S. Kim,∗1,∗10 J. W. Hwang∗1,∗10 and G. Simpson∗11
The target thicknesses were 5 and 0.7 mm for the
Be and W targets, respectively; these thickness wereenergy-loss equivalent. The BigRIPS setting was thesame as the 168 Gd setting in the new-isotope-search experiment.1) The total rates were 79.9 counts/particlenA and 51.5 counts/particle nA for the Be and W targets, respectively. Figure 1 shows the Z versus A/Q
plots for the Be and W targets. The resolutions of
A/Q and Z are typically 0.045% and 0.45%, respectively. Figure 2 shows the production yield for eachtarget. The squares and circles show the experimental
data obtained with the Be and W targets, respectively.
The result indicate that the production yield with the
Be target is larger than that with the W target in theregion where Z > 62.

Yield/(pps/pnA)

We have measured production yields by the in-flightfission of a 238 U beam at 345 MeV/nucleon with a Be
target and a W target, and investigated the suitabilityof the targets for the production of neutron-rich nuclei
with atomic numbers Z ranging from 57 to 69. The isotopes were produced and identified using the BigRIPS
separator. Particles were identified by the Bρ-TOF∆E method to determine Z and the mass-to-charge
ratio A/Q.

101
100

10-1

Nd

Sm Gd

(a)

Dy

Ce

Er

10-2

Yield/(pps/pnA)

10-3
150
101

10

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗3 Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science∗4 Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗5 Center of Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi
University of Technology∗8 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗9 NSCL, Michigan State University∗10 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University∗11 LPSC-IN2P3- vii -

Pr

100

10-1

Fig. 1. Particle identification plot of Z versus A/Q obtained with (a) the Be target and (b) the W target.

155

-2

10-3
150

160 165 170
Mass number
Pm Eu

Tb

(b)
Ho
Tm

La
155

180

175

160 165 170
Mass number

175

180

Fig. 2. Measured production yields with the Be (squares)
and W (circles) targets. (a) Results for even-Z isotopes.
(b) Results for odd-Z isotopes.

The transmission of the BigRIPS separator is nottaken into consideration in these results. We are proceeding with the analysis to deduce the production
cross sections.
References
1) D. Kameda et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 117(2012).

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Production rates of new neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei via in-flight fission of a345 MeV/nucleon 238U beam
D. Kameda,*1 T. Kubo, *1 N. Fukuda,*1 H. Takeda,*1 H. Suzuki,*1 K. Yoshida,*1 K. Kusaka,*1 K. Tanaka,*1 Y. Yanagisawa,*1
M. Ohtake,*1 N. Inabe,*1 H. Sato,*1 Y. Shimizu,*1 H. Baba,*1 M. Kurokawa,*1 D. Nishimura,*1,*2 T. Ohnishi,*1 N. Iwasa,*1,*3
A. Chiba,*1,*3 T. Yamada,*1,*3 E. Ideguchi,*4 S. Go,*1,*5 R. Yokoyama,*5 T. Fujii,*5 H. Nishibata,*1,*6 K. Ieki,*1,*7 D. Murai,*1,*7
S. Momota,*1,*8 Y. Satou,*9 J. W. Hwang,*1,*9 S. Kim,*1,*9 O. B. Tarasov,*1,*10 D. J. Morrissey,*1,*10
B. M. Sherrill,*1,*10 and G. Simpson*11
The reaction mechanism of in-flight fission is not clear
yet due to the complexity of the abrasion fission process, inwhich many kinds of fissile nuclei can contribute to the
production of fission fragments. The measurement of the
production rates of various fission fragments is useful not
only to plan various experiments but also to understandsuch a reaction mechanism. In 2011, using a 345
MeV/nucleon 238U beam with a Be target, we searched for
new isotopes and isomers whose atomic numbers roughly
range from 56 to 68.1) Here, we report on the production
rates of new isotopes, in addition to the improvements inparticle identification (PID) compared to our previous
report.2)
Fission fragments were separated and analyzed using the
BigRIPS separator. We adopted two settings that targeted
the regions of nuclei around 159Pr and 168Gd. The
mass-to-charge ratio (A/Q) was deduced from the time offlight (TOF) and magnetic rigidity measurements obtainedusing BigRIPS. The atomic number (Z) was deduced fromthe TOF and energy losses, which were measured using a
stack of Si detectors in the focal plane. The PID plot in theregion of 159Pr is presented in Fig. 1. Since our previous
report,2) we have modified the gate conditions to remove
background events and improved the resolutions of A/Q and
Z by carrying out detailed analysis. As a result, in the twosettings, we identified a total of 26 new isotopes: 153Ba,
154,155,156
La, 156,157158Ce, 156,157,158,159,160Pr, 162,163Nd, 164,165Pm,
166,167
Sm, 169Eu, 171Gd, 173,174Tb, 175,176Dy, 177Ho, and 179Er.
The production rates of fully stripped fragments arepresented in Fig. 2 along with the LISE++ calculations.3)
Here, for the LISE++ abrasion fission (AF) model, we
adopted the same parameters as those used in the previous
experiment.4) This AF model reproduced the production
rates in the region of Z = 20 to 49 fairly well.4,5) In thepresent region of Z = 56 to 65, however, the calculations areorders of magnitudes smaller than the measured rates. Thisdifference might be due to the AF model parameters, whichwere optimized to reproduce limited cross-section data for Z= 20 to 46.3) Further systematic studies are now in progress.

Fig. 1. Z versus A/Q PID plot in the region of 159Pr. The redlines indicate the known limits of neutron-rich isotopes.

Fig. 2. Measured production rates of (a) even-Z and (b)odd-Z isotopes in the region of 159Pr. The red arrows
indicate the production rates of new isotopes. The LISE++
calculations are denoted by the dashed or solid curves
without circles (see text).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science＊3
Department of Physics, Tohoku University＊4
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University＊5
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo＊6
Department of Physics, Osaka University＊7
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University＊8
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kochi Universityof Technology＊9Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University＊10
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State
University＊11
LPSC-IN2P3＊1＊2

References

1) D. Kameda et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 117 (2012).
2) D. Kameda et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 20 (2013).
3) O. B. Tarasov and D. Bazin: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 266, 4657
(2008) and references therein.
4) T. Ohnishi et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 073201 (2010).
5) H. Suzuki et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 756 (2013).

- viii -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Evidence for a new nuclear ‘magic number’ in 54 Ca†
D. Steppenbeck,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗2 N. Aoi,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗2 M. Matsushita,∗1 H. Wang,∗2 H. Baba,∗2
N. Fukuda,∗2 S. Go,∗1 M. Honma,∗4 J. Lee,∗2 K. Matsui,∗5 S. Michimasa,∗1 T. Motobayashi,∗2 D. Nishimura,∗6
T. Otsuka,∗1∗5 H. Sakurai,∗2∗5 Y. Shiga,∗7 P.-A. Söderström,∗2 T. Sumikama,∗8 H. Suzuki,∗2 R. Taniuchi,∗5
Y. Utsuno,∗9 J. J. Valiente-Dobón,∗10 and K. Yoneda∗2
Over recent years, the evolution of nuclear shellstructure in exotic, neutron-rich nuclei has attracted
much attention on both the experimental and theoretical fronts. In the neutron-rich f p shell, the onset of
the N = 32 subshell closure is well established fromthe structural characteristics of 52 Ca1,2) , 54 Ti3,4) and56
Cr5,6) . This subshell gap is reproduced successfully
by numerous theoretical predictions. In the frameworkof tensor-force-driven shell evolution7) , the onset of the
N = 32 subshell closure results as a direct consequenceof a sizable νp3/2 –νp1/2 gap, which presents itself as
the νf5/2 orbital shifts up in energy owing to a weakening of the attractive πf7/2 –νf5/2 interaction as protons
are removed from the πf7/2 orbital. Another important manifestation of some theories is the prediction ofa large subshell gap at N = 34, which develops if theνf5/2 orbital lies sufficiently high in energy above theνp1/2 orbital. It has already been shown that no significant N = 34 subshell gap exists in 56 Ti4,8) or 58 Cr6,9)
and, therefore, the size of the energy gap in 54 Ca is
an important structural characteristic that requires experimental input. Moreover, the single-particle statesof 53 Ca should also reflect the nature of the N = 34
subshell closure in isotopes far from stability.
The structures of 54 Ca and 53 Ca were investigatedusing in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy at the RIBF to address this issue. A primary beam of 70 Zn30+ ions at 345
MeV/u was used to create a radioactive beam containing 55 Sc and 56 Ti, which was focused on a 10-mm-thickFig. 2. (colour) Doppler-corrected γ-ray energy spectra for(a) 54 Ca and (c) 53 Ca. Insets (b) and (d) indicate γ
rays in coincidence with the 2043- and 1753-keV lines.

Be reaction target located inside the DALI2 γ-ray detector array at F8. Reaction products were identified
with the ZeroDegree spectrometer (see Fig. 1).
The energy spectra for 54 Ca and 53 Ca deduced in thepresent work are presented in Fig. 2. The most intense
peak in the 54 Ca spectrum, the line at 2043(19) keV,+ground-state transition.
is assigned as the 2+
1 → 0
Several other weaker lines are also reported. The relatively high energy of the 2+
1 state reflects the doubly
magic nature of 54 Ca and provides direct experimental
evidence for the onset of a sizable subshell closure in
N = 34 isotones far from stability. Shell-model calculations adopting a modified GXPF1B Hamiltonian
indicate that the strength of the N = 34 subshell gap
in 54 Ca (the νp1/2 –νf5/2 SPO energy gap) is in factcomparable to the N = 32 subshell gap in 52 Ca (theνp3/2 –νp1/2 SPO energy gap) (see original Letter for
details). In the 53 Ca spectrum, the 1753(15)-keV transition is reported for the first time, while the line at2227(19) keV is consistent in energy with a transitionpreviously measured in a decay study10) .

Fig. 1. (colour) Particle identification plots measured by(a) the BigRIPS separator and (b) the ZeroDegree spectrometer. The black circle indicates 54 Ca events.

References
1) A. Gade et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 021302(R) (2006).
2) F. Wienholtz et al., Nature 498, 346 (2013).
3) R. V. F. Janssens et al., Phys. Lett. B 546, 55 (2002).
4) D.-C. Dinca et al., Phys. Rev. C 71, 041302(R) (2005).
5) R. Chapman et al., Nucl. Phys. A 119, 305 (1968).
6) A. Bürger et al., Phys. Lett. B 622, 29 (2005).
7) T. Otsuka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 232502 (2005).
8) S. N. Liddick et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 072502 (2004).
9) J. I. Prisciandaro et al., Phys. Lett. B 510, 17 (2001).
10) F. Perrot et al., Phys. Rev. C 74, 014313 (2006).

†

Condensed from the article in Nature 502, 207 (2013).
∗1 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo.
∗2 RIKEN Nishina Center.
∗3 RCNP, University of Osaka.
∗4 Center for Mathematical Sciences, Aizu University.
∗5 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo.
∗6 Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science.
∗7 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University.
∗8 Department of Physics, Tohoku University.
∗9 Japan Atomic Energy Agency.
∗10 Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro.

- ix -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARFirst physics data of the J-PARC E15 Experiment
Y. Sada,∗1,∗2 M. Iwasaki,∗1,∗3 Y. Ma,∗1 H. Ohnishi,∗1 F. Sakuma,∗1 M. Sato,∗1 M. Tokuda,∗1,∗3 Q. Zhang,∗1
for the J-PARC E15 Collaboration
1

Introduction

The details of the spectrometer system can be foundin another paper3) .

The K̄N interaction has been determined to bestrongly attractive through extensive measurements of
the kaonic hydrogen atom and low-energy K̄N scattering. As a consequence of strong K̄N interaction, there
are many theoretical predictions of the deeply boundK-nuclear states. In particular, an extensive study on
the simplest K-nuclear bound system, K̄NN, has beenin progressed on both the theoretical and experimental1) sides. Since available experimental information islimited, interpretations of the results are controversial.
To completely understand the K̄N interaction, we require more experimental results on various interactions
for formation of the K̄NN bound state. The E15 experiment at the K1.8BR beam-line aims to search for
the K̄NN bound state2) with the in-ﬂight 3 He(K− , N)reaction at 1.0 GeV/c. Such measurement allows us toinvestigate the K̄NN bound state in terms of both its
formation via missing-mass spectroscopy and its decay
via invariant-mass spectroscopy.
2

3

The ﬁrst physics run of the E15 experiment was
carried out in May 2013. By irradiating 5 × 109
kaons on the helium-3 target, 3 × 105 forward neutrons were successfully recorded.The accumulated data
corresponds to 1% of the statistics requested in theoriginal proposal. Fig 1 shows the missing mass ofthe 3 He(K− , n) reactions measured by the NC. One ormore charged tracks are required in the CDS to reconstruct the reaction vertex.
In the spectrum, a peak from the quasi-free reaction K − N → K̄N on 3 He is clearly seen. The spectrum with Ks0 tagged in the CDS is superimposed on
the ﬁgure, in which the excess below the K̄NN threshold (2.37 GeV/c2 ) is not observed. Therefore the excess below the K̄NN threshold in the semi-inclusive3
He(K− , n) spectrum is barely explained by the detector responses and the quasi-free reaction. Further
analysis is in progress to understand the observed spectrum.

Experimental setup

The experimental setup consists of three parts: ahigh-precision beam-line spectrometer, a cylindricaldetector system (CDS) that surrounds a liquid 3 He target system, and forward particle TOF detectors. The
kaon beam at a momentum of 1.0 GeV/c is identiﬁedusing an aerogel Cherenkov counter. The kaon beam
momentum is analyzed by the beam-line spectrometer,
which has a momentum resolution of 2.2 MeV/c at 1.0
GeV/c. The CDS is placed around the target in orderto detect decay particles from the K̄NN bound state.
The CDS consists of a solenoid magnet, a cylindricaldrift chamber (CDC), and a cylindrical detector hodoscope (CDH). The decay particles from the target
are detected by the CDS, which has a solid angle coverage of 59% of 4π. With the CDS, we can performparticle identiﬁcation and track reconstruction (momentum resolution is 5% at 600 MeV/c ). A neutron
TOF counter (NC), placed 15 m downstream from thecenter of the target at 0 degrees with respect to thebeam direction, measures forward-going neutral particles. The TOF resolution is determined to be 150 ps(σ) using a gamma-ray data sample. The missing-massresolution of the 3 He(K− , n) reaction is estimated to be
9 MeV/c2 at the region of interest (Pn ∼ 1.2 GeV/c).
∗1
∗2
∗3

First physics data

Fig. 1. Missing masses of the 3 He(K− , n) reactions.

References
1) M. Agnello, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 94, 212303 (2005).;
T. Yamazaki, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 104, 132502(2010).;
L. Fabbietti, et al., Nucl. Phys. A 914, 60 (2013).;A. O. Tokiyasu, et al.; Phys. Lett. B 728C, 616-621(2014).
2) M. Iwasaki, et al (E15 collaboration), J-PARC E15 proposal, (http://j-parc.jp/NuclPart/pac 0606/pdf/p15Iwasaki.pdf).
3) K. Agari, et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 02B011 (2012).
5

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Japan
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology,
Japan

-x-

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Measurement of the 248Cm + 48Ca fusion reaction products at RIKEN GARIS
K. Morita,*1,*2 K. Morimoto,*1 D. Kaji,*1 H. Haba,*1 Y. Wakabayashi,*1 M. Takeyama,*3,*1 S. Yamaki,*4,*1 K. Tanaka,*5,*1
H. Hasebe,*1 M. Huang,*1 J. Kanaya,*1 M. Murakami,*6,*1 A. Yoneda,*1 A. Yoshida,*1 T. Yamaguchi,*4 F. Tokanai,*3
T. Yoshida,*3 Z. Gan,*7 L. Ma,*7 H. Geissel,*8 S. Hofmann,*8 Y. Maurer,*8 K. Fujita,*2 Y. Narikiyo,*2 T. Tanaka,*2
S. Yamamoto,*2 M. Asai,*9 and K. Katori*1
The reaction, 248Cm + 48Ca  296Lv*(Livermorium, Z =116), has been studied at the RIKEN Linear Accelerator(RILAC) Facility using a gas-filled recoil ion separator
GARIS. Although this reaction was intensively studied at
the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction (FLNR),
andGSI,
Helmholtzzentrum
fürRussia1,2),
Schwerionenforschung, Germany3), the number of observed
events is still very small because of the small production
cross sections. The first aim of the present study is toobserve more events in the region of superheavy nuclei andpossibly to obtain new spectroscopic information of thosenuclei. The second aim is to examine the performance of
the GARIS facility using the relevant reaction for a future
project with the 50Ti beam, instead of the 48Ca beam, tosearch for new heaviest nuclei. Because of the limitation oftarget nuclear species, one needs to use beams heavier than48
Ca for further investigation of superheavy nuclei.
A 48Ca beam was accelerated by RILAC at 262 MeV, andit irradiated 248Cm targets prepared by electro deposition of248
Cm3O8 on titanium foils. Eight targets were mounted on awheel rotating at 1000 rpm. The diameter of the wheel is
10 cm. The average thickness of 248Cm3O8 was 0.290
mg/cm2, which contained 0.265 mg/cm2 248Cm, and that oftitanium foils was 0.903 mg/cm2. The energy of the beam at
half depth of the target was estimated to be 250 MeV byusing a range-energy table. Reaction products wereseparated from beam particles and from unwanted particles
by GARIS and then implanted in a position-sensitive
semiconductor detector (PSD), which covered 60 mm×60
mm, set on the focal plane of GARIS. Four side detectors(SSDs) of the same size were set in a box arrangement todetect the decay products (alpha particles or spontaneous
fission (SF) fragments) emitted at backward angles from the
PSD. Time-of-flight counters consisting of micro-channel
plates (MCPs) were set upstream of the PSD. The average
beam intensity was 0.8 particle A. In a beamtime of
10days, 4.3×1018 48Ca ions irradiated the targets. The B
value of the GARIS was set to 2.21 Tm.

We observed five correlated events during the experiment,
all of which terminated by spontaneous fission (SF). Decay
characteristics of those events agreed well with previous
studies1,2,3). Although it is difficult to identify the nuclidesof the products only from the present experimental study,
we could state that two of the events were attributed to the
decays of 293Lv (3 n evaporation channel) and three of themto the decays of 292Lv (4 n evaporation channel) by referringto the assignments in the previous studies. The two events
attributed to the 293Lv decay consisted of three consecutivealpha decays followed by SF. The two events attributed to
the 292Lv decay consisted of two alpha decays followed by
SF. One of the events we tentatively assigned to the decayof 292Lv consisted of three alpha decays followed by SF.
The tentative assignment is based on the decay
characteristics of the decay energies and decay times of292
Lv and 288Fl (Flerovium, Z = 114) and the decay time of284
Cn (Copernicium, Z = 112). Because an alpha decay of284
Cn has not been observed, this possibly involves a new
decay mode of 284Cn and new isotope 280Ds decays by SF.
The production cross sections of 293Lv and 292Lv werededuced to be 2.1+2.9-1.4 pb and 3.1+3.0-1.7 pb, respectively, by
assuming the transmission of GARIS to be 0.35. Observed
events are summarized in Table I.
Further analysis is now in progress.
Table I Observed decay events, energies, and time intervals of the events.
Bottom row indicates the possible assignments of nuclei
Chain 1

Chain 2

Chain 3Chain 4

Chain 510.79 MeV

10.47 MeV

2.77 MeV+

10.66 MeV

7.76 MeV++

0.032 s0.253 s0.0020 s

0.0041 s

0.032 s9.89 MeV

9.89 MeV

9.99 MeV

0.83 MeV+

9.72 MeV

0.548 s3.97 s0.243 s0.0090 s

0.666 s232 MeV

2.46 MeV+

182 MeV

9.09 MeV

1.64 MeV+

0.065 s7.76 s

0.832 s292+

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Department of Physics, Kyushu University＊3
Department of Physics, Yamagata University＊4
Department of Physics, Saitama University＊5
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science＊6
Department of Chemistry, Niigata University＊7
Institute of Modern Physics, Lanzhou＊8
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung＊9
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency

7.56 s

163 MeV

221 MeV19.8 s

0.0096 s

4.63 s

292

293

293

Lv

292

Lv

Lv+++

Lv

escape energies (partly measured using PSD)

++

＊1

Lv

0.282 s

195 MeVenergies measured only using SSD. +++ tentative

References

1) Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al.: Phys. Rev. C63, 011301(R) (2000).
2) Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al.: Phys. Rev. C70, 064609 (2004).
3) S. Hofmann et al.: Eur. Phys. A48, 62 (2012).

- xi -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Operational test of micro-oven for 48Ca beam†
K. Ozeki,*1 T. Kageyama,*1 M. Kidera,*1 Y. Higurashi,*1 and T. Nakagawa*1
In order to supply a high-intensity and stable 48Ca beamfrom the 18-GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source(ECRIS),1) we have been conducting operational tests of a
micro-oven for the 48Ca beam.
The structure of the micro-oven and the method to
produce the 48Ca beam are described in Ref. 2.
In these test experiments conducted at the 18-GHz
ECRIS, the material used was the element 40Ca. The beam
intensity was measured using a Faraday cup installed at theexit of the analyzing magnet. Figure 1 shows the charge
distribution of Ca ions when the beam intensity of 60
electric PA was obtained for Ca11+. In the test experimentfrom which this spectrum was obtained, a hot liner was
installed into the plasma chamber, and a negative voltage
bias was not applied to the micro-oven (both cases are
mentioned below).

Fig. 2. Long-term experiment results when the hot liner was
not installed and when it was installed in the plasmachamber.

Fig. 1. Charge distribution of calcium ions.
For the supply of metallic beams, several facilities use aso-called “hot-liner”3, 4) to reduce the material consumption
rate. In this method, the inner surface of the plasmachamber is thermally decoupled from the cooling water
jacket. The inner surface is heated by the plasma to enable
the metallic atoms to re-evaporate from the inner surface.
Fig. 2 shows the results of one of the long-term experimentsin the cases in which the hot liner was not installed (without
the hot liner) and installed (with the hot liner) in the plasmachamber. The beam intensities for Ca11+ are shown. In thecase without the hot liner, the beam intensity was not
maintained at a constant value. In the case with the hot liner,
the beam intensity was maintained at 30 electric PA. The
amounts of calcium placed in the crucible and subsequently
consumed were 252 mg and 230 mg, respectively, for thecase without the hot liner, and 246 mg and 105 mg,
respectively, for the case with the hot liner. The
consumption rates without and with the hot liner were
estimated to be 0.88 mg/h and 0.44 mg/h, respectively.
†*1

Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 02A924 (2014)
RIKEN Nishina Center- xii -

One method to enhance the beam intensity is the “biaseddisk” method.5) In this method, a negatively biased metal
disk is installed in the plasma chamber. We investigated theeffect of a negative bias applied to the micro-oven itself
under the various oven positions. Beam intensity
enhancement of up to 20% was observed. An effect similar
to a biased disk was confirmed.
References

1) T. Nakagawa: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 226, 392 (2004).
2) K. Ozeki et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 128 (2013).
3) V. B. Kutner et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71, 860 (2000).
4) P. Lehérissier et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 73, 558 (2002).
5) G. Melin et al.: Proc. 10th Int. Workshop on ECR Ion Sources,
Ork Ridge, 1991, p. 1.

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Current status of RI beam production at electron-beam-driven RI
separator for SCRIT (ERIS)
T. Ohnishi,∗1 S. Ichikawa,∗1 M. Togasaki,∗1,∗2 K. Kurita,∗1,∗2 Y. Haraguchi,∗1,∗3 and M. Wakasugi∗1
The electron-beam-driven RI (Radioactive Isotope)
separator for SCRIT (ERIS) at the SCRIT electron
scattering facility1) consists of a RI generator andan ISOL-type RI separator employed to produce lowenergy RI beams used for the electron scattering of
unstable nuclei. In ERIS, the photoﬁssion of uranium
driven by an electron beam is used for RI production.
Details of ERIS were reported in Ref . 2. During
the present year, uranium-carbide target was prepared,
and the RI production has been started. In this paper,
we report the ﬁrst result of the RI production at ERIS.
For the RI production, we prepared uraniumcaribide disks. Uranium carbide was obtained by the
carbothermal reduction of uranium oxide in presenceof carbon around 1800 ◦ C. First, uranyl nitrate was
mixed with 20µm graphite grains, after which uranyl
nitrate was oxidized to UO3 under air ﬂow by heating to 500 ◦ C. Next, UO3 powders with graphite weremanually ground, and they were formed into a disk
without a binder at 180-MPa compression. The obtaind disk was 20 mm in a diameter and around 2
mm in a thickness. It was heated to 1000 ◦ C in a vaccum for outgassing, and the reduction reaction UO3 →UO2 proceeded. The ﬁnished disk consisted of about
0.7-g grahpite and 1.9-g UO2 powders. Mass concentration of uranium in the disk was estimated as 1.9
g/cm3 . In total, 20 disks were prepared. The sum of
the thicknesses of 20 disks was almost 50 mm, and thetotal amount of uranium was about 30 g. Finally, alluranium-oxide disks were converted into uranium carbide at around 1800◦ C by using the heating system in
ERIS.
The prepared uranium-carbide disks were irradiatedwith electron beams accelerated to 150 MeV by RTM
1). The electrom beam power was nearly 10 W. Tantalum disks with a thickness of 5 mm and a diameterof 20 mm were inserted in front of the production target to increase the production of γ rays. The target
temperature was around 2000 ◦ C. Produced RIs wereaccelerated to 20 kV and mass-separated by the analyzing magnet. They were transported to the particle
identiﬁcation system for ERIS (PIE) located at the exitof ERIS. PIE consists of a rotating Al disk and a Ge
detector, and it measures γ rays corresponding to the
decay of the RIs stopped inside the rotating disk.
Figure 1 shows the rate of Sn and Xe isotopes at
PIE. These rate are estimated from the observed γ∗1∗2∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Electrical Engineering, Nagaoka Universityof Technology- xiii -ray yield using the eﬃciency of the Ge detector andthe half-life of each isotope. By comparing with the
expected production rate inside the target, the overall eﬃciency can be estimated. Here, the overall eﬃciency includes the eﬃciency of release from the target,
ionization in the ion source, and eﬃciecy of transport
from ion source to PIE. For example, the measured
rate for 137 Xe is 1.1×105 atoms/s and the expected
production rate is about 1.6×108 atoms/s. The overall eﬃciency for 137 Xe is estimated to be 0.07%. In thisexperiment, the overall eﬃciency of stable xenon witha calibrated gas ﬂow was measured to be 1%. Since thestable xenon was introduced into the ionization chamber through a gas inlet, the measured overall eﬃciencyof stable xenon includes only ionization and transport
eﬃciencies. The release eﬃciency of 137 Xe is estimated
as 7% from these results. In the case of 132 Sn, the measured and expected production rates are 6.0×103 and2.6×107 atoms/s, respectively. The release eﬃciencyof 132 Sn is evaluated as 2.3% using the same ionizationand transport eﬃciencies as those of Xe. This assumption is supported by the results obtained at ALTO3) .
The release eﬃciency of Sn at ERIS is lower than thatof Xe. One of the reasons is the inadequate conditionsof the adsorption process at ERIS, such as temperature.
Further studies concerning the target fabricationand the optimization of the target and ion source conditions are in progress to increase the release eﬃciency.

Fig. 1. Rate of Sn and Xe isotopes at the particle identification system of ERIS. The electron beam power was
almost 10 W during the measurement. These rates are
estimated on the basis of the observed γ-ray yield.

References
1) M. Wakasugi et. al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 668(2013).
2) T. Ohnishi et. al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 357(2013).
3) M. Cheikh Mhamed et. al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B266,
4092(2008).

1

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

In-beam validation of the MINOS device at HIMAC
C. Santamaria,∗1,∗2 A. Obertelli,∗1,∗2 N. Aoi,∗3 L. Audirac,∗1 H. Baba,∗2 D. Beaumel,∗2,∗4 S. Boissinot,∗1
D. Calvet,∗1 F. Château,∗1 A. Corsi,∗1 A. Delbart,∗1 P. Doornenbal,∗2 A. Giganon,∗1 A. Gillibert,∗1
Y. Kondo,∗2,∗5 Y. Kubota,∗6 C. Lahonde-Hamdoun,∗1 V. Lapoux,∗1 J. Lee,∗2 C.S. Lee,∗6 M. Matsushita,∗6J.-Ph. Mols,∗1 T. Motobayashi,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗2,∗5 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗2 S. Ota,∗6 H. Otsu,∗2 A. Peyaud,∗1
E.C. Pollacco,∗1 G. Prono,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗2 M. Sasano,∗2 E. Takada,∗7 H. Tokieda,∗6 T. Uesaka,∗2 K. Yoneda∗2
and J. Zenihiro∗6
RIBF data acquisition5) which handled the triggers
and beam detectors information.
The use of two different gas mixtures (Ar+5%C4 H10
and Ar+3%C4 H10 +15%CF4 ), several TPC voltages
and two distinct detection pad geometries during thistest also enabled a characterization of the TPC withtrack dispersion, gain as well as drift velocity changes
on experiment-like data.
Eventually, this experiment tested the TPC vertex
position resolution and its efficiency. The developmentof a tracking software for MINOS was carried out withthe use of Hough filters, first to select the two-particlelike events in the two-dimensional detection plane andthen to filter off the noisy signals in the tracks in three
dimensions, before fitting the final tracks to obtain thevertex position. A full-width-half-maximum resolution
around 5 mm in the beam direction was obtained withthe 20 Ne beam at 350 MeV/u and the CH2 targets, as
shown on the right side of Fig. 2.
CountsMINOS1) is a new device aimed at the in-beam spectroscopy of very exotic nuclei by proton-knockout at
the RIBF facility. It is composed of a thick liquid hydrogen target2) (10-20cm) to maximize the luminosity
surrounded by a cylindrical Time Projection Chamber equipped with a bulk-Micromegas3) pad detection
plane. The latter allows to track the recoiled protons
and thence apply a Doppler correction to the gamma
rays measured by a gamma array such as DALI24) at
RIBF. As a final phase in the development of MINOS,
a full in-beam test of the TPC and of its electronics
system was performed at HIMAC in October 2013.

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

Fig. 1. MINOS experimental setup during the in-beam test
using the PH2 course in HIMAC facility.

In this experiment, fragmentation reactions including (p, 2p) were produced using a beam of 20 Ne at 350
and 180 MeV/u impinging on 0.5 mm thick CH2 or
C targets placed inside the beam pipe instead of the
LH2 target. Beam detectors were placed upstream anddownstream for both tracking and trigger purposes. As
no particle identification was provided after the detector, two layers of plastic scintillators were placed on
the left and right of the MINOS TPC to select eventswith charged particles passing through the device. A
picture of the experimental setup is shown in Fig. 1.
The MINOS detector composed of about 4864 channels was for the first time read out with the electronics system constituted of front-end cards from theT2K experiment equipped with AFTER chips andof the newly-developed Feminos cards. The MINOS
data acquisition was also successfully coupled to the
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

CEA Saclay, IRFU/Service de Physique Nucléaire
RIKEN Nishina Center
RCNP, Osaka University
IPN Orsay
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Department of Physics
CNS, The University of Tokyo
NIRS-HIMAC- xiv -

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160
z (mm)

Fig. 2. (Left) Two-proton-like event.
(Right) Reconstructed vertex position in the beam direction for a 20 Ne
beam at 350 MeV/u and two 0.5 mm thick CH2 targets
separated by 124 mm.

Full-scale GEANT4 simulations are also being carried out for comparison to experiment in terms of efficiency as the final step in the validation of MINOS
6). This in-beam measurement at HIMAC opens theway to the upcoming physics experiments foreseen in
Spring 2014 with the first physics results of the MINOS
detector.
References
1) A. Obertelli et al: Eur. Phys. J. A 50 8 (2014).
2) A. Obertelli et al.: Eur. Phys. J. A 47 105 (2011).
3) I. Giomataris et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 376, 29(1996).
4) S. Takeuchi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 36, 148(2003).
5) H. Baba et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 616, 65 (2010).
6) C. Santamaria et al., in preparation.

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Seniority isomer in 128 Pd†

Counts / 1 keV

H. Watanabe∗1,∗2 and EURICA U-beam collaboration in 2012
The level structure of the very neutron-rich nucleus
Pd has been studied for the ﬁrst time. Neutron-richnuclei below 132 Sn were produced using in-ﬂight ﬁssionof a 238 U86+ beam at 345 MeV/nucleon impinging on
a 3-mm-thick beryllium target. The primary beam intensity ranged from 7 to 12 pnA during the experiments. The nuclei of interest were separated by the
BigRIPS separator and the following ZeroDegree spectrometer. The identiﬁed particles were implanted intoa highly segmented active stopper named WAS3ABi1) ,which consisted of eight double-sided silicon-strip detectors (DSSSD) stacked compactly. Each DSSSD had
a thickness of 1 mm with an active area segmented into
sixty and forty strips (1-mm pitch) on each side in thehorizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The
DSSSDs also served as detectors for electrons following β-decay and internal conversion processes. Gammarays were detected by the EURICA spectrometer2) ,which consisted of twelve Cluster-type detectors, eachof which contained closely packed seven HPGe crystals.
Figure 1 shows a γ-ray energy spectrum measured
in delayed coincidence with 128 Pd ions. Four γ rays atenergies of 75, 260, 504, and 1311 keV have been unambiguously observed. These γ rays are found to be inmutual coincidence and exhibit consistent time behavior. Therefore, we conclude that they proceed througha single cascade originating from one isomeric state. A
least-squares ﬁt of the summed gated time spectra of
the isomeric-decay transitions yields T1/2 = 5.8(8) µs
half-life, as shown in Fig. 1. The relative intensities ofthese isomeric γ rays are in agreement within experimental errors, except for the 75-keV transition thatis expected to be highly converted. The total internalconversion coeﬃcient for the 75-keV transition derived
from a comparison with the 1311-keV γ-ray intensity is
2.6(17), which is consistent with the theoretical valueof 3.88 for an E2 multipolarity.
On the basis of the above arguments on the observed
γ transitions, the level scheme of 128 Pd is proposed
as displayed in Fig. 1, where the spin and parity of
the 5.8-µs isomeric state at 2151 keV is assigned as
J π = 8+ . The spin-parity assignment for the levels andthe ordering of the transitions between the isomer andthe ground state are based on a close resemblance tothe yrast level energies below the analogous 8+ isomers
in 130 Cd3) and 96 Pd (N = 50)4) . A transition strengthof B(E2; 8+ → 6+ ) = 0.22(3) W.u. can be obtained
from the measured half-life of the 2151-keV isomeric
128

†
∗1
∗2

260.1

20
75.1

504.4

1311.4

10
0
0

200

(8 + )(6 + )(4 + )

400

600

Eγ [keV]

800

1000

1200

1400

2151 5.8(8) µs
75.1 2076
260.1
1816
504.4

T 1/2=5.8(8) µs

13111311.4

Counts / 2000 ns(2 + )

10

1

0

200

400

600

800

1000

Time [25 ns/ch]

0+

0
128
46

Pd 82

Fig. 1. Gamma-ray spectrum measured in coincidence with
128
Pd ions within 0.15 − 25 µs (top), level scheme of128
Pd (bottom left), and sum of time distributions of
the 260-, 504-, and 1311-keV γ rays in 128 Pd (bottom
right).

state.
The excitation energies of the J π = 2+ − 8+ statesin 128 Pd are comparable to those in 130 Cd3) . The constancy of level energies is characteristic of the seniority
scheme, where seniority υ counts the number of nucleons that are not in pairs coupled to spin zero. In thecase of an n-particle (or n-hole) system in a single-jshell, the level energies with identical J π and υ areindependent of n. Such energy properties are also visible for the even N = 50 isotones from Mo (Z = 42) toCd (Z = 48), in which the yrast J π = 2+ − 8+ levels
consist of the same multiplet that involves predominantly valence protons in the πg9/2 orbital with υ = 2.
Since the single-proton levels in the Z = 28 − 50 shell
are nearly identical in the 132 Sn and 100 Sn regions, it
is expected that the level properties exhibited by the
N = 82 isotones are similar within the valence proton
space to those in the case of N = 50. Therefore, theexcited states in 128 Pd can be interpreted in terms ofthe υ = 2 conﬁguration of the πg9/2 subshell.
References
1) S. Nishimura: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C006 (2012).
2) P.-A. Söderström et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 317,
649 (2013).
3) A. Jungclaus et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 132501 (2007).
4) W. Kurcewicz et al.: Z. Phys. A 308, 21 (1982).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 152501(2013)
IRCNPC, School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang University
RIKEN Nishina Center- xv -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Evolution of collectivity in neutron-rich Ru nuclei†
P.-A. Söderström,∗1 G. Lorusso,∗1 H. Watanabe,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗1 P. Doornenbal,∗1 G. Thiamova,∗3
F. Browne,∗1,∗4 G. Gey,∗1,∗3,∗5 H.S. Jung,∗6 T. Sumikama,∗7 J. Taprogge,∗1,∗8,∗9 Zs. Vajta,∗1,∗10 J. Wu,∗11
Z.Y. Xu,∗12 H. Baba,∗1 G. Benzoni,∗13 K.Y. Chae,∗14 F.C.L. Crespi,∗13,∗14 N. Fukuda,∗1 R. Gernhäuser,∗16
N. Inabe,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 A. Jungclaus,∗9 D. Kameda,∗1 G.D. Kim,∗17 Y.-K. Kim,∗17 I. Kojouharov,∗18
F.G. Kondev,∗19 T. Kubo,∗1 N. Kurz,∗18 Y.K. Kwon,∗17 G. Lane,∗20 Z. Li,∗11 A. Montaner-Pizá,∗21
K. Moschner,∗22 F. Naqvi,∗23 M. Niikura,∗12 H. Nishibata,∗24 A. Odahara,∗24 R. Orlandi,∗25 Z. Patel,∗26
Zs. Podolyák,∗26 H. Sakurai,∗12 H. Schaffner,∗18 G. Simpson,∗3 K. Steiger,∗16 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1
A. Wendt,∗22 A. Yagi,∗24 and K. Yoshinaga∗27

Pd

1

E(4 +)/E(2 +)One of the central features in our understanding of
the atomic nucleus is the appearance of magic numbers. Isotopes in their proximity can be described interms of single-particle interactions with an inert core.
Most nuclei, however, lie sufficiently far from magic
numbers for collective behaviour to dominate over the
single particle structure. In the prolate-oblate transition regions comparable energy minima corresponding
to different shapes can lead to shape coexistence and tostable intermediate shapes with different deformations
on each axis, so called triaxial nuclei.
An experiment was carried out using at RIBF using a 238 U beam with an energy of 345 Mev/u, andan average intensity of ∼ 10 pnA and a 555 mg/cm2
beryllium target. After the target, BigRIPS and ZeroDegree were used for separation and tagging of thenuclei of interest. The secondary beam was implanted
into the WAS3ABi silicon detectors. The β-delayed γrays were detected with the EURICA1) detector array.
The β-delayed γ-ray spectra associated with 116 Tc
and 118 Tc were analysed and interpreted in termsof observables of collectivity2) . The energy ratio

1

Ru

3

Mo
2.5

2

60

70

80
N

Fig. 1. Experimental R(4/2) ratios. In addition to what
was shown in2) , recent data from3,4) have been added
to the Pd chain.
+R(4/2) = E(4+1 )/E(21 ) is one such observable, ranging approximately from the minimum at R(4/2) = 2
for spherical nuclei and the maximum R(4/2) = 3.33
for rigid rotors. The trends of this ratio as a functionof N for Mo, Ru and Pd chains, shown in Fig. 1, indicate that these elements are well deformed in thisregion. The Pd chain exhibits a relatively stable value
around the transitional limit, R(4/2) = 2.5, while the
Mo chain is closer to the deformed limit and the Ru
chain lies in between the former. For the most neutronrich Ru isotopes the beginning of a shape transition
towards sphericity can clearly be seen.
Calculations were also carried out for the even-even
108−118
Ru isotopes with the interacting boson modeland the algebraic collective model. The conclusions
are that the very neutron-rich nuclei still show many
features associated with triaxial γ-soft nuclei, represented by the O(6) symmetry, but are approaching a
spherical structure, the U(5) symmetry, with increasing neutron number towards the N = 82 shell closure.

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C, 88, 024301(2013)∗1 RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗3 LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗4 University of Brighton∗5 ILL, Grenoble∗6 Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University∗7 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗8 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid∗9 CSIC, Spain∗10 Atomki, Debrecen∗11 School of Physics, Peking University∗12 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗13 INFN Sezione di Milano∗14 Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University∗15 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano∗16 Technische Universität München∗17 Institute for Basic Science, Rare Isotope Science Project∗18 GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung∗19 Nuclear Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory∗20 Australian National University∗21 CSIC, University of Valencia∗22 Universität zu Köln∗23 Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory, Yale University∗24 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗25 Instituut voor Kern en Stralingsfysica, University of Leuven∗26 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗27 Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science†

References
1) S. Nishimura: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 2012, 03C006(2012)
2) P.-A. Söderström et al.: Phys. Rev. C, 88, 024301(2013)
3) H. Wang al.: Phys. Rev. C, 88, 054318 (2013)4) H. Watanabe al.: Phys. Rev. Lett., 111, 152501 (2013)- xvi -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Isomer spectroscopy of neutron-rich Nd isotopes∗1

Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗3 Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 University of Oslo
∗6 The University of Brighton∗7 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗8 ILL, 38042 Grenoble Cedex∗9 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗10 University of Tsukuba∗11 MTA Atomki∗12 Peking University∗13 Hoseo University∗14 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗15 The University of Surrey∗16 University of York∗17 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
∗18 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid∗19 Beihang University∗20 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
∗2

140

158

Nd

120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0

Counts/keV

Prolate-deformed nuclei are found to appear
in the neutron-rich part of the nuclear landscapearound Z = 60 and beyond N = 90, after the systematic studies of excited states. In strongly deformed
nuclei, quantum number K is known to be a goodquantum number. Since transitions with large changes
in K are suppressed, many nuclei in this region haveisomeric states. In addition to the quadrupole deformation, appearances of higher-order deformations suchas octupole and hexadecupole deformations have been
predicted1) ; however, they are not yet understood well.
Isomer spectroscopy is a useful method to gain information on such structures of these nuclei.
Neutron-rich 60 Nd isotopes have been investigatedby means of isomeric γ-ray spectroscopy. Such isotopes were produced by the in-ﬂight ﬁssion of 238 U
at RI Beam Factory in RIKEN Nishina Center, andwere selected and identiﬁed by using the BigRIPS separator. The identiﬁcation of the nuclei was performedon the basis of the ∆E-TOF-Bρ method, which allows
an event-by-event determination of their atomic number and the mass-to-charge ratio, where ∆E, TOF,
and Bρ denote energy loss, time of ﬂight, and magnetic
rigidity, respectively. The identiﬁed particles were implanted into passive and active stoppers. A passive
stopper made of Cu was used for the measurement at
a high count rate, while the WAS3ABi2) active stopper consisting of ﬁve double-sided silicon strip detectors was used for the β-γ spectroscopy. Delayed γ rays
were detected by the germanium cluster detector array
EURICA3) . Gamma rays previously known from theCounts/keV

Mn. Tanaka,∗1 E. Ideguchi,∗1 G. Simpson,∗2 R. Yokoyama,∗3 S. Nishimura,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗4 G. Lorusso,∗4
P.-A.Söderström,∗4 Z.Xu,∗20 J.Wu,∗4,∗12 N. Aoi,∗1 H. Baba,∗4 F.Bello,∗5 F. Browne,∗4,∗6 R. Daido,∗7 Y. Fang,∗7
N. Fukuda,∗4 G. Gey,∗2,∗4,∗8 S. Go,∗3,∗4 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Isobe,∗4 D. Kameda,∗4 K. Kobayashi,∗9 M. Kobayashi,∗3
T. Komatsubara,∗10 T. Kubo,∗4 I. Kuti,∗11 Z. Li,∗12 M. Matsushita,∗3 S. Michimasa,∗3 C.-B. Moon,∗13
H. Nishibata,∗7 I. Nishizuka,∗14 A. Odahara,∗7 Z. Patel,∗4,∗15 S. Rice,∗15 E. Sahin,∗5 L. Sinclair,∗4,∗16
T. Sumikama,∗14 H. Suzuki,∗4 H. Takeda,∗4 J. Taprogge,∗17,∗18 Zs. Vajta,∗11 H. Watanabe,∗19 and A. Yagi∗7

200

400

600

800

1000

70

1200

1400
Energy (keV)

160

Nd

60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400
Energy (keV)

Fig. 1. Gamma-ray energy spectra for 158
60 Nd98 and160
60 Nd100 . Marked peaks are the γ rays identified newly.
The spread peak at ∼ 700 keV comes from (n,n′ ) reaction with Ge.

5− K-isomeric state of 156 Nd4) were observed, and new
K-isomeric states of heavier isotopes were discovered.
Figure 1 shows the γ-ray energy spectra of 158 Nd
and 160 Nd using both the passive and active stopper
data. We have observed three strong peaks at 151.6,
233.4, and 1198.2 keV for 158 Nd, and two strong peaks
at 150.2 and 893.0 keV for 160 Nd. In both 158 Nd
and 160 Nd, the half-lives of γ rays were preliminarily obtained as 0.339(20) µs and 1.63(21) µs, respectively. From the systematics of Nd isotopes, the energy of the ﬁrst 2+ states will be around 70 keV. However, such low-energy γ transition is highly converted,and accordingly, the 70-keV peaks could not be observed. Further analysis to make spin-parity assignments based on the decay pattern and coincidence relations is now in progress.
References
1) P. Möller et al.: Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables
59, 185 (1995).
2) S. Nishimura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 182(2013).
3) S. Nishimura: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C006 (2012).
4) G. S. Simpson et al.: Phys. Rev. C 80, 024304 (2009).

- xvii -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Proton scattering of 16 C at 300 MeV/nucleon
S. Terashima,∗1 T. Baba,∗2,∗3 Y. Matsuda,∗2,∗4 J. Zenihiro,∗2 H. Sakaguchi,∗2,∗4 M. Dozono,∗2 T. Furuno,∗2,∗3
S. Gotanda,∗2,∗5 C.L. Guo,∗1 Y. Kanaya,∗2,∗5 T. Kawabata,∗3 Y. Maeda,∗5 H.J. Ong,∗4 S. Ota,∗6 H. Otsu,∗2
W.W. Qu,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗2 M. Tsumura,∗2,∗3 T. Uesaka,∗2 J.C. Yang,∗1 and G.L. Zhang∗1
Neutron-rich carbon isotopes can provide opportunities to study the evolution of nuclear structure up to
the neutron drip line. Even-even carbon isotopes havebeen extensively studied so far. 16 C was identified as
an exotic structure using lifetime measurement for the
first time at RIKEN1) . Then, the lifetime of the 2+state in 16 C was remeasured using different methods
including more neutron-rich carbon isotopes, 18 C and20
C 2–4) . The existence of the anomalous behavior of
16
C is still under discussion. Proton elastic and inelastic scattering can provide unambiguous optical potential and shape information of the ground state via thecoupled channel effect with the deformation parameter βpp′ . In addition, 16 C is a first step to develop aneutron skin or neutron halo up to 22 C. The angular
distribution of elastic scattering is expected to provide
us with density distribution information that includes
not only the radius but also surface diffuseness.
In April 2013, an experiment the so-called Elastic
Scattering of Proton with RI beam (ESPRI) setup was
performed at the RIKEN Nishina Center. The 16 C
beam with an intensity more than 105 Hz at approximaately 300 MeV/nucleon was produced in BigRIPS
using an 18 O primary beam at 345 MeV/nucleon. The
incident 16 C with a purity of 95% was selected with aset of narrow slits setting (±2 mm) at F1 and F2, andthen, it was transported to the F12 area. The size ofthe beam spot was σ = 3 mm (5 mm) in the horizontal (vertical) direction on the secondary solid hydrogentarget named SH TRIC (Solid-Hydrogen Target for
Recoil detection In Coincidence with INVERSE Kinematics)5) . The use of para-H2 was critical in operating
it safely during this experiment for one week.
Further, beam particle identification was perfermedusing the energy deposit(∆E) of a plastic scintillator
and beam trajectory using beam tracking detectors at
F12. The thickness and effective diameter of the secondary target that was tilted to 45◦ at target center
was 1 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The recoil protons
were identified using time-of-flight(TOF)-∆E-E technique by plastic scintillators and NaI(Tl)s; the scattering angle (θp ) and energy (Tp ) of the recoil proton
were reconstructed using the tracking detectors, posi-tion detectors, total energy calorimeters, and energy
loss calculation in passive materials.
Figure 1 shows a kinematical correlation between θp
and Tp , and the expected kinematical curves of elastic and inelastic scattering (6 MeV). The two strongloci are observed clearly. A line at most intense locus
is the ground state, which includes the first excitedstate. Another line corresponds to a higher inelastic
channel. Figure 2 shows an angler distribution of theelastic channel and theoretical calculation using relativistic impulse approximation(RIA) and relativistic
Hartree density6) as reference. Detailed data analysis
for angular distribution of elastic and inelastic channels are currently in progress.

Fig. 1. Kinematical correlation of the p(16 C,p) reaction.
Dashed lines represent expected kinematical curves ofelastic and inelastic scattering.
100

∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Technology, Beihang
Univeristy, Beijing
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics. Kyoto University
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering
Miyazaki University
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo

Cross Section dσ/dΩ [mb/sr]

K

∗1

16

C RIBFRIA calculation

10

1

0.1
15
20
25
30
Scattering Angle θscatt. [deg.(cm)]Fig. 2. Preliminary result of angular distribution of elastic
channel p(16 C,p) with the theoretical calculation using
RIA and the relativistic Hartree density6) .

References
1) N. Imai et. al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 062501 (2004).
2) H.J. Ong et. al.: Phys. Rev. C 78, 014308 (2008),
3) M. Wiedeking et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 152501(2008),
4) M. Petri et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 044329 (2012).
5) Y. Matsuda et al.: Nucl. Intr. Meth. A643, p6 (2011).
6) C.J. Horowiz and B.D. Serot: Nucl. Phys. A368, p503
(1981).

- xviii -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Structure of 19 C studied by one-neutron knockout at SAMURAI
J.W. Hwang,∗1,∗2 Y. Satou,∗1 S. Kim,∗1,∗2 N. A. Orr,∗3 T. Nakamura,∗4,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗4,∗2 N. L. Achouri,∗3
T. Aumann,∗5 H. Baba,∗2 F. Delaunay,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗2 J. Gibelin,∗3 N. Inabe,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2
D. Kameda,∗2 D. Kanno,∗4,∗2 N. Kobayashi,∗4,∗2 T. Kobayashi,∗6,∗2 T. Kubo,∗2 S. Leblond,∗3 J. Lee,∗2
F. M. Marques,∗3 R. Minakata,∗4,∗2 T. Motobayashi,∗2 D. Murai,∗7 T. Murakami,∗8 K. Muto,∗6 N. Nakatsuka,∗8
T. Nakashima,∗4,∗2 A. Navin,∗9 S. Nishi,∗4,∗2 S. Ogoshi,∗4,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2 H. Sato,∗2 Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2
K. Takahashi,∗6 H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 R. Tanaka,∗4,∗2 Y. Togano,∗10,∗13 A. G. Tuff,∗11
M. Vandebrouck,∗12 and K. Yoneda∗2

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University∗2 RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 LPC-Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3∗4 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗5 Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗8 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗9 GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3∗10 ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI) and Research Division,
GSI∗11 Department of Physics, University of York∗12 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud,
IN2P3-CNRS∗13 Present address:Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology∗1- xix -

600d σ/dE (mb/MeV)The structure of light nuclei near the neutron drip
line has been studied extensively over the past decades.
With development in experimental technology, heavier nuclei have emerged as a major focus, and a large
number of relevant experiments for neutron-rich carbon or more massive nuclei have been conducted. The
present work aims to expore neutron-unbound states of
19
C by one-neutron knockout. A study exploiting inbeam γ-ray spectroscopy for 19 C concluded that 3/2+
1
1)
and 5/2+
A recent report on the
1 states are bound.
inclusive measurement of one-neutron knockout crosssection, however, argued that the experimental knockout cross section from 20 C to 19 C did not support the2)In
existence of the 5/2+
1 state below the threshold.
this reserach, the invariant mass measurement in inverse kinematics was carried out, which allows us toelucidate the issue of boundedness of the 5/2+
1 state.
The experiment was performed at RIBF. BigRIPS
produced a 20 C secondary beam with an energy of
280 MeV/nucleon. The beam intensity was 170 cps
at the target position with a momentum acceptanceof ∆P/P = ±3%. The beam impinged on a carbon
target with a thickness of 1.8 g/cm2 , which produced
19
C via the one-neutron knockout. The trajectory of
the beam was determined with two drift chambers(BDCs). Charged fragments from the reaction wereseparated using SAMURAI3) , and their energy loss
and time of flight were measured using a hodoscope,
which is an array of plastic scintillators. Their momenta were reconstructed from their trajectories withtwo drift chambers (FDCs) placed before and after themagnet. Momenta of decay neutrons were measured

400

200

0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Relative Energy (MeV)

0.8

1

Fig. 1. Relative energy spectrum for the 18 C + n unboundsystem (filled circles). The black solid line is the resultof the fit; the blue dash-dot line is the assumed background; the red dashed line is the extracted resonance.

with NEBULA using the TOF method.4) The experimental scheme is identical to that of Ref.5) .
A preliminary spectrum for the relative energy of theC(20 C,18 C + n) reaction is shown in Fig. 1. Geometrical acceptance was estimated with a Monte-Carlo simulation. The observed resonance close to the thresholdis consistent with the result of Thoennessen et al.6)
A preliminary value for the cross section populating
this state was derived, which seems to corroborate theargument that the 5/2+
1 state is unbound. A quantitative analysis will be carried out to obtain (1) the position of the resonance and (2) the angular momentumof the knocked-out neutron by examining the parallel
momentum distribution of the knockout residue.
References
1) Z. Elekes et al.: Phys. Lett. B 614, 174 (2005).
2) N. Kobayashi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 86, 054604 (2012).
3) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).
4) Y. Kondo et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 131(2012).
5) Y. Kondo et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 6 (2013).
6) M. Thoennessen et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 912, 1 (2013).

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Exploration of cluster structure on neutron rich nuclei 16 C
with SAMURAI magnetic spectrometer
H. Otsu,∗1 M. Kurata-Nishimuira,∗1 Y. Togano,∗3 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 M. Sasano,∗1
S. Takeuchi,∗1 P. Doornenbal, ∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 J. Ohnishi,∗1 K. Yoneda,∗1 T. Motobayashi,∗1
J. Zenihiro,∗1 J. Lee,∗1 H. Liu,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗1 T. Kobayashi,∗2 K. Sekiguchi,∗2 N. Chiga,∗2 T. Sumikama ,∗2
K. Muto,∗2 Y. Wada,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗3 R. Minakata,∗3 S. Ogoshi,∗3 T. Nakamura,∗3 Y. Satou,∗4 J. Hwang,∗4Y. Matsuda,∗5,∗14 T. Murakami,∗5 N. Nakatsuka,∗5 T. Kawabata,∗5 J. Gibelin,∗6 S. Leblond,∗6,∗1
N. Kobayashi,∗7 M. Niikura,∗7 M. Matsushita,∗8,∗1 E. Yu. Nikolskii,∗9,∗1 S. Sakaguchi,∗10 D. Beaumel,∗11,∗1
A. Navin,∗12 V. Lapoux,∗13 and M. Itoh∗14
The highly excited states in weakly bound unstable nuclei have been attracting considerable interest recently. In particular, an important question iswhether alpha-cluster degree of freedom emerges near
the threshold in unstable nuclei as in stable nuclei. For
stable nuclei, the Ikeda diagram predicts such threshold cluster states, and many experimental evidences
have been reported1) . However, this threshold-rule has
not been examined for unstable nuclei.
The present study is aimed at searching cluster
states in the neutron-rich nucleus 16 C through α inelastic scattering at incident energy of 200 MeV/nucleon.
Such a technique has been successfully applied on various stable isotopes2) .
SAMURAI

200 A MeV

1

2

C

LI

FD

A

neutrons

Liq. 4He
TargetE (arb.)

16C beam

NEBULAD

FromBigRIPS

SBT/SBV
STQ25 BDC1/2

FDC2
HODF

1m

FDC3
HODP

16C

formed by using the SAMURAI spectrometer4) . The
large momentum acceptance property enables us to detect A/Z=3 particle and A/Z=2 particle including α
simultaneously. The experimental setup is shown in
Fig.1. The setup is similar to that used for the SAMURAI Day–one experiments5) . The A/Z=2 particles
were detected using A/Z=2 arm consisting of FDC3
and HODP. The A/Z=3 particles were detected using
FDC2 and HODF (A/Z=3 arm). The correlation between ∆E and detector ID of HOD gated by the α
particle in the A/Z=2 arm is shown in Fig.2, where
11,12
Be arising from the breakup of 16 C can be clearly
identified.
From the measured four momenta of α particle andthe corresponding Be isotopes, the invariant mass of
16 ∗C will be reconstructed. For such a purpose, multiple track reconstruction techniques on drift chambers
have been developed6) . The analyses of the data arein progress.
gated on A/Z=2 arm

Z=4

12Be

beam

Fig. 1. Experimental setup. Detectors on the SAMURAI
focal plane are arranged for α + residual particle detection.

Hodoscope ID ~ position

Fig. 2. Particle identification on SAMURAI focal plane.
Z = 4 particles are identified on A/Z=3 arm in coincidence with α particles, which are gated on the A/Z=2
arm.

A secondary beam of 16 C at 200 MeV/u and an intensity of 2×105 Hz is impinged on a 7 mm thick cryogenic liquid 4 He target3) . The experiment was per-In summary, we first measured the α dissociation
channel on excited 16 C using the SAMURAI spectrometer. Our future scope will focus on sd shell neutronrich nuclei such as 26−30 Ne.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗3 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗4 Department of Physics, Seoul National University∗5 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗6 LPC Caen
∗7 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗8 CNS, The University of Tokyo∗9 National Research Centre ”Kurchatov Institute”∗10 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗11 Institut de Physique Nucl’eaire d Orsay, IN2P3/CNRS∗12 GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3∗13 CEA, Saclay∗14 CYRIC, Tohoku University∗15 RCNP, Osaka University∗2

References
1) M. Freer, Rep. Prog. Phys. 70 (2007) 2149.
2) T. Kawabata et. al., Phys. Lett B 646, 6(2007).
3) M. Kurata-Nishimura, et. al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.
46(2013)165.
4) T. Kobayashi, et. al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317(2013)294.
5) Y. Kondo, et. al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46(2013)6.
6) M. Kurata-Nishimura, et. al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47,
this volume.

- xx -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Structure study of 10 He by 11 Li(d,3 He) transfer reaction

All studies in which 10 He has been populated byproton removal from 11 Li and observed in invariantmass spectroscopy agree that E ∼ 1.2-1.6 MeV1–4) . Recently, the analysis of the missing-mass spectrum fromthe transfer reaction 8 He(t,p)10 He5) lead to a sizeably
higher value, E ∼ 2.1 MeV.
Our experiment, performed in July 2010 at the
RIKEN RIPS facility, used a secondary beam of 11 Li
at 50 AMeV on a CD2 target. At forward angle, awall of four MUST2 telescopes6) were coupled withfour 20 µm thick silicon detectors in order to perform
an E-∆E identification of the light particles, and separation of 4 He and 3 He. At zero degree, a fifth MUST2
telescope and a two stages plastic detector were used
for identification of heavy residues of reaction in coincidences. In addition a 9 Li beam at 50 A.MeV wasused to perform a reference experiment populating the
ground state of 8 He.
The final excitation spectrum of the unbound 10 He,
reconstructed in coincidence with 8 He decay products(Fig.1), exhibits two clean resonances located respectively at 1.3(3) MeV and 6.3(6) MeV above the twoneutron threshold, with natural widths of 1.1(6) MeV
and 2.7(7) MeV respectively. The associated differential cross sections have been extracted. They areabout one order of magnitude smaller than those predicted in standard DWBA calculations. The implication of this reduction and possible explanations, suchas the influences of different neutron binding energies,
are explored and put into perspective with the measured cross section of the 8 He ground state via the9Li(d,3 He) reaction.
The spectrum obtained in coincidence with the 6 He
decay products (Fig.1) is showing a preferred decay
to the 6 He+4n channel when possible. This could be∗1

Institut de Physique Nucléaire, IN2P3-CNRS
Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU/Service de Physique Nuclaire∗5 LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Universit de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3∗6 GANIL, CEA/DSM - CNRS/IN2P3∗7 IPNS,KEK∗8 Tokyo Institute of Technology,O-okayama,Tokyo∗9 Center of Nuclear Physics, Institute of Physics, Vietnam
Academy of Science and Technology∗10 National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”∗11 Departamento de FA, Universidad de Huelva∗12 Centro de Fı́sica Nuclear da Universidade de Lisboa∗13 Institute of Nuclear Physics PAS∗2- xxi -

counts / 750 keV

A. Matta,∗1,∗2 D. Beaumel,∗1,∗3 H. Otsu,∗3 V. Lapoux,∗4 N.K. Timofeyuk,∗2 N. Aoi,∗3 M. Assie,∗1 H. Baba,∗3
S. Boissinot,∗4 R. Chen,∗3 F. Delaunay,∗5 N. de Sereville,∗1 S. Franchoo,∗1 P. Gangnant,∗6 J. Gibelin,∗5
F. Hammache,∗1 C. Houarner,∗6 N. Imai,∗7 N. Kobayashi,∗8 T. Kubo,∗3 Y. Kondo,∗8 Y. Kawada,∗8
L.H. Khiem,∗9 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗3 E.A. Kuzmin,∗10 J. Lee,∗3 J.F. Libin,∗6 T. Motobayashi,∗3
T. Nakamura,∗8 L. Nalpas,∗4 E. Yu. Nikolskii,∗3,∗10 A. Obertelli,∗4 E.C. Pollacco,∗4 E. Rindel,∗1 Ph. Rosier,∗1
F. Saillant,∗6 T. Sako,∗8 H. Sakurai,∗3 A. Sanchez-Benitez,∗11,∗12 J-A. Scarpaci,∗1 I. Stefan,∗1 D. Suzuki,∗1
K. Takahashi,∗8 M. Takechi,∗3 S. Takeuchi,∗3 H .Wang,∗3 R. Wolski,∗13 K. Yoneda∗3

5

4

3

2

1

0

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

E10He (MeV)
Fig. 1. The 10 He spectrum measured from 11 Li(d,3 He) reaction data in coincidences between 3 He and 8 He (solidblue) and 6 He (dashed orange). The two vertical dashedlines indicate the positions of the 6 He+4n and 4 He+6n
thresholds.

inferred to the important role played by the 8 He(2+)
excited state in the 10 He structure, arguing for the development of models beyond the three-body approach.
References
1) A. Korsheninnikov et al, Phys. Lett. B 326, 31-36 (1994)
2) A. Ostrowski et al, Phys. Lett. B 338, 13-19 (1994)
3) T. Kobayashi et al, Nucl. Phys. A 616, 223-230 (1997)
4) H. Johansson et al, Nucl. Phys. A 847, 66-88 (2010)5) M. Golovkov et al, Phys. Lett. B 672, 22 29 (2009)6) E. Pollacco et al, Eur. Phys. Jour. A 25, 287-288 (2005)

1

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

New isotope candidates, 215 U and 216U
Y. Wakabayashi,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 D. Kaji,∗1 H. Haba,∗1 M. Takeyama,∗1,∗2 S. Yamaki,∗1,∗3 K. Tanaka,∗1,∗4
K. Nishio,∗5 M. Asai,∗5 M. Huang,∗1 J. Kanaya,∗1 M. Murakami,∗1,∗6 A. Yoneda,∗1 K. Fujita,∗7 Y. Narikiyo,∗7
T. Tanaka,∗7 S. Yamamoto,∗7 and K. Morita∗1,∗7

Daughter alpha energy

Theory1) predicts that nuclei with N = 126 exist
up to Fm(Z = 100) because of the appearance of thefission barrier originating from the ground-state shellcorrection. The heaviest N = 126 nuclei reported so far
is 218 U(Z = 92). In this paper, we attempt to produce
heavier nuclei such as 220 Pu. In our experiment, weobserved a new isotope, 216 U, which is the daughter
nucleus of 220 Pu.
We performed an experiment at the RIKEN Linear
Accelerator (RILAC) facility. We used 82 Kr beams of
372 and 387 MeV to bombard a rotating BaCO3 target
foil having a thickness of approximately 400 µg/cm2 .
To determine the efficient reaction for the productionof 216 U, we studied the reaction 82 Kr + 136,137,138 Ba
leading to the same nucleus 216 U with different neutron evaporation channels. Each 136,137,138 BaCO3 target was prepared by sputtering on 0.8–2.3-µm-thickaluminum foils, and they were also covered with 40µg/cm2 of aluminum by sputtering. Several 0.8-µmand 1.1-µm-thick aluminum foils were prepared as thedegraders. The beam energies at the center of the target were changed from 344 to 374 MeV by combining backings and degraders to obtain the excitation
function. Evaporation residues (ERs) were separated
from the beam particles and other reaction products
using a gas-filled recoil ion separator (GARIS), and
(keV)

215

7800
7600

Pa

216

7400

U

U

Pa

215

Pa

217

215

Th

211,212

7200
7000

Th

213,214

217

U 216

7500

8000

U

U

6800
7000

8500

Parent alpha energy

9000 (keV)

Fig. 1. α-α correlation spectrum. The time difference between the implanted ERs and the parent α-decay, andbetween the parent and the daughter α-decays were
within 150 ms and 2.2 s, respectively. The horizontal
and vertical position windows in the PSD were within
the same strip (∼3.6 mm width) and ±1.5 mm, respectively.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Table 1. α-α correlated events of 215 U and 216 U. The timeand position difference between the implanted ERs andthe α-decay are ∆T and ∆X, respectively. Ebeam represents the 82 Kr beam energy at the center of the target.

215, 216

U

217

they were implanted into a position-sensitive strip detector (PSD; 58 × 58 mm2 ) at the focal plane. Twotiming detectors were set in front of the PSD to determine the time-of-flight (TOF) of the ERs. Time
information was also used to distinguish between the
α-decay events in the PSD and the recoil implantations. A Ge-detector was placed 6 mm behind the
PSD for the α-γ coincidence measurement. In this experiment, 1.7 × 1017 and 2.7 × 1017 beam doses wereaccumulated at 372 MeV and 387 MeV, respectively.
Isotope identification was performed by using an αdecay chain with the help of known α-decay properties(energies and half-lives) of the descendants and theposition correlations between the implanted ERs in the
PSD and the subsequent α-decays. Figure 1 shows an
α-α correlation spectrum obtained in this experiment.
In Fig. 1, the candidates of the new isotopes, 215 U and216
U, were observed. These α-decay properties andthe obtained cross sections are summarized in Table 1.
The decay energies and half-lives of these descendants
agree well with those of the references. In the future,
an additional irradiation experiment will be performed
to confirm the production of 215 U and 216 U.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Yamagata University
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Tokoy University of Science
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Department of Chemistry, Niigata University
Department of Physics, Kyushu University

Eα
∆T
∆X
Reaction (Ebeam )(keV)(mm) Cross section
216
137
6.98 ms 0.15
U8408
Ba+82 Kr (365)
212
43.4
ms
0.12
Th 7811→ 216 U + 3n
208
2.23
s
1.12
Ra 7144
0.19+0.44−0.16 nb
204
34.7 s0.14
Rn 6424215
1365.82 ms 1.02
U8436
Ba + 82 Kr (374)211
29.1 ms 0.72
Th 7807→ 215 U + 3n
207
773
ms
0.36
Ra 7124
0.34+0.49−0.22 nb
203
45.6 s
2.71
Rn 6474215
635 µs
0.35
U
8230
211
59.9 ms 0.99
Th 7799207
1.06 s
0.39
Ra 7145Eα (keV) ref. T1/2 ref.
α-decay branch
212
30+20
99.7%
Th 7802±10−10 ms208
1.3±0.2s95%
Ra 7133±520474.4±1.8 s
72.4%
Rn 6418.9±0.4
211
37+28
∼100%
Th 7792±14−11 ms207
1.2±0.1s≤100%
Ra 7131±4
20344±2 s66%
Rn 6.499±2

References
1) H. Koura and T. Tachibana: Butsuri (in Japanese), 60,
717 (2005).

- xxii -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Production of 262Db in the 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction and decay properties of
262Db and 258Lr†
H. Haba,*1 M. Huang,*1 D. Kaji,*1 J. Kanaya,*1 Y. Kasamatsu,*2 Y. Kikutani,*2 H. Kikunaga,*3 Y. Komori,*2 H. Kudo,*4
Y. Kudou,*1 K. Morimoto,*1 K. Morita,*1 M. Murakami,*1 K. Nakamura,*2 K. Nishio,*5 K. Ozeki,*1 R. Sakai,*1 A. Shinohara,*2
T. Sumita,*1 A. Toyoshima,*5 K. Tsukada,*5 Y. Wakabayashi, *1 and A. Yoneda*1
We have been developing a gas-jet transport system
coupled to GARIS as a novel technique for superheavy
element chemistry.1) So far, isotopes of element 104, 261Rf,
and element 106, 265Sg, have been produced for chemical
studies in the 248Cm(18O,5n) and 248Cm(22Ne,5n) reactions,
respectively.1,2) In this work, we produced element 105,
262
Db in the 248Cm(19F,5n) reaction and investigated its
decay properties in detail for future chemical studies of Db.
248
Cm2O3 targets with thicknesses of 230, 290, and 330
μg cm–2 were prepared by electrodeposition onto a 2-μm Ti
foil. The 19F6+ or 19F9+ ion beam was extracted from RILAC.
The beam energies were 103.1 and 97.4 MeV at the middleof the target, and the typical beam intensity was 4 particle
μA. The evaporation residues (ERs) separated by GARIS
were guided into the gas-jet chamber through a
0.5-μm-thick Mylar window, which was supported by a gridwith 84% transparency. Several magnetic rigidities were
investigated in Bρ = 1.73–2.09 Tm at a He pressure of 33
Pa; the optimal collection efficiency for 262Db was 8.1 ±
2.2% at Bρ = 1.89 Tm. The ERs were then transported by a
He/KCl gas jet to the rotating-wheel apparatus MANON for
α/SF spectrometry. In MANON, aerosol particles were
deposited on a Mylar foil of 0.5-μm thickness, 40 of whichwere set on the periphery of a rotating wheel. The wheel
was stepped at 15.5 s intervals to position the samples
between 15 pairs of Si PIN photodiodes.
We searched for time-correlated α1-α2 event pairs in thetime window of 58.5 s and in the energy range of 8.0 MeV≤ Eα ≤ 9.0 MeV. As a result, 71 and 4 α1-α2 pairs were foundat 103.1 and 97.4 MeV, respectively. By referring to the
α-particle energies (Eα) and half-lives (T1/2) adopted for262
Db and its daughter 258Lr,3) 74 α1-α2 were reasonably
assigned to 262Db → 258Lr →. One exceptional α1-α2 pair at
103.1 MeV was 261Db → 257Lr → via the 248Cm(19F,6n)
reaction. No α1-α2 pair on 263Db produced in the248
Cm(19F,4n) reaction (263Db → 259Lr →) was observed.
We also observed two SF events that correlated with the αdecays with energies and decay times of 262Db. Thissuggests that small SF and/or EC branches exist in 258Lr; the†Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 89, 024618 (2014).

*1

RIKEN Nishina Center*2

Graduate School of Science, Osaka University*3

Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University*4

Department of Chemistry, Niigata University*5

Advanced Science Research Center, JAEAEC decay daughter of 258Lr, 258No, is a short-lived SF
decaying nuclide with T1/2 ≈ 1.2 ms and bSF = 100%.3) On
the basis of the semi-empirical systematics of nuclear massand half-lives, the EC decay would be favored in 258Lr next
to the α decay.4)
The observed decay patterns of 262Db and 258Lr are shownin Fig. 1. The α-particle energies of Eα = 8.46 ± 0.04 (αintensity Iα = 70 ± 5%) and 8.68 ± 0.03 MeV (30 ± 5%)
were determined for 262Db, though three energies of Eα =8.45 (75%), 8.53 (16%), and 8.67 (9%) had been adopted.3)
The half-life of 262Db was measured to be T1/2 = 33.8+4.4–3.5 s,
and this agrees well with T1/2 = 34 ± 4 s in Ref.3) In thiswork, the SF activity with T1/2 = 30.2 ± 6.1 s was also
assigned to 262Db with a SF branch of bSF = 52 ± 4%. This islarger than the currently adopted bSF = ~33%.3) On the other
hand, the α-particle energies of 258Lr range from Eα = 8.43
to 8.73 MeV and the average α energy of Eα = 8.61 MeV
agrees well with Eα = 8.605 MeV deduced from the αenergies and intensities of 258Lr in Ref.3) The half-life of258
Lr, T1/2 = 3.54+0.46–0.36 s also agrees with that in Ref.3) (T1/2= 3.9+0.4–0.3 s). The EC branch in 258Lr was first determined
to be bEC = 2.6 ± 1.8%. The cross sections for the248
Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction were 2.1 ± 0.7 nb at 103.1 MeV
and 0.23+0.18–0.11 nb at 97.4 MeV, while those for the248
Cm(19F,4n)263Db reaction were the upper limits of ≤0.064 nb at 103.1 MeV and ≤ 0.13 nb at 97.4 MeV.
α (bα = 48%)

8.46 MeV (Iα = 70%)

262Db

34 s

8.68 MeV (Iα = 30%)

EC
(bEC = 2.6%)

258Lr

3.5 s

SF
(bSF = 52%)258No

α (bα = 97.4%)~1.2 ms

8.565 MeV (Iα = 20%)8.595 MeV (Iα = 46%)8.621 MeV (Iα = 25%)8.654 MeV (Iα = 9%)ReferencesSF(bSF = 100%)

Fig. 1. Observed decay
patterns for the chain
262
Db → 258Lr → (258No→).
The
α-particle
energies and intensities(Iα) of 258Lr and all decay
data of 258No are takenfrom Ref.3)

1) H. Haba et al.: Chem. Lett. 38, 426 (2009).
2) H. Haba et al.: Phys. Rev. C 85, 024611 (2012).
3) R. B. Firestone and V. S. Shirley: Table of Isotopes, 8th ed.
(John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1996).
4) H. Koura: private communication.

- xxiii -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Beta-decay properties of neutron-rich Zr isotopes studied by the
Skyrme energy-density functional method†
K. Yoshida∗1
The study of unstable nuclei has been a major subject in nuclear physics for a couple of decades. The
collective mode of excitation emerging in the responseof the nucleus to an external ﬁeld is a manifestationof the interaction among nucleons. Thus, the spinisospin channel of the interaction and the spin-isospin
part of the energy-density functional (EDF), which is
crucial for understanding and predicting the properties of unstable nuclei and asymmetric nuclear matter,
have been studied in much detail, especially throughGamow-Teller (GT) strength distributions.
The GT strength distribution has been extensively
investigated experimentally and theoretically not only
because of interest in the nuclear structure but also because β-decay half-lives set a time scale for the rapidneutron-capture process (r-process), and hence determine the production of heavy elements in the universe. The r-process path is far away from the stability line, and involves neutron-rich nuclei. They are
weakly bound and many of them are expected to be deformed according to the systematic Skyrme-EDF calculation1) .
Recently, β-decay half-lives of neutron-rich Kr to Tc
isotopes with A ≃ 110 located on the boundary of
the r-process path were newly measured at RIBF2) .
The ground-state properties such as deformation andsuperﬂuidity in neutron-rich Zr isotopes up to thedrip line have been studied by employing the SkyrmeHartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (HFB) method, and it has
been predicted that Zr isotopes around A = 110 are
well deformed in the ground states3) .
To investigate the GT mode of excitation and βdecay properties in the deformed neutron-rich Zr isotopes, we construct a new framework of the deformed
HFB + proton-neutron QRPA employing the Skyrme
EDF self-consistently in both the static and dynamic
levels. Furthermore, the HFB equations are solved inreal space for a proper description of the pairing correlations in weakly bound systems and coupling to thecontinuum states.
The T = 0 pairing interaction is eﬀective for the GT
excitation in systems where the ground states have theT = 1 pairing condensates. In the neutron-rich Zr isotopes under investigation, we ﬁnd that the T = 0 pairing interaction enhances the low-lying GT strengths.
The low-lying GT strength distribution strongly affects the β-decay rate. Thus, we can clearly see the†∗1

Condensed from the article in Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
(2013) 113D02
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University

Fig. 1. Experimental and theoretical β-decay half-lives of
the Zr isotopes, calculated by employing the SLy4 EDF
combined with and without the T = 0 pairing interaction.

eﬀect of T = 0 pairing in the β-decay life time. We
can calculate the β-decay half-life T1/2 with Fermi’s
golden rule by using the GT strength distributions microscopically obtained in the self-consistent pnQRPA
framework.
Figure 1 shows the β-decay half-lives of the Zr isotopes calculated with the SLy4 EDF combined withand without the T = 0 pairing interaction. We see thatthe attractive T = 0 pairing interaction substantiallyshortens the β-decay half-lives. β-decay rates depend
primarily on the Qβ value, the residual interactions inboth the p-h and p-p channels, and the shell structures. The framework developed here self-consistently
treats these key ingredients on the same footing. Oncethe strength of the T = 0 pairing interaction is determined so as to reproduce the observed β-decay half-lifeof 100 Zr, our calculation scheme well produces the isotopic dependence of the half-lives up to 110 Zr as wasrecently observed at RIBF.
References
1) M. V. Stoitsov et al.: Phys. Rev. C 68, 054312 (2003).
2) S. Nishimura et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 052502(2011).
3) A. Blazkiewicz et al.: Phys. Rev. C 71, 054321 (2005).

- xxiv -1

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Heavy-quark measurement using distance of closest approach analysis
R. Akimoto,∗1,∗2 Y. Akiba,∗1 H. Asano,∗1,∗3 T. Hachiya,∗1 M. Kurosawa,∗1 M. Shimomura,∗4 and the PHENIXVTX group

Owing to the optimization, the purity of heavy-quark
electrons in inclusive electrons is increased to morethan 50% where pT is larger than 1 GeV/c. The
left panel of Fig. 1 shows the S/N ratio, which is defined as the yield of heavy-quark electrons divided bythat of the others. The solid and open circles represent the S/N ratios as a function of electron pT withand without the isolation cut, separately. The contribution from heavy quarkonia was evaluated by using
their cross sections2) . The right panel of Fig. 1 shows
the yield fractions of electron components in inclusiveelectrons. The brown points represent the contributions of heavy-quarkonium decay. The contributionof heavy quarkonia is ∼15% in inclusive electrons at
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
a)
b)

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo
Kyoto University
Iowa State University
Electrons and positrons from heavy-quark decay are called
heavy-quark electrons.
The XY plane is defined as the plane perpendicular to thebeam axis, and the Z direction is defined as the direction
along the beam axis.

- xxv -

fraction in total

4

w/o isolation cut
with isolation cut

3
2

1.0

heavy quark
π0 Dalitz decay
photon conversion

heavy quarkonia

0.5

1
0
1

2

3

4
5
electron p [GeV/c]

0.0
1

2

3

T

4
5
electron p [GeV/c]
T

Fig. 1. S/N ratio (left) and yield fractions of electron components in inclusive electrons (right). The black, red,green, and brown points in the right panel represent
the fractions of heavy-quark electrons, electrons fromπ 0 Dalitz decay, electrons from photon conversion, andelectrons from decay of heavy quarkonia, respectively.

Figure 2 shows a comparison of the bottom fractionsin heavy-quark electrons as a function of electron pT
beforeand after the updates for p+p collisions with√s = 200 GeV. The open and solid circles indicate
the fractions before and after the updates, respectively.
The result after the updates is consistent with that
before the updates. The increase in the systematic
error is due to the error from the uncertainties of pT
distributions of charm and bottom quarks.
b→ e/(c→ e+b→ e)• Optimization of cut parameters for the isolation
cut, which is explained in ref.1) .
• Evaluation of contributions of electrons fromheavy quarkonia such as J/ψ.
• Evaluation of a systematic error from uncertainties of transverse momentum (pT ) distributions ofcharm and bottom quarks.

pT > 3 GeV/c. The systematic error from the uncertainties of pT distributions of charm and bottom
quarks was evaluated using the distributions obtained
from a PYTHIA simulation and FONLL calculation3)
and was found to be ∼50% for all pT ranges.
S/N ratio

Heavy quarks (charm and bottom) can be used asprobes to study the interaction between partons anda quark-gluon plasma (QGP). Heavy quarks are created by initial hard scattering, and thus, the changes
intheir properties when passing through the QGP canbe clearly extracted from their final states.
Separate measurements of modifications for charmand bottom quarks are informative because the dependence of the modification on the quark mass canbe evaluated. The separation of charm and bottom quarks can be achieved by the analysis of the
distances between the tracks and the beam collisionvertex (DCA). The DCA distributions of bottomed
hadrons are wider than those of charmed hadrons because the lifetimes of bottomed hadrons are considerably longer than those of charmed hadrons.
In this study, electrons and positrons from heavyquark decay were measureda) , and the yields of charmand bottom quarks were evaluated by fitting the DCA
distribution in the XY planeb) . We updated the following items from the previous results reported in ref.1) :

1.0
0.8
0.6

p+p at s=200 GeV
FONLL (y=0)
FONLL error (y=0)
After update
Before update

0.4
0.2
0.0

2

4
6
electron p [GeV/c]
T

Fig. 2. Bottom fractions in heavy-quark electrons. The
open and solid circles indicate the fractions before andafter the updates. The bars and squares represent statistical and systematic errors, respectively. The solidline indicates the result of FONLL calculation at rapidity y = 0, and the dashed lines indicate the boundariesof the error band for the calculation.3)

References
1) R. Akimoto et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 60(2012).
2) A. Adare et al.: Phys. Rev. D 85, 092004 (2012).
3) M. Cacciari et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 122001 (2005).

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Search for a dark photon in π 0 Dalitz decays by PHENIX
experiment at RHIC
Y. Akiba∗1 and Y. Yamaguchi∗2 for PHENIX Collaboration

Dark photon limit

Several models of dark matter suggest the existenceof a “dark photon,” an U (1) gauge boson in the dark
matter sector that mixes with an ordinary photon1) .
In these models, a dark photon is responsible for annihilation of a pair of dark matter particles into an e+ e−pair. Such annihilation can explain the positron excess
observed by PAMELLA, FERMI, and AMS-2 satellite
experiments. A dark photon can also explain the 3
σ level deviation of the anomalous magenetic momentof the muon (muon g − 2) from the Standard Modelcalculation.
In the simplest version of these models, a dark photon U mixes with a QED photon γ with a very small Expected reach with 1.3M events & 3MeV of σ
Fig. 1. Limit on the dark photon mixing parameter ϵ2 as a
mixing term of the Lagrangianfunction of dark photon mass. See the text for details.

ϵ QED µν
Lmix = − Fµν
Fdark ,
2
where ϵ is the mixing parameter.
The dark photon can have a small mass MU . If
MU is greater than twice the electron mass me , it can
decay into an e+ e− pair. In the natural version of themodel, this is the only decay mode. This means thefollowing:(1) A dark photon can be produced in any processthat can produce virtual photon with a small
fraction ϵ2 .
(2) Once produced, it decays exclusively into ane+ e− pair.
(3) The decay width of dark photon is very narrowand practically zero due to the small coupling ϵ2Therefore, if the mass of the dark photon is less thanthat of π 0 , a clear signal of dark photon should show
up as a narrow peak in e+ e− pair mass spectrum of π 0
Dalitz decays π 0 → e+ e− γ.
We searched for the signal of dark photon in π 0Dalitz decay data measured by PHENIX experiment
at RHIC. PHENIX is very well suited for this search
since it has a very good electron identification capability, a high mass resoluiton of low mass e+ e− pairs,
and a high statistics data sample of π 0 Dalitz decay.
We used the data set of p + p collision in 2006 run√
and d+Au collisions in 2008 run, both at sN N =200 GeV. We analyzed approximately 1.3 million e+ e−pairs for the search.
We did not find any significant peak in the Dalitz
pair mass spectrum. Thus, we set the upper limit on
the mixing parameter ϵ2 as a function of dark photon
mass MU from our null search result. In setting the∗1∗2

upper limit, we employed the CLs method, a statisticalmethod now widely used by the LHC experiments for
new particle searches.
The preliminary results of the search is shown in
Fig.1. The magenta band shows the observed 90 %CL upper limit on ϵ2 . The width of the band represents the systematic uncertainty of the limit. The
fluctuation of the limit is due to statistical fluctation of
the background continuum, i.e., Dalitz pair mass spectrum. If the background e+ e− mass spectrum fluctuate up (down), the upper limit on the dark photon becomes higher (lower). The dashed curve represents the“expected level” of the upper limit if there is no suchstatistical flucutation. The green and yellow bands are
expected statistical fluctuation of the upper limit at 1σ
and 2σ level, respectively. The fluctuation of the observed limit is within approximately 2σ level.
The gray band in the figure shows the 90 % CL region that can explain the muon g − 2 deviation. The
dashed curve shows the upper limit on ϵ2 from electrong − 2 at 2σ level. Together with the limit from electron
g −2, our results have excluded almost all region of themuon g − 2 band.
We are now working to finalize the data. We will
publish the final results soon.
References
1) Nima Arkani-Hamed et al., Phys. Rev. D79: 015014(2009).

RIKEN Nishina Center
CNS, University of Tokyo- xxvi -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory†
T. Noumi∗1 and M. Yamaguchi∗2
Inﬂation is strongly supported by recent observations of cosmic microwave background (CMB)
anisotropies.1,2) In particular, single ﬁeld slow-roll
inﬂation predicts almost adiabatic, Gaussian, andscale invariant primordial curvature perturbations,and these predictions well ﬁt the observational results.
On the other hand, high energy theories such as supergravity and superstring theory generically predict
additional scalar ﬁelds other than inﬂaton. To reconcile such a generic prediction of theories with recent
observations, it may be suggested that only one lightﬁeld plays a role of inﬂaton while the others are heavy.
In fact, eﬀects of such heavy ﬁelds are generically suppressed by their mass and the inﬂationary dynamics
can be well approximated by single ﬁeld inﬂation.
While such a scenario can explain the current observational results well, it would be quite interesting if
we could detect some deviation from single ﬁeld slowroll inﬂation in the current and future observational
experiments: such a deviation would be useful as aprobe of high energy physics. In this report, we would
like to investigate a possibility that heavy ﬁelds can affect inﬂationary dynamics and imprint some featureson primordial spectra.
One typical situation heavy ﬁelds matter is the casewhen heavy ﬁelds are excited by the sudden turn of thepotential and oscillates with high frequency.3–7) In general, oscillations of heavy ﬁelds generate the following
two signiﬁcant eﬀects: the modiﬁcation of the Hubble
parameter and the conversion eﬀect, that is, the mixing between adiabatic and isocurvature (heavy ﬁeld)
modes. We investigate these eﬀects in detail and evaluate the power spectra and bispectra of the primordial curvature perturbations in two-ﬁeld inﬂationarymodels with the canonical kinetic terms and a sudden
turning potential.
Suppose that the background trajectory is ﬁrst along
the bottom of the potential (the slow-roll direction).
The trajectory starts oscillating at the turning point
and such a heavy ﬁeld oscillation induces a deviationfrom single ﬁeld slow-roll inﬂation. The primordial
power spectrum of scalar curvature perturbations canthen be calculated as
2
]
[
Hsr
Pζ (k) =1 + CHubble (k) + Cconv (k) , (1)22
8π Msr ϵsr

m = 20Hsr

C
α2
k
k∗
Fig. 1. Deviation in the primordial power spectrum. Theorange/red/blue are −CHubble , Cconv , and C = CHubble +Cconv , respectively. Free parameters of our model are
the heavy field mass m, the turning angular α, and theturning scale k∗ . Here we used m = 20sr and assumed
that α is small enough, say α ∼ O(0.1).

The deviation CHubble is from the Hubble deformationeﬀect and Cconv is from the conversion eﬀect. As depicted in Fig. 1, the parametric resonance ampliﬁcation occurs from both of the two eﬀects and the peakat the turning scale arises from the conversion eﬀect.
It is, however, explicitly shown that resonance eﬀects
from the two eﬀects accidentally cancel each other out
for the case with the canonical kinetic terms. As a consequence, the peak at the turning scale becomes clear
and this feature characterizes this class of models withheavy ﬁeld oscillations.
We also evaluated primordial bispectra, whose main
source comes again from the Hubble deformation eﬀect
and the conversion interaction. We ﬁnd resonance andpeak features in the bispectra as in the case of power
spectra. Although the size of bispectra is not necessarily large, our results may be useful for probing theseeﬀects observationally.
In this work, we discussed two-ﬁeld models with asudden turning potential as a phenomenological toy
model, and clariﬁed features of heavy ﬁeld oscillations.
It would be interesting to investigate more realistic
models with heavy ﬁeld oscillations e.g. based on
string theory. It must be important to discuss theirdetectability in the current and future observations.
Referenceswhere the ﬁrst term represents the almost scaleinvariant power spectrum in single ﬁeld slow-roll inﬂation. The last two terms are the scale-dependent
deviation originated from the heavy ﬁeld oscillations.
†

∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in JCAP 1312 (2013) 038
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology- xxvii -1) G. Hinshaw et al.: arXiv:1212.5226.
2) P. A. R. Ade et al.: arXiv:1303.5082.
3) X. Chen: JCAP 1201, 038 (2012).
4) G. Shiu and J. Xu: Phys. Rev. D 84, 103509 (2011).
5) S. Cespedes, V. Atal and G. A. Palma: JCAP 1205,
008 (2012).
6) A. Achucarro, J. -O. Gong, S. Hardeman, G. A. Palmaand S. P. Patil: JHEP 1205, 066 (2012).
7) X. Gao, D. Langlois and S. Mizuno: JCAP 1210, 40(2012).

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Sudden termination of high-energy γ rays detected fromthunderclouds before lightning†

†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett., Vol. 111,
015001 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA
Shibaura Institute of technology
Department of High Energy Astrophysics, Institute of Spaceand Astronautical Science, JAXA
Department of Physics, University of TokyoMAXI team, RIKENCounts/30s

13000
12000
11000
10000
9000
8000
7000
6000
5000
750
700
650
600
550
500
450
400
350

13:20

GROWTHdaq1 (>0.04 MeV)

daq0 (>0.04 MeV)
MPs(0.05-3 MeV)

13:25

13:30

13:35 13:40
Time (UT)

13:45

13:50

Fig. 1. Count histories per 30 s of the present event, obtained during 13:20−13:50 UT. (Top) The NaI countrates of daq0 and daq1. (Bottom) The NaI count ratesof MPs 9 (black), 8 (red), and 7 (blue). The verticaldashed line indicates the lightning occurrence time.

GROWTH daq1(NaI)

10
Energy (MeV)

Observations of prolonged γ rays emitted fromthunderclouds are important for understanding how
relativistic electrons are produced there. Recently,
the Gamma Ray Observation of Winter Thunderclouds (GROWTH) experiment, successfully operated
mainly by RIKEN and the University of Tokyo at the
Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power plant since December 2006, has been conducting an increasing the number of prolonged γ-ray observations. Here we report
one particular event wherein γ-ray emission suddenly
terminated immediately before a lightning flash.
At ∼13:30 universal time (UT) on December 30,
2010 (22:30 local time), the GROWTH system of daq0
and daq1, consisting mainly of NaI counters, detected
γ-ray increases lasting for ∼3 min. Figure 1 shows theenhancements, together with those obtained by radiation monitoring posts (MPs) operated by the Tokyo
Electric Power Company. The observed duration isconsistent with previous GROWTH events1,2) . Importantly, only three MPs located within ∼1 km of
the GROWTH system clearly detected the radiation
bursts, while the remaining MPs (1−6) observed noincreases with statistical significance >2σ. This meansthat the horizontal extent of γ-ray emission on the
ground was within ∼1 km at most.
A lightning event was recorded by our optical sensor and electric field mill at 13:35:55 UT (dashed line
in Fig. 1). It is noted that a γ-ray termination seemingly coincided with the lightning occurrence. Interestingly, the Japan Lightning Detection Network system (Franklin Japan Co. Ltd.) registered no lightning
within 5 km of our site between 13:05 and 14:05 UT.
Thus, the termination is thought to be related to lightning that occurred >5 km away from the site.
As shown in Fig. 2, a notable feature of this eventis that the γ-ray termination occurred not in an exact coincidence with the lightning, but 800 ms prior toit. In addition, it is obvious that only >3 MeV γ-ray
radiation ceased before the lightning. This finding indicates that production of relativistic electrons to emit
>3 MeV γ rays would stop 800 ms before the lightning.

Counts/30s

H. Tsuchiya,∗1,∗2 T. Enoto,∗1,∗3 K. Iwata,∗4 S. Yamada,∗1 T. Yuasa,∗5 T. Kitaguchi,∗1 M. Kawaharada,∗5
K. Nakazawa,∗6 M. Kokubun,∗5 H. Kato,∗1 M. Okano,∗1 T. Tamagawa,∗1 and K. Makishima∗6,∗7

1

10-1
53

54

55
56
57
Time (seconds after 13:35 UT)

Fig. 2. Photon energies recorded during 13:35:53-13:35:57
UT. The time resolution is 0.1 ms.

Using an aircraft-onboard detector, Mcarthy andParks3) observed a similar termination event that follows an x-ray (5−110 keV) increase lasting for ∼10 s,and estimated a source length of ∼1 km by considering
the duration, the aircraft velocity, and an attenuation
length of 150 m for 100 keV x rays. It is certain fromthe present and these results that a local electric fieldin thunderclouds is enhanced, in a few seconds to minutes, to accelerate electrons and initiate lightning.
In summary, the present event shows that relativistic electrons were continuously produced in a limited
acceleration region 800 ms before lightning.
References
1) H. Tsuchiya et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 165002 (2007).
2) H. Tsuchiya et al.: J. Geophys. Res. 116, D09113(2011).
3) M. P. McCarthy and G. K. Parks: Geophys. Res. Lett.
12, 393 (1985).

- xxviii -1

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEARμSR study of Al-Mg, Al-Si and Al-Mg-Si alloys†
K. Matsuda,＊1,＊3 K. Nishimura,＊1,＊3 S. Wenner,＊2 R. Holmestad,＊2 T. Matsuzaki,＊3 F. L. Pratt,＊4 and C. D. Marioara＊5
Al–Mg–Si alloys constitute most of the worldwide
aluminium market as they have good mechanical strengthand are easily formable into end products. An optimal heat
treatment of alloys containing merely 1% solutes (Mg andSi) typically increases the hardness by a factor of 5 frompure aluminium. After the material is formed, an industrial
hardening procedure consists of solution heat treatment(SHT), typically at 550 deg., some (unavoidable) storage atroom temperature (RT) and artificial aging (AA), typicallyat 180 deg. Al–Mg–Si alloys quenched from SHT are
unstable at RT, and atomic clusters (with Mg and Si at
Al-fcc positions) form from the supersaturated solid
solution.1,2) The clusters in general are too small andcoherent with the Al matrix to be observed by transmission
electron microscopy (TEM).
Muons undergo interstitial diffusion inside solids. In
aluminium, they have been shown to be trapped by atoms in
substitutional lattice positions and by vacancies,3-5)
yielding a lower apparent muon diffusivity. In this work, we
exploit this effect and identify the muon trapping behaviorof Mg and Si atoms as well as vacancies in different stagesof heat treatment of aluminium alloys. Due to its industrial
and scientific interest, we study the ternary Al–Mg–Si
system, and we also include the binary Al–Mg and Al–Si
alloys mainly to isolate the ternary-specific features in theμSR data. Very dilute alloys have been probed with μSR
before, and small additions of Si, Mg and Cu were found to
greatly affect the muon kinetics.6) Our previous work on the
Al–Mg–Si system revealed the presence of a muon trapping
peak corresponding to clustering/precipitation.4) The main
goal of the current work is to establish a connection
between muon trapping rates and the microstructure of
Al–Mg–Si alloys as found from TEM studies.
Observed muon spin relaxation spectra in zero-field werecompared with those from a Monte Carlo simulation using
four fitting parameters: the dipolar width (Δ), the trapping
rate (νt), detrapping rate (νd) and the fraction of initiallytrapped nuons (p0), assuming that muon spins relaxed withthe single Δ value only when they were trapped. This data
analysis is similar to those employed by Sato et al.7) andHatano et al.8) The resulting temperature variation of themuon trapping rate is shown for eight selected samples inFig. 1
We note the following trapping rate characteristics for
Al–Mg: 1) heat treatment does not change the muon
behavior much in Al–Mg alloys at temperatures up 120K.
†

Condensed from the article in Acta Materialia 61, 6082 (2013)
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, U. Toyama＊2
Department of Physics, NTNU
＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊4
ISIS Facility, RAL＊5
Materials and Chemistry, SINTEF＊1

Fig. 1 Muon trapping rates (νt) for Al-Mg-Si, Al-Mg, Al-Si
alloys and pure Al estimated using simulations.4,5) The
symbol-label of 1.6-AQ denotes the trapping rate with theAl-1.6%Mg2Si sample quenched after SHT, those of 0.5Mg
illustrate the results with the samples of Al-0.5%Mg quenched(0.5Mg-AQ), storage at RT for 13d (0.5Mg-13d), and annealed
at 200 deg. for 1000 minutes (0.5Mg-200C), and the samemanner used with the samples of Al-0.5%Si. The open circle
presents the trapping rate observed with a pure Al (purity is
99.99%).

2) 13d and AQ samples have higher trapping rates than pure
Al at temperatures of 240–300 K. This is not the case forthe 200C sample. Correspondingly, for Al–Si: 3) themuon behavior in 12d and 200C samples is very similar tothat in pure Al, excluding only the lowest temperatures. 4)
A significant difference was observed at high temperatures
between AQ and 12d (or 200C) samples. 5) The higher
trapping rates of 0.5Mg-13d than those of 0.5Si-12d aroundRT indicate that Mg atoms tend to keep vacancies morethan Si atoms.
One of the authors (K. Nishimura) acknowledges JSPS
KAKENHI No.25289260.
References

1) K. Matsuda et al., J. Materials Science 35, 179 (2000).
2) S. Kim et al., Materials Transactions 54, 297 (2013).
3) K. W. Kehr et al., Phys. Rev. B26, 567 (1982).
4) S. Wenner et al., Phys. Rev. B86, 104201 (2012).
5) S. Wenner et al., Acta Metrialia 61, 6082 (2013).
6) M. Doyama et al., Hyper. Inter. 17, 225 (1984).
7) E. Sato et al., Hyper. Inter. 17, 203 (1984).
8) T. Hatano et al., Hyper. Inter. 17, 211 (1984).

- xxix -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR

Investigation of the magnetic states in new spin-tetrahedral K4Cu4Cl10O†
X.G. Zheng,＊1 M. Fujihala,＊1 and I. Watanabe＊2
The spin-tetrahedral K4Cu4Cl10O showed a very broadsusceptibility maximum centered around 10 K and a rapid
increase below 5 K. SR measurements for the system were
performed at RIKEN-RAL.
For K4Cu4Cl10O, no change appeared around 10 K, whichis consistent with a spin-singlet state theoretically predicted
for isolated spin tetrahedral system. Long-range order wasobserved below 4.4 K (Fig. 2), but with broad distribution
in the precession frequency, which is interpreted as
evidence for an incommensurate order.
25
(G)

3

20

Asymmetry a(t) (%)

Geometrically frustrated magnets, in which localized
magnetic moments on triangular, kagome or pyrochlore
lattices interact through competing exchange interactions,have recently attracted a lot of interest owing to thediversity in the exotic ground states that they display.
Various reports on unconventional magnetic properties
provide a challenging and testing ground for theoreticalmodels. Among the several systems reported, the S-1/2
quantum systems have received particular attention.
While much of the kagome and pyrochlore
antiferromagnets, which are much more complicated totheoretically model than the triangular lattice, are still not
well understood, the isolated spin tetrahedral system withweak inter-tetrahedral couplings has recently attracted
attention because it can directly demonstrate the interplay ofinter-tetrahedral couplings with the built-in tetrahedral
frustration. Of more wide interest, they also represent aninteresting class of magnets consisting of weakly coupledmagnetic clusters. Till date, the Cu2Te2O5X2 (X = Cl, Br)
family and the related compound Cu4Te5O12Cl4 have been
considered the only real systems of such tetrahedra, but they
have remarkable structural anisotropies both inside andoutside the tetrahedra, leading to much controversy about
their anisotropic magnetic couplings and dimensionality[1-3]. There are several questions that prompt lot of
discussion. The most important one is the magnetic
dimensionality of the system due to the notable structuralanisotropies inside and between the tetrahedra.
Recently, we have synthesized new S-1/2 quantum
systems of spin-tetrahedral K4Cu4Cl10O, where themagnetic moments (Cu2+ spins) occupy a three-dimensional
tetrahedral lattice, as shown in Fig. 1.

2
1
0

0

10

20

30

40

T (K)

50

60

70

80

15
10
5
0

70 K
4.8 K
4.4 K

4.2 K
0.3 K

RIKEN-RAL

Time t ( s)Fig. 2. Zero-field μSR asymmetry spectra at typicaltemperatures for K4Cu4Cl10O obtained from the
RIKEN-RAL beam line. The solid lines on the back of thehigh-temperature data are fitted curves as described in Phys.
Rev. B 87, 144425 (2013). The inset plot shows theestimated nuclear field distribution .
Here, our work shows that similar incommensurateordering also exists in a three-dimensional isolated spintetrahedral system.
References

Fig. 1. Tetrahedral lattice in K4Cu4Cl10O.
†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. B 87, 144425 (2013)
Department of Physics, Saga University＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center＊11) P. Lemmens, K.-Y. Choi, E. E. Kaul, C. Geibel, K. Becker, W.
Brenig, R. Valenti, C. Gros, M. Johnsson, P. Millet, and F. Mila,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 227201 (2001).
2) O. Zaharko, A. Daoud-Aladine, S. Streule, J. Mesot, P.-J.
Brown, and H. Berger, Phys. Rev. Lett. 93, 217206 (2004).
3) Z. Jagličić, S. El Shawish, A. Jeromen, A. Bilušić, A. Smontara,
Z. Trontelj, J. Bonča, J. Dolinšek, and H. Berger, Phys. Rev. B
73, 214408 (2006).

- xxx -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTSC O N T E N T S
Page

GRAVURE & HIGHLIGHTS OF THE YEAR
Extending the Nuclear Chart, Expanding our Wisdom··············································································
H. Suzuki for the BigRIPS teami

RI beam production at BigRIPS since its commssioning in 2007·································································
N. Inabe et al.

iv

Identification and separation of radioactive isotope beams by the BigRIPS separator at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory······
N. Fukuda et al.

v

Production cross section measurements of radioactive isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory·········
H. Suzuki et al.

viComparison of production yields of neutron-rich nuclei between Be and W targets by in-flight fission of 238U beam·····
D. Murai et al.

vii

Production rates of new neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei via in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238U beam··············
D. Kameda et al.

viii

Evidence for a new nuclear ʻmagic numberʼ in 54Ca·················································································
D. Steppenbeck et al.

ix

First physics data of the J-PARC E15 Experiment···················································································
Y. Sada et al.

x

Measurement of the 248Cm + 48Ca fusion reaction products at RIKEN GARIS··················································
K. Morita et al.

xiOperational test of micro-oven for 48Ca beam························································································
K. Ozeki et al.

xii

Current status of RI beam production at electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT (ERIS)······························
T. Ohnishi et al.

xiii

In-beam validation of the MINOS device at HIMAC···············································································
C. Santamaria et al.

xiv

Seniority isomer in 128Pd·················································································································
H. Watanabe et al.

xv

Evolution of collectivity in neutron-rich Ru nuclei··················································································
P.-A. Söderström et al.

xvi

Isomer spectroscopy of neutron-rich Nd isotopes····················································································
Mn. Tanaka et al.

xvii

Proton scattering of 16C at 300 MeV/nucleon·························································································
S. Terashima et al.

xviii

Structure of 19C studied by one-neutron knockout at SAMURAI··································································
J.W. Hwang et al.

xix

Exploration of cluster structure on neutron rich nuclei 16C with SAMURAI magnetic spectrometer·························
H. Otsu et al.

xx

Structure study of 10He by 11Li(d,3He) transfer reaction·············································································
A. Matta et al.

xxi

New isotope candidates, 215U and 216U·································································································
Y. Wakabayashi et al.

xxii

Production of 262Db in the 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction and decay properties of 262Db and 258Lr·······························
H. Haba et al.

xxiii

Beta-decay properties of neutron-rich Zr isotopes studied by the Skyrme enegy-density functional method···············
K. Yoshida

xxiv

Heavy-quark measurement using distance of closest approach analysis··························································
R. Akimoto et al.

xxv

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Search for a dark photon in π0 Dalitz decays by PHENIX experiment at RHIC·················································
Y. Akiba et al.

xxvi

Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory···················································································
T. Noumi and M. Yamaguchi

xxvii

Sudden termination of high-energy γ rays detected from thunderclouds before lightning·····································
H. Tsuchiya et al.

xxviiiμSR study of Al-Mg, Al-Si and Al-Mg-Si alloys·····················································································
K. Matsuda et al.

xxix

Investigation of the magnetic states in new spin-tetrahedral K4Cu4Cl10O·························································
X.G. Zheng et al.

xxx

I. PREFACE ···································································································································

1

II. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES I (Nuclear, Particle and Astro-Physics)
1. Nuclear Physics
Search for isomers in neutron-rich Cs isotopes·······················································································
A. Yagi et al.

3

Decay spectroscopy in the neutron-rich A~140 region beyond the doubly-magic 132Sn········································
R. Lozeva et al.

4Lifetime measurements of excited states in 102, 104Zr with a LaBr3(Ce) array·····················································
F. Browne et al.

5

Progress of study of β-decay of neutron-rich nuclei with Z ~ 60···································································
J. Wu et al.

6

Study of the superallowed β-decay of 100Sn···························································································
D. Lubos et al.

7

Decay spectroscopy around 78Ni with the EURICA setup···········································································
G. Benzoni et al.

8

Structure of neutron-rich Zr and Mo isotopes························································································
T. Sumikama et al.

9

Search for K-isomers in neutron-rich Z≈60 isotopes················································································
E. Ideguchi et al.

10

Isomer study on neutron-rich Pm isotopes using EURICA at RIBF·······························································
R. Yokoyama et al.

11

Beta-delayed proton emission of 73Sr and effective lifetime of the rp-process waiting point 72Kr
in X-ray bursts environment······································································································
L. Sinclair et al.

12

Commissioning of a LaBr3(Ce) array with EURICA at RIBF······································································
Z. Patel et al.

13

Deuteron Analyzing Powers for dp elastic scattering at 250–294 MeV/nucleon and three-nucleon force···················
K. Sekiguchi et al.

14

Shallow and diffuse spin-orbit potential for proton elastic scattering from neutron-rich helium isotopes at 71
MeV/nucleon·······················································································································
S. Sakaguchi et al.

15

Study of proton and neutron density distributions observed via proton elastic scattering at 200 and 300 MeV·············
J. Zenihiro et al.

16

Spin-isospin response of the neutron-rich nucleus 8He via the (p,n) reaction in inverse kinematics··························
M. Kobayashi et al.

17

New type of spectroscopy via heavy-ion double charge exchange (12C,12Be(0+2)) reaction·····································
M. Takaki et al.

18

Study of spin-isospin responses via exothermic charge exchange reaction (8He, 8Li)··········································
H. Miya et al.

19Spectroscopy of single-particle states in oxygen isotopes via AO( p,pN ) reaction with polarized protons···················
S. Kawase et al.

20

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Missing-mass spectroscopy of the 4n system via exothermic double-charge exchange reaction at high beam counting
rates··································································································································
K. Kisamori et al.

21

Parity-transfer (16O,16F) reaction for study of pionic 0– mode······································································
M. Dozono et al.

22

Missing mass spectroscopy on carbon isotopes beyond proton drip-line·························································
T. Miyazaki et al.

23

Design of experiment for search of 10N resonances with resonant scattering of 9C off polarized proton·····················
E. Milman et al.

24

Measurement of alpha elastic scattering on 15O······················································································
A. Kim et al.

25

Study of unbound oxygen isotopes 25O and 26O using SAMURAI································································
Y. Kondo et al.

26

Two-neutron removal reaction from 22C·······························································································
N. Kobayashi et al.

27

One-neutron knockout reaction of 17C on a hydrogen target at 70 MeV/nucleon················································
Y. Satou et al.

28

Invariant mass spectroscopy of 17C at SAMURAI···················································································
S. Kim et al.

29

Structure of 18B ···························································································································
S. Leblond et al.

30

Energy dependence of π– differential cross section in 28Si + In with beam energies of 400, 600 and 800····················
M. Sako et al.

31

Study of symmetry energy using isospin diffusion process in heavy-ion collision at RIBF···································
N. Nakatsuka et al.

32

Simulation study of neutron measurement using NEBULA simulation package for SπRIT project··························
G. Jhang et al.

33

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 34,36,38Mg: Merging the N = 20 and N = 28 shell quenching···································
P. Doornenbal et al.

34

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 80Zn····································································································
Y. Shiga et al.

35

Intermediate energy Coulomb excitation of 73,74,75Ni················································································
A. Gottardo et al.

36

Zeeman resonance spectroscopy of 84–87Rb in superfluid helium··································································
X.F. Yang et al.

37

Study of high-spin states in 35S·········································································································
S. Go et al.

38

Measurement of 41S spin polarization·································································································
H. Shirai et al.

39

Offline experiment of high-resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy on Titanium using injection-locked Ti:
Sapphire laser system··············································································································
T. Takamatsu et al.

40

First α-γ spectroscopic study using a Si-Ge detector array installed at the focal plane of GARIS····························
D. Kaji et al.

41

Experimental study of resonant states in 27P via elastic scattering of 26Si+p·····················································
H.S. Jung et al.

42

Study of resonance states in 26Si by elastic scattering of 22Mg+α··································································
N.N. Duy et al.

43

Confirmation of the astrophysically important 6.15-MeV, 1– state in 18Ne via resonant proton scattering of 17F+p········
J. Hu et al.

44

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Progress on the 16N beta delayed alpha decay studied using the Center for Nuclear Study Multi Sampling Time
Projection Chamber················································································································
S. Cherubini et al.

45

Search for new isotopes near the proton drip-line close to 100Sn···································································
I. Čeliković et al.

46

Identification of 18 new neutron-rich isotopes produced in the EURICA uranium beam campaign··························
Y. Shimizu et al.

47

Charge-state determination for new isotopes near the proton drip-line···························································
Y. Ohkoda et al.

48

2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)
Giant monopole resonances in covariant finite-amplitude method································································
H.Z. Liang et al.

49

Spin-orbit effects on pseudospin symmetry···························································································
H.Z. Liang et al.

50

Shape evolution of giant resonances in Nd and Sm isotopes·······································································
K. Yoshida and T. Nakatsukasa

51

Tensor force and shape evolution of Si isotopes in Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model···············································
A. Li et al.

52

Incompressibility in finite fermionic systems: application to stable and exotic nuclei··········································
E. Khan et al.

53

Competition between T = 1 and T = 0 pairing in pf shell nuclei with N = Z······················································
H. Sagawa et al.

54

Joint project for large-scale nuclear strucuture calculations········································································
N. Shimizu et al.

55

Pairing correlation and quasi-particle resonances in neutron drip-line nuclei····················································
Y. Kobayashi and M. Matsuo

56

Di-neutron correlation in pair-addition vibrational mode of the neutron-rich Sn isotopes·····································
H. Shimoyama and M. Matsuo

57

Angular momentum dependence of moments of inertia due to Coriolis anti-pairing and blocking effects··················
K. Sugawara-Tanabe and K. Tanabe

58

Energy-density-functional calculations including proton–neutron mixing·······················································
K. Sato et al.

59

Skyrme-RPA calculation for octupole vibrations of rotating superdeformed nuclei············································
M. Yamagami and K. Matsuyanagi

60

Di-neutron correlation in asymptotic tail of weakly bound nuclei·································································
Y. Zhang et al.

61

Deformed nuclei in the black-sphere approximation················································································
A. Kohama et al.

62

Shell-model description of low-lying states in Rn isotopes·········································································
N. Yoshinaga and K. Higashiyama

63

Shell-model study of nuclear structure around 100Sn·················································································
M. Honma et al.

64

Giant dipole resonance in 88Mo from phonon damping modelʼs strength functions averaged over temperature andangular momentum distributions·································································································
N. Dinh Dang et al.

65

On the importance of using exact pairing in the study of pygmy dipole resonance·············································
N. Dinh Dang and N. Quang Hung

66

Microscopic analysis of fusion hindrance in heavy systems········································································
K. Washiyama

67

3. Nuclear Data
Compilation of nuclear reaction data from RIBF····················································································
A. Makinaga et al.

69

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Nuclear data format suitable simultaneously for databases, experimentalists and users········································
M. Aikawa et al.

70

Development of nuclear data application software with “Webble World”························································
S. Ebata et al.

71

Systematic study of nuclear data for nuclear transmutation········································································
A. Makinaga et al.

72

JCPRG-RNC joint workshop on nuclear data························································································
M. Aikawa et al.

73

4. Hadron Physics—

Neutral pion production with respect to centrality and reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at √ s
Y. Aramaki et al.

= 200 GeV············

75= 200 GeV at PHENIX············

76

Status of CuAu flow measurement·····································································································
H. Nakagomi et al.

77—

Study of medium properties with two particle correlations in d+Au collisions at √ s
C.H. Chen—

Study of direct photon azimuthal anisotropy in √ s
S. Mizuno et al.

NN

NN= 200 GeV Au+Au in RHIC-PHENIX experiment···················

78

Result of the energy scan program at RHIC-PHENIX··············································································
Y. Ikeda

79

Search for the strong magnetic field via di-electron measurement in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-PHENIX··············
T. Hoshino et al.

80

NN

—

High pT hadron production in Au+Au collisions at √ s
Y. Akiba et al.

= 200 GeV······························································

81

Status of the charm and bottom measurement with PHENIX-VTX·······························································
T. Hachiya et al.

82

NN

–

Measurement of D0 in p+p collisions at √ s = 200 GeV using the Silicon Vertex Tracker at RHIC-PHENIX···············
T. Moon et al.

83

Development of coordinate offset online calibration system at RHIC-PHENIX················································
H. Asano et al.

84–

Status of analysis of longitudinal double helicity asymmetry in π0 production in √ s = 510 GeV polarized
proton–proton collision by PHENIX central arm··············································································
I. Yoon et al.
Status of π0 pair ALL analysis in RHIC-PHENIX experiment·······································································
K. Hashimoto et al.

85
86

–

Measurement of longitudinal double-spin asymmetries of J/ψ production in polarized p+p collisions at √ s = 500 GeV
for 2012 run·························································································································
X. Wang et al.

87

PHENIX local polarimetery analysis status···························································································
M. Kim et al.

88

Sea quark polarization measurement by W ± → μ ± in PHENIX 2012·····························································
C. Kim et al.

89

Study of the dimuon process for PHENIX W ± → μ ± analysis using 2012 data··················································
S. Park et al.

90

PHENIX W → μ measurements from the 2013 data-taking period································································
R. Seidl et al.

91

Improvement of global alignment of PHENIX muon tracker ······································································
T. Iguri et al.

92

Forward spectrometer upgrade of the PHENIX experiment········································································
Y. Goto et al.

93

Design for an eRHIC detector based on the sPHENIX detector···································································
K. Boyle et al.

94

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

The Application of Gaussian Procession to Background Spectrum Modeling at PHENIX····································
J. Seele et al.

95

Fragmentation function measurements with the Belle detector····································································
R. Seidl et al.

96

Probing flavor asymmetry of antiquarks of the proton in the E906/SeaQuest experiment·····································
S. Miyasaka et al.

97—

Elliptic flow of neutral pion in Pb+Pb collisions at √ s
T. Tsuji et al.

= 2.76 TeV by ALICE experiment··································

98

Measurement of high-pT neutral mesons with a high-energy photon trigger at ALICE·········································
S. Yano and K. Shigaki

99

Azimuthal distribution of jets with respect to high-pT neutral pion triggers in pp collisions from ALICE···················
D. Watanabe and T.Chujo

100—

Measurement of dielectron production in √ s
S. Hayashi et al.

NN= 5.02 TeV p-Pb collisions at LHC-ALICE··································

101

Quark contribution for center domain in heavy ion collisions ·····································································
K. Kashiwa and A. Monnai

103

Signatures of chiral magnetic wave in heavy ion collisions········································································
H.-U. Yee

104

Dihadron Fragmentation Functions in the NJL-Jet Model··········································································
H. Matevosyan et al.

105

Twist-3 fragmentation and transverse single-spin asymmetries····································································
D. Pitonyak

106

Polarized fragmentation functions and electron-positron annihilation····························································
D. Pitonyak

107

Spatial Wilson loops in high-energy heavy-ion collisions··········································································
A. Dumitru

108

Bose-Einstein Condensation in “the very hot”························································································
J. Liao109

Out-of-equilibrium chiral magnetic effect at strong coupling······································································
S. Lin and H-U. Yee

110

General conditions ensuring relativistic causality in an effective field theory based on the derivative expansion··········
Y. Minami and Y. Hidaka

111

Boundary Restoration of Chiral Symmetry···························································································
B. Tiburzi

112

Cutoff effects on lattice nuclear forces································································································
T. Doi113

Nucleon axial charge in lattice QCD with nearly physical pion mass·····························································
S. Ohta et al.

114

Lattice QCD calculation of n – n– transition amplitudes·············································································
S. Syritsyn et al.

115

Columbia plot and ’t Hooft loop at imaginary chemical potential·································································
K. Kashiwa and R. D. Pisarski

116

Progress towards an ab initio, Standard Model calculation of direct CP-violation in K-decays·······························
C. Kelly

117

NN

5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

6. Particle Physics
Improved estimate of neutral B meson mixing in static limit of b quark with AMA technique································
T. Ishikawa et al.

119

Lorentz invariant CPT violation········································································································
K. Fujikawa et al.

120

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Conditionally valid uncertainty relations······························································································
K. Fujikawa

121

Heisenberg uncertainty relation revisited······························································································
K. Fujikawa

122

Note on intersecting branes in topological strings···················································································
T. Kimura123

Non-Lagrangian theories from brane junctions·······················································································
M. Taki et al.

124

Holomorphic blocks for 3D non-Abelian partition functions·······································································
M. Taki

125

Notes on the enhancement of flavor symmetry and 5d superconformal index···················································
M. Taki126

From the Berkovits formulation to the Witten formulation in open superstring field theory···································
Y. Iimori et al.

127

A landscape in boundary string field theory: new class of solutions with massive state condensation·······················
K. Hashimoto and M. Murata

128

Vacuum instability in electric fields via AdS/CFT: Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian and Planckian thermalization···········
K. Hashimoto and T. Oka

129

Unitarity bounds from generalised Käbler identities·················································································
J. Schmude

130Superconformal indices for gauge duals of AdS4 × SE7·············································································
J. Schmude131

Sine square deformation and its implication to string theory·······································································
T. Tada132

Phase structure of two-dimensional topological insulators by lattice strong-coupling expansion·····························
Y. Araki and T. Kimura

133

Effective gravitational interactions of dark matter axions··········································································
T. Noumi et al.

134

Composite dark matter and lattice simulations·······················································································
E.T. Neil et al.

135

7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology
Dynamics of X-ray–emitting ejecta in the oxygen-rich supernova remnant Puppis A revealed by the XMM-Newton
RGS··································································································································
S. Katsuda et al.

137

NuSTAR observation of the fast rotating magnetized white dwarf AE Aquarii···················································
T. Kitaguchi et al.

138

Measurement of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios in considerably low nitrate concentration ice core samples··········
S. Okamoto et al.

139

8. Accelerator
Conceptual design of SC linac for RIBF-upgrade plan··············································································
K. Yamada et al.

141

Recent development of RIKEN 28-GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source·························
Y. Higurashi et al.

142

Development of high-temperature oven for the 28-GHz ECR ion source························································
J. Ohnishi et al.

143

Improved beryllium disk stripper for uranium acceleration at RIKEN RIBF····················································
H. Hasebe et al.

144

Test ot differential pumping system with plasma window using gas cell·························································
H. Kuboki et al.

145

Charge state distribution measurement of 86Kr in H2 and He gases at 2.7 MeV/nucleon·······································
H. Kuboki et al.

146

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Air stripper for high-intensity xenon beam····························································································
H. Imao et al.

147

Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for RIKEN RI Beam Factory··············································
K. Suda et al.

148

Renewal of automatic tuning systems for RILAC cavities·········································································
K. Yamada et al.

149

Replacement of main coils of RRC-W sector magnet···············································································
Y. Watanabe et al.

150

Replacement of the RIKEN ring cyclotron (RRC) power supplies ·······························································
K. Kumagai et al.

151

Vacuum leaks in accelerators············································································································
S. Watanabe et al.

152

Reinforcement of magnetic shield for HTc SQUID beam current monitor at the RIBF········································
T. Watanabe et al.

153

Online monitoring of beam intensity using current transformer at CRIB·························································
R. Koyama et al.

154

Online monitoring of beam phase and intensity using lock-in ampliﬁers·························································
R. Koyama et al.

155

Modification of beam diagnosis chambers in RILAC2 high-energy beam transport············································
K. Yamada et al.

156

Upgrading the server system using virtualization technology in the RIBF control system·····································
A. Uchiyama et al.

157

Development of a system for measurement beam service time in RIBF operations············································
A. Uchiyama et al.

158

NISHINA RIBF water-cooling system 2013··························································································
T. Maie et al.

159

Magnetic field clamp in direct plasma injection scheme············································································
M. Okamura et al.

160

Creation of cocktail beam from alloy target with laser··············································································
S. Ikeda et al.

161

Interaction of plasmas in laser ion source with double laser system·······························································
Y. Fuwa et al.

162

Control of plasma shape with pulsed solenoid on laser ion source································································
M. Sekine

163

Analyses of the plasma generated by laser irradiation on sputtered target for determination of the target thickness used
for plasma generation··············································································································
M. Kumaki et al.

164

9. Instrumentation
Ion-optical measurements using uranium primary beam with different charge states···········································
H. Takeda et al.

165

Database of radioactive isotopes produced at the BigRIPS separator·····························································
Y. Shimizu et al.

166

Extraction of 3D field maps of magnetic multipoles from 2D surface measurements··········································
H. Takeda et al.

167

Radiation damage of plastic scintillation counter····················································································
D.S. Ahn et al.

168

Development of the fast interlock system at the BigRIPS separator······························································
K. Yoshida et al.

169

Energy resolution of a gas ionization chamber for high-energy heavy ions······················································
Y. Sato et al.

170

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of intense 22Na beam for application to wear diagnostics··························································
A. Yoshida et al.

171

Development of ion-optics mode for the SAMURAI beam line···································································
H. Suzuki et al.

172

Operational status of the superconducting SAMURAI magnet····································································
H. Sato et al.

173

Vacuum system for the SAMURAI spectrometer····················································································
Y. Shimizu et al.

174

Full-size partition window for the SAMURAI spectrometer·······································································
Y. Shimizu et al.

175

Development Of Multiple-Particle Tracking Algorithm For Forward Drift Chamber In SAMURAI·························
M. Kurata-Nishimura et al.

176

Effect of stray field of the SAMURAI spectrometer on the neutron detector array WINDS···································
Y. Kubota and M. Sasano

177

Development of a silicon detector array with large dynamic range································································
M. Kurokawa et al.

178

Development of a γ-ray calorimeter for the measurement of highly excited states··············································
Y. Togano et al.

179

Development of a next-generation PSD type neutron detector, NiGIRI··························································
H. Matsuzawa et al.

180

Development of gating grid driver for SPiRIT TPC·················································································
T. Usukura et al.

181

SPYBOX: Clock Monitoring at the GET Electronics···············································································
A. Perrevoort et al.

182

Development of TPC readout system for SπRIT project············································································
T. Isobe et al.

183

Simulation study of a trigger scintillator array for the SPiRIT experiment·······················································
T. Yoshida et al.

184

SHARAQ spectrometer for high-resolution studies for RI-induced reactions···················································
S. Michimasa et al.

185

Development of dual effective gas gain multiplication in CNS Active Target for a high-intensity beam injection·········
C.S. Lee et al.

186

Development of enlarged spin-polarized proton target for RI beam experiments ···············································
S. Chebotaryov et al.

187

β-NMR measurement of unstable nuclei with cross-polarization technique·····················································
T. Kawahara et al.

188

The spin polarization of proton target in SHARAQ04 experiment································································
T.L. Tang et al.

189

Proton polarization in photo-excited aromatic molecule at room temperature enhanced by intense optical source andtemperature control················································································································
S. Sakaguchi et al.

190

Dynamic nuclear polarization with photoexcited triplet electrons in a glassy matrix···········································
K. Tateishi et al.

191

Hyperpolarization of thin films with dynamic nuclear polarization using photoexcited triplet electrons····················
K. Tateishi et al.

192

Room-temperature hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in bulk·····································································
K. Tateishi et al.

193

Development of 3He comagnetometer for 129Xe EDM measurement······························································
Y. Ichikawa et al.

194

SCRIT electron spectrometer (II)·······································································································
T. Suda et al.

195

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Field measurement of SCRIT electron spectrometer················································································
T. Tamae et al.

196

Design of Recoil-Arm for the SCRIT Experiment···················································································
Y. Shimakura et al.

197

Test of new readout card for the SCRIT drift chamber··············································································
S. Matsuo et al.

198

Construction status of the Rare-RI Ring (R3)························································································
Y. Yamaguchi et al.

199

Developments of time-of-flight detectors for Rare-RI Ring········································································
Y. Abe et al.

200

Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up for the Rare-RI Ring project·······················································
F. Suzaki et al.

201

Control system for the magnet power supplies of the Rare-RI Ring······························································
M. Komiyama et al.

202

Installation of SLOWRI-1···············································································································
M. Wada et al.

203

Performance of an ion surfing rf-carpet in high gas pressure for application in a high energy RI beam gas catcher·······
F. Arai et al.

204

A gas-cell ion cooler and buncher for SLOWRI······················································································
Y. Ito et al.

205

Conceptual design of a post accelerator for SLOWRI···············································································
S. Arai and M. Wada

206

Wide-band mass measurements with a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph·····································
P. Schury et al.

207

Design work for PALIS system·········································································································
T. Sonoda et al.

208

Transportation of laser beams for PALIS······························································································
H. Iimura et al.

209

New laser system installation for PALIS······························································································
T. Sonoda et al.

210

PALIS laser interlock system for human and machine protection·································································
T. Sonoda et al.

211

Measurement of the hyperfine structure of 197Au atom in superfluid helium·····················································
T. Fujita et al.

212

GARIS-II commissioning #3 and #4···································································································
D. Kaji et al.

213

Study on detector response to spontaneous fission events of heavy nuclides using the 206Pb+48Ca reaction·················
M. Takeyama et al.

214

Identification of every target mounted on a rotating wheel and its application··················································
D. Kaji et al.

215

Gamma-ray inspection of rotating object······························································································
T. Kambara et al.

216

Image reconstruction algorithm for gamma-ray inspection of rotating objects··················································
H. Takeichi et al.

217

Test of the MINOS liquid H2 target at RIBF··························································································
A. Corsi et al.

218

Development of KEK isotope separation system·····················································································
Y. Hirayama et al.

219

Detection efficiency of segmented neutron detector at 200 MeV··································································
Y. Kubota et al.

220

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Preparation status of the J-PARC E16 experiment : measurement of vector meson mass in nuclei···························
S. Yokkaichi et al.

221

Background estimation and operation test of the GEM detectors for the J-PARC E16 experiment···························
D. Kawama et al.

222

Development of the tracking detector with large GEM foils for the J-PARC E16 experiment································
Y. Komatsu et al.

223

Development of a prototype module for the lead-glass calorimeter readout and an ASIC for GEM foil trigger for
J-PARC E16 experiment··········································································································
T.N. Takahashi et al.

224

Testing a GEM tracker in a magnetic field for the J-PARC E16 experiment·····················································
W. Nakai et al.

225

Measurement of photoelectron yield in a hadron blind detector for the J-PARC E16 experiment····························
K. Kanno et al.

226

Performance of scalable readout system·······························································································
Y. Morino et al.

227

Status of silicon pixel detector for PHENIX experiment toward RHIC Run-14·················································
M. Kurosawa et al.

228

Construction of PHENIX Silicon Pixel Tracker······················································································
H. Torii et al.

229

Quality assurance test of hybrid sensors for new silicon pixel detector···························································
T. Sumita et al.

230

Development of SOI pixel sensor for environmental radiation monitor··························································
Y. Sekiguchi et al.

231

High rate capability of gas ionization chamber with flash ADC···································································
M. Sasano et al.

232

Development of MWDC readout system for the spectroscopy experiment of η' mesic nuclei at GSI and FAIR············
H. Yamakami et al.

233

Development of Trigger Circuit Forward Vertex Detector at PHENIX···························································
T. Nagashima et al.

234

Common trigger firmware for GTO····································································································
H. Baba et al.

235

Computing and network environment at the RIKEN Nishina Center·····························································
T. Ichihara et al.

236

CCJ operation in 2013···················································································································
Y. Ikeda et al.

237

III. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES II (Material Science and Biology)
1. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Ion)
Beta-NMR study of 58Cu in Si··········································································································
M. Mihara et al.
Observation of hyperfine resonance of 87Rb in superfluid helium toward laser spectroscopy of atoms with exotic
nuclei·································································································································
K. Imamura et al.
Search for efficient laser resonance ionization schemes for Ta and W in KISS··················································
M. Mukai et al.
Reaction-rate measurements of cold ion-polar molecule reactions using a combined Stark-velocity-filter–ion-trap
apparatus····························································································································
K. Okada et al.

239

240
241

242

Effects of 2.6-GeV uranium irradiation on (Ba,K)Fe2As2 single crystals·························································
T. Tamegai et al.

243

Site occupancies of hydrogen in Nb alloyed with oversized Ta atoms or undersized Mo atoms······························
E. Yagi et al.

244

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Evaluation of single-event damages on Silicon Carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs···············································
E. Mizuta et al.

245

2. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Muon)
μSR study of the spin correlation in iron-chalcogenide superconductors Fe1–yMySe0.3Te0.7 (M = Co, Ni, Zn)···············
T. Adachi et al.

247

μSR remeasurement of La2CuO4 to reinvestigate the muon sites··································································
B. Adiperdana et al.

248

Magnetic ordering in Cu6O8TbCl Probed during the μSR measurement··························································
K. Kawashima et al.

249

Disappearance of gapped Mott insulating phase neighboring Boseglass phase in Tl1–xKxCuCl3 detected bylongitudinal-field muon spin relaxation·························································································
T. Suzuki et al.
Magnetic order in pyrochlore iridate Nd2Ir2O7 probed by employing muon spin relaxation···································
H. Guo et al.
Unconventional spin freezing in a highly two-dimensional spin-1/2 Kagome antiferromagnet Cd2Cu3(OH)6(SO4)2·4H2O:
evidences of partial order and co-existing spin singlet state on distorted Kagome lattice·······························
X.G. Zheng et al.

250
251

252

Muon spin relaxation study of spin-glass freezing in the Heusler compound Ru1.9Fe0.1CrSi···································
M. Hiroi et al.

253

μSR study of heavy fermion superconductor URu2Si2···············································································
I. Kawasaki et al.

254

Magnetic instability induced by Rh doping in the Kondo semiconductor CeRu2Al10···········································
H. Guo et al.

255

μSR study on CeRu2Al10 under pressure·······························································································
H. Guo et al.

256

Muon LCR measurements for organic magnets based on [Pd(dmit)2] metal-complex molecules·····························
M. Abdel Jawad et al.

257

Study on static and dynamic spin-crossover tripyrazolylmethane iron(II) complexes by using μSR spectroscopy·········
N. Kojima et al.

258

Na dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional ionic conductor NaM2O4 (M=Ti and V)···········································
I. Umegaki et al.

259

Lithium-ion diffusion in novel battery materials·····················································································
J. Sugiyama et al.

260

Muon Detection of Spin-Polarized Conduction Electrons Induced by Circularly-Polarized Direct Band Excitation inn-type Si·····························································································································
H.W.K. Tom et al.

261

Response of muonium to oxygen impurities in hemoglobin and other biological aqueous solutions for application to
studies on hypoxia ·················································································································
K. Nagamine et al.

262

Development of room-temperature thermal-muonium-emitting material for ultra-slow muon production··················
S. Okada et al.

263

Precision measurement of muonium hyperfine splitting at J-PARC; development of high-rate positron detector··········
S. Kanda et al.

264

3. Radiochemistry and Nuclear Chemistry
Cross-section measurement of the 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction····································································
M. Murakami et al.

265

Excitation functions for production of Nb and Ta isotopes in the (d,x) reactions on natZr and natHf up to 24 MeV·········
M. Murakami et al.

266

Production cross sections of (d,x) reactions on natural irons·······································································
M.U. Khandaker et al.

267

Deuteron activation cross sections for monitor reactions···········································································
N. Otuka et al.

268

CONTENTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Solvent extraction of tungsten from oxalic acid solution with Aliquat 336 toward chemical studies of seaborgium·······
N. Goto et al.

269

Solvent extraction behavior of 95gNb and 179Ta in HF medium with tributyl phosphate·········································
S. Tsuto et al.

270

Extraction behavior of Nb and Ta with Aliquat 336 in HF solutions······························································
D. Sato et al.

271

Online coprecipitation experiment of 85Zr and 169Hf with Sm hydroxide for chemical study of Rf···························
Y. Kasamatsu et al.

272

Adsorption behavior of Zr and Hf to TTA-resin in microcolumn for determining the forming ability of Rf
monofluoride complex·············································································································
A. Yokoyama et al.

273

Coprecipitation experiment of various elements with Sm hydroxide using multitracer········································
Y. Kasamatsu et al.

274

Development of rapid solvent extraction technique with flow injection analysis for superheavy element chemistry······
T. Koyama et al.

275

Production of 179mW in the form of a carbonyl complex·············································································
M. Huang et al.

276

Recovery of 248Cm material from mixed Cm/Gd target·············································································
M. Murakami and H. Haba

277

Method for preparing ultra-thin sources for low-energy particle spectrometry··················································
H. Kikunaga et al.

278

Production of purified 85Sr solution····································································································
S. Yano et al.

279

4. Radiation Chemistry and Biology
Linear-energy-transfer dependence of polymer gel dosimeters under carbon beam irradiation·······························
T. Maeyama et al.

281

Observation of unrepairable lesions at DNA by using 3-MeV proton microbeams produced by glass capillaries··········
T. Ikeda et al.

282

Effects of trichostatin A on radiosensitivity to high-linear energy transger (LET) radiation in mammalian cells withdefects in DNA repair proteins···································································································
M. Izumi and T. Abe

283

Cell-killing effect of low doses of high-LET heavy-ions (VI)······································································
M. Tomita et al.

284

Development of the mutant isolation system in fruit flies···········································································
K. Tsuneizumi and T. Abe

285

Detection of deletions induced by Fe-ion irradiation in Arabidopsis thaliana using array comparative genomic
hybridization························································································································
Y. Kazama et al.
Exome resequencing reveals mutations in rice induced by heavy-ion beam with LETmax····································
R. Morita et al.
mPingSCAR marker, a powerful tool for genetic analysis of agricultural traits in rice mutants induced using
ion-beam irradiation···············································································································
H. Saito et al.

286
287

288

Identification of mutated sites induced by Ar-ion-beam irradiation in rice·······················································
S. Kogure et al.

289

Relationship between gene expression level and LET immediately after heavy-ion beam irradiation in rice···············
K. Ishii et al.

290

Isolation of early-heading mutants induced by heavy-ion radiation in an Indonesian native rice cultivar···················
T. Sato et al.

291

The wheat plastochron mutant, fushi-darake, produced by heavy-ion beam mutagenesis·····································
K. Murai et al.

292

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

Constructing S-locus deletion mutant in common buckwheat by using heavy-ion-beam irradiation·························
M. Ueno et al.

293

DNA marker analysis revealed that the deletion is relatively small in loss-of-apomixis mutants·····························
M. Takahara et al.

294

Effect of C-ion beam irradiation on survival rates and flower color mutations in statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.)·····
D. Ogawa et al.

295

Flower color mutants of chrysanthemum obtaioned using C-ion beam irradiation··············································
K. Tamaki et al.

296

Effects of heavy-ion-beam irradiation on flower-color mutation in chrysanthemum············································Y. Tanokashira et al.

297

Effect of heavy-ion beam irradiation on seeds reduction of ‘Konta’ kumquat fruit·············································
K. Tomura et al.

298

Rapid evaluation of mutational effects resulting from heavy-ion irradiation of Undaria pinnatifida·························
T. Hirano et al.

299

Effects of heavy-ion beam irradiation on sporophyte survival and growth in Undaria pinnatifida···························
Y. Sato et al.

300

Mutation rates of Parachlorella kessileri by heavy-ion-beam irradiation and classification of their genomic deletion
types··································································································································
T. Yamazaki et al.

301

IV. OPERATION RECORDS
Program Advisory Committee meetings for nuclear physics and for material and life science································
K. Yoneda et al.

303

Beam-time statistics of RIBF experiments····························································································
K. Yoneda et al.

304

Fee-based distribution of radioisotopes································································································
T. Kambara et al.

305

Electric power condition of Wako campus in 2013··················································································
E. Ikezawa et al.

306

Radiation safety management at RIBF································································································
K. Tanaka et al.

307

RILAC operation·························································································································
E. Ikezawa et al.

309

Radiation monitoring in the RIBF using ionization chambers·····································································
M. Nakamura et al.

310

Operations of RIBF ring cyclotrons (RRC, fRC, IRC, and SRC)··································································
R. Koyama et al.

311

Operation of the superconducting ring cyclotron cryogenic system·······························································
H. Okuno et al.

312

Present status of the BigRIPS cryogenic plant························································································
K. Kusaka et al.

313

Present status of liquid-helium supply and recovery system·······································································
T. Dantsuka et al.

314

V. EVENTS
The 7th Nishina School···················································································································
T. Kishida315

VI. ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIES OF RIKEN NISHINA CENTER (Activities and Members)
Organization·······························································································································

317

Finances····································································································································

318

Staffing·····································································································································

319

Management·······························································································································319

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTSInternational Collaboration··············································································································

325

Theoretical Research Division
Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory···························································································

328

Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory························································································

332

Strangeness nuclear physics Laboratory························································································

335

Mathematical Physics Laboratory·······························································································

337

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
Radiation Laboratory··············································································································

340

Advanced Meson Science Laboratory···························································································345

RIKEN-BNL Research Center···································································································

352

Theory Group················································································································

353

Computing Group···········································································································

355

Experimental Group·········································································································357

RIKEN Facility Office at RAL···································································································

361

RIBF Research Division
Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory························································································

363

Spin isospin Laboratory···········································································································

368

Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory·······························································································

372

High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory··························································································

374

Astro-Glaciology Research Unit·································································································

376

Research Group for Superheavy Element······················································································

378

Superheavy Element Production Team···················································································

380

Superheavy Element Device Development Team·······································································

381

Accelerator Group·················································································································

382

Accelerator R&D Team·····································································································

383

Ion Source Team·············································································································

384

RILAC Team·················································································································

385

Cyclotron Team··············································································································

386

Beam Dynamics and Diagnostics Team··················································································

387

Cryogenic Technology Team·······························································································

388

Infrastructure Management Team·························································································

389

Instrumentations Development Group··························································································390

SLOWRI Team··············································································································

391

Rare RI-ring Team···········································································································

394

SCRIT Team·················································································································

396

Research Instruments Group·····································································································

398

BigRIPS Team···············································································································

399

SAMURAI Team············································································································

401

Computing and Network Team····························································································

402

Detector Team················································································································

404

Accelerator Applications Research Group······················································································

405

Radiation Biology Team····································································································406

RI Applications Team·······································································································

409

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CONTENTS

User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group···············································································

412

User Support Office·········································································································

413

Industrial Cooperation Office······························································································

414

Safety Management Group·······································································································

415

Partner Institution·························································································································

417

CNS··································································································································

418

Niigata University··················································································································

421

KEK··································································································································

423

Events (April 2013 - March 2014)·····································································································

425

Awards (April 2013 - March 2014)····································································································

426

Press Releases (April 2013 - March 2014)····························································································

427

VII. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS & PRESENTATIONS·········································································

429

VIII. LIST OF PREPRINTS··············································································································

537

IX. LIST OF SYMPOSIA & WORKSHOPS························································································

541

X. LIST OF SEMINARS···················································································································

543

AUTHOR INDEX ···························································································································

553

I. PREFACEⅠ. PREFACERIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Preface
The RIKEN RI Beam Factory has reached its harvest

The proposal was approved and the first beam time wastime. From its commissioning in 2006 to 2013, 71

already allocated. Somewhat different from our traditional

experiments have been performed with 238U, 124Xe, 86Kr, 70Zn,

style

48

Ca, 18O, 14N, and 4He beams from the Superconducting

experimentalists to form a bigger and tighter collaboration.

Ring Cyclotron (SRC) and the isotope separator BigRIPS.

The Nishina Center appreciates an understanding by all users

The SRC recorded its highest 238U current of 25pnA in 2013,of the necessity of such an approach, and promises its faira performance far beyond that of any other accelerator

operation to the user community.

ofproposal,

the

new

schemerequiresthefacilities in the world. This edition of Accelerator Progress

As we have now reached the stage to reap the harvest ofReport highlights the history of RI delivery at the RIBF in its

the RIBF research, many interesting results are being

gravure pages. While some are yet unpublished, we should

published. In 2013, we issued three press releases on thebe proud that more than 100 new isotopes have been

RIBF experiments, “Discovery of exotic isomers with a

discovered at the RIBF.

magic number”, “Evidence for a new nuclear magic number

Our RI beams attract many users from all over the world.

of 34 --- a key to access a dream region of island-of-stability”,

Following the great success of the EURICA (Euro-Riken

and “Magic numbers’ disappear and expand area of nuclear

Crystal Array) campaign, MINOS, a state-of –the-art setup

deformation”. The Nishina Center thanks and congratulateswith a hydrogen target and a vertex detector, arrived fromall those involved in these experiments, and is convinced that

Saclay, France. A large-scale Time Projection Chamber to be

this trend will continue to grow in the future. It should beinstalled in the SAMURAI spectrometer has recently arrived

noted and appraised that in 2013, prestigious prizes werefrom the USA. Furthermore, other detectors like NeuLand

given to the staffs in our accelerator group for their record-(highly segmented neutron time-of-flight counters frombreaking accelerator operation, especially with the gas

Germany) and BRIKEN (hundreds of neutron counters fromstripper developments.

the USA to surround the target) are to be shipped to the

Unfortunately, JFY2013 did not close peacefully. The STAPRIKEN RIBF.

incident, a serious scientific misconduct that occurred at theTo effectively explore new regions in the nuclear chart

RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology has affectedusing such devices, we have introduced a new scheme of

RIKEN severely. I apologize for any inconveniences you

experimental proposal, Proposal for Scientific Project. With

have had to deal with to in complying with RIKEN’s

this new scheme, experimentalists are asked to propose acountermeasures. If any similar incident ever occurred at theseries of experiments based on common physics interests that

Nishina Center, the Center would cease to exist. We thus

uses the same experimental apparatus and targets not just one

declare that such an incident will never happen in our field.

or two nuclei but a wide region of nuclei.
Under this new scheme, the SEASTAR project

Hideto En'yo
Director,
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science

employing the MINOS and the DALI2 detectors wasestablished to aim for a systematic search of new 2+ energies
in the wide range of the neutron-rich nuclei accessible with
the RIBF's currently available 70Zn and 238U beam intensities.

-1-II. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES I(Nuclear, Particle and Astro-Physics)

1. Nuclear Physics

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Search for isomers in neutron-rich Cs isotopes
A. Yagi,∗1 A. Odahara,∗1 R. Daido,∗1 Y. Fang,∗1 H. Nishibata,∗1 R. Lozeva,∗2 C.-B. Moon,∗3
S. Nishimura,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗4 G. Lorusso,∗4 P.-A. Söderström,∗4 T. Sumikama,∗5 H. Watanabe,∗6
T. Isobe,∗4 H. Baba,∗4 H. Sakurai,∗7,∗4 F. Browne,∗8,∗4 Z. Patel,∗9,∗4 S. Rice,∗9,∗4 L. Sinclair,∗10,∗4
J. Wu,∗11,∗4 Z.Y. Xu,∗7 R. Yokoyama,∗12 T. Kubo,∗4 N. Inabe,∗4 H. Suzuki,∗4 N. Fukuda,∗4
D. Kameda,∗4 H. Takeda,∗4 D.S. Ahn,∗4 D. Murai,∗13 F.L. Bello Garrote,∗14 J.M. Daugas,∗15
F. Didierjean,∗2 E. Ideguchi,∗16 T. Ishigaki,∗1 H.S. Jung,∗17 T. Komatsubara,∗18 Y.K. Kwon,∗18
S. Morimoto,∗1 M. Niikura,∗7,∗4 I. Nishizuka,∗5 T. Shimoda,∗1 and K. Tshoo∗18(TOF), magnetic rigidity (Bρ) and energy loss of thefragments to deduce mass-to-charge ratio (A/Q) andatomic number. The particle identiﬁcation for our Bρ
setting is shown in ref. 3. Figure 1 shows the A/Q
spectrum of the Cs isotopes deduced using the information of Bρ at F5 and F7 as well as TOF between
F3 and F7. The isomers were searched for on the basisof the timing information between the γ ray detectedby EURICA and ion passage in the plastic scintillator just upstream of WAS3ABi. The long ﬂight time
(approximately 650 ns) limited the half lives of longer
than hundreds of nanoseconds.
In this time range, we found new isomers in the nuclei 145 Cs, 146 Cs, 147 Cs, and 148 Cs. As an example, adecay curve of the isomer in 146 Cs is shown in Fig. 2.
The half life and decay scheme obtained in this workfor 144 Cs were consistent with the results reported inref. 4. The decay schemes of newly found isomers in
145−148
Cs have been established. The isomers in oddodd Cs isotopes are caused by the direct low-energy
deexcitation from the isomer, which is eﬀected by the
proton and neutron interaction. In contrast, the decay
pattern of the isomers in the odd-Cs isotopes suggeststhat these isomers are supposed to be K-isomer candidates.
Systematic studies of the isomers in the Cs isotopes
are expected to provide new insights on shape evolution as well as proton-neutron interaction in various
deformed systems. Detailed analysis is in progress.

Neutron-rich nuclei in the northeast region of the
doubly-magic 132 Sn are attracting much attention for
the investigation of shape evolution from spherical(single-particle like) shapes to deformed (collectivelike) prolate shapes as a function of the neutron number. Additionally, a variety of collective modes, suchas the octupole collective mode and so on, is expected
to appear in this mass region. As isomers are eﬃcient
probes of nuclear structure, we performed an isomersearch experiment for the neutron-rich Cs isotopes in
the framework of the EURICA project1) .
The isomers were produced through in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238 U beam. The ﬁssion
fragment separator system of BigRIPS and Zero Degree Spectrometer2) was tuned for neutron-rich Sb, Te,
I, Xe, and Cs isotopes with A=140−150. The isotopes with a rate of approximatelly 50 pps were implanted into a stack of 5 double-sided Si strip detectors (WAS3ABi)1) . The β rays and γ rays emitted
from the stopped isotopes were detected by WAS3ABi
and EURICA, which consists of 12 cluster-type Ge detectors, respectively. Particle identiﬁcation was performed on the basis of the information of time-of-ﬂight
104

Counts103

148 55+Cs
146 55+
Cs 147Cs55+
149 55+Cs
145 55+Cs

145 54+ 146 54+
Cs

Cs

102

150 55+Cs

147 54+

Cs

151 55+Cs
Cs

148 54+

101
100
2.64

2.66

2.68

A/Q

2.70

2.72

2.74

CountsFig. 1. A/Q spectrum of neutron-rich Cs isotopes.
∗1

Department of Physics, Osaka University
IPHC/CNRS and University of Strasbourg∗3 Department of Display Engineering, Hoseo University∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗6 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗7 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗8 CEM, University of Brighton∗9 Department of Physics, University of Surry∗10 Department of Physics, University of York∗11 Department of Physics, Peking University∗12 CNS, University of Tokyo∗13 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗14 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗15 CEA/DAM∗16 RCNP, Osaka University∗17 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame
∗18 IBS∗2

Time difference between EURICA andplastic scintillator [25ns/channel]

Fig. 2. Decay curve of the newly found isomer in 146 Cs.

References
1) S. Nishimura et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012(2012) 03C006.
2) T. Kubo et al., Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012 (2012)
03C003.
3) R. Lozeva et al., in this report.
4) T. Rzaca-Urban et al., Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 064317.

-3-

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Decay spectroscopy in the neutron-rich A∼140 region beyond the
doubly-magic 132Sn
R. Lozeva,∗1 A. Odahara,∗2 C.-B. Moon,∗3 S. Nishimura,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗4 G. Lorusso,∗4 P.A. Söderström,∗4
T. Sumikama,∗5 H. Watanabe,∗6 T. Isobe,∗4 H. Baba,∗4 H. Sakurai,∗7,∗4 F. Browne,∗8,∗4 R. Daido,∗2 Y. Fang,∗2
Z. Patel,∗9,∗4 S. Rice,∗9,∗4 L. Sinclair,10∗,4 J. Wu,∗11,∗4 Z.Y. Xu,∗7∗ A. Yagi,∗2 R. Yokoyama,∗12 T. Kubo,∗4
N. Inabe,∗4 H. Suzuki,∗4 N. Fukuda,∗4 D. Kameda,∗4 H. Takeda,∗4 D.S. Ahn,∗4 D. Murai,∗13
F.L. Bello Garrote,∗14 J.-M. Daugas,∗15 F. Didierjean,∗1 E. Ideguchi,∗16 T. Ishigaki,∗2 H.S. Jung,∗17
T. Komatsubara,∗18 Y.K. Kwon,∗18 S. Morimoto,∗2 M. Niikura,∗7 H. Nishibata,∗2 I. Nishizuka,∗5 T. Shimoda∗2
and K. Tshoo∗18
An isomer and β-decay experiment was performedin the framework of the EURICA project at RIBF1,2)
aiming at detailed decay spectroscopy and systematical study of the nuclear shape in one of the mostinteresting, and yet unexplored regions of the nuclear chart, the one beyond the doubly-magic 132 Sn.
For these nuclei, we may expect gradual change fromspherical shape with predominantly single-particle-likestructures, to a more deformed, prolate shape withcollective-type of excitations, while with the increaseof the neutron-number also octupole collectivity may
develop. Furthermore, the perturbed shell structure ofthese nuclei by e.g. sub-shell gaps or intruder highj orbitals may also cause isomeric states, picturing inturn these exotic systems far off stability.
The experiment was performed using in-flight 238 U
fission at 345 MeV/u on Be target with a thickness of
2.9 mm. The beam intensity was between 1-5 pnA. The
nuclei of interest were transported and selected by BigRIPS and implanted in the active stopper, WAS3ABi,
consisting of five Si DSSD detectors1) . Twelve Ge
Cluster detectors and eighteen LaBr3 (Ce) detectors3) ,constituting the EURICA 4π array surrounding the
stopper, detected the isomeric- or β-delayed γ-rays.
The experimentally obtained particle identification isshown in Fig. 1, where a line indicates the nuclei beyond which no half-lives are known according to4) . Our
preliminary data analysis of known half-lives for e.g.
138,139
Sb nuclei show a very good agreement with the
ISOLDE measurement 5) , providing an important in-

Fig. 1. Particle identification of the exotic nuclear cocktail.

put to the nucleosynthesis data around the A = 130
solar-system r-process abundance peak.
Although the analysis is still in progress, our preliminary results show also several isomeric states before
and after a β-decay in e.g. in Sb and I nuclei. Isomers
are found also in the very neutron-rich Cs isotopes6) .
In addition, first excited states e.g. in the produced
even-even nuclei with the neutron increase will provide new and vital information for the shell structure
and the shape evolution in this region along with thedetailed studies of the other exotic isotopes populated
in the experiment.
References
1) S. Nishimura et al: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, L182
(2013).
2) P.-A. Söderström et al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B
317, 649 (2013).
3) Z. Patel et al: in this report.
4) G. Audi et al: Chi. Phys. C 36, 1157 (2012).
5) O. Arndt et al: Phys. Rev. C 84, 061307(R) (2011).
6) A. Yagi et al: in this report.

∗1

IPHC/CNRS and University of Strasbourg
Department of Physics, Osaka University∗3 Department of Physics, Hoseo University∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗6 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗7 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗8 CEM, University of Brighton∗9 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗10 Department of Physics, University of York∗11 Department of Physics, Peking University∗12 CNS, University of Tokyo∗13 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗14 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗15 CEA/DAM∗16 RCNP, Osaka University∗17 Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame
∗18 IBS∗2-4-

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Lifetime measurements of excited states in 102, 104 Zr with a
LaBr3 (Ce) array
F. Browne,∗1,∗3 A. M. Bruce,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗3 G. Lorusso,∗3 Z. Patel,∗3,∗4
S. Rice,∗3,∗4 L. Sinclair,∗3,∗5 P.-A. Söderström,∗3 H. Watanabe,∗3,∗6 J. Wu,∗3,∗7 Z. Y. Xu,∗8 H. Baba,∗3
N. Chiga,∗2 R. Carroll,∗4 R. Daido,∗10 F. Didierjean,∗11 Y. Fang,∗10 N. Fukuda,∗3 G. Gey,∗12,∗19,∗3
E. Ideguchi,∗10 N. Inabe,∗3 T. Isobe,∗3 D. Kameda,∗3 I. Kojouharov,∗13 N. Kurz,∗13 T. Kubo,∗3 S. Lalkovski,∗14
Z. Li,∗7 R. Lozeva,∗11 I. Nishizuka,∗2 H. Nishibata,∗10 A. Odahara,∗10 Zs. Podolyák,∗4 P. H. Regan,∗4
O. J. Roberts,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗3 H. Schaffner,∗13 G. S. Simpson,∗12 H. Suzuki,∗3 H. Takeda,∗3 M. Tanaka∗10
J. Taprogge,∗15,∗16,∗3 V. Werner,∗17 O. Wieland,∗18 and A. Yagi∗10Developments of novel scintillator materials haveoffered a step-change in performance characteristics
of scintillation detectors for γ ray measurements.
In particular, cerium-doped lanthanum tri-bromide(LaBr3 (Ce)) has proven to be a promising candidate
for measuring lifetimes of low-lying excited nuclear
states in the ps-to-ns range. Such information is a
powerful tool in extracting, for example, nuclear deformations.
An array of 18 LaBr3 (Ce) detectors was installed at
the F11 focal plane of the BigRIPS spectrometer, augmenting the existing EURICA array1)2) . In order toexamine the performance of the LaBr3 (Ce) array, the102, 104
Zr were meaknown lifetimes of the 2+
1 states insured by means of β-γ spectroscopy. The parent nuclei
were produced by the in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/A238
U beam on a 555 mg/cm3 thick 9 Be target. The fission fragments were transported through BigRIPS andthe ZeroDegree spectrometer before being implanted
into the WAS3ABi active stopper (5 highly segmented
DSSSDs), which lies between two plastic scintillators(β-plastics). To correlate a β-decay event with an implanted ion, a signal in the same DSSSD pixel to theimplant was required. A time condition was placed on
the ion implantation to β-decay time to reduce contamination from granddaughter decays.
The level lifetime was obtained by measuring thetime difference between the β-plastic, and a signal inCounts per 400 ps

Counts per 400 ps

the LaBr3 (Ce) array. A systematic uncertainty of 10%
was added to the measured 2+
1 lifetimes to account for
the lifetimes of higher-lying levels. This was estimated+from the time difference spectra for the 4+
1 → 21 transitions. Figure 1 shows preliminary results of the background subtracted time difference spectra gated on the+2+
1 → 0g.s. transitions, the energies of which are given
in Tab. 1 along with the mean lifetime of the levels,
which are in good agreement with literature values3) .
The energy systematics indicate increased collectivity as N increases, however, the dependence of thetransition probability on Eγ results in a longer lifetime104
Zr than for 102 Zr. Future workfor the 2+
1 state inwill concentrate on a more complete characterisation of
the low-energy background, the prompt-response function and the contribution of systematic uncertainties.
The lifetimes of the 2+
1 states of more exotic Zr isotopes
will also be measured.
a)102Zr

10b)104Zr

10

10

1

1

110

-1

10-2

10-1
-2 -500∗1

CEM, University of Brighton
Department of Physics, Tohuku University∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗5 Department of Physics, University of York
∗6 Beihang University∗7 Department of Physics, Peking University∗8 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗10 RCNP, Osaka University∗11 IPHC/CNRS and University of Strasbourg∗12 LPSC, UJF-INPG-IN2P3, Grenoble∗13 GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH
∗14 Department of Physics, Sofia University∗15 Departamento de Fı́sica Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid∗16 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia∗17 Institut fuer Kernphysik, Technische Universitaet Darmstadt∗18 INFN Sezione di Milano∗19 NPP, ILL, Grenoble

2

4

6
8
-45

10 12-4014
Time (ns)

-2
-35 0

2

4 -3068

10 -2512 14Time (ns)Fig. 1.: Preliminary, background subtracted time difference spectra for, a) 102 Zr and b) 104 Zr. The extracted mean lifetimes of the 2+
1 states are listed below.

∗2

Table 1.: Comparison between τ values derived in thiswork and adopted values3) .
Nuclide
102
Zr
104
Zr

E(2+
1 ) [keV]
151.8(1)139.3(3)τ [ns]
2.7(3)
3.2(3)

ENSDF τ [ns]2.6(6)
2.9(4)

References
1) P.-A. Söderström et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317,
649 (2013).
2) Z. Patel et al.: In this report.
3) Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File, http://www.nndc.
bnl.gov/ensdf-5-Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Progress of study of β-decay of neutron-rich nuclei with Z ∼ 60
J. Wu,∗1,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗1 G. Lorusso,∗1 Z.Y. Xu,∗3 H. Baba,∗1 F. Browne,∗1,∗4 R. Daido,∗5 P. Doornenbal,∗1
Y.F. Fang,∗5 E. Ideguchi,∗6 T. Isobe,∗1 Z. Li,∗2 A. Odahara,∗5 Z. Patel,∗1,∗7 S. Rice,∗1,∗7 G. Simpson,∗8
L. Sinclair,∗1,∗9 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗10 H. Watanabe,∗11 A. Yagi,∗5 R. Yokoyama,∗12 N. Aoi,∗6
F.L. Bello Garrote,∗13 G. Benzoni,∗14 G. Gey,∗7 A. Gottardo,∗15 G.D. Kim,∗16 Y.K. Kim,∗16 K. Kobayashi,∗17
I. Kojouharov,∗18 N. Kurz,∗18 H. Nishibata,∗5 H. Sakurai,∗1 H. Schaffner,∗18 M. Tanaka,∗6 J. Taprogge,∗19
T. Yamamoto∗5 and the EURICA collaboration
Approximately half of the elements heavier than ironare formed by the rapid neutron-capture process (rprocess). In the solar r-process abundance distribution, the region of rare-earth elements forms a peakaround A = 160, which may have a different mechanism of formation compared with the other two distinct
peaks at A = 130 and A = 195 relating to neutronclosed shells at N = 82 and N = 126, respectively1) .
β-decay half-lives of the elements always play an important role at both the cold and hot r-process paths
and will be expected to constrain the conditions in understanding the r-process nucleosynthesis.
To study the rare-earth peak, a β-decay experimentwith Z ∼ 60 was performed at the RIBF facility inJune 2013. This experiment was carried out using
the in-flight fission of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238 U beamcolliding with a Be target. The secondary beam, including a cocktail of highly neutron-rich isotopes, was
implanted in the β-decay counting system WAS3ABi
2)(Wide-range Active Silicon-Strip Stopper Array for
Beta and ion detection), which consists of a stack offive highly segmented DSSSDs (Double-Sided Silicon
Strip Detectors). With the help of the high-purity
germanium detectors (EURICA)3) , γ rays with a highproduction rate emitted from implanted radioactive
isotopes or the daughters nuclei fed through the β decay can be measured. The β-decay half-lives could
be determined by fitting the distribution of the timedifference between the implantations in the WAS3ABi
and the following β-decay events.
In this experiment, approximately 35 half-lives were
measured, including approximately 25 new half-lives.

Counts/50 ms

Counts/50 ms

Figure 1 displays some preliminary results of four decay curves obtained in this experiment. Daughter halflives, granddaughter half-lives, as well as the constantbackground are taken into account by using the Likelihood fitting method. The β-decay half-lives can also
be obtained by using β-delayed γ rays detected by the
EURICA detector, which can eliminate the uncertainties from the daughter and granddaughter half-lives.
Figure 2 shows the β-decay curve of 149 La gated the
β-delayed γ rays.
104

102

149

103

Ba

149

La

10

102

1
2

4

6

8

10
Time(S)

5

152

102

10

15

10

Ce

10

20
Time(s)154

Counts/50 ms

Counts/50 ms

103

Pr

1

1
5

10

15

20
Time(S)

5

10

15

20
Time(S)Counts/200 ms

Fig. 1. Decay curves of four kinds of isotopes (149 Ba,149 La,
152
Ce, 154 Pr) are displayed. The red lines correspond toparent nuclei. The blue curves, black curves, and green
lines correspond to the daughter nuclei, granddaughter
nuclei, and a constant background.

10

1
1

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Peking University∗3 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗4 University of Brighton∗5 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗6 Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗7 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗8 LPSC, France∗9 Department of Physics, University of York
∗10 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗11 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗12 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗13 University of Oslo
∗14 INFN,Milano∗15 INFN,Legnaro∗16 IBS∗17 Rikkyo University∗18 GSI∗19 Instituto de Estructura dela Materia
∗2

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9 10
Time(S)149

La decay curve obtained gating on the β-delayed
Fig. 2.
γ-ray energy with 245.4keV.

In the latter phases of analysis, further new half-lives
will be obtained. Simulation work of r-process will be
performed by comparing the theoretical calculations
with our experimental results.
References
1) Matthew R. Mumpower et al, Phys. Rev. C 85, 045801(2012).
2) S.Nishimura, G.Lorusso, Z.Xu et al., RIKEN Accel.
Prog. Rep. 46, 182 (2013).
3) P.-A. Söderström et al.: JPS Conf. Proc. 1, 013046(2014).

-6-1

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of the superallowed β-decay of 100 Sn
D. Lubos,∗1,∗2 M. Lewitowicz,∗3 R. Gernhäuser,∗1 R. Krücken,∗4 S. Nishimura,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗5 H. Baba,∗2
B. Blank,∗6 A. Blazhev,∗7 P. Boutachkov,∗8 F. Browne,∗9,∗2 I. Celikovic,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗2 T. Faestermann,∗1
Y. Fang,∗10,∗2 G. de France,∗3 N. Goel,∗8 M. Gorska,∗8 S. Ilieva,∗11 T. Isobe,∗2 A. Jungclaus,∗12 G. D. Kim,∗13
Y.-K. Kim,∗13 I. Kojouharov,∗8 M. Kowalska,∗14 N. Kurz,∗8 Z. Li,∗15 G. Lorusso,∗2 K. Moschner,∗7
I. Nishizuka,∗16,∗2 J. Park,∗4 Z. Patel,∗17,∗2 M. M. Rajabali,∗4 S. Rice,∗17,∗2 H. Schaffner,∗8 L. Sinclair,∗18,∗2
P.-A. Söderström,∗2 K. Steiger,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗16 H. Watanabe,∗19 Z. Wang,∗4 J. Wu,∗12,∗2 and Z. Y. Xu∗5,∗2

Proton Number Z

An experiment for studying the superallowed
Gamow-Teller decay of the doubly magic nucleus 100 Sn
was performed in June 2013 at the high-resolution separator BigRIPS of the RIBF at the RIKEN Nishina
Center. The β-decay of a g9/2 -proton in 100 Sn toa g7/2 -neutron in 100 In shows the smallest log(ft) =+0.13
value in the nuclear chart. The Gamow2.62−0.11+2.6, as deduced from theTeller strength BGT = 9.1−3.0
1)last experiment at GSI . This value is consistent
with the results of BGT calculations as derived fromLSSM calculations. However, the uncertainties in theextracted BGT are still dominated by statistics. In
particular, the contribution of the β-decay end-point
energy Eβ,max amounts to 85% of the BGT uncertainty.
In the present experiment, a 4 mm Be target was bombarded with a 124 Xe beam of 345 MeV/u at intensities
up to 36.4 pnA to produce 100 Sn by fragmentation. In
total, 2525 100 Sn ions (Fig. 1) were identified during 8.5
days of beamtime. This exceeds the number obtainedin the previous experiment at GSI1) by nearly a factorof 10, and the uncertainties in BGT are expected to
be improved by more than a factor of 2. Furthermore,
a number of nuclides towards the proton dripline havebeen newly identified (see Čeliković et al.2) ) and significantly higher statistics for N=Z and N=Z-1 isotopes
have been obtained.
In order to observe β- and γ-decays, 100 Sn and mostof the neighboring nuclei (see Fig. 1) were implanted
into the WAS3ABi detector, which is a closed stackconsisting of three highly segmented silicon detectorsof 1 mm thickness each surrounded by 84 Ge- and18 LaBr-detectors of the 4π-γ-spectrometer EURICA.
This WAS3ABi detector array is expanded by a stackof 10 silicon detectors of the same thickness in order

51

Sn100

104

50
49

103

48
102

47
46

10
45
44

1.95

2

2.05

2.1

2.15

2.2
A/Q ratio

1

Fig. 1. figure
PID plot in the region of 100 Sn. The total number of identified 100 Sn nuclei is 2525 (red encircled region).

to measure the total energy of the decay positrons accurately. Since Eβ,max = 3.29 ± 0.20 MeV is rather
small1) , the decay positrons are stopped in the silicon
stack, enabling a high-precision measurement in order to determine Eβ,max . We find correlated β-decays
by considering decay events occurring within a time
window tc and active detector volume around the implantation. Thus, we can determine the half-lives ofβ-decays. From β-delayed γ-decays, using the largest
data sample on 100 Sn, we will be able to distinguishbetween two scenarios for the β-delayed γ-cascades toconfirm a dominantly populated 1+ state in 100 In afterβ-decay. Furthermore, we are looking for a 6+ isomericstate in 100 Sn, as predicted by Grawe et al.3) based on
LSSM calculations.
After a preliminary energy calibration of the WAS3ABi
detectors, one of the most challenging tasks is to determine systematic uncertainties in the β-decay endpoint energy Eβ,max and β-half-life T1/2 . A small(systematic) error in these quantities affects the BGT ,resulting in a large relative uncertainty. Since 100 Sn
has a long half-life, the background contribution on
this measurement is also studied in detail to minimize
these systematic uncertainties.
First results indicate a good agreement withknown values1) of both quantities T1/2 (100 Sn) andEβ,max (100 Sn).

Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 GANIL∗4 TRIUMF∗5 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗6 CENBG∗7 Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln∗8 GSI Darmstadt∗9 School of Comp., Eng. and Maths., Brighton University∗10 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗11 Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt∗12 IES CSIS
∗13 Institute for Basic Science∗14 CERN∗15 School of Physics, Peking University∗16 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗17 Department of Physics, Surrey University∗18 Department of Physics, University of York
∗19 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗1∗2

References
1) C. Hinke et al., Nature, 486, 341 (2012)2) I. Čeliković et al., RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep., this volume3) H. Grawe et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 27, s01, 257 (2006)-7-

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Decay spectroscopy around 78 N i with the EURICA setup
G. Benzoni,∗1 H. Watanabe,∗2,∗3 D. Sohler,∗4 E. Sahin,∗5 G. de Angelis,∗6 S. Nishimura,∗2 G. Lorusso,∗2
T. Sumikama,∗7 P. Doornenbal,∗2 Z.Y. Xu,∗8 T. Isobe,∗2 P.A. Söderström,∗2 F. Browne,∗9 J. Wu,∗2,∗10
H. Baba,∗2 Z. Patel,∗11 S. Rice,∗11 L. Sinclair,∗12 R. Yokoyama,∗13 R. Daido,∗14 Y. Fang,∗14 M. Niikura,∗8
R. Avigo,∗1,∗15 F.L. Bello Garrote,∗5 N. Blasi,∗1 S. Ceruti,∗1,∗15 F.C.L. Crespi,∗1,∗15 M.-C. Delattre,∗16
Zs. Dombradi,∗4 A. Gottardo,∗6 I. Kuti,∗4 K. Matsui,∗8 B. Melon,∗17 D. Mengoni,∗18 T. Miyazaki,∗8
V. Modamio-Hoybjor,∗6 S. Momiyama,∗8 A.I. Morales,∗1,∗15 D. Napoli,∗6 R. Orlandi,∗19 H. Sakurai,∗2,∗8
R. Taniuchi,∗8 J. Taprogge,∗20,∗21 Zs. Vajta,∗4 J.J. Valiente-Dobòn,∗6 O. Wieland,∗1 A. Yagi,∗14
M. Yalcinkaya∗22
Exotic nuclei play an important role in nuclear shellstructure studies since they allow to search for possible modiﬁcations of magic numbers with increasing
N/Z ratio. The tensor force, one of the non-centralcomponents of the eﬀective nucleon-nucleon interaction, is expected to modify the relative single particle
energies owing to an increased attraction for orbitals
with anti-parallel spin conﬁguration and a repulsion
for orbitals with parallel spin conﬁguration. In suchcontest, nuclei at Z=28, N=50 shell gaps are particularly interesting since they are good candidates toreveal changes into the shell structure. Astrophysicalimplications also involve the discussion on neutron-richnuclei, since they are expected to dominate the nuclear
composition throughout the collapse of massive stars.
In this view an experiment aiming at studying decay spectroscopy in the region close to 78 Ni, i.e. in theisotopic chains of Cu, Ni, Co and Fe, was performed at
RIKEN in May 2013 as part of the EURICA campaign
at the Radioactive-Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) facility.
The wanted species were produced by means of inﬂight ﬁssion of a 238 U beam at a bombarding energy of
345 MeV/u. The resulting fragments were separated
in the BigRIPS separator, by the use of degraders at
the intermediate dispersive foci1) . The cocktail beam
was transported in the ZeroDegree spectrometer down

Fig. 1. PID plot of the cocktail beam implanted in the
WAS3ABi array.

to the ﬁnal focal plane F11. The beam was thenslowed down in an Al degrader to ensure the implantation of the wanted species in the 5 silicon detectorsof the WAS3ABi array2) . This silicon array was surrounded by the EURICA spectrometer consisting of
12 EUROBALL cluster detectors3) . LaBr3 scintillator
detectors were also mounted in clusters to allow fasttiming measurements. The experiment collected data
for an equivalent time of 3 days with an average primary beam intensity of 10pnA. The total count rate
at the ﬁnal focal plane F11 was limited to 100pps toensure ion-β correlations. In Figure 1 a particle identiﬁcation (PID) plot is shown. The plot does not include
the full statistics of the experiment. The Bρ setting of
the separator was set in order to transport 71 Fe in its
central trajectory.
The study of isomeric γ transitions and β-delayedtransitions in the populated nuclei is ongoing. The
same reaction was also exploited to perform Coulomb
excitation reaction to study the ﬁrst excited states in
73−75
Ni isotopes4) .

∗1

INFN
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Beihang University∗4 MTA Atomki∗5 University of Oslo
∗6 LNL-INFN∗7 Tohoku University∗8 University of Tokyo∗9 University of Brighton∗10 Peking University∗11 University of Surrey∗12 York University∗13 CNS, University of Tokyo∗14 Osaka University∗15 Universitá degli Studi di Milano∗16 IPNO Orsay∗17 INFN sezione di Firenze∗18 Universitá degli Studi di Padova∗19 Instituut voor Kern- en StralingsFysica/K.U. Leuven∗20 Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas∗21 Universidad Autnoma de Madrid∗22 University of Instambul∗2

References
1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B204,
97 (2003).
2) S. Nishimura: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 03C006(2012).
3) P.-A. Söderström et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317,
649 (2013).
4) A. Gottardo, this report.

-8-Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Structure of neutron-rich Zr and Mo isotopes
T. Sumikama,∗1,∗3 F. Browne,∗2,∗3 A. M. Bruce,∗2 I. Nishizuka,∗1,∗3 S. Nishimura,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗3
G. Lorusso,∗3 Z. Patel,∗3,∗4 S. Rice,∗3,∗4 L. Sinclair,∗3,∗5 P.-A. Söderström,∗3 H. Watanabe,∗3,∗6 J. Wu,∗3,∗7
Z. Y. Xu,∗3,∗8 A. Yagi,∗3,∗9 H. Baba,∗3 N. Chiga,∗1 R. Carroll,∗4 R. Daido,∗3,∗9 F. Didierjean,∗10 Y. Fang,∗3,∗9
G. Gey,∗3,∗11,∗12 E. Ideguchi,∗13 N. Inabe,∗3 T. Isobe,∗3 D. Kameda,∗3 I. Kojouharov,∗14 N. Kurz,∗14 T. Kubo,∗3
S. Lalkovski,∗15 Z. Li,∗7 R. Lozeva,∗10 N. Fukuda,∗3 H. Nishibata,∗3,∗9 A. Odahara,∗9 Zs. Podolyàk,∗4
P. H. Regan,∗4 O. J. Roberts,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗3,∗8 H. Schaffner,∗14 G. S. Simpson,∗11 H. Suzuki,∗3 H. Takeda,∗3
M. Tanaka,∗3,∗13 J. Taprogge,∗3,∗16,∗17 V. Werner,∗18 and O. Wieland∗19
Neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of 110 Zr haveattracted much attention, because a shape transition
to oblate or triaxial and a tetrahedral-shape isomer
may be observed.1) The decay spectroscopy of the Zr
and Mo isotopes was performed at RIBF at RIKEN
Nishina Center to extend the previous experiment1)
to more neutron-rich region. The neutron-rich nuclei
were produced by the in-flight-fission reaction of 238 U
beam at 345 MeV/u in a 3-mm-thick Be target, andimplanted into the double-sided silicon-strip detectors(WAS3ABi), which were placed at the center of thehigh-purity-germanium detector array (EURICA).2) A
fast-timing LaBr3 (Ce) array was combined with EURICA for a half-life measurement of excited states.
Figure 1 shows the particle-identification (PID) plotof the radioactive-isotope (RI) beam separated by the
BigRIPS separator. The β-γ spectroscopy of 102,104 Y,
and 106 Nb was performed individually by using a highpurity-beam setting. Figure 2 shows the PID spectrumof 102 Y setting. The purity of 102 Y was 46%. A preliminary result of the half-life measurement for 102,104 Zr
using the fast timing array is given in another report.3)
The beam setting shown in Fig. 3 is used to search for
an isomeric state in 110 Mo using a passive Cu stopper.
Further analysis is in progress.

44

Z

42
40
38
36

2.65

2.7

A/ Q

2.75

2.8

Fig. 1. PID plot of the atomic number Z and the mass
to charge ratio A/Q. A wider and more-neutron-richregion than Figs. 2 and 3 was selected by the BigRIPS
separator.
41
40

Z

39
38
102

37
36

Y

2.55

2.6

2.65

A/ Q

2.7

2.75

Fig. 2. PID plot of a high-purity-beam setting for the spectroscopic study of β decay from 102 Y.
44∗1

Department of Physics, Tohoku University
School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, University of Brighton∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗5 Department of Physics, University of York∗6 School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, Beihang University∗7 Department of Physics, Peking University∗8 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗9 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗10 IPHC/CNRS and University of Strasbourg∗11 LPSC, Universitè Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗12 ILL, Grenoble∗13 RCNP, Osaka University∗14 GSI∗15 Department of Physics, Sofia University∗16 Departamento de Fı́sica Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid∗17 Institutode Estructura de la Materia∗18 Department of Physics, Yale University∗19 INFN Sezione di Mirano

110

∗2

Mo

Z

42

40

38

2.6

2.65

A/ Q

2.7

2.75

Fig. 3. PID plot of a high-purity-beam setting to search for
an isomeric state in 110 Mo.

References
1) T. Sumikama et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 202501 (2011).
2) S. Nishimura: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012 03C006.
3) F. Browne et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47, (2014).

-9-

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Search for K-isomers in neutron-rich Z≈60 isotopes
E. Ideguchi,∗1 G. Simpson,∗2 R. Yokoyama,∗3 Mn. Tanaka,∗1 S. Nishimura,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗4
P.-A. Söderström,∗4 G. Lorusso,∗4 Z. Xu,∗5 J. Wu,∗4,∗6 T. Sumikama,∗7 N. Aoi,∗1 H. Baba,∗4 F. Bello,∗8
F. Browne,∗4,∗9 R. Daido,∗10 Y. Fang,∗10 N. Fukuda,∗4 G. Gey,∗2,∗4,∗11 S. Go,∗3,4 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Isobe,∗4
D. Kameda,∗4 K. Kobayashi,∗12 M. Kobayashi,∗3 T. Komatsubara,∗13 T. Kubo,∗4 I. Kuti,∗14 Z. Li,∗6
M. Matsushita,∗3 S. Michimasa,∗3 C.-B. Moon,∗15 H. Nishibata,∗10 I. Nishizuka,∗7 A. Odahara,∗10 Z. Patel,∗4,∗16
S. Rice,∗4,∗16 E. Sahin,∗8 L. Sinclair,∗4,∗17 H. Suzuki,∗4 H. Takeda,∗4 J. Taprogge,∗18,∗19 Zs. Vajta,∗14
H. Watanabe,∗20 and A. Yagi∗10
isomers in neutron-rich Nd isotopes, and the development of quadruple and hexadecupole deformations
as a function of neutron numbers will be investigated.
In addition, we have also found several more new microsecond isomeric states in this region4) . These data
are currently being analyzed.
In the Ba setting run, RI beams of 149−151 Ba,
151−153
La, and 154,155 Ce were mainly collected, as
shown in Fig. 2. The isotopes were stopped at theactive stopper, WAS3ABi,5) and beta-gamma spectroscopy of these isotopes was performed using the
EURICA setup. All the isotopes indicated above are
newly studied with the aim of systematic investigationof octupole correlations, a study that has not been possible so far. Detailed analyses are underway.

The neutron-rich A∼150 region contains a wide variety of shape phenomena, including shape coexistence
and possible static octupole and hexadecapole deformations. Although quadrupole deformation has been
extensively examined across most of the nuclear chart,
both octupole and hexadecupole deformations remainmuch less well studied in comparison. These higherorder deformations can have a strong inﬂuence on
gamma-decay rates and the quasi-particle energies ofnuclei, and hence, their detailed studies are necessary
to test the various diﬀering predictions of several nuclear models. We have performed an experiment tosearch for µs isomers in the neutron-rich A= 150 ∼160
Nd, Ce, Ba nuclei and to study their β-decay, in order
to examine octupole and hexadecupole deformationsin this region. These studies have become possible
for the ﬁrst time using the world’s highest intensity
in-ﬂight RI beams available at RIBF with the higheﬃciecy gamma spectrometer, EURICA1) .
To study the excited levels of these A = 150 ∼ 160
isotopes, we have performed isomer and beta-gamma
spectroscopy using EURICA in two diﬀerent RI beamsettings. One setting involves focusing on the Nd region and the other, on the Ba region.
During the experiment for the Nd setting (seeFig. 1), a previously reported isomer in 156 Nd2) was
conﬁrmed and a new isomer in 158 Nd was identiﬁed. We also succeeded to ﬁnd some more isomers
in neutron-rich Nd isotopes up to 160 Nd3) . These ﬁndings will allow us to study the systematic analysis of61

Nd Setting PID

60.5

Z

60

157

Nd

158

Nd

159

Nd

160

10

Nd

1

59.5
59

155

Pr

156

Pr

157

Pr

-1

10

58.5
58
2.6

2.61

2.62

2.63

2.64

2.65

2.66

2.67

2.68

A/Q

Fig. 1. Particle identification (A/Q vs Z) plot for the Ndsetting run.
59

Ba Setting PID

58.5
58

∗1

Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗2 LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗3 Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗6 Peking University∗7 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗8 University of Oslo
∗9 The University of Brighton∗10 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗11 ILL∗12 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗13 University of Tsukuba∗14 MTA Atomki∗15 Hoseo University∗16 The University of Surrey∗17 University of York∗18 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
∗19 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid∗20 Beihang University

154

Z

57.5
57

Ce

155

102

Ce
10

151

56.5
56

152

La
149

La

153

Ba

150

La

Ba

151

1

Ba

55.5
55
2.63

2.64

2.65

2.66

2.67

2.68

2.69

2.7

A/Q

Fig. 2. Particle identification plot for the Ba setting run.

References
1) S. Nishimura: Nucl. Phys. News 22, No. 3 (2012).
2) S. G. Simpson et al.: Phys Rev. C 80, 024304(2009).
3) Mn. Tanaka et al., in this report.
4) R. Yokoyama et al., in this report.
5) S.Nishimura, G.Lorusso, Z.Xu et al.: RIKEN Accel.
Prog. Rep. 46, 182 (2013).

- 10 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Isomer study on neutron-rich Pm isotopes using EURICA at RIBF
R. Yokoyama,∗1 E. Ideguchi,∗2 G. Simpson,∗3 Mn. Tanaka,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗4
P.-A. Söderström,∗4 G. Lorusso,∗4 Z. Y. Xu,∗5 J. Wu,∗4,∗6 T. Sumikama,∗7 N. Aoi,∗2 H. Baba,∗4 F. Bello,∗8
F. Browne,∗9,∗4 R. Daido,∗10 Y. Fang,∗10 N. Fukuda,∗4 G. Gey,∗3,∗4,∗11 S. Go,∗1,∗4 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Isobe,∗4
D. Kameda,∗4 K. Kobayashi,∗12 M. Kobayashi,∗1 T. Komatsubara,∗13 T. Kubo,∗4 I. Kuti,∗14 Z. Li,∗6
M. Matsushita,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 C.-B. Moon,∗15 H. Nishibata,∗10 I. Nishizuka,∗7 A. Odahara,∗10 Z. Patel,∗16,∗4
S. Rice,∗16,∗4 E. Sahin,∗11 L. Sinclair,∗17,∗4 H. Suzuki,∗4 H. Takeda, ∗4 J. Taprogge,∗18,∗19 Zs. Vajta,∗14
H. Watanabe∗20 and A. Yagi∗10
It has been known that large prolate deformation
develops in neutron-rich Z ∼ 60 nuclei. This can beseen from the systematics of excitation energies of theﬁrst 2+ states of even-even Z = 55 to 66 nuclei asshown in FIG.1 of ref1) . In this deformed region, many
K-isomers with micro second half-lives have been discovered. For example, K π = 4− isomers are systematically observed in Z = 62 to 68, N = 100 isotones2,3) .
It is interesting to investigate whether the same kindof isomers exist in lower Z isotones, as this information will be helpful in understanding the deformed shellstructure of such highly neutron-rich nuclei.
We performed isomer and β-γ spectroscopy on
neutron-rich Z = 56 to 61 isotopes at RIBF. The
neutron-rich isotopes were produced using in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345MeV/nucleon 238 U beam. Fission fragments were identiﬁed by measuring the time-of-ﬂight(TOF) and magnetic rigidity (Bρ) in the second stageof BigRIPS and by measuring the energy loss (∆E) by
the ion chamber at the ﬁnal focal plane, F11. The measurement was conducted in two diﬀerent setups. In one
setup, the beam was implanted into an active stopper,
WAS3ABi4) which consists of ﬁve layers of DoubleSided-Silicon-Strip Detectors (DSSSDs) with 40 × 60
strips, in order to obtain β-γ and isomer data at thesame time. In this setup, the total implantation rate
was limited up to ∼100 cps. In the other setup, a copper stopper was introduced instead of the DSSSD toaccept a wide range of nuclides with a high total rate,

Fig. 1. Preliminary γ-ray energy spectra of 158 Pm, 159 Pm
and 161 Pm. The time windows of 158 Pm is up to 16µs
and that of 159 Pm and 161 Pm are up to 5µs. Events
close to the timing of the beam implantation are excluded. Half-lives of 159 Pm and 161 Pm are obtained
from the 330 and 728keV γ ray respectively.

in order to optimize the isomer search. The γ raysfrom the isomeric states were detected by EURICA5) ,which is an array of 12-cluster Ge detectors. Each cluster consists of seven crystals that enable adding backCompton-scattered events in the neighboring crystals.
After the analysis of the data, isomers were found in
Pm isotopes with A = 158, 159, and 161. Fig. 1 shows
the preliminary energy spectra of the delayed γ rays
for the Pm isotopes. Many new γ rays were observed
for them. Half-lives of 159 Pm and 161 Pm were obtainedby ﬁtting the timing spectra gated by the γ-ray energy.
158
Pm was found to have a half-life much longer than
the 16µs time window. Further analysis of the γ-γ
coincidence and relative intensities are in progress toconstruct the level schemes. β-γ analysis will also be
performed to obtain more information on the low-lying
states of these nuclei.
References∗1

Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗3 LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗6 Department of Physics, Peking University∗7 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗8 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗9 School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton∗10 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗11 ILL, Grenoble∗12 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗13 Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba∗14 MTA Atomki∗15 Department of Display Engineering, Hoseo University∗16 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗17 Department of Physics, University of York∗18 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC
∗19 Departamento de Física Teórica, Universidad Autónoma de
Madrid∗20 Department of Physiscs, Beihang University∗21) R. F. Casten et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 47, 1433 (1981)
2) G. D. Dracoulis et al.: PRC 81, 054313 (2010)3) S. Go et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 21 (2013)4) S. Nishimura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 182(2013)
5) S. Nishimura: Nucl. Phys. News 22, No. 3 (2012)- 11 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Beta-delayed proton emission of 73 Sr and effective lifetime of therp-process waiting point 72 Kr in X-ray bursts environment
L. Sinclair,∗1 G. Lorusso,∗2 P. Davies,∗1 J. Wu,∗3 Z.Y. Xu,∗4 S. Nishimura,∗2 P. Doornenbal,∗2
P.-A. Söderström,∗2 F. Browne,∗5 D. Lubos,∗6 Z. Patel,∗7 S. Rice,∗7 H. Baba,∗2 A. Estrade,∗8 Y. Fang,∗9J. Henderson,∗1 T. Isobe,∗2 D. Jenkins,∗1 S. Kubono,∗2 Z. Li,∗3 I. Nishizuka,∗10 H. Sakurai,∗2 P. Schury,∗2
T. Sumikama,∗10 R. Wadsworth,∗1 H. Watanabe,∗2 V. Werner,∗11 and the EURICA collaboration
The nuclide 72 Kr is a potential waiting pointof the astrophysical rp-process. However, its lifetime under conditions of X-ray bursts may significantly be reduced by the two-proton capture reaction
72
Kr(p,γ)73 Rb(p,γ)74 Sr. The rate of this reaction ishighly sensitive to the characteristics of the low-energy
states of the intermediate nucleus 73 Rb and, in particular, to the proton-separation energy, Sp , of 73 Rb. No
constraints from direct measurements exist, resulting
in significant uncertainties in calculations of astrophysical interest.
Nuclear structure in the 70–80 mass-number regionis particularly interesting. Rapid shape changes, shapecoexistence, and np-pairing effects are all expected.
This is a challenging region from a theoretical perspective and little experimental data exists for nuclei
beyond the N=Z line. This experiment affords an opportunity to access nuclei both at and beyond the N=Z
line in this mass-number region.
The nuclei of interest were produced by fragmentation of a 345 MeV/u 124 Xe primary beam colliding with a 9 Be target. The beam intensity ranged
from 30–35 pnA. The secondary beam purification andidentification was performed using the BigRIPS fragment separator. The fragments of interest were unambiguously identified, and their subsequent decays
were recorded using the WAS3ABi silicon stopper in
conjunction with EURICA1 . Implantations were correlated with their subsequent β-decays on the basis of
position and time, enabling measurement of half-lives
and β-delayed γ rays.
Two experimental settings were used to accessproton-rich isotopes around 73 Sr (as shown in theparticle-identification (PID) plot in Fig. 1 with 73 Srhighlighted). As a first setting, BigRIPS was set for
maximum transmission of 73 Sr, the number of implanted nuclei predicted by LISE++ was 2500 and therequested beam time was 2.5 days. A second setting

was optimized for the transmission of 74 Sr, and thenumber of implanted nuclei predicted was 8000 for
0.5 days. The actual total beam time was 45 h for 73 Sr
and 9 h for 74 Sr. The number of implanted 73 Sr and74
Sr were 186 and 590, respectively. The discrepancies observed between the expected counts and actual
counts is due to the actual production cross-section being lower than that predicted by LISE++ calculations.
39

73

105

Sr

38
37

104

Z

36

103

35
34

102

33
32

10

31
30
1.9

1.95

2

2.05
A/Q

2.1

2.15

2.2

1

Fig. 1. PID plot of nuclei transmitted through the fragment
separator BigRIPS from the 73 Sr setting.

Upon the experiment’s completion, an energy calibration of WAS3ABi was carried out using 482 and972 keV conversion electrons emitted from a 207 Bi
source.
The β + -decay half-lives of nuclei 73 Sr, 74 Sr and 76 Y
have been measured. The accuracy of these measurements were verified by extracting the half-lives of previously studied nuclei and comparing with the literature
values.
The isotopes 69 Br, 72 Rb and 73 Rb were observed in
BigRIPS, for which there is evidence of implantationand decay events in WAS3ABi. Future analyses will
focus on these events, as well as the low-lying structure
populated through β + -decay of exotic nuclei produced
around 73 Sr. A search for new isomeric states, such as
the one found in 70 Se, is also being carried out.
This large set of data will provide new half-lives, direct input for rp-process calculations, and new insights
into the structure of nuclei in this region.

∗1

Department of Physics, University of YorkRIKEN Nishina Center∗3 School of Physics, Peking University∗4 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗5 CEM, University of Brighton∗6 Technische Universität München∗7 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗8 School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh∗9 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗10 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗11 Department of Physics, Yale University∗2

References
1) P.-A. Söderström et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317,
649-652, (2013)- 12 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Commissioning of a LaBr3 (Ce) array with EURICA at RIBF
Z. Patel,∗1,∗2 F. Browne,∗1,∗3 A. M. Bruce,∗3 N. Chiga,∗4 R. Daido,∗5 S. Nishimura,∗1 Zs. Podolyák,∗2
P. H. Regan,∗2,∗6 O. J. Roberts,∗3 H. Sakurai,∗1 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗4 and H. Watanabe∗7
The LaBr3 (Ce) crystals are ∅ 1.5” x 2”, each coupled to a H10570MOD Hamamatsu PMT. The crystals
have removable 5 mm lead shields to prevent crosstalk
between detectors. The configuration can be seen in
figure 1. The plastic scintillators measured 45 mm x
150 mm x 2 mm and were placed approximately 3 5 mm from the first and last DSSDs.
The PMTs of the LaBr3 (Ce) detectors have an anode and a dynode output for timing and energy measurements respectively. The energy signal was takenfrom the last dynode of the 8-stage PMT and passed toa CAEN N568B shaping amplifier followed by a CAEN
V785 ADC. The time signal from the anode is passed toan Ortec 935 CFD and then divided between a CAEN
V775 short-range TDC and a CAEN V1190A longrange TDC. A stop signal from the plastic scintillator
at F11 (∼ 1 m before WAS3ABi) or from WAS3ABI isused for the long-range TDC. The stop signal for the
short-range TDC is taken from the plastic scintillators.

An array of 18 LaBr3 (Ce) detectors were introduced
to complement the HPGe EURICA (Euroball-RIKEN
Cluster Array) detectors for the Spring 2013 campaign
at RIBF. These detectors were supplied by The University of Surrey and The University of Brighton toprovide fast-timing information on the half-lives of excited states within radioactive nuclei1) .
LaBr3 (Ce) crystals are very fast scintillators withhigh effective Z and a fast decay time. This makes
them superior to other detectors for γ-ray decay timemeasurements, as they are able to measure half-lives
with a picosecond-nanosecond range while also possessing good energy resolution2,3) .

Fig. 1.: A schematic of one-half of EURICA with
LaBr3 (Ce) detectors, viewed perpendicular to thebeam line. The remaining unseen detectors are arranged at the bottom of the array.

Fig. 2.: Absolute efficiency of the LaBr3 (Ce) detectors
measured using 152 Eu and 60 Co sources.
The absolute efficiency of the LaBr3 (Ce) array isshown in figure 2. This was measured using 152 Eu
and 60 Co point sources placed inside the WAS3ABichamber, with the LaBr3 (Ce) detectors positioned on
average ∼ 10 cm from the silicon strip detectors.
Analysis of data taken by the LaBr3 (Ce) detectors
is in progress: preliminary results from half-life measurements in Zr isotopes can be found in reference 4.

Radioactive isotopes were delivered by BigRIPS tothe experimental area, where they were implanted into
WAS3ABi (Wide Angle Silicon Strip Stopper Arrayfor Beta and ion implantation). The resulting γ rays
following the isotope’s decay were detected by thesurrounding HPGe and LaBr3 (Ce) detectors (Fig. 1).
Two plastic scintillators were added to WAS3ABi (oneupstream and one downstream) to provide a stop signal
for the short-range TDC of the LaBr3 (Ce) detectors,
as the silicon detector’s time resolution is too poor at
hundreds of nanoseconds.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

References
1) O. J. Roberts et al., Nucl. Instr. Methods A 748, 91(2014).
2) P. H. Regan et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 63, 01008(2013).
3) O. J. Roberts et al., EPJ Web of Conferences 63, 01018(2013).
4) F. Browne et al., Measurement of Lifetimes of Excited
States in 102 Zr and 104 Zr in this report.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, The University of Surrey
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, The
University of Brighton
Department of Physics, Tohoku University
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Radioactivity Group, National Physics Laboratory
Department of Physics, Beihang University- 13 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Deuteron Analyzing Powers for dp elastic scattering at 250–294
MeV/nucleon and three-nucleon force
K. Sekiguchi,∗1 Y. Wada,∗1 J. Miyazaki,∗1 T. Taguchi,∗1 U. Gebauer,∗1 M. Dozono,∗2 S. Kawase,∗3
Y. Kubota,∗3 Y. Maeda,∗4 T. Mashiko,∗1 K. Miki,∗5 S. Sakaguchi,∗6 H. Sakai,∗2 N. Sakamoto,∗2
M. Sasano,∗2 Y. Shimizu,∗2 K. Takahashi,∗1 R. Tang,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗2 T. Wakasa,∗6 and K. Yako∗3
potentials, namely CDBonn3) , AV184) , Nijmegen I,
and Nijmegen II5) . The solid lines are the calculations including Urbana IX 3NF6) based on the AV18
potential.
The tensor analyzing power T22 reveals an energy
dependence diﬀerent from those obtained for the crosssection and the other analyzing powers iT11 , T20 , andT21 1) . At 135 MeV/N and below, adding 3NFs degrades the description of data in a large angular region.
It is contrary to what happens at energies above 250
MeV/N, for which large 3NF eﬀects are supported by
the T22 data.

The study of three-nucleon forces (3NFs) is essential for clarifying various nuclear phenomena. In addition to the ﬁrst signals indicating 3NF eﬀects in thebinding energies of 3 H and 3 He, the signiﬁcance of
3NFs has been recently pointed out for descriptionsof discrete states in higher-mass nuclei. Three-nucleon
scattering at intermediate energies (E/A ∼ 200 MeV)
is one attractive approach to investigate the dynamical aspects of 3NFs, such as momentum and/or spin
dependences. With the aim of clarifying the roles of
the 3NFs in nuclei, experimental programs with polarized deuteron beams at intermediate energies are in
progress at RIBF. As the ﬁrst step, we measured acomplete set of deuteron analyzing powers (iT11 , T20 ,T21 , T22 ) in deuteron–proton (dp) elastic scattering at
250 and 294 MeV/nucleon (MeV/N).
A schematic diagram of the experimental setup canbe found in Ref. (1). Vector- and tensor-polarized
deuteron beams were accelerated by the injector cyclotrons AVF and RRC up to 90 (100) MeV/N; subsequently, they were accelerated up to 250 (294) MeV/N
by the SRC. Typical values of the beam polarizations
were 80% of the theoretical maximum values. The
measurement for dp elastic scattering was performedby using a detector system, BigDpol, installed at theextraction beamline of the SRC. Polyethylene (CH2 )of thickness 330 mg/cm2 was used as the hydrogentarget. In BigDpol, four pairs of plastic scintillators
coupled with photo-multiplier tubes were placed symmetrically in the azimuthal directions to the left, right,
up and down. Scattered deuterons and recoil protons
were detected in the kinematical coincidence conditionby each pair of detectors. The angles (θc.m. ) measured
in the center-of-mass system are in the range 40◦ –162◦ .
In the experiment, the deuteron beams were stopped
in a Faraday cup, which was installed at the focal plane
F0 of the BigRIPS spectrometer.
Here, we report the results of energy dependence ofthe deuteron tensor analyzing power T22 . The angular distribution of T22 is shown with open circles, together with the previously reported data at 70 and
135 MeV/N1) . The red (blue) bands in the ﬁgure
are the Faddeev calculations with (without) Tucson–
Melbourne’99 (TM99) 3NF2) based on the modern NN
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

In order to obtain a consistent understanding of thespin dependence of 3NFs up to high momenta, we planto perform deuteron analyzing power measurements at
190 MeV/N.

Fig. 1. Tensor analyzing power T22 for dp elastic scattering
at 70–294 MeV/N.

References
1) K. Sekiguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 83, 061001 (2011).
2) S. A. Coon and H. K. Han: Few Body Syst. 30, 131(2001).
3) R. Machleidt: Phys. Rev. C 63, 024001 (2001).
4) R. B. Wiringa et al.: Phys. Rev. C 51, 38 (1995).
5) V. G. J. Stoks et al.: Phys. Rev. C 49, 2950 (1994).
6) B. S. Pudliner et al.: Phys. Rev. C 56, 1720 (1997).

Department of Physics, Tohoku University
RIKEN Nishina Center
CNS, University of Tokyo
Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki
RCNP, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Kyushu University- 14 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Shallow and diﬀuse spin-orbit potential for proton elastic scatteringfrom neutron-rich helium isotopes at 71 MeV/nucleon†
S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗1 N. Aoi,∗3 Y. Ichikawa,∗1 K. Itoh,∗4 M. Itoh,∗5 T. Kawabata,∗6 T. Kawahara,∗1
Y. Kondo,∗7 H. Kuboki,∗1 T. Nakamura,∗7 T. Nakao,∗4 Y. Nakayama,∗7 H. Sakai,∗1 Y. Sasamoto,∗4
K. Sekiguchi,∗8 T. Shimamura,∗7 Y. Shimizu,∗1 and T. Wakui∗58Strong spin-orbit coupling in atomic nuclei plays animportant role in nuclear structure and reactions. Its
manifestation in neutron-rich nuclei has attracted extensive interest, since a number of experimental results
suggest a change in the shell structure that could be
explained by a reduction in the spin-orbit splitting. On
the other hand, there has been no experimental study
on how the spin-orbit coupling is modiﬁed in nuclear
reactions. Spin asymmetry in proton–nucleus scattering is a prominent manifestation of the spin-orbit
coupling in nuclear reactions. The spin-orbit term in
the optical model potential is generally expressed by aderivative of the density distribution1–3) . It would beinteresting to probe the nature of the spin-orbit potential for a nucleus with a very diﬀuse surface.
In order to investigate the eﬀect of the exotic density distribution on the spin-orbit potential, we measured the vector analyzing powers for proton elastic
scattering from 6 He and 8 He at 71 MeV/nucleon at
RIPS beamline at RI Beam Factory using the solid
polarized proton target specially constructed for the
RI-beam experiment 4) . To determine the spin-orbit
potentials, we performed a phenomenological opticalmodel analysis using the ECIS79 code. For the function of the potential, we used a standard Woods-Saxon
form factor with a Thomas-type spin-orbit term. We
search for a parameter set that reproduces both thedσ/dΩ and Ay data. Details of the ﬁtting procedureand obtained parameters can be found in Refs.5,6) .
The characteristics of the spin-orbit potential is discussed in terms
radius of the potential√∫ of the r.m.s.
∫
2 1/2
2
⟨rls ⟩
r Vls (r)dr/ Vls (r)dr and the ampli=
tude of rVls (r) at the peak position. Here, r is the
distance from the center-of-mass of 6,8 He and Vls (r) is
the spin-orbit potential. Figure 1(a) shows the mass2 1/2
number dependence of the ⟨rls⟩
values for the spinzero nuclei. The closed circles show the potentials
locally obtained for each nucleus. The dashed anddot-dashed curves represent the global optical poten2 1/2
tials7,8) . We can see that the ⟨rls⟩
values of 6 He and
†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

He are remarkably larger than the systematics. Moreover, it is interesting to ﬁnd a close similarity between
2 1/2
the behavior of ⟨rls⟩
and the matter radius rm , plotted as the open squares in Fig. 1(a). This indicatesthe particular sensitivity of the spin-orbit interaction
to the nuclear surface structure.
Figure 1(b) displays the amplitude of rVls (r) at thepeak position. The peak amplitudes for 6 He and 8 He
are considerably smaller than the standard values of
3.5–5.5 MeV fm. From these results, it is concluded
that the spin-orbit potentials between a proton andneutron-rich 6 He and 8 He nuclei are considerably shallower and more diﬀuse than the global systematics ofnuclei along the stability line. This is considered to
be a consequence of the diﬀuse density distribution ofthese neutron-rich isotopes.

Fig. 1. See text for details. The symbols for rm are shiftedvertically by −0.5 fm to prevent overlap.

References
1) C. B. Dover et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 190, 373 (1972).
2) R. R. Scheerbaum: Nucl. Phys. A 257, 77 (1976).
3) E. Bauge et al.: Phys. Rev. C 58, 1118 (1998).
4) T. Wakui: Proc. of PST2005 (World Scientific, 2007).
5) S. Sakaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 84, 024604 (2011).
6) S. Sakaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87, 021601(R)(2013).
7) R. L. Varner et al.: Phys. Rep. 201, 58 (1991).
8) A. J. Koning et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 713, 231 (2003).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 87, 021601(R)(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
RCNP, Osaka University
CNS, University of TokyoCYRIC, Tohoku University
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Physics, Tohoku University- 15 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of proton and neutron density distributions observed via
proton elastic scattering at 200 and 300 MeV
J. Zenihiro,∗1 H. Sakaguchi,∗2 S. Terashima,∗4 Y. Matsuda,∗2 S. Adachi,∗3 T. Baba,∗3 T. Furuno,∗3
T. Hashimoto,∗2 T. Kawabata,∗2 J. Lee,∗1 Y. Maeda,∗5 K. Miki,∗2 T. Murakami,∗3 H. J. Ong,∗2
A. Tamii,∗2 J. Tanaka,∗2 M. Tsumura,∗3 T. Yamamoto,∗2 and L. Yu,∗4
proton and neutron densities can be separately and simultaneously determined by the new method. The extracted proton and neutron radii of 90 Zr are 4.210(20)and 4.300(17) fm, respectively. The extracted proton radius is very consistent with that of 4.198(1) fm,
which is derived from the charge radius determined via
the combined analysis of electron elastic scattering andmuonic atom X-rays data.7)

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

dσ/dΩ (mb/sr)

90

10 2

10
10

90

Ay

Zr 200-1
1

Ni 200
-2
x 10

30

40

50

Zr 200
10

20

30

40

50

20

30

40

50

0

-0.5 58

-4

10

20

0.5

58

-3

10

0

-0.5 90-1-2

Zr 300

0.5

Ay

10

-1
1

Zr 300
3
x 10

90

10

10

0

-0.5

4

10 3

1

0.5

Best Fit

10 5
10

1

RIA+RH

10 6

Ay

A systematic study of the nucleon density distributions of ﬁnite nuclei is important for understanding theisospin dependence of the nuclear many-body system.
For example, the neutron skin thicknesses are known to
be strongly correlated with the density-dependent termof the symmetry energy, and the isospin-dependent
term of the nuclear equation of state.
In previous works,1,2) we have succeeded in extracting the neutron density distributions of stable nuclei
such as Sn and Pb isotopes via proton elastic scattering. At the same time we have launched a new project
aimed at measuring the Elastic Scattering of Protons
with RI beams (ESPRI) with the purpose of the extraction of proton and neutron density distributions of
unstable nuclei. We have newly developed and tested
unique devices for the ESPRI measurements at NIRSHIMAC in Chiba and GSI in Germany.3,4) Finally, we
have successfully performed the ESPRI experiment at
RIBF in April, 2013.5)
Unlike the case of stable nuclei, however, we haveno information on the nuclear charge densities of unstable nuclei. Thus, we have proposed a new method
to extract proton and neutron densities via two-energy
proton elastic scattering. This method is based on thelarge diﬀerence between the energy dependences of the
p-p and p-n interactions. Recently, we performed anexperiment to demonstrate this new method using real
data of Zr isotopes. In this report, we show the preliminary results of 90 Zr only. For other isotopes (92,94 Zr),
the analysis is still ongoing.
The experiment was performed at RCNP, Osaka
University. Polarized proton elastic scattering from90,92,94
Zr and 58 Ni at 200 and 300 MeV was measured by using the Grand Raiden magnetic spectrometer.6) Figure 1 shows the angular distributions of crosssections (dσ/dΩ) and the analyzing powers (Ay ) of90
Zr(⃗p,p) at 200 and 300 MeV and of 58 Ni(⃗p,p) at
200 MeV. The red lines denote the result of relativistic
impulse approximation (RIA) with relativistic-Hartree(RH) densities. The 58 Ni data was used to determine
the eﬀective interaction at 200 MeV (solid lines). Using
the eﬀective interaction, the proton and neutron densities of 90 Zr were simultaneously searched and the results are denoted by the solid lines in Fig. 1 and 2. The

20

30

40

-1

50

Θc.m.(degree)

Ni 20010

Θc.m.(degree)

Fig. 1. Obtained data of dσ/dΩ and Ay of 90 Zr at 200 and
300 MeV and of 58 Ni at 200 MeV. The black solid lines
show the ﬁtting results while the red dashed lines are
RIA calculations with RH densities.

3

density (1/fm )

0.14

90

0.12
0.1

NeutronZr

extracted
RH modelProton

0.08
0.06

0.02
0

0

1

2

extracted
unfolded

i

lim

Pre

0.04

y
nar

3

4

5

radius (fm)

6

7

8

Fig. 2. Extracted proton and neutron densities, denoted bysolid red and blue lines, respectively. While upper andlower lines show the error envelopes due to the experimental errors, middle lines are the best-ﬁt results. The
red dashed line shows the proton density by unfolding
the nuclear charge density. Blue dashed line shows thesame by the RH model calculation.

References
1) S. Terashima et al.: Phys. Rev. C 77, 024317 (2008).
2) J. Zenihiro et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82, 044611 (2010).
3) Y. Matsuda et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87, 034614 (2013).
4) S. Terashima et al.: GSI Scientiﬁc Report, 148 (2010).
5) S. Terashima et al.: in this report.
6) M. Fujiwara et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 422, 484(1999).
7) I. Angeli: At. Data Nucl. Data Tables 87, 185 (2004).

RIKEN Nishina Center
RCNP, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang
University
Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki- 16 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Spin-isospin response of the neutron-rich nucleus 8 He
via the (p, n) reaction in inverse kinematics
M. Kobayashi,∗1 K. Yako,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗1 M. Dozono,∗2 S. Kawase,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2
C.S. Lee,∗1,∗2 S. Michimasa,∗1 H. Miya,∗1,∗2 S. Ota,∗1 H. Sakai,∗2 M. Sasano,∗2 and M. Takaki∗1
Charge-exchange (p, n) reactions at intermediate energies (E > 100 MeV) serve as powerful tools to study
spin-isospin responses of nuclei; Gamow-Teller (GT)transitions are a particular example of such reactions.
In the present work, we focused on the neutron-rich nucleus 8 He, which has the largest neutron-to-proton ratio among all known particle-stable nuclei (N/Z = 3).
It can be described as an α-particle surrounded by fourvalence neutrons, exhibiting a neutron halo or thickneutron skin. We measured the 8 He(p, n)8 Li reaction
at 190A MeV in inverse kinematics in order to study
the spin-isospin response of 8 He. This is the ﬁrst measurement of the charge-exchange reaction on 8 He.
The experiment was performed at the RIKEN RI
Beam Factory (RIBF). Recoil neutrons with low kinetic energies from the (p, n) reactions were detectedby the recently developed neutron detector WINDS.1)
The residual nucleus 8 Li and its decay product 7 Li weredetected using auxiliary beam line detectors, a plastic scintillator, and a multi-wire drift chamber (LPMWDC)2) , installed at FH10, which is downstream
from the secondary target at FH9. A superconducting
triplet quadrupole (STQ) was installed between FH9
and FH10. The triton decay channel of the excitedstate in 8 Li was not tagged in this measurement.
Double diﬀerential cross sections for the 8 He(p, n)8 Li
reaction at excitation energies of 0–20 MeV and neutron energies of 2.0–4.4 MeV, which correspond to momentum transfers of 0.31–0.46 fm−1 , were obtained.
Figure 1 shows the double diﬀerential cross sections
for Tn = 2.0–2.6 MeV, corresponding to q = 0.31–
0.35 fm−1 . In the spectrum, two peaks were observedat ∼ 1 MeV and ∼ 8 MeV. The lower peak corresponds
to the ﬁrst excited 1+ state of 8 Li at 0.98 MeV.
The angular distributions of the cross sections forthe peaks at ∼ 1 MeV and ∼ 8 MeV are shown in
Fig. 2. In this ﬁgure, the diﬀerential cross sections
were corrected for the transmission eﬃciencies between
FH9 and FH10. They were compared to the results ofdistorted wave impulse approximation (DWIA) calculations. The angular distribution of the peak at ∼1 MeV, which is a ﬂat distribution, was reproduced
well by the sum of the 0.98-MeV state (J π = 1+ ) andthe ground state (J π = 2+ ). The cross sections at
q = 0 for the 0.98-MeV and 8-MeV states were extracted. We then calculated the GT strength B(GT)for the 8-MeV state by using the extracted cross sections at q = 0 and the known B(GT) value of 0.24
∗1∗2d2σ/d ΩdEx (mb/sr/MeV)

1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

-0.2

-5

0

5

Ex (MeV)

10

15

20

Fig. 1. (Preliminary) Double diﬀerential cross sections for
Tn = 2.0–2.6 MeV.

102
Ex = 0.98 MeV + 0 MeV

dσ/d Ω (mb/sr)

Ex = 8 MeV (corrected)

10

1

10-1
0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4
q (fm-1)

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

Fig. 2. (Preliminary) Angular distributions of the measured cross section for the 0.98-MeV (black) peak andthe 8-MeV (red) peak.

for the 0.98-MeV state. The obtained GT strength
was B(GT) ∼ 8 for the neutron decay channel of the
8-MeV state.
It is known that the excited state at ∼ 9 MeV with alarge GT strength of B(GT) ∼ 5 decays primarily bytriton emission.3,4) In contrast, we observed, for theﬁrst time, a neutron decay channel of the resonancestate with a large B(GT) strength. This result suggests that most of the GT strength is concentrated in
the resonance state at ∼ 8 MeV. The observed state ismost likely the Gamow-Teller resonance of 8 He. Further analysis is in progress.
References
1) K. Yako et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 137(2012).
2) H. Miya et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 710 (2013).
3) M.J.G. Borge et al.: Z. Phys. A 340, 255 (1991).
4) M.J.G. Borge et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 560, 664 (1993).

Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 17 -

1

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

New type of spectroscopy via heavy-ion double charge exchange(12 C, 12 Be(0+2 )) reaction
M. Takaki,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗1 N. Aoi,∗3 M. Dozono,∗2 S. Gotanda,∗4 T. Hashimoto,∗3 Y. Kanaya,∗4
T. Kawabata,∗5 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 M. Kobayashi,∗1 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 Y. Maeda,∗4 M. Matsushita,∗1
S. Michimasa,∗1 K. Miki,∗3 E. Milman,∗2 S. Ota,∗1 M. Sasano,∗2 A. Tamii,∗3 M. Tsumura,∗5 and J. Zenihiro∗2
One of the most interesting features in atomic nuclei is the variety of spin and isospin responses. The
Gamow–Teller (GT) transition is the simplest spin–
isospin response within one-phonon excitations, andit has been well studied. In contrast, data on multiphonon excitations have been scarce. The double GT
giant resonance (DGTGR)1) is the most basic twophonon excitation mode. However, DGTGRs have notbeen observed so far. The discovery of the DGTGR isan essential step in extending the research of the spin–
isospin responses to multi-phonon space. Another interest for studying DGTGR relates to its relevance inneutrino physics; the DGT transition is induced by
the same transition operator as the ββ-decay is , i.e.,στ στ . However, the ββ-decay has quite small DGT
strength. A major part of the DGT strength is concentrated among highly excited states in DGTGR. A
promising spectroscopic method to search for DGTGRs is through heavy-ion double charge exchange(HIDCX) reactions, which can induce two-phonon excitations with spin and isospin transfer by two units.
In 2011, we conducted a HIDCX 12 C(18 O, 18 Ne)12 Be
reaction experiment and found a large cross section
12of 1.5 µb/sr for the second 0+ (0+Be at2 ) state in◦2)
12
0 . This is probably because all the initial C(0+g.s. ),
+
12
),
and
ﬁnal
Be(0
)
statesareintermediate 12 B(1+g.s.
2dominated by a 0h̄ω conﬁguration3–5) . This led us toa new idea to use the (12 C, 12 Be(0+2 )) reaction as atool to investigate DGTGRs. In this probe, the excitation energy of target nuclei are measured using a
missing–mass technique. Several ﬁnal states in 12 Be
can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio of an observed
spectrum in the method. The key of this probe is to
avoid the contamination by tagging the two 511–keV
γ-rays emitted back-to-back from the e+ e− decay withthe mean lifetime of 331 ns6) . In order to demonstrate
the feasibility of the delayed γ-ray tagging method,18
we performed the HIDCX 18 O(12 C, 12 Be(0+2 )) Ne reaction measurement using the Grand Raiden (GR)spectrometer at RCNP, Osaka University. The primary 12 C beam at 100A MeV bombarded a 20-mg/cm2
H2 18 O ice target. The momenta of outgoing particles were analyzed using GR. The two 511–keV γ-rays
from 12 Be(0+2 ) were detected using a NaI(Tl) array sur∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

rounding a plastic-scintillator stopper at the GR focal
plane. Figure 1 shows the GR horizontal position spectra. The position corresponds to the excitation energyof 18 Ne. The peak of the spectrum without the γ-ray
tagging, which originates from the 18 Ne ground state,
is rather broad and has a tail. The broadening is probably due to contributions from diﬀerent ﬁnal states in
12
Be, and the tail originates from accidental coincidence events of 9 Li and 6 He. On the other hand, ina red spectrum with γ-ray tagging, the peak indicatedby a red arrow is narrower, and the background has
mostly vanished. The obtained energy resolution was∼3 MeV mainly because of an energy–loss diﬀerence inthe target, and thus the diﬀerence between the peak
positions of the two spectra is within the resolution.
The result of the test experiment shows the feasibilityof the gamma-ray tagging method. Our next step is to
apply this method to nuclei exhibiting ββ-decay, suchas 48 Ca.
Counts (A.U.)

220
200
180

18

12

12

18

Ne(gnd)18

O( C, Be) Ne w/o γ -ray tag

18

+ 18

12 12
O( C, Be(0 )) Ne w/ γ -ray tag × 10
2

160
140
120
100
80
60

18

18

O(12C,12Be(0+2 ;2.24 MeV)) Ne(gnd)preliminary40
20
0-400 -300 -200 -100

0100

200 300 400
GR FP X (mm)Fig. 1. Horizontal position spectra of the GR focal planewith or without γ-ray tagging. For the red spectrum,
detection eﬃciency of 10% is considered for the NaI(Tl)array.

References
1) D.C. Zheng, L. Zamick, N. Auerbach: Ann. of Phys.
197, 343 (1990).
2) M. Takaki et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 29(2013).
3) F.C. Barker: J. Phys. G 2, L45 (1976).
4) H. Fortune and R. Sherr: Phys. Rev. C 74 (2006)
024301.
5) R. Meharchant et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012)
122501.
6) S. Shimoura et al.: Phys. Lett. B 560 (2003) 31; ibid
654, (2007) 87.

Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki
Department of Physics, Kyoto University- 18 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of spin-isospin responses via exothermic charge exchange
reaction (8 He, 8 Li)
H. Miya,∗1,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗2 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 M. Assié,∗3 H. Baba,∗1 T. Baba,∗4 D. Beaumel,∗3 M. Dozono,∗1
T. Fujii,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗1 S. Go,∗1,∗2 F. Hammache,∗3 E. Ideguchi,∗5 N. Inabe,∗1 M. Itoh,∗6 D. Kameda,∗1
S. Kawase,∗2 T. Kawabata,∗4 M. Kobayashi,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗7 T. Kubo,∗1 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 C. S. Lee,∗1,∗2
Y. Maeda,∗8 H. Matsubara,∗9 S. Michimasa,∗2 K. Miki,∗5 T. Nishi,∗10 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 S. Ota,∗2
H. Sakai,∗1 S. Sakaguchi,∗11 M. Sasano,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 A. Stolz,∗12 M. Takaki,∗2
H. Takeda,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗1 A. Tamii,∗5 H. Tokieda,∗2 M. Tsumura,∗4 T. Uesaka,∗1 K. Yako,∗2
Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 and R. Yokoyama∗2∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo∗3 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Orsay∗4 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗5 Research Center Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗6 Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University∗7 Department of physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗8 Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki∗9 National Institute of Radiological Sciences∗10 Department of physics, The University of Tokyo∗11 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗12 National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University
∗2

10
5

20

+1%
+0.5%
0% -0.5%

15-1%
XS0 [mm]

20
15
XS0 [mm]

We performed the exothermic charge-exchange (CE)reaction of (8 He, 8 Li) at the RIKEN RIBF facility
by using the BigRIPS, the High-Resolution Beamline(HRBL), and the SHARAQ spectrometer.1,2) Missing
mass spectra in the 4 He, 12 C(8 He, 8 Li) reactions were
measured at the beam energy of 190 MeV/nucleon.
The spin-isospin response of a spin-dipole transition
with the radioactive isotope (RI) beam induced by the
CE reaction was studied.
The intensity of the secondary 8 He beam, which was
produced via a projectile-fragmentation reaction of an18
O beam, was about 2 Mcps at the secondary target position (SHARAQ-S0). The scattered 8 Li wasmomentum-analyzed with the SHARAQ spectrometer.
Low-pressure multiwire drift chambers3) were placedat the foci of the BigRIPS and the HRBL. Cathodereadout drift chambers4) were installed at the ﬁnal focal plane (SHARAQ-S2) of the SHARAQ spectrometer. The high-resolution achromatic (HRA) transport
mode2) was set to obtain a momentum acceptance of
2%. The detail experimental setup is described in aprevious report.5) .
The secondary RI beam has momentum distribution. In order to perform high-resolution missing mass
spectroscopy with the RI beam, measurement of thebeam momentum (δ) of incoming and outgoing particles at the target is required. At the momentumdispersive focal planes, δ is correlated with the beam
trajectory. In the HRA mode, it is important to measure the trajectory, mainly the horizontal position (x),at the BigRIPS-F6 and the SHARAQ-S2. δ couples
with the beam transfer matrix elements of x and horizontal angle (a). The matrix elements should be measured to obtain the missing mass energy in the CE

0
-5

-10

-1%

0
-5

-10

-15
-20
-100

10
5

+1%
+0.5%
0% -0.5%

-15
-50

0

XS2 [mm]

(a)

50

100

-20
-100

-50

0

XS2 [mm]

50

100

(b)

Fig. 1. Correlation of xS0 with xS2 (a) before and (b) after correction.The five loci correspond to the particles
with δ = -1%, -0.5%, ... ,1%, which were tagged at the
BigRIPS-F6.

reaction. The 8 Li beam was transported to the S2 forchecking the matrix elements of (x|x) and (x|a) of thebeamline and the SHARAQ spectrometer.
Figure 1(a) shows the correlations of xS0 with xS2
for the momentum correction of the 8 Li beam. The ﬁveloci correspond to the particles with δ = -1%, -0.5%,... ,1%, which were tagged at the F6. The inclinationsof the loci indicate the matrix element of (x|x). The
diﬀerence in the inclinations for diﬀerent δ’s is due tothe eﬀect of the second-order matrix element of (x|xδ).
This deﬀerence enables enabled us to obtain the δ athigh resolution by correcting the correlation, as shownin Fig. 1(b). The matrix elements of (x|a) and (x|aδ)
were determined to correct the tilt of the focal plane.
These higher-order matrix elements of the beamline at
F6 were determined by checking the correlation withtagging the beam momentum at S2. The missing mass
resolution was evaluated to be 3.2 MeV in FWHM byusing the matrix elements and 4.6 MeV in FWHM before the correction. Further analysis of the missing
mass and angular distribution is now in progress.
References
1) T. Uesaka et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2012)
03C007.
2) S. Michimasa et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 305-310(2013).
3) H. Miya et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 710-713 (2013).
4) K. Kisamori et al.: CNS Ann. Rep. 2011 (2013).
5) H. Miya et al.: RIKEN Prog. Rep. 46 25 (2013).

- 19 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Spectroscopy of single-particle states in oxygen isotopes via
AO(p, pN ) reaction with polarized protons
S. Kawase,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗1 K. Yako,∗1 S. Ota,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗1 H. Tokieda,∗1 H. Miya,∗1∗2
T. L. Tang,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 M. Takaki,∗1,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 C. S. Lee,∗1,∗2 R. Yokoyama,∗1 T. Fujii,∗1,∗2
M. Kobayashi,∗1 M. Sasano,∗2 J. Zenihiro,∗2 H. Matsubara,∗2 M. Dozono,∗2 H. Sakai,∗2 T. Kubo,∗2
K. Yoshida,∗2 N. Inabe,∗2 Y. Yanagisawa,∗2 H. Takeda,∗2 K. Kusaka,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗2 D. Kameda,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2
T. Kawahara,∗2,∗3 T. Wakui,∗2,∗4 S. Sakaguchi,∗2,∗5 T. Noro,∗2,∗5 T. Wakasa,∗2,∗5 J. Yasuda,∗2,∗5
T. Fukunaga,∗2,∗5 Y. Maeda,∗6 W. Kim,∗7 S. H. Hwang,∗7 S. Stepanyan,∗7 A. Obertelli,∗8
A. Galindo-Uribarri,∗9 E. Padilla-Rodal,∗10 D. Beaumel∗2,∗11 for the SHARAQ04 collaboration
continue the analysis of these results by investigating
diﬀerent gating methods that may improve the eﬃciency, resolution, and S/N ratio.
The analysis for 22 O and 24 O beams is still ongoing.

The (
p, pN ) reaction is an eﬀective spectroscopic
tool to examine single-particle states. One can determine the spin-parity of single-particle states in nuclei
from the momentum dependence of the cross section
and the vector analyzing power without model dependence.1) In this experiment, our goal was to determine
the spin-orbit splitting of the 1p spin doublet in oxygenisotopes as a function of their neutron number.
We performed 14,22−24 O(p, 2p) reaction measurements (SHARAQ04 experiment) with a polarized
proton target at RIKEN RIBF to measure singleparticle spectra and to determine spin-orbit splitting
in 14,22−24 O. For the experimental setup, see refs.2,3)
Figure 1 shows the time-of-ﬂight (TOF)-∆E correlations for (a) incident and (b) residual particles in
14
O runs. The particles are identiﬁed via the TOF-∆E
method on an event-by-event basis. For residuals, only
their atomic numbers are identiﬁed. The proton separation energy (Sp ) of the target nuclei can be obtained
from the scattering angles and momenta of scatteredprotons:()
Sp = (1 − γ) mp − γ (T1 + T2 ) + βγ p1 + p2 ,Fig. 1. TOF-∆E correrations for (a) incident and (b) residual particles in 14 O runs. TOF was measured by using
plastic scintillators between (a) F3 and FH9 and (b)target position and S0 downstream.

where γ and β are the Lorentz factor and the velocity ofthe beam, respectively; mp is the proton mass; T1 andT2 are the kinetic energies of the scattered protons; andp1 and p2 are the momenta of the scattered protons.
In this formula, the momentum of the residual nucleus
is ignored because its eﬀect to Sp is negligibly small
compared with the resolution of Sp . Figure 2 shows
the separation energy spectrum for the 14 O(p, 2p)x N
reaction. Some amount of strength can be seen above
the separation energy of 14 O (4.627 MeV). However, it
is diﬃcult to distinguish excited states in the current
result because of the small statistics. We intend to∗1

Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Department of Physics, Toho University∗4 CYRIC, Tohoku University∗5 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗6 Department of Applied Physics, University of Miyazaki∗7 Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University∗8 CEA Saclay∗9 Oak Ridge National Laboratory∗10 Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional
Autónoma de México∗11 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay∗2

Fig. 2. Separation energy spectrum for 14 O(p, 2p)x N.

References
1) G. Jacob, Th. A. J. Maris et al.: Nucl. Phys. A, 257(3),517 (1976).
2) S. Kawase et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 (2013)30.
3) T. L. Tang et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 (2013)162.

- 20 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Missing-mass spectroscopy of the 4n system via exothermic
double-charge exchange reaction at high beam counting rates
K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 S. Shimoura,∗2 H. Miya,∗1,∗2 M. Assie,∗3 H. Baba,∗1 T. Baba,∗4 D. Beaumel,∗1,∗3
M. Dozono,∗1 T. Fujii,∗1,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗1 S. Go,∗1,∗2 F. Hammache,∗3 E. Ideguchi,∗5 N. Inabe,∗1 M. Itoh,∗6
D. Kameda,∗1 S. Kawase,∗2 T. Kawabata,∗4 M. Kobayashi,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗7 T. Kubo,∗1 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2
M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 C. S. Lee,∗1,∗2 Y. Maeda,∗8 H. Matsubara,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗2 K. Miki,∗5 T. Nishi,∗1,∗9
S, Noji,∗10 S. Ota,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗11 H. Sakai,∗1 Y. Sasamoto,∗2 M. Sasano,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1
A. Stolz,∗10 H. Suzuki,∗1 M. Takaki,∗2 H. Takeda,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗1 A. Tamii,∗5 L. Tang,∗2 H. Tokieda,∗2
M. Tsumura,∗4 T. Uesaka,∗1 K. Yako,∗2 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 and R. Yokoyama∗2(the bunch after that comprise 10.6 %). We developed
a new analytical framework that contains informationof multi particles arranged in a bunch structure as a
new dimension. Previous frameworks have assumed
that one trigger event corresponds to only one particle.
By reading multi-hit TDCs and assigning bunches
in plastic scintillators, we can increase the statistics by
12.1%w. With the multi wire drift chambers(MWDCs)
as tracking detectors at the beamline, it is found that
other particles in the later bunches of the triggered
particle cause tracking errors. By treating the sumof drift times of the planes shifted to the half cell of
MWDCs (Fig. 1), we can improve statistics by 10.3%
and eliminate multi-particles in each bunch.

Since the report on candidates of bound tetraneutron system1) , Multi-neutron systems in nuclei
have attracted considerable attention on both the experimental and theoretical fronts. On the other hand,later theoretical studies using ab-initio calculations2)
have suggested that the tetra-neutron cannot exist as
a bound system.
We performed missing-mass spectroscopy of the 4nsystem via an exothermic double-charge exchange reaction 4 He(8 He,8 Be)4n. The purpose of this experiment
was to obtain information on few-body forces, such as
the T=3/2 three body force, and the correlations between in multi-body scattering states that reflect final
state interactions of sub-systems, such as di-neutron
correlations. In order to produce the 4n system witha small momentum transfer of less than 20 MeV/c, asecondary beam of 8 He with a large internal energy,
190 A MeV, was used.
The experiment was performed at the RIKEN RI
Beam Factory (RIBF) using the SHARAQ spectrometer and a liquid He target system. The Be target
at BigRIPS-F0 was bombarded by a primary beamof 18 O at 230 A MeV to produce the 8 He secondary
beam. We measured the momentum of the 8 He beam
at BigRIPS-F6 with the High-Resolution Beamline andalso measured the momentum of two alpha particles,
which were the decay products of the 8 Be ejectile, with
the SHARAQ spectrometer.
Because a small cross section was expected for thisreaction, it was important to achieve a large yield andgood S/N ratio. The highest 8 He beam intensity in thisexperiment was 2 × 106 counts/second, which was produced by the 13.7 MHz AVF cyclotron. The first bunchof triggered particles comprise 14.6 % of the multiparticle event, and the next bunch comprises 12.7 %Fig. 1. Example of an event snapshot. The MWDC at F6
consists of 4 planes (U(30◦ )-U’(30◦ )-V(60◦ )-V’(60◦ )).
Solid lines represent hit wires. Blue solid and red
meshed bands represent the drift length of U(U’) andV(V’) planes, respectively. We can track the position(indicated by yellow circle) if there are 4 candidates.
The yellow cross denotes the particle in the next bunchof triggered particle.

At the final focal plane of the SHARAQ spectrometer, two-alpha events can be tracked using cathodereadout drift chamber4) (CRDCs). We identified approximately about a hundred candidate events for the
4n system. We are yet to examine the kinematicalconditions and eliminate the background.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo∗3 IPN, Orsay∗4 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗5 Research Center Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗6 Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University∗7 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗8 Faculty of Engineering, University of Miyazaki∗9 Department of Physics, the University of Tokyo∗10 National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University∗11 Faculity of Science, Kyushu University∗2

References
1) F. Marques et al.: Phys. Rev. C 65, 044006 (2002)
2) S. Pieper: Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 252501 (2003)
3) K. Kisamori et. al.: CNS Ann. Rep. 2010 (2012)4) K. Kisamori et. al.: Accelerator Progress Rep. 46 (2013)- 21 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Parity-transfer (16 O, 16 F) reaction for study of pionic 0− mode
M. Dozono,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 M. Sasano,∗1 S. Shimoura,∗2 S. Michimasa,∗2 S. Ota,∗2 H. Matsubara,∗2
Y. Sasamoto,∗2 S. Noji,∗2 H. Tokieda,∗2 H. Miya,∗2 S. Kawase,∗2 L. Tang,∗2 Y. Kikuchi,∗2 K. Kisamori,∗2
M. Takaki,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗2 C. S. Lee,∗2 T. Fujii,∗2 R. Yokoyama,∗2 H. Sakai,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1
Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 K. Yako,∗3 T. Wakasa,∗4 K. Fujita,∗4
S. Sakaguchi,∗4 H. Sagawa,1,5 M. Yamagami,∗5 and M. Ichimura∗1
The spin-dipole (SD) 0− excitation is an important
topic in the study of spin-isospin responses in nuclei.
Because the 0− excitation carries the same quantum
number as a pion, its strength distribution is expected
to reﬂect pion-like correlations in nuclei such as tensor
correlations1) . Despite this importance, experimental
information on 0− states is very limited because ofa lack of experimental tools that are suitable for 0−
studies.
In a previous report2) , we proposed a new probe, aparity-transfer (16 O, 16 F(0− )) reaction for 0− studies.
The parity-transfer reaction uses 0+ → 0− transitionin the projectile to probe 0− states in a target nucleus.
This reaction has unique sensitivity to unnatural parity states, which is an advantage over other reactions
used so far.
For the ﬁrst parity-transfer measurement, we planto perform a 12 C(16 O, 16 F(0− ))12 B experiment at the
RIKEN RIBF facility by using a SHARAQ spectrometer. Figure 1 shows the schematic of the experimental
setup. A primary 16 O beam of 250 MeV/A is transported onto a 12 C target. The outgoing 16 F are unbound to 15 O + p. Thus, we perform the coincidence
measurements of the decayed 15 O + p pairs. These
particles are momentum analyzed using the SHARAQ
spectrometer. The analyzed 15 O are detected with the
focal plane detectors of SHARAQ (two cathode readout drift chambers (CRDCs)), while the protons aredetected at the low-momentum side of the ﬁrst dipole
magnet. The 0− state of 16 F is identiﬁed by reconstructing the invariant mass of the 15 O + p pairs.
For this measurement, we have been developing a
proton tracking detector system, which consists of two
multi-wire drift chambers (MWDCs) and one plastic
scintillator (See Fig. 1). Table 1 shows the speciﬁcations of the MWDCs. Each MWDC has an eﬀective area of 480 mmW × 240 mmH to cover the acceptance for the protons emitted from 16 F. The readout
electronics and data acquisition (DAQ) system are thesame as those described in Ref.3) .
The performance of the MWDC was tested in the
SHARAQ04 experiment. A proton beam with an energy and intensity of 250 MeV and 1 kHz, respectively,
was incident on the MWDC. The position resolution
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

CRDC

Plastic Scinti.

MWDC

Q3

D1

S2

15 O
20cm

12 C
16 O
S0

SDQ

D2

p

Q3

S1
D1

SHARAQ
Spectrometer

Fig. 1. Schematic of the experimental setup.
Table 1. Speciﬁcations of the MWDCs. The X’ (Y’) plane
is oﬀset by half cell from the X (Y) plane.
Conﬁguration
Eﬀective area
Cell size
Numbers of channels
Anode wire
Potential wire
Cathode plane
Counter gas
Gas window

X - X’ - Y - Y’
480 mmW × 240 mmH
12 mmW × 10 mmt
120
Au-W, 20 µmφ
Cu-W, 80 µmφ
Al-Mylar, 2 µmt
P10 : Ar - CH4 (90 - 10), 1 atm
Al-Mylar, 25 µmt

was estimated from the residual of xX − xX . Here, xX(xX ) is a hit position in the X (X’) layer. We also
estimated the tracking eﬃciency, which was deﬁned as
the ratio of the number of events with the residual
within 3σ to the number of beams measured by using
the scintillator at the upstream of the MWDC. The resulting position resolution and tracking eﬃciency were
270 µm (FWHM) and 96%, respectively, when we applied a voltage of -1.6 kV on the potential wires andcathode planes. This performance is suﬃcient for the(16 O, 16 F(0− )) measurement.
The experiment is scheduled to be conducted in2014.
References
1) C. L. Bai et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 072501 (2010).
2) M. Dozono et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 10(2012).
3) H. Miya et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 701 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Center for Mathematics and Physics, University of Aizu

- 22 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Missing mass spectroscopy on carbon isotopes beyond proton
drip-line
T. Miyazaki,∗1,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2 E. Yu. Nikolskii,∗2,∗5 Y. Shiga,∗2,∗3 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2
Y. Satou,∗4 M. Kurokawa,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 G. Lorusso,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2 M. Niikura,∗1 E. A. Kuzmin,∗2,∗5
A. A. Korsheninnikov,∗2,∗5 A. A. Ogloblin,∗2,∗5 S. A. Krupko,∗6 M. S. Golovkov,∗6 A. A. Bezbakh,∗6
R. S. Slepnev,∗6 A. S. Fomichev,∗6 S. I. Sidorchuk,∗6 A. V. Gorshkov,∗6 A. G. Knyazev,∗6 P. Papka,∗7
H. J. Ong,∗8 S. Kim,∗4 J. W. Hwang,∗4 S. Choi,∗4 H. Chae,∗4 E. Kim,∗4 Y. H. Kim,∗4 D. Lubos,∗2,∗9
D. Beaumel,∗2,∗10 P. A. Söderström,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗11 S. Kubono,∗2 A. K. Perrevoort,∗2 E. Milman,∗2
S. Chebotaryov,∗2 W. Powell,∗2 T. Motobayashi,∗2 K. Yoneda,∗2 and H. Sakurai∗1,∗2
The 8 C nucleus is one of the most proton rich nuclei existing outside of the proton drip-line. While themass of the ground state and decay modes of 8 C1–4) has
been known, the energy and the spin-parity of the excited states have never been measured. Therefore, weinvestigated the excited states of 8 C by using missing
mass spectroscopy, which enabled us to search for theunbound nuclei 8 C unbiasedly with respect to threebody, four-body, and five-body decay4) .
The experiment was performed at the RIPS facility5)
in RIKEN. A 70 MeV/nucleon 12 C primary beam withan intensity of 200 pnA bombarded a 9 Be production
target with a thickness of 0.5 mm. A 50 MeV/nucleon
10
C secondary beam was produced via projectile fragmentation and distributed to a reaction chamber located downstream of the second achromatic plane (F3)of RIPS. Particle identification of the secondary beam
was carried out on event by event basis using the timeof flight and energy loss, which were measured by twoplastic scintillators placed at the first achromatic plane(F2) and F3 of RIPS. Two parallel plate avalanche
counters (PPACs)6) placed at F3 and double PPACs
in the reaction chamber were used to measure and adjust the beam position. We obtained the pure 10 C
beam with an intensity of about 2 × 105 Hz.
The secondary 10 C beam was injected into a cryogenic H2 gas target (CRYPTA)7) . Temperature andpressure of the H2 gas were kept around 30 K and 0.4
MPa, respectively. The H2 gas was sandwiched by two
10-µm-thick Havar8) foils. The diameter and thicknessof the target cell were 30 and 1 mm, respectively.
Recoil deuterons and tritons from the reaction weredetected by silicon detectors called a RIKEN telescope9) and a Dubna telescope, respectively. The
double-sided strip detector (DSSD) of the RIKEN tele-scope was installed at 120.5 mm downstream fromthe target. The Dubna telescope, which was installed downstream of the RIKEN telescope, consistedof 1-mm-thick DSSD and 16 trapezoid 25-mm-thickCsI(Tl) scintillators with photo-multiplier readouts.
The DSSD has 16 sectors in front and 16 rings at theback. The DSSD is circular with a 28 mm φ hole, andthe active radius ranges from 33 to 84 mm. The DSSD
was placed at 300 mm from the target, followed by
the CsI(Tl) scintillators at 5-mm intervals. The polar angular coverage of the Dubna telescope is about
3.0◦ ≤ θ ≤ 8.0◦ in a laboratory frame.
Four plastic scintillators were installed at 0 degree,downstream of Dubna telescope. The first two scintillators were used to stop the 10 C beam. They identified
Z = 4 and Z = 6 particles from the reactions. The following two scintillators were used as the stopper andseparator for lighter particles such as α particles andprotons produced by the reactions. Therefore, we selected these scintillators with thicknesses of 2, 5, 2, and
15 mm from upstream.
Trigger sources of the data acquisition were the
RIKEN telescope ⊗ beam, the Dubna telescope ⊗beam, and the down-scaled beam. Data were taken
for 31 hours under the condition with H2 gas, and 11
hours without H2 gas.
In the online analysis, the recoil deuterons and tritons detected by the Dubna telescope were well identified. From the energy information of these recoil particles, the excitation energy of 8 C and 9 C will be deduced by the missing mass method. A detailed analysis
is now in progress.
References
1) R. G. H. Robertson et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 32, 1207 (1974).
2) R. E. Tribble et al.: Phys. Rev. C 13, 1 (1976).
3) R. G. H. Robertson et al.: Phys. Rev. C 13, 3 (1976).
4) R. J. Charity et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82, 041304(R) (2010).
5) T. Kubo et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 70,∗1

Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗4 Department of Physics, Seoul National University∗5 National Research Centre ”Kurchatov Institute”∗6 Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions, Joint Institute for
Nuclear Research∗7 Department of Physics, Stellenbosch University∗8 Resarch Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University∗9 Technische Universität München∗10 Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay, IN2P3/CNRS∗11 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗2309 (1992).

6) H. Kumagai et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. B
317, 717 (2013).

7) H. Ryuto et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods. Phys. Res. A 555,
1 (2005).

8) http://www.goodfellow.com/E/Havar-High-Strength-NonMagnetic-Alloy-Foil.html

9) E. Yu. Nikolskii et al.: Phys. Rev. C 81, 064606 (2010)- 23 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Design of experiment for search of 10N resonances with resonant scattering of
9C off polarized proton
E. Milman,＊1,＊2 T. Teranishi,＊3 S. Chebotaryov,＊1,＊2 N. Imai,＊4 T. Kawahara,＊1 S. Sakaguchi,＊3
K. Tateishi,＊1 and T. Uesaka＊1
The 9C+p elastic resonant scattering has been proposed
for search of resonances in the unbound 10N nucleus whose
structure is almost unknown at present. Theoretically, four
low-lying 10N levels are expected as two very broad 2s1/2
and two very broad 1p1/2 proton single-particle resonances,each of which has a width much larger than 1 MeV. These
resonances overlap each other and may not be clearly
identifiable in the 9C+p excitation function. The level
information obtained in the experiment is useful for
discussing resonances in 10Li because 10N and 10Li aremirror partners that are expected to have similar structures.
The 10Li structure provides us with valuable information for
constructing the three-body model of the borromean 11Li
nucleus.
We proposed to measure analyzing power to resolvethese broad resonances1). The combined information of theexcitation function and an analyzing power spectrum will
enable us to impose more strict constraints on analysis of
the resonances.
The range of center-of-mass energy was set to 1–5 MeV
to cover the ground state of 10N, predicted at around 1.5
MeV, and several excited states (one experimentallyobserved at 2.6 MeV2)). For the measurement of analyzing
power and excitation function, we considered to adopt the
thick-target method in inverse kinematics (TTIK), where
the excitation function can be scanned with a single beamenergy utilizing the energy loss of the beam particle in thetarget.
We conducted LISE++ simulation to produce 9C beam on
RIPS with a low energy of 5 MeV/A. In the simulation,using a 12C primary beam with 70 MeV/A and 200 pnA, 3.5mm-thick Be target, and 583 mg/cm2-thick Al wedge
degrader at F1, beam intensity obtained at F2 was ∼3.5 ×
104 pps with a purity of >90%. RF deflector can be used toreduce the rate of contamination because the rate ofcontaminations such as 8B and 7Be is one order magnitudelarger than the simulated value in the proton rich side. We
also planned to replace Al wedges with (CH2)n wedges todecrease the multiple scattering effect.
Polarized target is required for the measurement ofanalyzing power. A polarized proton solid target for
low-energy beam experiments3) has been designed based on
existing system for intermediate energies4).

A single crystal of p-terphenyl doped with pentacenemolecules with a concentration of 0.05 mol% was chosen as
the target material, which allows us to operate the target invacuum environment at room temperature. Thickness of thetarget was chosen to be 110 μm to cover the range of thesecondary 9C beam. Strength of the magnetic field waschosen to be 0.2 T to maintain the polarization, and thisdoes not severely affect the particle trajectory. The
estimated polarization was 15% at this magnetic field.
Production and polarization of thin films (7 μm) haverecently been realized at Osaka University5), where the sizeof the grown single crystal was 3 × 4 mm2. However,production of large sized single crystals, with a desired
diameter of 2 cm, remains a challenge. We designed atechnique to grow a crystal between two thin films.
We consider use of silicon detector for detection of
protons with energies of 3–18 MeV. Each telescope consistsof one 65 μm-thick double sided silicon detector (DSSD)
and two 1.5 mm-thick DSSDs with a detection area of 50
mm × 50 mm. Two telescopes are planned to be placed atboth left and right sides of the beam line at a laboratory
angle of ±22.5◦, where the vector analyzing power is
expected to have large absolute values. We plan to place
another telescope at 0◦. The distance between the target andthe telescopes is 250 mm.
TTIK method allows us to archive an ECM resolution of
approximately 76 keV with a proton energy resolution of
120 keV.
��� �

1
��1
�� �����������������1��� ��� �� �

Equation 1 shows dependence of ECM on recoil protonenergy, where A= 9 for 9C and θp is proton scattering angle
in laboratory frame.
In conclusion, we proposed the first low energy RI
experiment with polarized proton target. RIKEN polarized
proton target has been redesigned for use with low energy
RI beam. We plan to construct the target in the next fiscal
year.
References
1)

2)
3)

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University＊3
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
＊4
KEK
＊1

4)

＊2

5)

- 24 -

T. Teranishi, S. Sakaguchi, T. Uesaka et al., AIP Conf. Proc.
1525, 552 (2013).
A. L é pine-Szily et al., Phys. Rev. C 65, 054318 (2002).
S. Sakaguchi et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods inPhysics Research B 317, 679-684 (2013)
T. Uesaka et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research A 526, 186 (2004).
K. Tateishi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 084005 (2013).

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of alpha elastic scattering on 15 O
A. Kim,∗1 K. Y. Chae,∗1 M. S. Gwak,∗1 S. M. Cha,∗1 S. H. Choi,∗2 Y. H. Kim,∗2 H. W. Chae,∗2 K. I. Hahn,∗3
D. H. Kim,∗3 G. W. Kim,∗3 S. Y. Han,∗3 P. S. Lee,∗4 J. Y. Moon,∗5 H. Yamaguchi,∗6 D. Kahl,∗6 and T. Nakao∗6
The measurement of alpha elastic scattering on 15 O
for studying the resonance states of 19 Ne was performed by using the CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beamseparator) at the Center for Nuclear Study, Universityof Tokyo. Alpha-cluster structures have been an interesting subjects of study. Several investigations ofalpha-cluster structures have been conducted on 4N
nuclei such as 8 Be, 12 C, 16 O, and 20 Ne.1–3) In the caseof 19 Ne, because the system of nuclei can be regarded
as 20 Ne plus one hole, weakly coupled states of thealpha and hole have been studied theoretically in the
low-excitation energy region, but limited experimental
data are available, till date. Therefore, experimental
study of alpha elastic scattering on 15 O is very crucial
for understanding how alpha clustering is manifested
in proton-rich nuclei. Unknown alpha-cluster statesof 19 Ne from 1− and 3− members (Kπ = 0− clusterband of 20 Ne) as well as 4+ and 6+ members (Kπ =0+ cluster band of 20 Ne) can be identiﬁed by performing alpha elastic scattering on 15 O. Because the studyof alpha cluster states of 19 Ne has been carried out
theoretically, this experimental result can be used to
conﬁrm the alpha-cluster structure of Z>N nuclei of
Ne isotopes.4,5)
Moreover, astrophysically, the 18 F(p, α)15 O reaction
is very important because the amount of 18 F produced
in a nova depends sensitively on the reaction ratesof 18 F(p, α)15 O and 18 F(p, γ)19 Ne.6) To date, experimental studies using 18 F beams as well as theoreticalworks have been reported competitively. However, resonance parameters of relevant states above the proton
threshold at Ex = 6.411 MeV have not been conﬁrmed
and remain controversial.7–9) Therefore, if the resonance properties of 19 Ne using 15 O(α, p)18 F are studied, which is a time reverse reaction of 18 F(p, α)15 O, we
can expect better results because the 15 O + α threshold energy is only 3.53 MeV(Ex of 19 Ne).
In this study, the 15 O(α, α)15 O reaction was measured in the energy range Ec.m. = 1.5 − 7.1 MeV,
which corresponds to Ex = 5.0 − 10.6 MeV of 19 Ne.
The primary beam, 15 N (7.0 MeV/u, 0.6 pµA), wastransported from the AVF cyclotron and impinged
on a hydrogen gas target with a thickness of 1.09
mg/cm2 . The secondary beam, 15 O, was obtained by
the p(15 N,n)15 O reaction. Fig. 1 shows beam identiﬁcation for 15 O and other contaminations on the F2
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

Fig. 1. Secondary beam identification on the F2 focal
plane.

focal plane. The main contamination of the secondary
beam was 15 N, the primary beam. 15 O beams of 6×105
counts/s were collected at the F3 chamber which contains He gas and a Si telescope and the beams were 96% pure after passing through a Wien ﬁlter. The energy of the 15 O beam was 34 MeV after the entrance
window (Mylar 25 µm-thick) of the F3 chamber.
For inducing alpha elastic scattering, we ﬁlled He gas
directly in the F3 chamber without a special gas cell.
We installed the one-set telescope of consisting two Si
layers (20 µm-thick and 480 µm-thick, respectively)
at zero degrees; it was located at a distance of 200
mm from the entrance window of the chamber and thepressure of 4 He gas was 760 Torr at room temperature,
which is equivalent to that for an eﬀective thickness of
3.33 mg/cm2 . The data are currently being analyzed.
References
1) K. Ikeda et al.: Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 68, 1 (1986)
2) H. Horiuch et al.: Suppl. Prog. Theor. Phys. 192, 1(2012)
3) M. Freer : Rep. Prog. Phys. 70, 2149 (2007)
4) F. Nemoto and H. Bando: Prog. Theor. Phys. 47,
1210(1972)
5) T. Sakuda and F. Nemoto: Prog. Theor. Phys. 62, 1274
(1979)
6) M. Hernanz et al.: Astrophys. J. 526, L97 (1999)
7) D. W. Bardayan et al.: Phys. Rev. C 70, 015804 (2004)
8) H. Fortune et al.: Phys. Rev. C 73, 024302 (2006)
9) A. St. J. Murphy et al.: Phys. Rev. C 79, 058801 (2009)

Department of Physics, Sung-Kyun-Kwan University
Department of Physics, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Ewha Womans University
Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University
RISP, Institute for Basic Science
Center for Nuclear Science, University of Tokyo- 25 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of unbound oxygen isotopes 25 O and 26 O using SAMURAIY. Kondo,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗1,∗2 N. L. Achouri,∗3 T. Aumann,∗4 H. Baba,∗2 F. Delaunay,∗3 P. Doornenbal,∗2
N. Fukuda,∗2 J. Gibelin,∗3 J. W. Hwang,∗5 N. Inabe,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2 D. Kameda,∗2 D. Kanno,∗1,∗2 S. Kim,∗5
N. Kobayashi,∗1,∗2 T. Kobayashi,∗6,∗2 T. Kubo,∗2 S. Leblond,∗3 J. Lee,∗2 F. M. Marqués,∗3 R. Minakata,∗1,∗2
T. Motobayashi,∗2 D. Murai,∗7 T. Murakami,∗8 K. Muto,∗6 N. Nakatsuka,∗8 T. Nakashima,∗1,∗2 A. Navin,∗9
S. Nishi,∗1,∗2 S. Ogoshi,∗1,∗2 N. A. Orr,∗3 H. Otsu,∗2 H. Sato,∗2 Y. Satou,∗5 Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2
K. Takahashi,∗6 H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 R. Tanaka,∗1,∗2 Y. Togano,∗10,∗13 A. G. Tuff,∗11
M. Vandebrouck,∗12 and K. Yoneda∗2
Unbound states of the neutron-rich oxygen isotopes
O and 26 O have been studied by the invariant-mass
method by using SAMURAI1) with the aim to elucidate the mechanism of the neutron drip line anomalyin oxygen and fluorine isotopes. Another interesting
topic is the possible two-neutron radioactivity of the26
O ground state, predicted by a theoretical study.2)
Experimentally, only the upper limit of the groundstate energy3,4) and lifetime with a large error5) arecurrently available.
Details of the experimental setup are described in
our previous report.6) Figure 1 shows a mass identification plot of outgoing Z = 8 charged particles observed in the breakup of 27 F on a carbon target. Particle identification is performed by the Bρ-∆E-TOF
technique. The magnetic rigidity Bρ is determinedby the positions and angles at the entrance and exitof the SAMURAI magnet measured by means of the
MWDCs (BDC1,2 and FDC1,2). Combining the Bρ
value with energy loss ∆E and TOF measured by aplastic scintillator hodoscope (HODF), outgoing particles can be clearly identified. The mass resolution∆A = 0.18 (FWHM), corresponding to 13σ separation, is achieved for 24 O.
Figure 2 shows a preliminary decay energy spectrumof 24 O+n observed in the breakup of 27 F. The sharp
peak near the neutron decay threshold corresponds tothe 26 O ground state and the peak at approximately
0.8 MeV corresponds to the ground-state resonance of25
O. Since the obtained statistics is much larger thanthat obtained in the previous experiments,3,4) a better constraint on the 26 O ground-state energy can beobtained. Analysis is currently in progress.

25

Fig. 1. Mass spectrum of outgoing Z = 8 particles in the
breakup of 27 F.

Fig. 2. Decay energy spectrum of 24 O+n in the breakup of
27
F.

∗1

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 LPC-Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3∗4 Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt∗5 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Departiment of Physics, Rikkyo University∗8 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗9 GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3∗10 ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI) and Research Division,
GSI∗11 Department of Physics, University of York∗12 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud,
IN2P3-CNRS∗13 Present address:Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute ofTechnology∗2

References
1) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B. 317, 294(2013).
2) L. V. Grigorenko et al.: Phys. Rev. C. 84, 021303(2011).
3) E. Lunderberg et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 142503(2012).
4) C. Caesar et al.: Phys. Rev. C. 88, 034313 (2013).
5) Z. Kohly et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 152501 (2013).
6) Y. Kondo et al.: RIKEN. Prog. Accel. Rep. 46, 6(2013).

- 26 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Two-neutron removal reaction from 22 C†
N. Kobayashi,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗1 J. A. Tostevin,∗1,∗3 Y. Kondo,∗1 N. Aoi,∗4 H. Baba,∗4 S. Deguchi,∗1
J. Gibelin,∗5 M. Ishihara,∗4 Y. Kawada,∗1 T. Kubo,∗4 T. Motobayashi,∗4 T. Ohnishi,∗4 N. A. Orr,∗5 H. Otsu,∗4
H. Sakurai,∗4 Y. Satou,∗6 E. C. Simpson,∗3 T. Sumikama,∗7 H. Takeda,∗4 S. Takechi,∗4 S. Takeuchi,∗4
K. N. Tanaka,∗2 N. Tanaka,∗2 Y. Togano,∗4 and K. Yoneda∗4
We report the ﬁrst measurement of the two-neutron
removal reaction from a 22 C secondary beam at around
240 MeV/nucleon. The experiment was performed at
the RI beam factory in 2009, as detailed in Ref.1) . The
extracted quantities are the inclusive cross section of
22
C and the momentum distribution for the charged
residues of 20 C. 22 C is known to be the most neutronrich bound nucleus among C isotopes, whereas 21 C isparticle unbound. Hence, 22 C is pictured as a threebody (20 C + n + n) Borromean system, which may
be useful in deriving the two-neutron halo formationin 22 C.
There is little knowledge about 22 C. Until Gaudefroy et al. performed the mass measurement of 22 C
(i.e., S2n (22 C) = −0.14(46) MeV),2) its experimental
mass was never known. Hence, we followed the 2003
mass evaluation,3) in which the two-neutron separationenergy was 0.42(94) MeV. The ground state of 21 C wasassumed to be produced at a continuum energy of ε∗= 0.30 MeV after neutron removal with a ground-state
separation energy S1n (22 C) of 0.70 MeV.
Based on the shell model with the WBP eﬀective
interaction4) in a psd-model space truncated to allow 0h̄ω and 1h̄ω excitations, three ﬁnal states of 21 C
are predicted below the 20 C ﬁrst neutron thresholdof 2.90 MeV. These states are a 1/2+
1 ground statewith C 2 S = 1.4, a 5/2+
state
at
E
=
1.11 MeV withx
1
C 2 S = 4.2, and a 3/2+
state
at
E
=
2.19
MeV withx
1
C 2 S = 0.34. Using these C 2 Ss and an eikonal reaction
model,5,6) the theoretical inclusive cross section is calculated to be 283 mb, which is in agreement with theexperimental cross section of 266(19) mb.
The measured and theoretical inclusive 20 C parallel momentum distributions (convoluted with the experimental resolution of 27 MeV/c) are compared inFig. 1. The theoretical distribution (solid curve) corresponds to the inclusive (unbound) 21 C momentum
distribution, which is calculated as the weighted sumof the momentum distributions to the individual ﬁnal
states. Prior to this sum being calculated, the neu†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Fig. 1. Comparison of measured and theoretical inclusive
parallel momentum distributions of 20 C, following twoneutron removal from 22 C on a carbon target at 240
MeV/nucleon. See the text for a description of thecurves.

tron emission recoil broadening for the 20 C residue isincluded for each ﬁnal state according to its ε∗ value,i.e., ε∗ = Ex + 0.30 MeV. The dashed (dot-dashed)
curve shows the contribution of knockout via the 1/2+
1
21
(5/2+
C. Each of two states contributes al1 ) state of
most half of the inclusive one-neutron removal crosssection. The theoretical calculation is in good agreement with the experimental distribution, providing
strong support for the weakly bound ν2s1/2 characterfor the 22 C ground state. This result is consistent withthe result of the recent interaction-cross-section measurement and associated analysis presented in Ref.7) ,which is suggestive of an extended 22 C matter density.
References
1) N. Kobayashi et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 054604 (2012)
and references therein.
2) L. Gaudefroy et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 202503(2012).
3) G. Audi, A. H. Wapstra, and C. Thibault, Nucl. Phys.
A729, 337 (2003).
4) E. K. Warburton and B. A. Brown, Phys. Rec. C 46,
923 (1992).
5) P. G. Hansen and J. A. Tostevin, Annu. Rev. Nucl. Part.
Sci. 53, 219 (2003) and references therein.
6) E. C. Simpson and J. A. Tostevin, Phys. Rev. C 79,
024616 (2009).
7) K. Tanaka et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 062701 (2010).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C. 86, 054604(2012)1) .
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Present address: Department of Physics, University ofTokyo
Department of Physics, University of Surrey
RIKEN Nishina Center,
LPC-Caen, ENSICAEN, IN2P3-CNRS, Université de Caen
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science- 27 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

One-neutron knockout reaction of 17 C on a hydrogen target at 70
MeV/nucleon†
Y. Satou,∗1 J.W. Hwang,∗1 S. Kim,∗1 K. Tshoo,∗1 S. Choi,∗1 T. Nakamura,∗2 Y. Kondo,∗2 N. Matsui,∗2
Y. Hashimoto,∗2 T. Nakabayashi,∗2 T. Okumura,∗2 M. Shinohara,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗3 T. Sugimoto,∗3 H. Otsu,∗3
Y. Togano,∗3 T. Motobayashi,∗3 H. Sakurai,∗3 Y. Yanagisawa,∗3 N. Aoi,∗3 S. Takeuchi,∗3 T. Gomi,∗3
M. Ishihara,∗3 S. Kawai,∗4 H.J. Ong,∗5 T.K. Onishi,∗5 S. Shimoura,∗6 M. Tamaki,∗6 T. Kobayashi,∗7
Y. Matsuda,∗7 N. Endo,∗7 and M. Kitayama∗7
Much of our knowledge on the quantum nature of
atomic nuclei comes from the studies of nuclear reactions. Among the various collision processes, thenucleon knockout reaction is recognized as one of themost sensitive tools for spectroscopy, especially of unstable nuclei. The knockout residue produced by removing a nucleon from a fast-moving beam particle iseﬃciently observed in inverse kinematics by a detector placed in the forward hemisphere. The removed
nucleon(s) will be selected democratically from thevalence space, allowing the states with unique, often
rarely accessible, conﬁgurations to be populated in thisprocess. The ﬁnal state in the residue is identiﬁed bytagging de-excitation γ rays and by observing decay
neutrons and constructing the invariant mass. For onenucleon knockout case, the momentum spread of theresidue reﬂects the Fermi motion of the nucleon suddenly removed, and is sensitive to its orbital angularmomentum (the l value). The cross sections leading
to the individual ﬁnal states relate to the occupancy
of single-particle orbits, providing a link to understandthe details of the nuclear structure.
This study aims at exploring the unbound states in16
C through an application of the one-neutron knockout technique to a 17 C beam. This is done by focusing
on searching the lowest-lying cross-shell transitions,whose location reﬂects the shell gap between the p andsd orbits. The experiment was performed at the RIPS
facility of RIKEN using the setup given in Refs.1,2) .
The 17 C beam was produced from a 110-MeV/nucleon
22
Ne beam, which impinged on a Be target. The secondary target was pure liquid hydrogen contained ina cylindrical cell. The average energy of 17 C at the
middle of the target was 70 MeV/nucleon. The target
was surrounded by a NaI(Tl) scintillator array. The
fragment was bent by a dipole magnet behind the target, and was detected by a plastic counter hodoscope.
The neutrons were detected by plastic scintillator arrays placed ∼5 m downstream from the target. The
†

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

Fig. 1. Relative energy spectra for the (a) 1 H(17 C,15 C+n)and (b) 1 H(17 C,15 C(5/2+ ; 0.74 MeV)+n) reactions.

relative energy (Erel ) of the ﬁnal system was calculated
from the momentum vectors of the charged fragment
and the neutron.
Fig. 1 shows the Erel spectra for the (a)1
H(17 C,15 C+n) and (b) 1 H(17 C,15 C(5/2+ ; 0.74 MeV)+n)reactions. Shown in the inset of Fig. 1 (b) is the energy spectrum for γ rays emitted from 15 C. Fig. 1 (a)was used in a ﬁtting analysis to extract the resonanceparameters.
Two new states at 5.45(1) and 6.28(2) MeV were
populated together with a known state at 6.11 MeV.
For the 5.45-MeV state, an attempt was made to deduce the l value of the knocked-out neutron from thep|| distribution associated with the unbound residue.
This, together with a comparison in terms of the measured and calculated knockout cross sections, has led toa spin-parity assignment of 2− for this state. Possible
spins and parities have been suggested for the otherstates, bringing about an advanced understanding of
the level scheme of 16 C. The energy of the ﬁrst 2−
state was adequately reproduced by the standard shellmodel calculation using the WBT interaction without
invoking modiﬁcations to the residual interaction.

Condensed from the article in Phys. Lett. B 728, 462 (2014)
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Tohoku University

References
1) Y. Satou, et al.: Phys. Lett. B 660, 320 (2008).
2) K. Tshoo, et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 022501 (2012).

- 28 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Invariant mass spectroscopy of 17C at SAMURAI
S. Kim,∗1,∗2 Y. Satou,∗1 J.W. Hwang,∗1,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗2,∗3 N. A. Orr,∗4 Y. Kondo,∗2,∗3 J. Gibelin,∗4
N. Kobayashi,∗2,∗3 R. Tanaka,∗2,∗3 R. Minakata,∗2,∗3 S. Ogoshi,∗2,∗3 S. Nishi,∗2,∗3 D. Kanno,∗2,∗3
T. Nakashima,∗2,∗3 N. L. Achouri,∗4 T. Aumann,∗5 H. Baba,∗2 F. Delaunay,∗4 P. Doornenbal,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗2
N. Inabe,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2 D. Kameda,∗2 T. Kobayashi,∗6,∗2 T. Kubo,∗2 S. Leblond,∗4 J. Lee,∗2 F. M. Marqués,∗4
T. Motobayashi,∗2 D. Murai,∗7 T. Murakami,∗8 K. Muto,∗6 N. Nakatsuka,∗8 A. Navin,∗9 H. Otsu,∗2 H. Sato,∗2
Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2 K. Takahashi,∗6 H. Takeda,∗2 S. Takeuchi,∗2 Y. Togano,∗10,∗13 A. G. Tuff,∗11
M. Vandebrouck,∗12 and K. Yoneda∗2
Many properties of nuclei away from the β-stabilityline are important to better understand nuclear processes that control stellar nucleosynthesis and energybalance. These nuclei often exhibit exotic structures.
For example, the appearance of anomalous parity intruder states at a low excitation energy region provides
evidence for the shell-gap quenching and/or large nuclear deformation.
The present study focuses on low-lying negative parity states in 17 C above the neutron decay threshold.
Two β-delayed neutron emission measurements of 17 B
have reported such states: Raimann et al.1) indicatedstates at 2.25(2), 2.64(2), 3.82(5), and 1.18(1) MeV
with no definite spin-parity (J π ) assignment. Achieving higher sensitivity for the β-n-γ coincidence yield,
Ueno et al.2) was successful to locate states at 2.71(2),3.93(2), and 4.05(2) MeV with the suggested J π valuesof 1/2−, 3/2− , and (5/2− ), respectively. This study
aimed to populate these states and to examine theirproperties by the one-neutron knockout reaction of anenergetic beam.
The measurement was performed using the SAMURAI spectrometer3) during the first physics run of
the apparatus. A beam of 18 C at approximately 250
MeV/nucleon provided by BigRIPS at RIBF impinged
on a carbon target with a thickness of 1.8 g/cm2 . The
unbound states in 17 C produced by the one-neutron removal processes subsequently decayed into a 16 C fragment and a neutron. These decay products were detected in coincidence. There should be some background events by the neutrons arising from the oneneutron removal processes; however, such backgroundis expected to be relatively featureless and would not

dσ/dE (mb/MeV)

25

20

15

10

5

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

Relative Energy (MeV)

Fig. 1. Preliminary relative energy spectrum of the 16 C +n
unbound system.

affect the resonance. The momentum vector of the 16 C
fragment was determined by (1) position informationin the two drift chambers (FDCs) placed at the entrance and exit of the SAMURAI dipole magnet and(2) energy loss and timing information in the plastic
scintillator hodoscope (HODF). The momentum vector of the neutron was determined using the position
and timing information in the plastic scintillator neutron hodoscope (NEBULA). The energy spectrum of
17
C was reconstructed using the invariant mass method
involving the momentum vectors of the fragment andneutron.
A preliminary relative energy spectrum for the 16 C
+ n system is shown in Fig.1. A clear peak structure
was observed at 2 MeV in relative energy, which corresponds to the excitation energy of Ex = 2.7 MeV. This
energy is close to the energy of the first 1/2− state at
Ex = 2.71(2) MeV reported in Ueno et al.2) . To examine the identity of these two states, an analysis isbeing carried out (1) to compare the populating crosssection with the theoretical value based on the corresponding shell-model spectroscopic factor together
with the Glauber model and (2) to extract the orbital
angular momentum of the knocked-out neutron fromthe parallel momentum distribution. A search for theother reported states will also be performed.

∗1

Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University∗2 RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗4 LPC-Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3∗5 Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗8 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗9 GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3∗10 ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI) and Research Division,
GSI∗11 Department of Physics, University of York∗12 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud,
IN2P3-CNRS∗13 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology

References
1) G. Raimann et al.: Phys. Rev. C 53, 453 (1996).
2) H. Ueno et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87, 034316 (2013).
3) K. Yoneda et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, i (2012).

- 29 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Structure of 18 B
S. Leblond,∗1 S. Ogoshi,∗2 R. Minakata,∗2 J. Gibelin,∗1 F. M. Marqués,∗1 N. A. Orr,∗1 Y. Kondo,∗2
T. Nakamura,∗2 R. Tanaka,∗2 N. L. Achouri,∗1 T. Aumann,∗3 H. Baba,∗4 F. Delaunay,∗1 P. Doornenbal,∗4
N. Fukuda,∗4 J. W. Hwang,∗5 N. Inabe,∗4 T. Isobe,∗4 D. Kameda,∗4 D. Kanno,∗2 S. Kim,∗5 N. Kobayashi,∗2
T. Kobayashi,∗6 T. Kubo,∗4 J. Lee,∗4 T. Motobayashi,∗4 D. Murai,∗7 T. Murakami,∗8 K. Muto,∗6
T. Nakashima,∗2 N. Nakatsuka,∗8 A. Navin,∗9 S. Nishi,∗2 H. Otsu,∗4 H. Sato,∗4 Y. Satou,∗5 Y. Shimizu,∗4
H. Suzuki,∗4 K. Takahashi,∗6 H. Takeda,∗4 S. Takeuchi,∗4 Y. Togano,∗10 A. G. Tuff,∗11 M. Vandebrouck,∗12
K. Yoneda∗4

Counts

The investigation of the light neutron-rich dripline
nuclei, including in particular those exhibiting halos,
is a central theme of nuclear structure physics. In thepresent work a series of measurements, aimed at elucidating the structure of the two heaviest candidate
two-neutron halo systems, 19 B and 22 C1–3) , and theassociated unbound sub-systems 18 B and 21 C, the level
schemes of which are critical to the defining the 17 Bn and 20 C-n interactions for three-body models, havebeen undertaken. In addition to being of direct importance to halo physics, 18,19 B and 21,22 C are of considerable interest in terms of the evolution of shell-structure
far from stability as they span the N=14 and 16 subshell closures below doubly-magic 22,24 O.
The measurements were accomplished using the
SAMURAI spectrometer4) coupled to the large area
neutron array NEBULA5) and were performed as partof the first phase of SAMURAI experiments. The analysis to date has concentrated on the fragment+neutron
channels and, in particular, 17 B+n which is known to
exhibit a strongly interacting virtual s-wave thresholdstate6) . Beyond the intrinsic physics interest noted
above, a well defined threshold state provides an idealmeans to validate the calibration and analysis procedures.
In addition to populating 18 B via proton removalfrom 19 C (which should populate almost exclusively swave strength), the complementary probe of neutron
removal from a 19 B beam has been investigated. Figure 1 shows the reconstructed 17 B+n invariant mass(or relative energy) spectra for the two reactions. As
may be clearly seen the proton removal populates avery narrow threshold structure, the form of which isconsistent with the s-wave virtual state deduced by

C(19B,17B+n)

1500
1000
500
0
4000

C(19C,17B+n)

3000
2000
1000
0

0

1

2

3

Relative energy (MeV)

Fig. 1. Preliminary results for the 17 B+n relative energy
spectra obtained for proton and neutron removal reactions at 240 MeV/nucleon.

Spyrou et al.6) . The neutron removal, however, in addition to the threshold peak shows clear evidence forthe population of a state or states in the region of 0.5–
1 MeV.
The further analysis of these preliminary results iscurrently underway as are the data sets for the analogue reactions populating 21 C.
The research descibed here forms part of the thesis work of S. Leblond who acknowledges the support
provided in terms of a 6 month RIKEN Nishina Center
IPA fellowship in 2013.

LPC-Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗3 Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt∗4 RIKEN Nishina Center∗5 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University∗6 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗7 Departiment of Physics, Rikkyo University∗8 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗9 GANIL, CEA/DSM-CNRS/IN2P3∗10 ExtreMe Matter Institute (EMMI) and Research Division,
GSI∗11 Department of Physics, University of York∗12 Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud,
IN2P3-CNRS, Orsay∗1∗2

References
1) K. Tanaka et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 062701 (2010).
2) N. Kobayashi et al.: Phys. Rev. C83, 054604 (2012).
3) L. Gaudefroy et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 20503(2012).
4) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).
5) Y. Kondo et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 131(2012); http://be.nucl.ap.titech.ac.jp/~nebula
6) A. Spyrou et al.: Phys. Lett. B 683, 129 (2010).

- 30 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Energy dependence of π − diﬀerential cross section in 28 Si + In withbeam energies of 400, 600, and 800
M. Sako,∗1∗2 T. Murakami,∗2 Y. Ichikawa,∗2 K. Ieki,∗4 Y. Ikeda,∗4 S. Imajo,∗2 T. Isobe,∗1 S. Ebesu,∗2
M. Matsushita,∗6 J. Murata,∗4 Y. Nakai,∗1 S. Nishimura,∗1 M. Nitta,∗4 H. Sakurai,∗1∗6 R. Sameshima,∗2
E. Takada,∗3 and K. Yoshinaga∗5

×103

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

1/p • d 2σ /dEd Ω (mb/sr/GeV2)

Information on the nuclear equation of state (EoS)
within a broad density range is important for understanding the physics of neutron stars. However, theisospin-dependent term in EoS, i.e., the density dependence of the symmetry energy Esym (ρ) has a large
model dependence in the supra-normal density region(ρ > ρ0 , the saturation density ρ0 ∼= 0.16f m−3 ).
As a result, the relationship between the radius andthe mass of a neutron star cannot be reliably calculated. According to a transport model calculation(IBUU04),1) detailed studies of the pion yield ratio,Y(π − )/Y(π + ), in central nucleus-nucleus collisions atintermediate energies can be conducted to obtain signiﬁcant constraints on Esym (ρ) in the supra-normal
density region.
The IBUU04 predicts that the beam energy dependence of the pion yield ratio is strongly related to the
behavior of Esym (ρ) in the supra-normal density region.1) We performed a series of experiments using 400,
600, and 800 MeV/nucleon 28 Si beams accelerated at
the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC)
and an In target with a compact centrality ﬁlter anda pion range counter(RC)2) .
The π + events can be clearly identiﬁed by the+π → µ+ + νµ decay after they are stopped at theRC.3) The π − events were selected using ∆Ei -∆Ej (energy deposition at each layers of RC) correlations obtained experimentally for π + events, because in-ﬂight
energy depositions are same between the π + and π −events. However, a pionic atom, which is created by
the stopped π − and surrounding nuclei, decays various
particles and some of them hit the next counter. Next
we estimated a π − leak rate to the next counter.
The leak rate α at which the decayed particles hit
the next elements was estimated with CsI(129 Xe,π ± )X
experimental data at 90◦ for which, the statistics is
suﬃcient and the S/N ratio is large. We obtained atypical value of α, 10.83+0.81−0.59 (SYS) %. For obtaining
the production cross section of the π − , the reduction
rate by the decay in ﬂight, nuclear reaction, and multiple Coulomb scattering until the π − reaches the RC
from the production point was estimated using Geant4.
The Lorentz-invariant cross sections of the π − as

°

10

30°
45°
60°
75°
90 °
120

1

400 MeV/nucleon

101

600 MeV/nucleon

10
1

800 MeV/nucleon

0

50

100

150
E mid (MeV)

200

Fig. 1. Lorentz-invariant cross sections of the π − as afunction of kinematic energy in the mid-rapidity frame(Emid ) for In(28 Si,π ± )X reaction with 400(top part),
600(middle part) and 800(bottom part) MeV/nucleon
beam with statistical errors.

a function of the kinematic energy of the π − in a mid
rapidity frame Emid (the CM frame of NN) were shownat Figure 1. Further analysis of the π − and eﬀorts toﬁx the systematic uncertainties are in progress.
References
1) B. A. Li, G. C. Yong, and W. Zuo, Phys. Rev. C 71,
014608 (2005).
2) T. Murakami et al., Nucl. Phys. A 834, 593c (2010)(NN2009 proceedings).
3) M. Sako et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46,(2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto
Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, NIRS
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo- 31 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Study of symmetry energy using isospin diﬀusion process inheavy-ion collision at RIBF
N. Nakatsuka,∗1 R.H. Showalter,∗2 T. Isobe,∗3 J. Winkelbauer,∗2 T. Murakami,∗1 W.G. Lynch,∗2 B. Tsang,∗2
H. Sakurai,∗3 J. Lee,∗3 M. Nishimura,∗3 S. Nishimura,∗3 Y. Nakai,∗3 N. Fukuda,∗3 N. Inabe,∗3 D. Kameda,∗3
T. Kubo,∗3 H. Suzuki,∗3 H. Takeda,∗3 Y. Yanagisawa,∗3 S. Yennello,∗4 A.B. McIntosh,∗4 L. Heilborn,∗4
A. Zarrella,∗4 W. Powell,∗5 J. Sampson,∗5 J. Estee,∗2 L. Fei,∗6 G. Zhang,∗6 A. Chbihi,∗7 A. Galindo-Uribarri,∗8
E.P. Rodal,∗9 B. Hong,∗10 G. Jhang,∗10 W. Reviol,∗11 D.G. Sarantites,∗11 and L.G. Sobotka∗11
The nuclear equation of state (EoS) is an important
information that helps in understanding the astrophysical phenomena such as neutron stars and type-2 supernovae. The EoS shows highest uncertainty on a symmetry energy term, which is proportional to the squareof the isospin asymmetry. We strive to improve theremaining uncertainties of constraints on the density
dependence of the symmetry energy at subsaturation
densities, ρ/ρ0 ≈ 0.4-1 in the so called isospin-diﬀusion
process of heavy-ion collisions. The isospin diﬀusion
process has been observed in the experiments performed at NSCL/MSU using stable nuclear beams1) .
We performed the experiment to measure the isotopic
distribution of the projectile residues from the colli112
sion of cocktail beams, where the 107
49 In and the 50 Sn
124112
beams are on 50 Sn and 50 Sn targets at 70MeV/u
respectively. The particle identiﬁcation of projectile
residues is performed by the Bρ-∆E-TOF techniqueusing the ZeroDegree spectrometer. The Washington
University Microball2) was used to obtain the centrality information. We used Bρ settings of 2.41 and 2.52
T·m in order to avoid beam particles with any charge
states hitting the detectors at F11. The standard beam
tracking and timing detectors at F10 and F11 wereused for reconstructing the beam tracks through thespectrometer. Fig#1 shows a preliminary PID plotof Z versus A = Q for the 107 In on 124 Sn reaction.
Isotopes with Z=30-40 are clearly shown separated in
the ﬁgure. Fig#2 shows a preliminary plot of Z versus
multiplicity of the charged particles obtained by theMicroball. From the obvious correlation between themultiplicity and the size of the residue, we can determine the collision centrality with the help of a model
calculation. In the oﬄine analysis, we will select thedata in the ZeroDegree Spectrometer only from theperipheral events using obtained information from theMicroball. Then the measured yields of isotopes with
Z = 30 ∼ 40 will be compared with the theoretical predictions to extract a new constraint on the symmetryenergy at sub saturation densities.

Fig. 1. PID of heavy-ion collision residue performed using
ZeroDegree Spectrometer∗1

Department of Physics, Kyoto University
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University∗5 Department of Physics, University of Liverpool∗6 Chinese Academy of Sciences∗7 Physics Division, GANIL∗8 Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory∗9 Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Autonomous University of Mexico∗10 Department of Physics, Korea University∗11 Department of Chemistry, Washington University∗2

Fig. 2. Correlation between multiplicity and Z of residue
using Microball

References
1) M.B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92 (2004) 062701.
2) D.G.Sarantities et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys.Res., Sec. A 381 (1996) 418.

- 32 -

1

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Simulation study of neutron measurement using NEBULA
simulation package for SπRIT project
G. Jhang∗1,∗2 and T. Isobe∗2 for the SπRIT Collaboration
Neutron and proton emission is one of many reaction
observables that can be used to constrain the densitydependent nuclear symmetry energy1) , which is important to describe isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter.
In the SπRIT project, we plan to measure the n/p
ratio complementary to the t/3 He ratio measurementby making use of the TPC and the NEBULA array. In
order to investigate the response of the NEBULA array before the actual experiment, we are performing
a simulation with the NEBULA simulation package
v2.0.52) developed by Nakamura group at Tokyo Institute of Technology on the basis of GEANT4.9.2p02
and ROOT. We are using the Particle and Heavy Ion
Transport code System(PHITS)3) v2.60 as an event
generator to produce collision events with 132 Sn projectiles and 124 Sn targets. Detailed information on thephysics processes used can be found in the link of Ref.
4.

mary neutron signals as shown in Fig. 2, in order toobtain precise information on as many neutrons as possible. Such information can reveal whether we can distinguish one theoretical model from the others in theactual experiment.

Table 1. Information on generated events

Fig. 1. Number of neutrons in generated events and in accepted the range of the NEBULA arraybeam energy (AMeV)
200
300

neutron events
522,665
523,058

105

numNeutAccept_200

Entries
Mean
RMS

4

10

52266538.99
23.06

Entries
Mean
RMS

5226657.184
5.287

Entries
Mean
RMS

52305837.82
20.26

numNeutAccept_300

103

CountsnumNeut_300

523058 Entries
6.678 Mean
4.431 RMS

numNeut_200

102

300 AMeV
300 AMeV Accepted

10

200 AMeV
200 AMeV Accepted

1
0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Number of Neutrons

total events
100,000,000

detectedNToF_300

In the simulation setup, the NEBULA array isplaced 2 m away to the left side of the beam direction so that charged reaction particles having high pz
and beam remnants do not enter the array.
In the distribution of the number of neutrons foreach beam energy shown in Fig. 1, lines with “Accepted” in the legend indicate that most of the neutrons generated by the collision are going outside of
the acceptance range, and less than 40 neutrons enter
the array in our setup.
Figure 2 shows the momentum distribution of neutrons detected by the NEBULA array. The distribution of neutrons with the assumption of 100% detection eﬃciency(blue) is slightly diﬀerent from that obtained by taking the time of ﬂight of each neutron’sﬁrst hit(pink). The diﬀerence originates from the exclusion algorithms that excludes some number of scintillator bars near the ﬁrst detection. This result implies
that if we can distinguish the ﬁrst hit only from thesecondary, tertiary, and so on, we can measure mostneutrons’ momenta with precision. The red line shows
the added backgrounds, which should be eliminated toobtain the proper neutron information.
We are building an algorithm to eliminate the background noise, which is about 10 times larger than pri∗1∗2

Entries 8219436
Mean
660.3
RMS
229.2

104

CountsdetectedN_300

103

Entries 1144867
Mean
747.6
RMS
197.4

102

Entries 1052683
Mean
747.8
RMS
201.8

detectedNToF1_300

Neutron(ToF)
Neutron10

Neutron(ToF,1st)
1
0

200

400

600

800

1000

p (MeV/c)

1200

1400

1600

1800

Fig. 2. Momentum distribution of neutrons with beam energy. Blue line is the result with an assumption of 100%detection eﬃciency of the NEBULA array. Pink line is
the result with the time of ﬂight method for the primary
reaction. Red line shows the signal plus noise expected
in a real experiment without any cut parameter.

References
1) M. A. Famiano et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 052701,(2006).
2) NEBULA simulation package:
http://be.nucl.ap.titech.ac.jp/˜nebula/index.php
3) T. Sato et al.: J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50:9, pp. 913-923,(2013).
4) PHITS(Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System):
http://phits.jaea.go.jp/OvMapOfModels.html

Department of Physics, Korea University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 33 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 34,36,38Mg: Merging the N = 20 and
N = 28 shell quenching†
P. Doornenbal,∗1 H. Scheit,∗1,2 S. Takeuchi,∗1 N. Aoi,∗1 K. Li,∗1,2 M. Matsushita,∗1,3 D. Steppenbeck,∗1
H. Wang,∗1,2 H. Baba,∗1 H. Crawford,∗4 C.R. Hoffman,∗5 R. Hughes,∗6 E. Ideguchi,∗7 N. Kobayashi,∗8
Y. Kondo,∗8 J. Lee,∗1 S. Michimasa,∗7 T. Motobayashi,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗1 M. Takechi,∗1 Y. Togano,∗1
R. Winkler,∗9 and K. Yoneda∗1

†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

80

38

Mg
Mγ <4

60

656(6)

40

1360(20)

Counts / 25 keV

The neutron-rich 10 Ne, 11 Na, and 12 Mg isotopes arelocated within a region known as the “Island of Inversion” and form one of the most notable regions of sudden shell structure change. Abnormally high masses
were discovered for 31,32 Na, leading to the presumptionthat the νf7/2 orbitals intrude into the sd shell orbitals,
thereby quenching the N = 20 shell gap. Later theoretical works predicted, however, that not the entire
orbitals are inverted but ν(sd)−2 (f p)2 (2h̄ω) configurations are lowered so much in energy that they form
the ground states for 10 ≤ Z ≤ 12, 20 ≤ N ≤ 22 nuclei
instead.
The N = 28 magic number is originally formed by
the large νf5/2 –νf7/2 spin-orbit splitting but is also
known to vanish, as seen in the large deformation aris1,2)
ing for 42. Initially believed to be two isolated re14 Si
gions, we show in this letter that the N = 20, 28 shellquenching is interlinked via the neutron-rich magnesium isotopes, thereby forming a new connected large
area of deformation in the Segré chart.
Key information on the shape of a nucleus can beobtained for even-even nuclei from the energy of the++first excited 2+ state E(2+1 ), the first 4 state E(41 ),++and their E(41 )/E(21 ) ratio, R4/2 . Previous studies
revealed a low excitation energy of 660(6) keV for the36
2+
Mg and suggest that the “Island of In1 state inversion” stretches at least to neutron number N = 24
for the magnesium isotopes and thus beyond its originally proposed boundaries3) . In the present study,+
the experimental knowledge of the E(2+1 ) and E(41 )38
is extended to the N = 26 nucleus Mg via one- andtwo-proton removal reactions..
A primary beam of 48 Ca with an average intensityof 70 particle nA and an energy of 345 MeV/nucleon
was impinging on a 15 mm thick rotating Be target located at the BigRIPS fragment separator’s entrance. Secondary beams were selected and purified
via the Bρ − ∆E − Bρ method, and identified with

20
0
0

500

1000

1500
2000
Energy (keV)

Fig. 1. Doppler corrected γ-ray energy spectrum in coincidence with 38 Mg detected in BigRIPS and ZeroDegree.

the ∆E − Bρ − TOF method. The rate for 39 Al and40
Si isotopes transported through BigRIPS was 75 and3000 pps, respectively. The secondary beams were incident on a 2.54 g/cm2 thick carbon secondary target,
which was surrounded by the DALI2 spectrometer4) .
Reaction residues from the secondary target were identified by the ZeroDegree Spectrometer, applying again
the ∆E − Bρ − TOF method.
Two γ-ray transitions were observed in 38 Mg fromthe 1p and 2p knockout channels after correcting forthe Doppler shift, as shown in Fig. 1, which were+++
attributed to the 2+
1 → 0gs and the 41 → 21 de36
cays. In Mg, following a different reaction channel, asecond transition was observed and attributed to the+34
4+
Mg known values were
1 → 21 decays, while fordetermined with higher accuracy5). Almost constantR4/2 ratios of 3.14(5), 3.07(5), and 3.07(5) were obtained for 34,36,38 Mg at N = 22, 24, 26, close to theideal value of 3.33 for a rigid rotor. The values werein agreement with state-of-the art shell model calculations and suggested that the N = 20 and N = 28
shell quenching merge for the neutron-rich magnesium
isotopes.

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 212502(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Physics, Peking University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory
Department of Physics, University of Richmond
CNS, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
NSCL, Michigan State University

References
1) B. Bastin et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 022503 (2007).
2) S. Takeuchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 182501 (2012).
3) A. Gade et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 072502 (2007).
4) S. Takeuchi et al., RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 36, 148(2003).
5) K. Yoneda et al., Phys. Lett. B, 233 (2001).

- 34 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 80 Zn
Y. Shiga,∗1,∗2 K. Yoneda,∗1 D. Steppenbeck,∗1,∗3 N. Aoi,∗4 H. Baba,∗1 P. Bednarczyk,∗5 P. Doornenbal,∗1
Zs. Dombradi,∗6 Zs. Fulop,∗6 S. Go,∗1,∗3 T. Hashimoto,∗4 E. Ideguchi,∗1,∗3 K. Ieki,∗1,∗2 K. Kobayashi,∗1,∗2
Y. Kondo,∗1,∗7 J. Lee,∗1 H. Liu,∗1 M. Matushita,∗1,∗2 R. Minakata,∗1,∗6 T. Motobayashi,∗1 D. Nisimura,∗1
H. Otsu,∗1 H. Sakurai,∗1 D. Sohler,∗6 Y. Sun,∗8 A. Tamii,∗4 S. Takeuchi,∗1 R. Tanaka,∗1,∗7 Z. Tian,∗8
Zs. Vajta,∗6 H. Wang,∗1,∗8 T. Yamamoto,∗4 X. Yang,∗1 Z. Yang,∗8 Y. Ye,∗8 R. Yokoyama,∗1,∗3 and J. Zenihiro∗1
In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of nuclei in the vicinityof the doubly-magic nucleus 78 Ni was performed. In
recent studies, a drastic change of the shell structure
was elucidated for the neutron magic number N = 8,
20, and 28 in the regions far from stability The energy of the ﬁrst I π = 2+ state E(2+1 ), and the energy+++
ratio of the 4+
1 state to the 21 state E(41 )/E(21 ) ineven-even nuclei are of particular interest, since they
are sensitive to the evolution of the shell structure andnuclear deformation. In this study, the systematic energy trend of the low-lying states was investigated forthe chain of Zn isotopes 74,76,78,80, Zn which covers themagic number N = 50.
In order to produce RI beams around 80 Zn, a 238 U
primary beam with energy of 345A MeV was madeto impinge on a 925-mg/cm2 -thick beryllium target.
The fragments produced were separated and identiﬁed with the BigRIPS1) by the Bρ-∆E-ToF method
on an event-by-event basis. Then, the RI beams impinged on a 1889-mg/cm2 -thick beryllium target to
induce secondary reactions. The de-excitation γ-rays
emitted from reaction residues were observed by the
NaI(Tl) detector array DALI22) , which surrounded thesecondary target. The reaction residues were identiﬁedusing the ZeroDegree spectrometer. Figure 1 shows theparticle identiﬁcation plots for the incoming particles
obtained with the BigRIPS (left) and for the outgoingparticles obtained with the ZeroDegree spectrometer(right).
Figure 2 shows the Doppler-shift corrected γ-ray
energy spectrum obtained for the reaction channel
9
Be(81 Ga,80 Zn) with a restriction of a γ-ray multiplicity Mγ , being equal to 1. In the spectrum, ﬁve peaks
were observed. The peak at 1492(1) keV3) is for the+
known γ-ray transition corresponding to the 2+
1 → 0g.s.
decay, while the other four transitions are candidates
for new levels and are still under analysis for conﬁrmation. Further analysis is on-going to reconstruct thelevel scheme by γ-γ coincidence, and to identify thespins and parities of the states by the analysis of momentum distribution of the outgoing reaction residues.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Fig. 1. Particle identification by the BigRIPS (left) and the
ZeroDegree spectrometer (right). Plotted is the proton
number against the ratio of mass to charge A/Q.

Fig. 2. Doppler-corrected γ-ray energy spectrum for
9
Be(81 Ga,80 Zn) reaction with Mγ =1 condition. The
dotted curves are the response function with GEANT4
simulation. The solid curve corresponds to the fittingof five response functions with exponential backgroundtaken into account. The spectrum, expanded to around2500 keV, is also shown in the upper inlet.

References
1) T. Kubo et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C003 (2012).
2) S. Takeuchi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 41, 149(2008).
3) J. Van. de Walle et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 142501(2007).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RCNP, Osaka University
IFJ Pan
MTA Atomki
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
School of Physics, Peking University- 35 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Intermediate energy Coulomb excitation of 73,74,75 Ni
A. Gottardo,∗1 G. de Angelis,∗1 P. Doornenbal,∗2 G. Benzoni,∗3 J. Lee,∗2 H. Liu,∗2 M. Matsushita,∗4
D. Mengoni,∗5 V. Modamio-Hoybjor,∗1 S. Momiyama,∗6 T. Motobayashi,∗2 D. Napoli,∗1 M. Niikura,∗6
E. Sahin,∗7 Y. Shiga,∗2,∗8 H. Sakurai,∗2,∗6 R. Taniuchi, ∗6 S. Takeuchi,∗2 H. Wang,∗2,∗12 J.J. Valiente-Dobòn,∗1
R. Avigo,∗3,∗11 H. Baba,∗2 N. Blasi,∗3 F.L. Bello Garrote,∗7 F. Browne,∗2,∗10 F.C.L. Crespi,∗3,∗11 S. Ceruti,∗3,∗11
R. Daido,∗12 M.-C. Delattre,∗13 D. Fang,∗12 Zs. Dombradi,∗14 T. Isobe,∗2 I. Kuti,∗14 G. Lorusso,∗2 K. Matsui,∗6
B. Melon,∗15 T. Miyazaki,∗6 S. Nishimura,∗2 R. Orlandi,∗16 Z. Patel,∗2,∗17 S. Rice,∗2,∗17 L. Sinclair,∗2,∗18
P.A. S¨oderstr¨om,∗2 D. Sohler,∗14 T. Sumikama,∗19 J. Taprogge,∗20,∗21 Zs. Vajta,∗14 H. Watanabe,∗2,∗22
O. Wieland,∗3 J. Wu,∗2,∗19 Z. Y. Xu,∗6 M. Yalcinkaya,∗23 R. Yokoyama∗4
Doubly magic nuclei located in very exotic regions of
the nuclear chart are key elements in nuclear structurestudies. The appearance or disappearance of the shellgaps associated with magic numbers in very exotic nuclei is strongly related to the single-particle energies ofnucleon orbitals and to the residual interactions among
valence nucleons. The 100 Sn and 78 Ni regions are fundamental in this regard and are the focus of the efforts of many research laboratories worldwide. From
the N=Z=50 100 Sn located at the proton drip line to
the neutron rich N=50 78 Ni with N/Z=1.78, it is currently possible to access the shell structure of theseisotones. This very large excursion in isospin also allows to magnify and probe the isovector part of thenuclear mean field. In particular, the tensor part ofthe spin-isospin term of the residual interaction has
been predicted to modify the single-particle structure,inducing a collective behavior in this region. For the
Ni isotopic chain, the filling up of the g9/2 neutron
orbit is expected to induce a strong core polarization
due to the spin-isospin interaction that enhances theB(E2:2+ → 0+ ), a measure of the quadrupole collectivity. We performed an intermediate energy Coulomb
excitation study of the 73,74,75 Ni isotopes, in order to
fix the seniority-scheme pattern of the B(E2) strength.
Neutron-rich Ni isotopes were produced by fission of aCounts / 25 keV

60
+

50

2

+

0

40
30
20
10
600

800

1000 1200 1400
Energy (keV)

1600

1800

Fig. 1. The γ-ray spectrum detected in DALI2 after selection on 74 Ni. The 2+ → 0+ transition at 1024 keV isclearly visible.

238

U beam on a 9 Be target at a bombarding energy of
345 MeV/u, with an average intensity of 10 pnA. The
resulting fragments were analyzed using the BigRIPS
separator2) and transported to a secondary natural Pb
target for Coulex reactions. After this target, the ionswere again analyzed in the ZeroDegree spectrometerand delivered down to the final focal plane. The γ
rays from Coulex have been detected by the DALI2
spectrometer3) in coincidence with the recoiling ions
identified at the focal plane of the ZeroDegree spectrometer. A preliminary γ spectrum, after selection
on 74 Ni ions, is shown in Fig. 1. The γ peak corresponding to the 2+ → 0+ de-excitation at 1024 keVof 74 Ni4,5) is clearly visible. Decay spectroscopy investigation6) with EURICA was performed at the final
focal plane in conjunction with the in-beam part.

∗1

LNL, INFNRIKEN, Nishina Center∗3 INFN sezione di Milano∗4 CNS, University of Tokyo∗5 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Padova∗6 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗7 Department of Physics, University of Oslo
∗8 Department of Physics, Rikkyo University∗9 Department of Physics, Peking University∗10 School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics,
Brighton University∗11 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universitá degli Studi di Milano∗12 Departement of Physics, Osaka University∗13 IPN Orsay∗14 MTA Atomki∗15 INFN sezione di Firenze∗16 Instituut voor Kern- en Stralings Fysica/K.U.
∗17 Department of Physics, University of Surrey∗18 Department of Physics, University of York
∗19 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗20 IEM, CSIC Madrid∗21 Department of Physics, Universidad Autònoma de Madrid∗22 Department of Physics, Beihang University∗23 Department of Physics, Istanbul University∗2

References
1) P.-A. Söderström et al.:, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys.
Res. Sect. B317, 649 (2013).
2) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B204,
97 (2003).
3) S. Takeuchi et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 36, 148(2003).
4) C. Mazzocchi et al.: Phys. Lett. B622, 45 (2005).
5) N. Aoi et al.: Phys. Lett. B692, 302 (2010).
6) G. Benzoni et al.: Riken annual report 2013.

- 36 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Zeeman resonance spectroscopy of 84−87 Rb in superfluid helium
X.F. Yang,∗1,∗2 T. Furukawa,∗1,∗3 T. Wakui,∗1,∗4 K. Imamura,∗1,∗5 T. Fujita,∗1,∗6 Y. Mitsuya,∗1,∗5
M. Hayasaka,∗1,∗7 Y. Ichikawa,∗1 Y. Ishibashi,∗1,∗9 H. Shirai,∗1,∗8 T. Suzuki,∗1,∗8 Y. Ebara,∗3 A. Hatakeyama,∗10
M. Wada,∗1 T. Sonoda,∗1 Y. Ito,∗1 T. Kobayashi,∗11 S. Nishimura,∗1 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗8
K. Yoneda,∗1 H. Ueno,∗1 T.Shinozuka,∗4 T. Shimoda,∗6 K. Asahi,∗1,∗8 and Y. Matsuo∗1,∗12
OROCHI is a newly developed laser spectroscopy
method for optical determination of nuclear spins andmoments of exotic radioisotopes (RIs)1) . It aims to
overcome several experimental limitations due to thelow yield of RIs and large contaminations in the production of RIs by taking advantages of the characteristic properties of atoms in superﬂuid helium (He II). Firstly, it utilizes condensed He II as the trapping
medium for the RI beam and the matrix of in situ
laser spectroscopy of trapped atoms. Subsequently, bymeasuring the hyperﬁne and Zeeman splitting energies
of atoms using optical pumping and laser microwave(MW)/radiofrequency (RF) double resonance method,
nuclear moments and spins of RIs can be determined.
Initial studies with the OROCHI method were concentrated in ﬁeld of the technological research and development with a considerable number of oﬀ-line experiments, which conﬁrmed the feasibility of the OROCHI
method1) . Recently, after extensive tests and calculations, the ﬁrst on-line experiments with the 84−87 Rb
beam have been successfully performed. In this experiment, the primary 85,87 Rb and secondary 84,86 Rb
beams produced from RIPS were precisely trapped in
He II. Optical pumping and Zeeman resonance (ZR)
for 84−87 Rb and the isomer state 84m Rb have been successfully observed.
Figure 1 shows the measured spectra for 84m,84−87
Rb isotopes, which are recorded by scanning the applied magnetic ﬁeld (B0 ) with a ﬁxed-frequency RF
ﬁeld. The corresponding beam for each spectrum andisotopes for each observed ZR are marked in Fig. 1.
Note that in the case of 86 Rb, to reduce the deformation of the observed spectra owing to beam instability,
the recording time for one cycle is changed to 1 s (10s for 84,85,87 Rb). The detailed measurement method
is explained in an early report2) . Conventionally, nuclear spin can be directly deduced from the resonancepeaks with the relation (for the ground state of an alkali atom) I = µBν B − 12 , where ν is the RF frequency
and B is the magnetic ﬁeld. In practice, the accuracy of the deduced nuclear spin is degraded by theresidual magnetic ﬁeld (BL ). The detailed information about how BL aﬀects the results can be foundin a recent article3) . In this work, to eliminate theeﬀects of BL , we used a combination relation of theBell-Bloom equation4) , which describes optical pumping in longitudinal (B∥ : B0 + BL∥ (parallel componentof BL )) and transverse magnetic ﬁelds (B⊥ : perpendicular component of BL ) (for details, see Yang et al.3) )and ILIF ∝ Natom (1 − Pz ) to ﬁt the peaks at B0 = 0,
while the ZR peaks are ﬁtted with the Lorentz function(red curve in Fig. 1).
From the ZR, after eliminating the eﬀect of BL , nuclear spins were deduced as 1.9(1) for the 84 Rb, 6.2(1)for 84m Rb, 2.5(1) for 85 Rb, 1.9(2) for 86 Rb, and 1.53(6)for 87 Rb. The inaccuracy of the B0 and the estimated
BL is supposed to be the main experimental error. In
addition, 3.3% of error arises from the ﬁeld inhomogeneity within the observation region and uncertainty of the observation region (1 mm). Taking all thefactors into account, the nuclear spins of 84m,84−87 Rb
were correctly deduced within the experimental error,
which are consistent with the literature values.
Consequently, we have successfully observed the ZR
spectra for 84−87 Rb isotopes and their nuclear spin canbe determined with a good accuracy, which directly
conﬁrms the feasibility of the OROCHI method. It
is worth emphasizing here that the measured spectra
were recorded in 30 minutes or less with a beam intensity of ∼104 pps. All the results suggest that, after
further being developed and improved, the OROCHI
method can be established as a promising method toprecisely measure nuclear spins and moments of various nuclear species near the drip line with a low yield.

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Physics, Peking University∗3 Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University∗4 Cyclotron Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University∗5 Department of Physics, Meiji University∗6 Department of Physics, Osaka University∗7 Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University∗8 Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗9 Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba∗10 Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology∗11 Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN∗12 Department of Advanced Science, Hosei University∗2

Fig. 1.: Zeeman resonance spectra for 84m,84−87 Rb.
References
1) T. Furukawa et al.: Hyp. Int. 196, 191 (2010).
2) T. Furukawa et al.: RIKEN. APR. 46, xi(2013).
3) X.F. Yang et al.: Hyp. Int. 227, 147 (2014)4) M. Arndt et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett 74, 1359(1995)- 37 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Study of high-spin states in 35 S
S. Go,∗1,∗3 E. Ideguchi,∗2 R. Yokoyama,∗3 M. Kobayashi,∗3 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗3 S. Michimasa,∗3 S. Shimoura,∗3
M. Niikura,∗4 A. Yagi,∗5 H. Nishibata,∗5 M. Sugawara,∗6 M. Koizumi,∗7 Y. Toh,∗7 T. Shizuma,∗7 A. Kimura,∗7
H. Harada,∗7 K. Furutaka,∗7 S. Nakamura,∗7 F. Kitatani,∗7 Y. Hatsukawa,∗7 D. Suzuki,∗8 I. Matea,∗8
D. Verney,∗8 and F. Azaiez∗8measured using the ORGAM array consisting of EUROGAM germanium detectors5) . A total of 13 detectors were installed at 5 diﬀerent angles. The energy
loss of charged particles from compound nuclei wasmeasured by Si-Ball6) , a 4π array of 11 silicon detectors of 170 µm in thickness.
In order to identify high-spin states of 35 S, thegamma–gamma coincidence analysis was performed.
For instance, the transitions reported in the previous study7) were observed by gating the de-excitation
gamma ray from the ﬁrst excited state at 1302 keV of
35
S (see Fig. 2). All possible energy gates were examined to construct the level scheme. Thus, an 1576-keV
E2 transition from the excited state at 8.8 MeV wasfound. The half-life was estimated to be less than afew hundred femto seconds due to the existence of theresidual Doppler shift of the transition8) . This means
the transition has high-collectivity and indicates superdeformed band member in 35 S. Further analysis isbeing carried out.

Superdeformed rotational bands in the mass 40 region have been discovered in 36 Ar,1) 40 Ar2) and 40 Ca3) .
The occurrence of the superdeformed structure in thisregion is related to the existence of large energy gapsthat are formed between the down-sloping f7/2 andthe up-sloping d3/2 and d5/2 orbitals, as can be seenin the Woods-Saxon single particle diagram in Fig. 1.
The diagram also indicates the superdeformed structure in sulfur isotopes since there is a large energy gap
at Z = 16. The spin-parity of the superdeformed band

[321]1/2

1f 7/2[312]5/2

-2

20

18

0

heads in odd-mass isotopes could give information
about the orbital that drives the superdeformed structure. Therefore, we performed the in-beam gammaray spectroscopy to search for superdeformed states in
35
S at the Tandem-ALTO facility, Institut de physique
Nucléaire d’Orsay.
High-spin states of 35 S were produced by the fusion
evaporation reaction, 26 Mg(18 O, 2α1n)35 S. 18 O beamenergies of 75 and 80 MeV were used. The thicknessof the 26 Mg target was 1 mg/cm2 . Gamma rays were
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

0

500

1000

2000

Energy (keV)

2500

2869

1991
1824
1500

3000

3594

100

2284

200

Fig. 1. Woods-Saxon orbitals as a function of thequadrupole deformation parameter β2 . The calculation
was performed by the WSBETA code4) .

∗1

300

2421

400

0.6

2063 2032[211]1/2

0.4

1576

β2

0.2

1228

0

1302 keV gate

500

1389

-0.2

[202]5/2[330]1/2

844
978
1056

-0.4

16

868

2s1/2

16

1007

1d 3/2-8[321]3/2

466

-6

20

20

732

-4

-0.6

[200]1/2

22

CountsProton single-particle levels (MeV)[202]3/2

28

0

3500

4000

Fig. 2. Gamma-ray energy spectrum of 35 S in coincidencewith the 1302 keV transition.

References
1) C.E. Svensson et al.: Nucl. Phys. A, 682, 1 (2001).
2) E. Ideguchi et al.: Phys. Lett. B, 686, 18 (2010).
3) E. Ideguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 222501 (2001).
4) S. Ćwoik et al.: Comp. Phys. Comm. 46, 379 (1987).
5) C.W. Beausang et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 313, 37(1992).
6) T. Kuroyanagi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 316, 211(1999).
7) E. Ideguchi et al.: CNS Ann. Rep. 2009, 23 (2011).
8) B. Cederwall et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 354 591(1995).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Chiba Institute of Technology, Faculty of Information andComputer Science
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Institut de Physique Nucléaire d’Orsay- 38 -

1

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of 41 S spin polarization
H. Shirai,∗1 Y. Ichikawa,∗2 H. Ueno,∗2 Y. Ishibashi,∗2,∗3 T. Suzuki,∗1 T. Furukawa,∗4 A. Yoshimi,∗5 Y. Abe,∗2,∗3
K. Asahi,∗1 J. M. Daugas,∗6 T. Fujita,∗7 M. Hayasaka,∗8 K. Imamura,∗2,∗9 S. Kishi,∗8 S. Kojima,∗1 D. Nagae,∗3
A. Nakao,∗2 Y. Ohtomo,∗1 T. Sagayama,∗8 Y. Sakamoto,∗1 and T. Sato∗1
Spectroscopic data have indicated the erosion of theN = 28 shell gap in several studies1–4) . In particular, the isomeric state of 43 S at 320 keV is suggested
to have a quasi-spherical shape with a spin-parity of
7/2−5,6) . On the other hand, the spin-parity of theground state of 43 S has been neither confirmed nor
predicted uniquely5,7,8) . In order to investigate themechanism of the N = 28 magicity loss through thedetermination of the spin parity of the ground stateof 43 S, we aim to measure systematically the groundstate electromagnetic moments for 41,43 S.
The electromagnetic moments of nuclei in their
ground states are measured by combining the technique to produce spin-polarized RI beams9) and themethod of β-ray-detected nuclear magnetic resonance(β-NMR). In this scheme, the RIs are stopped in a
crystal, which provides spin-lattice relaxation times T1
that are longer than the β-decay halflife of the RI. In
order to find out optimum conditions for the β-NMR
measurement, the T1 measurements were carried out
for stopper crystal candidates, such as Si, ZnS, and
CaS. In the measurements, an RI beam of 41 S, forwhich a large yield was expected, was used, insteadof 43 S, to measure the relaxation time T1 .
The experiment was carried out at the RIPS11) facility at RIBF. The RI beam of 41 S was produced by
the fragmentation of 48 Ca projectiles at an energy of
E = 63 MeV/nucleon on a 0.52 mm-thick 9 Be target.
The intensity of the 48 Ca beam at the target was typically 200 pnA. The isotope separation of the 41 S beam
was conducted by the RIPS beam line, in which theemission angle θF and momentum pF of the fragment
were selected so as to realize 41 S spin-polarization. Under the condition of pF = p0 × (1.015 ± 0.025) andθF > 1◦ , where p0 represents the central momentum of the fragment 41 S, the 41 S beam was obtained
from RIPS with a purity of 47% and an intensity of
1.6 × 104 particles/s.
The 41 S beam was then transported to the final focal plane and implanted into a stopper crystal locatedat the center of the adiabatic field rotation (AFR) device12) . The AFR device enables us to extract the
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

asymmetry of β-ray emission without relying on the
NMR technique, by only rotating a pair of Nd permanent magnets adiabatically. The β rays emitted from41
S were counted by plastic scintillators, two of whichwere set above the crystal and two others were set below it. The measurement was conducted according to
the following sequence of cycles: beam irradiation for
2,900 ms, rotation of the AFR magnets for 150 ms,
waiting time of 200 ms, and the β ray counting for
2,900 ms. The irradiation and counting time periods
were chosen to be comparable with the meanlife of 41 S.
The waiting margin was inserted in order to avoid spurious effects that might arise from a tiny vibration of
the magnets following the rotation. The value of AP
was deduced from β rays counts obtained in the following four different configurations with the field directions up/down and the magnet rotation true/false(hence, the spin is flipped/not flipped). Here, A and P
denote the asymmetry parameter for the β-ray emission and the degree of polarization of 41 S, respectively.
From the results of the AFR measurement, we obtained AP = −0.14(4)% with the CaS multi-crystal
stopper of 0.5 mm thickness, and T1 was found to belonger than 4,600 ms in 1σ confidence level.
Following the T1 and AP measurements, the g-factor
search by means of the β-NMR method was carried out
using the spin-polarized 41 S with AP = −0.14% and
the CaS crystal. Because the range within which theg-factor of 41 S is predicted theoretically is quite wide,a fast switching system for changing the tank-circuit
frequency13) has been used. The results of the NMR
measurement are under analysis.
References
1) S. Grévy et al.: Eur. Phys. J. A 25, 111 (2005).
2) F. Sarazin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 5062 (2000).
3) R. W. Ibbotson et al.: Phys. Rev. C 59, 642 (1999).
4) Zs. Dombrádi et al.: Nucl. Phys. A727, 195 (2003).
5) L. Gaudefroy et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 092501(2009).
6) R. Chevrier et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 162501(2012).
7) F. Nowacki et al.: Phys. Rev. C 79, 014310 (2009).
8) I. Hamamoto: J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 37, 055102(2010).
9) K. Asahi et al.: Phys. Lett. B 251, 488 (1990).
10) K. Sugimoto et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 21, 213 (1966).
11) T. Kubo et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 70, 309 (1992).
12) Y. Ishibashi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 714(2013).
13) N. Yoshida et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 705(2013).

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tsukuba University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University
CEA
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University
Department of Physics, Meiji University- 39 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Offline experiment of high-resolution resonance ionization spectroscopy
on Titanium using injection-locked Ti:Sapphire laser system
T. Takamatsu,*1 H. Tomita,*1,*2 T. Takatsuka,*1,*2 Y. Adachi,*1,*2 Y. Furuta,*1
K. Wendt,*3 V. Sonnenschein,*4 T. Noto,*1,*2 T. Iguchi,*1 T. Sonoda*2 and M. Wada*2
Resonant ionization is useful for precise optical
spectroscopy of radioactive isotopes of many elements toinvestigate the structures of unstable nuclei. We havedeveloped a high-resolution resonance ionization
spectroscopy (HR-RIS) combined with a supersonic gas jet
system 1,2）in the PArasitic Laser Ion Source (PALIS) system
at RIKEN and a narrow bandwidth tunable pulsed laser
system, i.e., an injection-locked Ti:Sapphire laser system 3,4).
An offline experiment was performed using thisinjection-locked Ti:Sapphire laser system.
The experimental setup for HR-RIS on Ti are shown in
Fig.1. Titanium atomic vapor was evaporated by resistive
heating of a Ti filament in a vacuum chamber called areference cell. For optical resonance excitation andionization from the ground state or a thermally populated
low-lying excited state using the Ti:Sapphire laser, anionization scheme shown in Fig.2 (a) was used. The
titanium atomic vapor was irradiated using the second
harmonics of the injection-locked Ti: Sapphire laser tuned
to the first step transition. The second harmonics of astandard Ti: Sapphire laser was additionally used for
efficient ionization via autoionization states. Here, anexternal cavity diode laser (ECDL) was used as a master
laser of the injection-locked Ti:Sapphire laser. We achieveda line width of 20 MHz and a 0.4 mJ/pulse at the maximum

output of the injection-locked Ti:Sapphire laser operated at
a repetition rate of 1 kHz. Titanium ions produced byresonance ionization were accelerated with an electric fieldand detected by a multi channel plate (MCP) after
traversing the field free region. The number of pulses from
MCP was obtained from a counter with a timing gate in thetime-of-flight of Ti ions.
We investigated the Rydberg and autoionization states byscanning of the second step laser from 554800 cm-1 to55600 cm-1 for a higher count rate. We identified a strong
and broad autoionization state around 55400 cm-1 as shownin Fig.2 (a). The optical spectrum of stable Titanium
obtained by the frequency scan of ECDL, i.e., the scanningof the first step laser is shown in Fig.2 (b). The line-width in
the spectrum was estimated to be approximately 210 MHz,and five peaks corresponding to the 46,47,48,49,50Ti isotopes
were clearly resolved in the spectrum. Further, their ratios
were in good agreement with the natural abundances of Ti
isotopes (46Ti-8.0% 47Ti-7.3% 48Ti-73.8% 49Ti-5.5%
50
Ti-5.4%). The isotope shift of the optical transition of 46Ti
and 50Ti to 48Ti were evaluated to be approximately 1.7 GHz
and 1.6 GHz, respectively. Presently, the particularly
narrow hyperfine splitting of 47Ti and 49Ti is not resolved
because of the remaining Doppler broadening of theexperimental geometry. In the near future, the resolution
will be improved by applying the supersonic gas-jet system.

(a)Fig.2 (a) Ionization
scheme on Ti(b)(b) Optical spectrum of Ti isotopes.

Fig.1 Experimental setup for HR-RIS on Ti*1

Department of Quantum Engineering, Nagoya University*2

RIKEN Nishina Center*3

Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz*4

Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä

References
1) T. Sonoda et al., Hyperfine Interact 216, 103, (2013).
2) T. Sonoda, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 295, 1, (2013).
3) T. Takatsuka, et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 586, (2013).
4) T. Kessler, H. Tomita et al., Laser Physics 18, 842, (2008).

- 40 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

First α-γ spectroscopic study using a Si-Ge detector arrayinstalled at the focal plane of GARIS
D. Kaji,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 Y. Wakabayashi,∗1 M. Takeyama,∗1,∗2 and M. Asai∗1,∗3
A basic study on α-γ spectroscopy was performed
using a Si-Ge detector array installed at a focal planeof a gas-ﬁlled recoil ion separator GARIS.
The GARIS has been applied for studying production and decay properties of superheavy element(SHE) nuclides produced via Pb/Bi-based fusion reactions (cold fusion); in particular, these studies focused on the search for 113th element on the basis of209
Bi(70 Zn,n)278 113 reaction from 2003 to 20121–3) . In
the most of these experiments, the number of identiﬁed atoms was limited because of the low production
cross section of the SHE nuclides. The nuclide identiﬁcation method was based on the genetic relation between mother and daughter. It involved measuring
the α-decay and spontaneous ﬁssion SF . Therefore, adetailed decay scheme including γ-decay could not be
obtained. In 2013, we newly installed a Si-Ge detector
array, as shown in Fig. 1, at the focal plane of GARIS
for studying the production and decay properties of reaction products for 248 Cm+48 Ca4) . The Si-Ge array isuseful as a probe for detecting prompt γ-ray coinciding
with SF 5) . Before the experiment, we calibrated the
Si-Ge array by using a 207 Pb(48 Ca,2n)253 No reaction.
Projectiles of 48 Ca with a charge state of 11+ wereextracted from the 18-GHz ECR ion source and accelerated up to 218.5 MeV using the RILAC. The intensity of a typical beam incident on a target was
5.2×1012 s−1 (0.86 pµA). The metallic 207 Pb target
was prepared by vacuum evaporation on a 60 µg/cm2
carbon foil. Target thickness was 371 µg/cm2 for
207
Pb (enrichment of 99.59%). Sixteen frames of thesector targets were mounted on a φ30 cm rotating
wheel, which was rotated at 3300 rpm. The reaction products were separated in-ﬂight from projectiles and other by-products by GARIS, and they wereguided into the focal plane detection system after theypassed through the time-of-ﬂight detector. The separator was ﬁlled with helium gas at a pressure of 73
Pa. The magnetic rigidity Bρ was set to 2.064 T·m for
253
No. Gamma rays emitted in prompt coincidencewith α-particles registered by a conventional positionsensitive Si detector (PSD box)1–3) were measured using a planar-type Ge detector for counting low-energy
photons (CANBERRA BE6530; active volume: φ91.5mm×31.6 mmt ). The distance between PSD and Ge
detector was c.a. 6 mm (3 mm between PSD and
1 mmt Al window + 2 mm between Al window andGe detector). The peak eﬃciency for 122-keV pho∗1∗2∗3

tons was 22.8% at the middle position of the PSD.
Figure 2 (a) shows a two-dimensional energy plot of
α- and γ-rays observed in prompt coincidence. Theenergy spectrum of γ-rays observed in prompt coincidence with α-decays is given in Fig. 2 (b). These
data were obtained under low-background condition,
despite the high beam intensity of 0.86 pµA. Observed
α- and γ-transitions due to 253 No agree well with previously reported values6) .
The Si-Ge array will be applicable to study α-γ(X)spectroscopy of SHE nuclides.

Fig. 1. New focal plane detector including Si-Ge array.

Fig. 2. (a) Two-dimensional plot of α-γ coincidence. (b)Projection of the events onto the γ-energy axis.

References
1) K. Morita et al.: J. Phys. Soc. of Jpn. 73, p.2593 (2004).
2) K. Morita et al.: J. Phys. Soc. of Jpn. 77, p.045001(2007).
3) K. Morita et al.: J. Phys. Soc. of Jpn. 81, p.103201(2012).
4) K. Morita et al.: In this report.
5) M. Takeyama et al.: In this report.
6) F. P. Heßberger et al.: Eur. Phys. J. A 48, p.75 (2012).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Yamagata University
Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA

- 41 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Experimental study of resonant states in 27 P via elastic scattering of
26
Si+p †
H.S. Jung,∗1 C.S. Lee,∗1 Y.K. Kwon,∗1 J.Y. Moon,∗1 J.H. Lee,∗1 C.C. Yun,∗1 S. Kubono,∗2 H. Yamaguchi,∗2
T. Hashimoto,∗2 D. Kahl,∗2 S. Hayakawa,∗2 S. Choi,∗3 M.J. Kim,∗3 Y.H. Kim,∗3 Y.K. Kim,∗4,∗5 J.S. Park,∗4
E.J. Kim,∗6 C.-B. Moon,∗7 T. Teranishi,∗8 Y. Wakabayashi,∗9 N. Iwasa,∗10 T. Yamada,∗10 Y. Togano,∗11
S. Kato,∗12 S. Cherubini,∗13,∗14 and G.G. Rapisarda∗13,∗14
We studied proton resonant states in 27 P via elastic scattering to investigate the 26 Si(p,γ)27 P reaction,
which is an important in the rp-process path for theunderstanding of the nucleosynthesis in explosive hydrogen burning1,2) . This reaction is also relevant to
the production of 26 Al3) . The knowledge of the structure of 27 P is still insuﬃcient because of uncertain resonance parameters, such as resonance energies and spinparity assignments.
The measurement of the 26 Si+p elastic scattering
was performed at the low-energy RI beam facility
CRIB (CNS Radioactive Ion Beam separator) of theCenter for Nuclear Study (CNS), the University ofTokyo4,5) , by bombarding a H2 gas target with a 26 Si
radioactive ion beam in inverse kinematics6) and detecting scattered protons using silicon detectors for a∆E-E telescope. We applied the thick-target method
7,8)
to scan the entire energy region of interest simultaneously. The excitation function was obtained fromthe scattered proton energy spectrum by a kinematics conversion process. A 24 Mg primary beam with anenergy of 7.5 MeV/A and an intensity of 1.6 eµA extracted from the AVF cyclotron bombarded a 3 He gas
target which was at 550 Torr and 90 K. The secondary
beam was produced by the 3 He(24 Mg,26 Si)n reaction.
Protons elastically scattered to the forward angles in
the laboratory frame were detected by a ∆E-E telescope.
By calculating the kinematics, including energy loss
in the target, the measured proton energy of each
event was converted to a center-of-mass energy. We
performed an analysis using the R-matrix calculation
code (SAMMY-8.0.0)9) to deduce resonance parameters such as excitation energy Ex , spin J, parity π, andFig. 1. Final results for the excitation function of 26 Si+p
as the best fits are shown but without firm spin-parity
assignment for the doublet around 3.3 MeV.

proton partial width Γp of resonance states. Figure 1
shows best-ﬁt results for the excitation function.
Six new resonant states in 27 P have been suggested,
and we mostly determined their resonance parameterssuch as resonance energy, width, and spin-parity with
the R-matrix calculation. Two small bumps around3.39 MeV and 3.59 MeV were introduced to improvethe ﬁtting because exclusion of these resonances resulted in a less satisfactory ﬁt for near resonant states.
Parameters of resonant states in 27 P are expected tocontribute to the nuclear data for the nuclear reaction
network calculation of the rp-process nucleosysnthesis. The previous estimate of the total reaction rate of
26
Si(p,γ)27 P, which was evaluated by Iliadis et al.10) ,should be reanalyzed with the nuclear physics input
newly obtained in present work.

†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C. 85, 045802(2012)∗1 Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University∗2 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo∗3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University∗4 Department of Nuclear Engineering, Hanyang University∗5 Institute for Basic Science∗6 Department of Education, Chonbuk National University∗7 Faculty of Sciences, Hoseo University∗8 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗9 Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
∗10 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗11 RIKEN Nishina Center∗12 Department of Physics, Yamagata University∗13 Laboratori Nazionali del Sud-INFN∗14 Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Universita di Catania

References
1) H. Herndl et al.: Phys. Rev. C 52, 1078 (1995).
2) J. L. Fisker et al.: Astrophys. J. 174, 261 (2008).
3) R. Diel et al.: Astron. Astrophys. 298, 445 (1995).
4) S. Kubono et al.: Eur. Phys. J. A 13, 217 (2002).
5) Y. Yanagisawa et al.: Nuc. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. Sect. A 539, 74 (2005).
6) K.P. Artemov et al.: Nuc. Phys. 52, 408 (1990).
7) W. Galster et al.: Phys. Rev. C 44, 2776 (1991).
8) S. Kubono: Nuc. Phys. A 693, 221 (2001).
9) A.M. Lane and R.G. Thomas: Rev. Mod. Phys. 30,
257 (1958).
10) C. Iliadis et al.: Nuc. Phys. A 841, 31 (2010).

- 42 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of resonance states in 26Si by elastic scattering of 22Mg+
N.N. Duy,＊1 L.H. Khiem,＊1 S. Kubono,＊2 H. Yamaguchi,＊2 D. Kahl,＊2 T. Hashimoto,＊2 S. Ota,＊2 Y. Wakabayashi,＊3
T. Komatsubara,＊4 T. Teranishi,＊5 S. Kato,＊6 N. Iwasa,＊7 T. Yamada,＊7 Y.K. Kwon,＊8 A. Kim,＊9 Y.H. Kim,＊9
J. Song,＊9 J. Hu,＊10 and Y. Ito＊11
The data of 26Si are important not only in the astrophysics
but also in the nuclear structure. The resonance states of 26Si
are valuable for investigating the reaction rate of22
Mg(α,p)25Al and 25Al(p,)26Si reactions in the Supernovae
II and X-ray bursts, which are important in understanding
the astrophysical nomalies. In addition, the alpha-cluster
structure, above the alpha decay threshold (Ethr = 9.164
MeV), is expected to be obtained in the 26Si nucleus
because of the alpha-cluster threshold rule. Futhermore,
although the energy levels of the mirror nucleus, 26Mg, arewell-known, there are many unknown spin-parities. These
quantum parameters can be assigned using the 26Si data.
There were some experimental efforts for the levels nearand above the alpha decay threshold, but the data is still
limited. Several resonance states in the energy region
considered were obtained by the works in ref.1, 2), but suchstates had a large uncertainty because of unknown
spin-parities. Therefore, we performed the elastic scatteringof the 22Mg(α,α)22Mg reaction using a radioactive ion (RI)
beam of 22Mg to obtain the experimental data corresponding
to the mentioned aims for 26Si at the CRIB facility of
RIKEN in October 2011. We performed the experiment of
22
Mg+α by applying the thick-target method using theactive-target detector GEM-MSTPC in inverse kinematics.3)
The RI beam of 22Mg, which was produced via the3
He(20Ne,22Mg)n reaction, with the intensity of 1200
particles/s satisfied the energy condition of Ecm = 0.5 – 3.0
MeV in the center-of-mass of the elastic scattering22
Mg(,)22Mg.4) Therefore, the energy corresponded to theregion of Ex = 9.5 – 12.5 MeV in 26Si. The RI beam wasincident on the gas target, which was a gas mixture of
4
He+CO2 (10%) at 140 Torr at room temperature. The gas
was filled in a chamber in which the electrode structures of
GEM-MSTPC and arrays of silicon detector telescopes
were installed. The trajectory and timing information of theincoming 22Mg were obtained using the beam monitors
PPACs for particle identification. The ejectiles coming fromthe elastic scattering 22Mg(α,α)22Mg were distinguishedfrom those due to the 22Mg(α,p)25Al reaction based on the
E-E method by using the information from the silicon
telescopes. The events due to the elastic scattering and the
production of the beam contaminants were identified basedon the Bragg curves of the outgoing 22Mg and thecontaminants determined by GEM-MSTPC.

The data were analyzed event by event. The calculationof the kinematics was carried out by considering the energy
loss of the projectile measured by the active-target detector.
The energy of alphas was measured by the active-target
detector and the silicon telescopes. The excitation functionof the cross section of the elastic scattering 22Mg(α,α)22Mg
could be determined in the forward angles, which related to
0-5 degrees and 5-10 degrees in the laboratory frame. The
resonances in the excitation function were applied to theR-matrix analysis performed by the AZURE code5) todeduce the quantum quantities of the resonance states of26
Si above the alpha threshold. We could obtain six states, inwhich three new states (11.245, 11.493, and 11.807 MeV)
and three lower states matched well with the results
obtained by previous works.1, 2) In addition, the spin-parity
assignment for the first and sixth states is satisfied with twovalues, as shown in Table 1.

Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology＊2Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, Univ. of Tokyo＊3
Japan Atomic Energy Agency＊4
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba＊5
Department of Physics, University of Kyushu＊6
Department of Physics, University of Yamagata＊7
Department of Physics, University of Tohoku＊8
Department of Physics, ChungAng University＊9
Department of Physics, Seoul University＊10
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science＊11
Low Energy Experimental Nuclear Physics Gr., Univ. of Tsukuba

1) A. Matic et al., Phys. Rev. C 84 025801 (2011) 1 - 7.
2) J. C. Thomas et al., Eur. Phys. Jour. A 21, (2004) 419-435.
3) N. N. Duy et al., CNS Ann. Rep. 2011 (2013) 9 - 10.
4) N. N. Duy et al., Nucl.Instrum.Meth A 723 (2013) 99-101.
5) R. E. Azuma et al., Phys. Rev. C 81 045805 (2010) 1-17.
6) F. Ajzenberg-Selove et al., Nuclear Physics A114 (1968) 13-16.
7) L. R. Hafstad et al., Physical Review Vol.54 (1938) 681 – 692.

Table 1. The resonance states above the alpha threshold of26
Si obtained by the elastic scattering of 22Mg(α,α)22Mg.
LevelsEr (MeV)(MeV)
J+
1
10.325  0.071
0.218  0.011(2 , 1-)
2
10.678  0.016
0.194  0.006
0+3
10.831  0.113
0.186  0.013
14
11.245  0.028
0.208 0.027
4+5
11.493  0.216
0.292  0.010
3611.807  0.117
0.156  0.032(0+, 2+)
According to the study in ref.6), the first, third, and sixth
level in the 26Si nucleus are very close to the threeresonances located at 10.300 MeV (0+), 10.844 MeV (1-),
and 11.828 MeV (2-), respectively, in 12C. In addition, suchstates of 12C might have a structure of 3. 7) Therefore, the26
Si may exist under alpha cluster as a structure of(p+3+3+p).
The direct measurement of alpha elastic scattering was
performed for the first time. The data of 26Si is very limited
so far. The cluster structure of the isotopes with a number ofnucleon nearby the value of 4N (N = 2, 3, 4…) is very
uncertain. Hence, we need such type of data significantly
more to investigate the structure of 26Si in future.
References＊1- 43 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Confirmation of the astrophysically important 6.15-MeV, 1− state in18
Ne via resonant proton scattering of 17 F+p
J. Hu,∗1 J.J. He,∗1 S.W. Xu,∗1 H. Yamaguchi,∗2 P. Ma,∗1 D. Kahl,∗2 J. Su,∗3 H.W. Wang,∗4 T. Nakao,∗2
Y. Wakabayashi,∗5 J.Y. Moon,∗6 T. Teranishi,∗7 H.S. Jung,∗6 T. Hashimoto,∗8 A. Chen,∗9 D. Irvine,∗9 and
S. Kubono∗5
(a)

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

c.m.

155

18

c.m. (mb/sr)

The 14 O(α, p)17 F reaction is important during theignition phase of X-ray bursts. However, thus far, therate of this reaction remains unknown. Therefore, studies on this reaction are of great importance in researching explosive stellar environments in a nuclear
astrophysics context. The 14 O(α, p)17 F reaction ismainly resonant, and its reaction rate depends on theresonant properties of the excited states that are above
the α threshold in the compound nucleus 18 Ne. A state
observed in 18 Ne at Ex = 6.15 MeV has been tentatively identiﬁed as the important state, which could bedominated at low temperatures.
The experiment was performed using the CNS radioactive ion beam separator (CRIB)1) . A primarybeam of 16 O6+ was accelerated up to 6.6 MeV/nucleon
with an average intensity of 560 enA. A D2 gas target
was bombarded with the primary beam, resulting in
the production of a secondary beam of 17 F via the16O(d, n)17 F reaction in inverse kinematics. The 17 F
beam, with a mean energy of 61.9 MeV and an averageintensity of 2.5×105 pps, was then delivered to the F3experimental chamber where it bombarded a thick H2
gas target. The recoiled light particles were measured
by using three sets of ∆E-E Si telescopes at averaged
angles of θlab ≈ 3◦ , 10◦ , and 18◦ , respectively.
The excitation function of 17 F+p elastic scatteringcross sections at diﬀerent scattering angle regions areshown in Fig. 1(a)–(b). Five resonances, i.e., at Ex =6.15, 6.28, 6.35, 6.85, and 7.05 MeV, all of which withthe exception of 6.85 MeV had been observed previously in other ways, were analyzed using the multichannel R-matrix calculations.2) The most probable ﬁtting
curves are shown in Fig. 1(a)–(b). As shown in theﬁgure, the ﬁtting results at diﬀerent scattering angle
regions are consistent with each other.
According to our R-matrix analysis, see Fig. 1(c), a
dip structure around Ec.m. = 2.21 MeV corresponding
to the 6.15-MeV level in 18 Ne can be ﬁtted as 1− (s =2+ , ℓ = 1), Γ = 50 keV very well. The shape of the
dip structure is clear, in contrast to the bump shape

(b)

c.m.

background

138

22

d /d

background

(c)

c.m.

155

18

(d)

c.m.

155

18

E c.m.(MeV)

Fig. 1. The center of mass diﬀerential cross sections forelastically scattered protons. The curves represent the
R-matrix ﬁts to the data.

reported previously.3) The 1− assignment with highstatistics in this work ﬁrmly maintains the signiﬁcant
position of 6.15-MeV state at low temperatures.
Moreover, a shoulder-like structure around Ec.m. =2.93 MeV was observed (Fig. 1(a) and (b)). This
may imply that a new state was discovered at Ex =6.85 MeV in 18 Ne. Both 0− or 0+ resonances can reproduce the observed shape, as shown in Fig. 1(d). Because of the small energy shift for the negative-parity
states in this excitation energy region4) , this new stateis possibly the analog state of 18 O at Ex = 6.88 MeV(0− ). Another possibility also exists: This new state
could be a candidate of the 0+ state, a band-head stateof the six-particle four-hole (6p-4h) band.5)
A more comprehensive analysis and the inclusion of
α particle information are in progress.
References
1) Y. Yanagisawa et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 539, 74(2005).
2) P. Descouvemont: Theoretical Models for Nuclear Astrophysics (Nova Science Publishers Inc., New York,
2003).
3) J. Gómez del Campo et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 43(2001).
4) H. T. Fortune and R. Sherr: Phys. Rev. Lett. 84, 1635
(2000).
5) H. T. Fortune and R. Sherr: Phys. Rev. C 68, 034307(2003).

Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
China Institute of Atomic Energy
Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Chung-Ang University
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
RCNP, Osaka University
Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University- 44 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Progress on the 16 N beta delayed alpha decay studied using theCenter for Nuclear Study Multi Sampling Time Projection Chamber
S. Cherubini,∗1,∗2,∗5 S. Hayakawa,∗2 A. Di Pietro,∗2,∗5 P. Figuera,∗2,∗5 M. Gulino,∗2,∗3 M. La Cognata,∗2
M. Lattuada,∗1,∗2 C. Spitaleri,∗1, ∗2 H. Yamaguchi,∗4 D.M. Kahl,∗4 T. Nakao,∗4 S. Kubono,∗5 Y. Wakabayashi,∗5
T. Hashimoto,∗6 N. Iwasa,∗7 Y. Okoda, ∗7 K. Ushio,∗7 T. Teranishi,∗8 M. Mazzocco,∗9 C. Signorini,∗9
D. Torresi,∗9 J.Y. Moon,∗10 T. Komatsubara,∗10 P. Lee,∗11 K. Chae,∗12 M. Gwak∗12
The importance of measuring the cross section of thenuclear reaction 12 C(α, γ)16 O at astrophysical energies
is well known. Despite half a century long eﬀorts toperform this measurement, knowledge regarding thiscross section remains unsatisfactory. Direct and indirect approaches have been used in order to determine
a reliable estimation of its value, which is buried in
the realm of the tenth of femtobarn1) . Direct measurements were performed down to a center of massenergy of approximately 1 MeV, however, the goal forthe application to astrophysics requires to reach 300
keV. With regards to indirect methods, it has beenshown that important pieces of information on the E1component of the 12 C(α, γ)16 O cross section can bederived from the study of the 16 N beta delayed alphadecay2) . Many attempts were conducted to measure
the low energy tail of this latter alpha spectrum andthe state of the art on these studies is reported in apaper by Tang and collaborators3) .
In order to improve the available results on the measurements of the spectrum of the alpha particles emitted in the decay of 16 N, we proposed a new experimental approach based on the use of the Multi Sampling
Time Projection Chamber (MSTPC) of the Center for
Nuclear Study (CNS) of the University of Tokyo. In
this new approach the limitations arising from the useof implantation foils adopted in all previous experiments were eliminated, because the chamber itself becomes the implantation material, and the detection efﬁciency of the decay products is also increased.
The experiment required a long technical development
phase. During this phase, two 16 N beam production
test runs were performed at the CNS Radiocative Ion
Beam (CRIB) facility with very good results. The intesities of the 16 N beam obtained during these tests
reached 106 ions per second. A key point in the experiment was the necessity of using MSTPC in pulsed

mode: an implantation period, during which the beam
is sent and stopped in the middle of the active region of
the MSTPC, is followed by a time period in which thebeam is stopped before entering CRIB and the 16 N decay events are detected and registered by the MSTPC.
In order to prevent the destruction of the active devices of the MSTPC, namely two gas electron multipliers, a gating grid was introduced to stop electron
multiplication during the 16 N beam implantation period. Various timings for the implantation (beam on)
and counting (beam oﬀ) periods were tested. The ﬁnal decision was to use an equal duration of 50 ms forthese two periods.
Despite the fact that during the experiment the intensities of the beam reached a value that was lower than
expected on the basis of the previous tests, the experiment was technically successful and data analysis isbeing initiated.
References
1) C. E. Rolfs, W. S. Rodney: Cauldrons in the cosmos,
The University of Chicago Press, (1988)
2) F. C. Barker: Austr. J. Phys., 24, 777 (1971)
3) X. D. Tang et al.: Phys. Rev. C81, 045809 (2010)∗1

Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Catania
INFN - Laboratori Nazionali del Sud∗3 Università KORE, Enna
∗4 Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Wako Branch∗5 RIKEN Nishina Center∗6 RCNP, Osaka University∗7 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗8 Department of Physics, Kyushu University∗9 Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova and INFN-Sez.
Padova∗10 Institute for Basic Science∗11 Department of Physics, Chung Ang University∗12 Department of Physics, Sungkyunkwan University∗2- 45 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Search for new isotopes near the proton drip-line close to 100Sn
I. Čeliković,＊1,＊2 M. Lewitowicz,＊1 R. Gernhäuser,＊3 R. Krücken,＊4 S. Nishimura,＊5 H. Sakurai,＊6 H. Baba,＊5 B. Blank,＊7
A. Blazhev,＊8 P. Boutachkov,＊9 F. Browne,＊5,*10 G. de France,＊1 P. Doornenbal,＊5 T. Faestermann,＊3 Y. Fang,＊11 N. Goel,＊9
M. Gorska,＊9 S. Ilieva,＊12 T. Isobe,＊5 A. Jungclaus,＊13 G. D. Kim,＊14 Y.-K. Kim,＊14 I. Kojouharov,＊9 N. Kurz,＊9
G. Lorusso,＊5 D. Lubos,*3 K. Moschner,＊8 I. Nishizuka,*15 J. Park,＊4 Z. Patel,＊16 M. Rajabali,＊4 S. Rice,＊16 H. Schaffner,＊9
L. Sinclair,＊17 P. A. Söderström,＊5 K. Steiger,＊3 T. Sumikama,＊15 Z. Wang,＊4 H. Watanabe,＊18 J. Wu,＊19 and Z. Xu＊6
The 100Sn nucleus, the heaviest doubly magic andparticle-stable nucleus with N=Z, has been the subject ofnumerous experimental and theoretical studies. It is one of
the most important nuclei for testing nuclear structure
models.
Prior to the main 100Sn experiment in 2013, we
performed a test experiment in December 2011 with the aimof optimizing the configuration settings of the BigRIPS1)
separator at RIKEN, for the production and selection of100Sn.2) This experiment was subsequently used to set up our
main 100Sn experiment, which was performed in June 2013
and was dedicated to the measurement of Gamow-Teller
strength in the decay of 100Sn to 100In (see D. Lubos et al.3)),
to the mapping of the proton drip-line in the region of
Te-Ru, and to the study of short-lived isomeric states in thisregion of the nuclear chart. In this contribution, we reporton the search for new isotopes close to the drip-line in the
Te-Ru region.
Nuclei around 100Sn were produced by fragmentation of a345 MeV/nucleon 124Xe52+ beam impinging on a 4-mm Be
target. The average beam intensity was 30 pnA during 203
hours of data taking.
The nuclei were identified on an event-by-event basis
through the Bρ - ΔE - TOF method using the standard
BigRIPS focal plane detectors. The nuclei of interest were
implanted in a stack of 3 double-sided silicon strip detectors
called WAS3ABi, followed by a stack of 10 single-sided
silicon strip detectors used to measure the total energy ofβ-particles emitted after the decay of the implanted nuclei.
The implantation detectors were surrounded by the
EURICA array consisting of 12 seven-element Ge cluster
detectors and 18 LaBr3 crystals for the detection of delayed
γ-rays.
A confirmation of Z and A/Q identification was achievedby the observation of the characteristic γ-lines of known
isomers in 98Cd and 96Pd. The relative r.m.s. Z and A/Q
resolutions for the Sn and N=Z isotopes were 0.41% and0.09%, respectively. Available signals from the PPACs,
plastic scintillators, and ionisation chambers were used toapply additional off-line gates, which allows the removal of
spurious events from the particle identification plot.

Fig. 1. Particle identification matrix Z vs A/Q around the
Sn after applying cleaning conditions.

100

GANIL
Institute "Vinča", University of Belgrade＊3
Physik Department E12, Technische Universität München＊4
TRIUMF＊5
RIKEN Nishina Center＊6
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
＊7
CENBG
＊8
Institut für Kernphysik, University of Cologne＊9
GSI Darmstadt＊10
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, Brighton
University＊11
Department of Physics, Osaka University＊12
Institut für Kernphysik, TU Darmstadt＊13
IEM CSIC, Madrid＊14
Rare Isotope Science Project, Institute for Basic Science＊15
Department of Physics, Tohoku University＊16
Department of Physics, University of Surrey＊17
Department of Physics, University of York＊18
Department of Physics, Beihang University＊19
Department of Physics, Peking University＊1＊2

We have discovered 3 new isotopes with more than 3
counts: 94Cd, 92Ag, 90Pd. The consistency of all measured
signals of interest for each nucleus has been checked, andthe assignment of these new isotopes is unambiguous. We
have also tentatively assigned events to 104Te, 98Sn, 96In
observed with less than 3 counts. One event was assigned to86
Ru, the identification of which has been recently reportedby H. Suzuki.4)
References
1) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 204 (2003) 97

2) M. Lewitowicz et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep, Vol 45 (2011)
p. vi.
3) D. Lubos et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep (this volume).
4) H. Suzuki et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 317 (2013) 756- 46 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Identification of 18 new neutron-rich isotopes produced in the
EURICA uranium beam campaign
Y. Shimizu,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1
K. Yoshida,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 F. Browne,∗1,∗2 P. Doornebal,∗1 G. Gey,∗1,∗3,∗4 T. Isobe,∗1 A. Jungclaus,∗5 Z. Li,∗6
G. Lorusso,∗1 S. Nishimura,∗1 G. Simpson,∗3 P.-A. Söderström,∗1 T. Sumikama,∗7 J. Taprogge,∗1,∗5,∗8
Zs. Vajta,∗1,∗9 H. Watanabe,∗1,∗10,∗11 J. Wu,∗1,∗6 and Z.Y. Xu∗12
root mean square (rms) Z resolution and the relativerms A/Q resolution achieved were typically 0.38 and0.037%, respectively, for the 136 Sn setting. Thanks tothe excellent resolution in A/Q, we have produced andidentified the following 18 new neutron-rich isotopes:
118
Mo, 121 Tc, 122 Tc, 125 Ru, 127 Rh, 129,130,131 Pd,
132
Ag, 134 Cd, 136,137 In, 139,140 Sn, 141,142 Sb, 144 Te, and146
I. A detailed analysis is currently in progress.

The EUROBALL RIKEN Cluster Array (EURICA)
collaboration aims to conduct isomer and β-delayed
γ-ray spectroscopy of several hundred nuclei far fromstability. In 2012, at the RIKEN Nishina Center RI
Beam Factory (RIBF), the EURICA uranium beam
campaign was been conducted to investigate isomeric
decays from very neutron-rich nuclei and their β decays1–3) .
In the EURICA uranium beam campaign, the nuclei of interest were produced by the in-flight fissionof 345 MeV/nucleon 238 U beam colliding with a 2.92mm-thick Be target. The primary beam intensity
was 8.24 particle nA on average. Table 1 summarizes the two settings used in the EURICA uranium
beam campaign. Fission fragments were identified
by using the superconducting in-flight separator BigRIPS4) and the ZD spectrometer. The particle identification (PID) was performed using the ∆E-TOF-Bρ
method, which allows the event-by-event determination of the atomic number Z and mass-to-charge ratio
A/Q of fragments5) .
Table 1. Summary of the experimental conditions.
136
128
Setting
Sn
Pd
Target (mm)Be 2.92
Be 2.92
8.004
7.391
Bρ a (Tm)
Degrader at F1 (mm)Al 2.82
Al 2.82
Degrader at F5 (mm)Al 2.46
Al 2.46
F1 slit (mm)+43.0/−64.2 +22.0/−64.2
F2 slit (mm)+12.0/−18.0+8.0/−12.0
Irradiation time (h)
99.6
102.9
a
Values from the magnetic fields of the first dipole magnet.

Fig. 1. Two-dimensional PID plot of Z versus A/Q for the136
Sn setting. Red line indicates the limit of known
isotopes.

Figure 1 shows a two-dimensional PID plot of Z
versus A/Q for the 136 Sn setting. The solid red line
indicates the limit of known isotopes. The relative

References
1) G. Lorusso et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, x(2013).
2) G.S. Simpson et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 22(2013).
3) H. Watanabe et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 152501(2013).
4) T. Kubo et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
5) N. Fukuda et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 317, 323(2013).

∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton∗3 LPSC, Grenoble∗4 Instituto de Estructura de la Materia∗5 IEM-CSIC, Madrid, Spain∗6 Department of Physics, Peking University∗7 Department of Physics, Tohoku University∗8 Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain∗9 MTA Atomki, Debrecen, Hungary∗10 International Research Center for Nuclei and Particles in the
Cosmos, Beihang University∗11 School of Physics and Nuclear Energy Engineering, Beihang
University∗12 Department of Physics, University of Tokyo∗2- 47 -

Ⅱ-1. Nuclear Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Charge-state determination for new isotopes near the proton drip-line
Y. Ohkoda,*1,*3 T. Kubo,*1 N. Fukuda,*1 N. Inabe,*1 H. Takeda,*1 D. Kameda,*1 H. Suzuki,*1 K. Yoshida,*1 K. Kusaka,*1
K. Tanaka,*1 Y. Yanagisawa,*1 M. Ohtake,*1 H. Sato,*1 Y. Shimizu,*1 H. Baba,*1 M. Kurokawa,*1 K. Ieki,*1,*2 D. Murai,*1,*2
N. Iwasa,*1,*3 A. Chiba,*1,*3 E. Ideguchi,*4 S. Go,*1,*5 R. Yokoyama,*5 T. Fujii,*5 D. Nishimura,*1,*6 H. Nishibata,*1,*7
S. Momota,*1,*8 M. Lewitowicz,*9 G. DeFrance,*9 I. Celikovic,*9 K. Steiger,*10 O. B. Tarasov,*1,*11 D. Bazin,*1,*11
D. J. Morrissey,*1,*11 and B. M. Sherrill*1,*11
resolution by selecting the stropping range according to theB measurement or by using silicon detectors whose deadlayer thickness is significantly small.
We can select events of fully stripped isotopes from a Z
versus Z-Q plot, where Z-Q gives the number of electrons.
Figure 2 shows a Z versus A-2Q PID plot for the fully
stripped events (Z-Q = 0). Here, the Z value is obtained
from the E-TOF-B method, while A-2Q is calculatedusing the A and Q values obtained in the present work. Notethat for isotopes with A/Z ~ 2, the resolution of A-2Q iscomparable to the A/Q resolution achieved by the
E-TOF-B method, because of the nature of error
propagation.
As shown in Fig. 2, the present TKE measurement
confirms the identification of four new isotopes, 81.82Mo and
85,86
Ru, which we previously observed using theE-TOF-B method.2) This also confirms that the newisotopes are fully stripped.
0.3

Q resoluon(σ)

Particle identification (PID) based on the E-TOF-B
method, in which atomic number Z and mass-to-charge
ratio A/Q are calculated from measured energy loss (E),time of flight (TOF), and magnetic rigidity (B), does notwork well for isotopes whose A/Z value is close to an
integer number, such as 2 or 3. This is becausehydrogen-like and fully stripped events are very closely
located in a Z versus A/Q PID plot. In these cases,
measurement of total kinetic energy (TKE) is additionallyneeded to identify the charge state. We performed such TKE
measurement to calculate the charge state number Q for
medium heavy proton-rich isotopes with A/Z ~ 2.
The experiment was performed in December 2011 at
RIBF using a 124Xe beam at 345 MeV/nucleon. The
BigRIPS separator1) was used to separate and identify
produced isotopes, and was tuned for very proton-richisotopes with Z = 30-45. The PID based on the E-TOF-B
method was made at the second stage of the BigRIPS
separator.2) The TKE measurement was made using a stackof eleven 1-mm-thick silicon detectors, placed downstreamof the BigRIPS separator. The energy loss data from thesilicon detectors were added to calculate the TKE. We
calculated the A value from the TKE and TOF, and the Q
value from the A/Q value obtained by the E-TOF-B
method.
The relative resolution achieved in the TKE measurement
is 0.48% on average. The resulting Q resolution was
calculated to be  = 0.25 on average, which allows 4.0
separation for Q = 1 in charge-state identification plot. We
observed the dependence of Q resolution on the stopping
range in the silicon stack detector. Figure 1 shows the Q
resolution as a function of the stopping range of the isotopes,
where some deterioration of the Q resolution is observed
around a certain value of stopping range. This can be
attributed to a thin dead layer on the surface of the silicondetectors. We expect that it is possible to improve the Q

81Zr
82Zr
83Zr
86Mo
85Mo
85Nb
84Nb
79Y
80Y
81Y
78Sr

0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
4,500

5,000

5,500

6,000

Stopping range in Si[μm]Fig.1 Charge state (Q) resolution as a function of the stopping range*1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University*3
Department of Physics, Tohoku University*4
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University*5
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo*6
Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science*7
Department of Physics. Osaka University*8
Kochi University of Technology*9Grand Accelerateur National d’Ions Lourds*10
Physik Department, Technische Universität München*11
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University*2

Fig. 2 Z versus A-2Q particle identification plot for projectile fragments
produced in the reaction 124Xe+Be at 345 MeV/nucleon.

References

1) T. Kubo et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
2) H. Suzuki et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 317, 756 (2013).

- 48 -

2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Giant monopole resonances in covariant finite-amplitude method†
H. Z. Liang,∗1 T. Nakatsukasa,∗1 Z. M. Niu,∗2 and J. Meng∗1,∗3
During the past decades, the covariant density functional theory has received widespread attention because it has successfully described many nuclear phenomena1) . In this report, we mainly focus on the recent progress in the self-consistent relativistic randomphase approximation (RPA) established by using theﬁnite-amplitude method (FAM).
The RPA is one of the leading theories applicable
to both low-lying excited states and giant resonances.
In the relativistic framework, quantitative RPA calculations were realized after recognizing the importanceof the Dirac sea. Subsequently, great eﬀorts on therelativistic RPA have been made. However, most investigations are essentially restricted within sphericalsymmetry. The conventional RPA calculations in thematrix form face a signiﬁcant computational challenge
when the number of particle-hole (ph) conﬁgurations
Nph becomes large.
The so-called ﬁnite-amplitude method was proposed
as a promising solution for this computational challenge2,3) . In this method, the eﬀects of residual interactions are numerically evaluated by considering a ﬁnite density deviation around the ground state. Thus,
the self-consistent RPA calculations become possible
with a slight extension of the static Hartree-Fock code.
Furthermore, by using the iterative methods, the com3
putation time linearly depends on Nph , instead of Nph,in the diagonalization scheme, which is crucial whenNph becomes large.
Work is in progress for developing the self-consistent
relativistic RPA by using both the iterative and matrix
FAM schemes, i.e., i-FAM and m-FAM, the detailed
formalism of which can be found in the original article† .
In Fig. 1, we show the isoscalar giant monopole resonances (ISGMR) in 208 Pb calculated with the relativistic parametrization DD-PC1. The eﬀects of the Diracsea and the rearrangement terms can be examined byswitching on or oﬀ the corresponding ph residual interactions.
First, the transition strengths calculated in the mFAM scheme with and without the Dirac sea are compared in the upper panel. It is found that the Dirac sea
shows profound eﬀects on the centroid energy, and theexperimental data4) is reproduced only when the Diracsea is taken into account. Although the eﬀects of the
Dirac sea cannot be isolated in the coordinate-space
representation, it can be clearly seen that the i-FAM
results are exactly above the m-FAM results that in†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Fig. 1. ISGMR in 208 Pb calculated using i-FAM and mFAM. The results calculated with and without the Diracsea and the rearrangement terms are compared. The
experimental centroid energy4) is denoted by the arrow.

clude the Dirac sea. This conﬁrms that these two FAM
schemes are equivalent and the eﬀects of Dirac sea canbe taken into account automatically and implicitly.
It is tedious to calculate the rearrangement terms
in the conventional RPA calculations; in contrast, in
FAM, these terms can be simply taken into account by re-calculating the coupling strengths with newdensities. In the lower panel, the transition strengthsof ISGMR calculated using m-FAM with and without
the rearrangement terms are shown, together with thei-FAM results calculated without the rearrangement terms. The equivalency of these two FAM schemesis demonstrated once more. It is also found that therearrangement eﬀects on the centroid energies is quantitatively substantial.
References
1) J. Meng et al.: Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 57, 470 (2006).
2) T. Nakatsukasa, T. Inakura, and K. Yabana: Phys. Rev.
C 76, 024318 (2007).
3) T. Nakatsukasa: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 01A207(2012).
4) D. H. Youngblood et al.: Phys. Rev. C 69, 034315(2004).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 87, 054310(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Physics and Material Science, Anhui University
School of Physics, Peking University- 49 -

1

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Spin-orbit eﬀects on pseudospin symmetry†
H. Z. Liang,∗1 S. H. Shen,∗2 P. W. Zhao,∗2 S. Q. Zhang,∗2 and J. Meng∗1,∗2
Pseudospin symmetry (PSS)1,2) was introduced in1969 to explain the near degeneracy between pairs of
nuclear single-particle states with the quantum numbers (n−1, l+2, j = l+3/2) and (n, l, j = l+1/2). They
are regarded as the pseudospin doublets with modiﬁed
quantum numbers (ñ = n − 1, ˜l = l + 1, j = ˜l ± 1/2).
Although this concept was introduced for more than 40
years ago, the origin of PSS and its breaking mechanism in realistic nuclei have not been fully understood.
Speciﬁcally, determining whether its nature is perturbative remains an unsolved problem.
Recently, we used the perturbation theory to investigate the symmetries of the Dirac Hamiltonian andtheir breaking in realistic nuclei3) , which provides aclear and quantitative way for investigating the perturbative nature of PSS. On the other hand, supersymmetric (SUSY) quantum mechanics can provide a
PSS-breaking potential without singularity, and naturally interpret the unique feature that all states with
˜l > 0 have their own pseudospin partners except for the
intruder states4) . Then, the similarity renormalizationgroup (SRG) technique ﬁlls the gap between the perturbation calculations and the SUSY descriptions bytransforming the Dirac Hamiltonian into a diagonal
form and keeping every operator Hermitian5,6) .
Therefore, understanding the PSS and its breaking
mechanism in a quantitative manner by combining the
SRG technique, SUSY quantum mechanics, and perturbation theory is considered promising.
Here, we highlight the PSS-breaking potentials
ṼPSO (r), which are derived from the Dirac equation
with the SRG and SUSY transformations.
In the upper panel of Fig. 1, the ṼPSO (r) obtained
without and with the spin-orbit (SO) term are shownfor the f˜ orbitals. These potentials show several
special features, which are crucial for understanding
the PSS: (i) They are regular functions of r. (ii)
Their amplitudes directly determine the sizes of reduced pseudospin-orbit (PSO) splittings ∆EPSO ≡(Ej< − Ej> )/(2˜l + 1) according to the perturbation
theory. (iii) Their shape, being negative at small radius but positive at large radius with a node at thesurface region, can explain the general tendency of
the PSO splittings becoming smaller with increasing
single-particle energies.
To identify the SO eﬀects, the ṼPSO (r) obtained with
the SO term is further decomposed into the contributions of the indirect and direct SO eﬀects, because theformer one represents the SO eﬀects on ṼPSO (r) via the†∗1∗2

superpotentials, while the latter is the SO potential itself. Comparison with the result obtained without the
SO term shows that the indirect eﬀect is small andeventually results in less inﬂuence due to the cancellation between the inner and outer regions. On theother hand, the SO potential is always positive with apeak at surface. It substantially raises the ṼPSO (r), in
particular for the surface region.
All of these properties are shown in the lower panel of Fig. 1, in which ∆EPSO are shown as a functionof Eav = (Ej< + Ej> )/2. ∆EPSO match the amplitudes of ṼPSO (r). The decreasing PSO splittings withincreasing single-particle energies is due to the special
shape of ṼPSO (r). The SO term reduces ∆EPSO systematically, and this eﬀect can be understood now ina quantitative manner.

Fig. 1. Upper panel: PSS-breaking potentials ṼPSO (r) obtained with and without SO term. The former one isdecomposed into the indirect and direct the SO eﬀects.
Lower panel: ∆EPSO vs Eav with and without the SOl ∓ 1/2 states.
term, where j< , j> stand for the ˜

References
1) A. Arima, M. Harvey, and K. Shimizu: Phys. Lett. B
30, 517 (1969).
2) K. Hecht and A. Adler: Nucl. Phys. A 137, 129 (1969).
3) H. Z. Liang et al.: Phys. Rev. C 83, 041301(R) (2011).
4) S. Typel: Nucl. Phys. A 806, 156 (2008).
5) J.-Y. Guo: Phys. Rev. C 85, 021302(R) (2012).
6) J.-Y. Guo et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 062502 (2014).

Condensed from the articles in Phys. Rev. C 87, 014334(2013) and ibid. 88, 024311 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Physics, Peking University- 50 -

1

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Shape evolution of giant resonances in Nd and Sm isotopes †K. Yoshida∗1 and T. Nakatsukasa∗2
A giant resonance (GR) is a typical high-frequency
collective mode of excitation in nuclei. Eﬀects of nuclear deformation on GRs have been investigated bothexperimentally and theoretically. Among them, thedeformation splitting of the isovector giant dipole resonance (GDR), due to diﬀerent frequencies of oscillations along the major and minor axes, is well established. Emergence of a double-peak structure of
the photoabsorption cross section of 150 Nd and 152 Sm
clearly indicates the onset of the deformation in the
ground state. For the GRs with higher multipolarity, although deformation splitting is less pronounced,
peak broadening has been observed. The detailed andsystematic investigations of GRs would give us uniqueinformation on the shape transition in nuclei.
In contrast to low-energy modes of excitation, GRs
substantially reﬂect bulk nuclear properties. Thus,
their studies may provide information on nuclear matter. Although various macroscopic models have been
applied to GRs, a quantitative description of GRs requires a microscopic treatment of nuclear response.
For heavy deformed open-shell nuclei, the leading theory currently for this purpose is the quasiparticlerandom-phase approximation (QRPA) based on the
nuclear energy-density-functional (EDF) method. The
QRPA based on the deformed ground-state conﬁguration with superﬂuidity can treat a variety of excitationsin the linear regime.
We develop a new calculation code of the deformed
HFB and QRPA for use in the massively parallel computers to examine the applicability of the SkyrmeEDF-based QRPA to the excitation modes in heavy
deformed systems. Using this new parallelized code,
the deformation eﬀects on the GRs in Nd and Sm isotopes are investigated. We perform numerical analysis for GRs with a multipolarity L = 0 − 3 with bothisoscalar (IS) and isovector (IV) characters, and examine the incompressibility and the eﬀective mass bothin spherical and deformed nuclei.
Figure 1 shows the strength distributions of IS
monopole and quadrupole excitations in the Sm isotopes. We discuss ﬁrst the giant quadrupole resonance(GQR). With an increase in the mass number, the peakenergy of the ISGQR becomes smaller. This is consistent with the experiment on the systematic observation1),2) . The K splitting, EK=2 − EK=0 , for the
ISGQR is 2.8 MeV in 154 Sm. This is consistent withthe experimental observation. Since the energy split†∗1∗2

Fig. 1. Strength distributions (shifted) of (a) ISGMR and(b) ISGQR in Sm isotopes.

ting associated with deformation is comparable to thesmearing parameter of 2 MeV, the deformation splitting, which is clearly visible in the photoabsorption
cross sections does not appear in the ISGQR.
Next, let us discuss the giant monopole resonance(GMR). In the spherical nuclei, we can see a sharp
peak at around 15 MeV which is identiﬁed as the ISGMR. The ISGMR in deformed nuclei has a doublepeak structure. The higher-energy peak of the IS
monopole strength is identiﬁed as a primal ISGMR
and the lower-energy peak is associated with the coupling to the K π = 0+ component of the ISGQR. The
lower peak of the ISGMR around 11 MeV is locatedat the peak position of the K π = 0+ component of the
ISGQR.
For the ISGMR in 154 Sm, the SkM* functional gives
the excitation energy, which is very close to the observed value1) . However, in 144 Sm, the SkM* underestimates the observation, and the SLy4 gives the reasonable energy. The present calculation suggests that thenuclear-matter incompressibility corresponds to about
230 MeV, as deduced from the comparison of the GMR
excitation energy for 144 Sm, and 210 MeV for 154 Sm.
References
1) M. Itoh et al.: Phys. Rev. C 68, 064602 (2003).
2) D. H. Youngblood et al.: Phys. Rev. C 69, 034315(2004).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C. 88, 034309(2013)
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 51 -

1

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Tensor force and shape evolution of Si isotopes in
Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model†
A. Li,∗1 X. -R. Zhou,∗1 and H. Sagawa∗2,∗3
state using weak nucleon pairing may stem from awell-known fact that the pairing interaction forms theJ = 0+ pairs of identical particles that have spherically symmetric wave functions. As a result, nuclei
tend to be more spherical when a strong pairing coupling exists between neutrons and protons as in thecases of T22 and T44; otherwise nuclei are more likely
to be deformed, as in the cases of T24, T64, and T66.
This suggests that the resulting shape of a nucleus issensitive to the nucleon pairing in this nucleus, andthe experimentally determined deformed shape of 30 Si
suggests that a relatively weak paring correlation ispresent in the Skyrme eﬀective forces T24, T64 andT66. We also notice that a large tensor force present
in T64 and T66 tends to produce a deep energy surface; i.e., the tensor force exerts a dramatic eﬀect thatmaintains a deformed ground state in 30 Si. The eﬀectof the tensor force is also observed in 32 Si as shownin the right panel of Fig. 1. Its shape is predicted to
be spherical using T22, T24, and T44 but oblate using
T64 and T66 with large tensor forces. The sphericalresult in the ﬁrst three cases is obviously not consistent
with experiments, and the shape change from spherical to oblate when introducing a large tensor force isintriguing.
In summary, we used the DSHF model to investigate
the shape evolution of the quadruple deformation of Si
isotopic nuclei. We found interesting manifestations of
the tensor force and pairing eﬀect in several isotopic
nuclei, such as 30 Si and 32 Si. The eﬀect of tensor force
is observed when we compare the predicted shape of32
Si using increasing tensor forces in the HF energy
density. The tensor-force-driven deformation in these
nuclei should be investigated in more details because
it may result in a further improvement of many theoretical models or parameterizations toward a better
description of theories on the shell structures of nuclei
in general, such as the shell model and SHF model.

In the present study, we focus on the tensor effect on the shape evolution of Si isotopes. We determined whether the tensor-force-driven deformation
is present in neutron-rich Si isotopes, especially 30 Siwith a possible N = 16 subshell, because some models (e.g., the FRDM) predicted a spherical shape forthese nuclei1) while their large B(E2) values suggested
a deformed nature2) . For this purpose, we use thedeformed Skyrme-Hartree-Fock model (DSHF)3) withBCS approximation for the nucleon pairing. We show
in Fig. 1 the energy curves of 30 Si (left panel) and32
Si (right panel) as a function of the quadruple deformation parameter β2 using the Skyrme interactions
with tensor terms T22, T24, T44, T64, and T664) .
The energy minima are indicated with triangles. 30 Si
is suggested to be deformed, but T22 and T44 withrelatively large pairing strengths (∼ 1000 MeV) failto give deformed energy minima. In contrary, a deformed ground state can be achieved using the T24,
T64 and T66 parametrization with a small pairingstrength (∼ 800 MeV). Moreover, the predicted oblate
shape of these nuclei is consistent with the recent RMF
result5) . A possibility of achieving a deformed ground

References
1) T.R. Werner et al., Nucl. Phys. A597 327 (1996).
2) R. W. Ibbotson et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 2081 (1998).
3) D. Vautherin, Phys. Rev. C 7, 296 (1973).
4) T. Lesinski et al., Phys. Rev. C 76, 014312 (2007).
5) Z. P. Li, J. M. Yao, D. Vretenar, T. Niksic, H. Chen,
and J. Meng, Phys. Rev. C84, 054304 (2011).

Fig. 1. (Color online) Energy curves of 30 Si (left panel) and32
Si (right panel) as a function of the quadruple deformation parameter β2 using the Skyrme interactions
T22, T24, T44, T64, and T66. The energy minima are
indicated with triangles.
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
063D03(2013)
Department of Astronomy and Institute of Theoretical
Physics and Astrophysics, Xiamen University
RIKEN Nishina Center
University of Aizu

- 52 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Incompressibility in finite fermionic systems: application to stableand exotic nuclei†
E. Khan,∗1 N. Paar,∗2 D. Vretenar,∗2 L.G. Cao,∗3 H. Sagawa,∗4,∗5 and G. Colò∗6150

Recently, it has been inferred that the measurementof isoscalar giant monopole resonances (GMRs) may
probe the incompressibility of the nucleus in a range
below the saturation density, rather than exactly at
the saturation density1) . Recent measurements of isotopic chains2,3) , possibly extended to exotic nuclei4,5) ,are therefore relevant for constraining this more general density-dependent incompressibility. The use of
isotopic chains also provided opportunities to study
pairing and shell eﬀects on incompressibility. It has
been shown that one cannot rule out shell and pairingeﬀects on nuclear incompressibility6,7) . We therefore
focus on the nuclear incompressibility along isotopic
chains and through magicity.
The calculations following fully microscopic approaches based on the energy density functionals(EDFs) to predict the GMR position are usually performed using the constrained Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(CHFB) or the quasiparticle random-phase approximation (QRPA) approaches8) . In the present study,
we calculate the GMR energy for the Skyrme EDF
with the CHFB approach. For completeness, results
obtained using Skyrme and relativistic functionals arealso given using the QRPA approach.
The results obtained using the various methods mentioned above are displayed in Fig. 1 for Sn and Pb isotopic chains. The nuclear incompressibility of a ﬁnite
nucleus KA is evaluated using
KA =2A⟨r2 ⟩2g.s.
,
m−1

140
130

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

Pb

KA (MeV)

Sn

120
110
100
90

100

120

140

160

180

200

A

220

240

260

280

300

Fig. 1. Nuclear incompressibility in Sn and Pb isotopic
chains calculated using the microscopic Skyrme-CHFB
method (circles), the Skyrme-QRPA method (triangles)
and relativistic QRPA method (squares).

link between the incompressibility and the zero-point
kinetic energy T0 , implying that incompressibility isrooted in the localization properties of the constituentsof the system. The HO model provides KA ≃5T0 ,showing that 140 MeV is a sound estimation of thenuclear incompressibility in stable nuclei.
In order to study the evolution of nuclear incompressibility along isotopic chains, several microscopic
EDF-based approaches have been used. In the case of
exotic nuclei, a decrease in KA is predicted in all themodels because of the emergence of a soft monopole
strength. These results conﬁrm the important role ofthe soft monopole resonance, and attempting to detect
it would be useful. More generally, the behavior of the
GMR in exotic nuclei and/or beyond magicity should
be studied experimentally. Measurements of the GMR
around 132 Sn and 210 Pb would be of interest.

(1)

where m−1 is the inverse energy-weighted sum rule and⟨r2 ⟩g.s. is the mean-square radius of the ground state.
First, it should be noted that the three microscopic
methods provide KA values that do not diﬀer by morethan 10%. The nuclear incompressibility KA is almost
constant at 140 MeV around stable nuclei but changes
as a function of A in the case of more exotic nuclei.
The incompressibility of fermionic systems has beenstudied using several approaches. Analytical relations
using simple free Fermi gas and spherical Harmonic
Oscillator (HO) models allowed us to show the direct
†

CHFB
RQRPA
QRPA

References
1) E. Khan, J. Margueron and I. Vidaña, Phys. Rev. Lett.
109, 092501 (2012).
2) T. Li et al., Phys. Rev. C81, 034309 (2010).
3) U. Garg, COMEX3 conference, Mackinac Island (2009).
4) C. Monrozeau et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 042501(2008).
5) M. Vandebrouck et al., Exp. E456a performed at
GANIL (2010).
6) J. Li, G. Colò and J. Meng, Phys. Rev. C78, 064304(2008).
7) E. Khan, Phys. Rev. C80, 011307(R) (2009)8) N. Paar, D. Vretenar, E. Khan and G. Colò, Rep. Prog.
Phys. 70, 691 (2007)

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C. 87,
064311(2013)
Institut de Physique Nucléaire, Université Paris-Sud,
IN2P3-CNRS
Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb
Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Science
RIKEN Nishina Center
Mathematics and Physics, University of Aizu
Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi and INFN
Sez. di Milano- 53 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Competition between T =1 and T =0 pairing in pf shell nuclei with
N = Z†
H. Sagawa,∗1,∗2 Y. Tanimura,∗3 and K. Hagino∗3−0.2

The role of the neutron-proton isoscalar spin-triplet(T =0, S=1) pairing interaction in ﬁnite nuclei has
been a topic of discussion for long.1–3) The isoscalar
spin-triplet pairing interaction is known to be stronger
than the isovector spin-singlet (T =1, S=0) one innuclear matter.4) Nevertheless, nuclei favor the spinsinglet T =1 pairing between identical particles. A
straightforward explanation for this contradiction isthat most stable nuclei have diﬀerent numbers of neutrons and protons; thus, protons and neutrons occupy
diﬀerent single-particle orbits near the Fermi surface,which leads to the inhibition of T =0 pairing. It wasalso suggested that the nuclear spin-orbit ﬁeld largely
suppresses the spin-triplet pairing, much more than
the spin-singlet pairing.5,6)
To clarify the role of T = 0 pairing, we diagonalize the Hamiltonian with the spin-singlet and spintriplet pairing terms in pf shell model conﬁgurations
for nuclei with the same number of protons and neutrons, N = Z. The pairing correlation energies ofthe (J π = 0+ , T =1) and (J = 1+ , T =0) states areshown in Fig. 1 as a function of the scaling factor
f for the T = 0 pairing. The lowest energy statewith J π =0+ for the l = 3 case acquires more binding
energy than the J π =1+ state for the strength factor
f < 1.5. In the case of strong T =0 pairing, that is,f ≥ 1.6, the J π =1+ state acquires more binding energy than the lowest J π =0+ state. These results arelargely attributed to the quenching of the T =0 pairing matrix element by the transformation coeﬃcient
corrsponding to a change of the scheme from the jj
coupling to LS coupling. This quenching never happens for the T =1 pairing matrix element, since themapping of the two-particle wave function between thetwo √coupling schemes is simply implemented by a factor j + 1/2. For the l = 1 case, there is a competition between the J π =0+ and the J π =1+ states as
seen in Fig. 1. Because of smaller spin-orbit splittingin this case, the couplings among the available conﬁgurations are rather strong, and the lowest J π =1+ state
acquires more binding energy than the J π =0+ state
when f ≥ 1.4. These results are consistent with thespins observed for N = Z odd-odd nuclei in the pf
shell, where all the ground states have the spin-parity
58
J π = 0+ , except for 58
29 Cu. The ground state of 29 Cuπ+
has J = 1 , because the odd proton and odd neutron
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Pairing Correlation Energy (MeV)

−0.4
−0.6
−0.8
−1
−1.2
−1.4
−1.6
−1.8
−2
0.8

l=1 with T=0
l=3 with T=0
l=1 with T=1
l=3 with T=1
1

1.2

T=0

f=G

T=1

1.4

1.6

1.8

/G

Fig. 1. (Color online) Pairing correlation energies for thelowest (J π = 0+ , T =1) and (J = 1+ , T =0) states withthe l = 3 and l = 1 configurations as a function of thescaling factor f of the T = 0 pairing. The strengthof the spin-singlet T =1 pairing interaction is fixed at
G(T =1) =24/A MeV with mass A=56, while the strength
for the spin-triplet T =0 pairing interaction, G(T =0) , isvaried with the factor f multiplied by G(T =1) .

occupy mainly the 2p orbits, wherein the spin-orbit
splitting is expected to be much smaller than in 1f
orbits.
In summary, by diagonalizing the pairing Hamiltonian, we have shown that the spin-triplet pairing correlation energy in the 1f shell conﬁguration becomeslarger than the spin-singlet pairing energy when thestrength of the spin-triplet pairing is larger than thatof the spin-singlet pairing by a factor of 1.6 or more.
However, for the 2p conﬁguration, the spin-triplet pairing correlation becomes dominant even when the factor
f is approximately 1.4.
References
1) A. L. Goodman, Nucl. Phys. A186, 475(1972); Phys.
Rev. C60, 014311(1999).
2) A. O. Macchiavelli et al., Phys. Rev. C61, 041303(R)(2000);
A. O. Macchiavelli et al., Phys. Lett. B480, 1(2000).
3) A. F. Lisetskiy et al., Phys. Rev. C68, 034316 (2003).
4) M. Baldo, U. Lombardo, and P. Schuck, Phys. Rev.
C52, 975(1995); L. G. Cao, U. Lombardo, and P.
Schuck, Phys. Rev. C74,064301(2006).
5) A. Poves and G. Martinez-Pinedo, Phys. Lett. B430,
203(1998).
6) G. F. Bertsch and Y. Luo, Phys. Rev. C81,
064320(2010).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 87, 034310(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Mathematics and Physics, the University of Aizu
Department of Physics, Tohoku University- 54 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Joint project for large-scale nuclear structure calculations
N. Shimizu,∗1 T. Otsuka,∗1,∗2 T. Togashi,∗1 N. Tsunoda,∗2 and Y. Utsuno∗1,∗3

∗1
∗2
∗3

cussed the deformation from the potential energy surfaces by the Q-constrained Hartree-Fock calculation.8)

Excitation energy [MeV]A joint project for large-scale nuclear structure calculations has been under way since the year 2001,
based on a collaboration agreement between RIKEN
Nishina Center and Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo. We maintain PC servers, one of whichhas 1TB main memory and is suitable for large-scale
nuclear shell-model calculations. In this project, we
performed various shell-model calculations of the nuclides that had been measured at the RIKEN RI Beam
Factory, such as 54 Ca, 34 Na, 35 Na, 37 Mg, 50 Ar, and55
Sc, under collaborations with many experimentalists.
1,2)
Since these collaborations are presented in other reports, we here introduce two theoretical achievementsof this project in 2013: The extended Kuo-Krenciglowa
method and the shell-model analysis of Cr isotopes.
Until recently, most shell-model calculations wereconfined to a single oscillator shell like the sd shellor the pf shell. However, recent interest in nuclei
away from the stability line requires larger shell-model
spaces. Because the derivation of microscopic effective interactions has been limited to degenerate model
spaces, there are both conceptual and practical limits to shell-model calculations that utilize those interactions. We develop a method to calculate effective
interactions for a nondegenerate model space, basedon the extended Kuo-Krenciglowa method, which is anatural extension of the conventional Kuo-Krenciglowa
method.3,4) We calculated effective interactions within(i) a single oscillator shell (a so-called degeneratemodel space) like the sd shell or the pf shell and (ii)
two major shells (nondegenerate model space) like thesdf 7p3 shell (sd shell, 0f7/2 and 1p3/2 ) or the pf g9 shell(pf shell and 0g9/2 ). We also calculated the energy levels of several nuclei that have two valence nucleons on
top of an inert core. Our results show that the present
method works excellently in shell-model spaces thatcomprise several oscillator shells as well as in a single
oscillator shell. This work is published in 2014.5)
The experimental observation in odd-mass neutronrich Cr isotopes revealed that the excitation energy of
9/2+
1 state decreases considerably with increasing neutron number.6) We performed shell-model calculations
for these Cr isotopes with pf g9d5 model space, which
consists of a full pf shell, 0g9/2 , 1d5/2 orbits, with acertain truncation. We introduced a new Hamiltonian,which is composed of the GXPF1Br effective interaction1) for the pf shell and VMU 7) for the rest of themodel space. The shell-model result agrees adequately
with experimental data, as shown in Fig.1. We also dis-

12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4 15/23 13/211/22 9/29/21 5/2-7/25/20 3/2-

EXP

33/2+

29/2+

25/2+
19/217/217/215/215/213/211/29/2-9/27/25/25/23/2-

This work

33/2+
29/2+
25/2+

21/2+

21/2+

17/2+

17/2+

13/2+

13/2+

9/2+

9/2+

EXP

This work

Fig. 1. The level scheme of 57 Cr. The columns labeled‘EXP’ and ‘This work’ represent the experimental data
and the results of the shell-model calculation, respectively. The dashed lines denote the unassigned spinstates.

References
1) D. Steppenbeck et al.: Nature 502, 207 (2013).
2) T. Nakamura et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. submitted.
3) T. T. S. Kuo and E. Osnes: Lecture Notes in Physics
Vol. 364 (Springer, Berlin, 1990).
4) K. Takayanagi: Nucl. Phys. A 852, 61 (2011); ibid.
Nucl. Phys. A 864, 91 (2011).
5) N. Tsunoda, K. Takayanagi, M. Hjorth-Jensen and T.
Otsuka: Phys. Rev. C, 89, 024313 (2014).
6) D. E. Appelbe et al.: Phys. Rev. C 67, 034309 (2003),
S. J. Freeman et al.: Phys. Rev. C 74, 064301 (2004),
A. N. Deacon et al.: Phys. Lett. B 622, 151 (2005).
7) T. Otsuka et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 012501 (2010).
8) N. Shimizu et al.: Phys. Rev. C 85, 054301 (2012).

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of TokyoJapan Atomic Energy Agency- 55 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Pairing correlation and quasi-particle resonances in neutron drip-line
nucleiY. Kobayashi∗1 and M. Matsuo∗2
In neutron drip-line nuclei, which have an extremely
shallow Fermi surface, the pairing correlation is expected to inﬂuence low-energy scattering and resonances of a neutron. An interesting phenomenon
predicted in the theory of superﬂuid nuclei is quasiparticle resonance.1–3) A scattering neutron can couple to a hole state by creating a Cooper pair and thus
resulting in a narrow resonance. The quasi-particle
resonance has also been studied for neutron drip-line
nuclei.4–6) As neutron drip-line nuclei are expected toprovide better opportunities for observation of quasiparticle resonance, we study these drip-line nuclei toclarify the properties of quasi-particle resonance. In
the present study, we focus on the inﬂuence of the pairing on the resonance width.
We use the coordinate space Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov(cHFB) equation7) to describe the scattering wave
function of a neutron under the pairing eﬀect. We
solve the cHFB equation such that the quasi-particle
wave function satisﬁes the scattering boundary condition:())(
cos δlj jl (k1 r) − sin δlj nl (k1 r)
ulj (r),(1)→(1)
vlj (r)Dhl (κ2 r)√√
where k1 = 2m(λ + E)/h̄, κ2 = −2m(λ − E)/h̄.
Here, m, λ and E are the mass of neutron, Fermi energy and quasi-particle energy, respectively. Next, we
calculate the phase shift δlj and the elastic cross section.
We consider the (46 Si+n) system. According to several HFB calculations, 46 Si is a neutron drip-line nucleus of Si isotopes. We assume that this nucleus has aspherical shape. Note that 46 Si has a weakly bound 2p
orbit. We use the Woods-Saxon potential as the nuclear potential, and the pair potential is also assumed
to have the Woods-Saxon shape. The averaged pairing¯ is a strength of the pair potential.
gap ∆Fig.1 shows the calculated partial cross section. Narrow low-lying peaks seen in p1/2 and p3/2 are thequasi-particle resonances. These peaks disappear if
we switch oﬀ the pairing as they are originally weakly
bound 2p1/2 and 2p3/2 orbits in the Woods-Saxon potential. In order to analyze the eﬀect of pairing on theresonance width, we calculate the width of the p1/2 res¯ We extract the
onance for various pairing strengths ∆.
resonance width and resonance energy from the phaseshift using a ﬁtting method. The green line in Fig.2∗1∗2

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Niigata University- 56 -

shows the relation between the resonance width and¯ As thethe resonance energy for various values of ∆.
pairing strength increases, both the resonance width
and the resonance energy increase. For comparison,
we plot the width vs. energy relation for the singleparticle potential resonance of the 2p1/2 state (red line
in Fig.2), which is obtained by varying the depth of
the Woods-Saxon potential V0 . If we compare these
two results at the same resonance energy, we ﬁnd thatthe width of quasi-particle resonance is narrower than
the width of single-particle potential resonance. We
conclude that the pairing has an eﬀect of reducing theresonance width¯ = 1.0MeV.
Fig. 1. Partial cross section with ∆Fig. 2. Comparison of results of resonance width.

References
1) S. T. Belyaev et al.: Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 45, 783 (1987).
2) A. Bulgac: nucl-th/9907088.
3) J. Dobaczewski et al.: Phys. Rev. C 53, 2809 (1996)
4) M. Grasso et al.: Phys. Rev. C 64, 064321 (2000).
5) I. Hamamoto et al.: Phys. Rev. C 68, 034312 (2003).
6) J. C. Pei et al.: Phys. Rev. C 84, 024311 (2011).
7) J. Dobaczewski et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 422, 103 (1984).

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Di-neutron correlation in pair-addition vibrational mode of theneutron-rich Sn isotopes†
H. Shimoyama∗1 and M. Matsuo∗2
the low-lying pair vibration in 134 Sn has a some degreeof collectivity.
(ad)
Figure 1 shows the transition density Pν0 (r) andthe partial sums of the decomposed transition densi∑
(ad)
(ad)
ties, Pν0,lcut (r) = ii′ ,l≤lcut Pν0,ii′ (r), for various values of the angular momentum cut-oﬀ lcut . Although(ad)the partial sums (Pν0,lcut (r)) of each high-l component
are very small, the inclusion of these small transition
densities is necessary to reproduce the total transition
density. The highest orbital angular momentum of theoccupied Hartree−Fock single particle orbit in 134 Sn
is locc = 5(1h11/2 ). However it is clear that the large
value of the orbital angular momentum contributes tothe total transition density. The coherent accumulation up to high-l contributions in the pair-addition vibrational mode suggests the di-neutron5) correlation
discussed in the same manner in Ref.[4, 6].
We ﬁnd that the di-neutron correlation in the lowlying pair vibration of 132−140 Sn is formed by large
numbers of weakly bound and unbound continuum
quasiparticle states. Therefore, even if the positionsof the quasiparticle states are varied for other Skyrme
parameter sets, this di-neutron character may be observed in the low-lying pair vibration or pair rotationof the neutron-rich Sn isotopes with N ≥ 82.

Recently, two-neutron transfer in unstable nuclei has
attracted attention since the experiments using radioactive ion beams became possible1,2) . Anticipating future experiments, we have been theortically investigating two-neutron transfer modes in heavy-mass
neutron-rich nuclei. A good example is of neutron-rich
Sn isotopes with A ≥ 132, for which we predict enhanced pair-addition transfer populating the groundstates (pair rotation) or the low-lying 0+ states (pairvibration) in the neighboring ∆N = 2 isotopes3) . In
this works we analyze in detail the microscopic structure of the two-neutron transfer modes, and we showthat di-neutron correlation appears in the pair vibrational mode of the neutron-rich Sn.
We describe the two-neutron transfer using the
Hartree−Fock−Bogoliubov (HFB) mean-ﬁeld theory
and the continuum quasiparticle random phase approximation (QRPA)3,4) . The Skyrme functional withthe parameter SLy4 is adopted. For pairing interaction, we choose the density-dependent delta interaction.
We analyze the microscopic structure of the twoneutron transfer modes in the Sn isotopic chain, especially the pair-addition vibrational mode in 132−140 Sn.
Within the QRPA theory, one can characterize an
excitation mode in terms of forward- and backwardpropagating amplitudes Xiiν ′ and Yiiν′ for the twoquasiparticle conﬁguration ii′ = (nlj) (n′ l′ j ′ ). The
index ν is a label for QRPA normal modes, andexcitation energy is denoted as h̄ων . Concerning
the low-lying pair vibration state predicated to appear at h̄ων = 3.81 MeV in 134 Sn, for example,
the main two-quasiparticle conﬁgurations (|Xiiν ′ | >0.1) are [3p3/2 ]2 , [1h9/2 ]2 , [2f7/2 ]2 , [2f5/2 ]2 , [1i13/2 ]2 ,[3p1/2 ]2 , and [3p3/2 ][4p3/2 ]. These quasiparticle orbits
are weakly bound or unbound resonant quasiparticle(ad)states. Similarly, the transition density PνL=0 (r) forthe monopole (L = 0) pair-transfer operator can be de∑
(ad)
(ad)
composed as Pν0 (r) = ii′ Pν0,ii′ (r) in terms of thetwo-quasiparticle conﬁgurations. For the main components, the amplitude of these decomposed transition
densities are signiﬁcantly smaller than that of the total transition density. Even if we sum the main decomposed transition densities, it reproduces approximately
half of the total transition density. This suggests that
†
∗1
∗2

0.5

(b)

r P

2 (ad)-1(r) (fm )

0.4

134

lcut= 12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

Sn

−
hων= 3.81 MeV

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0

2

4

6

8
r (fm)

10

12

14

16

Fig. 1. Decomposition of the pair-addition transition den(ad)sity Pν0,lcut (r) of the pair-addition vibrational mode in134
Sn with respect to the orbital angular momentum
cutoﬀ lcut = 0, 1, 2, · · · , 12. The√ arrow indicates theneutron rms radius RN,rms (= ⟨rn2 ⟩) = 4.93 fm.

References

1) I. Tanihata et al.: Phys. Rev. C 100, 192502 (2008).
2) K. Wimmer et al.: Phys. Rev. C 105, (2010).
3) H. Shimoyama and M. Matsuo: Phys. Rev. C 82,
044317 (2011).
4) Y. Serizawa and M. Matsuo: Prog. Theor. Phys. 121,
97 (2009).
5) G. F. Bertsch and H. Esbensen, Ann. Phys. (NY) 209,327 (1991).
6) M. Matsuo, K. Mizuyama, Y. Serizawa: Phys. Rev. C
71, 064326 (2005).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 88, 054308(2013)
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Graduate
School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Niigata University- 57 -

1

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Angular momentum dependence of moments of inertia due to
Coriolis anti-pairing and blocking eﬀects†
K. Sugawara-Tanabe∗1 and K. Tanabe∗1
In a series of papers,1,2) we have developed the topon-top model to systematically describe the level energies, and B(E2) and B(M1) values for in- and outof-band transitions in the triaxial strongly deformed(TSD) bands in odd-A nuclei. Numerical analysis
have been performed for the TSD bands in odd-mass
Lu isotopes,1) 167 Ta,2) and for the odd-odd nucleus
164Lu.3) Without the angular momentum dependence(I-dependence) of the moments of inertia, the level energies along the TSD bands cannot be reproduced.
In order to investigate how the I-dependence arises,
we take into account both the Coriolis anti-pairing(CAP) eﬀect4) and the blocking eﬀect within theframework of the HFB theory. The cranking eﬀect is
described in terms of the second-order perturbation to
the cranking term in the HFB equation based on the
BCS solution.7) In dealing with the gap equation, we
pay special attention to an integral wherein the ﬁniteness of the system becomes tangible.
For the case of axially symmetric deformation, themoment of inertia Jx is introduced through the constraint for the x-component of angular momentum Ix ,i.e., �Ix � = I − I0 = Jx Ωx , where � � stands for the quasivacuum expectation value. We have assumed thatthe system is independent of rotation (i.e., Ωx = 0) in
the band-head state with I = I0 . Based on Refs.5,6) ,we assume that only large matrix elements of singleparticle angular momentum (jx )αβ have a common excitation energy of δ(= εβ − εα ) between two singleparticle energy levels. Then, using the closure approximation, we get the relation Jx and the rigid-body moments of inertia Jxrig for both even and odd nuclei.
In order to relate the gap value Δ to the angular momentum I, we need to solve the gap equation for botheven and odd nuclei.7) We apply a technique similar tothe one we used for deriving the relation between Jx
and Jxrig for both even and odd nuclei. Assuming that
Δ is still not too small, relevant summations over the
single-particle energies with a level density ρ (= 1/d)
(d is the average distance between single-particle energy levels) can be replaced by integrals. On the other
hand, when Δ is much smaller than d, we carry out thesummation without converting it into an integral, because an abnormal enhancement is found when Δ � d.
We adopt the picket fence approximation for the singleparticle energies. The sum is expanded into an asymptotic series, and we derive the formula using a func†

∗1

J odd

70

J odd

Moments of inertia

2

MeV

80

60

50

J evenJ even

40

30
5

10

15

I I0

20

25

30

35

Fig. 1. Angular momentum dependence of moments of inertia for even and odd-A nuclei.

tional value of the Riemann Zeta function and Euler
constant.
In Fig. 1, we compare J (odd) (solid line) and J (even)(dashed line) for the cases of Δ ≥ d (low-spin part)and Δ � d (high-spin part). We adopt δ = 2 MeV
and Jxrig = 68 MeV−1 ; the starting pairing gap Δ is
0.8 MeV for an even nucleus and 0.6 MeV for an odd
nucleus, and the last single-particle energy in an odd
nucleus is 0.6 MeV based on measurements made fromthe fermi surface.
As shown in the ﬁgure, the increase in the moments
of inertia becomes slow in high-spin parts, whereas
the gap values continue to decrease, maintaining a ﬁnite value. The curve for J (odd) starts from a higher
value than J (even) because of the blocking eﬀect, andit increases gradually, showing concave upward, which
agrees with the curve for the values adopted in Ref..3)

References
1) K. Tanabe and K. Sugawara-Tanabe: Phys. Rev. C 73,
034305 (2006); Phys. Rev. C 77, 064318 (2008).
2) K. Sugawara-Tanabe and K. Tanabe: Phys. Rev. C 82,
051303(R) (2010).
3) K. Sugawara-Tanabe, K. Tanabe and N. Yohinaga:
preprint (2014).
4) B. R. Mottelson and J. G. Valatin: Phys. Rev. Lett. 5,511 (1960).
5) A. Bohr and B. R. Mottelson: N uclear Structure (Benjamin, Reading, MA, 1975), Vol. II.
6) D. Bengtsson and J. Helgessen: Lecture notes in a summer school at Oak Ridge (1991).
7) K. Sugawara: Prog. Theor. Phys. 35, 44 (1966).

Condensed from the article presented at Ferench-Japanese
Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems, 30 Sep.- 3
Oct. 2013, Paris, France
RIKEN Nishina Center- 58 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Energy-density-functional calculations including proton–neutron
mixing†K. Sato,∗1 J. Dobaczewski,∗2,∗3 T. Nakatsukasa,∗1 and W. Satu�la∗2
We performed calculations based on the Skyrme energy density functionals that include an arbitrary mixing between protons and neutrons. This is the ﬁrst
step towards the density functional calculation including proton–neutron (p-n) pairing. The p-n pairing is along-standing open problem in nuclear physics, and its
possible relations to various nuclear phenomena havebeen widely discussed.2) However, in spite of several
theoretical studies over the years since the late sixties,
a consistent theoretical treatment of the p-n pairing is
still missing. Our ultimate goal is to develop a consistent symmetry-unrestricted energy-density-functional(EDF) approach including the p-n mixing both in thepairing and particle–hole (p-h) channels. To treat thep-n pairing within the EDF framework, one needs togeneralize the quasiparticle states as mixtures of protons and neutrons. In connection with this extensionof quasiparticles, one also needs to extend density functionals to those with mixing between protons and neutrons. In this work, as a ﬁrst step in achieving ourgoal, we consider an extension of EDFs including thep-n mixing in the p-h channel, with both the rotational and isospin symmetries conserved. We developed a code for the p-n mixing calculation by extending the code “HFODD,”3) which solves the nuclear
Skyrme–Hartree–Fock(–Bogolyubov) problem by using the Cartesian deformed harmonic-oscillator basis.
In this p-n mixing calculation, we performed the socalled isocranking calculation by adding the isocranking term to the Hamiltonian: ĥ′ = ĥ−⃗λ·ˆ⃗t. Here, ˆ⃗t is theisospin operator. The isocranking term is analogous tothat used in the standard tilted-axis-cranking calculations for high-spin states. By adjusting the isocranking
frequency ⃗λ, we can control the size and direction of theisospin of the system. We ﬁrst performed isocranking
calculations for A = 14 and A = 48 systems with the
Coulomb interaction switched oﬀ, and we conﬁrmedthat our code is correctly implemented. In this case,the total and single-particle energies are independentof the direction of the isospin of the system. Next, we
performed calculations with the Coulomb interaction
included. In this model, isobaric analog states (IASs)
are calculated by adjusting the isocranking frequency.
We developed an eﬃcient method for determining theisocranking frequency, with which we successfully calculated the T ≃ 4 states in A = 40 − 56 isobars.
†

∗1
∗2
∗3

The isocranking calculation is a simple linear constraint method. We also implemented in our code an
improved method for optimization with constraints,
known as “the augmented Lagrange method,” and employed it for the calculation of the high-isospin statesin 48 Cr. Such calculations can be used to study the
nuclear symmetry energy.
In Fig. 1, we plot the energies of the I = 0+ , T = 1
triplet of states in the A = 14 isobars calculated using the SkM* EDF. The Tz = 0 IAS representing
the excited I = 0+ , T = 1 state in 14 N is calculated
by using the isocranking model and is described bya single time-even Slater determinant built of singleparticle p-n mixed orbitals. Fig. 1 illustrates thatthe model is indeed capable of quantitatively describing the excitation energies of the 0+ , T = 1 IASs.
One can see that there is asymmetry between theenergy diﬀerences |E(Tz = 0) − E(Tz = −1)| and|E(Tz = 0) − E(Tz = 1)|, which may be related tocharge asymmetry and independence of the NN interaction. To investigate this point, we also starteda systematic calculation of the T = 1 triplets in the
A=10–58 region.

Energy (MeV)

-98

Calc.
Exp.

-100
-102
-104
-106

-1

-0.5

0

<Tz>

0.5

1

Fig. 1. Energies of T ≃ 1 states in A = 14 isobars in comparison with the experimental data4) . To correct the
deficiency of the SkM* EDF, the calculated curve isshifted up by 3.2 MeV.

References

Condensed from the article in Ref. 1)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Theoretical Physics, Faculty of Physics,Universityof Warsaw
Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä

- 59 -

1) K. Sato et al.: Phys. Rev. C 86, 061301(R) (2013).
2) E. Perlińska et al.: Phys. Rev. C 69, 014316 (2004).
3) N. Schunck et al.: Comput. Phys. Commun. 183, 166(2012); J. Dobaczewski et al. (unpublished).
4) National Nuclear Data Center, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, http://www.nndc.bnl.gov/.

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Skyrme-RPA calculation for octupole vibrations of rotatingsuperdeformed nuclei
M. Yamagami, ∗1 and K. Matsuyanagi∗2
fectively treat the conﬁgurations involving unboundsingle-particle states.
We show the isoscalar octupole transition strengths
for K π = 0− and 1− excitations of the triaxial SD stateof 44 Ti in Figs. 1 and 2. The results with ωrot = 0.0
and 0.6 MeV/h̄ are compared.
In the K π = 1− case, an octupole instability of
the SD yrast states toward a reﬂection-asymmetricshape (banana-like shape) is suggested to take place at
ωrot > 0.6 MeV/h̄ (corresponding to the total angularmomentum I > 5h̄) because of the Coriolis eﬀect.

The superdeformed (SD) shell structure is signiﬁcantly diﬀerent from that of normal deformation. Eachmajor shell at the SD shape consists of about equal
numbers of positive- and negative-parity levels. Thisis a favorable situation for the appearance of negativeparity vibrations. In fact, low-frequency octupole vibrations have been predicted by random phase approximation (RPA) calculations with the Nilsson potential1) and discovered in several experiments for SD nuclei in Dy and Hg-Pb regions.
One of the central issues concerning the collective
motions of SD nuclei is the octupole instability (appearance of the static shape) depending on angular momentum. Several authors have already demonstrated
the importance of the Coriolis force at low-spin bandhead states of octupole vibrational bands.
Recently, SD bands were discovered in 36,40 Ar, 40 Ca,
and 44 Ti. In this mass-number region, we can expect rich experimental information on the collectivemodes of SD nuclei because the observation of rotational bands starting from the 0+ state and the linking
transition between the SD bands and low-lying normal
deformed bands are unique features characterizing the
SD states in the region around mass number A ∼ 40(for example, see Ref.2) ).
In this study, we investigate the rotational eﬀect on
the ocutpole vibrations of SD states in the A ∼ 40 region. We have already demonstrated the low-frequency
octupole vibrations of the 0+ SD states through RPA
calculations with the Skyrme force (Skyrme-RPA)3) .
For the excitations from the SD yrast bands, on theother hand, the Skyrme-RPA calculation has not yet
been performed owing to computational limitations.
We develop a new framework of the Skyrme-RPA
calculation. The single-particle Hamiltonian describing independent-particle motion in the triaxially deformed particle–hole potential that is uniformly rotating with rotational frequency ωrot about the x-axis isadopted; h′ = h − ωrot jx . The Skyrme SkM* interaction is employed for the h. The particle–hole residualinteraction is derived from the Skyrme force throughthe Landau–Migdal approximation:

state

Fig. 1. Isoscalar octupole transition strength for K π = 0−
excitation of the SD state in 44 Ti. The results withωrot = 0.0 and 0.6 MeV/h̄ are compared. The deformation is almost constant at (β2 , γ) = (0.58, 9.4◦ ) in bothcases. B(IS3) is shown in Weisskopf units (W.u.).

state

Fig. 2. The same as Fig. 1 but for K π = 1− excitation.

Vph (r, r′ ) = N0−1 [F0 + F0′ τ · τ ′+ (G0 + G′0 τ · τ ′ ) σ · σ ′ ] δ(r − r′ ).

References

The single-particle wave functions φk and the twoparticle wave functions Ψkk′ = φ†k φk′ are represented
by the Fourier-series expansion method in order to ef∗1∗21) T. Nakatsukasa et al.: Phys. Rev. C 53 , 2213 (1996).
2) E. Ideguchi et al.: Prog. Theor. Phys. Suppl. 196, 427(2012).
3) T. Inakura et al.: Nucl. Phys. A768, 61 (2006).

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Aizu
RIKEN Nishina Center- 60 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Di-neutron correlation in asymptotic tail of weakly bound nuclei
Y. Zhang,∗1 M. Matsuo,∗2 and J. Meng∗3
Neutrons penetrating far outside the nuclear surface
often exhibit exotic features of neutron-rich nuclei close
to the drip-line. An important question is whether andhow neutrons are correlated in the external tail region.
The di-neutron correlation in two-neutron halo nuclei,
such as 11 Li, has attracted attention in this context.1,2)
However, theoretical analyses using the Hartree-FockBogoliubov (HFB) models suggest that the di-neutron
correlation also prevails in heavier mass nuclei, including nuclei close to the stability line.3,4) In the present
work, we attempt to clarify the emergence mechanism of the di-neutron correlation by investigating the
Cooper pair wave function in the Skyrme HFB modelboth numerically and analytically, with a focus on its
asymptotic behavior at large distances.
We have performed a systematic Skyrme HFB calculation5) for even-even Ca, Ni, Zr, and Sn isotopes
ranging from the stability line to the neutron dripline. In order to guarantee convergence at large distances, we solve the HFB equation in the radial coordinate representation, using a very large radial cut-oﬀ
at 100 fm and the orbital angular momentum cut-oﬀ
at l = 72. We then evaluate the neutron pair condensate (equivalent to the pair density and the pairing
tensor) ρ̃(R) ≡ ⟨Φ0 |ψ(R ↑)ψ(R ↓)|Φ0 ⟩ = Ψpair (R, R).
Note that the pair condensate is a part of the neutron
Cooper pair wave function, deﬁned by Ψpair (r 1 , r 2 ) =⟨Φ0 |ψ(r 1 ↑)ψ(r 2 ↓)|Φ0 ⟩ .
The asymptotics of the pair condensate is characterized by an exponential behavior ρ̃(R) → C exp(−κ̃R),
and the exponential constant κ̃ is extracted by a ﬁtting to the microscopically calculated ρ̃(R). As shownin Fig. 1, the extracted exponential constants√ (solidsymbols) follow a universal relation κ̃ = 8m|λ|/h̄,
where λ is the Fermi energy and m is the neutronmass. The result
is diﬀerent from the√√ previous estimate
6,7)κ̃qp = 2m(|λ| + Eqp,l )/h̄ + 2m(|λ| − Eqp,l )/h̄
(open symbols), which relies on the asymptotic behavior of the quasiparticle wave function with the lowest
quasiparticle energy Eqp,l .
The universal relation can be interpreted as the penetration of a di-neutron with mass M = 2m and withthe binding energy given by the √two-neutron separation energy S2n = 2|λ|, i.e. κ̃ = 2M S2n /h̄. We canjustify this interpretation via an analytic and generalexamination of the HFB theory. It should be notedthat in the limit r1 , r2 → ∞, the following two-particle
Schroedinger equation holds for the Cooper pair wave
function:∗1∗2∗3(t(1)+t(2)+v(1, 2))Ψpair (r 1 , r 2 ) = 2λΨpair (r 1 , r 2 )(1)
where v(1, 2) is the nn interaction. As a consequence,
the asymptotic form is given in terms of the di-neutron
coordinate system r = |r 1 − r 2 |, R = |(r 1 + r 2 )/2| asΨpair (r 1 , r 2 ) → C0L=0 ϕL=0(r) exp(−κd R)/R
0

(2)

ϕL=0
(r)
0

for small r. Here,is the wave function of
the S-wave virtual state of the nn system, representing√the di-neutron, and the exponential constantκd = 2M (2|λ|)/h̄ arising from the center of mass
motion of the di-neutron.
We also found that the di-neutron asymptotics,
Eq.(2), dominates in weakly bound neutron-rich nuclei with a small neutron separation energy or small|λ|. Conversely, single-particle (quasiparticle) components also contribute to the asymptotics of the Cooper
pair in nuclei having a larger neutron separation energy, as the single-particle value (open symbol) andthe full value (solid one) coincide in these nuclei. Asa corollary, the condition for the dominance of the dineutron correlation is given as |λ| <∼ ∆ or S2n <∼ 2∆.

Fig. 1. The asymptotic exponential constant κ̃ of the neutron pair condensate ρ̃(R).

References
1) G. F. Bertsch and H. Esbensen: Ann. Phys. (NY) 209,327 (1991).
2) T. Nakamura et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 252502 (2006).
3) M. Matsuo, K. Mizuyama and Y. Serizawa: Phys. Rev. C
71, 064326 (2005).
4) N. Pillet, N. Sandulescu, and P. Schuck: Phys. Rev. C
76, 024310 (2007).
5) Y. Zhang, M. Matsuo, and J. Meng: Phys. Rev. C 86,
054318 (2012).
6) A. Bulgac, preprint FT-194-1980, Bucharest, 1980,
nucl-th/9907088.
7) J. Dobaczewski, W. Nazarewicz, T. R. Werner,
J. F. Berger, C. R. Chinn, and J. Dechargé: Phys. Rev.
C 53, 2809 (1996).

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University (presently Tianjin University)
Department of Physics, Niigata University
School of Physics, Peking University- 61 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Deformed nuclei in the black-sphere approximation
A. Kohama, ∗1 K. Iida,∗1,∗2 K. Oyamatsu,∗1,∗3 and H. Koura∗1,∗4
The size of an atomic nucleus is one of the most fundamental quantities that characterize the bulk properties of the nucleus. It is well known for β stable nuclei in the ground state thanks to systematic measurements of electron and proton elastic differential crosssections. This helps clarify the equation of state of nuclear matter near the saturation point.1) When studying the density derivative L of the symmetry energyof nearly symmetric nuclear matter, the total reaction
cross section, σR , of neutron-rich nuclei is one of themost important observables.
In this work, in order to obtain the value of L, we
focus on the empirical data of the interaction crosssection, σI , measured at ∼900 MeV per nucleon,2,3) asa first step. Since the data of Ne and Mg isotopes at∼240 MeV per nucleon have already been obtained at
the RI Beam Factory of RIKEN,4) systematic analyses
are necessary. For the analyses, we adopt the blacksphere (BS) model of nuclei.
We have so far systematically analyzed the proton
elastic scattering and σR data for stable nuclei at a proton incident energy of Tp ∼ 800–1000 MeV on the basisof a “black-sphere picture” of nuclei.5) We showed thatfor proton beams incident on stable nuclei, the crosssection of a black sphere of radius a, which is determined by fitting the angle of the first elastic diffraction peak calculated for proton diffraction by a circular black disk of radius a to the measured value, isconsistent with the measured σR .5) This finding is also
observed for σR of nucleus-nucleus reactions down toapproximately 100 MeV per nucleon.6)
In the model, the absorption cross section is written
2
by σBS = π (a0 (proj.) + a0 (C)) , where a0 (proj.) is the
BS radius of a projectile. a0 (C) is the BS radius of thetarget C nucleus obtained using the method mentioned
above.5,6) For proton incident energies higher than ∼800 MeV, a0 (C) = 2.69 ± 0.07 fm.
According to the systematic analysis based on amacroscopic nuclear model, at large neutron excess,the calculated nuclear matter radius increases with L
via the L dependence of the nuclear matter saturation
density. It is indispensable to duly incorporate suchdependence into the BS model for application to thereactions involving neutron-rich nuclei.
The relatively large neutron excess of the isotopes of
Ne and Mg is advantageous for studying the value of
L. However, nuclear deformation occurs in this regionof nuclei. We change the black sphere into a spheroidof the same volume to take nuclear deformation into
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Fig. 1. Effect of nuclear deformation on σR as a function ofprojectile mass number, A, indicated by squares withcrosses. The values of β are from SkM*. The spherical cases (◦) are obtained by “BS scaling”, a0 (proj.) ≃1.2135A1/3 fm, in σBS .5) For comparison, we plot theempirical values of σI of A Mg on a carbon target.2,3)

account before discussing the L dependence. The values of the deformation parameter, β, are taken frommicroscopic nuclear structure models.7) Under the adiabatic approximation, the values of σR for deformed
nuclei should be evaluated by angle averaging of thecross section values over the deformation direction of
nuclei.8)
The results are shown in Fig. 1. Although we
adopt the values of β given by a mean field calculation with the effective interaction SkM*, which tends
to offer large deformation, the effect on σR is rather
small. This is consistent with the work of Christley
and Tostevin,8) but inconsistent with the work of Horiuchi et al.9) Before drawing conclusions, we have to
examine the interaction dependence by adopting SLy4,
KTUY,7,10) etc. The study is now in progress.
References
1) K. Oyamatsu et al.: Prog. Theor. Phys. 109, 631 (2003).
2) A. Ozawa et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 693, 32 (2001).
3) R. Kanungo et al.: Phys. Rev. C 83, 021302(R) (2011).
4) M. Takechi et al.: Phys. Lett. B 707, 357 (2012).
5) A. Kohama et al.: Phys. Rev. C 72, 024602 (2005).
6) A. Kohama et al.: Phys. Rev. C 78, 0061601(R) (2008).
7) T. Inakura et al.: Nucl. Phys. A710, 261 (2002).
8) J. A. Christley et al.: Phys. Rev. C 59, 2309 (1999).
9) W. Horiuchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 86, 024614 (2012).
10) H. Koura et al.: Prog. Theo. Phys. 113, 305 (2005).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Depart. of Natural Science, Kochi University
Depart. of Human Informatics, Aichi Shukutoku University
ASRC, JAEA

- 62 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Shell-model description of low-lying states in Rn isotopes
N. Yoshinaga∗1 and K. Higashiyama∗2
Polonium and radon isotopes below the neutron
closed shell at N = 126 provide an important region
for testing shell-model structure. The isomeric 8+
1states in 206−214 Rn were experimentally conﬁrmed to
be based on a proton (0h9/2 )4 conﬁguration1) . The
low-lying near-yrast states were analyzed in terms of
the interacting boson model plus two quasiparticles
model2) , where one of the bosons is replaced by a pairof nucleons at high spin. A good agreement with experiment was achieved for both the energy spectra andelectromagnetic transitions.
In this work, the band structure of the Rn isotopes isstudied in terms of the full-ﬂedged shell model. As for
single-particle levels, all the six orbitals, 0h9/2 , 1f1/2 ,0i13/2 , 1f5/2 , 2p3/2 , and 2p1/2 , in the major shell between the magic numbers 82 and 126 are considered
for both neutrons and protons. The eﬀective interactions comprise single-particle energies and monopoleand quadrupole pairing plus quadrupole-quadrupole
interactions, whose strengths are adjusted to ﬁt experimental data. The interaction strengths adopted in
the present calculations are assumed to be the samefor all the nuclei.
In Fig. 1, the measured spectra for even-even Rn
isotopes are compared with the shell model results.
The even-spin yrast sequences are well reproduced
except for the 8+
1 states, which are lower in energy
than the experimental data. For better reproductionof the 8+
1 states, multipole pairing interactions morethan quadrupole might be necessary. Concerning otherstates, good agreements between theory and experiment are achieved.
In order to investigate the collective behavior at low
energies and the eﬀect of the single particle excitations
at high spins, the energy spectra in the shell model arecompared with those in a pair-truncated shell model(PTSM)3,4) . The building blocks of this model are angular momenta zero (S) and two (D) collective pairs
together with non-collective pairs. The Hamiltonian inthis truncated space (PTSM space) is set identical tothat used in the shell model. In Fig. 2, the energy levels obtained by the PTSM for 208 Rn are compared withthose of the shell model. There is a good correspondence between the energy levels of the shell model andthose in the PTSM. This means that the model spacespanned by the PTSM is suﬃcient for describing theshell model results.
In search for the microscopic structure of the yrast
band, we analyze the expectation values of the numbers of pairs (not shown). It is found that the valence
∗1
∗2

10

+

10

+

9

+

10

+

+ +

5 8
+ +
7 6
+
5
+ +
8+7+ +
3 4 6
+ +
0 1
+ +
4 1
+
2

2
+ +

+

8 6

(6 )

+

(4 )

+

E(MeV)

(4 )

+

4

10

2

8

+

6

+

6
6
4

0

+

5

+

1

+

+ +

4

+

2

+

6 5

+ + +

+
+

6

+

+

+

4

6 8 7
+ +

+

8

+

+

+

7
+

+

3

8

2

+

2

+

3 0
+
3
+ +
0 4
+ +
1 4

1

210
+

0

0

+

+

2

+

2

2

208

Rn

expt.

0

+

Rn

SM

0

+

expt.

+

0

SM

Fig. 1. Comparison of the experimental energy levels(expt.) with those of the shell model (SM) for 208 Rn
and 210 Rn.

3

E (MeV)

2

208

Rn

1

SM
PTSM
0
0

2

4

6

8

10

12

I (h)

Fig. 2. Comparison of the calculated energy levels in the
PTSM (PTSM) and the shell model results (SM) for
208
Rn.

neutron excitation plays an essential role in describing
the low-lying states, and the pair of 0h9/2 protons is
indispensable for the states above spin 8.
References
1) K. H. Maier et al.: Hyperfine Interact. 9, 87 (1981).
2) A. Zemel and J. Dobes: Phys. Rev. C 27, 2311 (1983).
3) N. Yoshinaga and K. Higashiyama: Phys. Rev. C 83,
054309 (2004).
4) K. Higashiyama and N. Yoshinaga: Phys. Rev. C 83,
034321 (2011).

Department of Physics, Saitama University
Department of Physics, Chiba Institute of Technology- 63 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Shell-model study of nuclear structure around 100 Sn
M. Honma,∗1 T. Otsuka,∗2,∗3,∗4 T. Mizusaki,5 Y. Utsuno,∗6 N. Shimizu,∗3 and M. Hjorth-Jensen∗4,∗7
The nuclear structure around the doubly-magic
N =Z nucleus 100 Sn has been of great interest fromvarious viewpoints such as the development of shellstructure and the proton-neutron correlations. Fora reliable prediction of unknown targets by the shellmodel, one of our strategies is to minimally modify
so-called G-matrix interactions1) by ﬁtting the shellmodel results to available experimental energy data.
In the previous work2) , we have determined an eﬀective
interaction called JUN45 in the model space covering
nuclei with 28 ≤ N , Z ≤ 50. Also, we have tried theshell-model ﬁts to describe Sn isotopes with N =50 ∼82 and obtained an eﬀective interaction SNBG13) .
Since the 100 Sn is located at the end of the model spacein both studies, it was impossible to discuss the excitation across the N and/or Z=50 shell closure. In thisreport, we present another approach along this line,
aiming at the description of nuclei including 100 Sn.
We take four single-particle orbits 1p1/2 , 0g9/2 , 1d5/2
and 0g7/2 for both protons and neutrons assuming
a hypothetical “core” 76
This choice is moti38 Sr38 .
vated by the excellent success of the (p1/2 , g9/2 ) model
space near the N ∼ 50 lines due to the approximate
degeneracy of these orbits around there, as suggested
in Fig.1(a). Also, since the 7/2+ state comes down
rapidly as the proton number is increased towards
Z = 50 (see Fig.1(b)), the last two orbits (d5/2 , g7/2 )are essential. Based on the information about the dominant conﬁgurations obtained with the JUN45 and the
SNBG1 interactions, we have selected the experimental data in the range of 47 ≤ N ≤ 58 for the ﬁt. In
order to reduce the amount of computation for the ﬁtting, we take the t=4 truncated model space, where t
stands for the maximum number of nucleons that can
excite from the (p1/2 , g9/2 ) orbits to the (d5/2 , g7/2 ) orbits relative to the naive lowest conﬁguration. Startingfrom the G-matrix interaction derived from the N3 LO
interaction4) , we have carried out a series of iterativeﬁts. We assume the isospin symmetry, and adopt theA−0.3 mass-dependence of the two-body matrix element (TBME). In the latest ﬁt, 197 TBMEs and 4
single-particle energies have been determined with a
rms error of 231keV for 528 data.
As examples of the ﬁtted results, the energy levels of
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7

low-lying states are shown in Fig.1 for odd-mass isotones with N = 50 and 51. It can be seen that theoverall trends are reasonably described by the present
shell-model calculations. As for 100 Sn, using this interaction at the t = 6 truncation level, the excitation energy of the 2+
1 state is predicted to be 4.8MeV, and the
0p-0h component in the ground-state wavefunction is71%. The calculated B(E2; 0+ →2+ )=0.13 e2 b2 withthe eﬀective charges ep =1.5, en =0.5 is almost consistent with the shell-model result in a diﬀerent model
space7) .
44(a) N=50(b) N=51

3

3

1/2−,3/2−

2

Ex (MeV)

Ex (MeV)(1/2)−(5/2+)(7/2)+(1/2)−

2(9/2+)(9/2+)(7/2)+

1

1(5/2+)(7/2+)(7/2+)(9/2+)

39 41 43 45 47 49
proton number(9/2+)

7/2(+)(7/2+)(7/2+)(7/2+)(1/2)−

0

1/2−,3/2−(9/2)+

0(5/2+)(5/2+)(5/2+)

38 40 42 44 46 48 50
proton number

Fig. 1. Energy levels of low-lying states for (a) N =50 isotones with odd-number of protons and (b) N =51 isotones with even-number of protons. Calculated 1/2− ,9/2+ , 5/2+ and 7/2+ states are shown with dashed,long-dashed, solid and dotted lines, respectively, which
are compared with the experimental data denoted bydiamonds, triangles, circles and squares, respectively.
Experimental data are taken from Ref.5) , where uncertain spin assignments are explicitly shown. The shellmodel results are obtained by using the eﬃcient code
MSHELL646) .

References
1) M. Hjorth-Jensen et al.: Phys. Rep. 261, 125 (1995).
2) M. Honma et al.: Phys. Rev. C 80, 064323 (2009).
3) M. Honma et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 35 (2012).
4) D. R. Entem et al.: Phys. Rev. C 68, 041001(R) (2003).
5) Data extracted using the NNDC WorldWideWeb sitefrom the ENSDF database.
6) T. Mizusaki et al.: MSHELL64 code (unpublished).
7) G. Guastalla et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 172501 (2013).

Center for Mathematical Sciences, University of Aizu
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
Center for Nuclear Studies, University of Tokyo
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University
Institute of Natural Sciences, Senshu University
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy
AgencyDepartment of Physics and Center of Mathematics for Applications, University of Oslo

- 64 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Giant dipole resonance in 88 Mo from phonon damping model’s
strength functions averaged over temperature and angularmomentum distributions†N. Dinh Dang,∗1 M. Ciemala,∗2 M. Kmiecik,∗2 and A. Maj∗2

†
∗1
∗2

_ _
T, J

10

S(ω) (MeV -1) x 10 -2

Many theoretical and experimental studies in nuclear structure during the last three decades were devoted to the giant dipole resonance (GDR) in highly
excited nuclei. The GDR line shape and its full-widthat half maximum (FWHM) ΓGDR are experimentally
extracted from the statistical calculations by using theLorentzian strength function to reproduce the γ-ray
spectra detected from the decay of the highly-excitedcompound nucleus (CN) at the excitation energy E ∗ .
They are often compared with the theoretical predictions, which are obtained at a given values of nuclear
temperature T and/or angular momentum J.
The extraction of T and J is crucial for a meaningfulcomparison between experiment and theory because
the initial temperature Tmax and/or angular momentum Jmax at the first step in the decay of the CN
are significantly higher than the mean values T and J,
obtained by averaging over all daughter nuclei in the
decay process. Moreover, while the theoretical GDR
strength function is calculated at a fixed value of T
and/or J, its experimental counterpart is extracted byfitting the spectrum, which is generated by a multistep
cascade decay, where the nucleus undergoes a cooling
down from Tmax (and/or Jmax ). Because of this mechanism, the authors of Ref.1) have proposed to incorporate the theoretical strength functions into the fullstatistical decay calculations and compare the results
obtained with the experimental data. This method wasapplied to test the validity of several theoretical models in Refs.1,2) , including the phonon damping model(PDM)3) , which describes the broadening of the GDR
width at finite T and J via coupling of the GDR to noncollective particle-hole (ph), particle-particle (pp) andhole-hole (hh) configurations. However it is not clear
if the GDR line shape obtained by averaging the GDR
strength functions in the whole interval of T and/or J
is equivalent to the GDR strength function obtainedat the mean values T and J in these intervals.
In the present paper the PDM is employed to calculate the strength functions for the GDR in the statistical decays after the fusion-evaporation reaction48 Ti +40
Ca, which produces the CN 88 Mo∗ at various excitation energies E ∗4) . The calculations use the empiricalprobability distributions for T and J to produce the
GDR average strength functions S(ω, E ∗ ) as well as T
and J at each energy E ∗ . The calculations show that,

I
II

8

III

6

I E* = 58 MeV
80
II
III
172
IV
262

IV

4
2
0

5

10

15
20
ω (MeV)

25

Fig. 1. GDR average strength function S(ω, E ∗ ) for 88 Mo
at different excitation energies E ∗ obtained by using the
T - and J-probability distributions. The dotted lines
are the strength functions S(ω, T, J) obtained at thecorresponding T = T and J = J.

while the GDR width increases with E ∗ , it approaches
a saturation at high T = 4 MeV when J > 50h̄. At alarger J ≥ 70h̄, the width saturation shows up at any
T . The GDR strength function S(ω, E ∗ ) obtained byaveraging the individual strength functions S(ω, T, J)
over the empirical T - and J-probability distributions
turns out to be almost identical to S(ω, T , J) calculated at T and J (Fig. 1). Therefore, once T are
J are known, one may compare the theoretical prediction for the individual strength function S(ω, T, J) and
its width, obtained at T and J, with the data, without the need of generating and averaging the strength
functions over the whole T and J distributions.
References
1) G. Gervais, M. Thoennessen, and W.E. Ormand, Phys.
Rev. C 58, R1377 (1998).
2) N. Dinh Dang, K. Eisenman, J. Seitz, and M. Thoennessen, Phys. Rev. C 61, 027302 (2000).
3) N.D. Dang and A. Arima, Phys. Rev. Lett 80, 4145
(1998); N. Dinh Dang and A. Arima, Nucl. Phys. A
636 427, (1998); N. Dinh Dang and A. Arima, Phys.
Rev. C 68, 044303 (2003); N. Dinh Dang, Phys. Rev. C
85, 064323 (2012).
4) M. Ciemala et al., Acta Physica Polonica B 42, 633(2011), M. Ciemala, Ph.D. thesis (in Polish), Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow,
Report No. 2062/PL (2013).

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. C 87, 054313(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Niewodniczanski Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Kraków- 65 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

On the importance of using exact pairing in the study of pygmy
dipole resonance†
N. Dinh Dang∗1 and N. Quang Hung∗2
One of the major issues in the theoretical study ofthe pygmy dipole resonance (PDR) in medium andheavy nuclei is the discrepancy in the predictions ofdifferent approaches regarding the strength and collectivity of the PDR. While the relativistic random-phaseapproximation seems to predict a prominent peak identified as the collective PDR below 10 MeV in heavy nuclei1,2) , the results of calculations including monopole
pairing within the quasiparticle RPA (QRPA) do not
expose any collective states in the low-energy regionof the E1 strength distribution3) . One of the possible
sources of such discrepancy may well lie in superfluid
pairing, which plays a crucial role in open shell nuclei in the vicinity of the neutron drip line. However
all the theoretical calculations of the PDR so far either neglected pairing, such as the relativistic RPA, or
adopted the mean-field pairing. The latter is taken into
account within the Hartree-Fock-Bogolyubov, HartreeFock + BCS formalisms, or coupling of QRPA particlehole (ph) states to more complicate configurations likethe 2p2h ones. Given the progress in the exact solutions of the pairing problem in recent years, it is highly
desirable to see how exact pairing affects the PDR as
compared to the predictions given by the approaches
employing the conventional mean-field pairing gap.
The present paper studied the effect of superfluid
pairing on the PDR in light, medium and heavy
neutron-rich oxygen, calcium and tin isotopes. Besidethe conventional BCS gap, the exact pairing gap obtained by diagonalizing the pairing Hamiltonian withconstant parameters GN and GZ for neutron and proton pairing interactions, respectively, is also employed
to calculate the strength function of the giant dipole
resonance (GDR) in these nuclei within the frameworkof the phonon-damping model (PDM)4) . The analysis of the numerical calculations allows us to makethe following conclusions: 1) Exact pairing decreases
the two-neutron separation energy in light nuclei, but
increases it in heavy nuclei as compare to that obtained within the BCS theory; 2) Exact pairing significantly enhances the PDR in medium (calcium) andheavy (tin) nuclei, whereas the BCS pairing causes amuch weaker effect as compared to the case when pairing is neglected. This observation indicates that BCS
pairing might not be sufficient to describe the PDR in
medium and heavy neutron-rich nuclei; 3) The significant change in the line shape of the GDR with increasing the mass number A indicates that the values for the
†

∗1
∗2

S(ω) (MeV -1 )0.12(a) 50 Ca(d) 56 Ca

No gapBCS gap
Exact gap

0.08
0.04
0

S(ω) (MeV -1 )0.12(b) 52 Ca(e) 58 Ca(c) 54 Ca(f) 60 Ca

0.08
0.04
0

S(ω) (MeV -1)

0.12
0.08
0.04

0

5

10

15

20

25

ω (MeV)

30

35

0

5

10

15

20

25

ω (MeV)

30

35

40

Fig. 1. GDR strength functions for calcium isotopes obtained within the PDM. The predictions without pairing, including BCS pairing and exact pairing are denoted by the dashed, thin solid, and thick solid lines,
respectively.

model’s parameters cannot be kept fixed when the calculations are extended to the nuclei in the vicinity of
the neutron drip line. This includes the parameters of
the nuclear mean field such as the parameters of the
Woods-Saxon potential or the parameters of effective
interactions such as various Skyrme types, which areused in microscopic calculations of the GDR and PDR.
The obtained results may serve as a hint to clarify while several microscopic approaches, mentioned
in the Introduction, are in disagreement regarding thestrength and fine structure of the PDR. The present
paper also emphasizes the necessity of using exact pairing, whenever possible, instead of the BCS one or the
HFB average pairing gap in the future study of the
PDR.
References
1) D. Vretenar, N. Paar, P. Ring, and G.A. Lalazissis,
Nucl. Phys. A 692, 496 (2001).
2) E. Litvinova, P. Ring, and D. Vretenar, Phys. Lett. B
647, 111 (2007).
3) D. Sarchi, P.F. Bortignon, and G. Colò, Phys. Lett. B
601, 27 (2004).
4) N. Dinh Dang, V. Kim Au, T. Suzuki, and A. Arima,
Phys. Rev. C 63, 044302 (2001).

Condensed from the article in J. Phys. G. 40, 105103 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
School of Engineering, TanTao University, Long An- 66 -

Ⅱ-2. Nuclear Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Microscopic analysis of fusion hindrance in heavy systems
K. Washiyama∗1240∗1V(R) [MeV]

The interplay between nuclear structures and dynamical effects is crucial for appropriate descriptions of heavy-ion fusion reactions at energies aroundthe Coulomb barrier. Coupled-channels calculations
have been widely used to quantitatively describe theentrance channel of fusion reactions in light- andmedium-mass systems whose charge product (Z1 Z2 )is less than 1, 600. On the other hand, in heavy systems (Z1 Z2 > 1, 600), it is observed that the fusion
probability is strongly hindered around the Coulomb
barrier, compared with Z1 Z2 < 1, 600 systems andwith coupled-channels results.1) This is called fusion
hindrance, and the extra energy needed to make such
systems to fuse is called extra-push energy.2) Quasifission process, where a colliding system reseparates toprojectile-like and target-like fragments before forming a compound nucleus, is considered to be mostly responsible for this hindrance. For a better description of
the reaction mechanism in heavy systems, a dynamical
diffusion model using a macroscopic Langevin equation
has been developed.3) Moreover, extra-push energies
and quasi-fission process have been analyzed using thetime-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) model.4)
Recently, we proposed a method to extract nucleusnucleus potential and one-body energy dissipationfrom the relative motion of colliding nuclei to nuclear
intrinsic excitations in fusion reactions from TDHF
time evolutions.5) This method relies on the hypothesis that complex microscopic mean-field evolution ofhead-on collisions can be accurately reduced to a simple one-dimensional macroscopic evolution that obeys
a Newton equation including potential and dissipation
terms. In the present report, we apply this method
to study the property of potential and energy dissipation in heavy systems and to understand the origins offusion hindrance.
Figure 1 shows nucleus–nucleus potentials V as afunction of relative distance R for the 96 Zr + 124 Sn system (Z1 Z2 = 2, 000) obtained with our method forthree center-of-mass energies Ecm . As a reference, weplot by the filled circles the frozen density potential
calculated from the same energy density functionals as
in TDHF with the density of colliding nuclei frozen to
their ground-state one, meaning that no dynamical effects are included during collision. Note that for thecase with Ecm = 228.4 MeV, the relative velocity Ṙ
becomes almost 0 at R ∼ 11.4 fm, and we stop the
extraction of potential at this stage (indicated by theblue filled diamond in Fig. 1). By comparing the obtained potentials in Fig. 1 with those in Z1 Z2 < 1, 600
systems in Ref.5) , we find two significant differences:

Ecm= 300 MeV
Ecm= 250 MeV
Ecm= 228.4 MeV
Frozen density96

Zr +124Sn

230
220
210
200

10

11

12

R [fm]

13

14

Fig. 1. Nucleus–nucleus potential of the 96 Zr + 124 Sn system extracted from our method with different Ecm .
Filled circles denote the frozen density potential. The
arrow indicates the fusion threshold energy.

(1) Energy dependence of potential, which appears
around the Coulomb barrier in Z1 Z2 < 1, 600 systems, is less pronounced in heavy systems. (2) Whilea barrier is observed in the frozen density potential at
R ∼ 12.8 fm, there is no barrier in the obtained potentials, and the potentials monotonically increase as R
decreases because of dynamical effects. Furthermore,
we analyze the origin of the fusion hindrance fromthe TDHF trajectory with the fusion threshold energy,
Ecm = 228.4 MeV. Extra-push energy by TDHF can be
defined as the difference between the fusion thresholdenergy and the barrier of the frozen density potential.
In this system, this is calculated to be 14 MeV. According to our method of extracting potential, the origin of
the extra-push energy can be identified from the sumof the total dissipated energy, increase in potential energy, and remaining kinetic energy. In this case at
R ∼ 11.4 fm, the total dissipated energy and increasein potential energy are 4.0 MeV and 9.2 MeV, respectively. We conclude from this analysis that the main
contribution to the extra-push energy is the increasein extracted potential at R  12.8 fm.
References
1) C.-C. Sahm et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 441, 316 (1985).
2) W. J. Swiatecki: Phys. Scripta 24, 113 (1981); Nucl.
Phys. A 376, 275 (1982).
3) Y. Aritomo, K. Hagino, K. Nishio, and S. Chiba: Phys.
Rev. C 85, 044614 (2012).
4) C. Simenel, B. Avez, C. Golabek: Proceedings of the
KERNZ08 conference, arXiv:0904.2653; L. Guo and T.
Nakatsukasa: EPJ Web Conf. 38, 09003 (2012).
5) K. Washiyama and D. Lacroix: Phys. Rev. C 78, 024610(2008); K. Washiyama, D. Lacroix and S. Ayik: Phys.
Rev. C 79, 024609 (2009).

RIKEN Nishina Center- 67 -

3. Nuclear Data

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Compilation of nuclear reaction data from RIBF
A. Makinaga,∗1 V. Devi,∗2 M. Aikawa,∗1 S. Ebata,∗2 N. Furutachi,∗1 D. Ichinkhorloo,∗2 K. Katō,∗1
M. Odsuren,∗2 N. Otuka,∗3,∗4 and K. Tsubakihara∗5
Nuclear data, e.g. cross sections, half-lives, anddecay radiation properties, can be obtained throughscientiﬁc investigation of nuclear properties and reactions. The results of experimental measurements ofdiﬀerent nuclear reaction data are distributed in various publications and hence are diﬃcult for users toaccess. Therefore, there is a need to compile the data
into a database. One of the database is the EXFOR
library, which is maintained by the International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) under the auspices of the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA). As one of the NRDC members, the
Hokkaido University Nuclear Reaction Data Centre(JCPRG)1) has contributed about 10 percent of thedata on charged-particle nuclear reactions in the EXFOR library.
JCPRG compiles and accumulates charged-particle
data obtained in Japanese facilities in their own
database NRDF. The compiled nuclear reaction data
is available through the online search system of the
NRDF and the EXFOR library2) . In addition to thecollaboration with the NRDC network, JCPRG established a collaborative research contract with the
RIKEN Nishina Center in 2010, to increase the availability of the nuclear reaction data produced at the
RIBF. The compiled ﬁles of the nuclear data produced
at the RIBF are translated to the EXFOR format forthe beneﬁt of nuclear data users. We have addresseda smooth and high-quality compilation of the RIBF
data as one of the important tasks in this collaboration. This write-up provides a brief overview of the
JCPRG compilation activity in 2013 regarding experimental nuclear reaction data produced at the RIBF.
Among the papers compiled in 2013, thirteen contained RIBF data in the compilation scope of the EXFOR library, out of which eight papers3–10) publishedin 2013 had already been registered on the EXFOR
library. Five papers published in 201211–15) had also
been registered on the EXFOR library in 2013. The
data can be easily accessed from the EXFOR searchsystem2) by using the accession numbers given in Table 1. The list of RIBF data compiled into the EXFOR
library is also available on the JCPRG website1) alongwith additional information.
To ensure a high-quality database, we ask authors
to provide the original data plotted in each ﬁgure so
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
Meme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center
NDS, IAEA
Department of Engineering Science, Osaka
Communication Universitythat the data compiled in the NRDF and the EXFOR
library are accurate. If the original data could not
be obtained from the corresponding author, we digitized numerical data from the plotted ﬁgures using thedigitization software GSYS. If we receive the original
numerical data in the future, we will replace the digitized data with the original data. We also correspondwith the authors about inquiries for data, error, andexperiments as necessary. The numerical data for almost all of the EXFOR entries compiled in 2013 were
proofread by authors, and a detailed description of theentries has been revised according to the authors’ comments.
Table 1. Entry numbers with references compiled in 2013

Entries

Total

2012
E238411) E241615)
E288812)
E239113)
E240114)52013E24043) E24307)
E24054) E24318)
E24065) E24349)
E24076) E243810)
8

As a result of the collaboration for four years, mostof the compilation process was well established and is
working well as reported above. We are continuously
making eﬀorts to improve the completeness and usability of the experimental nuclear reaction data produced at the RIBF. For such improvements, the ﬁrst
JCPRG-RNC joint workshop on nuclear data was heldon August 8-9, 201316) . The workshop was helpful
for understanding the present and future status of the
RIKEN-JCPRG research collaboration and related nuclear data activities.
References
1) http://www.jcprg.org/
2) http://www.jcprg.org/exfor/3) M. U. Khandaker et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B 296 (2013) 14.
4) B. Guo et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87 (2013) 015803.
5) T. Sumita et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82 (2013) 024202.
6) S. Sakaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87 (2013) 021601(R).
7) A. K. Kurilkin et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87 (2013) 051001.
8) H. Yamaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87 (2013) 034303.
9) J. J. He et al.: Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 012801.
10) M. Murakami et al.: Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 024618.
11) K. Tshoo et al.: Phys Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 022501.
12) K. Morita et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81 (2012) 103201.
13) S. Takeuchi et al.: Phys Rev. Lett. 109 (2012) 182501.
14) N. Kobayashi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 88 (2012) 054604.
15) LI Kuo-Ang et al.: Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 (2012) 102301.
16) M. Aikawa et al.: in this report.

Electro-- 69 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nuclear data format suitable simultaneously for databases,
experimentalists, and users
M. Aikawa,∗1 M. Chiba,∗2 S. Ebata,∗3 T. Katayama,∗4 K. Katō,∗1 A. Makinaga,∗1 H. Noto,∗4 and
K. Tsubakihara∗5
Nuclear reactions are useful in many ﬁelds related
to nuclear physics, such as astrophysics, nuclear engineering, and radiation therapy. Many experimental
studies have been performed worldwide to obtain nuclear reaction data, such as cross sections and productyields. The majority of such data is published in scientiﬁc journals, which may apply charges and are accessible only to researchers in the relevant academic ﬁelds.
In addition, nuclear reaction experiments require enormous cost and huge researcher eﬀort. Therefore, it isdesirable to make such data freely available throughthe Internet.
One such database is the EXFOR database1) maintained by the International Network of Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) under the auspices of theInternational Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). Anotheris Nuclear Reaction Data File (NRDF)2) developed by
the Hokkaido University Nuclear Reaction Data Centre (JCPRG)3) . JCPRG and RIKEN Nishina Centerestablished a collaborative research contract in 2010
to increase the availability of the nuclear reaction data
produced at the RIBF. Under this collaboration, thenuclear reaction data obtained at the RIBF is compiled into the two databases above. However, including state-of-the-art experiments and physical quantities causes problems. For instance, the forthcoming
electron scattering data from SCRIT is outside thecompilation scope of NRDF and JCPRG on the EXFOR library at the moment. Therefore, we must extend the scope for the RIBF experiments.
In addition, the two databases have their own formats, which were deﬁned more than forty years ago
and designed for programming languages prevalent atthat time, e.g., Fortran. Therefore, a new format suitable for the current situation and technology is desirable. The format must be applicable for the conﬁrmation process of compiled data performed by experimentalists. It is also desirable for nuclear data users toread and manipulate data in the same format without
detailed explanations. The format is now under development using XML technology, which is both humanreadable and machine-readable. This feature is a requirement for the next-generation format to enable experimentalists to directly input data into the databases
and to enable nuclear data users to retrieve them.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
Sapporo Gakuin University Professor Emeritus
Meme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido University
School of Economics, Hokusei Gakuen University
Department of Engineering Science, Osaka
Communication University

Fig. 1. Schematic of the process of accessing the databasewith the format under development using XML technology.

Here, we emphasize that this format does not aﬀect
other databases. The contents in the two databases
above and evaluated libraries in the ENDF format,
e.g. JENDL4) , can be converted one to one nearly
equivalently into the new format. Figure 1 shows aschematic of the process of accessing the database withthe format under development using XML technology.
The format is described in simple terms and abbreviated less for users to understand and express contents
correctly. Through this format, experimentalists andusers can directly access the database in which contents are converted from the databases and libraries.
References
1) http://www.jcprg.org/exfor/2) http://www.jcprg.org/nrdf/
3) http://www.jcprg.org/
4) K. Shibata et al.: J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 48, 1 (2011).

Electro-- 70 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of nuclear data application softwarewith “Webble World”
S. Ebata,∗1 A. Makinaga,∗2 and M. Aikawa∗2
Nuclear reaction data is applicable and considerably
important for public societies and various academic
communities, e.g., nuclear engineering, radiation therapy, and physics. Moreover, there exists a need formeans to utilize this data eﬃciently and conveniently
by individual users. To realize a system capable of utilizing such nuclear data, we are developing application
software.
There are several open tools available for searching
through data. However, these tools are versatile, andnot optimized for individual users. It is diﬃcult to satisfy both universality and optimization of the tools simultaneously. Under such situations, we are motivatedto create a tool customizable by “users”. In Hokkaido
University Meme Media Laboratory, the IntelligentPad(IP) system has been developed to circulate and manage the knowledge of information1) . On the IP system,
data and functions are treated as objects, which arecalled “Pads”. Since Pads can be connected to eachother, user can combine required Pads and constructs
original tools for the suitable to their needs.
In the previous work, we developed a“Nuclear Reaction Data and Handling Tools for the NRDF ”2–5) andthe “ Charged particle nuclear reaction data retrieval
system (CONTIP) ”4,5) . Here in, we plan to introduce“Webble World” to develop the current systems on theWeb. If the system can be extended through Webble
World, it will be independent of operating systems; it
is available through the Internet and can be shared between users. The users can customize and construct an
original tool for their own purposes.
The fundamental idea of Webble World is same asthat of the IP system. In the Webble World, an object
with a function is called a “Webble” (Fig.1), instead ofa “Pad”. Webbles connected by users are conserved in
the Webble World, and they are used as components
for a new Webble. Webble has some slots to connect
with others. For instance, if we connect an appropriate
slot in the “Text Webble” with the corresponding slot
in the “Display Webble” correctly, we can send thetext from the former Webble to the latter and viewthe text on the latter. A user, however, needs to know
the basic structure detail of a Webble, which is part of
the tasks in the development of a Webble tool.
The proposed new system can be utilized to search,
retrieve, and plot nuclear data. As objectives, anappropriate connection between the system and a
database and also the plot of the retrieved data arenecessary. There have already been Webbles with func∗1∗2

tions for the purposes as shown in Fig.2. The proposedsystem is slightly diﬃculty in terms of intuitiveness.
Therefore, we plan to develop simple usage manual toassist in developing the tools, while also considering
the needs of nuclear data users.
Hokkaido University Nuclear Data Centre (JCPRG)
is developing the system for using nuclear data with
Webble World. Work on making set of Webbles forsearching nuclear data, and manuals to use these compound Webbles, is progressing. In addition, we areconstructing a new data format using XML in order toimprove the usability7 of the system.

Fig. 1. Many Webbles on Webble World6)

Fig. 2. Compound Webble to read and convert nuclear
data, and to subsequently express them on a graph.
Yellow lines show the relation between Webbles.

References
1) Y. Tanaka: Proc. of International Conference on Multimedia Information system, 299 (1991).
2) K. Kato: Genshikaku Kenkyu, Vol.39, No.5, 63 (1995).
3) M. Chiba: JCPRG Annual Report Vol.12, 27 (1998).
4) H. Masui: JCPRG Annual Report Vol.12, 56 (1998).
5) Y. Obayashi: JCPRG Annual Report Vol.13, 15 (1999).
6) Webble world, Meme media laboratory, Hokkaido Univ.
“ http://cow.meme.hokudai.ac.jp/WebbleWorldPortal/

Meme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido University
Faculty of science, Hokkaido University- 71 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Systematic study of nuclear data for nuclear transmutation

Long-lived ﬁssion products (LLFPs) are problematic radioactive wastes in spent nuclear fuels. Because
LLFPs have long half-lives, special techniques for safe
management and disposal are required. A promising
way to solve this problem is “nuclear transmutation
technology”. The basic concept of this technology is
to change LLFPs into “short-lived nuclei” or “stable
nuclei” by using various kinds of particle beams fromaccelerators and neutron ﬂux in nuclear reactors. Recently, the use of an accelerator-driven system (ADS)
has been studied globally for this purpose. In Japan,
J-PARC1) plans to establish ADS techniques.
From the viewpoint of nuclear data, various kinds ofcross section data for LLFPs are needed to design the
nuclear transmutation system reliably. Cross section
data of proton, neutron, and photon induced reactions
on LLFPs are required to establish more eﬀective procedures and to estimate costs. However, as listed inTable 1, most of the experimental data are still unavailable owing to the diﬃculty in preparing enrichedtargets and in handling of activities.

Simultaneously, management of the experimental
nuclear reaction database to survey information, as
shown in Table 1, and theoretical evaluations of thecross sections is also essential. Due to the lack of experimental cross sections, we performed theoretical estimation using the calculation code TALYS6) . Figure 1
shows the total reaction cross sections induced by protons on LLFPs. We were able to determine the crosssections of the order of barn. The impact of this resultmust be assessed and the cost of the transmutation of
LLFPs must be estimated.

Table 1. Half-lives of LLFPs and the current status of
the experimental data of photon, neutron, and proton induced reactions in EXFOR5) . Numbers with andwithout parentheses indicate those of the experimental
works and data points of cross sections or maxwellian
averaged cross section. “-” means no experimental data
in EXFOR.

σ[mb]A. Makinaga,∗1 M. Aikawa,∗1 K. Katō,∗1 A. Kohama,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2 and H. Sakurai∗2

Nuclei
79

Se
Sr
93
Zr
99
Tc
107
Pd
126
Sn
129
I
135
Cs
137
Cs
151
Sm
90

Half-life(year)
65,00029
150,000
210,000
6,500,000
100,000
16,000,000
2,300,000
30
89

2000
1800
1600
1400
1200

∗2

79
Se
90
Sr
93
Zr
99
Tc
107
Pd
126
Sn
129
I
135
Cs
137
Cs
151

800
600
400

Status of experimental data
photon neutron proton
5(5)
3(8)
16(428)
2(82)
2(2)
1(27)
5(5)
4(4)
3(3)
4(47)
-

200
0

Sm

0

20

40

60
80
Ep[MeV]

100

120

Fig. 1. Calculation of total reaction cross sections induced
by protons on LLFPs by using the code TALYS.

One possible way to access the cross sections is theinverse reaction method. For example, neutron capture cross sections can be estimated with photo nuclear
reactions2–4) . In addition, unstable LLFP beams at
the RIBF facility are strong candidates to produce related nuclear data. In order to promote nuclear transmutation technology, the sharing of knowledge and information among researchers in related ﬁelds, e.g., nuclear engineering and nuclear physics, is imperative.
∗1

1000

References
1) J-PARC (http://j-parc.jp/Transmutation/ja/ads-j.html)
2) H. Utsunomiya et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162502(2008).
3) A. Kimura et al.: Jour. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 49, 708(2012).
4) A. P. Tonchev et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82, 054620 (2010).
5) IAEA-EXFOR (https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/exfor.htm)
6) A. J. Koning et al.: AIP Conf. Proc. 769, 1154 (2005).

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 72 -

Ⅱ-3. Nuclear Data

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

JCPRG-RNC joint workshop on nuclear data
M. Aikawa,∗1 A. Makinaga,∗1 S. Ebata,∗2 K. Katō,∗1 A. Kohama,∗3 H. Otsu,∗3 and H. Sakurai∗3
The Hokkaido University Nuclear Reaction Data
Centre (JCPRG)1) and RIKEN Nishina Center established a collaborative research contract in 2010 to increase the availability of the nuclear reaction data produced at the RIBF. Under the collaboration, the datafrom the RIBF are compiled into two databases, Nuclear Reaction Data File (NRDF) and the EXFOR library. The former is the JCPRG original database andthe latter is maintained by the International Networkof Nuclear Reaction Data Centres (NRDC) under the
auspices of the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA).
The major part of the compilation process has been
well established during the collaboration period of four
years2) . Furthermore, we are continuously improving
the coverage and usability of the data from the RIBF.
For such improvements, the ﬁrst JCPRG-RNC joint
workshop on nuclear data was held on August 8-9,
2013 (Fig. 1). Its purpose was to discuss and share
information on the following topics:

Fig. 1. Group photodiscussed the extension of the format for the RIBF experiments. Furthermore, the format must be communicable to authors, as well as readable to nuclear data
users. The format is now being constructed using the
XML technology, which is both human-readable andmachine-readable3) . It is necessary to use a humanand machine-readable technology so as to enable theexperimentalists in directly inputting the data into the
databases and nuclear data users in retrieving the data.
Another format for a simulation code PHITS is also requested from a participant.
In addition to the format extension, there is a request to create a new user interface to connect the
databases not only with nuclear data users but alsowith nuclear physics experimentalists. The interface
makes it possible for the nuclear data users and theexperimentalists to interactively and directly accessthe databases. We developed an interface using the
Webble World technology at the Hokkaido University
Meme Media Laboratory4) .
Nuclear reaction data are useful in many applicationﬁelds; e.g., nuclear physics, nuclear engineering, andradiation therapy. In the workshop, we focused on
two applications, nuclear transmutation and radiation
therapy. Two invited talks were devoted to these ﬁelds
in terms of the nuclear data point of view. We conﬁrm
the importance of the ﬁelds.
The workshop helped the participants in understanding the present and future status of the RIKENJCPRG research collaboration and related nuclear
data activities. We continue to exchange valuable information and requests with nuclear data users and experimentalists to improve our activity more eﬀectively.

(1) Current status and problems of compilation(2) Experiments at RIBF
(3) Usability of nuclear data
(4) Nuclear data evaluation
In this article, we brieﬂy report on the workshop.
As reported in another article2) , in 2013, we compiled 13 papers, which include experimental data fromthe RIBF. In the compilation, however, there still remain some problems such as the compilation scope,
format, and author proofs. The compilation scope depends on the purpose of each database. For instance,
the incident particles compiled in NRDF and transmitted from JCPRG to the EXFOR library are restricted
to charged nuclei, mesons, and photons. Therefore, atthe moment, the electron scattering data with SCRIT
is outside the scope. Because of its importance, however, extension of the scope to include the SCRIT data
was discussed. In addition, we also discussed the necessity to compile papers published in other than peerreviewed journals such as proceedings and annual reports. Such papers are also important from the viewpoint of completeness, but in some cases, it is risky
to include results of the works under progress in thereports.
As for the format, the two databases were initiatedmore than 40 years ago; hence, it is diﬃcult to format these databases using the present-day state-of-theart experiments and physical quantities. Therefore we
∗1
∗2
∗3

References
1) http://www.jcprg.org/
2) A. Makinaga et al.: in this report.
3) M. Aikawa et al.: in this report.
4) http://cow.meme.hokudai.ac.jp/WebbleWorldPortal/

Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University
Meme Media Laboratory, Hokkaido University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 73 -

4. Hadron Physics

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Neutral pion production with respect to centrality and reaction√
plane in Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV†
Y. Aramaki∗1 for the PHENIX Collaboration
lider (LHC) (ALICE experiment)3) , the two data setsfor RHIC and LHC appear to be similar for the entire pT range of 5–20 GeV/c. However, the RHIC and
LHC are different in terms of colliding energy, resulting in an approximate increase by a factor of 2 increasein the parton density at the LHC4) . On the basis of
the slope of the pT distribution and RAA , the average fractional momentum loss (Sloss ) of π 0 is deduced.
If one assumes that the fragmentation function of theparton after energy loss is unchanged, the Sloss can beinterpreted as the average fractional energy loss of theinitial parton. The calculated Sloss shows a decrease
with increasing pT at central collisions. In comparison with the Sloss value of the ALICE charged hadronmeasurement (Sloss ∼ 0.3), the Sloss at the PHENIX π 0measurement below 10 GeV/c (Sloss ∼ 0.21) is about
30% lower value.
To study the path-length dependence of the suppression, the π 0 yield is also measured at different azimuthal angles with respect to the event plane; a strong
azimuthal-angle dependence of the π 0 RAA is observed.
The data are compared to theoretical models of partonenergy loss as a function of the path length L in thecreated medium. While all models considered describe
the φ-integrated RAA adequately, the pQCD-based calculations, in which the energy loss depends on the path
length as L2 , fail to describe the differential RAA (∆φ).
The data obtained using a hybrid model5) that utilizes pQCD for hard interactions and anti-de-Sitter
space/conformal field theory6) (AdS/CFT) for soft interactions is also compared to the measured data, andwere able to obtain an adequate fit. Since the energy
loss in this model is proportional to L3 , the data require an energy loss with a power greater than 2, asgiven by models in which the soft interactions with themedium are strongly coupled. Therefore, one is led tothe tentative conclusion that strong coupling plays animportant role in parton energy loss in the medium.

The suppression of high transverse momentum (pT )hadrons in relativistic heavy ion collisions was observedat the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). The
phenomenon is interpreted as the energy loss of a hardscattered parton in the hot, dense, strongly interacting
quark–gluon plasma (QGP) formed in the collisions.
The suppression patterns are quantified by the nuclear
modification factor RAA of the neutral pion as
RAA (pT ) =

evt 2
1/NAA
d /dpT dy,
π 0 /dp dy�TAB � d2 σpp
T

(1)

0

π
is the production cross section of π 0 in
where σppinel
p + p collisions, �TAB � = �Ncoll � /σpp
is the nuclear
overlap function averaged over the relevant range ofimpact parameters, and �Ncoll � is the number of biinel.
nary nucleon–nucleon collisions computed using σpp
In this paper, the results of π 0 production and RAA
and its azimuthal angular dependence are presented.
The results are based on the data collected in the 2007
RHIC run. The data sample is four times larger thanthat of Ref.1) . Furthermore, the reaction plane detector installed in 2007 improved event-plane resolution.
Firstly, the measured π 0 invariant yields of Au+Au
collisions for all centralities and for minimum bias data
have been reported. These results are compared tothe published η yields2) . The measured η/π 0 ratiosfrom minimum bias collisions for various data sets andcolliding systems are compared. Although the uncertainties vary, the ratios of η/π 0 are consistent withpreviously published ones and are also consistent withthe overlaid PYTHIA-6.131 p + p calculation. The
production rate of η/π 0 , 0.46±0.01(stat)±0.01(syst),
is constant with the centralities at pT >2 GeV/c forthe same collision energy. These observations indicatethat at high pT , the fragmentation occurs outside themedium and the ratio is governed by vacuum fragmentation.
Secondly, the nuclear modification factor RAA of π 0
is compared to the previous result and the charged
hadron RAA at the LHC energy. The yields of π 0 are
suppressed by a factor of 5, as in earlier measurements;
however, with the improved statistical and systematic
uncertainties, the significant rise of RAA as a function of pT with a slope dRAA /dpT of 0.0106±0.0034
0.0029(GeV/c)−1 in central collisions has been observed forthe first time at the RHIC energy. In comparison√
with the charged hadron RAA observed in sN N =2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Col†
∗1

References
1) A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration): Phys. Rev.
Lett. 101, 232301 (2008).
2) A. Adare et al. (PHENIX Collaboration): Phys. Rev. C
82, 011902 (2010).
3) K. Aamodt et al. (ALICE Collaboration): Phys. Lett.
B 696, 30 (2011).
4) W.A. Horowitz and M. Gyulassy: Nucl. Phys. A 872,
265 (2011).
5) C. Marquet and T. Renk: Phys. Lett. B 685, 270(2010).
6) J.M. Maldacena: Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231(1998).

Condensed from the article in Phys.Rev.C 87, 034911 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center- 75 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of medium properties with two particle correlations in d+Au√
collisions at sN N = 200 GeV at PHENIX
C.-H. Chen ∗1
Two-particle correlation is a powerful method tostudy jet-medium interaction and the collective motionof particles. Interesting new results are revealed by
LHC data when p + p collisions with two-particle correlations are studied. Upon observing low-multiplicity
p + p collisions at 7 TeV, the ∆η-∆φ correlation function is, as expected, found to have a single nearside
peak at ∆η ≈ 0 and ∆η ≈ 0 and an away-side peakat ∆φ ≈ π along ∆η. For high-multiplicity p + p collisions at the same energy, an enhancement along ∆η at∆φ ≈ 0, or a “ridge” structure, is observed 1) . Finally,
p+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV with similar multiplicity
selection, exhibit ridge structure as well 2) .
This long-range correlation along the ∆η directionat ∆φ ≈ 0 has been observed at RHIC previously.
In two-particle ∆η-∆φ correlations in central Au+Au
collisions, an enhancement along ∆η at ∆φ ≈ 0 has
been observed 3) . It has also been found that thislong-range correlation extends to as far as ∆η ≈ 4
4). Similar phenomena has been confirmed in Pb+Pb
collisions at LHC 5) .
This long-range correlation along ∆η, or “ridge”,
was originally believed to exist only in central Au+Au
collisions, but now has also been observed in p + p and
p+Pb collisions in LHC. The fact that the ridge appears in both system leads to the question of whether
the ridge observed in p + p and p+Pb in LHC is thesame as that seen in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC.
Triggered by the new results from LHC, it is important to investigate whether a similar effect exists
in d+Au collisions at RHIC. Studying d+Au collisions
will certainly provide new insights into the p+Pb dataat LHC. First, d+Au is collided at 200 GeV, which isconsiderably smaller than p+Pb at 5.02 TeV at LHC.
Further, in d+Au collisions, the two nucleons in the
deuteron may make the initial colliding geometry more
complicated than in p+Pb collisions.
At PHENIX, it is possible to measure the two particle correlations with a large η gap by correlatinga charged hadron in the central arm spectrometer(|η| < 0.35) and the energy cluster in the Muon Piston
Calorimeter (MPC, 3.1 < |η| < 3.9). A large ∆η separation can strongly suppress the non-flow contribution,and thus the remaining correlation should reflect theproperties of the produced medium.
Since d+Au is an asymmetric system, in central d+Au collision, the multiplicity distribution, ordN/dη, is asymmetric along the direction of η 6) , where∗1

Fig. 1. The unidentified charged hadron in the central arm
correlated with energy clusters in MPC in the Au-goingdirection (−3.9 < η < −3.1) in d+Au and p + p collisions.

the multiplicity is larger in the Au-going direction thanin the d-going direction. Therefore a comparison of thecorrelation in d+Au to p + p, might reveal some newproperties in d+Au collisions.
Figure 1 depicts the correlation function of thecharged hadron in mid-rapidity correlated with the energy cluster in MPC in the Au-going direction in themost central d+Au collisions (0-5%) for various hadronpT . This is compared with the same correlation function measured in p+ p collisions. In p+ p collisions, thecorrelation function has a local minimum at ∆φ ≈ 0.
In the case of d+Au correlation functions, the nearsideshape is significantly different from the shape in p + p.
Instead of showing a local minimum, it is either peakedat ∆φ ≈ 0, or there is a strong correlation at ∆φ ≈ 0.
We further measure the Fourier coefficients of thecorrelation functions. In p+p, the correlation functions
are well described by c1 , which could be understood as
conservation of momentum with very little contribution from other harmonics. In central d+Au collisions,
we observe a significant contribution not only from c1 ,but also c2 . This indicates that in central d+Au collisions, something similar to elliptic flow in heavy ion
collisions has been seen.
References
1) V. Khachatryan et al., J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2010)091
2) S. Chatrchyan et al., Phys. Lett. B 718 (2013) 795
3) B. Abelev et al., Phys. Rev. C 80 (2009) 064912
4) B. Alver et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 062301
5) S. Chatrchyan et al., J. High Energy Phys. 07 (2011)766) B. Beck et al., Phys. Rev. C 72 (2005) 031901

Riken Brookhaven Research Center, Brookhaven National
Laboratory- 76 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Status of CuAu flow measurement
H.Nakagomi ∗1 for the PHENIX Collaboration
relation between true vntr , Ψtrn that could not be measured experimentally and observed vn , Ψn is needed.
vntr = vnob / < cos(n[Ψn − Ψtr(2)n ]) >,
tr
where < cos(n[Ψn − Ψn ]) > correspond to the eventplane resolution. The event plane is determined by
∑
∑
Qxn =
wi cos(nφi ), Qyn =wi sin(nφi ), (3)The quark-gluon plasma(QGP) is a phase of matter in quantum chromodynamics (QCD). This phase ispredicted to exist at high temperature and high density. Currently at RHIC and LHC, QGP is created bycolliding nuclei. In the heavy-ion collistions, azimuthal
anisotropy of produced particle emmission exists. Collectively, this anisotropy is a quite important probe tounderstand the properties of QGP because this collectivity is sensitive to initial collision geometry andearly time evolution. The strength of anisotropic ﬂow
is expressed as vn (n = 1, 2, 3) and the azimuthal distribution of emitted particles dN/dφ is expressed asfollows using vn .
∑dN
∝1+
2vn cos(n[φ − Ψn ]),
(1)
dφ
n=1

i=1

(4)

where Ψn is the measure of the event plane and Qx(y)nis the projection of Ψn to the x(y) axis. wi is theweight and φi is the angle of a particle.
In this analysis, the event plane is determined bybeam beam counter(BBC) and a forward silicon vertex detector(FVTX). These detectors are located at
foward/backward rapidity. In order to measure vn
precisely, there should be rapidity gap between theregions of measurement of vn and Ψn because if are
not separeted these regions, vn would include a nonﬂow contribution. This non-ﬂow is a correlation thatdose not originate from the event plane. Thus, it isbetter to choose the detector that is located at forward/backward rapidity as the event plane measrement detector.
Figure1 shows the event plane resoluiton of BBC andFVTX for Ψ2 . In the central region (0 − 20%), the resolution of FVTX South resolution is larger than thatof FVTX North. This behavior is also found in BBC.
This behavior originate from the multiplicity that isused to measure the event plane and strength of v2 .
Currently, I have calibrated Ψ3 and am working on
calculating Ψ3 resolution.
Resolution

where vn =< cos(n[φ − Ψn ]) > with n = 1, 2, 3..., φ is
the transverse angle of an emitted particle and Ψn isan event plane. The event plane is deﬁned as the average angle of all emmitted particles that are detected.
Thus even-order ﬂow(v2 ) which is called elliptic ﬂow
has been studied. These studies provide initial spatial conditions and the information of speciﬁc viscosity
η/s of QGP in the hydrodynamic. The anisotropic
ﬂow is originated from initial spatial anisotropy. The
initial spatial anisotropy lead to anisotropic collectivity in momentumu space. However, the hydrodynamic
model does not completely agree with experimental
data completly. There is still uncertainty in the theoretical model. Recently, the ﬂuctuation of initial spatial anisotropy was focused upon. The ﬂuctuation of
eccentricity can lead to initial spatial triangularity.
The initial spatial triangularity from the ﬂuctuationis the origin of v3 which is triangular ﬂow strength.
This Fourier coeﬃcient is important to determine theinitial state anisotropy and η/s.
In 2012, Cu+Au collisions were investigated at
RHIC. Such asymmetric collisions of heavy nuclei canprovide diﬀerent participant proﬁles through symmetric collisions of heavy nuclei such as Au+Au andCu+Cu because of uniqe initial geometry. In symmetric collisions, initial geometry ﬂuctuations lead to
odd harmonics. However in Cu+Au collisions such an
uniqe initial geometry could lead to non-zero odd harmonics. Cu+Au v3 could come from such a initial geometrical triangularity, rather than ﬂuctuation. Therefore, the measurement of Cu+Au non-zero harmonics
is quite important to determine initial conditions.
In this paper, we report the current status of v2 ,v3
measurement at midrapidity in Cu+Au collisions. In
order to measure v2 , v3 , an event-plane method is applied. To apply the event-plane method, the following∗1i=1

Ψn = tan−1 (Qyn /Qxn )/n,

0.5

BBC S
BBC N
FVTX|η|>1 S
FVTX|η|>1 N

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1

0
0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80
90
100
centrality[%]Fig. 1. FVTX/BBC Ψ2 resolution as a function of centrality.

References
1) PRL 107, 252301 40, L1299 (2011).
2) arXiv:1111.5095v1 Lett. 20113) arXiv:1210.5570v2 [nucl-ex] 8 Nov 2012

Univ. of Tsukuba- 77 -

1

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)√
Study of direct photon azimuthal anisotropy in sN N =200GeV
Au+Au in RHIC-PHENIX experiment
S. Mizuno∗1 for the PHENIX collaboration
expands hydro-dynamically under given initial conditions. In addition, v2 is found to be affected by the
initial geometry.
It is found that direct photon v2 is close to zero in
the high pT region, although π 0 has finite v2 . This isconsistent with the expectation that prompt photons
from intial hard scattering are dominant at high pT . It
is also found that direct photon v2 is almost the sameas π 0 at low pT , where thermal photons are thought
to be dominant. The precise reason of this large v2 is
not well understood yet.
Higher order azimuthal anisotropy vn (n > 2) is considered to be more sensitive to initial geometry and
QGP shear viscosity η/s (the ratio of shear viscosity eta to entropy density s) under expansion. Hence,vn (n > 2) has been actively studied recently, and it isconsidered to be important for calculating the initialstate model and the viscosity of QGP. The results of
π ± , K ± , and pp̄ are shown in Fig. 2. It is found thatvn (n > 2) also has collective motion.
The ongoing studies on direct photon vn (n > 2)
could help in understanding the puzzle of direct photon
v2 .

High energy heavy ion collision experiments havebeen performed since 2000 at the Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC), in order to study properties ofquark-gluon plasma (QGP). Direct photon, which includes all sources from various processes except one
from hadron decay, has been measured as a powerful tool. It is expected not to interact strongly with
QGP, thus providing information on when it is created. Furthermore, because direct photons are createdin various processes during the entire space-time history of collisions, they provide different probes from allstages, for example, initial hard scattering, thermal radiation from QGP, and bremsstrahlung from partonic
energy loss. Photons originating from various sources
are measured inclusively in the experiment, so there
are dificulities in measuring photons while identifying
their sources. To circumvent the difficulty, we measure
the direct photon azimuthal anisotropy.

0.25

Centrality 0-50%
v 2{Φ2}0.2

π++π- K K
pp

0.15

Fig. 1. v2 as a function of pT of π 0 (Black) and inclusive
photon(Red) in the left plots. Direct photon v2 as afunction of pT is in the right plots.1)

0.15
0.1

0.05

0.05

Vn

0

-0.05
0.25 01

2

v 4{Φ4}x1.5

0.2

dN/dφ = N0 [1 +2vn cos{n(φ − Ψn )}]vn = < cos {n(φ − Ψn } >

(1)

1

2

3

(d)4

2

3

4

v 4{Φ2}x5.0

0.15

0.1

0.1

0.05

0.05
0
0

1

2

-0.05
3
40

1

pT [GeV/c](2)where φ is the azimuthal angle of photons, and vn
and Ψn are the strength and direction of the nth -orderharmonic azimuthal anisotropy, respectively. The second component (v2 ) is referred to as elliptic flow andis measured for various dependences (e.g. pT , particle
species). It provides the collective properties of thehigh density matter, possibly QGP, that interacts and
∗1

-0.05
3 0.25(c)4 0
0.2

0.15

-0.05

(b)

v 3{Φ3}x1.5
Solid: EP
Opened: 2PC:pT correlated sys. of EPπ±

0



0.2

0.1

0

Azimuthal anisotropy is defined as a relative amplitude of anisotropic azimuthal distribution with respect to the reaction plane. To quantify the anisotropy,
Fourier series is used for the azimuthal distribution of
the number of emitted particles.

0.25
(a)

Fig. 2. π ± ,K ± , and pp̄ (a) v2 , (b) v3 × 1.5, (c) v4 × 1.5,and (d) v4 (Ψ2 )×5.0 as functions of pT . The green band
indicates pT correlated systematic uncertainties.

References
1) A. Adare et al.: P.R.L. 109, 122302 (2012)

University of Tsukuba- 78 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Result of the energy scan program at RHIC-PHENIX
Y. Ikeda∗1
1

Introduction

old behavior of collision energy, if the quark number
dependency is an indicator of a QGP phase. A newreaction plane detector was installed to measure thev2 of hadrons with an enhanced event plane resolution
at the RHIC-PHENIX experiment10) . The higher resolution allows us to study v2 at low energy collisions,which have low statistics of particles.

According to quantum chromodynamics, quarks andgluons are conﬁned with strong forces in hadrons. It is
expected that they are de-conﬁned at a high temperature or high density1,2) . This is called Quark Gluon
Plasma (QGP), which may have existed in the early
universe according to the big bang theory or in thecore of a neutron star3,4) . Experimentally, it is formedby relativistic heavy ion collision with a collider. The
system geometry is elliptical at the ﬁrst stage of a noncentral collision. The geometrical anisotropy generates
the asymmetry in the yield of particles as a functionof the azimuthal angle with respect to the event planeof an event. The azimuthal anisotropy indicates an interaction with a short mean free path of partons in a
hot dense medium. It also gives information about theinitial state and its expansion, possibly through the
QGP phase. The magnitude of azimuthal anisotropyof particle emission is measured as the second term ofa Fourier series (v2 ),dN/dϕ = N (1 + 2v2 cos 2(ϕ − Ψ)),3

Results of the energy scan program at
RHIC-PHENIX

The v2 of π + π − , K + , K − , p, p̄ and d were measured√
in the Au+Au sN N = 39 and 62 GeV collisions11) .
The number of constituent quark scaling of the v2 ofhadrons is mostly established in these energies (ﬁg.1
shows the results of 39 GeV). Considering this as anindication of the QGP phase, the threshold energy of
the QGP-hadron phase transition would be lower than√sN N = 39 GeV. In contrast, particle (especially p) v2
diﬀers from anti-particle v2 in these lower beam energy
collisions. It could be given by interactions such as p-p̄annihilation in the high baryon density caused by thebaryon stopping in the low energy collision.

(1)

where N is number of the particle emissions, ϕ is azimuthal angle of the particle emission [rad], and Ψ isthe event plane angle [rad].
2

Quark number scaling of hadron v2

The measured large v2 of hadrons is an indicator of
the small mean free path in the hot dense medium anda hydrodynamic model with a low viscosity reproduces
the collective behavior of the particles5,6) . Meanwhile,
the v2 value scales with the constituent quark number and is independent of the particle mass. It indicates that the ﬂow of hadrons is built up by the ﬂow
of quarks in the QGP according to the quark coalescence model. The v2 of hadrons is the sum of the v2of combined partons in the quark coalescence model asfollows,pT(2)
v2hadron (pT ) = nv2parton ( ),nFig. 1. The scaled hadron v2 as a function of KET =mT − m with the number of constituents quarks in the√
Au+Au sN N = 39. The KET scale cancels the pT
shift by the collective behavior.

References
1) F.Karsch: in:Lecture Notes in Physics 583, 209 (2002).
2) F. Karsch et. al.: Phys. Lett. B 478, 447 (2000).
3) E.V.Shuryak: Phys. Rep. 61, 71 (1980).
4) J.C.Collins et. al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 34, 1353 (1975).
5) P. F. Kolb: Heavy Ion Phys. 21, 234 (2004).
6) S. S. Adler et al.: PRL91, 182301 (2003).
7) R.J. Fries et. al.: PRL90, 202303 (2003).
8) R.J. Fries et. al.: PRC68, 044902 (2003).
9) A. Adare et al.: PRC85 064914 (2012).
10) E. Richardson et al.: NIM A636 99 (2010).
11) Y. Ikeda for the PHENIX collaboration: SQM, Birmingham (2013).

where n is the number of partons in hadrons7,8) . The
experimental result of quark number scaling of v2
suggests the quark level collectivity in the hot dense
matter and the quark coalescence mechanism forms
hadrons from quark matter via quark-gluon phase√transition in the Au+Au sN N = 200 GeV collision
at RHIC-PHENIX9) .
The study of v2 with the energy scan of heavy ion
collision may provide information about the thresh∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 79 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Search for the strong magnetic field via di-electron measurement
in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC-PHENIX
T. Hoshino∗1,∗2 for the PHENIX collaboration
A strong magnetic ﬁeld is expected to be createdin high-energy heavy-ion collisions. The intensity ofthe magnetic ﬁeld created in the collisions at BNLRHIC is estimated to reach about 1014 teslas. The
ﬁeld creation can be considered to be due to the eﬀectof both of collision participants and collision spectatorsand the ﬁeld direction is perpendicular to the reaction
plane (Fig. 1).
The possibility of ﬁeld creation was presented ﬁrst
about 35 years ago1) . In recent years, this began toattract attention because achieving an increase in theﬁeld intensity with increasing energy of the collider iswell beyond the critical ﬁeld of an electron (eBc = m2e ).
The time evolution of this ﬁeld is also calculated basedon theories. According to the theoretical calculation,
the ﬁeld intensity decreases rapidly, but maintains fora few fm/c above the critical magnetic ﬁeld of an electron2) . Chiral magnetic eﬀects and other interesting
eﬀects, such as non-linear QED eﬀects, are discussed
based on the theories to be caused by the strong ﬁeld.
From experimental studies, charged particle asymmetry with respect to the reaction plane3) and directphoton azimuthal anisotropy4) suggest the presence ofthe strong ﬁeld. However, the ﬁeld itself is yet to be
directly detected experimentally.
Direct detection of the ﬁeld in high-energy nuclear
collisions is a very important issue. Detection of thestrongest ﬁeld in the universe has a major impact initself. Further, the observation of the ﬁeld leads to the
conﬁrmation of the chiral magnetic eﬀect. Moreover,there is a possibility to verify non-linear quantum electrodynamics eﬀects such as vacuum-birefringence andthe decay of real photons.
Direct photons/virtual photons are good candidates
for probing the ﬁeld detection, because they are not affected by the strong interaction and they maintain theinitial information. Pi0 decay photons/Dalitz-decay
electron pairs are candidates for control probes because
they are from the later time. Combinatorial pairs frommixed events could also be used as a control probe.
According to the calculation of photon vacuum polarization in a strong magnetic ﬁeld, the production
rate of di-electrons from virtual photon decay depends
on the ﬁeld direction5) . Since PHENIX has a goodelectron-identiﬁcation capability, we focus on virtualphoton decays with a dependence on the magnetic ﬁeld
direction. By using electron pairs from virtual-photon
decays as the probe, polarization measurement is possible without the using of a polarimeter.
∗1∗2Fig. 1. Schematic image of the magnetic field creation inheavy-ion collision√
We are using the sN N = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions data set collected in 2004 at the RHIC-PHENIX.
Electrons and positrons are identiﬁed by RICH and
EMCal, and momentum is decided by Drift Chamberand Pad Chamber. Global variables, z-vertex, centrality and reaction plane, are decided by Beam-Beam
Counter.
We select two di-electron invariant-mass region,
0.12 < mee < 0.3 GeV/c2 and 0 < mee < 0.1 GeV/c2 .
The ﬁrst region contains virtual photon components,
and thus, this region is expected to contain the signal. The second is dominant Dalitz-decay di-electron,
which has no-physics eﬀect to polarization. The polarization is measured using the angular distributionsof di-electron with a correlation to the reaction plane,
as a function of centrality, because it depends on thestrength of the created ﬁeld. Now, we focus on polarizations of Dalitz-dacay pairs and combinatorial pairs,
which is important for background subtraction. We
discuss what kind of background is included, how tosubtract backgrounds, and how to extract the signal.
References
1) B.Muller et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 36, 517 (1976)
2) D.E.Kharzeev et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 803, 227 (2008)3) B.I.Abelev et al. (STAR): Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 251601(2009)
4) A.Adare et al. (PHENIX): Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 122302(2012)
5) K.Ishikawa et al.: Int. J. Mod. Phys. A28, 1350100(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University- 80 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

High pT hadron production in Au+Au collisions at√

sN N = 200 GeV

Y. Akiba,∗1 R. Akimoto,∗1 H. Asano,∗1 S. Bathe,∗1,∗2 S. Baumgart,∗1 K. Boyle,∗1 J. Bryslawskyj,∗2
C-H. Chen,∗1 L. Ding,∗3 A. Enokizono,∗4 S. Esumi,∗5 T. Hachiya,∗1 S. Horiuchi,∗5 J. Koster,∗1 K. Kurita,∗4
M. Kurosawa,∗1 A. Lebedev,∗3 M. McCumber,∗6 H. Nakagomi,∗4 R. Nouicer,∗1 C. Ogilvie,∗3 Z. Rowan,∗2
H. Sako,∗1 S. Sato,∗7 A. Shaver,∗3 M. Shimomura,∗1,∗3 M. Stepanov,∗8 A. Taketani,∗1 M. Wysocki,∗9and the PHENIX VTX groupluted with the detector resolution, whereas fake tracks
can have any DCA.
Figure 1 shows the raw DCA distribution in thetransverse plane. A peak is observed around zero
DCA, which is dominated by real tracks, above a background of random tracks and weak decays.
Figure 2 shows the transverse momentum distribution of tracks with and without the small-DCA requirement. At high pT , the spectrum without the DCA requirement appears unphysically ﬂat, whereas the spectrum with the requirement continues to fall. This observed behavior suggests that the DCA requirement
successfully suppresses the background.
These plots indicate the potential of this method.
Recently, signiﬁcant progress has been made in rejecting misfunctioning parts of the detector and improving
the tracking algorithm. The analysis is still in progress.

One of the most signiﬁcant discoveries at RHIC has
been the suppression of high pT hadrons in central
Au+Au collisions1) . In pQCD models, the data constrain the transport coeﬃcient, q̂ 2) .
Currently the best measurement at RHIC is achievedby neutral pions3) . For charged hadrons, the measurement is limited by a background from photon conversions and random tracks, both mimicking high transverse momentum tracks.
With the recent addition of a Silicon Vertexing
Tracker (VTX)4) to PHENIX, it is possible to significantly reject this background and to extend hadronmeasurement to a higher pT . Tracks need to be reconstructed with a small Distance of Closest Approach(DCA) of the track projection on the primary vertex.
Real tracks are reconstructed with zero DCA convo-

Fig. 2. Uncorrected hadron pT spectra for diﬀerent purity
cuts. At high pT , the spectrum without the DCA requirement appears unphysically ﬂat while the spectrumwith the DCA requirement continues to fall.

Fig. 1. Raw DCA distribution in the transverse plane. The
peak around zero DCA is dominated by real tracks. The
underlying background comes from random tracks andweak decays. The fall-oﬀ at ± 0.4 cm is an artifact of
the tracking algorithm.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

References

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College, CUNY
Department of Physics & Astronomy, Iowa State University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy
AgencyPhysics Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst
Physics Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

1) K. Adcox et al. [PHENIX Collaboration]; Phys. Rev.
Lett. 88, 022301 (2002).
2) A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration]; Phys. Rev. C
77, 064907 (2008).
3) A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration]; Phys. Rev. C
87, no. 3, 034911 (2013).
4) A. Taketani et al. [PHENIX Collaboration]; Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 623, 374 (2010).

- 81 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Status of the charm and bottom measurement with PHENIX-VTX
T. Hachiya,∗1 A. Adare,∗2 Y. Akiba,∗1 R. Akimoto,∗1 H. Asano,∗1 S. Bathe,∗1 J. Bryslawskyj,∗3 A. Dion,∗4
T. Koblesky,∗2 M. Kurosawa,∗1 M. McCumber,∗5 D. McGlinchey,∗2 T. Moon,∗1 H. Nakagomi,∗1 R. Nouicer,∗6
H. Sako,∗7 S. Sato,∗7 M. Shimomura,∗8 T. Sumita,∗1 A. Taketani,∗1 H. Torii,∗1 and the PHENIX VTX groupthe ideal curve.
(3) DCA decomposition method:
The charm and bottom yields were obtained byﬁtting the measured DCA distribution with the
DCA templates of charms and bottoms3) . The
DCA templates are correlated with the shapeof their transverse momentum (pT ) distribution
since the DCA is determined by convolution of
two eﬀects: the decay length of the parent particle and pT kick relative to the parent momentum. In order to include this eﬀect, we ﬁt boththe DCA and pT distribution of electrons simultaneously. We are testing the several methods
to decompose charm and bottom components.

Heavy quarks (bottom and charm) are one of theclean probes for studying properties of hot dense
medium created in the high energy heavy ion collisions.
Due to their large mass, heavy quarks are mainly produced though the initial hard scattering. Once produced, the heavy quarks traverse and interact withthe medium. Therefore, the modiﬁcation of their production yield and emission angle reﬂects the medium
properties.
The PHENIX experiment1) installed a silicon vertex tracker (VTX)2) and collected a large amount of√p + p, Au+Au and Cu+Au collision events at sN N =200 GeV successfully in the past three years. The
VTX provides a clear separation of charm and bottom quarks via measurement of distance of the closest
approach of electrons relative to the collision vertex(DCA).
The preliminary results of the fraction of (b →e)/(b → e + c → e) and the azimuthal anisotropy ofcharms were already reported3,4) . In order to improve
the DCA measurement, we recently updated the following items in the analysis:(1) Hot and dead channel status on the sensor:
The bad channels that have extremely higher
and lower hit rate were masked. In addition,
the unstable channels that changed the hit rateby time were also newly masked. Figure 1 shows
the map of the hot and dead channels for a readout chip. The colored channels indicate the badchannels caused by the faulty bump bonding between the sensor and the readout chip.
(2) Parameter tuning of the track association between the VTX hits and the track measured in
the central arm:
The angular resolution of tracks measured in thecentral arm was an input for the χ2 calculationof the track ﬁtting between VTX hits and thetrack. This resolution was updated to be realistic (1m rad.). The blue histogram and black
curve in Fig. 2 show the χ2 distribution for thereconstructed proton in simulation and the ideal
χ2 function. The histogram suitably reproduces
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Fig. 1. Hot and dead channels for a readout chip. The
colors indicate the bad statuses mostly due to faulty
bump bonding.

Fig. 2. The χ2 distribution of proton in simulation. The
histogram suitably reproduces the ideal curve.

We are working to complete the Au+Au and p + p
analysis for publication. The Cu+Au analysis is alsoin progress and we aim to show the ﬁrst Cu+Au resultin 2014.

RIKEN Nishina Center
University of Colorado
City University of New York
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Brookhaven National Laboratory
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Iowa State University

References
1) K. Adcox et al.: Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 499, 469 (2003).
2) R. Nouicer et al.: Proc. of Sci. (Vertex2007), 042 (2007).
3) R. Akimoto et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 60(2013).
4) M. Kurosawa et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 61(2013).

- 82 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)√Measurement of D 0 in p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV using the
Silicon Vertex Tracker at RHIC-PHENIX
T. Moon,∗1,∗2 A. Adare,∗3 Y. Akiba,∗1 R. Akimoto,∗1,∗4 H. Asano,∗1,∗5 S. Bathe,∗1 J. Bryslawskyj,∗6 A. Dion,∗7
T. Koblesky,∗3 T. Hachiya,∗1 M. Kurosawa,∗1 M. Mccumber,∗8 D. Mcglinchey,∗3 H. Nakagomi,∗1,∗9 R. Nouicer,∗1
H. Sako,∗1 S. Sato,∗1 M. Shimomura,∗10 T. Sumita,∗1 A. Taketani,∗1 H. Torii,∗1 and the PHENIX VTX group
Measurements of the D0 meson (and its charge conjugate) via the hadronic channel D0 → K − + π +(D̄0 → K + + π − ) in p + p collisions provide important
information. First, the total cross section of charm
production can be obtained and compared with perturbative Qantum Chromodynamics (pQCD) calculations. Second, it provides the baseline measurementof charm production in order to understand the properties of the hot and dense QCD medium, created byheavy ion collisions, by comparing D0 production inp + p and Au+Au collisions.
Direct reconstruction of the D 0 meson is challenging
because of its short decay lengths, cτ = 122.9µm, anda very large combinatorial background. However, theSilicon Vertex Tracker (VTX),1),2) installed into the
PHENIX experiment during the 2011 run, can separate the primary vertex and the D0 → K − + π + decay vertex with high resolution. This can substantiallyeliminate the combinatorial background.
The strategy to extract D0 production yield is basedon an invariant mass analysis of all the possible pairsof two oppositely charged tracks. The invariant mass,MKπ , is defined as follows.
→→p − )2(1)p++−
MKπ = (E+ + E− )2 − (−
E± =



→
m2± + −
p 2±-

The invariant mass distribution of K π+ before applying a DCA cut
CutMass48

Entries
Mean
RMS

22000

1.02221e+07
1.83
0.1697

Counts/5MeV/c2

20000

18000

16000

14000

12000

MD0 = 1.86486 GeV/c2
1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

MK-π+ (GeV/c 2)-

The invariant mass distribution of K π+ after applying a DCA cut
CutMass52
Entries
683224
Mean
1.823
RMS
0.16851300Counts/5MeV/c2

1200
1100
1000
900
800
700
600

MD0 = 1.86486 GeV/c2

500
1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9

2

2.1

MK-π+ (GeV/c 2)

Fig. 1. The invariant mass distribution of K − π + before
and after applying a DCA cut

track, K − or π + , of the D0 meson is larger than that ofprimary track, which comes from the primary vertex.
Therefore, we can reject those primary tracks used in
the invariant mass analysis by applying a DCA cut.
The intermediate result is shown in Fig. 1, whichindicates the invariant mass distribution of K − π + before and after applying a DCA cut. There is a hint ofa small peak at the D0 mass region in the mass spectrum with the DCA cut (the lower panel). However,there still remains a substantial combinatorial background. Therefore, it is necessary to further reducethe combinatorial background without sacrificing too
many D0 signals, and it is expected to be solved by
selecting tracks in accordance with the D0 decay kinematics using the VTX. We have been developing ananalysis code that selects the decay kinematics of D0
appropriately, leaving room for improving of the signal
to background ratio.

(2)

In the above equations, the subscript + or − indicates the charge of the track. We assigned the mass,(m+ , m− ) = (mK , mπ ) or (mπ , mK ).
In the absence of any ion pair selection, the signal
to combinatorial background ratio would be too small
to extract the D0 signal in the invariant mass distribution. It is, therefore, mandatory to select tracks on thebasis of kinematical and geometrical considerations.
One of the quantities that is useful for track selectionis the distance of the closest approach (DCA) of thereconstructed track to the primary vertex in the planetransverse to the beam direction. DCA of the daughter
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Yonsei University∗3 Department of Physics, University of Colorado∗4 CNS, Univ. of Tokyo∗5 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗6 Department of Physics, Baruch Colleage, CUNY
∗7 Department of Physics, Stony Brook University∗8 Los Alamos National Laboratory∗9 Department of Physics, Univ. of Tsukuba∗10 Department of Physics, Iowa State University∗1∗2

References
1) A. Taketani et al. [PHENIX Collaboration]; Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A. 623, 374, 2010.
2) T. Hachiya et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 179(2011).

- 83 -

1

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Development of coordinate oﬀset online calibration system at
RHIC-PHENIX
H. Asano,∗1,∗2 A.Adare,∗3 Y. Akiba,∗2 R. Akimoto,∗4,∗2 A. Dion,∗5 S. Bathe,∗6,∗2 J. Bryslawskyj,∗6
D.McGlinchey,∗3 T.Koblesky,∗3 T.Moon,∗7,∗2 T. Hachiya,∗2 M. Kurosawa,∗2 A. Lebedev,∗8 M. McCumber,∗9
H. Nakagomi,∗10,∗2 R. Nouicer,∗11,∗2 H. Sako,∗12,∗2 S. Sato,∗12,∗2 M. Shimomura,∗4,∗2 T. Sumita,∗2 H.Torii,∗2
A. Taketani,∗2 and the PHENIX VTX group
The PHENIX experiment in the Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory has been upgraded by installing a silicon vertex
tracker (VTX)1). The VTX has been developed forheavy-ﬂavor (charm and bottom) measurements and isdedicated to precise tracking for ﬁnding primary andsecondary vertices. The ﬁrst set of physics data including the VTX was recorded for the Au+Au collisions in
RUN 11 (RHIC experiment performed in 2011).
The ﬁrst and second layers of the VTX are comprised of pixel detectors, and the third and the fourthlayers of VTX are comprised of stripixel detectors2),
as shown in Fig. 1. Geometrical calibration is important because precise alignment is required in the VTX
to identify primary and secondary vertices. To analyze
the distance of closest approach (DCA) of tracks to theprimary vertex, we require a drift chamber (DC) trackis associated with the clusters on the VTX, as shownin Fig. 2.

to access the detectors, we need to calibrate the relative positions of the detectors. We developed an online
and automated system to calibrate the coordinate oﬀset between each of the west and east half barrels of
VTX and DC in the east and west arms. Once we access the detectors, we always take zero-magnetic-ﬁeld
data in which all tracks from the collision point are
assumed to be straight. The online calibration system calculates the beam center position with respect
to DC west/east and VTX west/east coordinate system. Once the zero-ﬁeld data are taken, the online
calibration system runs immediately, and its result is
submitted to a database. This result is used in the
tracking analysis. This module outputs QA plots sothat we can conﬁrm that the result is reasonable.
In summary, we developed a coordinate oﬀset online calibration system for RHIC-PHENIX. The system outputs calibration parameters of the coordinate
oﬀset of VTX and DC for the tracking analysis with
VTX and DC data.

Fig. 1. Cross section of the VTX. The VTX is separated
into a west half barrel and an east half barrel.

In the PHENIX apparatus, the west and east halfbarrels of VTX and DC in the east and west arms
are mechanically separated, and their relative positions may shift. After each time we open up the apparatus

Fig. 2. Cross section of the PHENIX detector. The relative
position of VTX west/east and DC west/east can be
moved during the experiment.

∗1

Department of Physics, Kyoto University
RIKEN Nishina Center∗3 Department of Physics, University of Colorado Boulder∗4 Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo, Japan∗5 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University∗6 Department of Physics, City University of New York∗7 Department of Physics, Yonsei University∗8 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Iowa State University∗9 Los Alamos National Laboratory∗10 Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, Universityof Tsukuba∗11 Brookhaven National Laboratory∗12 JAEA, Advanced Science Research Center

References∗21) M Baker et al, Proposal for a Silicon Vertex Tracker(VTX) for PHENIX Experiment, 2004 BNL72204-2004,
Physics Dept. BNL
2) A. Taketani et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 623 (2010)374- 84 -

1

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Status of analysis of longitudinal double helicity asymmetry in π 0√
production in s = 510 GeV polarized proton–proton collision by
PHENIX central arm
I. YOON∗1,∗2 for the PHENIX Collaboration
The final goal of this research is to contrain polarized
gluon distribution via measurement of the longitudi0
nal double
helicity asymmetry of π 0 production (AπLL )√with s = 510 GeV RHIC PHENIX data. Based on
the results of EMC experiment and other following experiments, the quark-spin component of a proton is
only 0.330±0.011(T heo.)±0.025(Exp.)±0.028(Evol.).
1)2)
The remaining spin might be carried by gluons ororbital momentum. However, the gluon-spin component is poorly measured because polarized gluon dis2)
tribution has not been
√ measured precisely. However,measurement with s = 510 GeV RHIC PHENIX
data can contribute significantly toward constraining
polarized gluon distribution. The gluon-spin compo0
nent can be measured via AπLL in polarized proton collisions, which is defined as
π0
π0
σ++
− σ+−
π0
ALL (PT ) = π0π0
σ++ + σ+−0Thus far, event selection and related low-level study,
EMCal warnmap generation, and EMCal TOF towerby-tower correction have been done.
An EMCal warnmap is a map of abnormal EMCal
towers. To reject events from the abnormal towers,
a warnmap has been generated wherein noisy, deadand uncalibrated towers are marked. EMCal towerby-tower TOF correction has been performed. Before
the correction, there was tower-by-tower TOF deviation, and the deviation depended on time. After thecorrection, the TOFs of all towers are well aligned.
For event selection, the shower-shape cut, chargeveto cut and TOF cut are applied to reject hadronic,
charged and ghost events, respectively. Clusters in an
EMCal can survive up to three bunch-crossings. Clusters from previous crossings are called ghost clusters.
For the charge-veto cut and TOF cut, cut parameters
are optimized by the signal-to-noise ratio. In addition
to the three cuts mentioned above, the conventional
minimum energy cut and vertex cut are also applied.
After event selection, the statistics for remaining π 0
is 6.97 × 107 . The results of the event selection aresummarized in Fig. 1.

(1)

0

π
π
where σ++and σ+−
denote the π 0 cross section from acollision between same helicity protons and that froma collision between opposite helicity protons, respectively.
√Compared to the previous measurement with s =200 GeV RHIC
√ data (Run09), the ongoing measurement with s = 510 GeV RHIC data (Run13) will
cover a lower momentum-fraction (Bjorken x) kinematic region, where the uncertainty large. The integrated luminosity of Run13 is much higher
comparedto that of Run09. The figure of merit ( L×PB2 ×PY2 dt)
considering beam polarization (PB and PY ) is also
higher. Table 1 presents a comparison between Run09
and Run13. Thus, this research can contribute toward constraining polarized gluon distribution. The
progress of the analysis is presented herein.

Diphoton Invariant Mass Distribution w/ Various Cuts
6

20 ×10s
Bjorkenx region
Ldt

L×PB2 ×PY2 dt

Run09
200 GeV0.05∼0.2
15 pb−1
1.4 pb−1∗2

cv_cut14

shower_cv_cut

shower_cut
tof_shower_cut
tof_cv_cut
shower_tof_cv_cut

10
8
6
4
2
0

0.06

0.08

0.1

0.12

0.14

0.16

0.18

0.2

0.22
mγ γ (GeV)

Fig. 1. Diphoton invariant mass distribution with various
cuts for all PT bins. After event selection, 70% of thenoise is suppressed, whereas 30% of the signal is lost.
0

After the completion of event selection, AπLL calcu0
lation has been started. AπLL calculation is currently
in preliminary stage. Estimation of statistical and systematic uncertainties is also being carried on. To validate the analysis, single-spin asymmetry is being calculated.

Run13
510 GeV0.02∼0.08
145 pb−1
14.7 pb−1

In this experiment, π 0 is measured via π 0 →γγ decays using a highly segmented electromagnetic
calorimeter (EMCal) covering |η| < 0.35 and ∆φ = π.
∗1

tof_cut

16

12

Table 1. Measurement with RHIC Run09 and Run13 data√

no_cut18

References
1) J. Ashman et al.: Phys. Rev. B 206, 2 (1988).
2) A. Airapetian et al.: Phys. Rev. D 75, 012007 (2007).
3) D. de Florian and W. Vogelsang: Phys. Rev. D 80,
034030 (2009).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics & astronomy, Seoul National University- 85 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Status of π 0 pair ALL analysis in RHIC-PHENIX experimentK.Hashimoto,∗1,∗2 R.Seidl,∗1 and Y.Goto∗1 for the PHENIX collaboration
1

Introduction

and x2 of the dijet production at the mid-rapidity region have a similar value. We can not mesure total energy of scattered partons. We measured the π 0 pair instead of the dijet(or partons). If we select back-to-backhadron pair production at the mid-rapidity region, theBjorken-x of two incoming partons should be almost
balanced. If values of two Bjorken x are not balanced,
the produced particles system is boosted, and theseparticles should move to the exterior of the PHENIX
central arm acceptance, where the rapidity region is|∆η| < 0.35. Figure 1 is a result of PYTHIA6.4 simulation. The vertical the horizontal axes are the log of
Bjorken-x distribution. The colors denote the numberof events. We accepted all events in which the pt of
π 0 , which decays gamma fire trigger is up to 2.0 GeV
and in which the pt of π 0 , which is produced in the opposite direction of the triggered π 0 is up to 1.5 GeV.
The events in which two Bjorken-x’s are similar are selected. The selection of back-to-back hadron pair production at a mid-rapidity region can suppress eventsin which two Bjorken-x’s are Bjorken-x1>>Bjorken-x2
or Bjorken-x1<<Bjorken-x2.

The proton has a spin of 1/2 that originates frominternal quarks and gluons. Results from deep inelastic scattering (DIS) experiments1) show that the quark
spin contribution to the proton spin is only about 25%. In the PHENIX experiment, the gluon-spin contribution to the proton spin has been studied for more than
10 years. In recent years, double helicity asymmetries,
ALL , have been measured in several types production(π 0 , π ± , direct photon, etc). In the case of single inclusive π 0 production, ALL is defined as follow:
0
AπLL ≡∑

ab→cX ab→cX π 0
âLL
Dc
∑
ab→cX D π 0ffσ̂ca,b,c a b

a,b,c ∆fa ∆fb σ̂

(1)where fa,b represent unpolarized parton distributionfunctions (PDFs) of partons a and b and ∆fa,b repre0
sent polarized PDFs, Dcπ is a fragmentation function(FF) of parton c to π 0 , σ̂ ab→cX and âab→cX
denoteLL
the cross section and ALL of the partonic subprocess
ab → cX respectively.
Experimentally, the ALL for π 0 production is determined as
0

AπLL =

N++ − RN+−
1
L++
;R =
< PB PY > N++ + RN+−L+−

3

We calculated ALL as well as AL for π 0 pair production , ALL for the single inclusive π 0 production
etc, for cross checking. We determined te our analysis
passed these tests. We are also checking for consistency
in statistics between experimental data and simulated
data with the PYTHIA 6.4 event generator.
This analysis is being preformed at RIKEN-CCJ2) ,and we are grateful for its smooth operation.

(2)

where N++(+−) is the number of π 0 s and R is the relative luminosity between bunches with the same andopposite helicities. < PB PY > are the averaged beampolarizations.
2

Current status of this study

Simulation study on kinematics coverage

Bjorken-x is a fraction of a proton’s longitudinal momentum. Let us imagine a reaction parton a interacting with parton b and producing jets(or partons) c andd: parton(a)+parton(b) → jet(c)+jet(d). In this case,
Bjorken-x can be determined by using pseudorapidity
and the transverse momentum of scatterted partons cand d1
x1 = √ (pT,c eηc + pT,d eηd )
s

(3)

1
x2 = √ (pT,c e−ηc + pT,d e−ηd )s(4)Fig. 1. Bjorken-x distribution for the π 0 pair production.

If both partons c and d are produced in the midrapidity region, eηc,d and e−ηc,d are similar. Hence, x1∗1∗2

References
1) http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/0101224v1
2) http://ccjsun.riken.jp/

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 86 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of longitudinal double-spin asymmetries of J/ψ
√production in polarized p+p collisions at s=500 GeV for 2012 run
X. Wang,∗1,∗2 H. Yu,∗2,∗3,∗4 and M. Liu∗4

2000
1800
1600

1 N ++ − RN +−,Pb Py N ++ + RN +−

1000
800
600
400

∗2
∗3
∗4

N sig. = 2.386e+04

2500

N bkg. = 8.257e+03

2000

N sig.
= 2.889
N bkg.
N bkg.
r== 0.257
N sig.+N bkg.

1500
1000
500

200
0

2

3

4

5

0

6
7
M(µ + µ -) GeV/c

2

3

4

5

6
7
M(µ + µ -) GeV/c

Fig. 1. Invariant mass distribution of dimuons at
GeV for data obtained during the 2012 run.

√s = 500

J/ψAincl
LL is related to ALL by
BG
Aincl
LL − r · ALL
,
1−r

BG 2
2
2
(δAincl
LL ) + r · (δALL )J/ψδALL =
,
1−r
J/ψ

(3)

ALL =

(4)

where r is the background fraction, and ABG
LL is thebackground asymmetry, which is measured using likesign dimuons under the J/ψ peak and the side-band
unlike-sign dimuons.
Fig. 2 shows the sensitivity of J/ψ Aincl
LL vs. pT
based on data obtained during the 500 GeV polarized
p+p run in 2012. The analysis is in progress and weare working towards preliminary results for J/ψ crosssection and its longitudinal double-spin asymmetry.

(1)

ALL

J/ψ

χ2 / ndf

0.2

North

0.15

(2)

where Pb and Py are the beam polarizations for blue
and yellow beams, respectively; N ++ (N +− ) is the J/ψ
yield from the same (opposite) helicity beam collisions;and R = L++ /L+− is the relative luminosity measured using beam beam counter (BBC) and zero degreecalorimeter (ZDC) at very forward rapidity.
The invariant mass distribution of dimuons is shownin Fig. 1. Invariant mass distribution is fitted using
a third-order polynomial and two Gaussian functions.
The number of J/ψ is calculated on the basis of he fitting with a 2σ cut. The measured inclusive asymmetry∗1

N sig.
= 2.473
N bkg.
N bkg.
r== 0.288
N sig.+N bkg.

1200

where ∆g(x)(g(x)) is the (un)polarized gluon distribuQ̄
tion, and agg→Q
is the partonic asymmetry.
LL
The J/ψ production have been measured by the
PHENIX muon spectrometers at forward and backward rapidities (1.2 < |η| < 2.4), where two muons go
into the same arm.
The longitudinal double-spin asymmetry ALL canbe measured according to the following equation:
ALL =N bkg. = 6.889e+03

1400

σJ/ ψ = 0.188

3000

N sig. = 1.704e+04

p0

6.072e-027 / 2
2.588e-015 ± 0.03321

J/ψ∆g(x1 ) ∆g(x2 )Q̄
×× agg→Q,
LL
g(x1 )g(x2 )

σJ/ ψ = 0.199

2200

0.1

0.05

0.05

0

0

-0.05

-0.05

-0.1

-0.1

-0.15

-0.15

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

South

0.15

RUN 12 p+p 510GeV, 42pb-1

0.1

-0.2
0

χ2 / ndf

0.2

ALL

ALL ∼

Di-muon mass, South arm

Di-muon mass, North arm

Understanding the contribution of polarized gluons
to the proton spin is a key step for resolving the protonspin puzzle. A number of different channels have beenused to study gluon polarization, including final state
hadrons1) and jets2) . Some rarer process involving
direct photons or heavy-flavor production will allow
us to measure the gluon contribution at the leading
order, but their significantly lower production rates
limit their impact on the ∆G constraints. At Relevistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies, heavy-quark
production is dominated by the gluon–gluon interaction; thus, measurements of the longitudinal doublespin asymmetry in heavy-flavor production in the polarized p+p collisions will allow us to study the polarized gluon distributions. J/ψ is a bound state of a c
and c̄ pair. Here, we report the status of longitudinal
double-spin asymmetries in J/ψ production in polarized p+p collisions in the PHENIX experiment at the
RHIC for data collected during 2012.
In the case of the heavy-quark production at RHIC,
the asymmetry is proportional to the gluon polarization at the leading order:

910
p (GeV)
T

-0.2
0

p0

1.025e-040 / 2-2.727e-022 ± 0.02694

RUN 12 p+p 510GeV, 42pb-1

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9
10
p (GeV)T

Fig. 2. Sensitivity of ALL vs. pT in J/ψ production at√
s = 500GeV for data obtained during 2012.

References
1) PHENIX collaboration: Phys. Rev. D 83, 032001(2011); Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 012003 (2009); Phys.
Rev. D 79, 012003 (2009); Phys. Rev. D 73, 091102(R)(2006).
2) PHENIX collaboration: Phys. Rev. D 84, 012006(2011).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, New Mexico State University
Department of Physics, Peking University
P-25, Los Alamos National Laboratory- 87 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

PHENIX local polarimetry analysis status
M. Kim,∗4,∗1 Y. Goto,∗1 T. Iguri,∗3,∗1 Y. Imazu,∗1 C. Kim,∗5,∗1 T. Moon,∗6,∗1 T. Murakami,∗2 J. Murata,∗3
T. Nagashima,∗3,∗1 I. Nakagawa,∗1 S. Park,∗4,∗1 R. Seidl,∗1 W. Saito,∗3,∗1 K. Tanida,∗4,∗1 and I. Yoon∗4,∗1

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

eN(φ)

One of the main goals of the PHENIX experimentat the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is to
study the proton spin structure through spin asymmetry measurements of production cross sections using various probes from polarized p + p collisions. In
2013,
we ran longitudinally polarized p + p collisions at√
s = 510 GeV. Since the stable polarization directionof proton beams circulating in the ring is perpendicular to the ground, the polarization direction is kept
perpendicular except in the experimental hall duringlongitudinally polarized beam collision runs.
Measuring proton beam polarization along the longitudinal direction at the collision is important in double longitudinal spin asymmetry ALL measurements.
The polarization in RHIC is measured by RHIC polarimeters at the position where the spin vector is vertical; however, once the polarization direction is changed
to be longitudinal, some transverse component of thebeam polarization can remain. This should be accounted as a systematic error in the ALL calculation.
The PHENIX local polarimeter measures the transverse component of proton beam polarization at thecollision point with single transverse spin asymmetry
AN in forward neutron production. A large AN for theneutron production was measured in the PHENIX experiment.1) For forward neutron production, which has
a small transverse momentum pT , the large AN cannot be explained by perturbative QCD, but the One
Pion Exchange (OPE) models explain it well. In the
OPE model, finite AN is accompanied by the interference of the spin-flip amplitude of pion-exchange andthe spin-nonflip amplitude of other Reggeon exchange.
A detailed theoretical study is still ongoing.
The PHENIX local polarimeter consists of Zero Degree Calorimeters (ZDCs) and Shower Max Detectors (SMDs) and is located downstream of the beam
dipole-bending-magnet outside of the interaction region. ZDC is a hadron calorimeter, and SMD is ahodoscope composed of plastic scintilator strips. The
neutron’s position is calculated by centroid method using energy deposited in the SMD.
For obtaining the local polarimeter data, a transversely polarized commissioning fill, a longitudinallypolarized commissioning fill, and physics fills are used.
81M events were taken for the transverse commision-

χ2 / ndf

0.03
0.02
0.01

27.97 / 6

p0

0.03737 ± 0.00048

p1

0.09854 ± 0.01273

1.5

2

0
-0.01
-0.02
-0.03
-0.04

0

0.5

1

2.5

3

φ

Fig. 1. eN fitting

ing fill, and 280M events were taken for the longitudinal commissioning fill. During physics runs, the local
polarimeter trigger was used with a prescale, and thescaled trigger rate was about 100-200 Hz.
Events with 70-300 GeV energy are considered in order to avoid background photons; beam scraping backgrounds from the beam pipe, which deposit low energy
in ZDC; and events that directly hit the optical fibers
for ZDC readout. Further, only the events with atleast two hits in the SMD scintillator strips in both x,y coordinates are considered in order to reject the photon background. A fiducial acceptance cut with radius= 0.5-4.0 cm from the SMD center is applied in order
to avoid shower leakage or the smearing effect at thecenter caused by the SMD with about 1 cm position
resolution. After the event selection, 19M events areused for the transverse run analysis.
The measured analyzing power AN measured is defined aseN (φ)
1
AN measured = sin(φ−φp .
0)eN is the raw asymmetry calculated with the squareroot formula,1) and its values for the south detector(counter-clockwise direction from the collision point)in the transverse run are plotted in Fig.1. Only thestatistical error is calculated for the error bars. p is the
proton beam polarization, and it is 0.369±0.061 for theyellow beam (beam runs counter-clockwise direction)
during the transverse run. The calculated AN measured
is 0.101 ± 0.018. For the transverse component calculation, we calculate AN measured of longitudinal runs inthe same manner, then divide that by AN measured of
the transverse run. The transverse component is about
1% or less during the commissioning run.
Currently, modification of the pedestal and gain parameters for ZDC and SMD is ongoing. After these arefinialized, the codes with new parameters will be rerun.
Further, the systematic errors will be estimated.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Korea University
Department of Physics, Yonsei University

References
1) A. Adare et al. : Phys. Rev. D 88, 032006 (2013).

- 88 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sea quark polarization measurement by W ± → µ± in PHENIX 2012
C. Kim,∗1,∗2 Y. Goto,∗1 T. Iguri,∗1,∗3 Y. Imazu,∗1 M. Kim,∗1,∗4 T. Moon,∗1,∗5 T. Murakami,∗6 J. Murata,∗3
T. Nagashima,∗1,∗3 I. Nakagawa,∗1 S. Park,∗1,∗4 W. Saito,∗1,∗3 R. Seidl,∗1 K. Tanida,∗1,∗4 and I. Yoon∗1,∗4
The leptonic decayed W ± bosons measurement at
RHIC aims to achieve precise constraint of each ﬂvaordecomposed sea quark’s spin contribution to the whole
proton spin 12 .
The W ± → µ± analysis by using the dataset of year
2012 shares the basic strategy set in the 2011 analysis1) , but also has several advantages such as enhanced
statistics and upgraded W trigger for data acquisition.
Table 1 shows a few key features of the recent longitudinally polarized pp collisions.

tially indirect approach by using likelihood to the W .
The procedure for the estimation is as follows. First,
calculate the W likelihood by using the data and NLO
level Monte Carlo sample. Second, construct the overall probability density function (PDF) for signal andbackgrounds by using three types of component PDFs
based on W likelihood. Each component PDF corresponds to a signal, muonic backgrounds, and hadronic
backgrounds, respectively. Finally, estimate the S/BG
ratio via the overall PDF and unbinned max. likelihood ﬁt technique. The estimated S/BG ratio in the
preliminary condition is summarized in Table 2. Also,
AL calculated by applying the above S/BG ratio canbe seen in ﬁgure 1.

Table 1. Results of recent polarized pp collisions in
PHENIX Muon Arms.
Year
2009
2011
2012
2013

√

s
500
500
510
510

L (pb−1 )
8.6
16.7
31.5
146.0

P (%)
39.0
48.0
51.9
55

FoM (LP 2 )
1.3
3.8
8.5
44.2

The main observable in this analysis is the single
spin asymmetry (AL ) calculated by muons decayedfrom desired W bosons.
The major background source is muons from inﬂight decayed low pT (pT ≤ 3 GeV/c) hadrons, whichmimic high pT muons as well as various irreducible
muonic backgrounds. Owing to the dominance of thesebackgrounds in addition to smearing in momentum
and charge determination, observing distinct Jacobianpeak in W ± → µ± measurement in forward rapidity
is not expected, unlike the W ± → e± measurementin mid-rapidity. Therefore, accurate estimation of the
S/BG ratio plays an essential role in a reliable signal
extraction process.
Fig. 1. AL in Run 12 (preliminary). Empty squared box
indicates systematic error by dilution factor.

Table 2. S/BG ratio in Run 12 (preliminary).
Channel−South µnsig
88.87+16.97−16.28

nµ

nhad

S/BG

44.42

177.77+19.60−18.600.40+0.12−0.10

After the preliminary, various reﬁnements have been
made or are underway, such as inclusion of kinematic
variables from the Forward Silicon Vertex Detector(FVTX), applying overall trigger eﬃciency, update indetector eﬃciency, and further ﬁne tune of hadronic
PDF. Among them, inclusion of FVTX variables andﬁne tune of hadronic PDF are expected to play a signiﬁcant role in improving statistics in the region ofinterest (W likelihood ≥ 0.92) as well as reduced errors, which will enable better estimation of the S/BG
ratio and AL .

+24.38+0.10South µ+ 92.48+20.55−19.91 44.88 258.74−23.31 0.30−0.08+15.45+0.09
North µ− 38.95+11.90−11.15 42.71 139.78−14.56 0.21−0.07+18.93+0.10
North µ+ 72.37+15.75−15.04 38.67 185.69−17.98 0.32−0.09

To estimate the S/BG ratio properly, we use a par∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Korea University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Physics, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Yonsei University
Department of Physics, Kyoto University

References
1) H. Oide et al: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 xviii- 89 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study of the dimuon process for PHENIX W± → µ± analysis using
2012 data
S.Park,∗1,∗4 Y. Goto,∗1 T. Iguri,∗1,∗3 Y. Imazu,∗1 M. Kim,∗1,∗4 C. Kim,∗1,∗5 T. Moon,∗1,∗6 T. Murakami,∗2
J.Murata,∗3 T. Nagashima,∗1,∗3 I. Nakagawa,∗1 R. Seidl,∗1 W. Sato,∗1,∗3 K. Tanida,∗1,∗4 and I. Yoon∗1,∗4
Using the parity violation of weak interactions, wemeasured the single spin asymmetry of W production
in longitudinally polarized p+p collisions. This enables us to access the flavor-separated sea quark polarization in protons1) . PHENIX measured the single
spin asymmetry AW
L via lepton decays of W bosons,±
W ± → e± at midrapidity (|η| < 0.35) and W ± →√µ(1.2 < |η| < 2.2) at the center of mass energy s =510 GeV at RHIC. After the first measurement in 2011
for the W ± → µ± channel, PHENIX collected data at
an integrated luminosity of 50 pb−1 in 2012 with fully
upgraded detectors and a trigger system.2) . The preliminary result of AL obtained using the 2012 datais shown in Fig. 1. The measured asymmetries are
consistent with theory models within large uncertainty
ranges.

pions to muons in flight. In addition to this hadronbackground, there are muon backgrounds from the
dimuon process that are open heavy flavor, quarkonia,
and Drell-Yan process. Estimating the muon background is one of the essential steps to extract thesignal-to-background ratio accurately. We simulate the
dimuon processes using the PYTHIA event generator
and GEANT4 detector simulation. The cross section ofeach process can be estimated by comparing the simulated dimuon yield to data. Fig. 2 shows the invariant
mass spectrum of dimuon events in the 2012 data. We
select unlike-sign muon pairs that travel to the sameside of the PHENIX muon arm spectrometer. The discrepancy in the mass spectrum of the two muon arms
reflects the difference in trigger efficiency. The simulated dimuon yields that take the trigger efficiency
into account are used to extract analytical functions
for each process. The scale factor of analytical functions for each process that contributes to the dimuon
yields are then determined through simultaneous fit
to the data. Currently, the simultaneous fit is being
performed, and the result will be finalized shortly.

Fig. 1. Preliminary result of AL for W + (top) andW − (bottom) at forward/backward rapidity region withvarious theoritical predictions.

Fig. 2. Invariant mass distributions of dimuon events fromdata for south (red) and north (black) muon arms.

After the preliminary result was obtained, there havebeen efforts toward the finalization of the 2012 data
analysis. Understanding the background of the W→ µanalysis is one of the most important goals. The major
background source is coming from decays of kaons and
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

In addition to the dimuon study, dedicated analysis
work is in progress on different fronts. Evaluation of
the trigger efficiency and systematic uncertainty estimation are some of the tasks to be carried out. Furthermore, the signal-to-background ratio is expected
to be improved through a review of the hadron background.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Korea University
Department of Physics, Yonsei University

References
1) H. Oide et. al, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 18 (2013)2) S. Park et. al, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 63 (2013)- 90 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

PHENIX W→ µ measurements from the 2013 data-taking period
R. Seidl,∗1 Y. Goto,∗1 T. Iguri,∗1,∗3 Y. Imazu,∗1 M. Kim,∗1,∗4 C. Kim,∗1,∗5 T. Moon,∗1,∗6 T. Murakami,∗2
J. Murata,∗3 T. Nagashima,∗1,∗3 I. Nakagawa,∗1 S. Park,∗1,∗4 ,W. Saito,∗1,∗3 K. Tanida,∗1,∗4 and I. Yoon∗1,∗4
The parity violation of the weak interaction accesses only left-handed particles and right-handed antiparticles. In longitudinally polarized proton-proton
collisions one therefore can acess fixed helicities of thequarks and antiquarks involved in the production ofreal W bosons. Furthermore the charge of the produced W predominantly selects the quark and antiquark flavors involved. W+ are mostly generated bya u and anti-d quark while W− are mostly generated
by a d and an anti-u quark. The PHENIX experimenthas the capabilities to detect Ws inclusively throughtheir electron and muon decays at central and forward
rapidities respectively. In the 2013 data taking period
RHIC was entirely run√ with polarized protons at centerof mass energies of s = 510 GeV to finish the RHIC
W program1) . In PHENIX all major muon trigger upgrades installed and commissioned over the last several
years as well as the forward vertex tracker FVTX were
fully operational for this run. Furthermore PHENIX
implemented various improvements in the operationof the detector to increase the data taking efficiency
without sacrificing quality. In a limited vertex region( more can be used for the forward W analysis ) a
total luminosity of about 146 pb−1 were accumulatedwith average longitudinal beam polarizations of 54%,
which is close to five times the data accumulated in
the previous year with comparable polarizations. The
accumulated figure of merit for single spin W asymmetries are displayed in Fig. 1 for the three most recent
500 or 510 GeV data taking periods.
Having developed the W → µ analysis already inthe previous two years, most of the offline quality assurance is finished and the analysis to the single spin
asymmetries relevant to access the sea quark polarizations in the nucleon is close to be available to the public. One aspect relevant in this analysis and in particular the extraction of W production cross sections is theevaluation of the overall trigger efficiency for candidate
events found to be likely W signal events in a MC anddata based W likelihood calculation. As various muon
triggers cover only certain rapidity ranges these trigger efficiencies need to be obatained independently forvarious rapidity bins, detector arms and muon charges.
Fig. 2 shows the total trigger efficiencies after weighting each according to their relative contribution to thefinal W candidate event sample.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

Fig. 1. Figure of merit P 2 L accumulated in PHENIX as afunction of the day in the run relevant to the forward
W analysis. The different colors correspond to the 2011
data taking (red), 2012 (blue) and 2013 (dark green).

South µ + Trigger Efficiency
Trigger efficiency

Trigger efficiency

South µ - Trigger Efficiency
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1

0.1

0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

0

2.6
η

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6
η

2.4

2.6
η

0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5

0.4

0.4

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.2

0.1
0

1.2

North µ + Trigger Efficiency
Trigger efficiency

Trigger efficiency

North µ - Trigger Efficiency

0.1
1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

2.4

2.6
η

0

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

2.2

Fig. 2. Overall trigger efficiencies separated by muon arm
and charge as a function of rapidity. Various individual
trigger contributions are shown as histogram stack.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
Department of Physics, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Korea University
Department of Physics, Yonsei University

References
1) E. C. Aschenauer et al., arXiv:1304.0079 [nucl-ex].

- 91 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Improvement of global alignment of PHENIX muon tracker
T. Iguri,∗1,∗2 Y. Goto,∗2 Y. Imazu,∗2 M. Kim,∗2,∗4 C. Kim,∗2,∗5 T. Moon,∗2,∗6 T. Murakami,∗3 J. Murata,∗1
T. Nagashima,∗1,∗2 I. Nakagawa,∗2 S. Park,∗2,∗4 R. Seidl,∗2 W. Saito,∗1,∗2 K. Tanida,∗2,∗4 and I. Yoon∗2,∗4
The alignment of tracking chambers is one of thelong-standing challenges for nuclear physics experiments. The PHENIX muon system measures the
charged-particle momentum using three tracking stations with cathode readout chambers, namely muontracker (MuTr), implemented in a magnetic ﬁeld volume1) . The precision of the relative alignment between
the three tracking chambers directly aﬀects the resolution of momentum measurement. Over the past few
years, the PHENIX spin program has been focusing onpolarized sea-quark measurements in protons throughasymmetry measurements of the W-boson production2). Because of the large mass of W-boson, the muon decayed (which we detect) from the W-boson has a hightransverse momentum of ∼ 40 GeV/c. Such a highmomentum trajectory is barely bent in the magnetic
ﬁeld, and its sagitta is about a few to several mm in
the MuTr volume. The possible misaligment of MuTr
chambers will result in further momentum smearing
over its intrinsic resolution. The higher the momentum, the more serious the side eﬀect on the charge
determination of the traversing particles. The possible
charge misreconstruction is a fatal error for the asymmetry measurement, since the opposite charge (either
W+ or W− ) production is predicted to appear in opposite asymmetry. The goal of this study is to achieve theintrinsic resolution of 150 µm as currently, an intrinsic
resolution of only ∼ 300µm achieved.
We developed a global alignment program that calculates the smallest χ2 solution of actual hit locations
when the straight tracks pass through the three MuTr
stations assigning the relative location of chambers as
free parameters. In this manner, the program will ﬁnd
the relative alignment of chambers to minimize theresiduals. The residual is the distance between the linear interpolation of front- and back-plane hit positions
and the actual hit position in the middle plane. The
alignment parameters are limited to transverse shifts
and rotations. The result of the new alignment demonstrated narrower residual distributions than that previously achieved3) ; however, it was found that unresolved non linear radial dependences of the residual
distributions remain even with the present algorithm.
As a rough quantitative estimate of the misaligmenteﬀect, the width of the residual distribution between
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

radial dependent and non-dependent regions were compared. The resulting estimate showed diﬀerence of 100
to 500 µm depending on the octants. Note that thisindicates a possible room for the improvement of thealignment by ﬁxing the aligment to the radial direction. In order to investigate further problems in thepresent alignment scheme, of the azimuthal-direction
dependence (orthogonal to radial direction) was also
checked. Odd dependences were also found in the azimuthal direction. As an overall trend, bad alignment
octants are problematic in both radial and azimuthal
directions, and thus, a somewhat complicated correlation needs to be addressed. Since there are 16 chamber
planes involved simultaneously in the alingment, ﬁnding the cause of these dependences is nontrivial. To
obtain some hints to disentangle the complication, thelocal alignment was evaluated. The plane-based local
residual was deﬁned using two or three gaps (stations
1 and 2 have three gaps, and station 3 has only twogaps) and two planes (one is a stereo plane; the otheris a non-stereo plane). The local residual distributions
are again evaluated for radial and azimuthal dependence. Since local residual distributions are independent of other stations, one can expect some localized
misalignment in a particular station if the cause of the
global misalignment comes from the single plane or
station; however, we did not observe that any octant
shows such a trend, as shown in Fig. 1. It is interesting
to investigate how closely we can reproduce the global
residual distribution in comparison with the observed
local ones. A toy Monte-Carlo simulation (MC), which
includes the multiple scattering eﬀect, is under development. Since the MC assumes perfect alignment, any
fraction of the residual width that cannot be explainedby the MC can be interpreted as room for the improvement of the alignment.

Fig. 1. Standard deviation of local residuals plotted for all
non-stereo planes (Run9 after alignment).

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University
Department of Physics, Korea University
Department of Physics, Yonsei University

References
1) H. Akikawa et.al., NIM A499, 537 (2003).
2) H. Oide, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45 (2012).
3) K. Watanabe, Thesis, Rikkyo Univeristy (2012).

- 92 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Forward spectrometer upgrade of the PHENIX experiment
Y. Goto∗1 for the PHENIX Collaboration
The PHENIX experiment proposes substantial detector upgrade for long-term enhancement of major
physics programs using full luminosity of the recently
upgraded RHIC accelerator.1) The proposed midrapidity upgrade replaces the present magnet with asolenoid, and removes the large iron yoke at forward rapidity that provides the hadron absorber for the muon
detectors. The open geometry of the forward direction of the proposed upgrade will allow for addition of
a forward spectrometer covering forward rapidity region, 1 < η < 4, with capability of measuring hadrons,
photons, electrons, muons and jets. We have been investigating requirements for detector design and performance of the forward upgrade consisting of chargedparticle tracking, particle identification, electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters as shown in Fig. 1.
A physics topic regarding the forward upgrade isCold Nuclear Matter (CNM) effects in proton- anddeuteron-nucleus collisions. We aim to measure nuclear gluon distribution, GA (x), to know initial stateof heavy-ion collisions and to understand the strongly
coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma. It is important to investigate gluon suppression, or suppression of GA (x),at small-x and verify the Color Glass Condensation
framework, which is an effective field theory for describing saturated gluon.2) We also aim to know theperturbative-QCD (pQCD) mechanism of the energy
loss of partons in the CNM, its relation to transverse momentum broadening, and detailed hadronization and time scales.
Another physics topic is measurements of single
transverse-spin asymmetry. The asymmetries havebeen measured in the Fermilab fixed-target experiment with transversely polarized proton beams3) andin the RHIC transversely polarized proton collider
experiments at much higher energies.4) pQCD models have been developed to explain the asymmetries.
At small transverse momenta, the asymmetries havebeen explained using transverse-momentum dependent(TMD) factorization framework.5) They have been explained with correlations between the transverse spinof the target proton and intrinsic transverse momentum of quarks in the initial state, which is called theSivers effect6) and described by the Sivers function.
They have also been explained with correlations between quark spin and the transverse momentum of
hadrons in the final state, which is called the Collins
effect7) and described by the Collins fragmentation
function. At larger transverse momenta, higher-twist
effect explains the asymmetries with spin-dependenttransverse momentum components generated through∗1

Fig. 1. Conceptual configuration of the forward spectrometer upgrade.

quark-gluon and multi-gluon correlations using thecollinear factorization framework.8)
The Sivers function contributes with opposite sign to
the transverse-spin asymmetries in the semi-inclusive
DIS process and the Drell-Yan process due to nonuniversality of the TMD factorization framework.9)
This is a fundamental QCD prediction based on gauge
invariance and its verification is an important milestone in the field of hadron physics. The verification
allows testing of non-perturbative aspects of QCD andthe concept of factorization. The forward upgrade will
enable us to measure the Sivers function in the DrellYan process.
The Collins effect will be investigated through an
azimuthal anisotropy in the distribution of hadrons
in final-state jets with the forward upgrade detectors.
The asymmetry of single identified hadrons describedby the Collins fragmentation function will give a measurement of quark transversity distribution at large x
which will determine the tensor charge of the nucleon.
There is a new possibility in collisions of polarized
protons and nuclei. Transverse single-spin asymmetries in p ↑ +A collisions may have a sensitivity to thesaturation scale in the nucleus. This link between thephysics of the CNM and spin structure of the nucleon
is one of the most interesting recent developments.
References
1) C. Aidala et al.: arXiv:1207.6378 [nucl-ex].
2) F. Gelis, E. Iancu, J. Jalilian-Marian and R. Venugopalan: Ann. Rev. Nucl. Part. Sci. 60 (2010) 463.
3) D. L. Adams et al.: Phys. Lett. B 261 (1991) 201, Phys.
Lett. B 264 (1991) 462.
4) L. Adamczyk et al.: Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 051101,
A. Adare et al.: arXiv:1312.1995 [hep-ex].
5) D. Boer et al.: arXiv:1108.1713 [nucl-th].
6) D. W. Sivers: Phys. Rev. D 41 (1990) 83.
7) J. C. Collins: Nucl. Phys. B 396 (1993) 161.
8) J. Qiu and G. Sterman: Phys. Rev. D 59 (1999) 014004.
9) J. C. Collins: Phys. Lett. B 536 (2002) 43.

RIKEN Nishina Center- 93 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Design for an eRHIC detector based on the sPHENIX detector†
K. Boyle∗1 for the PHENIX Collaboration
The PHENIX experiment has recently submitted aplan1) for a detector design at eRHIC, a version of theElectron Ion Collider (EIC) planned at Brookhaven
National Laboratory (BNL) which makes use of oneof the current RHIC hadron rings. The EIC will collide polarized electrons with heavy nuclei and polarized
protons, with its primary purpose to explore the gluon(the strong force carrier). eRHIC is expected to turnon in 2025.
A detailed description of the EIC physics case has
been laid out in the recent White Paper2) . eRHIC is
expected to probe through polarized electron-proton
collisions the properties of (sea)quarks and gluons in
the nucleon, such as spin, orbital motion and spacial
distributions. The kinematic coverage of ePHENIX in
parton momentum fraction x and 4-momentum transfer Q2 is compared to that of other measurements in
Fig. 1. Measurements of the gluon helicity over a wide
kinematic range will allow unprecedented constraintsof the gluon polarization, ∆g. In Semi-Inclusive scattering, correlations between transverse momentum ofgluons and quarks and the proton spin will be fully explored. Through Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering,eRHIC will measure the orbital angular momentum
contributions to the proton spin.
As it will also be able to scatter electrons off nuclei,
eRHIC will be able to explore the nature of gluons
at high density, where the effects of gluon saturation(when gluon splitting and recombination balance) are
expected. By varying kinematics as well as the nuclei
species, we will be able to vary the path length of astruck quark through the nuclei, and probe the natureof hadronization in and out of nuclear matter.
The ePHENIX detector design is shown in Fig. 2,
and makes use of the BABAR solenoid3) and thesPHENIX detector upgrade4) being planned for later
this decade. We plan to add a high resolution electromagnetic calorimeter in the electron-going direction for
precision measurement of the scattered electron. GEM
based trackers will allow for charged sign identificationand hadron rejection based on energy to momentum
cuts.
In addition to the sPHENIX electromagnetic andhadronic calorimetry, we plan to add a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) for tracking and a Detector of Internally Reflected Čerenkov radiation (DIRC)
for hadron particle identification (PID), based on the
BABAR DIRC detector. PID in the central barrel allows for measurements of sea quark spin and transverse
momentum distributions at low momentum fraction, x.
In the hadron-going direction, new electromagnetic∗1and hadronic calorimeters are planned, as well as additional trackers and PID detectors. The combinationof an Aerogel-based Ring Imaging Čerenkov (RICH)
detector for low momentum tracks and a gas-based
RICH detector for tracks up to ∼ 60 GeV/c will allow for measurements at highest and moderate x overthe full available Q2 range.
ePHENIX will be capable of doing the physics possible with eRHIC. Efforts on fully simulating the detector is currently underway.

Fig. 1. Kinematic coverage (blue and red bands) expected at eRHIC with the ePHENIX detector for inclusive measurements in electron-proton scattering. Also
shown are current world data.

Fig. 2. Design of the ePHENIX detector at eRHIC. The
proton/Nuclei beam enters from the left, and the electron beam enters from the right.

References
1) A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], arXiv:1402.1209[nucl-ex].
2) A. Accardi, et al., arXiv:1212.1701 [nucl-ex].
3) B. Aubert et al. [BaBar Collaboration], Nucl. Instrum.
Meth. A 479, 1 (2002).
4) C. Aidala, et al., arXiv:1207.6378 [nucl-ex].

RIKEN Nishina Center- 94 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

The Application of Gaussian Process Regression to Background
Spectrum Modeling at PHENIX
J. Seele,∗1 C. Gal,∗2 and A. Deshpande∗1,∗2
in p+p collisions4) . This is a steeply falling spectrum
that isn’t modeled well by using power laws or exponentials. This particular problem requires the extension of the Gaussian process technique to multiscale problems, which required transforming the data3)
and applying the Gaussian process regression in thiswarped space. Our current application of Gaussian
processes to modeling this spectrum can be seen in
figure 2.

Often in nuclear and particle physics, we need to estimate the area under a peak which sits over an oddly
shaped background (see figure 1). Occasionally we areable to perform an analytical first principles calculation to calculate a shape for the background, but more
often we are faced with little or no information about
what the shape of the background should be. Facedwith this, we typically choose a polynomial and fit thisfunctional form to the background. The choice of thispolynomial and its fitting leaves an unquantified uncertainty.

Fig. 1. A sample background (sampled from a known thirdorder polynomial) and Gaussian peak spectrum.

Gaussian processes1,2) are a mathematical conceptthat allow for a method of data regression and predictive functional modeling using a minimal set of priorassumptions. A nice feature of this method is thatsimultaneously with the predictions, uncertainties areprovided.
Gaussian processes are a specific type of stochastic
process where the variance of each of the random variables comprising the process is Gaussian. An important feature of stochastic processes is that, mathematically, they sample over the space of functions similar
to how a random variable samples over a set spaceof possible outcomes. In defining the variances to be
Gaussian, we’ve narrowed down the space of possiblefunctions and simplified the math needed to specify theprocess. Specifically, with this requirement of Gaussian uncertainties, the expectation of the process canbe defined entirely in terms of a mean function and acovariance function similar to how the Gaussian distribution is defined purely by a mean and a variance.
The specific background spectrum that we are interested in applying this technique to is the backgroundsitting beneath the Jacobian peak, in W ± production∗1∗2

Fig. 2. The W Jacobian peak and background spectra. The
black line and blue band represent the Gaussian process
best fit and uncertainty band.

The uncertainty band currently encompasses a large
space of functions, many of which we don’t expect
to be physical (e.g. an undulating, falling spectrum).
We are currently working to add shape constraints to
the Gaussian process modeling by sampling individual, though coarsely grained, functions from the constrained space and then accepting or rejecting thosefunctions based on their individual shapes.
References
1) MacKay, David J. C.: Information Theory, Inference,and Learning Algorithms (Cambridge University Press,
2003)2) Rasmussen, C. E. & Williams, K. I.: Gaussian Processes
for Machine Learning (The MIT Press, 2006)
3) Snelson, E., Rasmussen, C. E., Ghahramani, Z.:
Warped Gaussian Processes, NIPS, 2003.
4) Adare, et al. : Phys.Rev.Lett. 106 (2011) 062001

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Stony Brook University- 95 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Fragmentation function measurements with the Belle detector
R. Seidl,∗1 M. Leitgab,∗2 A. Vossen,∗3 F. Giordano,∗2 N. Kobayashi,∗4 M. Grosse-Perdekamp,∗2 A. Ogawa,∗1
C. Hulse,∗5 and G. Schnell∗5,∗6

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

±

dσh /dz [fb]The transition of quasi-free, high-energetic partons
into conﬁned hadrons cannot be described from ﬁrst
principle QCD as the related parton and hadron
masses are typically too low to apply perturbative
QCD. The fragmenation functions (FF), describing
this transition, therefore need to be measured experimentally, similarly to the parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the nucleon. Their deﬁnition is alsorather similar as for example the fragmentation funchtion D1,q(z, Q) describes the number density of producing a hadron h from a parton q with fractional energy z = Eh /Eq and at an energy scale Q. Until recently most data was obtained close to the Z resonancein e+ e− annihilation, while little data at smaller scales
was available and therefore the gluon fragmenation was
not well constrained. The Belle experiment at KEK
has collected more than a √1 ab−1 of luminosity close
to the Υ(4S) resonance at s = 10.58 GeV and about
63 pb−1 were used to extract unpolarized fragmenation functions in the process e+ e− → hX which was
published recently1) . The results can be seen in√Fig. 1
as a function of the fractional energy z = 2Eh / s. Before this measurement very little low-energy scale data
and almost no high-z data was available. It is expectedthat this data will soon be used in a global QCD analysis to parametrize the ﬂavor dependence of pion andkaon fragmenation functions. In addition the analysis of unpolarized fragmenation functions continues in
Belle with the aim to extract direct ﬂavor information via the use of di-hadrons in opposite hemispheres.
In this case the diﬀerent combinations of favored (eg.
u → π + ) and disfavored (eg. u → π − ) fragmenation
functions can be disentangled by the various charge
combinations of the two detected hadrons. It is expected that preliminary results will be available soon.
Also the extraction of the explicit transverse momentum dependence of fragmenation functions is ongoing
which so far is only assumed to be of a certain form invarious global ﬁts, but explicit measurements are notavailable so far.
Furthermore, the published results on the spin dependent fragmentation function measurements2) are in
the process to be augmented to also access the ﬂavor
dependence by not only concentrating on charged pions, but also on charged kaons and neutral mesons aswell as their transverse momentum dependence. Also

π± (Statistical, Systematic Uncertainties)
108

K± (Statistical, Systematic Uncertainties)
107
106
105
104
103

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

z

Fig. 1. Charged pion and kaon diﬀerential cross sections as
a function of the fractional energy z. The error bands
describe the total systematic uncertainties.

here the inclusion of various hadron types allows the
ﬂavor decomposition of the corresponding spin dependent fragmenation functions. By making use of them,
the ﬂavor decomposition of the quark transversity distribution of the nucleon in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic
scattering and proton-proton experiments. Also here a
QCD gobal transversity analysis for either the Collins
function related measurements3) or the interference
related measurements4) is available with the present
data.
References
1) M. Leitgab et al. [Belle Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett.
111, 062002 (2013).
2) R. Seidl et al. [Belle Collaboration], Phys. Rev. Lett.
96, 232002 (2006). R. Seidl et al. [Belle Collaboration],
Phys. Rev. D 78, 032011 (2008), [Erratum-ibid. D 86,
039905 (2012)]. A. Vossen et al. [Belle Collaboration],
Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 072004 (2011).
3) M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, A. Kotzinian,F. Murgia, A. Prokudin and S. Melis, Nucl. Phys. Proc.
Suppl. 191, 98 (2009).
4) A. Bacchetta, A. Courtoy and M. Radici, JHEP 1303,
119 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Physics department, University of Illinois
Physics department, University of Indiana
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Physics, University of the Basque Country
Ikerbasque- 96 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Probing flavor asymmetry of antiquarks of the protonin the E906/SeaQuest experiment
S. Obata,∗1

S. Miyasaka,∗1 Y. Goto,∗2 Y. Miyachi,∗3 K. Nagai,∗1 K. Nakano,∗1
F. Sanftl,∗1 S. Sawada,∗2,∗4 T.-A. Shibata∗1,∗2 for the E906/SeaQuest experimentE906/SeaQuest is an extension of the earlier DrellYan experiments at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), such as E772 and E866/NuSea1) ,and it studies the internal structure of the proton at
the parton level using the Drell–Yan process. In theleading order, the Drell–Yan process is described by
the quark–antiquark annihilation process: q + q̄ →γ ∗ → µ+ +µ− . SeaQuest uses a 120-GeV proton beam
extracted from the Fermilab Main Injector.
¯ was measured in the Bjorken x range
The ratio d/ū0.015 < x < 0.35 in the E866 experiment. The statistically precise part of the data in the range 0.015 <x < 0.2 tends to agree with several models, such as themeson cloud model. However, the data appear to deviate from these models in the larger x region. SeaQuest
will determine the ratio up to x = 0.45 more precisely
than the E866. The SeaQuest spectrometer consists offour tracking stations. Each station has drift chambers
or drift tubes for tracking and hodoscopes for trigger.
The Japanese group is in charge of the drift chambersof the third station. Two drift chambers are aligned
at the station to cover the large acceptance. SeaQuest
completed a two-month commissioning run in spring2012. After an upgrade, a two-year physics run began
in fall 2013.
In the commissioning run, we successfully reconstructed the di-muon mass distribution, and a J/ψ
peak was clearly observed (Fig. 1). The mass resolution was ∼ 0.3 GeV, which meets the requirement.
This proves that the detectors and tracking software
work adequately. After the commissioning run, threemain hardware upgrades were performed. The first one
was an upgrade of the beam quality. During the commissioning run, we observed high-multiplicity events
because the beam had high instantaneous intensity.
This made the track reconstruction difficult. An improvement of the duty factor was confirmed in the current run. The beam tuning is now ongoing, and wewill have a full-intensity beam (1012 protons per second) once it is completed. The second main upgrade
is the installation of a Cherenkov detector in the beamline to measure the beam intensity at 53 MHz RF frequency. This allows us to determine the absolute crosssection of the Drell–Yan process and to generate a vetotrigger in order to avoid the high-intensity part of the
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

beam. The last main upgrade is the improvement of
the hodoscopes and drift chambers. For hodoscopes,
we upgraded the existing PMT bases with a new circuit board to achieve higher rate capabilities. For drift
chambers, one new chamber was constructed to ensurea larger acceptance at the third station. The chamber has 5,300 wires, and we manually constructed it in2012. The chamber was installed at the bottom partof the third station. The construction of another new
drift chamber is ongoing. It will be also installed at
the first station.
After the current physics run began, we were working on the optimization of every component for stabledata accumulation. Our current focus is to optimize
the trigger system. The system examines the hit pattern of the hodoscopes to identify the pattern characteristics of the high-mass muon pairs produced fromthe Drell–Yan process or J/ψ decay. We are now trying to suppress the background as much as possible
through the hit-pattern study. The preliminary resultof the mass distribution shows a suppression of the
background compared to the distribution obtained in
the commissioning run. Once the optimization is completed, we will start taking the Drell–Yan data. The
data accumulated in the next two years will have asignificant impact on our understanding of the internal structure of the proton.

Fig. 1. Di-muon mass distribution reconstructed using thedata taken in the commissioning run. The J/ψ peak isclearly observed. The inset shows the mass distributionin which the normalized background is subtracted.

Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science, Yamagata University
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK

References
1) E.A. Hawker et al., NuSea, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, (1998)
3715- 97 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Elliptic flow of neutral pion in Pb+Pb collisions at
TeV by ALICE experiment√sN N = 2.76

T. Tsuji,∗1,∗2 H. Hamagaki,∗2 T. Gunji,∗2 H. Torii,∗1 for the ALICE collaboration
where vn is the magnitude of the n-th order harmonic.
The second harmonic, v2 , represents the strength ofelliptic azimuthal anisotropy. The anisotropy v2 at alow pT is caused by the collective flow, which gives riseto the background in the measurement of RAA (pT , ∆φ)for investigating energy loss.
The values of π 0 v2 were calculated. π 0 v2 was extracted by using the dN/dφ method. In this method,v2 is obtained by fitting the azimuthal angular distribution of π 0 with

It has been observed in central Pb+Pb collisions√at ( sN N ) = 2.76 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC) facility at CERN that the yield of charged particles at a high transverse momentum (pT ) is strongly
suppressed compared with the expected yield from p+p
collisions, assuming scaling with the number of binary
collisions. This suppression is attributed to the energy loss of hard-scattered partons within quark-gluon
plasma (QGP) created in heavy ion collisions. Thisphenomenon known as jet quenching. A useful way toquantify the suppression of high-pT hadrons is to introduce the nuclear modification factor (RAA ), where thep + p cross section is scaled with the thickness function
TAA  of the two nuclei
RAA (pT ) =N (∆φ, pT ) = N (1 + 2v2 cos(2∆φ)).
π 0 values are reconstructed by the invariant mass
method with reconstructed energy obtained using aphoton spectrometer (PHOS) in the ALICE experiment.2) Fig.1 shows π 0 v2 values as a function of pT . In

1

evt 2
)d NAA /dpT dy(1/NAA.
< TAA >
d2 σpp /dpT dy

Experimental data can be well reproduced by using
multiple models employing different approaches thatare used to calculate the energy loss of hard-scatteredpartons as they traverse the dense medium. To compare these models, improved experimental control ofthe path length L is required because the energy lossof a high-pT parton increases rapidly with increase of
the the distance traveled through the medium.1) Thus,
the measurement of the energy loss with respect to thepath length is expected to provide detailed information
about the mechanism of the energy loss of the parton.
If RAA is measured as a function of centrality (cent)and the azimuthal angle (∆φ) with respect to the event
plane, RAA (L) can be determined. Therefore, the differential observable RAA (∆φ) directly probes the path
length dependence of the energy loss.
The RAA (pT , cent, ∆φ) with respect to the azimuthal angle is factorized as

Fig. 1. π 0 v2 values as a function of pT . Bars indicate theamplitude of statistical errors estimated from all data
for semi-central triggered events in 2011.

this figure, all data for semi-central triggered events in2011 are analyzed. Centrality is defined by V0 detectors, which are scintillation detectors, and covers therange from -3.7 to -1.7 and from 2.8 to 5.1 in pseudo
rapidity. In this plot, π 0 v2 values denote the same tendency of the v2 values of the charged particles qualitatively.3) Calculations of π 0 v2 are presently ongoing.

RAA (pT , cent, ∆φ) = F (∆φ, pT ) · RAA (pT , cent),
where F (∆φ, pT ) is the ratio of the relative yield, givenasF (∆φ, pT ) = N (∆φ, pT ),dφN (∆φ, pT )References

and N (∆φ, pT ) can be expressed in terms of a Fourier
expansion with ∆φ.
N (∆φ, pT ) ∝ 1 + 2
∗1

∗2

inf


1) A. Majumber: J. Phys. G. Nucl. Part. Phys. 34, S377
(2007).
2) K. Aamodt et al., for the ALICE Collaboration: JINST
3, S08002 (2008).
3) B. Abelev et al., for the ALICE Collaboration: Phys.
Lett. B719, 18-28 (2013).

(vn cos(n∆φ)),n=1

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo- 98 -

1

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of high-pT neutral mesons with a high-energy photon
trigger at ALICE
S. Yano∗1 and K. Shigaki∗1with√ the PHOS trigger (closed circles) in pp collisions
at s = 8 TeV. Only the statistical errors are shownin Fig. 2. Up to 40 GeV/c, neutral pions can be measured with PHOS trigger. No other experiments havesuccessfully measured neutral pions up to 40 GeV/c.
At the low-pT region, MB- and PHOS-trigger results
are consistent with each other within statiscical errors.

∗1

Efficiency

ALICE, one of the experiments at the Large Hadron
Collider (LHC) at CERN, is aimed at studying heavyion collisions and the properties of a deconﬁned stateof matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP)1) . High-pT
particle production is a powerful tool for characterizing
the QGP because the interaction of its fast partonsdepends on the QGP transport properties. The hadronyields in heavy-ion collisions can be quantiﬁed by the
nuclear modiﬁcation factor (RAA ), which is the ratioof the particle yield in heavy-ion collisions normalized
by the number of inelastic nucleon–nucleon collisions
to the yield in pp collisions. Previous experiments haveshown that RAA at high pT is signiﬁcantly smaller than1, which can be explained by the energy loss of fast
partons traversing in QGP.
The ALICE experiment has a high-resolution andhigh-granularity electromagnetic calorimeter called
PHOS1) . One of the main achievable physics goals
by PHOS is the study of the energy loss through themeasurement of high-pT neutral mesons (π 0 and η).
Three PHOS modules are installed in the ALICE experiment, which covers azimuthal angles in the range
260◦ < ϕ < 320◦ and pseudorapidity |η| < 0.125.
PHOS provides a photon trigger (PHOS trigger) by
requiring the measured energy to be above a threshold. The threshold
was set to be 2 and 4 GeV in pp√
collisions at s = 8 TeV and 7 GeV in p-Pb collisions√
at sNN = 5.02 TeV. By using the PHOS trigger, highpT neutral mesons can be eﬃciently measured in the
ALICE experiment. This paper discribes the analysis
status of neutral-pion production measured with thePHOS trigger and minimum-bias (MB) trigger data in
pp collisions.
In this analysis, 0.3nb−1 MB-trigger data
√ and70nb−1 PHOS-triggered data in pp collisions at s = 8
TeV are used. The PHOS-trigger eﬃciency as a function of measured photon energy is evaluated with realMB-trigger data. By using this eﬃciency, the eﬃciency
for a parent particle is estimated through a simulation.
For instance,√ neutral-pion trigger eﬃciency in pp collisions at s = 8 TeV is shown in Fig. 1.
The rejection factor of the PHOS trigger for the MBtrigger data, R, was determined with real data in thisanalysis. R corresponds to the number of MB-trigger
events inspected while one PHOS trigger is issued. It
is 150 for 2-GeV threshold in pp at 8 TeV, 4800 for
4-GeV threshold in pp at 8 TeV, and 6500 for 7-GeV
threshold in p-Pb at 5.02 TeV.
Fig. 2 shows the invariant raw yield of neutral pions
measured with the MB trigger (open circles) and that

1.2

π0 trigger efficiency (Threshold: 4 GeV)Work in progress

1

Single π0 simulation

0.8

DATA (AnyINT)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

p (GeV/c)
T

1/2πp 1/Nevtd2N/dp dηFig. 1. Neutral-pion trigger eﬃciency.

T

Work in progress

T

DATA INT7 s=8 TeVDATA PHI7 s=8 TeV
pp Tsalis s=8 TeV

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

pT (GeV/c)

Fig. 2. Invariant raw yield of neutral pions in pp collisions
at 8 TeV.

In summary, we began investigating PHOS-triggereddata and attempting to extract the invariant yield of
neutral mesons for the PHOS-triggered data. The ﬁnal result of the invariant yield up to 40 GeV/c in pp
collisions is expected to be obtained shortly. Furthermore, 1.6nb−1 PHOS-triggered data are recorded in√
p-Pb collisions at sN N = 5.02 TeV. Neutral pions
above 40 GeV/c can be measured with this data set.
The analysis of PHOS-trigger data will extend our understanding of high-pT particle production beyond thepreviounsly published result2) of MB-tigger data. In
Pb-Pb collisions, neutral pions near 40 GeV/c can bemeasured with data taken in 2011. By analyzing thisdata set, the extraction of RAA for single particles up
to 40 GeV/c will be possible, which is one of the futureplans of our data analysis.
References
1) The ALICE Collaboration, JINST 3, S08002 (2008).
2) The ALICE colaboration, Phys.Lett.B 717 (2012), pp.
162 - 172.

Department of Physics Science, Hiroshima University- 99 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Azimuthal distributions of jets with respect to high-pT neutral pion
triggers in pp collisions from ALICE
D. Watanabe∗1,∗2 and T.Chujo∗2
Jet measurements play a critical role in probing the
hot and dense QCD medium created in heavy-ion collisions. Detailed transport properties of the medium
can be extracted through measurements of parton energy loss and medium response with respect to the lostenergy.

and Inner-Tracking System (ITS).
This analysis used the shower shape and cluster
splitting method4) to identify high pT π 0 . With thismethod, high pT π 0 around 40 GeV/c can be identiﬁed
with the signal-to-noise ratio of 90%.

In general, the energy loss of recoil jets and leading
jets depends on the path length in the medium (i.e,creation point and moving direction in the medium).
For example, jet pairs with a large energy asymmetry in the ﬁnal states can be from the surface of themedium,as shown in Fig.1. While leading jets escapethe medium from the surface recoil jets traverse in themedium with loss to its energy. We use this surface
bias to acquire deeper insight into the medium properties: The stronger the surface bias, the greater is thepath length in the dense medium of the recoiling jet atthe opposite azimuth. By measuring the full jets in therecoil side rather than measuring high-pT hadrons, we
can perform a more comprehensive and direct study of
jet interactions in medium.1)

Fig.2 shows the azimuthal angular correlation between π 0 and jet in pp collisions, where π 0 pT is from
8 to 12 GeV/c and the associated jet pT is higher than
10 GeV/c. From this distribution, two main observables will be discussed as the functions of trigger andassociated pT . One is the away-side yield per trigger yield, and the other is the width of the near-side
and away-side correlation. These quantities will be discussed in the future, and similar analysis will be done
for p-Pb and Pb-Pb collisions in order to understandthe ordinal nuclear matter eﬀects and the propertiesof the hot and dense medium.

Fig. 1. Simple geometry of hadron-jet correlation with theleading particle in a recoil jet momentum thresholdpT > 0.5 (GeV/c)2)

Fig. 2. π 0 -jet azimuthal correlation with trigger pT regionof 8-12 GeV/c and associated jet threshold pT,jet > 10
GeV/c

In this paper, we report the jet azimuthal distribu√
tion with neutral pion triggers in pp collisions at s
= 7 TeV from LHC-ALICE, which is very important
as a baseline study for heavy-ion collisions. The ALICE detector was built as a general-purpose detector
for measurements of ultra relativistic heavy ion collision at the LHC.3) For neutral pion identiﬁcation, an
electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCAL) is used. Jets
are measured by a Time-Projection Chamber (TPC)∗1 RIKEN Nishina Center∗2 University of Tsukuba

References
1) ALICE collaboration, An Addendum to the EMCal
Technical Design Report (DCAL), CERN-LHCC-2010011
2) STAR collaboration, M. Ploskon et al., Nucl. Phys.
A830, 255c
3) ALICE collaboration, Performance of the ALICE Experiment at the CERN LHC, arXiv:1402.4476v2
4) ALICE collaboration, X. ZHU, Analysis of the π 0 charged hadron correlations using ALICE EMCAL,
https://indico.cern.ch/event/181055/session/37/contribution/451- 100 -

Ⅱ-4. Hadron Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)√
Measurement of dielectron production in sN N = 5.02 TeV p-Pb
collisions at LHC-ALICE
S. Hayashi,∗1 H. Hamagaki,∗1 and T. Gunji∗1

1/Nevt dN/dMee [(GeV/c2)-1]

A clear enhancement of electron samples by more than
20 times can be observed above 3 GeV/c for the TRD
triggered data.

contaminants such as of kaons, protons and deuterons
up to 2 GeV/c. The hadron contaminations can be
reduced less than 1% up to 6 GeV/c by the TOF information. Figure 1 shows the single-electron spectrum.
∗1

Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, theUniversity of Tokyo

Minimum bias
TRD trigger

-3

10

10-4
-5

10

-6

10

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

102

2.5

3
3.5
Mee [GeV/c2]

Minimum bias
TRD trigger

10

1

-1

10

-2

10

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3
3.5
2
Mee [GeV/c ]Fig. 2. Upper panel: The dielectron spectrum after background subtraction. Lower panel: the signal to background ratio.

For the estimation of the dielectron background,like-sign pairs in the same-events technique are used.
Since the acceptance depends on the sign of charge,
acceptance diﬀerence between unlike-sign and like-signpairs is evaluated using mixed unlike-sign and mixed
like-sign pairs. Equation 1 is calculated, and the Rfactor is corrected to like-sign pairs to estimate thebackground.
R=

Fig. 1. Single-electron pT distributions for the minimumbias trigger and the TRD single-electron trigger.

10-2

S/B

In high-energy heavy-ion collisions, heavy quarks areprimary produced during the initial hard scatteringand experience the entire evolution of system. Therefore, they are sensitive to the transport properties of
the hot and dense matter created in the collisons. In
paticular, the correlation of heavy quark pairs provides
key insight into the mechanisms of the energy loss andthermalization1) . This can be studied through themeasurement of dielectron production because correlated electron-positron pairs from semi-leptonic decaysof heavy quarks are the dominant source of dielectrons
above 1 GeV/c2 . The dielectron measurement aroundthe intermediate-mass region in p-Pb collisions reveals
cold-nuclear-matter eﬀects such as gluon shadowing
and gluon saturation on the heavy-quark production.
In the ALICE experiment, the Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) has a capability of the online
electron identiﬁcation and provides an electron trigger to enrich the data samples for the study of heavyﬂavor electron production. In 2013, ALICE successfully collected data in p-Pb collisions with the TRD
trigger (Lint = 1.4 nb−1 ) and the minimum bias trigger (Lint = 0.067 nb−1 ).
In the central barrel of the ALICE detector, charged
tracks are reconstructed with the Inner Tracking System (ITS) and the Time Projection Chamber (TPC)2) .
Electrons are identiﬁed using dE/dx obtained in the
TPC and time-of-ﬂight measurement with the TOF detector (120ps resolution). TOF is essential to remove

N+− |mix + N−+ |mix
N++ |mix + N−− |mix

(1)

where N++ |mix , N−− |mix and N+− |mix , N−+ |mix are
like-sign pairs and unlike-sign pairs in mixed events,
respectively.
√ The estimated background is deﬁned as
NCB = 2R N++ N−− , where N++ , N−− are like-signpairs in the same event.
Figure 2 shows the inclusive dielectron spectrum
after background subtraction, and the signal-tobackground ratio. The vector mesons and J/ψ peaks
can be seen clearly. The signal-to-background ratio
agrees with the result of the pp collisions3) . in diﬀerent pT bins.
References
1) X. Zhu et al., Phys. Rev. Lett 100, 152301 (2008)
2) F. Carminati et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys. 30(2004) 1517 1763
3) Markus K. Koehler, arXiv:1302.2049 (2013)- 101 -

5. Hadron Physics (Theory)Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Quark contribution for center domain in heavy ion collisions†K. Kashiwa∗1 and A. Monnai∗1where T is temperature, a and b are color indices, B4
is the forth Bernoulli polynomial, Nf is the numberof ﬂavors. qa is deﬁned by the classical part of theabtime-like component of the vector potential (Acl=4)
ab
(2πT /g)qa δ , where g is the gauge coupling.
The overall eﬀective potential4) is shown in Fig. 1.
One can see that the three minima have the same freeenergy in the pure gauge case while imbalance is induced as the number of ﬂavors increases. We label thethree states as ν = 0, 1 and 2 corresponding to thefact that Polyakov loop at the minima can be written
as Φ = exp(2πiν/3) in the high temperature limit.
The emergence of the stable (ν = 0) and themetastable (ν = 1, 2) states is important because pressure imbalance among the domains can lead to longer
mean free path. Schematic pictures of parton scattering with diﬀerent number of ﬂavors/temperatures are
summarized in Fig. 2; (a) In the pure gauge system, thetypical mean free path is characterized by the domain
size. (b) When the system has small number of ﬂavors, the stable domains expand while the metastableones shrink, leading to the longer mean free path on
average. (c) Domain percolation can occur as the temperature further increases. (d) Finally, the metastable†∗1

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D 89, 011501(R)(2014)RIKEN Nishina Center

Nf = 440
Nf = 0F/T

The quark-gluon plasma (QGP) is characterized bylarge color opacity and near-perfect ﬂuidity in highenergy heavy ion experiments at the Relativistic Heavy
Ion Collider (RHIC) and the Large Hadron Collider(LHC). While hydrodynamic analyses have been quite
successful in quantitative description of the hot media1) , there are continuing debates on the origin of
ﬂuidity. It is recently proposed that center domain
structure can be the key to the problem2) . QCD has
SU(3) symmetry, and the Polyakov-loop potential has
three minima in the QGP phase. Since the color glasscondensate, a description of pre-collision state, implies
that the typical correlation length on the transverse
plane is characterized by the inverse of saturation scalein heavy ion collisions, a domain structure can appear
in the hot medium. This indicates a short mean freepath as the domains are separated by energy barrier.
In the present work, we introduce quark contribution
to the center domain picture3) . We consider the gluonand quark perturbative one-loop eﬀective potentials:
δab )2π 2 T 4 ∑(Fg =B4 (|qa − qb |mod 1 ), (1)
1−
3
3
a,b
)
4π 2 Nf T 4 ∑ (��1 ��
Ff = −,(2)
B4 �qa + �
3
2 mod 1a

Nf = 2

−5
−0.5

0
q

0.5

Fig. 1. Dimensionless eﬀective potentials as a function of q
for the number of ﬂavors Nf = 0, 2 and 4.

Fig. 2. Schematic pictures of the Nf dependence of thecenter domain structure and parton scattering.

states vanish completely and the system can become
weakly coupled above the topological critical temperature deﬁned as Tcri = T (P1 = P2 = 0) where Pν is thepressure. The increase in shear viscosity from RHIC
to LHC temperatures is roughly estimated as ∼ 1.5-1.6
in our model, which is in agreement with the hydrodynamic implication from experimental data ∼ 1.75) .
We developed a model that can provide a bridgefrom hydrodynamic to perturbative QCD pictures. A
new critical temperature is proposed, which implies
that the medium can suddenly lose ﬂuidity in heavy
ion collisions of very high energies. Future prospects
include investigation on the system size dependence.
References
1) B. Schenke et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 042301 (2011).
2) M. Asakawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 202301 (2013).
3) K. Kashiwa and A. Monnai, Phys. Rev. D 89,
011501(R) (2014).
4) V. M. Belyaev et al., Phys. Lett. B 277, 331 (1992).
5) C. Gale et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 012302 (2013).

- 103 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Signatures of chiral magnetic wave in heavy ion collisions
H. -U. Yee,∗1∗2
Chiral magnetic wave1) is a collective hydrodynamic
mode of chiral charge densities in the presence of background magnetic field, as a consequence of underlying
triangle anomaly of QCD. It has a longitudinal dispersion relation along the direction of the magnetic fieldω = ±vχ k − iDL k 2 + · · · ,(1)where the chiral magnetic velocity vχ is completely
fixed by the thermodynamic charge susceptibility χ as
vχ =

eNc B
,
4π 2 χ

(2)whereas the sign in front of the first term in the dispersion relation depends on the chirality, that is, lefthanded charge fluctuations propagate in the opposite
direction to that of the right-handed charge fluctuations. Since off-central heavy ion collisions can create
magnetic fields as large as eB ∼ m2π at RHIC andabout ten times larger at LHC, they provide an interesting environment where one can potentially test possible experimental signatures of chiral magnetic wave.
One observable that might be affected by the chiralmagnetic wave is the elliptic flows of early photons anddileptons, for which the recent experimental data from
RHIC indicate a value larger than the current theory
estimate without taking into account the presence ofmagnetic fields. Earlier studies have suggested possible enhancement of the elliptic flows of photons dueto the magnetic field, but a proper account of possible effects coming from chiral magnetic wave was firstexamined in Ref.2) in the framework of AdS/CFT correspondence. We observed that the chiral magnetic
wave can significantly modify the elliptic flows for the
momentum p < 1 GeV. Also, the quadrupole to theelliptic flow square ratio, v4 /v22 , is largely different
from a constant, violating a typical scaling v4 ∼ v22 forcharged hadrons. We also predicted a distinctive signature in the polarization of photons originating fromchiral magnetic wave. Future experiments probing the
momentum range p < 1 GeV will be interesting topotentially see such behaviors due to chiral magnetic
wave.
Another observable of interest is the charge dependent elliptic flows of pions, ∆v2 ≡ v2 (π − ) − v2 (π + ),which was recently measured at RHIC. The QCD
plasma formed by heavy ion collisions naturally has asmall average positive vector charge density as a remnant of the colliding two positively charged nuclei, but
one can also select events with any sign of the net
charge that exist via statistical fluctuations. Recalling that QV = QL + QR and QA = −QL + QR where∗1∗2

QV,A are vector (axial) charge densities and QL,R areleft (right)-handed chiral charge densities, the initial
vector charge density with average zero axial charge
corresponds to having equal amounts of chiral charges
QL and QR . Chiral magnetic wave acting on thesechiral charges will move them apart in opposite directions along the magnetic field, which leads to a net
vector charge quadrupole moment that is proportional
to the initial vector charge density. Based on this, wepredicted in Ref.3) that this quadrupole moment, in
conjunction with the radial flow developed by hydrodynamic evolution, will eventually result in ∆v2 proportional to the initial vector charge density,∆v2 = rA± ,A± =(N+ − N− ),(N+ + N− )(3)with a positive slope parameter r, which has been confirmed by the experimental analysis of RHIC. The simulation in Ref.3) for r to compare with experimental
value was crude, neglecting many realistic elements
in heavy ion collisions, and in Ref.4) we significantly
improved the simulation by implementing a realistic
2+1 dimensional hydrodynamic code with isothermal
Cooper-Frye freeze out condition, as well as chiralphase transition effect on the chiral magnetic wave.
Our result for r and its dependence on the impact parameter compare well with experiments, although ouranalysis does not exclude other contributions unrelated
to triangle anomaly.
In Ref.5) we systematically classified possible P and
CP odd observables in photon and dilepton emission
rates. Since axial charge is P and CP odd, which isa unique characterization of it, these observables must
be proportional to event-by-event fluctuations of axial charges in the QCD plasma formed in heavy ion
collisions. Our observables are related to spin (helicity) alignments of the photons and dileptons, and wehave shown that they probe the imaginary part of thechiral magnetic conductivity of the plasma at finite
momenta, which ultimately arises from the underlying
triangle anomaly of QCD.
References
1) D. E. Kharzeev and H. -U. Yee: Phys. Rev. D 83,
085007 (2011).
2) H. -U. Yee: Phys. Rev. D 88, 026001 (2013).
3) Y. Burnier, D. E. Kharzeev, J. Liao and H. -U. Yee:
Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 052303 (2011).
4) H. -U. Yee and Y. Yin, Phys. Rev. C 89, 044909 (2014).
5) K. A. Mamo and H. -U. Yee: Phys. Rev. D 88, 114029(2013).

Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Chicago
RIKEN Nishina Center- 104 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Dihadron Fragmentation Functions in the NJL-Jet Model†
H. Matevosyan,∗1 W. Bentz,∗2∗3 and A. W. Thomas ∗1[QUARK FRAGMENTATION FUNCTIONS]

†
∗1
∗2
∗3

influence on the shape of the DiFFs even at very highvalues of Q2 .
The future development of our model will allow us
to extract also the so called interference DiFFs by considering the fragmentation of a transversely polarized
quark, which also play an important role to extract
the transversity distribution functions from measured
SIDIS two-hadron asymmetries.
1.5

0.2 Du  (z, Mh2) dz

u - +Full Final State
Primary

-

+

1.0

0.8

0.5

0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

Mh2 (GeV 2)

1.0

1.2

1.4

Fig. 1. Fragmentation function for u → π + π − calculated
in the NJL-jet model, including only primary (dashedline) and full (solid line) final states.

Model
LO, 4 GeV 2
LO, 100 GeV 2

0.2 Du  (z, Mh2) dz

-

+

1.0

0.5

0.8

In order to describe the scattering of high energy
electrons on nuclear targets in terms of quark degrees
of freedom, the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model isoften used as an effective theory of QCD. For example, this model was successfully applied in Ref.1) to
describe quark distribution and fragmentation functions observed in semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering (SIDIS) processes. Here we extend the model tothe description of dihadron fragmentation functions(DiFFs), which are expected to play an importantrole for extracting the transversity parton distributionfunctions from SIDIS processes with two final detected
hadrons2) .
The unpolarized DiFFs (Dqh1 h2 (z, Mh2 )) for the process q → h1 h2 depend on the sum of the light-cone
momentum fractions z = z1 + z2 and the invariant
mass squared Mh2 = (P1 +P2 )2 of the produced hadronpair. In order to calculate these functions, we use thequark jet picture, with the elementary fragmentation
functions for q → h calculated in the NJL-jet model3) .
The multihadron emissions from a high energy virtualquark (flavor q = u, d, s) are described by using MonteCarlo techniques, averaging over a sufficiently large
number of events (1010 in the results shown below)
and restricting the total number of primary emitted
hadrons for each fragmentation chain to a predefined
number (equal to eight in the results below). In thisstudy we include the pseudoscalar π, K and vector (ρ,ω, K ∗ and φ) mesons. The strong 2-body and 3-bodydecays of the primary vector mesons to secondary π
and K are also included in the simulations, and arevery important to describe the invariant mass spectraof the final π and K pairs.
Fig.1 shows the DiFF for u → π + π − , integrated
over z in the region 0.2 to 0.8, for the cases of primary mesons only (dashed line) and the full final
states including the decay products of the primary vector mesons (solid line). The ρ0 peak around Mh2 ≃2(0.78 GeV) , and the enhancement in the region below 0.4 GeV2 coming from ω → π + π − π 0 with shiftedinvariant mass due to the unobserved π 0 , are clearlyseen in the figure. Fig.2 shows the results obtainedby performing the Q2 evolution in leading order (LO),where we assign a typical NJL-jet scale of 0.2 GeV2
to the model results shown by the solid lines in Figs.
1 and 2. The vector meson decays have an important

0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

Mh2 (GeV 2)

1.2

1.4

Fig. 2. The solid line is the same as in Fig.1, and the otherlines show the results obtained by the Q2 evolution inleading order (LO) to higher energy scales.
This work was supported by the Australian Research Council(Grants No. FL0992247 and No.CE110001004), the Universityof Adelaide, and the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology (Kakenhi Grant No. 20168769).

References

Condensed from an article by H.H. Matevosyan et al, Phys.
Rev. D 88, 094022 (2013).
University of Adelaide
Department of Physics, Tokai University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 105 -

1) H. H. Matevosyan, W. Bentz, I.C. Cloët, A.W.
Thomas, Phys. Rev. D 85, 014021 (2012).
2) R.L. Jaffe, X. Jin, J. Tang, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 1166
(1998).
3) T. Ito, W. Bentz, I.C. Cloët, A.W. Thomas, K. Yazaki,
Phys. Rev. D 80, 074008 (2009).

1Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Twist-3 fragmentation and transverse single-spin asymmetries†
D. Pitonyak∗1
Transverse single-spin asymmetries (TSSAs) in inclusive hadron production (denoted by AN ) have been
the subject of intense study since the late 1970s. These
are defined asAN =⊥ ) − dσ(−S
⊥ )
dσ(S
,
2 dσunp(1)⊥ )) is the cross section with⊥ ) (dσ(−Swhere dσ(Stransverse spin S⊥ oriented “up” (“down”) and dσunp
is the unpolarized cross section. Experiments havemeasured large effects for these observables (with themost recent results from proton-proton collisions at
RHIC1–3) ), which contradict the prediction of the naı̈vecollinear parton model4) . However, a framework using twist-3 multi-parton correlators can potentially describe these large TSSAs5–7) .
The assumption for many years was that the socalled soft-gluon pole (SGP) piece dominates over
the other contributions7,8) . This part involves thenon-perturbative twist-3 Qiu-Sterman (QS) function
TF (x, x)6,7) , which was extracted several years ago8) .
However, a later analysis revealed that this extractionof TF (x, x) does not satisfy the model-independent relation with the Sivers function extracted from semiinclusive deep-inelastic scattering (SIDIS) off a transversely polarized proton: the two different extractions
disagree in sign9) . This “sign mismatch” crisis has led
to a reexamination of whether the QS function is themost significant part of TSSAs in inclusive hadron production — see, e.g., the recent discussion10) . The focus
has now shifted to whether a contribution involving
twist-3 fragmentation functions can resolve the “signmismatch” and provide the dominant effect.
The complete analytic result for the twist-3 fragmentation term in the single-spin dependent cross section for p↑ p → hX was given for the first time by thepresent author and A. Metz11) :⊥ )Ph0 dσ(S2α2 Mhα β
⊥,αβ S⊥
=− s
Ph⊥
3

S
d Ph
   1 dz  1 dx 1
1
×
3


z xmin x x x S + T /z
i a,b,c zmindĤ c (z) i
1
a
b 
c
SĤ
Ĥ (z) − z×h1 (x) f1 (x )dz−x t̂ − xû1i+ H c (z) SH
z

†

∗1

Condensed in part from the article in Phys. Lett. B, Vol. 723,
365 (2013), whose work was funded by the NSF under Grant
No. PHY-1205942
RIKEN Nishina Center, Brookhaven National Lab

+ 2z

2



1
1 i
dz1
S
PV 1
ĤFc,
U (z, z1 )12
z1
ξ ĤF Uz − z1. (2)See the paper11) for more details. In particular, Appendix A of the aforementioned reference contains thehard scattering coefficients S i in (2).
The piece in (2) also involves two independent nonperturbative functions: Ĥ(z) and ĤFU (z, z1 ). (Thefunction H(z) can be written in terms of the othertwo.) In principle one has information on Ĥ(z)through its relation to the Collins function in SIDIS.
One must then parameterize the unknown function
ĤFU (z, z1 ) and see if a fit to the data1–3) is possible.
We propose the following form for this (3-parton) fragmentation correlator that is consistent with its support
properties:
ĤFU (z, z1 ) = N z α (z/z1 )β (1 − z)δ (1 − z/z1 )γ× D1 (z) D1 (z/z1 ) ,(3)

where D1 is the unpolarized fragmentation function.
We are in the process of carrying out a numerical studyof AN in p↑ p → πX using (3). This will be an important step towards solving an almost 40 year problemof what causes large TSSAs in inclusive hadron production from proton-proton collisions.
References
1) I. Arsene et al. [BRAHMS Collaboration], Phys. Rev.
Lett. 101, 042001 (2008) [arXiv:0801.1078 [nucl-ex]].
2) L. Adamczyk et al. [STAR Collaboration], Phys. Rev.
D 86, 051101 (2012) [arXiv:1205.6826 [nucl-ex]].
3) A. Adare et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], arXiv:1312.1995[hep-ex].
4) G. L. Kane, J. Pumplin and W. Repko, Phys. Rev. Lett.
41, 1689 (1978).
5) A. V. Efremov and O. V. Teryaev, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys.
36, 140 (1982) [Yad. Fiz. 36, 242 (1982)]; Phys. Lett.
B 150, 383 (1985).
6) J.-w. Qiu and G. F. Sterman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 2264
(1991); Nucl. Phys. B 378, 52 (1992).
7) J.-w. Qiu and G. F. Sterman, Phys. Rev. D 59, 014004(1999) [hep-ph/9806356].
8) C. Kouvaris, J. W. Qiu, W. Vogelsang andF. Yuan, Phys. Rev. D 74, 114013 (2006) [arXiv:hepph/0609238].
9) Z. -B. Kang, J. -W. Qiu, W. Vogelsang and F. Yuan,
Phys. Rev. D 83, 094001 (2011) [arXiv:1103.1591 [hepph]].
10) A. Metz, D. Pitonyak, A. Schäfer, M. Schlegel, W. Vogelsang and J. Zhou, Phys. Rev. D 86, 094039 (2012)[arXiv:1209.3138 [hep-ph]].
11) A. Metz and D. Pitonyak, Phys. Lett. B 723, 365(2013) [arXiv:1212.5037 [hep-ph]].

- 106 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Polarized fragmentation functions and electron-positron annihilation†
D. Pitonyak∗1
Electron-positron annihilation into (possibly polarized) hadrons, where one or more hadrons are identified, gives one access to fragmentation functions (FFs),
which embody the process of a parton forming a
hadron, and they contain important information about
the strong interaction in the non-perturbative regime.
(These are analogous to parton distribution functions(PDFs) that look at partons inside of hadrons.) Suchexperiments have been run by both the Belle Collaboration at KEK in Japan and the BABAR Collaboration at SLAC in the US. In order to have a complete
framework to analyze FFs in electron-positron annihilation, one must write the cross section in a generalform involving structure functions, which can then be
calculated (for small transverse momentum of the exchanged boson) in terms of twist-2 transverse momentum dependent (TMD) FFs. For the future International Linear Collider (ILC), it is also beneficial to havecomplete results for polarized leptons including electroweak effects. Given its similarity to Drell-Yan, one
should also be able to transcribe such results to thatreaction, which would be useful for double-polarized
Drell-Yan experiments at RHIC.
Here we extend earlier works1–5) in order to addressthese issues. The cross section for the reaction e+ e− →ha hb X is given by
4

2
2αem
Pa0 Pb0 dσ=(Lµν W µν )γγ
q2
d3 Pa d3 Pb

MZ4 G2F(Lµν W µν )ZZ
64π 2 q 2√
αem 2MZ2 GF+((Lµν W µν )γZ + h.c.) , (1)8πq 2+

where one has leptonic tensors Lµν and hadronic tensors W µν for γ-exchange, Z-exchange, and their interference. As the present author, M. Schlegel, and
A. Metz discuss in detail6) , one can write down thefirst term in (1) in terms of 72 structure functions using electromagnetic gauge invariance, hermiticity, andparity (see Eq. (3.21) of 6) ). The second and thirdterms are more involved due to the fact that one nolonger has the parity constraint. Nevertheless, one cancalculate these terms (as well as the first) within theparton model at twist-2. The result leads to 128 structure functions (see Eqs. (4.34), (4.35) and Appendix Aof 6) ). Where relevant, we have checked our resultswith those in1–4) . Thus, we have for the first time acomplete framework for the study of TMD FFs withine+ e− → ha hb X including electroweak terms and the†∗1

Condensed from the article arXiv:1310.6240 [hep-ph] submitted to Physical Review D
RIKEN Nishina Center, Brookhaven National Lab

polarization of all particles.
We also note that if we make the replacements(4Pa0 Pb0 dσ/d3 Pa d3 Pb )e+ e− −→ (4l0 l 0 dσ/d3l d3l  )DY ,za (zb ) → xa (xb ), and Nc → 1/Nc , the structure functions associated with unpolarized leptons for the pure
electromagnetic case are the same as those given in
Drell-Yan5) with the TMD PDFs replaced by their
TMD FF analogues. The only additional change one
must remember is that ha (hb ) in the e+ e− case has alarge minus- (plus-) component of momentum, whereas
for Drell-Yan one normally uses the reverse convention.
Along the same lines, one can easily transcribe the results in Appendix A of 6) to obtain the relevant expressions for Drell-Yan when one allows the q q̄ pair toannihilate into a Z-boson. Thus, we have for the firsttime full results for double-polarized Drell-Yan that
include electroweak effects, which would be needed if
such experiments were conducted at RHIC.
We would finally like to highlight a structure function that appears in 6) for first time:
 q−


2φ,ew
q
w3 H1⊥ H̄1⊥ ,(2)=
F5 (s) Cew
Gcos
UU
q

where F5q− (s) is a prefactor that is nonzero if Zq[· · ·] is the convolution of aexchange is included, Cew
weight w3 and the Collins function H1⊥ . One could access (2) at a future ILC and extract the Collins function. This result could then be checked against the
Collins function that has been obtained recently fromBelle and BABAR data7) . Given that the ILC would
have around two orders of magnitude higher center-ofmass energy than Belle and BABAR, such an analysis
would also be an important test of the TMD evolution formalism and its application to phenomenology,
which has been of recent interest.
References
1) D. Boer, R. Jakob and P. J. Mulders, Nucl. Phys. B
504, 345 (1997) [hep-ph/9702281]; Phys. Lett. B 424,
143 (1998) [hep-ph/9711488].
2) D. Boer, R. Jakob and P. J. Mulders, Phys. Lett. B 424,
143 (1998) [hep-ph/9711488].
3) D. Boer, Phys. Rev. D 60, 014012 (1999) [hepph/9902255].
4) D. Boer, Nucl. Phys. B 806, 23 (2009) [arXiv:0804.2408[hep-ph]].
5) S. Arnold, A. Metz and M. Schlegel, Phys. Rev. D 79,
034005 (2009) [arXiv:0809.2262 [hep-ph]].
6) D. Pitonyak, M. Schlegel and A. Metz, arXiv:1310.6240[hep-ph].
7) M. Anselmino, M. Boglione, U. D’Alesio, S. Melis,
F. Murgia and A. Prokudin, Phys. Rev. D 87, 094019(2013) [arXiv:1303.3822 [hep-ph]].

- 107 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Spatial Wilson loops in high-energy heavy-ion collisions
A. Dumitru∗1,∗22effectively exhibit area law scaling, WM (R) ∼ e−σ πR ,and we compute the magnetic string tension σ. Furthermore, we argue that at length scales ∼ 1/Qs thefield configurations might be viewed as uncorrelated
Z(N) vortices. We also compare to the expectation
value of the Z(Nc ) part of the loop; thus, for two colors we compute

 

Z(2)
WM (R) = sgn tr P exp ig dxi Ai(2)where sgn() denotes the sign function.
The field in the forward light cone√immediately after
a collision4) , at proper time τ ≡ t2 − z 2 → +0, isgiven by Ai = α1i + α2i . In turn, before the collision
the individual fields of projectile and target are 2d puregauges,i
αm=i†
U m ∂ i Umg,i
∂ i αm= gρm ,

(3)

where m = 1, 2 labels projectile and target, respectively, and Um are SU(N) matrices. Note that fora non-Abelian gauge group, the sum Ai of two puregauges is not a pure gauge, so WM = 1.
The large-x valence charge density ρ is a randomvariable. For a large nucleus, the effective action describing color charge fluctuations is quadratic2) , Seff =ρa (x)ρa (x)/2µ2 . The variance of color charge fluctuations determines the saturation scale Q2s ∼ g 4 µ2 . The†∗1∗2

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D, Vol. 88, 054016(2013)
Department of Natural Sciences, Baruch College (CUNY)
RIKEN Nishina Center

brackets in eq. (1) denote an average over the fluctuating color charges ρ1 (x), ρ2 (x) of the two charge sheets
corresponding to projectile and target, respectively.

1.1

WZ(2)
M (A)
WM(A)
∝ exp(-0.12 A’)∝ exp(-0.09 A’)

1

WM(A’)

Collisions of heavy ions at high energies provide opportunity to study non-linear dynamics of strong QCD
color fields1) . The field of a very dense system of color
charges at rapidities far from the source is determinedby the classical Yang-Mills equations with a recoillesscurrent along the light cone2) . It consists of gluonscharacterized by a transverse momentum pT on theorder of the density of valence charges per unit transverse area Q2s ; this saturation momentum scale separates the regime of non-linear color field interactions at>
pT <∼ Qs or distances r ∼ 1/Qs from the perturbative
regime at pT  Qs .
Right after the impact strong longitudinal chromomagnetic fields Bz ∼ 1/g develop due to the fact thatthe individual projectile and target fields do not commute3) . They fluctuate according to the random local
color charge densities of the valence sources. Here weshow that magnetic loops

 

1
WM (R) =tr P exp ig dxi Ai
(1)
Nc

0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

2

A’ = A Qs

3

3.5

4

Fig. 1. Expectation value5) of the magnetic flux loop rightafter a collision of two nuclei (time τ = +0) as a function of its area A ≡ A Q2s . Symbols show numericalresults for SU (2) Yang-Mills on a 40962 lattice; the lattice spacing is set by g 2 µL = 0.0661. The lines represent
fits over the range 4 ≥ A ≥ 2.

In fig. 1 we show numerical results for WM immediately after a collision. It exhibits area law behavior
2
for loops larger than A >∼ 2/Qs . The corresponding“magnetic string tension” is σM /Q2s = 0.12(1). The
area law indicates uncorrelated magnetic flux fluctuations through the Wilson loop and that the area ofmagnetic vortices is rather small, their radius being
on the order of Rvtx ∼ 0.8/Qs . We do not observe a
breakdown of the area law up to A ∼ 4/Q2s , implying that vortex correlations are small at such distancescales. Also, restricting to the Z(2) part reduces themagnetic flux through small loops but σM is comparable to the full SU(2) result.
References
1) A. H. Mueller, Nucl. Phys. B 558, 285 (1999).
2) L. D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Phys. Rev. D
49, 2233 (1994), Phys. Rev. D 49, 3352 (1994);
Y. V. Kovchegov, Phys. Rev. D 54, 5463 (1996).
3) D. Kharzeev, A. Krasnitz and R. Venugopalan, Phys.
Lett. B 545, 298 (2002); R. J. Fries, J. I. Kapusta
and Y. Li, nucl-th/0604054; T. Lappi and L. McLerran, Nucl. Phys. A 772, 200 (2006).
4) A. Kovner, L. D. McLerran and H. Weigert, Phys. Rev.
D 52, 6231 (1995); Phys. Rev. D 52, 3809 (1995).
5) A. Dumitru, Y. Nara and E. Petreska, Phys. Rev. D 88,
054016 (2013).

- 108 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Bose-Einstein Condensation in “the very hot”

In relativistic heavy ion collisions, a highly occupied
gluonic matter is created shortly after initial impact,which is in a non-thermal state and often referred toas the glasma. How the glasma evolves quickly toward an emergent hydrodynamic behavior remains asignificant challenge for theory as well as phenomenology. Recently there has been important progress inunderstanding the pre-equilibrium evolution using the
kinetic theory description, in a highly overpopulated
regime1–3) where the system is weakly coupled yetstrongly interacting with the possibility of a transient
BEC during the course of thermalization.
Inspired by the Color Glass Condensate description of the initial conditions, the gluon distribution
in the glasma is schematically given by f (p ≤ Qs ) =f0 , f (p > Qs ) = 0 with Qs the saturation scale. One
may introduce the overpopulation parameter nϵ−3/4
which is directly related to the ratio between interparticle distance d and typical de Broglie wavelength
λ, i.e. nϵ−3/4 ∼ (λ/d)α thus measuring the degrees ofquantum coherence: when nϵ−3/4 → ô(1) then λ → dand one expects BEC to occur. In the glasma distribu5/4−3/4
1/4
tion n0 ϵ0= f0 32π1/2 and, compared with thermal
3/4case n ϵ−3/4 |SB = 30 π7/2ζ(3) ≈ 0.28, the system becomes overpopulated when f0 > f0c ≈ 0.154. One thus
see in the glasma with f0 = 1/αs , even with rather
modest weak coupling αs ≃ 0.3 the system is highly
overpopulated and will develop Bose condensate.
So how does the thermalization proceed in such aoverpopulated glasma? Numerical solutions reported
in 2) suggest two generic features. First, two cascades
in momentum space will quickly develop: a particle
cascade toward the IR momentum region that quickly
populates the soft momentum modes to high occupation, and a energy cascade toward the UV momentum
region that spreads the energy out. As a consequencea high occupation number at IR is quickly achieved,
leading to the second interesting feature: an almost instantaneous local “equilibrium” form for the distribution near the origin p⃗ → 0: f ∗ (p → 0) = e(p−µ∗1)/T ∗ −1 .
In the overpopulated case the IR cascade persists todrive the local thermal distribution near p = 0 to increase rapidly in a self-similar form (see Fig.1 upper).
The associated negative local “chemical potential” isdriven to approach zero, i.e. (−µ∗ ) → 0+ and ultimately vanishes in a finite time, marking the onset ofthe condensation. The approaching toward onset iswell described by a scaling behavior: |µ∗ | = C(τc − τ )ηwith a universal exponent η ≈ 1 for varied values of∗1∗2

Physics Department and Center for Exploration of Energy
and Matter, Indiana University
RIKEN Nishina CenterµJ. Liao∗1,∗2

τFig. 1. Local thermal form (upper) of f (p → 0) and thevanishing of local chemical potential µ∗ → 0 (lower).

f0 > f0c . Such general link from initial overpopulation
to the onset of BEC in a finite time with a scaling
behavior appears to be very robust against different
choices of initial distribution shapes and possible initial
anisotropy, including longitudinal expansion, as well as
adding finite medium-generated mass.
There is one particularly important issue related to
the role of inelastic processes. One may even wonder if such onset (manifested as the development of
an infrared singularity in the kinetic evolution) would
happen anymore. To answer this, one needs to study
the kinetic evolution including both processes: a firstattempt has been done, recently in 3) . Contrary tousual expectation, it is found that the inelastic process has two effects: globally changing (mostly reducing) the total particle number, while locally at small p
always filling up the infrared regime extremely quickly.
This latter effect is found to significantly speed up the
emergence of local thermal form with vanishing local“chemical potential” and catalyzes the onset of Bose
condensation to occur faster (as compared with thepurely elastic case) in the overpopulated glasma.
References
1) J. -P. Blaizot, F. Gelis, J. -F. Liao, L. McLerran and
R. Venugopalan, Nucl. Phys. A 873, 68 (2012).
2) J. -P. Blaizot, J. Liao and L. McLerran, Nucl. Phys. A
920, 58 (2013).
3) X. -G. Huang and J. Liao, arXiv:1303.7214 [nucl-th].

- 109 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Out-of-equilibrium chiral magnetic effect at strong coupling†
S. Lin ∗1 and H-U. Yee∗1,∗2
The chiral magnetic effect in relativistic heavy-ion
collisions has been proposed as a signature of local
parity violation in QCD above deconfinement phasetransition1) . The manifestation of the chiral magnetic
effect requires both a strong magnetic field and chiral imbalance in fundamental quarks. Despite continuous theoretical efforts in understanding the effect,
many quantitative questions remain unanswered. Oneof them is the value of the chiral magnetic conductivity, which is complicated by the fact that the magnetic field produced by the spectators exists only at theearly stage of the collisions, when quark-gluon plasma(QGP) is not yet thermalized. An accurate calculationof the chiral magnetic conductivity should be carriedout for QGP in an out-of-equilibrium setting. In thiswork, we report on our attempt in this direction
We considered chirally imbalanced QGP undergoing
thermalization. It can be modeled by a gravitationallycollapsing shell in 5D Anti-de Sitter (AdS) space. The
shell carries an axial charge density, described by anaxial chemical potential µA . The end point of the gravitational collapse is the formation of the AdS-ReissnerNordstrom (AdS-RN) black hole, which is dual to QGP
with an axial charge density. The central quantity is
the chiral magnetic conductivity in the thermalization
process. It is defined for at finite frequencies as the response of the vector current to the external magnetic
field�J�EM = σχ (ω)B(ω).

(1)

This is to be evaluated at different times in the thermalization history. Note that (1) assumes the current
response is much faster than the evolution of QGP
toward equilibrium, which is not true in the nearequilibrium regime. We restricted our study to the farfrom equilibrium regime. We obtained the chiral magnetic conductivity for different frequencies in Fig. 1.
The end point QGP has a temperature T = 300 MeV
and an axial chemical potential µA = 50 MeV. We
found that in general the chiral magnetic conductivity
increases as QGP thermalizes, which is consistent withthe expectation that more and more thermalized constituents are available in conducting the current. We
also found that the magnitude of conductivity changes
only slightly as the frequency of the magnetic field isvaried, while increasing the frequency does results inlonger delay in the response. We stress that the conventional conductivity has the opposite behavior.
We also studied the chiral magnetic wave in the same†∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. D 88, 025030(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago

Abs σ
σ0

0.35
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05

t fm

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

t fm

0.020
0.015
0.010
0.005
t fm

Fig. 1. The chiral magnetic conductivity as a functionof thermalization history for frequencies ω = 200
MeV(blue solid), ω = 300 MeV(red dashed) and ω =400 MeV(green dotted). The left plot shows the magnitude normalized by chiral magnetic conductivity inequilibrium and the right plot shows the time delay of
the response.

thermalization model for QGP with vanishing axial
charge density. The chiral magnetic wave rises from acoupled fluctuation of the axial and vector charges in
the presence of a background magnetic field. In equilibrium, it has the dispersion ω = ∓vχ k, with the wave
velocity proportional to the magnetic field and the velocity changes sign when the chirality of the charge isreversed2) . We found that the dispersion relation ismodified toω = vout k ∓ ∆ω(k, B).

(2)

We see that the frequency splits into two terms: The
first term is entirely of off-equilibrium origin: the wave
velocity vout vanishes as QGP thermalizes; It is also
independent of the chirality of the charge. The second
term depends on the chirality, and it is linear in bothk and B. It is reminiscent of chiral magnetic wave
velocity in equilibrium. This shows that the physicaleffect of the chiral magnetic wave may be enhanced
owing to the out-of-equilibrium effect.
References
1) D. E. Kharzeev, L. D. McLerran and H. J. Warringa,
Nucl. Phys. A 803, 227 (2008)
2) D. E. Kharzeev and H. -U. Yee, Phys. Rev. D 83, 085007(2011)- 110 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

General conditions ensuring relativistic causality in an effective field
theory based on the derivative expansion†
Y. Minami∗1 and Y. Hidaka∗1
We discuss the general conditions ensuring relativistic causality in an effective field theory based on thederivative expansion. Relativistic causality implies
that the Green function vanishes in a space-like region. It is known that a naive derivative expansion
violates causality in some cases such as the first-orderrelativistic dissipative hydrodynamics. We note that
the Lorentz covariance and time and space derivativesof equal order do not ensure causality. We derive thegeneral conditions for causality that should be satisfied
by any effective theory consistent with special relativity.
Derivative expansion is a useful tool at a low-energy
scale and widely used in effective theories. Chiralperturbation theory is a good example of a successful low-energy effective theory in hadron physics1) .
From a modern perspective, hydrodynamics is also a
low-enegy effective theory; the leading-order hydrodynamic equations are called Euler equations, and thefirst-order hydrodynamic equations are called Navier–Stokes equations.
Causality is an important concept in physics. In relativistic systems, the propagation of any information
cannot exceed the speed of light (relativistic causality).
However, it seems that a low-energy effective theory
in medium is incompatible with relativistic causality.
For example, in first-order relativistic hydrodynamics,
shear and heat flows violate causality because the firstorder equation has the form of a diffusion equation2,3) .
We note that the first-order hydrodynamic equation is
Lorentz covariant, i.e., the covariance does not ensure
the causality. It is argued that the acausality of thefirst-order hydrodynamics originates from the difference between the order of time- and space-like derivatives in the equation of motion. In the diffusion equation, the time-like derivative is of the first order, while
the space-like one is of the second order. However, wenote that equality in the order of time- and space-likederivatives does not ensure the causality. For example,
let us consider the following equation:


µ
2
µ
µν
µ ν
τ (u ∂µ ) +u ∂µ +Γ(η −u u )∂µ ∂ν n(xµ ) = 0,(1)where n(x) is a scalar density, uµ is a constant timelike vector, η = diag(−1, 1, 1, 1),τ is the relaxation
time, and Γ is the diffusion constant. In this equation, the time-like derivative is of the same order as
the space-like one. This equation has the form of
the telegraphic equation such that the propagation is†∗1

restrictedin the region definedby vxt > xs , where
v = Γ/τ , xt = u·x, and xs = −(η µν − uµ uν )xµ xν .
If Γ < τ , causality is satisfied because the velocity issmaller than the speed of light, i.e., v < 13) . However,if Γ > τ , the propagation speed exceeds the speed oflight. Furthermore, if Γ = 0, causality is not violatedeven though the order of the time and space derivatives are different. Therefore, the equal order of space
and time derivatives in the equation of motion does
not ensure in itself that the Green function is causal.
What ensures the causality in general?
The purpose of this paper is to derive the conditions ensuring relativistic causality in an effective theory based on the derivative expansion. We will consider the retarded Green function in a scalar theory attree level, i.e., thermal and quantum fluctuations will
not be taken into account. In this case, the retarded
Green function in the derivative expansion is generally
written as a rational function in the momentum space:
GR (ω, k) =Q(ω, k),P (ω, k)(2)where P (ω, k) and Q(ω, k) are polynomials in ω andk:
P (ω, k)= pn (k)ω n + pn−1 (k)ω n−1 + ... + p0 (k), (3)Q(ω, k)= qm (k)ω m + qm−1 (k)ω n−1 + ... + q0 (k). (4)Here, n > m, and pj (k) and qj (k) are the polynomials
in k. Because we assumed isotropy, the Green function
turns becomes a function of k ≡ |k|. The relativistic causality implies that the retarded Green function
must vanish in the space-like region. Therefore, we derive the general condition ensuring Eq. (2) vanishes inthe space-region, which is given by ω(k)  < 1 and lim Im ω(k)  < ∞,lim Re
(5)


k→∞
k→∞
k
k 

and the condition that pn (k) must not depend on k.
Here, ω(k) is a pole of Eq. (2). These conditions ensurecausality in effective theories based on the derivative
expansion, and they are the main results of our paper.
References

1) S. Weinberg, Phys. Rev. Lett. 17, 616 (1966); Physica A 96, 327 (1979).
2) W. Israel and J.M.Stewart, Ann. Phys. (N.Y.) 118(1979), 341.
3) S. Pu, T. Koide, D. H. Rischke, Phys. Rev. D 81, 114039(2010).

Condensed from the article in arXiv:1401.0006 [hep-ph]
RIKEN Nishina center- 111 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Boundary Restoration of Chiral Symmetry†
B. Tiburzi∗1
One of the hallmark features of the theory of strong
interactions is spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry. While quark masses explicitly break the chiralsymmetry of the QCD action, the lightest quarks (upand down) have masses that can be treated as a perturbation about the symmetric SU (2)L ⊗ SU (2)R chiral limit. The formation of a chiral condensate by the
QCD vacuum in the chiral limit, namely < ψψ >�= 0,
spontaneously breaks the chiral symmetry down to thevector subgroup, SU (2)V . This symmetry breaking
pattern along with the explicit breaking due to thequark masses gives an explanation of the lightness of
the iso-triplet of pseudo-scalar pions because they must
be the emergent Goldstone bosons.
Lattice gauge theory provides a first principles
method for solving QCD numerically on finite Euclidean space-time lattices. Strictly speaking, spontaneous symmetry breaking cannot occur in a finite
volume. In practice, the formation of a chiral condensate on periodic lattices is determined by the size ofthe pion Compton wavelength compared to the lattice size2–4) . In this work1), we explore a different
restoration of chiral symmetry. We consider the fateof chiral symmetry on a Euclidean manifold with three
infinite directions, and one compact direction that, unlike the periodic case, has a boundary. Specifically thecompact direction is subject to homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions (DBCs), as have been utilized
recently in various lattice gauge theory computations.
The effect of a boundary on the chiral condensate
cannot be ascertained within chiral perturbation theory, because the chiral condensate is determined by theexpression< ψψ(x) >= −Σ< U (x) + U † (x) > + · · · .
4(1)

Due to the unitarity of the coset manifold, the righthand side of this relation does not vanish at the boundary in contradiction with the quark boundary conditions satisfied on the left-hand side. A consistent treatment of the chiral condensate in the presence of DBCs
necessitates including the dynamics of isoscalar scalarmesons. For this reason, we employ the sigma model
which shares the same symmetry breaking pattern as
QCD with two light quark flavors, and provides thesimplest model of spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking. The parameter Σ in Eq. (1) becomes a field Σ(x)satisfying DBCs. The chiral condensate < ψψ(x) > isdetermined by minimizing the action to find the vacuum configuration.
†

Condensed from Reference1)∗1

Department of Physics, The City College of New York(CUNY), USA; and RIKEN Nishina Center

An example of our results is shown in Fig. 1, which
depicts the effect of DBCs on the volume-averaged
value of the chiral condensate, defined by < ψψ > =
1 L
L 0 dx < ψψ(x) >. In the limit of an asymptotically large extent L, the volume-averaged chiral condensate tends to the infinite volume value, however,
the approach to asymptopia is slow. The asymptotic
condensate can be determined in closed form, and averaged over the compact direction to produce
4 log 2
+ ··· ,
(2)< ψψ > =< ψψ > 1 −mσ Lfrom which we see power-law scaling controlled by theCompton wavelength of the sigma meson.
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

1

2

3

L fm

4

5

6

Fig. 1. Ratio of the volume-averaged condensate in thesigma model < ψψ > to the infinite volume condensate< ψψ > plotted as a function of the finite extent L.
The dotted curve shows the asymptotic formula in Eq.
(2). Below L ≈ 2 fm, the sigma model vacuum energy
is minimized by < ψψ(x) >= 0 for all x, and chiralsymmetry is completely restored. The cusp is likely
softened by including higher-lying sigma states.

Our sigma model results show that one should becautious in interpreting results from lattice computations employing DBCs on small lattices. To establish
the credibility of lattice computations with Dirichletboundaries, one requires a lattice computation of thechiral condensate, either locally or volume averaged,
which will ultimately reveal the extent to which chiralsymmetry is restored in the presence of a boundary. Inturn, frustration of the chiral condensate via Dirichlet boundaries may enable us to learn more about themechanism that underlies spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking.
References
1) B. C. Tiburzi, Phys. Rev. D 88, 034027 (2013).
2) J. Gasser, H. Leutwyler, Phys. Lett. B 184 (1987) 83.
3) J. Gasser, H. Leutwyler, Phys. Lett. B 188 (1987) 477.
4) J. Gasser, H. Leutwyler, Nucl. Phys. B 307 (1988) 763.

- 112 -

1

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Cutoﬀ eﬀects on lattice nuclear forces†
T. Doi∗1†∗1Condensed from the article in PoS LAT2013, 226 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center

1400

a=0.1076fm
a=0.1555fm
a=0.2150fm

V(r) [MeV]

1200
1000

0

800
600
400

0

200

0.5

1

1
1.5
r [fm]

2

0
0

0.5

Fig. 1. Central potentials VC (r) in 1 S0 channel. Inset
shows r2 VC (r) to include phase space factor. Solid lines
correspond the fit for the potentials.
3
scattering length [fm]Nuclear forces, the interactions among nucleons,serve as the cornerstone in nuclear physics. While they
have been traditionally determined through the scattering experiments, their theoretical understanding byusing the fundamental theory, quantum chromodynamics (QCD), has not been established yet. Recently,
a novel approach was proposed to determine nuclear
forces on a lattice1,2) . In this approach, now called
the HAL QCD method, nuclear forces are directly obtained from Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave functions calculated on the lattice. The method has been successfully extended to general hadron interactions such as
three-nucleon forces3) . See Ref.4) for a recent review.
For the quantitative determination of nuclear forces,
systematic uncertainties in lattice simulations should
be carefully examined, such as the eﬀect of discretization artifacts. There have been, however, no work that
performs the continuum extrapolation on nuclear interactions. The aim of this work is to perform the ﬁrst
systematic study for the lattice cutoﬀ dependence of
nuclear interactions.
We employ Nf = 2 conﬁgurations with clover
fermion generated by CP-PACS collaboration5) . The
measurements are performed at three lattice spacings,
a = 0.2150, 0.1555, 0.1076 fm. The physical lattice sizeis L3 ×T  (2.5 fm)3 ×5 fm, and the hadron masses are(mπ , mN )  (1.1, 2.2) GeV. The computational cost in
the Wick and color/spinor contractions is reduced by
the uniﬁed contraction algorithm6) . For details about
the simulation parameters, see Doi (2013)7) .
In Fig. 1, we plot the nuclear central potential in 1 S0channel for each lattice cutoﬀ. We observe that cutoﬀ
dependence is nonnegligible at short distances, while
it is suppressed at long distances. This is a naturalconsequence of the discretization being an intrinsicallyshort-range eﬀect. It is also interesting that repulsive
core is enhanced on a ﬁner lattice, which is consistent
with the study on the operator product expansion8) .
Although the lattice cutoﬀ dependence on potentials
looks sizable at short distances, such eﬀect is expected
to be suppressed in physical observables such as phaseshifts and scattering length, because of the phase spacefactor of ∝ r2 , as is shown in the inset of Fig. 1.
In order to quantitatively study the cutoﬀ eﬀect on
physical observables, we ﬁt the potential and solve the
Schrödinger equation in inﬁnite volume. In Fig. 2, weshow the preliminary results for the scattering length
against the lattice spacing a, with only a statistical error. Because the scattering length represents the lowenergy phenomena, the cutoﬀ dependence is found to

2
1
0
-1
-2

0

0.05

0.1

0.15
a [fm]

0.2

0.25

0.3

Fig. 2. Scattering length in 1 S0 channel against latticespacing a. Blue point corresponds to the result in
the continuum limit obtained by linear extrapolation
against a.

be negligible compared to the statistical errors. Detailed studies for the systematic uncertainties on phaseshifts and scattering length are in progress.
References
1) N. Ishii, S. Aoki and T. Hatsuda, Phys. Rev. Lett. 99(2007) 022001 [nucl-th/0611096].
2) S. Aoki, T. Hatsuda and N. Ishii, Prog. Theor. Phys.
123 (2010) 89 [arXiv:0909.5585 [hep-lat]].
3) T. Doi et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], Prog. Theor. Phys. 127(2012) 723 [arXiv:1106.2276 [hep-lat]].
4) S. Aoki et al. [HAL QCD Coll.], Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.
2012 (2012) 01A105 [arXiv:1206.5088 [hep-lat]].
5) A. Ali Khan et al. [CP-PACS Coll.], Phys. Rev. D 65
(2002) 054505 [E: D 67 (2003) 059901].
6) T. Doi and M. G. Endres, Comput. Phys. Commun.
184 (2013) 117 [arXiv:1205.0585 [hep-lat]].
7) T. Doi [HAL QCD Collaboration], PoS LAT2013, 226(2013), arXiv:1311.2697 [hep-lat].
8) S. Aoki, J. Balog and P. Weisz, JHEP 1005 (2010) 008[arXiv:1002.0977 [hep-lat]].

- 113 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nucleon axial charge in lattice QCD with nearly physical pion mass
Y. Aoki,∗1,∗2 T. Blum,∗3,∗2 T. Izubuchi,∗4,∗2 C. Jung,∗4,∗2 M.F. Lin,∗4,∗2 S. Ohta,∗5,∗6,∗2 S. Sasaki,∗7,∗2
E. Shintani,∗8,∗2 and T. Yamazaki∗1,∗2

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

Kobayashi-Maskawa Institute, Nagoya University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Physics Department, University of Connecticut
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboraotry
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK
Department of Particle and Nuclear Physics, SOKENDAI
Physics Department, Tohoku University
Physics Department, Mainz University

2

experiment: 1.2701(25)

1.5

gA/gV

We report the status of lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) calculations of nucleon isovector axial
and vector charges using the four recent domain-wall
fermions (DWF) ensembles with 2+1 dynamical flavors jointly generated by the RIKEN-BNL-Columbia(RBC) and UKQCD collaborations1) : the strangequark mass is set at physical value and degenerate upand down-quark mass is varied with the pion mass ofabout 420, 330, 250 and nearly physical 170 MeV.
Spontaneously broken chiral symmetry drives theaxial charge, gA , of nucleon away from its chiral partner, the vector charge, gV , to a larger value. The current experimental estimate of the ratio of these charges
is gA /gV = 1.2701(25)2) . This ratio is an important
quantity that not only determines neutron life time
but also the interaction of pion and nucleon throughthe Goldberger-Treiman relation3) , and hence nuclear
stability, syntheses and abundance. Numerical latticeQCD calculations underestimate the ratio by about 10%4–7) . The cause of this deficit is not known: insufficient lattice volumes4,7) and excited-state contaminations8) have been discussed as possible cause.
We have improved the statistical accuracy7) of ourcalculations so the statistical errors now stand ataround 4 %. The AMA method9) was important inachieving this for the pion mass of about 330 and 170
MeV. With these improved statistics we have now excluded excited-state contamination as the cause of the
deficit7) . On the other hand, in the two cases with thepion mass of 170 MeV and 330 MeV the ratio has beenfound to suffer from very long-range autocorrelation7) .
At 170 MeV the calculated charge ratio, gA /gV , starts
with a value that is statistically consistent with the experiment at the beginning quarter of the calculation,
but then monotonically decreases quarter by quarterto a value drastically low (see Fig. 1.) A similar but
less drastic autocorrelation has been observed at 330
MeV as well. This results in the observed deficit, but
we are yet to understand what causes this very longrange autocorrelation. We do not find such long-range
autocorrelation at 250 and 420 MeV: the autocorrelation for these two cases are much shorter-ranged.
The absence of a long-range autocorrelation atlighter pion mass of 250 MeV in contrast to the presence at heavier 330 MeV suggests this peculiar auto-

1

0.5

0

600

800

1000

1200

1400

trajectory

Fig. 1. Unusually long-range autocorrelation is seen in theisovector axial to vector charge ratio, gA /gV along thegauge-configuration generation history at mπ = 170
MeV and mπ L of about 4.0, slowly moving from consistent with experiment to drastically low. Similarly longrange autocorrelation has been seen in at mπ = 330
MeV and mπ L of about 4.5 as well, but not at 250
or 420 MeV that share mπ L of about 5.8. No otherobservable shows such a long-range autocorrelation.

correlation is related to insufficient lattice spatial volume. The finite-size effect can be parametrized by adimensionless product, mπ L, of the calculated pionmass, mπ , and linear spatial extent of the lattice, L4) :Indeed the autocorrelation is milder at 330 MeV withmπ L of about 4.5 than at 170 MeV with mπ L of about
4.0, and absent for 250- and 420-MeV with mπ L ofabout 5.87) . Thus the observed autocorrelations seemconsistent with finite-size scaling in terms of mπ L: thenucleon as seen by its isovector axialvector current orinteraction with pion may be much larger than its electric charge distribution indicates.
Though our statistics is still too low to conclude
more definitely, we captured an important clue toward
understanding the deficit, likely in its relation with thefinite-size effect that may scale with mπ L.
References
1) R. Arthur et al. Phys.Rev., D87:094514, 2013.
2) Particle Data Group, J. Beringer, et al. Phys. Rev.,
D86:010001, 2012. and 2013 partial update for 2014.
3) M.L. Goldberger and S.B. Treiman.
Phys.Rev.,
110:1178–1184, 1958.
4) T. Yamazaki et al. Phys.Rev.Lett., 100:171602, 2008.
5) H. Wittig. PoS, LATTICE2011:025, 2011.
6) H.-W. Lin. PoS, LATTICE2012:013, 2012.
7) S. Ohta. PoS, LATTICE2013:274, 2013.
8) S. Capitani et al. Phys.Rev., D86:074502, 2012.
9) T. Blum et al. Phys.Rev., D88:094503, 2013.

- 114 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Lattice QCD calculation of n − n̄ transition amplitudes
M. Buchoff,∗1 C. Schroeder,∗2 S. Syritsyn,∗3 B. Tiburzi,∗3,∗4 and J. Wasem∗5
In searches for physics beyond the Standard Model,
violation of baryon number conservation is an essential direction. The absence of experimental data on
baryon number violation has no known particle physics
principle beneath it and, on the other hand, would
be difficult to understand given the observed baryon
asymmetry of the Universe. Two important hypothetic
processes may signal the baryon number violation, one
is the proton decay changing the baryon number by∆B = 1 and the other is neutron-antineutron oscillation, ∆B = 2. A number of new experiments withstored neutrons and cold neutron beams have been
proposed to look for n − n̄ transitions. These experiments have potential to improve current bounds onsuch by a few orders of magnitude and, as a result,significantly improve bounds on beyond the Standard
Model physics.
Bounds on new physics, however, will strongly depend on uncertainties arising from hadron physics.
Symmetries of the Standard Model constrain the formof six-quark effective interaction that may turn theneutron into the antineutron1,2) , iT j  kT l  mT n suχ1 Cuχ1 dχ2 Cdχ2 dχ3 Cdχ3 ,O1 χ1 {χ2 χ3 } = Tijklmn
 iT j  kT l  mT n sO2 {χ1 χ2 }χ3 = Tijklmn uχ1 Cdχ1 uχ2 Cdχ2 dχ3 Cdχ3 , iT j  kT l  mT n aO3 {χ1 χ2 }χ3 = Tijklmn
uχ1 Cdχ1 uχ2 Cdχ2 dχ3 Cdχ3 ,where χ1,2,3 = L, R denote chiral components of thes,aare symmetric and antisymquark fields and Tijklmn
metric color tensors. Symmetry relations reduce thenumber of independent operators to 14, of which only
four are SU (2)L symmetric. So far, the correspondingn − n̄ amplitudes n̄|O|n have been computed only
using MIT Bag Model1) .
Advances in lattice QCD, a numerical approach toquantum field theory, only recently made it possible tocalculate such amplitudes directly. Preliminary results
by our collaboration are shown on Fig. 1, where they
are compared to the Bag Model calculation1) . We perform calculations on an anisotropic QCD lattices withsize ≈ (2.5 fm)3 ×9 fm and lattice spacing a = 0.123 fm.
Nf = 2 + 1 “light” and strange quark fields are simulated fully dynamically with O(a2 )-improved Wilson
action on anisotropic lattice3) such that the mass ofthe pion is mπ ≈ 390 fm. The overall normalization of
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

University of Washington, Dept. of Physics and Astronomy,
Institute for Nuclear Theory
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Life Sciences Division
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory
The City College of New York (CCNY), Department of
Physics
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, AX Division

our lattice QCD results is not known yet; however, thestochastic accuracy of individual amplitudes is surprisingly good. In addition, despite the fact that we use
unphysical heavy quarks so that mπ ≈ 390 MeV, therelative magnitude and signs agree very well with the
Bag Model.
Currently, our group is working on renormalizingthese effective operators on a lattice in order to findtheir overall factor. The next step is to repeat the calculation using chirally symmetric quarks at the physical point, which are currently possible due to advancesin lattice QCD. It is possible that renormalization, operator mixing and light quarks will change the “hierarchy” of operators in Fig. 1 considerably. In addition, the chiral symmetry-violating action we are currently using may lead to additional operator mixing,
and chirally-symmetric quark action may be necessary
to obtain correct results.
We are excited to report that, as our preliminary
results demonstrate, lattice QCD will likely remove
hadron physics uncertainties from interpreting futuren − n̄ oscillation searches.
O1χ{χχ}O1χ{χη}O1χ{ηη}O2{χχ}χ

MIT Bag (Fit A)
MIT Bag (Fit B)
Lattice prelim

O2{χχ}η
O2{χη}χ
O3{χη}χ
−1.0

−0.5
0.0
O/|O1 χ{χχ}|0.5

Fig. 1. Comparison of “hierarchy” of matrix elements of 7
different n − n̄ operators, ({χ, η} = {R, L} or {L, R}),in our calculation to the Bag Model1) . Since the latticerenormalization factors are not yet known, we normalize
results by |O1χ{χχ} | in each case in order to compare
relative size of the matrix elements.

References
1) S. Rao and R. Shrock: Phys.Lett. B116, 238 (1982).
2) W. E. Caswell, J. Milutinovic, and G. Senjanovic:
Phys.Lett. B122, 373 (1983).
3) R. G. Edwards, B. Joo, and H.-W. Lin.: Phys.Rev.
D78:054501 (2008).

- 115 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Columbia plot and ’t Hooft loop at imaginary chemical potential†
K. Kashiwa∗1 and R. D. Pisarski∗1∗2
The investigation of the phase structure in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) at finite temperature(T ) and real chemical potential (µR ) is an important
subject in the particle and nuclear physics. If we obtain
the QCD phase diagram from first-principles calculations, the phase structure would be clear, in principle.
First-principles calculations such as the lattice QCD(LQCD) simulation, however, has a sign problem atfinite µR , and it is therefore not feasible there. Even if
we use several methods and approximations, we cannot
reach the µR /T ≥ 1 region. Therefore, several effective models such as the Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model
are widely used to investigate QCD phase diagrams.
The effective model approach, however, has large ambiguities. Therefore, at the present, we cannot obtain areliable phase diagram at finite µR by using the lattice
QCD simulation and effective model approach.
To overcome this problem, we consider the imaginary chemical potential (µI ). At finite µI , there is nosign problem, and thus we can successfully perform the
LQCD simulation. In fact, phase structures have already been investigated by lattice QCD simulations;for example, see References2,3) . In addition, it is possible to prove that the µI region has almost all theinformation of the µR region1) . QCD has some characteristic properties at finite µI . One of the characteristic properties is the Roberge-Weiss (RW) periodicity,which is the special 2π/3 periodicity along the µI /Taxis. This periodicity is a remnant of the Z3 symmetry in the pure gauge limit. Also, the RW transition
and its endpoint which is called the RW endpoint are
expected at finite T in the µI region. This means that
we can obtain some important constraints for model
design from these special properties of QCD.
In this study, we consider the heavy-quark mass
region, which corresponds to the upper part of theColumbia plot. The Colombia plot is the figure drawn
as a function of the light-quark and strange-quark
masses and shows the phase boundary. In the paper,
we reported the following three results:(1) ’t Hooft loop can be well defined at the RW endpoint.
(2) Model ambiguities can appear largely at the RW
endpoint.
(3) Thermodynamics with imaginary chemical potential shows unexpected behavior comparing tostandard thermodynamics.

transition at finite T in the pure-gauge limit. It is
known that this quantity cannot be well defined in
the system with dynamical quarks4,5) . In the calculation of the ’t Hooft loop, we should set different Z3
images (charges) at the boundary of the box and consider its surface. If the potential energies in both sidesof the surface are different, there is a force that modifies the surface, and thus the ’t Hooft loop cannot bewell defined. However, we showed that the effective
Z3 charges are identical at two of the Z3 images, andthus the ’t Hooft loop can be well defined at the RW
endpoint for degenerate Z3 images because there is noforce to modify the surface.
The Columbia plot at the heavy-quark mass region
was calculated by using the matrix model for deconfinement and the logarithmic-type Polyakov-loop effective potential for describing the deconfinement transition by the Polyakov loop. Those models are lowenergy effective models of QCD. In the case of thematrix model, there is a phase boundary that separates the first-order and second-order transition regions. Conversely, the logarithmic-type Polyakov-loop
effective potential does not have any phase boundary
down to 1 GeV. Therefore, there exists a large model
dependence in the upper part of the Columbia plot at
the RW endpoint.
Several thermodynamic quantities, such as the pressure, energy density, quark number density, entropy
density, and interaction measure, are calculated byusing the matrix model for deconfinement. We observed that the energy density and interaction measure
show unexpected behavior near the RW transition line,
which is induced by the contribution of the quark number density. This behavior can be exploited to remove
the model ambiguities when accurate lattice QCD data
will be available in the future.
References
1) A. Roberge and N. Weiss: Nucl. Phys. B275, 734(1986).
2) P. de Forcrand and O. Philipsen: Nucl. Phys. B642,
290 (2002).
3) M. D’Elia, S. Mukherjee, F. Sanfilippo: Phys. Rev. D
82, 051501 (2010).
4) C. Korthals-Altes, A. Kovner, M. A. Stephanov: Phys.
Lett. B 469, 205 (1999).
5) C. Korthals-Altes and A. Kovner: Phys. Rev. D 62,
096008 (2000).

The ’t Hooft-loop is related with the deconfinement†∗1∗2

Condensed from article in Phys. Rev. D 87, 096009 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory- 116 -

Ⅱ-5. Hadron Physics (Theory)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Progress towards an ab initio, Standard Model calculation of direct
CP-violation in K-decays
C. Kelly∗1
Direct CP-violation in K → ππ decays manifests as adifference in phase between the decay amplitudes in the
I = 2 and I = 0 channels and is parameterized experimentally as ǫ′ . This quantity is extremely sensitive to
Beyond the Standard Model sources of CP-violation;
therefore, an accurate Standard Model calculation isgreatly desired. As low-energy strong interactions play
an important role, use of lattice QCD is required to
study these processes. Although ǫ′ has been known
experimentally since the late 1990’s, it is only recently
that the techniques and raw computing power for performing a realistic first-principles calculation have become available. The main technical difficulty is finding
a strategy for obtaining an energy conserving decay
because only the ground state is easily accessible inlattice calculations. The lowest-energy two-pion statecomprises stationary pions, and its energy (assuming
physical quark masses) is only 270 MeV, far below the
500 MeV mass of the kaon.
The RBC and UKQCD collaborations have successfully performed calculations of the I = 2 channel amplitude1,2) , solving the issue of obtaining physical kinematics by modifying the lattice boundary conditions(BC) of the down quarks from periodic to antiperiodic such that the charged-pion ground state is moving. Unfortunately this manifestly breaks the isospin
symmetry. For the I = 2 decay, it is possible to relate
the amplitude to an unphysical one in which the final
state cannot mix with other isospin states, but thiscannot be performed for the I = 0 decay. Instead, we
intend to use G-parity boundary conditions (GPBC).
G-parity is a combination of charge conjugation and
an isospin rotation by π radians about the y-axis. Bothcharged and neutral pions are eigenstates of this operation with eigenvalue −1; hence, its application at
a spatial boundary causes the pion states to become
antiperiodic in that direction, removing the stationary
ground state. However, in this setup, operators involving both strange and light quarks cannot be combined to form G-parity eigenstates e.g., the K 0 states̄d transforms to the unphysical s̄ū state at the boundary. We solve this issue by placing the s-quark in an
isospin doublet with a fictional degenerate partner, referred to as s′ , and impose GPBC on this pair. We canthen form a state, K̃ = √12 (s̄d+ ūs′ ), which is an eigenstate of G-parity with eigenvalue +1, and thus has astationary ground state. For the K → ππ measurement the effects of the fictional state ūs′ are expected
to be small as it must propagate across the boundary∗1

Fig. 1.: Top: the pion and kaon energies, respectively
as a function of the number of G-parity directions(twists), overlaid by the expected continuum dispersion relations. Bottom: BK as a function of the number of G-parity directions.
to interact with the decay operator.
To demonstrate that the GPBC have the desired
effect, we generated several fully dynamical ensembles
with a relatively small volume and a large (420 MeV)
pion mass, with GPBC in zero, one, and two directions,each with periodic BC in the remaining directions. In
Fig. 1, we plot the measured pion and kaon energies
as the number of directions with GPBC is increased.
We observe that the pion energies agree well with thecontinuum dispersion relation and that stationary kaonstates can be produced in this framework. Because thequantity BK , which represents the amplitude of mixing
between neutral kaon states via the weak interaction,
involves only kaons, we expect it will remain constantas we change the number of directions with GPBC; weobserve that this is indeed the case.
We have since began generating a fully dynamical ensemble with a large volume and physical quark
masses using the USQCD collaboration’s IBM Bluegene/Q machine at BNL, and we expect to soon begin
measurements. Once completed, the results can be
combined with those for the I = 2 channel to finallyobtain a first-principles value for ǫ′ .
References
1) T. Blum et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 141601
2) T. Blum et al., Phys. Rev. D 86 (2012) 074513

RIKEN Nishina Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory- 117 -

6. Particle Physics

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Improved estimate of neutral B meson mixing
in static limit of b quark with AMA technique
T. Ishikawa,∗1 Y. Aoki,∗2,∗1 T. Izubuchi,∗3,∗1 C. Lehner∗3 and A. Soni∗3 (for RBC Collaboration)

∗1
∗2
∗3

before AMA

290

χ /d.o.f. = 1.5

250

fB [MeV]fB [MeV]

260

250
240
24c, HYP1
24c, HYP2
32c, HYP1
32c, HYP2
cont, phys

220
210
200
190

0

χ /d.o.f. = 2.6
p-val = 0.02

270

260

230

2

280

p-val = 0.17

270

AMA

290

2

280

240
230

24c, HYP1
24c, HYP2
32c, HYP1
32c, HYP2
cont, phys

220
210
200
190

10
20
ml+mres [MeV]

0

10
20
ml+mres [MeV]

before AMA
χ /d.o.f. = 0.3

5p-val = 0.92

4

4

4

AMA

2

3

2

1
0

MB [(GeV) ]5

MB [(GeV) ]The Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix
plays a key role in elementary particle physics, andconstraints on the elements Vts and Vtd can be obtained from B 0 − B 0 mixing. Treatments of b quark on
the lattice QCD are, however, challenging because ofa multi-scale problem where a large hierarchy in mass
exists between light quarks (u and d) and b quark. A
solution to this problem is using Heavy Quark Eﬀective
Theory (HQET), in which the theory is expanded by
1/mb , where mb is b quark mass. The leading order ofthe HQET is a static approximation of the b quark andis the formulation used in this work. While the static
approximation is known to have O(ΛQCD /mb ) ∼ 10%
uncertainty, it is useful for an interpolation strategy,
where the physical b quark mass point (∼ 4.2 GeV) isreached by the interpolation between the static limit
and simulations in the lower quark mass region (cquark mass region). For this purpose, high precisioncalculations in the static limit are required.
RBC/UKQCD Collaboration has worked on suchcalculations for several years 1)2)3) . While we havesuccessfully improved the estimate, the statistical error remains a major part of the total uncertainty. Recently, an eﬃcient method called All-Mode-Averaging(AMA)4) has been proposed for signiﬁcantly reducing
the statistical error. The AMA technique is an operator improvement using symmetries on the action andapproximations. The most useful symmetry is translational invariance of space-time. The idea involves
locating many source points in the measurement, butusing an approximation in obtaining quark propagators to reduce computational cost. As an approximation, we use a sloppy CG, where its stopping condition
is relaxed. A crucial point here is the existence ofcorrelation between the original and the approximatedoperators; thus, we choose the stopping condition sothat the good correlation is kept, but the computational cost is reduced signiﬁcantly. We also note thata low-mode deﬂation technique helps the cost reduction in addition to enhancement of the correlation in
the AMA procedure.
In Fig. 1, we show chiral and continuum extrapolation of the B meson decay constant fB and the neutral
B meson mixing matrix element MB without and with
AMA. We use gluon ensembles with two lattice spacings, which are depicted as “24c” (coarse) and “32c”(ﬁne). “HYP1” and “HYP2” represent link smearingsin the static b action, whose results should coincide24c, HYP1
24c, HYP2
32c, HYP1
32c, HYP2
cont, phys1020
ml+mres [MeV]2

χ /d.o.f. = 1.0
p-val = 0.41

4

3

2

1
0

24c, HYP1
24c, HYP2
32c, HYP1
32c, HYP2
cont, phys1020
ml+mres [MeV]Fig. 1. Chiral and continuum extrapolation of fB and MB .

each other in the continuum limit. To obtain the AMA
results approximately 30% − 40% cost increase is required from the original one (“before AMA” in theﬁgures). A remarkable improvement in statistics is obtained compared with the small increase in the cost.
At the physical point of light quark mass and in thecontinuum limit, the central values only slightly moveby using the AMA; the statistical errors are, however,signiﬁcantly reduced. In addition, the improvement
makes a qualitative fact clear: the results with HYP2
smearing have very small scaling violation. We conclude that the AMA technique has potential to enable
us to reach statistically decisive results.
References
1) V. Gadiyak and O. Loktik, Phys. Rev. D 72, 114504(2005).
2) C. Albertus et al., Phys. Rev. D 82, 014505 (2010).
3) T. Ishikawa et al., LATTICE2013:410, 2013.
4) T. Blum et al., Phys. Rev. D 88, 094503 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Nagoya University, KMI
Brookhaven National Laboratory- 119 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Lorentz invariant CPT violation†
M. Chaichian,∗1 K. Fujikawa,∗2 and A. Tureanu∗1
A Lorentz invariant CPT violation, which may betermed as the long distance CPT violation in contrast
to the familiar short distance CPT violation, has been
recently proposed1) . This scheme is based on the nonlocal interaction vertex and characterized by the infrared divergent form factor. We show that Lorentz
covariant T ⋆ -product is consistently defined and theenergy-momentum conservation is preserved in perturbation theory if the path integral is suitably defined forthis non-local theory, although unitarity is generally
lost. It is illustrated that T-violation is realized in the
decay and formation processes. It is also argued thatthe equality of masses and decay widths of the particle and anti-particle is preserved if the non-local CPT
violation is incorporated either directly or as perturbation by starting with the conventional CPT-even local
Lagrangian. However, we also explicitly show that thepresent non-local scheme can induce the splitting ofparticle and anti-particle mass eigenvalues if one considers a more general class of Lagrangians.
We study the specific realization of CPT violation1
L = ψ̄(x)[iγ µ ∂µ − M ]ψ(x) + ∂µ ϕ(x)∂ µ ϕ(x)2
1 2
2
− m ϕ(x) + g ψ̄(x)ψ(x)ϕ(x) − V (ϕ)
2∫+ g1 ψ̄(x)ψ(x)d4 yθ(x0 − y 0 )δ((x − y)2 − l2 )ϕ(y)as a main theoretical model. This Lagrangian is formally hermitian and the term with a small real g1 andthe step function θ(x0 − y 0 ) stands for the CTP and
T violating interaction; l is a real constant parameter.
It is interesting that the CPT and T violating term isreal in the present case. We define the interaction part
LI = g ψ̄(x)ψ(x)ϕ(x)∫+ g1 ψ̄(x)ψ(x) d4 yθ(x0 − y 0 )δ((x − y)2 − l2 )ϕ(y).
We treat this highly non-local Lagrangian in path integral as described in2) .Namely⟨0, +∞|0, −∞⟩J∫∫
= Dψ̄DψDϕ exp{i d4 x[L0 + LI + LJ ]}(i)n ⟨T ⋆ ϕ(x1 )..ϕ(xN )∗1∗2

d4 y1 LI (y1 )..

∫d4 yn LI (yn )⟩.

We use the T ⋆ -product which is essential to make thepath integral on the basis of Schwinger’s action principle consistent2) .
The present way to introduce CPT violation is basedon an extra form factor in momentum space as∫=

d4 xψ̄(x)ψ(x)∫∫d4 yθ(x0 − y 0 )δ((x − y)2 − l2 )ϕ(y)dp1 dp2 dq(2π)4 δ 4 (p1 + p2 + q)ψ̄(p1 )ψ(p2 )f (q)ϕ(q)with
f (q) ≡∫

d4 zθ(z 0 )δ(z 2 − l2 )eiqz

namely, CPT violation is realized by a form factor f (q)which becomes complex for time-like momentum. The
ordinary local field theory is characterized by f (q) = 1.
The above form factor is infrared divergent, and it isquadratically divergent in the present example. This
infrared divergence arises from the fact that we cannot divide Minkowski space into (time-like) domains
with finite 4-dimensional volumes in a Lorentz invariant manner. The Minkowski space is hyperbolic rather
than elliptic. CPT symmetry is related to the fundamental structure of Minkowski space, and thus it isgratifying that its possible breaking is also related tothe basic property of Minkowski space.
Based on this setting, we confirmed the followings:
1. The present model produces T-violation in the decay ϕ → ψ + ψ̄ and its reversed formation processψ + ψ̄ → ϕ.
2. The equality of masses and decay widths of theparticle and anti-particle is preserved if the non-local
CPT violation is incorporated either directly or as perturbation by starting with the conventional CPT-even
local Lagrangian.
Some of the more realistic applications of the present
CPT violation scheme to the particle-antiparticle mass
splitting, inparticular, the neutrino-antineutrino mass
splitting in the standard model have been already dicussed elsewhere3,4) .
Referenceswith the source term LJ = ψ̄(x)η(x) + η̄(x)ψ(x) +ϕ(x)J(x), and one may generate Green’s functions ina power series expansion of perturbation as†∫

Condensed from the article in Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2349
(2013).
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki,
RIKEN Nishina Center- 120 -

1) M. Chaichian, A.D. Dolgov, V.A. Novikov and A.
Tureanu, Phys. Lett. B699 (2011) 177.
2) K. Fujikawa, Phys. Rev. D70 (2004) 085006.
3) M. Chaichian, K. Fujikawa and A. Tureanu, Phys.
Lett. B 712, 115 (2012).
4) M. Chaichian, K. Fujikawa and A. Tureanu, Phys.
Lett. B 718,178 (2012).

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Conditionally valid uncertainty relations†
K. Fujikawa∗1
It is shown that the well-deﬁned unbiased measurement or disturbance of a dynamical variable is not
maintained for the precise measurement of the conjugate variable, independently of uncertainty relations.
The conditionally valid uncertainty relations on the basis of those additional assumptions, which include mostof the familiar Heisenberg-type relations, thus become
singular for the precise measurement. We clarify some
contradicting conclusions in the literature concerning
those conditionally valid uncertainty relations: The
failure of a naive Heisenberg-type error-disturbance
relation and the modiﬁed Arthurs-Kelly relation in
the recent spin measurement is attributed to thissingular behavior. The naive Heisenberg-type errordisturbance relation is formally preserved in quantum
estimation theory, which is shown to be based on thestrict unbiased measurement and disturbance, but it
leads to unbounded disturbance for bounded operatorssuch as spin variables. In contrast, the Heisenbergtype error-error uncertainty relation and the ArthursKelly relation, as conditionally valid uncertainty relations, are expected to be consistently maintained.
A recent experiment1) , which invalidated a naive
Heisenberg-type error-disturbance relation2) , revived
our interest in the subject of uncertainty relations. In contrast to the naive Heisenberg-type errordisturbance relation, the relations which are based on
only the positive deﬁnite Hilbert space and naturalcommutator algebra are expected to be valid as longas quantum mechanics is valid, namely, ”universally
valid”2)3) . It was recently shown4) that all the known
universally valid uncertainty relations are derived from
Robertson’s relation written for suitable combinationsof operators. It is important to distinguish the uncertainty relations which are universally valid from thoserelations based on additional assumptions and thus
only conditionally valid.
In this paper, we analyze the implications of the assumptions of unbiased joint measurements or unbiased
measurement and disturbance which are widely usedin the formulation of uncertainty relations5) . We clarify the origin of quite diﬀerent conclusions concerning
the conditionally valid Heisenberg-type relations in themeasurement operator formalism2) and in the quantum estimation theory6) which is a new approach touncertainty relations.
We ﬁrst note that the well-deﬁned unbiased measurement or disturbance of a quantum mechanical op†∗1

erator is not maintained for the precise measurementof the conjugate operator in the framework of the ordinary measurement theory. For example, those assumptions lead to⟨[M out , N out ]⟩ = ⟨[A, B]⟩,⟨[M out , B out ]⟩ = ⟨[A, B]⟩.

(1)

We work in the Heisenberg picture and the variables without any suﬃx stand for the initial variables; A, B stand for dynamical variables and M, N
stand for the corresponding measurement operators,
respectively. The variables M out = U † (1 ⊗ M )U andN out = U † (1 ⊗ N )U stand for the variables after themeasurement, and B out = U † (B ⊗ 1)U stands for thevariable B after the measurement of A. By assumption, ⟨[M out , N out ]⟩ = ⟨[M out , B out ]⟩ = 0, and thus
relations in (1) are contradictions.
The conditionally valid uncertainty relation such as
naive Heisenberg-type error-disturbance relation1)2) ,1|⟨[A, B]⟩|,(2)2which is based on the assumptions of unbiased measurement and disturbance, thus fails if one formulates
the relation in terms of well-deﬁned bounded operators. The naive Heisenberg-type error-disturbance
relation is formally preserved in quantum estimation
theory, but the disturbance of the bounded operator
is forced to be singular and divergent for the precise
measurement of the conjugate variable6) .
In contrast, the Heisenberg-type error-error uncertainty relationσ(M out − A)σ(B out − B) ≥σ(M out − A)σ(N out − B) ≥1|⟨[A, B]⟩|,2(3)

and the Arthurs-Kelly relation,σ(M out )σ(N out ) ≥ |⟨[A, B]⟩|,(4)

as conditionally valid uncertainty relations, are expected to be consistently maintained.
References

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. A88, 012126(2013).
RIKEN Nishina Center- 121 -

1) J. Erhart, S. Sponar, G. Sulyok, G. Badurek, M.
Ozawa and Y. Hasegawa, Nature Phys. 8, 185 (2012).
2) M. Ozawa, Phys. Rev. A 67, 042105 (2003).
3) K. Fujikawa, Phys. Rev. A85, 062117 (2012).
4) K. Fujikawa and K. Umetsu, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.,
013A03 (2013).
5) E. Arthurs and J.L. Kelly Jr, Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 44,725 (1965).
6) Y. Watanabe, T. Sagawa and M. Ueda, Phys. Rev. A
84, 042121 (2011).
Y. Watanabe and M. Ueda, arXiv:1106.2526[quantph].

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Heisenberg uncertainty relation revisited†
K. Fujikawa∗1
Kennard and Robertson formulated the uncertainty
relation which appears in any textbook on quantum
mechanics
σ(A)σ(B) ≥1|⟨[A, B]⟩|.
2⟨M out ⟩ = ⟨A⟩(2)

for any state of the system ψ in the total Hilbert spaceof the system and apparatus |ψ⟩⊗|ξ⟩ in the Heisenberg
picture. Here variables M and N (and also A and B)
stand for the variables before the measurement, andthe variable M out = U † M U stands for the apparatus
M after measurement.
Traditionally, it has been common to take the relation2)
1|⟨[A, B]⟩|2

(3)

as the naive Heisenberg error-disturbance relation; we
use the adjective ”naive” since no reliable derivationof this relation is known. An elegant experiment ofspin measurement by J. Erhart et al.3) , invalidated
the naive Heisenberg-type error-disturbance relation,
which initiated the recent activities on uncertainty relations.
It is shown that all the uncertainty relations are derived from suitably defined Robertson’s relation4) . We
start with Robertson’s relationσ(M out − A)σ(B out − B)1≥ |⟨[M out − A, B out − B]⟩|
2

{σ(M out − A) + σ(A)}{σ(B out − B) + σ(B)}≥ |⟨[A, B]⟩|.

∗1

(7)

We thus conclude that all the known universally valid
relations are the secondary consequences of Robertson’s relation. Also, the saturation of Robertson’s relation is a necessary condition of the saturation of universally valid uncertainty relations. If one assumes theunbiased measurement and disturbance, one obtains(3).
By assuming unbiased joint measurements, we conclude6)⟨[A, B]⟩ = ⟨[M out , N out ]⟩ = 0(8)which is a contradiction since ⟨[A, B]⟩ ≠ 0 in general.
Similarly, one concludes6)⟨[A, B]⟩ = ⟨[M out , B out ]⟩ = 0(9)

if one assumes the precise measurement of A and theunbiased disturbance of B which implies ⟨B out − B⟩ =0 for all ψ. Here B out = U † (B ⊗ 1)U stands for thevariable B after the measurement of A. Note that
[M out , B out ] = [M, B] = 0.
We interpret the algebraic inconsistency (9) as anindication of the failure of the assumption of unbiased
disturbance of B for the precise projective measurement of A, if all the operators involved are well-defined.
Thus the naive relation (3) fails. On the other hand,the Heisenberg error-error relationϵ(M out − A)ϵ(N out − B) ≥1|⟨[A, B]⟩|2σ(M out )σ(N out ) ≥ |⟨[A, B]⟩|

(4)

(10)

(5)

(11)

are expected to be valid as conditionally valid uncertainty relations. In this case the apparatus variable
N out becomes singular for the precise measurement ofA, namely, M out −A → 0 if the unbiasedness condition⟨N out − B⟩ = 0 is imposed.
Referenceswhere we used [M out , B out ] = [M, B] = 0. Using thevariations of Robertson’s relation, we obtain2)†(6)

and the Arthurs-Kelly relation

and use the triangle inequalityσ(M out − A)σ(B out − B)1≥ {|⟨[A, B]⟩| − |⟨[A, B out − B]⟩|
2−|⟨[M out − A, B]⟩|},

1|⟨[A, B]⟩|,
2

and5)

(1)

Another important development in the history of uncertainty relations is the analysis of Arthurs and
Kelly1) . They introduce the measuring apparatus M
for A, and N for B, respectively, with [M, N ] = 0. The
notion of unbiased measurement is important in theiranalysis, which is defined byσ(M out − A)σ(B out − B) ≥+σ(A)σ(B out − B) ≥σ(M out − A)σ(B out − B) + σ(M out − A)σ(B)Condensed from the article in Int. J. Mod. Phys. A29
1450016 (2014). Invited talk given at Dyson Festivity, Singapore, August 26-29 (2013).
RIKEN Nishina Center- 122 -

1) E. Arthurs and J.L. Kelly Jr, Bell. Syst. Tech. J. 44,725 (1965).
2) M. Ozawa, Phys. Rev. A67, 042105 (2003).
3) J. Erhart, et al., Nature Phys. 8, 185 (2012).
4) K. Fujikawa and K. Umetsu, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.,
013A03 (2013).
5) K. Fujikawa, Phys. Rev. A85, 062117 (2012).
6) K. Fujikawa, Phys. Rev. A88, 012126 (2013).

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Note on intersecting branes in topological strings
T. Kimura∗1
The intersection of branes is an important object
in string theory, in order to study non-perturbative
aspects of branes, and also its applicatioins to quantum
field theory. In this report we investigate some aspectsof the intersecting branes in topological string theory,
especially through its matrix model description.
We consider the topological B-model on the CalabiYau threefold uv − H(p, x) = 0 with H(p, x) = p2 −W  (x)2 − f (x). This geometry realizes at the large N
limit of the matrix model with the potential function
W (x). There are seemingly two kinds of non-compact
branes in the topological B-model, which correspond tothe characteristic polynomial and the external sourcein the matrix model.1) They play a role of the creation operator of branes for x and p coordinates, respectively. By considering both kinds of the branes
simultaneously, we can discuss intersection of branes
in the B-model. The corresponding matrix model partition function ΨN, M ({aj }; {λα }) is given by1dX e− gs TrW (X)+TrAX
N ×N

M


α=1

det(λα − X) .

(1)

This is the M -point function of characteristic polynomials in N × N Hermitian matrix model with external source A. In order to evaluate the partition function (1), we first rewrite it only in terms of eigenvalues
by integrating out the angular part of the matrix X.
Then, after some calculations, we obtain the determinantal expression of the partition function1
Qj−1 (ak ) QN +α−1 (ak )
det
, (2)
Pj−1 (λβ ) PN +α−1 (λβ )∆(a)∆(λ)
where ∆(x) = i<j (xi − xj ) is the Vandermonde determinant, and Pk (x) = xk + · · · is arbitrary k-th
monic polynomial. The function Qk (a) is the Fourier
1(Laplace) transform of Pk (x) e− gs W (x) . Therefore,
from the expression (2), we can see an explicit duality
between a and λ through the Fourier transformation.
In terms of the topological strings, this duality reflects
the symplectic invariance of the canonical pair (p, x)
in the B-model, which is also seen as the open/closed
string duality. We also note that this kind of symplectic invariance appears quite generally in the topologicalexpansion of the spectral curve.
If we apply the Gaussian potential, two functions
Pk (x) and Qk (x) are essentially equivalent, since it isself-dual against the Fourier transformation. In thiscase we can rewrite the partition function in terms ofU(N )×U(M ) bifundamental chiral fermions, which areseen as effective degrees of freedom on the intersecting∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center

branes. The corresponding effective action is given bygs
Seff = ψiα ψ̄jα ψjβ ψ̄iβ + TrAψ α ψ̄ α − TrΛψj ψ̄j , (3)2In this expression the duality between A and Λ is manifest. In this action the full symmetry of U(N )×U(M )is partially broken due to the source terms.
Let us then comment on the integrability of thebrane intersection partition function (2). This kind ofdeterminantal formula generically plays a role as theτ -function,2) and satisfies the Toda lattice equation bytaking the equal parameter limit. To show that, we
now consider the equal position limit of (2) as aj → aand λα → λ. Then we have


M −1
N
−1
(k−1)
(k−1)

1  1
Qj−1 (a) QN +α−1 (a)
det
.(4)
(β−1)
(β−1)
j! α=0 α!
Pj−1 (λ) PN +α−1 (λ)
j=0This is just a hybritized version of Wronskian. If weapply the simplest choice Pk (x) = xk , Qk (a) is justgiven as k-th derivative of the generalized Airy function
 k 1d
Qk (a) =dx e− gs W (x)+ax .
(5)daApplying the Jacobi identity for determinants to theexpression (4), we obtain the following 3-term reccurence relations
Ψ̃N +1, M · Ψ̃N −1, MN ∂2=
log Ψ̃N, M ,

2
M ∂a2
Ψ̃N, M∂2
Ψ̃N, M +1 · Ψ̃N, M −1
log Ψ̃N, M .
=

2
∂a∂λ
Ψ̃N, M(6)(7)

where we have rescaled the partition function asΨ̃N, M (a, λ) = e−λ ΨN, M (a, λ). The equations (6) and(7) are the Toda lattice equations in one and two dimensions. This means that the brane intersection partition function is the τ -function for the Toda latticehierarchy in both senses. We can also introduce infinitely many “time” variables for this τ -function in
the Miwa coordinate
11tn = Tr A−n , t̃n = Tr Λ−n .
(8)nn
If we take the large N limit of the matrix model, whichcorresponds to the continuum limit of the Toda lattice
equation, we obtain the KdV/KP integrable equations.
References
1) M. Aganagic, R. Dijkgraaf, A. Klemm, M. Mariño,
C. Vafa, Commun. Math. Phys. 261 (2006) 451–516.
2) A. Morozov, Phys. Usp. 37 (1994) 1–55.

- 123 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Non-Lagrangian theories from brane junctions †L. Bao,∗1 V. Mitev,∗2 E. Pomoni,∗3 M. Taki∗4 and F. Yagi∗5
In a seminal article1) , Gaiotto argued that a large
class, called class S, of N = 2 superconformal ﬁeld theories (SCFT) in four dimensions (4D) can be obtainedby a twisted compactiﬁcation of a 6D (2, 0) SCFT on
a Riemann surface of genus g with n punctures. The
building blocks of the class S theories are tubes andpairs of pants that correspond to gauge groups andmatter multiplets, respectively. Subsequently, a relation between the partition functions of the N = 2
SU (N ) gauge theories and the correlation functions of
the 2D AN −1 Toda CFTs was proposed.2) Computation of 2-point and 3-point functions in a CFT would
in principle yield a complete understanding of the npoint functions.
It is important to note that there is a fundamental
diﬀerence between the SU (2) and the SU (N ), N > 2,
cases. For the SU (2) quiver gauge theories2) that are
related to the 2D Liouville CFT, there is only one typeof puncture on the Riemann surface and hence the Liouville CFT has only one class of 2D 3-point functions
to be calculated. On the other hand, the SU (N ) casewith N > 2 has more than one kind of puncture. So
far, the case with three special SU (N ) punctures TN
has remained elusive, since neither the TN Nekrasov
partition functions nor the Toda three-point correlators are known. The situation is further aggravatedby the fact that the corresponding 4D theories do nothave a Lagrangian description. Even though there is
no known Lagrangian description of the 4D TN theories, we are able to obtain the partition functions fortheir 5D uplift3) using topological strings on the dual
geometry of the 5-brane junctions.
In this paper, we compute the Nekrasov partition
functions of the TN junctions as reﬁned topologicalstring partition functions.4) At this point, we make useof the quite recent conjecture of Iqbal and Vafa5) thatsays that the 5D superconformal index, which is thepartition function on S 4 × S 1 , can be obtained fromthe 5D Nekrasov partition function and thus from the
topological string partition function∫∫
5D
I 5D = da |ZNek(a)|2 ∝ da |Ztop (a)|2 .
(1)

coincide with those of Kim et al.,6) computed via localization. When parallel external 5-brane legs appear
in the toric web diagram, the corresponding partition
functions contain extra degrees of freedom. In contrast
to the massive spectrum in 5D, which forms a representation of the Wigner little group SU (2)×SU (2), referred to as the full spin content representation, these
extra states do not transform as a correct representation under the Poincaré symmetry. Therefore, we callthem non-full spin content contributions. We interpret this part as the contribution to the extra degrees
of freedom appearing from the parallel 5-branes explained above. It should therefore be removed. To
obtain the superconformal index from the topological string partition function, we have to eliminate all
the non-full spin content from the partition function.
Schematically, the partition function can be expressed
as a sum of Young diagrams assigned to the productof strip geometries as

The E6 superconformal index is obtained from theT3 Nekrasov partition function by using the idea presented in Iqbal and Vafa,5) and we ﬁnd that the results

1) D. Gaiotto: JHEP 1208, 034 (2012) [arXiv:0904.2715[hep-th]].
2) L. F. Alday, D. Gaiotto, and Y. Tachikawa,
Lett.Math.Phys. 91, 167–197 (2010).
3) F. Benini, S. Benvenuti, and Y. Tachikawa, JHEP 0909,
052 (2009).
4) A. Iqbal, C. Kozcaz, and C. Vafa, JHEP 10, 069 (2009).
5) A. Iqbal and C. Vafa, arXiv:1210.3605.
6) H.-C. Kim, S.-S. Kim, and K. Lee, JHEP 1210, 142(2012).

†

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

arXiv:1301.0721
Chalmers University of Technology
Institut für Mathematik und Institut für Physik, HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin
DESY Theory GroupRIKEN Nishina Center
Korea Institute for Advanced Studyr

ZTN =

1
Znon-full spin

N
∑∏
strip
Zi
(Y ) .
Y(2)

i=1

The factor Znon-full spin is the BPS spectrum, which
does not form a representation of the Poincaré symmetry, and Z strip is the partition function of the strip
geometry.
Finally, the 5D version of the AGTW relation, whichsuggests that the 5D Nekrasov partition functions areequal to the conformal block of q-deformed WN Toda,
implies the following relation between the superconformal index and the correlation functions of the corresponding q-deformed Toda ﬁeld theory:
∫
�
�2
� 5D
�
I 5D (x, y) = [da]�ZNek(a, m, β, 1,2 )�∝ Vα1 (z1 ) · · · Vαn (zn )q-Toda .

(3)This is an important entry in the dictionary of the
5D/2D AGTW correspondence. The partition functions of the TN brane junctions predict, up to an overall coeﬃcient, the corresponding DOZZ formula for thethree-point functions.
References- 124 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Holomorphic blocks for 3D non-Abelian partition functions†
M. Taki∗1
The pioneering work by Pestun1) on the partition
function of four-dimensional (4D) N = 2 theories has
served as a trigger for great progress on localization
computation of supersymmetric gauge theories in diverse dimensions and on various manifolds. The localization of three-dimensional (3D) theories is a recent
focus of research. Kapustin, Willett, and Yaakov2) extended Pestun’s idea to gauge theories on S 3 , and theyobtained matrix model representations for the supersymmetric partition functions of these theories. We
can solve these matrix-models in the large-N limit; forinstance, the ABJM partition function was computed
by Drukker, Marino, and Putrov3) . They found thatthe free energy of the ABJM theory actually shows
the N 3/2 scaling behavior, which had been suggested
in the AdS/CFT argument. This result is a typicalexample of the power of the localization approach.
The eﬃciency of localization reaches beyond thelarge-N approximation. The matrix models for partition functions of N = 2 gauge theories on S 3 wasderived in Ref.4,5) . The integrant of this matrix model
consists of a complicated combination of double-sinefunctions, and it appears diﬃcult on ﬁrst glance toevaluate it exactly. In Ref.6) , however, the authors
succeessfully solved these matrix models exactly. In
particular, the partition functions of 3D N = 2 U (1)theories computed in Ref.6) show the following factorization property:
Z U (1) [S 3 ] =

Nf
∑
i=1

(i)

(i)

�
Zvort Z
anti-vort .

(1)�Here, Zvort and Z
anti-vort are the partition functionsof the vortex and antivortex conﬁgurations on S 1 × R2
respectively. The summation is taken over the supersymmetric ground states that specify the vortex sector.
This factorization into vortices is the 3D analogue of
Pestun’s expression,∫
Z U (1) [S 4 ] = da Zinst (a) Z�anti-inst (a).
(2)

In this 4D case, ground states are labeled by the continuous moduli parameter a; therefore, we take theintegral over it after combining the contributions frominstantons and anti-instantons. The three-dimensional
factorization is therefore expected to originate from thelocalization after changing the way of carrying out the
localization computation.
In this paper, we extend this observation (1) togauge theories with a more generic gauge group†∗1

arXiv:1303.5915
RIKEN Nishina Center

SU (N ). To compute the localization partition functions of these non-Abelian gauge theories, we need toevaluate the following complicated matrix integral:
∫
∑ 2
∑
∏
1
dN x e−iπk xα +2πiξ xαZ=N!
1≤α<β≤N×4 sinh πb(xα − xβ ) sinh πb−1 (xα − xβ )
×

Nf
N ∏
∏
sb (xα + mi + µi /2 + iQ/2)

α=1 i=1

sb (xα + mi − µi /2 − iQ/2).

(3)Here, sb (x) is the double-sine function7) . Employing
the Cauchy formula∏
2 sinh(xα − xβ )2 sinh(χα − χβ )1≤α<β≤N

=

∑

(−1)σ

σ∈S N

∏ ∏

α β=σ(α)

2 cosh(xα − χβ ),(4)

we succeeded to compute the matrix integral, and we
found the following factorization:
Z SU (N ) [S 3 ] =

Nf
∑
i1

···

Nf
∑
iN

(i)

(i)

�
Zvort Z
anti-vort ,(5)

where Nf is the number of ﬂavors. This result suggeststhat the factorization is universal for the gauge theories in three dimensions, and we can expect a similar
relation for gauge theories with other gauge groups on
more generic three-dimensional manifolds. It would bealso possible to re-derive our result physically without
computing the partition functions explicitly.
References
1) V. Pestun, “Localization of gauge theory on a foursphere and supersymmetric Wilson loops,” Commun.
Math. Phys. 313, 71 (2012) [arXiv:0712.2824 [hep-th]].
2) A. Kapustin, B. Willett and I. Yaakov, “Nonperturbative Tests of Three-Dimensional Dualities,” JHEP
1010, 013 (2010) [arXiv:1003.5694 [hep-th]].
3) N. Drukker, M. Marino and P. Putrov, “From weak
to strong coupling in ABJM theory,” Commun. Math.
Phys. 306, 511 (2011) [arXiv:1007.3837 [hep-th]].
4) D. L. Jaﬀeris, “The Exact Superconformal RSymmetry Extremizes Z,” JHEP 1205, 159 (2012)[arXiv:1012.3210 [hep-th]].
5) N. Hama, K. Hosomichi and S. Lee, “Notes on SUSY
Gauge Theories on Three-Sphere,” JHEP 1103, 127(2011) [arXiv:1012.3512 [hep-th]].
6) S. Pasquetti, “Factorisation of N = 2 Theories on
the Squashed 3-Sphere,” JHEP 1204, 120 (2012)[arXiv:1111.6905 [hep-th]].
7) E. W. Barnes, “ Theory of the double gamma function,”Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. A 196 (1901) 265-388- 125 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Notes on the enhancement of flavor symmetry and 5d
superconformal index†
M. Taki∗1
Perturbative renormalizability has been a criterion
for the predictable quantum ﬁeld theory. Needless tosay, this is because renormalization removes ultraviolet (UV) divergences from Feynman diagram, giving a meaningful ﬁnite value to a physical quantity.
While an eﬀective theory is permitted to include nonrenormalizable interactions, this criterion must be satisﬁed by a fundamental theory without any cut-oﬀ
scale, and it excludes many models of the quantum
ﬁeld theory. The renormalizable theories, however, do
not exhaust all possibilities.
A quantum theory endowed with a UV ﬁxed point
is well deﬁned and valid at the whole energy scale.
This possibility is known as the Weinberg asymptotic
safety scenario1) , which perhaps preserves the nonrenormalizability of the perturbative quantum gravity.
This scenario is also very attractive because a renormalizable but asymptotically non-free theory such as
pure QED involves the Landau pole, and the convergence radius of the perturbation becomes zero according to popular opinion. By assuming the existence of
the UV ﬁxed point, we can avoid such a theoreticalinconsistency included in perturbative quantum ﬁeld
theory.
UV ﬁxed point is a very important notion in thequantum ﬁeld theory, but it is very diﬃcult in general
to determine whether a theory has a UV ﬁxed point.
5d minimal supersymmetric gauge theories are typicaland attractive exceptions to circumvent this diﬃculty.
Perturbative ﬁve-dimensional gauge theories are nonrenormalizable, but Seiberg2) showed that perturbative description breaks down at high energy but someof these theories ﬂow up to a strongly coupling, nonGaussian, UV ﬁxed point. SU (2) gauge theory with
Nf = 0, 1, · · · , 7 fundamental ﬂavors provides a concrete example3,4) . The ﬂavor symmetry of this gauge
theory is SO(2Nf ) × U (1)I , where U (1)I is associatedwith the instanton current J = ∗TrF ∧ F . The UV
ﬁxed point is described by a strongly coupled conformal ﬁeld theory. At this ﬁxed point, the ﬂavor symmetry is expected to enhance to the larger group ENf +1 :E1 = SU (2), E2 = SU (2)×U (1), E3 = SU (3)×SU (2),E4 = SU (5), E5 = SO(10), and E6,7,8 are the usual
exceptional Lie groups.
This enhancement of the ﬂavor symmetries was conjectured by employing superstring theory2) , and so far
it has not been easy to show this enhancement based
only on ﬁeld theory arguments. This is because the UV
ﬁxed point theories in question are strongly coupled,†∗1

and it has prevented us from verifying this conjecture
directly. Fortunately, with recent progress in the theories of localization and the superconformal index, we
can discuss the strongly coupled ﬁxed point theories
quantitatively by evaluating the protected indexes ofthese theories5) . The 5d superconformal index is thefollowing extended version of the Witten index:∏ H
I 5d (u, zf , · · ·) = TrH 1
zf f · · · .
(−1)F uk
BPS
8f

Here k is the U (1) charge with respect to the instanton current, and Hf is a Cartan generator of the ﬂavor
symmetry. u and zf are the fugacities for these symmetries. In this paper, we study the detailed structureof the superconformal index, and we provide a justiﬁcation of the enhancement of the ﬂavor symmetry for
Nf = 0, 1, 2. We ﬁnd that the superconformal index
satisﬁes
I 5d (u, zf , t, q) = I 5d (u−1 , zf , t, q).
This result indicates that the index is actually invariant under the action of the Weyl group of the expected
SU (2) ﬂavor symmetry. We then conclude that theU (1) global symmetry of 5d gauge theory is enhanced
to SU (2) at the UV ﬁxed point. This SU (2) ﬂavor
symmetry is the core of the full ENf +1 symmetry,
and therefore we can expect that extending our result
should yield a proof of the full enhancement.
References
1) S. Weinberg, “Ultraviolet Divergences In Quantum
Theories Of Gravitation,” In General Relativity: An
Einstein centenary survey. Eds. S. W. Hawking and W.
Israel, Cambridge University Press, 790 (1979)
2) N. Seiberg, “Five-dimensional SUSY field theories, nontrivial fixed points and string dynamics,” Phys. Lett. B
388, 753 (1996) [hep-th/9608111].
3) D. R. Morrison and N. Seiberg, “Extremal transitions
and five-dimensional supersymmetric field theories,”
Nucl. Phys. B 483, 229 (1997) [hep-th/9609070].
4) K. A. Intriligator, D. R. Morrison and N. Seiberg, “Fivedimensional supersymmetric gauge theories and degenerations of Calabi-Yau spaces,” Nucl. Phys. B 497, 56(1997) [hep-th/9702198].
5) H. -C. Kim, S. -S. Kim and K. Lee, “5-dim Superconformal Index with Enhanced En Global Symmetry,” JHEP
1210, 142 (2012) [arXiv:1206.6781 [hep-th]].

arXiv:1310.7509
RIKEN Nishina Center- 126 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

From the Berkovits formulation to the Witten formulationin open superstring field theory†
Y. Iimori,∗1 T. Noumi,∗2 Y. Okawa,∗3 and S. Torii∗2
Gauge invariance plays a fundamental role in thecurrent formulation of covariant string ﬁeld theory. In
open bosonic string ﬁeld theory,1) behind the gauge invariance is the algebraic structure called the A∞ structure,2,3) which is closely related to the covering of themoduli space of Riemann surfaces. In open superstring
ﬁeld theory, we therefore expect that the structure underlying its gauge invariance be a supersymmetric extension of the A∞ structure, which would be closely
related to the covering of the supermoduli space ofsuper-Riemann surfaces. However, there is very little
understanding of gauge invariance, and some of the
problems we are confronted with in open superstring
ﬁeld theory seem to be related to the lack of our understanding in this perspective.
For example, in the Witten formulation of open
superstring ﬁeld theory,4) the gauge symmetry has
proven to be singular because of the collision of picturechanging operators.5) There are related divergences intree-level amplitudes, which are also caused by the collision of picture-changing operators. It is possible thatthe source of these divergences is related to the singularcovering of the supermoduli space of super-Riemannsurfaces. At the moment, however, such understanding is negligible.
On the other hand, gauge transformation does not
suﬀer from any singularity in the Berkovits formulationof open superstring ﬁeld theory6) in the Neveu-Schwarz
sector. We do not, however, understand why it works
well in the context of the covering of the supermoduli space of super-Riemann surfaces. In the Berkovits
formulation, the action contains interaction vertices
higher than cubic. We know that the bosonic moduli space of Riemann surfaces is covered by Feynman
diagrams with cubic vertices alone, and the higherorder vertices do not contribute to the covering of thebosonic moduli space. Since gauge invariance requires
the higher-order vertices, it is expected that these vertices play a role in the covering of the supermoduli
space. At the moment, however, such understandingis missing.
In view of recent developments in the understanding of the supermoduli space,7–10) the exploration of
the relation between gauge invariance in open superstring ﬁeld theory and the covering of the supermoduli space of super-Riemann surfaces can be crucially
important for the profound question of whether open
†

∗1
∗2
∗3

superstring ﬁeld theory can be a consistent quantum
theory by itself. In this report, as a ﬁrst step towards
this direction, we address the question of how the divergences in the Witten formulation can be resolved in
the Berkovits formulation.
The Hilbert space of the string ﬁeld in the Berkovits
formulation is larger than that in the Witten formulation and, correspondingly, the gauge symmetry in the
Berkovits formulation is larger than that in the Witten formulation. We perform partial gauge ﬁxing in
the Berkovits formulation to associate it with the Witten formulation. We introduce a one-parameter familyof judicious gauge choices labeled by λ, and the cubic interaction in the Berkovits formulation reduces tothat in the Witten formulation in the singular limit
λ → 0. We can think of the Berkovits formulation
which is partially gauge ﬁxed with ﬁnite λ as a regularization of the Witten formulation. We ﬁnd thatthe divergence in the four-point amplitude as λ → 0 iscanceled by the quartic interaction. We also ﬁnd thatthe divergence in the gauge variation of the action to
the second order in the coupling constant as λ → 0 is
resolved by incorporating the quartic interaction. Our
approach based on the one-parameter family of gauge
choices enables us to discuss the nature of these divergences in a concrete and well-deﬁned setting. Our
next step will be to translate the mechanism of canceling the divergences into the language of the covering of
the supermoduli space of super-Riemann surfaces, andour ultimate goal is to reveal a supersymmetric extension of the A∞ structure underlying open superstring
ﬁeld theory.
References
1) E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B268, 253 (1986).
2) J. D. Stasheﬀ, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 108, 275(1963).
3) J. D. Stasheﬀ, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 108, 293(1963).
4) E. Witten, Nucl. Phys. B276, 291 (1986).
5) C. Wendt, Nucl. Phys. B314, 209 (1989).
6) N. Berkovits, Nucl. Phys. B 450, 90 (1995) [Erratumibid. B 459, 439 (1996)].
7) E. Witten, arXiv:1209.2459.
8) E. Witten, arXiv:1209.5461.
9) E. Witten, arXiv:1304.2832.
10) R. Donagi and E. Witten, arXiv:1304.7798.

Condensed from the article in arXiv:1312.1677.
Department of Physics, Nagoya University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, The University of Tokyo- 127 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

A landscape in boundary string field theory: new class of solutions
with massive state condensation†
K. Hashimoto∗1,∗2 and M. Murata∗3
We solve the equation of motion of boundary
string field theory allowing generic boundary operators quadratic in X, and explore string theory nonperturbative vacua with massive state condensation.
Using numerical analysis, a large number of new solutions are found. Their energies turn out to distributedensely in the range between the D-brane tension andthe energy of the tachyon vacuum. We discuss an interpretation of these solutions as perturbative closed
string states. From the cosmological point of view, thedistribution of the energies can be regarded as the socalled landscape of string theory, as we have a vast
number of non-perturbative string theory solutions including one with small vacuum energy.
As a non-perturbative formulation of open bosonicstring, boundary string field theory (BSFT)1) was proposed as well as cubic string field theory (CSFT). In
general, solutions of string field theories are quite important as they would provide non-perturbative vacuaof string theory, to look at the true capability of string
theory.
Recently, the multiple D-brane solutions, which havegreater energies than the trivial vacuum, were proposed in CSFT. It would have a significance equivalent to the proof of the original Sen’s conjecture, since
the D-brane creation is thought of as a necessary ingredient for a complete non-perturbative formulationof string theory. To climb up the SFT potential hill
instead of rolling down the hill to get to the tachyon
vacuum, it is indispensable to treat the string massivemodes.
After the construction of the analytic solution fortachyon condensation, various analytic solutions in
CSFT have been found. In recent times, analytic formsof lump solutions and multiple D-brane solutions were
proposed. In BSFT, as well, an analytic solution fortachyon condensation and lump solutions have beenfound .
To solve the equation of motion of CSFT, we encounter the infinite-dimensional equation, which is
hard to solve. In fact, there are some subtleties of
proposed solutions. On the other hand, there is a consistent truncation scheme which reduces BSFT to a
standard field theory with a finite number of fields.
The BSFT action was constructed also for boundaryinteractions quadratic in the worldsheet field X, corresponding to a subset of massive modes of open string.
†

∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in PTEP 2013 (2013) 043B01
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Institute of Physics AS CR, Czech Republic

Energy at L
1.0
kc 2

0.8

kc 3
0.6

kc 4

0.4

kc 5

0.2

kc 6

10

20

30

40

Fig. 1. The plots of the energies for Lorentz invariant solutions of the BSFT. Values are in units of T25 V26 whichis the total energy (tension) of a D25-brane. kc is a cutoﬀ integer for truncating the excited level considered in
the BSFT.

The purpose of this paper is to solve the equation of
motion of the BSFT action for the quadratic boundary
operators. In contrast to CSFT, only the tachyon fieldplays a significant role in the BSFT exact solution fortachyon condensation and the lump solutions such thatthe analysis is rather simple. For this reason, it isnatural to expect that one may obtain a new class ofsolutions by involving some more boundary operators,
aiming at new string vacua and a construction of amultiple-D-brane solution.
We adopt the BSFT action for quadratic boundaryinteractions with arbitrary number of derivatives on
the worldsheet, and solve the equation of motion numerically to find homogeneous static solutions. The
condensation of the massive fields is taken care of totheir all orders. So the solutions are non-perturbative
ones at the classical level of SFT, in the same sense
as for the non-perturbative tachyon vacuum solutionsof the BSFT. We discover a large number of new solutions of BSFT. Interestingly, those energies turn out
to be smaller than the D-brane energy, see Fig. 1. Our
analysis strongly suggests the existence of an infinite
number of solutions. We also find that an approximately uniform distribution of the energies of the solutions, which suggests a relation to closed string excitations at the tachyon vacuum. Furthermore, froma cosmological point of view, the distribution of infinitely many solutions is reminiscent of the so-called
string landscape.
References
1) E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D 46 (1992) 5467 [hepth/9208027]; E. Witten, Phys. Rev. D 47 (1993) 3405
[hep-th/9210065].

- 128 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Vacuum instability in electric fields via AdS/CFT:
Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian and Planckian thermalization†
K. Hashimoto∗1∗2 and T. Oka∗3
Extreme environments, such as a strong electric
ﬁeld, is one of the frontiers to test physical systems andto reveal new physical phenomena. Particle physics is
not an exception. The physics of quantum ﬁelds instrong external electric ﬁelds, i.e., “strong-ﬁeld quantum ﬁeld theory” has a very long history which evendates back to the development era of QED. Nevertheless, the dynamics of quantum ﬁelds and their vacuum
in strong electromagnetic ﬁelds has not been understood well yet, both theoretically and experimentally.
One of the present frontiers of strong ﬁeld QFT is tounderstand the instability of strongly interacting systems such as the conﬁning vacuum in QCD.
A particular interest is a relation between the conﬁnement in QCD and the strong electric ﬁeld. Because
quarks have electric charges, a strong electric ﬁeld can
induce a vacuum decay at which pairs of a quark andan antiquark are produced from the vacuum to cancel the background electric ﬁeld. However to estimate
the threshold critical electric ﬁeld, as well as to describe the physical decay process, is a diﬃcult problem, because of several reasons; ﬁrst, QCD is strongly
coupled so the standard perturbative calculation does
not work at low energy, and second, strong electromagnetic ﬁelds induces eﬀective multi-photon vertices
resulting in a complicated nonlinear electromagnetic
eﬀective action.
The renowned method for analyzing strongly coupled system, such as QCD, is the AdS/CFT correspondence1) . This is a well-developed tool in string theory
which enables us to analyze strongly coupled QCD analytically. In this paper, we apply the gauge/gravity
duality to a certain strongly coupled QCD-like gauge
theory, and analyze the instability caused by a strong
electric ﬁeld.
We analyze vacuum instability of strongly coupled gauge theories in a constant electric ﬁeld using
AdS/CFT correspondence. The model is the N = 2
1-ﬂavor supersymmetric large Nc QCD in the strong’t Hooft coupling limit.2) We calculate the EulerHeisenberg eﬀective Lagrangian L(E), which encodes
the nonlinear response and the quantum decay rate of
the vacuum in a background electric ﬁeld E, from thecomplex D-brane action in AdS/CFT. We ﬁnd that the
decay rate given by Im L(E) becomes nonzero above a
critical electric ﬁeld set by the conﬁning force between
quarks. A large E expansion of Im L(E) is found to
†

∗1
∗2
∗3

0.30
0.25

Im L

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

E/Ecr
Fig. 1. The imaginary part of the lagrangian of our massive
supersymmetric QCD. We find a critical electric fieldbeyond which the instability is detected. The criticalelectric field means the breaking of the quark confinement.

coincide with that of the Schwinger eﬀects in QED,
replacing its electron mass by the conﬁning force.
Then, the time-dependent response of the system
in a strong electric ﬁeld is solved non-perturbatively,
and we observe a universal thermalization at a shortest timescale “Planckian thermalization time” τth ∼
h̄
h̄
−1/2
∞
. Here, Teﬀ
is an eﬀective temper∞ ∼ k E
kB TeffBature which quarks feel in the nonequilibrium statewith nonzero electric current, calculated in AdS/CFT
as a Hawking temperature. Stronger electric ﬁelds accelerate the thermalization, and for a realistic valueof the electric ﬁeld in RHIC experiment, we obtainτth ∼ 1 [fm/c], which is consistent with the believed
value.
The main result of the present paper is an analytic
computation of the full electromagnetic eﬀective Lagrangian for a strongly coupled QCD-like gauge theory. In particular, the imaginary part of the eﬀective
Lagrangian shows the decay rate of the vacuum of thegauge theory. The computed imaginary part is shownin Fig. 1.
References
1) J. M. Maldacena, Adv.Theor.Math.Phys. 2 (1998) 231.
2) A. Karch and E. Katz, JHEP 0206 (2002) 043.

Condensed from the article in JHEP 10 (2013) 116
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Engineering Science, the University of Tokyo- 129 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Unitarity bounds from generalised Käbler identities
J. Schmude∗1
A textbook result in Kähler geometry relates thede Rham with the Dolbeault Laplacian, ∆ = 2∆∂¯.
The topic of this note is a similar identity in the caseof Sasaki-Einstein manifolds and its application in to
the unitarity bounds in superconformal gauge theories(SCFTs):∆ = 2∆∂¯b − £2η − 2ı(n − d0 )£η + 2LΛ
+ 2(n − d0 )Lη Λη + 2ı(Lη ∂¯b∗ − ∂¯b Λη ).

(1)

The right hand side features the tangential CauchyRiemann operator, the Lefschetz operator, and the action of the Reeb vector. The equation ∆ = 2∆∂¯ canbe derived from the Kähler identities, commutators between the Dolbeault and Lefschetz operators and theiradjoints. The proof of equation 1 follows a similarroute by obtaining Kähler-like identities that hold on
Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. Those identities as well thedetails of the proof were worked out in1) .
Equation 1 ﬁnds application in the AdS/CFT correspondence. Freund-Rubin compactiﬁcation on SasakiEinstein manifolds yields supergravity duals of superconformal ﬁeld theories. The AdS/CFT dictionary
links the conformal energy of SCFT operators to thespectrum of ∆, their R-charge to that of the Liederivative along the Reeb vector, £η . The conformalenergy, R-charge, and spin of any SCFT operator haveto satisfy the unitarity bounds4,5) , which should be reﬂected on the supergravity side in the spectrum of ∆.
Indeed, it is possible to re-derive the unitarity bounds
from supergravity when using equation 1 in conjunction with the calculations in2,3) .
This leads us to the spectral problem for ∆. Decompose the cotangent bundle as T ∗ S = D∗ ⊕ η =Ω1,0 ⊕ Ω0,1 ⊕ η and consider a k-form ω with £η ω = ıq,q ≥ 0, and d0 ≤ n. Clearly all terms on the right handside of 1 are positive deﬁnite except for the mixed
term M = ı(Lη ∂¯b∗ − ∂¯b Λη ) = N + N ∗ . M is self2
adjoint ∧and its spectrum∧∗ ∗ is real. Moreover,∧∗ ∗ N = 0∗∗
and N ( D ) ⊂D ∧ η and N ( D ∧ η) = 0.
That is, N maps horizontal to vertical forms and annihilates the latter. N ∗ behaves accordingly and it
follows that ⟨ω, M ω⟩ vanishes if ω is horizontal or vertical. This is also the case if ω is neither horizontal
nor vertical yet holomorphic in the ∂¯b -sense. As longas we restrict to one of these cases, 1 takes the form of
a bound on the spectrum of ∆.
This was conjectured and partially shown in the context of the calculations of the superconformal index
in2,3) . Here, the spectrum was constructed from primitive elements of Ωp,q . For such forms, 1 clearly implies∗1∆ ≥ q 2 + 2q(n − d0 )(2)with equality if and only if ∂¯b ω = ∂¯b∗ ω = 0. In theKähler case, the latter of these is implied by transversality — d∗ ω = 0. Here however, d∗ ω = 0 leads only
to the vanishing of the horizontal component of ∂¯b∗ ω.
Indeed,∂b∗ ω = ıLη Λω,∂¯b∗ ω = −ıLη Λω,(3)which vanishes since ω was assumed to be primitive.
Assuming that every element of H∂p,q¯b (S) has a repre∗¯sentative closed under ∂b , the bound 2 is saturated
on the elements of H∂p,q¯b (S). These are the forms that
correspond to the short multiplets in the SCFT, and2 together with the expressions for the derived eigenmodes of ∆ given in2,3) allows to recover the unitarity
bounds from supergravity.
Since we found Sasaki-Einstein equivalents of both
∆ = 2∆∂¯ and the Kähler identities, it is tempting to
ask how much more of Kähler geometry can be generalized. For example, since ∆∂¯ is self-adjoint and elliptic, one can show that ΩkC = Hk ⊕ ∆∂¯(ΩkC ) which implies Hodge’s theorem. Similarly, the relation between
the de Rham and Hodge Laplacians allows for an isomorphism between the respective spaces of harmonic
forms. However, ∆∂¯b is not elliptic. Recall that ∆∂¯b iselliptic if the symbol σ∆∂¯ : Hom(ΩkC , ΩkC ) ⊗ S 2 (T ∗ S)bmaps any non-zero ω ∈ T ∗ S to an automorphism onΩkC . When calculating the symbol one essentially keeps
only those terms of ∆∂¯b that are of highest order inderivatives. In the context of the tangential CauchyRiemann operator, this means that ∂b and ∂¯b can betaken to be anticommuting and that the overall result
is essentially the same as for the symbol of the Dolbeault Laplacian on a Kähler manifold. It turns out,that σ∆∂¯ (η) = 0 and ∆∂¯b is not elliptic, yet transverb
sally elliptic.
An obvious problem of interest is the extension of theresults presented here beyond the Sasaki-Einstein case.
As long as there is a dual SCFT, there is a unitarity
bound meaning that there should be some equivalentof 1.
References
1) J. Schmude, arXiv:1308.1027 [hep-th].
2) R. Eager and J. Schmude, arXiv:1305.3547 [hep-th].
3) R. Eager, J. Schmude and Y. Tachikawa, arXiv:1207.0573[hep-th].
4) J. Kinney, J. M. Maldacena, S. Minwalla and
S. Raju, Commun. Math. Phys. 275, 209 (2007) [hepth/0510251].
5) J. Bhattacharya, S. Bhattacharyya, S. Minwalla and
S. Raju, JHEP 0802, 064 (2008) [arXiv:0801.1435 [hepth]].

RIKEN Nishina Center- 130 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Superconformal indices for gauge duals of AdS4 × SE7
J. Schmude∗1
The superconformal index1,2) of a three-dimensional
superconformal ﬁeld theory can be expressed as thetrace over all operators in the theory weighted by theirfermion numberI(t, zi ) = tr[(−1)F tϵ+j3 zihi ].

(1)Here ϵ is the operator dimension, j3 is the spin of theoperator, F is its fermion number, and hi label the
charges of the operator under global symmetries.
In this note we summarise3) the derivation of thegravity superconformal index for any theory of theform AdS4 × SE7 . Previously the supergravity index was computed for the homogenous Sasaki-Einsteinseven-manifolds using known Kaluza-Klein spectra4) .
However, to match the ﬁeld theory index and the supergravity index, several of the Kaluza-Klein modes
had to be dropped. Since the spectrum has not been
well tested, the authors suggested that the KaluzaKlein spectrum should be revisited. We ﬁnd that acareful analysis of the Kaluza-Klein modes agrees withknown results about ﬁeld theory index. Our generalform of the supergravity index succinctly reproduces
previous computations of the gravity index4) . We ﬁndcomplete agreement with previous large-N computations of the index4–6) .
We construct the Kaluza-Klein multiplets on AdS4
from various tensors deﬁned on the Sasaki-Einsteinmanifold following the methodology of7) . Our analysis focuses on generic Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. Muchof our analysis builds upon previous work on KaluzaKlein spectroscopy for coset manifolds.
Multiplet shortening and the short multiplets contributing to the index can be described using the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operator ∂¯b and the associated Kohn-Rossi cohomology groups H∂p,q¯b . In general,the cotangent bundle over a Sasaki-Einstein manifold
Y can be decomposed as
0,1ΩY = Cη ⊕ Ω1,0Y ⊕ ΩY .

(2)

The operator ∂¯b is the projection of the exterior derivap,qtive on Ω0,1
Y , the cohomology of this complex is H∂¯b .
The Kohn-Rossi cohomology groups are isomorphic to
H q (X, ∧p Ω′X ) deﬁned on the cone, where Ω′X is thepart of the holomorphic cotangent bundle ΩX perpendicular to the dilatation vector ﬁeld. Our main result is a formula for the gravity superconformal index as a trace over linear combinations of the groups
H q (X, ∧p Ω′X ).
Table 1 lists the multiplicity of each short multiplet appearing in supergravity solutions of the form
∗1

AdS4 × SE7 and their contribution to the superconformal index. When calculating the index, only states
with{Q, S} = ϵ − j3 − y = 0(3)contribute, where y is the R-charge. An element f ofcohomology has R-charge LD f = 2iDf. Here LD denotes the Lie derivative along the dilation vector ﬁeld
and 2D is its corresponding eigenvalue. We normalize
each multiplet so that its primary has R-charge y. The
R-charge y diﬀers from the R-charge 2D of the corresponding cohomology element by a constant shift.
Table 1. Short multiplets and their contribution
Multiplets. gravitons. gravitino
s. vector Zs. vector A
hyper
hyper
hyper

(ϵ, j3 , y)(y + 2, 1, y)(y + 32 , 12 , y)(y + 1, 0, y)(y + 1, 0, y)(y, 0, y)(y, 0, y)(y, 0, y)Multiplicity
H 0 (X, ∧3 Ω′X )H 0 (X, Ω′X )H 1 (X, Ω′X )H 0 (X, ∧2 Ω′X )H 1 (X, ∧2 Ω′X )H 2 (X, Ω′X )H 0 (X, OX )

Index
−ty+4
ty+3
−ty+2
−ty+2
ty
ty
ty

Summing the contributions of the short multiplets,
we ﬁnd that the single particle supergravity index is∑�
1 + Is.t. (t) =tr[t2D � H 0 (X, OX )⊖H 0 (X, ∧2 Ω′X ) ⊕ H 1 (X, ∧2 Ω′X )⊕t2 H 0 (X, Ω′X ) ⊖ t2 H 1 (X, Ω′X ) ⊕ t2 H 2 (X, Ω′X )(4)⊖t2 H 0 (X, ∧3 Ω′X )].

The superconformal index has proven to be a powerful tool in checking proposed dualities. All proposed
ﬁeld theory duals to Saski-Einstein seven manifolds
can be tested by computing the ﬁeld theory index andcomparing it with the above gravity index. Currently,
there is no general procedure for constructing the ﬁeld
theory dual to a general Sasaki-Einstein seven manifold. One hopes that the superconformal index will
help explore new holographic dualities.
References
1) J. Kinney et al.: Commun. Math. Phys. 275, 209(2007).
2) J. Bhattacharya et al.: JHEP 0802, 064 (2008).
3) R. Eager and J. Schmude, arXiv:1305.3547 [hep-th].
4) S. Cheon et al.: JHEP 1105, 027 (2011).
5) D. Gang et al.: JHEP 1202, 079 (2012).
6) Y. Imamura et al.: JHEP 1108, 011 (2011).
7) R. Eager et al.: arXiv:1207.0573 [hep-th].

RIKEN Nishina Center- 131 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sine square deformation and its implications to string theory†
T. Tada∗1
It was recently found that certain 1d quantum systems with an open boundary condition can share thesame vacuum state with a similar system having aclosed boundary condition, if the coupling constants ofthe system with an open boundary are modulated ina certain way called sine square deformation1–3) . Sinesquare deformation works similarly in two-dimensional
conformal field theories, which describe string theory
4). We have investigated sine square deformation in
the context of string theory, focusing in particular on
open/closed duality.
Sine square deformation is the modulation of thecoupling of open boundary systems so that
n 
π
(1)
Ji,i+1 ≡ J sin2
N

keeping the boundary coupling J0,1 = JN,N +1 = 0 at
the both ends (Fig. 1) for the following 1d quantum
system:(2)
H=−
Jn,n+1 (σn · σn+1 ) .

x
fx (x) = 1 − α cos , ft (x) = N
r|k| e2πikx/l , (6)
l
k∈Z

and
r≡

while the original Hamiltonian is
H0 =

 πc
2π 
L0 + L̄0 −
.
l
6l

(4)

Then, the vacuum |0� for H0 is also the vacuum of
HSSD with half the energy.
To interpret the sine square deformation in termsof the dynamics of the world sheet, we need to findthe corresponding Lagrangean. We found that the Lagrangean corresponding to HSSD is obtained by taking
α to 1 in the following expression:
1dx {(∂t ϕ) ft (∂t ϕ) − (∂x ϕ) fx (∂x ϕ)} , (5)
Lα =
2
where
†
∗1

√

1
1 − α2, N≡√.
α
1 − α2(7)

One can readily see that the g00 component of theworld sheet metric in the Lagrangean, ft , diverges
severely as we apply sine square deformation. This
is in some sense expected because at the SSD point
there occurs an event as singular as the change of theboundary condition.
L1 −L−1toOne can apply sl(2, C) transformation ea 2
(the holonomic part of) H0 to obtaincosh aL0 − sinh a

L1 + L−1.
2(8)

The right-hand side of the above would have corresponded to HSSD if cosh a = sinh a, which is a directcontradiction with the identity cosh2 a − sinh2 a = 1.
One, therefore, needs to take a → ∞ and suitably
rescale. Hence, HSSD is not connected with H0 throughthe ordinary sl(2,c) transformation, but through a certain limiting procedure.
We also found that HSSD has the following different
vacua other than |0�

Fig. 1. Sine square deformation of the coupling for a 1dquantum system.

In the case of conformal field theory, the Hamiltonian HSSD that is sine square deformed isπcπL1 + L−1 + L̄1 + L̄−1
L0 + L̄0 −
−
, (3)
l
2
12l

1−

eL−1 |h�,(9)where |h� is the state corresponding to the primary
fields of CFT. However, the norm of (9) is divergent.
One also needs a certain limiting process to properly
define (9).
In summary, we have investigated sine square deformation of string theory to shed light on the relation
between open and closed strings. Recent studies ofstring dualities suggest that one needs to go beyond
the realm where open and closed are inseparable to understand the true dynamics of string theory. We hopethat we can further uncover the nature of this realm
through insights offered by sine square deformation.
References
1) A. Gendiar, R. Krcmar, T. Nishino: Prog. Theor. Phys.
122 953 (2009) ; ibid. 123 393 (2010).
2) H. Katsura: J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 44 252001(2011).
3) I. Maruyama, H. Katsura, T. Hikihara: Phys. Rev. B
84 165132(2011) .
4) H. Katsura: J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 45 115003(2012).

Condensed from the article in Proceedings of the 12th Asia
Pacific Physics Conference (APPC12)
RIKEN Nishina Center- 132 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Phase structure of two-dimensional topological insulators by latticestrong-coupling expansion†
Y. Araki∗1 and T. Kimura∗2
Topological insulators have recently attracted agreat interest in the field of materials physics, which
are characterized by the topologically protected gapless modes localized on the boundary of the system.
The effect of electron correlation in such an electronic system has always been an important problem.
Even in non-topological Dirac fermion systems, suchas graphene, it has been proposed that a sufficiently
strong electron-electron interaction can lead to a spontaneous breaking of some symmetries of the system anda dynamical generation of band gap.
0.8
0.7
0.6

(a-2)

0.5

Normal AF

0.4

(b-2)

0.3

Tilted AF

0.2

y

dar

un

bo

NG mode?
Normal AF

My

Tilted AF

Mx(σ2)
Fig. 2. Schematic picture of the order parameters derived
in this study. It is expected that a gapless NG mode
appear when the full SU(2) is restored.
g2∞∞
Normal AF(b-1)

Tilted AF

Normal AF(Aoki phase)

Normal AF

Normal AF
Topological

Topological(Aoki phase)g2 Tilted AF(Aoki phase)

(a-1)

0.1
0.0
0.00

al p

gic

olo

top

e
has

Mz(σ1)

Topological
0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

t’

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

-3√3t’

0.10

0

3√3t’

m

-3√3t’

0

3√3t’

m

Fig. 1. The phase diagram of the Kane-Mele model in the(t , σ1 )-space. One of the Dirac cones loses its band gap
at the phase boundary.

Fig. 3. The schematic phase structure of a graphene-likesystem with the spin-orbit interaction, conjectured inanalogy to that of lattice QCD with the Wilson fermion
formalism, for (left) t < tC and (right) t > tC .

In this report, we study the effect of a sufficiently
strong electron-electron interaction on the topologicalphase structure of 2D quantum spin Hall insulators.
By the techniques of strong-coupling expansion of lattice gauge theory, we observe the behavior of the spontaneous antiferromagnetic (AF) order in the strongcoupling limit of the interaction. As a result, we findthat the topological phase structure is modified fromthat of the noninteracting system by the emergence ofa new “tilted AF” phase in-between the normal insulator and the topological insulator phases as shown in
Fig. 1. Here we use the “modified” mass σ1 , instead of
the bare mass (staggered magnetic field) m, and t isthe spin-orbit counpling constant. As a consequenceof the interplay between the electron-electron interaction and the spin-orbit interaction, there appears a
new “tilted antiferromagnetic (AF)” phase, where theimaginary part of the order parameter becomes nonzero (σ2 = 0), between the normal AF phase and the
topological phase.
The AF order is not parallel to the direction pointed
by the spin-orbit interaction and the staggered magnetic field in the spin SU(2) space in the tilted AF

phase. σ1 and σ2 are antiferromagnetic (AF) orders
corresponding to two directions in the remnant U(1)spin space, which we denote Mz and Mx here. If we
extend this argument to the full SU(2) spin space, another direction My is restored, so that the tilted AF
acquires U(1) degree of freedom in choosing its direction, which may result in a massless Nambu-Goldstone
mode (Fig. 2).
We also show the analogy between the phase structure of topological insulators and that of the strongly
coupled lattice QCD with the Wilson fermion formalism in Fig. 3. In this analogy, σ1 and σ2 correspond toψ̄ψ and iψ̄γ5 ψ. The tilted AF phase is similar tothe so-called “Aoki phase” in lattice QCD in that bothof them are characterized by an order parameter orthogonal to the external source term in the continuous
symmetry space.1) Such an analogy may help us understand the behavior of topological insulators with anelectron-electron interaction from the strong-coupling
to the weak-coupling regime.

†

∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. B87 (2013) 205440
Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin
RIKEN Nishina Center

References
1) S. Aoki, Phys. Rev. D30 (1984) 2653; Nucl. Phys. B314
(1989) 79.

- 133 -

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Eﬀective gravitational interactions of dark matter axions†T. Noumi,∗1 K. Saikawa,∗2 R. Sato,∗3 and M. Yamaguchi∗2
Recent developments of observational studies haveconstrained the properties of dark matter signiﬁcantly,
yet its origin is unknown. The axion is one of leading
candidates of dark matter, which emerges out of thesolution to the strong CP problem in QCD. One important property of dark matter axions is that it isproduced non-thermally in the early universe and described as a coherently oscillating scalar ﬁeld. Since
this coherent oscillation is interpreted as highly condensed Bose gas, dark matter axions may form BoseEinstein condensate (BEC) in the universe.
The formation of axion BEC dark matter, if it occurred, leads to some interesting phenomenological implications. It was argued that the angular momentum
distribution of infalling dark matter particles aﬀects
the structure of inner caustics (the over dense region
produced by the fall of dark matter surrounding thegalaxy).1) If the particles have a net overall rotation,
which is predicted by axion BEC dark matter,2) the
inner caustics become ring-like structure. Since sucha structure is not predicted in another leading candidates such as the weakly interacting massive particle(WIMP) dark matter scenario, there is a possibility to
distinguish dark matter candidates observationally.
The crucial point for the above scenario is that thethermalization occurs due to gravitational interactions.
Gravitational thermalization of dark matter axions
was ﬁrst discussed in detail in3) . They claimed thatthe formation of axion BEC occurs in the condensed
regime, where the interaction rate is large compared tothe typical energy exchanged in the interaction. The
thermalization process in the condensed regime wasfurther studied by two of the present authors.4) By
representing coherently oscillating axions as coherent
states, they evaluated the gravitational self interaction
rate Γ of axions within the ﬂat space Newtonian approximation. They showed that the interaction rate
Γ exceeds the expansion rate H of the universe when
the temperature of the universe is T ≃ keV. This result might imply that the gravitational self interactionsaﬀect the evolution of dark matter axions and their occupation number changes rapidly at that time.
In the BEC formation process, however, low energy
modes, i.e. superhorizon modes, will play an central
role and such a subhorizon mode is sensitive to thecosmic expansion. Therefore, it is not clear whether
we can apply the previous result3,4) based on the ﬂatspace Newtonian approximation. In this report, to
†

∗1
∗2
∗3

φ

φ

φ

φ
=

φ

φ

φ

δgµν

φ

Fig. 1. Eﬀective gravitational interaction of axions.

clarify this issue, we reanalyze the interaction rate Γ ofthe axion gravitational self interactions taking into account eﬀects of the cosmic expansion based on generalrelativity. In the general relativistic framework, thegravitational interaction is mediated by metric perturbations δgµν . The kinetic and mass terms of the axion
ϕ generically contain cubic interactions schematicallyin the form δgµν ϕ2 and these cubic interactions induce
the following eﬀective quartic interactions (Fig. 1):Heﬀ ≃ −

ki ,

∑

∑

ki =0

2πGm2 f (x) † †a a ak ak , (1)a3 (δp)2 k1 k2 3 4with the function f (x) being1
f (x) = 1 − cos x − x sin x ≃ − 1 x2
2

(x ≫ 1) ,(x ≪ 1) .

(2)

Here δp = |k1 −k3 |/a is the physical exchange momentum and x = cs δp/H represents how it is inside the(sound) horizon. We can see that the gravitational interaction is well approximated by Newton gravity whenthe exchange momentum is inside the horizon x ≳ 1,
while it is suppressed for x ≲ 1. An important pointis that even if some of external momenta are superhorizon, the interaction is not suppressed unless theexchange momentum is superhorizon.
Applying the obtained eﬀective gravitational interaction, we showed that the interaction rate Γ exceeds
the expansion rate H of the universe when the temperature of the universe is T ≃ keV, as in the previous
studies3,4) . However, it should be noted that the thermalization process of axion BEC has been not fully
understood yet in the previous studies3,4) and it is still
nontrivial whether the thermalization occurs at thattime (see e.g.5) for recent arguments). Further studies
in this direction will be required.
References

Condensed from the article in arXiv:1310.0167
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Theory Center, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)- 134 -

1) P. Sikivie: Phys. Rev. D 60, 063501 (1999).
2) P. Sikivie: Phys. Lett. B 695, 22 (2011).
3) O. Erken, P. Sikivie, H. Tam, and Q. Yang: Phys. Rev.
D 85, 063520 (2012).
4) K. ’i. Saikawa and M. Yamaguchi: Phys. Rev. D 87,
085010 (2013).
5) S. Davidson and M. Elmer: JCAP 1312, 034 (2013).

Ⅱ-6. Particle Physics

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Composite dark matter and lattice simulations†

The existence of a dark matter sector, which interacts gravitationally with ordinary, baryonic matter,solves several known observational puzzles in astrophysics and cosmology. However, the observed relicabundance of dark matter (DM) in the Universe today diﬀers from the abundance of baryonic matter bya relatively small factor, ρDM /ρb ≈ 5. This apparent coincidence motivates the existence of some sortof coupling of the dark sector to the Standard Model(SM), to give rise to the DM relic density by way ofa primordial asymmetry or by coupling to the earlyuniverse thermal bath of SM particles. Such interactions between DM and SM are strongly constrained bypresent-day experiments which seek to directly detection the impact of galactic dark matter particles with
SM targets.
If the dark sector contains a new, strongly-coupledgauge force, then it may give rise to a composite dark
matter candidate as an electroweak-neutral boundstate of charged, fundamental constituent particles.
This structure generically leads to very strong momentum dependence in interactions of the bound statewith the SM, which can resolve the tension since themomentum scales probed in modern direct-detection
experiments are much lower than those relevant forearly-universe cosmology.
As part of the LSD collaboration, my research focuses on the use of lattice simulation as a tool tostudy the physics of strongly-coupled gauge theories,of which QCD is only a single example in a broad class.
Gauge theories with diﬀerent choices of the number ofcolors Nc , number of light fermions Nf , or fermion
gauge representation R can exhibit strikingly diﬀerent
properties1) .
In connection with the study of composite dark matter, we have undertaken a calculation from ﬁrst principles of electromagnetic “nucleon” form factors in SU(3)gauge theories with Nf = 2 and Nf = 6, in particular
the magnetic moment κ and electromagnetic charge ra2 2)
dius rE. In a candidate composite dark matter theory, these form factors would govern the interactionof the baryon-like dark matter with ordinary nuclei
through single photon exchange. Our calculation results for the magnetic moment (shown in Fig. 1 below)
and charge radius indicate no signiﬁcant trend as thenumber of fermions Nf is increased. This suggests thatregardless of other dynamical considerations, bounds
on composite dark matter states may apply quite generally. As studied in the reference2) , these bounds canbe quite wrong, with the magnetic moment interaction∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Colorado, BoulderΚ

E. T. Neil∗1,∗2 [LSD Collaboration] 

Fig. 1. From2) , magnetic moment κneut of a neutral baryonic bound state in SU(3) gauge theory with Nf = 2(red) and Nf = 6 (blue) light fermions, vs. ratio of simulated “baryon” mass MB to extrapolated chiral limit
mass MB0 .

excluding composite dark matter states in this model
below 10 TeV.
Additional studies have focused on the properties ofSU(2) gauge theories. The fundamental representation of SU(2) is real, leading to an enhancement of thechiral symmetry group. For a gauge sector in which
this chiral symmetry spontaneously breaks, this canlead to the existence of “baryonic” pseudo-Goldstone
modes, which can play the role of a dark matter candidate with interesting and unique properties3) . Recent
LSD collaboration results on SU(2)4) have clariﬁed therange of Nf values for which the spontaneous breakingof chiral symmetry will take place, paving the way for
future dynamical studies relevant to SU(2) composite
dark matter models.
Finally, extension of our results for composite dark
matter form factors to SU(4) gauge theory is planned,
with a model construction and a detailed lattice study
to be published soon. With an even choice of Nc , the“baryon” states will be bosonic, and can exhibit internal symmetries which cause the leading electromagnetic form factors (magnetic moment and charge radius) to vanish. Our initial studies will therefore focus
on the next leading operator, the electromagnetic polarizability, as well as on scalar form factors for Higgs
boson exchange.
References
1) E. T. Neil: PoS LATTICE2011 (2011) 009
2) T. Appelquist et al. (LSD Collaboration): Phys.Rev.
D88 (2013), 014502
3) M. R. Buckley and E. T. Neil: Phys.Rev. D87 (2013)
4, 043510
4) T. Appelquist et al. (LSD Collaboration): submitted toPhys. Rev. Lett.

- 135 -

1

7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

Ⅱ-7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Dynamics of X-ray–emitting ejecta in the oxygen-rich supernova
remnant Puppis A revealed by the XMM-Newton RGS†
S. Katsuda,∗1 Y. Ohira,∗2 K. Mori,∗3 H. Tsunemi,∗4 H. Uchida,∗5 K. Koyama,∗4,∗5 and T. Tamagawa∗1

†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Condensed from the article in The Astrophysical Journal
768, 182 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics and Mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin
University
Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Engineering,
University of Miyazaki
Department of Earth and Space Science, Graduate Schoolof Science, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Kyoto University

0
4
2
0
−2
−4

Wavelength (Å)

O Heα (r)O Heα (f)O Heα (r)O Heα (f)

O Lyα
O Heβ

O Lyα
15

O Lyβ

0.5

O Lyβ

1

Ne Heα (r)Ne Heα (f)10−16 cts s−1 Hz−1

As shown in Fig. 1, we successfully obtained a highresolution RGS spectrum, which enabled us to reveal
unambiguous Doppler velocities of 1500 ± 200 km s−1(blueward) for the knot and 650±130 km s−1 (redward)
for the filament. In addition, line broadening at 654 eV(corresponding to O Lyα) is obtained to be < 0.9 eV,
indicating an oxygen temperature of < 30 keV. Thistemperature is significantly lower than that expected(>100 keV) for a (collisionless) forward shock with aspeed of ∼2000 km s−1 (= 4/3 times 1500 km s−1 ).
We showed that the low oxygen temperature can bereconciled if the ejecta knot was heated by a shock witha velocity of ∼600–1200 km s−1 and was subsequently
equilibrated due to Coulomb interactions. Therefore,
the ejecta knot was likely heated by a (slower) reverse
shock rather than a (faster) forward shock. This result
provides significant support for the idea that a reverse
shock reheats the SN ejecta, which has been expected
for a long time; however observational evidence is stillsparse.

(Datai−Modeli)/σi

The Galactic supernova remnant (SNR), Puppis A,
is one of the brightest X-ray SNRs with energies below 1 keV. A number of oxygen-rich, fast-moving, optically emitting ejecta knots (OFMKs) are detected inthis SNR. Interestingly, all these OFMKs are locatedin the eastern, mostly northeastern (NE) portion,1)
whereas a neutron star is running in the opposite direction of the OFMKs2) . Given that this ejecta-neutronstar recoil phenomenon is consistent with the recent
promising supernova (SN) explosion model for explaining core-collapse SN explosions,3) Puppis A is an extremely important target for the study of SN explosion
mechanisms.
Since significant fractions of SN ejecta are often seen
only in X-rays, it is important to reveal ejecta structures in the X-ray domain. In fact, mapping observations with X-ray observatories in orbit, i.e., XMMNewton, Chandra, and Suzaku have recently recognizedsignatures of ejecta. These ejecta are found to be localized in three locations. All of them are located in the
NE quadrant, further supporting the one-sided ejection of SN debris. Interestingly, one of them showeda hint of blueshifted K-shell line emission4) . However,
the moderate spectral resolution of these X-ray charge
coupled devices (CCDs) used in the previous observations did not allow for conclusive arguments.
To reveal the precise Doppler velocities of two of the
X-ray ejecta features (hereafter, the ejecta knot andthe ejecta filament), we performed an XMM-Newton
observation of Puppis A on October 20, 2012. We
primarily used the Reflection Grating Spectrometer(RGS5) ). The RGS is usually considered to be unsuitable for extended sources such as Galactic SNRs,
because it is a slitless spectrometer, and hence, theextended sources suffer from energy resolution degradation. However, if the angular size of the target issufficiently small (less than a few arc minutes) andis brighter than its surroundings, it is possible to obtain high-resolution spectra for such a target. Fortunately, our targets allow for an order-of-magnitude
higher resolution spectra (E/∆E ∼ 150) than nondispersive CCDs (E/∆E ∼ 20).

20

Fig. 1. XMM-Newton’s RGS spectrum fitted with a nonionization equilibrium model (for diffuse backgroundemission: Katsuda et al. 2013 for details) plus Gaussians (for the ejecta knot and ejecta filament). The
best-fit models are shown in green, blue, and red for
total, knot, and filament emission, respectively. The
lower panel shows the residuals.

References
1) P. F. Winkler et al.: IAU Colloq. 101, 65 (1988)
2) P. F. Winkler and R. Petre: ApJ 670, 635 (2007)
3) A. Burrows et al.: ApJ 655, 416 (2007)4) S. Katsuda et al.: ApJ 678, 297 (2008)5) J. W. den Herder et al.: A&A 365, L7 (2001)- 137 -

Ⅱ-7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)NuSTAR observation of the fast rotating magnetized white dwarf
AE Aquarii†
T. Kitaguchi∗1 on behalf of the NuSTAR team
AE Aquarii (AE Aqr) is a cataclysmic variable classiﬁed as a member of the DQ Herculis or intermediate
polar (IP) class, consisting of a white dwarf (WD) anda K4–5 V star. In the IP class, the WD is generally
thought to possess a magnetic ﬁeld (B ∼ 105−7 G) sufﬁciently strong to channel the accretion ﬂow from thesecondary star to the WD poles. Accordingly, hard
X-rays are produced by the shock-heated gas, whichreaches temperatures of a few tens of keV near the
WD surface. The X-ray emission exhibits spin modulation caused by the varying aspect of the accreting
poles with respect to the rotation of the WD1) .
The 33.08 s period makes AE Aqr the fastestspinning magnetic WD with intriguing emission features. In comparison to many IPs, AE Aqr shows athermal soft X-ray spectrum with a very low luminosity, and therefore the mechanism and location of the Xray emission are uncertain. In addition, a Suzaku observation2) showed that AE Aqr may emit non-thermal
hard X-rays with a narrow pulse proﬁle at the spin period, suggesting that the source may accelerate charged
particles in a manner similar to rotation-powered pulsars3) . However, a more recent Suzaku observation2)
did not reproduce the earlier result, leaving the detection of non-thermal X-rays uncertain.
The Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) satellite4) , launched in 2012 June, carries theﬁrst focusing hard X-ray (3–79 keV) telescope in orbit. Owing to focusing optics, NuSTAR achieves thehighest sensitivity ever observed in this band, and it
has the capability to detect hard X-ray point sources
with a ﬂux down to sub µCrab. Therefore, NuSTAR
can help measure the maximum temperature of thethermal plasma in AE Aqr and test the presence ofany beamed non-thermal component. We performed along observations of this source with NuSTAR for an
exposure of 125 ks in 2012 September.
Spectral analysis shows that hard X-rays are wellﬁtted by an optically thin thermal plasma model with
+6.1
+1.0
three temperatures of 0.8+0.2−0.5 , 2.3−0.8 , and 9.3−2.2 keV,
the highest of which is higher than that previously
observed for this source (3.0 keV)2) . In addition,
the spectrum is also characterized by an opticallythin thermal plasma model with two temperatures of+1.6
1.0+0.3−0.2 and 4.6−0.8 keV in combination with a powerlaw component with index of 2.5±0.2, although the derived index is inconsistent with the Suzaku value (1.1±0.62) ) and is steeper than those found for rotationpowered pulsars (0.6–2.1)3) . Compared with the three†∗1

Condensed from the article in ApJ, Vol.782, 3 (2014)
RIKEN Nishina Center

temperature model, the ﬁt with the two-temperaturemodel with the power-law emission is slightly but notsigniﬁcantly preferred. We cannot distinguish whether
the hard X-ray component detected with NuSTAR isthermal or non-thermal emission.
A timing analysis with Z12 -statistic or Rayleigh test5)
shows that the spin period in the 3–10 keV band is
33.0769 ± 0.0004 s, which is consistent with previously
measured values2) . The 3–20 keV pulse proﬁle obtained by folding data at the best determined period
is broad and approximately sinusoidal with a pulsed
fraction of 16.6 ± 2.3%. We do not ﬁnd any evidence
for a sharp feature in the pulse proﬁle.
Two energy sources could, in principle, power theobserved X-ray luminosity: liberation of gravitationalenergy of accreting matter and the rotational energy of
the WD. The observed X-ray emission is diﬃcult to explain as a result of rotation-powered emission because
synchrotron radiation, which is observed for rotationpowered pulsars, is expected to be strongly beamed
along the ﬁeld lines, which is inconsistent with the observed broad pulse proﬁle. Instead, accretion-powered
emission is more probable, although the observed spectrum with the highest temperature of 9.3+6.1−2.2 keV issofter than a postshock temperature of ∼ 30 keV predicted by the standard accretion column model6) under the assumption that the WD mass is ∼ 0.7 M⊙ asdetermined in the optical measurement7) .
The standard model assumes a high-accretion column heated by the shock close to the WD surface andcooled by thermal bremsstrahlung. However, the accretion rate in AE Aqr is considerably small, which isa consequence of the low X-ray luminosity. We suggest two modiﬁcations of the standard model to explain the AE Aqr spectrum: the shock temperature
could be low because of a tall accretion column comparable with the WD radius, and cyclotron emission
with B > 106 G could additionally cool down the accretion plasma. Detailed calculations of such models
will hopefully reproduce the spectrum and pulse proﬁleof AE Aqr with the optically determined WD mass.
References
1) J. Patterson: PASP 106, 209 (1994)
2) Y. Terada et al.: PASJ 60, 387 (2008)3) V. M. Kaspi et al.: in Compact Stellar X-Ray Sources,
edited by W. Lewin & M. van der Klis (Cambridge Univ.
Press, Cambridge, 2006), p.279
4) F. A. Harrison et al.: ApJ 770, 103 (2013)5) R. Buccheri et al.: A&A 128, 245 (1983)
6) K. Aizu: PThPh 49, 1184 (1973)
7) J. Echevarrı́a et al.: MNRAS 387, 1563 (2008)- 138 -

1

Ⅱ-7. Astrophysics and Astro-Glaciology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios
in considerably low nitrate concentration ice core samples
S. Okamoto,1 K. Takahashi,1 Y. Nakai,1 Y. Motizuki,1 A. Makabe,2 K. Koba,2 and H. Motoyama3
Nitrate (NO3-) concentration in polar regions is caused byrelevant stratospheric sources1), related extraterrestrial
fluxes of energetic particles, and solar irradiation. In the
Talos Dome ice core (Antaractica), NO3- data exhibit highly
significant agreement with cosmic ray flux reconstructions2).
Nitrogen and oxygen isotope ratios (δ15N and δ18O) of NO3in the polar ice core are expected to reflect the difference of
isotope fractionations through photochemical reactions inthe stratosphere caused by cosmic ray and solar irradiation.
Our final object is to clarify the history of solar activity andcosmic events, on the basis of precise analyses of δ15N andδ18O in the ice core. However, it is difficult to measure theisotope ratios of δ15N and δ18O in NO3- in the Antarctic ice
core, because NO3- concentrations are low (typically < 20
µg l-1) and the sample volume is limited.
In this study, we examined the method of measuringδ15Nand δ18O with high sensitivity for 11 ice core samples from
Dome Fuji drilled in 2010, corresponding to relatively highNO3- concentration (average 22.3 µg l-1) using thedenitrifier method4) and we successfully obtained accurate
data. In this method, 10 ml of each sample was used andNO3- in sample water was quantitatively converted to N2O,
utilizing denitrifying bacteria (Pseudomonas aureofaciens)that lack N2O-reductase. The isotopic composition of N2O
is then measured using the mass spectrometer(IsoPrime100) in RIKEN. The results of the measurementsof δ15N and δ18O are summarized in Fig.1. Each sample isreferenced to the internationally recognized standard
USGS32, USGS34 and USGS35. In Fig. 2, the blue frame
indicates the maximum and minimum values in themeasured 11 ice core samples. These standards were diluted

with ice core water in which NO2- and NO3- were removed
using the ion exchange resin for minimizing the effect of
the exchange of oxygen atoms between the nitrogen oxideintermediates and water3). We corrected the backgroundN2O associated with the medium for bacteria, atmosphereand ice core water used for dilution of standard. The errorof the δ15N and δ18O in 11 samples were calculated by the
propagation of errors including uncertainties in the
background and in sample measurement. The maximum
errors of the δ15N and δ18O were ± 0.75‰ and ± 0.34‰,
respectively.
The δ15N and δ18O range from 201.7‰ to 258.5‰ andfrom 45.9‰ to 64.1‰, respectively (Fig.2). The variationsof δ15N and δ18O show 24% and 34% for 20% NO3- change,
respectively. δ15N values are inside a certain range except
for one sample (201.7). High positive δ15N values may be
attributed to the nitrate post-depositional effect because of
low accumulation rate in Dome Fuji4). NO3- and δ18O show
significant correlation (r = -0.69, p < 0.05), while there is nocorrelation between NO3- concentration and δ15N.
We have successfully established the method to measure
δ15N and δ18O of NO3-. Further detailed measurements are
expected to contribute to elucidate the origin of NO3produced by photochemical reactions in the stratosphere.

Fig. 2. NO3- concentration, δ15N and δ18O of NO3- in Dome
Fuji ice core. Red arrow indicates the range of δ15N in
Dome C ice core, inland Antarctica5). The unit of NO3concentration in Dome C converts assuming ice density 850
kg m-3.
Fig. 1. The δ15N and δ18O of ice core samples andinternational standards USGS32, USGS34 and USGS35.
RIKEN Nishina CenterTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
3National Institute of Polar Research
12

References

1) M. R. Legrand and S. Kirchner: J. Geophys. Res. 95,
p3493-6507 (1990).
2) R. Traversi et al.: Solar Phys. 208, p237-254 (2012).
3) K. L. Casciotti et al.: Anal Chem. 74, p4905-4912(2002).
4) J. Erbland et al.: Atmos. Chem. Phys. 13, p6403-6419 (2005).
5) H. D. Freyer et al., Tellus, 48B, p93-105 (1996).

- 139 -

8. Accelerator

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Conceptual design of SC linac for RIBF-upgrade plan
K. Yamada,∗1 K. Suda,∗1 N. Sakamoto,∗1 and O. Kamigaito∗1
An upgrade plan for the RIKEN RI-Beam Factory is under discussion, with the objective of significantly increasing the uranium beam intensity. Diﬃculty in the present acceleration scheme mainly stems
from the two-stage charge stripping located at 11 and50 MeV/u, respectively, which yields a maximum total stripping eﬃciency of 5%. In the upgrade plan, theﬁxed-frequency Ring Cyclotron will be replaced by a
new cyclotron1) that will be designed to accept U35+
ions without charge stripping at 11 MeV/u, and the
RIKEN ring cyclotron will be replaced by a new linac,
mainly consisting of superconducting (SC) cavities, toimprove the transmission of the high current beam. To
evaluate the feasibility of the new linac, we started adesign study of the SC linac in ﬁscal year 20132).
A layout plan of the new linac is shown in Fig. 1.
The present injector, RILAC2, will be used at the lowenergy end. We will add a short room-temperature(RT) section to RILAC2, which will boost the beamenergy from 0.68 to 1.4 MeV/u. The main part isthe succeeding SC section working in the energy range
from 1.4 to 11 MeV/u.
Additional
RT-cavities

Rebuncher

1.4 MeV/udinal acceptance large enough to capture the output
beam from the RT section. Finally, we chose a conﬁguration that consists of 14 cryomodules, each of whichcontains four QWRs operating at 73 MHz, and a RT
quadrupole doublet placed in each space between the
cryomodules. Quadrupoles with an aperture diameterof 50 mm and a ﬁeld gradient of less than 20 T/mwould be easier for us to make and operate comparedto the SC solenoid.
The SC QWRs were designed using CST Microwave
Studio 2013. The RF surface resistance is assumed to
be 25 nΩ on the safe side, where the BCS resistanceis negligibly small. The curently used parameters of
the SC section are listed in Table 1. The deﬁnitionof the eﬀective length for the determination of Eacc is
selected to be βgeom λ.
Table 1. Design parameters of the SC section.
Frequency [MHz]Duty [%]
Mass-to-charge ratio (m/q)
Input energy [MeV/u]
Output energy [MeV/u]
Number of cavities
Number of cryomodules
Number of quadrupole magnets
Total length [m]Cavity inner diameter [mm]Cavity height [mm]Gap length g [mm]Gap voltage Vgap [kV]βgeom of cavity
Beam aperture a [mm]Synchronous phase φs for βgeom [◦ ]Operating temperature T [K]G = Q0 × Rs [Ω ]Ra /Q0 [Ω]Rs = RBCS + Rres [nΩ]Q0Shunt impedance Ra [Ω]Rf power loss P [W]
Eacc [MV/m]
Epeak /Eacc
Bpeak /Eacc [mT/(MV/m)]

RILAC2
RFQ

28-GHz SC-ECRIS

SC-Linac, 14 cryomodules, L=43 m

11 MeV/uFig. 1. Layout plan of new linac injector.

The beam energy at the border of the RT and SC
sections was chosen so that the SC section could becovered by a single structure of a quater-wavelength
resonator (QWR) with two acceleration gaps. Because
a broad range of velocity had to be covered, the gap
length and cavity diameter of the SC section were optimized to minimize the number of QWRs in the section. The energy gain of each gap was calculated basedon hard-edge approximation. The gap voltage was assumed to be 800 kV, and the synchronous phase waschosen to be -25◦. After several iterations, we determined a length d = 160 mm, which is the length between the gap centers, and a total cavity number of
56. The gap length was decided to be 60 mm.
The modular conﬁguration of the SC section was
optimized based on ﬁrst-order approximation for thetransverse and longitudinal motions. Some conﬁgurations were checked to determine whether a semiperiodic envelope could be obtained with moderatestrength focusing elements, while keeping the longitu∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center

73
100
∼7
1.4
11.0
56
14
28
43
φ300
1103
60
800
0.078
φ40
-25
4.5
22.6
718
25
9.0×108
6.5×1011
4.0
4.5
6.0
9.5

Further study is under way on the SC QWR, including the mechanical considerations, tuner design,and coupler design. We are also going to start thermal and mechanical studies of cryostats based on theinitial design shown above.
References
1) J. Ohnishi et al.: Proc. of Cyclotrons2013, MOPPT022(2014).
2) K. Yamada et al.: Proc. of SRF2013, MOP021, 137(2014).

- 141 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Recent development of RIKEN 28-GHz superconducting electron cyclotron
resonance ion source†
Y. Higurashi,*1 J. Ohnishi,*1 K. Ozeki,*1 M. Kidera,*1 and T. Nakagawa＊1
Over the past several years, we have endeavored to
improve the performance of the RIKEN superconducting
electron cyclotron resonance ion source using several
methods.1,2) For the production of U vapor, we employed the
sputtering method, although the beam intensity in thismethod is assumed to be weaker than that in the oventechnique. We also used an aluminum (Al) chamber insteadof a stainless steel (SS) one. It is possible to observe theso-called “wall-coating effect.”3) Using these methods, we
successfully produced ∼180 eμA of U35+ and ∼230 eμA of
U33+ at the injected radio frequency (RF) power of ∼4 kW(28 GHz). Very recently, with the aim of further increasing
the beam intensity of U35+, we have the development ofhigh-temperature oven and have successfully produced ahighly charged U ion beam.
In this paper, we present a detailed report on the effect of
the Al chamber on the beam intensity of highly charged U
ion beams. We also report the effects of the two-frequency
injection method on the U ion beam intensity.
For this experiment, the maximum mirror magnetic fieldstrength at the RF injection side (Binj), minimum strength ofthe mirror magnetic field (Bmin)4), maximum mirror
magnetic field strength at the beam extraction side (Bext),
and minimum magnetic field strength at the surface of theplasma chamber (Br) were fixed at 3.2, 0.65, 1.8, and 1.85 T,
respectively. The microwave frequency generated by the
gyrotron was 28 GHz. The diameters and lengths of both
plasma chambers (Al and SS) were 150 and 575 mm,
respectively. The typical sputtering voltage wasapproximately −5.5 kV. We used oxygen as the ionized gas.
The gas pressure was (4–5) × 10−5 Pa. The extraction
voltage was fixed at 22 kV in these experiments. Figure 1
shows the charge state distributions of the highly charged U
ion beams. The open and closed circles denoted the resultsin the cases where SS and Al chambers, respectively wereused. The injected RF power was 2 kW for both cases. The
ion source was tuned to produce U35+. As shown in Fig. 1,
the intensity of the highly charged U ion beam producedwith the Al chamber was higher than that produced with the
SS chamber. For example, the intensity of the U35+ beam
produced with the Al chamber was 110 eμA, which was
almost twice the value (60 eμA) obtained with the SS
chamber.
Ever since enhancement of the beam intensity of thehighly charged heavy ions was achieved by injecting power
at two frequencies simultaneously,5) this mechanism has
been investigated and used at several laboratories toincrease the beam intensity. At RIKEN too, we employed†

Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum 85, 02A953 (2014)
RIKEN Nishina Center＊1

Fig. 1. Charge state distribution of the U ions with the Al
chamber (closed circles) and SS chamber (open circles).
this method to increase the beam intensity. Figure 2 shows
the beam intensity of U35+ as a function of Bmin. The
opencircles represent the beam intensity of the U ions undera single frequency operation (28 GHz [1.5 kW]). At thelower Bmin, we added an RF power of 500 W (18 GHz). The
closed circles denote the results obtained with 28 GHz (1.5
kW) + 18 GHz (500 W). The beam intensity at a Bmin of
0.57 T (18 + 28 GHz) was slightly higher than that at a Bminof 0.66 T (28 GHz). On comparing results with those at Bminof 0.66 T with a 2 kW injection (28 GHz), we did not findany beam enhancement in this experiment. However, as
shown in Fig. 2, the X-ray heat load with a Bmin of 0.57 T islower than that with a Bmin of 0.66 T; this is mainly due tothe magnetic field gradient effect. As we obtained nearly thesame beam intensity with a lower X-ray heat load, thisresult indicates that the two-frequency injection could be
advantageous for our SC-ECRIS.

Fig. 2. Beam intensity of U35+ with two frequencies (18 +28 GHz) for several Bmin values and with a single frequency(28 GHz) for Bmin = 0.66 T (upper panel). X-ray heat load in
the cryostat with two frequencies (18 + 28 GHz) (closed
circles) and a single frequency (28 GHz) (closed squares)
for several Bmin values (lower panel).
References
1) Y. Higurashi, et al.:Rev. Sci.Instrum. 83, 02A308 (2012).
2) T. Nakagawa et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A320 (2010).
3) T. Nakagawa: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 30, L930 (1991).
4) G. D. Alton and D. N. Smithe, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 65(1994) 775
5) Z. Q. Xie and C. Lyneis: in Proceedings of the 12th
International Workshop on ECRIS, Wako, INS-J-182(University of Tokyo, 1995), p. 24.

- 142 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of high-temperature oven for 28-GHz ECR ion source
J. Ohnishi,＊1 Y. Higurashi,＊1 M. Kidera,＊1 K. Ozeki,＊1 A. Uchiyama,＊1 and T. Nakagawa＊1
U35+ ions extracted from the 28-GHz superconducting
ECR ion source1) are used to supply uranium beams to the
RIBF. Although we have thus far used the sputtering
method, in which uranium is supplied in the ion source
plasma by directly inserting a metal uranium rod, we began
developing a high-temperature oven2) with the aim ofincreasing and stabilizing the beams. Because the ovenmethod uses UO2, a crucible must be heated to atemperature higher than 1900°C to supply an appropriate
amount of UO2 vapor to the inside of the ion source.
Figures 1 and 2 show the dimensions of the crucible andillustrate the oven in its entirety. The crucible isjoule-heated with a large DC electric current. The crucible,
made by machining a tungsten rod, is supported with upperand lower water-cooled copper blocks. The electric current
and cooling water are supplied through brass double pipes.
The crucible was designed by performing the electric,
thermal, and structural analyses simultaneously using
ANSYS.3) Figure 3 shows the temperature distribution of
the oven, calculated by ANSYS. The boundary conditions
are as follows: The temperature of the cooling water is
27°C, the heat transfer coefficient from the water to thecopper block is 5000 W/m2/K, and the voltage between theupper and lower copper blocks is 1.25 V. The radiation
coefficient of tungsten was assumed to be 0.25. The electric
current was calculated to be 439 A. The maximum
temperature of the body is 2041°C, and the temperatures ofthe bottom and the cap are 1960−2000°C.
The oven is placed in a solenoid magnetic field ofapproximately 3.3 T, which is orthogonal to the axis of the
crucible. Therefore, if an electric current of 450 A flows
through the crucible, the crucible is subjected to anelectromagnetic force of approximately 40 N. According to
the ANSYS calculation, a maximum stress of 160 MPa is
generated around the tapered parts on the crucible bodysides of the upper and lower rods. Since the temperature ofthese tapered parts increases to higher than 1800°C, it was
expected that this stress level could result in the
deformation and destruction of the crucible with thedecrease in the tungsten’s strength. In fact, bends in theupper and lower rods were observed after operation.
We installed the oven loaded with UO2 in the 28 ECR ion
source and tested the generation of uranium beams in April
2013 after a temperature rise test and temperature
measurement in a test chamber. In the first test, the oven
was operated for 42h and a U35+ beam current of 140 A
was successfully obtained at an RF power of approximately
3 kW. After the first test, operation tests of the oven were
executed intermittently from July to December. The
operation time was a total of 29 days. Although we could
maintain a U35+ beam current of 50−80 A at an RF powerof 1.5 kW for a maximum of one week, the beam currents＊1

often decreased to less than half in 7−8h. This decrease
resulted from UO2 blocking the crucible ejection hole.
Since the cause of the ejection hole’s blockage was assumed
to be that the temperatures of the cap of the crucible and theupper part of the hole are lower than the temperature of thebottom, we reduced the thicknesses of the cap and brim by
0.2 mm. Figure 1 shows the schematic after this reduction.
Presently, we have just started to test the crucible of the new
design. We are also investigating the use of rhenium insteadof tungsten, which has better creep characteristic strength athigh temperature for solving the bends and fracture of therods of the crucible.

Fig. 1. Schematic of the tungsten crucible. The axis of the
crucible is oriented vertically.

Fig. 2. Schematic of the crucible and support.

Fig. 3. Temperature distribution of the oven calculated by
ANSYS.

References

1) Y. Higurashi, et al., Rev. Sci. Instr. 83, 02A308 (2012).
2) J. Ohnishi, et al., Rev. Sci. Instr. 85, 02A941 (2014).
3) http://www.ansys.com/

RIKEN Nishina Center- 143 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Improved beryllium disk stripper for uranium acceleration at RIKEN RIBF
H. Hasebe,＊1 H. Kuboki,＊1 H. Okuno,＊1 H. Imao,＊1 N. Fukunishi,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 and O. Kamigaito＊1
In 2012, we first attempted to use a rotating beryllium(Be) disk with 0.1 mm thick as the second charge stripper
for uranium (U) acceleration1). The Be stripper was
successfully provided stable high-intensity U beam (several
electric μA on average) during a beam time of 37 days
using a single disk with no exchange. The lifetime of the
stripper was extended drastically compared to before. The
total number of U particles irradiated on one foil/disk
increased from 7.12 × 1015 (carbon foil in 2011) to 1.18 ×
1018 (Be disk in 2012). A remaining problem was
improvement of the thickness uniformity for improving thetransmission efficiencies of the subsequent cyclotron IRC
and SRC. In addition, the Be disk with a slightly thinner
thickness of 0.085 mm was found to be better to match theinjection energy of the IRC.
A thinner Be disk, with a thickness of 0.085 mm, wasfabricated by Pascal Co., Ltd.2), who proposed a special
machining method. They reduced the Be disk thickness of
0.15 mm to the desired thickness of 0.085 mm by only
diamond-polishing both sides of the disk; diamondpolishing was used because in the previous study, we hadfound that the standard buff finish process made thickness
uniformity worse.

The polished new Be disk was used for a beam time from
April to May 2013. The outer diameter of the disk was 120
mm, and the thickness was 0.085 mm, with a tolerance of 
0.005 mm. The arithmetic average roughness (Ra) was lessthan 0.01 μm. A U64+ beam at 50 MeV/nucleon wasirradiated on the Be disk, which rotated at 1000 rpm. Figure
1 shows the polished new Be disk before installation. Figure
2 shows a photograph of the disk after the beam time. As in
the previous beam time, the outer circumference of thebeam-irradiated part (black band in Fig. 2) was deformed
when the irradiated U beam intensity was increased toseveral electric μA. However, unlike the last beam time, nocracks were observed.
The improvement in the thickness uniformity is shown infigure 33). The figure shows the beam intensity trends asmonitored by Phase Probe (PP)-G01 (G01: downstream of
SRC). The vertical and horizontal axes indicate the beam
intensity and scan time, respectively. Signals stay at“beam-on level” in the figure if beams are provided fromthe SRC, whereas signals drop to the bottom “beam-off
level” if no beam is available. The upper and lower parts are
the trends measured in November 2012 and May 2013,
respectively. The red square parts denote a single rotation
period of the Be disk (60 ms). Availability of the U beams
was improved from 90.7% to 98.8%. A total of 9.29 × 1017
U particles were irradiated on the Be disk over 30 days. It
has been shown that the polished new Be disk is now readyfor practical use.

Fig. 1. Polished new Be disk.

Fig. 3. Signals of phase probe monitor (PP-G01). Verticalaxis: beam intensity. Horizontal: scan time.
References
Fig.2. Slightly deformed Be disk after irradiation.
＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center

1) H. Hasebe et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 133 (2013).
2) PASCAL CO., LTD.
URL: http://www.pascal-co-ltd.co.jp/home.html
3) R. Koyama et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 729 (2013) 788-799.

- 144 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Test of diﬀerential pumping system with plasma window using gas
cell
H. Kuboki,∗1 H. Okuno,∗1 A. Hershcovitch,∗2 T. Dantsuka,∗1 H. Hasebe,∗1 K. Ikegami,∗1 H. Imao,∗1
O. Kamigaito,∗1 M. Kase,∗1 T. Maie,∗1 T. Nakagawa,∗1 and Y. Yano∗1∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)

the conventional differential pumping system withouta PW, as estimated in advance.3) Also, P0 reached
130 kPa, which is the maximum value of the gauge.
The P1 and P2 values were 30 and 4.5×10−2 Pa for
Ar and 36 and 1.4×10−1 Pa for He, respectively. Further tests using a PW with an enlarged orifice of 4 mmdiameter are planned in the near future.
1st chamber

Gas feed (Ar/He)
Baratron gauge(measure P0)

Mechanical Booster Pump
+ Rotary Pump
+ Scroll Pump
365 m3/h × 2 (Total 730 m3/h)

2nd chamber

Pirani gauge(measure P2) Cold cathode gauge
Flow constrictor(measure P2)
φ6, L=150 mm

Plasma Window

P1

P0

P2

Gas cellWater Jacket

0

Pirani gauge
and Cold cathode gauge(measure P1)
50

Turbomolecular Pump
792 m3/h
100 cm

P2 Pressure (Pa) P1 Pressure (Pa)Fig. 1. Differential pumping system with PW.

Flow rate (SLM)

A differential pumping system with a plasma window (PW)1) has been developed for application to
charge strippers using high-density hydrogen or helium (He) gases, which have a small atomic number.
We tested the system with a PW operation using a gas
cell where argon (Ar) or He gases were confined up to
100 kPa (1 atm). Figure 1 shows a schematic of thesystem. The system consists of a gas cell, a PW, andtwo chambers. The PW has a central bore of 2 mm diameter, which isolates the gas cell from the first chamber. Gas was injected to the gas cell and flowed into
the first chamber through the PW. As stated in theprevious report,2) the two chambers were differentiallypumped. The first chamber was mainly evacuated by
two mechanical booster pumps with a total pumping
rate of approximately 730 m3 ·h−1 . The second chamber was evacuated by a turbomolecular pump (TMP)
with a pumping rate of 792 m3 ·h−1 . The first andsecond chambers were connected via a flow constrictor
with an inner diameter of 6 mm and length of 15 cm.
At first, the plasma was ignited by Ar gas injection.
Next, gas flow rates were increased so that a pressureof 100 kPa was attained at the gas cell (P0 ). The typical flow rate for Ar was maintained at 2.3 SLM to keep
P0 at 100 kPa at an arc current of 15 A per cathode.
Subsequently, we replaced the injected Ar gas with Hegas. We successfully operated the PW with He gas
maintaining P0 at 100 kPa. The flow rate of He forkeeping P0 = 100 kPa was 4.5 SLM at an arc current of 26 A. The differential pumping efficiency wasevaluated by the pressures at the first (P1 ) and second
chambers (P2 ). The pressures P1 and P2 in the casesof Ar and He are plotted as functions of arc currents
in Figs. 2 (a) and (b), respectively. The solid circles
and triangles denote Ar and He data, respectively. The
plotted data were adequately corrected depending on
the gas species. The maximum pressures of P0 in theabsence of the PW operation were 15 and 9 kPa, maintaining P1 at 20 and 40 Pa in the cases of Ar and He,
respectively. The maximum P0 values were increased
by 6.7 times for Ar and 11.5 times for He when the
PW operation occurred. We found that the lowest arc
currents per cathode for keeping P0 at 100 kPa were
11 and 26 A for Ar and He, respectively.
The gas flow rates for keeping P0 at 100 kPa are also
dependent on the arc currents, as shown in Fig. 2 (c).
It is noteworthy that the flow rate of He can be reducedby more than one order of magnitude as compared to4030(a) P1

Ar
He

20
10
0.15

(b) P2

0.10
0.05
0
5
4

(c) Flow rate32
1

10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38
Arc current (A)Fig. 2. Pressures (a) P1 and (b) P2 , and (c) flow rates
in cases of Ar and He are plotted as functions of arc
current. Please see the text for details.

References
1) A. Hershcovitch: J. Appl. Phys. 78 5283 (1995).
2) H. Kuboki et al.: J. Rad. Ana. Nucl. Chem. 297 (2013).
3) H. Okuno et al.: Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14 033503(2011).

- 145 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Charge state distribution measurement of 86 Kr in H2 and He gases at
2.7 MeV/nucleon
H. Kuboki,∗1 H. Okuno,∗1 H. Hasebe,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 E. Ikezawa,∗1 H. Imao,∗1 O. Kamigaito,∗1
and M. Kase∗1∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center

the maximum magnetic rigidity of the dipole magnet
for selecting charge states was 0.97 T·m, the data are
insufficient to reproduce charge distributions in N2 gas.
It is found that the H2 gas stripper can be used for86
Kr acceleration. In addition, the charge states inHe are sufficiently high for 78 Kr acceleration, since thelowest charge state of 78 Kr acceptable for RRC is 23+.
Further development of a differential pumping systemusing orifices with a bore diameter larger than 10 mm
is necessary for practical use.
cold cathode gauge (PU3)sapphire capacitancepirani gauge (PU3)diaphragm gauge (PD1)baratron gauge (PU1)e42: 8.0 m

aperture 4 mmφstage U2
MBP
365 m3/hcold cathode gauge (PD3)pirani gauge (PD3)stage D2
MBP
365 m3/h

XReb: 3.1 m
J28: 7.5 mchamber X51b

stage 1: 100 cm

chamber X51a

length 10 cm
TMP
792 m3/hstage U3
TMP
1980 m3/hpirani gauge (PX51)
pirani gauge (PU2)
cold cathode gauge (PX51)

gas inlet

stage D3
TMP
1980 m3/h

TMP
792 m3/hpirani gauge (PD2)050100 cmFig. 1. Schematic of the gas charge stripper. Please see thetext for details.
0.40.3(a) H2

0.2
Fraction (normalized)

We can obtain heavy ions with higher charge statesin gases with small atomic numbers (low-Z gas) suchas hydrogen (H2 ) or helium (He) as compared to otherstandard gases (nitrogen (N2 ) or argon).1) Recently,
a windowless He gas stripper utilizing a strong differential pumping system has been constructed for
uranium (U) beams at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF).2) It has successfully functioned and has
provided high intensity U beams stably.
The possibility of application of low-Z gas charge
strippers to krypton (Kr) beam acceleration at the
RIBF has been studied. The first stripper for 86 Kr acceleration is located downstream of the RILAC, where
the exit energy becomes 2.7 MeV/nucleon. Carbon
foils with thicknesses of 40–80 µg/cm2 have been usedas the first stripper to obtain 86 Kr26+ for accelerationby the subsequent cyclotron RRC.3) A low-Z gas stripper can be one of the candidates for a long-lived stripper if a sufficient fraction of 26+ is obtained.
We have developed a prototype of a gas stripper
and measured the charge state distributions of 86 Kr
in H2 and He with different thicknesses. The 86 Kr20+
beams at 2.7 MeV/nucleon were transported to thegas stripper. A schematic of the gas stripper with its
differential pumping system is shown in Fig. 1. Gases
were injected in the target region (stage 1) located at
the center. The length of the target region was 100 cm.
The other stages, U2, D2, U3, and D3, are also shown
along with the pumping speeds of their respective attached pumps. A 10-cm-long tube with 4-mm inner diameter was installed between each stage. The charge
state distributions of 86 Kr in H2 and He are shownin Fig. 2. The fractions calculated for H2 , He, andN2 are plotted in the figure. In Fig. 2 (a), the data
for the H2 gas with thicknesses of 10, 23, 46, 68, and107 µg/cm2 are denoted by asterisks, x-marks, open
triangles, open squares, and open diamonds, respectively. In Fig. 2 (b), the data for the He gas withthicknesses of 16, 29, 59, 124, and 247 µg/cm2 are denoted by asterisks, open triangles, open circles, open
squares, and open diamonds, respectively. Finally, inFig. 2 (c), The data for N2 gas with thicknesses of13, 36, 817, and 1221 µg/cm2 are denoted by asterisks, open triangles, open circles, open squares, andopen diamonds, respectively. The mean charge statesof 86 Kr in H2 and He gases attained equilibrium at 25.1
and 23.2, respectively. The fraction of 86 Kr26+ in H2
is 32% at equilibrium. The mean charge state in N2 atequilibrium was estimated to be lower than 20+. Since

10 µg/cm2 ( 107 Pa)
23
( 227
)
46
( 467
)
68
( 693
)
107
(1093
)

0.1
0
0.3

(b) He0.2

16 µg/cm2 ( 80 Pa)
29
( 160
)
59
( 320
)
124
( 667
)
247
(1333
)

0.1
0
0.3

(c) N20.2

13 µg/cm2 ( 9 Pa)
36
( 27
)
817
(547
)
1221
(813
)

0.1
0
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29
Charge stateFig. 2. Charge distributions of 86 Kr in (a) H2 , (b) He, and(c) N2 gases. Please see the text for details.

References
1) H. Okuno et al.: Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 14 033503(2011).
2) H. Imao et al.: Proc. of IPAC’13, Shanghai, China(2013), p. 3851.
3) H. Hasebe et al.: Proc. of 17th Int. Conf. on Cyclotrons
and Their Applications, Tokyo, Japan (2004), p. 313.

- 146 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Air stripper for high-intensity xenon beam
H. Imao,∗1 H. Okuno,∗1 H. Kuboki,∗1 O. Kamigaito,∗1 H. Hasebe,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 M. Fujimaki,∗1 M. Kase,∗1
and Y. Yano∗1
Intensity upgrade of very heavy ions such as U and
Xe beams is one of the main concerns at the RIKENRadioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF). A new injector, RILAC2, which includes a 28-GHz superconducting electron cyclotron resonance ion source1) , hasbeen successfully developed and became fully operational in the ﬁscal year 2011. In the acceleration withRILAC2, the possible output intensities have been
principally limited by the lifetime problem of the carbon foil strippers. The recently developed recirculating helium gas stripper successfully solved the lifetime
problem of the ﬁrst-stage carbon foil stripper in the usewith U beams at 11 MeV/u2) . However, the lifetime
problem was an issue for the second-stage stripper aswell. In the previous runs with Xe beams in 2012, it
was necessary to replace the second-stage carbon-foil
stripper every 8 h because of the decreasing thickness.
In the present study, we developed a very-thick air
stripper as a second-stage stripper applicable for Xebeams at 51 MeV/u. We also tried Xe-beam acceleration only with gas strippers (the ﬁrst-stage is N2 gas
and the second stage is air) for the ﬁrst time in the
RIBF user runs.
The thickness required to obtain the equilibrium
charge state of the beams increases signiﬁcantly athigher beam injection energies. In the present case,the second-stage stripper also functions as an energy
degrader that changes the output energy of a ﬁxedfrequency cyclotron (fRC) which is approximately
51 MeV/u, to the injection energy of the subsequent
cyclotron IRC which is approximately 46 MeV/u. The
required thickness of the second air stripper is about
30 times higher than the thickness for the ﬁrst-stage
helium stripper. Also, the required pressure at the target region is four times higher than that for the helium
stripper.
The new charge stripping system was constructedin the E1 room after the fRC. The same technology ofdiﬀerential pumping for windowless gas conﬁnement as
the prototype He gas stripper2) was applied to the new
system. The stripper consists of two tube-separated
ﬁve-stage diﬀerential pumping systems with 17 pumps(Fig. 1). It is designed to achieve vacuum reduction
from the target pressure of 25 kPa to 10−5 Pa withina length of 1 m while ensuring a 8.5-mm beam path.
We conﬁned a very thick gas target, up to
20 mg/cm2 of air, in a 51-cm target chamber. Air in
the E1 room was continuously compressed and the inlet pressure of a pressure regulator was kept at 0.7 MPa
with a relief valve. The regulator’s secondary pressure∗1

was set to 0.4 MPa to deliver a steady ﬂow to thetarget via a mass-ﬂow controller. High-ﬂow air up to
400 STL/min was introduced to the target chamber.
Because we used air in the room, which could be inexhaustible, we did not need any recirculation system in
the air stripper.
The stripper construction was completed in March2013 and stably operated as the second-stage stripper
in user runs performed in June 2013. We also used
nitrogen gas (0.2 mg/cm2 ), which is conﬁned in thesame system of the recirculating helium gas stripper
as the ﬁrst-stage stripper in the user runs. The availability (actual beam service time/scheduled beam service time) of Xe beams at 345 MeV/u in the user runs
reached 91%3) . The maximum beam intensity reached
38 pnA, and the average intensity provided to users becomes approximately four times higher than it was in2012. The new down time-free gas stripper contributed
substantially to these improvements.
We note that this is the ﬁrst observation of successfulof the acceleration only with gas strippers at the RIBF,
which is an important cornerstone for next-generation
high-intensity heavy ion accelerators.
840 mm
124

840 mm

Xe40+

124

Air target
5-stage diﬀerential pumping

124Xe40+

Xe52+

5-stage diﬀerential pumping

Air target; 25 kPa 20 mg/cm2

124Xe52+

46 MeV/u

51 MeV/ucompressed air (<400 SLM)

17 big pumps array

Glow of Xe beams in air

Fig. 1. A schematic view of the air stripper (upper). Pictures of the air stripper and glowing 100-pnA xenon
beams (lower).

References
1) Y.Higurashi et al.: Rev. Sci Instr. 83, 02A308 (2012).
2) H. Imao et al., Cyclotrons 2013, Vancouver (2013).
3) N. Fukunishi et al., Cyclotrons 2013, Vancouver (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center- 147 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory†
K. Suda,∗1 N. Sakamoto,∗1 K. Yamada,∗1 S. Arai,∗1 Y. Chiba,∗1 M. Kase,∗1 H. Okuno,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 and
O. Kamigaito∗1
A recent intensity upgrade for uranium and xenon
beams at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory required theconstruction of a new injector linac, RILAC2. The
acceleration system consists of three drift tube linac
cavities (DTL1, DTL2, and DTL3) that operate at
f0 = 36.5 MHz in CW mode. The cavity structure isbased on a quarter-wavelength resonator, since its sizeis the smallest in this frequency range among the available cavity structures. The DTL3 was built by modifying the decelerating cavity of the Charge State Multiplier (CSM)1–3) . Because specifications for the DTL3
were similar to those for the CSM, the design was performed carefully, comparing our simulation with theactual cavity to check the validity of the design procedure. Finally, the DTL3 was built by removing a
movable shorting plate and relocating the drift tubes.
The other two cavities were newly constructed.
The most significant characteristic of the design isthe adoption of the direct coupling method for amplifiers connected to the cavity. The amplifier using atetrode 4CW50,000E (Eimac) is directly connected tothe cavity with a capacitive coupler. Load resistancefor the tetrode, or an input impedance, was assumed
to be Z0 = 700 Ω in the design. Direct coupling reduces the number of parts, such as the stub and output capacitor, thereby reducing size and construction
cost. However, as the resonant frequency of the cavity changes significantly because of the capacitance ofthe tetrode, the cavity design cannot be independentof the amplifier design.
The design procedure we used comprises the following two steps. We first design the cavity itself without the coupler. We then design the combined cavity
and amplifier system, determining the coupling capacitance and size of the cavity. It is helpful to evaluate load impedance of the tetrode using the lumped
circuit model, but modeling the coupler as a lumped
element neglects some effects; namely, the coupler occupies a certain volume inside the cavity, so capacitance between the outer conductor and the coupler is
non-negligible, making it difficult to estimate the resonant frequency shift due to the coupler. Because ofthis frequency shift, geometric parameters such as cavity height must be carefully determined. we design the
The cavity without a coupler was designed first using
CST Microwave Studio 2009 (MWS)4) . We optimized
the shape of parts constituting the resonator, such as†∗1

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instrum. and Methods
in Phys. Res. A 722, 55–64 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center

gaps between the drift tubes, stem geometry, and theinner diameters of the coaxial section, using the eigenmode solver of the MWS to obtain a high parallel shunt
impedance considering height and radius limitations.
We also calculated RF power loss distributions to determine the flow rate of cooling water for each part.
When determining the frequency of the resonator, it is
crucial to consider the effect of the coupler; attaching
the coupler to the cavity can result in a frequency shift
as large as −300 kHz. The target frequency f0 of thecavity determined by considering the coupler effect canbe realized by adjusting the cavity height. The measured frequency shift against a cavity height of DTL3
was approximately 18 kHz/mm. We must determine
the cavity height within an accuracy of ±4 mm to realize a frequency within ±73 kHz around f0 .
RF simulations of the cavity including the coupler
were performed next. The calculated frequency shift
due to the coupler was −290 kHz. Further frequency
shifts due to the tetrode were estimated with the aidof the frequency domain solver. The load impedanceof the tetrode Z  (f ) was roughly estimated by adding
a lumped capacitance of tetrode Cp in parallel as
1/Z  (f ) = 1/Z(f ) + j2πf Cp . Z  (f ) takes a real valueof 750 Ω, which was close to Z0 . The frequency shift
due to the tetrode was estimated to be −19 kHz.
The cavity height of the DTL3 was finally determined by taking these frequency shifts into account.
The calculated shift with the tetrode and coupler
was −309 kHz, and the measured frequency shift was−288 kHz. The estimation agreed well with the measurement. We also estimated the coupling strength using the frequency domain solver. Input impedance wascalculated with various diameters of the coupling disk.
Combining the result with the frequency dependence of
the impedance Z  (f ), we concluded that a plate disk
with a diameter of approximately 130 mm would besuited to obtain the desirable load resistance of 700 Ω
at f0 . Based on these estimations, the diameter of thecoupling disk was adjusted by making iterative measurements with the real structure of the cavity, so thatthe desirable load resistance was successfully obtained.
References
1) O. Kamigaito et al., Proceedings of LINAC’98, Chicago,
TU4085, 603 (1998).
2) O. Kamigaito et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 34, 322(2001).
3) O. Kamigaito et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 76, 013306(2005).
4) http://www.cst.com.

- 148 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Renewal of automatic tuning systems for RILAC cavities
K. Yamada,∗1 K. Oyamada,∗2 and N. Sakamoto∗1
The RIKEN Linear Accelerator (RILAC) plays animportant role with an injector to the RIBF for heavyions up to krypton as well as solo acceleration forsuper-heavy element synthesis. The resonance frequency of RILAC cavities is conserved by moving alarge compensator using a feedback system, whichmainly varies according to the capacitive reactance ofcavity, because the frequency is ﬂuctuated by disturbances such as heat or pressure. The basic principleof a frequency tuning system is that a relative phase
diﬀerence between rf signals from a cavity pickup andan ampliﬁer input is detected and the compensator is
moved so as to keep the phase diﬀerence constant. The
previous frequency tuning system caused much interruption of the machine time, because the inert responseof feedback led to tripping of ampliﬁer, and the driftof phase reference during a long-term operation had
to be adjusted locally by stopping the beam acceleration. Therefore, a new frequency tuning system has
been developed to realize long-term operation without
interruption.

local-oscillator signal, and converted to a 14-bit digital
signal. Each digital signal is translated to in-phase (I)and quadrature-phase (Q) signals and the phase difference is determined by digital processing in a ﬁeldprogrammable gate array. The phase diﬀerence data iscorrected by an applied reference phase to produce thephase deviation from the reference phase and output
to a digital interface. The reference phase can be set
to an arbitrary value or the present value of the phase
output by a local and remote one-push button.
The old tuning system used a geared print motor,
which was a DC motor whose rotation speed could not
be controllable accurately. By fabricating a mounting
plate and driveshaft coupling, the motor was replaced
by a new stepping motor. The stepping motor is controlled by a programmable logic controller (PLC) withthe principle of proportional speed control feedback
based on the phase diﬀerence data. The maximum
moving speed, feedback gain, and neutral zone can be
accurately set locally and remotely.

Fig. 2. Control unit of the new tuning system built in theexisting RF control system for RILAC cavity 5.

Fig. 1. Block diagram of the new frequency tuning system
for RILAC cavities 5 and 6.

We replaced the tuning system for RILAC cavities 5
and 6 at ﬁrst, because their rated voltage was higher
and they experienced frequent trips. Figure 1 showsa block diagram of the new frequency tuning system.
Although the basic principle is the same as the old one,much improvement was achieved, as follows.
A tuning controller (phase detector) was newly developed based on the concept of digital signal processing. Since the requied responce speed of the feedback
is not very high (it includes a mechanical system), thetwo input rf signals are reduced to an intermediate frequency (455 kHz) by a double-balanced mixer with a∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

Figure 2 shows the control unit of the new tuning
system built in the existing RF control system for RILAC cavity 5. Since the existing PLC was discontinued, we introduced an additional PLC only for thetuning system. A touch panel for the local operationof the tuning system is shared with that for the RF
control system. The new tuning system was successfully commissioned in Dec. 2012 on cavity 5, and thereplacement for cavity 6 was carried out in Feb. 2013.
Owing to the renewal, the stability of feedback was signiﬁcantly improved and work on its availability duringlong-term operation is currently in progress.
At the time of the renewal of ampliﬁers for RILAC
cavities 1 and 2 in the winter of ﬁscal year 2013, the
new tuning controller was introduced for these cavities.
The residual tuning system for cavities 3 and 4 will be
replaced in parallel with the renewal of ampliﬁers in
the future.

- 149 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Replacement of main coils of RRC-W sector magnet
Y. Watanabe,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 N. Fukunishi,＊1 T. Maie,＊1 K. Kumagai,＊1 M. Nagase,＊1 O. Kamigaito,＊1
S. Fukuzawa,＊2 M. Hamanaka,＊2 S. Ishikawa,＊2 K. Kobayashi,＊2 Y. Kotaka,＊2 R. Koyama,＊2
T. Nakamura,＊2 M. Nishida,＊2 M. Nishimura,＊2 J. Shibata,＊2 N. Tsukiori,＊2 and K. Yadomi＊2
The RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC) has been in stable
operation for over 27 years, and it is expected to work as afirst-stage energy booster in any acceleration mode of theRadioactive Isotope Beam Factory (RIBF) in the future.
Recently, some problems caused by age-related deterioration have often been occurring in the RRC. In 2011, alayer shorting was found at the upper main coil of theRRC-E sector magnet, and we replaced it with a new one in
the summer of 2012. 1) Furthermore, the lower main coil of
RRC-W sector magnet also showed signs of layer shortingin June 2012. This layer shorting of the RRC-W sector
magnet was a recurrence of the instance of shorting
experienced and repaired in 1999. We again attempted to
repair it, as in 1999, but the fluctuations of the coil voltage
and magnetic fields were not fully improved. So, we
decided to replace the damaged lower main coil and thedeteriorated upper main coil of the RRC-W sector magnet
with new main coils in FY2013. Fabrication of the newmain coils required four months, and the replacement task
had been scheduled over a period of eight weeks within thesummer maintenance period. This was done because we hadno experience in replacing the lower main coil of the RRC
in our twenty-six year operation. Table 1 lists thereplacement schedule of the main coil of the RRC-W sector
magnet in 2013.
In the replacement task, three difficulties were anticipated, as shown in Fig. 1. The first one is how to deposit
and store yokes, poles, the main vacuum chamber, and thebeam injection line that was removed temporarily in the
RRC room. Because of their heavy weight and large size,these removed parts were carried to and stored on the S, N,
and E sector magnet, in addition to the south side ofresonator No. 2, and in front of the shield door between the
RRC room and the D room. The removed main coils werecarried out from the RRC room and stored in the IRC room.
The second difficulty is that we have to loosen and tighten
13 bolts for fixing the vacuum chambers onto the magnetic
pole surfaces. Since these bolts were in the deep and narrowvacuum chamber, we ran a test successfully by using an air
drive tool having a long grip in advance in the winter of2013. The last difficulty is the silver alloy brazing of copper
pipes used for cooling water and electrification of trim coils.
116 pipes were cut to remove main vacuum chamber andpoles, and parts of the cut pipes were newly fabricated andcleaned for a new silver alloy brazing. Because of the highnumber of copper pipes, it took a week to braze these pipes
with a silver alloy. Furthermore, because several pipe fixing
plastic plates were used for the fixation of pipes andmaintaining vacuum, we had to frequently investigate thevacuum leak from the sub-vacuum chamber.
The present performance of the RRC-W sector magnet
is greatly improved, as shown in Fig. 2. Though themagnetic field of the RRC-W sector magnet before thereplacement had been fluctuating over a wide range of±5ppm, at present, the RRC-W sector magnet has a stable
magnetic field without a fluctuation.
Beam
injection line

Removed main coils
Removed yokes

S sector
Main vacuum
chamber / poleE sector

W sector

Silver alloy
brazing
Copperpipe

Trim coil
N sector

Resonator
No.1

Pipe fixing
plastic plates

Fig. 1. Deposition and storage of removed parts and copper
pipes of trim coil after silver alloy brazing.

Table 1 Replacement schedule of main coils in 2013.
Mar. Initiation of production of new main coils
Removal of resonators, beam injection line, valley
11-31 Jul. chamber, yokes, main coils, main chamber/poles,
certain cables, pipes, decks, etc.
1-10 Aug. Fabrication/cleaning of copper pipes for trim coils
Carrying in and out of main coils, restoration of main
5-16 Aug.
chamber/poles and vacuum test
19 Aug.
Restoration of yokes, beam injection line, resonators,- 6 Sep. valley chamber, certain cables, pipes, decks, etc.
26-31 Aug. Silver alloy brazing of copper pipes and leak test
6-13 Sep. Starting up of RRC＊1＊2

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

Time [min]Fig. 2. Fluctuation of magnetic field before and after the
replacement of main coils.
References

1) Y. Watanabe et al.: RIKEN APR 2012, p.130.

- 150 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Replacement of the RIKEN ring cyclotron (RRC)
power supplies
K. Kumagai,*1 M. Nagase,*1 and N. Fukunishi*1
The RIKEN ring cyclotron (RRC) has been in operation
since 1986. The magnet power supplies that have been
operating for 28 years were generally aging. For example,
their capacitors have exceeded their service life and coolingwater has been leaking from pinholes that open on theblocks for thyristor cooling.
This year, we decided to replace the main coil power
supply and several trim coil power supplies. The
specifications of these power supplies are shown in Table 1.
The replaced six power supplies for the trim coil arebeing used for the coils 4E, 4S, 5E, 5S, 26E, and 27E. The
maximum current of the power supplies has been increased
from 500 to 600 A in order to obtain a margin of adjustment
for cyclotron’s magnetic field. The 4th trim coils were usedat the same polarity for various beam operations, thepolarity switching systems were not equipped.
The main coil of each sector magnet was composed of
two coils. One coil was connected to power supply M1, andthe other was connected to power supply M2. M2 also had
four bypass circuits (100A-34V), which compensated forthe variation in the magnetization of four sector magnets.
The new main-coil power supply is connected to two coils
that are rewired in series as shown in Fig. 1.

the beam operation because it is placed in the same room as
the RRC magnets. As a result, there is a risk of malfunction
due to the radiation for the precision electronic devices
installed in the power supply, such as the programmable
logic controller (PLC), NIO-S boards, and thefield-programmable gate array (FPGA). These devices are
stored in a small chassis and are connected to the main
power supply unit by optical cables and serial cables. They
can be placed at a maximum distance of 15 m to avoid
exposure to radiation.
The current stability over 8 hours was less than ±1 ppm
excluding the initial drifts when the environmental
temperature change was less than 3 °C, as shown in Fig. 2.

Table 1. Specifications of the new main coil power supply
and trim coil power supplies.
Main coil
power supply
Number1
Current (DC) [A]1080
Voltage [V]500
Output current range [%]30 - 100
Stability, Ripples *2±3×10-6
Setting resolution [bits]
20*2 The ratio of the maximum current.

Bypass power
supplies
430
130
0 - 100±1×10-5
16

Trim coil
power supplies
6600
20
0.8 - 100
±5×10-6
16

It is necessary to slightly adjust the current of the main
coil power supply in order to cancel the variation of themagnetic field due to temperature rise of the yoke. The
power supply of M1 and M2 had a resolution of 16 bits.
However, the change in the current per bit corresponds to11.1 ppm for M1 and 4.2 ppm for M2, which is insufficientfor the fine adjustment of the current. As the new main coil
power supply has a digital-to-analog convertor (DAC) witha resolution of 20 bits, the change in the current per bit is0.95 ppm, which is equivalent to 0.001A/bit. As the NIO-S
board used for the remote control of the power supply iscapable of setting a current of 16 bits, we used two NIO-S
boards for controlling 20 bits. One board is used for coarse
current adjustment, and the other is used for fine adjustmentof ±33.75A of the preset value.
The main coil power supply is exposed to radiation under＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center

Fig. 1. Wiring of the RRC main coil.

Fig. 2. Current stability of the main coil power supply over
8 hours.
The trim coil power supplies were installed in January
2014 and they began to operate smoothly at the beamservice time by the end of January. The installation of themain coil power supply was completed in February 2014.
Its usage began in the middle of March.
- 151 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Vacuum leaks in accelerators
S. Watanabe,＊1 Y. Watanabe,＊1 E. Ikezawa,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 N. Sakamoto,＊1
K. Oyamada,＊2 M. Nishida,＊2 K. Yadomi,＊2 and J. Shibata＊2
The vacuum system for accelerators in RIBF has beenrunning without serious problems. However, vacuum leaks
have been observed in the following equipments: (1)resonator of CSM-A1, (2) cooling pipe in resonator #2 of
RRC, (3) W-resonator of fRC, and (4) a chamber in the
dipole magnet DM-G5.
The vacuum chamber that houses the resonator of
CSM-A1 has a leakage of vacuum in its bottom plate,which is made of steel with a thickness of 40 mm andcopper-plated inside and painted outside. The precise
location of the leak in has been searched but has not been
specified yet. Because the response of the helium leakdetector was very slow. The route of the leak in the bottom
plate would be complicated. Then it took time to respond tohelium gas. We will continue searching for the leak point.
The vacuum pressure of the A1 resonator was around2x10-5Pa, which is worse than those of other resonators, bya factor of 2 or 3.
A buildup of pressure was generated in RRC resonator #2
in the spring of 2013.The leak was found in exist
somewhere in the cooling pipe of the lower inner conductorof the resonator. The cavity was opened in July, and theinside of the inner conductor was investigated carefully. As
a result, water leakage was found in the chamber.
However, there is no space around the pipe connection. To
solve this problem, a new bypass line was made. The pipeline was cut at two shallow spots, and the spots wereconnected with a new pipe. The pipe connections weretreated with silver braze. This equipment is running without
any problems now.
At fRC, a small leak in the W-resonator has been
observed for several years. However, with rf power on, theleak was so small that operations had been possible. To
investigate the cause of the leak, the upper part of theresonator was removed in June 2013. On doing so, a bad
rf-electrical contact was found in a part of the metal C-ring,and the elastomer O-ring seal near to it was damaged. The
C-ring was replaced with a new one. To improve theclamping capacity, a long bolt was introduced through an
upper flange and the resonator, and the upper flange and theresonator were tightly fastened by a nut. Moreover, theclamping capacity was reinforced by new jigs like a
C-clamp.
A vacuum chamber inside a dipole magnet named DM-G5
in the injection beam line into SRC has a leakage ofvacuum. The chamber was shaped like a 60-degree arc andhad a rectangular cross-sections (58 mm x 86 mm). The
main part of the chamber was composed of four aluminum＊1＊2

plates with a thickness of 2 mm. The four edges of thechamber were welded. A rough location of the leak could bedetermined by keeping the chamber inside the magnet pole
gap. For precise investigation, we took out the chamberfrom the magnet yoke. The first anticipated point was
confirmed to be the leak point. However, the leak soon
became small enough and was not detected. The cause ofthis phenomenon was considered. The chamber would bepressed by the magnet. Then the leak would be generated
by the deformation of the chamber. To confirm this, wepressed onto the chamber using a C-clamp at a place near
the leak point; doing so, a leak was detected at the sametime, the vacuum pressure changed by a factor of 10. The
leak point of the chamber was determined to be on thewelding bead. Additional welding on it will result in anotherdeformation on the chamber. Therefore, the leak point was
treated with epoxy resin (Torr Seal). The leak was fixed.

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

- 152 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Reinforcement of magnetic shield for HTc SQUID beam current
monitor at the RIBF†
T. Watanabe,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 M. Kase,∗1 O. Kamigaito,∗1 S. Inamori,∗2 and K. Kon∗2
To measure the DC current of high-energy heavy-ion
beams nondestructively at a high resolution, a highcritical-temperature (HTc) superconducting quantum
interference device (SQUID) beam current monitor
henceforth referred as HTc SQUID monitor has beendeveloped for use in the radioactive isotope beam factory (RIBF) at RIKEN.1) Beginning this year, themagnetic shielding system has been greatly reinforced.
Since the measurement resolution is determined by thesignal to noise ratio, this resolution is improved by attenuating the external magnetic noise and RF background noise. These noises are mainly produced by
the distribution and transmission lines from the highcurrent power supplies and high-power RF cavities of
the cyclotrons.
To reinforce the existing magnetic shield, we developed a hybrid magnetic shielding method based on theproperties of perfect diamagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials; we were able to realize a highshielding eﬀect despite the compact system. This system consists of two shielding parts: one for the HTc
current sensor and the other for ferromagnetic shielding materials. The HTc current sensor used to produce a shielding current produced by the beam1) also
works as the superconducting shield via the Meissner eﬀect (perfect diamagnetism). The ferromagnetic
shielding materials are composed of high permeability
alloys (Permalloy, Mu-metal, etc.). The HTc SQUID
is installed inside the frame and onto the HTc current
sensor, and the frame is covered by the cap. Consequently, the HTc SQUID is almost completely surrounded by the hybrid magnetic shielding system. A
photograph of the completed hybrid magnetic system
is shown in Fig. 1.
In the acceleration facility, since there exist AC magnetic noises of 50 Hz and higher order and which aremuch stronger than terrestrial magnetism, an active
magnetic ﬁeld canceller system (JEOL Ltd.) was designed and introduced to the HTc SQUID monitor.
This system is comprised of a magnetic ﬁeld control
unit, combined AC/DC magnetic ﬁeld sensors, andcompensation coils. The compensation coils consistof three pairs of coils that are arranged perpendicular
to each other. Each of these pairs forms a so-called“Helmholtz-Coil-Pair,” able to produce a homogenous
magnetic ﬁeld in between the pairs; each pair controls
one direction (along x-, y-, or z- axis). A photograph of†∗1∗2

Condensed from the proceedings in European Conference on
Applied Superconductivity (EUCAS 2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
TEP Corporation

2 Flame(inside SQUID)

3 Cap

1 HTc Current
Sensor

4 BandBundling Band

Fig. 1. Photograph of the completed hybrid magnetic system. 1: HTc current sensor with ferromagnetic shielding materials, 2: frame, 3: cap, and 4: band.
-Coil-Cag

Helmholtz

Mgnetic Field
Sensorse

HTc SQUID
MonitorFig. 2. HTc SQUID monitor with active magnetic field canceller system.

the active magnetic canceller system is shown in Fig. 2.
To evaluate the performance of the hybrid magnetic
shielding system and the active magnetic canceller system, the output signals of the HTc SQUID were analyzed in the time and frequency domains. The signal
was measured in the room next to where the power
supplies for RIBF were located, where the leakage magnetic ﬁeld of the 50 Hz component was measured by
a Gauss meter as 4.5 ×10−4 T. On the other hand,the output signal of the 50 Hz component of the HTc
SQUID monitor was 6 ×10−14 T. Based on these ﬁndings, we consider that the combination of the hybrid
magnetic shielding system and the active magnetic
canceller system can attenuate the external magnetic
noise to 10−10 .
References
1) T. Watanabe et al., Proc. 2010 Beam Instrumentation
Workshop (BIW10), Santa Fe, U.S.A (2010) p. 523.

- 153 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Online monitoring of beam intensity using current transformer
at CRIB

FC-7A1a)

E7CM

5 MeV/u, 11B beam

PPAC

0

5m

Q3

b)

SG

Power
Divider

Time constant: 300 ms
Sampling rate: 512 Hz

Tripler(doubler ON)
1f-REF

LIA#1-10 dB CPL
Directional
Coupler

E7CM

+42dB
Amp.

PPAC

Preamplifier& Logic circuit

LIA#2-10 dB CPL
Directional
CouplerRate meter(ORTEC661)
Time constant: 22 ms

Win. PC(LabVIEW)

3f-REF
LIA#3-10 dB CPL
Directional
Coupler

GPIB/LAN

5 sps

LAN

GPIB chain∗2∗3

1f, y = 5.384e-7x
2f, y = 4.222e-7x

1.5e-33f, y = 2.971e-7x

1.0e-35.0e-4
0.0
0

1000
2000
3000
Beam current at FC_7A1 [enA]

4000

E7CM amplitude (LIA-1,2,3f) [V]

Fig. 2. Linearity between beam current detected by
Faraday-cup 7A1 (FC-7A1) and E7CM amplitudes.
30

1.4e-3
Count rate
at F3-PPAC
E7CM(LIA-1f)

1.2e-31.0e-325
20

E7CM(LIA-2f)

8.0e-415

E7CM(LIA-3f)

6.0e-410

4.0e-45

2.0e-40.0

beam off
0

0.5

beam off
1

1.5
2
2.5
3
Elapsed time [h] ('13-01-19 01:20~)

3.5

4

0

Fig. 3. Correlation between count-rate of secondary beam
and E7CM amplitudes. The primary beam current was
1870–2100 enA.

Fig. 1b. A linearity of E7CM amplitudes to the beam
current detected by Faraday-cup 7A1 is conﬁrmed, as
shown in Fig. 2. In addition, the correlation between
E7CM amplitudes and the count-rate of the secondary
beam detected by PPAC at F3 was observed, as shownin Fig. 3. For more precise comparison, however, wehave to standardize the measurement condition suchas time-constant and sampling-rate for the LIA and
PPAC systems. At a beam current of 2850 enA, comparable to that of actual experiment, the S/N ratioof 1–3f was 770, 3990 and 1680, respectively. They
are all acceptable values but it is favorable to monitor
no less than the 2f component, because the origin of
background is acceleration-rf and its reference signal,and thus, its 1f component has relatively large amplitude with some ﬂuctuation. From these results, we canconclude that the E7CM and LIA system can fulﬁll arole for the beam-intensity monitoring.

10 spsReferences
Network-DIM(Digital volt meter)
Sampling rate: 10 Hz

Fig. 1. Schematic layout of CRIB (a) and examination
setup (b).
∗12.0e-3

Cout rate at F3-PPAC [kcps]

The industrial cooperation team in RNC is developing a method for wear diagnostics of industrial materials using RI beams as tracers in collaboration withSHIEI Ltd. and CNS.1) RI nuclei are implanted in thenear surface of the machine parts within a depth of 10–
100 µm, and its wear-loss is evaluated by the decreasein the measured radioactivity. Continuous γ-ray detection from the exterior of the machine enables real-time
diagnostics of the wear in running machines.
In this technique, an intense low-energy RI beamwith an intensity of 107 –108 cps are produced at CRIB
2)
and implanted in a sample continuously for a few
days in order to obtain the intended activation of a few
hundred kBq. The stability of a RI beam irradiationneeds to be monitored but it is too intense to monitor
using a destructive detector and its energy loss in a
detector disturbs the eﬀective activation of a sample.
Therefore, we examined the monitoring of the primarybeam intensity detected nondestructively by a current
transformer (CT) using a monitoring system that incorporates lock-in ampliﬁers (LIAs). The CT, called
the E7 core monitor (E7CM), was developed for precise evaluation of the nuclear-reaction cross section at
CRIB.3) The monitoring system using LIAs has beendeveloped for stable operation of RIBF.4)
The schematic layout of CRIB and the examination setup are shown in Fig. 1. 5.0 MeV/nucleon 11 B
beam accelerated by the AVF cyclotron was used. The
beam-bunch signal detected by E7CM was fed to three
LIAs via the three directional couplers in order to measure the three frequency components (1–3f , 1f : acceleration rf of 13.8 MHz) simultaneously, as shown in

E7CM amplitude (LIA-1,2,3f) [V]

R. Koyama,∗1,∗2 M. Fujimaki,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 S. Watanabe,∗1,∗3 H. Yamaguchi,∗3 and A. Yoshida∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.
Center for nuclear study (CNS), University of Tokyo

1) A. Yoshida et al.: Nucl. Instr. & Meth. B 317, (2013)
785–788.
2) Y. Yanagisawa et al.: Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A 539,
(2005) 74–83.
3) S. Watanabe et al.: Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A 633, (2011)
8–14.
4) R. Koyama et al.: Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A 729, (2013)
788–799.

- 154 -

1

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Online monitoring of beam phase and intensity
using lock-in ampliﬁers†
R. Koyama,∗1,∗2 N. Sakamoto,∗1 M. Fujimaki,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 A. Goto,∗3 M. Hemmi,∗1
M. Kase,∗1 K. Suda,∗1 T. Watanabe,∗1 K. Yamada,∗1 and O. Kamigaito∗1
methods. The phase diﬀerence was improved to a discrepancy of less than 0.4 ns (≅4 rf degree) when we
corrected for the radial variation of the observed bunch
width, as shown in Fig. 2(b).
RRC isochronism [ns] SRC isochronism [ns]We developed a monitoring system dedicated for
RIBF that incorporates lock-in ampliﬁers (LIAs) thatcan measure the beam phase and intensity of signals
from the phase probe (PP) with an amplitude of a few
hundred nanovolts. The conﬁguration of the LIA system is schematically shown in Fig. 1. The rf is also
monitored using the LIA system. We compared theperformance of the LIA system with that of a conventional system that incorporates oscilloscopes (OSCs).
It was conﬁrmed that LIA has much higher precisionand smaller deviation than the OSC; LIA has a resolution of 0.02◦ for a 1.0 V standard signal and can measure a signal as small as 200 nV, which corresponds to10 electric nA of beam current.

1.0

OSC (Zero cross)

0.8

OSC (FFT)

LIAa) SRC

0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

-0.2/
1.0 b) RRC
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
-0.2

0

5

10
15
Phase probe number

20

Fig. 2. Comparison of isochronism in a) the SRC and b)
the RRC on the basis of three measurement methods.

Since the PPs are placed at relevant positions along
the beam lines of the RIBF, we can easily ﬁnd the instability or decrease of beam intensity caused by thevariation of rf or magnetic ﬁeld by using the LIA system. The correlations between rf, beam phase, beam
intensity, and environmental factors such as the ambient temperature and cooling water temperature havealso been revealed.1,2) In addition, we can clearly observe the deterioration of a solid-state charge stripper
and the pressure variation of a gas charge stripper.3)
The isochronism measurement results for the SRC,
which has a low velocity gain of 1.5, showed excellent agreement between the three measurement methods (OSC zero-corss, OSC FFT, and LIA) with a discrepancy less than 0.2 ns (≅2 rf degree), as shown in
Fig. 2(a). The isochronism measured for 10 frequency
components (1f –10f ) was also in good agreement withan accuracy discrepancy less than 0.5 ns (≅5 rf degree). However, in the RRC, which has a high velocity
gain of 4.0, a phase diﬀerence of up to 0.7 ns (≅7 rf
degree) was observed between the three measurement
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A 729,
(2013) 788–799
RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.
Planning Department, Yamagata University

Amplitude [mV]Fig. 1. Conﬁguration of the LIA system.

The remaining phase diﬀerence between LIA and
OSC is considered to be the eﬀect of the cable dispersion. In fact, it was observed that the cable dispersion
via 80 m increases asymmetric distortion of the bunchshape, and it produces a timing advance of 0.14 ns
relative to the actual timing, as shown in Fig. 3. Because we measure the single-frequency component of
the beam-bunch signal in the LIA system, such cabledispersion does not disturb the beam-phase measurement, and it is concluded that the LIA system gives amore accurate beam phase if the measurement is performed at the control room.
2015 a) Observed at console
10
5
0
-5
-10
PP-RRC#20
PP-RRC#1-15404b) Closeup of a)

2

PP-RRC#1

0-0.34ns-2
PP-RRC#20-4c) Observed at entrance of RRC vault

4d) Closeup of c)

2

20

PP-RRC#1

0

0-20

PP-RRC#1

PP-RRC#20

-40
0

2

4

6

8

-2

-0.47ns

PP-RRC#20-4
10 4.8Time [ns]

5

5.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

Fig. 3. Bunch shapes observed at the console 90 m downstream of PP-RRC (a) and at the entrance of the RRC
vault 10 m downstream of PP-RRC (c).

References
1) R. Koyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, pp.
xviii–xix (2009).
2) K. Suda et al.: Proc. of CYCLOTRONS 2010, Lanzhou,
China, MOPCP068, pp.186–188.
3) R. Koyama et al.: Proc. of PASJ10, Nagoya, Aichi, August 2013, SAP013, in press.

- 155 -

1

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Modification of beam diagnosis chambers in RILAC2 high-energy
beam transport
K. Yamada,∗1 R. Koyama,∗2 T. Nakamura,∗2 M. Hamanaka,∗2 M. Fujimaki,∗1 and N. Fukunishi∗1
The vacuum chambers in the high-energy beamtransport line between the RILAC2 and the RRC havebeen modified in order to extend the beam diagnosis
devices such as a beam profile monitor and movable
slits. Figure 1 indicates the schematic view of thebeam line. The vacuum level in the section including
a rebuncher located at S31 (S3-REB) has also beenenhanced by mounting additional vacuum pumps inan arrangement previously presented in report 1. The
modifications are listed as follows.

are mounted on the chamber as well.
• location S31b (just downstream of the S3-REB):
A new small chamber has been installed only for
mounting a wire-scanning beam profile monitor.
This beam profile monitor is used to adjust thebeam trajectory in the S3-REB section by combining with the beam profile monitor at S31a.
• location S41 (just downstream of the singlet
quadrupole (Q) magnet):
A beam profile monitor chamber located at S40(just upstream of the Q-magnet) and a vacuum
gate valve located at S41 have been exchanged
with the aim of checking the degree of dispersion corrected by the Q-magnet. A 220 L/s turbo
molecular pump has been mounted on the S41
chamber.
• S6-REB (rebuncher located at the S61):
Two gate valves have been installed at each end of
the S6-REB. This installation enables maintaining
the devices without breaking the vacuum in thelong section between S41 and S71.
• location S64:
A new large vacuum chamber has been installed,
as shown in Fig. 2. A plastic scintillator, a beam
attenuation mesh, a wire-scanning beam profile
monitor, a build up secondary-electron suppressor, a Faraday cup, and a 220 L/min turbo molecular pump have been attached to the chamber.
Two other diagnosis devices are expected to be
appended onto the chamber. A fast current transformer (C.T.) has newly been installed just upstream of the chamber.

Fig. 1. Schematic view of high-energy beam transport between RILAC2 and RRC.

∗1
∗2

• location C22 (just upstream of the wall between
the AVF and RRC vault):
The existing vacuum chamber has been replaced
by a larger one to increase the number of the port
for movable slits that define the beam emittanceof RRC injection by combining with the slits at
location C21a. A plastic scintillator for time-offlight measurement, a beam attenuation mesh, a
220 L/s turbo molecular pump, and a beam stopper for radiational safety are also mounted on theC22 chamber. A wire-scanning beam profile monitor will be attached on the chamber to check thebeam size on the plastic scintillator.
• location S31a (upstream of the S3-REB):
The existing chamber has been replaced by amiddle-sized chamber used for a standard in
RIBF. A 350 L/s turbo molecular pump has newly
been attached to the S31a chamber to improve thevacuum level. A beam attenuation mesh, a wirescanning beam profile monitor, and a Faraday cup

References

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

1) K. Yamada et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 99(2012).

Fig. 2. Photograph of the new chamber installed at S64.

- 156 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Upgrading the server system using virtualization technology
in the RIBF control system
A. Uchiyama,∗1 M. Komiyama,∗1 and N. Fukunishi∗1
In an RIBF control system, the Experimental
Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) has
been introduced on Linux and vxWorks since 20011) .
Owing to a centralized management system, all computers for EPICS programs share common network
storage that implements a ﬁle transfer protocol (FTP)and a network ﬁle system (NFS) as key services. In
order to achive service reliability enhancement of the
key services, we constructed failover clusters in 20082) .
Considering the short life cycle of server hardware,
aging servers should be replaced periodically. In termof the reliability, the replaced system should enhancethe eﬃcient operation of server hardware resources, forexample improvement of CPU utilization. Currently,

Table 1. Comparison of the old redundant system and the
new server system in the main services.
Service
NFS
PostgreSQLFTPEPICS IOCDNSLDAPEPICS applications

Old methods
Failover cluster

Replaced system
Dual NAS controllers
Failover cluster
vMotionFailover cluster
vMotionNonevMotionPrimary/Secondary Primary/Secondary,vMotionNonevMotion
DNS round robin
DNS round robin,
vMotionvirtualization technologies, such as KVM, Xen, andVMware are widely used in many scenarios. For the
RIBF control system, virtualization software, which
realizes a hardware sharing system, was slected for thefollowing reasons:(1) To reduce operational costs, it is eﬃcient tomake virtualized image ﬁles from current physical servers without modiﬁcations to the system.
(2) Other required services should be constructed bya High-availability (HA) system.
(3) Complex clustering should be avoided in orderto minimize maintenance cost.
(4) Virtualization software with reliable support services are commercially available.
(5) Even if physical servers encountered an issue,
there should be no downtime for the guest operating system.
Therefore, we adopted VMware vSphere 5 as a virtualization software for the RIBF server system, and Network Attached Storage (NAS) manufactured by NetApp as a shared storage with an HA system has been
implemented (See Fig. 1). In this system, the services
for the shared EPICS programs and the virtualized
image ﬁles in VMware environment are provided by
the NAS. To improve service reliability, live-migration,
which moves the guest hosts to other physical servers
without downtime, is provided by VMware vMotion.
For ensuring the scalability and availability of the
network, the network between NAS and a network
switch uses the Link Aggregation Control Protocol(LACP). LACP bundles several physical Ethernet
ports in a single logical channel. In fact, EPICS Input/Output Controllers (IOCs), Domain Name System (DNS), Lightweight Directory Access Protocol(LDAP), PostgreSQL, MySQL, Process Variable gateway3) , backup systems, and EPICS application servers
were constructed on the virtualization environment(See Table 1).
The VMware cluster consists of three physicalservers (dual-socket Intel Xeon E5-2630), and 20 virtualized servers have been running on this cluster since
Jan 2014. Replacing an aging system with a virtualization system with HA, it can facilitate eﬃcient useof server resources and operational costs.
References

Fig. 1. System chart of the upgraded virtualization server
system, NAS, and LACP-based network.
∗11) M. Komiyama et al.: Proc. of ICALEPCS07, P.187.
2) A. Uchiyama et al.: APR. 42, (2009) P.145.
3) K. Evans, Jr.: Proc. of ICALEPCS 2005, PO1.033-6.

RIKEN Nishina Center- 157 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of a system for measurement beam service timein RIBF operations
A. Uchiyama,∗1 M. Komiyama,∗1 and N. Fukunishi∗1
To assess the performance of the accelerator facility, it is essential to measure the beam service time
provided for the request from experiment users. Previously, beam service time was measured by using thehandwritten log notebook records maintained by accelerator operators. In order to measure beam service
time more efficiently and accurately, we developed abeam service time measurement system called Beam
Status History.

Fig. 1. System chart of developed measurement system forbeam service time (Beam Status History).

The outline of Beam Status History is shown in
Fig. 1. The RIBF control system consists of a distributed control system constructed using Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS)1) .
On the other hand, Beam Status History consistsof EPICS-based client applications, MySQL-based
database, and Web applications. Faraday cup statuses
set or out, are input as digital signals into EPICS
databases, and an event that identifies information
about beam service availability status is triggered by
the system when all faraday cups reach the out statein the experiment course.
By contrast, when even one of the faraday cups statechanges from out to set, the system considers it as thebeam-off status. The information of the beam on/off
status is stored in the MySQL-based database by the
EPICS-based client application that is written in C,
and then, beam service time is calculated based ona timestamp of the beam-on/off status by the PHPbased Web applications.
For Beam Status History, servers were constructedby Linux (CentOS 5.9) on a virtualization environment
for the RIBF control system2) . This system consistsof the Web server (Apache), MySQL server, and theserver for caMonitor, which is an event-driven programthat uses the Channel Access protocol, in three virtual
hosts. On the other hand, user interfaces are utilizedby Web applications using Asynchronous JavaScript
and XML (Ajax) technology. From the viewpointof providing many users with accelerator information,
this Web technology is a convenient system. Ajax is a
Web development technique used on the client-side tocreate asynchronous Web applications for implementing a real-time display on the Web browser. In the
beam service time measurement system, Ajax is used
to display the beam on/off status and the chart of thebeam service time (See Fig. 2).
As a system function, all the beam-on and beamoff times, experiment user name, type of beam (ion,charge, energy, and mass) used in the experiment arerecorded in the MySQL-based database automatically.
Additionally, it is possible to determine the total beamon time, beam-off time, and current status (beam-ontarget or not) in the experiment at first sight.
In the future, we will attempt to improve systemusability to entirely satisfy accelerator operators andusers requirements.

Fig. 2. User interface of Beam Status History. The total
beam service time for a day and a month is displayed
as a bar chart on the Web browser (Firefox).

References∗11) M. Komiyama et al.: in progress.
2) A. Uchiyama et al.: in progress.

RIKEN Nishina Center- 158 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

NISHINA RIBF water-cooling system 2013
T. Maie,*1 K. Kusaka,*1 M. Ohtake,*1 Y. Watanabe,*1 E. Ikezawa,*1 M. Kase,*1 M. Oshima,*2 K. Kobayashi,*3 and J. Shibata*3
1.

Operation condition
In the fiscal year 2013, the Nishina and RIBF
water-cooling installation was operated for five and threemonths, respectively. These operation periods correspond to
the scheduled beam service time of RIBF, that is threemonths. In addition, Nishina’s cooling installation was used
not only for the full RIBF operation but also for the AVF
standalone and AVF + RRC operations. During FY2013,
there were no severe problems that caused beam service
interruption for the Nishina and RIBF cooling water
systems. In addition to the existing system, the newwater-cooling system was built only for the rare-RI ring,and its test operations also started in FY2013.
2.

Periodic maintenanceRoutine maintenance works as listed below are
performed during the scheduled summer and wintermaintenance periods of the RIBF accelerators.
1) Cleaning the cooling towers
2) Checking and overhauling the cooling-water pumps
3) Checking the control system of the RIBF
water-cooling system
4) Replacing some dated UPSs used for the control
system of the RIBF water-cooling system
5) Cleaning the plate heat exchangers
6) Checking and overhauling the air compressor

3.

Extension and improvement of the water-coolingsystem
A new beam transport line connecting theIntermediate-stage Ring Cyclotron (IRC) to the E5experimental vault is now under construction , aiming at
more efficient production of seaweed mutations induced byheavy-ion beams. Branches of cooling-water supply systemwere added to the existing system in order to supply coolingwater to the magnets and other devices used in this IRC-E5
beam line. The construction of a new experimental
apparatus, called SLOWRI, is also ongoing, and a newwater-cooling system for SLOWRI has also been
constructed. In addition, in order to raise the coolingcapability of the RF amplifiers used in IRC and theSuperconducting Ring Cyclotron (SRC), we plan to divide
the existing supply system commonly used for IRC and
SRC into two independent supply systems dedicated to each
cyclotron. The present improvement will be effective forachieving high-power operation of the RF amplifiers.
4.

OthersBecause 30 years have passed since the construction of
the Nishina water-cooling system, its deterioration is now
remarkable. Performance degradation of the water-coolingsystem, especially in its temperature stability, is a possible
source of the unstable behavior in the RIBF accelerator
complex. Hence, the author recommended that thesuperannuated parts of the Nishina’s water-cooling systemshould be updated as soon as possible.
References

1) T. Maie et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 (2012).
2) M. Wada et al.: In this report.
3) Y. Yamaguchi et al.: In this report.

7) Replacing some superannuated hoses, joints, andvalves used in the system
8) Cleaning of the strainers and filters used in thedeionized water production system
9) Extending the sensing-wires of the water leakage
alarm to floors of new areas

RIKEN Nishina Center
Nippon Kucho Service Co., Ltd＊3
SHI Accelerator Service Co., Ltd＊1＊2- 159 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Magnetic field clamp in direct plasma injection scheme †M. Okamura,＊1,＊2 T. Kanesue,＊1 T. Yamamoto,＊3 Y. Fuwa＊2＊4
Longitudinal Axis (Beam Direction)

Z [mm]RFQ Vanes

A new set of vanes for the radio frequency
quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator was commissioned using thehighly charged iron beam in Brookhaven National
Laboratory (BNL). To supply high intensity heavy ion
beams from a laser ion source (LIS) to the RFQ, the direct
plasma injection scheme (DPIS)[1,2] with a confinement
solenoid was adopted. By in troducing the solenoid field,
the plasma expanding angle can be controlled and thecapability of LIS drastically enhanced[3]. In an LIS, thepeak value of beam current is inversely proportional to the
cube of the plasma drift distance. In order to stretch the ion
beam pulse length, a longer plasma drift length is required,
which simultaneously reduces the current amplitude. The
solenoid can compensate this reduction effortlessly.
however, the solenoid field causes another difficulty. The
fringe field of the solenoid overwraps the ion extraction
area where exist a static extraction electric field andfocusing RF field. Generally, when we apply a magnetic
field on a high-gradient electric field, discharges may be
induced. To accelerate Fe14+ in the DPIS set up, the nozzle
emits ions that have a static voltage gap of 33.3 kV overlaid
by the fringe of the RFQ field of ±20.5 kV at 100 MHz. A
magnetic field of few hundreds Gauss is present in the same
space simultaneously. To investigate the fields, OPERA2D
and 3D [4] were used.
Figure 1 shows an example of the electric static
field simulation by OPERA2D. The nozzle is filled by thelaser plasma, and ions are extracted by the field gradient
between the vanes and nozzle. The plasma and the extracted
ion beams move along the z axis from bottom to top in the
figure. The plasma sheath is formed at the top of the nozzle.
Another high electric field is induced towards the end wallof the RF cavity. When we apply a solenoid field, magnetic
flux of the same direction as the electric field is induced.
When discharges occur, electrons emitted from the vanesurface are accelerated by the electric field towards thenozzle and guided by the magnetic field. This easily triggers
further discharges. To prevent this, the copper-made end
wall flange, which is a part of the cavity, was replaced by aplated iron flange. Another iron-made disk called barrier
flange was also installed. The magnetic field was reduced toa few gauss, as shown in the simulation in Fig. 2. This
modification enabled us to apply sufficient extraction
voltage on the nozzle.
†

Condensed from the article in REVIEW OF SCIENTIFICINSTRUMENTS 85 02B907 (2014)＊1
Collider Accelerator Department, BNL＊2
Riken-BNL Research Center＊3
Waseda University＊4
Kyoto University-30000.0

180.0-35000.0-15000.0-20000.0-25000.0-30000.0

170.0
160.0
150.0
140.0 -25000.0-20000.0

End wall of RF cavity-35000.0-30000.0-15000.0-10000.0-5000.0
0.0
5000.010000.020000.025000.0
130.0 15000.0
30000.0

120.0
110.0
25000.0

100.0

Nozzle

90.0
0.0

10.0

30.0

50.0

70.0

90.0

110.0

130.0

150.0
R [mm]

Figure 1 Static electric field simulation at the beam
extraction region.
15000.020000.0
10000.030000.0
5000.0Figure 2

0.0Magnetic field simulation with the field clamps.

Using the modified magnetic structure, we observed theaccelerated iron beams at the downstream of the RFQ. The
pulse width was about 1.5 µs on using a 1.0 m length
solenoid filed at 105 G. The RF power was adjusted tomaximize the current, which was about 3 mA. The result
was obtained without beam analysis behind the RFQ, andthe currents include all accelerated particles. The test was
not intended to obtain maximum beam current; however,
we could confirm that all the devices are working as
intended.
References

1) M. Okamura, T. Takeuchi, R. A. Jameson, S. Kondrashev, H.
Kashiwagi, K. Sakakibara, T. Kanesue, J. Tamura, and T.
Hattori. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 02B314 (2008)
2) T. Kanesue, J. Tamura, M. Okamura, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79,
02B311 (2008)3) M. Okamura, A. Adeyemi, T. Kanesue, J. Tamura, K. Kondo,
and R. Dabrowski. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A510 (2010)
4) OPERA-TOSCA, www.cobham.com- 160 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Creation of cocktail beam from alloy target with laser†
S. Ikeda,*1,*2, M. Romanelli,*3 D. Cinquegrani,*4 M. Sekine,*1,*2 M. Kumaki,*1,*5 Y. Fuwa,*1,*6 N. Munemoto,*2
T. Kanesue,*7 Q. Jin,*8 M. Okamura,*7 and K. Horioka*2
Lasers can create many types of heavy ions from a solid
target. Therefore, with the use of a laser and an alloy target,
an ion beam composed of several elements can be easily
created. The cocktail beam can be used to simulate cosmic
rays in a laboratory. A recent paper reported theenhancement of a plasma flux by mixing a few different
types of species with an original target.1) However, thecharge state distribution of each ion was not studied. To
create a controllable cocktail beam, we investigated thecharge state distributions of laser plasma from an alloy
composed of Al and Fe.

from the pure targets. As shown in the figure, they wereAl 1+: 0.5, Al 2+: 0.68, Al 3+: 0.58, Al 4+: 0.27, Al 5+: 0.27,
Al 6+: 0.65, Al 7+: 0.84, Al 8+: 0.89, Al 9+: 0.34, Fe 1+: 0.72,
Fe 2+: 0.60, Fe 3+: 0.51, Fe 4+: 0.65, Fe5+: 3.5, Fe 6+: 15.
Total peaks up to a 4+ charge state of the Al and Fe ionsfrom the alloy targets were around half those from the puretargets. Hence, the ratios of the peak value were close to thestoichiometric ratio in the target material (Al:Fe =10:19).
On the other hand, the ratios of highly charged states werelarger than the composition ratio; in particular, Fe 5+ and Fe
6+ were much larger than those of the other ions.
The results showed that we can control the ratio of theflux of the Al to Fe ions, except for Fe 5+ and Fe 6+, as afunction of composition ratio of alloy. A large increase in Fe
5+ and Fe 6+ indicates that we can substantially increase thecharge state of a specific ion using an alloy.

Fig. 1. Schematic of experimental setup.
Figure 1 shows a schematic of the experimental setup.
We used a Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 6 ns, 615 mJ, and7.9×10-3 cm2 spot size) for ablation. As the targets, we usedpure Al, Fe sheets, and an alloy of Al and Fe(AL-FE-01-F.ALLY) with Al:Fe = 10:19 (number). The
chamber was evacuated to 5×10-4 Pa. The charge state
distribution was measured through a time-of-flight (TOF)
method using a cylindrical electrostatic ion energy analyzer.
The device was composed of two coaxial electrodes, with a
slit
in
front
of
the
electrodes,
andasecondary-electron-multiplier detector (SEM) placed at 3.3
m from the targets. Only the particles with a specificvelocity and ratio of charge to mass could pass through theelectrode. In addition, we could determine the velocity ofparticle reaching the SEM from the time of flight.
Consequently, we could obtain the ratio of chare to mass
and identify the ion.
Figure 2 shows the experimentally obtained results ratiosof peak ion flux from the alloy target to the peak ion flux
from the pure targets. As shown in the figure, they were†Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 2 (2014)
RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Department of Energy Science, Tokyo Institute of Technology＊3
School of Applied and Engineering physics, Cornell University＊4
Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Sciences, University ofMichigan＊5
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Waseda University＊6
Department of Physics, Kyoto University＊7
Collider Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory＊8
Institution of Modern Physics

Fig. 2. Ratios of peaks value of Al and Fe ion flux fromalloy target to those from pure targets＊1

References

1) A. Velyhan, J. Krasa, E.Krousky, L. Laska, D. Margarone,
M.Pfeifer, K. Rohlena, J. Skala, J. Ulischmied, A. Lorusso, L.
Velardi and V. Nassisi : 4th workshop on PPLA2009, Messina,
Italy, 165, 6-10 (2010), p488-494- 161 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Interaction of plasmas in laser ion source with double laser system
Y. Fuwa, 1, 2 S. Ikeda,

1, 3

M. Kumaki,

1, 4

M. Sekine,

1, 5

D. Cinquegrani, 6 M. Romanelli, 7

T. Kanesue, 8 M. Okamura, 8 and Y. Iwashita 9
A laser ion source can provide intense and low-emittancepulsed ion beams. For these advantages, various
applications have been studied, such as DPIS (Direct
Plasma Injection Scheme) to RFQ (Radio Frequency
Quadrupole) Linac1) and a seed-ion beam provider for the
EBIS (Electron Beam Ion Source) at BNL (Brookhaven
National Laboratory)2), 3). The laser ion source functions on
a simple principle. Figure 1 shows the schematic layout of alaser ion source. Laser irradiation with an energy density
above tplasma. This
plasma drifts to an extracting electrode and an ion beam isformed. A change in the laser power density on the target
expanding velocity of plasma.
In conventional laser ion sources, a nano-second laser has
been used. With single nano-second laser irradiation,
thermal mechanisms are the dominant processes in plasma
production and it results in a Maxwellian ion energy
distribution. Since the plasma expands in three dimensions
in the drift region from the target to the extracting electrode,an ion beam pulse width is proportional to the drift length L,
and the peak ion beam current is inversely proportional toL-3. Therefore, if we need a longer beam pulse width, thetotal peak current is steeply decreased.
A multi-pulse laser system may be used to elongate theion beam pulse length or to intensify the beam current. To
test the feasibility of these ideas, a double-pulse laser
system was used in BNL.
Previous research showed that a multiple laser shot
scheme is useful in extending the ion beam pulse length fora low-charge state mode. However, if the interval between
the two laser is less than 10 µs, the observed current profile
is not just sum of two laser plasmas4). In this research, we
carried out a more detailed study for the case in which theinterval between laser pulses was less than 10 µs, in orderto understand this phenomenon.
In our experiment, each laser energy on the target was
560 mJ at maximum and the laser spot was an ellipse ofheight 3 mm and width 4 mm. The estimated laser power
density of each laser shot was between 108 and 109 W/cm2,
Condensed from the article in Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 02B916 (2014).
1
RIKEN Nishina Center2
Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
3
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology
4
Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University
5
Department of Nuclear Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology
6
Nuclear Engineering and Radiological Science, University of Michigan
7
School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University
8
Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory
9
Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University- 162 -

Fig. 1. Schematic layout of a laser ion source
and the induced charge states of ions were mostly single.
Ion current was measured using a Faraday cup. Twolasers were operated with various intervals of trigger timing
range from 0.1 µs to 10 µs. In the measured current profile,a prominent peak that does not correspond to any single
ure 2 shows atypical result. This peak had a maximum peak current for
the laser interval from 1 µs to 1.5 µs and the peak height
was multiplied five times. This peak appears to have formed
owing to the interaction between the second laser and theneutral vapor or particles produced by the first laser.

Fig. 2. Comparison of the measured ion current profile
between single-laser plasma (blue and green plots) anddouble-laser (red plots).
References

1) M. Okamura et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 02B314 (2008).
2) J. G. Alessi et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02A509 (2010).
3) K. Kondo et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 02B716 (2010).
4) M. Okamura et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83, 02B308 (2012).

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Control of plasma shape with pulsed solenoid on laser ion source
M. Sekine＊1
A laser ion source (LIS) can supply high-current ion
beams with solid target. However, the LIS typically forms asifted-Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution in their current
output. This distribution has a peaked output that does notprovide constant current over the pulse length. The ability
to shape the current output of LIS would increase its
versatility as an ion source. In our experiments, we usedpulsed magnetic fields to alter the shape of the current
output and change the sifted-Maxwell- Boltzmann
distribution that is typically produced.
In our experiments, we assembled the test setup shownon the right in Fig. 1. We used a 1064 nm wavelength
Nd:YAG laser of Q-switch delay 250 μs and pulse energy
600mJ. Laser pulses were fired into the target chamber at aniron target. The target then ablated into a plasma consistingof +1 iron ions and electrons. The plasma moved past 20
cm of empty space into a 12 cm long solenoid, the pulsedsolenoid. The plasma then passed through drift tubes andinto a Faraday cup 3.3 m away and of apearture 10 mm. We
could control the time for which the pulse was fired relative
to the laser's firing time tp, and the peak of the magnetic
field Bmax. The solenoid had turns 50, its length was 12 cm,
and its radius was 44 mm.

Fig. 3 current shapes for different delays

Fig. 4 Maximum current for different delays andmagnetic fields
Fig. 1: Experimental setup

The obtained current shape for different delays is shownin Fig. 3. Magnetic pulses with delays ranging 15 μs and 20
μs range yielded results that appeared nearly identical to theresults obtained without a pulsed solenoid. In all cases, theplasma followed the curvature of the pulsed solenoid's
magnetic field lines into the pulsed solenoid. Fig. 4 shows
the maximum current for different delays and magnetic
fields in our experiments. Magnetic pulses with magnitudes
lower than 188 gauss also had almost no effect on the shapeof the plasma that we recorded. These results show that our
technique can be effective in shaping the current of LIS.
We found that the solenoid field could change the beam
shape. To control beam flexibility, we may need to control
the pulsed field using multiple power supplies or multiple
coils. Although the further studies are required, the pulsedsolenoid is useful to control the beam current shape, which
is a unique.

The pulsed solenoid was exposed to various magnetic
fields ranging from 26 gauss to 510 gauss, as shown in Fig.
2. We altered the time for which the pulsed solenoid was
fired from 1μs after the laser was fired to 20 μs after thelaser was fired.

Fig. 2 Supplied magnetic shape by pulsed solenoid＊1

Department of Nuclear Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology

References

1)Kazumasa Takahashi, etc. AIP Conf. Proc. 1525, 241 (2013).

- 163 -

Ⅱ-8. Accelerator

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Analyses of the plasma generated by laser irradiation on sputtered target for
determination of the target thickness used for plasma generation†
M. Kumaki,*1,*2 Y. Fuwa,*1,*3 S. Ikeda,*1,*4 M. Sekine,*1,*4 N.Munemoto,*1,*4
D. Cinquegrani,*5 T. Kanesue,*6 M. Okamura,*1, *6 and M. Washio*2
A Laser Ion Source (LIS) has been developed at
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) 1). A focusedhigh-power laser is used to generate plasmas containing
highly charged ions from solid targets. For every laser shot,
we provide a new surface because the irradiation creates acrater, and the second irradiation on the same spot causes
beam instability. However, the depth of the target required
to generate the plasma is not yet clear. We assumed that
only the surface layers of the material were converted to theplasma, and knowledge of the surface layers to be converted
to the plasma is necessary to understand the initialprocesses of laser-ablation plasma creation. We prepared acarbon-coated aluminum plate as a target. By analyzing thecontents of the ablation plasma, the effective depth required
to generate the laser plasma was investigated.
The target surface was divided into four segments, andeach segment has different carbon coating thickness; thethicknesses were about 25 nm, 125 nm, 250 nm, and 500
nm. To generate ablation plasma, the segmented target withmulti thickness coating was irradiated by a Nd:YAG 1064
nm focused laser (Brilliant Quantel, Energy: 728 ± 5 mJ(rms); Pulse Width: 6 ns). We analyzed the generated
plasma using an electrostatic ion analyzer (EIA) and asecondary electron multiplier (SEM) to measure the current
distribution of ions of each charge state 2).
Figures 1 and 2 show the charge-state distribution of
measured ions of the un-coated aluminum target and 500
nm carbon-sputtered target, respectively. These current
distributions were reconstructed from the signals obtainedusing the SEM with the scanning EIA voltage. The C6+
could be clearly separated, but C5+ and C4+ were containedby the Al11+ and Al9+ signals.

Fig. 1. Current distribution of each charge state (pure Al)†

Condensed from the article in proceedings of ICIS 2013
RIKEN Nishina Center*2
Cooperative Major in Nuclear Energy, Waseda University*3
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University*4
Department of Energy Sciences, Tokyo Institute of Technology*5
American Nuclear Society, University of Michigan*6
Brookhaven National Laboratory*1

Fig. 2. Current distribution of each charge state (500nm)
Figure 2 indicates that the plasma was generated from thelayers deeper than 500 nm because the Al ions still occupy
the biggest fraction of the plasma contents. It is also notedthat the C6+ ions appeared in the earliest part of theobserved plasma, and the combination of Al+9 and C4+
produced the highest yield of ions at the peak position.

Fig. 3. Total C6+ particle number
Figure 3 shows the total yield of C6+ ions for eachcarbon-thickness case. The amount of C6+ ions was not
linearly increased by the sputtered carbon thickness. The
result implies that the surface layer has less contribution toform the ablation plasma. The layers from 250 nm to 500
nm were used more efficiently than the surface layer up to
250 nm depth to generate the plasma.
Using the carbon-coated aluminum target, thecharge-state distribution was measured. We confirmed thatthe required thickness of the target for the plasma
generation is more than 500 nm. We also found that thesurface layer up to a few hundred nanometers in depth hasless contribution than the deeper carbon layers. To
investigate further, we need to prepare thicker
carbon-sputtered targets thicker than 500 nm.
References

1) M. Okamura, et al., High current carbon beam production with
DPIS, Rev. Sci. Inst. 77, 03B303, 2006.
2) S. Kondrashev, T. Kaneue, M. Okamura, K. Sakakibara
Journal of applied physics 100,1 (2006)- 164 -

9. Instrumentation

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Ion-optical measurements using uranium primary beam with
diﬀerent charge states
H. Takeda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 and T. Ohnishi∗1
Transfer matrix elements are essential for various
ion-optical diagnoses, especially for trajectory reconstruction1) to improve the particle identiﬁcation powerof the BigRIPS. Thus, it is very important to measure
the transfer matrix elements precisely to realize thebest possible performance of the BigRIPS.
Primary beams of heavy ions such as uranium could
be unique tools for measuring the transfer matrix elements because they are distributed into several charge
states after passing through materials such as targets, degraders, and detectors. Such beams with different charge states have the following characteristics:(1) Small widths at position x and angle a.
(2) Discrete peaks in magnetic rigidity (δ) spectrum.
(Each peak is narrow and the peak position isdeﬁnitely known.)(3) Same velocity for all the charge states.
Some ion-optical parameters can be measured precisely by utilizing these characteristics. Indeed, we
performed such measurements in 2007 during the ﬁrst
BigRIPS commissioning by using uranium beams.
Positions of a 238 U beam were measured with parallel plate avalanche counters (PPACs) installed in the
BigRIPS foci F3, F5, and F7. The ion-optical systemfrom F3 to F7 is a four-bend achromatic spectrometer with an intermediate dispersive focus F5. Figure 1
shows a spectrum of horizontal position x at F7 versus x at F5 of the 238 U beam after it passes throughthe PPACs at F3. Diﬀerent charge states generated by
the F3 PPACs had diﬀerent positions at F5 due to the
F3-F5 dispersion (x|δ)35 , as indicated by red (dashed)lines. The measured result was 31.5 mm/%, which is
100

92+

91+
90+ (F5-F7)

50∆Q = +2
89+

F7-X (mm)∆Q = +188+0∆Q = 0-50∆Q = −1-100∆Q = −2(at F5)

-100

92+

-50

91+

90+
0

89+

F5-X (mm)50

88+ (F3-F5)

100

Fig. 1. Spectrum of F7-x vs. F5-x measured with a 238 U
primary beam after it passes through PPACs at F3.
Red and blue lines have information on the F3-F5 dispersion and the F5-F7 magnification, respectively. The
F3-F7 dispersion and the F5-F7 dispersion can be deduced from green lines.
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center

Fig. 2. Measurement of (�|δ) with primary beams. TOF
from F3 to F7 was measured for each charge state by
selecting the charge state with the F5 slits. The solid
curve represents a quadratic fitting, and the slope corresponds to (�|δ).

consistent with the designed value of 31.7 mm/% calculated by COSY INFINITY. Charge state transition
because of the PPACs occurred at F5 also. Events connected by each blue (solid) line in Fig. 1 have the samecharge state between F5 and F7. They have very diﬀerent positions at F5 but have the same magnetic rigidity. This situation allows measurement of the F5-F7
magniﬁcation (x|x)57 , which corresponds to the slopeof the blue lines. The measured and COSY results
were 1.069 and 1.080, respectively. Each green (dashdot) line in Fig. 1 indicates events of the same charge
state transition (ΔQ) at F5. The vertical distances of
the green lines indicate the F5-F7 dispersion (x|δ)57 .
The measured and COSY results were -32.9 mm/% and-34.2 mm/%, respectively. Because the slope of thegreen lines is (x|δ)37 /(x|δ)35 , the green lines become
horizontal due to the achromaticity of the F3-F7 optical system. Indeed, the F3-F7 dispersion of -1.1 mm/%deduced from the slope of the green lines was small.
Charge states are also useful to measure the (�|δ) parameter, where � is a ﬂight-path-length diﬀerence withrespect to the central orbit. Because all the charge
states have the same velocity, � can easily be deducedby the time-of-ﬂight (TOF) measurements. Figure 2
shows the TOFs from F3 to F7 as a function of δ
measured by plastic scintillators at F3 and F7 with238
U primary beam. Diﬀerent charge states were generated by the F3 scintillator. BigRIPS was tuned sothat the 90+ charge state came at the center of F3,
F5, and F7. 89+ , 90+ and 91+ charge states were selected individually with slits at the dispersive focus F5.
The (TOF|δ) value was obtained as -0.0498 ns/% by aquadratic ﬁtting, indicated by a solid curve in Fig. 2.
Then, (�|δ) was estimated as -10.2 mm/%, while the
COSY result was -6.53 mm/%.
References
1) N. Fukuda et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 323 (2013).

- 165 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Database of radioactive isotopes produced at the BigRIPS separator
Y. Shimizu,＊1 T. Kubo,＊1 N. Fukuda,＊1 N. Inabe,＊1 D. Kameda,＊1 H. Suzuki,＊1 H. Takeda,＊1 and K. Yoshida＊1
We have been developing a database of radioactive
isotopes (RI) produced at the BigRIPS separator 1). The RI
database entries include the following information:









Production cross section
Production yield
Calculated value by LISE++ code2)
Experimental conditions▫ Primary beam▫ Target▫ Device settings▫ Magnetic rigidities▫ Measurement datePublication list
▫ Title▫ Journal▫ First author▫ Journal digital object identifier (DOI)▫ Produced RI beam(s)Isomeric nucleus▫ Gamma ray energy▫ Half life

All entries are stored in a relational database that is basedon Microsoft Access 2010.
The RI database is synchronized with a web site. The website is coded using PHP. The top panel of Fig. 1 shows the
web interface of the RI database. The RI database consistsof nuclides, which includes RIs produced at the BigRIPS
separator. RIs differentiated using red color text. The
bottom panel of Fig. 1 shows an example, 128Pd isotope.
The production cross section and yield together withcalculated value by LISE++ code are listed. Two journals
about 128Pd are also shown there. The detailed BigRIPS
setting for 128Pd can be accessed through the hyperlinked ID
value, 80.
This web site also has a retrieval interface. This searchallows a Boolean AND search over several categories (massnumber A, atomic number Z, neutron number N, and so on).
The results of search are listed on the user’s browser.
Furthermore, the cross section file for LISE++ and figures of
production cross sections and production yields can beobtained from the search results.
The RI database and its web site assist on RIBF user todesign RI beam experiments using the BigRIPS separator.
Work on the system is currently ongoing and it is plannedfor practical implementation in the near future.

＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 166 -

Fig.1. Web interface. The upper panel shows
nuclides. Cyan, pale green, and yellow indicate
nuclei, isomers, and new isotopes produced at the
BigRIPS separator. The production cross section andproduction yield for the nucleus of interest can beaccessed through the hyperlinked site. The lower
panel shows an example of 128Pd isotope. The
production cross sections and production yields
together with the BigRIPS setting are listed. Twojournals about 128Pd are also shown.

References

1) T. Kubo et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 204, 97 (2003).
2) O.B. Tarasov and D. Bazin: LISE++ site,
http://lise.nscl.edu, Michigan State University.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Extraction of 3D field maps of magnetic multipoles from 2D surface
measurements†
H. Takeda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 and J. A. Nolen∗2

†
∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instr. Meth. B317, 798809 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Argonne National Laboratory

Br ( r ,θ , z ) , Bθ ( r , θ , z ) , Bz ( r , θ , z )measurements on the surface of a cylinder

Fourier analysis with respect to

Br , n ( r , z ) , Bθ , n ( r , z )Fourier transform with respect to

Br , n ( k ) , Bθ , n ( k )Eqs.(5), (6)bn ,0 ( k )inverse Fourier transform

bn ,0 ( z )Eq.(4)

Eq.(2)

bn , m ( k )inverse Fourier transform

bn , m ( z )Eqs.(3a), (3b), (3c)Full 3D field maps of multipoles

Fig. 1. Diagram of full 3D ﬁeld map extraction from 2D
surface measurements. The process of extracting theleading term bn,0 (z) and the pseudo terms bn,m (z) fromthe 2D measurements of the surface of a cylinder are
shown step-by-step. The equation numbers shown by
the arrows indicate those used for the corresponding
processes described in the original paper† .
1.6
1.4
1.2
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
-0.2-800

b2,0
b2,1
b2,2

b2,m (T)In large-aperture, short-length magnets with strong
magnetic ﬁelds, such as superconducting triplet
quadrupole (STQ)1) magnets in the BigRIPS2) , thefringing ﬁeld region is generally very large, and theshape and eﬀective length of the magnetic ﬁeld distribution change with the excitation current due to saturation of the iron core. Further, higher-order pseudo
terms become relatively large in these magnets compared to those in small-aperture, long-length magnets
because they originate from the changes of the magnetic ﬁeld in the direction along the beam axis. It is
indispensable to correctly extract pseudo quadrupole
components as well as ﬁrst-order quadrupole components from measured 3D ﬁeld maps even for ﬁrst-orderion-optical simulations.
Pseudo terms have the same azimuthal angle dependence as that for the leading term, such as cos 2θ fora quadrupole, but have a higher-order radial dependence, such as r3 rather than r for a quadrupole. At
ﬁrst glance, it appears that ﬁeld map data measured at
diﬀerent radii are required to solve the r dependence.
However, we present a practical numerical method thateliminates the need for this data. In this method, themeasurement data for one radius of one component
in the cylindrical coordinates, i.e., 2D ﬁeld measurements on the surface of a cylinder, are suﬃcient todetermine the full 3D magnetic multipole ﬁeld in thecylinder. Using this novel method, we can extract the
distributions along the beam axis for the coeﬃcient of
the ﬁrst-order 2n-pole component bn,0 (z), which is theleading term of the 2n-pole components in the multipole expansion of magnetic ﬁelds. Higher-order pseudo
components bn,m>0 (z) can be deduced from the leading
term via recursion relations. The full 3D ﬁeld map of
2n-pole is completely described by these components.
See the original paper† for details about the formalism and procedure of the method. Steps of the process
of extraction of full 3D ﬁeld maps of magnetic multipoles from 2D surface measurements are summarized
in Fig. 1.
The proposed method was applied to large-aperture
STQ magnets in the BigRIPS fragment separator at
the RIKEN Nishina Center RI Beam Factory. Figure 2 shows the leading term b2,0 (z) together with thepseudo terms b2,1···4 (z), which were obtained from themeasurement result of Bθ,2 at 100 A. Here b2,1 is relatively large, showing that the pseudo terms cannot be

b2,3
b2,4

-400

0

400

800

z position (mm)Fig. 2. Examples of b2,0···4 (z). b2,0 was extracted fromBθ,2 , which was measured at a radius of 107 mm and at
an excitation current of 100 A for a Q500 quadrupole
magnet in STQ24. Pseudo terms b2,1···4 were calculated
from b2,0 with the diﬀerential recursion relation (2) inthe original paper† .

ignored.
The obtained b2,0 (z) distributions were parametrizedusing the Enge functions to ﬁt the fringe ﬁeld shapes
at all excitation current values, so that unmeasured
values are interpolated. We implemented these parameters in the ion-optical calculation code COSY INFINITY3) and realized a ﬁrst-order calculation that incorporates the eﬀect of large and varying fringe ﬁelds moreaccurately.
References
1) K. Kusaka et al.: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 14,
310 (2004).
2) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B204, 97 (2003).
3) K. Makino, M. Berz: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A558, 346(2006).

- 167 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radiation damage of plastic scintillation counter
D. S. Ahn,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1
Y. Shimizu,∗1 D. Murai,∗1,∗2 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 and Y. Sato∗1

The radiation damage was reported with respect tothe absorbed dose. The radiation absorbed dose wascalculated using Eq. 1. A dose of one Gray is equivalent
to a unit of energy [J] deposited in a kilogram of a
substance.
Dose[Gy] =Nbeam · ∆E · Rbeam,volume · density(1)

where Nbeam denotes beam intensity, ∆E is the energy loss of isotopes at the scintillation counter, andRbeam is the ratio of the number of events taking placein an exposed volume to the total number of events
taking place at the scintillation counter. The volume
is defined as 10×6×0.2 mm3 after checking the beam
spot size by the beam profile, and the density of theEJ-212 scintillator2) is 1.023 g/cc.
To define the exposed area, the concentrated irradiation region of the scintillation counter was determinedusing the beam profile shown in Fig. 2. Fig. 2(a) showsa scatter plot of beam profile and (b) and (c) show thex and y distributions of the beam, respectively. The∗1∗2

Counts

15
102

10

(b)

2500
2000
1500
1000

10

-5
-10

Counts

0
-20

0

6000

-15

-10

-5

0

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

5

10

15

20

X position@F3(mm)

(c)

5000
4000
3000

1

-15
-20
-20

3000

500

5

2000
1000

-15

-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

X position@F3(mm)

0
-20

-15

Y position@F3(mm)Fig. 2. Beam profile: (a) scatter plot of beam profile and(b), (c) shows x and y distribution of beam, respectively.

black square box in Fig. 2(a) indicates the defined exposed area, which is the concentrated irradiation region with 96.3% isotopes. The energy loss of isotopes
at the scintillation counter was calculated with the ratio of the cocktail beams as 108 Sn:107 In:106 Cd = 2.51%:
74.0%: 22.86%. It is noteworthy that the ratio of isotopes rarely influences the energy loss calculation because the difference of energy loss between isotopes isonly in the range of 2-3%.
Figure 3 shows the results of a relative light output
as a function of the accumulated dose. The relative
light output is defined as the relative peak positionof the light output before and after irradiation. It isclearly seen that the light output decreases with theincrease in the accumulated radiation dose at all thedifferent positions, and a similar decreasing tendency
is found at all the positions. The results indicate thatabout 50% radiation damage of the EJ-212 scintillation
counter occurs at an accumulated dose of 12×103 Gy.
Relative light output

Fig. 1. Experimental setup of the scintillation counter

(a)

20

Y position@F3(mm)We studied radiation damage of a plastic scintillation counter in an isospin diffusion experiment (NP0709-RIBF42-01) using the BigRIPS separator1) of RIKEN RIBF. Heavy-ion cocktail beams(108 Sn,107 In,106 Cd) with high intensity (0.7∼1 MHz)
were produced by projectile fragmentation of a 124 Xebeam at an energy of 345MeV/nucleon.
Figure 1 shows the experimental setup of the scintillation counter at F3 of the BigRIPS separator1). Tochange the position of the scintillation counter after radiation damage, the movable ladder stage was designed
to be remotely operated during the experiment. The
EJ-212 scintillation counter2) was used in an isospin
diffusion experiment with a high-intensity beam, andthe position of the scintillation counter was changed
after 50% damage, which was identified by checking
the relative peak position of the light output.

1

position A
position B
position C

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0

0

2.5

5

7.5

10 12.5 15 17.5 20 22.5 25
3Accumulated Dose(x10 Gy)

Fig. 3. Relative light output as a function of the accumulated dose: The different colors indicate different positions on the scintillation counter.

References
1) T. Kubo et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 03C003
2) http://www.eljentechnology.com/

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University- 168 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of the fast interlock system at the BigRIPS separator
K. Yoshida,*1 K. Tanaka, *1 K. Kusaka, *1 Y. Yanagisawa, *1 and T. Kubo*1
A beam interlock system is particularly important forprotecting beam line devices from the failure of magnets
and other devices. The failure of beam line magnets canlead to the miss-steering of the beam and the beam might
hit the beam pipe or other devices mounted along the beamline. If the beam power is high, such unexpected beamirradiation can cause serious damage to devices. The 238U
beam with an energy of 345 MeV/nucleon and the intensityof 1 particle µA can melt stainless steel even in 1 ms if it isfocused at a diameter of 2 mm. In order to prevent damage,the beam should be stopped as soon as possible. The BeamInterlock System (BIS)1,2) is installed at RIBF for thispurpose. The BIS monitors the normal operation of devices
and sends a beam-stop signal to the beam chopper installedat the exit of the ion source when a device fails. The beam
chopper stops the beam within a few microseconds uponreceiving a stop signal. The total response time of theexisting BIS is only several milliseconds since the system
uses Programmable Logic Unit (PLC) as signal processing.
To cope with high-power beams extracted from theSuperconducting Ring Cyclotron (SRC) at RIBF, theresponse time of the existing interlock system is currently
inadequate and hence, a new interlock system with a fast
response is developed.
A prototype of the fast interlock system with 4 analog
inputs and 8 logic inputs has been developed to evaluate thespeed of the response. In order to achieve a fast response
time, a compact RIO system (cRIO), cRIO-9075 of
National Instrument Co. Ltd. is utilized as the processing
unit. The cRIO consists of a CPU and a field-programmablegate array (FPGA) that are closely related to each other. The
FPGA allows a fast response between the input and output
and the CPU provides versatile control of the unit. A fastsampling ADC module, NI-9222 with 500 k sample/sec, isused for analog inputs, and fast digital I/O modules,
NI-9401 with 100 ns propagation delay, are used for logicalinputs and outputs. Fig. 1 shows the block diagram of theinterlock logic. As seen in the figure, an analog input isdigitized in the ADC and compared with pre-defined upperand lower limits; the fault output is produced if the digitizedvalue exceeds those limits. The fault output is then masked
with an enable/disable flag and latched in a Set-Reset
flip-flop in order to hold a fault situation. A logic input is
exclusive-or'ed with a polarity flag and latched in the sameway. The values in the flip-flops are or'ed together toproduce a failure output. These control logics are stored in
the FPGA of the cRIO and executed at a fast speed. The
CPU of the cRIO is used as the interface to thecomprehensive control system of the BigRIPS3) that utilizes
EPICS4) as the base. Statuses of faults and digitized valuesof the analog inputs are monitored by the control system of
the BigRIPS. The upper and lower limit values of theanalog input and input masks are dynamically set from thecontrol system. The programming of cRIO is performed in a
LabVIEW developer environment.
The response speed of the prototype of the fast interlock
system was measured with a test signal. A step signal was
inputted to the logical and analog input and the time delay
between the input and output signals was measured. The
response times are 0.2 µs for logical inputs and 5 µs foranalog inputs. These are sufficiently fast for the fastinterlock system. The prototype was also examined with theactual current monitor signal of the power supply of the first
dipole magnet at BigRIPS. The current monitor signal wasconnected to one of the analog inputs and the digitizedvalue was monitored. The digitized value was fluctuatedwithin 0.25% due to the noise that appeared in the monitor
signal. This is similar to the value compared with the
hardware comparator built in the power supply to detect theoutput current drift.
Based on the successful test results on the prototype, thefast interlock system of the BigRIPS has been designed tomonitor the analog and logical signals from power suppliesof the 34 magnets placed at the primary beam line and the
BigRIPS where a high-power primary beam is transported.
The system consists of 4 cRIOs and sends the beam stop
signal to the beam chopper as well as BIS. The fabricationof the system will be completed by the end of March 2014
and the system is expected to be operational by the end of
July 2014.
References
1) M. Komiyama, M. Fujimaki, and M. Kase, Proc. of 2nd Annu.
Meet. of Particle Accelerator Society of Japan and 30th Linear
Accelerator Meet. In Japan, Tosu, 2005-7 (2005),p. 615.
2) M. Komiyama, et. al, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., 41 (2008) 242.
3) K. Yoshida, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., 44 (2011) 131 andreferences there in.
4) http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/.

Fig. 1 Logic diagram of the prototype of the fastinterlock system.
1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 169 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Energy resolution of a gas ionization chamber for high-energy heavy ions†Y. Sato,＊1 A. Taketani,＊1 N. Fukuda,＊1 H. Takeda,＊1 D. Kameda,＊1 H. Suzuki,＊1 Y. Shimizu,＊1 D. Nishimura,＊1,＊2
M. Fukuda,＊1,＊3 N. Inabe,＊1 H. Murakami,＊1 K. Yoshida,＊1 and T. Kubo＊1
Gas ionization chambers are used for the BigRIPS
spectrometer to identify the atomic number of the flightparticles by using the energy deposition.1,2) Since the key
parameter of the detector in this application is its energy
resolution for heavy ions, an understanding of the energy
resolution behavior of high-energy heavy ions is essential in
discussing the particle identification performance. We
report the energy resolution of the gas ionization chamber
for heavy ions from the atomic number Z=31 up to Z=52 at
low counting rates below 1 kcps, and which have an energyof nearly 340 MeV/nucleon.
The ionization chamber is installed at the F7 focal planeof the BigRIPS1) spectrometer, which is operated using acounting gas mixture of Ar(90%)+CH4(10%) at
approximately 760 Torr. The effective gas thickness of 48
cm is divided into six segments, and energy spectra can beobtained for every 8 cm of gas thickness.2) The dependence
of energy resolution on the gas thickness is plotted in Fig. 1.
As an example, we show the analysis results for ions Z=38
and Z=51. With the horizontal axis scaled as theinverse-square-root of the gas thickness, L-1/2, a linear
relationship is observed, as shown by the solid linear-fitting
result lines; this observation is in good agreement with theexperimental data. We conclude that the energy resolution islinearly dependent on L-1/2. These results indicate that theenergy resolution, E, is expressed by statisticalfluctuations in the energy loss, i.e., the energy straggling ofheavy ions,  and the mean energy deposition within thegas, E, which are explained by the Bohr expression (ZL1/2) and the Bethe-Bloch formula (E  Z2L),
respectively.3,4)
In Fig. 2, we plot the energy resolution as a function of
the heavy ion atomic number for the cases of L = 24 cm ≡L1 (open circles) and L = 48 cm ≡ L2 (solid circles).
According to the Bohr expression is also proportional tothe incident ion atomic number, Z. Therefore, the energy
resolution, E, should be proportional to Z -1 because E
2
 Z . The solid and dotted lines show the fitting results of
CZ -1, where C is the fitting parameter. The best-fit
parameters were found to be C1 = 61.2±1.2 and C2 =43.5±1.0 for L1 and L2, respectively. The ratio of thesevalues is C1/C2 = 1.41±0.04, which shows excellent
agreement with the value of (L1/L2)-1/2  1.41. This result is
consistent with the above discussion, E  L-1/2.
In future works, the experimental energy resolution datafor heavier ions up to uranium (Z=92) are required to
discuss the performance of the ionization chamber for the

Fig. 1. Dependence of energy resolution on gas thickness
obtained for heavy ions Z=38 (solid circles) and Z=51
(open circles). The solid lines are the results of linear
fitting, which show the linear dependence on L-1/2.

Fig. 2. Energy resolution as a function of the atomic
number of fragment heavy ions produced from the in-flightfission of 238U at 345 MeV/nucleon. Open and solid circles
represent the cases with L=24 cm and L=48 cm,
respectively. The solid and dotted lines are the results of thefitting of Z-1.

† Condensed from the article in Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 016401 (2014)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science＊3
Department of Physics, Osaka University＊1＊2- 170 -

identification of these heavy ions. In addition, theperformance at high counting rates up to 1 Mcps is still
unclear and requires further investigation.
References

1) T. Kubo, et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2012) 03C003.
2) H. Otsu, et al.: RIKEN Accel., Prog. Rep. 42 (2009) 163.
3) N. Bohr: Philos. Mag. 30 (1915) 581.
4) G. F. Knoll: Radiation Detection and Measurement (Wiley, New
York, 2000) 3rd ed., Chap. 2.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of intense 22Na beam for application to wear diagnostics
A.Yoshida,＊1 T. Kambara,＊1 R. Uemoto,＊2 H. Uno,＊2 H. Yamaguchi,＊3 T. Nakao,＊3 D. Kahl,＊3 and S. Kubono＊3
The industrial cooperation team in RIKEN and SHIEILtd. are developing a method for application to the wear
diagnostics of industrial materials using RI beams as tracers.
RI nuclei are implanted in the near surface of machine parts
within a depth of 100 m, and the wear-loss of the nearsurface is evaluated by the decrease in the measured
radioactivity. Continuous -ray detection from outside themachine enables real-time diagnostics of wear in runningmachines. For this purpose, we studied intense RI beams of
22
Na (T1/2 = 2.6y) at the RIPS separator with an energy of
26.6 MeV/u1), and 7Be (T1/2= 53d) at the CRIB separator
with an energy of 4.1 MeV/u 2,3). From the point of view ofbeam cost and beam-time flexibility, the low-energy RI
beam production at CRIB using the AVF cyclotron
independently is favorable. Then, we studied a low energy
22
Na beam production using CRIB.
The 22Na beam was produced via the p(22Ne,22Na)nreaction. A primary beam of 22Ne7+ with an energy of 6.1
MeV/u and intensity of 0.3 pA was introduced to thecryogenic gas target4). The H2 gas at a pressure of 400 Torr
was cooled to 90 K and was circulated to the gas cell at a
rate of 17 slm. The primary beam was focused on a Havar
foil placed at the entrance of the gas cell with a spot size ofdiameter 1 mm. The target was stable during thisexperiment. The produced 22Na beam was introduced to theF2 focal plane without a degrader foil at F1. Contaminantnuclei of 19F9+ (stable) and 22Ne10+ (primary beam) werethen observed (Fig.1). The 22Na beam had two components
with different charge states: q=10+ and 11+. Because the22
Na10+ component had large 22Ne10+ contamination, we
have investigated the optimum magnetic rigidity for the22
Na11+ beam.

The magnetic rigidity of the CRIB separator was scannedin the range of 0.53 – 0.59 Tm (Fig.2). At the optimum
condition of 0.5535 Tm, the energy and radius of the 22Na11+
beam were 81.2 MeV (3.7 MeV/u) and  = 1.6 mm,
respectively, with a momentum slit of ± 3.1% (± 50 mm) at
F1. The 22Na beam was 78 % in purity. The intensity was
3.1×107 pps and was obtained by the following -ray
measurement. To investigate the implantation-depth profile
of 22Na, a stack of 2-m-thick aluminum foils with 16 mm
diameter were irradiated. After irradiation, the stack wasdisassembled and the intensity of the  ray (E = 1274 keV)
was measured using a Ge detector. From the obtained
profile, 22Na was implanted in aluminum at 38 ± 6 m witha total approximate activity rate of 0.9 kBq/1h irradiation.

Fig. 2 22Na11+ beam intensity dependence on the magnetic
rigidity.
The total activation rate of 22Na11+ beam using RIPS was
5 kBq/1h irradiation1), which is five times greater than theintensity of CRIB. However, this difference is nearly
compensated with the difference in beam production cost
between RIPS+RRC and CRIB+AVF.
References1)
2)

Fig. 1 Contaminant nuclei at optimum magnetic rigidity forthe 22Na11+ beam.

3)
4)

RIKEN Nishina Center
S.H.I. Examination and Inspection (SHIEI) Ltd., http://www.shiei.co.jp/＊3Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo.
＊1＊2- 171 -

T. Kambara et al.: AIP Conf. Proc. 1412 (2011) 423­429.
A.Yoshida, T.Kambara, R.Uemoto et.al.: Nucl. Instrum.
Methods, Sect. B 317, 785-788(2013).
A.Yoshida et. al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 252 (2013).
H. Yamaguchi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods, Sect. A 589,
150­156 (2008).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of ion-optics mode for the SAMURAI beam line
H. Suzuki,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 H. Takeda,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 N. Inabe,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 D. Kameda,∗1 and Y. Shimizu∗1
We have developed an ion-optical mode for the
SAMURAI beam line, which connects the SAMURAI spectrometer1) to the BigRIPS separator2). The
schematic view is shown in Fig. 4 of Kobayashi et al.
(2013)1) . There are four standard focal planes: F7,
which is the last focal plane of the BigRIPS separator;
F8; F12; and F13, which is the reaction target positionof the SAMURAI spectrometer. There are two STQ
magnets3) between F7 and F8, and two between F8
and F12, while only one STQ is located between F12
and F13. The beam shutter between F7 and F8 andthe D7 dipole magnet for the ZeroDegree spectrometer restrict the space in the vertical direction in thisbeam line. To diagnose the beam emittance, we use
the PPAC detectors at F7, F8, and F12, and beamdrift chambers at F13.
In order to fabricate the beam optics of the SAMURAI beam line, two problems need to be resolved.
First, there is only one STQ between F12 and F13;
therefore, stronger magnetic fields are required for focusing the beam at both F12 and F13. Second, thebeam envelope inside the D7 magnet in the verticaldirection needs to be made thin, because the gap in
D7 is ±61 mm. To solve these problems, we focus
the beam inside the D7 magnet instead of on F8 andF12. At F8 and F12, the beam is set to parallel. This
makes it easier to diagnose the beam optics using the
PPAC detectors and adjust the magnetic field of eachquadrupole magnet. The magnification from F7 to the
focal point inside the D7 magnet in the vertical direction is set to be around 2 to reduce the angularmagnification and make the beam envelope thinner.
The beam trajectories for the SAMURAI beam line
are shown in Fig. 1. The position and angular spreads
at F7 are set to be ±6 mm and ±10 mrad, respectively, in both the horizontal and vertical directions,which are the typical root-mean-square (r.m.s.) values
for the fragments produced from light projectiles suchas 18 O and 48 Ca. Table 1 summarizes the transfer matrices from F7 to F8, F12,
 and F13. Thematrices in(x|x) (x|a)
the horizontal direction
and those(a|x) (a|a)
(y|y) (y|b)
in the vertical direction
are shown(b|y) (b|b)
in the left and right columns, respectively.
From May 2012, we have used this ion-optics mode
for transporting the secondary beams to the SAMURAI spectrometer. The typical r.m.s. spot size at F13
was around 10-15 mm, when the r.m.s. spot size of F7
was 6 mm. In such a case, the transmission efficiency
from F7 to F13 is around 90%.
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 172 -

Table 1. Transfer matrices from F7 to F8, F12, and F13.
The left and right columns show matrices in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively.
beam line
F7-F8
F7-F12
F7-F13horizontal

−1.09
4.28
0.00
 −0.23
0.76 −2.99
0.00
 0.33

1.86
0.00
−0.43
0.54



F7

F8

F7

F8

(D7)

vertical

−2.80
2.20
0.00
 −0.45
0.85 −2.20
0.00
 0.45

2.16
0.00
−0.66
0.46



F12

F13

F12

F13

Fig. 1. Beam trajectories from F7 to F13. F13 is the reaction target position of SAMURAI. Top and bottom
panels show the trajectories in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively. The position and angularspreads at F7 are ±6 mm and ±10 mrad, respectively,
in both the directions. The box triplet shows each STQ
magnet.

References
1) T. Kobayashi et al. : Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res.,
B 317, 294 (2013).
2) T. Kubo: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., B 204, 97(2003).
3) K. Kusaka et al.: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond., 14,
310 (2004).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Operational status of the superconducting SAMURAI magnet∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 173 -

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

(a)
Upper
Lower

09/21 09/28 10/05 10/12 10/19 10/26 11/02

Temperature [K]Temperature [K]Date

Temperature [K]Operation of the superconducting SAMURAI magnet was started in June 2011, and experiments using the SAMURAI spectrometer was started in March
2012.1) So far, a commissioning and ﬁve experiments
have been performed.2–6) During this period, we had
maintained the operation of the cryogenic system of
the magnet and overhauled the cryocoolers in October 2012.7) However, the operation policy for the magnet was changed from “continuous cooling” to “irregular cooling” in order to save the operation time of
the cryocoolers, where “irregular cooling” means thatthe magnet will be cooled down for every SAMURAI
campaign experiments and warmed up after the experiments. Thus, the operation of the magnet was stopped
temporarily in September 2013. In this report, the alteration in the temperature of the magnet when it was
stopped is shown.
The upper and lower superconducting coils are installed in two separate cryostats and cooled by the liquid helium bath cooling method.7,8) Each cryostat is
equipped with one 4-K GM/JT cryocooler, which recondenses the evaporating liquid helium. The 20-K as
well as 80-K thermal shields are cooled by two GM
cryocoolers. Each cryostat is equipped with anotherGM cryocooler that cools the power leads made by ahigh-T c superconductor.
The warming-up procedure was started by stoppingthese cryocoolers. In order to keep the recovery volume of the liquid helium within the load limit of therecovery compressor at RNC Liquid Helium Plant, thewarming-up timing of the lower cryostat was delayed.
As a result, the liquid helium was fully recovered, 215 L
in 37 h and 227 L in 34 h from the upper and lower
cryostats, respectively.
The temperature rise at the major points in thecryostats is shown in Fig. 1. In the ﬁgure, the structure is seen when the temperature of the coil vessels exceeded 77 K (Fig. 1(a)). This is because of the heat exchange between the coil vessels and other parts, whichhappened when the condensed residual atoms such as
nitrogen at the outer wall of the coil vessels evaporated
into the vacuum layer of the cryostat.
Figure 1(a) shows the temperature of the coil vessel, which corresponds to the cold mass of the cryostat. The cold-mass weight of each cryostat is about
3.5 ton, and it took about 48 and 41 days to reachroom temperature for the upper and lower cryostats,respectively. The speed of the temperature rise for the
lower cryostat was faster than that for the upper cryostat at all points, as shown in Fig. 1. This is assumed
to be due to the diﬀerence of the heat load, which re-

Temperature [K]H. Sato,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1 M. Ohtake,∗1 Y. Shimizu,∗1 K. Yoneda,∗1 and T. Kubo∗1

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0

(b)
Upper A
Upper B
Lower A
Lower B
09/21 09/28 10/05 10/12 10/19 10/26 11/02
Date

(c)
Upper A
Upper B
Lower A
Lower B
09/21 09/28 10/05 10/12 10/19 10/26 11/02
Date

(d)
Upper
Lower

09/21 09/28 10/05 10/12 10/19 10/26 11/02
DateFig. 1. Temperature rise at each point: (a) coil vessels,(b) 20-K cryocoolers, (c) 80-K cryocoolers, and (d) cryocoolers for power leads. The cryocoolers of the upperand lower cryostats were stopped on 9/18 and 9/25.

sults from the diﬀerence of the length of the chimney
pipe between the liquid helium reservoir vessel and thecoil part of the cryostat (see Fig. 1 in Sato et al.7) ).
References
1) K. Yoneda et al.: RIKEN Accl. Prog. Rep. 45, i (2012).
2) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).
3) K. Yoneda et al.: RIKEN Accl. Prog. Rep. 46, 145(2013).
4) Y. Kondo et al.: RIKEN Accl. Prog. Rep. 46, 6 (2013).
5) T. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accl. Prog. Rep. 46, 7(2013).
6) H. Otsu et al.: In this report.
7) H. Sato et al.: RIKEN Accl. Prog. Rep. 46, 147 (2013).
8) H. Sato et al.: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23,4500308 (2013).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Vacuum system for the SAMURAI spectrometer†
Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 T. Kobayashi,∗1,∗2 T. Kubo,∗1 T. Motobayashi,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 and K. Yoneda∗1
The first commissioning experiment of the SAMURAI spectrometer1) and its beam line was performed in
March, 2012. The vacuum system for the SAMURAI
spectrometer includes its beam line and the SAMURAI vacuum chamber with the windows for detecting
neutrons and charged particles.
The window for neutrons is made of 3 mm-thickstainless steel designed in the shape of a partial cylinder to support itself against atmospheric pressure. The
deflection of the window caused by the pressure difference and the induced stress are calculated using thegeneral purpose finite element analysis program code
ANSYS2) . Figure 1 shows the ANSYS calculation result. The calculated displacement by the atmosphericpressure at the central region and the maximum induced stress are 0.17 mm and 44 MPa, respectively. Itshould be noted that the latter is smaller than 1/10 of
the tensile strength. This window is achieved a safety
factor of 12.

the Kevlar textile are calculated by ANSYS. Since theelastic properties of the Kevlar textile are not known,
they are determined to reproduce the vacuum test3) .
In order to reduce the displacement and elongation of
the Kevlar textile, we performed a calculation considering a flexure of 193 mm in the initial condition. The
result is shown in Fig. 2. The displacement and elongation of the Kevlar textile are 73 mm and 6.3%, respectively.

Fig. 2. ANSYS calculation result for Kevlar textile with aflexure of 193 mm in the initial condition.

Fig. 1. ANSYS calculation result for the shape of a partial
cylinder with a thickness of 3 mm.

The window for charged particles was composed of
a combination of Kevlar and Mylar with thicknessesof 280 and 75 µm, respectively. The Kevlar and MyR
to the top of thelar were glued with an Araldite
window frame, which is made of SUS304. The open
geometry of the exit window of the vacuum chamberis 2800 × 800 mm2 , while a 2800 × 400 mm2 window was used in the commissioning experiment. This
was a result of tradeoff between the experimental requirement and the safety and risk management for the
breaking of the window. The deflection and stress for†∗1∗2

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 739(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tohoku University

In order to have a flexure of 40 mm around the centerregion in the initial condition, both sides of the Kevlar
and Mylar were slacked by about 5 mm. The flexureof 40 mm was determined to be the maximum flexure
without inducing wrinkles in the Mylar at the corners.
The maximum deflection around the center region was
estimated to be approximately 60 mm. This indicatesthat the Mylar elongated about 3.2% due to air pressure, which was 1/3 smaller than that of the tensile
elongation at the break. Since this window is achieveda safety factor of only 2.8, the window materials haveto be replaced every year for reasons of safety.
The deflections of these windows by visual observation were consistent with the ANSYS calculation results. The pressure in the SAMURAI vacuum chamber was successfully maintained at a few Pa during
the commissioning experiment without any problems
caused by the windows.
References
1) Y. Shimizu et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 312, 052022(2011).
2) URL: http://www.ansys.com/
3) Y. Shimizu et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 154(2011).

- 174 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Full-size partition window for the SAMURAI spectrometer
Y. Shimizu,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 T. Kobayashi,∗1,∗2 T. Kubo,∗1 T. Motobayashi,∗1 H. Sato,∗1 and K. Yoneda∗1
For future SAMURAI experiments measuring coincident heavy fragments and light charged particles, lightcharged particles are fully spread on the exit window of
the SAMURAI spectrometer. In order to detect lightcharged particles efficiently, the vacuum partition window should have a maximum vertical size of 800 mm.
In this report, the design and development of a full-size
partition window for the SAMURAI spectrometer aredescribed.
The window material deflects penetrating particles
by multiple scattering and causes their energy fluctuation by energy loss struggling. At the same time,
it is necessary to ensure that the material is strong
enough to hold the vacuum. The vacuum partition
is of the combination of a Kevlar textile for tensile
strength support and a Mylar foil for vacuum partitioning. The thicknesses were 280 and 75 µm, respectively. The deflection of the Kevlar textile caused by
the pressure difference and the induced stress is calculated by the general purpose finite element analysis
program code ANSYS1) . Since the elastic propertiesof the Kevlar textile are not known, they are determined to reproduce the vacuum test2) . Figure 1 shows
the results of ANSYS calculation of the displacements
for the several flexures in the initial condition. At alarger flexure than 150 mm in the initial condition, thedisplacement becomes small enough. We determined aflexure of 155 mm in the initial condition.

shows a drawing of the full-size partition window for
the SAMURAI spectrometer. A flexure of 155 mm in
the initial condition was achieved. The Kevlar and theMylar were glued with an Araldite to the side pipe of
the window frame. Owing to the pipe structure, every adhesion side was perpendicular to the direction inwhich the Kevlar and Mylar were pulled by the pressure difference

Fig. 2. Drawing of the full-size partition window.

This window was mounted on the test vacuum chamber. The achieved vacuum level was a few kPa. Figure 3 shows a photograph of the full-size partition window on the test vacuum chamber. The deflection was
about 10 mm by visual observation. Therefore, since
the Mylar foil is hardly extended, there is no fear of
it collapsing. However, because this value differs fromthe ANSYS calculation, it may be necessary to improvethe boundary condition in the ANSYS calculation.

Fig. 1. The flexure dependence of Kevlar textile displacement.

Because of wrinkles of the Mylar at corners, a flat
window cannot have larger flexure than 100 mm2) . In
order to have large flexure in every position, a window was designed having the shape of a partial cylinder with a radius of curvature of 715 mm. Figure 2∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tohoku University

Fig. 3. Photograph of the full-size partition window.

References
1) URL: http://www.ansys.com/
2) Y. Shimizu et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res., Sect.
B 317, 739 (2013).

- 175 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development Of Multiple-Particle Tracking Algorithm For Forward
Drift Chamber In SAMURAI
M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗1 H. Otsu,∗1 and T. Isobe∗1∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center

X [mm]of degree of freedom (NDF) is within 10%, the track
information is stored as a candidate. Then, a precise
hit position on the plane is calculated from the drift
time for the candidate tracks. Two possibilities, i.e.,
whether the particle passed through in the left side or
right side of the wire, are resolved by calculating theminimum χ2 configuration.
The track reconstructed in the X-Z plane is projected onto the U and V planes, and the wire positions in the Y axis are evaluated. By combining the Y
position on these planes, a linear fitting is applied forthem with spatial resolution of the wire pitch size. If
the χ2 /NDF is less than 1, the ambiguity of the leftor right side path is resolved in the same manner as in
X-Z plane.
As a result, three-dimensional multiple tracks in
FDC1 were reconstructed as shown in Fig.1. In
this event, two tracks were found in both FDC1 andFDC2 independently. Tracks reconstructed withoutbias caused by other detectors enable us to estimate
the intrinsic tracking efficiency. This code is applicable for any experiments performed in the SAMURAI
spectrometer.
150
100
50
0
-50
-100

150

Y [mm]The Superconducting Analyzer for MUlti-Particles
from RadioIsotope Beam (SAMURAI)1) has beenplaying an important role in studying unstable nuclei in RIBF since 2012. In April 2013, 16 C(α, α′ )experiment2) was carried out to investigate a degreeof freedom for an exotic cluster which appears above
an α emission threshold in high excited states. In the
SAMURAI spectrometer, four momenta of α and aresidue were measured simultaneously to reconstruct
the invariant mass of the excited states. Thus far, nocomputer code has been developed for multiple charged
particle tracking, the primary issue being that trackreconstruction takes a long CPU processing time tofind a true hits combination from numerous hits combinations. With this background, a new algorithm for
multiple charged particle tracking was developed in theanaROOT3) framework and is described here.
In the SAMURAI spectrometer, two Forward Drift
Chambers (FDC1 and FDC2) are installed to reconstruct the tracks of scattered reaction residues in theforward direction. FDC1 and FDC2 are located upstream and downstream of the SAMURAI dipole magnet, respectively. Each FDC consists of three kindsof wire orientation planes referred to as X, U, and V
planes, and two planes of the same type are placednext to each other. This pair of two planes is hereafter
called a super pair plane. In the X plane, the wires
are parallel to the Y axis and, in the U and V planes,
the wires are tilted +30o and −30o , respectively to resolve the three-dimensional flight path. The planes areassembled in the order of X, X’, U, U’, V, V’, X, X’,
U, U’, V, V’, X, and X’ in FDC2 and in the opposite
order in FDC1.
In the beginning, reliable hits on each plane are selected. When a charged particle passing through ionizing gases around a wire, a δ-ray or X-ray would generate signals on adjacent wires. Since a real hit signal
reaches the wire faster than fake ones, it can be chosen
as the fastest timing signal delivered from a multiple
hit TDC on a common stop mode.
Using these candidates, two hits on the super pairplane are coupled if the difference between the hit wire
positions is within the pitch size of the wires. Multiple
use of a hit is allowed. Even if a hit is not associatedin the super pair plane, it can be used with the same
method for coupled hits in the following analysis.
With considerat all combinations of coupled hits
among X planes, a track in X-Z plane is evaluatedby a linear fitting. If the number of hits included in a
track is more than 4 and if χ2 divided by the number

100
50
0
-50

-100
-150
-100 -80

-60

-40

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

Z [mm]

Fig. 1. Two reconstructed tracks in FDC1. Top and bottom figures show the track in the X-Z plane and Y-Z
plane, respectively. The color of the linear fitting function indicates correspondences.

References
1) T. Kobayashi, et. al: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317 294304 (2013)
2) H. Otsu, et. al.: In this report3) https://ribf.riken.jp/RIBFDAQ/index.php?Tools%2FAnalysis%2FANAROOT- 176 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Eﬀect of stray ﬁeld of the SAMURAI spectrometeron the neutron detector array WINDS
Y. Kubota∗1,∗2 and M. Sasano∗2
The (p, n) reaction has been used as a powerful probe
to study nuclear isovector responses such as Gamow–
Teller transitions, as extensively done in the region of
stable nuclei1) . The extension of such studies to unstable nuclei can realized by combining the neutron
detector array WINDS2) with the SAMURAI spectrometer3) for measuring high-intensity radioactive ion
beams at the RIKEN RIBF.
From an experimental point of view, however, there
is concern that the stray ﬁeld of the SAMURAI magnet may deteriorate the gain of photomultiplier tubes(PMTs) of the WINDS bars. It is well known that theeﬀect of the stray ﬁeld is maximized when the directionof the magnetic ﬁeld is parallel to that of the PMT. In
this experiment, we examined this eﬀect with several
magnetic settings and also tested the restoration ofgain with additional magnetic shielding on PMTs.
One of the WINDS bars was vertically placed near
the entrance of the SAMURAI spectrometer. Thus,
the PMTs (Hamamatsu H7195) attached at both endsof the bar are also aligned vertically. The directionof the stray ﬁeld can also be considered more or lessvertical, and the strength is large around the PMTs.
Therefore, this setup provides the most severe gaindeterioration conditions. In the present work, threesettings — (i) without any additional shielding, (ii)with one-fold shielding, and (iii) with two-fold shielding — were tested, as shown in Fig. 1. The magnetic
ﬁeld settings were 1.6, 2.2, 2.9, and 3.0 T. For thesesettings, the stray ﬁeld at the location of the PMT was
measured to be 0.5, 0.7, 4.5, and 6.0 mT, respectively.
The left panel of Fig. 2 shows the light output spectra of 137 Cs for 2.2 T. The relative gain was calibrated
with the Compton edge of the 661.7-keV γ-ray emitted from 137 Cs. For each spectrum, we assumed theposition corresponding to 70% of the maximum heightas the Compton edge. The relative gain of the PMT
decreased to 28% at 2.2 T when no additional shield-

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the additional shielding consisting of 2-mm-thick iron (SUY-1). We use only inner(a) as a one-fold, and both (a) and (b) as a two-foldshielding.
∗1∗2Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Centering was used. With the addition of one-fold shielding,
the relative gain was restored up to 97%. It was also
conﬁrmed that a relative gain of 92% or more can beachieved up to 2.9 T by using two-fold shielding, if
necessary. However, at 3.0 T, a relative gain of 59%
was obtained even with two-fold shielding. This is because of the drastic increase of the stray ﬁeld due tothe saturation eﬀect of the iron yoke of the SAMURAI
magnet around 3 T4) .
The right panel of Fig. 2 shows the light output spectra of 241 Am. Gamma rays of 60 keV from 241 Am produce almost same light output as 100-keV neutrons.
The spectrum was strongly distorted when the magnetic ﬁeld was changed from 2.9 to 3.0 T because of
the same reason as stated above. Below 2.2 T, the effect of the distortion can be made negligibly small withat least one-fold shielding.
In summary, the additional one-fold or, at most,
two-fold magnetic shielding is suﬃcient to restore thegain for the SAMURAI magnet settings up to 2.9 T,
but at 3.0 T, shielding of more than three-fold or
thicker will be necessary. Thus, the setting of 2.9 T
is practically much better than that of 3.0 T for thesimilar setup with PMTs, if there is no signiﬁcant difference between 2.9 and 3.0 T in the performance of
the SAMURAI spectrometer.
We acknowledge H. Sato for his support with theoperation of the SAMURAI magnet.
#Events#Events

x0.97
x0.28

QDC channel

QDC channel

Fig. 2. Left panel shows light output spectra of 137 Cs
without additional shielding (purple) and with one-foldshielding (green) at 2.2 T. Black line shows that at
0.0 T. Each vertical line shows the position of each
Compton edge. Right panel shows light output spectra of 241 Am with two-fold shielding at 0.0 T (blue),
2.9 T (green), and 3.0 T (red).

References
1) M. Sasano et al., Phys. Rev. C 85, 061301 (2012).
2) K. Yako et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 137 (2012).
3) T. Kobayashi et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).
4) H. Sato et al., IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23,4500308 (2013).

- 177 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of a silicon detector array with large dynamic range
M. Kurokawa,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 J. Blackmon,∗2 J. Elson,∗3 M. McCleskey,∗4 T. Motobayashi,∗1 H. Murakami,∗1
T. Murakami,∗5 H. Otsu,∗1 C. Rasco,∗2 A. Saastamoinen,∗4 L. Sobotka,∗3 L. Trache,∗6 R. Tribble,∗4
K. Yoneda,∗1 and J. Zenihiro∗1
We have developed an array of strip silicon detectors
for the Coulomb beakup experiments with proton-richheavy nuclei at intermediate energies. The breakup
reaction, where the ﬁnal state consists of one or two
protons and the residual heavy charged particle, is aninverse reaction of the radiative proton capture and has
been considered one of the most promising methods toextract the reaction rate of the capture process. The
extracted rate gives us insight into the nucelosynthesis
through the rp process, consisting of sequential proton
captures on nuclei for producing heavier ones. The array measures the four momentum of each particle inthe ﬁnal state for specifying the excitation energy ofthe state along with the SAMURAI spectrometer. We
plan to build an experimental setup capable of measuring the rates involving nuclei with masses up to 100.
The heaviest case is the breakup of a 101 Sb nucleus.
The energy deposit of the breakup fragment 100 Sn is502 times that of a proton. The dynamic range of thearray must be larger than the diﬀerence in the energy
deposit. The design value for the upper and lower detection limits were set to 1 GeV and 200 keV, respectively, after taking into consideration the possibility ofthe pile-up of events.
The total number of signal channels becomes morethan one thousand for suﬃcient momentum resolution.
In order to eﬀectively treat such a large number ofsignal channels and to suppress the cost per channel,
we need to employ the Application Speciﬁc Integrated
Circuits (ASIC) technology for the array.
In view of the above requirements, we constructed
an array consisting of newly developed preampliﬁer
ASIC providing a large dynamic range by implementing high- and low-gain channels,1) another ASIC system called HINP for subsequent pulse shaping,2) andthe silicon detector developed for the GLAST mission.3) The items in the following list were examined
for the characterization of the array by irradiating thedetector directly at the HIMAC facility .
(1) Linearity in the range from 390 keV to 300 MeV(2) Cross talk between neighboring strips(3) Yields of δ rays for the irradiation of heavy
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University
Department of Chemistry, Washington University in St.
Louis
Cyclotron Institute, Texas A&M University
Department of Accelerator and Medical Physics, National
Institute of Radiological Sciences
IFIN-HH

Fig. 1. Energy peak at around 390 keV obtained from theirradiation of a 150-MeV proton beam.

Fig. 2. Measured energy as a function of calculated energy.
The slope of the line is 1.

charged particles
The smallest energy deposit 390 keV was made by
a 150-MeV proton beam(Fig. 1). For larger deposits,
56
Fe and 84 Kr ions were accelerated as primary beams
and we selected secondary beams having a mass-tocharge ratio of two. The linear response of the lowgain channel shown in Fig. 2 indicates that the dual
gain system of the preampliﬁer ASIC succeeded in extending the upper limit to higher than 100 MeV, whichis the limit of the high-gain channel. The results obtained for the last two items will be used for the estimation of the background rates for the proton detection.
The determination of the upper and lower limits is the
subject for the next irradiation.
References
1) M. Kurokawa et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog. Rep. 44, 148(2011).
2) G. L. Engel et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 573, 418(2007).
3) T. Ohsugi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 541, 29(2005).

- 178 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of a γ-ray calorimeter for the measurement of highly
excited states
Y. Togano,∗1,∗2 M. Shikata,∗1 Y. Kondo,∗1,∗2 and T. Nakamura∗1,∗2
The γ-ray calorimeter CATANA (CAlorimeter for
γ-ray Transitions in Atomic Nuclei at high isospin
Asymmetry) has been developed to measure highly
excited states such as the pygmy dipole resonanceand/or the giant dipole resonance. CATANA will
be used with the SAMURAI facility at RIBF.1) The
excitation energy spectrum will be reconstructed by
combining the invariant mass of the reaction products measured by SAMURAI and γ-ray energies fromCATANA. CATANA is focused on achieving a highdetection eﬃciency because the probability of multiple
γ-ray emissions is high in the decay of the highly excited states. Our goal is to achieve 55% photo peakeﬃciency for a 1 MeV γ ray from a beam with velocity
β = 0.6.
The cross-sectional view of the CATANA array isshown in Fig.1. The array consists of 200 CsI crystals,
whose thickness ranges from 9 cm to 15 cm. The colors indicate the diﬀerent crystal shapes. The array iscomposed of six crystal shapes to minimize the empty
space between the crystals. The crystals at the forward angle are thicker to cope with the Doppler shiftof the γ energy. The array covers angles from 10◦ to120◦ along the beam axis. The angular coverage per
one crystal along the beam axis is about 9 degrees, andperpendicular to the beam axis, it is 18 degrees. The
space inside the array is of ellipsoidal shape, whose major radius is 25 cm and minor radius is 20 cm. R11265(Hamamatsu) PMTs will be used for two types of forward detectors, shown as yellow and saﬀron yellow in
Fig. 1, and R580 (Hamamatsu) PMTs will be used
for other detector shapes. Signal from a PMT will

be processed in the spectroscopic ampliﬁer 4494 from
Clear Pulse Corporation. The pulse height informationfrom the ampliﬁer is digitized by a Mesytec MADC32
ADC. The timing information is processed in the 4494
ampliﬁer using a build-in constant fraction discriminator, and digitized by a CAEN V1190A TDC. The logic
trigger signal is generated as an “or” signal from thetiming information.
The detection eﬃciency and the energy resolution of
the CATANA array was estimated by using a MonteCarlo simulation based on the code GEANT4. The
thickness of the crystal housing and the space between
the housing and crystal were assumed to be 1 mm in
the simulation. The eﬃciency was calculated as 56%
and 36% for 1 MeV and 10 MeV γ rays, respectively,from a beam with velocity of β = 0.6.
The prototype CsI crystal was tested at the Tokyo
Institute of Technology. Fig. 2 shows the prototype
CsI(Tl) crystal. The thickness of the crystal is 9 cm,
and the shape of the prototype crystal corresponds tothe blue one in Fig.1. The R11265 PMT is attached at
the top side of the crystal. The crystal is wrapped by
the ESR ﬁlm (3M) of 65 µm and Teﬂon tape as reﬂectors. An energy resolution of 8.5% was achieved for the
662 keV γ ray with the prototype crystal. Based on themeasured resolution, the energy resolution (FWHM) of
13% and 9% for 1 MeV and 10 MeV γ rays, respectively, from a beam at β = 0.6 is expected with theentire CATANA array.
The fabrication of 200 crystals will commence inspring 2014, and the entire system will be completed
by spring 2015.

Fig. 2. Photograph of the prototype CsI(Tl) crystal.
Fig. 1. Cross-sectional view of the CATANA array. Colorsof crystals correspond to their shapes.

References∗11) T. Kobayashi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294(2013).

∗2

Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center- 179 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of a next-generation PSD type neutron detector,
NiGIRI†The azimuthal angle correlation of neutrons (n) andcharged particles (p, d, t, ...) with respect to the reaction planes in heavy-ion collisions is a powerful approach for studying equation of state (EOS) in highdensity nuclear matter.
A next-generation neutron detector, NiGIRI (Neutron, ion, and Gamma-ray Identiﬁcation for Radioactive Isotope beam), is designed to achieve (a) particle
identiﬁcation capability with pulse-shape discrimination (PSD), (b) high detection eﬃciency, and (c) highenergy resolution. Feather, it is designed to be applicable for multiple particle detections.
NiGIRI is comprised of arrays of detectors, consisting of plastic scintillators (ELJEN EJ299-33,
35×35×60 mm3 ), ultra-high quantum eﬃciency photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu H11265-200), andMPPCs (Multi-Pixel Photon Counter, Hamamatsu
S10985-100C). The arrays are capable of particle discrimination and position sensibility. A newly developed plastic scintillator EJ299-33 with PSD capability
is employed for identifying neutrons from gamma1,2) .
A novel concept followed by NiGIRI is that it reconstructs the particle interaction points in the scintillator
by measuring the pulse height and the timing of the
PMT and each MPPC attached on the side of the scintillator (Fig.1).
The performance of the PSD was investigated using
a neutron source (252 Cf), where two charge-integrated
QDCs with diﬀerent gate widths were measured. Onegate covers the whole signal and the other covers only
the tail part of the signal. The duration of the twogates (total and tail) were 850 ns and 800 ns. Figure
2 shows the correlation plots between the tail and thetotal QDC values. The neutrons and gamma rays are
separated.

Tail Integral [pC]

H. Matsuzawa,∗1 S. Nishimura,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2 and K. Ieki∗1

100
90
102

80

n

70
60

10
50

gamma

40
30
20
20

1
40

60

80

100

120

140
160
180
Total Integral [pC]

Fig. 2. Pulse shape discrimination between neutrons andgamma rays in EJ299-33.

Position reconstruction of the particles on the surface of the entrance window (35×35 mm2 ) was estimated using β rays from 90 Sr source, where a 10 mm
Al plate with a 1.5 mm diameter hole was used as a collimator. The time diﬀerence of signals between PMT
and MPPCs was measured. The deviation of the interaction point with regard to depth was ignored in
the position calibration owing to its relatively shorter
range of β-ray relative to the length of the scintillator.
We reconstructed the incident position from the time
diﬀerence of the averaged two MPPCs between diagonal corners. The position resolution is estimated tobe σx = 5.8 ± 0.2 mm and σy = 6.9 ± 0.4 mm after
the position calibration. Improvement of the position
resolution is anticipated by further correction.
Reconstruction of the interaction point in beam direction is under investigation. After the optimizationof the prototype NiGIRI detector, mass production of
the NiGIRI array will be initialed.
References
1) S.A. Pozzi et al.; Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 723, 19-23 (2013)2) S. Nyibule et al.; Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 728, 36-39 (2013)

Fig. 1. The overview of the prototype NiGIRI detector.
†

∗1
∗2

Supported by KAKENHI (25247045).
Department of Physics, Rikkyo Univ.
RIKEN Nishina Center- 180 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of gating grid driver for SPiRIT TPC
T. Usukura,∗1,∗2 T. Isobe,∗2 H. Baba,∗2 and K. Ieki∗1
The symmetry energy part of the nuclear equationof state (EOS) influences various phenomena in nuclear astrophysics, nuclear structure, and nuclear reactions. The behavior of nuclear symmetry energy canbe probed through a measurement of the π − /π + ratio
in heavy ion collisions. For this purpose, experiments
using the Time Projection Chamber (TPC) installed in
SAMURAI magnet1) have been proposed.2) The TPC
is necessary to measure charged particles such as pions,
protons, and light ions in high multiplicity environment produced by heavy ion collisions. When we perform the experiments at SAMURAI, heavy ions passthrough TPC as well as light charged particles, resulting in gain reduction due to the production of a large
amount of ions from the avalanche process around anode wires. To avoid such a gain reduction, gating grid
wires are located prior to the avalanche region. Techniques to protect the avalanche region have been wellestablished.3) In the open gate mode, all the gating
grid wires are held at the same potential VG , admitting
electrons from the drift volume to enter the avalanche
region. In the closed gate mode, the gating grid is biased with a bipolar field (positive side:VG + ∆V , negative side:VG − ∆V ), which prevents electrons from thedrift volume to reach the avalanche region. The closed
gate prevents ions created in the avalanche processesof previous events from drifting back into the drift volume. A gating grid driver (GGD) was developed torealize such protection of the TPC. Figure 1 shows aprototype of the GGD. The design is based on the E907
TPC GGD.4)

Fig. 2. Position resolution along wire axis as a function of
flash ADC sampling frequency for each case, with andwithout GGD.

Fig. 1. Prototype of gating grid driver.

The GGD performance was studied by using a Xebeam at HIMAC. Since we could not use the TPC for
SAMURAI, we used the BRAHMS TPC5) to checkthe GGD performance. A CsI target was located in
front of the TPC so that light charged particles can be∗1∗2

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center

measured as well as the Xe beam. T2K-TPC electronics were used to read out 256 (4 ×64) pads. Withoutswitching the gating grid wire using the GGD, we observe a gain attenuation at the beam rate of 10kpps.
On the other hand, such a gain attenuation can besuppressed by switching the gating grid wire. The
switching potential (VG ) is the same as that for the
BRAHMS experiment.5) Though we can suppress thegain attenuation, the base line is fluctuated every timeby the gate operation, which generates a large noise on
the pad readouts with respect to the signal from the
MIP particles. One of the main reasons of the noises
from the GGD is the different rise times in the positive
and negative sides although the sum of the positive andnegative side voltages (2VG ) should be controlled to beconstant. Since the noise shape caused by the GGD issimilar among different events, we calibrate the baseline shape with a pedestal run and reconstruct the hit
position after the subtraction of the baseline. Figure 2
shows the position resolution along the wire axis of
the TPC after the calibrated baseline is subtracted.
The position resolution under the bad noise condition
created by the GGD is similar to the resolution with
GGD. This implies that the noise created by the GGD
can be made insignificant by subtracting the baseline
as far as the position resolution is the same.

References
1) T. Kobayashi et al.: NIM B317, 294 (2013).
2) T. Murakami et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 150(2013).
3) P. Nemethy et al.: NIM 212, 273 (1983).
4) G. Rai et al.: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 37, 56 (1990).
5) M. Adamczyk et al.: NIM A499, 437 (2003).

- 181 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SPYBOX: Clock Monitoring at the GET Electronics
A. Perrevoort,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 and A. Taketani∗2∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics

Figure 1. Schematics of GET and SPYBOX
Delay [ns]The SPYBOX is a device that measures the timedifferences between the clock signals of the various
AsAd boards (ASIC Support and Analog-Digital conversion) at the GET electronics (General Electronics
for TPC)1)2) in order to monitor the clock synchronisation. It will be used at SPiRIT - the TPC at the
SAMURAI experiment.
At the GET electronics a total number of 120 AsAd
boards are available, enabling GET to read out morethan 30000 channels of a TPC. At each AsAd board,
there are two inspection lines available which can beused to monitor various internal signals such as clock
signals. These clock signals are fed into the SPYBOX.
For the SPYBOX two stages of multiplexer are implemented in FPGAs (see figure 1): At the first stage,
64 signals are multiplexed to two. Up to four of these
FPGAs exist. The second stage reduces the remaining
eight signals to two which are used as start and stop
signal for an external TDC. Thus, a total number of
256 clock signals can be monitored, slightly exceeding
the 240 inspection lines available in GET.
The time difference between the two signals is readfrom the TDC by a microcontroller which also serves
as communication interface to the user’s computer.
So far, two prototypes have been developed.
The first prototype3) houses all components on one
board. Tests with clock signals show that the principle
is feasible and yield a maximum skew of about 0.5 ns(see figure 2).
Nevertheless, this prototype has some drawbacks. For
instance, the connectors as implemented on the board
are not compatible with the AsAd board, and only
about half the total number of clock signals can beprocessed. Moreover, the large size of this board turns
out to be unhandy. By this, the need for a second
prototype arose.
The second prototype is compatible with the AsAd
board. It has a compact and modular design consistingof an own board for each stage of multiplexer. Thus,
it allows the use of a reduced setup – for example at
SPiRIT where only about 50 AsAd boards are used.
Additionally, the second prototype leaves space for further developments. One of the inspection lines at AsAd
is for example bidirectional. It either outputs internalsignals or receives external trigger signals for the AsAd
pulse generator. The design of the second board accounts for the bidirectional line.
One additional feature of the second prototype concerns the timing resolution. As this prototype has asignificant number of integrated circuit chips, the indi-

0.3

0.2

0.1

0

-0.1

-0.2

-0.3
0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Number of Measurement

Figure 2. Time difference between two channels fed by thesame clock signal corrected by the clock period

Figure 3. Delaying an individual channel by LUTs

vidual channels are prone to experience different travel
times. To improve the timing resolution individual delay can be added to each channel compensating for thedifferent travel times. This is done inside the FPGAs
by a chain of LUTs (look-up-tables) which leads tofreely selectable wire delay (see figure 3). First tests ofthe delay adjustment implemented in the FPGA yieldadditional delays of (0.7 to 0.8) ns per LUT. The timedifference between two channels can be measured witha standard deviation of slightly less than 0.05 ns.
Currently, the second prototype is about to be finalized and will be evaluated afterwards.
References
1) E. C. Pollacco et al.: LoI for GET - General Electronics
for TPC (2008)2) http://www-actar-get.cea.fr3) K. Urano et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 152 (2013)- 182 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of TPC readout system for SπRIT project
T. Isobe,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 N. Nakatsuka,∗2 T. Murakami,∗2 W.G. Lynch,∗3 G. Jhang,∗4 W. Powell,∗5 andE. Pollacco,∗6 for the SπRIT Collaboration

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan
State University
Department of Physics, Korea University
Department of Physics, University of Liverpool
CEA Saclay IRFU/SPhN

Fig. 1. Cosmic signal detected by SπRIT-TPC with GETelectronics. Each line corresponds to one channel. One
AsAd board contains four ASIC chips (AGET). One
ASIC corresponds to 32 channels. The GET system
employs SCA type flash ADC. Up to 512 time buckets
can be used for analog data buffering. The pedestal is
not suppressed in this figure.

0-100
y (mm)For the measurement of multiple charged particle
tracks in a heavy-ion collision experiment at RIBF,
a time projection chamber (TPC) will be installed in
the SAMURAI superconducting dipole magnet. The
main aim of the experiment is to study the density dependence of symmetry energy defined in the nuclear
equation of state. This project is carried out by aninternational collaboration, the “Sπ(PI)RIT collaboration”; SπRIT means Samurai PIon Reconstruction and
Ion Tracker. As the readout electronics for more than
12k channels of TPC, a novel readout system, GET,1)
is employed. GET stands for General Electronics for
TPC and has been developed mainly by a collaboration between French institutes and American institute.
The details of the GET system for the SπRIT project
have been reported by Isobe et al.2) .
For the first experiment at RIBF, we obtained thepre-production AsAd board, which is one of the important boards of the GET system and which was tested
with SπRIT TPC at MSU. The pre-production AsAd
board is controlled using the Xilinx evaluation boardof ML507. ML507 can control only one board. For
the massive readout of TPC, a dedicated concentration board, the CoBo board, which can control up to
4 boards, will be produced. Figure 1 shows the cosmic ray signal height of each channel as a function of
the time bucket. There are 512 time buckets for one
channel, and a sampling rate of up to 100 MHz is available. In the case of SπRIT TPC, a sampling rate of
50 MHz with 256 time buckets is planned to be used
to cover the 10 µs drift time, which corresponds to adrift length of 50 cm with a 5 cm/µs drift velocity in
P10 gas. Based on the information taken by the GET
electronics, we succeeded to reconstruct the track asshown in Fig. 2. Now the analysis of the cosmic raydata is ongoing. It is planned that electron track data
will eventually be taken with radioactive source.
As the data acquisition system, we plan to employ
NARVAL,2) which is used in the French nuclear physics
laboratory, such as GANIL. The size of data producedby the SπRIT plus GET system is estimated to be
more than 100 MByte per second. NARVAL is selected
as it can handle data of such large size.
Finally, 48 electronic boards will be mounted on the
TPC and will be tested with cosmic rays in 2014. Af-

-200
-300
-400
-500
400
300
200
100

0
mm -100) -200
-300
-400

x(

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

)

z (mm

Fig. 2. Cosmic track reconstructed by SπRIT-TPC. The
black line denotes the 3D track. The red and blue lines
denote the projected track on each plane. A 100-MHz
sampling rate is used.

ter that, the TPC will be mounted on the SAMURAI
magnet for the first heavy ion collision experiment.
References
1) E. Pollacco et al.: Physics Procedia 37, 1799 (2012).
2) T. Isobe et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 151(2013).
3) X. Grave.: Proc. 14th IEEENPSS Real-Time Conf ,65(2005).

- 183 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Simulation study of a trigger scintillator array for the SPiRIT
experiment
T. Yoshida,∗1 T. Isobe,∗2 and K. Ieki∗1

count

The SPiRIT (SAMURAI Pion Reconstruction Ion
Tracker) experiment was performed at RIBF using unstable heavy-ion beams with various N/Z ratios. The
aim of the experiment was to determine the nuclear
equation of state (EOS) by investigating the production ratio of π − to π + in heavy-ion collisions. We designed a scintillator array to trigger central collision
events by using a detailed detector simulation, which
was performed using the GEANT4 toolkit with theMonte-Carlo transport code PHITS; the PHITS is used
as an event generator of heavy-ion collisions.
First, we evaluated charged-particle multiplicity distribution in heavey-ion collisions to confirm the validity of the simulation by comparing the simulated distribution to the measured distribution in the H292 experiment. The H292 experiment was performed with 400
AMeV 132 Xe beam on CsI target at HIMAC in March
2013. In H292, a multiplicity counter, which consistedof 60 plastic scintillators, was used to trigger central
collision events. By constructing the same setup of
H292 in the simulation, we evaluated the chargedparticle multiplicity distribution as shown in Fig. 1.
The obtained distribution reproduces the experimental result well; in particular, the multiplicities of morethan 6 show good agreement.
Then, we examined geometrical configuration of thetrigger scintillator array for the SPiRIT experiment tomaximize geometrical acceptance for the central collision events. In the experiment we used two sets ofsimulation

10-1

H292 experiment

10-2

10-3
0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

Fig. 2. Acceptance of the trigger scintillator array as afunction of the centrality in 300 AMeV 124 Sn + 124 Sncollisions when the trigger scintillator arrays were installed to cover the polar angles ranges of −40 < θ <−20 and 20 < θ < 40 degrees.

trigger arrays located just downstream of the SPiRIT
TPC. Here, we assumed scintillator arrays with size
1200 mm (horizontal) × 400 mm (vertical) × 10 mm(thickness) segmented into eight units vertically. Figure 2 shows the obtained acceptance as a function of
the centrality in 300 AMeV 124 Sn + 124 Sn collisions
when the trigger scintillator arrays were installed tocover the polar angle ranges of −40 < θ < −20 and
20 < θ < 40 degrees. In this configuration, the trigger array can accumulate the central events with morethan 30% acceptance in the region of the 0 – 60% centrality, which satisfies the experimental requirement.
We also evaluated the charged-particle multiplicity ofthe trigger array and found that we can precisely investigate the production ratio of π − to π + with track
information reconstructed by the SPiRIT TPC.
References

16 18
20
multiplicity

1) Bao-An Li, Nucl. Phys. A 708, (2002) 365.
2) M. B. Tsang et al., Phys. Rev. C 86, 015803 (2012).

Fig. 1. Comparison of charged-particle multiplicity distribution between the simulation and the H292 experiment, with multiplicities of more than 2. The simulated
distribution is normalized to the experimental yield.
∗1∗2

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 184 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SHARAQ spectrometer for high-resolution studies
for RI-induced reactions†S. Michimasa,∗1 M. Takaki,∗1 Y. Sasamoto,∗1 M. Dozono,∗2 T. Nishi,∗3 T. Kawabata,∗4 S. Ota,∗1 H. Baba,∗2
T. Baba,∗4 T. Fujii,∗1 S. Go,∗1,∗2 S. Kawase,∗1 Y. Kikuchi,∗1 K. Kisamori,∗1,∗2 M. Kobayashi,∗1 Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2
C.S. Lee,∗1,∗2 H. Matsubara,∗2 K. Miki,∗5 H. Miya,∗1,∗2 S. Noji,∗6 H. Tokieda,∗1 M. Tsumura,∗4 K. Yako,∗1
R. Yokoyama,∗1 H. Takeda,∗2 Y. Yanagisawa,∗2 T. Kubo,∗2 N. Inabe,∗2 N. Fukuda,∗2 D. Kameda,∗2 H. Suzuki,∗2
Y. Shimizu,∗2 H. Sato,∗2 T. Ichihara,∗2 A. Stolz,∗6 R.G.T. Zegers,∗6 H. Sakai,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗2 and S. Shimoura∗1

†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 305(2013)
Center for Nuclear Study, the University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, the University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
RCNP, Osaka University
NSCL, Michigan State University

As in the ion-optics studies for SHARAQ, we also
report here the results of the high-resolution achromatic (HA) and dispersion-matching (DM) transportmodes. The HA mode is achromatic transport to thesecondary target. One advantage of the HA mode is a
wider momentum acceptance (∆p/p = 2%) comparedto the DM mode (∆p/p = 0.6%), and thus, higher
intensity RI beams can be delivered to the SHARAQ
spectrometer. Momentum tagging by LP-MWDC at
the intermediate dispersive focus (F6) enables us to
improve the spectroscopic resolution of the reaction
kinematics with respect to the momentum spread of
the radioactive beam. We demonstrate the validity of
the correction in Fig. 1.
300
150

200
100

Yield [a.u.]

XS2 [mm]

The SHARAQ project1) , which began in 2004, aims
at high-resolution spectroscopy for reactions inducedby radioactive ions (RI’s) at 100A–350A MeV using
the missing-mass method and at exploring new experimental techniques in the field of nuclear physics. In
2009, the construction of the High-Resolution Beamline (HRB)2) and SHARAQ spectrometer1) was completed at the RI Beam Factory (RIBF). The design
specifications of the SHARAQ spectrometer are provided in Ref.1) . To date, the SHARAQ and HRB
have been used for six experiments involving charge
exchange reactions with radioactive isotope beams.
For experiments at SHARAQ, detector developments and ion optics studies are underway to improve the performance for high-resolution nuclear spectroscopy. A CVD diamond detector was developed incollaboration with NSCL/MSU to measure beam timings at achromatic foci with extremely good time resolution. The detector consists of a CVD diamond crystal of active area 28 mm2 and thickness 0.2 mm, withfour strips on one side and one pad on the other side.
We performed a test of the diamond detector using a
32-MeV α beam. The time resolution was deduced to
be 27 ps (σ). Details of the test and the performanceof the CNS diamond detector were reported in Ref.3) .
Multi-wire drift chambers operating at low gas pressure (LP-MWDC’s) were successfully installed at thebeamline foci. A tracking detector with high-rate capability and good position resolution enables us to obtain high-statistics data and to correct them throughevent-by-event momentum tagging. In our previous
experiments, because the beam and reaction products
were light nuclei with Z = 1–7, operation with low
gas pressure was essential for reducing energy straggling and multiple scattering in the tracking detectors.
The LP-MWDC achieved a position resolution of better than 300 µm (FWHM) for light ions and successfully operated with RI beams of intensities greater than
1 Mcps during a 1-week experiment. The high-rate
performance is described in detail in Ref.4) .

0

-100

100

50

-200
-300

-100

0

XF6 [mm]100

0-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50

Excitation energy [MeV]Fig. 1. (a) Correlation plot between F6 and the final dispersive focus of the SHARAQ spectrometer (S2). (b)Energy spectra with and without the event-by-event
momentum correction.

The DM mode of SHARAQ spectrometer and HRB
was designed to achieve extremely high resolution ofreaction kinematics by the lateral and angular dispersion matching conditions in the entire system. Thusfar, in the DM mode, we have achieved a momentum
resolution of 1/8100 (FWHM) by taking into accountthe positions and angles of the beam constituents atthe third focal plane (F3) of BigRIPS.
References
1) T. Uesaka et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012, 03C007(2012).
2) T. Kawabata et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 266, 4201
(2008).
3) S. Michimasa et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 710(2013).
4) H. Miya et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 701 (2013).

- 185 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of dual eﬀective gas gain multiplication in CNS Active
Target for a high-intensity beam injection
C.S. Lee,∗1,∗2 S. Ota,∗2 R. Kojima,∗2 Y.N. Watanabe,∗3 H. Tokieda,∗2 and T. Uesaka∗1

∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo

Triple104

Double103
Gain

We are developing a GEM-TPC-based gaseous active target with a pure deuterium gas, called CNS Active Target (CAT),1) for performing deuteron inelastic
scattering experiments. The CAT is operated with alow-pressure (0.2-0.5 atm) deuterium gas for measuring the scattering to the forward angle closer to 0◦ . A
400-µm Thick GEM (THGEM) is chosen for the CAT
to achieve a gas gain of 104 for a low-pressure deuterium gas ; its performance was investigated for theﬁrst time in our previous work.2) . However, when thegain of THGEM is set to such a high level as 104 , theampliﬁed charges from the energy loss of the heavyion beam, which is impinged with a high-intensity of
105−6 Hz, become too large for the GEM-TPC to operate stably. The eﬀective gas gain along the beam
trajectory (BT) area should be reduced by an orderof 10-100, keeping the eﬀective gas gain in the region
where the recoiled particles (RP) are measured.
A new type of THGEM, called DGGEM (Dual-Gain
THGEM), was manufactured via mechanical drillingand it has a thickness of 400 µm, a hole diameter of
450 µm (900 µm-pitch) on the BT region, and a holediameter of 300 µm (700 µm-pitch) on the RP region; the DGGEM was used to study the dependence ofthe gain on the hole diameter. Since the electric ﬁeld
is stronger in a hole with a smaller diameter, a gas
gain in the RP region is expected to be lager, by afactor of four, than that in the BT region. Figure 1
shows the obtained gain curves in single, double, andtriple DGGEM layer setups as functions of the induction ﬁeld strength Einduction in kV/cm/atm. The measured diﬀerence of gas gain between the BT and RP
regions was much smaller than expected. Another solution was suggested, in which a grid mesh covered only
the area along the beam path with a triple (normal)
THGEM conﬁguration. By changing the electric ﬁeld
in the drift ﬁeld using the grid along the beam path,a partial gain reduction and a more stable operationof CAT is expected. A test experiment was performed
with a high-intensity 132
54 Xe (100 MeV/u) beam at the
HIMAC facility. A mesh grid with a 2cm width was
set along the beam path (4-mm above the THGEMs).
The most suitable voltage setup for the grid was identiﬁed using a defocused 132 Xe beam. Figure 2 shows
the relation between the sampled charges after multiplication and the readout pad ID. The widely hatched
area, pad ID 60-340, corresponds to the entire beam
trajectory region ; and the narrowly hatched area, padSingle102∆ VDGGEM = 700 V at 40 kPa (RP)
∆ VDGGEM = 700 V at 40 kPa (BT)∆ VDGGEM = 550 V at 18 kPa (RP)
∆ VDGGEM = 550 V at 18 kPa (BT)∆ VDGGEM = 550 V at 18 kPa (RP)
∆ VDGGEM = 550 V at 18 kPa (BT)

10
0

1

2
3
4
Einduction [kV/cm/atm]

5Fig. 1. Results for each layer structure of DGGEM.
For each measurement, the drift field strength was
1 kV/cm/atm and the transfer field strength was 2
kV/cm/atm.

ID 130-270, includes the grid. A signiﬁcant reductionof gain was achieved only on the grid area. The CAT
was stably operated via the optimized grid operation
under a high-intensity injection of 132 Xe beam up to
105 particles per pulse, in combination with tuning of
the protection circuit for the high-voltage supply. Further analysis is in progress.

Fig. 2. An example of correlation between sampled charges
after the multiplication and readout pad IDs with a
defocused beam injection. Reduced multiplication of
charges is achieved under the grid area. The color bar
indicates the number of events.

References
1) S. Ota et al.: CNS Annual Report 2011 CNS-REP-90(2013) 70-71.
2) C.S. Lee et al.: to be published on CNS Annual Report2012.

- 186 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of enlarged spin-polarized proton target for RI beam
experiments
S. Chebotaryov,∗1,∗3 S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗2 T. Kawahara,∗1 E. Milman, ∗1,∗3 K. Tateishi,∗1 and T. Uesaka∗1

where ωs is the Larmor frequency of the electron,

∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University

ωR = γs H1 is the Rabi frequency which depends on
the amplitude of the oscillating magnetic field H1 andelectron gyromagnetic ratio γs . In actual measurements after a resonance condition ωs = ω was met
by adjusting a static magnetic field Hs as ωs = γs Hs ,then ωeff was tuned to satisfy “Hartmann-Hahn condition”. Tuning of ωeff is done by changing the H1 field
amplitude, which√ is proportional to the square root of
PMW . The ωR is connected to PMW as
input
power
√
PMW ∝ H1 = ωR /γs .
We note here that a maximum proton spin polarization is produced, provided the “Hartmann-Hahn condition” is met. In the √proton spin polarization measured as a function of PMW shown in Fig. 1, however, no such maximum was identified as a peak. The
peak was not obtained even with the highest powerthat the currently used source can supply. To achieve“Hartmann-Hahn condition”, we are redesigning the
microwave resonator in order to reduce power loss due
to radiation to the outer region.
Spin Polarization (a.u.)

Spin-dependent interactions play an important rolein nuclear structure and reactions. Spin-orbit couplingis one of manifestations of spin-dependent interactions.
One of the most straightforward approaches to investigate spin-orbit coupling is the determination of thespin-orbit potential through the nuclear optical model
analysis of the vector analyzing power in the p − A
scattering (proton elastic scattering from nuclei).
At RIBF in experiments involving short-lived unstable nuclei, a spin-polarized proton target is required,since unstable nuclei are supplied as RI beams. Center for Nuclear Study, Univ. of Tokyo and RIKEN
groups have developed a spin-polarized proton target
system.1) The target material is a crystal of naphthalene doped with a small amount pentacene (0.005%),
which serves as a polarization agent. The method of
production of spin polarization employed in our target
system, is based on the cross-polarization technique,2)
where polarization of electrons system is transferred toprotons by means of dipolar interaction in the presenceof microwave irradiation.
Several RI beam experiments have been done withthis polarized proton target.3,4) For further application
the size of the target (14 mm in diameter) is a limiting
factor because the typical position spread of RI beams
is as large as 20-30 mm. This leads to loss of statistics
and also increase in background events from the surrounding materials such as a target holder. Due to theabove reasons the crystal size needs to be enlarged.
We performed upgrade of the polarizing system toaccommodate an enlarged sample and successfully obtained spin polarization signal from a sample of 24 mm
and 3 mm in diameter and thickness, respectively. Thisis the largest sample that has been polarized with thismethod. Measurement of a spin polarization was performed by means of the pulsed-NMR method.
To facilitate polarization transfer based on the crosspolarization technique, the energy gaps of electron andproton systems should be made equal, so that these
two systems are coupled. This condition: h̄ωeff = h̄ωI ,is known as the “Hartmann-Hahn condition”5) . Here,ωeff is the electron effective Larmor frequency in a coordinate system rotating with frequency ω - the frequency of oscillating microwave magnetic field, and ωI
is proton Larmor frequency. ωeff is written as2,(1)
ωeff = (ωs − ω)2 + ωR

0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0√√
Microwave Amplitude − P MW ( W )Fig. 1. Dependence of proton spin polarization signal on
the square root of applied microwave power.

At the present, we successfully obtained spin polarization signal with very large sample of 24 × 3 mm.
Although, magnitude of the polarization can be enhanced by improving the microwave system.
References
1) T. Wakui: in Proceedings of the XI-th International
Workshop on Polarized Ion Sources and Polarized Gas
Targets 2005 (World Scientific, Singapore, 2007).
2) T. Wakui, T. Uesaka, et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys.
Res. A 550, 521 (2005).
3) T. Uesaka, S. Sakaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82,
021602(R) (2010).
4) S. Sakaguchi, Y. Iseri et al.: Phys. Rev. C 84, 024604(2011).
5) Hartmann S.R., Hahn E.L.: Phys. Rev. 128, 2042
(1962).

- 187 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

β-NMR measurement of unstable nuclei with cross-polarization
techniqueT. Kawahara,∗1 K. Tateishi,∗1 R. Kojima,∗2 S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗3 E. Milman,∗1,∗4 S. Chebotarov,∗1,∗4
T. Wakui∗1,∗5 and T. Uesaka∗1
A polarized solid proton target for RI beam experiments has been developed at RIKEN and the Center
for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo.1) By means ofelectron polarization in photo-excited triplet states ofpentacene, proton polarization of approximately 20%
has been achieved in a low magnetic ﬁeld of 0.1 T andat a high temperature of 100 K. The target has been
applied to RI beam experiments for several times.2,3)
One of the next directions in the research is the polarization of unstable nuclei. If the polarization of protons
can be transferred to unstable nuclei stopped in thetarget, measurements of magnetic moments would become possible with the β-NMR method. The polarization condition of high temperature and low magnetic
ﬁeld, which is the distinct advantage of the target, is
indispensable in such low-energy beam experiments.
In this article, we report on our attempt of transferring proton polarization to 13 C nuclei contained in thesample.
As a sample, we used a single crystal of p-terphenyl
doped with pentacene molecules. Most of 1 H nuclei inp-terphenyl molecules were replaced by deuterium toobtain a higher 1 H polarization. The abundance of the1
H was 2%. The weight of the sample was 28 mg. The
crystal was irradiated by the pulsed laser light with awavelength, an average power, pulse width, and repetition rate of 514 nm, 0.3 W, 13 µs, and 7.5 kHz,
respectively. The sample temperature was controlled
at 293 K by ﬂowing cold nitrogen gas. The optimum
power of the microwave was 3 W. Under these conditions, a proton polarization of 6.2±1.2% was obtained.
In the next step, the obtained 1 H polarization wastransferred to the 13 C system by the cross-polarization
method. The 13 C (or 1 H) spin rotates along the static
magnetic ﬁeld at a certain Larmor frequency. In the
cross-polarization method, we apply a transverse magnetic ﬁeld rotating with the Larmor frequency. This rotating ﬁeld, produced by radio-frequency (RF) waves,eﬀectively changes the level gap between spin up/down
states. When the eﬀective level gaps of 1 H and 13 C are
equal, these systems couple to each other and polarization transfer takes place. The level gap is given ash̄ωR = γh̄HRF , where ωR and γ are the Rabi frequency
and gyromagnetic ratio, respectively. The HRF is thestrength of the rotating ﬁeld, which is proportional to
the square root of the RF power.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study (CNS),University of Tokyo
Department of Physics,Kyushu University
Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University
Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University

In the present case, the Larmor frequencies of 13 C
and 1 H are 3.167 and 12.59554 MHz, respectively, in astatic ﬁeld of 0.3 T. By irradiating these two RF waves
at the same time and by tuning their powers to satisfy
HC
the Hartmann-Hahn condition, γ H h̄HRF= γ C h̄HRF,
one can realize the polarization transfer between two
systems. Here, the superscripts “H” and “C” represent
1C
H and 13 C, respectively. By changing HRF
with ﬁxedHHRF , we searched the point where the HartmannHahn condition is satisﬁed. The result is shown in
Fig. 1 .

Fig. 1. The RF power dependence of 13 C polarization

As seen in the ﬁgure, the 13 C polarization was successfully obtained for the RF power of ∼160 W. The
magnitude of 13 C polarization was 0.12 ± 0.05%. The
polarization-transfer eﬃciency, which is the 13 C polarization divided by 1 H polarization (6.2%), is found tobe 1.9%. While this value is not high, it is reasonablebecouse the sample is deuterated and the abundance of1
H is 2%. If the sample is not deuterated, the numberof 1 H nuclei to which 13 C couples becomes 50 times
larger. In that case, a polarization transfer eﬃciencyof close to 100% would be obtained.
In conclusion, we obtained a high proton polarization of 6.2% bia temperature control and the use ofa deuterated p-terphenyl crystal. By transferring theproton polarization, the 13 C polarization was successfully obtained with the cross-polarization method. The
next step would be the polarization transfer to unstable nuclei stopped in the target. As the gyromagnetic
ratio of the unstable nuclei is not precisely known,
the parameter search for the Hartmann-Hahn condition will become more diﬃcult. Finding an eﬃcientmethod of the search is a challenge for the future.
References
1) T. Uesaka et al.: Eur. Phys. J. 150 (2007) 71.
2) T. Uesaka et al.: Phys. Rev. C. 82 (2010) 021602.
3) S. Sakaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C. 87 (2013) 021601.

- 188 -

1

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

The spin polarization of proton target in SHARAQ04 experiment
T.L. Tang,*1 S. Kawase,*1 Y. Kubota,*1 H. Tokieda,*1 K. Yako,*1 T. Fuji,*1 S. Michimasa,*1 K. Kisamori,*1 M. Takaki,*1
H. Miya,*1 C.S. Lee,*1 R. Yokoyama,*1 M. Kobayashi,*1 S. Ota,*1 S. Shimoura,*1 T. Kawahara,*2 T. Wakui,*3
J. Zenihiro,*4 H. Matsubara,*4 M. Dozono,*4 H. Takeda,*4 K. Kusaka,*4 N. Fukuda,*4 D. Kameda,*4 H. Suzuki,*4
M. Sasano,*4 T. Uesaka,*4 S. Sakaguchi,*5 T. Wakasa,*5 J. Yasuda,*5 T. Fukunaga,*5 T. Noro,*5 Y. Maeda,*6 S.H. Hwang,*7
W.Y. Kim,*7 S. Stepanyan,*7 D. Beaumel,*8 A. Obertelli,*9 A. Galindo-Uribarri,*10 E. Padilla-Rodal*11
A (p,2p) knockout reaction was used in the SHARAQ04
experiment to extract the spectroscopic factor of orbital
protons, and a spin-polarized proton target was used to
extract the analyzing power for distinguishing the spin-up(𝐽𝐽> ) and spin-down (𝐽𝐽< ) orbits of the knockout proton. The
analyzing power can be determined using the cross section
left-right asymmetry and spin polarization. We present theanalysis and results of the spin polarization.
The measurement of the spin polarization of the polarized
proton target1,2) was conducted using two methods. The
nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was used for quick andconstant monitoring, and proton-proton elastic scattering
was used for measuring the absolute magnitude of the spinpolarization.
A 260 MeV pure proton beam was used in proton-proton
elastic scattering runs. The spin polarization was reversed
during the measurement to eliminate of any systematic
asymmetry. A pair of recoil protons was correlated and theopening angle was 180o in the center of mass frame, whichis equal to 86.3o to 90o in the laboratory frame. The recoil
protons were tracked by two MWDCs3) locateddownstream4). The MWDCs were arranged 30o to the beamaxis and 1022 mm away from the target. The MWDCs
covered a forward angle of 20o – 70o, which is equivalent toapproximately 40o – 140o in the center of mass frame. The
position resolution of the MWDCs is approximately 0.1 mm
for X and 0.2 mm for Y.
The NMR method was applied by inserting an NMR coilto surround the target crystal. From the measurement, it was
shown that the spin polarization of the spin-down runs wasapproximately 78% smaller than that of the spin-up runs
during proton-proton elastic scattering 2).
The target crystal was made of naphthalene (C10H8). The
beam profile was much larger than the size of the target sothat significant amount of the beam was incident on thetarget holder (hydrogen-free plastics) and surrounding
structures. These two factors provided us a broad
background signal on the opening angle.
________________________________________________*1 Center of Nuclear Study, Tokyo University*2 Toho University*3 CYRIC, Tohoku University*4 RIKEN Nishina Center*5 Kyushu University*6 University of Miyazaki*7 Kyungpook National University*8 IPN Orsay*9 CEA Orsay*10 Oak Ridge National Laboratory*11 ICN, Nuiversidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico

By assuming that the reaction point is along the z-axis of
the lab frame, we calculated the weighted reaction position(Z-vertex) from the MWDCs’ tracking result. The Z-vertex
was gated by an opening angle with a central gate (84o-89o)
and a side gate (81.5o-84o or 89o-91.5o). The central gatecontained the elastic scattering peak and background, while
the side gate contained only background because theopening angle is not allowed by kinematics and detector
acceptance (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Weighted Z-vertex (reaction vertex on z-axis)
with opening angle gate (upper right corner). Elastic
scattering runs #7 to #15 were used2).
We divided the cover angle into five angle sections in thecenter of mass frame. The yield for each section is𝛽𝛽

𝑌𝑌𝛽𝛽𝑥𝑥 (𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥) = 𝑓𝑓𝐿𝐿𝛽𝛽 𝜖𝜖𝑥𝑥 𝜎𝜎(𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥)𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥(1 + 𝑠𝑠𝑥𝑥 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 (𝛥𝛥𝛥𝛥)𝑃𝑃𝛽𝛽 )𝛽𝛽

𝐿𝐿𝛽𝛽 = 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇 ∑ 𝑁𝑁𝐵𝐵 (𝑖𝑖)𝜆𝜆𝛽𝛽 (𝑖𝑖)

(1)

𝑠𝑠𝐿𝐿↑ = 𝑠𝑠↓𝑅𝑅 = 1 = −𝑠𝑠↓𝐿𝐿 = −𝑠𝑠𝑅𝑅↑
where 𝑥𝑥 is left or right, 𝛽𝛽 is spin-up or down, 𝑓𝑓 is thefraction of beam on the target, 𝐿𝐿 is the integrated
luminosity, 𝑁𝑁𝑇𝑇 is the number of proton in target, 𝑁𝑁𝐵𝐵 (𝑖𝑖𝑖 isthe number of beam protons in the 𝑖𝑖 -th run, 𝜆𝜆 is the
lifetime of the DAQ system, 𝜖𝜖 is the detector efficiency,
𝜎𝜎(Δ𝜃𝜃) is the differential cross section in angle section Δ𝜃𝜃,ΔΩ is the solid angle on the angle section Δ𝜃𝜃, 𝑠𝑠 is a sign,
𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 is the analyzing power and 𝑃𝑃 is the spin polarization of
the target. We used the spin-up and spin-down asymmetry
to avoid the efficiency non-uniformity of MWDCs. The
final spin polarization is a weighted mean from each angle
section. The spin-up polarization was 16% ± 14%. The spinpolarization is as expected and similar to the results of aprevious experiment performed under a similar conditions5).
An asymmetry of the cross section distribution can beobtained for large statistics.
References

1) T.L. Tang, et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 162 (2012).
2) T.L. Tang, et al., CNS Annual Rep. 59 (2012)3) H. Okamura et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A, 406, 78 (1998).
4) S. Kawase, et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 30 (2012).
5) S. Sakaguchi, et al., Phys Review C, 84, 024604 (2011)- 189 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Proton polarization in photo-excited aromatic molecule at room
temperature enhanced by intense optical source and temperature
control†
S. Sakaguchi,∗1,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗1 T. Kawahara,∗1 T. Ogawa,∗3 L. Tang,∗4 T. Teranishi,∗2 Y. Urata,∗3 S. Wada,∗3
and T. Wakui∗5
For the study of unstable nuclei with polarization
observables, we have constructed a solid polarized
proton target1) based on the electron polarization inphoto-excited aromatic molecules. Proton polarizationof about 20 percent has been obtained at a temperature of 100 K, which is much higher than that underconventional conditions. The target has been successfully applied to several RI-beam experiments2) carriedout at intermediate energies of several tens to a few
hundred MeV/nucleon. One of the future directions of
this research is conducting experiments at low energies
of several to a few tens of MeV/nucleon. This will open
up new possibilities such as resonant scattering and polarization transfer to embedded RIs. For such applications, the target should be placed in a vacuum environment and be polarized at room temperature. In ourprevious measurement at room temperature, a polarization of 4.8±1.2% was achieved by using p-terphenyl
as the material. The aim of the present work is toinvestigate the possibility of achieving a high proton
polarization of 30 percent for application to scatteringexperiments.
The magnitude of the polarization is expressed as
Pp = APe /(A + Γ). Here, Pe is the electron polarization, A is the build-up rate, and Γ is the relaxation
rate. In order to achieve a high polarization, we needto increase A and Pe or decrease Γ. To enhance thebuild-up rate A, we should increase the laser power forphoto-excitation. However, in Iinuma et al.3) reported
that a high laser power does not necessarily lead toa high polarization. This is considered to be becauseof the temperature rise of the sample. At temperatures higher than 300 K, the intrinsic relaxation rate
Γint rapidly increases4) because of the molecular motion. Thus, it is expected that the polarization can beenhanced by using an intense optical source with thesample temperature controlled at T ∼300 K.
The sample used in the present work is a single crystal of p-terphenyl doped with pentacene molecules witha concentration of 0.005 mol%. The target temperature was monitored with a platinum resistance thermometer. The temperature of the crystal was con†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

trolled by ﬂowing cold N2 gas. For the light source, weused an Ar ion laser with a wavelength of 514 nm.
The polarization was measured under two diﬀerent
conditions. The ﬁrst condition (averaged laser powerof 80 mW, w/o temperature control) is the same asthat used in our previous measurement, where a polarization of 4.8% was achieved. The other condition(1.5 W, w/ temp. control), referred to as “present,”
was also considered. The time evolution of the polarization is shown in Fig. 1. In the present condition, thepolarization is enhanced by a factor of three as compared with the polarization under the ﬁrst condition.
Although the absolute measurement is to be done in
the future, the magnitude of achieved polarization corresponds to about 15% if we assume the polarizationof 4.8% in the previous condition.

Fig. 1. Time evolution of proton polarization.

Finally, it should be mentioned that optimization of
the time structure of the laser pulse would enhance
the polarization rate APe by a factor of ∼5 without increasing the relaxation rate Γ (see Ref.5) ). Thus, such
optimization would almost directly improve the magnitude of polarization. Room-temperature polarizationof 30 percent would be realized by combining a highpower laser with a wavelength of ∼590 nm, throughoptimization of laser pulse structure, and employing a
sophisticated temperature control system.
References

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317(2013) 679-684
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyushu University
RIKEN Advanced Science Institute
CNS, University of TokyoCYRIC, Tohoku University- 190 -

1) T. Wakui: Proc. of PST2005 (World Scientific, 2007).
2) S. Sakaguchi et al.: Phys. Rev. C 87, 021601(R)(2013), and references therein.
3) M. Iinuma et al.: Jour. Mag. Res. 175, 235 (2005).
4) T. Kawahara et al.: RIKEN Prog. Rep. 46, 164 (2013).
5) S. Sakaguchi et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317 (2013)679-684

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Dynamic nuclear polarization with photoexcited triplet electrons in a
glassy matrix†
K. Tateishi,∗1 M. Negoro,∗2 A. Kagawa,∗2 and M. Kitagawa∗2
In this decade, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)
using equilibrated electron spin has attracted considerable attention in the fields of NMR spectroscopy and
MRI as a method to enhance sensitivity.1) The intensity of a signal from nuclear spins is proportional to thespin polarization. DNP is a means of transferring spinpolarization from electrons to nuclei, and the equilibrated polarization of electron spins is 660 times larger
than that of 1 H spins. Developing special peripheral
equipment, we are able to combine hyperpolarization
at cryogenic temperatures around liquid helium temperature with high-resolution NMR spectroscopy or
MRI. For such applications, the sample preparation
method which materials of interest are codoped into a
glassy matrix together with free radicals is one of themost important factors in terms of versatility.
On the other hand, by using single crystal of organic
molecules, we have developed a polarized solid-statetarget with DNP using photoexcited triplet electron
spin (triplet-DNP) of pentacene.2) The polarization ofsuch non-equilibrated electron spins is more than 70%
independent of temperature and magnetic field. Using
this method, we can overcome the upper limit (660) of
the polarization enhancement factor achieved by conventional DNP. Herein, we report the first demonstration of triplet-DNP in a glassy matrix for applicationin NMR spectroscopy and MRI.
We applied two types of host molecules that havehigher glass transition temperature than conventionally used glasses. One is a non-polar molecule, oterphenyl (OTP).3) The other is a polar molecule, benzophenone (BZP).4) Using partially deuterated OTP
and BZP as host materials, we obtained 1.5% and0.7% 1 H spin polarization under 0.4 T at 120 K, respectively (Fig. 1). The enhancement factor for OTP
and BZP was 4,250 and 1,900, respectively. We havealso succeeded in polarizing third molecules, 2, 3, 4trifluorobenzoic acid and 5-fluorouracil, codoped intoa glassy matrix with polarizing agent (Fig. 2). 19 F
spin in the thrid molecules were polarized using thefield cycling method.5)
The use of photoexcited triplet electrons is a promising method to extend the limitation of DNP to higher
temperatures. If hyperpolarization can be achieved
above liquid nitrogen temperature, the peripheral
equipment and the experiments for spectroscopy will†
∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52,
13307-13310 (2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Electronics and Materials Physics, Osaka
University

Fig. 1. 1 H spin polarization buildup curves for (a) partiallydeuterated OTP ([D14]OTP/OTP=90:10 wt%) and (b)partially deuterated BZP ([D10]BZP/BZP=90:10 wt%)
doped with 0.05 mol% pentacene.

Fig. 2. Polarized 19 F NMR spectra of (a) 2,3,4trifluorobenzoic acid and (b) 5-fluorouracil in glassy
matrices. After DNP for 3 min and field cycling, the 19 F
NMR signals were acquired. The NMR signals of thesamples under 0.40 T at 120 K in thermal equilibrium
are also shown.

be simplified, and the application field will be broadened. There are many samples of interest for which ahigher temperature is preferable. DNP using photoexcited triplet electrons has the potential to significantly
enhance the NMR/MRI sensitivity while the sample is
kept at room temperature.
References
1) D. A. Hall et al.: Science 276, 930 (1997).
2) T. Uesaka et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82, 021602(R) (2010).
3) S. V. Adichtchev et al.: J. Non-Cryst. Solids 353, 1491
(2007).
4) L. M. Babkov et al.: J. Mol. Struct. 887, 87 (2008).
5) M. Negoro et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 050503 (2011).

- 191 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Hyperpolarization of thin films with dynamic nuclear polarization
using photoexcited triplet electrons†
K. Tateishi,∗1 M. Negoro,∗2 A. Kagawa,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗1 and M. Kitagawa∗2With dynamic nuclear polarization using the photoexcited triplet electron spin (triplet-DNP) of pentacene,1) nuclear spins can be hyperpolarized morethan 10% even in a low magnetic ﬁeld at room temperature. DNP is a means of transferring spin polarizationfrom electrons to nuclei. In the ﬁeld of experimental
nuclear physics, a nuclear spin polarized target in a
low magnetic ﬁeld (<0.5 T) opens new research possibilities. The polarized target used presently in RI
beam experiments is 1-mm thick.2) The relatively large
target thickness prevents us from applying the target
to low-energy experiments. In the experiments, beamand scattered particles have energies as low as several
MeV/nucleon and cannot penetrate the 1-mm thickmaterial. In order to perform low-energy scatteringexperiments, a polarized ﬁlm with a thickness of lessthan 100 µm is desirable. However, it is diﬃcult to cut
the fragile organic crystals to such a thickness from alarge crystal prepared by the conventional method.1,2)
In this work, we succeeded in polarizing 1 H spins in athin ﬁlm of p-terphenyl and trans-stilbene doped withpentacene fabricated with a new method.
In order to achieve the ideal sample thickness andpentacene concentration, we applied the cell method
to the sample preparation.3,4) The method is as follows: A powder mixture of p-terphenyl doped withpentacene was melted and absorbed into a gap between two quartz plates adjusted with copper foils.
When this arrangement was cooling at room temperature, a single crystal, shown in Fig. 1(a), was grownin one minute. After removing one of the plates, wemeasured the thickness of the sample using a surface
proﬁler. The result is shown in Fig. 1(b). From experiments, we determined that the ﬁlm plane is thecleavage plane. Optimizing the sample thickness andthe pentacene concentration, we obtained 1 H spin polarization of 12.9% in a 7-µm thick ﬁlm of p-terphenyl
doped with 0.05 mol% pentacene in 0.4 T and at room
temperature. The slightly lower value of the achieved
polarization compared to that for the bulk crystal
grown by the conventional method may be due to thedegradation of the crystal quality.
The advantage of the cell method is not only in theadjustability of the thickness over a wide range but
also in a short crystal growth time. trans-Stilbene
cannot be grown up to a single crystal doped with†∗1
∗2

Condensed from the article in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 084005(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Electronics and Materials Physics, Osaka
University- 192 -

Fig. 1. (a) Photograph of p-terphenyl doped with 0.05
mol% pentacene grown by the cell method. (b) Typical sample thickness measured using surface profiler.

pentacene by the conventional method because melted
trans-stilbene decomposes pentacene immediately. By
adopting the cell method, we succeeded in avoiding
considerable decomposition, preparing a single crystalof trans-stilbene doped with pentacene, and polarizing
it with triplet-DNP for the ﬁrst time. The achieved
polarization was improved to 3.9% at 150 K in a 60µm thick ﬁlm of trans-stilbene doped with 0.05 mol%pentacene.
The polarized thin ﬁlms also enable new applicationsof triplet-DNP in general NMR spectroscopy with therealization of Tycko s proposal,5) which claims thatthe use of multi layered structures of hyperpolarizing
layers and any material of interest allows polarizationtransfer through the interfaces. This will open newopportunities in various ﬁelds such as chemistry, life
science, and medical science.
References
1) K. Takeda: Triplet State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization(VDM Verlag, 2009).
2) T. Uesaka et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82, 021602(R) (2010).
3) S. Hashimoto et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27, 726 (1988).
4) T. Aoki-Matsumoto et al.: Phys. Status Solidi C 6, 228(2009).
5) R. Tycko: Solid State Nucl. Magn. Res. 11, 1 (1998).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Room-temperature hyperpolarization of nuclear spins in bulk†
K. Tateishi,∗1 M. Negoro,∗2 S. Nishida,∗3 A. Kagawa,∗2 Y. Morita,∗3 and M. Kitagawa∗2
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) is a means oftransferring spin polarization from electrons to nuclei.
As a method for enhancing bulk nuclear spin polarization, DNP has been successfully applied to areas
ranging from fundamental physics to materials science,
biology, and medical science. However, as long as electron spins in thermal equilibrium are used as polarizing
agents, the upper limit of the polarization enhancement will be 660 for 1 H spin and cryogenic temperatures of around 4.2 K will be required for hyperpolarization in the order of 10% even under the strong magnetic ﬁelds used for NMR.1) One approach for overcoming the upper limit of the enhancement factor is touse non-thermalized electron spins. DNP with electron
spins in the photo-excited triplet state (triplet-DNP)
can achieve hyperpolarization independent of the magnetic ﬁeld strength and temperature.2) We report 34%
1
H spin polarization in 0.40 T at room temperature.
We employed pentacene as a polarizing agent inwhich the excited electron spins polarize 73%, and pterphenyl as a host material because of its stability atroom temperature and large pentacene capacity. The
curve obtained using ThPh in Fig. 1 is the buildup
curve of 1 H spin polarization by triplet-DNP in a single crystal of p-terphenyl-h14 doped with pentacene-h14
0.05 mol%. We attained a 1 H spin polarization of 14%.
The key breakthrough in the present work for attaining higher polarization at room temperature is the
suppression of the spin-lattice relaxation by stableisotope labeling of the constituent molecules. The 1 H
spin-lattice relaxation in p-terphenyl-h14 was mainly
due to the pendulum motion of the central benzene
ring, which modulates the local dipolar ﬁeld of the1
H spins in and near the central ring.3) To suppress
the spin-lattice relaxation, we synthesized p-terphenyl2’,3’,5’,6’-d4 , with which the 1 H spin-lattice relaxation
time was increased from 11 min to 37 min. The
attainable polarization was increased to 16% in theregioselectively-deuterated host doped with pentaceneh14 (TdPh in Fig. 1).
There is another source of 1 H spin-lattice relaxationthat aﬀects DNP. The triplet electrons play the roleof a polarizing agent as well as contribute to 1 H spinlattice relaxation through a perturbation of the local
ﬁeld of the 1 H spins in the vicinities. To suppress
the spin-lattice relaxation, we used pentacene-d14 as
the polarizing agent. The attainable polarization was
†
∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA
111, 7527 (2014)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Electronics and Materials Physics, Osaka
University
Department of Chemistry, Osaka University- 193 -

Fig. 1. Polarization buildup curves. The blue, green, yellow, and red curves denote the polarization buildup
curves using ThPh, TdPh, ThPd, and TdPd, respectively. The polarizations and enhancement factors were
estimated by comparing the intensities of the hyperpolarized signals and the thermal ones in 0.40 T at room
temperature.

increased to 18% in the p-terphenyl-h14 doped withpentacene-d14 (ThPd in Fig. 1).
Suppressing either of the two relaxation sources
was not suﬃcient. By using p-terphenyl-2’,3’,5’,6’d4 doped with pentacene-d14 (TdPd in Fig. 1), we
achieved a bulk 1 H spin polarization of 34% at room
temperature in 0.40 T, which results in an enhancement factor of 250,000.
Room-temperature hyperpolarization techniques using photoexcited triplet electrons simplify DNP experiments. The NMR sensitivity of samples that prefer ambient temperatures can be boosted signiﬁcantly.
Bulk nuclear hyperpolarization in such low magnetic
ﬁelds is also desirable for the polarized target for RI
beams4) and the polarized ﬁlter for neutron beams.5)
References
1) T. Maly et al.: J. Chem. Phys. 128 052211 (2008)
2) K. Takeda: Triplet State Dynamic Nuclear Polarization(VDM Verlag, 2009).
3) K. Kahda et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 51 3936 (1982).
4) T. Uesaka et al.: Phys. Rev. C 82 021602(R) (2010).
5) M. Haag et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.,
Sect. A 678 91 (2012).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of 3 He comagnetometer for 129 Xe EDM measurement
Y. Ichikawa,∗1,∗2 M. Chikamori,∗2 Y. Ohtomo,∗2 E. Hikota,∗2 Y. Sakamoto,∗2 T. Suzuki,∗2 T. Sato,∗2
S. Kojima,∗2 H. Shirai,∗2 H. Miyatake,∗2 T. Nanao,∗2 K. Suzuki,∗2 T. Inoue,∗3 T. Furukawa,∗1,∗4
A. Yoshimi,∗1,∗5 C. P. Bidinosti,∗6 T. Ino,∗7 H. Ueno,∗1 Y. Matsuo,∗1,∗8 T. Fukuyama,∗9 and K. Asahi∗1,∗2
A permanent electric dipole moment (EDM) that directly violates time reversal symmetry attracts muchattention, because an unknown CP-violating phasewhich is necessary for understanding the present
matter-dominated Universe, is expected to be probed
by EDM. The present study aimed to measure the
EDM in a 129 Xe atom to the order of 10−28 ecm, which
is beyond the present upper limit1) . We employed an
active nuclear spin maser2,3) to sustain the spin precession of 129 Xe over a long duration. The active spinmaser operates in the following manner. The 129 Xe
spin is longitudinally polarized through spin exchangewith optically pumped Rb atoms. Precession of the129
Xe spin in an applied static field is detected optically by transversely repolarized Rb atoms. By referring to the precession signal thus obtained, a feedback
magnetic field is generated such that its direction is
kept orthogonal to the transverse component of the
spin. The feedback field thus prevents decay of thetransverse magnetization.
In an EDM measurement, magnetometry is essential
because a large systematic uncertainty in frequency
arises from long-term drifts in the external magnetic
field. A comagnetometer using 3 He was incorporated
into the nuclear spin maser system in order to cancelout the drifts4) . Because a 3 He comagnetometer canmeasure the field exerted on the 129 Xe precession, it isan in situ magnetometer.
The main difficulty in realizing the 3 He comagnetometer stems from the fact that the spin-exchange
rate between 3 He and Rb is lower than that between
129
Xe and Rb by several orders of magnitude. Because
there is little source of polarization, spin relaxation at
the surface of the cell and impurity in the gas criticallydegrade the polarization of 3 He. Therefore, a GE180
glass with low magnetic impurity and low gas leakage was employed to fabricate the cell. The cell has aspherical shape with a diameter of 20 mm, containing
1 Torr of 129 Xe, 470 Torr of 3 He, 100 Torr of buffer N2gases, and Rb vapor. We typically achieved 3% of thepolarization and over 50 hours of the longitudinal spin
relaxation time for 3 He at 100 ◦ C.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8
∗9

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology
Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University
Research Core for Extreme Quantum World, Okayama University
Department of Physics, The University of Winnipeg
Institute of Material Structure Science, KEK
Department of Physics, Hosei University
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University

Permalloy

Solenoid coil
B0 : 30 mG

λ/4 plate
HeaterPhotodiodePumping laser

Spherical gas cell

Diameter : 20 mm
Material : GE180
Xe : 1 Torr
3
He : 470 Torr
N2 : 100 Torr
129

Wavelength : 794.76 nm
Line width : 10 MHz
Output power : 1 W

Probe laser
Wavelength : 794.76 nm (tunable)
Line width : 10 MHz
Output power : 10 mW

Fig. 1. Experimental setup for active spin maser.

The experimental setup used to test the 3 He comagnetometer is shown in Fig. 1. The gas cell is placed ina solenoid coil which generates a static magnetic fieldB0 (∼ 30 mG), and is enclosed in a 4-layer magnetic
shield. A circularly polarized pumping laser is incident
on the cell parallel to B0 . A probe laser passes throughthe cell in a direction orthogonal to B0 and is detectedby a photodiode. The signal from the photodiode is divided into two, each being lock-in-amplified with 129 Xeor 3 He precession frequency, and the resulting two beatsignals are obtained and processed individually at thesame time to generate their feedback magnetic fields
through two separate coils.
We succeeded in operating the masers of 129 Xe and3
He concurrently4) . The individual determination precisions of the average frequencies achieved in 106 seconds for both 129 Xe and 3 He are ∼100 nHz. However,the frequency shift due to contact interaction with polarized Rb atoms prevents the 3 He comagnetometerfrom realizing its full potential because the strengthsof the Rb-129 Xe and Rb-3 He contacts are different.
Therefore, we decided to employ a double-cell geometry in which the gas volume is divided into a section
for optical pumping and another for optical spin detection in order to suppress Rb polarization in the optical detection section and thus reduce the frequency
shift5) . Development of the 3 He comagnetometer withthe double-cell geometry is in progress.
References
1) M. A. Rosenberry et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 86, 22 (2001).
2) A. Yoshimi et al.: Phys. Lett. A 304, 13 (2002).
3) A. Yoshimi et al.: Phys. Lett. A 376, 1924 (2012).
4) Y. Ichikawa et al.: Eur. Phys. J. Web of Conf. 66, 05007(2014).
5) E. Hikota et al.: Eur. Phys. J. Web of Conf. 66, 05005(2014).

- 194 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SCRIT electron spectrometer (II)T. Suda,∗1,∗2 A. Enokizono ,∗1,∗3 S. Matsuo ,∗1,∗3 T. Miyamoto ,∗1,∗2 S. Wang,∗1,∗4 S. Yoneyama,∗1,∗2
T. Tsuru,∗1,∗2 and T. Tamae∗1,∗2
The SCRIT electron spectrometer is being constructed at the SCRIT electron scattering facility1,2) .
In this report, the current status of the construction
is described. The spectrometer, shown in Fig. 1, will
be used to measure the cross section for elastic electron scattering oﬀ short-lived nuclei to determine theircharge-density distributions3) . It consists of a dipole
magnet, two drift chambers, and a pair of plastic scintillators. The drift chambers sandwich the magnet
for trajectory measurements, and the plastic scintillators trigger data acquisition. Knowing the detailed
magnetic-ﬁeld distribution, the momenta, scattering
angles, and scattering positions of the electrons are determined. The spectrometer should have large acceptance and a good momentum resolution of the order of
10−3 to identify the elastic scattering events.
1

2

Detectors

A large drift chamber, which is placed in the rearside of the magnet, was constructed in 2013. The small
drift chamber used in the previous SCRIT studies will
be used as the front drift chamber. A new readout system, RINEI RP 1212N, which digitizes the drift times
on board is currently being tested5) . A pair of large
plastic scintillators of dimensions 220 cm (length) ×30 cm (width) × 2 cm (thickness) are used for detecting the scattered electrons, and their coincidence triggers data acquisition. To reduce non-negligible false
triggers due to cosmic rays, veto detectors will be arranged. The drift chambers and the plastic scintillators
will be ready for use in the ﬁrst half of 2014.
3

Spectrometer commissioning

Magnet

The window-frame magnet, the gap region of which
is 170 cm (width) × 140 cm (length) × 29 cm (height),
is employed. The ﬁeld cramps were carefully designed
to reduce the fringing ﬁeld down to a few gauss at theelectron beam position. Magnetic-ﬁeld measurements
have been performed, and the detailed ﬁeld distribution was obtained4) . The magnet is palced on a movable platform, as shown in Fig. 2, such that the magnet can be moved away from the beam line by 1.5 m.
The re-positioning accuracy was conﬁrmed to be better than 50 µm. The magnet system will be ready for
operation immediately after the power line and coolingwater are set up; this is expected to be completed in
the ﬁrst half of 2014.

The SCRIT electron spectrometer will be commissioned using the W-wire target installed inside the
SCRIT chamber in the second half of 2014. Using
the scattered electrons from the W wire target, one
can determine the track-reconstruction eﬃciency, momentum resolution, etc. After commissioning, we will
immediately conduct experiments on electron scattering oﬀ a short-lived nucleus, which will be 132 Sn . The
world ʼs ﬁrst observation of electrons scattered oﬀ an
exotic nucleus is expected to take place in the ﬁscal
year 2014.

Fig. 2. The magnet with the movable platform.

References
Fig. 1. The SCRIT electron spectrometer.
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University,
China1) T. Adachi et al.: Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 144 (2012).
2) T. Suda et al.: Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 144 (2013).
3) T. Suda et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C, 008(2012).
4) T. Tamae et al.: In this report.
5) S. Matsuo et al.: In this report.

- 195 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Field measurement of SCRIT electron spectrometer
T. Tamae, *1,*2 T. Miyamoto, *1,*2 and T. Suda*1,*2
A large-acceptance magnetic spectrometer for electron
scattering on unstable nuclei was constructed, and its
magnetic field was measured. The analysis of the field
distribution and the development of a program of trackreconstruction are in progress.
The design1) and construction2), 3) of the spectrometer
have been reported elsewhere. The spectrometer is designed
3
to have a reasonably good resolution of p / p : 10 , alarge solid angle of about 100 msr, and a large scattering
coverage of 30-60°.
The spectrometer consists of a single window-frame
dipole magnet with an aperture of 29 cm in height (y), 1.4 m
in length (z) and 1.71 m in width (x). As the spectrometerhas no focal plane, the momentum and vertex position of
scattered electrons are fixed through the trackreconstruction using the information of drift chambers, as
shown in Fig. 1. This implies that the knowledge of the
precise distribution of the magnetic field is essential for
analysis.

Fig. 2. Contour plot of field strength for a center fieldof 8,017 gauss. Numbers attached to lines show theratio of the field strength to the central field strength.
The order of lines in the figure is same as the order oflines in the legend. Light-grey region: aperture regionof the magnet; dark-grey region: coil; black region:
return yoke.
the probe orientation. They were normalized to the NMR
values.
The field strength for case (c) is contoured in Fig. 2;
numbers attached to lines show the ratio of the fieldstrength to the central field strength. The figure shows thatthe field is almost uniform all the way to the coils, which isa unique merit of the window-frame magnet. The measured
field along the electron beam at z = -155 cm is about -3
gauss; the leakage field of 3 G gives a closed orbit
distortion (COD) of 0.1 mm at the SCRIT (max. 1.5 mm in
the ring). These values are within acceptable levels for the
ring operation.
The field strengths were also compared to calculations
using the program OPERA-3D. The difference between themeasured and calculated field strengths is much less than
10-3 in the aperture region, but it becomes larger at thefringe field region, especially at positions close to magnetic
poles and field clamps. The estimation of errors for theelectron momentum and vertex positions due to inaccuracyof the field distribution is in progress.

Fig. 1. Layout of the spectrometer, detectors, and SCRIT(Self-Confining Radioactive Isotope ion Target).
The magnetic field distribution was measured using a
Hall probe at 37,118 points in 1/8 of the entire volume of
the aperture and connecting regions. The absolute
magnetic-field values were calibrated using an NMR set ata fixed position in the mid-plane. The field map was
obtained at three strengths ((a) 4,096, (b) 7,628, and (c)8,017 G at the NMR). The measured values werecorrected for the drift of a Hall probe and for inaccuracy of*1*2

References

1) T. Adachi et al.: Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 144 (2012).
2) T. Suda et al.: Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 184 (2013).
3) T. Suda et al.: in this progress report.

RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Center for Electron-Photon Science (ELPH),
Tohoku University- 196 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Design of Recoil-Arm for the SCRIT ExperimentY. Shimakura,*1,*2 A. Enokizono,*1,*2 T. Ohnishi,*2 K. Kurita,*1 M. Togasaki,*1,*2 and M. Wakasugi*2
The self-confining RI Ion target (SCRIT) electron
scattering facility1) is now under construction. Electrons
scattered from target ions trapped in the SCRIT device aredetected, and their angular distribution is obtained. A recoil
ion detector referred to as the “recoil-arm” is being
designed. It will be used for the determination of theluminosity distribution in the ion trapping region along thebeam axis. We also plan to use the recoil-arm for estimating
the contribution of residual gas ions, which are trapped
simultaneously with target ions in scattering events2).
Figure 1 shows a schematic of the recoil-arm. It consistsof returning meshes, multi-stage slits, two quadrupole
benders3), and a channeltron array consisting of 15
channeltrons. Ions that are recoiled from the trapping region
in the SCRIT are accelerated by the electrostatic potential
applied to the SCRIT electrodes. Returning meshes are used
to reduce the background ions that leak in the trapping
region in the SCRIT. Multi-stage slits confine the angular
acceptance of recoil ions. Fig.2 shows the first quadrupole
bender designed by us. Two quadrupole benders are used todeflect the transported recoiled ions and reduce thebackground produced by the synchrotron radiation. The
channeltrons are arranged in a line so as to minimize deadspace. The aperture of every channeltron is rectangular(15mm×30 mm).
Perpendicularly recoiled ions as a result of forward
electron scattering are extracted and transported in parallelto the channeltron array. The counting rates of the 15channneltrons indicate the trapped ion distribution, i.e.,
luminosity, along the beam axis. We can identify the mass
number of the recoil ions in scattering events by measuring
the time delay from the instant when forward scatteredelectrons are detected by the plastic scintillator; accordingly,
we can estimate the attributable fraction of residual gas ionsin scattering events.

Fig.2. Quadrupole bender
The off-line test bench of the recoil-arm is now underconstruction. We will be studying the performance of therecoil-arm before its installation in the SCRIT device.

Fig.1. Schematic diagram of the recoil-arm
References

1) M. Wakasugi et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A [532], 216 (2004)
2) R. Ogawara et al.: RIKEN Acc. Prog.Repo. [45], 142 (2012)3) H. D. Zemsn et al.: Rev. Sci. Instrum. [48], 8 (1977)＊1＊2

Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 197 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Test of new readout card for the SCRIT drift chamber
S. Matsuo,＊1,＊2 A. Enokizono,＊1,＊2 K. Kurita,＊1 T. Suda,＊2,＊3 T. Tamae,＊2,＊3 T. Tsuru,＊2,＊3
T. Miyamoto,＊2,＊3 S. Yoneyama,＊2,＊3 and S. Wang＊4
The SCRIT electron spectrometer1)2) consists of a set of
dipole magnets, the front and rear drift chambers (DC), andplastic scintillators for event triggering. The rear DC has avolume of 274 cm x 36 cm x 78 cm, and it has a total of 5
layers of UVX consisting of 1130 channels, which have an
intrinsic 150-µm position determination capability with
1-ns timing resolution. It covers a solid angle of 100 mSr
for scattered electrons to achieve a good momentum
resolution (∆p/p ~ 10-3) with a wide scattering coverage(30-60) . We employed a new TDC card (RINEI RP1212)
based on SiTCP technology3) for DC data readout. In thisarticle, we report the results of readout tests of RP1212
using the actual experimental setup.
RP1212 has dimensions of 150 mm x 190 mm, and it iscapable of processing ADC and TDC data for 64 channels.
TDC is implemented in FPGA (Xilinx Kintex7) with 1-ns
timing resolution. It is directly attached to the DC, andsignals are immediately digitalized by FPGA on the board.
The data is transmitted to a PC via Gigabit Ethernet. An
advantage of using RP1212 is that the path length of theanalog signal can be minimized such that the data is lessinfluenced by analog noise as compared to the earlier
readout system using the ASD card and TDC module.
Nevertheless, since the DC and RP1212 will be located very
close to the RF power source for the electron storage ring4),
the background effect that originates from the RF noise wasinvestigated.
Figure 1 (A) shows a typical  ray signal (90Sr) using
prototype DC and RP1212 under the RF environment. The

Fig. 1. (A) The top panel shows an analog signal for abeta ray measured with RP1212, and the bottom panel
shows the RF noise in expanded scale for both time andpulse height. (B) Noise count rate as a function of thresholdvalue for ASD chip on RP1212.
Department of Physics, Rikkyo University
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University＊4
School of Space Science and Physics, Shandong University＊1＊2- 198 -

top panel indicates that the pulse height of the  signal is~800mV, and the bottom panel in a different time scale
clearly illustrates 5-nsec-period oscillation, which isapparently caused by the 191-MHz RF noise. The noise
amplitude is less than ~150 mV, which is much smaller thanthat of the  signal, at the full RF power condition. Fig 1(B) shows the comparison of noise counts between RF off
and on cases as a function of the threshold voltage for the
ASD discriminator (Vth). The noise count is zero at Vth~200 mV, while the noise rate is not negligible below a Vthof 150 mV when RF is on. In fact, the count at Vth = 100
mV is rather dominated by noise from powerline of RP1212.
Since a typical height of a  signal with no angle is 600 mV
to 800 mV, we found that the appropriate Vth is 400 mV to
500 mV, which is sufficient to trigger a  signal andeliminate RF noise simultaneously.
We measured the timing distribution of  signals using
RP1212 and the actual SCRIT-DC for He+CH4 (50:50) gas
mixture. We examined the plateau region of detection
efficiencies and then found that the operational voltage
range for good efficiency is 2550 V to 2800 V. Therefore,
the normal operation voltage is set at 2750 V.
Figure 2 shows the timing distribution of  signals. For
better statistics, the histogram adds up TDC data from 64
channels. Since RP1212 has a common stop trigger, which
is provided by a trigger scintillator, the right edge ofdistribution originates from  signals that were received
near the anode wire. Since the rising edge is clear, we canuse it as a calibration point. We are working on the timing
calibration to achieve ~150 µm position resolution.
In 2014, we will proceed to developments of calibrations
and tracking framework aiming at the first result of the132
Sn electron scattering experiment.

Fig. 2. The timing distribution of the beta signal.
References
1) T. Suda et. al.: In this report.
2) T. Tamae et. al.: In this report.
3) T. Uchida: IEEE VOL.55, NO.3,JUNE 20084) T. Suda et. al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 03C, 008(2012).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Construction status of the Rare-RI Ring (R3)
Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 Y. Abe,∗1,∗2 T. Fujinawa,∗1 M. Kase,∗1 M. Komiyama,∗1 K. Kumagai,∗1
T.Maie,∗1 D. Nagae,∗1,∗2 J. Ohnishi,∗1 A. Ozawa,∗1,∗2 F. Suzaki,∗1,∗3 T. Uesaka,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1
T. Yamaguchi,∗1,∗3 H. Yamasawa,∗1 Y. Yanagisawa,∗1 J. Zenihiro,∗1 and Y. Yano∗1
The Rare-RI Ring (R3) was constructed smoothly1) ,and the installation of the magnets and power supplies
were completed by the end of March 2013. Subsequently, we tested a cooling water conduction of themagnets and prepared the interlock system for themagnets in order to perform the excitation tests of themagnets. The excitation test was successfully completed at the beginning of July 2013. Subsequently,
we performed the precise magnet alignment by usinga laser tracker. All the magnets were aligned to thedesign value by less than 0.1 mm. Figure 1 shows the
picture of R3 at the beginning of July 2013.

gauges. Figure 2 shows a vacuum pump combination
for the arc section. The turbo moleculer pump (TMP)
is movable, and is used as a rough pumping systemwith a scroll pump. The nominal pumping speed of
the TMP is 250 L/s for N2 . Ion and non evaporable
getter (NEG) pumps are used for the ultra-high vacuum condition. The nominal pumping speed of the ionpump is 500 L/s for N2 and that of the NEG pump is2000 L/s for H2 . The combination of the ion and NEG
pumps for R3 is 26 units.
In order to bake the R3 chamber, we installed heaterwires on all the chamber surfaces and glued a heatinsulator, which is an alumina-silica sheet, onto theheater wires, as shown in Fig. 3. The chamber surface is typically warmed up to about 250 ◦ C. K-type
thermocouple is used for thermal control.






Fig. 1. Picture of R3 at the beginning of July 2013.


Fig. 3. Straight section of an R3 chamber. (a) heater wireand (b) a heat insulator.



Recently, we succeeded in establishing a control system for power supplies by using EPICS2) . In addition,
we confirmed that a vacuum-integrated control system
worked normally. We are now testing beam-monitoring
systems3,4) and a kicker system. We will carry out an
off-line performance test for R3 using the α source.




References
1) Y. Yamaguchi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, xiv(2013).
2) M. Komiyama et al.: In this report.
3) Y. Abe et al.: In this report.
4) F. Suzaki et al.: In this report.
Fig. 2. Vacuum pump combination using TMP, ion pump,and NEG pump.

Next, we installed vacuum pumps and vacuum
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Saitama University- 199 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Developments of time-of-ﬂight detectors for Rare-RI Ring
Y. Abe,∗1,∗2 D. Nagae,∗2 S. Okada,∗2 A. Ozawa,∗2 T. Yamaguchi,∗3 Y. Saitoh,∗2
K. Sawahata,∗2 T. Suzuki,∗3 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗1 and M. Wakasugi∗1
Construction of the Rare-RI Ring, which will be
used to measure masses of short-lived rare-RI with arelative precision of 10−6 , is underway at RIBF.1,2)
We are developing three types of time-of-ﬂight(TOF) detectors for installation in the Rare-RI Ring;
two of the three are placed at the entrance (start detector) of the ring and the third is placed inside the ringas the circulative ion detector (CD). The start detector provides the start signal of the TOF system for themass measurement. The CD provides a signal corresponding to each circulation. The CD is indispensable
for monitoring the motion of the particle inside thering at the beginning of the storage.
The required speciﬁcations for the start detector arei) a good timing resolution less than 100 ps because
the total TOF is about 0.7 ms, ii) a large eﬀective area
(100 mm × 50 mm) to cover the large beam size, iii)
small energy loss and energy straggling so as to notaﬀect the mass resolution of mass measurement in thering, and iv) no change in the charge state of the nuclei,
achieved by passing them through a detector to avoid
reduction of the transmission eﬃciency in the ring. On
the other hand, the required speciﬁcations for the CD
are i) small energy loss to maintain the momentumof the nuclei within the momentum acceptance during
100 circulations, ii) a high detection eﬃciency, iii) alarge eﬀective area (100 mm × 50 mm) to match thelarge beam size, and iv) a good timing resolution to
separate each circulation (the typical time for one revolution is about 350 ns.) Furthermore, the CD should
be maintained in ultra high vacuum.
To mount the detector in a limited narrow space,
we developed a ”T-shaped” TOF detector, as shownin Fig. 1(a). The left part of the detector consistsof two 1” photomultipliers (R4998) coupled to the top
and bottom parts of a 100 µm-thickness scintillator,
while the right part contains one 2” photomultiplier(H2431-50) coupled directly to the right side of thescintillator. It is noted that, in the ”T-shaped” TOF
detector, we can obtain the horizontal position information, which may be used to improve the timing resolution. In the case of heavy nuclei and changes in the
charge state, the 100-µm-thickness of the scintillator
is no suﬃciently thin. We thus consider introducing a
micro channel plate (MCP) detector, as has been usedat ESR3) and CSRe4) , which has a suﬃciently thin carbon foil. To cover the larger beam size at the entranceof Rare-RI Ring, we are developing the detector with
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Saitama University

a lager sensitive area.5)
As the CD, we developed a similar MCP-type detector, used at the Gas ﬁlled Recoil Ion Separator(GARIS). 6) When the beam passes through the thincarbon foil (60 µg/cm2 ), secondary electrons are generated in the foil. The generated electrons are transported to the MCP by only the electric ﬁeld. A
schematic view of the detector is shown in Fig. 1(b).
A mirror electric ﬁeld and an acceleration electricﬁeld are how they are created using wires. Wires(W+Au) with a 40-µm diameter are set at distanceof 8.0 mm from carbon foil with a 1.0-mm pitch, andwires (W+Au) for the triangular part are set with a
3.0-mm pitch.
(a)(b)
PMT : R4998
Light guideIon beam

Plastic
scintillator
PMT : H2431-50
PMT : R4998

W+Au wire(φ40 µm / 1 mm pitch)

W+Au wire(φ40 µm / 3 mm pitch)

C-Foil (60 µg/cm2)

Ion Beame-

MCP

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the (a) ”T-shaped” TOF detectorand (b) circulative ion detector (CD).

The experiment to check the performance of the
TOF detectors was carried out at the secondary beamline, SB2 course,7) at HIMAC at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS). A primary beamof 84 Kr was accelerated up to 200 A MeV and delivered
to the SB2 course. For the ”T-shaped” TOF detector,
a timing resolution of σ ≈ 60 ps is obtained. The position resolution in the horizontal axis is around σ ≈2 mm. For the CD, a timing resolution of σ ≈ 130 ps
is obtained. The detection eﬃciency was about 72%.
This value is comparable with the eﬃciency for theisochronous mass measurement at ESR.8)
We will install these TOF detectors in the Rare-RI
Ring in the next ﬁscal year.
References
1) Y. Yamaguchi, et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 317(2013) 629.
2) A. Ozawa, et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2012)
03C009.
3) M. Hausmann, et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 446(2000) 569.
4) B. Mei, et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 624 (2010) 109.
5) D. Nagae, et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 317 (2013)
640.
6) K. Morimoto et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46 (2013)
191.
7) M. Kanazawa, et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 746 (2004) 393.
8) N. Kuzminchuk: PhD thesis, Justus-Liebig Universität
Gießen, (2011).

- 200 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Performance of a resonant Schottky pick-up for the Rare-RI Ring
project
F. Suzaki,∗1,∗2 J. Zenihiro,∗1 A. Ozawa,∗3 T. Suzuki,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 K. Yamada,∗1
T. Yamaguchi,∗2 Y. Abe,∗1,∗3 Y. Yamaguchi,∗1 and Rare-RI Ring collaboration
Construction of a new storage ring called “Rare-RI
Ring” was started in 20121,2) at RIBF. This project
aims at precise isochronous mass measurements for
extremely neutron-rich exotic nuclei in the r-process
nucleosynthesis. To precisely tune the ion-optical condition to be isochronous, the resonant Schottky noise
pick-up technique will be employed. We performed anoﬀ-line test of the resonant Schottky pick-up.
Figure 1 shows the resonant Schottky pick-up thatwill be installed in the Rare-RI Ring. It consists of apillbox-type resonant cavity electrically isolated fromthe beam pipe by a ceramic tube. A schematic viewof the pick-up is shown in Fig. 2(a): a chamber shownin blue is the beam pipe and the shaded cylinder surrounding the beam pipe is the cavity equipped withtwo ports (yellow). The ports are movable plunger
pistons that can adjust the resonance frequency (fres )of the eigenmode. Fig. 2(b) shows the cross-sectionalview of the cavity, and the detailed structure of thegap can be seen at the center. The cavity itself is ﬁlledwith air and has the shape of a pillbox with an outer
diameter of 750 mm and length of 200 mm. The innerdiameter is 320 mm. The lower ﬂanges ( see Fig. 1 )are prepared for feedthroughs to take out signals froma loop coil that magnetically couples to the cavity ﬁeld
induced by the beam.
Using a network analyzer, we measured the basic
quantities characterizing the resonant cavity: the resonance frequency, the shunt impedance Rsh , and theunloaded Q factor Q0 . To measure Rsh , the perturbation method was adopted. From the measurements, fres = 171.54(±0.44) MHz, Rsh = 169 kΩ, andQ0 = 1884 were obtained.
For tuning the isochronous ﬁeld settings, the proposed pick-up is required to have an excellent singleion sensitivity. By using the results of the oﬀ-line
test, the output signal power corresponding to a single ion with charge q at resonance3) is estimated to be
P = q 2 × 2.8 × 10−21 W , and the power of thermal
noise Pnoise is 7.1 × 10−19 W. For q ≥ 16, the signal
power exceeds the noise ﬂoor, and the signal from thebeam can be detected by the present Schottky pickup. Therefore, the performance is suﬃcient for precise
tuning of isochronus ﬁeld settings of the Rare-RI Ring.
The resonant Schottky pick-up will be soon installed
into the Rare-RI Ring. Detailed results of the oﬀ-line
test and online beam performance test will be reported
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba

in forthcoming publications.

Fig. 1. The resonant Schottky pick-up that will be installedin the Rare-RI Ring. The resonant cavity surrounds
the beam pipe with a ceramic gap. The lower flanges
for feedthroughs are the output coupler loop, and theupper feedthroughs are the movable plunger pistons,
using which the resonance frequency of the eigenmodecan be adjusted.

Fig. 2. Schematic view of a resonant cavity for the Rare-RI
Ring. (a) The pillbox-type cavity shown translucently
surrounds the beam pipe separated by a ceramic tube.
(b) A cross-sectional view of the cavity showing thedetailed structure of the gap.

References
1) Y. Yamaguchi et al.; Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 317 (2013) 629.
2) A. Ozawa et al.; Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. 2012 (2012)
03C009.
3) F. Nolden et al.; Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A
659 (2011) 69.

- 201 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Control system for the magnet power supplies of the Rare-RI Ring
M. Komiyama,＊1 Y. Abe,＊1,＊2 Y. Yamaguchi,＊1 K.Kumagai,＊1 and M. Wakasugi＊1
We report on the status of the control system of themagnet power supplies of the rare-RI ring. The
development of the control system was started at the
beginning of 2013, and it has become possible to remotely
control the main and trim coils of dipole, septum, andquadrupole magnets since November 2013.
Components to be controlled in the rare-RI ring areclassified into two groups: components for operating therare-RI ring as a storage ring and other components usedsolely for precise mass measurements. The components
belonging to the former group, such as magnets and vacuum
systems, are similar to those used in the existing RIBF
accelerators. As a first step in implementing the control
system for the rare-RI ring, we have started developing thecontrol system for the magnet power supplies that will befirst used for magnetic-field measurements of the rare-RI
ring. Control systems for vacuum components will be
integrated into the control system for the magnet power
supplies.
The control system of the rare-RI ring is developed on
the basis of Experimental Physics and Industrial Control
System (EPICS)1). To save construction cost and time, thecontrol system is designed to utilize the software resources
developed for the RIBF accelerator control system in thepast 10 years. Following recent trends in the control
systems of the RIBF accelerators, the programmable logic
controllers (PLCs) manufactured by Yokogawa Electric
Corporation (hereafter, FA-M3) was chosen as a main
controller of the components. The controllers used for themagnet power supplies are summarized in Table 1.

Table 1: Controllers used in the rare-RI ringType of Magnet(Number)
Main coil of dipole
magnets (24)Trim coil of dipole
magnets (10)Septum magnet (4)Kicker magnet (5)Correction coilmagnet (24)
Quadrupole magnet(10)

Number ofType of controller
magnet power(Number)
supplies
1
F3SP66 (1)
10
2
10
6

Serial-Ethernet
Converter (1)F3SP66 (2)Under discussion
Under discussion

10

F3SP66 (5)Magnet power supplies, except for those exciting the trim
＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2

Institute of Physics, University of Tsukuba

coils, were newly developed for the rare-RI ring. F3SP66 is
a conventional ladder PLC-CPU for the FA-M3 system, and
it is controlled by using netDev, an EPICS device, anddriver support for general network devices developed by
KEK and RIBF control groups2). Old power supplies arereused for the trim coils; these are controlled via serial
communication, RS422. We have connected a
serial-Ethernet converter to the magnet power supply andcontrolled it via Ethernet by using StreamDevice, an EPICS
device support for devices controlled by sending andreceiving strings3).
For an operator interface (OPI) application, we haveselected Control System Studio (CSS). 4) CSS is a userinterface framework for control systems based on Eclipse,
which has functions of not only a graphical user interface(GUI) but also an alarm system and a data archiving system.
It is at the forefront of recent OPIs.
Regarding a network, we have recently installed a local
area network (LAN) dedicated to the rare-RI ring (hereafter,
rare-RI ring LAN), which will be used in combination with
the LAN of the RIKEN Wako campus (hereafter, Wako
LAN). Servers and controllers for each component in therare-RI ring are connected to the rare-RI ring LAN, andclient PCs are connected to the Wako LAN. The two
networks are connected to each other across a firewall. We
can obtain information on the rare-RI ring from every PC
on the Wako LAN; however, controlling the components ispermitted for only a few dedicated client PCs.
Three types of servers are installed in the rare-RI ring
LAN. The first functions as a network file system (NFS)
and EPICS-Input/Output Controller (IOC) server and as afirewall and router in the connection of the rare-RI ring
LAN and the Wako LAN. As an IOC server, it serves as asoft IOC to control ladder CPUs. The second server is a
backup server. The files on the NFS and EPICS-IOC
servers' local hard disks are copied to this backup server toavoid loss of files and data. The third server manages a
relational database (RDB), in which PostgreSQL is installed
to operate the data archiving system and the alarm system
of CSS on client PCs. This server also simultaneously
executes a data acquisition program to save operation data
and a program for operating the GUI of the CSS alarmsystem.
References
1) http://www.aps.anl.gov/epics/2) J. Odagiri et al.: Proc.ICALEPCS2003, Gyeongju, Korea,(2003), p. 494.
3) http://epics.web.psi.ch/software/streamdevice/4) http://cs-studio.sourceforge.net/- 202 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Installation of SLOWRI-1†
M. Wada,∗1 T. Sonoda,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 P. Schury,∗1 Y. Ito,∗1 F. Arai,∗1,∗2 S. Arai,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1
T. Fujinawa,∗1 T. Maie,∗1 H. Yamasawa∗1 and H. Wollnik ∗1,∗3
The installation of SLOWRI1) , a principal facility
at RIBF that will provide low-energy, high-purity RIbeams of all elements, started in FY2013. SLOWRI
consists of two gas catchers (GasCell-A and -B), mass
separators, a 50-m beam transport line, a beam coolerbuncher, and lasers.
The necessary infrastructure was prepared in thesummer of 2013. Two 400-mm-diameter holes in theshielding block were drilled for the beam transport line.
A 3.5-m long hole was drilled between the laser room
and BigRIPS room for creating a laser path. A staircase was closed by a steel roof to extend the SLOWRI
experimental room. The cable rack of BigRIPS was
modiﬁed, and the electronic racks and compressors forthe cryogenic cooling system were relocated to install
GasCell-A. Large concrete blocks were also relocatedto install the mass separator for GasCell-B. A laser hut
was built to install pulsed lasers, and utilities for thehigh-power lasers were prepared.
GasCell-A (RF carpet gas cell)2) will be installed at
the exit of the D5 dipole magnet of BigRIPS. The gas
catcher contains a large cryogenic He gas cell with alarge traveling wave rf-carpet3,4) . It will convert themain beams of BigRIPS to low-energy, low-emittancebeams without any restrictions on the chemical properties of the elements. GasCell-B (PALIS)5) will be
installed in the vicinity of the second focal plane slitof BigRIPS. It will provide parasitic RI beams fromions lost in the slits during other experiments. In thisgas catcher, thermalized RI ions quickly become neutral and will be re-ionized by resonant laser radiations.
These gas catchers will be ready for oﬀ-line testing by
March 2014.
The 50-m beam transport line under installation(Fig. 1) consists of four dipole magnets (SD1 to SD4),
two focal plane chambers, 62 electrostatic quadrupole
singlets, 11 electrostatic quadrupole quartets (EQQ1
to EQQ11), and 7 beam proﬁle monitors (BPMs). SD1and SD2, located immediately after the gas catchers
will be used for isotope separation. After eliminating contaminant ions at the focal plane chamber, thelow-energy beam will be transported by FODO lattice structures with phase space matching using EQQs.
The EQQs have multipole elements made of 16 rods onwhich various potentials can be applied to produce 6pole and 8-pole ﬁelds, simultaneously, to compensate
for ion optical aberrations. This multipole element canalso produce dipole ﬁelds for steering and scanning the
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Tsukuba University
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico
State University- 203 -

Fig. 1. Part of SLOWRI beam transport line, under installation.

beam. The BPMs have a classical cross-wire beam
monitor as well as a channel electron multiplier with apinhole collimator. Combining the scanning capabilityof the EQQs and the pinhole detector, we can observea beam proﬁle even for very low-intensity RI-beams.
In the SLOWRI experiment room, a beam coolerbuncher6) and a multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass
spectrograph7) will be installed for conducting various
precision experiments.
Oﬀ- and on-line commissioning will take place in
FY2014, and the low-energy RI-beams will be provided
for users in FY2015.
References
1) M. Wada et al., Hyp. Int. 199 (2011) 269.
2) M. Wada et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. B204 (2003) 570.
3) G. Bollen, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 299 (2011) 131.
4) F. Arai et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom., in press.
5) T. Sonoda et al.: In this report.
6) Y. Ito et al.: In this report.
7) P. Schury et al.: In this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Performance of an ion surfing rf-carpet in high gas pressure forapplication in a high energy RI beam gas catcher
F. Arai,∗1,∗2 Y. Ito,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 P. Schury,∗1 M. Wada,∗1 and H. Wollink∗1,∗3

+Vp

+V+V
p+V
pp
FpFpFpionionion

ionionion

RF-carpet
RF-carpet FRF
FRF
RF-carpet
FRF
ringelectrodes
ringelectrodes
ringelectrodes

RF:
0°0°
+0°wave:
0°0°0°
0°
RF:
0°0°
wave:
RF:
+ +wave:+ wave:
90°
RF:
180°
wave:
90°
RF:
180°
+ +wave:
90°
RF:
180°
+0°wave:
180°
RF:
0°0°
0°
wave:
180°
RF:
0°0°
+ +wave:180°
RF:+ wave:
270°
RF:
180°
wave:
270°
RF:
180°
+ +wave:
270°
RF:
180°

Exit
nozzleExit
nozzleExit
nozzle

(b)
(b)
(b)

+V+V
p+V
pp

FpFF
pp
FRF
FF
RFRF

Push
electrodePushelectrodePushelectrode

K ionsourceionsource
sourceK Kion+ ionsK+Kions+
KionsoriÞceExit
nozzleoriÞceExit
nozzle

F.C.
F.C.

wave
to to
insidewave
inside

IFC
IFC

wave
to to
outsidewave
tooutsideoutsideIouterwave
IouterIouterRF-carpet
RF-carpet IRFC
IRFC
ring
electrodes
ringelectrodes

Outerelectrodeelectrode
Outer

1.0

1.0

0.8

0.8

0.6

0.6

ext

Fig. 1. (a) Concept of ion surﬁng with schematic of theapplied rf and AF signal phases. (b) The eﬃciency
measurement method. An rf frequency of 9.3 MHz andrf amplitude of 104 Vpp were used.

As in the standard method, rf signals are applied tothe electrodes such that adjacent electrodes are 180◦
out of phase, creating an eﬀective repelling force forthe ions. In the ”ion surﬁng ” method, in order tokeep the ion just above the RFC surface, the repelling
force needs to be balanced by a push force, which iscreated by a push electric ﬁeld Epush . The conﬁned
ions can be transported along the RFC surface by superimposing a weak audio-frequency (AF) signal such
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico
State University

0.4

0.4
0.2

ext

Fp

(a)
(a)
(a)

that adjacent electrodes are 90◦ out of phase, forminga traveling potential wave. Under optimal conditions,the ion speed approaches the wave’s speed, which is
proportional to the AF frequency fAF 2)3) .
Recently, we have demonstrated the transport andextraction of K+ ions using a circular RFC in 2 kPa of
He gas pressure4) . However, in the practical gas cell,
the gas pressure is higher than this value.
In this study, the transport and extraction of K+
ions were tested in high He gas pressure using a
160 mm cylinder electrode, which created a push electric ﬁeld Epush and circular RFC with 0.32 mm diameter oriﬁce. The RFC consists of 245 ring electrodes, each 0.08 mm with 0.16 mm pitch. Fig. 1(b) shows the eﬃciency measurement method. The
study required the measurement of two ion currents:
the current reaching the RFC electrodes (with rf oﬀ)
IRFC and the ion current reaching the FC IFC . The
FC was biased at −10 V to pull ions out from the extraction oriﬁce. We deﬁne the combined transport andextraction eﬃciency as εext = IFC /IRFC .
Fig. 2 shows the εext as functions of the gas pressure
PHe . At Epush = 5 V/cm, more than 90% εext was
obtained. However, at Epush = 10 V/cm, εext dropped
in high pressure. For higher pressure, the eﬀective repelling force becomes small. As a result, Epush exceeds
the eﬀective repeller ﬁeld of the RFC and causes ions tohit the RFC electrodes. To allow operation at higher
pressures and Epush , a larger eﬀective repelling force isneeded.
We intend to apply the ion surﬁng transport method
to the SLOWRI gas cell with improved geometry.

¡ext

High-energy radioactive isotopes produced in-ﬂight
by fragmentation or ﬁssion are used in ion trap-based
precision experiments after being stopped in a large gascell. The stopped ions can be extracted from the largegas cell as a low-energy ion beam. In order to transport and extract ions quickly and eﬃciently, electricﬁelds are required to guide them. In this respect, an rfcarpet (RFC) method utilizing a dc potential gradientis a standard technique1) . However, such a method isrestricted by the transport time to longer half-life isotopes owing to the upper limit on the dc gradient thatcan be supported before electric discharges occur in thelarge gas cell. For studying short half-life isotopes, an
RFC featuring faster transport is required. Recently, ahybrid technique wherein the dc gradient is replaced bya traveling potential wave was proposed as illustrated
in Fig. 1(a), called ”ion surﬁng”2) . This technique
has recently been experimentally veriﬁed with a linear
RFC3) .

fAF(kHz)

0.0

5

10

fAF(kHz)

0.2

40
80
120
140

15

Epush = 5 V/cm
0.0

40
80
120
140

20

5

PHe (kPa)

25

30

Epush = 10 V/cm
10

15

20

25

30

PHe (kPa)

Fig. 2. εext as a function of the gas pressure PHe for each
AF frequency fAF at a push electric ﬁeld Epush of
5 V/cm (left) and 10 V/cm (right).

References
1) M. Wada et al, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B204 (2003) 570.
2) G. Bollen, Int. J Mass Spectrom. 299 (2011) 131
3) M. Brodeur, et al Int. J Mass Spectrom. 336 (2013) 53
4) F. Arai et al, Int. J Mass Spectrom. 362 (2014) 56- 204 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

A gas-cell ion cooler and buncher for SLOWRI
Y. Ito,∗1 M. Wada,∗1 P. Schury,∗1 F. Arai,∗1,∗2 T. Sonoda,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 and H. Wollnik∗1,∗3
For future experiments at SLOWRI, ion cooling andbunching will be indispensable for various experiments
such as collinear laser spectroscopy, and for all ion trap
experiments. The ion beams from SLOWRI gas catchers will be continuous with a beam energy of 30 keV.
They must be decelerated and cooled in an ion trap forbunched ions. In general, linear RF quadrupole (RFQ)
traps have been used for such a purpose after electrostatic deceleration. Such systems typically use He gas
at a pressure of the order of 10−2 mbar to cool ionsin a ∼1 m length RFQ. Due to the limited acceptanceof the RFQ, the typical efficiency of such cooler andbuncher is a few ten percent1)2) .
We propose here a new gas-cell cooler and buncher(GCCB) scheme (Fig. 1). It consists of a gas cell (GC)with an RF carpet (RFC) and a flat trap (see Fig. 1).
The GCCB will be filled with He gas at up to 2 mbar –much less than the ∼100 mbar used in conventional GC– and cryogenically cooled to <77 K. According to calculations with TRIM, a stopping efficiency of ≈100%
can be obtained for any 30 keV beams with Z > 3 if
the GCCB is at least 420 mm long.
8

2
425

P3 ~ 10-5 mbar
TMP: 450 L/s

multipoleion guide

250

mass selected ion
beam: <30 kev

RF carpet

P1 ~ 2 mbar, 77 K
P2 ~ 10-3 mbar
TMP: 2000 L/s

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the GCCB. Continuous ion
beams will be cooled in the grounded GCCB, transferred to the flat trap, and extracted as a pulsed beam3) .

The RF carpet is a proven technique for efficient andfast ion transport. Recently, the so-called ion surfing
method, in which a traveling potential wave is superimposed on the RF, has been developed for faster transport4) . The transport speed was as high as 75 m/s witha linear RFC4) and an extraction efficiency of ≈100%
was obtained using a circular RF-carpet5) . However,it has yet to be used at pressures as low as 2 mbar.
To verify the performance of the RFC at low pressures, the extraction efficiency of the RFC was investigated with a fine-RFC that has an electrode pitch of
0.16 mm and 0.08 mm2 exit hole. The experimental
parameters were optimized to achieve high efficiency
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics University of Tsukuba
Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico
State University

using an RF frequency of fRF = 5 MHz. However,when operated at 2 mbar, few ions could be extracted
from the GC; at 5 mbar, the efficiency was 22%.
Simulations with SIMION indicated that the low efficiency was the result of unstable ion motion arisingfrom the ions moving between adjacent electrodes in
fewer RF periods than required for the validity of thepseudo-potential approximation (see Fig. 2). By increasing the RF frequency to 12 MHz, the simulation
indicated that the ion motion would become stable anda high extraction efficiency could be achieved.
12 MHz

5 MHz

pitch: 0.16 mm, PHe: 5 mbar

0.15 mmring electrodes

Fig. 2. Comparison of ion motions for fRF = 5 MHz and
12 MHz.

Since the resonance RF frequency is, however, limited by the impedance of the system, such higher frequency is difficult to obtain; however, increasing theelectrode pitch should yield a similar effect. In simulation, doubling the electrode pitch and the exit holediameter yielded near unity extraction efficiency with
2 mbar He for fRF = 5 MHz (see Fig. 3). Taking
into account the transport and trapping efficiencies ofa multipole ion guide and a flat trap3) after the GC,
the overall efficiency of the GCCB is expected to be>50%. Such a larger-pitch RF-carpet is being manufactured and will be tested soon. An offline test using
30 keV ion beam counpled to a multi-pole ion guideand the flat trap3) will be performed in early FY2014.
0.16 mm0.32 mmfRF: 5 MHz, PHe: 2 mbar

0.15 mmelectrode surface

Fig. 3. Comparison of ion motions in 2 mbar He using
0.16 mm and 0.32 mm pitch.

References
1) F. Herfurth et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 469, 254 (2001)
2) T. Brunner et al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 676, 32 (2012)
3) Y. Ito et al., Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 544 (2013)4) M. Brodeur, et al Int. J Mass Spectrom. 336, 53 (2013)
5) F. Arai, Y. Ito et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. (in press)- 205 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Conceptual design of a post accelerator for SLOWRI
S. Arai＊1 and M. Wada＊1
As an extension plan of the slow radioactive nuclear ion
beam facility (SLOWRI)1), construction of a post
accelerator has been proposed. The radioactive ions fromSLOWRI are mass-analyzed, charge-bred, and injected into
the post accelerator. The post accelerator is a normal
conductive linear accelerator complex composed of aradio-frequency quadrupole (RFQ), a medium energy beamtransport (MEBT), and a drift-tube linac (DT linac). The
RFQ accelerates ions with mass to charge ratio (A/q) of lessthan 9 from 5 to 500 keV/u. The beam from RFQ istransported to the DT linac through the MEBT. The output
beam energy of the DT linac varies between 500 keV/u and
1.5 MeV/u. The layout and main parameters of the post
accelerator are shown in Fig. 1 and Table 1, respectively.
720

RFQ Exit

30

RFQ

MEBT

30

46

Tank1

10
165

56

IH-LINAC

43
7

22.5

25.9

8
10

36

30

Tank2
Q-doublet

5

243.4

540

RFQ Exit

Unit: cm

Fig. 1. Layout of the post accelerator.

Table 1. Main parameters of the post accelerator

RFQ
Structure
Split coaxial
Tank No.
Frequency (MHz)79
A/q
9
Duty factor (%)
100
Input energy (kev/u)
5Output energy (kev/u)
500
Normalized emittance
0.047( cm·mrad)
Number of cells
290
Bore radius (cm)0.54Electrode voltage (kV)
65.1
Synch. phase (deg)-30
Cavity diameter (cm)30
Total cell length (cm)719Power loss (kW)
186

1

500
640

Drift-tube linac
Interdigital H
2
3
4
5
158
9
100
640 810 1000 1230
810 1000 1230 1500
0.047

14
1.2
160

15
1.4
180

46.4
31

56
44

16
1.6
200
-25
36
66.7
62

16
1.6
220

16
1.6
250

74.2
72

82
91

RFQ parameters were determined with reference to the
RFQ “TALL” 2). The RFQ has a split coaxial-type structure,
which is almost the same as that of the INS-type SCRFQ 3),
while the mechanism for supporting the vanes is modified
as shown in Fig. 2 in order to reduce the electrodecapacitance. The cavity comprises 18 module cavities each
＊1

RIKEN Nishina Centerof which is 30 cm in inner diameter and 40 cm in length.
The cavity dimensions and RF parameters such as resonant
frequency, unloaded Q, and power loss were estimated bymeans of numerical analysis based on an equivalent circuit .

Fig. 2. Cross-sectional views of INS-type SCRFQ (left) andmodified RFQ (right).
As the DT linac, an interdigital-H (IH) type comprising
five tanks and five quadrupole doublets is adopted to obtainhigh shunt impedance and variable output energy.
Quadrupole doublets are placed in a short space of 37 cm
between the tanks to avoid the reduction of longitudinal
acceptance of the linac. The IH cavities were designed in
the same manner as those of the RFQ were. The
longitudinal sectional view of a cavity and the gap-voltage
distribution along the beam axis for tank1 are shown in Fig.
3. The goal frequency and uniform distribution are obtainedby optimizing the ridge-cut shapes of both the ends. Ridges
are made from the flat plate with 4cm thickness. Stems
supporting the drift tubes are in the form of a truncated conewith the top and bottom diameters of 1 and 3 cm,
respectively.
The beam simulation results are as follows: For the beamwith a normalized emittance of 0.047  cm·mrad, the RFQ
transmission is more than 90%. The output beam emittanceprofile of the RFQ is well matched with the acceptanceprofile of the IH linac by means of two quadrupole doublets
and a 4-gap rebuncher of the quarter-wave resonator in the
MEBT. Transmission of the IH linac is 100%.
Ridge-cut shape

Fig. 3. Longitudinal sectional view (left) and gap-voltage
distribution (right) for the 158.1-MHz IH tank1.
References

1) M. Wada et al.: Hyp. Int. 199 (2011) 269-277.
2) N. Ueda et al.: Proc. LINAC’84, 1984, p. 71.
3) S. Arai et al.: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 390 (1997) 9-24.

- 206 -



Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Wide-band mass measurements with a multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight
mass spectrograph†
P. Schury,∗1 F. Arai,∗1 Y. Ito,∗1 T. Sonoda,∗1 M. Wada,∗1 and H. Wollnik∗1
The multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass spectrograph (MRTOF-MS), ﬁrst proposed more than 20
years ago1) , uses a pair of electrostatic mirrors to compress a ﬂight path of several hundred meters (or evenmany kilometers in some cases) within a reﬂection
chamber of ≈1 m length. The MRTOF-MS can achieve
mass resolving powers of Rm >105 while operating at
rates of 100 Hz or more2)3)4) .
Recently, these devices have begun to prove usefulfor online measurement of nuclear masses5)6) . The
technique has been demonstrated to accurately provide mass precision of δm/m ∼ 5×10−7 or better.
However, the multi reﬂection nature of the measurement has made analysis of rich, wide-band mass spectra diﬃcult or impossible. Much like runners of widely
varying skill racing on a circular track, after some timeions with suﬃciently diﬀering mass-to-charge ratios
make diﬀerent numbers of laps and create a diﬃcult tointerpret spectrum. By developing an analytic method
to interpret such spectra, we believe the device could
eventually provide wide-band measurements of nuclear
masses much in the way of storage rings7) . The device
could also be useful in analytic chemistry, providing
wide-band analysis much like FT-ICR Penning traps,
but with greater sensitivity.

Determining ∆n requires a pair of spectra with diﬀerent values of nm1 . Using this method, it is possible todetermine the mass-to-charge ratio of ions over a wide
range with a relative mass accuracy of ∼10−6 , which istypically suﬃcient to uniquely identify the ions. Sucha pair of spectra with ion identity determined is shownin Fig. 1 using NaNH+
3 as a reference.
Once ∆n is known, a more precise determinationof the ion’s mass-to-charge ratio can be determinedusing the time-of-ﬂight of the reference and unknownwith each undergoing the same number of laps, as previously demonstrated online for 8 Li+6) . If there exist
isobars, one isobar can be used as a reference while
the others are treated as unknown masses and simultaneous accumulation of reference and unknown canbe performed, removing possible drift-related errors.

Fig. 2. Calculated spectra at SLOWRI from nuclei produced by in-ﬂight ﬁssion of Uranium. In the hashed region, ions will experience time-dependent electric ﬁelds
from extraction switch and cannot be analyzed.

Fig. 1. Example spectra with nm1 =78 and 79 laps. Abscissa reﬂects the time-of-ﬂight of the NaNH+
3 reference.

As reported8) , using a time-of-ﬂight peak corresponding to a reference ion with known mass-to-charge
ratio that makes a known number of laps in the reﬂection chamber it is possible to determine the mass-tocharge ratio corresponding to any other peak as(n)m2 = m1(

ζ + nm1
ζ + nm1 + ∆n

)2

,

(1)
(n)

where reference ions with mass-to-charge ratio m1
make nm1 laps and unknown ions with mass-to-charge
ratio m2 make nm1 + ∆n laps, while ζ is a systemdependent constant; for our system ζ=0.686 893(20).
†∗1Condensed from Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 359 (2014) 19-25
RIKEN Nishina CenterWe foresee the possibility of performing suchwide-band mass measurements of r-process nuclei at
SLOWRI. As demonstrated in the calculated spectra shown in Fig. 2, it should be possible to measure
masses of 20 or more nuclei simultaneously. This would
allow the entire region from 78 Ni to 132 Sn to be investigated with less than 10 tunes of BigRIPS.
References
1) H. Wollnik, M. Przewloka, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion
Processes 96 (1990) 267
2) P. Schury et al., Nuclear Instr. and Methods in Physics
Research B 317 (2013) 537-543
3) Y. Ito et al., Nuclear Instr. and Methods in Physics
Research B 317 (2013) 544-549
4) W. Plaß et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 349 (2013) 134
5) F. Weinholtz et al., Nature 498 (2013) 346-349
6) Y. Ito et al., Physical Review C 88 (2013) 011306(R)7) F. Bosch and Yu. A. Litvinov, Int. J. Mass Spectrom.
349 (2013) 151
8) P. Schury et al., Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 359 (2014) 19-25- 207 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Design work for PALIS system
T. Sonoda,∗1 M. Wada,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 N. Fukuda,∗1 H. Iimura,∗2 N. Inabe,∗1 T. Kubo,∗1 K. Kusaka,∗1
H. Takeda,∗1 H. Suzuki,∗1 M. Wakasugi,∗1 K. Yoshida∗1 and SLOWRI collaboration
In FY2013, the construction budget for a low-energy
RI-beam facility SLOWRI was ﬁnally founded. The
design drawing for the PArasitic slow RI-beam production by Laser Ion Source (PALIS)1) was ﬁnalized.
We will restore unused RI-beams for producing slow
RI-beam by installing a gas catcher in the vicinity ofthe second focal plane (F2) of the fragment separator BigRIPS. This will enable the use of parasitic slow
RI-beams for various precision experiments whenever
BigRIPS experiments are in operation.
In order to realize the reasonable performance undervarious constrained conditions, there are a lot of novel
methods taken into the PALIS design. In particular,
the following three worthwhile items were resolved as
to avoid any interference to the BigRIPS main beam
experiments. The ﬁrst item is the position of the gas
cell, which should be able to move horizontally on thex-axis perpendicular to the BigRIPS beam direction.
At F2, RI-beams with slightly diﬀerent isotones are focused on alongside the x-axis. By applying an overhead
beam extraction, the PALIS gas cell collects such theisotone beams neighboring a BigRIPS main beam at
both the neutron-rich and neutron-deﬁcient sides, respectively. The extracted RI-beams from the gas cell
are transported along the y-axis to the height of 70
cm from the BigRIPS beam, where it bends by 90 degrees in another beam line comprising several bellow
combinations. Using a stepping motor, the PALIS gas
cell can be moved -60 mm away from the central axisof the BigRIPS beam, and is also pulled by +160 mm
toward the evacuation site.
The second item is the diﬀerential pumping system
for realizing the gas cell pressure for Ar/He up to 105
Pa under the totally separated vacuum condition between the PALIS beam line and the BigRIPS F2 chamber. So far, we have developed a novel implementationof diﬀerential pumping, in combination with a sextupole ion beam guide (SPIG), which allows a pressure diﬀerence from 105 to 10−3 Pa within a drastically miniaturized geometry compared to conventional
systems2) . This system can utilize a large exit holefor fast evacuation times, minimizing the decay loss
for short-lived nuclei during the extraction from a gas
cell, while a suﬃcient gas cell pressure is maintained
for stopping high-energy RI-beams. By following thismethod, the gas evacuation lines become compact NWbased ﬂanges, resulting in the complete separation of
the PALIS vacuum from the BigRIPS beam line.
The third issue is the preparation of the high-voltage∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 208 -

platform for ion acceleration, which is necessary for theelectrical isolation between the PALIS gas cell, following the beam extraction system including the evacuation lines of diﬀerential pumping, and the grounded
beam lines. The low-energy RI-beam from PALIS
should be transported to the SLOWRI experimentalroom via 50 m long low-energy beam line. Therefore,
ion acceleration is indispensable, while any problem induced from high voltage breakdown should be avoided
for the protection of BigRIPS beam proﬁle detectors
placed in the F2 chamber. For the ﬁrst phase, we will
adopt the pulsed cavity method3) located at the outside of the F2 chamber. The extracted low-energy RIbeam transported via SPIG and QMS ﬁrst enters a linear ion cooler-buncher, and then, the produced pulsed
beam is accelerated toward a cavity at the potential of
about 1 kV. When the ion pulse reached the ﬁeld-free
region inside the cavity, the fast switch applies a highvoltage potential about 30 kV, the latter is switchedagain to ground potential for ion acceleration. Thispulsed cavity consists of MRTOF4) in expectation of
future isobar puriﬁcation. By this way, the electricalisolation is no longer necessary.
The PALIS design work has been almost ﬁnalized, as
shown in Fig. 1. The oﬀ-line and on-line commissioning
test for PALIS will be started from June 2014.

Fig. 1. BigRIPS F2 chamber implemented with PALIS.

References
1) T. Sonoda et al.: AIP Conf. Proc. 1104 132 (2009).
2) T. Sonoda et al..: Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B 295 1(2013).
3) F. Herfurth et al..: Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B 469
254(2001).
4) Y. Ishida et al.: Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B 241 983(2005).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Transportation of laser beams for PALIS
H. Iimura, 1, 2 T. Sonoda, 1 and M. Wada 1
PArasitic RI-beam production by Laser Ion-Source(PALIS)1) is under construction as a part of the slow
RI-beam facility, SLOWRI, at RIBF. The PALIS is basedon resonant photoionization of reaction products cached in agas cell. According to the present plan, the gas cell will be
installed in the vicinity of the slit at the F2 focal plane in
BigRIPS. However, the laser system for PALIS is set up ina room on a different floor located at approximately 50 m in
the horizontal and 10 m in the vertical direction from the F2chamber of BigRIPS. Thus, to transport the laser beams
across this long distance we designed an optics system.
The laser system newly installed for the PALIS consistsof two dye lasers (Spectra-Physics Credo) pumped by a
Nd:YAG laser (EdgeWave IS) at a repetition rate of 10 kHz.
We will use a two-step two-color scheme or a three-step
two- or three-color scheme for the resonant ionization of
atoms. For example, in case of the three-color scheme, the
Nd:YAG laser will be used in the third step from anintermediate state to the ionization continuum.
The planned optics system is shown in Fig. 1. Three setsof this system will be installed to transport threedifferent-color laser beams independently. We prepared a
few spares of each lens and mirror to exchange themaccording to the wavelength of laser. Three laser beams
overlap each other at the PALIS gas cell. Because mirror
M3 is close (~1 m) to the gas cell, it reflects all three laser
beams; this is different from other optical components thatare used for only one laser beam.
Because the beam size of the laser is small (0.8 mmhorizontally and 2 mm vertically) at the exit of the dye laser,

Fig. 1. Planned optics system for transportation of laser
beams to PALIS.
1
2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Applied Nuclear Physics Laboratory, Japan Atomic Energy Agency- 209 -

it diverges after long distance transportation (withdivergence of 1 mrad). Therefore, we expand the laser beam
to approximately 7 mm x 17 mm using an expander
consisting of a concave lens (L1) and an achromatic lens
(L2). The estimated divergence of this beam is 0.1 mrad,
and the beam size does not change significantly after atransportation distance of 45 m. Then the laser beam is
focused with a long focal length using a combination of
convex (L3) and concave (L4) lenses. Finally, the laser
beam is injected into the PALIS gas cell in the F2 chamberof BigRIPS. The resonant photoionization occurs inside the
SextuPole Ion Guide (SPIG) to which atoms move from thegas cell. We designed the optics system such that the beam
size of laser changes to 3 mm x 3 mm along the 25-cm
length of SPIG and the laser beam matches the 3-mm inside
diameter of SPIG.
Regarding the intensity of the laser beam, outputs of thedye lasers are less than 15 W, or in case of using a second
harmonic generator, they are less than 2 W. In many of theionization schemes, the intensity of ions is not saturated
with these laser powers. Therefore, higher transport
efficiency of the laser beams is necessary to achieve higher
intensity of ions. The designed optics system uses aminimum number of optical components, and the transport
efficiency estimated from the transmission and reflectanceof the optical components is approximately 50 % at awavelength of 350 nm. If we use an optical fiber instead,the efficiency lowers to approximately 10 %.
The experimental room where BigRIPS is located cannot
be entered when the RI beams are injected, although thelaser room can be entered at any time. To handle the laser
beams without entering the experimental room, we placed
actuators to change the angles of 2-inch mirrors M1 and M2.
These actuators can be controlled via Ethernet by acomputer. Additionally, several CCD cameras will be
installed to monitor the laser beam spots from a distance.
We also plan to place a photo detector inside the gas cell to
finally confirm that the laser beams pass through aperturesof the PALIS.
Transportation of dye laser beam is currently being
examined for attenuation of the intensity, spatial fluctuationof the beam spot, and so on. Besides the dye lasers, anarrow band-width injection-locked Ti/Sapphire laser2) isbeing developed for the in-source laser spectroscopy.
Transportation of this laser beam is also planned.
References

1) T. Sonoda et al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 295, 1 (2013).
2) T. Takatsuka et al: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 586 (2013).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

New laser system installation for PALIS
T. Sonoda,∗1 H. Iimura,∗2 M. Wada,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 Y. Adachi,∗3 T. Noto,∗3 T. Takamatsu,∗3 T. Takatsuka,∗3
H. Tomita,∗3 F. Schneider,∗4 K. Wendt∗4 F. Arai∗5 Y. Itou∗5 P. Schury∗5 and the SLOWRI collaboration
A new laser system for PArasitic slow RI-beam production by Laser Ion Source (PALIS)1) has been installed. This system has higher laser power and repetition rate compared to those previously we used. A
gas-jet laser spectroscopy can be applied owing to highrepetition rate. A room partition was recently constructed for the laser equipments having laser shieldnoise barriers. The room is complete with an air conditioning system.
So far, we have developed a resonant ionization laser
system and a new laser ion source conﬁguration for future PALIS project. Old laser components consist of
two pulsed dye lasers (Lambda Physik) pumped by
two excimer XeCl lasers (Lambda Physik). The maximum power and repetition rate for the excimer laser
is 150 mJ/pulse, 200 Hz, which corresponds to 30 W.
Additionally, Ti:Sapphire laser pumped by YLF laser(10 W, 1 kHz) is available through collaboration with
Nagoya university. By using these lasers, oﬀ-line resonant laser ionization for stable Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Ti, Nb,
Sn, In, and Pd inside the gas cell, ion extraction andtransport to high-vacuum region via SPIG and QMS
have been conﬁrmed2) . The feasibility study for thegas jet laser spectroscopy was investigated in combination with dye and TiSa lasers3,4) .
In terms of the eﬃciency of the gas cell based resonant laser ionization system, the laser power and its
duty cycle are important. The ionization eﬃciency depends on the atomic transition strength determined by
the type of the element. High power lasers are widelyadopted for a number of elements. Moreover when themoving speed for photo-ionized atoms increases as in
the case of ionization inside a gas jet, the duty cycleof the laser pulse should be set suitably high5) . Thus,a high power and high duty cycle laser is necessary torealize a higher performance PALIS system.
In FY2013, the construction budget for a low-energy
RI-beam facility SLOWRI was ﬁnally founded. New
high power, high duty cycle lasers were prepared for
PALIS experiments. In order to install the new laser
assembly, the room size for laser setting and oﬀ-line
experiment was also extended.
New laser components consist of two pulsed dyelasers pumped by one YAG laser. The maximum repetition rate and power for a YAG laser (Edge wave) is
10 kHz and 90 W for 532 nm with a single mode and
36 W for 355 nm and 40 W for 532 nm with a mul∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Atomic Energy Agency
Faculty of Engineering, Nagoya University
Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University
Institute of Physics, Tsukuba University- 210 -

timode. Two pulsed dye lasers (Sirah) provide a wide
range wavelength from 215 to 900 nm with about 10
W for fundamental frequency and 1 W for a frequencydoubled by a secondary harmonic generator. These dyelasers accept both wavelengths (355/532) from pumplaser beam and have an additional option for selecting a line width of 1.5 GHz and 6 GHz, alternately.
Additionally, a new YAG laser (Lee) was installed forpumping Ti:Sapphire lasers. The maximum power andrepetition rate is 50 W and 10 kHz, respectively. An
injection locked Ti:Sapphire laser operated at up to 10
kHz with a line width of 20 MHz will be prepared forhigh precision laser ionization spectroscopy.

Fig. 1. The photograph of new PALIS lasers: shining two
dye lasers pumped by YAG laser.

We conﬁrmed that the new laser system works witha reasonable performance. Fig. 1 shows a photographtaken during tests of the new lasers in October 2013.
The oﬀ-line and on-line commissioning test for PALIS
will begin from April 2014.
References
1) T. Sonoda et al.: AIP Conf. Proc. 1104 132 (2009).
2) T. Sonoda et al..: Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B 295 1(2013).
3) C. Sakamoto: Master thesis, Nagoya University (2013).
4) T. Takatsuka et al.: Nucl. Inst. and Meth. B 295
1(2013).
5) T. Sonoda et al.: Nucl. Inst. Meth. B 267 2918 (2009).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

PALIS laser interlock system for human and machine protection
T. Sonoda,∗1 I. Katayama,∗1 M. Wada,∗1 H. Iimura,∗2 F. Arai,∗3 and Y. Itou∗3
A laser interlock system has been developed to facilitate safe operation and machine protection in the newlaser system for PArasitic slow RI-beam production by
Laser Ion Source (PALIS)1) .
Fig. 1 shows the overview of the interlock system forthe current PALIS laser setups. There are many items
pertaining to laser operation, for example dye circulator, chiller, air compressor, laser beam shutter, power
meter, wave meter, and so on. These often depend oneach other. If some interruption in dye ﬂow occurs during the irradiation of strong pump laser beam, the dye
cell and dye itself are damaged almost immediately.
Further, if cooling water stops or leaks, those devices
that require refrigeration stop functioning. These accidents are dangerous and can potentially start a ﬁreor cause fatal damage to laser devices. The irradiationof laser beams direct on to the human body, especiallyon to the eyes must be avoided. Therefore, some safety
devices like a beam shutter or door interlock, are necessary. Additionally, a monitoring system is essential toestablish a robust system and to reduce the frequencyof operator interventions for reading laser beam power,
laser beam position, and wavemeter.
In this circumstance, one needs to build an automated system using a programmable logic controller
for operating all devices remotely. We adopted a National Instruments (NI) Compact RIO system thatare referred from ISOLDE RILIS2) . NI CompactRIO
incorporates a real-time processor and reconﬁgurable
FPGA. The hot-swappable industrial I/O modules
can directly connect to sensors and actuators. CompactRIO embedded systems are developed using highproductivity LabVIEW graphical programming tools
for rapid development.
The sensor devices for dye circulation are necessary
to monitor the dye ﬂow at all times. However, the dyesolution is often composed of volatile liquid, and theinterconnection of sensor surface on the liquid ﬂow is
not adequate. Here, we use two types of sensors on
an experimental basis. One is a vibration sensor thatcan detect a small oscillation of the ﬂow tube synchronized with a circulator’s pumping action. The other isan ultrasonic sensor that evaluates the echo of high frequency sound waves received back by the sensor. If any
sensor detects an interruption in dye ﬂow, the beam
shutter immediately acts to stop the pump laser beam.
In addition to these sensors, alcohol sensors monitor adye leak. Several sensors are used for cooling water
to detect a leak and to monitor the dye temperature
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Nuclear science and engineering directorate, Japan Atomic
Energy Agency
Department of Physics, Tsukuba university- 211 -

stability. The laser power meters and beam shutters
are coupled with air cylinders. Therefore, the air pressure is also monitored by a pressure sensor. The door
interlock system for laser beams was prepared in the
BigRIPS room. The laser beams cannot be sent to the
BigRIPS room unless any door in the BigRIPS room
is closed.

Fig. 1. The overview of the interlock system with interactive equipments for current PALIS laser experiment.

The laser interlock system for PALIS experiment isbeing developed. This system is motivated not only forhuman and machine protection but also for facilitating
an eﬃcient and robust experimental environment. By
eﬀective utilization of these system, the oﬀ-line andon-line commissioning test for PALIS will be started
from April 2014.
References
1) T. Sonoda et al.: AIP Conf. Proc. 1104 132 (2009).
2) Bruce Marsh, presentation slides in EMIS2012.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of the hyperfine structure of 197Au atomin superfluid helium
T. Fujita,*1 T. Furukawa,*2 K. Imamura,*3, *4 X. F. Yang,*3, *5 Y. Mitsuya,*4 M. Hayasaka,*6 T. Sagayama,*6
S. Kishi,*6 T. Kobayashi,*7 H. Ueno,*3 T. Shimoda,*1 and Y. Matsuo*8
We have developed a new laser spectroscopic techniquecalled Optical Radioisotope atom Observation inCondensed Helium as Ion-catcher (OROCHI) forinvestigating the structure of exotic nuclei.1) In this method,
we observe atomic Zeeman splitting (ZMS) and hyperfine
splitting (HFS) by using optical pumping andlaser-microwave (MW) double resonance spectroscopy insuperfluid helium (He II) to derive nuclear spins andelectromagnetic moments. The characteristic opticalproperties of atoms in He II, for example, blue-shifted andconsiderably broadened absorption spectra, enables us toapply the optical pumping technique to several elements.
Recently, we performed a series of on-line experiments byusing energetic (up to 66 MeV/u) 84-87Rb beams from Riken
Projectile-fragment Separator (RIPS), and confirmed thefeasibility of the OROCHI method.2) Furthermore, we
succeeded in producing a large atomic spin polarization(>80 %) of 197Au by means of optical pumping in He II by
the laser light of the fourth harmonics of a LD-pumped
pulsed Nd:YLF laser (263.5 nm, 3 kHz). Subsequently, weplan to measure the spins and moments of neutron-deficient
Au isotopes possessing interesting structures.3)
As the first step, we measured the HFS of a stable 197Au
atom in an off-line experiment. Fig. 1 shows theexperimental apparatus. An open-topped cubic quartz cell ina cryostat is fully filled with He II. The produced Au atoms
are introduced into He II by using laser sputtering of thesample material with two pulsed lasers4). We observed theintensity of Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) by means ofa photomultiplier tube (PMT) through a monochromator forwavelength selection, and performed the laser-MW double
resonance spectroscopic measurements (MW power:
typically 1 W).
Fig. 2 shows an HFS resonance spectrum of 197Au in He
II. In fact, the observed HFS resonance frequencies were
shifted because of the Zeeman interaction with the appliedmagnetic field. Then, we derived the HFS with thezero-magnetic field effect from two HFS resonancefrequencies measured by employing opposite polarization
directions of the pumping laser, + and −, respectively, forcancelling the shift due to the Zeeman effect. The deduced
HFS in this study was consistent with the literature value ofthe HFS of 197Au in vacuum (with an accuracy of 0.5 %).

The obtained value was slightly different from the literature
value as well as the values for 133Cs and 85,87Rb.1) The shift
is due to the pressure from surrounding helium atoms.
However, the slight shift can be neglected in the discussion
regarding the structure of nuclei.
The successful HFS measurement indicates the feasibilityof future measurements for neutron-deficient nuclei of Au
by using the OROCHI method. In the near future, we plan
to propose experiments with exotic Au isotopes.

*1

Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University*3
RIKEN Nishina Center*4
Department of Physics, Meiji University*5
School of Physics, Peking University*6
Department of Physics, Tokyo Gakugei University*7
Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN*8Department of Physics, Hosei University

Fig. 1. Experimental apparatus.

Fig. 2. HFS resonance spectrum of 197Au in He IIwith + polarized pumping laser light.
References*21) T. Furukawa et al.: Hyp. Int. 196, 191(2010).
2) T. Furukawa et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317, 590 (2013).
3) H.-J. Kluge and W. Nörtershäuser : Spectrochim. Acta Part B
58, 1031(2003).
4) T. Furukawa et al. : Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 095301 (2006).

- 212 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

GARIS-II commissioning #3 and #4
D. Kaji,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 Y. Wakabayashi,∗1 M. Takeyama,∗1,∗2 S. Yamaki,∗1,∗3 K. Tanaka,∗1,∗4 H. Haba,∗1
M. Huang,∗1 J. Kanaya,∗1 Y. Ito,∗1 H. Kikunaga,∗1,∗5 F. Tokanai,∗1,∗2 S. Goto,∗6 M. Asai,∗1,∗7
and K. Morita∗1,∗8
We developed a new gas-ﬁlled recoil ion separator(GARIS-II) to study asymmetric actinide-target based
fusion reactions1) . As the ﬁrst step, we measured thesolid angle of the separator oﬄine using a standard
α-source of 241 Am, and it was determined to be 18.2msr1) . As the second step, we performed online testing
to evaluate the separation capability of GARIS-II frombackground particles, and its transmission using 40 Arinduced fusion reactions. These reaction products werecollected onto a focal plane detection (FPD) systemwith high eﬃciency under extremely low backgroundconditions2) .
As the third step of commissioning #3, we performed online operating tests on GARIS-II using 22 Neinduced fusion reactions of 197 Au, 205 Tl, 208 Pb, 209 Bi,
232
Th, and 238 U. The reaction products were separated
in-ﬂight from projectiles and other by-products using
GARIS-II, and then they were guided into the FPD
system after passing through the time-of-ﬂight detector3) . The separator was ﬁlled with He gas at the pressure of 10, 33, 80, and 173 Pa. For further backgroundrejection using GARIS-II, we tested He-H2 mixture as
the ﬁlled gas at the same gas pressure. Figure 1(A)shows the intensity distribution of 215 Ac, which is produced via the 197 Au(22 Ne,4n) reaction, at FPD in thecase of ﬁlling at 33 Pa He gas and 33 Pa He-H2 mixture (He:H2 =2:1). The optimum Bρ was shifted up to
11% and the transmission was increased from 11.4%
to 14.6%. The Bρ shift implies that the average equilibrium charge state of recoil ions moving in a ﬁlled
gas becomes small. The improvement of transmissionis due to a decrease in the multiple scattering between
the recoil ion and ﬁlled gas atom. Figure 1(B,C) shows
a comparison of background (BG) level at each peak ofintensity distribution between the He and the He-H2
mixture. The BG level was signiﬁcantly changed, andthe beam-like particles were strongly suppressed.
As the fourth step of commissioning #4, we performed online tests on GARIS-II using 48 Ca-induced
fusion reactions of 208 Pb . We measured an excitation
function of 208 Pb(48 Ca,2n)254 No and the transmissionof GARIS-II for 254 No. The maximum transmission
was 73% assuming σ = 2.05 µb4) when the separator
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Yamagata University
Department of Physics, Saitama University
Tokoy University of Science
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University
Department of Chemistry, Niigata University
Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
Department of Physics, Kyushu University- 213 -

was ﬁlled with He gas at a pressure of 73 Pa, and themagnetic rigidity Bρ was set to 2.064 Tm. The maximum transmission of GARIS-II is two times higher
than that of GARIS, which is 36%. Further, it is better
than design value of 61% for GARIS-II. Transmission
data are summarized in Fig. 2.

Fig. 1. (A) Intensity distribution of 215 Ac at FPD, (B, C)
Two-dimensional views of energy measured by Si detector vs. recoil velocity measured using the timing
counter.

Fig. 2. Transmission curve. Velocity regions of interest for
the reactions of both cold fusion and hot fusion are
given by the blue and red stripes, respectively. ○, △:GARIS, ×: GARIS-II. Solid and dashed curves are estimated by considering multiple scattering with the filled
gas for GARIS and GARIS-II, respectively.

References
1) D. Kaji et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 317, p.311(2013).
2) D. Kaji et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep 46, p.189(2013).
3) D. Kaji et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep 46, p.190(2013).
4) Yu. Ts. Ogganessian et al.: Phys. Rev. C 64, p.054606(2001).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study on detector response to spontaneous fission events ofheavy nuclides using the 206 Pb+48 Ca reaction
M. Takeyama,∗1,∗2 D. Kaji,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 Y. Wakabayashi,∗1 and M. Asai∗3
Detector response to spontaneous fission (SF ) of
products by the 206 Pb+48 Ca reaction was studied using a new focal plane detector that has a Si-Ge array1)
installed at a focal plane of the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS.
By using GARIS and GARIS-II, we plan to study
the production and decay properties of the superheavy
element (SHE) produced via actinide-based fusion reaction (hot fusion). It is reported that SHE nuclides
produced by the hot fusion are radioactive and decay
by α-particles emission or SF , and all decay chains are
terminated in SF 2) , which emit γ-rays. Therefore, it isimportant to measure the γ-rays of the SF of heavy nuclides. In 2013, we newly installed the Si-Ge detector
array3) for studying the production and decay properties of reaction products by including 248 Cm+48 Ca4) .
Thus far, we have searched for SF using Si detectors,
however, the Si-Ge array can carry out a more accurate identification than the Si detector because the
Si-Ge array is expected as a probe for the detectionof prompt γ-ray coincided with SF . Before the experiment, the Si-Ge array was caliblated using a wellknown 206 Pb(48 Ca,2n)252 No reaction. The 252 No decays by 73.1% α-particle emission and 26.9% SF 5) .
We assigned this reaction based on its branching andhalf-life.
A 48 Ca11+ beam was extracted from the 18-GHz
ECR ion source and accelerated up to 218.5 MeV by
the RILAC. The typical beam intensity was 1.0×1012
particle/s (0.17 pµA). The metallic 206 Pb (enrichmentof 99.3%) target was prepared by vacuum evaporation
on a backing of 60 µg/cm2 carbon foil. The target
thicknesses had a mean value of 353 µg/cm2 . Sixteen
frames of the sector targets were mounted on a ϕ30 cm
rotating wheel, which was rotated at 3300 rpm. The
reaction products were separated in flight from projectiles and other by-products by GARIS, which was
filled with helium gas at a pressure of 73 Pa, and thenthe products were transported into the focal plane detection system after passing through the time-of-flight(TOF) detectors. The detector system comprised two
TOF detectors, a PSD box1–3) , which is composed of aposition-sensitive detector (PSD) and four solid state
detectors (SSDs), and a planer typed Ge-detector forcounting low-energy photon (CANBERRA, BE6530).
The Ge-detector was separated from the other detector
vacuum by a 1-mm thick aluminum window. Magnetic
rigidity was set to 2.064 T·m for 252 No. Gamma rays
∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Yamagata University
Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA

- 214 -

emitted in coincidence with SF events registered by
the PSD box were measured by the Ge-detector.
Figure 1 (A) shows a two-dimensional plot of energy
measure between PSD and SSD. SF fragment energy
is measured by SSD based on the implantation depth
in PSD. When the recoil energy of evaporation residues
is low, recoil ions are stopped at the surface of the detector. Then, SF fragments are detected in both PSD
and SSD (region a). Conversely, both SF fragments
are either stopped in the detector or one of fragment
escapes in the backward direction if the recoil energy
is high, the implantation depth is deep (region b).
Figure 1 (B) shows a two-dimensional energy plotof SF - and γ-rays observed in prompt coincidence.
The probability of coincidence is 52.6% because an SF
event emits some γ-rays. From this probability, the SiGe array is considered to be useful for the identificationof SF fragments.

Fig. 1. (A) Two-dimensional plot of energy measure between PSD and SSD. (B) Two-dimensional plot of SF -γcoincidence.

References
1) D. Kaji et al., Contribution in this report.
2) Yu. Ts. Oganessian et al., J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys.
34, p.R165 (2007).
3) D. Kaji et al., Contribution in this report.
4) K. Morita et al., Contribution in this report.
5) Table of isotope 8th ed. (John Wiley & Sons, New York,1998 update).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Identification of every target mounted on a rotating wheel
and its application
D. Kaji,∗1 K. Morimoto,∗1 and K. Tanaka∗1,∗2
Several pieces of sector-shaped targets mounted ona rotating wheel have been employed for superheavy
element (SHE) production experiments with highintensity beams. Thus far, it had not been possible todetermine the thickness diﬀerence between each target
without which, we adopted the average thickness of all
the peaces. To distinguish it, we have developed a newwheel frame with an extra ID-tag placed between the
spoke-position-indicator tags on the circumference of
the wheel (Fig. 1).
(A)

ID-tag (B)hole

eration of the signal [A] with [D], which is an inverted
signal of [B]. This pulse is delivered to the accelerator
in order to chop the beam.
As a typical example, a two-dimensional plot (Fig.
3) of the event rate is monitored over a long irradiation
period (abscissa) for a rapid rotation timing (ordinate).
Event rates for targets #11, 12, and 14 become relatively higher than those for other targets caused bypin-holes on the target foils as shown in Fig 1(B,C,D).
Thus, this plot is useful in identifying the condition of
every target foil. Moreover, it enables additional beam
chopping for masking the broken target, as shown in
Fig. 3. The masking signal can be easily obtained witha logical ’OR’ operation of the inverted signal [E] witha certain delayed signal of [C].

Loss ~ 50% ?
(C)

hole

Loss ~ 30%(D)holehole

Loss ~ 30%Fig. 1. (A) New wheel frame with an ID-tag. (B,C,D) Observed pin-holes on irradiated targets #11, 12, and 14,
respectively.

∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science and Technology, Science of Tokyo University- 215 -

Fig. 2. Block diagram for ID of every target-frames.























Target sector number



Rotation time [s] A circuit block diagram for identifying each target
frame is shown in Fig. 2. To avoid unnecessary beamirradiation of the spokes, timing signals of each tag detected by a photo-diode sensor are used. In the caseof a rotational speed of 2000 rpm, the timing signals
from the spoke tags are periodically generated for every 1.875 ms, whereas an additional signal from the
ID-tag is generated for every 30 ms in one rotation.
A signal timing chart [A], shown in Fig. 2, indicatesthat an original signal is generated from the photo sensor. The chart [B] is modiﬁed from the signal [A] bychanging its delay and width. The chart [C] is obtained by a logical ’AND’ operation of the signal [A]with [B], resulting in a useful timing for one rotation of
the wheel. This pulse is delivered to a reset scalar andthe scaler measure the timing in every rotation. This
angle-timing information is recorded together with thereaction-event data measured at the focal-plane detector for each separate event. The chart [E] indicates thetiming of the spokes with elimination of the timing of
the ID-tag. The [E] is obtained by a logical ’AND’ op-

Irradiation time [hour] Fig. 3. A target-condition monitoring chart using event
timing. Sudden changes in event density at A, B, C,
and D indicate the broken parts of the target sector#12, 14,11, and 14, respectively.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Gamma-ray inspection of rotating object
T. Kambara,∗1 H. Takeichi,∗1 and A. Yoshida∗1
Radioisotopes (RIs) have long been used as tracers
for wear diagnosis of mechanical parts. We proposeda surface activation method that utilizes RI beam implantation1) instead of the conventional ion-beam irradiation.
The degree of wear is determined by the decreaseof the radioactivity of the object part or the increaseof the radioactivity of the lubricant, through external gamma-ray measurements. Therefore, a lubricant
circulation system is required for removal of activatedsurface debris from the machine. If the spatial distribution of the radioactivity in a running machine can beobtained, wear diagnosis can be performed for a closed
system without a circulation system.
In many cases, the mechanical parts being subject
to wear diagnosis work in continuous and periodical motions such as rotation. We are developing a
new method to determine the spatial distribution of
positron-emitting RIs on periodically-moving objects
in a closed system, which is based on the same principle as medical PET systems but is simpler and lessexpensive.

reconstructed from the sinogram. Therefore, with only
two detectors, the RI distribution on a rotating object
contained in a vessel can be inspected without stopping the rotation, if y and ϕ at the time of coincidence
detection are determined.

Fig. 2. Prototype setup.

In order to prove the feasibility of the method, we
have constructed a prototype (Fig. 2). A pair of NaI
scintillator detectors are placed on the opposite sides
of a rotating turntable (diameter of 14 cm) that holds
RI sources and moves back and forth. Gamma raysfrom the sources are collimated by a pair of Pb blocks
placed in front of each detector. A pin fixed to theturntable generates a pulse signal from a photoelectric
sensor at each turn. The orientation of the turntable isdetermined by a clock-pulse counter that is started by
the photoelectric sensor. At each coincidence detection
the orientation and the position of the turntable andthe pulse heights from the detectors are recorded.

Fig. 1. Geometrical Concept.

Figure 1 shows the geometrical concept. A positronemitting point source is located at (r, θ) in the polar
coordinate fixed to the object. The orientation of theobject is denoted by ϕ. A pair of gamma-ray detectors
are located at both sides of the object to detect the
511-keV photons from positron annihilations. Since
the photons are emitted in the opposite directions, thecoincident detection is allowed only when the source ison the straight line between the detectors (line of response: LOR). This condition is followed by an equation y = r cos(θ + ϕ), where y is the distance between
LOR and the rotation center. If the pair of detectors
is moved in parallel so that LOR scans the object andthe coincidence rate is measured as a function of ϕand y, the coincidence events from a point source fallon a sinusoidal curve in the ϕ-y plane. If the sourceis spatially distributed on the object, the coincidence
rate on the ϕ-y plane yields a diagram called sinogram,which is a superposition of the sinusoidal curves. Conversely, the spatial distribution of the source can be∗1

Fig. 3. Sinogram (left) and reproduced image (right) where
the circles show the turntable and the RI sources.

Figure 3 shows a sinogram and a reconstructed radioactivity distribution for two 22 Na sources, (A) 65
kBq and (B) 1.55 kBq, fixed on the turntable thatrotates at 150 rpm and moves back and forth by 2mm step/minute over a 140-mm range. The aperture
width of the collimator is 6 mm. The sinusoidal curves
marked A and B in the sinogram correspond to eachsource. The positions of the sources are reconstructedwithin 3.5 mm. Details of the reproduction algorithm
are described elsewhere.
References
1) A. Yoshida, et al,: Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 785 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center- 216 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Image reconstruction algorithm for gamma-ray inspection of rotating objects
H. Takeichi,＊1 T. Kambara,＊1 and A. Yoshida＊1
We develop a new method to determine the spatial
distribution of positron-emitting radioisotopes (RIs) on
rotating objects and construct a prototype system. The
details of the principle and the prototype system based on
this method are described elsewhere1). This method is basedon the same principle as the medical positron emission
tomography (PET) systems in which projection data fromall angles are collected. In the PET system, gamma-ray
detectors are placed in a circular manner around a stationary
object, or the gamma-ray detectors rotate around the object
in order to collect projection data. In this method, a pair ofgamma-ray detectors are placed in a stationary position andthe object being imaged is rotated.
Here, we present the image reconstruction algorithm of
the prototype system. The most conventional image
reconstruction algorithm in PET is filtered back-projection(FBP) 2). Projections from all angles are back-projected
onto and overlaid in the image plane using the inverse
Radon transform to reconstruct the image. Then, an
appropriate image filter is applied to deblur the image.
An alternative to the FBP is the maximum likelihood –expectation maximization (ML–EM) algorithm3, 4). We
assume a two-dimensional distribution (x,y) of RI (image),and the projection data p(r,) at an angle  from the y-axis
and at a distance r from the center. ML–EM is an iterative
method. The iteration starts with an arbitrary image that is
updated gradually asjn = (jn-1 / Σ cij)(Σ (cij pi / Σ cikkn-1)),iikThus, Equation 1 reads as follows. First, the projection of
the current estimate image is calculated (k cikkn-1).
Second, the ratio of the actual projection to the estimatedprojection is calculated (pi / k cikkn-1). Third, the ratio isback-projected to the image coordinate (1 / i cij )(i (cij pi /k cikkn-1)). Finally, the back-projected ratio is multipliedby the current estimate image (jn-1 / i cij)(i (cij pi / kcikkn-1)). In the prototype system, the iteration requires 99
steps from the initial uniform image to obtain the current
estimate image.
ML–EM is advantageous over FBP for wear diagnosis ofmechanical parts in that the image values are all nonnegative, the signal to noise ratio is higher, and there areless linear artifacts (see arrows in Fig. 2) around strong RI
sources in the image. These advantages are important for
the easy detection of weak sources near strong sources.
Further, ML–EM is more suitable for quantitativeevaluation because the sum of the image values is preserved
during the iteration and the gamma-ray attenuation in themachine and collimators can be implemented in cij.
Figure 2 shows a comparison of the FBP and ML–EM
images. The FBP image was obtained using MATLAB
iradon. The ML-EM image is based on an in-houseprogram.

(1)

where jn is the j-th pixel value in the image  of the n-th
iteration, pi is the value at the i-th position in the projectionp, and cij is the probability that a gamma-ray emitted fromthe j-th pixel position is counted at the i-th position in the
projection (see Fig. 1).

Fig. 2. Comparison of the FBP (left) and ML–EM (right)
images (top) and their projections (bottom). The color maps
are scaled and optimized for individual images.
Fig. 1. Schematic illustration of ML–EM
At each iteration, the projection of the current estimate
image is calculated and compared with the actual projection.
Then, the difference between the estimated and actual
projections is back-projected and used to update the current
estimate image.
＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center

References
1) T. Kambara et al.: In this report.
2) J.L. Semmlow: Biosignal and biomedical image processing(Marcel Dekker, New York, 2004).
3) L.A. Shepp and Y. Vardi: IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 1, 113(1982).
4) K. Lange and R. Carson: J. Comput. Assist. Tomogr. 8, 306(1984).

- 217 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Test of the MINOS liquid H2 target at RIBF
A. Corsi,∗1,∗2 J.-M. Gheller,∗1,∗2 L. Audirac,∗1 G. Authelet,∗1,∗2 A. Delbart,∗1,∗2 P. Doornenbal,∗2 Y. Kubota,∗2
K. Kusaka,∗2 D. Leboeuf,∗1 D. Loiseau,∗1 M. Kurata-Nishimura,∗2 A. Mohamed,∗1 A. Obertelli,∗1,∗2 H. Otsu,∗2
C. Péron,∗1,∗2 E.C. Pollacco,∗1 J.-Y. Rousse,∗1,∗2 C. Santamaria,∗1,∗2 M. Sasano,∗1 T. Uesaka,∗2 andY. Yanagisawa ∗2
MINOS (acronym for MagIc Numbers Off Stability) is a device dedicated to perform the spectroscopyof highly exotic nuclei produced at fragmentation facilities such as the RIBF accelerator of RIKEN. The
device1,2) consists of a thick liquid H2 target (50–200mm) surrounded by a time projection chamber (TPC)
used to track the vertex position inside the target. The
advantage of using such a thick H2 target is twofold:it increases the luminosity and minimizes the energy
loss and straggling of the beam. Furthermore, the useof a structureless probe allows an accurate theoreticaldescription of the reaction mechanism. The vertex information obtained from the TPC helps in preserving
the experimental resolution.
The target was developed at the Accelerator, Cryogenics and Magnetism Division - CEA Saclay. The liquid
H2 is contained in a Mylar envelope less than 150 µm
thick, composed of two parts glued on an Inox support
connected to the H2 circuit. The target is connectedto the cryostat (Fig. 1) equipped with a cryocooler,
allowing to reach the liquefaction temperature of 20.3
K. Within the cryostat, the condenser connected tothe cold head cools down the H2 that is transferred bygravity to the target (Fig. 2). This system works ina close loop allowing to minimize the amount of H2 to
be used. A specificity of this system is the possibility
to empty the target in less than 30 s. This can be attained by closing a valve on the return circuit, thence
producing an overpressure that pushes the liquid to thecondenser situated 1 m above. The target can be kept
empty for up to 10 h and filled again in 20 s by opening
the valve. This functionality allows to easily performa measurement of the background due to reactions of
the beam on the Mylar envelope. Installation and dismounting of the system take 3 and 1 d, respectively.
The system was tested successfully at the RIBF facility in July 2013. A full operation cycle was performed
in 72 h: H2 liquefaction and filling of the target, ademonstration of the “empty target”functionality, H2evaporation, and emptying of the target. The liquid
H2 target is expected to be used, coupled with the MINOS detection system, to perform physics experiments
at RIBF from Spring 2014.

∗1∗2

CEA, Centre de Saclay, IRFU
RIKEN Nishina Center- 218 -

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the cryostat.

Fig. 2. Front view of the target being filled with liquid H2 .

References
1) A. Obertelli, proceedings in French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems, Ed. by H. Otsu, T.
Motobayashi, P. Roussel-Chomaz and T. Otsuka (2012).
2) A. Obertelli et al., accepted in Eur. Phys. Jour. A(2014).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of KEK isotope separation system
Y. Hirayama,∗1 N. Imai,∗1 H. Ishiyama,∗1 S.C. Jeong,∗1 H. Miyatake,∗1 M. Oyaizu,∗1 Y.X. Watanabe,∗1
M. Mukai,∗2 S. Kimura,∗2 Y.H. Kim,∗3 M. Wada,∗4 T. Sonoda,∗4 P. Van Duppen,∗5 Yu. Kudryavtsev∗5and M. Huyse∗5
We have been constructing the KEK Isotope Separation System (KISS) to study the β-decay properties of the neutron-rich isotopes with neutron numbers
around N = 126 for astrophysics research1–3) . In the
KISS, a gas cell ﬁlled with argon gas at a pressure of
50 kPa, which stops and collects unstable nuclei in it,
is an essential equipment for selectively extracting theisotope of interest by using a resonant ionization technique. The absolute extraction eﬃciency of the gas
cell and beam purity of the KISS gas cell can be evaluated only from the measurements of the intensities ofbeams implanted in and extracted from the gas cell inan on-line test.
We performed on-line tests using the 56 Fe beam withthe energy of 90 MeV/nucleon and the maximum intensity of 4 pnA. The energy of 56 Fe beam was degraded to 1.5 MeV/nucleon in front of the gas cell byusing an aluminum energy degrader in order to implantat the center of the argon gas cell. The thermalized
and neutralized 56 Fe atoms were re-ionized in the gas
cell, and the ions were extracted and detected by using a Channeltron detector for ion counting after mass
separation.
We successfully extracted laser-ionized 56 Fe atoms
by cleaning the gas cell system and by using a “benttype” gas cell, which was designed to reduce the plasma
eﬀect. Figure 1 shows the measured eﬃciency andand the laser repetition rate (20%). The eﬃciency was
independent of the primary beam intensity, as shownin Fig. 1-(a), owing to the bend structure of the gascell. Beam purity was deﬁned as S/(S + N ). Here,N is the number of the extracted ions with A = 56,
which was measured without irradiation with ionization lasers. Figure 1-(b) shows the obtained beam purity of > 98%, and it depended on the primary beam
intensity. The beam purity decreased with increasing primary beam intensity. However, the impurities
probably consist of molecular ions of argon, which arestable against radioactive decay and do not aﬀect the
β-decay lifetime measurements.
In the case of the primary beam intensity of 2.5×107
pps, we measured mass distributions without and withionization lasers, as shown in Figs. 2, in order to investigate how many laser-ionized 56 Fe atoms formed
impurity molecules with H2 O, Ar2 , and hydrocarbons.
Figure 2-(a) shows background ions extracted from thegas cell, which are ionized by the primary beam injection. Dimers of argon isotopes and their compoundswith hydrogen were dominant. In the case of ionization laser irradiation, we clearly observed laser-ionized56
Fe peak and molecular ion peaks of 56 Fe(H2 O) and56
FeAr2 . By reducing the amount of water moleculesin the gas cell, the number of laser-ionized 56 Fe atoms
would increase, and as a result, the extraction eﬃciency of 56 Fe would be doubled.

Fig. 1. (a) Extraction eﬃciency of 56 Fe ions and (b) beam
purity measured as a function of 56 Fe beam intensity.

beam purity as a function of the primary beam intensity. The extraction eﬃciency was deﬁned as S/I.
Here, S and I present the numbers of laser-ionized 56 Fe
atoms and implanted 56 Fe atoms in the gas cell, respectively. The measured eﬃciency was about 0.25%
after the correction of the detector eﬃciency (16%)
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of Physics, Seoul National University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Instituut voor Kern-en Stralingsfysica, KU Leuven- 219 -

Fig. 2. Measured mass distributions (a) without using ionization lasers and (b) using ionization lasers.

References
1) S.C. Jeong et al.: KEK Report 2010-2.
2) Y. Hirayama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44 (2011)
25; 45 (2012) 152; 46 (2013) 176.
3) H. Ishiyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45 (2012)151.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Detection eﬃciency of segmented neutron detector at 200 MeV
Y. Kubota,∗1,∗2 M. Sasano,∗2 T. Uesaka,∗2 M. Dozono,∗2 M. Itoh,∗3 M. Kobayashi,∗1 C.S. Lee,∗1,∗2 K. Miki,∗4
S. Ota,∗1 T. Shima,∗4 A. Tamii,∗4 T. Wakasa,∗5 J. Yasuda,∗5 and J. Zenihiro∗2
Nucleon-knockout (p, pN ) reactions at intermediate
energies (200–300 MeV) provide a powerful probe of
the nature of single particle states (SPSs) in nuclei1) .
The goal of our study is to determine the neutron separation energy with a high resolution of about 500 keV
at full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) via the (p, pn)reaction. This is technically challenging because a highposition resolution is necessary for neutron detection
which cannot be achieved with a conventional design.
At RIKEN RIBF, we are developing a segmented
neutron detector consisting of 64 scintillating ﬁbers.
Each ﬁber has dimensions of 3.75 mm (W) × 3.75 mm(D) × 1 m (H) and has two multi-anode photomultiplier tubes (Hamamatsu H7546B) at both ends. Using
this setup, we conﬁrmed that the position resolutionof 3.75 mm in the total width, corresponding to theﬁber size, was actually realized by performing a neutron irradiation experiment at the Cyclotron Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University in November
2012. Furthermore, we determined the neutron detection eﬃciencies at 50 and 68 MeV to be 1.6 ± 0.4% and
2.0 ± 0.5%, respectively2) .
For higher neutron energies, we performed anotherexperiment using neutron beams at 200 MeV at the
Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka
University in November 2013. Monoenergetic neutron beams at 199 and 181 MeV were produced from
7
Li(p, n) and 12 C(p, n) reactions using a proton beamat 200 MeV. The Li and C targets, each with natural isotopic abundance, had thicknesses of 0.94 and2.1 mm, respectively. Neutrons ﬂew in the neutron
time-of-ﬂight (NTOF) tunnel and, were then detectedby the segmented neutron detector placed at a distanceof 50 m from the target position. The intensity of the
proton beam was about 100 nA and the rate of neutrons bombarding on the detector was typically 104
particles per second.
A preliminary analysis shows that the detection eﬃciencies for 181- and 199-MeV neutrons were 2.6±0.4%
and 2.5 ± 0.4%, respectively. The threshold for neutron detection, 4.2 MeV electron equivalent (MeVee )was applied to the light output information obtained
from the charge amplitude of the dynode signal.
Figure 1 shows the distribution of the detection position, which is deﬁned as the most upstream ﬁber hit.
When there are several hit ﬁbers at the same depth,
the ﬁber with largest light output is selected. Here,the threshold of each channel was set to 0.5 MeVee .
The distribution was found not to be uniform near thesurface. Along the beam direction, most events wereconcentrated on the ﬁrst plane, and the ﬁbers on theleft and right sides had a larger number of events than
the inner ﬁbers. This enhancement in the number of
events near the surface, which was not observed clearlyin the previous experiment because of the lack of theuniformity on the threshold of each channel, is still notunderstood and is being investigated for details. The
inner array of 6 × 6 ﬁbers had a uniform distribution
within 10%, possibly reﬂecting the uniformity of theneutron ﬂux.
The most downstream ﬁbers had a smaller number of events compared to upstream ﬁbers. For theseﬁbers, the light output deposit by recoil protons canbe small because the protons go out of the detector
volume within a short distance.
In summary, we are developing the segmented neutron detector with a high position resolution for the
study of SPSs via the (p, pn) reaction. The detection
eﬃciencies of neutrons at 181 and 199 MeV were determined to be 2.6 ± 0.4% and 2.5 ± 0.4%, respectively.
The distribution of the detection position shows a large
enhancement in the number of events at the surface
which is being analyzed.
We acknowledge the staﬀ at the RCNP for their efforts and support.

∗11) G. Jacob and TH. A. J. Maris, Rev. Mod. Phys. 45, 6(1973).
2) M. Sasano et al., RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 161(2013).

∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center, Tohoku University
Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, Kyushu University- 220 -

1000
800
600
400
200
0
8

7

6

5

4

3

2

1

0

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Fig. 1. Distribution of detecting positions indicated by theheights of the 8 × 8 blocks. The neutron beam travelledfrom top left to right bottom.

ReferencesⅡ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Preparation status of the J-PARC E16 experiment : measurement ofvector meson mass in nuclei
S. Yokkaichi∗1 for the J-PARC E16 Collaboration
We have proposed the experiment E161) to measure
the vector meson decays in nuclei in order to investigate the chiral symmetry restoration in dense nuclear
matter. The experiment will be performed at the JPARC Hadron Experimental Facility. The proposalof the experiment was granted scientiﬁc (“stage 1”)
approval by the PAC in March 2007. For the full approval, we need to establish the experimental feasibility
as well as to show the prospects of acquiring suﬃcient
funds and of beam-line construction. Toward the full
approval, the technical design report is under preparation for submission to PAC to be held in May 2014.
The mass modiﬁcation of vector mesons in hot
and/or dense matter is predicted on the basis of the
QCD because of the restoration of the chiral symmetry in such matter. Mass modiﬁcations in matter,
however, due to hadronic many-body eﬀects are also
predicted. The predictions from these two viewpoints
should agree in principle, however, still no clear connections are established between the two thus far.
Many experimental studies, including dilepton invariant mass measurements, have been conducted toapproach the problem, and mass modiﬁcations in hot
and/or dense matter have been observed. However, theorigin of the modiﬁcation has not yet been conﬁrmed;
in other words, there is no consensus on the interpretations of the phenomena. Among the experiments,
the experiment KEK-PS E3252) , which was conductedby a collaboration including some of the authors, measured the e+ e− invariant mass spectra in 12-GeV p+Areactions and reported enhancements on the low mass
sides of ω and ϕ mesons. These enhancements are consistent with the decrease in the mass of vector mesons
predicted using the QCD sum rule. The mass-shape
modiﬁcation of a narrow resonance, ϕ, can be observed
only in E325.
The aim of the J-PARC E16 experiment is to perform a systematic study of the mass modiﬁcation ofvector mesons, particularly the ϕ meson, in nuclei,
with statistics that are two orders larger in magnitude
than those of the preceding E325 experiment. In otherwords, the aim is to accumulate 1 × 105 to 2 × 105
events for each nuclear target (H, C, Cu, and Pb), anddeduce the dependence of the modiﬁcation on the matter size and meson momentum, which have never beenmeasured. Furthermore, the e+ e− decays of the ρ, ω,
and J/ψ mesons can be measured at the same time.
For this experiment, we plan to use a 1010 -pps, 30GeV proton beam in the high-momentum beam line,
which is being constructed at J-PARC. In order to in∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 221 -

crease the statistics by a factor of 100, we will construct
a large-acceptance spectrometer that can be operated
under 107 Hz nuclear interactions at the target. In
order to cope with such a high-interaction rate, GEM
has been adopted for constructing new tracking and
PID detectors.
The development of the detectors is underway asreported elsewhere3–8) , funded by a MEXT Grant-inAid9) . To summarize, basic studies and beam testsof the two key detectors, the GEM Tracker3,4) andHBD5) , have been performed. For the former, the required performance has almost been achieved. The
speciﬁcation of GEM is ﬁxed and production of GEM
has been underway since 2013. For the latter, stability in a high background environment has been conﬁrmed6) . The GEM speciﬁcation is also ﬁxed and wewill move to production in 2014. The development ofread-out and trigger modules are on going7) . In particular, for the GEM readout, a CERN-made system
has been tested and adopted8) .
Construction of the high-momentum beam line has
been on-going since 2013 by KEK. The ﬁrst beam will
be delivered by the end of JFY 2015. In spite of the radiation accident at J-PARC in May 2013, the plannedschedule of the spectrometer magnet construction has
not changed. Therefore, it is expected to be completed
in Jan. 2015. After completion of the magnet construction, we can start the installation of the detectors
in the magnet. The target day of the construction is
the planned ﬁrst beam, Mar. 2016. Due to the budgetary limitation, our ﬁrst goal of the staged construction plan is to construct one-third of the spectrometer.
References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: J-PARC proposal No. 16(http://j-parc.jp/researcher/Hadron/en/pac_0606/
pdf/p16-Yokkaichi_2.pdf),
Lect. Notes Phys. 781 161 (2009).
2) M. Naruki et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 092301 (2006),
R. Muto et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 042501 (2007).
3) Y. Komatsu et al.: in this report.
4) W. Nakai et al.: in this report.
5) K. Kanno et al.: in this report.
6) D. Kawama et al.: in this report.
7) T. N. Takahashi et al.: in this report.
8) Y. Morino et al.: in this report.
9) Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas 2104: “Elucidation of New hadrons with a Varietyof Flavors”, 2009–2013,
http://www.hepl.phys.nagoya-u.ac.jp/public/new_hadron/index-e.html

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Background estimation and operation test of the GEM detectors for
the J-PARC E16 experiment
D. Kawama∗1 for the J-PARC E16 collaboration

Iron “gate”
LG

Iron

p
Thickness=1
Concrete

Fig. 1. Schematic model of the E16 experiment used in thesimulation. The area is surrounded by concrete blocks,
and is filled by air.

The model used in the E16 background simulation∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 222 -is shown in Fig. 1. Using this model, we estimated theparticle rate at the detector position, which is locatedat approximately 120 cm from the target surroundedby the lead-glass calorimeters. Fig. 2 shows the energy spectra from the beam dump and the target, andreveals that the main contribution is by neutrons ofseveral hundred keV. By integrating these spectra, weestimated the neutron counting rate of the E16 detector to be in the order of 0.1 kHz/mm2 for the beamdump origin and 0.01 kHz/mm2 for the target origin.
10 -4

10 -4

10 -6

10

Flu

rar

nit)
arbitraFlu

In the proposed J-PARC E161) experiment, we will
use a 30 GeV primary proton beam at the J-PARC
high-momentum beam line. Because the beam intensity will be ∼1 × 1010 per spill and expected particle
counting rate is 5 kHz/mm2 at most, we will use two
types of GEM detector: the GEM tracker2) and the
Hadron Blind Detector (HBD)3) . These detectors need
to be operated in high-rate background environment
during the experiment. In a test experiment using the
1.0 GeV/c pion beam at the J-PARC K1.1BR beamline, several breakdowns were observed with HBD (30cm × 30 cm × 100 µmt LCP GEM in CF4 gas, 3 × 103gain). The breakdowns are considered to be caused byhadronic background such as neutrons or slow hadrons,
because we did not observe such breakdowns with electron beams. In addition, no breakdowns were observedwith the GEM trackers (10 cm × 10 cm × 50µmt PI
GEM in Ar/CO2 gas, 1 × 104 gain). Therefore we estimated the background particles and their energies for
the E16 experiment and performed an operation testof the GEM detector in the high-rate neutron background.
The background particle counting rate was estimated using the Geant4 simulation. The simulation
employed the physics list of “QGSP BERT HP”,4)
which includes high-precision treatment of low-energy
neutrons (Ekin < 20 MeV). The validity of this simulation for estimation of background particle counting
rate was checked by comparing the background calculation with PHITS5) calculation6) at the K1.1BR area;
both agreed within a factor of 2. For example, theneutron rate was 0.01 Hz/mm2 at the broken GEM of
K1.1BR case.

10 -8
10 -9

10 -6

10 -3

1

10 3

-6

10 -8
10 -9

10 -6

10 -3

1

10 3

Fig. 2. Energy distribution of the background particles
from the beam dump (left panel) and the target (rightpanel).

We performed an operation test of the GEM detector at AVF cyclotron room in the RIKEN RI beamfactory. The detector includes triple-stack 30 cm × 30
cm × 50 µmt PI GEMs in the CF4 gas. This is thesame configuration as that employed in the E16 experiment. During the operation, a 12 MeV deuteronbeam with an intensity of 10 pµA was used in theroom. The dominant energies of the neutrons were 0.110 MeV according to the Geant4 simulation, and the
GEM detector was operated in the room background.
The neutron radiation level monitored during the operation was 87 mSv/h on average, which is in the order of
1 kHz/mm2 . The counting rate of the GEM itself wasapproximately 10 Hz/mm2 . The GEM could be stably
operated for 15 h without breakdowns with Vgem = 510
V, which corresponds to a gain of 2 × 104 . The total
amount of neutrons corresponds to the 2-month operation in the E16 experimental area. From the test
operation, we can confirm that PI GEMs can work
stably in high neutron background. Further study isnecessary to clarify the reason for stable operation.
References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al., in this report
2) Y. Komatsu et al., in this report
3) K. Kanno et al., in this report4) ”Geant4 reference physics list” in the Geant4 homepage,
http://geant4.cern.ch/5) T. Sato et al., J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 50:9, 913-923 (2013)
6) K. Tanaka, Private communication

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of the tracking detector with large GEM foils for the
J-PARC E16 experiment
Y. Komatsu∗1,∗2 for the J-PARC E16 Collaboration
The J-PARC E161) experiment is proposed to measure the mass spectrum of the ϕ meson in nuclear
matter. In the spectrometer, the momentum of
charged particles is measured using the tracking detectors(called “GEM trackers”) in a magnetic ﬁeld. The
details of the GEM tracker are described elsewhere2)3) .
The development of the tracker with an eﬀective areaof 300 mm × 300 mm is reported in this article. A
schematic view of the 300 mm×300 mm readout board
is shown in Fig. 1. Cartesian strips called “X” and “Y”
are made of copper and patterned on the top and thebottom of a polyimide sheet of thickness 25 µm. For
charge sharing between X and Y, the base polyimide isetched using the chemical method, except just underthe X strips. The glass epoxy of thickness 100 µm is
laid under the Y strips as a support.

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the 300 mm × 300 mm readoutboard. Only a part of the readout board is shown inthis magnified view.

The positions of the strips were measured using acoordinate measuring machine (Nikon VMR-10080).
The coordinates of the cross-points of the left edge ofthe X strips and the upper edge of the Y strips (xij ,yij )(i,j=0,...,71) were measured for every 12 strips. The
subscripts i and j denote the row and column numbers. The deviations of the coordinates of the crosspoints from the mean values were calculated for each
strip and plotted in Fig. 2. The deviationsof the X∑71
and Y strips are deﬁned as xi,j − i=0 xi,j /72 and∑71
yi,j − j=0 yi,j /72. The maximum deviation of the X
and Y strips were 43 µm and 42 µm, respectively. The
deviations were small compared to the spatial resolution of the X and Y strips, which are 100 µm and 400µm, respectively. The precision of the readout strips
was conﬁrmed. GEM foils with an eﬀective area of 300
mm × 300 mm were also fabricated. The average diameters of the holes were 65 µm for copper and 33 µm forpolyimide in the top and the middle GEM of the stack,∗1∗2

Department of Physics, University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 223 -

Fig. 2. The measured deviations of the X and Y strips ofthe 300 mm × 300 mm readout board. The unit of
the color bar is mm and the right (up) direction is the
positive direction in the left (right) figure.

and 56 µm and 27 µm in the bottom for copper andpolyimide, respectively. The spatial resolution of the
GEM tracker was evaluated using positron beams at
the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University. The setup is shown in the left panelof Fig. 3. The GEM tracker was located between two
Silicon Strip Detectors (SSDs). The position resolution was evaluated on the basis of the residual of thehit positions calculated from the hits on SSDs and the
GEM tracker. The obtained residual distribution for
the 0◦ beam is shown in the right panel of Fig. 3. The
residual distribution was ﬁtted with a Gaussian, andthe standard deviation was 73 µm. The requirementof the position resolution is 100 µm, and the 300 mm
× 300 mm GEM tracker has suﬃcient resolution for
the experiment.

Fig. 3. Setup of the beam test (left) and residual distribution of the 300 mm × 300 mm GEM tracker for 0◦beam(right).

References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: In this report.
2) Y. Komatsu et al.: RIKEN Accel. Rep. 45 (2011).
3) Y. Komatsu et al.: RIKEN Accel. Rep. 46 (2012).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of a prototype module for the lead-glass calorimeterreadout and an ASIC for GEM foil trigger for J-PARC E16
experiment
T.N. Takahashi∗1 for the J-PARC E16 Collaboration
Development of detectors for the new spectrometer1) , GEM tracker (GTR), Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) and lead-glass electromagnetic calorimeter(LG), and electronics is currently in progress.
The number of readout channels of LG is about 1100.
Therefore, a dedicated and cost eﬀective readout module has been developed in collaboration with Open-It2) .
The speciﬁcation of the prototype module is listed inTable 1 and the picture is shown in Fig. 1, which hasbenn delivered and is currently undergoing tests. The
prototype module is fabricated as the KEK-VME 6U
standard. The analog input signals are split into twolines, one is fed into the comparator to generate binary
outputs used for trigger primitives, and the other is followed by an analog memory. The analog memory is realized by DRS43) ASIC, which contains 1024 sampling
cells per channel and can store the waveform in a gigahertz range. To extend the analog buﬀer, two channels are cascaded for one analog input on the prototype

Table 1. Specification of the prototype module for the LG.
parameter
number of analog inputs
analog input range
resolution
analog memory
readout time
discriminator out
readout/ slow control
power supply

value
16
0 to -2 V
12 bit2048 samples / channel
30 nsec / sample
LVDS
TCP (100 Mbps) / UDP± 3.3 V (KEK-VME J0 bus)

Table 2. Specification of the GEM trigger ASD.
parameter
input range
shaper time constantpulse width
conversion gain
ENC
number of channel
power supply

value
10 fC – 1 pC
25 ns
< 200 ns
3.0 mV/fC
20000 (Cd = 2 nF)6± 2.5 V

Fig. 2. Pictures of the GEM foil trigger ASIC and its evaluation board.

module. Therefore, 2 µsec analog buﬀer is available if
the sampling speed is set at 1 GHz, which implies thata long delay cable is unnecessary for delaying analog
pulses. The waveform stored in the DRS4 is digitizedby AD9637 at 33 MHz. Since the DRS4 supports areadout only in the region of interest, the dead time
for an analog pulse with the width of ∼100 nsec is expected to be less than ∼5 µsec. The slow control for
setting a discriminator threshold and the data readout
are performed by the Xilinx FPGA Spartan6-LX150
via the Ethernet.
The e+ e− event trigger consists of three-fold coincidence of GTR, HBD, and LG. We will use a cathodeplane of a GEM foil of the most outer GTR chamber.
The GEM foil is divided into 24 segments. Each segment has detector capacitance of 2 nF and its hit rateis expected to be 1-2 MHz in the forward region of
the spectrometer. In order to cope with such a highrate with large input capacitance in the small form
factor, we have developed a new Ampliﬁer-ShaperDiscriminator (ASD) IC with low noise and fast shaping time in collaboration with Open-It. The speciﬁcation is summarized in Table 2 and the photos areshown in Fig. 2. The analog part works nearly as expected. The digital part is currently undergoing tests.
References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: in this report.
2) http://openit.kek.jp/
3) http://www.psi.ch/drs/

Fig. 1. A picture of the prototype module for the LG.
∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 224 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Testing a GEM tracker in a magnetic field for the J-PARC E16
experiment
W. Nakai∗1,∗2 for the J-PARC E16 Collaboration
can be represented astan α =∆xd(1)

Lorentz angle [degree]where d is the distance between the mesh and the readout, and ∆x is a shift in the edge position of chargecluster measured in the non-magnetic ﬁeld to that at
readout. The result is plotted in Fig. 3. We found thatthe result is almost consistent with the calculation but
there exists 14% of systematic diﬀerence. The reasons
behind this systematic error need to be discussed.
ArCO2 (70:30), 760.0 mmHg, 293.15 K

20
18
16
14
12

E field = 300 V/cm (Drift gap)
E field = 600 V/cm (Drift gap)
E field = 900 V/cm (Drift gap)
E field = 1200 V/cm (Drift gap)
E field = 3600 V/cm (Transfer gap)

10
8
6
4
2
0
0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
B field [Tesla]

Fig. 2. The results of simulations using Garfield++ codeswith various drift electric fields.

Lorentz angle [degree]

The J-PARC E16 experiment was conducted to measure the mass modiﬁcation of φ mesons in nuclear matter at J-PARC in order to study the origin of hadronmass. The details of this experiment are presented inanother article of this report1) .
We employed a tracking detector using the Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)2) , and have been developing it
to be a position-sensitive detector in a magnetic ﬁeld
with a magnitude of 1.8 T at the center of the magnet.
To use this detector, a position resolution of 100 µm
up to an incident angle of 30◦ in a high counting rateenvironment up to 5 kHz/mm2 is required. Our GEM
tracker consists of a drift cathode, a triple GEM, anda readout strip board. We chose a strip pitch of 350µm to achieve the required position resolution.
Since the directions of the electric and magnetic ﬁeld
in the drift gap are perpendicular, the drift velocity ofionization electrons is inclined to the E ﬁeld by Lorentz
angle α. Therefore we tested the operation of the detector in a large dipole magnet located at the J-PARC
Hadron Hall in Apr. 2013. The setup is shown in
Fig. 1. A laser with a wavelength of 266 nm was used
to make the primary electrons, and the incident angle
was ﬁxed at 30◦ . The E ﬁelds of the drift gap, transfer
gap, and induction gap were 600 V/cm, 3600 V/cm,
and 3600 V/cm, respectively, and the B ﬁeld was from0.0 T to about 0.7 T.
As shown in Fig. 2, the expected Lorentz angles were
calculated using a Garﬁeld++ toolkit3) . Because theLorentz angle in the drift gap is accidentally almost
equal to that of the transfer and induction gap, electrons should drift straight from where they are generated to the readout strip board. The Lorentz angle α

Lorentz angle

12
10
8
6

Laser

4
1 mm slit

2

Quartz window
Cathode mesh
Drift gap

00E=600 V/cm

Transfer gap
Induction gap

GEM

E=3600 V/cm

∗2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8
B [T]

GEM

Readout

Fig. 1. A schematic view of the setup. Red arrows indicate
the drift directions of electrons.
∗1

0.2

Fig. 3. The measurement of the Lorentz angle as a functionof the magnetic field (black points), and the calculation
using Garfield++ (red line).

GEM

Transfer gap

0.1

Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 225 -

References
1) S.Yokkaichi, et al, in this report
2) F. Sauli, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A386 (1997) 531
3) http://garfieldpp.web.cern.ch/garfieldpp/

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Measurement of photoelectron yield in a hadron blind detector for
the J-PARC E16 experimentK. Kanno∗1,∗2 for the J-PARC E16 collaboration
A hadron blind detector (HBD) has been developed
for the J-PARC E16 experiment.1) The E16 experiment aims to detect the in-medium modiﬁcation of a ϕmeson in a nucleus via the ϕ → e+ e− decay. The HBD
identiﬁes the positrons and electrons by converting theemitted Čerenkov photons in CF4 into photoelectrons
with a CsI photocathode. The converted photoelectrons are ampliﬁed by a triple gas electron multiplier(GEM)2) stack to obtain a signal on readout pads. The
CsI photocathode is evaporated on the surface of the
top GEM of the stack. We perform the measurementin the momentum region (up to 4 GeV/c) where only
positrons and electrons can emit Čerenkov photons in
the HBD. Although almost all of the ionization electrons emitted from charged particles are removed byapplying reversed drift-ﬁeld before the triple-GEM section, a huge amount of such charged particles would
contaminate the HBD signal. Therefore, the detection
yield of the photoelectrons is the most signiﬁcant value
required to discriminate the Čerenkov photons at thetrigger level.
The detection yield of the photoelectrons depends on
the quantum eﬃciency of the CsI photocathode andphotoelectron collection eﬃciency. The collection eﬃciency is deﬁned as the ratio of the number of photoelectrons that are collected and subsequently ampliﬁed by the GEMs to the number of photoelectrons
produced at the CsI photocathode. The collection eﬃciency is, therefore, supposed to depend on the electricﬁeld at the surface of the CsI photocathode, whosestrength is determined by the size and pitch of the
GEM holes.

and pitch sizes of 55 m and 140 m, respectively,
while type-B has the pitch size of 110 m with thesame hole size. The length of the Čerenkov radiator is
50 cm, and the size of the photocathode is 60 cm × 60
cm, which is divided into four parts with size 30 cm ×30 cm, as shown in Fig. 1. For the prototype, one 30
cm × 30 cm type-A photocathode and one 30 cm × 30
cm type-B photocathode were prepared.
Using the prototype HBD, we performed a beam testwith a 1.0 GeV/c positron beam at the Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University.
Figure 2 shows the obtained charge distribution, where
we observed ∼7.6 mean photoelectrons with type-Aand ∼10.7 with type-B.
Because we conﬁrmed that these photocathodes havealmost the same quantum eﬃciency, the diﬀerence inthe detection yield of the photoelectrons is attributed
to the diﬀerence in the photoelectron collection eﬃciency. Based on this result, which fulﬁlls the experimental requirement with type-B GEMs, we have decided to adopt type-B GEMs as the E16 HBD. This is
the ﬁrst result of the HBD made in Japan with large(30 cm × 30 cm) GEMs.

Fig. 2. Charge distribution of two diﬀerent photocathodes.

References
Fig. 1. Photograph (left) and schematic view (right) of the
HBD prototype.

1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: in this report
2) F. Sauli: Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A 386 (1997) 531

To evaluate the pitch dependence of the detection
yield of the photoelectrons, we produced a prototype
HBD with two types of GEMs: type-A has the hole
∗1
∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The
University of Tokyo- 226 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Performance of scalable readout system
Y. Morino ∗1 for the E16 Collaboration
The aim of the E16 experiment to be conducted at JPARC is to study the nature of vector mesons in nuclei
in order to investigate chiral symmetry restoration indense nuclear matter1) . A readout system is required
for measuring the high rate and the large datasets. Our
expected trigger rate is approximately 1 kHz, and the
expected occupancy reached to be 30% at maximum.
We plan to construct a readout system for the
Hadron Blind Detector (HBD) and Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) trackers using APV Hybrid chips andScalable Readout System (SRS) module2) . An APV
chip is an analogue pipeline ASIC3) . The chip consistsof 128 channels of preamplifiers and shapers drivinga 192-column analogue memory. The SRS module isused for the slow control of APV chips, the digitization of analog data from the APV chips, and transfer
of digital data to a computer using UDP/IP4) . The
SRS module has an 8-port HDMI interface to connect
APV chips. Therefore, one SRS module can support
8 Master/Slave APV (16 APV chips) hybrid chips. It
corresponds to 128 × 16 = 2048 detector outputs.
The data size of the SRS output for unit samplingtime per event per channel is 2 bytes. If we take datawith 27 sampling time units which is sufficient length
for the E16 experiment, the entire data size per event
per module is 2 × 2048 × 27 ∼ 110 kBytes. Since
our planned trigger rate is approximately 1 kHz andthe expected occupancy is 30% at maximum, the SRS
module must read out and transfer data at a rate of
110 k×1000 × 0.3 = 33 MBytes/s. A transfer rate of
33 MBytes/s is the requirement of the E16 experiment
for evaluating the performance of the SRS module.
We discovered that the SRS module satisfied the requirement of the E16 experiment. Initially, one SRS
module was connected to a computer. Four ADC channels (corresponding to 512 channels) were read out.
A trigger was generated by a function generator. We
measured the data transfer rate on the computer asfunction of trigger rate. Figure 1(a) shows the measurement results. In Fig. 1(a), the red line represents
the theoretical value at the given trigger rate. Measured values are consistent with the theoretical values until the data transfer rate reaches 110 MBytes/s.
The measured value dropped with the rate, 4 kHz,because a part of the trigger was injected within thedead time of the SRS module. This result satisfies therequirement of the E16 experiment. Next, two SRS
modules were connected to a computer via a network
switch. Then we measured the data transfer rate forthis case. Figure 1(b) shows the measurement results.
The Y-axis in Fig. 1(b) denotes the sum of the trans∗1

RIKEN Nishina Centerfer rate. Black squires denote the results when four
ADC channels were read out in both SRS modules.
Red circles show the results when two ADC channels
were read out in one module and six ADC channels
in the other. These measured values were consistent
with the theoretical values until the transfer rate sum
reached 120 MBytes/s. This result supports that the
network switch do not affect the data transfer rate.
A single computer can handle several SRS modules.
In addition, we confirmed in the same manner thatthe readout performance does not degrade using thezero-suppression process. Since the data transfer was
carried out by using UDP, data loss may occur. Since
the rate of data loss is less than once per 10 hours ofoperation, the efficiency of the data taking will not beaffected by the rejection of the errors at the event build.
Consequently, hardware performance of the SRS module satisfies the requirement of the E16 experiment.

Fig. 1. Data transfer rate.(a)one SRS module. Four ADC
channels were read out (b) two SRS module.Blacksquires show the results when 4/4 ADC channels wereread out. Red circles show the results when 2/6 ADC
channels were read out.

Approximately 95,000 channels must be read out via
the APV chips and the SRS modules. A minimum of
780 APV chips and 49 SRS modules will be necessary.
The number of SRS modules handled by one computer
will be determined based on the writing speed of the
disk. Since the expected occupancy will be about 10%
on an average, one computer may handle 8 ∼ 10 SRS
modules. Therefore, 5 ∼ 6 computers will be used for
DAQ. Further, the performance study with random
trigger is also in progress.
References
1) S. Yokkaichi et al. in this report.
2) S. Yokkaichi et al. , J-PARC Proposal No.16
http://j-parc.jp/researcher/Hadron/en/pac 0606/pdf/p16Yokkaichi 2.pdf
3) https://espace.cern.ch/rd51-wg5/srs/
Documentation/APV User Guide 2.2.pdf4) https://espace.cern.ch/rd51-wg5/srs/
Documentation/SRS Slow Control Manual.pdf- 227 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Status of silicon pixel detector for PHENIX experiment toward
RHIC Run-14
M. Kurosawa,∗1 Y. Akiba,∗1 H. Asano,∗2 K. Boyle,∗1 J. Bryshawskyj,∗3 C. Chen,∗1 T. Hachiya,∗1 M. Lentz,∗4
B. Miljko,∗5 T. Moon,∗1 H. Nakagomi,∗6 R. Nouicer,∗4 C. Pancake,∗7 H. Sako,∗8 S. Sato,∗8 P. Stankus,∗5
T. Sumita,∗1 A. Taketani,∗1 H. Torii,∗1 M. Wysocki,∗5 and the PHENIX VTX group
The silicon vertex tracker (VTX) was installed in the
PHENIX experiment in 2010, and it successfully collected approximately 5 billion events of Au+Au colli√
sions at sN N = 200 GeV in the 2011 RHIC run (Run11) at Brookehaven National Laboratory (BNL). The
main function of the VTX is the separation of heavy
flavor (HF) hadrons, charm and bottom, with the measurement of the distance of closest approach of single
electrons from their decays. The nuclear modification
factor and azimuthal anisotropy for HF were measured,and analysis results have already been reported1) .
The VTX is composed of two inner silicon pixel detectors and two outer silicon strip detectors. The silicon pixel ladder is the basic component of a silicon
pixel detector. The ladder consists of four silicon sensor modules, two readout buses, and a cooling support.
The I/O pads of the silicon sensor module are electrically connected to that of the readout bus via aluminum bonding wires that are encapsulated in epoxy
resin. The silicon sensor module is an assembly of a silicon pixel sensor and four readout chips bump-bondedwith 25-µm-diameter bumps to the silicon sensor. During Run-11, a small fraction of bump bonds were defected due to thermal stress. In addition, some bonding wires were broken due to a thermal stress causedby the difference in the thermal coefficient between theencapsulation and the readout bus. The active areaof a VTX was decreased to 60% because of defectedbump bonds and broken bonding wires. The solutions
for these issues are to change the operation temperature from 0 degree to the room temperature to avoid
thermal stress, and to use a different type of encapsulation. The operation temperature was changed fromthat used in the physics run in 2012.
After the shutdown of the physics run in 2013,
the VTX was dis-assembled at BNL to replace theencapsulation with a different type of encapsulation.
All pixel ladders that had broken wires were sent to
HAYASHI WATCH-WORKS CO., LTD. where pixel
ladders had been mass produced. In total, 15 pixel ladders had been repaired with the yield of almost 100%
during 6 months. A small fraction of dead area (< 1%)
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto Univ.
Department of Physics, City Univ. of New YorkBrookhaven National Laboratory
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Department of Physics, Tsukuba Univ.
Department of Physics, Stony Brook University
Japan Atomic Energy Agency

was remained because of the damage to I/O pads during repair process.
The repaired ladders were electrically tested at
RIKEN before being shipped to BNL, and the final electrical test was performed at BNL before thereassembly of the VTX. The following are the test
items.
(1) Current consumption of a pixel ladder.
(2) Optimization of a reference voltage for DACs on
the readout chip of a pixel module.
(3) Bias voltage dependence of the leakage current
for a silicon pixel sensor.
(4) Response of the pixel ladder to a β source (90 Sr).
No issue was found in all tests. Figure 1 shows the
typical response of a pixel ladder to the β source.

Fig. 1. Response of pixel ladder to a β source. The horizontal and vertical axes represent z and φ direction in
the PHENIX coordinate, respectively. Low gray-levels
represent low number of hits.

Since some pixel ladders had faulty bump bonds,
there is a small fraction of unfixable dead area(< 1%)
in the pixel ladder, and the configuration of pixel ladders in the VTX affects physics data. The optimization of the performance of the pixel detectors had been
done by arranging the configuration based on the test
results at BNL.
The reassembly of the VTX had been successfully
performed at the end of 2013. As a results of the repair work, the active area of the VTX was significantly
improved to about 90%. Final optimization of operation parameters for pixel ladders is ongoing. We willcollect 200 GeV Au+Au collision data with around 10
times more statistics than that collected in Run-11.
References
1) R. Nouicer et al.: Nucl. Phys. A 904-905 (2013) 647c652c- 228 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Construction of PHENIX Silicon Pixel Tracker
H. Torii,∗1 Y. Akiba,∗1 H. Asano,∗1 T. Hachiya,∗1 M. Kurosawa,∗1 T. Moon,∗1 H. Nakagomi,∗1 C. Pankcake,∗2
H. Sako,∗1 S. Sato,∗1 T. Sumita,∗1 A. Taketani,∗1 and the PHENIX VTX group∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Stony Brook University- 229 -

electron and hole pairs are created. If we assume theaverage distance from pixel pads to such the electrons
is 100µm that is in the middle of pixel sensor thickness, the 14,000 electrons distributes on pixel pads likegaussian distribution with 100µm sigma from a naive
estimate. Because one pixel pad has 50 × 425µm, twopixel pads is expected to be more than the thresholdon average.
3

×10

Number of events

The PHENIX experiment is upgraded with a central
silicon vertex tracker1) to enhance its physics capabilities in nearly full azimuthal coverage over |η| < 1.2.
The main goal of the upgrade is to track the production vertex of charged particles with the resolution of
50µm. The central vertex tracker consists of four layers, two layers of silicon pixel type and two layers ofsilicon strip type. The tracker has been constructed in2009 and has been producing fruitful physics results.
During the operation before 2012, the heat cycle during
its operation resulted in about 30% of inactive area on
the constructed silicon pixel type. In this paper, we
will report the status of repairing such the damaged
pixel-type tracker and new construction.
The silicon pixel tracker consists of 10 ladders forinner layer and 20 ladders for outer layer. Each ladder is made of mainly three components; a supporting
thermo-plate, four hybrid sensor, and a readout bus.
The hybrid sensor is made of a silicon sensor plate andfour readout chips, with 32 × 256 readout pixels whose
each size is 50 × 425µm. All the three components
are glued each other by epoxy resin with the thicknessof 100µm ± 30µm while the relative distance between
two hybrid sensor is kept within 15µm accuracy, whichis smaller than the estimated electron-drift diffusionof 20µm. They are electrically connected by 25µm
alminum bonding-wire. The wires are encapsulated bysoft silicon resin in order to prevent any damage froman accidental contact during construction and from vibration caused by the electrical altenative current of
10MHz through the wire and the PHENIX magnetic
field. For the damaged ladder, the electrical connection
together with the silicon encapsulation are redone after
old bonding-wires and old silicon resin are cleaned.
While entire construction procedure, the readout
test by the PHENIX readout system2) using electrical pulse and 0.546MeV beta-ray from Sr90 are performed three times; before the encapsulation, before
the transportation from Wako to RHIC, and before theinstallation. The main goal of the test is to ensure theelectrical connection between the sensor hybrids andthe readout bus and to measure the ratio of the active
pixels to all pixels. The threshold during the test is set
at about 3,000 e− while the nominal noise of the hybrid
sensor is expected to be 200e− . When a minimum ionization particle penetrates the silicon sensor with the
thickness of 200µm, 14,000 electrons are estimated tobe created and collected by pixel pads. The distribution on the pixel pad surface depends on where the

Entries

500000

Mean

2.083

RMS

1.672

5

10

150

104
3

10

102

100

10
1
0

50

0
0

5

5

10

10

15

15

20

25

20
25
Number of pixels

Fig. 1. Number of fired pixels per event in 500k beta-ray
events by Sr − 90 radio active source.

Figure 1 depicts the number of fired pixels per hit.
The average of the number of pixels is 2.1, which isconsistent with the above estimate. This fact enables
us to measure the accurate rate of the active pixel toall pixel by this beta-ray test. Because some beta-ray
enters the silicon sensor with angles due to scatteringin materials between the radioactive source and thesilicon sensor, some gamma-ray produce wider distribution, that is also observed in the figure.
After reparing procedure of 15 ladders, the selected
ones were installed3) with <10% inactive pixels, whichis caused by due to faulty bump-bonding between thesilicon sensor plates and readout chips. For futher improvement, new construction procedure with improved
bump-bonding already started. All hybrids sensor4)
and readout buses are under gluing. At least seven
new ladders will be ready for installation before next
run of RHIC starting in the beginning of 2015.
References
1) A. Taketani, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A541(2005)137-143
2) K. Fujiwara, K. Czech. J. Phys. 55(2005)1639-1643
3) M. Kurosawa et al.: In this report.
4) T. Sumita et al.: In this report.

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Quality assurance test of hybrid sensors for new silicon pixel detector
T. Sumita,∗1 Y. Akiba,∗1 H. Asano,∗1,∗2 T. Hachiya,∗1 M. Kurosawa,∗1 T. Moon,∗1,∗3 H. Nakagomi,∗1,∗4
C. Pancake,∗5 H. Sako,∗1 S. Sato,∗1 A. Taketani,∗1 H. Torii,∗1 and the PHENIX VTX group
A silicon vertex tracker (VTX) was installed in the
PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. The VTX detector consists of two inner layersof silicon pixel detectors and two outer layers of silicon strip detectors. We are currently fabricating newspare pixel detector ladders. A pixel ladder is composed of a mechanical stave, four hybrid sensors, andtwo readout buses. A hybrid sensor is an assembly
consisting of a silicon pixel sensor and four readoutchips (ALICE1LHCb1) ) bump-bonded to the sensor.
One readout chip has 8,192 pixels, with a pixel sizeof 425 µm × 50 µm, organized in 32 columns and
256 rows. For production of new pixel ladders, a quality assurance (QA) test is required for the hybrid sensors. The test was conducted by HAYASHI WATCHWORKS CO., LTD.
Figure 1 shows a schematic of the QA system.
The test system consists of a probe station (SUSS
MicroTec), a probe card, a DAQ adapter board,
VME equipment for a DAQ system, and a Windows
PC2) . The following tests are performed for each sensor.
(1) Current consumption:
The current consumptions of analog and digital
circuits of the chip are measured.
(2) JTAG functionality:
It is confirmed whether the configuration settings in the chip can be controlled by using Joint
Test Action Group (JTAG3) ) protocol.
(3) Minimum threshold:
The minimum threshold in all pixels is determined.
(4) Test with β-ray source (90 Sr):
Faulty bump bonds are evaluated by the source
test.
The sensor is biased at 50 V during the measurements
in items (3) and (4).
The criteria for the hybrid sensor to be used for aladder are as follows.
• Current consumptions of analog and digital circuits must be lower than 350 mA and 270 mA,
respectively.
• The configuration settings in the chip must be
controllable using JTAG protocol.
• The number of defect pixels must be less
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Fig. 1. Schematic of the QA test system.

Fig. 2. Typical result of a readout chip in the source test.
The color of the pixel indicates the number of hits.

than 163 (≈ 2%) in the source test.
A total of 50 hybrid sensors have been tested, and33 hybrid sensors met the criteria. The average number of defect pixels is about 21 (≈ 0.3%). A typicalresult of a readout chip in the source test is shownin Fig. 2. The main reason for failure to meet thecriteria was faulty bump bonds. About one or two
readout chips out of four readout chips on the sensor
may have caused higher current consumption than theupper limit of the criteria.
In summary, we obtained 33 hybrid sensors to be
used for new pixel ladders. Currently, the productionof new pixel ladders using these sensors is underway.
References

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Department of Physics, Yonsei University
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Department of physics, Stony Brook University

1) W. Snoeys et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 466, 366 (2001).
2) M. Kurosawa et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 41, 173(2008).
3) IEEE Std 1149.1.

- 230 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of SOI pixel sensor for environmental radiation
monitor†Y. Sekiguchi,∗1 Y. Arai ,∗2 H. Hamagaki,∗1 and T. Gunji ∗1
We have developed a prototype SOI pixel sensor,
called RADPIX, for a radiation monitor. This is basedon the silion-on-insulator (SOI) pixel CMOS technology and developed by Y. Arai et al.1) The RADPIX
is a monolithic pixel detector that consists of a thin
CMOS readout array (40 nm, 10 Ω), a buried oxide
layer (200 nm), and a thick high-registivity Si-sensor(260 µm, 700 Ω) vertically on a single chip. Figure 1
shows the schematic view of the Nested-Well structure
SOI detector (p-in-n type sensor). The buried N-well
suppresses the back gate eﬀect from the electric ﬁeld inthe sensor and reduces the cross-talk by isolating thesensor from the circuit.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the nested-well SOI structure

RADPIX aims to count the rate of the radiation andto visualize the hit pattern in real time for environmental radiation. From the hit pattern, one can estimate
the radiative source such as beta-ray, γ-ray, or α-ray.
The sensor is a DC-coupled device and the sensor’s
capacitance is in a few tens of femtofarads. The typical leakage current for a 40 µm × 40µm pixel is of
the order of picoamperes at room temperature, whichsaturates the baseline within about 10 ms. Therefore,
this device needs to reduce the leakage current or compensate the current to be able to measure the environmental radiation, which is of the order of 10−2 Hz/cm2
in 1 µSv/h from 137 Cs. The Krummenacher feedback
scheme2) is used for long exposure, which has an individual leakage current compensation circuit. Figure
2 shows the schematic of RADPIX. We implemented
charge-sensitive preamplifers with diﬀerent gains (1fF
and 5fF as feedback capacitors). Two inverter chopper comparators are implemented to generate a trigger
signal, and the latched output can be read from eachpixel. The analog signal is sampled by the 230 fF store
capacitance and is readout from each pixel. This analog information can be used for the pattern recognition∗1∗2

Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo
Institute of Particle and Nuclear studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK- 231 -and identiﬁcation of the radiative source.

Fig. 2. Schematics of RADPIX

Figure 3 shows the pixel-by-pixel gain variation for
two diﬀerent charge-sensitive preampliﬁers. This wasstudied by using test pulses. The average of thegain is 23 µV/electron (RMS∼1.4) and 94 µV/electron(RMS∼5.1) for the low gain type and high gain type,respectively. Position dependence is not found. We
also evaluated the performance of the comparator. Figure 4 shows the counts of comparator output as a function of comparator threshold. We observe a 5%-10%
fake hit rate even at high threshold. This is due to thelarge noise, which shows up when the digital signal isreadout. The reason of the large noise and the strategies for further improvement are under investigation.

Fig. 3. The pixel-by-pixel gain variation: low gain (left)
and high gain (right)

Fig. 4. Counts of comparator output as a function of comparator threshold for four typical pixels : low gain (left)
and high gain (right)

References
1) Y. Arai, et al.; Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A636, 31 (2011).
2) F. Krummenacher; Nucl. Instrum. Methods A 305, 527532 (1991).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

High rate capability of gas ionization chamber with flash ADC
M. Sasano,∗1 D. Nishimura,∗2 H. Baba,∗1 T. Isobe,∗1 S. Kinno,∗2 Y. Kanke,∗2 J. Nagumo,∗2 S. Nishimura,∗1
A. Obertelli,∗1 S. Ota,∗3 , H. Otsu,∗1 E. Takada,∗4 Y. Taguchi,∗2 D. Watanabe,∗2 Y. Zhu,∗2 T. Yoshinobu,∗2 andH307 and H314 collaborations
At world-leading RI beam facilities such as RIBF,
the region of the nuclear chart containing nuclei to bestudied simultaneously, or the yield of every nuclear
species is often restricted by the high rate capabilities
of beam detectors. Herein, we examined the high ratecapability of gas ionization chambers (ICs)1–4) . We
recorded the waveforms of preampliﬁer output signals
using a ﬂash analog-to-digital converter (FADC) andcorrected for the so-called pile-up eﬀect in the oﬄine
analysis, as previously done in a pioneering work4) .
We also shortened the time needed to release ampliﬁed
charge for recovering the ground level from 10 µs, a
commonly used duration, to 1 µs, thereby reducing
the probability of pile-up events.
A test has been performed at the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) during other experimental programs as a parasite setup. Primary beamsof Ne and Xe at 180 and 200 AMeV, respectively, wereincident on our setup, after passing through other experimental setups. As a result, the beam energy wasdegraded and well spread at the location of our setup.
An IC with an eﬀective length of 440 mm composedof 12 cathode and 11 anode planes, each with an areaof 60 mm ϕ and placed at 2-cm intervals, was ﬁlledwith P10 gas at a pressure of 720 Torr and used in our
setup. A positive bias of 400 V was applied to the anode planes to yield a typical drift time of 360-400 ns for2-cm drift length. Five signals, each from two neighboring planes, plus one signal from the last plane werepreampliﬁed with Mesytec MPR-16L, which has a time
constant of 1 µs. After the ampliﬁed signals were split
into two, one part was sent to a CAEN V1740 digitizer with a 62.5-MHz sampling period, and the waveform was recorded. In parallel, using the other part ofthe split signals, the preampliﬁed charge was digitizedwith peak-sensing ADCs (Mesytec MADC32) througha shaping ampliﬁer (Mesytec MSCF-16) with a shaping time of 0.5 µs (σ).
The left window of Fig. 1 shows the correlation between the amplitudes of energy loss in the IC obtainedusing the above two readout methods for the data of
Xe beam at 50 kilo particles per spill (kppp) with aduration time of ∼1 s for each spill. In addition towell-correlated events, there are events in which theamplitude calculated using the conventional method
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science and Technology Physics, Tokyo University of Science
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Accelerator and Medical Physics Dept., National Instituteof Radiological Sciences- 232 -

deviates from the systematics. In such events, thepulse of interest lies on top of the tail of the preceding
pulse, producing an unwanted rise of the amplitude of
the MADC value, as exempliﬁed in the right ﬁgure.
Such eﬀects can be removed by decomposing neighboring pulses through the ﬁtting of the waveforms, as
shown with the red curve in the ﬁgure.
In that example, there are about 10 beam particles
in a time window of 188 µs. After time averaging, thiscan be considered as a beam rate of about 50 kHz in
cyclotron facilities such as RIBF but without a RFperiodic time structure. In the Xe beam, the rate deﬁned thus varies from a few tens of kilohertz to about
200 kHz within each spill. The probability of pile up
as a function of the beam rate is under analysis. The
analysis of the energy resolution requires the correction of the beam energy dependence of the energy loss,
which is ongoing.
In summary, we performed an experiment to test asignal-readout method based on FADCs coupled with apreampliﬁer having a short time constant and showedthat the method is feasible for beam rates up to afew hundreds of kilohertz at least, while the method
based on the shaping ampliﬁer exhibits a pile-up eﬀect
from about several tens of kilohertz. Further analysis
is ongoing.
We acknowledge the staﬀ at HIMAC for their eﬀorts
and support.

Fig. 1. Two dimensional correlation (left) between the amplitudes of the energy loss obtained from the FADC
(vertical axis) and MADC32 (horizontal axis), anda typical waveform for the events enclosed with thedashed curve in the left window (right). See the text
for details.

References
1) A. Stolz, et al.: GSI Scientiﬁc Report, 174 (1998).
2) K. Kimura et al.: Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A538,
608-614 (2005).
3) Y. Sato et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 159 (2013).
4) M. Geoﬀroy Burgunder, Ph. D. thesis, the University of
CAEN (2011).

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of MWDC readout system for the spectroscopy
experiment of η ′ mesic nuclei at GSI and FAIR
H. Yamakami,∗1,∗2 K.-T. Brinkmann,∗3 S. Friedrich,∗3 H. Fujioka,∗1,∗2 H. Geissel,∗1,∗4 R.S. Hayano,∗5
K. Hosomi,∗6 Y. Igarashi,∗7 K. Itahashi,∗1 M. Iwasaki,∗1 V. Metag,∗3 T. Nagae,∗2 M. Nanova,∗3 T. Nishi,∗1,∗5
H. Outa,∗1 K. Suzuki,∗1,∗8 T. Suzuki,∗5 Y.K. Tanaka,∗1,∗5 Y.N. Watanabe,∗1,∗5 and H. Weick∗1,∗4
The η ′ (958) meson has an exceptionally large mass,compared with other pseudoscalar meson such as pions. Theoretically, it has been pointed out that a large
mass reduction (∼100 MeV) is expected at the normal
nuclear density, which leads to existence of an η ′ mesic
nucleus, a bound state of an η ′ meson and a nucleus.
From an experimental observation of η ′ mesic nuclei,
we may take the ﬁrst step to understand the η ′ mass
generation mechanism1) . For this purpose, we perform
spectroscopy of η ′ meson bound states in 11 C nuclei
by missing-mass measurement of the 12 C(p, d) reaction near the η ′ production threshold at the GSI-SIS
facility2) .
In this experiment, a 2.5 GeV proton beam extracted
from SIS synchrotron will be injected into a 12 C target, and the ejectile deuterons with the momenta of∼ 2.8 GeV/c are momentum-analyzed by the fragment
separator(FRS) at a dispersive focal plane with detection of the tracks by two sets of multi-wire drift chamber MWDCs. The ﬁrst experiment is scheduled in July2014.
We are working on upgrading the current DAQ system, particularly the readout of MWDCs. We will
adopt a 64ch all-in-one readout board equipped with
ASD, Flash ADC, and TDC. Almost all the digitalprocesses are designed in the FPGA. This board was
originally designed for Belle-II Central Drift Chamber(CDC)3) . According to Ref. 3), they achieved a deadtime of about 0.5% at a trigger rate of 10 kHz in atest experiment. This is approximately a factor 10 improvement compared to the current (our) system.
The digitalized data are transferred through a network with the SiTCP4) sub-system, which is an implementation of TCP/IP on FPGA. We have been customizing the FPGA program and investigating the potential of the board. In case that the readout board isequipped with performance of reading data at a several kHz trigger, the quality and the quantity of theexperimental data will exhibit signiﬁcant improvementcompared to that of the VME based DAQ without thereadout board.
The readout board is being updated, so as to operate

under a trigger distribution system, which is alreadyadopted in J-PARC hadron experiments. Along withreadout boards, we are developing a new ”sub trigger
module” (STM), for distributing trigger information
including the event tag to each readout board. The
distribution system with STM is useful to ensure theevent matching and to avoid overlooking event slips
among diﬀerent DAQ subsystems.
We will make a performance test of the readoutboard with respect to the radiation tolerance and theDAQ rate, exploiting the opportunity of beamtime at
GSI in July, 2014. By loosening the trigger condition,
the performance under a high trigger rate will also be
evaluated.
In summary, we will introduce a network-based DAQwith the readout board for MWDCs in the η ′ experiment at GSI beyond 2014 and FAIR, which is currently
under construction. As it will enable us to handle ahigher trigger rate, a high-statistics measurement will
be possible by using a more intense beam and/or athicker target.

∗1

References

∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6
∗7
∗8

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Kyoto University
Universität Gießen
GSI
Department of Physics, University of TokyoJapan Atomic Energy Agency
Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK
Stefan-Meyer-Institut für subatomare Physik

Fig. 1. View of 64ch Readout Board.

1) H. Nagahiro, D. Jido, H. Fujioka, K. Itahashi, and
S. Hirenzaki : Phys. Rev. C 87, 045201 (2013).
2) K. Itahashi et al.: Prog. Theor.Phys. 128, 601 (2012).
3) N. Taniguchi et al.: Nucl. Inst. Meth. 732, 540 (2013).
4) T. Uchida : IEEE Transaction on Nuclear Science, vol.
55, no. 3, June 2008.

- 233 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of Trigger Circuit for Forward Vertex Detector at PHENIX
T. Nagashima,*1,*2 W. Saito,*1,*2 and I. Nakagawa*2
The motivation of the PHENIX experiment is to search theorigin of proton spin. The proton spin is 1/2, however, itcannot be explained by valence quarks only. The otherfraction of the proton spin can be carried by gluons, sea
quarks, and their orbital angular momentum. The existing
gluon polarization measurements indicate a small contribution.
However, the present measurement region is limited in therelatively high-x region, where gluons are less populated. A
newly installed detector, Forward Silicon Vertex Detector(FVTX), has the potential to extend the measurements to
low-x region where gluons exist with higher probability.
Moreover, heavy meson production is advantageous for themeasurement of gluon spin as it produces a high gluon purity
in its subprocesses. Thus, the detection of heavy mesons at
forward rapidity region is an ideal probe to measure gluon
polarization. FVTX distinguishes muons decayed from heavy
quarks by measuring the distance of the closest approach
using its precise position measurement near the vertex.
However, the existing high-momentum muon trigger does
not provide sufficient rejection power to detect muons fromheavy flavor origin efficiently because one needs to lower the
momentum threshold. Thus our motivation is to improve therejection power by adding the trigger capability to FVTX as
an additional matching requirement on the existing highmomentum trigger provided by Muon Tracking Chambers.
The FVTX trigger can be formed by pattern matching
between the observed hits and preprogrammed hit patterns to
be a track within the FVTX readout electronics (FPGA).

setup shown in figure 1. As shown in figure 2, the timedifference was 2.8s. Since 13 additional BCLK delay wasinserted in the readout system for some purpose, the true timedifference is expected to be about 15 BCLKs.

Fig.2 Coincidence between calibration pulse (yellow) andtrigger signal (pink)As the next step, the timing measurement using a radiation
source is being conducted to measure the latency, including
the FVTX sensor.
References

1) arXiv:1311.3594, to be published from NIM.

Fig.1 Setup of the timing measurement using a scope and
FVTX readout devices1)
An FVTX detector and its readout system have been set up at
the test bench in RIKEN. It is important to measure thepresent FVTX readout time to know how much time window
allowed (latency) for the new trigger in order to process
signals before the trigger decision. The actual latency
constraint is known to be 17 Beam Clocks (BCLKs) for all thetrigger signals to be received by the Local Level-1 trigger
system. As the first step of the trigger development, the signal
process time in the readout system was measured using the＊1＊2

Department of Physics, University of Rikkyo
RIKEN Nishina Center- 234 -

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Common trigger firmware for GTO
H. Baba,∗1 T. Ichihara,∗1 T. Ohnishi,∗1 S. Takeuchi,∗1 K. Yoshida,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 S. Ota,∗2
and S. Shimoura∗2
The data acquisition (DAQ) system at RIKEN
RIBF1) utilizes the ﬁeld programmable gate array(FPGA)-based logic modules of LUPO2) and GTO3) .
A common trigger ﬁrmware for the GTO has been introduced for experiments in BigRIPS, SHARAQ, EURICA, MINOS, and SAMURAI4) . There are two versions of the common trigger ﬁrmware: 8-trigger/16end-of-busy inputs version and 4-trigger/20-end-ofbusy inputs version. Both versions provide the samefunctionality, and the only diﬀerence between them isthe number of the trigger and busy inputs. Here, wereport on the functionality and timing performance of
the 8-trigger/16-end-of-busy inputs version of the common trigger ﬁrmware.
This ﬁrmware was developed to provide acceptable
triggers, i.e., the common trigger, for all CAMAC and
VME front-end systems. Previously, three logic fanin/out, three latch and one coincidence NIM modules were used to generate the common trigger. However, the developed ﬁrmware can generate the common trigger using only one GTO module. In addition, the remote control capabilities via Ethernet of
the GTO allow us to change the trigger conﬁguration without inserting and removing cables. Common
trigger ﬁrmware consists of trigger multiplexer, multichannel latch, and trigger veto circuits. Figure 1 shows
the functional schematic of the ﬁrmware. The trigger
multiplexer circuit has 8 inputs, and these input signals are enabled by the remote control function. The
multi-channel latch circuit produces the veto signal forthe trigger when CAMAC/VME front-end systems arebusy. There are 16 end-of-busy inputs; therefore, thisﬁrmware can accept up to 16 CAMAC/VME front-end
systems. Each latch signal is triggered by the leadingedge of the accepted trigger, and it is cleared by the
trailing edge of the end-of-busy signal from the frontend system. The trigger veto circuit inhibits trigger
signals when either DAQ is not started or at least oneof the front-end systems is busy. Using these circuits,
the GTO can provide the complete common trigger.
The dead time of the DAQ system is determined by
the slowest front-end system.
To evaluate the timing performance of the common
trigger ﬁrmware, the propagation delay and time jitterare measured. The propagation delay is the time between the trigger input and the accepted-trigger output. These parameters are measured by an Agilent
Technologies U1060A-002 TDC, which has a timing
resolution of 5 ps; the results are shown in Tab. 1.
∗1∗2

Trigger Veto

Ch1
Ch2

Accepted
Trigger

Ch3

Latch

EOB

start
stop

EOB

start
stop

Latch

DAQ start/stop

Fig. 1. Circuit schematic of the common trigger firmware.
EOB is end-of-busy signal from the front-end system.

Table 1. Propagation delay and time jitter.
Channel
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

delay (ns)
15.7
15.9
15.5
15.9
16.2
16.1
16.5
15.8

jitter (ps)
6
6
7
4
7
6
8
5

According to these results, the skew, that is, the maximum diﬀerence between the propagation delay of allchannels, is 1.0 ns. This 1.0-ns skew is not small but
does not present any diﬃculty to the function of thetrigger multiplexer. The maximum time jitter is 8 ps,
which is normal for a NIM logic module.
In summary, the common trigger ﬁrmware for the
GTO has been successfully developed. It allow us toreduce the number of logic NIM modules and change
the conﬁguration remotely. Further, the timing performance of the ﬁrmware is suﬃcient for use as a trigger
circuit.
References
1) H. Baba et al.: Nucl. Inst. Meth. A 616, 65 (2010).
2) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 213(2011).
3) H. Baba et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 213(2013).
4) H. Otsu et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 146 (2013).

RIKEN Nishina Center
Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo- 235 -

1

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Computing and network environment at the RIKEN Nishina Center
T. Ichihara,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 H. Baba,∗1 and H. Takeichi∗1
We are operating the Linux/Unix NIS/NFS cluster
systems1,2) at the RIKEN Nishina Center (RNC).
Figure 1 shows the current configuration of theLinux/Unix servers at the RNC. We have adopted
Scientific Linux as the operation system. The host
RIBF.RIKEN.JP is used as the mail server, NFS serverof the user home directory /rarf/u/, and the NIS master server. Mailing list services are also supported.
This is a core server for the RNC Linux/Unix clusterwith approximately 600 registered user accounts. The
hosts RIBF00/01 are used as SSH login servers to provide access to external users, and as general-purpose
computational servers, printer servers, and gateways
to the RIBF intranet.

In the April of 2013, a 39 TB RAID was added fordata analysis for the EURICA experiment.
The hosts RIBFSMTP1/2 are the mail front-end
servers, and they are used for tagging spam mails andisolating virus-infected mails. Two sets of HP PloLiant
DL-145 G3 were installed in 2007, and they were replaced by DL-320e G8 in 2013. The latest version of
the Sophos Email Protection-Advanced (PMX 6.0.3)
has been installed on these. Figure 2 shows the Mail
trends by the PMX for 30 days. Orange indicates thenumber of spam mails blocked by the IP blocker. Approximately 70 % of the incoming mails are blocked.
The Integrated Digital Conference (INDICO)
system3) has been operated at the host indico.riken.jp
since 2007. We replaced the hardware and software ofthis server in February 2013 in order to improve thefunction and reliability. The indico was updated fromindico 0.94 to 0.99.
The host NISHINA-PREPRINTS is an electricpreprint server. Other servers installed in 2007 suchas ribf00/01 and ribf-exp are planned to be replaced
by DL-320e G8 in this fiscal year.
An anonymous ftp server, FTP.RIKEN.JP, is managed and operated at the RNC. Major Linux distributions, including Scientific Linux, Ubuntu, Debian, etc.,
are mirrored daily at the ftp server for the convenienceof their users and for facilitating high-speed access. A
72 TB RAID system was installed in January 2014 to
replace two old RAID systems to ensure the high reliability of the operation.

Fig. 1. Configuration of the RIBF Linux cluster.

The file servers RIBFDATA02/03 and analysis
servers RIBFANA01/02/03 are mostly used to store
and analyze experimental data at RIBF. We have a
156 TB RAID system to store the experimental data.
∗1

Fig. 2. Mail Trends: Message categories by PMX.

RIKEN Nishina Center- 236 -

References
1) http://ribf.riken.jp/comp/2) T. Ichihara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 214(2013).
3) http://indico-software.org/

Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CCJ operation in 2013
Y. Ikeda,∗1 H. En’yo,∗1 T. Ichihara,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 and S. Yokkaichi∗1
1

Table 1. Limitation of number of job slots from LSF queuewith cluster node.

Overview

The RIKEN Computing Center in Japan (CCJ)1)
commenced operations in June 2000 as the largest oﬀsite computing center for the PHENIX2) experimentbeing conducted at the RHIC3) . Since then, the CCJ
has been providing numerous services as a regional
computing center in Asia. We have transferred several
hundred TBs of raw data ﬁles and nano data summary tape (nDST) ﬁles, which is a term for a typeof summary data ﬁles at PHENIX, from the RHIC
Computing Facility (RCF)4) to the CCJ. The transferred data ﬁles are ﬁrst stored in a High Performance
Storage System (HPSS)5) before performing the analysis. The CCJ maintains suﬃcient computing power for
simulation and data analysis by operating a PC cluster
running a PHENIX-compatible environment.
A joint operation with the RIKEN Integrated Cluster of Clusters (RICC)6) was launched in July 2009.
Twenty PC nodes have been assigned to us for dedicated use, sharing the PHENIX computing environment.
Many analysis and simulation projects are being carried out at the CCJ, and these projects are listed on the
web page http://ccjsun.riken.go.jp/ccj/proposals/.
As of December 2013, CCJ has been contributed 31
published papers and more than 33 doctoral theses.
2

Configuration

2.1 Calculation nodes
In our machine room 258/260 in the RIKEN mainbuilding, we have 28 PC nodesa) , and these nodes havebeen used for the analysis of the PHENIX nDST data.
Table 1 lists the numbers of job slots, CPU threads,
and CPU cores, and the number of nodes (there is
no change in 2013). These nodes are operated using
a data-oriented analysis scheme that carries out optimization using local disks7)8) . The OS on the calculation nodes is Scientiﬁc Linux (SL) 5.39) , and the same
OS works on the 20 nodes at the RICC. As a batchqueuing system, LSF 8.0.010) and Condor 7.4.211) wererun on the CCJ and RICC nodes, respectively, as of
Dec 2013.
Table 2 lists the numbers of malfunctioned SATA
or SAS disks in the HP servers (including NFS/AFS
servers described in the next section).
∗1a)

RIKEN Nishina Center
HP ProLiant DL180 G5 with dual Xeon E5430 (2.66 GHz,
4 cores), 16 GB memory and 10 TB local SATA data disks
for each node, and HP ProLiant DL180 G6 with dual Xeon
X5650 (2.66 GHz, 6 cores), 24 GB/20 TB as above, for eachnode

- 237 -

CCJ-hp1
CCJ-hp2
RICC
Total

Nodes
18
10
19
47

Cores
144
120
152
416

Threads
144
240
152
536

Jobs
180
200
144
524

Table 2. Malfunctioned HDDs in 2011, 2012, and 2013

Yype
SATA
SAS

Size
1 TB
2 TB
146 GB
300 GB

Total
192
120
38
24

Malfunctioned
2013
2012
16
20
2
5
0
1
0
0

2011
9
4
1
1

2.2 Data servers
Two data servers (HP ProLiant DL180 G6 with 20
TB SATA raw disks) are used to manage the RAID
framework of the internal hard disks, which containthe user data and nDST ﬁles of PHENIX. The disks
are not NFS-mounted on the calculation nodes to prevent performance degradation by process and network
congestion. These disks can be accessed only using
the “rcpx” command, which is the wrapper programof “rcp” developed at CCJ, and it has an adjustable
limit for the number of processes on each server.
The Domain Name System, Network Information
System, Network Time Protocol, and Network File
System servers are operated on the server ccjnfs20b)with a 10-TB FC-RAID, where the users’ home andwork spaces are located. The home and work spaces
are formatted with VxFS 5.012) . The backup of homespaces on ccjnfs20 is saved to another disk server oncea day and to HPSS once a week. The backups on HPSS
are stored for three weeks.
2.3 HPSS
Since Dec 2008, the HPSS servers and the tape robot
have been located in our machine room, although they
are owned and operated by RICC. The speciﬁcationsof the hardware used can be found in the literature13) .
The amount of data and the number of ﬁles archived in
the HPSS were approximately 1.7 PB and 2.1 million
ﬁles, respectively, as of Dec 2013. Table 3 lists the ﬁlesand the current class of service (COS) in the HPSS.
No new ﬁle has been added in 2013.
b)

SUN Enterprise M4000 with Solaris 10Ⅱ-9. Instrumentation

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Table 3. DST and raw data files in HPSS on Dec 31, 2013

Run
1
2
3
4
5
6
8
9
10
11
12
Total

3

DST
Size [TB]
COS
42,3,100
24 2,3,4,100
10
2,3,6
14
2,3
287 2,3,6,100
92
3,6,100
22
3
106
3,7
32
3
142
3
3
3
736

Raw data
Size [TB]
COS
3
3,205
36 1,3,5,205
46
100,205
11
205
292
5,205
339
11,100
128
12
13
0
0
0
854

Data transfer from BNL and the PHENIX
software environment

Data collected during the PHENIX experiment wastransferred from the RCF to the CCJ using grid-FTP
16)
through the science information nework (SINET)
4 (maintained by NII17) ) with a 10 Gbps bandwidth.
The data which transfered from BNL is moved to local disks on the HP calculation nodes and the HPSS.
The ﬁles are transferred using grid-FTP at a maximum speed of about 300 MB/s. Two PostgreSQL14)
server nodes are operated for the PHENIX database,whose data size was 285 GB as of Dec 2013. The data
are copied from the RCF everyday and made accessible to the users. One AFS15) server node is operated
for the PHENIX AFS. The size of the libraries for the
PHENIX analysis setup was 1.7 TB as of Dec 2013.
The libraries are also copied from the RCF by AFS
everyday.
3.1

Uninterruptible power-supply system(UPS)
The power consumption of the CCJ system, excluding the HPSS, is about 25 kW, and the power is supplied through ﬁve UPSs (10.5 kVA each) as of Dec
2013. For the HPSS, there is one 7.5-kVA UPS for 100
V and three 10.5-kVA UPSs for 200 V purchased by
CCJ. The batteries of the three UPSs expire in 2014
(One have expired in 2013).
3.2 Login server upgrade
CCJ had two login servers, ccjsun (HP Proliant
DL145) with SL 5.3 and ccjgw (Supermicro 5011E)
with CentOS 3, in 2012. The ccjgw server was upgraded to the HP Proliant DL145 with SL 5.3 in 2013.
References

1) S. Yokkaichi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, p228
(2011).
2) http://www.phenix.bnl.gov/- 238 -

3) http://www.bnl.gov/rhic/4) https://www.racf.bnl.gov/5) http://www.hpss-collaboration.org/
6) http://accc.riken.jp/ricc/
7) T. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, p167
(2010)
8) J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 331, 072025 (2011).
9) http://www.scientificlinux.org/
10) http://www-03.ibm.com/systems/technicalcomputing/platformcomputing/products/lsf/index.html
11) http://www.cs.wisc.edu/condor/description.html
12) Veritas file system (Symantec Corporation).
13) S. Yokkaichi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, p223
(2009).
14) http://www.postgresql.org/
15) http://www.openafs.org/
16) http://www.globus.org/toolkit/docs/latest-stable/
gridftp/17) http://www.nii.ac.jp/

III. RESEARCH ACTIVITIES II(Material Science and Biology)

1. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Ion)Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Beta-NMR study of 58 Cu in Si
M. Mihara,∗1 Y. Ishibashi,∗2 Y. Abe,∗3 Y. Kamisho,∗1 Y. Morita,∗1 J. Ohno,∗1 M. Tanaka,∗1 S. Shinozaki,∗1
R. Kambe,∗1 M. Fukuda,∗1 K. Matsuta,∗1 A. Ozawa,∗2 D. Nagae,∗2 S. Inaba,∗2 S. Okada,∗2 Y. Saito,∗2
H. Ueno,∗3 K. Yamada,∗3 T. Izumikawa,∗4 T. Ohtsubo,∗5 S. Momota,∗6 D. Nishimura,∗7 T. Suzuki,∗8
T. Yamaguchi,∗8 Y. Kobayashi,∗9 K. Imamura,∗10 X. Yan,∗3,∗11 T. Nagatomo,∗12 T. Minamisono,∗1
M. Takechi,∗13 M. Ogura,∗1 K. Matsukawa,∗14 K. Shirai,∗15 and T. Fujimura∗15
pinging a 58 Ni primary beam at 63 MeV/u, provided
by the RIKEN ring cyclotron with a typical intensityof 100 particle nA, on a 0.5-mm thick Be target. Fully
stripped 58 Cu29+ ions were separated by the RIKEN
projectile fragment separator (RIPS) and were implanted into a single crystal sample of B-doped Si at 15
K with the crystal 001 orientation set parallel to theexternal magnetic ﬁeld B0 = 0.93 T, the same condition as in the previous experiment. A pair of resonancefrequencies ν± was searched for by changing both ν0and νQ , using the β-NQR technique in which two frequencies were applied in series as ν− → ν+ → ν−during the RF duration to inverse spin polarizationof 58 Cu.
The resonance was found at ν0 ∼4.1 MHz and νQ∼2.6 MHz. The νQ spectrum at ν0 = 4.00−4.15 MHz isshown in Fig. 1, from which νQ = 4eqQ/3h(3cos2 θ −1)= (2.6 ± 0.4) MHz was obtained. The EFG q will beobtained using the known Q moment of 58 Cu5) after
determining the angle θ between the main axis of the
EFG and B0 from the crystal orientation dependenceof νQ . |µ[58 Cu]| = (0.58 ± 0.01)µN was obtained from
ν0 , which is in agreement with the data reported byVingerhoets et al.5) The diﬀerence between the presentµ[58 Cu] and the previous one4) is mostly explained by
the quadrupole splitting.
0.6

58

0.4

Cu in Si (15 K)

0.2

AP (%)

Cu impurities in Si devices are considered serious
contaminants. The short-lived β emitter 58 Cu (I π =1+ , T1/2 = 3.2 s) is attractive for studying the behavior of Cu impurities in Si using the β-NMR technique,which will provide unique information on the mechanism of fast Cu diﬀusion1) or the property of Cudopant complex that is related to the gettering technique.2) The N = Z odd-odd nucleus 58 Cu, consistingof 56 Ni plus one proton and one neutron, is also interesting in terms of the nuclear moment, from which we
can study the proton-neutron interaction in pf -shell
nuclei.3)
We detected an NMR signal of 58 Cu in Si in 2010,
and the magnetic dipole moment |µ[58 Cu]| = (0.46± 0.03)µN was obtained.4) In 2011, Vingerhoets etal. greatly improved the measurement accuracy using collinear laser spectroscopy, achieving µ[58 Cu] =+(0.570 ± 0.002)µN ,5) which is about 20% larger thanours. One possibility for the discrepancy is the existence of an electric ﬁeld gradient (EFG) which could
be generated if some defects are formed at a 58 Cu sitein Si, though a cubic symmetry site without EFG is
expected in terms of the crystal structure of Si. If the
EFG exists, the NMR spectrum should split into twolines with frequencies of ν± = ν0 ± νQ /2 in the caseof I = 1, where ν0 and νQ are the carrier frequency
and the quadrupole splitting frequency, respectively.
In this case, our previous NMR line may have originated from ν− . In the present study, we have applied
the multi-radiofrequency (RF) (β-NQR) technique6) tothe β-NMR measurement of 58 Cu in Si to search for aquadrupole splitting in order to verify the above picture and to solve the discrepancy problem.
The experimental method is similar to our previous one.4) Spin-polarized 58 Cu nuclei were produced
through the charge exchange reaction of 58 Ni by im-

0.0

-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
-0.8

<001> // B0 = 0.93 T
0

1000

2000

3000

Q (kHz)4000∗1

Department of Physics, Osaka University
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba∗3 RIKEN Nishina Center∗4 Radioisotope Center, Niigata University∗5 Department of Physics, Niigata University∗6 Kochi University of Technology∗7 Department of Physics, Tokyo University of Science∗8 Department of Physics, Saitama University∗9 The University of Electro-Communications∗10 Meiji University∗11 Peking University∗12 IMSS, KEK∗13 GSI∗14 SUMCO, Co.
∗15 ISIR, Osaka University∗2

Fig. 1. Beta-NQR spectrum of 58 Cu in Si.

References
1) A.A. Istratov and E.R. Weber: J. Electrochemical Soc.
149, G21 (2002).
2) S.M. Myers et al.: J. Appl. Phys. 88, 3795 (2000).
3) M. Honma et al.: Phys. Rev. C 69, 034335 (2004).
4) M. Mihara, et al.: Hyperfine Interact. 197, 143 (2010).
5) P. Vingerhoets et al.: Phys. Lett. B 703, 34 (2011).
6) M. Mihara et al.: Hyperfine Interact. 136/137, 339(2001).

- 239 -

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Observation of hyperfine resonance of 87 Rb in superfluid helium
toward laser spectroscopy of atoms with exotic nuclei
K. Imamura,∗1,∗2 T. Furukawa,∗3 T. Wakui,∗4 X. F. Yang,∗5 Y. Mitsuya,∗2 T. Fujita,∗6 M. Hayasaka,∗7
S. Kishi,∗7 T. Sagayama,∗7 Y. Ichikawa,∗1 H. Shirai,∗8 T. Suzuki,∗8 Y. Ebara,∗3 T. Sato,∗8 Y. Otomo,∗8
S. Kojima,∗8 A. Hatakeyama,∗9 T. Kobayashi,∗10 H. Odashima,∗2 K. Asahi,∗8 H. Ueno,∗1 and Y. Matsuo∗11
We have developed a new nuclear laser spectroscopy technique called OROCHI (Optical RI-atoms
Observation in Condensed Helium as Ion-catcher).
OROCHI is a laser spectroscopy method based on the
combination of the laser-microwave (MW)/radio frequency (RF) double resonance technique and superﬂuid helium (He II) as a host matrix1) . In OROCHI,a highly energetic ion beam is injected into He II.
The Injected ion is decelerated, neutralized, and slowly
ﬂoated in He II. We measure the Zeeman and hyperﬁne
structure (HFS) splitting energy to determine nuclear
spins and moments. So far, we have successfully deduced the nuclear spins and moments of stable 85,87 Rb,
133
Cs, 107,109 Ag, and197 Au atoms introduced into He
II using the laser ablation technique. Furthermore, we
successfully observed the Zeeman resonance of 85 Rb
and radioactive 84 Rb produced by the projectile fragmentation2) . Since the transition probability of the
HFS resonance is small than that of the Zeeman resonance, HFS splitting of the injected Rb atoms is notobserved in He II. Recently, we observed for the ﬁrst
time the HFS resonance of an energetic ion beam of87
Rb atoms injected into He II.

circularly polarized CW Ti:S laser light (laser power:
100 mW, laser diameter: 2 mm). The laser wavelength was tuned to the D1 absorption line of Rb atoms
in He II (780 nm)4) . The laser-induced ﬂorescencephotons from laser-excited 87 Rb atoms were collected,
wavelength-separated, and detected using a photodetection system5) . To preserve the atomic spin polarization, we applied a static magnetic ﬁeld of 2.2(1) G
using a pair of Helmholtz coils placed along the laser
beam axis. In addition, we irradiated MW (power:
typically a few watts ) generated by an oscillator andan ampliﬁer through an MW loop antenna locatedabove the detection region. By sweeping the MW frequency, we observed HFS resonance as shown in ﬁgure
2. The obtained spectra clearly show the eﬀect of the
HFS resonance. Since the resonance frequencies of thespectra shift depending on the polarization of the laser
light, we observed the case for both σ + and σ − polarization. By taking the average of two frequencies, we
could obtain the HFS splitting energy of 87 Rb atoms in
He II. The asymmetric shape of the spectra is mainly
attributed to the inhomogeneity of the applied magnetic ﬁeld.

Fig. 1. Schematic layout of the experimental setup.

Figure 1 shows the schematic layout of the experimental setup in the superﬂuid helium cryostat. The
87
Rb beam from the RIPS separator was injected into
He II. The stopping position of the genetic ion beam
could be adjusted using two Al degraders of various
thicknesses located in front of the cryostat3) . The
stopped 87 Rb atoms were subjected to irradiation by∗1

Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Meiji University∗3 Department of physics, Tokyo Metropolitan University∗4 CYRIC, Tohoku University∗5 School of physics, Peking University∗6 Department of physics, Osaka University∗7 Department of physics, Tokyo Gakugei University∗8 Department of physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology∗9 Department of applied physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology∗10 Laser Technology Laboratory, RIKEN∗11 Department of advanced science, Hosei University∗2- 240 -

Fig. 2. Observed spectra with an applied static field of
2.2(1)G. The laser polarization is a) σ + and b) σ − .

In conclusion, we have been developing OROCHI
that can be applied to investigate the structure of unstable nuclei. We successfully performed double resonance experiments using energetic ion beams. Fromthese results, we conﬁrmed the feasibility of OROCHI,
and we are now ready to extend our method to atoms
with exotic nuclei.
References
1) T. Furukawa et. al.: Hyp. Int. 196, 191 (2010).
2) T. Furukawa et al.: RIKEN. APR. 46, xi (2013).
3) X. F. Yang et al.: NIM B. 317, 599 (2013).
4) Y. Takahashi et al.: Phys. Rev. Let. 71, 1035 (1993).
5) A. Sasaki et al.: RIKEN. APR. 44, 204 (2011).

1Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Search for efficient laser resonance ionization schemes
schemes for Ta an
and W in KISS
M. Mukai,＊1 Y. Hirayama,＊2 N. Imai,＊2 H. Ishiyama,＊2 S.C. Jeong,＊2 H. Miyatake,＊2
M. Oyaizu,＊2 Y.X. Watanabe,＊2 Y.H. Kim,＊3 and S. Kimura＊1
In KISS (KEK Isotope Separation System) 1), laser
resonance ionization is employed for the element-selective
ionization of multi-nucleon transfer reaction products. We
searched for efficient laser resonance ionization schemes fortantalum (Z = 73) and tungsten (Z = 74), which are theelements that are studied in KISS.

Fig. 1 Two-color laser resonance ionization
Fig. 1 shows a schematic view of two-color laser
resonance ionization. An atom is element-selectively
excited by the first step laser with a wavelength of λ1.
Through the second step laser with a wavelength of λ2, theatom then transits from the excited state to an
auto-ionization state (AIS), which is located above theionization potential. The AISs having ionization efficiencies
that higher than that by means of the continuum by morethan ten times are searched for in general. 2)
We used wavelength-tunable dye lasers pumped byexcimer lasers to obtain laser beams of 2λ1 and λ2. The
wavelength λ1 in the ultraviolet ray region is generated fromthe 2λ1 wavelength by using a second harmonic generator,
which consists of a non-linear crystal of BBO. Both lasers
are transported into a reference cell that was newly made tosearch for ionization schemes in off-line experiments. The
lasers were focused on a spot of a few mm2 between
ion-acceleration electrodes. Neutral atoms were evaporated
from a filament and ionized by laser irradiation between theelectrodes. Ions were accelerated by the electrodes anddetected by a channeltron at about 30 cm away from theionization region. The ions were mass-analyzed bymeasuring the TOF. The mass resolving power wasmeasured to be 12.3%.
We scanned λ2 to search for AISs; then, we measured
laser-ionized atoms by means of the AIS by changing thepower of the respective lasers. The λ1s were selected fromthe known excited states that had a high Einstein A
Department of Physics, University of Tsukuba
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies (IPNS), High Energy
Accelerator Res Org. (KEK)＊3
Seoul National University＊1＊2

coefficient.3) We deduced the photon absorption crosssection  ,   of each transition by fitting the solution
from rate equations2, 4) to the laser power dependence of ion
counts. The rate equations express the time evolution of thenumber of atoms in the ground state, the excited state, and
the AIS. In addition to those states, we considered theintermediate states, where the atoms decay from the excitedstate, and are located above the ground state. The excitation
rate (ionization rate) is proportional to the photon
absorption cross section of the transition from the groundstate (the excited state) to the excited state (the AIS). These
rates are also proportional to the photon densities of the λ1
laser and λ2 laser. We deduced the laser powers required forthe saturation conditions of ionization probability in the
KISS gas cell from the determined photon absorption crosssections.
For tantalum, λ2 was scanned from 410 to 425 nm with λ1= 264.8258 nm, so that four strong peaks were observed.
The strongest peak at 421.652 nm yielded σ12 = 4.8 ± 0.5(stat.) ± 1.0 (syst.) ×10-15 cm2, σi = 2.0 ± 0.2 (stat.) ± 0.8(syst.) ×10-16 cm2. The laser powers required for the overlap
in the gas-cell (φ10 mm) were P1 ~ 0.5 mJ/pulse, P2 ~ 29.3
mJ/pulse. On the other hand, for tungsten, λ2 was scanned
from 404 to 414 nm with λ1 = 245.2737 nm, so that twostrong peaks were observed. The stronger peak at 404.393
nm yielded σ12 = 4.5 ± 0.6 (stat.) ± 0.6 (syst.) ×10-16 cm2, σi= 7.5 ± 0.7 (stat.) ± 1.6 (syst.) ×10-17 cm2. The laser powers
required for the overlap in the gas-cell (φ10 mm) were P1 ~5.5 mJ/pulse, P2 ~ 241.9 mJ/pulse. These powers required
are too high for our laser system to achieve saturation. In
our laser system, the maximum laser power isapproximately 200 µJ for the first step laser and about 2 mJ
for the second step laser. The ionization probability
achieved using our laser system is expected to be as low as
11% for tantalum and 0.33% for tungsten. We will searchfor other λ2 values in different wavelength regions with thecurrent λ1 and also look for AISs with different λ1 values.
The resonance structure of the AIS might be affected by
the isotope shift of the wavelength. We are going to increase
the mass resolving power of the reference cell byintroducing electric lenses and a longer flight tube, which
will provide us with further information on the AIS.
References

1) S.C. Jeong et al.: KEK Report 2010-2.
2) Y. Hirayama et al.: J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 47 (2014)
075201.
3) C.H. Corliss and W.R. Bozman: NBS Monograph 53 (1962).
4) V.S. Letokhov: Laser Photoionization Spectroscopy (Orlando,
FL: Academic, 1987).

- 241 -

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Reaction-rate measurements of cold ion-polar molecule reactions
using a combined Stark-velocity-filter–ion-trap apparatus†
K. Okada,∗1,∗2 T. Furukawa,∗2 T. Takayanagi,∗2 H. A. Schuessler,∗3 and M. Wada∗1
Cold molecules and their ions are attractive subjectof research in the fields of fundamental physics and cold
chemistry. With regard to cold chemistry, the reactionrate constants of cold ion-molecule reactions are important information for studying the chemical evolutionof interstellar clouds1) . Recently, we have developed a
combined Stark-velocity-filter–ion-trap apparatus formeasuring the reaction rate between cold trapped ionsand slow polar molecules under ultra-high vacuum conditions2) . We experimentally measured the reaction
rates between sympathetically cooled N2 H+ ions andvelocity-selected polar molecules, namely CH3 CN.
The measurement procedure is as follows. First, we
produce a Ca+ Coulomb crystal in a linear Paul trap.
Then a nitrogen gas of about 1×10−7 Pa is introduced
into the vacuum chamber, and an electron beam is incident to the center of the ion trap in order to produceN+
2 ions by electron impact ionization. Because themass of the nitrogen molecular ion is lighter than thatof Ca+ , the molecular ions are more tightly boundedby the trapping potential and accumulate near the trap
axis. After the preparation of cold N+
2 ions, a hydrogengas of about 6×10−6 Pa is introduced into the vacuum+
chamber. All N+
2 ions change into N2 H ions via the++reaction of N2 +H2 → N2 H + H in a reaction timeof 240 s3) .
After the preparation of cold N2 H+ ions, we irradiated the velocity-selected CH3 CN molecules tothe two-species Coulomb crystal containing Ca+ andN2 H+ ions. Figure 1(a) shows the snapshots of
the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) images of the
Coulomb crystal at several reaction times. The darkarea containing N2 H+ progressively decreases with increasing reaction time owing to the progress of CH3 CN+ N2 H+ → CH3 CNH+ + N2 reactions. We also observed an increase in the sparse dark area in the outer
peripheral region of the Ca+ Coulomb crystal because
a part of the reaction products (CH3 CNH+ ) is trapped.
Under the present experimental conditions, the average reaction energy is estimated to be approximately
3 K2) .
In order to obtain the reaction rate, we determine
the relative number of molecular ions from the volumeof the dark area in the observed fluorescence images
under the assumption of a constant number density at
0 K. Figure 1(b) shows the decay curve of the relative number of N2 H+ ions as a function of the reac†

∗1
∗2
∗3

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. A87, 043427(2013)
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, Sophia University
Department of Physics, Texas A&M University- 242 -

tion time. In this example, the reaction rate is determined to be 2.4(4)×10−3 s−1 . We performed 9 measurements and obtained an averaged reaction rate of2.0(2)×10−3 s−1 . Using the number density of thevelocity-selected CH3 CN, which was separately determined, the reaction-rate constant was also determined
to be 1.7(6)×10−8 cm3 s−1 . The main reason for theerror is considered to be the uncertainty in the number density of CH3 CN2) . The present reaction-rate
constant is consistent with the estimated capture rate,
kts = 3.6×10−8 cm3 s−1 , using the trajectory-scaling
formula4) , which is considered to be the maximum
value of the reaction-rate constant. In the future, thepresent velocity filter combined with a cryogenic trap
apparatus will enable us to perform systematic measurements of cold ion-polar molecule reactions, which
are important problems from a fundamental viewpointand contribute to astrochemistry.

Fig. 1. (a) Sequential LIF images of the two-species
Coulomb crystal containing Ca+ and N2 H+ during
CH3 CN + N2 H+ → CH3 CNH+ + N2 reactions. (b)Plot of the relative number of N2 H+ ions as a functionof the reaction time.

References
1) V. Wakelam, et al.: Space Sci. Rev. 156 13 (2010).
2) K. Okada, et al.:Phys. Rev. A 87 043427 (2013).
3) D. Smith, et al.: J. Chem. Phys. 69, 308 (1978).
4) T. Su, et al.: J. Chem. Phys. 76 5183 (1982).

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Effects of 2.6-GeV uranium irradiation on(Ba,K)Fe 2 As 2 single crystals
T. Tamegai,1 T. Taen,1 F. Ohtake,1 S. Pyon,1 T. Kambara,2 Y. Kanai,3 and A. Yoshida2
Through extensive studies on the recently discoverediron-based superconductors (IBSs), the transition
temperature Tc in rare-earth-based iron-oxyarsenides has
been increased up to ∼55 K within a short period of time.
However, the critical current density, Jc, at low
temperatures is not large enough. Despite the lower Tc in
IBSs compared with that in cuprate superconductors, IBSs
have smaller electromagnetic anisotropies and areconsidered to be attractive for practical applications. Jc canbe enhanced by introducing artificial pinning centers. It is
well known that the most efficient way to improve the Jc
characteristics is to pin vortices with columnar defects(CDs) created by swift particle irradiations. In
high-temperature superconductors, the existence of CDs
enhances Jc dramatically.1)
One of the most extensively studied IBSs,
Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As2, with the highest Tc (~24 K) is readily
available in a large single crystal. Its Jc reaches 1x106
A/cm2 at T = 2 K, which is potentially attractive fortechnological applications. We expect that Jc in
Ba(Fe1−xCox)xAs2 can be enhanced by introducing CDs thatcan pin vortices. However, it is well known thatmorphologies of irradiation-induced defects strongly
depend on various parameters such as ion energy, stopping
power of incident ions, thermal conductivity, and perfectionof the target crystal. Hence, it is still an open question as towhat kind of defects can be created in IBSs under a specificcondition. Our preliminary study using 200 MeV Au ions
has successfully demonstrated that CDs can be introduced
and Jc is enhanced by a factor of 5 at low temperatures.2) In

H (kOe)Fig. 2. Magnetic field dependence of Jc in 2.6-GeV
U-irradiated (Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 (B = 2 T).
Φ

our previous irradiation in IBS performed at RIKEN, wehave used heavier and more energetic 2.6 GeV Uranium (U)ions and found that U also enhances Jc in
Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As23). In this case, however, magnetic
hysteresis loop shows an interesting dip structure at low
magnetic fields; such a dip has not been observed in thecase of Au irradiation. One of the possible origins for thisdip is that pinning by CDs is not effective in the remanentstate of a thin-plate superconductor, where flux lines have astrong curvature due to the strong demagnetization effect.4)
This year, we have explored similar irradiation effects onanother promising IBS, (Ba1−xKx)Fe2As2. Figure 1 shows
the magnetic hysteresis loops of the 2.6-GeV U-irradiated(Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 at B = 2 T and at low temperatures.
Except for temperatures close to Tc and 2 K, the width of
the hysteresis loop is diminished at lower fields, which issimilar to the dip structure observed in the case of the
U-irradiated Ba(Fe1−xCox)2As23). In. Fig. 2, we convert thewidth of the hysteresis loop into Jc using the Bean model.
After the irradiation, Jc at T = 2 K under a self-field reaches
7x106 A/cm2, which is larger than that in the case ofBa(Fe1−xCox)2As2. It should be noted that Jc at T = 25 K and
H = 45 kOe is ~2x105 A/cm2, which is larger than thetechnologically required value for superconducting wires.
Φ

References

Fig. 1. Magnetic hysteresis loops of 2.6-GeV U-irradiated(Ba0.6K0.4)Fe2As2 (B = 2 T) at several fixed temperatures.
ΦDepartment of Physics, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Center
3
Atomic Physics Laboratory, RIKEN
1
2- 243 -

1) L. Civale et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 648 (1991).
2) Y. Nakajima, Y. Tsuchiya, T. Taen, T. Tamegai, S. Okayasu,
and M. Sasase: Phys. Rev. B 80, 012510 (2009).
3) H. Yagyuda, Y. Nakajima, T. Tamegai, Y. Kanai, and T.
Kambara: Physica C471, 790 (2011).
4) T. Tamegai et al.: Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 084008 (2012).

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Site occupancies of hydrogen in Nb alloyed with oversized Ta atoms orundersized Mo atoms†
H. Matsuba,*1,*2 E. Yagi,*1,*2 C. Sugi,*2 Y. Okada,*2 K.Hirabayashi,*2 T. Iida,*2 S. Koike,*3 T. Hayashi,*2 N. Higami,*2
Y. Murakami,*2 A. Takebayashi,*2 T. Yoshida*2, T. Sugawara,*4 T. Shishido,*4 and K. Ogiwara*1
An interaction of hydrogen with solute atoms is one of
the fundamental problems on hydrogen in metals, because
various hydrogen-related properties are strongly affected byalloying. In order to understand the interaction, theknowledge of the atomistic state of hydrogen in alloys ishighly required. However, such information has been
extremely limited, because of experimental difficulties.
Therefore, the channelling method utilizing a nuclear
reaction of 1H(11B,a)aa with a 11B+ beam of about 2 MeV
had been developed.1) This method has been demonstrated
to be very useful to locate hydrogen dissolved in metals.1,2)
In previous studies, the lattice location of hydrogen has
been investigated systematically in detail in Nb alloyed with
undersized Mo atoms up to 60 at. % by the channelling
method at room temperature with a tandem accelerator.
Their atomic radii are 1.43 Å for Nb and 1.36 Å for Mo
atoms. This alloy system forms a solid solution over theentire Mo concentration (CMo) range, maintaining a bcc
crystal structure, although the lattice parameter changes.
It has been demonstrated that the lattice location changes
very sensitively with Mo concentration and, with the help of
the measurement of width of X-ray reflection lines, thatsuch change can be explained in terms of lattice distortion
introduced by alloying with Mo atoms.3) At low CMo, lattice
is strongly distorted around Mo atoms. Hydrogen is trappedby a Mo atom to be located at a Ttr site, which is displaced
from an original tetrahedral (T) site by about 0.6 Å towards
the Mo atom, so as to reduce the distortion around Mo atom.
There exists a strong attractive interaction betweenhydrogen and Mo atoms.4) With increasing CMo, the lattice
distortion is reduced owing to interference between strain
fields around individual Mo atoms, and most of the H atoms
occupy T sites as in Nb. For CMo higher than 39 at. %, thelattice distortion gradually increases again with increasing
CMo because of the increase in the number of undersized
Mo atoms in a unit cell, but not so strongly as that at low
CMo, i.e., up to an intermediate level. In this case, H atoms
are distributed over T and d-T sites, which is displaced fromT sites to their nearest neighbour octahedral (O) sites by
about 0.25 Å. The T-site occupancy is energetically morefavourable than the d-T-site occupancy.
In the present study, the site occupancy of hydrogen in
Nb alloyed with 2 or 5 at. % of oversized Ta atoms (atomic†＊1

Condensed from the article in J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 104602 (2011).
RIKEN Nishina Center

School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University
Department of Physics II, Tokyo University of Science＊4
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University＊2＊3

radius: 1.44 Å), Nb0.98Ta0.02H0.01, Nb0.98Ta0.02H0.029 andNb0.95Ta0.05H0.01, was investigated by the channelling
method at room temperature. The objectives of the present
study are to investigate a difference in an interaction ofhydrogen with solute atoms between oversized Ta andundersized Mo atoms and to examine the above-describedinterpretation on the basis of the lattice distortion.
The following results were obtained. Taking account of
the previously reported results on Nb0.95Ta0.05H0.018 andNb0.95Ta0.05H0.025,5) in both Nb0.98Ta0.02 and Nb0.95Ta0.05
alloys, at low hydrogen concentration CH, most of the Hatoms are located at T sites, while at high CH, most of them
are at d-T sites displaced by 0.25 Å from T sites towards
their nearest neighbour O sites, and the remains are at T
sites. This result is different from that in Nb alloyed withsimilar concentration of undersized Mo atoms, wherehydrogen preferentially occupies Ttr sites. It was deduced
that, in both Nb0.98Ta0.02 and Nb0.95Ta0.05 alloys, the T site
occupancy is energetically more favourable than thed-T-site occupancy, but the concentration of available T
sites is limited. In these alloys, the lattice distortion is small
and at an intermediate level, because of the smaller size
difference between Nb and Ta atoms than between Nb andMo atoms. This difference in lattice distortion is reflected in
the X-ray line widths. Therefore, hydrogen preferentiallyoccupies T sites in the undistorted or very weakly distorted
tetrahedra some distance away from Ta solutes and excess
H atoms enter d-T sites in the tetrahedra distorted at anintermediate level near Ta solutes. Therefore, the interaction
between hydrogen and an oversized Ta atom is not
attractive in Nb, in contrast to the attractive interaction
between an undersized Mo atom and hydrogen in Nb.
With the help of measurements of the half-widths of
X-ray reflection lines in Nb-Mo and Nb-Ta alloys, the site
occupancy of hydrogen in the Nb-Ta alloys is explained interms of an effect of lattice distortion induced by alloying,as in the case of the site occupancy in Nb-Mo alloys with
Mo concentration higher than about 39 at. %. The d-T site isa stable site for hydrogen in a slightly distorted bcc lattice.
References

1) E. Yagi. Kobayashi, S. Nakamura, Y. Fukai, and K. Watanabe: J.
Phys. Soc. Jpn. 52, 84 (1983).
2) E. Yagi, T. Kobayashi, S. Nakamura, Y. Fukai, and K.
Watanabe: Phys. Rev. B 31, 1640 (1985).
3) E. Yagi et al: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 044602 (2010).
4) E. Yagi, S. Nakamura, F. Kano, T. Kobayashi, K. Watanabe, Y.
Fukai, and T. Matsumoto: Phys. Rev. B 39, 57 (1989).
5) E. Yagi et al: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 064601 (2009).

- 244 -

Ⅲ-1. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Ion)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Evaluation of single-event damages on Silicon Carbide (SiC) power MOSFETs
E. Mizuta,＊1 S. Kuboyama,＊1 T. Kambara,＊2 and T. Tamura＊1
Silicon carbide (SiC) is the material used in next
generation semiconductor devices that is applicable tohigher voltage and temperature applications because of theinherent wide energy band-gap of 3.26 eV.1) In addition,
saturated electron velocity is considerably fast in the SiC
material. Therefore, SiC devices can operate in ultra-highfrequency applications.2) If the SiC material is used in
power devices instead of Si, these devices can achieve
higher efficiency and lower loss.3) In our study, weinvestigated in detail the fatal destruction mode called
Single-Event Burnout (SEBs) on commercial SiC power
MOSFETs with the radiation effect during heavy-ion
irradiations in space.
A single ion incidence into the device generates someamount of charge according to the Linear Energy Transfer(LET) value of the ion, and the charge can be amplified in
the device using mechanisms such as avalanche
multiplication. Finally, the charge is collected at the drain
terminal and can be measured using a charge sensitive
amplifier (CSA). The input charge range and the output
voltage of CSA are 0.5 - 50 nC and 0.1 mV - 10 V,
respectively. For the cases where the amplification level
increases exponentially with the applied voltage to thesample device, the Energetic Particle Induced Charge
Spectroscopy (EPICS) is more suitable. EPICS is speciallydesigned for the pulse-height analyzer (PHA) system that isused to analyze the charge collection characteristics insemiconductor devices.4) It can measure a wide range ofcharges using a logarithmic scale. The block diagram of the
EPICS system is shown in Fig. 1.
SiC power MOSFETs used in this study were commercial
devices. The maximum ratings for the drain-Source
breakdown voltage, continuous drain current, and thedrain-source on-state resistance are 1200 V, 24 A, and 220
m, respectively.
The test was performed at room temperature byirradiation with a Kr-ion beam of 713 MeV using the
RIKEN RILAC+RRC. Fluence was set to 1×105 ions/cm2 at
the chip surface. The drain bias voltage, VDS, was increased
at an interval of 50 V. The gate voltage, VGS, was set to 0 V
to force the devices to enter the OFF state.

Fig. 2. Collected charge spectra by Kr ion irradiation using
the EPICS system.
Figure 2 shows the EPICS spectra on SiC power
MOSFETs of Kr-ion irradiation. The cross marks Qmax
indicate the maximum collected charge for each spectrum.
There were two peaks on each spectrum similar to the oneof Si power MOSFETs.4) At the drain voltage of 100 V, thedevice was damaged because the leakage current was morethan the maximum rated zero gate voltage drain current of
10 A. In Si power MOSFETs, a high energy collectedcharge peak Qmax of more than 105 pC was observed when
SEB occurs. However, in SiC power MOSFETs, permanent
increase of the leakage current was observed at the drain
voltage of 100 V; However, no high SEB peak was
observed up to the voltage level, and the maximum
collected charge was less than 100 pC. This behavior is thesame as our previous study on SiC Schottky barrier
diodes.5) This fact suggests that the mechanism of SEB was
different between SiC power MOSFETs and Si power
MOSFETs. Therefore, it is necessary to perform additional
experiments to understand the SEB mechanism of SiC
power MOSFETs.
References

1) W. E. Nelson et al.: J. Appl. Phys., 37(1), p. 333, (1996).
2) J. A. Cooper et al.: IEEE Trans. Electron Devices, 49 (4), p.658,(2002).
3) S. Yoshida et al.: Appl. Phys. Lett., 46, p. 766, (1985).
4) S. Kuboyama et al.: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 39 (6), p. 1698,(1992).
5) S. Kuboyama et al.: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci., 53 (6), p. 3343,(2006).

Fig. 1. Block diagram of EPICS system.
＊1＊2

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
RIKEN Nishina Center- 245 -

2. Atomic and Solid State Physics (Muon)

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)µSR study of the spin correlation in iron-chalcogenide
superconductors Fe1−y My Se0.3 Te0.7 (M = Co, Ni, Zn)
T. Adachi,∗1,∗2 T. Inabe,∗2 K. M. Suzuki,∗1,∗2 T. Kawamata,∗1,∗2 T. Noji,∗2 H. Guo,∗1 I. Watanabe,∗1
and Y. Koike∗1,∗2
In recent years, much attention has been paid to theso-called iron-based superconductors due to their highsuperconducting (SC) transition temperatures, Tc ’s, inthe research ﬁeld of superconductivity. Hsu et al. havediscovered superconductivity with Tc = 8 K in theiron-chalcogenide FeSe.1) It has been found that Tc
of FeSe increases through the partial substitution of
Te for Se, shows a maximum of 14 K at x ∼ 0.7 in
FeSe1−x Tex and the superconductivity disappears at
x = 1, namely, in FeTe.2) The compound FeTe is not
SC but develops an antiferromagnetic (AF) order at
low temperatures below ∼ 67 K.2) Therefore, one may
guess the mechanism of superconductivity relating to
the AF spin ﬂuctuation in the iron-chalcogenide superconductors, which is similar to the case of high-Tc
cuprate superconductors.
In order to investigate impurity eﬀects on the SC
properties, we have grown impurity-substituted single
crystals of Fe1−y My Se0.3 Te0.7 (M = Co, Ni, Zn) with
y = 0 − 0.05 and have measured the in-plane electrical resistivity.3) Here, Co and Ni ions are expected todope one and two electrons, respectively, while Zn is
expected to dope no electrons. As a result, it has beenfound that Tc is reduced through the Co substitution
and that the reduction of Tc is more signiﬁcant in theNi substitution than in the Co substitution. On theother hand, the decrease in Tc with the Zn substitution has been found to be negligibly small. Moreover,it has been found that both Tc and the residual resistivity depending on the impurity concentration cannot be
explained by the Abrikosov-Gor’kov theory, suggestingthat a glue to form electron pairs is not the spin ﬂuctuations4,5) but the orbital ﬂuctuations.6)
Therefore, in order to investigate the spin ﬂuctuations directly, we have performed µSR measurementsof Fe1−y My Se0.3 Te0.7 (M = Co, Ni, Zn) with y =0 − 0.05.7) Zero-ﬁeld (ZF) and longitudinal-ﬁeld µSR
measurements were carried out using a Variox cryostat
at temperatures down to 1.6 K at RIKEN-RAL.
For the impurity-free crystal of y = 0, it has beenfound that ZF µSR spectra are independent of temperature at low temperatures down to 1.6 K, indicating that the crystal is in a paramagnetic state. Figure 1 shows ZF spectra of the Zn-substituted crystal of Fe1−y Zny Se0.3 Te0.7 with y = 0.05. At 29 K,
the spectrum shows slow depolarization of muon spins
similar to that observed in the impurity-free crystal.
On the other hand, the depolarization becomes fast
∗1
∗2

with decreasing temperature and the initial asymmetry is missing at 1.6 K. These results suggest signiﬁcant development of the spin correlation through theZn substitution. For the Co and Ni substitution, it
has been found that the spin correlation is enhanced
at y = 0.02 and that further substitution of impurities
leads to weakening of the spin correlation at y = 0.05.
These µSR results depending on the amount and kindof impurities strongly suggest that not the spin ﬂuctuations but the orbital ﬂuctuations may be a glue toform electron pairs in the iron-chalcogenide superconductors.
In summary, we have found impurity-induced development of the spin correlation in Fe1−y My Se0.3 Te0.7(M = Co, Ni, Zn) from µSR measurements. The
present µSR results strongly suggest that the formation of electron pairs is mediated by the orbital ﬂuctuations in iron-chalcogenide superconductors.

Fig. 1. Zero-field µSR time spectra of Fe1−y Zny Se0.3 Te0.7
with y = 0.05.

References

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University- 247 -

1) F.-C. Hsu et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105,
14262 (2008).
2) T. Noji et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 084711 (2010).
3) T. Inabe et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 044712 (2013).
4) I. I. Mazin et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 057003 (2008).
5) K. Kuroki et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 101, 087004 (2008).
6) H. Kontani et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 157001 (2010).
7) T. Adachi et al.: in preparation.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SR remeasurement of La2CuO4 to reinvestigate muon sites
B. Adiperdana,*1,*2 T. Kawamata,*3 T. Adachi,*4 P. Kumar,*5 A. Amato, *5 I. A. Dharmawan,*2 R. E. Siregar,*2 S. Sulaiman,*6
M. I. Mohamed-Ibrahim,*6 I. Watanabe,*1,*2,*6 and Y. Koike*3
In a previous report,1) we have predicted a muon site in
La2CuO4 (LCO) with the tetragonal structure (the structure
above 550 K) by calculating the minimum potential energy
for muons, according to the density functional theory (DFT),and the hyperfine field contribution from Cu spins. We
predicted two possible muon sites in LCO, although a single
muon site with an internal field between 410-430 G wasexperimentally achieved2). Because of this disagreement,
we remeasured the internal field at the muon site using theSR method with higher statistics. In addition to thisexperimental effort, we also continued a similar estimation
to find all possible minimum potentials in the orthorhombic
structure (the structure that occurs below 550 K).
Zero-field (ZF) SR measurements were performed at
the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility and PSI using a single
crystal of LCO in the magnetically ordered state at 10 K
and 1.7 K, respectively. The DFT calculation was
performed by using the RIKEN integrated cluster of clusters(RICC) system using the Vienna ab-initio simulation
package (VASP). A supercell structure that contains 27 unit
cells (3×3×3 unit cells) was adopted for calculation taking
into account the effect of relaxations of the local lattice andmuon positions. The minimum potential in the static casewas used to determine the initial positions of lattice points
prior to final calculations with relaxation effects. The dipole
calculation was performed on the basis of theantiferromagnetic ordered state, which has been
experimentally determined by Vaknin et al.3) The magnetic
moment was traced from 0.10 to 0.70 B/Cu until the
dipolar fields fit the internal fields experimentally
determined by ZF-SR.

B2 has the largest amplitude while B1 and B3 have muchsmaller amplitudes that are less than 1/30 of that of B2. Theinternal field of B2 corresponds to that experimentallyobserved.2) In terms of DFT calculations, three minimum
potentials were found in LCO from our current study, as
shown in Fig. 2. This result is qualitatively explained bythree muon positions in LCO.
We attempted to explain the observed internal fields on
the basis of the dipole-dipole interaction by tuning themagnitude of the magnetic moment of the Cu spin. As aresult, we found that the three observed components of theinternal field can be explained if the magnetic moment of
the Cu spin is reduced to be around 0.23 B, as shown in
Fig. 3. Such a local reduction of the Cu spin is currently
being argued.4)
(a)

(b)

Fig. 2 (a) Minimum potential positions estimated from
DFT and (b) shape of the potential energy between minima.

Fig. 3 Comparison between calculated dipolar field
spectra and the internal field obtained from SR
experiments.

_
Fig. 1 Fourier spectra of La2CuO4 ZF-SR obtained withhigh statistics in the RIKEN-RAL and PSI.
Fourier spectra of ZF-SR are shown in Fig. 1. Threecomponents of internal fields were found. We marked themas B1, B2, and B3 from the lower field component.
＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran＊3
Department of Applied Physics, Tohoku University＊4
Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, Sophia University＊5
Lab. For Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institut＊6
Computational Chemistry and Physics Lab., Universiti Sains Malaysia

In conclusion, we found new additional muon sites in
LCO from the ZF-SR experiment with higher statistics.
Our DFT calculation supported those three muon sites.
Assuming only the dipole-dipole interaction, we suggest thepossible local reduction of magnetic moment of the Cu spin
to be approximately 50%. The reason for this reduction iscurrently being discussed.
References
1)

2)
3)
4)

- 248 -

B. Adiperdana et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 224(2012).
B. Hitti et al.: Hyp. Int. 63, 287 (1990).
Vaknin et al : Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 2808 (1987).
R. De Renzi et al. : private communications.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Magnetic ordering in Cu6O8TbCl probed during the SR measurement
K. Kawashima,＊1 H. Takeda,＊1 S. Igarashi,＊1 I. Watanabe,＊2 I. Kawasaki,＊2 and J. Akimitsu＊1

Tb

100

150

200

250

300

( cm)

0.06
0.04
I = 1 mA

100

150

T (K)

200

250

300

Fig. 1 (Left panel) Crystal structure of Cu6O8MCl (program
VESTA was used. 4)). Solid line shows the unit cell. (Rightpanel) Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility
and electrical resistivity of Cu6O8TbCl. Inset shows theinversed magnetic susceptibility as a function oftemperature.
＊1
＊2

0.5

1

1.5

2

Time in microseconds ( s)

2
0.25
0.2
0.15
0.1
0.05

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

T (K)

Fig. 2 (a) The time dependence of asymmetry of ZFSR
spectra of Cu6O8TbCl measured at various temperatures.
Solid lines are fitting results using Eq. (1). (b) The
temperature dependence of A0 and  obtained by the fitting.

0.1

50

8
4

0

Time in microseconds ( s)

0.08

0

A

0

8

T

0

9

16

10
6

10

10

H = 1 kOe

0.02

18

11

12

10

50

14 (b)
12

14

20

0

Asymmetry

20

30

0

16

200K
300K

12

40

0

35K
100K
13

50

1

T = 10K
30K

22

1/

(emu/mol)2

24 (a)

Asymmetry

The copper-oxide family of Cu6O8MCl (M = cation) has
a caged structure (Cu6O8 cage) in its crystal structure(crystal system: cubic, space group: Fm-3m (No. 225)). The
form of the surface of the Cu6O8 cage is similar to the CuO2
plane in high-Tc cuprate superconductors. The Cu6O8 cage
forms a three-dimensional network, sharing their face (leftpanel of Fig. 1).1-3) The Cl- anions are located at the centerof the Cu6O8 cage, and the M cations, which have a valenceof 3+ or 4+, exist in the cuboid space located between
Cu6O8 cages. The average valence of Cu ions in the Cu6O8
cage is 2.33+ for M3+.
For the M = Tb3+ compound (Cu6O8TbCl), the magnetic
susceptibility data indicate a weak magnetic transition at
approximately 40 K. Moreover, the electrical resistivity data
exhibit a metal-insulator transition at approximately 40 K
(right panel of Fig. 1). The effective Bohr magneton Peff isestimated to be ~6.74, which is close to the theoretical value
for Tb3+, indicating that a localized magnetic moment exists
at the Tb3+ site. However, whether the origin of themagnetic ordering state is long range (static) or not and therelationship between the magnetic state and other physicalproperties is not yet clear. In order to clarify these points,
SR measurement was performed at the RIKEN-RAL
Muon Facility in U.K. using a polycrystalline sample of
Cu6O8TbCl.
Figure 2 (a) shows the time dependence of asymmetryof the zero field (ZF) SR spectra, A(t), of Cu6O8TbCl
measured at various temperatures. These spectra wereobserved using the double-pulse muon beam. The spectra
show exponential-like depolarized behaviors, and themuon-spin depolarization becomes faster with decreasing
temperature above 40 K. Significant loss of initial

Department of physics and mathematics, Aoyama Gakuin University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 249 -

asymmetry (at t = 0) is observed below 40 K. In order toobserve the change of the spin dynamics in detail, all of thetime spectra were analyzed using the following function:
A(t) = A0exp(-t)+ AB,(1)

where A0 is the initial asymmetry,  is the depolarization
rate of the muon spins, and AB is the background. The
parameters obtained from the best fit of Eq. 1 to the data in
Fig. 2(a) (solid line) are shown in Fig. 2(b). From Fig. 2(b),A0 slightly decreases and  increases above 40 K. Moreover,A0 and  values rapidly change at approximately 40 K,
indicating that the spin state drastically changes at 40 K.
The inset of Fig. 2(a) shows an early time region of the ZF
SR spectra at 5 K (lowest temperature of thismeasurement) measured using the single-pulse muon beam.
Muon-spin precession behavior was observed, indicating
the existence of a long-range magnetic-ordered state.
Consequently, the weak magnetic transition confirmed in
the magnetic susceptibility data of Cu6O8TbCl is generated
by the development of long-range magnetic order of Tb3+.
Moreover, it is suggested that the conducting carrier istrapped and that the ground state changes from metallic tosemiconducting with the onset of long-range magnetic
order.
References

1) I. Yazawa et al.: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 29 (1990) L1693.
2) R. Sugise et al.: J. Appl. Phys. 32 (1993) L940.
3) G. Zouganel et al.: Sol. St. Comm. 80 (1991) 709.
4) K. Momma et al.: Commission Crystallogr. Comput. IUCr
Newslett. (2006) No. 7, 106.

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Disappearance of gapped Mott insulating phase neighboring
Boseglass phase in Tl1−x Kx CuCl3 detected by longitudinal-field muon
spin relaxation†

†

∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Condensed from the article submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
College of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology- 250 -

Corrected Asymmetry

1.0
LF 65 G

0.8

182 mK
72 mK
25 mK

0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

3

1.0

t (µs)

6

9

LF 200 G
182 mK
72 mK
25 mK

0.8
0.6
0.4

Corrected Asymmetry

Corrected Asymmetry

TlCuCl3 and KCuCl3 are isostructural, and arethree-dimensionally coupled Cu 3d S =1/2 spin dimer
systems. The ground states are spin singlets with excitation gaps of ∆ = 7.5 K in TlCuCl3 and 31 K in
KCuCl3 , originating from strong intradimer antiferromagnetic interaction J. Applying magnetic ﬁelds to
the gapped state, the spin gap is collapsed, and a magnetically ordered state appears, which is qualitatively
well described by the magnon Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) theory1) . Describing the magnetic statesby magnon motions, the spin singlet state corresponds
to the gapped Mott Insulating (MI) phase.
By introducing randomness in the intradimer interaction, a new phase, Bose glass (BG) phase wastheoretically predicted to appear at T = 0 neighboring the magnon BEC phase2) . In the mixed system
Tl1−x Kx CuCl3 , the randomness of the local chemical
potential is introduced spatially, because the value ofthe dominant intradimer interaction J, which corresponds to the local potential of magnons, is diﬀerent
between TlCuCl3 and KCuCl3 3) . Recently, Yamada
et al. performed electron-spin resonance (ESR) measurements on Tl1−x Kx CuCl3 with x = 0.22 and 0.44
in resonance ﬁelds close to the critical ﬁeld of BEC
transition which is conﬁrmed by speciﬁc heat measurements, and reported the change of the spectrum
shape from Lorentzian shape to the intermediate shape
between Gaussian and Lorentzian4) . This result suggests the localization of magnons at suﬃciently low
temperature, and suggest the appearance of the BG
phase adjacent to the BEC phase. According to thetheoretical prediction, the BG phase appears between
the gapped MI phase and the BEC phase, and there
exist a quantum phase transition point HB from the
BG phase to the gapped MI phase with decreasing themagnetic ﬁeld. However, magnetization measurementssuggest HB =0. Thus, whether or not the gapped MIphase neighboring the Bose glass phase disappears in
the zero-ﬁeld limit is a controversial problem. The purpose of this study is to microscopically investigate thisproblem using LF - µSR technique.
Figure 1 shows temperarature dependence of LF µSR time spectrum of Tl1−x Kx CuCl3 with x = 0.40
down to 25 mK in various longitudinal ﬁelds. All time
spectra are analyzed using the stretched exponential

Corrected Asymmetry

T. Suzuki,∗1,∗2 H. Guo,∗2 I. Kawasaki,∗2 I. Watanabe,∗2 T. Goto,∗3 K. Katayama,∗4 and H. Tanaka∗4

0.2
0
0

3

t (µs)

6

9

1.0
LF 100 G
320 mK
110 mK
25 mK

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

3

t (µs)

6

9

1
LF 500 G
182 mK
72 mK
25 mK

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0
0

3

t (µs)

6

9

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of LF-µSR time spectrumof Tl1−x Kx CuCl3 with x = 0.40.

function A(t) = A0 exp(−λt)β , and are well ﬁtted asshown with solid lines. A0 is the initial asymmetry
and λ is the muon spin relaxation rate. Fitted results of β are almost constant for all spectra in a rangeof β = 0.8 ± 0.06, which is consistent with the previous data for x = 0.40 in longitudinal ﬁelds. LF-µSR
time spectra shows an exponential like decay, and themuon spin-relaxation rate does not has a signiﬁcanttemperature dependence down to 25 mK. As a ﬁtted
result, λ, which corresponds to a low frequency dynamical susceptibility, is almost constant down to 25
mK although slight changes in λ are observed. The
low frequency spectrum seems to be a white spectrum,
because λ in each ﬁeld is ﬁnite below 500 gauss. These
results mean that internal magnetic ﬁelds at the muonsites are ﬂuctuating by low frequencies below ∼ 1 MHz
down to 25 mK. When the spin system has a tendency
toward a magnetic phase transition, λ is expected toincrease with decreasing temperature in the zero-ﬁeld
limit below 500 gauss. Thus, in this case, a magnetic
ordered state is not experimentally expected, and theground state is a spin ﬂuctuating state. It is suggested
that the theoretically predicted quantum phase transition point from the Bose glass phase to the gapped
Mott insulating phase disappears, i.e. HB =0.
References
1) A. Oosawa, M. Ishii, and H. Tanaka, J. Phys. Condens.
Matter 11 (1999) 265.
2) O. Nohadani, S. Wessel, and S. Haas, Phys. Rev. Lett.
95 (2005) 227201.
3) A. Oosawa and H. Tanaka, Phys. Rev. B 65, (2002)
184437.
4) F. Yamada, H. Tanaka, T. Ono, And H. Nojiri, Phys.
Rev. B 83 (2011) 020409(R).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Magnetic order in pyrochlore iridate Nd2 Ir2 O7 probed by employing
muon spin relaxation†
H. Guo,∗1,∗2 K. Matsuhira,∗3 I. Kawasaki,∗2 M. Wakeshima,∗4 Y. Hinatsu,∗4 I. Watanabe,∗2 and Z. Xu∗1
Pyrochlore iridates are highly suitable to investigate novel topological phases based on the networkof corner-sharing tetrahedra structures and the relatively large spin-orbit coupling (SOC) inherent in Ir 5delectrons.1) The interplay between SOC and electronelectron correlations (U ) produces characteristic electronic states. A series of R 2 Ir2 O7 (R-227, R = Nd-Ho)
compounds exhibit metallic or semi-metallic behavior
and undergo metal-insulator transitions (MITs) at atemperature TMI 2) while Pr-227 shows metallic behavior down to 0.3 K.3)
In this study, we focus on Nd-227, which shows
metallic behavior at high temperatures and undergoes
a MIT at T MI of about 30 K, and the magnetic susceptibility shows the bifurcation below T MI in zerofield-cooling (ZFC) and field-cooling (FC) conditions.2)
Muon spin precession is observed below TMI , and thespectra were fitted using the following function:
A(t) = A1 e−λ1 t + A2 cos(γµ Hint t + φ)e−λ2 t(1)where Hint is the internal field at the muon site, λ1 isthe muon spin-lattice relaxation rate, and λ2 and φ are
the damping rate and initial phase of the muon spin
precession, respectively.
The temperature dependence of the extracted parameters is shown in Fig. 1. Hint begins to increase
below TMI , following the Brillouin-type ordering andtends to saturate below about 20 K to a value of about
350 G. Below about 10 K, Hint increases again. λ2 continues to decrease below TMI and increases again fromthe same temperature at which Hint exhibits an increase. ¿From the inset of Fig. 1(a), it can be seen that
λ1 increases monotonically with decreasing temperature, reflecting the slowing down of the magnetic moments. A small increase is observed around TMI . However, no critical slowing down behavior is observed, as
shown in Fig. 1(b). λ1 continues to increase below TMI
and shows a broad peak at around 10 K.
The increase in Hint below about 10 K is consistent
with the results of the neutron scattering experimentthat shows the ordering of Nd3+ moments, so it is attributed to the ordering of Nd3+ moments from ourmuon spin relaxation (µSR) experiment. The decreasein λ1 below about 10 K is then accounted for by thefreezing out of the magnetic fluctuations, and the increase in λ2 suggests that the distribution of the internal field becomes larger at the vicinity of the magnetic
†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

ordering. The ordering below TMI is then attributed tothe ordering of the Ir4+ moments, suggesting its close
relationship with the MIT.

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. B 88, 060411(2013).
Department of Physics, Zhejiang University
RIKEN Nishina Center
Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology
Division of Chemistry, Hokkaido University- 251 -

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the extracted parameters from our fits to Eq. (1). (a) The internal field at
the muon site. (b) The damping rate of muon spin precession and the muon spin-lattice relaxation rate. The
inset in (a) shows the whole temperature range of λ1 .

According to a local spin-density approximation calculation including U and SOC, the magnetic structureof the Ir sublattice is the all-in/all-out type, which does
not break the lattice periodicity; therefore, the Slatertransition is ruled out to account for the relationshipbetween the MIT and the magnetic transition. On
the other hand, the Lifshitz-like transition in which
the hole band and electron band are moved downward
and upward, respectively, due to the specific magnetic
structure and the large SOC of Ir 5d electrons may
explain the mechanism of MIT.
The saturated internal field from the ordered Ir4+
moments is found to be much smaller than that in thecase of the other pyrochlore iridates with a magnetic
insulating ground state. This implies a stronger hybridization between the Ir 5d and the O 2p electronic
orbitals in Nd-227.
References
1) X. Wan et al., Phys. Rev. B 20, 205101 (2011).
2) K. Matsuhira et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 094701(2011).
3) S. Nakatsuji et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 087204 (2006).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Unconventional spin freezing in a highly two-dimensional spin-1/2 Kagome
antiferromagnet Cd2Cu3(OH)6(SO4)2·4H2O: evidences of partial order andco-existing spin singlet state on distorted Kagome lattice
X.G. Zheng,＊1 M. Fujihala,＊1 and I. Watanabe＊2
The magnetic phases of geometrically frustrated magnets
have been rigorously studied both theoretically andexperimentally in the last two decades. The Kagome
antiferromagnet, a two-dimensional net of corner-sharing
triangles, is an excellent choice for investigating spin liquid
and other exotic states, because it is expected to be one of
the most highly frustrated systems. However, the Kagome
system is still not completely understood, leading to many
unanswered questions. Even the most essential issue of
whether the ground state is a gapped spin liquid or a gaplessone remains undetermined. Besides the difficulties oftheoretically dealing the quantum spins on the Kagome
lattice (which is much more complicate than the simple
triangular lattice), the lack of such compounds has been amajor obstacle.

We have recently found a new Kagome antiferromagnet,
Cd2Cu3(OH)6(SO4)2·4H2O. It possesses a monoclinic crystal
structure identical to that for the previously reported
mineral Edwardsite [1]. It crystallizes in the space group P
21/c with lattice parameters of a = 10.8887(2) Å, b =13.1745(2) Å, c = 11.2258(2) Å, and  = 112.994(1)°. As
illustrated in Fig. 1, four Cu2+ sites exist, forming a Kagome
lattice for the S = 1/2 spins. The structural information
show that Cd2Cu3(OH)6(SO4)2·4H2O is a slightly distorted
Kagome lattice with high two-dimensionality, which is agreat advantage in studying the intrinsic spin behaviors on
distorted Kagome lattices; it also serves as a reference
system for undistorted Kagome lattices.
1
0.8

Pz

0.6

8K
5K
4K
3K
1.5 K
1.1 K
0.3 K

(a)

6

7

0.4
0.2
0

RIKEN-RAL
0

1

2

3

4

5

Time (µs)

8Fig. 2 Zero-field μSR asymmetry spectra at various
temperatures.
SR, having a large gyromagnetic ratio, is a sensitive
microscopic probe for magnetic order and spin fluctuations.
Figure 2 shows the zero-field (ZF) asymmetry spectra atvarious temperatures. The asymmetry spectra change
obviously from T = 5 K. Detailed analysis showed theformation of static magnetism below 5 K. The magnetic
behaviors are distinctly different from the spin liquid sateon an undistorted Kagome lattice, demonstrating the criticalrole of lattice distortion.
References

Fig. 1. Structure of Cd2Cu3(OH)6(SO4)2·4H2O.
＊1＊21) P. Elliott, J. Brugger, T. Caradoc-Davies, Mineralogical
Magazine 74, 39 (2010).

Department of Physics, Saga University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 252 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Muon spin relaxation study of spin-glass freezing in the Heusler
compound Ru1.9 Fe0.1 CrSi†
M. Hiroi,∗1,∗2 T. Hisamatsu,∗2 T. Suzuki,∗1,∗3 K. Ohishi,∗1,∗4 Y. Ishii,∗1,∗5 and I. Watanabe∗1A0 (t) = A1 exp(−λ1 t) + A2 exp(−λ2 t).

(1)

The ﬁrst and second terms represent the fast andslow relaxation components, respectively, and λ1 andλ2 are the muon spin relaxation rates for each component. The initial asymmetry A0 is A0 (0) = A1 + A2 .
The parameters in Eq. (1) were obtained from theﬁtting of the time spectra, and these temperature dependences in the ZF-µSR measurement are shown in
Fig. 1. As shown in the ﬁgure, a peak of the relaxation
rates was observed at ∼16 K, and this suggests the onset of spin freezing at ∼ Tg . Furthermore, LF-µSR
measurement for diﬀerent values of magnetic ﬁeld was
performed at 0.3 K, which conﬁrmed the presence ofa static internal magnetic ﬁeld. The internal ﬁeld wasestimated to be approximately 0.1308 ± 0.005 T. Fromthese results we conclude that SG freezing occurs at
Tg .
On the other hand, an anomaly in the relaxation rate
†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. B 88 024409(2013)RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Kagoshima University
Faculty of Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology
CROSS, JAEA
Department of Physics, Tokyo Medical University- 253 -

Ru1.9Fe0.1CrSi
ZF-µSR

0.5

A0
A2

(a)
0
20 (b)

λ2
λ1

0.15
0.1

10

0.05
0
0

10

20
30
T (K)

40

λ2 (µs-1)

A0, A21

λ1 (µs-1)

The magnetic properties of the Heusler compounds
Ru2−x Fex CrSi have attracted interest. It has been revealed that Fe-rich compounds are ferromagnetic1) andthat the Ru-rich compound Ru2 CrSi shows an antiferromagnetic transition at TN = 14 K.2) Although
the Ru-rich compound Ru1.9 Fe0.1 CrSi was found toshow a peak in magnetic susceptibility at TN∗ ∼ 30 K,
which seemed to indicate an antiferromagnetic transition, no phase transition was found around TN∗ orat any other temperatures in the speciﬁc heat.3,4) Instead, the diﬀerence between the magnetic susceptibilities observed in a zero-ﬁeld-cooling process anda ﬁeld-cooling process increased signiﬁcantly below
Tg ∼ 15 K, which was regarded as the onset of strong
irreversibility.3) This observation suggests the formation of a spin-glass (SG) state. In order to reveal thenature of the magnetic transitions, we have performed
zero-ﬁeld (ZF) and longitudinal-ﬁeld (LF) muon-spinrelaxation (µSR) measurements for Ru1.9 Fe0.1 CrSi.
The measurements were carried out at the RIKENRAL Muon Facility using a spin-polarized single-pulse
positive surface muon beam. In these measurements
the time spectra of muon spin depolarization consistedof two components, and the asymmetry, A0 (t), can be
expressed as0Fig. 1. Temperature dependences of (a) A0 = A1 + A2
and A2 , and (b) λ1 and λ2 , for ZF-µSR. Solid lines are
guides to the eye.

of ZF-µSR, indicating a phase transition, appeared to
be absent around TN∗ , whereas with decreasing temperature a large decrease in the initial asymmetry anda gradual increase in the relaxation rates were observed starting at ∼40 K, which is slightly higher thanTN∗ . The loss of the initial asymmetry may have beencaused by a static internal ﬁeld. To investigate theorigin of the large decrease in the initial asymmetry
below ∼40 K, we performed LF-µSR measurements asa function of magnetic ﬁeld HLF between Tg and ∼ TN∗ .
The HLF dependence of A2 was analyzed, and it was
found that at temperatures below 30 K, A2 increases
from approximately the same ﬁeld as at 0.3 K. This
analysis suggests that a static ﬁeld arises at the muonsite from temperatures higher than TN∗ ∼ 30 K and
the value of the static ﬁeld does not change much below ∼30 K. These results indicate an inhomogeneous
magnetic state. It appears that the formation of independent spin-frozen regions begins at ∼40 K. As
the temperature decreases, these static regions extend
gradually, and this results in the observed decrease in
the initial asymmetry. The correlation between static
regions becomes larger and eventually SG freezing occurs at Tg .
References
1) M. Hiroi et al.: Phys. Rev. B. 76 132401 (2007).
2) M. Hiroi et al.: J. Phys.: Conf. Series 400 032020(2012).
3) M. Hiroi et al.: Phys. Rev. B. 79 224423 (2009).
4) M. Ito et al.: Phys. Rev. B 82 024406 (2010).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)µSR study of heavy fermion superconductor URu2 Si2
I. Kawasaki,∗1 I. Watanabe,∗1 A. D. Hillier,∗2 and D. Aoki∗3,∗4

Normalized Asymmetry

0.04

-1

λ (µs )

0.06

0.02

0

0

5

10

1.0

19.5 K

0.8

11 K

0.6
0.4

Pµ || a

0.2
0.0

0

T0

5

10
15
Time (µs)

15 20
T (K)

25

20

∗2
∗3
∗4

0.8

0.6

20 Oe
10 Oe
5 Oe
3 Oe
0 Oe

0

5

T = 11 K

Pµ || a10

15Time (µs)

Fig. 2. The LF-µSR spectra at 11 K under several longitudinal fields.

A0 exp(−λZF t) over the temperature range presently
investigated. We observed an enhancement of λZF in
the HO phase, which reﬂects a development of the TRS
breaking magnetic ﬁeld. Figure 1 exhibits the temperature dependence of λZF , and a sharp increase is clearlyobserved at T0 . λZF shows a saturated feature around
10 K, but it exhibits an additional increase with further
decreasing temperature and keeps increasing down to
the lowest temperature.
In order to investigate the dynamics of the internal
magnetic ﬁeld in the HO phase, we performed LF-ﬁeld
experiments where LF was applied parallel to the aaxis. Figure 2 shows the LF-µSR spectra measured at
11 K. The long tails of relaxation spectra are strongly
aﬀected by applying tiny LFs. This is a characteristic feature in the presence of a static ﬁeld distribution at muon sites. In this case, the exponential relaxation in the ZF experiments reﬂects the presenceof a Lorentzian ﬁeld distribution at muon sites. Since
the relaxation rate under LFs is a measure of transverse components of ﬁeld ﬂuctuations at muon sites,
the observed decoupling behavior implies the absenceof measurable ﬁeld ﬂuctuations along both the a and cdirections. Hence, we conclude that measurable magnetic ﬂuctuations do not exist along any directions atmuon sites, and the internal magnetic ﬁeld developedin the HO phase is static on the time scale of µSR.
References

30

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the ZF-relaxation rate.
The inset shows the ZF-µSR spectra measured at 11
and 19.5 K.
∗1

1.0

Normalized Asymmetry

Despite intensive studies for more than two decades,
the order parameter of the mysterious phase transition
at T0 = 17.5 K1) in URu2 Si2 has not been identiﬁedyet, and thus the ordered phase is referred to as thehidden order (HO) phase.
The symmetry of the HO phase is crucial information for the identiﬁcation of its order parameter.
Recent Shubnikov-de Haas experiments have revealed
that the Fermi surfaces in the HO phase are very similar to those of the pressure induced antiferromagnetic
phase.2) This conﬁrms that translational symmetry is
broken in the HO phase, and the ordering vector is
QHO = (1, 0, 0). In addition, in the HO state, NMR
and magnetic torque experiments have shown that the
four-fold rotational symmetry in the (001) plane is broken.3,4) On the other hand, the time-reversal symmetry (TRS) is still a controversial issue, since we canﬁnd two types of very recent theoretical models for the
HO transition: some of the theoretical models assume
that the TRS is conserved in the HO phase,5) while
the others assume that TRS is broken.6) Therefore,
although the previous NMR and µSR studies have reported the development of tiny internal magnetic ﬁelds
below T0 7,8) and indicate the breaking of the TRS in
the HO phase, further characterization of the internal magnetic ﬁeld in the HO phase is required. In
the present study, we performed zero-ﬁeld (ZF) andlongitudinal-ﬁeld (LF) µSR experiments on a single
crystal of URu2 Si2 in order to characterize the internal magnetic ﬁelds in the HO state.
The inset of Fig. 1 shows ZF-µSR spectra at 11
and 19.5 K, which are below and above T0 . The ZFspectra were well ﬁtted by a single exponential function

RIKEN Nishina Center
ISIS Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
SPSMS, UMR-E CEA/UJF-Grenoble 1, INAC
Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University- 254 -

1) T. T. M. Palstra et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2727 (1985).
2) E. Hassinger et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 216409 (2010).
3) R. Okazaki et al., Science 331, 439 (2011).
4) S. Kambe et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 246406 (2013).
5) H. Kusunose et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 084702(2011).
6) H. Ikeda et al., Nat. Phys. 8, 528 (2012).
7) S. Takagi et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 81, 114710 (2012).
8) H. Amitsuka et al., Physica B 312-313, 390 (2002).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Magnetic instability induced by Rh dopingin the Kondo semiconductor CeRu2 Al10
H. Guo,∗1,∗2 H. Tanida,∗1,∗3 R. Kobayashi,∗4,∗5 I. Kawasaki,∗1 M. Sera,∗3 T. Nishioka,∗6 M. Matsumura,∗6
I. Watanabe, ∗1 and Z. Xu∗2
The ternary compound CeT2 Al10 (T = Fe, Ru, andOs) is a unique system that shows Kondo semiconducting behavior at low temperatures, and it exhibits anantiferromagnetically (AFM) ordered state at T0 ∼ 30
K for T = Ru and Os, while a nonmagnetic groundstate is observed for T = Fe, as is usually the casefor Kondo semiconductors (or insulators).1–3) Since themagnetic susceptibility (χ) systematically decreases onchanging the transition metal element in the orderfrom T = Ru to Os to Fe, the 4f electron state is located in the vicinity of the boundary between localized
and non-localized states, as expected from the Kondo
semiconducting behavior. Thus, the c-f hybridization
between d- and 4f -electrons must play a key role for
their low-temperature properties involved in the originof the AFM order.
The AFM order is very unusual. T0 is quite highfor a usual Ce-based intermetallic compound when
taking into account, for instance, the long distanceof 5.2 Å between neighboring Ce ions.2) The magnetic anisotropy is also unusual. Although the easy
axis is the a axis with the large magnetic anisotropy(acb), the AFM ordered moment (mAF ) with amagnitude of 0.3−0.4 µB /Ce aligns in the c-axis direction.4,6) Recently, the Rh-doping effect on CeRu2 Al10
has been examined, where Rh (4d8 ) has one electron
more than Ru (4d7 ).7,8) On the basis of the results,
we infer that χ becomes more Curie−Weiss like anddecreases drastically below T0 for Ha. These results
imply that the Rh-doping breaks mAF c and mAF ais realized instead. In order to clarify the spin alignment and the critical Rh concentration xc from a microscopic point of view, we performed zero-field µSR
on Ce(Ru1−x Rhx )2 Al10 (x = 0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.1).
Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of theinternal magnetic field (Hsmall , Hlarge ) at the muon site
for Ce(Ru1−x Rhx )2 Al10 . Here, Hsmall (Hlarge ) represents the smaller (larger) component of internal magnetic fields. For the undoped sample, Hsmall shows
non-mean-field-like behavior, while Hlarge increases below T0 and saturates to a value of about 180 G below
†
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4
∗5
∗6

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. B 88, 115206(2013).
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Silicon
Materials, Zhejian University
AdSM, Hiroshima University
Neutron Science Laboratory, ISSP, Tokyo University
Quantum Condensed Matter Division, Oak Ridge National
Laboratory
Graduate school of Integrated Arts and Science, Kochi University- 255 -

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the internal magnetic
fields at the muon sites in Ce(Ru1−x Rhx )2 Al10 (x = 0,0.03, 0.05, and 0.1): (a) Hsmall (b) Hlarge .

about 15 K. On the other hand, for Rh-doped samples,
Hlarge reaches about 800 G at low temperatures. Thisstrongly suggests the spin-flop transition from mAF c
to mAF a on the basis of our dipolar field calculation
at the suggested muon site, which is consistent with thebulk properties.7,8) Since there is no Rh-concentration
dependence in Hlarge for x > 0.03, the boundary ofthe different magnetic ground states is identified ataround x ∼ 0.03. The drastic change of the magnetic
ground state by such a tiny Rh doping indicates thatthe magnetic structure in CeRu2 Al10 is not robust andcan be quite easily tuned using external perturbations
such as d-electron doping. On the basis of previous experimental results from thermal electric power,9) neutron scattering,4) and NQR measurements,10) the nonmean-field-like behavior of Hsmall for the x = 0 sample is attributed to the Fermi contact field from thepolarized electrons at the muon site, while the T dependence of Hlarge for the Rh-doped samples is still anunresolved question; whether it results from the Fermi
contact field or from the unusual ordering of Ce3+ moments should be clarified by future neutron scatteringexperiments.
References
1) A. M. Strydom: Physica B 404, 2981 (2009).
2) T. Nishioka et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 123705 (2009).
3) Y. Muro et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 083707 (2009).
4) D. D. Khalyavin et al.: Phys. Rev. B 82, 100405(R)(2010).
5) K. Kato et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80, 073701 (2011).
6) H. Tanida et al.: Phys. Rev. B 84, 233202 (2011).
7) A. Kondo et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 054709 (2013).
8) R. Kobayashi et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 093702(2013).
9) H. Tanida et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79, 063709 (2010).
10) M. Matsumura et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 123713(2009).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)µSR study on CeRu2 Al10 under pressure
H. Guo,∗1,∗2 H. Tanida,∗3 I. Kawasaki,∗1 M. Sera,∗3 T. Nishioka,∗4 M. Matsumura∗4 I. Watanabe,∗1 and Z. Xu∗2
CeT2 Al10 (T = Fe, Ru, and Os), which has the orthorhombic YbFe2 Al10 −type structure, can be categorized as a Kondo semiconductor and is of interest
because of numerous anomalous electronic behaviors
due to the c − f hybridization effect.1–3) For instance,
the antiferromagnetic (AFM) transition temperature(T0 ) is quite high compared to that usually expected
for Ce-based intermetallic compounds,2) and the spinalignment in the AFM ordered state is mAF  c, although the easy magnetization axis is the a-axis withthe large magnetic anisotropy a  c  b.4,5) In addition, the magnetic structure is easily changed frommAF  c to mAF  b or mAF  b to mAF  c by application of non-magnetic La doping, magnetic field, orexternal pressure.6) Furthermore, tiny d-electron doping, such as Rh(4d8 )-doping in Ru(4d7 ), easily breaks
the mAF  c ordering, and mAF  a ordering is realized instead.7) These results indicate that the magnetic structure of CeRu2 Al10 is not robust and is easily
tuned by such perturbations.
Regarding the effect of pressure on CeRu2 Al10 , T0
is enhanced up to about P = 2 GPa, beyond which
it exhibits a slight decrease; at approximately Pc =4 GPa, CeRu2 Al10 exhibits a first-order-like transition
from the AFM Kondo semiconducting state to the nonmagnetic Fermi liquid state.2) Since T0 is enhanced
at low pressures, the bulk magnetization is expected
to also be enhanced by pressure. However, the magnetization is strongly suppressed by pressure.8) At P
= 1 GPa, the magnetization becomes nearly half ofthat at ambient pressure. That is, the pressure enhances T0 but suppresses the magnetization. These
results seem to contradict each other. In order to verify whether mAF is suppressed on applying pressure,
we performed µSR experiments on CeRu2 Al10 underpressures up to about P = 0.6 GPa. From the µSR
experiment, the pressure dependence of mAF can beclarified through the change in the internal magnetic
field at the muon site. To our knowledge, this is thefirst attempt at investigating the effect of pressure on
the mAF in CeT2 Al10 (T = Ru, Os).
Figure 1 shows the temperature dependence of theinitial asymmetry of CeRu2 Al10 at ambient pressure
and at P = 0.6 GPa. The initial asymmetry is extracted from the transverse field (TF) measurement.
The decrease in the initial asymmetry below T0 is agood indicator of the appearance of a magnetically ordered state. We clarified that T0 is enhanced by pres∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

RIKEN Nishina center
Department of Physics, Zhejiang University
AdSM, Hiroshima University
Graduate school of Integrated Arts and Science, Kochi University- 256 -

Fig. 1. Temperature dependence of the initial asymmetryof CeRu2 Al10 at ambient pressure and at P = 0.6 GPa.
The initial asymmetry is extracted from transverse field(TF) measurements.

sure by observing bulk properties. The temperaturedependence of the initial asymmetry at ambient pressure is consistent with our previous µSR experiment.7)
As seen below for T =10 K, the temperature dependence of the asymmetry is different between the data
at ambient pressure and at those P = 0.6 GPa, indicating that the evolution of the mAF is different between
these two cases. This would be attributed to a change
in the hyperfine process through the Fermi contact field
caused by pressure.7) We aimed to clarify a change inthe magnitude of mAF under pressure. However, owing to the fraction of stopping muons in the sample
being less and the strong restriction of the time resolution of the double-pulsed muon beam, we could notobserve the muon spin precession, and thus, from thezero field measurement, no quantitative information on
Hint could be achieved directly under ambient or highpressure. In order to obtain detailed information on
mAF , further studies are needed.
References
1) A. M. Strydom: Physica B 404, 2981 (2009).
2) T. Nishioka et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 123705 (2009).
3) Y. Muro et al.: J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78, 083707 (2009).
4) D. D. Khalyavin et al.: Phys. Rev. B 82, 100405(R)(2010).
5) H. Tanida et al.: Phys. Rev. B 84, 233202 (2011).
6) H. Tanida et al.: Phys. Rev. B 88, 045135 (2013).
7) H. Guo et al.: Phys. Rev. B88, 115206 (2013).
8) H. Tanida et al.: Phys. Rev. B 86, 085144 (2012).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Muon LCR measurements for organic magnets based on [Pd(dmit)2 ]metal-complex molecules†
M. Abdel Jawad,∗1 Y. Ishii,∗2 S. Masubuchi,∗2 R. Kato,∗1 I. Watanabe,∗3 and F. L. Pratt∗4
Magnetic ground states of quasi two dimensional(Q2D) triangular Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (AF)systems are of great interest. Magnetic frustration
arising from the triangular exchange network suppresses the AF order. This kind of quantum-spinstates without either long-range magnetic order or lattice symmetry breaking is named quantum spin liquid (QSL) state. Theoretically, this QSL state has
been studied extensively and many classes of theoretical models such as Z2 spin liquid, spinon fermi surface(SFS) and spin-bose metal are proposed. Althoughexperimentalist have sought real model materials with
QSL state for quite some time, only a few candidate
materials are known to this date.
A series of organic salts, (Cation)[Pd(dmit)2 ]2(dmit=1,3-dithiole-2- thione-4,5-dithiolate) has triangular exchange network of S = 1/2 unit of moleculardimers1) . The strength of the spin frustration can becontrolled by the choice of cation and most of materials belonging to this family undergo AF states.
In such triangular magnets, geometrical frustration isthough to play an important role on the magnetic
state as the AF transition temperatures is found toincrease proportionally to the deviation from the regular triangular exchange networks. It is thought that
EtMe3 Sb[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 2) do not show any AF order due
to strong spin frustrations. These materials have almost regular triangular exchange networks with exchange interaction J of the order of 200 to 300 K.
Recently, we have performed longitudinal field (LF)
µSR measurements on EtMe3 Sb[Pd(dmit)2 ]2 a QSLcandidate. Preliminary analysis suggest that field dependenceof muon relaxation rate, λ is proportional to√
1/ B behaviour in a field range of 1 ≤ Bext ≤ 1000
Gauss at low-temperatures. Such a behaviour is expected from spins diffusing along a one-dimensional
direction. In an ideal 1D spin system model, the fielddependence of λ is approximately described as follows:λ(ω) =

1
A2

4
2D� ω

(1)

where D� is the diffusion rate of spinon, ω = γe B is
the Larmor frequency and A is the scalar hyperfine
coupling constant3) . In order to determine D� andits temperature dependence quantitatively, a Muon
level-crossing resonance measurements (LCR) of thePd(dmit)2 molecule was made. For this purpose, we
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory, RIKENTokyo Medical University
RIKEN Nishina Center
ISIS Facility- 257 -

used (EtMe3 Sb)2 [Pd(dmit)2 ], a non-magnetic material, instead of the neutral Pd(dmit)2 molecule due tochemical stability issues.

Fig. 1. Longitudinal polarization for the muon radical in(EtMe3 Sb)2 [Pd(dmit)2 ] at 10K and 300K together withfitted repolarization curves..

Results of the longitudinal field dependence in(EtMe3 Sb)2 [Pd(dmit)2 ] at port-2 of the RIKEN-RAL
Muon facility are shown in Fig. 1. The Muon repolarization curve show no resonance in fields up to 0.4 Teslaand show an incredibly broad distribution of hyperfine
couplings at 10K. Preliminary DFT calculation withmuon radicals at the sulphur ends of the [Pd(dmit)2 ]−2molecule predicts anisotropic hyperfine parameters (A,D1, D2)=(360, 11, 5) MHz and a resonance around 1T.
Fit of the curves require at least a four-term equation
with hyperfine values shown within the graph. The
deduced values appear to be at least twice those foundfrom the DFT calculation which support the hypothesis of the Muonium formation at the sulphur ends ofthe [Pd(dmit)2 ]−2 molecule. However another large
hyperfine term with GHz values must be added to fit
the repolarization curve indicating at least one more
predominant Muonium site with a higher field resonance.
Further LCR measurements, in magnetic fields up
to 5 Tesla in the Hi-Fi magnet at the ISIS muon facility have recently been awarded and will complete thisstudy to understand the Muonium sites on a Pd(dmit)2
molecule and the hyperfine coupling constant associated with such sites.
References
1) K. Kanoda and R. Kato: Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter
Phys. 2, 167-188 (2011).
2) M. Yamashita et al.: Science, 328, 1246-1248 (2010).
3) F. L. Pratt et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 247203 (2006).

1Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Study on static and dynamic spin-crossover tripyrazolylmethane iron(II)complexes by using µSR spectroscopy
N. Kojima,*1 H. Kobayashi,*1 A. Okazawa, *1 I. Kawasaki, *2 and I. Watanabe*2
Transition-metal complexes have attracted muchattention from the viewpoints of magnetic, redox, andoptical properties originating from d spins. In particular,
complexes with a d4–d7 configuration have the possibility ofundergoing spin crossover transitions between low-spin(LS) and high-spin (HS) states, showing bistability withcolor and magnetic susceptibility changes. Spin-crossoverphenomena can be classified into two types according to thetime window of a measurement, (i) static spin crossover,which is often observed with a thermal hysteresis, and (ii)dynamic spin crossover, which sometimes shows anequilibrium obeying the van’t Hoff equation (i.e., spin
equilibrium).
A large number of spin-crossover iron(II) complexes
have been developed and their spin dynamics has been
investigated by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy, nuclear
magnetic resonance, neutron scattering, etc. Muon spin
relaxation (μSR) spectroscopy, which has the unique time
range (10–5 ~ 10–11 s) to observe magnetic fluctuations, isuseful for the investigation of spin-crossover phenomena.
However, the μSR spectroscopy has scarcely been applied
to the study of dynamic spin-crossover systems. To
investigate the rapid spin equilibrium in detail, we selectediron(II) complexes containing tripyrazolylmethane ligands(Fig. 1), [Fe{(pz)3CH}2](BF4)2 (1; pz = 1-pyrazolyl) and[Fe{(pz)3CH}{(3,5-Me2pz)3CH}](BF4)2 (2), which show
dynamic and static spin crossover, respectively, on 57Fe
Mössbauer spectroscopy.1,2) Similar molecular structures of
1 and 2 facilitate μSR study. Thus, we can expect that
positive muons would be trapped at the same sites in theircompounds.
Polycrystalline samples of 1 and 2 were wrapped in silver
foil and stuck to a silver plate. We used He-flow cryostats inthe temperature range between 50 and 475 K for 1 andbetween 50 and 300 K for 2. μSR time spectra wereobtained in the zero field (ZF) and longitudinal field (LF)applied along the direction of the initial muon-spin
polarization. LF-μSR spectra were analyzed using eq (1):A(t) = afexp(-λft) + asexp(-λst) + abg,

*2

Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo
RIKEN Nishina Centerand [Fe{(pz)3CH}{(3,5-Me2pz)3CH}](BF4)2 (2).

decoupled by a field of 1000 Oe. The behavior indicates theformation of paramagnetic muonium species in pyrazolyl
rings. The fluctuation can be completely decoupled at 3000
Oe.
On the other hand, the initial asymmetry in the HS states(1: 475 K; 2: 300 K) is lower, even above 1000 Oe,
compared to those in the LS states, suggesting the existenceof other strong fluctuations. The time spectra of 1 and 2 in
LF = 3000 Oe drastically changed with a change oftemperature, and the relaxation rates (λf) derived fromstrong fluctuations increased on heating. We found that thetemperature dependences of λf strongly correlate with

χmolT vs T profiles (Fig. 2). Thus, the results clarified
that μSR spectroscopy using a high LF can detect spintransitions in both dynamic and static spin-crossovercomplexes.
In the ZF-μSR spectra, there is an apparent difference
between temperature dependences of the initial asymmetriesof 1 and 2. The initial asymmetry of 1 decreased around thespin transition, although that of 2 was constant over theentire temperature range. Such a decay is presumablycaused by the spin fluctuation of the equilibrium between
the HS and LS. The detailed analysis is now in progress.

(1)

where af and as are initial asymmetries, λf and λs are themuon-spin relaxation rates for the fast and slow relaxation
components, respectively. For ZF-μSR, we analyzed thespectra considering a single relaxation process (as = 0).
The LF-μSR spectra of both 1 and 2 show a similartendency. In the spectra at 100 K corresponding to LS states,
fast relaxations were observed for 1 and 2, which were
*1

Fig. 1. Structural formula of [Fe{(pz)3CH}2](BF4)2 (1)Fig. 2. Temperature dependences of relaxation rates (λf)
under LF = 3000 Oe for (a) 1 and (b) 2. The λf plots aresuperimposed on χmolT vs T plots.
References

1) D. L. Reger et al.: Inorg. Chem. 40, 1508 (2001).
2) B. Moubaraki et al.: Dalton Trans. 4413 (2007).

- 258 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Na dynamics in the quasi-one-dimensional ionic conductor NaM 2 O4
(M =Ti and V)

6 -1∆, ν, λ [10 s ]I. Umegaki,∗1 Y. Higuchi,∗1 M. Månsson,∗2 H. Sakurai,∗3 I. Kawasaki,∗4 I. Watanabe,∗4 and J. Sugiyama∗1

ZF-µ SRM = Tiν∆λEa=350 meV

Temperature [K]6 -1

Fig. 1. Crystal structure of NaM2 O4 .

In the NaM2 O4 lattice with a CaFe2 O4 -type orthorhombic structure, the Na+ ions are located at thecenter of a one-dimensional (1D) tunnel along the baxis, which is formed by 1D double chains consistingof edge-sharing M O6 octahedra (M : transition metal)(see Fig. 1). The physical properties of NaM2 O4 arereported to strongly depend on M . In particular, it
is very important to clarify their Na+ -ion conductivity (σNa ) and/or Na+ -ion diﬀusion coeﬃcient (DNa )when using NaM2 O4 as a solid electrolyte in an allsolid-state Na-ion battery.
Following the preliminary report on NaV2 O4 1) , weexplain here in the results of µ+ SR measurements on
NaM2 O4 (M =Ti and V). The former is a semiconductor with a small band gap2) , while the latter is a half
metal with anisotropic electric conductivity3) . BothZF- and LF-µ+ SR spectra were measured in the temperature (T ) range between 145 and 500 K. The obtained spectra were ﬁtted by a combination of an exponentially relaxing dynamic Kubo-Toyabe signal from asample and a non-relaxing background signal from atitanium sample holder.
Figure 2 shows the T dependences of ﬁeld ﬂuctuation
rate (ν), ﬁeld distribution width (∆), and exponential
relaxation rate (λ) for (a) NaTi2 O4 and (b) NaV2 O4 .
For NaTi2 O4 , as T increases from 150 K, ∆ slowly
decreases, while ν increases rapidly particularly above
350 K. This indicates that the local nuclear magnetic
∗1
∗2
∗3
∗4

∆, ν, λ [10 s ]ZF-µ SR
M=V

Toyota Central Research and Development Labs., Inc.
École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne and Paul Scherrer
Institut
National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS)
RIKEN Nishina Center- 259 -

Ea=48 meVν∆λTemperature [K]Fig. 2. T -dependences of field fluctuation rate (ν), field
distribution width (∆), and exponential relaxation rate(λ) for (a) NaTi2 O4 and (b) NaV2 O4 .

ﬁeld experienced by µ+ starts to ﬂuctuate because of
Na+ diﬀusion. For NaV2 O4 , on the other hand, evenat 150 K ν is comparable to that for NaTi2 O4 at 450 K.
This indicates that Na+ ions diﬀuse even at 150 K in
NaV2 O4 . The anomaly around 450 K in the ν(T ) curve
is probably caused by a structural phase transition.
If we assume a thermal activation process for the
T dependence of ν, the activation energy (Ea ) is estimated to be 350 meV for NaTi2 O4 and 48 meV for
NaV2 O4 . Since the simple Nernst-Einstein equation
states that σNa ∝ DNa , where D ∝ ν, NaV2 O4 is expected to be a good candidate for a Na+ -ionic conductor.
References
1) J. Sugiyama et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 197(2012).
2) M. J. Geselbracht et al.: J. Solid State Chem. 179, 3489
(2006).
3) K. Yamaura et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 99, 196601 (2007).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Lithium-ion diﬀusion in novel battery materials
J. Sugiyama,∗1 H. Nozaki,∗1 M. Harada,∗1 Y. Higuchi,∗1 I. Umegaki,∗1 K. Mukai,∗1 M. Månsson,∗2 andI. Watanabe∗3

∗1
∗2
∗3

Toyota Central Research and Development Labs., Inc.
EPFL & PSI, Switzerland
RIKEN Nishina Center- 260 -

0.5
(a)

6

-1

∆ (10 s )

0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.8
0.6

x=0.67x=0.85x=0.90x=0.95x=1.00

LiCo1-xNixO2

(b)

6

-1

ν(10 s )Diﬀusion coeﬃcient of Li+ ions (DLi ) in solids is usually evaluated by 7 Li-NMR.1) However, for materials
containing magnetic ions, Li-NMR provides very limited information on DLi , because of the eﬀect of electron spins on the spin-lattice relaxation rate (1/T1 ).
2,3)
Note that positive electrode materials of Li-ion
batteries all include transition metal ions to compensate charge neutrality during the Li+ intercalation anddeintercalation reaction. On the contrary, µ+ sees aninternal magnetic ﬁeld caused by both electrons andnuclei in a zero ﬁeld (ZF). Thus, µ+ SR extracts thenuclear ﬁeld even in such positive electrode materials4) by combining with weak longitudinal ﬁeld (LF)measurements.5) For the positive electrode materials,
since Li ions are known to be more mobile than µ+ due
to a strong µ+ -O bond, the hopping rate (ν) estimatedby µ+ SR reﬂects the dynamics of the Li ions.4,6)
A solid solution system between LiCoO2 andLiNiO2 , i.e. Li(Co1−x Nix )O2 in the rhombohedral
symmetry with space group R3m is widely used incommercial Li-ion batteries. According to the previous
experiment on Li(Co1−x Nix )O2 with x = 0, 0.33, 0.67,
and 1, ν above ambient T drastically increased withincreasing x. Since the ν(T ) curve for the x = 0.67
sample is clearly diﬀerent from that for LiNiO2 , wehave measured ZF- and LF- spectra for the samples
with x = 0.85, 0.90, and 0.95.
Figure 1 shows the T dependences of the ﬁeld distribution width (∆) and ν for the x = 0.67 − 1 samples. For all the samples, as T increases from 50 K, ∆decreases linearly up to ∼ 250 K, then looks to be T independent until ∼ 400 K, and ﬁnally decreases withfurther increasing T . Here, ∆ is mainly determinedby the nuclear ﬁeld of Li, because µ+ locates at thevicinity of the O2− ion with dµ−O = 1 Å, but not in
the Co1−x Nix O6 octahedron. As a result, ∆ is not sensitive to x. On the other hand, for the present threesamples, ν increases with T until 225 K, then decreases
with T until 450 K, and then increases again with T .
Note that a stoichiometric LiNiO2 has never beenobtained by a solid state reaction technique. A small
amount of Ni ions are always located in the Li plane7)
due to the similarity in ionic radii between Li+ andNi3+ (see Fig. 2). Thus, the correct formula of LiNiO2
3+
2+
2+
is (Li+1−y Niy )(Ni1−y Niy )O2 with y ≤ 0.02. The Ni
ions in the Li plane suppress Li-diﬀusion.6) But, Co
substitution for Ni is known to reduce y.8) Thus, it isexpected that Li-diﬀusion increases with the Co con-

0.4
0.2
0
0

100 200 300 400 500
TEMPERATURE (K)Fig. 1. Temperature dependences of ∆ and ν for
LiCo1−x Nix O2 with x = 0.67, 0.85, 0.90, 0.95, and 1.

Fig. 2. Crystal structure of LiNiO2 .

tent, against to the present result. In order to further
understand the diﬀusion nature, it is highly required toinvestigate the Li-deﬁcient samples, which is preparedby the Li+ deintercalation reaction, with µ+ SR, because the direct jump of Li+ from the regular site to thenearest deﬁcient site is predominant for Li-diﬀusion.
References
1) P. Heitjans and S. Indris, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter,
15, R1257 (2003).
2) C. P. Grey and N. Dupré, Chem. Rev. 104, 4493 (2004).
3) K. Nakamura, Solid State Ionics 121, 301 (1999).
4) J. Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 147601 (2009).
5) R. S. Hayano et al., PRB 20, 850 (1979).
6) J. Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. B 82, 224412 (2010).
7) J. E. Reimers et al., Solid State Chem. 102, 542 (1993).
8) T. Ohzuku et al., Electrochim. Acta 38, 1159 (1993).

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Muon Detection of Spin-Polarized Conduction Electrons Induced by
Circularly-Polarized Direct Band Excitation in n-type Si
H.W.K. Tom,*1 K. Nagamine,*1,*2 K. Shimomura,*2 K. Yokoyama,*3 J. Muse,*1
K. Ishida,*3 F.L. Pratt,*4 I. Shiraki,*5 A.D. Pant,*5 and E. Torikai*5

*1
*2
*3
*4
*5

0
−1
−2
−3
−4
−5
−6

σ+
σ−

Asymmetry (%)

Fig. 1: Ref [4]. (L) Si interband transition degeneraciesfor - excitation. (R) Degree of Spin Polarization vsphoton energy in LDA and kp approximations.
Asymmetry (%)

We investigated the possibility that muon spin-relaxation
can be used to detect the spin-polarization of conduction
electrons in the indirect bandgap semiconductor Silicon.
Spin-polarized conduction electrons can be detected
optically in direct bandgap semiconductors (i.e., GaAs)
through known selection rules at the bandgap. However,Silicon, arguably the most technologically important
semiconductor, has no optical analog due to its indirect
bandgap. SR has intrinsic spin-polarization sensitivity and,
if able to detect spin polarization in Silicon, may advance Si
spintronics. Implanted muons in Si interact with electrons toform bound muonium states. In a mechanism originallyproposed by Torikai1), anti-parallel conduction electrons
may exchange with parallel bound electrons in triplet
muonium converting it to singlet muonium which would be
detectable by enhanced depolarization of the muon spin.
Earlier we demonstrated that SR was sensitive tolaser-injected spin-polarized electrons in n-GaAs2).
Circularly-polarized, 7 ns duration, laser pulses with photon
energy tuned below bandgap injected 50% spin-polarized
electrons throughout the bulk of a 350 micron thick wafer.
Experiments at all B-field and wavelengths are consistent
with the laser-excitation enhancing spin-relaxation ofmuons in only one species, Mu-. The amplitude reduction islarger for anti-parallel polarized conduction electrons
consistent with the proposed exchange mechanism.
We performed similar experiments on n-Si. Although it isgenerally accepted that optical spin-injection is forbiddenby the indirect bandgap of Si, a recent density functional
theory calculation by Nastos, et al.4) shows that at the direct
bandgap, the degeneracy factors for the transitions are asshown in Fig. 1 (left)) and lead to a degree of spinpolarization vs photon energy shown in Fig. 1 (right).
Samples were 300 m thick wafers of n-Si with
evaporated Au and ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrodes forvoltage-biased transport of the injected electrons. Muons
were implanted in the 100 m region closest to thelaser-excitation side of the sample. Typical data are asshown in Fig. 2 (Left), for the case of B=1000 G at 20K.
The laser pulse arriving at 0.8 s induces a step-like change
in the F-B asymmetry that can reduce as much as 50% of
the total F-B asymmetry in <300 ns. Unlike GaAs, however,the laser-induced change effects multiple species. Three
species are known in n-Si: Tetrahedral (T) muonium, bondcentered (BC) muonium, and the negative ion (T) Mu-.

0.1
0.05

σ+ − σ−0−0.05

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Time (µs)−0.1

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Time (µs)

Fig. 2. (Left) n-Si F-B Asymmetry change induced by 372
nm laser excitation. + and - changes and best fit. (Right)
+-- best fit difference.
F-B Asymmetry vs time without laser excitation shows afixed component and an exponentially decaying component,
fitting A+Bexp(-t). The laser-induced change (+-Laser
off) and (--Laser off) can be fit by A+B exp(-t). HereA and B are both ~ -2.5%. The solid blue and red lines
are the best fits to the data for + and -. The difference
between the best fit lines (+- -) is shown in Fig. 2 (right).
Spin-dependent A+-=0.0730.082 and B+-=-0.140.13
with 25M events for each laser helicity (100M events total,
50M laser off). We will need significantly higher statistics(15X) to resolve this effect at <0.02% F-B asymmetry. We
repeated this measurement at 12 photon energies spanning
3.32 to 3.64 eV, the spectral range in Fig. 1. The signs of
A+- and B+- are opposite to each other within
experimental uncertainty for all 12 photon energies
although the sign of A+- was not always positive. The
opposing signs are experimentally significant for the data
set as a whole, but we have no explanation presently.
Future followup experiments will require finding ways torestrict the SR signal to one species such as via ALC
resonance, increasing signal to noise and statistics, and/or
finding the optical wavelength of maximum spin-injection
by some other technique (e.g. spin-polarized fluorescence).
References
1) E. Torikai, et al.: Physica B 289-290, 558 (2000).
2) K. Yokoyama, et al.: Physica B 404, 856 (2009); Physics
Procedia 30, 231 (2012).
3) K.H. Chow, et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 76, 3790 (1996).
4) F. Nastos, et al.: Phys. Rev. B 76, 205113 (2007).

Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside
Muon Science Laboratory, IMSS, KEK
RIKEN Nishina Center
ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi- 261 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Response of muonium to oxygen impurities in hemoglobin and other biologicalaqueous solutions for application to studies on hypoxia
K. Nagamine,*1, *2, *3 A.D. Pant, *4 E. Torikai,*4 K.Shimomura, *3 F.L. Pratt, *5 H. Ariga, *6 K. Ishida, *7 and J.S. Schultz *7
Hypoxia, or low oxygenation, is known as an importantfactor in tumor biology; in cancer patients, an accurate
measurement of O2 concentration in specific regions may
prove important in the management of treatment andoutcome of the disease1). For this purpose, improved O2
detection methods are required. Several trials that employ

PET, MRI and EPR have been conducted1).

In this article, we propose the use of µ+ as a newsensitive method to probe the existence of paramagnetic O2
in cancerous tumors in the human body. The µ+ in water
is known to take the states of diamagnetic µ+ such asµ+OH (60%), paramagnetic muonium (Mu, µ+ + e-) (20%),and a missing fraction (20%). In Mu, a half becomes anortho state with spin 1, providing a spin rotation signal witha precession pattern (1.39 MHz/G) that is 100 times fasterthan that of diamagnetic µ+. There have been experimental
studies on the oxygen-dissolving effects of the spin
relaxation rate (λMu) of paramagnetic Mu in pure water due
to electron spin exchange interactions with paramagnetic O2
in water; the rate change of λMu against O2 concentration is(1.8 ± 0.1) ×1010 (litr/mol) s-1 2). The sensitivity for PO2 (μ)
in pulsed µSR becomes 0.5 ×10-6 ~ 0.5 ×10-3 (mol/litr). The
PO2(μ)/PO2(s.l.) becomes 0.4 × 10-3 ~ 0.4, which perfectly
corresponds to the condition in hypoxia. The unsolved

problem regarding the muon method is the backgroundeffect of other magnetic molecules, which provides the
motivation for the present study.

The experiment was conducted at Port 2 of
RIKEN-RAL using 60 MeV/c decay positive muons.
Spin rotation and its relaxation were detected under
2.2 G transverse fields and at room temperature. In
pure water, the Mu spin precession was found to achieve
faster relaxation against increase in O2, and this result is
consistent with the existing data2).
The biological samples are as follows. 1) Albumin:

Before measuring the O2 dependence of λMu, its
dependence on the concentration of each biologicalmolecule was systematically measured. The decreasing rateof λMu was obtained as 25 MHz/(g/litr) for albumin, 1
MHz/(vol. %) for serum and 3.1 MHz/(g/litr) for Hb
Then, by determining the relevant concentration foreach molecule, the O2 dependence of λMu was measured.
The results for these three aqueous solutions are
summarized in Fig. 1. The λMu in these biological aqueous
solutions was found to experience an almost similar change
in relaxation against increasing O2 concentration as that forpure water. For Hb, λMu was expected to exhbit a different
behavior since the increase in O2 makes decrease ofmagnetic Deoxy-Hb and increase of non-magnetic Oxy-Hb
causing the decrease in λMu. By solving Hill’s equation3),
such an effect can be predicted. The obtained result is very
encouraging for application to hypoxia; there is one-to-one
correspondence between λMu and O2 concentration, whichallows the unique determination of PO2
Before carrying out the clinical application of the
proposed method to studies on hypoxia, it is important to
conduct systematic studies on the behavior of O2 impurities
in various other biological aqueous systems, especially withhigh-concentration Hb. On the other hand, by using theconcept of the advanced µ+ beam, which is an accelerated
beam of ultra-slow muon, one can expect the stopping
region confinement to be 10 µm3 at cm-region depth of thehuman body. Thus, we are approaching a realization of theadvanced cancer inspection by using muons appears
possible.

Bovin serum (plasma) albumin is a single
polypeptide chain consisting of about 583 aminoacid residues and no carbohydrates. 2) Serum:
Donor horse serum is sterile filtered serum thathas been screened for mycoplasma andadventitous viruses. 3) Hemoglobin (Hb):Polymerized hemoglobin of bovine origin in a
lactated Ringer’s solution at 13 % concentration.
It is violet-colored taken and is as deoxy-Hb.

Atomic Physics Laboratory, RIKEN*2
Physics & Astronomy, University of California, Riverside*3
Muon Science Laboratory, IMSS, KEK*4Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi*5
ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory*6
Catalysis Research Center, Hokkaido University*7
RIKEN Nishina Center*8
Bio-Engineering, University of California, Riverside

Fig. 1 Summary of dependence on O2 concentration of muonium
relaxation rates in pure water and water solution of 0.04 wt. %albumin, 0.5 vol. % serum and 0.07 wt. % hemoglobin.

*1

References

1) J.L. Tatum et al., Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 82, 699 (2006).
2) E. Roduner et al., J. Chem. Faraday Trans. 91, 1935 (1995).
3) M. Samaja et al., Clin. Chem. 20, 110 (1983).
4) K. Nagamine, J. Phys. Soc. Japan, in press (2014).

- 262 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of room-temperature thermal-muonium-emitting
material for ultra-slow muon production
S. Okada,∗1 P. Bakule,∗2 G.A. Beer,∗3 Y. Fujiwara,∗1,∗4 K. Ishida,∗1 M. Iwasaki,∗1 S. Kanda,∗1,∗4 H. Kawai,∗5
N. Kawamura,∗6 R. Kitamura,∗4 W. Lee,∗7 G.M. Marshall,∗8 Y. Matsuda,∗9 T. Mibe,∗10 Y. Miyake,∗6
S. Nishimura,∗4 Y. Oishi,∗1 A. Olin,∗3,∗8 N. Saito,∗4,∗10 K. Shimomura,∗6 P. Strasser,∗6 M. Tabata,∗5,∗11
D. Tomono,∗12 K. Ueno,∗10 E. Won,∗7 and K. Yokoyama∗13
Ultra-slow muons, which are positive muons having an energy of a few electron volts, are useful tools
for producing variable-energy muon beams with extraordinarily small energy spread by accelerating themthrough an electrostatic ﬁeld. This technique will extend µSR (muon spin rotation and relaxation) studies to thin ﬁlms, surfaces and interfaces, and nanostructures, which has not yet been achieved by theconventional µSR technique using surface muons. This
technique has also attracted attention for use in measuring the muon anomalous magnetic moment g-2 andelectric dipole moment at J-PARC1) , which requires anintense muon beam having an extremely small transverse momentum.
Ultra-slow muon production has been realized by
two-photon resonant laser ionization of thermal muonium atoms (µ+ e− , Mu) emitted into vacuum, wheretungsten foils heated to 2300 K have been employed asa Mu-emitting material2) .
On the other hand, silica (SiO2 ) powder is known asa Mu-emitting material at room temperature3) . The
room-temperature target resulting in even lower Mu
energies than that from a hot tungsten target (2300 K→ 300 K) has the following signiﬁcant merits:

standing and are generally unfavorable in terms of handling and vacuum pumping.
In the TRIUMF S1249 experiment, we have investigated the possible use of a silica aerogel that has thesame chemical composition as silica powder but is aself-standing solid with extremely low density.
In the earlier measurement of S1249, Mu emission
from silica aerogel into vacuum has been successfully
observed4) , and the recent measurement (in Oct 2013)
yielded promising results in terms of the Mu emission yields with aerogels having a surface with submillimeter structures such as pores (which increase surface area), e.g., laser-drilled aerogel, as shown in the insets of Fig. 1. This result indicates that Mus producednear the surface of the aerogel are essential for vacuum
emission. Detailed data analysis is now in progress.
For practical-scale development, we are now preparing an ultra-slow muon beamline dedicated to the research and development of practical ultra-slow muon
production with room-temperature targets at RIKENRAL port3.

• Experimentally easy to handle in terms of the operation temperature (no large radiant heat)• Smaller emittance of the ionized source due to thelower energies• Smaller spatial spread and smaller Doppler broadening of the resonant line for Mu excitation (as aresult of the lower Mu energy distribution), leading to a more eﬃcient use of the available laser
power
Despite the many advantages, silica powder has not
yet been employed for ultra-slow muon production.
This is simply because powdery materials are not self∗1

RIKEN Nishina Center
ELI Beamlines Project Division, FZU∗3 Department of Physics and Astronomy, UVic
∗4 Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo∗5 Department of Physics, Chiba University∗6 IMSS, KEK∗7 Department of Physics, Korea University∗8 Science Division, TRIUMF∗9 Department of Basic Science, The University of Tokyo∗10 IPNS, KEK∗11 ISAS, JAXA
∗12 Department of Physics, Kyoto University∗13 School of Physics and Astronomy, QMUL
∗2

Fig. 1. Photograph of the experimental setup of the recent
TRIUMF S1249 experiment. The insets show a laserdrilled aerogel used as a Mu-emitting material (right)
and the surface (left).

References
1) T. Nagae (ed): Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., Special issue
2 (2012).
2) K. Nagamine et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4811 (1995);
P. Bakule et al., NIM B 266, 355 (2008).
3) G. A. Beer et al.: Phys. Rev. Lett. 57, 671 (1986).
4) P. Bakule et al.: Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys., 103C01(2013).

- 263 -

Ⅲ-2. Atomic & Solid State Physics (Muon)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Precision measurement of muonium hyperfine splitting at J-PARC;
development of high-rate positron detector
S. Kanda,∗1,∗2 on behalf of J-PARC MuHFS Collaboration
Muonium is the bound state of a positive muon
and an electron. In the standard model of particle
physics, muonium is considered as the two-body system of structureless leptons.
At J-PARC, we plan to measure muonium’s hyperﬁne splitting precisely. Our experiment has three major objectives: test of QED with the highest accuracy,
precision measurement of the ratio of muon’s magnetic
moment to proton’s magnetic moment, and search for
CPT violation via the oscillation with sidereal variations.
The experimental methodology is microwave spectroscopy of muonium. Figure 1 shows the conceptual overview of the experiment. Spectroscopy of theenergy states can be performed by measurement of
positron decay asymmetry.
The uncertainty of the most recent experimental result[1] was mostly statistical (more than 90% of total
uncertainty). Hence, improved statistics is essential
for higher precision of the measurement. Our goal is
to improve accuracy by an order of magnitude compared to the most recent experiment. For the improvement of precision, we use the J-PARC’s highestintensity pulsed muon beam and highly segmented
positron detector with SiPM (Silicon PhotoMultiplier).
After the improvement of statistical precision, reduction of systematic uncertainty becomes more important to reduce systematic uncertainty. Thus, we reduce the systematic uncertainty by using a longer cavity, a high-precision superconducting magnet, and an
online/oﬄine beam proﬁle monitor.
The detector system consists of several layers of hodoscopes and fast readout circuits with custom ASIC
and FPGA-based multi hit TDC. Important requirements of the positron detector are high event rate capability and high detection eﬃciency. The designed
muon beam intensity at J-PARC MUSE H-Line is
1 × 108 µ+ /s.
To establish the optimal design of the positron detector, we developed GEANT4-based Monte-Carlo simulation tools. Figure 2 shows a simulated muon stopping
distribution in the target gas chamber. Under realistic conditions, the highest instantaneous event rate isabout 3 MHz/cm2 . The resonance lineshape was calculated numerically, and the systematic uncertainty of
the resonance frequency due to the detector speciﬁcation was evaluated as a function of the detector performance. Based on the results of the simulation study,
a new prototype of the detector is under development∗1∗2

and a test experiment with high-intensity pulsed muon
beam at J-PARC was performed in February of 2014.

Fig. 1. Experimental overview

Fig. 2. Simulated muon stopping distribution

References
1) W. Liu et al.: PRL. 82, 711 (1999).
2) S. Kanda et al.: KEK-MSL Progress Report 2012B0117(2013)
3) S. Kanda et al.: Proceedings of the USM2013 (to be
published)

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Physics, University of Tokyo- 264 -

3. Radiochemistry and Nuclear ChemistryⅢ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Cross-section measurement of the 248 Cm(19 F,5n)262 Db reaction
M. Murakami,∗1,∗2 S. Goto,∗1 K. Ooe,∗1 S. Tsuto,∗1 R. Aono,∗1 H. Haba,∗2 M. Huang,∗2 J. Kanaya,∗2
S. Shibata,∗2 and H. Kudo∗1∗1∗2

Department of Chemistry, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 265 -of the Mylar foil in MANON. After the aerosol collection, the wheel was stepped at 20-s nominal interval
to move the foils between the detector pair. Because
the long-lived activities were accumulated during theirradiation, the wheels containing the Mylar foils were
replaced every 6 h. While exchanging the wheels, theaerosols were collected on the glass filters in the collection chamber, and the glass filters were subjectedto γ-ray spectrometry to verify whether the yields of170
Ta were stable.
Figure 1 shows the sum of the measured α-spectrain the 2nd–7th top detectors, corresponding to a timeinterval of 20–140 s. A beam dose of 1.91 × 1017 wasaccumulated. In Fig. 1, α events of 262 Db (α branchbα = 48%, α energies Eα = 8.46 MeV (70%) and 8.68
MeV (30%)1) ) and its daughter nuclide 258 Lr (T1/2 =3.9 s, bα = 97.4%, Eα = 8.565, 8.595, 8.621, and 8.654
MeV5) ) are clearly recognized. However, α lines ofby-products such as Po isotopes are also observed inthe α-energy region of 262 Db and 258 Lr. Analyses of
the time-correlated α-α pairs are needed to extract theααdecay chains of 262 Db → 258 Lr →. Further analyses ofthe obtained data are in progress.
Po
7.275
211m
254
7.995
Po
7.150, 7.192 Fm
215
8.026 At
214
213
7.687
Po
8.375 Po7.741 217Rn
262
8.46, 8.68 Db
258
8.565, 8.595, 8.621 Lr
211m
8.883
Po

50

10
0

7

8

9
10
Energy (MeV)

212m

20

11.660

30

Po

211m

40
Counts / 20 keV

The isotope 262 Db (T1/2 = 33.8 s1) ) is used in thechemical studies of element 105, Db. One of the commonly used direct synthetic routes of 262 Db is the reaction of 19 F with 248 Cm. Few cross sections are available for this reaction, but there is a large discrepancy
among these data. Dressler et al.2) reported a production cross section of 0.26+0.15−0.09 nb at 106.5 MeV.
3)
Nagame et al. reported a cross section of 1.3 ± 0.4 nb
at nearly the same energy, 106 MeV. The same groupalso reported a maximum cross section of 1.5 ± 0.4 nb
at 103 MeV.4) Thus, the cross-section data are inadequate, and the optimal beam energy to produce 262 Db
is not clear. Therefore, we plan to measure the excitation function of the 248 Cm(19 F,5n)262 Db reaction
to effectively produce 262 Db for the future chemical
experiments of Db. First, in this work, we produced262
Db at 102 MeV.
A 248 Cm2 O3 target of 460-µg/cm2 thickness and 9mm diameter was prepared by electrodeposition onto
a Be foil of 1.8-mg/cm2 thickness. nat Gd2 O3 of 23µg/cm2 thickness was admixed with the target material to simultaneously produce 170 Ta (T1/2 = 6.76
min) via the nat Gd(19 F,xn)170 Ta reaction. A 19 F7+beam of 124.9 MeV supplied by the AVF cyclotron
was passed through a 3.2-mg/cm2 Be vacuum window,
0.10 mg/cm2 of He cooling gas, and the Be backing
foil before it entered the target. The primary beamenergy was measured using time-of-flight apparatus.
The beam energy at the middle of the target was 101.9
MeV, and the energy degradation in the target was estimated to be 1.0 MeV. The average beam intensity
was approximately 440 pnA.
The reaction products recoiling out of the target
were stopped in 102.0-kPa He gas in the recoil chamber, attached to KCl aerosols generated by sublimation of KCl powder at 640◦ C, and continuously transported with a flow rate of 2.5 L/min to the rotating
wheel detection system MANON (Measurement system for Alpha-particle and spontaneous fissioN ONline) through a 8.6-m Teflon capillary with 1.59-mm
inner diameter. MANON has 7 pairs of Si PIN photodiodes, and the counting efficiency of each photodiodewas 38%. In MANON, the aerosols were deposited on
Mylar foils of 0.5-µm thickness, 40 of which were seton the periphery of a rotating wheel 420 mm in diameter. The gas-jet transport efficiency was estimatedto be 53.5 ± 2.0% by comparing the collected yields of
170
Ta on the 10-µm Be catcher foil placed immediately
behind the target and on the Al foil set to the position

11

12

Fig. 1. Sum of α spectra measured in the 2nd–7th top detectors of MANON.

References
1) H. Haba et al.: In this report.
2) R. Dressler et al.: Phys. Rev. C 59, 3433 (1999).
3) Y. Nagame et al.: J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 3, 85 (2002).
4) K. Tsukada et al.: Radiochim. Acta 97, 83 (2009).
5) R. B. Firestone and V. S. Shirley: Table of Isotopes, 8thed. (John Wiley & Sons, 1996).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Excitation functions for production of Nb and Ta isotopes in the(d,x) reactions on nat Zr and nat Hf up to 24 MeV
M. Murakami,∗1,∗2 H. Haba,∗1 S. Goto,∗2 and H. Kudo∗2∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Chemistry, Niigata University- 266 -

sections reported by Gonchar et al.7) , those reported
by Tárkányi et al.,8) and those calculated by the
TALYS code6) are compared. The data reported byGonchar et al.7) and Tárkányi et al.8) show a similar
shape of the excitation function with a systematicallyhigher magnitude. The TALYS code also indicates asimilar shape of the excitation function but lower values than the measured ones. The cross sections of thenat
Hf(d,x)179 Ta reaction were measured for the firsttime, as shown in Fig. 1(b). The measured excitation
function exhibits the maximum cross section of 489 ±50 mb at 21.1 ± 0.4 MeV. Again, the calculated crosssections by TALYS indicate lower values, though theshape of the excitation function is similar.
Thick-target yields of 95m,g Nb and 179 Ta were deduced from the measured cross sections and the stopping power given by the SRIM-2008 program.5) The
deduced yields for beam energies up to 24 MeV were
1.3, 0.40, and 0.21 MBq/(µA·h) for 95m Nb, 95g Nb, and179
Ta, respectively.
600

60
50
40

nat

95m+g

Zr(d,x)Nb
This work
Gonchar (1993)
Tarkanyi (2004)
TALYS

Cross section (mb)natCross section (mb)

The isotopes 95g Nb (T1/2 = 34.991 d) and 179 Ta(T1/2 = 1.82 y) are useful radiotracers for the basic
studies of the element 105, Db. We have investigatedthe production of these radiotracers by the activationof nat Zr and nat Hf with a 14-MeV proton beam supplied by the RIKEN AVF cyclotron.1) From the AVF
cyclotron, a deuteron beam is also available.2,3) Activation by the deuteron beam is one of the widely used
and well-studied methods to produce the radiotracers.
However, the production cross sections of 95g Nb by the(d,x) reaction are scanty compared to those of the (p,x)
reactions. Furthermore, the cross sections of 179 Ta inthe (d,x) reaction have not been reported. In this work,
we measured the excitation functions for the production of 95g Nb and 179 Ta as well as other isotopes in the(d,x) reactions on nat Zr and nat Hf.
The excitation functions were measured with astacked-foil technique. For the measurement of thecross sections of Nb isotopes, thin foils of nat Zr (20µm thickness), nat Ti (20 µm thickness), and nat Ta (20µm and 10 µm thickness) were stacked alternately andused as a target. The nat Ti foils were used to determine the beam energy and intensity by measuring theexcitation function of the nat Ti(d,x)48 V reaction, andthe nat Ta foils were also used as the energy degrader.
For measurement of the cross sections of Ta isotopes,
thin foils of nat Hf (25 µm thickness) and nat Ti (20 µm
thickness) were stacked alternately. The size of all thefoils was 15 × 15 mm2 . Both stacks were irradiatedby the 24-MeV deuteron beam supplied by the AVF
cyclotron for 30 min. The beam was collimated toa diameter of 9 mm, and the average beam currents
were 0.48 µA and 046 µA for the Zr/Ti/Ta and Hf/Ti
stacks, respectively. After irradiation and proper cooling, γ- and X-rays of each foil were measured by the
Ge detectors.
The production cross sections were derived by thewell-known activation formula.4) The beam energies
in the individual target foils were calculated with the
SRIM-2008 program.5) The experimental data werecompared with the cross section data culculated by
the TALYS-1.4 code.6)
The cross sections of 90g,91m,92m,95m,95g,96 Nb,
95,97
Zr, and 87m,87g,88 Y were measured in thenatZr(d,x) reactions, whereas the production cross sections of 175,176,178,179,180g Ta and 175,179m2,180m,181 Hf
were measured in the nat Hf(d,x) reactions. Figure 1(a) shows the excitation function of thenatZr(d,x)95m+g Nb reaction. In Fig. 1(a), the cross

30
20
10
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Deuteron energy (MeV)

30

500

179

Hf(d,x) Ta
This work
TALYS

400
300
200
100
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Deuteron energy (MeV)

Fig. 1. Excitation functions of (a) nat Zr(d,x)95m+g Nb reaction and (b) nat Hf(d,x)179 Ta reaction.

References
1) M. Murakami et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 247(2013).
2) M. U. Khandaker et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B 296, 14 (2013).
3) M. U. Khandaker et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. B 316, 33 (2013).
4) M. S. Uddin et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 258, 313 (2007).
5) J. F. Ziegler et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 268, 1818 (2010).
6) A. J. Koning et al.: in Proceedings of the International
Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology, edited by O. Bersillon et al. (EDP Sciences, 2008),
p. 211.
7) A. V. Gonchar et al.: Atomnaya Énergiya 75, 205(1993).
8) F. Tárkányi et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res.
B 217, 373 (2004).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Production cross sections of (d,x) reactions on natural irons†
M. U. Khandaker,＊1 H. Haba,＊2 J. Kanaya,＊2 and N. Otsuka＊3
extracted from the TENDL-2012 library based on the
TALYS code. The deduced thick-target yields indicate that a
low-energy (<13 MeV) cyclotron and a highly enriched 54Fe
target could be used to obtain the high purity product 55Co,
which is a long-lived positron emitter used in clinicalapplications.

The method for obtaining accurate information of lightcharged-particle-induced reaction cross sections has
generated significant interest in the nuclear data community
because these reactions are being increasingly used innuclear medicine, accelerator and nuclear technology, andthe testing of nuclear reaction theories. Recently, weinvestigatedtheproduction
cross
sectionsof
deuteron-induced radionuclides from various target
elements because measured data of the (d,x) processes arelimited compared to those of (p,x) processes. A survey ofexisting literature shows that several investigations havebeen conducted for the natFe(d,x) reactions, leading tovarious applications. The formation of the 55Co radionuclide
via the natFe(d,x) reaction is useful in PET imaging
procedures, especially for diagnosing slower metabolic
processes1). It also plays an important role as a label for
bleomycin in diagnostic nuclear medicine, and more
recently, in some cardiac and cerebral studies. Several
authors2) successfully applied 55Co as a PET imaging agent
in studies of ischemic stroke for quantifying cerebrospinal
fluid kinetics in the brain, and they suggested that its
effective clinical use is limited up to 48 h because of the
production of the 56Co contaminant. 55Co was also applied
as a potential renal imaging agent through the dynamic PET
imaging of animal renal functions3). Therefore, accurate
determination of the production cross sections of thenatFe(d,x)55Co reaction is required because of its great
importance in various practical applications, especially innuclear medicine.
The objective of the present study was to report the latest
cross sections of the natFe(d,x)55,56,57,58g+mCo,52g,54,56Mn, 51Cr,
59
Fe reactions that were measured with a high precision
over the energy range of 2–24 MeV using the AVF
cyclotron facility of the RIKEN RI Beam Factory, Wako,
Japan. Details on the irradiation technique, radioactivity
determination, and data evaluation procedures are available
in Ref.4). A brief description of the model codes used in thiswork is also available elsewhere4). Owing to the space
limitation of this report, we present only the natFe(d,x)55Co
cross sections and the deduced yield in Figs. 1 and 2,
respectively. Measured cross sections with an overall
uncertainty of about 12% are listed in Ref.4). The
cross-sections were normalized by using the natTi(d,x)48V
monitor cross sections recommended by IAEA. Measured
data were critically compared with the available literature
data, and an overall good agreement was found. However,
only partial agreements were obtained with the data

18

Coetzee & Peisach, '72 (Norm)Tao et al., '84 (Norm)
Zhao et al., '95
Zaman and Qaim, '96 (Norm)
Hermanne et al., '00
Nakao et al., '06
Kiraly et al., '09

Cross Section (mb)

15
12
9

Zavorka et al., '11 (Norm)
This work
TENDL-2011

6
3
0

0

5

10

15

20

25

Deuteron Energy (MeV)

Fig. 1. Excitation function of the natFe(d,x)55Co reaction.

Integral Yield (MBq/µA-h)

1255

Yield: Co
Dmitriev et al., '82
Sharma et al., '86 (Norm)

10
8
6
4
2
0

0

3

6

9

12

15

18

21

24

27

Deuteron Energy (MeV)

Fig. 2. Physical thick target yields for the 55Co radionuclide.

References
1) H. Sharma, J. Zweit, A. M. Smith, S. Downey et al.:Appl. Radiat. Isot. 37, 105 (1986).
2) J. De Reuck, K. Vonck, P. Santens, P. Boon, J. De
Bleecker, K. Strijckmans, I. Lemahieu: J. Neurol. Sci.
181, 13 (2000).
3) P. Goethals, A. Volkaert, C. Vandewielle, R. Dierckx, N.
Lameire: Nucl. Med. Biol. 27, 77 (2000).
4) M. U. Khandaker, H. Haba, J. Kanaya, N. Otuka: Nucl.
Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 316, 33 (2013).

†

Condensed from the article in Nucl. Inst. Meths. B. 316, 33 (2013).
Department of Physics, University of Malaya, KualaLumpur, Malaysia＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria＊1- 267 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Deuteron activation cross sections for monitor reactions
N. Otuka,∗1,∗2 H. Haba,∗1 M. Murakami,∗1 and M.U. Khandaker∗3
Structural materials in fusion energy devices like
ITER are expected to be exposed to intense neutron
flux. Therefore, material tests are important in fusionenergy technology. The International Fusion Material
Irradiation Facility (IFMIF) is a candidate facility formaterial tests. Intense neutrons consisting of a peakaround 15 MeV are planned to be produced in IFMIF
using the 7 Li(d,n) reaction with intense (125 mA +125 mA) deuteron beams that are accelerated to 35 to
40 MeV by two linear accelerators1) . The prototype isunder construction in Rokkasho, Japan within IFMIF
Engineering Design Activities (IFMIF/EVEDA). In
addition to generating high energy tail (d,n) neutrons
up to 55 MeV, the deuteron beams also activate thesurrounding materials of the test facility. To perform
activation calculations2) for radiation safety, it is necessary to measure the radioisotope production crosssections for deuteron induced reactions. Accordingly, a
deuteron induced reaction sublibrary was added to thelatest version of the Fusion Evaluated Nuclear Data
Library (FENDL-3.0)3) . Deuteron-induced reactions
could also be useful for efficient radioisotope production. For various applications, we have started themeasurements of radioisotope production cross sections for various deuteron-induced reactions by the
AVF cyclotron of the RIKEN RIBF.
Radioisotope production cross sections for chargedparticle induced reactions are often measured throughmonitor reactions. Recommended cross sections of various monitor reactions are distributed from the IAEA
Nuclear Data Section4,5) , and we have also adopted
their recommended 27 Al(d,x)24 Na and nat Ti(d,x)48 V
cross sections in our experimental studies6,7) .
In addition to the best estimate of the cross sections,
their uncertainties also become important for modern
applications of nuclear reaction cross sections. This
point has been stressed on for many decades for low energy neutron-induced reaction applications in relation
to critical and radiation safety, and experimentalists
are urged to perform error propagation and its documentation properly8) . This is also a common issue
for people who report charged-particle induced reaction cross sections for applications. The recommended
cross section for the monitor reaction is a major sourceof the correlated uncertainty in various experimental
works, and its uncertainty must be well-known prior
to the error propagation. For the standard neutroninduced reactions like 235 U(n,f), IAEA standard crosssections are provided with their uncertainties and co∗1
∗2
∗3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency
Department of Physics, University of Malaya- 268 -

variance matrices9) . However, we currently assume an
uncertainty of 5% in the IAEA recommended cross sections in its error propagation to our measured crosssections because their uncertainties are not provided.
This issue is currently being discussed in an IAEA Coordinated Research Project10) . However, we decided
to determine the uncertainties in the monitor reaction cross sections by ourselves for more appropriate
error propagation in our future deuteron-induced isotope production cross section experiments. The purpose of this work is to determine the cross sections
and their uncertainties for three monitor reactions
27
Al(d,x)24 Na, nat Ti(d,x)48 V, and nat Cu(d,x)65 Zn byusing the stacked target activation technique.
A target stack consisting of Al foils (25 µm and50 µm thick), Ti foils (20 µm thick), and Cu foils(12.5 µm and 25 µm thick) was prepared and irradiated by a deuteron beam (about 200 nA) extracted
from the AVF cyclotron of the RIKEN RIBF for twohours. In order to determine the cross sections without reference cross sections for the monitor reactions,
we provided an electric current of exactly 200 nA to
the target holder and measured the electric current by
a current integrator. We have confirmed that the current integrator may be calibrated by a very small correction factor (about 0.995). After the irradiation, thetarget stack was dissembled, and the gamma activity
measurement was started 4.25 hours after the end of
irradiation by using a germanium detector calibrated
by a multiple gamma ray emitting point source covering the gamma energy range between 60 and 1836 keV.
The off-line measurement is ongoing, and we plan toreport the cross sections with well-determined uncertainties for the three monitor reactions (27 Al(d,x)24 Na,nat
Ti(d,x)48 V, nat Cu(d,x)65 Zn) as well as other usefulreactions like nat Cu(d,x)64 Cu for positron-emitter production application.
References
1) E. Daum et al.: FZKA-5868, FZ Karlsruhe (1997).
2) R. A. Forrest et al.: Fus. Eng. Design 82, 2478 (2007).
3) R. A. Forrest et al.: INDC(NDS)-0628, IAEA (2012).
4) S. Takács et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 174, 235(2001).
5) S. Takács et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 262, 7 (2007).
6) M. U. Khandaker et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 296,
14 (2013).
7) M. U. Khandaker et al.: Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 316,
33 (2013).
8) D. L. Smith et al.: Nucl. Data Sheets 113, 3006 (2012).
9) A. D. Carlson et al.: Nucl. Data Sheets 110, 3215
(2009).
10) A. Nicols and R. Capote (ed.): INDC(NDS)-0630,
IAEA (2013).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Solvent extraction of tungsten from oxalic acid solution with Aliquat 336
toward chemical studies of seaborgium
N. Goto,＊1 K. Ooe,＊1 M. Murakami, *1, 2 H. Haba,＊2 S. Goto,＊1 and H. Kudo＊3

D = (Aorg / Vorg) / (Aaq / Vaq),
where Aorg and Aaq are the radioactivities of organic andaqueous phases, respectively, and Vorg and Vaq are thevolumes of organic and aqueous phases, respectively. The
extraction kinetics was also investigated from 1.0 × 10-2 M
oxalic acid with 0.1 M HCl/0.9 M LiCl into 2.0 × 10-3 M
Aliquat 336/toluene solution by changing the shaking timefrom 3 to 3600 s.

In the experiment of the investigation of extraction
kinetics, the D value of 181W became constant in shaking
time longer than 30 s. This result shows that the extractionof W from oxalic acid solution with Aliquat 336 is fast. The
dependence of the D values of 181W on the Aliquat 336
concentration from 1.0 × 10-2 M oxalic acid with 0.1 M
HCl/0.9 M LiCl is shown in Fig. 1. The D value of W
increases with increasing [Aliquat 336]. The slope of the Dvalue of W vs. [Aliquat 336] plot in logarithmic scale isestimated to be 0.95 ± 0.08 with a weighted least-squares
fitting. This indicates that extracted anionic oxalate
complex of W is associated with one molecule of Aliquat
336. However, in macro scale, it was reported that W is
extracted as (R3NH)2WO2(C2O4)2, where R3N shows a
trioctylamine (TOA) molecule, when the mole ratio(Oxalate / WO42-) in the aqueous phase was higher than
4.54). This discrepancy might be caused by the protonation
to the W complex in the present experimental condition.
Further experiments such as an investigation of dependenceof D value on H+ concentration would be performed for the
speciation of the extracted species.

102
101
100

D

The aqueous chemical experiments of element 106,
seaborgium (Sg), have been reported by Schädel et al. in
19971) and 19982). In these experiments, the cationexchange chromatography of Sg was conducted in
HF/HNO31) and HNO32) solutions. However, no chemical
experiments for Sg have been reported since theseexperiments. Therefore, further experimental results are
required for detailed discussion of chemical properties of Sg
in aqueous solutions. We are planning to investigate solvent
extraction behavior of Sg. Oxalic acid is a typical organicacid used as ligand for transition metals. It is reported thatmolybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W), which are lighter
homologs of Sg, form anionic oxalate complexes and are
extracted into an organic phase with ion-pair extractant. In
this work, we investigated the extraction behavior andextracted species of W from oxalic acid solution into
toluene with Aliquat 336 toward the chemical studies of Sg.
The experiments were performed using 181W in tracer scale
to prevent the formation of polyoxometalate complexes ofW.
The radiotracer 181W (T1/2 = 121.2 d) was produced in thebombardments of 24-MeV deuteron beam supplied by the
RIKEN AVF cyclotron on natTa target foils. The 181W tracer
was chemically separated from the target material by ananion exchange method and stored in 1 M HCl solution.
The solvent extraction of 181W was carried out asfollowing procedure. One μL of the tracer solution was
pipetted to a 1.5 mL polypropylene tube. Then, 700 μL of
the oxalic acid solution containing 0.1 M HCl/0.9 M LiClfor keeping ionic strength constant was added. The same
volume of Aliquat 336/toluene solution was mixed to theaqueous solution, and the mixture was shaken by amechanical shaker for 5 min. After centrifuging for 30 s,
500 μL aliquot of each phase was separately taken into vials,
and radioactivities of both phases were measured with a Ge
detector. The distribution ratio (D) of 181W was calculatedusing the following equation:

10-1
10-2 -5
10

10-4
10-3
10-2
[Aliquat336] / M

10-1

Fig. 1. Variation of the distribution ratio of 181W from 1.0 ×
10-2 M oxalic acid with 0.1 M HCl/0.9 M LiCl as a functionof the concentration of Aliquat 336.
References

1) M. Schädel et al.: Radiochim. Acta 77, 149 (1997).
2) M. Schädel et al.: Radiochim. Acta 83, 163 (1998).
3) K. Yakabe and S. Minami: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi 1983, 1045
(1983).
4) K. Yakabe, K. Iwamoto and S. Minami: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi
1985, 714 (1985).

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University＊1＊2- 269 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Solvent extraction behavior of 95gNb and 179Ta in HF medium
with tributyl phosphate
S. Tsuto,*1 M. Murakami, *1,*2 K. Ooe,*1 H. Haba,*2 J. Kanaya, *2 M. Huang,*2 S. Goto,*1 and H. Kudo*3
In a previous study,1) a long-lived isotope with a half-lifeof 27 h, 268Db, was assigned as the descendant nucleus of288
115 because of its similar chemical behavior to group-5
elements. It was also reported that the chemical behavior of
Db was similar to that of Ta rather than of Nb.1) Recently, achemical experiment on 262Db (T1/2 = 34 s) has been carriedout in a mixed HF/HNO3 solution.2) In contrast, thisexperiment showed a contrary result that the chemical
behavior of Db is similar to that of Nb. Therefore, moredetailed studies on the chemical properties of Db are required
for the clear identification of element 115. In this study,
extraction behaviors of the lighter homologs of Db, Nb andTa, and the extraction kinetics is investigated toward thechemical identification of Db. To carry out chemical
experiments of Db on a atom-at-a-time scale, the chemical
studies of Nb and Ta should be conducted on a tracer scale.
Moreover, in the experiment on Db, rapid kinetics for the
extraction equilibrium is required because only short-lived
radioisotopes of Db can be produced directly by heavy-ion
induced nuclear reactions. We tried solvent extraction with95g
Nb (T1/2 = 34.991 d) and 179Ta (T1/2 = 1.82 y) with tributyl
phosphate (TBP), which is widely used in the industrial
separation of Ta from Nb.3, 4)
The radiotracers of 95gNb and 179Ta were produced via
nat
Zr(p,xn) and natHf(p,xn) reactions, respectively, using a 14MeV proton beam supplied by the RIKEN AVF cyclotron.5)
These tracers were chemically separated from the target
materials by means of anion exchange chromatography andstored in a 1 M HF solution. After evaporation of thissolution, HF solution with a desired concentration was added
to the tracers. One milliliter of the aqueous solution with thedesired HF concentration containing 95gNb and 179Ta tracers
was mixed with the same volume of 1.8 M TBP in 1, 2dichloroethane. The mixture was shaken mechanically for
180 min at 25C. After centrifugation, 700 L aliquots ofeach phase were taken separately. Gamma- and X-rays
emitted from the 95gNb and 179Ta tracers were measured usinga Ge detector. From these results, we calculated the
distribution ratio (D) :We also studied the extraction kinetics of this system bychanging the shaking time t (t = 0.2, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 90, and 180min). In the experiment for investigating extraction kinetics
with 1.8 M TBP in 1, 2-dichloroethane and 5.4 M HF
solutions, the D values of 95gNb and 179Ta were almost
constant in the studied range of shaking time studied,suggesting that the extraction equilibrium is very fast.
Figure 1 shows HF concentration dependences of the
distribution ratios of 95gNb and 179Ta in 1.8 M TBP in 1, 2dichloroethane. When [HF]ini = 0.27 M, the D value of 179Ta
has a maximum of 346  58, while the value of 95gNb isapproximately 10-2. This indicates that Ta can be clearly
separated from Nb in the 0.27 M HF solution and the
predominant complex of Ta in HF solution varies near thisconcentration. Therefore, this experimental condition would
be suitable to investigate whether Db behaves like Nb or Ta.

For chemical experiments on short-lived Db, an on-line
rapid extraction apparatus is required. The development ofan apparatus utilizing a flow injection analysis system is inprogress.6) The on-line extraction of Nb and Ta from HF
solution into TBP will be performed using the apparatus.

Distribution ratio

103
10

2

10

1

95g

Nb

179

Ta

100
10-1
10-2
10-3 -3
10

10-2

10-1
100
[HF]ini /M

101

102

Fig. 1. HF concentration dependences of distribution ratiosof 95gNb and 179Ta into 1.8 M TBP in 1, 2-dichloroethane.

D = (Aorg / Vorg) / (Aaq / Vaq),

References

1) N. J. Stoyer et al.: Nucl. Phys. A787, 388c (2007)
2) Y. Kasamatsu et al.: Chem. Lett. 38, 1084 (2009).
3) Z. Zhu and C. Y. Cheng: Hydrometallurgy 107, 1 (2011).
4) S. Nishimura et al.: Trans. JIM 5, 79 (1964).
5) M. Murakami et al.: Appl. Radiat. Isot. in press.
6) T. Koyama et al.: In this report.

where A is the radioactivity of the metals, and V is the volumeof each phase. The subscripts aq and org denote the aqueousand organic phases, respectively.
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center*3 Faculty of Science, Niigata University*1*2- 270 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Extraction behavior of Nb and Ta with Aliquat 336 in HF solutions
D. Sato,*1 M. Murakami,*1,*2 K. Ooe,*1 H. Haba,＊2 S. Goto,*1 and H. Kudo*3
Studies on the chemical properties of transactinide
elements with atomic numbers Z ≥ 104 are extremelyinteresting. It is suggested that the chemical properties ofthese elements are different from those of their lighter
homologs because of the strong relativistic effects on thevalence electrons1). Therefore, comparative studies on thechemical behaviors of transactinide elements and theirlighter homologs are very important.
We are planning to investigate the chemical properties ofDb, which is the 105th element in the periodic table.
Because a fluoride ion is known as a strong complexing
reagent for group 5 elements2), ion-pair extractions of Nb
and Ta, which are the lighter homologs of Db, withquaternary ammonium (Aliquat 336) in HF solutions werecarried out to study complex formations of these elementswith fluoride ions.
Long-lived radiotracers, 95gNb (T1/2 = 34.97 d) and 179Ta(T1/2 = 665 d), were produced during proton bombardmentsof Zr and Hf metallic foil targets with natural isotopic
abundances, respectively, using the RIKEN AVF Cyclotron.
These radiotracers in the targets were chemically isolated
by ion-exchange separation. The tracers were dissolved in
600 μL of 1 M HF and then mixed with the same volume of
10-8-10-3 M Aliquat 336-1,2-dichloroethane solutions in a
polypropylene tube. After shaking the solutions for 5 min,followed by centrifugation, the two phases were separately
pipetted into sample tubes. The radioactivities of the two
samples were assessed with a Ge detector. Distribution
ratios (D) of Nb and Ta were obtained from the ratio of theradioactivities of the two phases.
The dependence of the distribution ratios of 95gNb and179
Ta in 1 M HF on the concentrations of Aliquat 336 areshown in Fig. 1. The results show a linear relation with aslope of ≈1 for both Nb and Ta, which indicates that
univalent anionic fluoride complexes are extracted by
Aliquat 336.
The dependences of D values of 95gNb and 179Ta on the
HF concentration were also investigated for varying HF
concentrations (10-2-10 M) with 10-4 M Aliquat336-1,2-dichloroethane solution (Fig. 2). The maximum D
value of Ta is obtained in 0.27 M HF. On the other hand, theD value of Nb decreases gradually with HF concentrationfrom 10-2 M to 10 M, thus, there was a clear differences inthe extraction behaviors of Nb and Ta. The large
differencein the D values of Nb and Ta is probably due tothe fact that Ta forms fluoro-complexes TaFn5-n, while Nb is
predominantly present as oxo-fluoro complexes NbOFn3-n 3).

As mentioned above, the results obtained from Fig.1 showthat the extracted species of Nb and Ta are both univalentanionic complexes. Therefore, Nb and Ta exist as TaF6- andNbOF4- under these experimental conditions.
The fluoro-complex formation of Db needs to beinvestigated from the experimental result to dtermine
whether the extraction behavior of Db from HF solutions
into Aliquat 336-1,2-dichloroethane solution is closer to thatof Nb or Ta.

Fig. 1: Variation of the distribution ratio D of 95gNb and179
Ta vs. concentration of Aliquat 336 in 1 M HF

Fig. 2: Variation of the distribution ratio D of 95gNb and179
Ta vs. initial concentration of HF
References
1) P. Pyykko: Chem. Rev. 88, 563 (1988)
2) Y. Kasamatsu, A. Toyoshima, H. Toume, K. Tsukada, H. Haba,
Y. Nagame: J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci., Vol. 8, No. 2, 69-72(2007)
3) F. Monroy Guzman, D. Trubert, L. Brillard, J. B. Kim, M.
Hussonnois, and O. Constantinescu: J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem.
208, 461-466 (1996).

*1

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN, Nishina Center*3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University*2- 271 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Online coprecipitation experiment of 85Zr and 169Hf with Sm hydroxide
for chemical study of Rf
Y. Kasamatsu,＊1 K. Toyomura,＊1,＊2 T. Yokokita,＊1,＊2 Y. Komori,＊1 Y. Shigekawa,＊1,＊2 H. Haba,＊2 J. Kanaya,＊2
M. Huang,＊2 M. Murakami,＊2,＊3 K. Morita,＊2 H. Kikunaga,＊2,＊4 and A. Shinohara＊1,＊2
Elucidating chemical properties of transactinide elementswith atomic numbers Z ≥ 104 is an intriguing and important
topic. Transactinide elements are produced at accelerators
using heavy-ion-induced nuclear reactions. The production
rates of these elements are low and their half-lives are short(T1/2 ≤ ~1 min). Thus, chemical studies on these elements
are conducted on a one-atom-at-a-time basis using rapid
chemical separation techniques, and products transported
online by a gas-jet system from a nuclear reaction chamber
are used. For unambiguous identification of a single atom,
detection of α or spontaneous fission decay is required.
Owing to these difficulties, so far, simple partition methods
such as gas-phase and aqueous-phase chromatographic
experiments have been applied to the studies oftransactinide elements.
Recently, the anion- and cation-exchange behaviors of
rutherfordium (Rf, Z = 104) in HF and HF/HNO3 solutions
were successfully investigated at the Japan Atomic Energy
Agency Tandem Facility, the behaviors of Rf was reported
to be different from those of its homologues Zr and Hf.1)
Detailed studies on Rf in various chemical systems areneeded for a further understanding of its chemical
properties. To establish a new chemical experiment forsuperheavy elements, thus far, we have developed a method
to rapidly prepare a coprecipitated sample, which has goodenergy resolution in alpha spectrometry. For the
coprecipitation study of Rf, we have studied coprecipitation
properties of group-4 elements, Zr, Hf, and Th with
Sm(OH)3,2) and also developed an apparatus for rapid
preparation of precipitate samples. In this study, we
performed online coprecipitation experiments of 85Zr and169
Hf using the developed apparatus, and determined theexperimental conditions for Rf.
We produced carrier-free radiotracers 85Zr (T1/2 = 7.9
min) and 169Hf (T1/2 = 3.25 min) in the natGe/natGd(18O, xn)
reactions using the RIKEN K70 AVF cyclotron. The
reaction products were transported online by a He/KCl
gas-jet system to the chemistry laboratory. They were
deposited on the collection site of a dissolution apparatus,
and then dissolved in 120 µL of a 0.46 M HNO3 solution
containing Sm ions (460 mg/L). Various compositions ofbasic solutions (dilute and concentrated aqueous NH3, 0.15,
1, 6, and 12 M NaOH) were added into the sample solution.
The resultant concentrations were 0.28 and 13 M NH3,

and 0.08, 0.84, 5.3, and 11 M NaOH, respectively. After
stirring the sample for 10 s, the coprecipitate sample wasprepared by suction filtration on a polypropylene membranefilter (0.1 µm, φ20, Eichrom) using a semiautomatic
filtration apparatus for repetitive experiments. The sample
was dried using a heater at 100 °C and was subjected to
γ-ray measurement using a Ge detector. On the other hand,radioactivities of the products dissolved using thedissolution apparatus were also determined. From the ratioof the measured radioactivities of the precipitate to those of
the dissolved solution, precipitation yields of Zr and Hf
were determined.
The dependence of the yield on the composition of theadded basic solution is depicted in Fig. 1. It was found that
almost the entire amounts of Zr and Hf were coprecipitatedwith Sm hydroxide when aqueous NH3 and 0.1 M NaOH
were used. This suggests that Zr and Hf form a neutralhydroxide complex and coprecipitate with Sm(OH)3
precipitate in these basic solutions. For more concentrated
NaOH solutions, the yields decreased as the concentrationof the hydroxide ion increased, indicating that the Zr and Hfform anionic hydroxide complexes. These results are
consistent with those obtained in the offline coprecipitation
experiment using 88Zr and 175Hf.2) It was found that the
coprecipitation yields of Zr and Hf with Sm hydroxide in
the rapid and online precipitation experiment can beobtained using the developed apparatus connected to theaccelerator at RIKEN; the present experimental systems areapplicable to Rf experiments.
Very recently, we indeed produced 261Rf in a 248Cm(18O,5n)261Rf reaction and performed the first trial of
coprecipitating Rf with Sm(OH)3. Approximately 43 alphaevents were detected in the energy region of 261Rf.

Fig. 1. Coprecipitation yields of 85Zr and 175Hf.

Graduate School of Science, Osaka University＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Department of Chemistry, Niigata University＊4
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University＊1

References

1) Y. Ishii et al.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 84, 903 (2011).
2) Y. Kasamatsu et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 270 (2010).

- 272 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Adsorption behavior of Zr and Hf to TTA-resin in microcolumn for
determining the forming ability of Rf monofluoride complex
A. Yokoyama,*1,*2 Y. Kitayama,*2,*3 Y. Fukuda,*2,*4A. Toyoshima,*5 K. Tsukada,*5 E. Maeda,*2,*3 H. Kimura,*2,*3
T. Taniguchi,*2,*4 S. Ueno,*2,*3 K. Hayashi,*2,*4 H. Kikunaga,*2,*6 M. Murakami,*2,*7 J. Kanaya,*2 M. Huang,*2 and H. Haba*2

The present study aims to elucidate the relevant chemical
species of Rf by reversed-phase extraction chromatography
with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) as a stationary phase.
Because TTA has been suggested to extract quadrivalent
metallic ions, the distribution ratios of the system may makeit possible to determine the specific complex-formation
constant of Rf. We have so far performed several
experiments for the chemical systems with Zr and Hf ions,but failed to find an experimental condition appropriate formeasuring the adsorption of Rf.1,2)
In order to optimize an appropriate experimental
condition for Rf, in the present study, the equilibration timeand distribution ratios for extraction have been measured bybatch method experiments with carrier-free radiotracers ofZr and Hf on TTA-resin in the 1.0×10-4 －1.0×10-3 M
HF/1.0×10-2 M HNO3 solutions. An online experiment has
been also performed for investigating the reversed-phase
chromatographic behaviors of Zr and Hf on the TTA resinwith Automated Rapid Chemistry Apparatus (ARCA)3) tosimulate the Rf experiments.
The radioisotopes of 88Zr (t1/2 = 83.4 d) and 175Hf (t1/2 =70.0 d) used in the batch experiments were produced by the89
Y(p, 2n) and 175Lu(p, n) reactions, respectively, at the
RIKEN K70 AVF Cyclotron. The short-lived 85Zr and 169Hf
isotopes were also produced by the 18O-induced reaction
with the natGe and natGd targets, respectively, for the on-line
experiments. The TTA-resin was simultaneously producedby mixing the CHP20/P20 resin with a TTA-octanol
solution of 50 or 30 wt.%, which includes 50 or 20 wt.% of
TTA in n-octanol, respectively. The prepared TTA-resin
was used for the batch experiments, as well as for theon-line reversed-phase extraction chromatography. The
details of the procedures can be found elsewhere.2)
In the batch experiments, the D value of 50 wt.% resin
was found to be higher than that of the other resin, while thetime for chemical equilibration of the former is almost thesame as that of the other. The elution curves of Zr and Hf ata flow rate of 0.15 mL/min in the range 1.0×10-4－1.0×10-3
M of HF concentration on the former resin are shown in Fig.
1; the peaks of the curves are clearly visible in the figure for*1

Institute of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University
RIKEN Nishina Center*3
Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa
University*4
College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University*5
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency*6
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University*7
Faculty of Science, Niigata University*2

all the conditions of HF concentration.
The D values for the on-line experiments are evaluatedfrom the elution curves by using the following equation, D= Vp/m [mL/g], where Vp is the peak volume of an elution
curve, and m is the resin weight in a microcolumn. The D
values of Zr tend to be higher than those of Hf in the on-line
experiments, although, based on the batch experiments, theD value of Hf should be higher than that of Zr at thechemical equilibrium. For instance, in Fig.1(a) the D valueof Zr was found to be higher than that of Hf by a factor of
1.2, although in the batch experiments the D value of Zr
was found lower than that of Hf by a factor of 2.8. These
results in the on-line experiments show that the chemical
equilibrium time of Zr is shorter than that of Hf, which
agrees with the results of the present batch experiments
measured as a function of shaking time. The kinetic
behavior observed here should be clarified in order toperform the Rf experiment in the expected project.

Fig. 1. Elution curves of Zr and Hf against the HF concentration,(a) 1.0×10-4 M, (b) 6.0×10-4 M, (c) 1.0×10-3 M, in the HF/0.010-M
HNO3 solution, at a flow rate of 0.15 mL/min. The radioactivity
values in the figure represent the values relative to the total eluted
radioactivity. Solid lines are curves fitted to a theoretical equation
derived by Glückauf model4).

References

1) M. Araki,et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 271 (2010).
2) A. Yokoyama,et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 242 (2012).
3) Y. Nagame et al.: Radiochim. Acta, 93, 519 (2005).
4) E. Glückauf: Trans Faraday Soc. 51, 34 (1955).

- 273 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Coprecipitation experiment of various elements with Sm hydroxideusing multitracer
Y. Kasamatsu,＊1 K. Toyomura,＊1,＊2 T. Yokokita,＊1,＊2 H. Haba,＊2 J. Kanaya,＊2 Y. Kudou,＊2 and A. Shinohara＊1,＊2
Chemical studies on transactinide elements with atomic
numbers Z ≥ 104 are currently at the frontier in nuclear
chemistry. The transactinide elements are produced ataccelerators using heavy-ion-induced nuclear reactions.
Rapid chemistry on a one-atom-at-a-time basis is applied tothese elements because of their low production rates andshort half-lives. In addition, for unambiguous identificationof these elements, it is necessary to detect α or spontaneous
fission decays. Therefore, chemical experiments oftransactinides are not abundant. In the ion-exchange
chromatography, the fluoride complex formation of Rf (Z =104) was successfully investigated, and the behavior of Rf
was reported to be clearly different from those of thehomologues Zr and Hf. Chemical studies on transactinides
in various chemical systems should be conducted tounderstand their characteristic chemical properties.
The purpose of the present study is to establish a
coprecipitation method as a new method for the chemistryof transactinide elements. Because these elements can betreated as only one atom at a time, we must study theircoprecipitation behaviors with a carrier element. For this, apreparation method of coprecipitated samples with Smhydroxide, which facilitated the α spectrometry with a highenergy resolution, was established.1) We are planning toapply this method to transactinide chemistry and toinvestigate the coprecipitation behaviors of transactinides.
In the chemistry of transactinides, model experiments with
their homologues are usually performed to establish theexperimental method and to determine the conditions. In
this work, we investigated the coprecipitation behaviors ofvarious elements with Sm hydroxide using a multitracer
produced by nuclear spallation reactions in RIKEN.
A multitracer was produced by irradiating the natTa foil
targets by 135-MeV/nucleon 14N ions accelerated by
RIKEN Ring Cyclotron2). Various nuclides, namely various
elements, with Z < 73 (Ta) were produced by nuclear
spallation reactions. Only the nuclear reaction products
recoiling out of the target foils were transported from thereaction chamber to the chemical laboratory by the He/KCl
gas-jet system.2) The products collected on a glass filter
paper for about 40 h were dissolved in 1 mL of 0.01 M HCl
solution, and the solution sample was filtrated with a filter
paper to remove the glass chips from the solution.
The Sm standard solution (20 µL) containing 20 µg of
Sm was added into 220 µL of the multitracer solution. The
solution was stirred, and then 2 mL of the basic solution(dilute and concentrated aqueous NH3, and 0.1, 1, 6, and 12

M NaOH solutions) was added. The solution was stirred for10 s or 10 min. Then, the solution containing the precipitate
was filtrated by suction with a polypropylene membranefilter (0.1 µm, φ20, Eichrom). The filtrate was collected in avial. Both the precipitate and filtrate were dried using aheater at 100°C and then subjected to γ-ray spectrometry
with a Ge detector. The precipitation yields (Y1) were
determined from these radioactivities. The reference
radioactivities of the radiotracers were also determined. The
precipitation yield (Y2) as a relative value to the reference
was also determined to check the accuracy of the obtained
precipitation yields.
The product nuclides were identified from the energies
and half-lives of the observed γ-ray peaks. We found thefollowing nuclides: 24Na, 42K, 82mRb, 127,129Cs (alkali
metals), 28Mg, 47Ca, 128Ba (group 2), 44,47,48Sc, 87Y (group 3),
132,135
Ce, 145,146Eu, 146,147,149Gd, 149-153,155Tb, 155,157Dy, 160mHo,
161
Er, 165,167Tm, 166,169Yb, 169,171,172Lu (lanthanides), 89Zr,
170,173
Hf (group 4), 90Nb, 176Ta (group 5), 93mMo (group 6),
96
Tc (group 7), 99m,100Rh (group 9), 65Zn, (group 12), 67Ga,
110,111In (group 13), 71,72As, 118m,120mSb (group 15), 73Se, and
119m
Te (group 16).
For these elements, the precipitation yields and theirdependences on the composition of the basic solution wereobtained. Overall, the yields reflecting the properties ofeach element in the hydroxide precipitation were observed.
For example, the yields of alkali metal elements were
almost 0% under all the conditions. The yields oflanthanides were almost 100%, and decreased in the caseusing 6 and 12 M NaOH. In addition, the precipitation yieldof Zn was decreased to almost 0% in adding concentrated
aqueous NH3, indicating the well-known properties that Zn
forms a cationic ammine complex in such a solution. The
yields of Zr and Hf, the homologues of Rf, were close to100% and decreased with an increase in the hydroxide-ion
concentration, while those of Nb and Ta, the homologues ofDb, were always high. In contrast, the yields of Mo, thehomologue of Sg, were 0% under all the conditions. It
would be interesting to study the precipitation behaviors ofthese transactinides. The Y1 values were consistent with theY2 values. In comparison between the results with 10-s and
10-min stirring, both the yields agreed with each other for
many elements, suggesting rapid chemical reactions; only
exception was the result using 12 M NaOH. We believe thatthe coprecipitation properties of transactinides with Smhydroxide could be investigated by the present method.

Graduate School of Science, Osaka University＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center

1) H. Kikunaga et al., Appl. Radiat. Isot. 2008, 67, 539.
2) H. Haba et al., Radiochim. Acta 2005, 93, 539.

References＊1- 274 -

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of rapid solvent extraction technique with flow injection
analysis for superheavy element chemistry
T. Koyama,＊1 N. Goto,＊1 M. Murakami,＊1,＊2 K. Ooe,＊1 H. Haba,＊2 S. Goto,＊1 and H. Kudo＊3

D = Aorg / Aaq

The results of using the FIA system and the shaking timein the batch experiments are shown in Figs. 2 (a) and (b),respectively. In the experiment using the FIA system, theextraction equilibrium was attained within a contact time of
approximately 2 s. On the other hand, a shaking time of 40
min was needed to attain extraction equilibrium in the batch
experiment. This result shows that extraction equilibrium
can be rapidly attained using the FIA system. On-line
liquid-liquid phase separation was successfully performed
using the membrane phase separator in the FIA system.
Thus, the developed FIA system is applicable for thesolvent extraction experiments of superheavy elements withhalf-lives of several tens of seconds considering othertime-consuming steps such as dissolution and sample
preparation for -particle measurement.

Fig. 1. Schematic view of the FIA system.
(a)

102

(b) 2
10

●Without phase separator○With phase separator

101

101

D

D

For the chemical investigation of superheavy elementswith atomic numbers ≥ 104, rapid chemical separation isneeded because they have relatively short half-lives. We
developed a solvent extraction system applying flow
injection analysis (FIA). This FIA system consists ofsolvent extraction and phase separation parts (Fig. 1). In thesolvent extraction part, aqueous and organic phases are
mixed in a tube with a very small inner diameter of
100–200 μm. Because of the large specific interfacial areaand short diffusion length in the tube, extraction
equilibrium is rapidly attained. In the phase separation part,on-line liquid-liquid phase separation is achieved with ahydrophobic poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) membrane.
In this work, solvent extraction of 95gNb (T1/2 = 35 d) using
this system was investigated as a model experiment forelement 105, Db.
The 95gNb tracer was produced through the bombardmentof a natZr metal target foil with a 14-MeV proton beam
supplied by the RIKEN AVF cyclotron. The carrier-free95g
Nb tracer was prepared by the chemical separation fromthe target using an anion-exchange technique.1)
In the solvent extraction experiment using the FIA
system, 5 M HCl solution containing 95gNb tracer and 0.1 M
Aliquat 336 in 1,2-dichloroethane solution were used asaqueous and organic solutions, respectively. The aqueousand organic solutions were pumped using double-plunger
pumps and mixed in a T-connector. The mixture was fed
into the extraction coil of the PTFE tube of inner diameter
0.17 mm, and on-line liquid-liquid phase separation was
performed using the membrane phase separator of thickness
75 m and a 0.8-m pore size PTFE filter.
In order to evaluate the time needed for attaining
extraction equilibrium, the flow rate and extraction coillength were varied. After extraction, both solutions eluting
from the phase separator were collected in polypropylene
tubes. Experiments without the phase separator were also
performed. Batch extraction experiments of 95gNb using 0.6
mL of each phase were also performed for comparison withthe results obtained using the FIA system. The two
separated phases were then subjected to γ-ray spectrometry
using a Ge detector in all experiments. The distribution ratio(D) was calculated as the radioactivity ratio of each phaseby using the same flow rate (Eq.1).

100

100

10-1
0

(1)

Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Niigata University＊2- 275 -

2
3
4
Contact time/s

5

10-1
0

20
40
60
Shaking time/min

80

Fig. 2. The dependence of D value of 95gNb on the contact
time in the FIA system (a) and the shaking time in the batch
experiment (b).
References

1)

＊1

1

Y.

Kasamatsu et al : J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 8, 69 (2007).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Production of 179mW in the form of a carbonyl complex
M. Huang,＊1 J. Kanaya,＊1 M. Murakami,＊1 H. Haba,＊1 and S. Shibata＊1
We are developing a CO gas-jet technique and plan to
apply it to the separation of neutron-rich isotopes of Sg
produced in the transfer reaction 248Cm + 48Ca. In thispreliminary investigation, we successfully separated 179mW,
the lighter homologue element of Sg, from other heavy ions(89mZr, 28Al et al.) in the form of a volatile carbonyl
complex.
A 24-MeV d beam was extracted from the AVF cyclotronof the RIKEN RI Beam Factory. Five natTa targets werestacked with one natNb target in the sequence
Ta/Nb/Ta/Ta/Ta/Ta. All targets were fixed in an Al holder
with 5-mm distance between each other. The thicknesses ofnat
Ta and natNb target were 7.62 and 0.917 mg/cm2,
respectively. Reaction products emitted from the targets
were thermalized and stopped in the He/CO mixed gas.
Elements that could form volatile complexes with the CO
reagent, e.g. W(CO)6, were flushed out from the target
chamber and extracted along capillaries of inner diameter(i.d.) 1.59 or 2.0 mm. After the volatiles were passed
through a PTFE filter (SMC SFB 300-02) mounted at theoutlet of the target chamber and a 2.1-m quartz column(2.0-mm i.d.) immersed in a chiller, they were collectedusing a charcoal filter (ADVANTEC CP20) and subjectedto γ-ray spectrometry with a Ge detector. Because of thebeam irradiation, CO molecules would be decomposed into
carbon and oxygen. Most products adhered to the carbon
particles and were removed by the PTFE filter. The lengthfrom the PTFE filter to the collection site was about 17 m.
Flow rates of He and CO were controlled independently toadjust their concentrations in the target chamber. The lowest
flow rate controlled by the mass-flow meter was 0.2 L/min.
As explained above, reaction products could betransported out in the form of volatile molecules or by using
aerosols. First, to check all the products, a high-intensity
beam with 2.9 particle μA (pμA) as well as 1.2(He)+0.2(CO)L/min mixed gas was used to generate many carbon
aerosols. All nuclear products were efficiently carried to thecharcoal filter by carbon particles without selectivity when
the PTFE filter was removed. The 6.4-min 179mW and4.16-min 89mZr were identified by their γ-energies anddecay curves. The production yields after 1-min collection
were deduced to be 9.86±0.84 and 0.40±0.04 kBq/pμA for
179m
W and 89mZr, respectively. By changing the i.d. of thecapillary and increasing the He/CO flow rate, the yield
could not be improved further.
After the PTFE filter was installed, the 221.5-keV γ-lineof 179mW was observed subsequent to 7-min beamirradiation under 0.03 pμA (See Fig.1). Other nuclides,
which could not form volatiles in a CO atmosphere, were＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 276 -

removed, such as 89mZr. The transport efficiency for 179mW
in the carbonyl form was decreased with the beam intensity
and CO flow rate, but it could be improved by increasing
the He gas flow rate. By changing the i.d. of capillary from1.59 to 2.0 mm, the maximum flow rate of He gas wasincreased from 1.2 to 4.0 L/min, corresponding to about 1
atm in the target chamber. Under 4.0 L/min He flow rate,
the count of 221.5-keV γ-line was improved by a factor of 4(see Fig. 1). The optimal relative transport efficiency for
179m
W was 13.1±2.2%, which was obtained by normalizing
to the production yield of using carbon aerosols as thetransmission medium under 2.9-pμA beam intensity. The
yield of 179mW that passed through an isothermal column at
different temperatures was measured, and the results are
displayed in Fig. 2. By fitting the breakthrough curve with aMonte-Carlo simulation1), the adsorption enthalpy of the
carbonyl complex was determined to be -47±1 kJ/mol,which agrees well with the 46.5±2.5 kJ/mol reported for
W(CO)6 in Reference2).

Fig. 1. γ-ray spectra obtained for 179W in the form of avolatile carbonyl complex.

Fig. 2. Yields of 179mW passing through the quartz column.
References
1) I. Zvara: Radiochim. Acta 38, 95-102 (1985)
2) J. Even et al.: Inorg. Chem. 51, 6431-5433 (2012).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Recovery of 248 Cm material from mixed Cm/Gd target
M. Murakami∗1,∗2 and H. Haba∗1∗1∗2

was fed to elute 153 Gd completely. The flow rate was
230–240 µL/min at room temperature. Each 1 mL ofthe effluent was collected in a separate PP tube andsubjected to γ-ray spectrometry at fixed geometry.
Figures 1(a)–(d) show the elution curves of the multitracer with 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 M HNO3 as the second eluent. 133 Ba was eluted with 5 mL of 0.1 M HNO3
with a recovery of 100.3 ± 2.5%. 30 mL of 0.2 M HNO3
(Fig. 1(a)) was used to elute 139 Ce and then 143 Pm, as
expected from the difference in the Kd values.5) 145 Sm
and 153 Gd were not eluted in these fractions. Owing to
the increase in the concentration of the second eluent,
the peaks of the elution curves of 139 Ce and 143 Pm get
shifted to lower volumes and approach to each other.
In the case of 0.5 M HNO3 , 6.2 ± 0.6% of 153 Gd waseluted until 139 Ce was completely eluted. Since Cm
is expected to be found between Ce and Pm from theorder of the Kd values,5) Cm and Gd can be separated
with the schemes shown in Fig. 1(a)–(c). However, thescheme shown in Fig. 1(a) takes a large amount of eluent, and in the case of 0.4 M HNO3 , the condition forseparation is stricter than that in the case of 0.2 M and
0.3 M HNO3 , owing to the close peaks of the elution
curves. Therefore, we selected the scheme in Fig. 1(b)for the separation of 248 Cm and nat Gd.
By applying the scheme of Fig. 1(b) to the purification of 830-µg 248 Cm target material containing nat Gd(about 10 wt%), 99.3 ± 4.1% of 248 Cm was collectedin the fraction of the 12-mL 0.3 M HNO3 solution.

Recovery (%)

In the chemical experiments on superheavy elements(SHEs), the lighter homologue elements in the periodic
table are simultaneously produced, and their chemical behaviors are compared to those of SHEs underidentical experimental conditions. For this purpose, amixed 248 Cm/Gd target deposited on a thin metallic
backing foil has been often used.1,2) The target as wellas the backing material are gradually damaged by theirradiation with the intense heavy-ion beams. Since
the available amount of 248 Cm is limited, its recovery, which involves purification from the used target,
is essential to produce a new target.
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (HDEHP) is one of
the widely used extractants for separating lanthanide
ions.3) Separation of lanthanide and actinide throughextraction chromatography using an HDEHP-laden
resin has been studied.4,5) Using the HDEHP resin,
one can perform stepwise separation of lanthanide andactinide elements by simply changing the concentration of the HNO3 eluents. The distribution coefficients(Kd ) of these elements strongly depend on the HNO3
concentration: The Kd values for +3 ions are inverse
third power dependent on the mean activity of the hydrogen ion.4) Therefore, in this work, we investigatedseveral schemes to effectively separate Cm and Gd with
the HDEHP resin using a multitracer of lanthanide elements. Further, we separated the 248 Cm material fromnat
Gd with the optimized scheme.
The commercially available Ln Resin (Eichrom), theHDEHP-laden hydrophobic resin with the particle sizeof 100–150 µm, was packed into a polyethylene column(5 mm i.d. × 50 mm height; column volume: ≈1 mL).
The multitracer was produced by bombarding a nat Hftarget with a 135-MeV/nucleon 14 N beam from the
RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. After the irradiation, the rareearth elements were separated from the target material
by an establised procedure, detailed in Ref. 6. The
multitracer including 133 Ba, 139 Ce, 143 Pm, 145 Sm, and153
Gd in 0.1 M HNO3 was stocked in a polypropylene(PP) tube. The Kd values are reported to be in theorder Ba  Ce < Cm < Pm < Sm < Gd in the Ln
Resin–HNO3 system.5) After the conditioning of thecolumn with 3.0 mL of 0.1 M HNO3 solution, 1 mLof the stock solution was loaded onto the column. 4
mL of 0.1 M HNO3 was then fed onto the column asa first eluent. According to the reported Kd values,5)
most of the +1 and +2 metal ions such as 133 Ba
elute in this fraction. As a second eluent, 0.2–0.5 M
HNO3 solutions were fed until 143 Pm was completely
eluted from the column. Finally, 6 mL of 1.0 M HNO3
RIKEN Nishina Center
Department of Chemistry, Niigata University- 277 -

100

0.1 M 0.2 M

50

139

0

133

0
133

50
0

0

145

Ce

143

10
0.1 M

100

153

Ba

Pm

1.0 M
Gd
(a)

20

30

0.3 M
139

Ba

5

Ce

40
1.0 M
153

143

Pm

10

145

133

0

Gd

20

0

Ce

1.0 M
143

Pm

145

153

Sm

Gd
(c)

5

10

0.1 M
133

50
(b)

0.4 M
139

Ba

0

100

Sm

15

0.1 M

100
50

Sm

0.5 M
143

Ba
139

0

15

Pm
145

Ce

5

20

1.0 M
Sm

153

Gd
(d)

10

15

Volume (mL)

133

Fig. 1. Elution curves of
Ba, 139 Ce, 143 Pm, 145 Sm, and153
Gd. The concentrations of the second eluents are (a)0.2 M, (b) 0.3 M, (c) 0.4 M, and (d) 0.5 M.

References
1) K. Tsukada et al.: Radiochim. Acta 97, 83 (2009).
2) Z. J. Li et al.: Radiochim. Acta 100, 157 (2012).
3) S. Cotton: Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry (John
Wiley & Sons, 2006).
4) E. P. Horwitz et al.: J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 31, 3255
(1969).
5) E. P. Horwitz and C. A. A. Bloomquist: J. Inorg. Nucl.
Chem. 37, 425 (1975).
6) Y. Ezaki et al.: J. Nucl. Radiochem. Sci. 10 Suppl., 123(2009) (In Japanese).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Method for preparing ultra-thin sources for low-energy particle
spectrometry
H. Kikunaga,∗1,∗2 H. Haba,∗1 and J. Kanaya∗1
Generally, internal conversion electrons originate
from the K shell. If the decay energy of a nuclear isomer is less than the binding energy of an inner-shellelectron, the emission of an electron from the shell
is forbidden, in which case the isomer interacts withouter-shell electrons. As a result, the probability ofinternal conversion is aﬀected by the outer-shell electron state, namely the chemical state. Examples of thistype of nuclides are 99 Tcm (2.17 keV) and 229 Thm (7.6
eV). The goal of our research is to measure such lowenergy internal conversion electrons of various chemical states. For high-resolution energy spectrometry, it
is necessary to prepare radionuclides as a thin source.
In this report, we attempt to prepare an ultra-thinsource using the Self-assembled Molecular (SAM) technique. The performance of the SAM substrate wasinvestigated through radio-tracer experiments.
RIKEN Ag-based multi-isotope tracers and singleisotope tracers were used for the experiments. The
multi-tracers were produced by irradiation of a Ag
metal plate with a 14 N ion beam accelerated by the
RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. Ag target material was removed by a precipitation method with the use of hydrochloric acid. Single-isotope tracers were preparedusing the AVF cyclotron at CYRIC, Tohoku University.
The procedure for the preparation of SAM substrates was similar to that described in Ref1) . An Al
plate 25 mm in diameter was polished and rinsed with
distilled water. After drying, the Al plate was treatedwith 1 vol.% 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)
in absolute toluene through chemical vapor deposition
in a self-made PTFE cell at 100 ◦ C for 2 h; subsequently, it was rinsed with methanol and absolute
toluene. Phosphonation of the terminal amino groupsof APTES was performed with phosphoryl chloride andγ-collidine in absolute acetonitrile, and the sample wasthen rinsed with absolute acetonitrile and distilled water. The coupling of the SAM substrate and radionuclides was carried out in an aqueous solution or an
isopropyl alcohol solution.
The bound radionuclides were assayed by γ-ray spectrometry with an HPGe semiconductor detector. A γray spectrum of a multitracer-SAM sample is shown in
Fig. 1. The γ-peaks of 46 Sc, 54 Mn, 65 Zn, 75 Se, 83 Rb,
85
Sr, 88 Zr, 88 Y, 101 Rh, and 102 Rhm are observed in the
spectrum. By comparison of γ-peak counts of each nuclide, we found that the yield of nuclides with oxidation

states +3 and +4 is relatively high. On the other hand,22
Na and 57 Co were not detected, although these nuclides were included in the multi-tracer solution. Thistendency was found regardless of the reaction solvent
to be combined with radionuclides.
To conﬁrm the uniformity of the SAM source, theα source was prepared with 241 Am tracer and subjected to autoradiography. A photograph taken using
an imaging plate is shown in Fig. 2. The deviation of α
activity is observed at the upper-left part of the image.
This deviation probably originates from ﬁne scratcheson the Al plate. With the exception of this part, the αactivity is spread uniformly over the entire SAM substrate. Although there are still some problems, thepresent method will provide us with a reliable ultrathin source after some improvements.

∗1

References∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Research Center for Electron Photon Science, Tohoku University- 278 -

Y88

Mn, 46Sc
54

102

75

101

102

102
Rhm
m
Rh

Se
Rh
Se, 88Zr
102
Rhm
85
Sr, 83Rb
102
m
Rh

88

Y

75
Se, 101Rh
Rh
101

103

75

Counts / channel

104

101
100

0

500

1000
Energy / keV

1500

2000

Fig. 1. An example of a γ-ray spectrum of a multitracerSAM sample.

Fig. 2. Photographic image of a 241 Am-SAM sample takenusing an imaging plate.

1) A. Shida et al.: Surf. Coat. Technol. 169-170, 686(2003).

Ⅲ-3. Radiochemistry & Nuclear Chemistry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Production of purified 85Sr solution
S. Yano,*1 ,*2 Y. Wakitani,*1, *2 T. Yamada,*1, *2 J. Kanaya,*2 S. Shibata,*2 and H. Haba*2
Since 2007, we have distributed purified radioisotopes suchas 65Zn, 88Y, and 109Cd to the general public.1) After the
Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in 2011,
the demand for 85Sr solutions having a high specificradioactivity has been growing. In this work, weinvestigated the production of 85Sr in the 85Rb(d,2n)85Sr
reaction using a 24-MeV deuteron beam from the RIKEN
AVF cyclotron. We also studied a chemical procedure toobtain a purified 85Sr solution.
85
Sr (T1/2 = 64.853 d) was produced by irradiating an RbCl
disk (Sigma-Aldrich; chemical purity: > 99.99%; thickness:
500 mg cm-2) of natural isotopic abundance with 24-MeV
deuterons. The average beam intensity was 159 nA. The
irradiation time was 17 min. 85Sr was chemically separated
in accordance with the scheme shown in Fig. 1. The
irradiated RbCl target was dissolved in 2 mL of H2O and 2
mL of 8 M HNO3. After evaporating the solution almost to
dryness, the residue was again dissolved in 2 mL of 8 M
HNO3. The resulting solution was evaporated to dryness toremove chloride ions, and the residue was dissolved in 4
mL of 8 M HNO3 and loaded onto a reversed-phaseextraction chromatography column ( 5 mm×50 mm height)
packed with Sr Resin (Eichrom; 100–150 mesh). The
column was then washed with 12 mL of 8 M HNO3. In thisprocess, 85Sr was absorbed on the Sr Resin, and the target
material of Rb was completely eluted, as traced withbyproducts of 84Rb and 86Rb. 85Sr was then eluted with 8
mL of 0.05 M HNO3. The eluent was evaporated to dryness,and the residue was dissolved in 1 mL of concentrated HCl(c. HCl). After evaporating the solution almost to dryness,the residue was dissolved in 2 mL of 0.1 M HCl and loaded
onto a column ( 5 mm×40 mm height) packed with acation-exchange resin (Dowex 50W×8; 200–400 mesh).
The column was then washed with 3 M HCl. 85Sr was
eluted with 6 M HCl. The activity of 85Sr was determinedthrough -ray spectrometry using a calibrated Ge detector.
The -ray spectra of the produced 85Sr are shown in Fig. 2.
The produced activity of 85Sr was 145 kBq, and theradionuclidic purity was > 99.9%. The production yield of85
Sr under the present experimental condition was about 3
MBq A-1 h-1. The chemical yield was 89%.
The chemical impurity in the purified solution will be
evaluated by using ICP MS for a control sample, which wastreated using the same procedure as that used for theirradiated sample, in further studies.

*1*2

RbCl (880 mg)
H2O : 2 mL, 8 M HNO3 : 2 mLheat to dryness
8 M HNO3 : 2 mLheat to dryness
8 M HNO3 : 4 mL
8 M HNO3 : 2 mL×6

0.05 M HNO3 : 2 mL×4

Sr Resin, 100-150 mesh; f 5 mm×50 mm height
discardheat to dryness
c. HCl : 1 mLheat to dryness
0.1 M HCl : 2 mL
3 M HCl : 1 mL×3

6 M HCl : 1 mL×5

Dowex 50W×8, 200-400 mesh; f 5 mm×40 mm height
discard85Sr

Counts/Channel
Countsper 0.5 keVCounts/Channel
Counts per 0.5 keV

Fig. 1. The chemical separation procedure of 85Sr from theirradiated RbCl target employed in the present study.
10
10
10
10
10

10
10
10
10
10

(a)

4

85 Sr : 514 keV
85

Sr

3

84 Rb
84: 882 keV
86
86Rb : 1077 keV

Rb

2

Rb

1
0

0

500
(b)

4

85

Sr

1000
1500
Energy in keV

2000

85 Sr : 514 keV

3
2
1
0

0

500

1000
1500
Energy in keV

2000

Fig. 2. The measured -ray spectra of the produced85

Sr. (a)and (b) were obtained before and after the chemical
separation, respectively.
References
1) T. Kambara et al.: a separate paper in this issue.

Japan Radioisotope Association
RIKEN Nishina Center- 279 -

4. Radiation Chemistry and Biology

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology



RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)










＊＊＊＊＊＊ ＊＊＊＊       


 γ     
        
       
                         
               

                

       
         

         
                        

          
       
 

       
                     
        
       

       
      
       

＊ 


＊
＊ 
＊ 


        
     
       
       
                                                        


       

 =

    



             
           
             

      






- 281 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Observation of unrepairable lesions in DNA by using 3-MeV
proton microbeams produced by glass capillaries
T. Ikeda,＊1 M. Izumi,＊1 V. Mäckel,＊2 T. Kobayashi,＊2 K. Ogiwara,＊2 T. Hirano,＊3 Y. Yamazaki,＊2 and T. Abe＊1,＊3
Microbeams allow extremely efficient alteration of ordamage to a small region in the target with minimum beam
intensity. To date, X-ray, UV, and visible light laser havebeen used as microbeams. However, to create double strand
breaks (DSBs) in DNA, which are difficult to repair,multiple photons are required and have to be focused on theDNA. Because of the finite size of the focal spot, the beam
intensity needs to be high. This intense beam creates
multiple DSBs. In contrast, when ion beams are used, asingle ion can create a DSB via ballistic electrons andradicals generated along the ion’s trajectory. This is anadvantage of ion-beam irradiation. We developed a method
involving ion-microbeam irradiation to single cells in
culture using tapered glass capillaries with outlet diametersof ~1 m.1,2) The capillary is known as glass pipet for
microinjection or a glass electrode for real timemeasurements of the voltage potential within the neurons.
The number of ions irradiated to single cells is controlled bya pulsed beam. However, some DSBs can be repaired
quickly even if ions hit the DNA. Here, we measured thefluorescence brightness corresponding to unrepaired DSBs
after irradiation for different numbers of ions input per cellto confirm that a small number of protons can cause
unrepairable damage.
The beam used for irradiation was composed of 3-MeV
protons that were generated by a RIKEN Pelletron
accelerator and transported to the cell irradiation port,
which uses an inverted microscope (OLYMPUS IX-71). A
glass capillary optics system with a thin plastic end-window(diameter, 2 m) was mounted at the beam port at 45o sothat a petri dish filled with solution can be used. The
capillary tip can go close to the cells which is advantageous
for suppressing multiple scattering of ions before they reachthe target. To adjust the number of protons, which is
proportional to the dose, the time window of the beam pulse,which included a maximum of 10 ions, was set at 1 - 5 s,
wherein the number of ions in a pulse follows Poisson(b)100
LET (keV/ m)(a)distribution. We irradiated 50-1,000 ions per cell to reduce
statistical error.
Figure 1(a) is a microscopic view of HeLa cells during
irradiation. Cell nuclei marked by yellow circles wereselected. The capillary tip, which was above the cells, is at
the lower left in Fig. 1(a). It took ~20 min to irradiate 60
cells in one dish. After the irradiation, cells grown inglass-bottom dishes were washed three times with ice-cold
phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and fixed with 4%
formaldehyde in PBS at 4°C for 20 min. Then, the cells
were permeabilized with 0.5% Nonidet P-40 in PBS at 4°C
for 5 min, and phosphorylated histone H2AX was detectedby using rabbit antibody (Millipore) and an
Alexa488-conjugated donkey anti-rabbit IgG (Jackson
ImmunoResearch Laboratories).
We obtained clear fluorescence distributions only in theirradiated nuclei. The brightness of the foci (determined interms of Alexa488 fluorescence) in each irradiated nucleus
was proportional to the number of unrepaired lesions in
DNA at the time cell fixation was initiated. The brightness
data were displayed in a histogram by using the software,
Image-J .3) After subtracting the low background level offoci seen for the non-irradiated cells, histogram integration
was compared according to the microbeam intensities[Table 1]. The brightness increased with but was notproportional to microbeam intensity, perhaps because ofsaturated damage due to the large number of ions.
The linear energy transfer (LET) of 3-MeV proton was~10 keV/m [Fig. 1(b)]. When heavier ion pieces are
selected, higher LETs will be obtained. Moreover, the ion
stopping positions can be localized at a certain depth insidea cell because of their short ranges. In this case, extremely
high energy deposition corresponding to the Bragg peak isavailable for destroying a single cell or a small region oftissue.
Table 1. Integrated brightness of the foci.
Microbeam
Brightness of Alexa488

intensity (ions/cell)
50
200
1,000

80
60
40

(arbitrary unit)
733
875
940

20
0

0

1

2

3

4

Proton energy (MeV)

References

51) Y. Iwai, T. Ikeda, T. M. Kojima, Y. Yamazaki, K. Maeshima, N.
Imamoto, T. Kobayashi, T. Nebiki, T. Narusawa, and G. P.
Pokhil: Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 023509 (2008).
2) V. Mäckel, W. Meissl, T. Ikeda, M. Clever, E. Meissl, T.
Kobayashi, T. M. Kojima, N. Imamoto, K. Ogiwara, and Y.
Yamazaki: Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 014302 (2014).
3) Image-J 1.47v, downloaded from http://rsbweb.nih.gov/ij/

Fig. 1. (a) HeLa cells (yellow circles) and the tip of theglass capillary, (b) LET in water vs. proton energy.
RIKEN Nishina Center
Atomic Physics Laboratory, RIKEN＊3
RIKEN Innovation Center＊1＊2- 282 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Effects of trichostatin A on radiosensitivity to high-linear energy transger(LET) radiation in mammalian cells with defects in DNA repair proteins
M. Izumi*1 and T. Abe*1
In eukaryotes, DNA is associated with histones andpackaged into nucleosomes, which are arranged into higher
order structures to form chromatin.
The chromatin
structure contributes to various aspects of DNA metabolism
including replication, recombination, and transcription.
However, it is still unclear how repair reactions andcheckpoint responses caused by heavy-ion irradiation are
regulated by chromatin structures. To investigate the rolesof chromatin structures in DNA repair after heavy-ion
irradiation, we have been focusing on the damage response
observed after cells are treated with a potent histone
deacetylase inhibitor, trichostatin A (TSA).
To analyze the effects of TSA on repair pathways, weinvestigated the X-ray sensitivity of wild-type CHO-AA8
cells and CHO mutant lines deficient in homologous
recombination (irs1SF cells) 1), non-homologous
end-joining (V3 cells) 2), and base excision repair (EM9cells) 3) in the absence or presence of TSA in a previous
study4). All three mutant cell lines showed increased
X-ray sensitivity (Fig. 1a). TSA treatment enhanced the
X-ray sensitivity of wild-type CHO cells. In contrast, TSA
enhanced the X-ray radioresistance of irs1SF cells,suggesting that the homologous recombination pathway is
involved in radiosensitivity enhancement by TSA.
However, TSA did not affect V3 and EM9 survival. These
results suggest that non-homologous end-joining and/orbase excision repair are stimulated by TSA.
In this study, we investigated argon-ion (LET = 300
keV/µm) sensitivity using the same cell lines. We
compared the radiosensitivity of the four cell lines without
TSA treatment (Fig. 1a). We found that CHO and V3 cells
showed nearly identical dose-response profiles afterargon-ion irradiation. We obtained the same results after
carbon-ion (LET = 80 keV/µm) irradiation (data not shown),suggesting that non-homologous end-joining is not involvedin the repair pathway induced by high-LET ionizing
radiation.
EM9 and irs1SF cells showed increased
sensitivity to argon ions. These results are compatible
with those of several recent studies5,6).
We investigated the effect of TSA on cell line
survival (Fig. 1b). TSA treatment enhanced CHO cellsensitivity to argon ions. However, TSA did not affectirs1SF cell sensitivity, which is compatible with theconclusion that non-homologous end-joining is not involvedin the repair pathway induced by high-LET irradiation. In
contrast, TSA slightly enhanced V3 and EM9 cellradiosensitivity, which seems to be due to the inhibitory
effect of TSA on homologous recombination.
Although our survival assay suggests that the
non-homologous pathway is not involved in repair after
heavy-ion irradiation, we observed that DNA-PK was

recruited to the DNA damage sites (data not shown).
Currently, we are investigating the localization of repair
proteins by indirect immunofluorescence and studying themechanism underlying the suppression of non-homologous
end-joining after heavy-ion irradiation.

Fig. 1 (a) X-ray and argon-ion sensitivity of CHO, irs1SF,
V3, and EM9 cells. Cells were irradiated with X-rays or
argon ions (LET = 300 keV/µm), and radiosensitivity wasestimated by the clonogenic survival assay. (b) Effects oftrichostatin A (TSA) on the radiosensitivity of CHO, irs1SF,
V3, and EM9 cells. Cells were pretreated with TSA (0.1µM) for 10 h and irradiated with argon ions. Subsequently,
the cells were cultured for an additional 14 h in the presenceof TSA, and radiosensitivity was estimated by theclonogenic survival assay. Abbreviations: wt, wild type;HR, homologous recombination; NHEJ, non-homologous
end-joining; BER, base excision repair.
References
1) R.S. Tebbs, et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 6354 (1995)
2) S.R. Peterson, et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92, 3171
(1995)
3) L.H. Thompson, et al.: Mol. Cell. Biol. 10, 6160 (1990)
4) M. Izumi, et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 254 (2013)5) H. Wang, et al: Nucl. Acids Res. 38, 3245 (2010)6) S.C. Genet, et al.: Oncology Rep. 28, 1591 (2012)*1 RIKEN Nishina Center- 283 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Cell-killing eﬀect of low doses of high-LET heavy ions (VI)
M. Tomita,∗1,∗2 T. Tsukada,∗1 and M. Izumi∗1
Non-DNA-targeted eﬀects are not a direct consequence of radiation-induced initial lesions produced incellular DNA, but are an indirect consequence of intraand intercellular communications involving both irradiated and nonirradiated cells. These eﬀects include
low-dose hyper-radiosensitivity (HRS) and radiationinduced bystander response (RIBR).1,2) RIBR is a cellular response induced in nonirradiated cells that receive bystander signals from directly irradiated cells
within an irradiated cell population.1,2) RIBR induced
by low doses of high-LET radiations is an important
issue concerning the health of astronauts and in heavyion radiation cancer therapy. Here, we investigatedthe molecular mechanisms underlying and biologicalimplications of RIBR induced by such low doses ofhigh-LET radiations. We previously found that HRS
was induced in normal human ﬁbroblast WI-38 cells
that were irradiated with low doses of high-LET argon(Ar) and iron (Fe) ions, suggesting that RIBR was induced.3–5) Nitric oxide (NO) was found to be involvedin this process.3–5) Furthermore, we found that reactive oxygen species (ROS), gap-junction intercellularcommunication (GJIC), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2) protein as well as NO may be involved in Ar-ioninduced bystander signal transfer.4) Here, we examined the eﬀects of a scavenger of ROS (DMSO) andan inhibitor of GJIS (lindane) or COX-2 (NS-398) on
Fe-ion-induced RIBR.
Here, we have shown the revised clonogenic survival
curve of WI-38 cells irradiated with Fe ions; the curve
was obtained by adding new data to previous results3)[Fig.1]. HRS could be clearly observed in cells irradiated with Fe ions at doses lower than 0.2 Gy and waspartly suppressed by pretreatment with carboxy-PTIO(c-PTIO), an NO scavenger.
Next, we examined HRS suppression at 0.1 Gy by
DMSO, lindane, c-PTIO or NS-398 pretreatment [Fig.
2]. Lindane and NS-398 were dissolved in DMSO.
DMSO did not signiﬁcantly suppress the HRS, although the standard errors of the mean (SEM) werelarge. In contrast, lindane, NS-393, and c-PTIO significantly suppressed HRS to similar levels. These results
suggested that the GJIC and COX-2 mediated pathway as well as NO was also involved in Fe-ion-induced
bystander signal transfer. Currently, we are examining the role of the NF-κB/Cox-2/prostaglandin E2 andNF-κB/iNOS/NO pathways,2) which may be activatedin bystander cells that have been subjected to ROS andNO, in HRS induced by high-LET radiations.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Radiation Safety Research Center, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry- 284 -

Fig. 1. Cell-survival curves of WI-38 cells. Conﬂuent
monolayers of WI-38 cells were irradiated with 90
MeV/u Fe ions (1000 keV/µm) and some of the cells
were pretreated with c-PTIO (20 µM). The surviving
fraction was determined by a colony forming assay. The
error bars represent the standard error of the mean
(SEM) (n=3-5).

Fig. 2. Eﬀect of inhibitors or scavengers. DMSO (0.1%),
lindane (Lin, 50 µM), c-PTIO (20 µM) or NS-398 (50µM) was added to the medium 2 h before irradiation.6)
WI-38 cells were irradiated with 0.1 Gy Fe ions. The error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM)(n=3-4).

References
1) K. M. Prise et al.: Radiat. Prot. Dosimetry 99, 223(2002).
2) T. K. Hei et al.: Curr. Mol. Pharmacol 4, 96 (2011).
3) M. Tomita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 276(2010).
4) M. Tomita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 207(2012).
5) M. Tomita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 253(2013).
6) M. Tomita et al.: Radiat. Res. 173, 380 (2010).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Development of the mutant isolation system in fruit flies
K. Tsuneizumi,*1 and T. Abe,*1
Heavy-ion beam mutagenesis is an effective mutation
breeding method 1, 2). Although this method has been highly
successful with plants, its use for animals has been limited.
To extend its application to animals, we plan to acquire
more basic data to determine optimal conditions forheavy-ion-beamirradiation
using
Drosophilamelanogaster (fruit fly) as a useful model system.
Over the past century, several unique genetics tools havebeen developed using the fruit fly. A balancer chromosome
is one such popular tool and is known to prevent
homologous recombination during meiosis. A single
balancer line was previously found to be more suitable forstabilizing the mutant isolation system than a double
balancer line3). Therefore, we focused only on thirdchromosome events and re-established a third chromosome
balancer line before starting the irradiation experiment.
To overcome the instability problem of a graphic record
at previous data3), we decided to use commercial cuvettes
with a plane surface [Fig. 1a]. Because most of the vials
commonly used for fly maintenance have a curved surface,
heavy-ion-beam irradiation condition is uneven in the vials
depending on the thickness of curved plastic. To decrease
the opportunity of the energy loss in heavy-ion beam byflies overlapping, only two flies were put into each cuvette.
Then, six cuvettes were arranged in a commercial container
in order to use a uniform irradiation range with anautomatic sample changer [Fig. 1b]. To evaluate thestability of the improved mutant isolation system, we
subjected the fruit flies to a carbon-ion beam with linear
energy transfer (LET) values of [80keV/µm] at several doselevels (1.0, 3.0, 10.0, 30.0, and 60.0 Gy).
To estimate the effect of heavy-ion-beam irradiation, we
measured the number of F1 progeny as a biological effect.
In this study, males and females were immediately
separated after eclosion and were bred for 3 days. Thenevery two males were put into each cuvette for irradiation[Fig. 1b]. It was performed in the females equally. After
irradiation with different heavy-ion-beam doses, the males
were provided fresh harems of virgin females every 2–3
days. The females were provided with males and the
medium was replaced every 2–3 days. The oviposited eggs
were bred, and the number of progeny that survived to theadult stage was determined.
Decrease in the reproductive ability of males was found tobe caused by aging and not irradiation. In contrast, thereproductive ability of females did not change during theobservation period [Fig.2]. The results for the males showeda linear correlation between the number of progeny andirradiation dose. In contrast, a non-linear curve wasobserved for the females [Fig. 2]. These data suggest that aradiosensitivity is different between males and females.
We have developed a stable mutant isolation system using＊1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 285 -

fruit flies by using heavy-ion-beam irradiation. Currently,
we are establishing various mutants and will be analyzing
DNA damage in homozygotes. These data will be helpful
for optimizing the irradiation system in the future.

Fig. 1. a) A photograph of a cuvette and a breeding vial.
b) A photograph of sample cuvettes for irradiation using an
automatic sample changer.

Fig. 2. Upper panels show the correlation between thenumber of F1 progeny and the days after heavy-ion-beamirradiation. Lower panels show the correlation between thenumber of F1 progeny and the irradiation dose. F: filial
generation.
References

1) T. Abe et al.: Gamma Field Symp. 39, 45 (2000).
2) A. Tanaka et al.: J. Radiat. Res. 51, 223 (2010).
3) K. Tsuneizumi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 255 (2013).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Detection of deletions induced by Fe-ion irradiation in Arabidopsis thaliana
using array comparative genomic hybridization†
Y. Kazama,＊1 T. Hirano,＊1 K. Nishihara,＊2 S. Ohbu,＊2 Y. Shirakawa,＊2 and T. Abe＊1,＊2
Heavy-ion irradiation mainly induces deletions. The sizeof deletions increases with increasing linear energy
transfers (LETs)1). Because large deletions are useful for
producing null mutations as well as disrupting multiple
genes arrayed in tandem, high-LET ion beams are
considered powerful mutagens in the field of genome
science. However, the determination of deleted
chromosomal region(s) in a mutant by using classical
PCR-based methods is difficult because designing primers
at both sides of a large unidentified deletion is quitedifficult. Thus, a method for rapidly detecting deletions at
the whole-genome level is desired.
Array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) isa powerful tool for detecting deletions at the whole-genome
level2). In the present study, we herein optimized the array
CGH experiment to develop a method for investigatinglarge heavy-ion induced deletions at the whole-genome
level. For the array CGH, we used an Arabidopsis mutant
having downward-pointing flowers (Fe-148-pg1) as an
example of a mutant harboring large deletions, which was
induced by Fe-ion beam irradiation (90 MeV/nucleon, 640
keV/μm) at a dose of 50 Gy. Through the phenotypiccharacterization and PCR confirmation, Fe-148-pg1 wasfound to have a large deletion around the
BREVIPEDICELLUS (BP) gene.
Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype Columbia (Col-0) wasused as a wild-type plant. The whole-genome sequence of
Col-0 was tiled with oligonucleotides that started every 50
bp. Probe lengths were constrained to a minimum of 50 anda maximum of 75 bp. Considering this design, our array
was expected to detect deletions of more than 200 bp at thewhole-genome level.
The DNA of the wild-type and the mutant plant(Fe-148-pg1) were labelled with Cy5 and Cy3, respectively.
Hybridization, washing, and scanning were conducted by
Roche NimbleGen Inc (Madison, WI, USA). Raw
fluorescence intensity data were obtained from scanned
images of the oligonucleotide tiling arrays by using
NimbleScan 2.4 extraction software (Roche NimbleGen
Inc.). For each spot on the array, log2 ratios of theCy3-labelled sample to the Cy5 reference sample were
calculated.
Candidate deletions were identified as follows. First,
regions supported by more than 4 consecutive probes withlog2 ratios of over 1.0 were listed as candidate deletions.
Then, the candidate deletions were confirmed by
performing PCR. For the PCR test, 7 individual M3 plants
were tested; when some of the plants showed amplificationin the candidate deletion region, the candidate deletion wasdetermined as being heterozygous in the M2 generation.
Finally, we detected 7 deletions (Table 1). Candidate
deletions supported by the higher log2 ratio tended to behomozygous. However, candidate deletions supported bylog2 ratios lower than 1.209 were false positives. As
expected, the Fe-148-pg1 had a large deletion covering the
BP gene; the size of deletion was found to be 90,307 bp byconducting PCR-based confirmation and sequencing. The
results suggest that our array platform can detect both
homozygous and heterozygous deletions at the wholegenome level, although the estimated deletion size is notcompletely consistent with the actual one.

Table 1 List of deletion peaks estimated by array CGH in Fe-148-pg1.
Start site of Peak area
Genetic
Estimated
Detected
Chr.
Position
Signal*deletion size
deletion homogeneity in M3
1.500–6.097
45,129,711
88069
homogeneous○
47,875,508
3.375–6.047
81108
homogeneous○
1
17,030,769
2.289
467
2.076
3
17,831,368450
homogeneous○
48,550,408
1.992
264
homogeneous
○

5
4
4
4
4

8,060,900
2,179,908
2,177,558
2,185,508
2,181,208

84816

1.744–1.930
1.777
1.767
1.743
1.209

○
○
○

850
814
723
469
*When several peaks were detected in a naborhood, the peaks were combined
and the range of signal values were considered.
†

Condensed from the article in Genes Genet. Syst. 88, 189-197 (2013)＊1
RIKEN Innovation Center＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center

References

heterogeneous
heterogeneous
heterogeneous

1) T. Hirano et al.: Mutat. Res. 735, 19 (2012).
2) A. J. Nagano et al.: Plant J. 56, 1058 (2008).

- 286 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Exome resequencing reveals mutations in rice induced by heavy-ion beamwith LETmax
R. Morita,＊1 K. Ishii,＊1 H. Takehisa,＊2 Y. Hayashi,＊1 S. Kogure,＊1
K. Ichinose,＊1 H. Tokairin,＊1 T. Sato＊3,＊4 and T. Abe＊1,＊4
Heavy-ion beam irradiation induces mutations at a highrate without severely inhibiting growth at a relatively low
dose. Heavy-ion beam with high linear energy transfer(LET) cause greater biological effects than low-LET
radiation such as gamma rays and X-rays. LET can becontrolled by adjusting the speed of the ions or choosing
appropiate ion species. We found that the highest mutation
rate is obtained at an LET of 30 keV/μm in Arabidopsis
thaliana1). This high-efficiency LET (termed LETmax)
mostly induced small deletions2). In rice, the LETmax value
was determined as 50-70 keV/μm. However, the mutations
induced in rice when we irradiated heavy-ion beams with
LETmax were unclear. We performed exome-resequencing
analysis to reveal the nature of the mutations in rice inducedby heavy-ion beams with LETmax in rice.
We selected seven rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare)mutants induced by LETmax irradiation to perform
exome-resequencing analysis. Paired-end libraries wereconstructed using

SeqCap EZ developer library (Roche). Sequencing was
performed using Hiseq 2000 (Illumina). Mutations weredetected by using SAMtools and BEDTools software. We
detected 16 deletions and 14 base substitutions among sevenmutants (Table 1). Of the 16 deletions, 14 were smalldeletions (1-18 bp) and two were large deletions (739 bp and102158 bp). Of the 16 deletions, 14 were located in coding
regions. Two were located in the 5’ untranslated region andintron. Of the 14 base substitutions, 9 induced alteration of
the amino-acid sequence of each gene, such as missence
mutation, nonsense mutation, and START gain mutation.
Four base substitutions were located in 3’ untranslated
region. The one remain was a silent mutation. Of the 14
deletions located in coding regions, 1-18 bp deletions
constituted 85.7% (12/14) of the total deletions. Thesefindings indicate that heavy-ion beams with LETmax induce
small deletions suitable for single-gene disruption in rice.

Table 1. Homozygous deletion and base substitution detected by Exome resequencing* Mutations that change the aino-acid sequences
References
1) Y. Kazama et al.: Plant Biotech. 25, 113 (2008).
2) Y. Kazama et al.: BMC Plant Biol. 11, 161 (2011).
3) Y. Hayashi et al.: Cyclotrons 2007, 237 (2008).

RIKEN Nishina Center
National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences＊3
Graduate School of Life Science, University of Tohoku＊4Innovation Center, RIKEN＊1＊2- 287 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

mPingSCAR marker, a powerful tool for genetic analysis of agricultural traits
in rice mutants induced using ion-beam irradiation

H. Saito,*1 R. Morita,*2 Y. Okumoto,*1 K. Ishii,*2 Y. Hayashi,*2 S. Kogure,*2 K. Ichinose,*2 and T. Abe*2,*3
Rice is a major cereal crop that is the dietary staple formore than half of the world’s population. For sustainableproduction and increased yield, it is important to perform
molecular regulation of various agricultural traits.
Mutagenesis study is an effective approach to identify novel
genes that impart desired agricultural traits and toinvestigate their functions. Many of the agricultural traits,
however, are quantitative traits and controlled by complex
multiple genetic networks. Therefore, it is difficult to
identify the mutant gene(s) when the F2 population derived
from the crosses between distantly related varieties is used
to develop several available DNA markers. On the other
hand, it is difficult to develop available DNA markers forgenetic linkage analysis when using the F2 population
derived from the crosses between closely related varieties,
to make it easy to identify the mutant gene(s) without
multiple genetic segregations.
mPing is reported as the first active miniature
inverted-repeat transposable element as well as the firstactive DNA transposon in rice1). Our previous study
revealed that the japonica rice variety Gimbozu harboredover 1000 copies of mPing, whereas most of the closely
related japonica varieties harbored less than 50 copies2).
Therefore, polymorphic insertions of mPing are available
for genetic analysis by using the F2 population crossed
between the closely related japonica varieties andGimbozu3). Here, we evaluate the availability mPingSCAR(sequence characterized amplified region) marker based on
the polymorphic insertions of mPing in Gimbozu andmutants derived from closely related varieties.
The imbibition seeds of japonica rice variety (cv.
Nipponbare) were exposed to C, Ar, and Ne ionsaccelerated to 135, 95, and 135 MeV/nucleon, respectively.
M1 plants were grown in a paddy field, and M2 seeds were
harvested separately from each M1 plant. In our paddy fieldresearch of the M2 lines, we isolated a total of 11 mutants inwhich we observed mutations in the agricultural traits(Table 1). These mutants were crossed with Gimbozu andthen the F2 populations were applied to the genetic analysis
for mapping the candidate region of the mutant genes byusing the mPingSCAR markers.
All the F2 populations, comprising 24–96 plants, showedbimodal distribution within the parental ranges. The mutant
type to wild type ratio fit the 1:3 ratio expected forone-locus segregation. These results indicate that eachmutant phenotype is conferred by a single recessive mutant
gene. The linkage analyses by using 50 selective
mPingSCAR markers, which are evenly distributed in all
chromosome, identified markers that are closely linked withthe mutant phenotypes. Further analyses by using additionalmPingSCAR markers around the closely linked marker
showed that the mutant genes were located in the region at
physical distances of 1.13–13.82 Mb on chromosome 1, 3, 4,
5, 8 and 9 (Table 1). The rice annotation project database(RAP-DB: http://rapdb.dna.affrc.go.jp) showed that 195–
973 genes were located in each region. Further, we
extracted and isolated the DNA segments, including theexon regions of over 30,000 genes from the five mutant
lines, and performed exome analysis by using thenext-generation sequencing analyzer, Hiseq2000 (Illumina,
San Diego, CA, USA). The experimental results showedthat a single genomic mutation responsible for the mutant
phenotype was identified in the candidate gene (or region)of the four mutant lines.
Although the current progress of next-generation
sequencing techniques is remarkable, obtaining thesequence information of the whole genome alone is notenough to identify the candidate gene responsible for the
mutant phenotype. Delimiting the candidate genes by using
mPingSCAR markers in combination with the sequencing
techniques and well developed database information would
ensure further efficiency in detecting the mutant gene. Thus,
we are confident that mPingSCAR marker is a powerfultool for the genetic analysis of the agricultural quantitative
traits.
Table 1 The mapping summary of mutants in this study.
Number of analyzed mutants

11

Chromosomes for locating the mutant
genes

1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9

The size range of the candidate region

1.13–13.82 Mb

Number of genes located in thecandidate region
References

1)
2)
3)

Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
Innovation Center, RIKEN＊1＊2- 288 -

T. Nakazaki et al.: Nature, 421, 170 (2003).
K. Naito et al.: PNAS, 103(47), 17620 (2006).
Y. Monden et al.: DNA Res., 16(2), 131 (2009).

195–973

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Identification of mutated sites induced by Ar-ion-beam irradiation in rice
S. Kogure,＊1 R. Morita,＊1 Y. Hayashi,＊1 K. Ichinose,＊1 M. Yamada,＊1 T. Wakana,＊1
H. Tokairin,＊1 K. Ishii,＊1 T. Sato,＊2,＊3 and T. Abe＊1,＊2
Our team has studied the mutation induction in rice as aneffect of heavy-ion-beam irradiation. Rice is a model plantof monocots, and it is useful for identifying mutation sites
because its entire genome sequences are available. In
previous studies, we showed that C-ion beams (15 Gy, LET
50 keV/µm) and Ne-ion beams (15 Gy, LET 63 keV/µm)
cause small size deletion (6 mutant lines include 2 to 12 bp,
1 mutant line include 72348 bp) in rice genome.1)-4) In thisstudy, we report the screening and identification of mutatedgenes and sites induced by Ar-ion beams.
Last year, we grew 1370 lines of M2 generation obtainedby irradiation of imbibed rice seeds with Ar-ion beams (2.5
or 5 Gy, LET 290 keV/µm) in both a greenhouse and a field.
Over 100 mutant lines were isolated by screening, and somewere suitable for PCR and sequence analysis.
Two mutant lines were selected in a greenhouse 2–3
weeks after germination and identified as mutated sites.
Ar5-587 showed the phenotype of plastochron (PLA)
mutants, which cause the rapid initiation of vegetative
leaves without affecting phyllotaxy5) (Fig. 1a). A sequence
analysis revealed that it contained 176-bp deletion and 7-bp
insertion in the 1st exon of PLA1. Ar5-672 showed thephenotype of rice gibberellin (GA)-related mutants, whichcause severe dwarfness with wide leaf blades and dark
Table 1. Isolated mutants by Ar-ion-beam irradiation

green leaves6) (Fig. 1b). It contained 2,627-bp deletion in
the GA positive regulator, GIBBERELLIN-INSENSITIVEDWARF 2 (GID2).6)
Three mutant lines were selected in a field, and identified
as mutated sites. Ar5-62 exhibited heading 20 days earlier
than wild type (Nipponbare). It contained 65,534-bp
deletion and 2-bp (TG) insertion in chromosome 7, andlacked whole GRAIN NUMBER, PLANT HEIGHT AND
HEADING DATE 7 (Ghd7),7) which is an important
regulator of heading date and yield potential in rice.
Ar5-154 exhibited tall phenotype at the heading stage. It
contained 47,930-bp deletion in chromosome 5, and lacked
whole ELONGATED UPPERMOST INTERNODE 1(EUI1).8) Ar5-90 showed short grains (Fig. 1c) andsemi-dwarfness. TAIL-PCR and several sequence analyses
revealed that it contained 22,148-bp deletion inchromosome 1, and lacked whole DAIKOKU DWARF1(D1).9)The data from these five mutant lines show that Ar-ion
beams (5 Gy, LET 290 keV/µm) cause large deletions(>100 bp) in the rice genome.
It is necessary to identify more mutated regions of ricemutants for characterizing the mutations induced byheavy-ion-beam irradiation. We have isolated various ricemutants, and the research is in progress.

del: deletion, in: insertionab

Wild typec
Wild type Ar5-587

References

Ar5-672
Wild typeAr5-90Fig. 1. Photograph of 4-weeks-old seedlings of Ar5-587 (a),2-weeks-old seedlings of Ar5-672 (b), and seeds of Ar5-90(c). Bar = 1 cm.

1) Y. Hayashi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 282 (2010).
2) R. Morita et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 212 (2012).
3) S. Kogure et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 213 (2012).
4) S. Kogure et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 260 (2013).
5) K. Miyoshi et al.: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 875 (2004).
6) A. Sasaki et al.: Science 299, 1896 (2003).
7) W. Xue et al.: Nat. Genet. 40, 761 (2008).
8) Y. Zhu et al.: Plant Cell 18, 442 (2006).
9) Y. Fujisawa et al.: Plant Cell Physiol. 42, 789 (2001).

RIKEN Nishina Center
RIKEN Innovation Center＊3
Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University＊1＊2- 289 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Relationship between gene expression level and LET immediately after
heavy-ion beam irradiation in rice
K. Ishii,＊1 R. Morita,＊1 T. Hirano,＊2 Y. Kazama,＊2 T. Ikeda,＊1 Y. Nagamura,＊3 and T. Abe＊1,＊2
In plant mutagenesis by heavy-ion beam irradiation,
linear energy transfer (LET) is one of the most importantfactors that determines the mutation rate. The most effective
linear energy transfer (LETmax) has been defined andreported for Arabidopsis thaliana1) and rice.2) In wet seedsof rice, the mutation rate was low at low LET (22.5keV/μm) and high at LETmax (50–70 keV/μm).2) The
relationship between the mutation rate and LET curved
sigmoidally, however, the reason is still unknown. In thisstudy, we tried to reveal the relationship between the gene
expression level and LET after heavy-ion beam irradiationand to show whether the change of gene expression
corresponds to that of the mutation rate.
Wet seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L. cv. Nipponbare) were
imbibed for three days and used as samples. Heavy-ion
beam irradiation (C-ions for LETs of 22.5 and 50 keV/μm
and Ne-ions for LETs of 63 and 80 keV/μm), RNA
extraction, and gene expression analysis were conducted aspreviously described.3) All the analyses in this study wereconducted on the samples sampled two hours after
irradiation.
Out of 45,221 probe sets, 81 probe sets showedsignificantly (p < 0.01) higher expression levels whenirradiated at all LETs (22.5, 50, 63, and 80 keV/μm) thanwhen not irradiated (control). These probe sets contained
the homologs of Rad51, Rad21/Rec8, and Artemis, which
are the genes involved in DNA double-strand break repair.
It was shown that the gene expression analysis successfullyreflected the immediate response to the heavy-ion beamirradiation.
It was found that 1575 probe sets showed significantly (p< 0.05) higher expression levels when irradiated at 63 or 80
keV/μm of LET than when not irradiated. On each probe set,
the relationship between the expression level and LET was
fitted to both the linear and sigmoid functions (Fig. 1).

Moreover, 826 probe sets were significantly (R2 ≥ 0.8)
fitted to either function. Among these 826 probe sets, therelationships between the expression level and LET of 594
probe sets (72%) were fitted better to linear function,
whereas those of the remaining 232 probe sets (28%) werefitted better to sigmoid function [Table 1]. In these 232
probe sets, the relationships between the expression leveland LET of only three probe sets (0.4%) were coincident
with the relationship between the mutation rate and LET.
This is the first observation of the relationship between
the gene expression level and LET immediately after
heavy-ion beam irradiation. On almost all the researchedgenes, the relationship between the gene expression leveland LET was not coincident with that between the mutation
rate and LET. The three exceptional genes can be used as
the indicators of LETmax.

Fig. 1. Example of curve fitting of the relationship between
expression level and LET. Squares indicate the measured
values of a typical probe set. Line and dashed line indicate
sigmoidal and linear regression curves, respectively.

Table 1. Classification of probe sets based on the nature of relationship between their expression level and LET.
Probe set (number)Classification
80 keV/μm > ctrl.*
63 keV/μm > ctrl.**
Subtotal(%)
Fitted to linear function
559
35
594
72
Fitted to sigmoid function
197
35
232
28
LETmax > 22.5 keV/μm†
(2)
(1)
(3)
Sum total
756
70
826
*Expression level when irradiated at 80 keV/μm was significantly higher than that of control.
**Expression level was not significantly higher than control when irradiated at 80 keV/μm but significantly higher when irradiated at 63 keV/μm.
†Expression levels when irradiated at 50 and 63 keV/μm were significantly higher than that when irradiated at 22.5 keV/μm.

References

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
RIKEN Innovation Center＊3
Agrogenomics Research Center, National Institute of Agrobiological
Science＊11) Y. Kazama et al.: Plant biotechnology 25, 113-117 (2008).
2) Y. Hayashi et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, 285 (2009).
3) K. Ishii et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 258 (2013).

- 290 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Isolation of early-heading mutants induced by heavy-ion radiation in an
Indonesian native rice cultivar
E. Hanzawa,*1 Y. Kazama,*1 Y. Hayashi,*2 T. Abe,*2,*3 A. Higashitani*1 and T. Sato*1,*2
Rice is cultivated as far as 50º N in China and 40° S in
Argentina. 1) The period from seeding to heading isimportant for cultivation over a wide latitude. The heading
time can be determined by the period of vegetative growthphase, from seedling to panicle primordium initiation, andreproductive phase, from panicle initiation to heading.2) The
vegetative growth phase consists of the basic vegetative
phase (BVP) and photoperiod sensitive phase (PSP).
Cultivated rice is classified as a short-day plant, and it
exhibits a wide genetic diversity with respect to sensitivity
to photoperiod 3). Tanisaka et al. isolated a longer BVP
mutant line induced by γ-irradiation of seeds of theJapanese lowland rice cultivar ‘Ginbozu’ with a longer PSP
and shorter BVP.3) Indonesian rice cultivars belonging to
the ecotype bulu have a shorter PSP and longer BVP.4) The
aim for this study was to isolate a shorter BVP mutant line
induced by heavy-ion radiation.
Dry seeds of an Indonesian native rice cultivar (Oryza
sativa L. ‘Gemdjah Beton’ belonging to the ecotype bulu)
were irradiated with C-ions accelerated to 135
MeV/nucleon by (RRC) at a dose of 125 Gy in April 2011.
LET values of the C-ions corresponded to 22.5 keV/μm.
In 2011, the M1 seeds were sown in seedling trays at theend of April and grown in a greenhouse for 4 weeks. Field
experiments were conducted in the paddy fields of theExperimental Farm Station, Graduate School of Life
Sciences, Tohoku University, in Kashimadai, Osaki, Miyagi,
Japan (37º28’, 141º06’). A fertilizer was applied to the
paddy fields at rates of 30 kg of N, P, and K/ha. We
transplanted 3,000 seedlings (age, four weeks) into a single
lot at the end of May. Plants were grown at a density of aplant per hill, with 30-cm spacing between hills. In the
middle of September, more than 15 M1 plants flowered one
week earlier than the other M1 plants and the wild-type‘Gemdjah Beton’. We sampled the M2 seeds of these M1
plants in the beginning of November.
In 2012, we planted the M2 seeds of these selected lines atthe end of April and then transplanted 50 seedlings per eachline in a paddy field at the end of May. One mutant line
flowered over about ten days earlier than the other M2 lines
and the wild-type in the middle of September. At the end of
October, M3 seeds of 26 plants were sampled in the M2 line.
*1

Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University*2

RIKEN Nisina Center*3

RIKEN Innovation Center- 291 -In 2013, we randomly selected 10 M3 lines from 26 M3lines and grew 50 plants of each M3 line. The period fromtransplanting to the heading of wild-type was 17 weeks. Six
M3 lines exhibited the segregation from 15 to 17 weeks. The
heading day of two M3 lines was the same as that of thewild-type. All plants of another two M3 lines showedheading two weeks earlier than the wild-type. Therefore, we
succeeded in isolating early-heading mutant lines inducedby heavy-ion radiation.
Seven loci that control the period of BVP were detectedin cultivated rice.5) We are currently attempting todetermine the locus of the mutant gene that shortens theperiod of BVP in the mutant lines isolated in this study.

Fig. Early-heading M3 mutant line (left) and wild-type(right) grown in a paddy field on October 18, 2013
References
1) D. A. Vaughan: Wild relatives of rice. A Genetic resources
handbook. (IRRI, Philippines 1986).
2) B. S. Vergara and T. T. Chang: The flowering response of therice plant to photoperiod . A review of the literature. 4th Edition(IRRI, Philippines 1985).
3) T. Tanisaka et al.: Japan J. Breed. 42, 657 (1992).
4) N. Takahashi: in Biology of Rice, edited by S. Tsunoda and N.
Takahashi (Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, 1984), P 31.
5) Q. Yuan et al.: Theor. Appl. Genet. 119, 675 (2009)

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

The wheat plastochron mutant, fushi-darake, produced by heavy-ion beammutagenesis†
C. Tahira,＊1 N. Shitsukawa,＊1 Y. Kazama,＊2 T. Abe,＊3 and K. Murai＊1
Grasses such as wheat (Triticum aestivum) are the major
source of carbohydrates for humans, and the yield of grainfrom these crops is largely dependent on inflorescencearchitecture. A detailed understanding of development inwheat plants is of value not only to wheat breeding but also
for basic scientific research. From the large scale mutant
panel of diploid einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum)developed by heavy-ion beam irradiation1), we identified amutation that had an abnormally large number of nodes; wetermed this mutation fushi-darake (fdk), which means too
many nodes in Japanese.
The fdk showed drastic changes to their structuralorganization compared to wild type (WT) plants in the field(Fig. 1). Contrary to WT, fdk plants had 1/2 alternate
phyllotaxy with rapid leaf emergence. Consequently, the fdk
plants had a larger number of nodes and leaves compared to
the WT plants. In the fdk plants, vegetative shoot branches
emerged from the nodes in the upper part of the culm of
most tillers (Fig. 1). In these ectopic shoots, normal leaves
were produced with 1/2 alternate phyllotaxy. The culms of
fdk plants were unable to support the heavy upper
vegetative shoots, with the result that the plants collapsed
onto the ground (Fig. 1).
We examined the timing of leaf unfolding in WT and fdk
seedlings grown in a growth chamber. The rate of leaf
emergence was more rapid in fdk compared to WT after the
3-leaf stage. This indicates that rapid leaf emergence in fdk
resulted from a rapid rate of leaf initiation: the plastochronof fdk plants was estimated to be half of that in WT.

fdk

WT

Fig. 1. fushi-darake (fdk) mutant plant grown in the fieldand green house. WT: wild-type wheat strain KU104-1

To investigate further the morphological differences
between WT and fdk plants, we carried out an SEM(scanning electron microscope) analysis of shoot apicalmeristem (SAM) development. SAM development in fdk
plants was very different to that of WT plants. The SAM
elongated but its branch meristems (BMs) resembled leaf
primordia rather than spikelet meristems (SMs). Ectopic flat
dome-like BMs that were similar to leaf primordia were
initiated with a1/2 alternate pattern. These observations,
together with those on the morphology of the fdk, suggestthat the flat dome-like BMs develop into vegetative shoots.
The inflorescence of grass species is composed of aunique unit called the spikelet. When the wheat planttransits from the vegetative to reproductive growth phase(flowering), the SAMs are elongated and spikelet meristems(SMs) initiate as lateral branches. Our SEM analysis of the
fdk mutant indicated that differentiation of SMs wasdelayed and the leaf primordia were initiated from branchmeristems (BMs) with 1/2 alternate phyllotaxy. Theseobservations suggest that 1/2 alternate phyllotaxy with rapid
leaf emergence produced the shortened plastochron in the
fdk mutant. The SAMs further elongated and produced flat
dome-like BMs at the position of the original SMs. We also
found that fdk plants had vegetative shoot branches
emerging from the nodes of upper part of culm of almost all
tillers. Thus, our results suggest that these vegetative shoots
are likely to be developed from the BMs of elongated
SAMs. In conclusion, our findings indicate that theabnormal phenotype of the fdk mutant resulted fromtransformation of SMs into vegetative shoots.
Three plastochron mutants, plastochron 1 (pla1) 2), pla23)
and pla34), have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa).
Among them, we found that wheat fdk and rice pla1
mutants show similar phenotypes. These facts indicate thatsome common genetic cascades are involved in thephenotype of wheat fdk and rice pla1. The WT gene,
PLASTOCHRON 1 (PLA1), encodes a member of aplant-specific subfamily of cytochrome P450, CYP78A11,
which potentially catalyzes substances controlling plantdevelopment5). The similar phenotypes of the fdk with pla1,
suggest that PLA1 or related genes may be candidates forthe fdk mutation in wheat.
References

1) K. Murai et al.: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research B 314. 2013, 59.
2) J.-I. Itoh et al.: The Plant Cell 10. 1998, 1511.
3) T. Kawakatsu et al.: The Plant Cell 18. 2006, 612.
4) T. Kawakatsu et al.: The Plant Journal 58. 2009, 1028.
5) K. Miyoshi et al.: PNAS 101, 2004, 875.

†

Condensed from the article in American J. Plant. Sci. 4, 28 (2013)
Department of Bioscience, Fukui Prefectural University＊2
RIKEN Innovation Center＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊1- 292 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Constructing S -locus deletion mutant in common buckwheat byusing heavy-ion-beam irradiation
M. Ueno,1 T. Abe,2 Y. Hayashi,2 and Y. Yasui1
In Fagopyrum esculentum (common buckwheat), theplants exhibit short-styled or long-styled flowers, showing
distyly. The floral morphology and intra-morph
incompatibility are both determined by a single genetic
complex named S-locus. Plants with short-styled flowers
are heterozygous (S/s) and plants with long-styled flowers
are homozygous recessive (s/s) at S-locus. Previously we
discovered a new gene, S-LOCUS EARLY FLOWERING 3(S-ELF3), which is a candidate gene for short-styled
phenotypes of distyly, and its flanking region of about 500
kbp has already been sequenced1). Recombination aroundthe S-locus is supposed to be restricted, because norecombination between floral morphology and intra-morph
incompatibility was observed. Thus, genetic mapping is notpossible to determine the genomic region containing the
S-locus. The purpose of this study is to construct mutants
that lack the genomic region around the S-locus by
heavy-ion-beam irradiation, in order to use the mutants fornarrowing down the S-locus in the future.

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the screening of S-del
haplotypes. New mutant S-del1 possessed only Y_#3
marker, which is tightly linked to S-locus, i.e., no S-ELF3
was found. The flower phenotypes of S-del1 were longstyled. Dashed line indicates the genomic region deleted byheavy-ion-beam irradiation.

For obtaining an S-locus-deletion plant, buckwheat seeds
were irradiated with accelerated 12C6+ ions in doses ranging
from 100 Gy to 125 Gy. The linear energy transfer (LET)
range of 12C6+ was from 22.5 keV/µm to 30 keV/µm. The
total DNA was extracted from 1,152 plants of M2 growing
in the experimental room, and their flower types were
investigated. For screening of the S-locus-deletion plant,
PCR was performed using an S-haplotype specific primerset (Y_#3) obtained using cDNA-Amplified Fragment
Length Polymorphism (AFLP) analysis (Yasui et al., in
preparation). The Y_#3 PCR marker showed perfect linkage
with the S-locus in 1,400 mapping population and wasamplified only with short-styled buckwheat plants collectedfrom all over the world. S-ELF3 and Y_#3 marker werelocated physically distant to each other, because the DNA
sequence of Y_#3 marker could not be found on the 500
kbp BAC contig flanking of S-ELF3 (Yasui et al., in
preparation). Further, if short-styled plants lack genomic
region only around the S-locus, the flower type of the plantis expected to become long-styled, but must possess theY_#3 marker (Fig. 1).
In 1,152 plants investigated, one showed both positive
Y_#3 PCR amplification and long-styled flowers and wasnamed S-del1. Furthermore, S-ELF3 and six dominant PCRmarkers covering the 500 kbp sequence flanking S-ELF31)
produced no PCR products with S-del1 DNA. It isconsidered that the large genomic region (>500 kbp)
harboring the S-locus was deleted in the S-del1 mutant andthat the flower type of S-del1 changed from short-styled tolong-styled (Fig. 1). These results imply that S-ELF3 or its
flanking gene controlled short-styled phenotypes.
It is expected that combining PCR amplification with
S-linked maker (Y_#3) and phenotyping of flower type on
M2 plants is effective in the screening of S-locus-deletion
plants. We are planning to screen other sets of M2
population. In the near future, we will be able to construct afine deletion map such as that of the Y chromosome of
Silene latifolia2).
In this study, we observed a phenotypic change fromshort-styled to long-styled flowers in the mutant progeny.
This makes the creating of S-del homozygous (S-del/S-del)plant possible, and the resulting plants will enable us toestimate the role of s-haplotype genes and to narrow down
the genomic region harboring these genes.
References
1) Yasui et al.: PLoS ONE 7, e31264 (2012).
2) Fujita et al.: G3 (Bethesda) 2, 271 (2012).

1
2

Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
RIKEN Nishina Center- 293 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

DNA marker analysis revealed that the deletion is relatively small
in loss-of-apomixis mutants
M. Takahara,＊1 M. Ebina,＊1 R. Morita,＊2 Y. Kazama,＊3 T. Abe,＊2,＊3 T. Takamizo,＊1 and H. Nakagawa＊4
Apomixis produces seed progeny that are genetically
identical to the mother plant. This process is widely
observed among wild plant species but is almost completely
absent in major crop species. Apomixis will have a great
impact on agriculture through clonal seed production. As
the first step of the agricultural use of apomixis, we aimed
to isolate the gene(s) controlling apomixis for application in
major crops. Guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq.), a
major tropical forage grass, has some characteristics
suitable for the study of apomixis. However, recent studies
have suggested that recombination is suppressed at theapomixis-controlling locus in guinea grass. To narrow down
the apomixis-controlling genomic region, we developed
deletion mutants for this region by using irradiation withheavy-ion beams.1), 2), 3) In a previous study, we found that
two mutant lines (SM-1 and SM-2) showed different AFLP
patterns between M2 progenies within each line.3) This
result suggested that they lost the apomicitic pathway ofreproduction and propagated using the sexual mode of
reproduction. In the present study, we analyzed the deletion
size
of
these
loss-of-apomixis
mutants
withapomixis-specific sequence-tagged site (STS) markers.
The M1 plants of SM-1 and SM-2 were generated fromdry seeds (an apomictic cultivar ‘Natsukaze’) irradiatedwith 20Ne10+ (63 keV/μm) ions at 200 Gy and 56Fe24+ (624keV/μm) ions at 20 Gy, respectively.2) Approximately ten
M2 plants of each line were grown in a field. DNA fromfive M2 plants of each line were extracted from leaves andanalyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with 83
apomixis-specific STS markers. The SM-1-1, SM-1-4, andSM-1-6 plants were blighted before analysis.
Fig. 1 shows that SM-1 lost four markers (CA-A14-252,
CI-A1-296, CI-T1-217, and CK-T2-374) among the 83
analyzed markers (4.8%). In case of the SM-2 line, twomarkers (CA-A3-354 and CA-A11-355) among the 83
analyzed markers (2.4%) were lost in only three M2 plants(SM-2-3–5). Fig. 1 also shows that SM-2-1 possessed all
markers, suggesting that it had an intact apomixis
chromosome. In contrast, SM-2-2 lost all markers,
suggesting that it lost the entire apomixis chromosome.
These results can be explained by the exchange ofchromosomes during the process of sexual reproduction in
SM-2. SM-2-3–5 were suggested to have a partially deleted
apomixis chromosome.
These results suggested that the size of the deletion in
SM-1 and SM-2 was relatively small, probably several
percent of the apomixis-controlling genomic region.
Previously, we obtained 22 other mutants in which theapomixis-controlling genomic region was partially deleted,and these mutants lost 2–12 STS markers out of a total of
48 markers (4.2–25%).3) Compared to these mutants, thesize of the deletion in SM-1 and SM-2 were suggested to berelatively small. However, we could not estimate the exact
physical size of these deletions because the whole DNA
sequence of this region has not been obtained. Sequencing
and scaffolding of BAC clones of this region is currently inprogress. This result will be useful in estimating the exact
size of the deletions and in searching for the genes withinthese deletion regions.

Fig. 1 PCR analysis using STS markers lost in SM-1 or SM-2 mutant line. Five M2 individuals were analyzed
in each mutant line. An apomictic cultivar ‘Natsukaze’ (NK) and a sexual line ‘Noh PL1’ (Noh) were used as
the positive and negative controls, respectively.
References
1) M. Takahara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 273 (2011).
2) M. Takahara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 215 (2012).
3) M. Takahara et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 263 (2013).

National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO)
Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
RIKEN Innovation Center＊4
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences(JIRCAS)＊1- 294 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Effect of C-ion beam irradiation on survival rates and flower color mutations
in statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.)
D. Ogawa,＊1 T. Fujioka,＊1 T. Hirano,＊2 and T. Abe＊2,＊3
Statice (Limonium sinuatum Mill.) is one of the popular
cut flowers for flower arrangement or flower tributebecause of the long-term keeping quality of the flower andwide variety of flower color. Generally, flower color of
statice, which is defined by the color of the calyx, can beclassified into five groups: purple, pink, blue, yellow, andwhite. Wakayama Prefecture, which is the major
statice-producing region of Japan, has developed 7 cultivars
by cross-breeding. However, a superior pink cultivar has
not been developed. Therefore, we aimed to obtain staticemutants with pink calyx by heavy-ion beam irradiation. In
this study, we investigated the suitable doses of heavy-ion
beam irradiation for statice and flower color mutations.
Multiple-shoot cultures of statice Kishu Fine Grape were
irradiated using C-ion beam (LET 23 keV/μm) at doses of
5–30 Gy. After irradiation, the samples were cut into single
shoot segments and transferred to a medium supplemented
with 0.2 mg/l α-naphthaleneacetic acid for root induction.
Eight weeks after irradiation, the surviving shoots androoted shoots were counted (Fig. 1). The survival frequencyof the shoots was found to be 95.5% when the irradiationdose was 5 Gy. On the contrary, at doses of over 10 Gy, thesurvival frequency apparently decreased. The rooting
frequency of the shoots decreased from 87.7% at 0 Gy to29.9%. No root formation was observed at 5 and 10 Gy.
These results suggest that the suitable dose of C-ion
irradiation for statice is less than 5 Gy.
Thus, for the improvement of flower color, we irradiatedone purple cultivar (Kishu Fine Grape) and two light purple
cultivars (Kishu Fine Lavender and Kishu Star) with C-ion
beams at doses of 2 and 5 Gy in our further experimentation.
Four weeks after the irradiation, the rooting rates of Kishu
Survival and Rooting Rates (%)

100

Survival rate
Rooting rate

80
60
40
20

Star were 87.5%, 87.3%, and 67.7% at 0, 2, and 5 Gy,
respectively. Similar results were obtained for the othercultivars Kishu Fine Grape and Kishu Fine Lavender (datanot shown). The rooted plants were acclimated to outside
conditions and subsequently transplanted to pots containing
soil.
Table 1 shows the flower-color mutants obtained in thisstudy. Among the 3 cultivars, Kishu Fine Lavender andKishu Star showed flower color mutations. However, wefailed to obtain the mutants from Kishu Fine Grape. Six
mutants were induced from Kishu Fine Lavender. All six
mutants exhibited paler flower color (e.g., Royal
Horticulture Society [RHS] Color Chart value N91D) thanthat of the original cultivar (RHS Color Chart value N87D).
Ten mutants were induced from Kishu Star. Among them, 5
and 2 were pale and deep color mutants, respectively (Fig.
2). The other 2 mutants changed to reddish color (e.g., RHS
Color Chart value N81C).
Although a pink-colored mutant was not obtained in thisstudy, we confirmed that flower color mutants of statice
could be obtained by heavy-ion beam irradiation.
Furthermore, other interesting mutations were found, suchas small flower, variations in the calyx shape, and no hairon the peduncle (data not shown). These results suggest thatheavy-ion beam irradiation is effective for developing
various useful mutants in statice. Mutant screening for theabove-mentioned aim are currently in progress.
Table 1. Type and number of flower color mutants by C-ion beamirradiation.
No. of mutants
No. of
Dose
Cultivars
plantsPale
Deep
Reddish(Gy)
investigated
color
color
color
Kishu
0
16
0
0
0
Fine
2
60
0
0
0
Grape
5
14
0
0
0
Kishu
0
20
0
0
0
Fine
2
166
4
0
0
Lavender
5
51
2
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
Kishu
2
52
3
2
1
Star
5
20
2
0
2

0
0

5

10
15
Dose (Gy)20

30

Fig. 1. Effect of C-ion beam irradiationon the survival and rooting rates instatice Kishu Fine Grape. Data wererecorded 8 weeks after the irradiation.
Original
Pale color
Deep color
cultivarmutantmutant(N82B)(N84D)(N87A)
Fig. 2. Flower color mutants of statice Kishu Star.
Royal Horticulture Society Color Chart values areindicated in parentheses.

Horticultural Experiment Center, Wakayama Agricultural Experiment
Station＊2
RIKEN Innovation Center＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊1- 295 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Flower color mutants of chrysanthemum obtained using C-ion beamirradiation
K. Tamaki,＊1 M. Yamanaka,＊1 Y. Mizutani,＊1 Y. Hayashi,＊2 T. Hirano,＊3 and T. Abe＊2,＊3
Chrysanthemum is a major agricultural product in Hyogo
Prefecture. We tried to use ion beams to induce flower color
variation in chrysanthemum. We irradiated 53 cultivars ofchrysanthemum with carbon beams. We have previously
reported their mutant frequency and flower color mutants.1)
We tried to increase variation in flower color by using asingle origin. We irradiated flower color mutants from
‘Benitsubaki’ with C-ion beams and obtained more mutants.
‘Benitsubaki’ is a purplish red small mum that blooms at
the end of November (Fig. 1). In 2009, we irradiatedcuttings with C-ion beams (energy, 135MeV/nucleon; LET,
23 keV/ m) at doses of 4 and 6 Gy. After irradiation,
herbaceous cutting was performed, and four weeks later, fix
planting was carried out in a glass house. Cultivation
conditions were no pinching and no picking the bud. Other
conditions for cultivation were standard. At the time of fullbloom, we observed the mutation rate with respect to flower
shapes. Stability of the mutation was confirmed in 2010.
We irradiated the cuttings of VT4Pi and VT6RB mutants
with C-ion beams at doses of 4 and 6 Gy in 2011. Other
conditions were the same in 2009. Relative DNA contents
of somatic nuclei in ‘Benitsubaki’ and mutants derived after
re-irradiation were compared using flow cytometry.
The mutation frequencies of ‘Benitsubaki’ were 6.3% at
4 Gy and 4.3% at 6 Gy. We obtained two flower color
mutants, deep pink (VT4Pi) and red (VT6RB), thatbloomed at the end of November. These mutations werestable in 2010. Since the flower color of VT4Pi was notdifferent from that of the original ‘Benitsubaki’, we tried
re-irradiation to obtain more varied mutants.
The mutation frequencies of VT4Pi were 7.8% at 4 Gy
and 3.9% at 6 Gy. We obtained 4 flower color mutants from
VT4Pi (Fig. 1). One of them was double-colored, purplish
red outside and white inside (VT4Pi6WT-Wh), thatbloomed at the middle of December. Two mutants were also
double-colored flowers that bloomed at the end of
December and were deep pink outside and white inside(VT4Pi6Pi-Wh) and light pink outside and white inside(VT4PiLtPi-Wh). The fourth mutant was also
double-colored, orange outside and yellow inside(VT4Pi6Or-Yr) and bloomed at the middle of December.
The difference among three mutants, VT4Pi6WT-Wh,
VT4Pi6Pi-Wh and VT4PiLtPi-Wh, was the strength of thecolor. The mutation frequencies of VT6RB were 7.3% at 4
Gy and 14.3% at 6 Gy. The yellow mutant (VT6RB6Yr･
The part of Agricultural Horticulture, Hyogo Prefectural Institutefor Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries＊2
RIKEN Nishina Center＊3
RIKEN Innovation Center＊1RB) bloomed in the middle of December (Fig. 1).
Although this mutant had a reddish bud, the flowers werebright yellow with green core.
Flower color changes under the influence of cultivation
temperature. We are currently carrying out cultivation
experiments to reveal the effect of temperature on the
blooming period and flower color of these mutants. In terms
blooming period, all the obtained mutants bloomed late.
The mutation frequency by re-irradiation was higher thanthat after a single irradiation. The relative DNA contents inthe mutants obtained after re-irradiation did not decrease tothat in ‘Benitsubaki’. These results indicate that ion-beam
re-irradiation of mutants is effective in increasing thevariety of mutants.

Fig. 1 ‘Benitsubaki’ and its flower color mutants
References

1) K. Tamaki et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44 p.276-277(2010).

- 296 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Effects of heavy-ion-beam irradiation on flower-color mutationin chrysanthemum
Y. Tanokashira,＊1 S. Nagayoshi,＊1 T. Hirano,＊2 and T. Abe＊2,＊3
Kagoshima Prefecture is a leading spray-mum production
region in Japan. Until date, we have developed more than
50 spray-mum cultivars by cross breeding; in addition, we
also performed mutation breeding by using heavy-ion-beamirradiation. In this study, we investigated the effects ofheavy-ion-beam irradiation on flower-color mutation ofspray-mum.
We irradiated cuttings of the spray-mum cultivar‘Southern Chelsea’, which was developed in Kagoshima
Prefecture, with C-ion (LET 23 keV/μm) at doses of 2–5 Gy,
Ne-ion (LET 62 keV/μm) at doses of 2 and 5 Gy, Ar-ion(LET 280 keV/μm) at doses of 2 and 5 Gy, and X-ray atdoses of 5–20 Gy. After the irradiation, we planted thecultivars in a greenhouse and investigated the variations inflower-color mutation.
Among 4,741 irradiated branches, we obtained 468
branches with flower-color mutations (Table 1). The
mutants from ‘Southern Chelsea’ with pink flower showed
flower colors of white, light pink, deep pink, yellow, light
reddish yellow, and deep reddish yellow (Fig. 1).
On the basis of the analysis of flower pigments in the
mutants, the relationship between the variations in theamount of the pigments and colors was considered, as
shown in Figure 2. The mutants with deep pink flowers had
higher anthocyanin content in their flowers than that in‘Southern Chelsea’, and the mutants with white, yellow, andlight pink flowers had low anthocyanin content. The light
reddish yellow, deep reddish yellow, and yellow flowers
were because of increased carotenoid content. The
flower-color mutation was high in the order of deep reddish
yellow, white, and light reddish yellow.

In the irradiations at 5 Gy, the flower-color mutation rate
was high in the order of Ne-ion, C-ion, Ar-ion, and X-ray(Table 1), indicating that the heavy-ion-beam irradiations
were more effective for the induction of flower-color
mutation than that by X-ray irradiation. Since the majorityof the shoot tips died after Ar-ion irradiation at 5 Gy, mutant
screening should be performed at low-dose irradiations suchas 2Gy.
The mutation rate for yellow flowers was 0–0.2% after
C-ion, Ne-ion, and X-ray irradiations. On the other hand,
the mutation rate after Ar-ion irradiation was 0.9% and washigher than that after the other irradiations (Table 1). In
addition, some mutants showed flower-shape and color
variations at the tips of the petals, such as to yellow or
white (Fig. 1-B). These variations were only observed in the
Ar-ion irradiation, suggesting that the Ar-ion beam at a LET
of 280 keV/μm might have more different effects onmutation induction than that by the lower LET Ar-ion-beamirradiation.
The results in this study indicated that heavy-ion-beam
can induce a broad spectrum of mutant phenotypes inchrysanthemum. Currently, we are screening the mutants
derived from Ar-ion irradiation.

A‘Southern Chelsea’

Table 1. Flower-color mutation induced by heavy-ion-beam and X-ray irradiations.
Flower-color mutation

Variation source

Line class

C
Ne
Ar

X-ray
Total

Number ofirradiatedDose plants

䠄Gy䠅
2
3
5
2
5
2
5
5
10
15
20

Deep
reddishyellow

White

84
2
11
540 2520354 2511
348 16978427434 302
21
9552 2340
1955 73
6
6
180
8
9
189
4741 219 (37) 140 (59)Light
reddishyellow

2
9
7
7
5
12
9
31
5
4
91 (16)

Yellow

Deep
pink

Light
pink

The tip of the petal
NumberMutation
䠄The origin of theofpetal䠅
rate(䠂)mutants
YellowWhite
䠄Reddish䠄pink䠅
yellow䠅

1
1
4

3

1

2

1

1
3

8 (0)

1
1
5 (2)

3 (3)

2 (0)

1 (0)

B

4
46
52
35
21
80
2
42
148
17
22
469

4.8
8.5
14.7
10.1
25.0
18.4
9.5
7.6
7.6
9.4
11.6
9.9

( )䠖Mutated sector in the flower was defined as the area of the petals with changed color that
accounted for more than 50% of the whole petal area in a flower. The total number of irradiatedand mutated plants with the number of plants having mutated sectors shown with in parenthesis.

Kagoshima Prefectural Institute for Agricultural Development
RIKEN Innovation Center＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center

Bar : 5cm

Fig. 1 Spectrum of mutant phenotypes. (A)Flower-color mutations. (B) Color variations
at the tips of the petals and variations in theflower shape.
Deep
reddishYellowup
CarotenoiddLight
reddishyellow

down
White

Light
pink

down
wn

pink
'Southern
Chelsea'

Anthocyanin

Deep
pink

up
u

Fig. 2 Relationship between the amount ofpigments and color variations in the mutants.

＊1＊2- 297 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Effect of heavy-ion beam irradiation on seeds reductionof ‘Konta’ kumquat fruit
K. Tomura,*1 T. Teraoka,*2 T.Nakajima, *1 Y. Kobayashi,*1 I. Sawano,*3
Y. Hayashi,*4 N. Fukunishi,*4 T. Abe*4*1

Fruit Tree Res. Center, Shizuoka Res. Inst. of Agric. and For.

*2present：Shizuoka Agric. Promotion div.

*3

present：Shizuoka Toubu Agric. and For. Office*4

RIKEN Nishina Center

rate (Fig. 2). Furthermore, we isolated the branches bearing
more seeds reduced fruits from these selected vM1 plants.
The fixation of seeds reduction is currently underinvestigation.

Fig.1 fruit surfaces after equatorial cuts.
Perfect seeds (left) and reduced seed (right)
Table 1. Appearance of seeds reduced fruits of ‘Konta’ by Ne-ion beam irradiation
Irradiation
Ne
Control

Number of vM1
36
29

Number of
total fruits
2125
1651

Number of perfect seeds (%)
0-2 seeds>3 seeds
128(6%)
1997(94%)21(1%)
1630(99%)

Table 2. Appearance of seeds reduced fruits of ‘Konta’ by C-ion beam irradiation

128
5

㻥㻜
㻤㻜
㻣㻜
㻢㻜
㻡㻜
㻠㻜
㻟㻜
㻞㻜
㻝㻜
㻜

㻺㼑㻙㼕㼛㼚

Number of
total fruits
7307
208

㻥㻜
㻤㻜
㻣㻜
㻢㻜
㻡㻜
㻠㻜
㻟㻜
㻞㻜
㻝㻜
㻜

Number of perfect seeds (%)
0-2 seeds>3 seeds
962(13%)6345(87%)
17(8%)
191(92%)

㻯㻙㼕㼛㼚

㼚㼠
㼞㼛
㻺㼛 㼘
㻚㻢
㻺㼛
㻚㻣
㻺㼛
㻚㻤
㻺㼛
㻚㻥
㻺㼛
㻚㻝
㻺㼛 㻜
㻚 㻝㻝
㻺㼛
㻚㻝
㻺㼛 㻞
㻚 㻝㻟
㻺㼛
㻚㻝
㻺㼛 㻠
㻚 㻝㻡

C
Control

Number of vM1

㻯㼛

Irradiation㻾㼍㼠㼕㼛㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼑㼑㼐㼟㻌㼞㼑㼐㼡㼏㼑㼐㻌㼒㼞㼡㼕㼠㻌㼜㼑㼞㻌㼜㼘㼍㼚㼠
㻯㼛
㼚㼠
㼞㼛
㻺㼛 㼘
㻚㻝
㻺㼛
㻚㻞
㻺㼛
㻚㻟
㻺㼛
㻚㻠
㻺㼛
㻚㻡

‘Konta’ kumquat was found as a bud mutant in the field bya farmer in Shizuoka Prefecture. ‘Konta’ has some uniquecharacteristics compared with ‘Neiha’ kumquat. It has
higher sugar content and lesser citric acid content than
‘Neiha’ kumquat, which tastes extremely good. On the other
hand ‘Konta’ has more seeds (6-7) than ‘Neiha’ (5-6). 1) If
we can develop seedless ‘Konta’, it will be a valuablecultivar. Recently, heavy-ion beam irradiation has beenreported as an effective mutation breeding technique.
Especially since ‘Konta’ has multi-embryonic seeds, it isdifficult to breed this cultivar.
In this study, we investigated the effect of heavy-ion beamirradiation on seed reduction and attempted to obtain amutant of ‘Konta’ kumquat fruit with reduced number ofseeds.
In 2007 and 2008, dormant scions from the hard branchesof ‘Konta’ kumquat were irradiated with 12C6+ and 20Ne10+
at a dose of 10Gy(135 MeV/u, 61.1 keV/μm). After
irradiation, the scions were grafted on Poncirus trifoliata tocreate the vegetative mutant 1(vM1) generation. After
sprouting, the treetops were subjected to cutting back at
least 3 times. As the control, original ‘Konta’ was grafted on
P. trifoliata. These plants are pollinated naturally, andsuperfluous fruits were not removed for securing thenumber of fruits.
We counted the number of perfect seeds on the equatorial
cut surface of all the fruits obtained from Ne-ion irradiatedvM1 and C-ion irradiated vM1 in 2011 and 2012. We
considered fruits with 0-2 perfect seeds as “seeds reduced
fruit” (Fig. 1) and calculated the ratio of seeds reduced
fruits (i.e., number of fruits with two or less seeds/numberof examined fruits).
For Ne-ion beam irradiation, the appearance ratio of seeds
reduced fruit in vM1 plants was 6%, while that in thecontrol was 1% (Table 1). One of thirty-six vM1 plants bore
more than 80% seeds reduced fruits by Ne-ion beamirradiation. For C-ion beam irradiation, the appearance ratioof seeds reduced fruit in vM1 plants was 13%, while that in
the control was 8% (Table 2). In four plants, the ratio ofseeds reduced fruit per vM1 plant exceeded 70% by C-ion
beam irradiation. The ratios of seeds reduced fruit percontrol plant were less than 10% in both the irradiation
studies. These results indicate that heavy-ion beamirradiation is effective for seed reductions in ‘Konta’ fruit.
We selected the vM1 plants with high seeds reduced fruits

Fig. 2 Examples of vM1 plant with high seeds reduced fruits rate.
Vertical bars represent ± SD(Ne: n = 29, C: n = 5).

References
1) Y. Araki : Izu Agric. Res. Center, Shizuoka Res. Inst. of Agric.
and For. Rep. (2003) p.158-159- 298 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Rapid evaluation of mutational effects resulting from heavy-ion irradiation of

Undaria pinnatifida

T. Hirano,＊1 Y. Sato,＊1,＊2 K. Ichinose,＊3 Y. Hayashi,＊3 N. Fukunishi,＊3 and T. Abe＊1,＊3
Undaria pinnatifida, called wakame in Japan, is a majorcommercial seaweed. Recently, there has been a demand for
new cultivars with enhanced properties, such as high yield,
high environmental adaptability, or high concentration ofavailable contents for human health, to expand the market
for wakame. Therefore, we performed the mutation
breeding of U. pinnatifida through heavy-ion-beamirradiation.1) Optimization of the dose and linear energy
fransfer (LET) in heavy-ion mutagenesis is essential for
efficient mutant induction.2) However, a method forevaluating mutation frequency has never established in U.
pinnatifida, and the optimization is still difficult. Moreover,in macroalgae, the analysis of mutation frequency in M2
generation consumes much time and requires large space. In
the present study, we irradiated zoospores with heavy-ion
beams. Because the female and male gametophytes
developed from the zoospores are in the haploid stage of its
life cycle, mutant screening can be performed in M1
generation. Through the mutant screening and investigationof the mutant phenotypes, we tried to develop a method forthe effectiveness of heavy-ion mutagenesis.
Samples (3 cm × 3 cm) of sporophylls of U. pinnatifida
were irradiated with C ions (LET: 30.0 keV/μm) at a doseof 0–25 Gy or Ar ions (LET: 280 keV/μm) at a dose of 0–10
Gy. The irradiated pieces were placed in beakers filled withsterilized seawater, and zoospores were induced. The
zoospore suspension were diluted with Provasoli's enrichedseawater with Iodine3) and poured into plastic dishes. The
dishes were incubated at 20 ºC with 12 h photoperiods anda light intensity of 5 μmol m-2 s-1. The gametophyte size
was measured after 3 weeks of culture. The gametophyte
over 100 μm in size of the longest cell filament was defined
as a developed gametophyte, and the formation rate ofdeveloped gametophyte was calculated. Mutant screening
was performed after 5 weeks of culture.
When we investigated the growth of the gametophytes
developed from the irradiated zoospores, the number ofdeveloped gametophytes decreased with increasing
irradiated dose (Fig. 1). A comparison between C-ion andA-ion irradiation revealed that the Ar-ion irradiation has
high biological effect to the cell division or cell growth.
After 5 weeks of culture, some mutants in cell shape, cellsize, and intracellular structure were observed. One of themutants showed a reduction in cell elongation (Fig. 2C, D).
In the untreated control, the female gametophyte cells werelarger than the male gametophyte cells (Fig. 2A, B). There
were at least two types of cell elongation mutants:
RIKEN Innovation Center
Riken Food Co., Ltd.
＊3
RIKEN Nishina Center＊1＊2- 299 -

small-cell type (Fig. 2C) and large-cell type (Fig. 2D). One
possible interpretation is that the small-cell type and thelarge-cell type cells were induced in male and female
gametophytes, respectively. The mutation frequency for thecell elongation mutant tended to increase in adose-dependent manner (data not shown). Therefore, themutants can be used as an indicator for investigating theeffectiveness of heavy-ion mutagenesis. We will evaluate
LET-dependent effects for mutation induction in U.
pinnatifida using this method.

Fig. 1 Effect of heavy-ion irradiation on gametophyte
development. The formation rates after 3 weeks of culture
are expressed as the mean of two individual experiments.

Fig. 2 Morphological mutants induced by C-ion irradiation.
The male (A) and female gametophytes (B) fromunirradiated zoospores were cultured for 5 weeks. The cell
elongation mutants after 5 weeks of culture derived fromthe C-ion irradiation at 5 Gy (C) and 12.5 Gy (D). Bars
indicate 20 μm.
References

1) Y. Sato et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 267 (2012).
2) Y. Kazama et al.: Plant Biotechnol. 25, 113 (2008).
3) M. Tatewaki: Phycologia 6, 62 (1966).

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Effects of heavy-ion beam irradiation on sporophyte survival and growth in

Undaria pinnatifida

Y. Sato,*1,*2 T. Hirano,*3 Y. Hayashi,*4 M. Kasahara,*1 N. Fukunishi,*4 T. Abe*3,*4 and S. Kawano*2
Undaria pinnatifida, called wakame in Japanese, is oneof the most popular seaweed in Japan, Korea, and China. It
is the most important cultivated seaweed in Iwate andMiyagi Prefectures in Japan. In recent years, the wakame
yield has been decreasing because of changing environment,
unimproved productivity, and damage due to Tsunami. For
the purpose of yield restoration and sustainable growthmarket of U. pinnatifida, the development of new cultivars
with properties such as high yield or high environmental
adaptability is necessary. We used heavy-ion-beamirradiation to induce mutagenesis in U. pinnatifida for the
production of new cultivars.1) However, since not enoughstudies have been conducted in the mutagenesis of marine
algae, it is important to produce efficient mutation breedingin U. pinnatifida to assess the relationship between survival
rate after irradiation and mutation frequency. In this study,
we irradiated U. pinnatifida sporophytes with C-ion andAr-ion beam and analyzed the effects on sporophyte
survival and growth in the M1 generation toward successful
mutant screening in M2 generation.
Sporophytes of U. pinnatifida were obtained after
fertilizing the male and female gametes. The sporophytes of
1-mm length were transferred into 15-ml plastic tubes for
C-ion irradiation and hybribags for Ar-ion irradiation, bothcontaining sterilized seawater, and were irradiated at dose
ranges of 0–25 Gy (C ions) or 0–10 Gy (Ar ions). Each tube
or hybribag contained 50 sporophytes. After the irradiation,
the sporophytes were cultivated in 500-ml Erlenmeyer
flasks containing 1/4 PESI medium, 2) with aeration, at
15°C, photoperiod of 12 h/12 h (light/dark), and a lightintensity of 90 μmol photons m−2 s−1. The survival rate wasmeasured after 3 weeks of culture. The plants surviving andreaching 20-mm with in the culture period were further
cultivated in the Rotating and Flowing Land Tank System(PAT.P) at 10°C, photoperiod of 12 h/12 h (light / dark), anda light intensity of 180 μmol photons m−2 s−1 for 8 weeks.
The total length and fresh weights of all the sporophytes
were measured after blotting them dry.
In the flask cultivation after irradiation, dead sporophytes
were observed. Almost all the dead sporophytes had formed
within 1 week of cultivation and had wrinkled leaves (datanot shown). The survival rates after 3 weeks of cultivation
were decreased with increasing irradiation dose (Fig. 1).
The survival rates in sporophytes irradiated using C-ion
beam in sporophytes irradiated using C-ion beam were
almost similar to those in female gametophytes derived
from sporophylls irradiated using C-ion beam.1)

The surviving sporophytes of 20-mm length weretransferred to the land tanks. The total length and individual
weight differed between the doses and ion species. The
sporophytes irradiated with 2 Gy of C-ion beam were thelargest: the maximum length and weight were 75 cm and45.6 g, respectively. These values were approximately twotimes higher than those for the largest sporophytes in thecontrol. The sporophytes irradiated with 25 Gy of C-ion and
2.5–10 Gy of Ar-ion remained withered for up to 2 weeks
after culturing in the tanks.
The sporophytes irradiated with 2-12.5 Gy of C-ion and 1
Gy of Ar-ion formed sporophylls after cultivation for 2
months. Currently, we have cultured and performed mutant
screening of the sporophytes in the M2 generation. We will
analyze the next generation of the large sporophytes
obtained after C-ion irradiation at 2 Gy to confirm whether
the phenotype is inheritable.

Fig. 1 Survival rates of young sporophytes irradiated with
C-ion and Ar-ion beams.

Fig. 2 Total length and individual weight of Undaria
pinnatifida sporophytes measured 8 weeks after theirradiation with C-ion and Ar-ion beams.
References*1

Riken Food Co.,Ltd
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo*3
RIKEN Innovation Center*4
RIKEN Nishina Center

1) Y. Sato et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 267 (2012)2) M. Tatewaki: Phycologia 6, 62 (1966)*2- 300 -

Ⅲ-4. Radiation Chemistry & Biology

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Mutation rates of Parachlorella kessleri by heavy-ion-beam irradiation andclassification of their genomic deletion types
T. Yamazaki,*1,*2 S. Ota,*1,*2 K. Oshima,*1 M. Hattori,*1 Y. Kazama,*3 T. Abe,*3,*4 S. Kawano,*1,*2
Consumption of fossil fuels such as petroleum oil not only
depletes a finite resource but also increases carbon dioxidelevels, which causes global warming. Because of carbon
fixation, plants can contribute to the reduction of carbon
dioxide levels. Moreover, biofuels from plant have been
considered as substitutes for fossil fuels. Microalgae, which
perform photosynthesis like terrestrial plants, have been
attracting attention as a feedstock of biodiesel production inrecent years. To increase the production of biomass andimprove the amount of biofuel from microalgae, thecommon process used is the isolation of strains with highbiomass productivity and/or high oil content from thenatural environment and optimization of culture conditions
for the isolated strains. However, this strategy does notnecessarily obtain the best strains. Therefore, we artificiallymodified the genome of microalgae by using theheavy-ion-beam irradiation. The heavy-ion beam isconsidered a mutagen that causes the partial deletion of
genomic DNA very effectively, and it can also be used tobreed a variety of organisms, including flowering plants.
Because little is known about breeding of unicellular
microalgae by using heave-ion-beam irradiation, evaluationof its effectiveness is necessary.
In this study, we used a green microalga, Parachlorella
kessleri, the draft genome of which has been determined byour group. A search for the draft genome sequence revealed
that NR, NRT and NIR are single-copy genes, and NAR is
duplicated into two genes (NAR1-1, NAR1-2). The
transcript of NAR1-1 was not detected in transcriptome data,suggesting that nitrate is metabolized to ammonia through asingle pathway (NRT-NR-NAR-NiR pathway) in P. kessleri(Fig. 1A). Therefore, a P. kesseleri mutant that can grow in
an ammonia-containing medium but not in anitrate-containing medium is considered to have a defectivein the nitrate assimilation pathway.
P. kessleri cells were irradiated by heavy-ion beams ofdifferent doses and nuclear species, and then screening was
performed using following steps: (1) a single clone derived
from irradiated P. kessleri cells was inoculated in a TAP
medium containing ammonia1); (2) After the P. kessleri cells
were grown, they were inoculated in both TAP medium anda modified TAP medium containing only nitrate as anitrogen source; (3) a putative mutant grow in the TAP
medium, but not in the modified TAP medium. Doses andnuclear species used for the screening are carbon ions the*1

Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier
Sciences, University of Tokyo*2
JST, CREST*3
RIKEN Innovation Center*4
RIKEN Nishina Center

A

B

Figure 1. (A) Nitrate assimilation pathway. NRT, nitratetransporter; NR, nitrate reductase; NAR, nitrite transporter;
NiR, nitrite reductase. (B) Phenotype of the mutant
requiring annmonium. Wild type and mutant P. kessleri
cells of wild type and mutant were grown on a medium
containing ammonium or nitrate. After one week, theircolonies were photographed.
(50 Gy, 25 Gy) and argon ions (25 Gy, 50 Gy). Fig. 1Bshows a representative phenotype of the mutant isolated
from the heavy-ion-beam irradiated mutant that requires
ammonia as a nitrogen source.
A large-scale of screening was performed, and the mutants
were isolated from about 4000 clones for 25 Gy and 50 Gyof argon-ion beams, and 25 Gy and 50 Gy carbon-ion
beams, respectively. As a result, the mutants requiringammonia from the individual doses and nuclear species
were obtained each 0, 4, 3 and 4, respectively. The
incidence in each experiment was 0.00, 0.10, 0.07, and
0.10% (Table 1). In the future, we plan to calculate themutation rate of the irradiation by iron-ion beams.
Table 1. Mutation frequency by heavy-ion-beam irradiation
Nuclear
speciesC

Dose (Gy)

25
50
Ar
25
50
*Ota et al. (2013)

Isolated clone
numberPositive clone
numberFrequency(%)

Survival
rate (%)*

4005
4007
4007
4012

0
4
3
4

0.00
0.10
0.07
0.10

n.d.
59
50
28

Next, the PCR fragment analysis and restriction fragment
length polymorphism-PCR analysis were performed for the
NR gene. However, there was no difference between thewild-type and all mutants, suggesting that the deletions ofgenomic DNA by heavy-ion-beam irradiation are very small
in microalgae. Currently, we are performing re-sequence
analysis using the next generation sequencer IonProton for
the 11 mutants, expecting a detailed comparison of thedeletion pattern of a set of genes involved in nitratemetabolism, including the NR gene.
This study was supported by JST, CREST (to SK).
References
1) Ota et al. : Bioresour Technol. 149:432-438. (2013)- 301 -

IV. OPERATION RECORDS

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Program Advisory Committee meetings
for nuclear physics and for material and life science
K. Yoneda, K. Ishida, H. Ueno, and H. Sakai
The Program Advisory Committees (PAC) is incharge of reviewing scientific proposals submitted foruse of the accelerator facility of RIKEN Nishina Center (RNC). In Fiscal Year 2013, three PAC meetings
were held; two for proposals of nuclear physics (NPPAC), and one for proposals of material and life science(ML-PAC). The NP-PAC meetings were co-organizedby RNC and the Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), theUniversity of Tokyo. The NP-PAC reviewed experimental proposals at RIBF, whereas the ML-PAC reviewed proposals at RAL and RIBF.

Table 1. Summary of the outcome of the 12th and 13th
NP-PAC meetings. Proposals ranked with S and A are
treated as “approved” proposals.
12th NP-PAC (June 28 – 29, 2013)
requested
approved
proposals (days) proposals (days)
GARIS (RILAC)
2 (33)
1 (15)
RIPS (RRC)
1 (6)
0 (0)
BigRIPS/ZDS
17 (137.5)
7 (26)
SHARAQ0 (0)0 (0)SAMURAI
8 (101.5)
4 (21.5)
Construction
0 (-)
0 (-)
Total
28 (278)
12 (62.5)

NP-PACThe 12th and 13th NP-PAC meetings were held on
June 28 and 29, 2013, and December 13 and 14, 2013,
respectively1) . The outcome of these NP-PAC meetings is summarized in Table 1.
After the 12th NP-PAC meeting, eight NP-PAC
members were renewed. The PAC members of the 12thand 13th NP-PAC meetings are as follows:
12th NP-PAC meeting: R. Tribble (Texas A&M,
the chair), R.F. Casten (Yale Univ.), H. Emling(GSI), T. Glasmacher (MSU), M.N. Harakeh (KVI),
M. Huyse (KU Leuven), T. Kishimoto (Osaka Univ.),
M. Lewitowicz (GANIL), C.J. (Kim) Lister (UMass
Lowell), T. Nakamura (Tokyo Tech.), T. Nakatsukasa(RNC), A. Ono (Tohoku Univ.), C. Scheidenberger(GSI), T. Shimoda (Osaka Univ.), F.-K. Thielemann(Univ. of Basel), M. Yahiro (Kyushu Univ.), and Y. Ye(Peking Univ.).
13th NP-PAC meeting: M.N. Harakeh (KVI, thechair), R.F. Casten (Yale Univ.), H. Emling (GSI),
H. Iwasaki (Michigan State Univ.), C.J. (Kim) Lister(UMass Lowell), W. Loveland (Oregon State Univ.),
S. Nakamura (Tohoku Univ.), T. Nakatsukasa (RNC),
T. Nilsson (Chalmers Univ. of Technology), C. Scheidenberger (GSI), B. Sherrill (FRIB Lab.), O. Sorlin (GANIL), A. Tamii (RCNP, Osaka Univ.), F.K. Thielemann (Univ. of Basel), Y. Utsuno (JAEA),
M. Yahiro (Kyushu Univ.), and Y. Ye (Peking Univ.)

ML-PACThe 10th ML-PAC meeting was held on July 2 and3, 20132) . Before the meeting, one of the PAC members from RAL was renewed. In this meeting, twentyfour RAL proposals and seven RIBF proposals werereviewed. The summary of the outcome of the meeting is given in Table 2.

13th NP-PAC (December 13 – 14, 2013)
requested
approved
proposals (days) proposals (days)
GARIS (RILAC)
2 (51)
2 (51)
RIPS (RRC)
4 (51.5)
3 (34)BigRIPS/ZDS
13 (134.5)
5 (49.5)
SHARAQ
1 (8.5)1 (8.5)
SAMURAI
4 (51.5)
4 (31.5)
Construction
1 (-)
1 (-)
Total
25 (297)
16 (174.5)

Table 2. Summary of the outcome of the 10th ML-PAC
meeting.
10th ML-PAC (July 2 – 3, 2013)
requested
approved
proposals (days) proposals (days)
RAL
24 (131)
23 (75)RIBF
7 (75.5)
6 (60.12)
Total
31 (208.5)
29 (135.12)

The 10th ML-PAC members are J.-M. Poutissou(TRIUMF, the chair), A. Amato (PSI), T. Azuma(RIKEN), A. Hiller (ISIS, RAL), R. Kadono (KEK),
A. Kawamoto (Hokkaido Univ.), N. Kojima (Univ. ofTokyo), K. Kubo (ICU), D.E. MacLaughlin (UC Riverside), S. Maekawa (JAEA), P. Mendels (Univ. Paris,
Orsay), H. Yamase (NIMS), S. Yoshida (Yokohama
City Univ.), and X.G. Zheng (Saga Univ.).
References
1) http://www.nishina.riken.jp/RIBF/NP-PAC/index.html
2) http://www.nishina.riken.jp/RIBF/ML-PAC/index.html- 303 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Beam-time statistics of RIBF experiments
K. Yoneda, H. Ueno, and H. Sakai
This report describes the statistics of the beam times(BTs) at the RIBF facility in Fiscal Year (FY) 2013.
In the following, the BTs are categorized into twogroups: high-energy-mode and low-energy-mode BTs.
In the former, beams were delivered in the acceleration
scheme of AVF, RILAC, or RILAC2 → RRC → (fRC
→ IRC →) SRC, where the accelerators in parentheses
can be skipped in the cascade acceleration, dependingon the beam species used. In the latter, the acceleration scheme is AVF or RILAC (→ RRC).
BTs in the high-energy mode were scheduled in April– July 2013 and in the latter half of March 2014, considering the restriction of utility-power use, budgetary
constraints, maintenance schedule of the accelerator
system and co-generation system as well as other constraints. In particular, we skipped the October – December period in FY2013, where we regularly assigned
high-energy-mode BTs so far. This is mainly due tothe rise in electricity costs and lack of operation budget. Big demand of large-scale maintenances, including
replacement of the RRC main colis, is also the reason. In the high-energy-mode BTs in FY2013, the primary beams of 18 O, 124 Xe, and 238 U were delivered tousers, for TBT = 60.5 days to conduct 13 experimental
programs approved by the RIBF Program Advisory
Committees1) . Including TBT = 14.3 days used by
RIKEN for facility development programs, defined asmachine study (MS) experiments, TBT = 74.8 days wasused in total for the experiments in the high-energy
mode. The data summary of the high-energy-mode
BTs in FY2013 is shown in Fig. 1 as a bar chart, where
the total BTs provided for the users’ experiments andthose provided for the MS experiments are indicatedby blue and orange bars, respectively.
The data summary of FY2013 BTs conducted in the
low-energy mode is shown in Fig. 2. The BTs areclassified by the accelerator operation modes AVF, RILAC, and RRC. Experiments in which the AVF or RILAC was operated in the stand-alone mode were able
to be conducted in parallel with the high-energy-mode
BTs. As seen in Fig. 2, the total low-energy-mode
BT in FY2013 was reduced by 50 days compared withthat in FY2012. This reduction is simply due to thelong-term maintenances of RILAC and RRC scheduled
in FY2013. TBT = 140.7 days was used for 75 experiments in FY2013, which is more than 68 experiments
conducted in FY2012.

- 304 -

Fig. 1. Bar chart showing the BT statistics for high-energymode experiments from FY2007 to FY2013. The statistics of accelerator tuning time are not included.

Fig. 2. Bar chart showing the BT statistics for low-energymode experiments from FY2007 to FY2013.

References
1) K. Yoneda, K. Ishida, H. Ueno, and H. Sakai: In thisreport.

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 00 (0)Fee-based distribution of radioisotopes
T. Kambara,∗1 A. Yoshida,∗1 H. Haba,∗1 J. Kanaya,∗1 S. Shibata,∗1 Y. Wakitani,∗1,∗2 and S. Yanou∗1,∗2
RIKEN distributes radioisotopes (RIs) produced at
RIBF to users in Japan for a fee. This project wasstarted in October 2007 in collaboration with theJapan Radioisotope Association1) (JRIA), an organization established to support the utilization of RIs in
Japan. According to a material transfer agreement(MTA) drawn between JRIA and RIKEN, JRIA mediates the transaction of the RIs and distributes themto users for a ﬁxed fee. The distributed RIs are 65 Zn(T1/2 = 244 days), 109 Cd (T1/2 = 463 days), and 88 Y
(T1/2 = 107 days).
The RIs are produced by the RI Applications Teamat the AVF cyclotron. 65 Zn and 88 Y are produced
through (p,n) reactions with natural Cu and SrO targets, respectively. 109 Cd is produced through the109
Ag(d,2n)109 Cd reaction with a 24-MeV deuteronbeam since the (d,2n) reaction is more eﬃcient thanthe conventional (p,n) reaction and the produced RI
has almost the same speciﬁc activity.2)
The prices of the distributed RIs listed in the MTA
were determined on the basis of the production costs
and eﬃciencies before the start of the distributions andhave been unchanged for more than ﬁve years. The
production costs and eﬃciencies were reviewed in 2012,
and new prices were set eﬀective in 2013. The price of65
Zn has been increased except for quantities smaller
than 1 MBq. The prices for 109 Cd and 88 Y have been
reduced, reﬂecting an improvement in the production
yields. In particular, the use of the (d,2n) reaction
for the 109 Cd production has contributed to the pricereduction.

Fig. 2. Amounts of 65 Zn and 109 Cd distributed yearly from2007 to 2013.

of 88 Y with an activity of 0.03 MBq. The shipmentof 88 Y was the ﬁrst one since February 2010 when the
distribution of this radioisotope was formalized. The
ﬁnal recipients of the RIs were eight universities, two
research institutes, and one private company. Compared with 2012, the amount of 109 Cd distributed in2013 was lower by about 30 % (20 MBq in 2012) andthe amount of 65 Zn was higher by about 24 % (58.4
MBq in 2012). Figure 1 shows the yearly trends in thenumber of orders, and Fig. 2 shows the amounts of the
distributed RIs. Data for 88 Y are not included in Fig.
2 because the amount of 0.03 MBq is too small to be
displayed.
Information on the RIs can be obtained from
JRIA through their dedicated website (https://www.jram.net/jram/DispatchTopPage.do; in Japanese), FAX(03-5395-8055), or E-mail (gyomu1@jrias.or.jp).
References
1) http://www.jrias.or.jp/ (Japanese),
http://www.jrias.or.jp/e/ (English).
2) J. Kanaya et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46, 250(2013).

Fig. 1. Number of orders of 65 Zn, 109 Cd, and 88 Y distributed yearly from 2007 to 2013.

In 2013, we delivered ﬁve shipments of 109 Cd witha total activity of 14.15 MBq, 14 shipments of 65 Zn
with a total activity of 72.7 MBq, and one shipment∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Japan Radioisotope Association- 305 -1

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Electric power condition of Wako campus in 2013
E. Ikezawa, *1 T. Fujinawa, *1 M. Kato, *1 H. Yamazawa, *1 and M. Kase*1
The monthly electrical power consumption data for RIKEN
Wako campus (Wako) and RIKEN Nishina Center (RNC)
and the energy supply by the cogeneration system (CGS) are
shown in Fig.1. The hourly electrical power consumption of
RNC in 2013 is shown in Fig.2. The annual data of energy
supply and consumption in 2013 is listed in Table 1. The
total electrical power consumption of Wako in 2013 was
143,508 MWh, which was 14% lower than that in 2012. On
the other hand, the total electrical power consumption of
RNC in 2013 was 55,820 MWh, which was 32% lower thanthat in 2012. When the RI Beam Factory (RIBF) experiments
using the uranium (238U) beam were conducted, themaximum electrical power supply to Wako from Tokyo
electric power corporation (TEPCO) reached 21.00 MW witha CGS output of 4.00 MW on May 24, 2013, and the
maximum electrical power consumption of RNC reached16.8 MW on April 26, 2013.
A complete overhaul of the gas turbine of the CGS #1 after
24,000 h of operation was carried out between February andMarch 2013. After that, an inspection of the gas turbine of
the CGS #1 after 4,000 h of operation was carried out inAugust 2013.
We experienced the following problems during thereporting period. The absorption chillers of the CGS #1 hadproblems, such as corrosion of the surface of the heat transfer
tube. Therefore, work for replacing two markedly impaired
absorption chillers is currently in progress by the
manufacturer since December 2013, and the work is to becompleted by the middle of February 2014. We had a shortinterruption in power twice, in July and August 2013, due tothunderbolts. Earth leakages also occurred 21 times.
However, the origin of most of those leakages was
unexplained.

Fig.1 Monthly electrical power consumption and energy
supply by CGSs in 2013.

Fig.2 Hourly electrical power consumptionof RNC in 2013.

Table 1 Annual data of energy supply and consumption in
2013.
Total

Unit

Wako purchase

125,923

MWh

Total electrical power supply to Wako from TEPCO

91%

Wako consumption

143,508

MWh

Wako electrical power consumption (CGSs + TEPCO)

86%

RNC purchase

43,278MWhTotal electrical power supply to RNC from TEPCO

76%

CGS #1

12,542MWh

CGS #1 total electrical power output

49%

RNC consumption

55,820MWh

RNC total electrical power consumption

68%

CGS #1 thermal

32,696

tons

RNC total thermal power

74%

＊1

Note

RIKEN Nishina Center- 306 -

% of 2012

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radiation safety management at RIBF
K. Tanaka,*1 Y. Uwamino,*1 H. Sakamoto,*1 R. Hirunuma-Higurashi,*1 H. Mukai,*2 A. Akashio,*1 T. Okayasu,*1
H. Fukuda,*1 S. Hashiguchi,*3 M. Takekoshi,*3 Y. Yamauchi,*3 S. Fujita,*1 K. Nakano,*1 H. Aiso,*1 K. Igarashi*1
and S. Iizuka*1
Since 1986, residual radioactivity at the deflectors of
cyclotrons has been measured regularly just before
maintenance work. The variations in the dose rates areshown in Fig. 1. New measurements in 2013 wereconducted only at AVF and RRC owing to theirmaintenance work. The beam intensity of AVF has been
increased since 2006 for the radioisotope production, andthe dose rate has also increased. Because the high intense
beam was not provided to RRC in 2013, there was a
reduction in the dose rates as shown in Fig. 1. The change
in the dose rate at RRC from 1990 to 2006 is not large, andthe value is typically around 20 mSv/h. After 2006, large
variations in the dose rate are observed. It depends on the
beam intensity of RIBF and the cooling time. The dose rateof SRC increased in 2011, and the value became similar to
those of AVF and RRC. The dose rates of IRC and fRC
were measured in 2012 only.
The residual radioactivity was measured along the beamlines after almost every experiment. Points 1–26, marked
with solid circles in Fig. 2, are the locations where
high-residual dose rates were usually observed. Table 1 lists
these dose rates and the measurement dates, beam

conditions, and the decay periods after the end of operation.
The maximum dose rate was found to be 7 mSv/h at point
25, which is below the beam dump chamber of BigRIPS.
The dose rates on the site boundary in 2013 have beenmonitored to prevent it be over legal limit of 1 mSv/y.

Fig. 1. Dose rates of residual radioactivity at the
deflectors of 5 cyclotrons.

Fig. 2. Layout of beam lines at RIBF. Locations where high dose rates were observed are indicated by solid circles
1–26.
*1 RIKEN Nishina center*2 Japan Environment Research Corporation*3 Daiwa Atomic Engineering Corporation- 307 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Table 1. Dose rates measured at beam lines in 2013.
Points 1−26 indicate the measured locations shown in Fig.
2.
Dose
Decay
Date Particle Energy Intensity period
Point rate (M/D)(MeV/u) (pnA)(μSv/h)
(h)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26

630
300
500
110
300
180
920
300
200
1300
1000
1300
80
80
160
143
260
230
6000
110
250
3000
400
1400
7000
250

8/22
8/22
7/24
12/24
7/1
12/26
12/26
7/17
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
4/19
7/4
4/19
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4
7/4

d
d
O-18
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Rb-87
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124O-18
Xe-124O-18
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124
Xe-124

12
12
6.28
10.75
10.75
10.75
10.75
66
50
50
50
50
114
345
345
250
345
250
345
345
345
345
345
345
345
345

10000
10000
1000
1210
1300
200
200
0.07
143
143
143
143
51
36
36
200
36
200
36
51
51
36
36
36
36
36

414
414
50
424
1300
466
466
31
74
74
74
74
74
75
75
2
75
2
75
74
74
75
75
75
75
75

We continuously monitor the radiation in and around the
RIBF facility using neutron and gamma area monitors. The
background dose rates were evaluated and the measured
values were corrected. The background data have beenacquired over a period of a month in August 2013 when all
the accelerators were not in operation. The background of
gamma-ray dose is currently about 2 times higher than thenatural dose rate because of the fallout due to the accident
at the Fukushima Dai-ichi power station. Before theaccident, the natural background of the gamma-ray dose at
the site boundary near the BSI East Bldg. was 0.039 µSv/h
in January 2011. The background of gamma-ray dose in2013 was 0.062 µSv/h. Just like before, all of the corrected
dose rates monitored at 2013 were below the detection limit,
corresponding to 2 µSv/y for neutrons and 8 µSv/y for
gamma-rays. The total dose rate was less than 10 µSv/y andwas considerably lower than the legal limit.
The radiation dose on the boundary of theradiation-controlled area have also been monitored. The
monitors of gamma-rays and neutrons are placed at thethree points on the boundary. One is in the computer roomof the Nishina building, and the two other are on the roofsof the IRC and BigRIPS in the RIBF accelerator building.
The highest value was observed on the IRC roof as a resultof the beam loss at the transport line between SRC and
BigRIPS. The annual neutron doses at these locations since
1999, which are sufficiently lower than the legal limit, areshown in Fig. 3. The value of the BigRIPS roof was similar
to the background level and is not shown in Fig. 3. The
legal limit of a boundary of a radiation-controlled area is
1.3 mSv/3month, and all the measured doses were low
enough.

Fig. 3. Accumulated leakage radiation at theboundary of the radiation-controlled area.

- 308 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RILAC operation
E. Ikezawa,*1 T. Ohki,*2 M. Kase,*1 T. Nakagawa,*1 N. Sakamoto,*1 H. Okuno,*1 N. Fukunishi,*1
M. Komiyama,*1 A. Uchiyama,*1 T. Maie,*1 M. Nagase,*1 M. Fujimaki,*1 T. Watanabe,*1 H. Hasebe,*1
H. Imao,*1 H. Kuboki,*1 K. Ozeki,*1 K. Suda,*1 Y. Higurashi,*1 K. Yamada,*1 Y. Watanabe,*1 T. Aihara,*2
H. Yamauchi,*2 K. Oyamada,*2 M. Tamura,*2 A. Yusa,*2 K. Kaneko,*2 and O. Kamigaito*1
The RIKEN heavy-ion linac (RILAC) has been operating
steadily throughout the reporting period and has been
supplying various ion beams for different experiments.
Some statistics regarding the RILAC operation fromJanuary 1 to December 31, 2013, are given in Table 1. The
total beam-service time of the RILAC accounted for 75.4%
of its operation time. The two operation modes of the
RILAC, namely, the stand-alone mode and the injectionmode, in which the beam is injected into the RIKEN Ring
Cyclotron (RRC), accounted for 62.2% and 37.8% of thetotal beam-service time of the RILAC, respectively. For the
beam experiment and the machine study of the RI Beam
Factory (RIBF), a 2.648-MeV/nucleon 18O-ion beam and a
2.932-MeV/nucleon 40Ar-ion beam accelerated by the
RILAC was injected into the RRC between April and June
2013. Table 2 lists the beam-service times in the stand-alone
mode of the RILAC allotted to each beam course in the
RILAC target rooms in 2013. The e2 beam course in target
room no. 1 was used in the machine study of a newgas-filled recoil ion separator (GARIS-Ⅱ). The e3 beamcourse in target room no. 1 was used in experiments
involving the heaviest elements and the study of thephysical and chemical properties of these elements using
the GARIS. The e6 beam course in target room no. 2 wasused in the analysis of trace elements. Table 3 lists theoperation time of the 18-GHz ECR ion source(18G-ECRIS) in 2013.
We carried out the following improvements and overhauls
during the reporting period.
1) In the RF systems, the DC high-voltage power
supplies were subjected to annual inspection. In
addition, the major components of mechanical parts
were subjected to simple inspection.
2) Two water pumps of the cooling tower circuits were

overhauled. The other water pumps were subjected tosimple inspection. All cooling towers were subjected tomonthly inspection and annual cleaning.
3) All the turbomolecular pumps were subjected to annual
inspection. Eight cryogenic pumps used for the RILAC
and CSM cavities were overhauled.
We experienced the following mechanical problems during
the reporting period.
1) Water was found to have splashed in the 18G-ECRIS
because of leakage from a cooling water jacket; it tookapproximately twelve days to repair it.
2) A section of the cooling pipe of stem-2 in the FC-RFQ
cavity had a vacuum leak; it took approximately fourdays to repair it.
3) Water was found to have splashed in the RF power
amplifier no. 3 because of leakage from a water joint
outside the plate stub; it took approximately two days torepair it.
4) Water was found to have splashed in the CSM-A3 cavity
because of leakage from a cooling pipe on the outside
wall of the cavity; it took approximately two days torepair it.

Table 1. Statistics on RILAC operation from January 1 to
December 31, 2013.
Operation time of RILAC
Mechanical trouble

2779.4 h42.9 hTable 2. Beam service time of the stand-alone RILAC
allotted to each beam course in target rooms
no. 1 and no. 2 in 2013.
Beam course

Total time (h)

%

e2
e3

110.8
1151.3

8.5
88.3

e6
RRC injection course

33.2
8.6

2.5
0.7

Total

1304.0100.0

Table 3. Operation time of the 18G-ECRIS in 2013.
Ion

Mass

N

15

Charge state3

Total time (h)
72.0

O

18

6

252.1

F

19

6

105.0

Ne

22

6

599.9

Mg

24

7

338.7

Al

27

6

300.8
238.2

Stand-alone RILAC

1304.0 h

Ar

40

11

Injection into RRC

791.3 h

Ca

40

11

61.7

Ca

48

11

599.0

Total beam service time of RILAC

2095.3 h

RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.
＊1

Ni

58

13

215.4

Kr

82

18

144.0

Kr

86

18, 20

162.3

Xe

136

20

12.5

U

238

35

128.0

Total

- 309 -

3229.6

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radiation monitoring in the RIBF using ionization chambers
M. Nakamura,*1 K. Yamada,*1 A. Uchiyama,*1 H. Okuno,*1 and M. Kase*1
In recent years, we attempted to monitor radiation due tobeam loss at several important components in the RIBF by
using
self-madeionizationchambers(ICs)1)-5).
Furthermore, we input an alarm signal from the IC to the
RIBF beam interlock system (BIS)5). The next focus of
this study is the detection of the most suitable alarm level
for acceleration operations. Firstly, we attempted tocalibrate the alarm level by using an IC near theelectrostatic deflection channel (EDC) of SRC3)-5). In SRC
operations, many ions, such as N, O, Ar, Ca, Zn, Xe, and U,
were used. In the present study, we investigated beam-loss
calibration for the N, O, Ca, and U beams. In this report,
we summarize the results and consider the suitable alarmlevels for the BIS.
The experimental conditions of IC measurements havebeen described in the previous papers2),-4). When we
attempted the calibrations, 18O8+, 48Ca20+, and 238U86+ wereaccelerated at 345 MeV/nucleon, and only 14N7+ wasaccelerated at 245 MeV/nucleon. The beam currents ofthese ions were less than about 300 enA. In the calibration
tests, firstly, each ion beam current was attenuated to about
1/40 to 1/2 times the current under usual experimental
conditions by using an attenuator. Subsequently, the EDC
was irradiated by these attenuated ion beams for a fairly
short time such that the EDC was never damaged. We
measured the IC signal at this time. As a result, we could
estimate the signal intensity when the beam loss was about
2.5% to 50%, and we could calibrate the IC signal for
determining alarm levels.
㻝㻠㻻㼡㼠㼜㼡㼠㻌㼛㼒㻌㻵㻯㻌㻔㼂㻕

㻝㻞
㻝㻜
㻤
㻢
㻠
㻞
㻜
㻜

㻡㻜

㻝㻜㻜

㻝㻡㻜

㻞㻜㻜

㻮㼑㼍㼙㻌㼘㼛㼟㼟㻌㼍㼠㻌㻱㻰㻯㻌㻔㼃㻕

Fig. 1. The correlation between beam power loss and IC
intensity.
blue rhombus: 14N7+
pink square: 18O8+
red triangle: 48Ca20+
black circle: 238U86+*1

RIKEN Nishina Center- 310 -The results are shown in Fig. 1. The horizontal axis
shows the beam power lost at the EDC. The vertical axis
shows the output voltage of the IC. The calibration curvesof 14N7+, 18O8+, 48Ca20+, and 238U86+ beams are drawn andcompared with each other in the same figure.
The data of 18O8+ and 48Ca20+ beams showed little
dispersion, and most of the data existed near the calibration
curves. In the case of the 238U86+ beam, we could collect
only three data. However, the dispersion of the data waslow, and a favorable calibration curve could be drawn. In
the case of the 14N7+ beam, we collected only four data at
this stage, and the dispersion of the data was significant.
Hence, the 14N7+ beam should be studied further in the near
future. Furthermore, among the calibration curves of 14N7+,
18 8+ 48
O , Ca20+, and 238U86+ beams, the sharpest slope wasobserved for the calibration curve of the 18O8+ beam. This
result showed that the intensity of radiation caused by the
18 7+
O beam loss is the largest, at least in the present
calibrations. Conversely, the calibration curve of the238 86+
U beam showed the lowest slope, indicating that theintensity of radiation caused by the 238U86+ beam loss is thesmallest among these ion beams.
We investigated the alarm signal for the BIS using these
data. In a previous paper4), we reported that problems with48
Ca20+ ion beam in the EDC of SRC frequently occurred
when the IC output had risen to about 4 V. On comparing
the values in the previous paper with the values in Fig. 1,
problems occurred in the EDC when the 48Ca20+ beam loss
at the EDC increased beyond about 130 W. The exact
value of this threshold is still under investigation.
Furthermore, the thresholds of the beam loss at which
problems begin to occur in the EDC have to be studied foreach ion. However, from these estimations, suitable alarmlevels can be determined and input to the BIS.
At present, in addition to the elements estimated in thispaper, Zn, Ar, and Xe ion beams were accelerated in theexperiments using SRC. We plan to investigate the beamloss and alarm levels for these elements in the near future.
References
1) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 42, 141(2009)
2) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 138(2010)
3) M. Nakamura et al.: Proc 7th Annual Meeting ofParticle Accelerator Society of Japan, WEPS135,
Himeji, Japan.
4) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 44, 293(2011)
5) M. Nakamura et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 45, 228(2012)

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Operations of RIBF ring cyclotrons (RRC, fRC, IRC, and SRC)
R. Koyama,∗2 T. Dantsuka,∗1 M. Fujimaki,∗1 T. Fujinawa,∗1 N. Fukunishi,∗1 S. Fukuzawa,∗2 M. Hamanaka,∗2
H. Hasebe,∗1 Y. Higurashi,∗1 E. Ikezawa,∗1 H. Imao,∗1 S. Ishikawa,∗2 T. Kageyama,∗1 O. Kamigaito,∗1
M. Kase,∗1 M. Kidera,∗1 K. Kobayashi,∗2 M. Komiyama,∗1 Y. Kotaka,∗2 H. Kuboki,∗1 K. Kumagai,∗1
T. Maie,∗1 M. Nagase,∗1 T. Nakagawa,∗1 M. Nakamura,∗1 T. Nakamura,∗2 M. Nishida,∗2 M. Nishimura,∗2
J. Ohnishi,∗1 H. Okuno,∗1 K. Ozeki,∗1 N. Sakamoto,∗1 J. Shibata,∗2 K. Suda,∗1 N. Tsukiori,∗2 A. Uchiyama,∗1
S. Watanabe,∗1 T. Watanabe,∗1 Y. Watanabe,∗1 K. Yadomi,∗2 K. Yamada,∗1 and H. Yamazawa∗1
stream of the RRC and fRC, respectively, in Junefor the ﬁrst time. Owing to the gas strippers
and other continuous eﬀorts, a 345 MeV/nucleon124
Xe beam of 38 particle nA was provided to thebeam users with an availability as high as 91%.
c) Layer short of the RRC main-coil of the westsector magnet was ﬁxed by replacing it with a
new one in August. Its soundness was conﬁrmed
in the MS of 50.5 MeV/nucleon-40 Ca accelerationin September.
d) The improvement of eﬃciency of injection to the
RRC from RILAC2 was conﬁrmed when a sawtooth wave was used for the prebuncher instead ofa usual sine wave in the MS of 11 MeV/nucleon124
Xe acceleration in December. The acceleration
at harmonic numbers h = 12 and h = 18 insteadof the usual h = 9 was also tested for the future
upgrade of the RRC in the same MS. The obtained
data is now under analysis.

The yearly report on the operation of the four RIBF
ring cyclotrons RRC, fRC, IRC, and SRC, including
statistics of beam service time as well as developments
and troubles in the January–December 2013 period, ispresented.
The yearly operation status of the RIBF ring cyclotrons is summarized in Table 1. The medium-energy
beams accelerated by the RRC in the last stage wereused for the experiments and machine studies (MS) for
1166 h in total. Similarly, the high-energy beams accelerated by the SRC in the last stage were used for
1646 h in total. The total operation time of RIBF ring
cyclotrons was 2812 h, of which only 304 h involved
temporary suspension due to the accelerator troubles.
We achieved a high beam availability of 94%. The
beam availability is deﬁned as the ratio of the actual
beam time after deduction of temporary suspension
time to the scheduled beam time.
The notable events in those operations are as follows(itemized ﬁgures correspond to those in Table 1):

For more details of those operations and others, refer
to Ref. 1.

a) The highest-energy beam ever of 400 MeV/nucleon
was successfully extracted from the SRC in the MS
using an 40 Ar beam in May.
b) Two gas strippers using He and air were usedin the double charge-exchanging process down-

References
1) R. Koyama et al.: Proc. of PASJ10, Nagoya, Aichi, August 2013, SAP013, in press.

Table 1. Yearly operation results of the RIBF ring cyclotrons. For notable events a)–d), see text.
Last stage Preaccelerators Particle
EnergyExperimental
Intensity [particle nA]
cyclotron[MeV/nucleon]
courseRequested
Actual
40

RILAC

48

Ca
Ca

58
86

Ni

Kr

238

RRC

RILAC2

124

U

Xe
C

12

AVF

Ar

40
56
87

Fe

Rb

50.5

RRC

63

E6

36

E3A

10.75

E2B

70

135
95

90

E5A

D-roomE6

E5B
E2B/E5B

66

E6

MS

143

SRC

RILAC-RRC-IRC
RILAC2-RRC-fRC-IRC

18

250

Ar

400

O

40

238
124

U

Xe

345

345

SAMURAIBigRIPSBigRIPS/ZDS/EURICA

0.0

100

10.4

102

0.0

100

156.0

156.6

28.5

1

38

12.0

12.7

0.0

10

772

48.0

47.2

0.0

383

312.0

305.8

9.3

26

34.5

34.5

0.0

100

68.9

0.7

142

> 200

87

2

29

MS

1211

10

367

400
1

1

4

1

0.1

144.0
24.0

24.0

52.0

157.5
24.0

24.0

52.0

98

0.0

100

a)

105.3

91

b)

137.5

> 20

38

- 311 -

100

108

137.5

RIKEN Nishina Center
SHI Accelerator Service Ltd.

d)

6.2

16@beam duty2%
13

95

49.0

MS
>5

98

100

1166.1
123.0

120.0

0.0

106

1137.5
108.0

313

0.0

c)

199.0

48.0

231

100

0.0

82

199.0

200

*

∗2

84.0

294

Subtotal of high-energy experiment at new facility:
Total:∗1

84.0

Temporary
Availability Notablesuspension [h][%]*events200

Subtotal of medium-energy experiment at old facility:
AVF-RRC

Beam time [h]Scheduled Actual

100

132.0

33.7

660.0

700.3

109.9

1517.51646.1255.2

922655.02812.2

304.1

94

492.0

553.3

82

89

Availability = (Actual beam time - Suspension)/(Scheduled beam time)x100

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Operation of the superconducting ring cyclotron cryogenic system
H. Okuno,∗1 T. Dantsuka,∗1 Y. Mori,∗2 M. Ohshima,∗2 H. Hazama,∗2 A. Mikami,∗2 H. Miura,∗2 H. Shiba,∗2
H. Shiraki,∗2 Y. Tezuka,∗2 S. Watanabe,∗2 and K. Yamamoto∗2
The SRC (Superconducting Ring Cyclotron) cryogenic system, which consists of three compressors, a He
refrigerator, and four He buffer tanks for cooling the240-MJ superconducting magnets used for the SRC,
has a cooling capacity of approximately 1 kW at 4.5 K
and an inventory of 5000 L of liquid He. The cooling system was operated for approximately six months
in 2013, with a five-month maintenance shutdown insummer (July–December) and a shutdown to conserve
electrical power in January, as shown in Fig. 1. The
trend observed for the main coil current of the SRC
sector magnet is also shown in this figure. During system operation, there was no major hindrance to stopthe He refrigerator and compressor. Because of theextensive He leak during operation in 2012, approximately 200 m3 of He gas had to be refiled once in twomonths.1) The leak was found to occur in the flange
60

8000

Liq. He level
Main coil current

50

7000

Liq. He (%)

5000

30

4000
3000

20

2000
10

Main coil current (A)

6000
40

1000

0
1/1

4/2

7/2

0
12/31

10/1

Date (mm/dd)

Fig. 1. Trend observed in liquid He level in the dewar andmain coil current for the SRC superconducting sector
magnet.

He gasO-ringInsulation ﬂange

Current
Current lead

Fig. 2. Photograph and structural schematic of the current
leads at which the leak occurred.
∗1∗2

RIKEN Nishina Center
Nippon Kucho Service Co., Ltd- 312 -

connection between the power lead and He gas pipes
used for their cooling. The connection mainly consistsof an insulation flange and O-ring as shown in Fig. 2.
The main parts were replaced with new ones. The
replacement was successfully accomplished in the August. Furthermore, the heater system for the power
lead was also upgraded to moderate the heat cycle onparts of the flange connection.
References
1) H. Okuno, et al.,: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep.
278(2013).

46,

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Present status of the BigRIPS cryogenic plant
K. Kusaka,＊1 M. Ohtake,＊1 T. Kubo,＊1 K. Yoshida,＊1 Y. Mori,＊2 M. Ohshima,＊2 K. Yamamoto,＊2 S. Watanabe,＊2
Y. Tezuka,＊2 A. Mikami,＊2 H. Shiba,＊2 H. Hazama,＊2 H. Miura,＊2 M. Noguchi,＊3 and N. Suzuki＊3

RIKEN Nishina Center
Nippon Kucho Service Co., Ltd.
＊3
Mayekawa Mfg. Co., Ltd.
＊1
＊2

Oil Contaminaon [wt. ppm]

160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0

㻜

㻞㻜㻜㻜

㻠㻜㻜㻜

㻢㻜㻜㻜

㻤㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻞㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻠㻜㻜㻜

Operaon Time of Coalescer Filters [h]Fig. 1. Oil contamination at the entrance of the second
coalescer vessel (3SP).
10

Oil Contaminaon [wt. ppm]

Periodic maintenance of the BigRIPS cryogenic plant isessential to ensure long-term continuous operations of
BigRIPS. In addition to periodically calibrating thepressure and temperature sensors installed in the system,
maintaining the oil-removal module in the helium
compressor unit is crucial1). The oil-removal module
comprises an oil vessel with a demister, which is used as abulk oil separator (1SP), three coalescer vessels (2SP, 3SP,
and, 3.5SP), and two adsorbent vessels (4SP and 5SP) that
contain activated charcoal and molecular sieves. The
periodic replacement of coalescer filters and adsorbents
ensure the small oil contamination in helium gas. The
contamination ranges between 0.008 - 0.02 weight ppm(wt. ppm), depending on the quality of the coalescers used.
We replaced all the coalescer filters in three coalescer
vessels during the summer maintenance in 2008, 2010, and2012. Each coalescer vessel contains four coalescer filters,
manufactured by Domnick Hunter3), and the drain oil
separated from the helium gas is sent to the compressor via
a drain line with solenoid valves, depending on the oil levelin the vessel. The expected oil contamination levels at theexit of the coalescer vessels are 15-50 and 0.75-1.25
wt. ppm for 3SP and 3.5SP, respectively. The oil
contamination level can be easily measured with an oilcheck kit2).
Figure 1 shows the contamination measured at theentrance of 3SP as a function of the coalescer filter
operation time. The oil check kit values are shown as
open symbols in Fig. 1. The open triangles, squares, andcircles represent results for the 2008-2009, 2010-2011, and2012 operations, respectively. An estimate from the oil
drain from the 3SP is also shown in Fig. 1. We estimate
the oil contamination level by measuring the operationinterval of the solenoid valve installed in 3SP. The navy
blue, green, and, yellow diamonds represent the estimates
for the 2008-2009, 2010-2011, and 2012 operations,
respectively. The estimates of oil drain increase to 50~75
wt. ppm up to an operation time of 2000 h for the period of
2008-2009 and 2010-2011 and then stays constant.
Corresponding oil check kit results show a similar
increasing tendency. On the other hand, the estimate fromthe oil drain for the period of 2012 shows monotonous
increasing tendency and does not stay constant for any long
period. We shall continue observations in the next
operation. This difference indicates the performanceefficiency of different coalescer filters.

9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0

㻜

㻞㻜㻜㻜

㻠㻜㻜㻜

㻢㻜㻜㻜

㻤㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻜㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻞㻜㻜㻜

㻝㻠㻜㻜㻜

Operaon Time of Coalescer Filters [h]Fig. 2. Oil contamination at the entrance of the third
coalescer vessel (3.5SP).
In Fig. 2, we show a similar analysis of the oil
contamination at the entrance of 3.5SP. Symbols andcolors used in Fig. 2 are same as those in Fig. 1. A gradualincreasing tendency of the oil contamination is seen in all
operation periods. Following the less oil contamination at
the entrance of the 3SP, the results for the period of
2010-2011 are approximately half of that of the other period.
However, the oil contamination estimated from the oil drain
for the period of 2012 unexpectedly increased faster thanother periods. We shall continue observations in the next
operation and investigate the coalescer filters in themaintenance planned in the summer of 2014.
References

1) K. Kusaka et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 41, 244 (2008).
2) K. Kusaka et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 43, 309 (2010).
3) http://www.parker.com/- 313 -

Ⅳ. OPERATION RECORDS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Present status of liquid-helium supply and recovery system
T. Dantsuka,＊1 H. Okuno,＊1 M. Nakamura,＊1 K. Ikegami,＊1 M. Kase,＊1 S. Tsuruma,＊1
M. Ohshima, ＊2 H. Miura,＊2 Y. Tezuka,＊2 H. Hazama＊2 and H. Shiba＊2
The liquid-helium supply and recovery system1), which
can produce liquid helium from pure helium gas at a rate of
200 L/h from pure helium gas, has been stably operated
since the beginning of April 2001. The volumes of liquid
helium supplied each year from 2001 to 2012 are shown in
Fig. 1. The volume gradually increased from 2001 to 2008
but sharply increased in 2010, before decreasing sharply in
2011, and again sharply increasing in 2012.
We extended the recovery line at one place. A new
recovery line was connected to the existing line at the RIBF
Building at B3F.
The purity of helium gas recovered from laboratories
gradually improved once the construction of the system wascompleted. Currently, the impurity concentration in therecovered gas is rarely more than 200 ppm. The volume of

160000Magnetic Materials Laboratory
Low Temperature Physics Laboratory
Advanced Device Laboratory
Condensed Molecular Materials Laboratory
Molecular Characterization Team
Surface and Interface Science Laboratory
Surface Chemistry Laboratory
Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Exploratory Materials Team
Other laboratories

140000Liquid Helium (L)helium gas recovered from each building in the Wako
campus and the volume transported to the liquid-helium
supply and recovery system were measured. The recovery
efficiency, which is defined as the ratio of the amount ofrecovered helium gas to the amount of supplied liquid
helium, was calculated. The recovery efficiency for thebuildings on the south side of the Wako campus, such as the
Cooperation Center building of the Advanced Device
Laboratory, the Chemistry and Material Physics building,and the Nanoscience Joint Laboratory building, increased tomore than 90%. The average recovery efficiency fromJanuary 2008 to July 2013 is shown in Fig. 2. This value
also increased to over 90%.

120000100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006
2007
Fiscal Year

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

Recoveryeﬃciency (%)

Fig.1. Volumes of liquid helium supplied to laboratories for each fiscal year from 2001 to 2012
150
100
50
2008/1

2009/1

2010/1

2011/1

2012/1

2013/1

2014/1

Fig.2. Average recovery efficiency measured from January 2008 to July 2013†

Condensed from the article in Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 1827 (2000)
RIKEN Nishina Center＊2
Nippon Air Conditioning Service K.K＊1

References

1) K. Ikegami et al.: RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 34, 349 (2001).

- 314 -

V. EVENTS

Ⅴ. EVENTSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

The 7th Nishina School
T. Kishida＊1
The Nishina School was held from Aug. 6 to 16. The
School was for the students of Peking University (11 M0
students), Seoul National University (8 undergraduate
students) and the University of Tokyo (4 graduate students).
Although the School was held every year for each
university, this was the first one which was held together forthese three universities.
The first week program consisted of lectures and basic
trainings. The second week program consisted of several
experiments. On the last day of the School, the presentation
session by the students was held.

Fig. 1. Opening Ceremony of the Nishina School.

＊ 1 RIKEN Nishina Center, the Principal of the Nishina School- 315 -

As well as the Nishina School, the Summer School forPhillips Exeter Academy (a high school in the UnitedStates) was held from Jul. 30 to Aug. 16. Two high school
students attended the school. They also joined the firstprogram and the presentation session of the Nishina School.
Thus, the Nishina School became a real international
school where international cultural exchange was madeamong China, Korea, U.S. and Japan. All the students
enjoyed the School fully. Figure 1 shows a photographtaken at the opening ceremony on Aug. 6.

VI. ORGANIZATION AND ACTIVITIESOF RIKEN NISHINA CENTER(Activities and Members)

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

1. Organization
1.1 Organization Chart as of April 1, 2013
Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Takashi Nakatsukasa

Koji Hashimoto

Radiation Laboratory

RIKEN BNL Research Center

Masahiko Iwasaki

Samuel H. Aronson

Larry McLerranTaku Izubuchi

Experimental Group

RBRC Scientiﬁc Review Committee (SRC) Meeting
RIKEN Facility Oﬃce at RAL

Yasuyuki Akiba

Philip KINGRadioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory

RIBF Research Division

Hiroyoshi Sakurai

Spin isospin Laboratory

Tomohiro Uesaka

Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Nishina Center Planning Oﬃce

Theory Group
Computing Group

Nishina Center Advisory Council

RBRC Management Steering Committee(MSC)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division

Hideto En'yo

Advanced Meson Science Laboratory

Advisory Committee for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility

Theoretical Research Division

Emiko Hiyama

Mathematical Physics Laboratory

President RIKEN Ryoji Noyori

Tetsuo Hatsuda

Hideki Ueno

High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory

Toru Tamagawa

Astro-Glaciology Research Unit

Yuko Motizuki

Research Group for Superheavy Element

Kosuke Morita

Superheavy Element Production TeamSuperheavy Element Research Device Development Team

Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science

Hideto En'yo

Theoretical Research
Deputy Director:Tetsuo Hatsuda

RIBF Research

Deputy Director:Hiroyoshi Sakurai

Accelerator Group

Osamu Kamigaito

Deputy Director:
Hiroki OKUNO (Intensity Upgrade),
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI (Stable and Eﬃcient Operation),
Masayuki KASE (Energy-Eﬃciency Management)

RIBF synergetic-use coordinator:Tohru Motobayashi

Accelerator R&D TeamIon Source Team

Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team

Takahide Nakagawa
Eiji Ikezawa
Naruhiko Sakamoto
Nobuhisa Fukunishi

Cryogenic Technology Team

Program Advisory Committee

Instrumentation Development Group

Masanori Wakasugi

SCRIT Team

Safety Review Committee
Research Instruments Group

Toshiyuki Kubo

Masayuki KaseSLOWRI Team
Rare RI-ring Team

Coordination Committee

Machine Time Committee

Hiroki Okuno

Infrastructure Management Team

Scientiﬁc Policy Committee

Michiharu Wada
Masanori Wakasugi
Masanori Wakasugi

BigRIPS TeamSAMURAI Team

Public Relations Committee

Computing and Network Team
Detector Team
Accelerator Applications Research Group

Tomoko Abe

Radiation Biology TeamRI Applications Team

User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group

Hideyuki Sakai

Deputy Director: Hideki UENO(User Support)

Safety Management Group- 317 -

Yoshitomo Uwamino

User Support Oﬃce
Industrial Cooperation Team

Kouji Morimoto
Hiroki Okuno

RILAC Team
Cyclotron Team

Senior Advisor:Walter F. Henning
Senior Advisor:Yasushige Yano

Kosuke Morita

Koichi Yoshida
Hiromi Sato
Takashi Ichihara
Toshiyuki Kubo
Tomoko Abe
Hiromitsu Haba
Ken-ichiro Yoneda
Atsushi YoshidaⅥ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

1.2 Topic in FY2013
Start of Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Start of Research Group for Superheavy Element, taking over Superheavy Element Laboratory,
associated with following two teams
Superheavy Element Production TeamSuperheavy Element Device Development Team
Apr. 1, 2013

Nov. 1, 2013

Personnel Change
Deputy Director of RNC: Hiroyosi SAKURAI
Director of RBRC: Samuel H. ARONSONTeam Leader of User Support Office: Ken-ichiroYONEDATeam Leader of SAMURAI Team: Hiromi SATO
New Appointment
Deputy Group Director of Accelerator Group ( Energy Efficient Management): Masayuki
KASE
Senior Adviser: Walter F. HENNING
New Appointment
Deputy Director of RBRC: Robert PISARSKI

2. Finances
Breakdown expenses of the RNS FY2013 budget and transition for past five years are shown in following figures.
Due to the budgetary limitation caused by the aftermath of Tohoku earthquake and Fukushima nuclear disaster, beam time for the
RIBF users as recommended in NCAC2011 is not able to be provided sufficiently at present. For FY2013, RNC managed to realize 3.5
month operation by receiving additional President’s Discretionary Fund and cancelling accelerator operation in autumn which was replaced
by a consecutive operation from the year-end to the next fiscal year.

0
Accelerator science research

490

476

International collaboration research
RIBF construction

2,510

External Funding

FY2013

Million Yen

Million Yen
5,000
4,500
4,000
3,500
3,000
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
500
0

External Funding
RIBF Construction Subsidy
International Collaboration Research
Accelerator Science Research

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

- 318 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

3. Staffing
Having reached a consensus within RIKEN on the issue of supplementing additional permanent staff to the Accelerator Group, RNC
now have a better outlook for solving personnel shortage problem. RNC eagerly anticipate additional permanent staff to join the
Accelerator Group in the near future, with one new arrival in FY2013, another one to be selected for FY2014. On the other hand, while
there is several permanent staffs that underwent career shift from research to research support, the number is still not enough. To further
promote an increase in permanent research support staff, RNC are recruiting from entire RIKEN for qualified candidates.
Breakdown to six personnel categories in FY2013 and transition for past five years are shown in following figures.

Permanent researcher

79

Contract researcher

65

Technical staff

366

Special Postdoctoral Researcher& Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher

33

Junior Research Associate

25
34

External researcher

1200
1000

External Researcher

800

Junior Research Associate

600

Special Postdoctoral Researcher&Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher
Technical Staff

400

Contract Researcher

2000Permanent researcher
2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

4. Management
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science (RNC) is now composed of, under RNC Director Hideto En'yo,
10 Laboratories,
1 Research unit,
7 Groups with 20 Teams,
2 overseas research center with 3 Groups.
There are also three 'Partner Institutes' which conduct research in the laboratories arranged in RNC.
RNC is managed by its Director through the majority decision in the RNC Coordination Committee. Accelerator Research Promotion
Section which carries out administrative function of RNC under the President of RIKEN is set close to RNC.
In order to support the management of RNC, there are
Scientific Policy Committee,
Program Advisory Committee,
Safety Review Committee,
RIBF Machine Time Committee, andPublic Relations Committee.
There are also committees to support the President of RIKEN or the Director of RNC.
RBRC Management Steering Committee (MSC) and Nishina Center Advisory Council, which has two subcommittees.
RBRC Scientific Review Committee (SRC) andAdvisory Committee for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility.

- 319 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nishina Center for Accelerator-based Science
Executive Members (as of March 31, 2014)
Hideto EN'YO
Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radiation Laboratory
Tetsuo HATSUDA
Deputy Director (Theoretical Research), RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Deputy Director (RIBF Research), RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Tohru MOTOBAYASHIRIBF Synergetic-Use Coordinator
Walter F. HENNING
Senior Advisor
Yasushige YANO
Senior Advisor
Minami IMANISHI
Assistant

RNC Coordination Committee
Following subjects relating to RNC management are deliberated under the chairmanship of RNC Director.
Establishment of the new organization or reorganization in RNC,
Personnel management of RNC researchers,
Research themes and research budget
Approval of the Partner Institutes,
Evaluation as to the management of RNC and the response to recommendations by external evaluation.
RNC Coordination Committee is held monthly.
Members (as of March 31, 2014)
Hideto EN'YO
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Tetsuo HATSUDA
Walter F. HENNING
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI
Yasushige YANO
Masahiko IWASAKI
Tomohiro UESAKA
Hideki UENO
Toru TAMAGAWA
Takashi NAKATSUKASA
Emiko HIYAMA
Koji HASHIMOTO
Kosuke MORITA
Osamu KAMIGAITO
Hideyuki SAKAI
Hiroki OKUNO
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI
Masayuki KASE
Tomoko ABE
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Toshiyuki KUBO
Masanori WAKASUGIEiji IKEZAWA
Takashi ICHIHARA
Naruhiko SAKAMOTO
Hiromi SATO
Takahide NAKAGAWA
Hiromitsu HABA
Koji MORIMOTO
Atsushi YOSHIDA
Koichi YOSHIDA
Ken-ichiro YONEDA
Michiharu WADA
Yasuyuki Akiba
Katsuhiko ISHIDA
Tsukasa TADA
Yuko MOTIZUKI
Akihiko UEDA

Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radiation Laboratory
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Senior Advisor
RIBF synergetic-use coordinator
Senior Advisor
Chief Scientist, Director of Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Director of Spin isospin Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Director of Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory; Deputy Group Director, User Liaison and Industrial
Cooperation Group
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Mathematical Physics Laboratory
Group Director, Research Group for Superheavy Element; Team Leader, Superheavy Element Production TeamGroup Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group; Team Leader, Accelerator R&D Team; Team Leader, Cryogenic
Technology Team
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group; Team Leader, Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group; Team Leader, Infrastructure Management TeamGroup Director, Accelerator Applications Research Group; Team Leader, Radiation Biology TeamGroup Director, Safety Management Group
Group Director, Research Instruments Group; Team Leader, Detector TeamGroup Director, Instrumentation Development Group; Team Leader, Rare RI-ring Team; Team Leader, SCRIT Team
Team Leader, RILAC Team
Team Leader, Computing and Network Team
Team Leader, Cyclotron Team
Team Leader, SAMURAI Team (-Mar. 2014), Team Leader, Detector Team (Apr. 2014-)
Team Leader, Ion Source Team
Team Leader, RI Applications Team
Team Leader, Superheavy Element Device Development Team
Team Leader, Industrial Cooperation Team
Team Leader, BigRIPS Team
Team Leader, User Support OfficeTeam Leader, SLOWRI Team
Vice Chief Scientist, Radiation Laboratory; Group Leader, Experimental Group, RIKEN BNL Research Center
Vice Chief Scientist, Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
Vice Chief Scientist, Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Research Unit Leader, Astro-Glaciology Research Unit
Senior Manager; Director, Head of Accelerator Research Promotion Section- 320 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Accelerator Research Promotion Section
The scope of business of Accelerator Research Promotion Section is Planning and coordination as to research program and research system of RNC,
Planning and management of budget use of RNC, Public relations activity.
Members (as of March 31, 2014)
Akihiko UEDA
Mitsuru KISHIMOTO
Hayato NISHIMURA
Kazunori MABUCHI
Yukari ONISHI
Kumiko SUGITA
Yuko OKADA
Yukiko SATO
Kyoji YAMADA
Yoshio OKUIZUMIMasatoshi MORIYAMA
Rie KUWANA

Senior Manager; Director, Head of Accelerator Research Promotion Section
Manager, Accelerator Research Promotion Section
Deputy Manager (-May 2014)
Deputy Manager
Chief
Special Administrative Employee
Task-Specific Employee
Task-Specific Employee
Special Temporary Employee
Temporary Employee
Consultant for Advisory Committee, Research Review, etc.
Temporary Staff

Scientific Policy Committee
Scientific Policy Committee deliberates on Research measures and policies of RNC, Administration of research facilities under RNC's control.
Committee members are selected among professionals within and without RNC. The Committee is held annually.
Members (as of March 31, 2014)
Hirokazu Tamura
Yujiro IKEDA
Akira UKAWA
Takaharu OTSUKA
Hideo OHNO
Ryosuke KADONOTakashi NAKANO
Hirohiko TSUJII
Tomofumi NAGAE
Hitoshi NAKAGAWA
Yoshiyuki FUJII
Yasuhiko FUJII
Shoji FUTATSUGAWA
Masanori YAMAUCHI
Kazuyoshi YAMADA
Kazuo SHINOZAKI
Ryutaro HIMENO

Chair
Prof., Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
Director, J-PARC Center
Prof., Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba
Director, Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
Research Advisor, Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI)
PI, Muon Science Laboratory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization (KEK)
Director of Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University
Fellow, National Institute of Radiological Sciences (NIRS)
Prof. Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University
Auditor, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences
Project Prof., Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research
Director, Research Center for Neutron and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science andSociety (CROSS-TOKAI)
Executive Director, Japan Radioisotope Association
Director, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Director, Institute of materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)
Director, Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN
Director, Advanced Center for Computing and Communication, RIKEN

The meeting of FY2013 was held on July 11, 2013 at Tokyo Liaison Office of RIKEN.

Program Advisory Committee
Program Advisory Committee reviews experimental proposals submitted by researchers and reports the acceptance or the denial of the adaptation of
proposals to RNC Director. The Committee also reports to RNC Director the available period (days) of RIBF or Muon Facility at RAL allotted toresearchers.
The name and scope of the Committees are follows;(1) Nuclear Physics Experiments at RIBF (NP-PAC): academic research for nuclear physics,(2) Materials and Life Science Researches at RNC (ML-PAC): academic research for material science and life science,(3) Industrial Program Advisory Committee (In-PAC): non-academic research
Program Advisory Committee for Nuclear Physics Experiments at RI Beam Factory (NP-PAC)
Members
Muhsin N. HARAKEH
Chair
Prof. KVI (Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut), University of Groningen, Netherlands
Yanlin YE
Prof. State Key Lab. of Nucl. Phys. and Tech., School of Physics, Peking University, Chaina- 321 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Christoph SCHEIDENBERGERFriedrich-K. THIELEMANN
Rick F. CASTEN
Christopher J. (KIM) LISTER
Hans EMLING
Hironori IWASAKI
Walter D. LOVELAND
Thomas NILSSON
Bradley. M.SHERRILL
Olivier SORLIN
Satoshi N. NAKAMURA
Atsushi TAMII
Yutaka UTSUNO
Masanobu YAHIRO
Takashi NAKATSUKASA

Head, NuSTAR/ENNA Department, GSI, Germany
Prof. Department of Physics, University of Basel, Switzerland
Physics Department, Yale University, USA
Prof. Department of Physics and Applied Physics, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, USA
GSI, Germany
Assistant Professor of Physics, National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University,
USA
Full Prof. Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, USA
Prof. Department of Fundamental Physics, Chalmers Univ. of Technology, Sweden
Chair of BFC (Board of FAIR Collaborations)
FRIB Chief Scientist, Michigan State University, USA
Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), France
Associate Prof. Nuclear Experiment Group, Faculty of Science, Tohoku University
Associate Prof. Experimental Nuclear Physics Division, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka
University
Frontier Research on Heavy Element System, Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
Prof. Fundamental particle physics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory, RNC, RIKEN

Program Advisory Committee for Materials and Life Science Researches at RIKEN Nishina Center (ML-PAC)
Members
Jean-Michel POUTISSOU
Chair
Senior research scientist Emeritus, TRIUMF, Canada
Alex AMATO
Muon Spin Spectroscopy, Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
Douglas E. MACLAUGHLIN(University of California, Riverside, USA)
Sadamichi MAEKAWA(JAEA, JAPAN)
Kenya KUBO
Prof. The College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University
Adrian HILLIER
ISIS, RAL, UK
Philippe MENDELS
Laboratorie de Physique des Solides, Universite Paris-SUD, France
Xu-Guang ZHENG
Saga University
Hiroyuki YAMASE(NIMS, JAPAN)
Ryosuke KADONO
PI, Muon Science Laboratory, Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research
Organization (KEK)
Norimichi KOJIMA
University of Tokyo, JAPAN)
Toshiyuki AZUMA
Chief Scientist, Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN
Atsushi KAWAMOTO(Hokkaido University, JAPAN)
Shigeo YOSHIDA(Yokohama City University, JAPAN)
Industrial Program Advisory Committee (In-PAC) Members (July 1, 2012--March 31, 2014)
Members
Akihiro IWASE
Chair
Prof. Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
Kenya KUBO
Prof. The College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University
Hitoshi NAKAGAWA
Auditor, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences
Nobuhiko NISHIDA
Full time research fellow, Toyota Physical and Chemical Research InstituteToshinori MITSUMOTO
Chief Engineer, Quantum Equipment Division, Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd
Toshiyuki AZUMA
Chief Scientist, Atomic, Molecular & Optical Physics Laboratory, RIKEN

Safety Review Committee
Safety Review Committee is composed of two sub committees, Safety Review Committee for Accelerator Experiments and Hot-Labo Safety Review
Committee. These Committees review the safety of the usage scenario about radiation generating equipment submitted to RNC Director from the
spokesperson of the approved experiment.
Safety Review Committee for Accelerator Experiments
Members
Takashi KISHIDA
Chair, Sakurai Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Kouji MORIMOTO
Superheavy Element Research Device Development Team
Eiji IKEZAWA
RILAC Team
Hiromitsu HABARI Applications Team
Shinichiro MICHIMASA
Assistant Prof., Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Hidetoshi YAMAGUCHI
Lecturer, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Hiroshi WATANABE
Lecturer, KEK
Hiromi SATO
Detector Team- 322 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Atsushi YOSHIDA
Koichi YOSHIDA
Naoki FUKUDA
Naruhiko SAKAMOTO
Hisao SAKAMOTO
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Kanenobu TANAKA

Industrial Cooperation TeamBigRIPS TeamBigRIPS Team
Cyclotron Team
Safety Management Group
Safety Management Group
Safety Management Group

Hot-Labo Safety Review Committee
Members
Masako IZUMIYoshitomo UWAMINO
Hisao SAKAMOTO
Hiroki MUKAI
Kanenobu TANAKA
Hiromitsu HABA

Chair, Radiation Biology Team
Safety Management Group
Safety Management Group
Safety Management Group
Safety Management GroupRI Applications TeamRIBF Machine Time Committee
Upon request of RNC Director, RIBF Machine Time Committee deliberates the operating program of RIBF and returns the results to him.
Members
Hideyuki SAKAI
Tomoko ABE
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI
Osamu KAMIGAITO
Masayuki KASE
Toshiyuki KUBO
Kouji MORIMOTO
Hiroki OKUNO
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Hideki UENO
Tomohiro UESAKA
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Masanori WAKASUGI
Ken-ichiro YONEDA
Susumu SHIMOURA
Hidetoshi YAMAGUCHI
Hiroari MIYATAKE

Chair, User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
Group Director, Accelerator Applications Research Group
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, Accelerator Group
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, Research Instruments GroupTeam Leader, Superheavy Element Research Device Development Team
Deputy Group Director, Accelerator Group
Chief Scientist, Sakurai Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Spin isospin Laboratory
Group Director, Safety Management Group
Group Director, Instrumentation Development GroupTeam Leader, User Support Office
Professor, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Lecturer, Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo
Professor, KEK

Public Relations Committee
Upon request of RNC Director, Public Relations Committee deliberates and coordinates following matters.
(1) Construction of the public relation system of the overall RNC,
(2) Prioritization of the public relation activities of the overall RNC,
(3) Other basic matters and important matters concerning the public relations of the overall RNC.
Members
Akihiko UEDA
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI
Tetsuo HATSUDA
Tohru MOTOBAYASHI
Walter F. HENNING
Yasushige YANO
Masahiko IWASAKI
Tomohiro UESAKA
Hideki UENO
Toru TAMAGAWA
Takashi NAKATSUKASA
Emiko HIYAMA
Koji HASHIMOTO
Kosuke MORITA

Chair,
Senior Manager; Director, Head of Accelerator Research Promotion Section (-Mar. 2014)
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Deputy Director, RNC; Chief Scientist, Director of Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
RIBF synergetic-use coordinator
Senior Advisor
Senior Advisor
Chief Scientist, Director of Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Director of Spin isospin Laboratory
Chief Scientist, Director of Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory; Deputy Group Direcotr, User Liaison andIndustrial Cooperation Group
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Associate Chief Scientist, Director of Mathematical Physics Laboratory
Group Director, Research Group for Superheavy Element; Team Leader, Superheavy Element ProductionTeam- 323 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Osamu KAMIGAITO
Hideyuki SAKAIGroup Director, Accelerator Group
Group Director, User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group

RBRC Management Steering Committee (MSC)
RBRC MSC is set up according to Memorandum of Understanding Between RIKEN and BNL concerning the collaboration on the Spin Physics
Program at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC).
Members
Maki KAWAI
Shoji NAGAMIYA
Hideto EN'YO
Peter BOND
David LISSAUER
Satoshi OZAKI

Executive Director, RIKEN
Science Advisor, RIKEN
Director, RNC
Senior Advisor, BNL
Deputy Chair, Physics Department, BNL
Senior Advisor, BNL

Nishina Center Advisory Council
The charge to NCAC is set by the Terms of Reference presented by the Director of the RIKEN and the RNC Director on the fundamental issues about
research activities and research administration. NCAC submits its report to the President of RIKEN, and to the Director of Nishina Center if necessary. The
members of NCAC are recommended by the Director of Nishina Center to the President of RIKEN from among highly knowledgeable individuals andexperts worldwide. NCAC has two sub-councils for the RBRC and the RAL Muon Facility respectively.
Members
Robert TRIBBLE
Juha ÄYSTÖAngela BRACCO
Ken'ichi IMAI
Marek LEWITOWICZ
Lia MERMINGA
Witold NAZAREWICZ
Susumu SHIMOURA
Matthias SCHÄDEL
GuoQing XIAO
Akira YAMAMOTO
Wolfram WEISE
Masaki FUKUSHIMA
Jun SUGIYAMA
Richard MILNER
Hirokazu TAMURA
Muhsin N. HARAKEH
Jean-Michel POUTISSOU
Andrew TAYLOR

Chair
Deputy Director for Science and Technology, BNL, USA
Director of Helsinki Institute of Physics, Finland
Prof., Department of Physics, the University of Milan, Italy
Prof., Emeritus (Kyoto Univ.), Group Leader, Research Group for Hadron Physics, Advanced Science ResearchCenter, JAEA
Deputy Director, Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds, France
Head, Accelerator Division, TRIUMF, Canada
Prof., Department of Physics and Astronomy, the University of Tennessee, USA
Prof., Center for Nuclear Study (CNS), University of Tokyo
Group Leader, Research Group for Superheavy Elements, Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA. (Visiting
Scientist, GSI, Germany)
Director, Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaina
Head, Linear Collider Project Office, Department of Advanced Accelerator Technologies, KEK
Director, European Center for Theoretical studies in Nuclear Physic and Related Areas, Italy
Prof., Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, University of Tokyo
Principal Research Scientist, Toyota Central R&D Labs., INC
Prof., Director, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, MIT, USA
Prof., Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University
Prof., Emeritus, KVI (Kernfysisch Versneller Instituut), University of Groningen, Netherlands
Senior research scientist Emeritus, TRIUMF, Canada
Executive Director, STFC National Laboratories, UK

RBRC Scientific Review Committee (SRC)
Members
Richard MILNER
Shinya AOKI
Ken'ich IMAI
Tetsuo MATSUI
Alfred MUELLER
Peter Braun-MUNZINGERCharles PRESCOTT
Akira UKAWA

Chair
Prof., Director, Laboratory for Nuclear Science, MIT, USA
Prof. Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University
Group Leader, Research Group for Hadron Physics, Advanced Science Research Center, JAEA
Prof. emeritus, Kyoto University
Prof. Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, Komaba, University of Tokyo
Prof. Department of Physics, Columbia University, USA
Prof. Dr. GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Germany
Prof. Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, USA
Prof. Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba- 324 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Advisory Committee for the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility
Members
Andrew TAYLOR
Jean-Michel POUTISSOU
Klaus P. JUNGMANN
Roberto De RENZI
Yasuyuki MATSUDA
Jun SUGIYAMA

Chair
Executive Director, STFC National Laboratories, UK
Senior research scientist Emeritus, TRIUMF, Canada
Prof. University of Groningen, Netherlands
Prof. Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Parma, Italy
Asso. Prof. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, the University of Tokyo
Principal Research Scientist, Toyota Central R&D Labs., INC

5. International Collaboration
Country

Partner InstituteObjects

RNC contact person

Belgium

Katholieke Universiteit te Leuven

Framework

Michiharu Wada, Team Leader, SLOWRI
Team

Bulgaria

the Institute for Nuclear Research andNuclear Energy (INRNE)

Framework

Hedeki Ueno, Chief Scientist, Nuclear
Spectroscopy Laboratory

CanadaTRIUMF

Accelerator-based Science

China

China Nuclear Physics Society

The creation of the council for China-Japan research collabortion on nuclear
physics

Peking University

Nuclear Science

Peking University

Strategic cooperation (Nishina School)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

International Joint Graduate School
Program

ZHEJIANG University

International Joint Graduate School
ProgramInstitute of Modern Physics

Physics of heavy ions

School of Nuclear Science andTechnology, Lanzhou University

Framework

School of Physics, Nanjing University

Framework

European Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy Pool
Owners Committee

The use of Euroball ditector at RIKEN

European Center for Theoretical Studies in
Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*)

Theoretical physics

CERN

RD-51:R&D programme for micro-patterngas detectors (MPGD)

Satoshi Yokkaichi, Senior Research
Scientist, Radiation Laboratory

Basic nuclear physics and related
instrumentation
The creation of an associated international
laboratory (LIA)
The preparation and realization for the
MUST2 campaign of experiments at
RIKEN

Michiharu Wada, Team Leader, SLOWRI
Team
Tohru Motobayashi, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory

EU

Finland

University of Jyvaskyla

FranceGANIL
DSM/IRFU, GANIL, IN2P3/IPNO- 325 -

Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Takashi Nakatsukasa, Associate chief
scientist, Theoretical Nuclear Physics
Laboratory
Isao Watanabe, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Yue MA, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratory
Emiko Hiyama, Associate chief scientist,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Shunji Nishimura, Radioactive Isotope
Physics Laboratory
Tetsuo Hatsuda, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Quantum Hadron Physics
Laboratory

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Country
FranceGermany

Hungary
Italy

Indonesia

Partner InstitutePhysics of heavy ionsTohru Motobayashi, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

SIMEM Graduate School, Department of
Physics,Caen University

Framework

Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

CEA-DSMThe use of MINOS device at RIKENTomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Technische Universität München

Nuclear physucs, hadron physics, nuclear
astrophysics

Emiko Hiyama, Associate chief scientist,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory

Max-Planck Gesellschaft

Comprehensive agreement

GSI

Physics of heavey ions and accelerator

the Institute of Nuclear Reseach of the
Hungarian Academy of Sciences(ATOMKI)
Natinal Institute of Nuclear Physics(INFN)
Applied Physics Division, National
Institute for New Technologies, Energy
and Environment (ENEA)
ITB, UNPAD, ITS, UGM

ITB

Physics of heavy ionsTohru Motobayashi, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

Research program with the Radiation
Laboratory

Tohru Motobayashi, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator

Material science using muons at the
RIKEN-RAL muon facility

Isao Watanabe, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy

International Joint Graduate School
ProgramInternational Joint Graduate School
ProgramIsao Watanabe, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy
Isao Watanabe, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory

International Joint Graduate School
Program

Itaru Nakagawa, Radiation Laboratory

Rare ion accelerator and related fields

Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Shunji NishimuraInternational Joint Graduate School
ProgramTomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory
Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Department of Physics, Korea University

RussiaTomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Seoul National University

Department of Physics, Yonsei University

Romania

Nuclear physics, Atomic Physics

Nishina School

College of Science, Yonsei University

PolandHiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory

Seoul National University

Institute of Basic Science, Rare Isotope
Science ProjectCollege of Natural Sciences of Kyungpook
National University
Department of Physics, Kyungpook
National University

Malaysia

RNC contact person

Natioanl Institute of Nuclear Physics andParticle Physics ( IN2P3)

UNPAD

Korea

Objects

Universiti Sains Malaysia
the Henryk Niewodniczanski Institute of
Nuclear Physics, Polish Academy of
Sciences(IFJ PAN)
“Horia Hulubei” National Institute ofPhysics and Nuclear Engineering
Bucharest-Magurele, Romania

Framework
Spin physics and High energy heavy ion
physics
International Joint Graduate School
ProgramHigh energy physics, heavy ion physics
Muon Science
Nuclear physics and related subjects

Yasuyuki Akiba, Radiation Laboratory
Yasuyuki Akiba, Radiation Laboratory
Yuji Goto, Radiation Laboratory
Isao Watanabe, Advanced Meson Science
Laboratoy
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory

Nuclear physics and related subjects

Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR)

Framework of scientific and technicalcooperarion

Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory

Russion Research Center “Kurchatov
Institute”

Nuclear physics, Atomic Physics

Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Tomohiro Uesaka,
Osamu Kamigaito, Masanori Wakasugi- 326 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESCountry

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Partner InstituteObjects

RNC contact person

Switzerland

Paul Scherrer InstituteImprove the performance and reliability ofaccelerator systems

Osamu Kamigaito, Group Director, Chief
Scientist, Accelerator GroupUK

The Science and Technology Facilities
CouncilMuon science using the ISIS Facility at the
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory

Director of RIKEN-RAL muon facility

University of Liverpool

International Joint Graduate School
ProgramHiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory

BNL

The Spin Physics Program at theRelativistic Heavy Ion Collider(RHIC)

Director of RNC

Columbia University

The development of QCDCQ

USA

Comprehensive
Michigan State University
TPC(Time Projection Chamber)

VietnamVietnam Atomic Evergy Commission

Nuclear Science

Institute for Nuclear Sciences andTechnique

Nuclear Physics

Hanoi University of Science

International Joint Graduate School
ProgramInstitute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of
Science and Technology

Academic exhange- 327 -

Taku Izubuchi, Group Leader, Computing
Group, RBRC
Tomohiro Uesaka, Chief Scientist, Spin
Isospin Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory & Tadaaki ISOBE, Radioactive
Isotope Physics Laboratory
Tohru Motobayashi, RIBF synergetic-use
coordinator
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory
Hiroyoshi Sakurai, Deputy Director, Chief
Scientist, Radioactive Isotope Physics
Laboratory

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Theoretical Research Division
Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
1. Abstract

Atomic nuclei are made of protons and neutrons bound by the exchange of Yukawa's pion and other mesons. Also, protons andneutrons are made of quarks bound by the exchange of gluons. These strong interactions are governed by the non-Abelian gauge theory
called the quantum chromodynamics (QCD). On the basis of theoretical and numerical analyses of QCD, we study the interactions between
the nucleons, properties of the dense quark matter realized at the center of neutron stars, and properties of the hot quark-gluon plasma
realized in the early Universe. Strong correlations common in QCD and cold atoms are also studied theoretically to unravel the universal
features of the strongly interacting many-body systems. Developing perturbative and non-perturbative techniques in quantum field theory
and string theory are of great importance not only to solve gauge theories such as QED and QCD, but also to find the theories beyond thestandard model of elementary particles. Various theoretical approaches along this line have been attempted.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Nucleon structure and nuclear force from QCD
Theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking
QCD under extreme conditions
Non-perturbative study of supersymmetric quantum field theories and string theories
QED calculation of the lepton anomalous magnetic moments
Physics of particles with resonant interactions

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Nucleon structure and nuclear force from QCD(1-1) Nucleon structure from lattice QCD
The structure of nucleon is a crucial quantity to understand the low energy behaviors of QCD, and to detect the possible sign ofphysics beyond the standard model. In particular, the precise values of scalar matrix elements are required for the dark matter searchexperiments, and we performed the lattice QCD calculation for strangeness and charmness scalar matrix elements using chiral fermions.
The so-called "spin crisis" is one of the most challenging issues in nucleon structure. Its lattice QCD study is also challenging since thecomputation of the disconnected insertions and glue matrix elements are required. We developed a novel method to calculate thesecomponents and performed the first complete lattice calculation for the nucleon spin.
(1-2) Lattice nuclear force
While the nuclear force serves as the cornerstone in nuclear physics, theoretical understanding of them from the underlying theory,
QCD, has not been established yet. Our HAL QCD Collaboration has been developing the lattice QCD method to determine the nuclear
forces. The method has been successfully applied to various hadron-hadron interactions including the hyperon forces. The physical originof the repulsive core was revealed as the quark Pauli blocking effect. The equation of state based on lattice nuclear forces was studied andthe saturation of nuclear matter was observed for the first time. Of particular interest is the determination of the three-nucleon forces fromlattice QCD. Facing the challenge of the enormous computational cost for this study, we developed a novel algorithm which reduces thecost by a factor of 192. The lattice QCD results indicate that repulsive three-nucleon forces exist at short distance.
(2) Theory of spontaneous symmetry breaking
The general counting rule for Nambu-Goldstone (NG) modes is derived using Mori's projection operator method in non-Lorentz
invariant systems at zero and finite temperatures. We classified NG modes into two types: One is the same type (Type-I or A) as that inrelativistic systems. The other is type-II or B NG mode that is characterized by the expectation value of [Qa, Qb], where Qa and Qb are
broken charges. The motion of the type-II NG mode is precessional, while that of type-I NG mode is harmonic. The total number ofNambu-Goldstone modes is equal to the number of broken charges minus half the rank of the expectation value of [Qa, Qb].
(3) QCD under extreme conditions(3-1) QCD under strong magnetic field
We discussed the fate of chiral symmetry in an extremely strong magnetic field B, taking into account not only quark fluctuations but
also neutral meson effects. The former would enhance the chiral-symmetry breaking at finite B according to the Magnetic Catalysis, while
the latter would suppress the chiral condensate once B exceeds the scale of the hadron structure. Using a chiral model we demonstrate how
neutral mesons are subject to the dimensional reduction and the low dimensionality favors the chiral-symmetric phase. We pointed out that
this effect, the Magnetic Inhibition, can be a feasible explanation for recent lattice QCD data indicating the decreasing behavior of thechiral-restoration temperature with increasing B. We also discussed the behavior of vector-meson mass and the possibility of its
condensation in a strong magnetic field. Several hadronic models show that the mass of the charged vector meson degreases as themagnetic field increases, and at some critical magnetic field, the charged vector meson condenses. We, however, showed, by using the
Vafa-Witten theorem, that the vector meson condensation does not happen in QCD. We also performed the numerical analysis for themeson mass and condensation in lattice QCD. The lattice QCD data confirmed no charged vector meson condensation in a magnetic field.
(3-2) Relativistic hydrodynamics
We studied relativistic hydrodynamics in the linear regime, based on Mori's projection operator method. In relativistic hydrodynamics,
it is considered that an ambiguity about the fluid velocity occurs from a choice of a local rest frame: the Landau and Eckart frames. We
derived hydrodynamic equations in the both frames by the projection operator method. We found that the difference of the frames was not
the choice of the local rest frame, but rather that of dynamic variables in the linear regime.

- 328 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(4) Non-perturbative study of supersymmetric quantum field theories and string theories(4-1) Lattice formulation of the N=2 supersymmetric Landau-Ginzburg model and numerical simulation
Noting the fact that a simple momentum cutoff applied to an off-shell supersymmetric multiplet does not break supersymmetry(SUSY), we constructed a lattice formulation of the two-dimensional N=2 supersymmetric Wess-Zumino (WZ) model that preserves
manifest SUSY. Although the locality is broken with this lattice formulation, one can argue that the locality is restored in the continuum
limit because of the preserved SUSY. Using this formulation, we further carried out a numerical simulation of a massless WZ model with a
cubic superpotential, which is believed to become an N=2 superconformal field theory in the infrared limit. We measured a scaling
dimension and the central charge in the infrared limit and obtained values consistent with the theoretical conjecture.
(4-2) Theoretical basis for a lattice formulation of the four-dimensional N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills (SYM) theory
Since there is no lattice formulation of the four-dimensional N=1 SYM theory that can preserve manifest SUSY, it is important tounderstand how SUSY is restored in the continuum limit. In a precise theoretical treatment, this issue should be addressed in terms of theWard-Takahashi (WT) relation associated with SUSY. We pointed out there was a flaw in past treatments of the WT relation and provided aproper analysis of the WT relation by using a generalized BRS transformation that treats the chiral symmetry, SUSY and the translational
invariance in a unified way. Since the lattice regularization breaks the infinitesimal translation, it is not straightforward to construct the
EMT, a Noether correct associated with the translational invariance. We pointed out that in lattice formulations of the four-dimensional N=1
SYM theory, there is a natural method to define an EMT in view of the Ferrara-Zumino supermultiplet, a supermultiplet that contains thesupercurrent and the EMT. In the continuum limit, because of the restored SUSY, the EMT also restores the conservation law.
(4-3) Lattice EMT using the Yang Mills gradient flow
Although the EMT is a fundamentally important object in quantum field theory, its construction in lattice field theory is notstraightforward because there the translational invariance is explicitly broken. The difficultly of the problem comes from the fact that acomposite operator generally contains the ultraviolet (UV) divergence and its definition inevitably depends on the UV regularization
adopted. Here, noticing the UV finiteness of composite operators defined through the so-called Yang-Mills gradient flow, we construct a
formula for the EMT in the lattice formulation of the pure Yang-Mills theory. The formula reproduces a correctly-normalized conserved
EMT in the continuum limit.
(4-4) Matrix model for a type-IIA superstring and the non-perturbative SUSY breaking
We studied analytically and numerically a matrix model that is supposed to provide a non-perturbative definition of a type IIA
superstring in a two-dimensional spacetime. We found that the spacetime SUSY in the system, although it does not contain the translations,is spontaneously broken as a result of a non-perturbative dynamics. This is the first example in which one can concretely address a
non-perturbative spontaneous breaking of the spacetime SUSY in superstring theory.
(4-5) Novel quantum effects on non-perturbative dynamics of string theory
While perturbative aspects of string theories are well understood by the worldsheet calculations applying powerful techniques ofconformal field theories, non-perturbative dynamics are difficult to comprehend. An exception would be the non-critical string in less-than
one-dimension, which can be formulated non-perturbatively with matrix models. Therefore, studies of matrix models are potentially
important to the understanding non-perturbative dynamics of string theory, in this regard. To represent the dynamics of non-critical string,
the potential of the corresponding matrix model is tuned so that it exhibits the second-order critical point. Thus, the matrix model which
composes discretized strings becomes continuous smooth string theory. It is found, however, with a certain type of the potential, a matrix
model can manifest the first order transition. This phenomenon is due to the quantum effect known as the resonant tunneling. This effecthas not been considered in the studies of matrix models so far. Incorporating these kinds of quantum effects into the study of matrix models
may reveal novel dynamics of string theory.
(4-6) Investigations of string duality through worldsheet dynamics
String duality is a powerful concept that has been leading us to better understandings of the non-perturbative aspects of string theory.
One type of duality is particularly of interest, namely open-closed duality. Open string corresponds to gauge theories while closed one
shows gravity. Thus, open-closed duality suggests relation between gauge theories and the theory of gravity. This relation could be behind
another duality, AdS/CFT correspondence. The difference between open string and closed string is, from the view point of the world sheetof string theory, nothing but the difference of the boundary condition of the worldsheet field theory. Since the difference is predeterminedby the boundary condition, investigating directly the relation between open and closed string is a difficult task. Recently, it is found thatcertain quantum systems exhibit the change from the closed-boundary vacuums to open-boundary ones through the spatial modulation of
the couplings. This procedure is called Sine-Square Deformation (SSD). Since open string may become closed one through SSD, it isinteresting to investigate SSD in the context of string theory. We found a divergence in the worldsheet metric and also degenerated vacua
other than the ordinary sl(2,C) invariant vacuum.
(5) QED higher-order calculation of lepton anomalous magnetic moments
The electron and muon anomalous magnetic moments (g-2) were precisely measured at Harvard and at Brookheaven, respectively.
Comparing the measurements to the theoretical predictions of g-2, we are able to test the standard model of elementary particles in rigorous
ways and find a possible window to new physics. To carry out such tests the tenth-order contribution of the perturbation theory of Quantum
Electrodynamics (QED), which consists of 12,671 Feynman diagrams, must be known. About ten years ago we started the project
calculating all QED contributions of the tenth order by numerical means. With help of the code-generator developed by ourselves, we madeall computer programs necessary to determine the tenth-order g-2. In 2012 we have finally obtained the preliminary values of thetenth-order g-2 for both electron and muon and announced them publicly. Improvement of numerical evaluation has also been attempted tomeet the precision proposed by the on-going new experiments of both electron and muon g-2’s.
(6) Physics of particles with resonant interactions(6-1) Universal physics of particles with resonant interactions
We investigated the universal physics that arises in presence of resonant interactions, in particular the Efimov effect for three particles- 329 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

which can bind them into a trimer. Efimov trimers are characterised by a parameter called the three-body parameter. Performing
calculations using realistic helium-4 atomic interactions, we have shown that helium-4 atoms follows the van der Waals universality of theEfimov three-body parameter previously observed in ultracold atom experiments. This universality has then been explained by theuniversality of the atomic pair correlation, using pair models and separable potentials. It has been generalized to other short-range
interactions, such as interactions in nuclear physics and condensed matter, making predictions for the trimer energies in these systems. It
was also investigated the case of mass-imbalanced three-body systems where one particle is significantly lighter than the other two.
Depending on the mass ratio and scattering length, the three-body system can form universal trimers determined solely by the scattering
length, or Efimov trimers determined by the three-body parameter. Using numerical calculations, we have mapped out the crossover
between these two limits.
(6-2) Coherent photoassociation of a Bose-Einstein condensate
Photoassociation is the process of binding a pair of atoms by shining light onto it. It usually results in incoherent losses, but someyears ago we predicted the conditions for the observation of coherent oscillations when a Bose-Einstein condensate of atoms is
photoassociated. This prediction has been successfully observed by experimentalists at Rice University with whom we have collaborated toanalyze the experimental data.
Head
Tetsuo HATSUDA (Chief Scientist)
Members
Tsukasa TADA (Vice Chief Scientist) (Apr. 1, 2013 - )Hiroshi SUZUKI (Senior Research Scientist) ( - Aug. 31, 2013 )Takumi DOI (Research Scientist)
Yoshimasa HIDAKA (Research Scientist)
Pascal Raphaël Gabriel NAIDON (Research Scientist)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Makiko NIO
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Daisuke KADOH ( - Mar. 31, 2013 )Arata YAMAMOTO ( - Mar. 31, 2014 )Kanabu NAWA
Yuji SAKAI
Akihiko MONNAI ( Apr. 1, 2013 – Jul., 2013 )Kazuhiko KAMIKADO ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Takashi SANO ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers
Michael Gordon ENDRES ( - Sep. 14, 2013 )Gergely Peter FEJOES
Postdoctoral Researchers
Yoichi IKEDA
Taichi KAWANAI ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Shinsuke YOSHIDA ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Daisuke SATO ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Koich HATTORI ( Feb. 1, 2014 - )Visiting Scientists
Motoi TACHINBANA (Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University)
Toichiro KINOSHITA (Physics Department, Cornell University)
Sinya AOKI (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)
Taichi KAWANAI (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Masahito UEDA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Tatsuyuki TAKATSUKA (Faculty of Humanities and Social Science, Iwate University)
Hong MAO (Hangzhou Normal University, China)
Sho OZAKI (Yonsei University, Korea)
Takashi OKA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Shoichi SASAKI (Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University)
Keitaro NAGATA (IPNS, KEK)
Takashi INOUE (College of Bioresource Science, Nihon University)
Yoshitaka HATTA (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)
Teiji KUNIHIRO (Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)
Kenji MORITA (Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University)
Kazuyuki KANAYA (Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science University of Tsukuba)- 330 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Makoto TAKIZAWA (Showa Pharmaceutical University)
Sachiko TAKEUCHI (Faculty of Social Welfare, Japan College of Social Work)
Yuji HIRONO (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Hiroshi TOKI (RCNP, Osaka University) Apr. 1, 2013 Masashi HAYAKAWA (Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University)
Kenji SASAKI (Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba)
Takayuki MATSUKI (Department of Environmental Science and Education, Tokyo Kasei University)
Daisuke KADOH (IPNS, KEK) - Apr. 30, 2013
Hiroshi SUZUKI (Faculty of Sciences, Kyushu University) Sep. 1, 2013 Visiting Researcher
Takashi SANO (Japan Society for the Promotion of Science)
Research Consultant
Hiroshi TOKI (RCNP, Osaka University)- Mar. 31, 2013

- Mar. 31, 2013

Junior Research Associate
Masaru HONGO (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo) Apr. 1, 2013 Short-term Program for International Program Associate
Robert Friedrich LANG (Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich)Oct. 7, 2013 – Feb. 12, 2014

Student Trainees
Bruno CHARRON (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Akihiko MONNAI (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yasufumi ARAKI (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Yusuke HAMA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Tomoya HAYATA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Yasuki TACHIBANA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Koichi MURASE (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Kota MASUDA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Masaru HONGO (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yuya TANIZAKI (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Ryuichi KURITA (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Sho KAMATA (Graduate School of Science, Rikkyo University)
Masanori YAMADA (Graduate School of Pure and Applied Science, University of Tsukuba)
Koichiro HIRANUMA (Graduate School of Science & Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Simpei ENDO (Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo)
Assistants
Yoko FUJITA
Yuri TSUBURAI- 331 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Theoretical Research Division
Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
1. Abstract

Nuclei are finite many-particle systems composed of protons and neutrons. They are self-bound in femto-scale (10-15m) by the strong
interaction (nuclear force) whose study was pioneered by Hideki Yukawa. Uncommon properties of the nuclear force (repulsive core,spin-isospin dependence, tensor force, etc.) prevent complete microscopic studies of nuclear structure. There exist number of unsolved
problems even at present. In addition, radioactive beam facilities reveal novel aspects of unstable nuclei. We are tackling these old
problems and new issues in theoretical nuclear physics, developing new models and pursuing large-scale calculations of quantum
many-body systems. We are also strongly involved in research on other quantum many-body systems, to resolve mysteries in the quantum
physics.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Nuclear structure and quantum reaction theories
First-principle calculations with the density functional theory for many Fermion systems
Computational nuclear physics

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Energy-density-functional calculation including proton-neutron mixing
We have performed mean-field calculation based on the Skryme energy density functional (EDF) including arbitrary mixing between
protons and neutrons. Isobaric analogue states (IASs) were calculated using the isocraking method. Through the calculations for IASs in
A=14 and 40-56 isobars, we demonstrated that our model is capable of qualitative description of the excited IASs. The T=1 IAS in the A=14
exhibits asymmetry between the relative energy of the Tz=1 state and that of the Tz=-1 states measured from the Tz=0 state, which may berelated to charge asymmetry and independence of the NN interaction. To investigate this point, we also started a systematic calculation of
the T = 1 triplets in the A=10-58 region. We also performed a benchmark calculation by comparing the results obtained with our 3D EDF
solver and those obtained with an axial EDF solver.
(2) Finite amplitude method in covariant density functional theory
The 22C nucleus is currently of significant interest, since its halo structure with extremely weak binding was suggested by experiments.
We have performed the Glauber analysis on this nucleus based on the density distribution calculated with the Skyrme energy density
functional. To reproduce the large experimental cross section, we need to readjust the t0 parameter of the Skyrme functional. It is desirable
to have new experimental data on the reaction cross section with higher bombarding energy which should be available in current RIBF. In
addition, we calculated the electric dipole modes of excitation with the RPA using the finite amplitude method (FAM). The computer code
was previously developed, however, we need a very large space to treat such a weakly bound nucleus. The calculation with the 3D
coordinate space of radius of 100 fm has been carried out, thanks to available high performance computing systems. It suggests that a verystrong low-energy peak does not consist only of weakly bound s-wave neutrons, but also of sizable amount of d-wave components.
(3) Reaction cross section and electric dipole excitations in 22C
The 22C nucleus is currently of significant interest, since its halo structure with extremely weak binding was suggested by experiments.
We have performed the Glauber analysis on this nucleus based on the density distribution calculated with the Skyrme energy density
functional. To reproduce the large experimental cross section, we need to readjust the t0 parameter of the Skyrme functional. It is desirable
to have new experimental data on the reaction cross section with higher bombarding energy which should be available in current RIBF. In
addition, we calculated the electric dipole modes of excitation with the RPA using the finite amplitude method (FAM). The computer code
was previously developed, however, we need a very large space to treat such a weakly bound nucleus. The calculation with the 3D
coordinate space of radius of 100 fm has been carried out, thanks to available high performance computing systems. It suggests that a verystrong low-energy peak does not consist only of weakly bound s-wave neutrons, but also of sizable amount of d-wave components.
(4) Systematic study on pygmy dipole strength in heavy isotopes
We have systematically studied the low-lying electric dipole mode, so-called the pygmy dipole resonances (PDR) in neutron-richisotopes in a region of nuclei with N<90, using the linear response calculation with the Skyrme energy density functional. The strong
neutron shell effects have been found, which suggest several magic numbers for the enhancement of the PDR strength. We also investigate
the deformation effect on the PDR. The K=0 component of E1 strength become dominant in Sr and Zr isotopes with prolate deformation.
However, it is not associated with the orientation dependence of the neutron skin thickness. In fact, it is opposite, namely, the neutron skin
thickness along the symmetry axis si smaller than that in the perpendicular directions. The close examination of the PDR strength in nuclei
beyond N=82 indicates different characters for the peaks at E > 5 MeV and those at E < 5 MeV. The low-energy dipole states appearing atvery low energies (E < 5 MeV) indicates no hindrance of the E1 strength from the pure single-particle strength. This suggests that these
PDR peaks are completely decoupled from the giant dipole resonance (GDR).
(5) Deformed nuclei in the black-sphere approximation
In order to study the value of the density derivative L of the symmetry energy of nearly symmetric nuclear matter, the total reaction
cross section, σR, of neutron-rich nuclei is one of the most important observables. We focus on the reactions involving the isotopes of Ne
and Mg using the black-sphere approximation of nuclei. In this region of nuclei, we have to face the nuclear deformation. We change theblack sphere into a spheroid of the same volume in order to take into account nuclear deformation before the discussion of L dependence.
The values of the deformation parameter, β, are taken from microscopic nuclear structure models. Before drawing conclusion, we have tocheck the interaction dependence by adopting SkM*, SLy4, KTUY etc. The study is now in progress.

- 332 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(6) Giant dipole resonance in 88Mo at finite temperature and angular momentum
The line shapes of giant dipole resonance (GDR) in the decay of the compound nucleus 88Mo, which is formed after thefusion-evaporation reaction 48Ti + 40Ca at various excitation energies E* from 58 to 308 MeV, are generated by averaging the GDR
strength functions predicted within the phonon damping model (PDM) using the empirical probabilities for temperature and angularmomentum. The average strength functions are compared with the PDM strength functions calculated at the mean temperature and mean
angular momentum, which are obtained by averaging the values of temperature and angular momentum using the same temperature andangular-momentum probability distributions, respectively. It is seen that these two ways of generating the GDR linear line shape yield very
similar results. It is also shown that the GDR width approaches a saturation at angular momentum J ≥ 50ħ at T= 4 MeV and at J ≥ 70ħ at
any T.
The evolution of the GDR width and shape at finite temperature T and angular momentum J is described within the the PDM. The
PDM description is compared with the established experimental systematics obtained from heavy-ion fusion and inelastic scattering of lightparticles on heavy target nuclei, as well as with predictions by other theoretical approaches. Extended to include the effect of angularmomentum J, its strength functions have been averaged over the probability distributions of T and J for the heavy-ion fusion-evaporation
reaction, which forms the compound nucleus 88Mo at high T and J. The results of theoretical predictions are found in excellent agreementwith the experimental data. The predictions by PDM and the heavy-ion fusion data are also employed to predict the viscosity of hot
medium and heavy nuclei.
(7) Study of pygmy dipole resonance with the exact treatment of the pairing
The strength functions of giant dipole resonance (GDR) in oxygen 18 – 24O, calcium 50 – 60Ca, and tin 120 – 130Sn isotopes are calculated
within the phonon damping model under three approximations: without superfluid pairing, including BCS pairing, and exact pairing gaps.
The analysis of the numerical results shows that exact pairing decreases the two-neutron separation energy in light nuclei, but increases it inheavy nuclei as compared to that obtained within the BCS theory. In neutron-rich medium and heavy nuclei, exact pairing significantly
enhances the strength located at the low-energy tail of the GDR, which is usually associated with the pygmy dipole resonance (PDR). Theline shape of the GDR changes significantly with increasing the neutron number within an isotopic chain if the model parameter is kept
fixed at the value determined for the stable isotope.
(8) Microscopic analysis of fusion hindrance in heavy systems
We study the reaction mechanism of fusion reactions and analyze origins of fusion hindrance in heavy systems with microscopic
time-dependent Hartree-Fock (TDHF) theory. We have developed a method to directly extract nucleus-nucleus potential and energy
dissipation from the relative motion of colliding nuclei to nuclear intrinsic excitations in fusion reactions from TDHF trajectories. We showthat the Coulomb barrier disappears in potentials obtained in heavy systems and they monotonically increase as relative distance decreases,
which are different from those of light, medium-mass systems. Further analysis shows that main origin of fusion hindrance is a dynamicalchange of extracted potential at short relative distance.
(9) Nuclear β-decay half-lives and r-process matter flow
Nucleosynthesis via rapid neutron capture, i.e., the r-process, is a major mechanism for producing the elements heavier than Fe in
Universe. Understanding this process requires knowledge of properties such as masses, β-decay half-lives, and neutron-capture crosssections for a large number of extremely neutron-rich nuclei far from the stability line. In order to reliably predict the β-decay half-lives of
thousands of unknown nuclei relevant to the r-process, the full self-consistency of the quasi-particle RPA (QRPA) approach is essential.
Meanwhile, the proton-neutron pairing correlations in both isovector (T = 1) and isoscalar (T = 0) channels must be taken into accountproperly. In a very recent work, we established a fully self-consistent charge-exchange QRPA with both T = 1 and T = 0 proton-neutron
pairing, based on the relativistic Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (RHFB) framework. Then, we systematically investigated the β-decay half-livesof neutron-rich even-even nuclei with 20 ≤ Z ≤ 50. It is shown that the available data are well reproduced, where the isospin-dependent T =0 proton-neutron pairing is one of the most important ingredients. With the calculated β-decay half-lives, a classical r-process calculation
has been performed with neutron density nn = 1022-1024 cm-3 and temperature T = 1.5×109 K, and a remarkable speeding up of r-matterflow is predicted. This leads to enhanced r-process abundances of elements with A ≥ 140, an important result for understanding the origin ofheavy elements in Universe.
(10) Pseudospin symmetry in nuclear single-particle spectra
In nuclear single-particle spectra, pairs of single-particle states with quantum numbers (n-1, l+2, j=l+3/2) and (n, l, j=l+1/2) arealways found to be quasi-degenerate. Arima et al. and Hecht et al. introduced in 1969 the so-called pseudospin symmetry (PSS) to explain
this phenomenon. Although it has been already more than 40 years since the suggestion of PSS in atomic nuclei and comprehensive efforts
have been made, the origin of PSS is still a puzzle. Recently, we suggested that it is promising to understand PSS and its breaking
mechanism in a fully quantitative way by combining the similarity renormalization group technique, supersymmetric (SUSY) quantum
mechanics, and perturbation theory. We took the Schrödinger equation as an example, which corresponds to the lowest-order approximationin transforming a Dirac equation into a diagonal form by using the similarity renormalization group. It is shown that while the spinsymmetry-conserving term appears in nuclear single-particle Hamiltonian, the PSS-conserving term appears naturally in its SUSY partner
Hamiltonian. The eigenstates of these two Hamiltonians are exactly identical except for the so-called intruder states, which have no
pseudospin partners. In such a way, the origin of PSS deeply hidden in the original Hamiltonian can be traced in its SUSY partner.

- 333 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Head
Takashi NAKATSUKASA (Associate Chief Scientist)
MemberAkihisa KOHAMA (Senior Research Scientist)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Nguyen Dinh DANG
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Koichi SATO
Kohei WASHIYAMA
Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher
Haozhao LIANG ( Jan. 1, 2014 - )Research Consultants
Akitsu IKEDA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Kenichi MATSUYANAGI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Researcher
Haozhao LIANG (JSPS) ( - Dec. 31, 2013)
Visiting Scientists
Takashi ABE ( Univ. of Tokyo )Wataru HORIUCHI ( Hokkaido Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Kei IIDA (Kochi Univ.)
Kiyomi IKEDA (Niigata Univ.)
Naoyuki ITAGAKI (Kyoto Univ.)
Kaori KAKI (Shizuoka Univ.)
Lu GUO (Univ. of Chinese Academy) - Mar. 31, 2013
Nguyen Quang HUNG (Tan Tao Univ.) Aug., 2013 – Sep., 2013, Feb. 1, 2014 Kazuyuki OGATA (Osaka Univ.)
Kazuhiro OYAMATSU (Aichi Shukutoku Univ.)
Yasuyuki SUZUKI (Niigata Univ.)
Kazuko TANABE (Otsuma Women's Univ.)
Yasutaka TANIGUCHI (Univ. of TSUKUBA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Assistants
Keiko SUZUKI
Noriko KIYAMA ( - Aug. 31, 2013 )Mitsue YAMAMOTO ( Sep. 1, 2013 - )- 334 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Theoretical Research Division
Strangeness nuclear physics Laboratory
1. Abstract

We proposed accurate calculation method called ‘Gaussian Expansion Method using infinitesimally shifted Gaussian lobe basis
function’. When one proceeds to four-body systems, calculation of the Hamiltonian matrix elements becomes much laborious. In order tomake the four-body calculation tractable even for complicated interactions, the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian lobe basis function has
been proposed. The GEM with the technique of infinitesimally-shifted Gaussians has been applied to various three-, four- and five-body
calculations in hypernuclei, the four-nucleon systems, and cold-atom systems. As results, we succeeded in extracting new understandings invarious fields.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Hypernuclear structure from the view point of few-body problem

Structure of exotic hadron system
Baryon-baryon interaction based on lattice QCD
Structure of three- and four-body 4He atom systems

3. Summary of Research Activity(1)

By a addition of Λ particle to neutron-rich Λ hypernuclei, we found that states of the 7ΛHe and 6ΛH became more stable. Especially, in
6
ΛHe, our prediction for the ground state is not inconsistent with the observed data within the error bar. The calculated result in ΛH
did not find any bound state, which is inconsistent with the observed data. To understand the observed data for 6ΛH, theoretically it isrequested to calculate reaction cross section of 6Li(π+,K+) 6ΛH.
(2) As one of nuclear response by addition of Λ particle, we found that Λ-separation energy was dependent on the degree of deformationof core nuclei. Especially, energy gain by the Λ-particle addition in super-deformed state is much smaller than that in normal-deformed
state in 10ΛBe and 41ΛCa.
(3) By solving 4He trimer and tetramer systems accurately, we succeeded in exploring their level structure and a universality between
those atomic systems and few-nucleon systems. Furthermore, we succeeded in explaining some fundamental results of the cold atom
experiments using alikali atoms (Li, K, Rb, Cs) on account of the universality between 4He atoms and the alkali atoms.
７

Head
Emiko HIYAMA (Associate Chief Scientist)
Researcher (appointment across AICS)
Hiroya SUNO
Contract Researcher
Yasuro FUNAKI
Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher
Philipp Gubler
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Masahiro ISAKA ( Apr. 1, 2013 -)Postdoctoral Researchers
Kenji FUKUKAWA ( - 2013/10 )Naoyuki SAKUMICHI (JSPS) ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Visiting Scientists
Takayuki MYO (Osaka Institute of Technology)
Taiichi YAMADA (Kanto Gakuin University)
Tetsuo HYODO (YITP, Kyoto University)
Makoto OKA (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Tomokazu FUKUDA (Osaka Electro-Communication University)
Daisuke JIDO (Tokyo Metropolitan University)
Hidekatsu NEMURA (University of Tsukuba)
Soichi ISHIKAWA (Hosei University)
Takenori FURUMOTO (Ichinoseki National College of Technology) -Mar. 31,2014
Atsushi HOSAKA (RCNP, Osaka University)
Shoji SHINMURA (Gifu University)
Akinobu DOTE (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, KEK)
Thomas RIJKEN (Radboud University Nijmegen)
Kazuma NAKAZAWA (Gifu University)- 335 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Atsushi UMEYA (Nihon Institute of technology)
Toru SATO (Osaka University)
Satoru HIRENZAKI (Nara Women's University)
Masayuki ASAKAWA (Osaka University)
Masakiyo KITAZAWA (Osaka Univeristy)
Wolfram WEISE (Technical University of Munich)
Keiko MURANO (YITP, Kyoto University)
Jinjiu HU (Peking University)
Yoshikazu FUJIWARA (Kyoto University) -Mar. 31,2014
Shuichi GOJUKI (SGI Japan Ltd.)
Research Consultants
Yasuo YAMAMOTO
Toshio MOTOBA
Short-term Program for International Program Associate
Bo ZHOU (Nanjng University) ( Jan. 11, 2013 – May 31, 2013)
Junior Research Associate
Shota Ohnishi (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Institute of Technology )Student Trainees
Akira YOKOTA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Saori MAEDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Tetsuya YOSHIDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Yongwoo CHOI (Kyungpook National University)
Hana GIL (Kyungpook National University)
Assistants
Yoko FUJITA
Yuri TSUBURAI- 336 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Theoretical Research Division
Mathematical Physics Laboratory
1. Abstract

The aim of mathematical physics laboratory is to apply mathematical scheme to resolve long-standing issues in various subjects ofphysics. Mathematics, in particular that originates in superstring theory, has universal feature which is common to wide range of physics.
This covers elementary particle physics, hadron physics, nuclear physics, cosmology, general relativity and condensed matter physics. We
apply mathematical scheme such as superstring theory, D-branes, AdS/CFT correspondence, solitons, statistical mechanics and integrable
systems. Topics which the laboratory covers currently include non-perturbative analysis of quantum chromo-dynamics, superstrings, andmodels beyond the standard model of particle physics, and soliton physics.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)

Application of Superstring Theory
Non-perturbative analyses of strongly-coupled gauge theories
Physics of Black Holes and Cosmology
Solitons physics
Mathematical physics
Lattice gauge theory

3. Summary of Research Activity

Interplay between mathematics and physics is indispensable, as any physics law is described in terms of mathematics. However, thepresent status of various theoretical physics does not fully appreciate the usefulness of mathematics, as each topics goes into details and hasless interaction with other subjects even nearby. We integrate various subjects of physics, by applying recent development of mathematics
and mathematical physics, to solve long-standing issues in physics. In particular, mathematical methods in superstring theory has beendeveloped and is mature enough to be applied to other physics. We put efforts on the application as described below, in addition to someother mathematical techniques such as numerical simulations, solitons and integrable systems.
(1) Application of superstring theory
1) AdS/CFT correspondence and nuclear physics
The renowned AdS/CFT correspondence, which was initiated in superstring theory, is a useful and powerful tool for analyzingstrongly-coupled gauge theories. This has been applied to QCD, the dynamics of quarks. We studied how this powerful tool can havean impact on nuclear physics. We computed an effective action of multi-baryon systems, which should serve as a basic quantum action
for nuclear physics. This turned out to reproduce nicely nuclear forces and baryon spectrum. In addition, three-body nuclear force wascomputed.
2) Vacuum Instability in Electric Fields via AdS/CFT: Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian and Planckian Thermalization
We analyze vacuum instability of strongly coupled gauge theories in a constant electric field using AdS/CFT correspondence. The
model is the N=2 1-flavor supersymmetric large N_c QCD in the strong 't Hooft coupling limit. We calculate the Euler-Heisenberg
effective Lagrangian L(E), which encodes the nonlinear response and the quantum decay rate of the vacuum in a background electricfield E, from the complex D-brane action in AdS/CFT. We find that the decay rate given by Im L(E) becomes nonzero above a criticalelectric field set by the confining force between quarks. A large-E expansion of Im L(E) is found to coincide with that of the
Schwinger effects in QED, replacing its electron mass by the confining force. Then, the time-dependent response of the system in astrong electric field is solved non-perturbatively, and we observe a universal thermalization at a shortest timescale "Planckian
thermalization time" t ~ 1/T ~ E^{-1/2}. Here, T is an effective temperature which quarks feel in the nonequilibrium state with
nonzero electric current, calculated in AdS/CFT as a Hawking temperature. Stronger electric fields accelerate the thermalization, andfor a realistic value of the electric field in RHIC experiment, we obtain t ~ 1 [fm/c], which is consistent with the believed value.
(2) Cosmology
1) Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory
Effects of heavy fields on primordial spectra of curvature perturbations are discussed in inflationary models with a sudden turning
trajectory. When heavy fields are excited after the sudden turn and oscillate around the bottom of the potential, the following two
effects are generically induced: deformation of the inflationary background spacetime and conversion interactions between adiabaticand isocurvature perturbations, both of which can affect the primordial density perturbations. In this paper, we calculate primordial
spectra in inflationary models with sudden turning potentials taking into account both of the two effects appropriately. We find that
there are some non-trivial correlations between the two effects in the power spectrum and, as a consequence, the primordial scalar
power spectrum has a peak around the scale exiting the horizon at the turn. Though both effects can induce parametric resonanceamplifications, they are shown to be canceled out for the case with the canonical kinetic terms. The peak feature and the scaledependence of bispectra are also discussed.
2) A Parallel World in the Dark
The baryon-dark matter coincidence is a long-standing issue. Interestingly, the recent observations suggest the presence of darkradiation, which, if confirmed, would pose another coincidence problem of why the density of dark radiation is comparable to that ofphotons. These striking coincidences may be traced back to the dark sector with particle contents and interactions that are quite similar,
if not identical, to the standard model: a dark parallel world. It naturally solves the coincidence problems of dark matter and darkradiation, and predicts a sterile neutrino(s) with mass of (0.1−1)eV, as well as self-interacting dark matter made of the counterpart of- 337 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

ordinary baryons. We find a robust prediction for the relation between the abundance of dark radiation and the sterile neutrino, which
can serve as the smoking-gun evidence of the dark parallel world.
(3) Lattice gauge theory
1) Phase structure of 2-dimensional topological insulators by lattice strong coupling expansion
The phase structure of 2-dimensional topological insulators under a sufficiently strong electron-electron interaction isinvestigated. The effective theory is constructed by extending the idea of the Kane-Mele model on the graphenelike honeycomb lattice,in terms of U(1) lattice gauge theory (quantum electrodynamics, QED). We analyze the phase structure by the techniques of strong
coupling expansion of lattice gauge theory. As a result, we find that the topological phase structure of the system is modified by theelectron-electron interaction. There evolves a new phase with the antiferromagnetism not parallel to the direction pointed by the
spin-orbit coupling, in between the conventional and the topological insulator phases. We also discuss the physical implication of the
new phase structure found here, in analogy to the parity-broken phase in lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD), known as "Aokiphase".
(4) Mathematical physics
1) Non-Lagrangian Theories from Brane Junctions
In this article we use 5-brane junctions to study the 5D T_N SCFTs corresponding to the 5D N=1 uplift of the 4D N=2 strongly
coupled gauge theories, which are obtained by compactifying N M5 branes on a sphere with three full punctures. Even though these
theories have no Lagrangian description, by using the 5-brane junctions proposed by Benini, Benvenuti and Tachikawa, we are able toderive their Seiberg-Witten curves and Nekrasov partition functions. We cross-check our results with the 5D superconformal index
proposed by Kim, Kim and Lee. Through the AGTW correspondence, we discuss the relations between 5D superconformal indicesand n-point functions of the q-deformed W_N Toda theories.
2) SUSY breaking by nonperturbative dynamics in a matrix model for 2D type IIA superstrings
We explicitly compute nonperturbative effects in a supersymmetric double-well matrix model corresponding to two-dimensional
type IIA superstring theory on a nontrivial Ramond-Ramond background. We analytically determine the full one-instanton
contribution to the free energy and one-point function, including all perturbative fluctuations around the one-instanton background.
The leading order two-instanton contribution is determined as well. We see that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by instantons,
and that the breaking persists after taking a double scaling limit which realizes the type IIA theory from the matrix model. The result
implies that spontaneous supersymmetry breaking occurs by nonperturbative dynamics in the target space of the IIA theory.
Furthermore, we numerically determine the full nonperturbative effects by recursive evaluation of orthogonal polynomials. The freeenergy of the matrix model appears well-defined and finite even in the strongly coupled limit of the corresponding type IIA theory.
The result might suggest a weakly coupled theory appearing as an S-dual to the two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory.
3) Conditionally valid uncertainty relations
It is shown that the well-defined unbiased measurement or disturbance of a dynamical variable is not maintained for the precise
measurement of the conjugate variable, independently of uncertainty relations. The conditionally valid uncertainty relations on thebasis of those additional assumptions, which include most of the familiar Heisenberg-type relations, thus become singular for the
precise measurement. We clarify some contradicting conclusions in the literature concerning those conditionally valid uncertainty
relations: The failure of a naive Heisenberg-type error-disturbance relation and the modified Arthurs-Kelly relation in the recent spinmeasurement is attributed to this singular behavior. The naive Heisenberg-type error-disturbance relation is formally preserved inquantum estimation theory, which is shown to be based on the strict unbiased measurement and disturbance, but it leads to unboundeddisturbance for bounded operators such as spin variables. In contrast, the Heisenberg-type error-error uncertainty relation and theArthurs-Kelly relation, as conditionally valid uncertainty relations, are consistently maintained.
4) W_3 irregular states and isolated N=2 superconformal field theories
We explore the proposal that the six-dimensional (2,0) theory on the Riemann surface with irregular punctures leads to afour-dimensional gauge theory coupled to the isolated N=2 superconformal theories of Argyres-Douglas type, and to two-dimensional
conformal field theory with irregular states. Following the approach of Gaiotto-Teschner for the Virasoro case, we construct W_3
irregular states by colliding a single SU(3) puncture with several regular punctures of simple type. If n simple punctures are colliding
with the SU(3) puncture, the resulting irregular state is a simultaneous eigenvector of the positive modes L_n, ..., L_{2n} and
W_{2n}, ..., W_{3n} of the W_3 algebra. We find the corresponding isolated SCFT with an SU(3) flavor symmetry as a nontrivial IR
fixed point on the Coulomb branch of the SU(3) linear quiver gauge theories, by confirming that its Seiberg-Witten curve correctlypredicts the conditions for the W_3 irregular states. We also compare these SCFT's with the ones obtained from the BPS quiver
method.
5) A Landscape in Boundary String Field Theory: New Class of Solutions with Massive State Condensation
We solve the equation of motion of boundary string field theory allowing generic boundary operators quadratic in X, and explore
string theory non-perturbative vacua with massive state condensation. Using numerical analysis, a large number of new solutions arefound. Their energies turn out to distribute densely in the range between the D-brane tension and the energy of the tachyon vacuum.
We discuss an interpretation of these solutions as perturbative closed string states. From the cosmological point of view, thedistribution of the energies can be regarded as the so-called landscape of string theory, as we have a vast number of non-perturbative
string theory solutions including one with small vacuum energy.

- 338 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Head
Koji HASHIMOTO (Associate Chief Scientist)
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Toshifumi NOUMIMasato TAKI
Shingo TORII
Postdoctoral Researchers
Johannes SCHMUDE (-Sep. 30,2013)
Taro KIMURA (JSPS)
Yuki MINAMI
Senior Visiting Scientist
Koichi YAZAKI
Visiting Scientists
Tatsumi AOYAMA (Nagoya Univ.)
Minoru ETO (Yamagata Univ.) Aug. 1,2013 Kazuo FUJIKAWA (Univ. of Tokyo)
Masanori HANADA(KEK)
Masashi HAYAKAWA (Nagoya Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Tetsutaro HIGAKI(KEK) Jan. 1, 2014 Keiji IGI(Univ. of Tokyo)
Hideaki IIDA (Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Norihiro IIZUKA (CERN) - Mar. 31, 2013
Nobuyuki ISHIBASHI (Univ. of Tsukuba)
Hiroshi ITOYAMA (Osaka City Univ.)
Yu MAEZAWA(Universiät Bielefeld)
Shoichi MIDORIKAWA (Aomori Univ.)
Muneto NITTA (Keio Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Noriaki OGAWA(KIAS) - Mar. 31, 2013
Kazutoshi OHTA (Meiji Gakuin Univ.)
Makoto SAKAGUCHI (Keio Univ.)
Norisuke SAKAI (Tokyo Women's Christian Univ.)
Yuuichirou SHIBUSA (Nagasaki Inst. of Applied Science)
Asato TSUCHIYA (Shizuoka Univ.)
Yoshio YAMAGUCHI (Univ. of Tokyo)
Tamiaki YONEYA (The Open Univ. of Japan) - Mar. 31, 2013
Assistants
Keiko SUZUKI
Noriko KIYAMA ( - Aug. 31, 2013 )Mitsue YAMAMOTO ( Sep. 1, 2013 - )- 339 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
Radiation Laboratory
1. Abstract

Nucleons, such as protons and neutrons, are a bound state of constituent quarks glued together with gluons. The detail structure of
nucleons, however, is not well understood yet. Especially the mechanism to build up the spin of proton, which is 1/2, is a major problem inphysics of the strong force. The research goal of Radiation Laboratory is to solve this fundamental question using the world firstpolarized-proton collider, realized at RHIC in Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) in USA. RHIC stands for Relativistic Heavy Ion
Collider, aiming also to create Quark Gluon Plasma, the state of Universe just after the Big Bang. RIKEN-BNL Research Center (RBRC)
directed by N. Samios, and recently by S. Aronson carries our core team at BNL for those exciting researches using the PHENIX detector.
We have found that the proton spin carried by gluons is indeed small, which is a very striking finding beyond our expectations. Recently wesuccessfully identified W boson in the electron/positron decay channel, with which we established the method to determine how muchanti-quarks carry the proton spin. Other than the activities at RHIC we are preparing new experiments at SPring-8, J-PARC and Fermilab tostudy the nature of hadron. We are also performing technical developments such as novel ion sources, fine-pitch silicon pixel detectors andhigh-performance trigger electronics. We also have developed neutron optical devices, whose know-how has been transferred to the othernew research center where Neutron Beam Technology Team was newly established.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Spin physics with relativistic polarized-proton collisions at RHIC
Study of nuclear matter at high temperature and/or at high density
Technical developments on radiation detectors and accelerators

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Experimental study of spin structure of proton using RHIC polarized proton collider[See also RIKEN-BNL Research Center Experimental Group for the activities at BNL]
After the establishment of small gluon polarization inside the proton, we are investigating the antiquark spin and partonic orbital
motion inside the proton with polarized proton collisions at RHIC using the PHENIX detector in order to understand the last piece of the
proton-spin puzzle. We have collected W-boson production data to extract flavor-separated antiquark polarizations. The data analysis isongoing to obtain the final results of the antiquark polarization. The Drell-Yan process (quark-antiquark annihilation) with polarized proton
collisions is one of the key measurements to investigate the orbital motion in the proton. We are proposing to perform such measurement by
upgrading the PHENIX detector. As a pilot measurement, some of us are participating in the Fermilab SeaQuest experiment which has beencollecting  pairs using a 120-GeV unpolarized proton at Fermilab. By measuring unpolarized Drell-Yan process, we can study quark
spin-orbit effects which supplement what can be learned in the polarized Drell-Yan process.
(2) Experimental study of quark-gluon plasma using RHIC heavy ion collider[See also RIKEN-BNL Research Center Experimental Group for the activities at BNL]
We have completed several key measurements in the study of quark-gluon plasma at RHIC. As the top of them, we lead the analysis of
the first thermal photon measurement in heavy ion collisions. The measurement indicates that the initial temperature reached in the central
Au+Au collision at 200 GeV is about 350MeV, far above the expected transition temperature Tc~170MeV, from hadronic phase toquark-gluon plasma. This work was rewarded by Nishina Memorial Prize in 2011. Using the same “virtual photon” method used in thethermal photon measurement, we measured direct photons in d+Au collisions. The results show that there is little cold nuclear effects indirect photons. This supports that the large enhancement of direct photons observed in Au+Au is indeed due to hot quark-gluon plasma
formed in Au+Au collisions.
We also measured the elliptic flow strength, v2, of direct photons in Au+Au collisions. The results show surprisingly large v2, whichmeans the source of those photons expands elliptically. This is one of the most interesting results from RHIC in the last three years. One of
the JRA students of Radiation Laboratory led this important analysis. Also, the most recent measurements of high pT0 suppression in
Au+Au collisions show that the suppression reduces at very high pT (pT~20GeV). Analysis of heavy quark using the silicon vertex detector
is ongoing. The first preliminary results from the 2011 Au+Au run and 2012 p+p run was reported in the Quark Matter 2012 conference.
We are now finalizing the results for publication.
In Wako we are operating a cluster computer system specialized to analyze huge data sets taken with the PHENIX detector. It consistsof 28 nodes (18 old nodes and 10 new nodes) each of which has two CPUs and 10 sets of local disk for data repository (old node: quad-core
CPU, 1TB disk, new node: six-core CPU, 2TB disk). There are 264 CPU cores and 380 TB disks in total. This configuration ensures thefastest disk I/O when the jobs are assigned to the nodes where the required data sets are stored. It is also important that this scheme
doesn't require an expensive RAID system and network. Through this development we have established a fast and cost-effective solution in
analyzing massive data.
(3) Study of properties of mesons and exotic hadrons with domestic accelerators
Preparation of the experiment E16 at J-PARC 50-GeV PS is underway with the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative
Areas (MEXT). This experiment aims to perform a systematic study of the mass modification of low-mass vector mesons in nuclei toexplore the chiral symmetry breaking in dense nuclear matter, namely, the mechanism proposed by Nambu to generate the major part ofhadron mass.
Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) technology is adopted for the two key detectors, GEM Tracker (GTR) and Hadron-blind Cherenkov
detector (HBD). With cooperation with Japanese industries, GEM foils with a world-largest size (30cm x 30cm) are newly developed.

- 340 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Through the beam tests at ELPH, J-PARC, LEPS, and RIKEN RIBF, the followings are achieved and proven; 1) required position
resolution of 0.1 mm, and 2) stable operation under the hadron-background environment, typically 30 times higher rate than that expectedin the J-PARC experimental area. The design parameters of the GTR and HBD were finalized and the mass-production of GTR GEM
started. HBD GEM is under the final tuning to achieve the required stability, efficiency and pion-rejection power.
For the readout electronics of GEM, a preamp using the APV25 ASIC chip is developed and tested. For the digitization and the datatransfer, the SRS system developed by CERN is also tested and adopted. Another preamp-ASIC for the trigger signal from GEM foils is
also developed and tested. Trigger logic boards, which are developed by Belle II, are tested with the firmware customized for thisexperiment.
The development phase of the detector components is just finished and we are moving to the production phase. For the electronics,
mass production will start in a year after some remained tests. The construction of the beam line is finally funded in KEK and started at
J-PARC in 2013. It will be completed by March 2016. The spectrometer construction at the beam line is planned to start in March 2015 andthe commissioning with a primary beam will be performed in early 2016.
(4) Detector development for PHENIX experiment
After 7 years of hard work, we finally completed and installed the silicon vertex tracker (VTX) into the PHENIX detector at RHIC in
December 2010. VTX is a 4-layer silicon tracker to measure heavy quark (charm and bottom) production in p+p and heavy ion collisions at
RHIC. The detector was funded by RIKEN and the US DOE. We and RIKEN BNL Research Center are responsible for construction andoperation of the inner two pixel detectors. The VTX was successfully commissioned during the 500 GeV p+p run in the 2011 of RHIC.
Subsequently, we collected 5 billion Au+Au events in the 2011 run, 11/pb of p+p data at 510 GeV, 3/pb of p+p data at 200 GeV, 110/μb of
U+U data at 193 GeV, and 2.9/nb of Cu+Au at 200 GeV. We are now analyzing those datasets to study the interaction between heavy
quarks and the quark-gluon plasma.
During the 2011 run, part of the pixel detector was damaged due to thermal stress on the detector. We improved the operation
procedure and there is no additional damage on the detector since 2012. We repaired the damaged pixel detectors in 2012 to 2013, and thisrepair work has been completed. The detector was re-installed in PHENIX before the 2014 run and has been successfully re-commissioned.
We will have a long (~15 weeks) of Au+Au run at 200 GeV and we expect that we have high quality data with much higher statistics thanthe 2011 Au+Au run.
Sea quark polarization measurement via W-boson production is one of the highlight of PHENIX spin program. In order to detect highmomentum muons from W-decay, we developed the momentum-sensitive trigger system for the PHENIX forward muon arms withcollaborators from KEK, Kyoto and Rikkyo University. Together with new hadron absorber, W-boson measurement was successfully
carried out using the new high momentum trigger. We accumulated high-integrated luminosity of about 250pb-1 in Run13 and almost
achieved our goal. The intensive analysis is underway towards the publication.
(5) Neutron optics
Cold or thermal neutron beam is a high-sensitivity probe to study not only the structure of condensed matter, but also fundamental
physics. Recently interests arise to apply those neutrons for the internal imaging of industrial material, sometimes at the fabrication stage orsometimes after aging. RANS (RIKEN Accelerator-driven compact neutron source) has been developed at the K1 space of RIBF building,and became operational in January 2013. By bombarding protons accelerated to 7MeV onto the beryllium target, neutrons are produced in
low-energy nuclear reactions, Be(p,n)B. Fast and slow neutrons are detected at the end of the beam line, 5m away from the target. The
large-area neutron imaging detectors, the combination of plastic scintillators and MPPCs, have been developed for the non-destructive
inspections of the large scale structures such as bridges. Initial imaging experiments were successful with thermal and cold neutrons, andalso in neutron-induced prompt gamma-ray analysis. Instrumentations for the polarized-neutron imaging and pulsed-neutron imaging are
under construction.
The technology for a neutron interferometer using multilayer mirrors is adopted for differential phase imaging, to see an internal
structure of a bulk. We have demonstrated that an internal crack in an acrylic plate is observable.
These activities were transferred to Neutron Beam Technology Team in RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics.
(6) Development of beam source
Under the collaboration with BNL, we are developing various techniques for a laser ion source (LIS) to provide high quality
heavy-ion beams to the accelerators at present or in the future. We have demonstrated the instantaneous beam intensity of more than 70 mA
with highly-charged carbon and aluminum. This is the highest-current heavy-ion beam produced by any methods. The technicaldevelopments are well accumulated and now being applied to the DIGITAL accelerator in KEK. The beam commissioning of this new
system is expected in 2014 with fully-stripped carbon beam. We have also established stable operation of low charge state heavy ion beams
with an extremely low emittance.
We just installed another new LIS at the most upstream of the RHIC accelerator complex in BNL. The new LIS allows rapid switchingamong a wide variety of beam species so that the complex can be operated with large flexibility.
At Wako, the development of a next-generation electron beam source was performed using the novel photocathode based on asuper-lattice semiconductor with negative electron affinity (NEA) surface. This activity was transferred to Nagoya University.

- 341 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Head
Hideto EN’YO (Chief Scientist; Director, RNC)
Members
Yasuyuki AKIBA (Vice Chief Scientist)
Yuji GOTO (Senior Research Scientist)
Itaru NAKAGAWA (Senior Research Scientist)
Yoshie OTAKE (Senior Research Scientist) ( - Mar. 31, 2013)
Yasushi WATANABE (Senior Research Scientist)
Satoshi YOKKAICHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Ralf SEIDL (Senior Research Scientist)
Hiroaki ONISHI (concurrent; Senior Research Scientist)
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Yoshichika SEKI
Contract Researchers
Takashi HACHIYA
Hisayuki TORII (May 1, 2013 – Mar. 31, 2014 )Postdoctoral Researchers
Yoki ARAMAKI ( - Mar. 31, 2014 )Yoshimasa IKEDA ( - Mar. 31, 2014 )Yoshimitsu IMAZU ( - Jun. 30, 2013 )Daisuke KAWAMA (JSPS)
Takayuki SUMITA ( May 1, 2013 - )Tomonori TAKAHASHI ( - Mar. 31, 2014 )Yuhei MORINO ( May 1, 2013 - )Senior Visiting Scientists
Toshiaki SHIBATA (Grad. Sch. of Sci. and Eng., Tokyo Inst. of Tech.)Takashi NAKANO (RCNP, Osaka University)
Visiting Scientists
Kazuya AOKI (Inst. of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK) Jun. 1, 2013 Alexander BAZILEVSKY (BNL, USA) Jul. 15, 2013 Wolfgang BENTZ (Tokai Univ.)
Akitomo ENOKIZONO (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Rikkyo Univ.)
Hirotsugu FUJII (Grad. Sch./College of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yoshinori FUKAO (Inst. of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK)
Kenji FUKUSHIMA (Keio Univ.)
Haruhiko FUNAHASHI (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Taku GUNJI (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo) Jul. 1, 2013 Noriyosu HAYASHIZAKI (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)
Masanori HIRAI (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Kensuke HOMMA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Hiroshima Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Ryo ICHIMIYA (KEK) Jun. 1, 2013 Noriyoshi ISHII (Grad. Sch. of Pure and Applied Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba)
Robert JAMESON (Goethe Universitat Frankfurt, Germany) - Mar. 31, 2013
Masashi KANETA (Tohoku Univ.) Oct. 1, 2013 Hirotsugu KASHIWAGI (Takasaki Advanced Radiation Res. Inst., JAEA)
Shunzo KUMANO (Inst. of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK)
Teiji KUNIHIRO (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Makoto KUWAHARA (Nagoya Univ.)
Youngil KWON (Yonsei Univ., Korea) Jul. 22, 2013 Yoshikazu MAEDA (RCNP, Osaka Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yajun MAO (Peking Univ., China) - Mar. 31, 2013
Tsutomu MIBE (KEK)Yoshiyuki MIYACHI (Tokyo Inst. Tech.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Norihito MURAMATSU (RCNP, Osaka Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Ryotaro MUTO (KEK)
Tomofumi NAGAE (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Atsushi NAKAMURA (Information Media Center, Hiroshima Univ.) May 1, 2013 Tomoaki NAKAMURA (ICEPP, Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Kenichi NAKANO (Tokyo Inst. Tech.)
Megumi NARUKI (KEK) Jul. 1, 2013 Masayuki NIIYAMA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Tomohiro NISHITANI (Nagoya University)- 342 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Munehisa OHTANI (Kyorin Univ.)
Masahiro OKAMURA (BNL, USA)
Kyoichiro OZAWA (KEK)
Petra RIEDLER (CERN, Switzerland) - Mar. 31, 2013
Naohito SAITO (J-PARC, KEK) - Mar. 31, 2013
Hiroyuki SAKO (JAEA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Murad SARSOUR (Georgia State University ) - Mar. 31, 2013
Susumu SATO (JAEA)
Shin-ya SAWADA (Inst. of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK)
Michiko SEKIMOTO (Inst. of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK)
Maya SHIMOMURA (Iowa State University)
Kazutaka SUDO (Inst. of Particle and Nuclear Studies, KEK) - Mar. 31, 2013
Mizuki SUMIHAMA (RCNP, Osaka Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Taneja SWADHIN (SUNY at Stony Brook) - Mar. 31, 2013
Masao TABUCHI (Nagoya Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Junpei TAKANO (KEK)
Kiyoshi TANIDA (Seoul National Univ., Korea)
Feng WEI (New Mexico State Univ., USA) Jul.1, 2013 – Jul. 24, 2013
Yorito YAMAGUCHI (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo)
Satoru YAMASHITA (ICEPP, Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Imuran YOUNUS (Univ. of New Mexico, USA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Student
Junior Research Associates
Yasuhiro FUWA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013 Shinichi HAYASHI (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo)
Tomoya HOSHINO (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Hiroshima Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013 Shunsuke Ikeda (Tokyo Inst. Tech.) Apr. 1, 2013 Kouki KANNO (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) Apr. 1, 2013 Yuya KOMATSU (Fac. Sci. , Univ. of Tokyo)
Masafumi KUMAKI (Fac. Sci. and Eng., Waseda Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013 Sanshiro MIZUNO (Grad. Sch. of Pure and Applied Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba)
Hiroshi NAKAGOMI (Grad. Sch. of Pure and Applied Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba) Apr. 1, 2013 Wataru NAKAI (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) Apr. 1, 2013 Masaya NIHASHI (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Hiroshima Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yuko SEKIGUCHI (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo) Apr. 1, 2013 Megumi SEKINE (Tokyo Inst. Tech.）
Takahito TODOROKI (Grad. Sch. of Pure and Applied Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba) - Mar. 31, 2013
Tomoya TSUJI (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo)
Daisuke WATANABE (Univ. of Tsukuba) Apr. 1, 2013 Satoshi YANO (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Hiroshima Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013 –International Program Associates
Chong KIM (Korea Univ., Korea) Dec. 10, 2013 Taebong MOON (Yonsei Univ., Korea) Jul. 1, 2013 Sanghwa PARK (Seoul National Univ., Korea)
Inseok YOON (Seoul National Univ., Korea)
Student Trainees
Nobuaki AMANO (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Nerangika Sadeera BANDARA (Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA) Jul. 1, 2013 – Jul. 23, 2013
Michael BEAUMIER (Univ. of California, Riverside, USA) Jul. 8, 2013 – Aug. 4, 2013
Jeongsu BOK (New Mexico State Univ., USA) Jun. 30, 2013 – Jul. 11, 2013
Kazuya HAYASE (Tokyo Univ. of Science) - Mar. 31, 2013
Daniel JUMPER (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA) Jul. 8, 2013 – Jul. 26, 2013
Sotaro KANDA (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Aaron KEY (Univ. of New Mexico, USA) Jul. 1, 2013 – Jul. 21, 2013
Paul KLINE (Dept. of Physics, SUNY at Stony Brook, USA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yukiyoshi KON (RCNP, Osaka Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Andrew MANION (Dept. of Physics, SUNY at Stony Brook, USA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Shinichi MASUMOTO (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Abraham MELES (New Mexico State Univ., USA) Jul. 1, 2013 – Jul. 20, 2013
Shou MIYASAKA (Tokyo Inst. Tech.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Pedro MONTUENGA (Univ. of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, USA) Jul. 8, 2013 – Jul. 29, 2013
Hikari MURAKAMI (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) Nov. 1, 2013 Kazuya NAGASHIMA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Hiroshima Univ.)
Shoichiro NISHIMURA (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yuki OBARA (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)- 343 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)
Hideyuki OIDE (Fac. Eng., Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yusuke OYA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Hiroshima Univ.)
Gonaduwage PERERA (New Mexico State Univ., USA) Jul. 1, 2013 – Jul. 20, 2013
Joshua PERRY (Iowa State Univ., USA) Jul. 2, 2013 – Jul. 31, 2013
Dai SAKURAI (Grad. Sch. of Eng., Tokyo Univ. of Science) - Mar. 31, 2013
Takahiro SAWADA (RCNP, Osaka Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Takuya SHIBUKAWA (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) Apr. 1, 2013 Akihisa TAKAHARA (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yosuke WATANABE (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yuki WATANABE (Tokyo Univ. of Science) - Mar. 31, 2013
Haiwang YU (Peking Univ., China) Jul. 7, 2013 – Aug. 4, 2013
Interns
Hidemitsu ASANO (Fac. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2014
Ciprian GAL (Dept. of Physics , SUNY at Stony Brook) Jun. 28, 2013 – Aug. 4, 2013
Minjung KIM (Seoul National Univ., Korea) Jul. 1, 2013 – Aug. 31, 2013
Katsuro NAKAMURA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Masako YAMADA (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Takayuki YAMAMOTO (Waseda Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Part-time Staff (Research Assistance)
Ryoji AKIMOTO (CNS, Univ. of Tokyo)
Kimiaki HASHIMOTO (Fac. of Sci., Rikkyo Univ.)
Takeru IGURI (Rikkyo Univ.)
Toru NAGASHIMA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Wataru SAITO (Rikkyo Univ.)
Assistants
Keiko SUZUKI
Noriko KIYAMA ( - Aug. 31, 2013 )Mitsue YAMAMOTO ( Sep. 1, 2013 - )- 344 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
Advanced Meson Science Laboratory
1. Abstract

Particles like muons, pions, and kaons have finite life times, so they do not exist in natural nuclei or matters. By implanting theseparticles into nuclei/matters, exotic phenomena in various objects can be studied from new point of view.
Kaon is the second lightest meson which has strange-quark as a constituent quark. It is expected that if one embed mesons into nuclei,
the sizes of the nuclei become smaller and one can form a high density object beyond the normal nuclear density. Study of this object could
lead to better understanding of the origin of the mass of the matter, and may reveal the quark degree of freedom beyond thequark-confinement. The other example is the weak interaction in nuclear matter. It can only be studied by the weak decay of hypernuclei,
which have Lambda particle in the nuclei.
Muon provides even wider scope of studies, covering condensed matter physics as well as nuclear and atomic physics, and we aretrying to extend the application field further into chemical and biological studies. For instance, stopping positively charged muon in amaterial, we obtain information on the magnetic properties or the local field at the muon trapped site (SR). Injecting negatively charged
muon to hydrogen gas, muonic hydrogen atom (p) is formed. We are planning to measure p hyperfine splitting energy to measure proton
magnetic radius, which is complementary quantity to the proton charge radius and its puzzle lately attracts strong interest. We are alsointerested in precision measurement of muon property itself, such as muon anomalous magnetic moment (g-2).
In our research, we introduce different kind of impurities into nuclei / matters, and study new states of matter, new phenomena, or theobject properties.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Study of meson property and interaction in nuclei
Origin of matter mass / quark degree of freedom in nuclei
Condensed matter and material studies with muon
Nuclear and particle physics studies via muonic hydrogen
Development of ultra cold muon beam, and its application from material science to particle physics

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Hadron physics at J-PARC, RIKEN-RIBF, GSI and SPring-8
Kaon and pion will shed a new insight to the nuclear physics. The recent discovery of deeply bound pionic atom enables us toinvestigate the properties of mesons in nuclear matter. At RIKEN-RIBF, we are preparing precise experimental study of the pionic atom.
We have also started next generation kaon experiments (E15 and E31) at J-PARC. In these experiments, we are aiming at precise
determination of the KbarN interaction, and clarify the nature of kaon in nuclei and the nature of (1405), which could be K-p bound state.
At Spring-8 and at GSI, we are also aiming to study ω and η’ nuclei. By these experiments, we aim to be a world-leading scientific researchgroup using these light meta-stable particles.
(1-A) Deeply bound kaonic nuclei
We have performed experimental exploration of theoretically predicted deeply bound kaonic nuclear states, such as the <K-pp> boundstate. One of the most interesting features of the kaonic nucleus is the strong attraction of the KbarN interaction. Because of this strong
attraction, the kaon in nucleus will attract surrounding nucleons resulting in extremely high-density object, which is several times larger
than normal nuclear density. Measurement of the kaon properties at such high energy density will provide precious information on theorigin of hadron masses and the chiral symmetry breaking and its partial restoration.
The experiment J-PARC E15 aims to identify the nature of the <K-pp> bound state by the in-flight 3He(K-, n) reaction, which allows
us to investigate such state both in the formation via the missing-mass spectroscopy using the emitted neutron, and in its decay via theinvariant-mass spectroscopy by detecting decay particles from <K-pp>. For the experiment, we constructed a dedicated spectrometersystem at the secondary beam-line, K1.8BR, in the hadron hall of J-PARC.
The first physics data-taking was carried out in March and May, 2013 with 6x109 kaons on 3He target, corresponding to a ~1% of theapproved proposal. We successfully obtained semi-inclusive 3He(K-, n) X missing-mass spectrum, and found a tail structure just below themass threshold of (K- + p + p) which cannot be explained by well-known processes and backgrounds. We also demonstrated an exclusive
analysis by reconstructing 3He(K-, p) n events. To derive more information on the KbarN interaction by the exclusive measurement, we areplanning to perform the second physics-run, in which 10 times more data will be accumulated.
(1-B) Precision X-ray measurement of kaonic atom
Simultaneously with the above experiment (1), we have performed an X-ray spectroscopy of atomic 3d→2p transition of negatively
charged K mesons captured by helium atoms. Many Kaonic atom x-rays are measured and most of them can be explained by theoretical
calculation, however, very large deviation exist on kaonic helium (and the oxygen) which can never been explained in the present
theoretical scheme. Therefore, a new and high precision data have been long awaited for. This large deviation could be due to the existenceof deeply bound kaonic states in nuclei, well below the atomic levels of kaons in energy. Very recently, we performed a kaonic helium
X-ray measurement. We have achieved much more precise X-ray measurement, resulting in the shift to be 2 ± 2 (stat.) ± 2 (syst.) eV, whichis in good agreement with the theoretical calculation. Therefore, previous data should be replaced by the present value, and the so called“kaonic helium puzzle” has been dissolved.
Another important X-ray measurement of kaonic atom would be 2p→1s transition of kaonic deuteron. We have measured sametransition of kaonic hydrogen, but the width and shift from electro-magnetic (EM) value reflect only isospin average of the KbarN- 345 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

interaction. We can resolve isospin dependence of the strong interaction by the measurement. We are presently preparing a proposal to
J-PARC PAC to measure kaonic deuteron X-ray.
(1-C) Deeply bound pionic atoms and ’ mesic nuclei
We have been working on precision spectroscopy of pionic atoms systematically, that leads to understanding of the origin of hadronmass. The precision data set stringent constraints on the chiral condensate at nuclear medium. We are presently conducting the precision
measurement at RIBF. The first measurement is aiming at pionic tin 121 as the first step for the systematic spectroscopy. A pilot
experiment was performed in 2010, and the first main experiment was performed in 2014 showing a very good performance of the system.
We have been analyzing the data to improve experimental setup of the pionic atom spectroscopy at the RIBF in RIKEN. We expect toachieve better experimental resolution with much reduced systematic errors.
We are also working on spectroscopy of ’ mesic nuclei in GSI/FAIR. Theoretically, peculiarly large mass of ’ is attributed to UA(1)symmetry and chiral symmetry breaking. As a result, large binding energy is expected for ’ meson bound states in nuclei (’-mesic
nuclei). From this measurement, we can access information about partial restoration of chiral symmetry in nuclear media via the binding
energy and decay width of ’-nuclear bound state.
(1-D) Hadron physics at SPring-8/LEPS2
Photo production of meson in nuclei is known to be a powerful tool to investigate property of the hadron in nuclear media. For thisstudy, we started a new experimental project named LEPS2 (Laser Electron Photon at SPring-8 II) in this RIKEN Mid-term. The
experimental hutch for LEPS2 at SPring-8 was constructed in March 2011, lead by RIKEN. The Large solenoid spectrometer magnet (2.96m inner diameter x 2.22 m length) was successfully transported from BNL (US) to SPring-8 and installed into LEPS2 hutch in 2011.
One of the first physics programs is photo-production of ’ in nuclei. Especially (p) is most important reaction channel, where wecan perform missing mass spectroscopy by detecting forward going proton. One of the big advantages of photo-production reaction is thatthe initial reaction is expected to be much cleaner than the hadron channel.
Detector construction for the first physics program is in progress. The 4 Electro-Magnetic calorimeter has been constructed andproton counter to detect forward going proton produced via (p) reaction was partially installed in November 2013. Engineering run for the
first experiment was performed in December 2013 to confirm performance of our detector system. Full set of the detector will be installedby mid April 2014 and we are planning to perform first physics data taking run starting from mid April 2014 to end of July 2014.
(2) Muon science at RIKEN-RAL branch
The research area ranges over particle physics, condensed matter studies, chemistry and life science. Our core activities are based on
the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), which provides intense pulsed-muon beam. We havevariety of important research activities such as particle / nuclear physics studies with muon's spin and condensed matter physics by muon
spin rotation / relaxation / resonance (μSR).
(2-A) Condensed matter/materials studies with μSR
We are going to serve new SR spectrometer named CHRONUS to collaborative experiments from the May-June cycle in 2014. To
have higher affinity on SR studies with ISIS muon facility, common data acquisition (DAQ) system with ISIS standard DAQ (DAEIII)
and front-end control system (SEKI) have been installed and optimized along with other equipment in Port-4. Installations of anexperimental platform over Port-4 and a pillar crane have been completed. Thus, we can perform two independent SR experiments in
Port-2 and 4 at the same time, switching double-pulse to share beam between the two.
Among our scientific activities on SR studies from year 2011 to 2013, following six subjects of material sciences are most importantachievements at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility:
1) One-dimensional diffusive motion of spin-excited states in the spin liquid of molecular magnet, EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2, has been found.
The data shows that this material could be the first example that realized one-dimensional resonating valence bond state.
2) A static ordering of small Ir moments in the pyrochlore iridate, Nd2Ir2O7, was examined. We found that this system is located close to
the quantum critical point.
3) A static ordering of Yb moment in pyrochlore structure of Yb2Ti2O7 crystal has been confirmed. This ordering can be explained by the
Higgs mechanism.
4) Spontaneous small static internal fields in the superconducting state of URu2Si2 have been measured. From the data and its crystal
structure, we obtained a scenario to explain superconducting mechanism of this system.
5) The universality class of the Mott transition in EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2 has been confirmed by pressure dependences of transportation
properties.
6) Muon sites in La2CuO4 crystal have been evaluated based on ab-initio calculation on spatial distribution of the potential energy, taking
into account the Cu spin spatial distribution effect.
(2-B) Nuclear and particle physics studies via ultra cold muon beam and muonic atoms
If we can improve muon beam-emittance, beam-timing and energy dispersion (so-called “ultra-slow muon”), then the capability ofSR study will be drastically improved. The ultra-slow muon beam can be stopped in thin foils, multi-layered materials and artificial
lattices and we can apply the μSR techniques to surface and interface science. The development of ultra-slow muon beam is also very
important as the source of ultra-cold (pencil-like small emittance) muon beam for muon g-2 measurement. Therefore, we have beenworking on R&D study.
We had been working on the “ultra-slow muon” generation based on the following technique, namely, positive muon beam withthermal energy has been produced by laser ionization of muoniums in vacuum (bound system of μ+ and electron) emitted from the hottungsten surface by stopping “surface muon beam” at Port-3. However, the muon yield and obtained emittance was far from satisfactory,
and remained to be far from any kind of realistic application.
Therefore, in this mid-term, we decided to start developing two key components first, namely high efficiency muonium generator atroom temperature and high intensity ionization laser. The study of muonium generator has been done in collaboration with TRIUMF. Very

- 346 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

recently, we demonstrated tremendous increase of the muonium emission efficiency by fabricating fine laser drill-holes on the surface ofsilica aerogel. We also developed a high power Lyman- laser in collaboration with laser group at RIKEN. In this laser development, we
succeeded to synthesize novel laser crystal Nd:YGAG, which has an ideal wave-length property for laser amplification to generate
Lyman-by four wave mixing in Kr gas cell. The developed new laser will ionize muoniums 100 times more efficiently for slow muon
beam generation. In order to fully apply these new developments to slow muon generation, we are designing a new beam line based on
microscope optics.
(3) Theoretical Researches(3-A) Physics of Quantum Hall system
We have investigated the interlayer phase coherence and the Josephson currents in the bi-layer quantum Hall system based on the
non-commutative geometrical approach. We have demonstrated that the Josephson in-plane current provokes anomalous behaviors in theHall resistance in counter flow and drag experiments. Furthermore, we investigate the condition on the input current for the tunnelingcurrent to be coherent and dissipation less. Our results explain quite well the experimental report on the input current due to the vonKlitzing group [Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 (2010) 116802]. We have predicted also how the condition changes when the sample is tilted in themagnetic field.
Head
Masahiko IWASAKI (Chief Scientist)
Members
Katsuhiko ISHIDA (Vice Chief Scientist)
Kenta ITAHASHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Yue MA (Research Scientist)
Hiroaki OHNISHI
Haruhiko OUTA (Senior Research Scientist)
Fuminori SAKUMA (Senior Research Scientist)
Tsukasa TADA (Vice Chief Scientist - Mar. 31, 2013)
Isao WATANABE (Senior Research Scientist)
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Ikuto KAWASAKI
Contract Researchers
Yu OISHI
Shinji OKADA
Masaharu SATO ( Apr. 1, 2013 - )Special Temporary Employee
Teiichiro MATSUZAKI
Senior Visiting Scientist
Kazuhiro TANAKA (IPNS, KEK)
Visiting Scientists
Tadashi ADACHI (Grad. Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ.)
Jun AKIMITSU (Coll. Sci. Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Kunio AWAGA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Nagoya Univ.)
Pavel BAKULE (IPS AS CR, Czech)
Ayi BAHTIAR (UNPAD, Indonesia)
George BEER (Univ. of Victoria, Canada)HyoungChan BHANG (Seoul Natl Univ., Korea)
Graeme BLAKE (Univ. of Groningen, Netherlands)
N. Ludmila BOGDANOVA (ITEP, Russia)
Kwang Yong CHOI (Chung-Ang Univ., Korea)
Lee CHOW (UCF, USA)
Catalina CURCEANU (INFN, Italy)
Prasad Tara DAS (SUNY, USA)
Irwan DHARMAWAN (UNPAD, Indonesia)
Yasuaki EINAGA (Fac. Sci & Tech., Keio. Univ.)
Masaya ENOMOTO (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Zyun Francis EZAWA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Tohoku Univ.)
Mark FAYFMAN (Kurchatov Inst., Russia)
Donald FLEMING (Univ. of British Columbia/TRIUMF)
Yutaka FUJII (Fac. Eng., Fukui Univ.)
Hiroyuki FUJIOKA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Masaki FUJITA (IMR, Tohoku Univ.)- 347 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Hideto FUKAZAWA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Chiba Univ.)
Takayuki GOTO (Fac. Sci. & Tech., Sophia Univ.)
Kazuo HAYAKAWA (Fac of Sci. & Tech., Shizuoka Inst. Sci. & Tech.)
Ryugo S. HAYANO (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Wataru HIGEMOTO (ASRC, JAEA)
Yuki HIGUCHI (Toyota Central R&D Labs.)
Satoru HIRENZAKI (Fac. Sci., Nara Women’s Univ.)
Masahiko HIROI (Fac. Sci., Kagoshima Univ.)
Koichi ICHIMURA (Fac. of Eng., Hokkaido Univ.)
Youichi IGARASHI (IPNS, KEK)
Hiromi IINUMA (IPNS, KEK)
Masami IIO (CSC, KEK)
Susumu IKEDA (IMSS, KEK)
Yutaka IKEDO (IMSS, KEK)
Rintaro INOUE (ICR, Kyoto Univ.)
Takayuki ISHIDA (Grad. Sch. Infor. & Eng., Univ. Elect. Commu.)
Yasuyuki ISHII (Dept. Phys., Tokyo Medical Univ.) - Mar. 31. 2014
Shigeru ISHIMOTO (IPNS, KEK)
Tomoichi ISHIWATARI (SMI, Austria)
Ryosuke KADONO (IMSS, KEK)
Kazuya KAMAZAWA (Toyota Central R&D Labs.)
Toshiji KANAYA (ICR, Kyoto Univ.)
Roland KAWAKAMI (UC Riverside, USA)
Takayuki KAWAMATA (Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ.)
Naritoshi KAWAMURA (IMSS, KEK)
Seiko KAWAMURA (J-PARC, JAEA)
Kenji KAWASHIMA (Coll. Sci. Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.) - Mar. 31. 2014
Hikomitsu KIKUCHI (Grad. Sch. Eng., Univ. of Fukui)
Yasushi KINO (Fac. Sci., Tohoku Univ.)
Wataru KOBAYASHI (Grad. Sch. Pure & Applied Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba)
Yoshio KOBAYASHI (Grad. Sch. of Info. & Eng., Univ. of Elec.-Com.)
Akihiro KODA (IMSS, KEK)
Yoh KOHORI (Fac. Sci., Chiba Univ.)
Yoji KOIKE (Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ.)
Kenji KOJIMA (IMSS, KEK)
Norimichi KOJIMA (Grad. Sch. Arts & Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Kenya KUBO (Grad. Sch. Sci., ICU)
Shoko KUME (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Yoshitaka KUNO (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Takuya KURAHASHI (IMS, NINS)
Haruhiko KUROE (Fac. Sci. & Tech., Sophia Univ.)
Guido LANGOUCHE (NVAO, Netherlands)
Shunsuke MAKIMURA (IMSS, KEK)
Hirotaka MANAKA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Kagoshima Univ.)
Kenji MATSUDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. &Eng. for Edu., Univ. of Toyama)
Yasuyuki MATSUDA (Grad. Sch. Arts & Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Tsutomu MIBE (IPNS, KEK)
Mototsugu MIHARA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Yasuhiro MIYAKE (IMSS, KEK)
Jun MIYAZAKI (Fac. Sci. Div., Nihon Univ.) - Mar. 31. 2014
Soichiro MIZUSAKI (Coll. Sci. & Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Mohamed Ismail MOHAMED IBRAHIM (USM, Malaysia)
Kazuhiko MUKAI (Toyota Central R&D Labs.) - Mar. 31. 2014
Yujiro NAGATA (Coll. Sci. Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Takashi NAGATOMO (IMSS, KEK) - Dec. 31, 2013
Hiroyuki NAKAMURA (Grad. Sch. Eng., Kyoto Univ.)
Jin NAKAMURA (Grad. Sch. Infor. & Eng., Univ. Elect. Commu.)
Satoshi NAKAMURA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Tohoku Univ.)
Takashi NAKAMURA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Tech.)Takayoshi NAKAMURA (RIES, Hokkaido Univ.)
Takehito NAKANO (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Saburou NASU (Grad, Sch. Eng. & Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Kazuhiko NINOMIYA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Nobuhiko NISHIDA (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Tech.)
Katsuhiko NISHIMURA (Grad. Sch. Sci.&Eng. for Edu., Univ. of Toyama)
Kusuo NISHIYAMA (IMSS, KEK)
Hiroyuki NOUMI (RCNP, Osaka Univ.)
Hiroshi NOZAKI (Toyota Central R&D Labs.) - Mar. 31. 2014

- 348 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Yasuo NOZUE (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Agung NUGROHO (ITB, Indonesia)
Kazuki OHISHI (CROSS Tokai)
Yoshitaka OHKUBO (KURRI, Kyoto Univ.)
Atsushi OKAZAWA (Grad. Sch. Arts & Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Leonid PONOMAREV (Kurchatov Institute, Russia)
Francis PRATT (RAL, UK)
Risdiana (UNPAD, Indonesia)
Lusy SAFRIANI (UNPAD, Indonesia)
Naohito SAITO (IPNS, KEK)
Shin-ichi SAKAMOTO (J-PARC, JAEA)
Tobat SARAGI (Univ. of Kassel, Germany)
Kazuhiko SATO (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Saitama Univ.)
Masaharu SATO (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Ralph SCHEICHER (Michigan Tech. Univ., USA)
Ryoichi SEKI (California State Univ., Northridge, USA)
Hexi SHI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) - Mar. 31. 2014
Kouichirou SHIMOMURA (IMSS, KEK)
Ichiro SHIRAKI (Grad. Sch. Medi. & Eng. Sci., Univ. of Yamanashi)
Patrick STRASSER (IMSS, KEK)
Hiroyuki SUGAI (ASRC, JAEA)
Jun SUGIYAMA (Toyota Central R&D Labs.) - Mar. 31. 2014
Shukri SULAIMAN (USM,, Malaysia)
Hiroyuki SUZUKI (AKTD, NIMS)
Ken SUZUKI (SMI, Austria)
Soh SUZUKI (CRC, KEK)
Takao SUZUKI (Shibaura Inst. of Tech.)
Takatoshi SUZUKI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Yoshikazu TABATA (Grad, Sch. Eng. & Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Shigeru TAKAGI (Grad, Sch. Sci., Tohoku Univ.)
Kazuyuki TAKAI (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Tech.)
Nao TAKESHITA (NeRI, AIST)
Yoichi TANABE (WPI, Tohoku Univ.)
Manobu TANAKA (IPNS, KEK)
Hiroshi TANIDA (Grad. Sch. Adv. Sci. Matter, Hiroshima Univ.)
Harry TOM (UC Riverside, USA)
Dai TOMONO (Grad. Sch. of Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Eiko TORIKAI (Grad. Sch. Medi. & Eng. Sci., Univ. of Yamanashi)
Akihisa TOYODA (IPNS, KEK)
Kyo TSUKADA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Tohoku Univ.)
Satoshi TSUTSUI (JASRI) - Mar. 31. 2014
Masatomo UEHARA (Grad. Sch. Eng., Yokohama Natl.Univ.)
Kazuki UENO (IPNS, KEK)
Izumi UMEGAKI (Toyota Central R&D Labs.)
Helmut WEICK (GSI, Germany)
Eberhard WIDMANN (SMI, Vienna)
Zhuan XU (Zhejiang Univ. China)
Eiichi YAGI (Fac. Sci. & Eng., Waseda Univ.)
Yasuhiro YAMADA (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Ichihiro YAMAUCHI (IMSS, KEK) - Mar. 31. 2014
Toshimitsu YAMAZAKI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Koji YOKOYAMA (Queen Marry Univ., UK)
Makoto YOKOYAMA (Coll. Sci., Ibaraki Univ.)
Yutaka YOSHIDA (Fac of Sci. & Tech., Shizuoka Inst. Sci. & Tech.)
Masaru YOSOI (RCNP, Osaka Univ.)
Arkady YUKHINCHUK (VNIIEF, Russia)
Johann ZMESKAL (SMI, Austria)
Visting Technicians
Yuya FUJIWARA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Shinji KAI (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.)
Kazuo OOYAMA (JOHO com.)
Kunihiro SHIMA (Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K.)
Research Consultants
Yoshinori AKAISHIAtsuko ITO
Masayasu KAMIMURA- 349 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Hironari MIYAZAWA
Junior Research Associates
Hirotomo HAMANO (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013 Sohtaro KANDA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo) Apr. 1, 2013 – Mar. 31, 2014
Yuki NOZAWA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Yuta SADA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Makoto TOKUDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Tech.) - Mar. 31, 2013
International Program Associates
Noraina Binti ADAM (USM, Malaysia) Feb. 15, 2014 Budi ADIPERDANA (UNPAD, Indonesia) - Nov. 29, 2013
Hanjie GUO (Zhejiang Univ., China) - Dec. 20, 2013
Edi SUPRAYOGA (Bandung Inst. Tech., Indonesia) Apr. 1, 2013 Zhang QI (Lanzhou Univ., China) Feb. 3,2013 Student Trainees
Malik Anjelh BAQIYA (Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ.)
Shun ENOMOTO (Grad, Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Kenji FUJIMURA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Ibaraki Univ.)
Daisuke FURUSAWA (Grad. Sch. Eng., Kyoto Univ.)
Yoshiyuki FURUYA (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. Sci.)
Hanjie GUO (Zhejiang Univ., China)
Tadashi HASHIMOTO (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Fuminao HOSOMI (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Suguru IGARASHI (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Takuya INABE (Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ.)
Kentaro INOUE (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Wataru ITO (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Richika KATO (Grad. Sch. Sci., ICU)
Shingo KAWASAKI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Taehyung KIM (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Toyama)
Ryo KITAMURA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Hiroaki KOBAYASHI (Grad. Sch. Arts & Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Sajjad MARI (IUT, Iran)
Kazuki MATSUI (Fac. Sci.& Tech., Sophia Univ.)
Go MISHIMA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Ryo MIYATANI (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. oｆ Sci.)
Saidah Sakinah bt MOHD JAJUDIN (Univ. Saints Malaysia, Malaysia)
Yohei MURAKAMI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Daiki NATORI (Fac. Info & Eng., Univ. of Elec.-Com.)
Takahiro NISHI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Ayumi OCHIAI (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. oｆ Sci.)
Shinji OGAWA (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Kaori OTAKE (Coll. of Liberal Arts, ICU)
Anba Datt PANT (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Yamanashi Univ.)
Ainul Fauzeeha Binti ROZLAN (Univ. Saints Malaysia, Malaysia)
Yuta SADA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Daisuke SAKATE (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng. Saitama Univ.)
Yukiko SATO (Fac. Info. & Eng., Univ. of Elec.-Com.)He Xi SHI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Kazuma SHIGA (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
Ryo SHIMIZU (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. of Sci.)
SUNARYONO (ITS, Indonesia)
Edi SUPRAYOGA (ITB, Indonesia)
Miho SATOU (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. Sci.)
Kensuke SUZUKI (Grad. Grad. Sch. Eng., Tohoku Univ.)
Masato SUZUKI (Fac. Info. & Eng., Univ. of Elec.-Com.)
Kenichi TANABE (Fac. Sci., Tokyo Univ. Sci.)
Yoshiki TANAKA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Hiroki TAKEDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Ahmad TANFIQ (ITS, Indonesia)
Makoto TOKUDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Inst. of Tech.)
Shotaro TANIGAWA (Fac. Info. & Eng., Univ. of Elec.-Com.)
Natsuki TOMIDA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Yuni WATANABE (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Takumi YAMAGA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Osaka Univ.)
Hiroyuki YAMADA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)- 350 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Hiroki YAMAKAMI (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.)
Shingo YAMADA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Aoyama Gakuin Univ.)
Sungwon YOON (Catholic Univ., Korea)
Xingliang XU (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Saga Univ.)
Ruidong ZHU (Fac. Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Part-time Workers
Toshihiko HIRAIWA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yuko KATO (Grad. Sch., Tokyo Gakugei Univ.) Mar. 21, 2013 – Sep. 30, 2013
Yuta SADA (Grad. Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013 – Mar. 31, 2014
Makoto TOKUDA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Eng., Tokyo Inst. of Tech.) Apr. 1, 2013 Assistants
Yoko FUJITA
Yuri TSUBURAI- 351 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN-BNL Research Center
1. Abstract

The RIKEN BNL Research Center was established in April 1997 at Brookhaven National Laboratory with Professor T. D. Lee ofColumbia University as its initial Director. It is funded by the Rikagaku Kenkyusho (RIKEN, The Institute of Physical and Chemical
Research) of Japan. The Center is dedicated to the study of strong interactions, including spin physics, lattice QCD and RHIC physics
through the nurturing of a new generation of young physicists. Professor Lee was succeed by BNL Distinguished Scientist, N. P. Samios,
who served until 2013. The current director is Dr. S. H. Aronson. Support for RBRC was initially for five years and has been renewed threetimes, and presently extends to 2018. The Center is located in the Physics Department. The RBRC Theory Group activities are closely andintimately related to those of the Nuclear Theory, High Energy Theory, and Lattice Gauge Theory Groups at BNL. The RBRC
Experimental Group works closely with the DOE RHIC Spin Group, the RIKEN Spin Group at BNL, and the PHENIX heavy ion groups.
BNL provides office space, management, and administrative support. In addition, the Computer Science Center (CS) and Information
Technology Division (ITD) at BNL provides support for computing, particularly the operation and technical support for the RBRC 400
Teraflop QCDCQ (QCD Chiral Quark) lattice gauge theory computer. The Deputy Director of RBRC is R. Pisarski (BNL). L. McLerran(BNL) is leader of the Theory Group. Y. Akiba (RIKEN) is Experimental Group leader with A. Deshpande (Stony Brook) deputy. T.
Izubuchi (BNL) is Computing Group leader.

2. Major Research Subjects

Major research subjects of the theory group are(1) Heavy Ion Collision(2) Perturbative QCD(3) Phenomenological QCD
Major research subjects of the computing group are(1) Search for new law of physics through tests for Standard Model of particle and nuclear physics(2) Dynamics of QCD and related theories(3) Theoretical and algorithmic development for lattice field theories, QCD machine design
Major research subject of the experimental group are(1) Experimental Studies of the Spin Structure of the Nucleon(2) Study of Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC
(3) PHENIX detector upgrades

3. Summary of Research Activity

Summary of Research Activities of the three groups of the Center are given in the sections of each group.
Director
Samuel H. ARONSON (Ph. D)
Deputy Director
Robert PISARSKI (Ph. D)
Administrative Staff
Mituru KISHIMOTO (Administration Manager, Accelerator-based Research Promotion Section)
Kazunori MABUCHI (Deputy Administration Manager, RBRC)
Colleen MICHAEL (Secretary)
Taeko ITO (Assistant to Account Manager for Administration)- 352 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN-BNL Research Center
Theory Group
1. Abstract

The efforts of the RBRC theory group are concentrated on the major topics of interest in High Energy Nuclear Physics. This includes:
understanding of the Quark-Gluon Plasma; the nature of dense quark matter; the initial state in high energy collisions, the Color Glass
Condensate; its evolution through a Glasma; spin physics, as is relevant for polarized hadronic collisions; physics relevant toelectron-hadron collisions.
Theory Group hosted many joint tenure track positions with universities in U.S. and Japan.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Heavy Ion Collision
Perturbative QCD
Phenomenological QCD

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Spin Physics

The experimental program at RBRC is strongly focused on determining the origin of spin in the proton and neutron. To extract the spin
content of nucleon requires both precise data and precise computation. Dr. Jianwei Qiu of the Nuclear Theory group is one of the world’s
leading theorists in perturbative QCD, and leading the effort at BNL in spin physics. Their effort will continue to concentrate on computing
perturbative QCD effects to sufficient precision that one can reliably extract information from the evolving experimental program. In
addition they are developing ideas which might be tested in an electron-hadron collider, such as the one proposed to be built by adding anelectron ring to RHIC.

(2) Matter at High Energy Density

The RHIC experimental heavy ion program is designed to study the properties of matter at energy densities much greater than that of
atomic nuclei. This includes the initial state of nucleus-nucleus collisions, the Color Glass Condensate, the intermediate state to which it
evolves, the Glasma, and lastly the thermal state to which it evolves, the Quark-Gluon Plasma. Theorists at the RBRC have madeimportant contributions to all of these subjects.
Matter at high temperature has been studied by a variety of techniques involving both numerical and analytic methods. Much of thehigh precision work on numerical simulations of lattice QCD at nonzero temperature and density such matter have been done by membersof the Lattice Gauge Theory Group at BNL, including Frithjof Karsch, Peter Petreczsky, Swagato Mukherjee, and postdoctoral assistants.
These groups, along with collaborators at Columbia University, the University of Bielefeld, and other groups, have computed numerous
properties of QCD in thermodynamic equilibrium. This includes the equation of state for physical quark masses, susceptibilies with respect
to quark chemical potentials, and transport coefficients.
Phenomenological theories of the Quark-Gluon Plasma, based upon results from lattice simulations, have been developed by R.
Pisarski of the Nuclear Theory Group, in collaboration with Dr. Y. Hidaka (previously of RBRC/BNL, and now a permanent member at
RIKEN in Waco), Shu Lin, Daisuke Sato, and other postdoctoral research assistants at RBRC/BNL.
The theory of the Color Glass Condensate and Glasma was largely developed by RBRC scientists. This theory has been successfully
applied to a wide variety of experimental results involving high energy collisions of hadrons, electrons and nuclei. There is recent data on
heavy ion collisions that are naturally explained by such matter, including data on proton (or deuteron) nucleus collisions. Much of theeffort here will be aimed towards excluding or verifying the Color Glass Condensate and Glasma hypothesis in RHIC and LHC
experiments.
Thermal matter at high temperature and baryon density has been traditionally conjectured to be of two phases: confined anddeconfined, with a direct correlation between deconfinement and the restoration of chiral symmetry. RBRC scientists have recently
conjectured a third phase, of quarkyonic matter. This is baryonic matter at energy densities very high compared to the QCD scale. It has apressure and energy density typical of quarks, yet it is confined. The name arises because it shares properties of confined baryonic matterwith unconfined quark matter. This hypothesis is new and predicts new classes of phenomena that might be observed in collisions of nucleiof relatively low energy at RHIC. There are a number of first principle theoretical issues also to be understood.
Efforts on RHIC phenomenology proceed on a broad front. Recent efforts include improving hydrodynamic computations using stateof the art equations of state derived from lattice gauge theory. Understanding the nature of matter at high baryon number density has
generated the idea of Quarkyonic Matter, that may have implications for an upcoming low energy run at RHIC and eventual experiments inthe future at FAIR and NICA. An issue being studied is the nature of mass generation and the breaking of translational invariance. A central
focus of work at RBRC, the Color Glass Condensate and the Glasma, matter that controls the high energy limit of QCD, is being realized inexperiments at RHIC. Much activity focuses on the relation between observations at LHC and the implications made at RHIC.

- 353 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Group Leader
Larry McLERRAN
Deputy Group Leader
Robert PISARSKI (concurrent)
Members
RHIC Physics Fellows
Adrian DUMITRU ( - Mar. 31, 2014 )Cecilia LUNARDINI (-Mar. 31, 2013)
Anna STASTO (-Mar. 31, 2013)
Jinfeng LIAO
Fedor BEZRUKOV
HoUng YEE
Research Associates
Adam BZDAK
Daniel PITONYAK (Sep. 3, 2013 - )Shu LIN (RIKEN FPR)
Sergey SYRITSYN (RIKEN FPR) ( Oct. 1, 2013-)
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Koji KASHIWA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Akihiko MONNAI (Apr. 1, 2013-)
Visiting Scientists
Taku IZUBUCHI (RBRC Computing Group)
Miklos GYULASSY
Robert L. JAFFE
Edward SHURYAK
Testufumi HIRANO
Feng YUAN
Secretarial Staff
Pamela ESPOSITO (Theory Group Secretary)- 354 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN-BNL Research Center
Computing Group
1. Abstract

The computing group founded in 2011 as a part of the RIKEN BNL Research Center established at Brookhaven National Laboratory
in New York, USA, and dedicated to conduct researches and developments for large scale physics computations important for particle andnuclear physics. The group was forked from the RBRC Theory Group.
The main mission of the group is to provide important numerical information that is indispensable for theoretical interpretation ofexperimental data using the theories of particle and nuclear physics. Their primary area of research is lattice quantum chromodynamics(QCD), which describes the sub-atomic structures of hadrons, which allow us the ab-initio investigation for strongly interacting quantum
field theories beyond pertrubative analysis.
The RBRC group and its collaborators have emphasized the necessity and importance of precision calculations, which will precisely
check the current understandings of nature, and will have a potential to find a physics beyond the current standard model of fundamental
physics. We have therefore adopted techniques that aim to control and reduce any systematic errors. This approach has yielded many
reliable results.
The areas of the major activities are R&D for high performance computers, developments for computing algorithms, and researches ofparticle, nuclear, and lattice theories. Since the inception of RBRC, many breakthroughs and pioneering works has carried out incomputational forefronts. These are the use of the domain-wall fermions, which preserve chiral symmetry, a key symmetry forunderstanding nature of particle nuclear physics, the three generations of QCD devoted supercomputers, pioneering works for QCD
calculation for Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa theory, QCD+QED simulation for isospin breaking, novel algorithm for error reduction in
general lattice calculation. Now the chiral quark simulation is performed at the physical up, down quark mass, the precision for many basic
quantities reached to accuracy of sub-percent, and the group is aiming for further important and challenging calculations, such as the fulland complete calaution for K→ππ decay, ε’/ε, or hadronic contributions go muon’s anomalous magnetic moment, or Nucleon’s shape andstructures.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)

(2)
(3)

Search for new law of physics through tests for Standard Model of particle and nuclear physics, especially in the framework of the
Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM), hadronic contributions to the muon's anomalous magnetic moment (g-2).
Dynamics of QCD and related theories, including study for the structures of nucleons
Theoretical and algorithmic development for lattice field theories, QCD machine design

3. Summary of Research Activity

In 2011, QCD with Chiral Quarks (QCDCQ), a third-generation lattice QCD computer that is a pre-commercial version of IBM’s Blue
Gene/Q, was installed as an in-house computing resource at the RBRC. The computer was developed by collaboration among RBRC,
Columbia University, the University of Edinburgh, and IBM. Two racks of QCDCQ having a peak computing power of 2 × 200 TFLOPS
are in operation at the RBRC. In addition to the RBRC machine, one rack of QCDCQ is owned by BNL for wider use for scientificcomputing. In 2013, 1/2 rack of Blue Gene/Q is also installed by US-wide lattice QCD collaboration, USQCD. The group has also used the
IBM Blue Gene supercomputers located at Argonne National Laboratory and BNL (NY Blue), and RICC, the cluster computers at RIKEN(Japan), Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the Jefferson Lab, and others.
Such computing power enables the group to perform precise calculations using up, down, and strange quark flavors with proper
handling of the important symmetry, called chiral symmetry, that quarks have. Several projects are ongoing: flavor physics in theframework of the CKM theory for kaons and B mesons; the electromagnetic properties of hadrons; hadronic contributions to the muon’s
anomalous magnetic moment; the proton’s and neutron’s electric dipole moments; proton decay; nucleon form factors, which are related tothe proton spin problem; and QCD thermodynamics in finite temperature/density systems such as those produced in heavy-ion collisions at
the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. Major breakthroughs on important problems such as the direct CP violation process (K  , / ) will
be attempted using this computer.
The RBRC group and its collaborators have emphasized the necessity and importance of precision calculations, which will precisely
check the current understandings of nature, and will have a potential to find physics beyond the current standard model of fundamental
physics. We have therefore adopted techniques that aim to control and reduce any systematic errors. This approach has yielded many
reliable results.
The group also delivers an algorithmic breakthrough, which speed up generic lattice gauge theory computation typically by a factor of
20 or more. In this novel technique called All Mode Averaging (AMA), the whole calculation is divided into frequent approximatedcalculations, and infrequent expensive and accurate calculation using lattice symmetries.

- 355 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Fig. The rack, motherboard, and chips of QCDCQGroup Leader
Taku IZUBUCHI
Members
RIKEN BNL Fellow
Tomomi ISHIKAWA ( Apr. 1,2013 - )RHIC Physics Fellow
Brian TIBURZI
Ethan NEIL (Sep. 1, 2013 - )Research Associates
Eigo SHINTANI ( - Sep. 30, 2013)
Christoph LEHNER (RIKEN FPR)
Christopher KELLY (RIKEN FPR)(Sep. 1,2013-)
Visiting Scientists
Robert MAWHINNEY (Columbia Univ., USA)
Shigemi OHTA (KEK)
Yasumichi AOKI (Nagoya Univ.) Apr. 1, 2013Meifeng LIN (Yale Univ.) Apr. 1,2013Hyung-Jin KIM (BNL)
Chulwoo JUNG (BNL)
Takeshi YAMAZAKI (Nagoya Univ.)
Thomas Blum ( University of Connecticut)- 356 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN-BNL Research Center
Experimental Group
1. Abstract

RIKEN BNL Research Center (RBRC) Experimental Group studies the strong interactions (QCD) using RHIC accelerator at
Brookhaven National Laboratory, the world first heavy ion collider and polarized p+p collider. We have three major activities: Spin Physics
at RHIC, Heavy ion physics at RHIC, and detector upgrades of PHENIX experiment at RHIC. We study the spin structure of the proton
using the polarized proton-proton collisions at RHIC. This program has been promoted by RIKEN’s leadership. The first focus of theresearch is to measure the gluon spin contribution to the proton spin. Our recent data analysis has shown that the proton spin carried by thegluons is small, which is a very striking finding beyond our expectations. The aim of Heavy ion physics at RHIC is to re-create Quark
Gluon Plasma (QGP), the state of Universe just after the Big Bang. Two important discoveries, jet quenching effect and strong elliptic
flows, have established that new state of dense matter is indeed produced in heavy ion collisions at RHIC. We are now studying theproperty of the matter. Recently, we have measured direct photons in Au+Au collisions for 1<pT<3 GeV/c, where thermal radiation fromhot QGP is expected to dominate. The comparison between the data and theory calculations indicates that the initial temperature of 300
MeV to 600 MeV is achieved. These values are well above the transition temperature to QGP, which is calculated to be approximately 170
MeV by lattice QCD calculations.
We have major roles in detector upgrades of PHENIX experiment, namely, the silicon vertex tracker (VTX) and muon trigger
upgrades. Both of the upgrade is now complete. VTX detector was installed in PHENIX in 2011 and we are taking data since then. Muon
trigger was complete and it was essential for W measurement in 2013.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Experimental Studies of the Spin Structure of the Nucleon
Study of Quark-Gluon Plasma at RHIC
PHENIX detector upgrades

3. Summary of Research Activity

We study the strong interactions (QCD) using the RHIC accelerator at Brookhaven National Laboratory, the world first heavy ion
collider and polarized p+p collider. We have three major activities: Spin Physics at RHIC, Heavy ion physics at RHIC, and detector
upgrades of PHENIX experiment.
(1) Experimental study of spin structure of proton using RHIC polarized proton collider
How is the spin of proton formed with 3 quarks and gluons? This is a very fundamental question in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD),
the theory of the strong nuclear forces. The RHIC Spin Project has been established as an international collaboration between RIKEN and
Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) to solve this problem by colliding two polarized protons for the first time in history. This project
also has extended the physics capabilities of RHIC.
The first goal of the Spin Physics program at RHIC is to determine the gluon contribution to proton spin. It is known that the spin ofquark accounts for only 25% of proton spin. The remaining 75% should be carried either by the spin of gluons or the orbital angularmomentum of quarks and gluons. One of the main goals of the RHIC spin program has been to determine the gluon spin contribution.
Before the start of RHIC, there was little experimental constraint on the gluon polarization,G.
PHENIX measures the double helicity asymmetry (ALL) of 0 production to determine the gluon polarization. Our publication from2006 run has shown that the gluon polarization in the proton is small and only about half of proton spin can be accounted by gluon spin in
the measured region of gluon momentum in proton. Figure 1 shows our most recent results of 0 ALL measurement, which has justsubmitted to Physical Review D. The figure shows the combined results of RUN5, RUN6, and RUN9. The new data give even stronger
constraint on the gluon spin. RBRC exp. G led the gluon spin analysis in PHENIX. K. Bolye, a fellow of RBRC experimental group has amajor role in this paper.
RHIC achieved polarized p+p collisions at 500 GeV in 2009. The collision energy increased to 510 GeV in 2012 and 2013. We haverecorded The main goal of these high energy p+p run is to measure anti-quark polarization via single spin asymmetry AL of the W boson
production. We have published the first results on We measurement at mid-rapidty from 2009 dataset in 2011. We upgraded the muon
trigger system to measure Wm decays in the forward direction. With the measurement of W e and W, we can cover a wide
kinematic range in anti-quark polarization measurement. The 2013 run is the main spin run at 510 GeV. PHENIX has recorded more than
150/pb of data in the run. Combined with the datasets in 2009 (8.6/pb), 2011(18/pb), and 2012(~30/pb), we will have a definite
measurement of anti-quark spin.
Figure 2 show the results of the AL measurement from the 510 GeV polarized proton run in 2012. This is approximately 1/5 of the datathat was recorded in the 2013 run. Much improved results are expected in the combined data set. The analysis of the data is in progress.

- 357 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Figure 1 Double spin asymmetry ALL in 0 production as function of transverse momentum pT compared withexpectations for different gluon polarization G(x). Submitted to Physical Review D (arXiv:1402.6296 (2014)).

Figure 2 Single spin asymmetry AL of We and Wμ measured by PHENIX in the 2012 polarized proton run(2) Experimental study of Quark-Gluon Plasma using RHIC heavy-ion collider
The goal of high energy heavy ion physics at RHIC is study of QCD in extreme conditions i.e. at very high temperature and at very
high energy density. Experimental results from RHIC have established that dense partonic matter is formed in Au+Au collisions at RHIC.
The matter is very dense and opaque, and it has almost no viscosity and behaves like a perfect fluid. These conclusions are primarily basedon the following two discoveries:- 358 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

 Strong suppression of high transverse momentum hadrons in central Au+Au collisions (jet quenching) Strong elliptic flow
These results are summarized in PHENIX White paper, which has over 1700 citations to date.
The focus of the research in heavy ion physics at RHIC is now to investigate the properties of the matter. RBRC have played theleading roles in some of the most important results from PHENIX in the study of the matter properties. These include (1) measurements ofheavy quark production from the single electrons from heavy flavor decay (2) measurements of J/Psi production (3) measurements of
di-electron continuum and (4) measurements of direct photons.
The most important recent result is the measurement of direct photons for 1<pT<5 GeV/c in p+p and Au+Au through their internalconversion to e+e- pairs. If the dense partonic matter formed at RHIC is thermalized, it should emit thermal photons. Observation ofthermal photon is direct evidence of early thermalization, and we can determine the initial temperature of the matter. It is predicted that
thermal photons from QGP phase is the dominant source of direct photons for 1<pT<3 GeV/c at the RHIC energy. We measured the direct
photon in this pT region from measurements of quasi-real virtual photons that decays into low-mass e+e- pairs. Strong enhancement of
direct photon yield in Au+Au over the scaled p+p data has been observed. Several hydrodynamical models can reproduce the central Au+A
data within a factor of two. These models assume formation of a hot system with initial temperature of Tinit = 300 MeV to 600 MeV. Thisis the first measurement of initial temperature of quark gluon plasma formed at RHIC. These results are recently published in PhysicalReview Letters. Y. Akiba is the leading person of the analysis and the main author of the paper. He received 2011 Nishina memorial Prizemainly based on this work.

Figure 3 Invariant cross section (p+p) and invariant yield (Au+Au) of direct photons as function of pT. Published inPhys. Rev. Lett. 104, 132301 (2010).
(3) PHENIX detector upgrade
The group has major roles in several PHENIX detector upgrades, namely, the silicon vertex tracker (VTX) and muon trigger upgrades.
VTX is a high precision charged particle tracker made of 4 layers of silicon detectors. It is jointly funded by RIKEN and the US DOE.
The inner two layers are silicon pixel detectors and the outer two layers are silicon strip detectors. Y. Akiba is the project manager and A.
Deshpande is the strip system manager. The VTX detector was completed in November 2010 and subsequently installed in PHENIX. The
detector started taking data in the 2011 run. With the new detector, we are measuring heavy quark (charm and bottom) production in p+p,
A+A collisions to study the properties of quark-gluon plasma.
Muon trigger upgrades are needed for W measurement at 500 GeV. New trigger electronics (Muon Trigger FEE) and new Muon
trigger detectors using RPC technology were installed in PHENIX muon arms. Additional hadron absorbers were installed in front of themuon arms to reduce the background. These upgrades were essential for the high statistic W measurement in 2013 run. Over 150/pb ofdata was recorded in the run. I. Nakagawa is the leading person of the installation of the Muon Trigger FEE, and R. Seidl have major role in
the RPC project. He is also leading the W analysis.

- 359 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Figure 4 Left: a picture of West half of VTX detector installed in PHENIX experiment. The interior of the detector canbe seen. Right: The VTX detector completed with all cables, cooling tubes and dry gas connections.

Group Leader
Yasuyuki AKIBA
Deputy Group Leader
Abhay DESHPANDE
Members
Yuji GOTO (concurrent)
Itaru NAKAGAWA (concurrent)
Takashi ICHIHARA (concurrent)
Atsushi TAKETANI (concurrent)
Yasushi WATANABE (concurrent)
Satoshi YOKKAICHI (concurrent)
RIKEN BNL Fellows
Kieran BOYLE
Josef SEELE ( - Feb. 7, 2014)
RHIC Physics Fellows
Stefan BATHE
Xiaorong WANG
Research Associates
John KOSTER (RIKEN FPR) ( - May 23, 2013)
Chin-Hao CHEN
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Maki KUROSAWA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Members
Zheng LEE (BNL)
Kiyoshi TANIDA (Seoul Univ.)
Akio OGAWA (BNL)
Masahiro OKAMURA (BNL)
Rachid NOUICER (BNL)
Ady HERSHCOVITCH (BNL)InternMinjung KIM ( - Jun. 10, 2013)- 360 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sub Nuclear System Research Division
RIKEN Facility Office at RAL
1. Abstract

Our core activities are based on the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility located at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (UK), which provides
intense pulsed-muon beam. Muons have their own spins with 100% polarization, and can detect very precisely local magnetic fields andtheir fluctuations at muon stopping sites. The method to study characteristic of materials by observing time dependent changes of muon
spin polarization is called “Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (μSR method), and is applied to studies of electro-magnetic
proerties of insulating, metallic, magnetic, superconducting systems. Muons reveal static and dynamic properties of electronic state ofmaterials in the zero-field condition which is the ideal magnetic condition for reasearches on the magnetism. We have carried out μSR
investigations on frustrated organic system which has a triangular spin network. We found the one dimensional properties of the spin-spincorrelations in the system. This proves the first example which has the one-dimensional resonating spin state in real materials.
Positive muon beam with thermal energy has been produced by laser ionization of muoniums (bound system of mu+ and electron)
emitted from hot tungsten surface with stopping surface muon beam at Port-3. The ultra-slow muon beam can be stopped in thin foils,
multi-layered materials and artificial lattices and we can apply the μSR techniques to surface and interface science. The development of
ultra-slow muon beam is also very important as the source of ultra-cold (pencil-like small emittance) muon beam for muon g-2
measurement. We have been developing muonium generators to create more muoniums in vacuum even at room temperature. Very recently,
we demonstrated tremendous increase of the muonium emission efficiency by fabricating fine laser drill-holes on the surface of silica
aerogel. We also developed a high power Lyman-alpha laser in collaboration with laser group at RIKEN. The new laser will ionize
muoniums 100 times more efficiently for slow muon beam generation.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Materials science by muon-spin-relaxation method
Hyperfine interactions at muon sites studied by the computation science
Nuclear and particle physics studies via muonic atoms and ultra cold muon beam

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Material Science at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility
Muons have their own spins with 100% polarization, and can detect very precisely local magnetic fields and their fluctuations at muon
stopping sites. The method to study characteristic of materials by observing time dependent changes of muon spin polarization is called“Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation and Resonance (SR method), and is applied to studies of newly fabricated materials. Muons with theirown spin polarization enable us to conduct (1) material studies under external zero field condition, (2) magnetism studies with samples
without nuclear spins, and (3) measurements of muon spin relaxation changes at wide temperature range with same detection sensitivity.
The detection time range of local field fluctuations by SR is 10-6 to 10-11 second, which is medium region between neutron scattering
method (10-10-10-12 second) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) (longer than 10-6 second). At port-2 of the RIKEN-RAL Muon
Facility, we have been performing SR researches on newly fabricated strong correlated-electron systems, organic molecules and biologicalsamples to study electron structures, superconductivity, magnetism, molecular structures and crystal structures.
In the period from 2011 to 2013, we have obtained excellent results, and the highlights are listed in the following,1) One-dimensional diffusive motion of spin-excited states in the spin liquid state of molecular magnet, EtMe3Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2
2) Static ordering of small Ir moments in the pyrochlore iridate, Nd2Ir2O73) Static ordering of Yb moment on the corner of the pyrochlore structure of Yb2Ti2O7 which can be explained by the Higgs mechanism.
4) Spontaneous small static internal fields in the superconducting state of URu2Si2.
5) Universality class of the Mott transition in EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2.
6) Finding new muon sites in La2CuO4 and success to explain those sites from the potential view point on the basis of a newly developed
calculation method taking into account an effect of the special distribution of Cu spin.
7) International collaborations to organize new SR experiments and to develop a group to work on muon-site calculations by using
computational technique.
Soft matters with small spins like organic molecules are now good target for the pulsed muon beam to be applied. The
one-dimensional diffusive motion in the two-dimensional crystal structure has been observed. This indicates a strong possibility to observe
the one-dimensional RVB state appears in the frustrated spin liquid state in organic molecules (result-1). Solid observations of a static
magnetically ordered state of corner-shared magnetic moments on pyrochlore systems gave us new interpretations to understand exotic
phenomena (result-2 and 3). We measured an increase of static internal fields at the muon site in the zero-field condition just below thesuperconducting transition temperature of URu2Si2. This could give a light on the mechanism of the superconductivity which has been along-standing problem of this system (result-4). We have been developing gas-pressurized high-pressure apparatus which can be not only
be used for SR but also other purposes. We have applied this pressure system to EtMe3P[Pd(dmit)2]2 and have found that pressure
dependent resistivity and thermoelectric effect measurements have shown that the Mott transition belongs to the Ising universality classeven in two-dimensional states (result-5). Well known and deeply investigate La2CuO4 did open a new scheme of the Cu spin. Taking into
account the effect of the distribution of Cu spin, we succeeded to explain newly found muon sites and hyperfine fields at those sites(result-6). We have been very keen to develop muon activities in Asian countries. We have formed MOU with Universiti Sains Malaysia(USM) in order to develop activities on the muon-site calculation. We have newly started to collaborate in SR experiments on strongly- 361 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

correlated systems with researchers from Taiwan and Korea including the student acceptance (result-7).
A new μSR spectrometer “Chronus” which has finely multi-segmented forward and backward μ-e counter arrays (303 counters each)is now being used for real muon experiments. Software systems which control the data acquisition and experimental conditions are well
working in Port-4. The same data acquisition system with that being used in the ISIS muon facility (DAE-III) was adopted. Muon signals
more than 70 million events per hour have been recorded even in the single-pulse mode by using DAE-III system in Port-4.
(2) Ultra Slow (low energy) Muon Beam Generation and Applications
Positive muon beam with thermal energy has been produced by laser ionization of muoniums (bound system of + and electron)
emitted from hot tungsten surface with stopping surface muon beam at Port-3. The method generates positive muon beam with accelerationenergy from several 100 eV to several 10 keV, small beam size (a few mm) and good time resolution (less than 8 nsec). By stopping theultra-slow muon beam in thin foils, multi-layered materials and artificial lattices, we can precisely measure local magnetic field in thematerials, and apply the SR techniques to surface and interface science. Since there has been no appropriate probe to study magnetism at
surface and interface, the ultra-slow muon beam will open a new area of these research fields. In addition, the development of ultra-slow
muon beam is very important as the source of ultra-cold (pencil-like small emittance) muon beam for muon g-2 measurement.
It is essential to increase the slow muon beam production efficiency by 100 times for these applications. There are three key
techniques in ultra-slow muon generation: production of thermal muonium, high intensity Lyman-alpha laser and the ultra-slow muon beamline.
In the period from 2011 to 2013, we developed a high power Lyman-alpha laser in collaboration with laser group at RIKEN. The newlaser will ionize muoniums 100 times more efficiently for slow muon beam generation. This development was funded mostly by the
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas "Frontier in Materials, Life and Particle Science Explored by Ultra Slow Muon
Microscope". This Grant-in-Aid research group is a complex of research institutions from universities together with J-PARC muon group
and RIKEN. Therefore, the new laser system should be installed to J-PARC slow muon beam line. On the other hand, we succeeded tosynthesize novel ceramic-based Nd:YGAG crystal in this development, and this crystal can also be applicable to the flash-lamp based
Lyman-alpha laser system of RIKEN-RAL to realize substantial improvement of the laser power at a much reduced cost based on theexperiences.
Another plan in 2011-2013 was to achieve drastic improvements in the ultra-slow muon source with much reduced emittance. We havebeen developing muonium generators to create more muoniums in vacuum even at room temperature. Very recently, we demonstrated
tremendous increase of the muonium emission efficiency by fabricating fine laser drill-holes on the surface of silica aerogel. The
measurement was carried out at TRIUMF in collaboration with J-PARC muon g-2 group. Analysis is in progress and the result will be
published soon. We believe that the better efficiency and beam quality can be achieved in ultra-slow muon generation by using this new
muonium source.
Based on these two new key components, we are planning to feed these new techniques to RIKEN-RAL ultra-slow muon beam line torealize further development of ultra-slow muon technology. The present muonium production target section, which had been designed with
hot tungsten, will be rebuilt to use advantage of the new room temperature target, such as no need of thermal shielding etc. Also, we adopt
an all-cylindrical beam-transport design, because of its simpler optics and better manufacture precision, which will contribute to theultimate cold muon source required for muon g-2. We plan the construction and testing be finished in time for the RIKEN-RAL muon beam
recovery in Feb 2015 after ISIS shutdown.
(3) Other topics
Muon catalyzed fusion has been one of the main subject of studies since the start of the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility. It has produced
many new results by using the advantage of the high-intensity pulsed muon beam and the advanced tritium handling facility as wasreported in previous RIKEN-RAL IACs. Even though, huge increase of the catalysis rate that is enough for energy production is yet
difficult to achieve. Considering the limited funds and human resources maintaining the tritium facility, we plan the safe closure of thetritium facility well before 2018. We have started discussion of safe removal of the tritium handling facility. The decommissioning isplanned in early 2015.
New demand is emerging utilizing the muon beam for electronics chips radiation effect studies. Recent progress of semiconductor
devices has produced electronics chips with very fine structure. It is concerned that the single memory upset by the ionization effect of
single muon may result in malfunction or errors of advanced electronics. Muon is the main component of the cosmic ray in our ordinal lifeand difficult to be removed. Measurements are being performed at RIKEN-RAL to measure such an error rate. There is also measurement
to test the electronics chips in a condition equivalent to the high radiation environment in accelerator experiment.
A new proposal was submitted recently to measure the proton radius by using the hyperfine splitting of the 1S states of muonichydrogen. This is in contrast to the recent measurement at PSI using 2S-2P energy splitting. The hyperfine transition measurement needs ahigh intensity laser so it needs to be matched with pulsed muon beam. Design of the hydrogen target, the laser, and the detector is inprogress.
Director
Philip KING
MemberIsao WATANABE (concurrent)
Administration Manager
Mitsuru KISHIMOTO- 362 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
1. Abstract

This laboratory explores exotic nuclear structures and dynamics in exotic nuclei that have never been investigated before, such as
those with largely imbalanced proton and neutron numbers. Our aim is to develop new experimental techniques utilizing fast RI beams todiscover new phenomena and properties in exotic nuclei. Another important subject is the equation-of-state in asymmetric nuclear matter,and its association with the origin of elements and with neutron stars. For instance, we are making attempts to the better understandunderlying mechanism for exotic stability-enhancements of very neutron-rich fluorine isotopes, the large deformation of the nucleus Mg-34
with N=22 in spite of its vicinity to the N=20 magic neutron number and anomalous collectivity in C-16. We are further extending thesestudies to medium- and heavy-mass regions by developing facilities, detectors and unique methods at RIBF, thereby leading on thechallenging task to find new exotic phenomena. We also perform numerical simulations of nucleosynthesis under the environment ofcore-collapse supernovae, and moreover quest for footprints of supernovae and solar activities in the past, embedded in Antarctic ice core.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)

(2)
(3)

Study of structure and dynamics of exotic nuclei through developments of new tools in terms of reaction- and technique-based
methodology
Research on EOS in asymmetric nuclear matter via heavy-ion induced reactions
Detector developments for spectroscopy and reaction studies

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) In-beam gamma spectroscopy
In the medium and heavy mass region explored at RIBF, collective natures of nuclei are one of important subjects, which are obtained
through production and observation of high excited and high spin states. To populate such states, heavy-ion induced reactions such as
fragmentation, fission are useful. So far, we have developed two-step fragmentation method as an efficient method to identify and populate
excited states, and lifetime measurements to deduce transition strength.
Devices utilized for the in-beam gamma spectroscopy are ZeroDegree Spectrometer (ZDS) and a NaI array DALI2. Since the end of
2008, the first spectroscopy on nuclei island-of-inversion region was performed, we have explored step-by-step new and unknown regionsin the nuclear chart. The second campaign in 2009 was organized to study background components originating from atomic processes in aheavy target. Neutron-rich nuclei at N=20 to 28 were studied in 2010. In 2011-2013, we conducted experiment programs for Ca-54, Ni-78,
neutron-rich nuclei at N=82 and neutron-deficient nuclei at Z=50.
A multitude of data obtained with inelastic, nucleon knock-out, fragmentation channels have been analyzed and published. In
2011-2013, collective natures of Mg-36, 38 and Si-42 were both published in PRL. Excited states firstly observed in Ca-54 were reported in
Nature to demonstrate a new nuclear magic number of 34. Fragmentation reaction has been found efficient for nuclei with A>100 and
low-lying excited state in Pd-126 has been successfully observed and reported in PRC.
To further strengthen the in-beam gamma spectroscopy at RIBF, we have proposed a new setup of MINOS + DALI2 to search for the
1st excited states in even-even neutron-rich nuclei with Z~20 to 40. The program was submitted to the PAC 2013 as a new category“proposal for scientific program” and was S-ranked. A dedicated collaboration “SEASTAR” has been established as a subset of in-beamgamma collaboration “SUNFLOWER”. The first campaign will be organized in April 2014 to study neutron-rich Cr, Fe and Ni isotopes.
Concerning a next generation detector, a construction proposal of a LaBr3 array “SHOGUN”, was submitted to the PAC 2009, and aninternational workshop was organized in Feb. 2011 to form the SHOGUN collaboration. A technical development with small sized crystals
is now in progress.
(2) Decay spectroscopy
Beta- and isomer-spectroscopy is an efficient method for studying nuclear structure, especially for non-yrast levels. We had
accumulated experimental techniques at the RIPS facility to investigate nuclear structure in light mass region via beta-gamma and beta-pcoincidence. Concerning the medium and heavy mass region available at RIBF, we have developed two position-sensitive active-stoppers,
strip-silicon detectors and a cylindrical active stopper called CAITEN, to achieve a low-background measurement by taking correlation
between heavy ion stop position and beta-ray emission position. A site of decay-spectroscopy at the new facility of RIBF is the final focal
plane of ZDS, where high precision of TOF in particle identification is obtained due to a long flight path from BigRIPS to ZDS.
At the end of 2009, the first decay spectroscopy was organized with a minimum setup of four clover gamma detectors and silicon strip
detectors, to study neutron-rich nuclei with A~110. The first campaign was found successful and efficient to publish four letter articles in
2011, two PRL’s and two PLB’s. One of the PRL papers is associated to the r-process path where half-lives for 18 neutron-rich nuclei were
determined for the first time. The other PRL paper reported a finding of deformed magic number 64 in the Zr isotopes.
The success of the first decay-spectroscopy campaign stimulated to form a new large-scale collaboration “EURICA”, where a twelve
Euroball cluster array is coupled with the silicon-strip detectors to enhance gamma efficiency by a factor of 10. A construction proposal of“EURICA” was approved in the PAC 2011, and the commissioning was successfully organized in spring 2012. Since then, physics runs
have been conducted for programs approved to survey nuclei of interest as many as possible, such as Ni-78, Pd-128, Sn-100. So far, threepapers, two PRL’s and one PRC, were published. One of the highlights is discovery of a seniority isomer in Pd-128, of which cascade
gamma decay gives the energy of 1st excited state and robustness of N=82 magic number.
Beta-delayed neutron emission probability of medium and heavy neutron-rich nuclei is important to understand nuclear structure andthe r-process path. In 2013, a new collaboration “BRIKEN” has been established to form a He-3 detector array. A present design of the- 363 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

array has neutron efficiency as high as 70% up to 3 MeV. The array will be coupled with the AIDA silicon strip system. A construction
proposal was approved at the PAC 2013 and physics proposals will be discussed at the PAC 2014.
The CAITEN detector was successfully tested with fragments produced with a Ca-48 beam in 2010.
(3) Equation-of-state via heavy-ion central collisions
Equation-of-state in asymmetric nuclear matter is one of major subjects in physics of exotic nuclei. Pi-plus and pi-minus yields incentral heavy ion collisions at the RIBF energy are considered as one of EOS sensitive observables at the RIBF energy. To observe charged
pions, a TPC for the SAMURAI spectrometer is being constructed under an international collaboration “SPiRIT”. Construction proposal
was submitted at the PAC 2012, and physics proposals were approved at the PAC 2012 and 2013. Physics runs are scheduled in 2015.
An international symposium “NuSYM” on nuclear symmetry energy was organized at RIKEN July 2010 to invite researchers in threesub-fields, nuclear structure, nuclear reaction and nuclear astrophysics, and to discuss nuclear symmetry energy together. Since then, thesymposium series have been held every year and been useful to encourage theoretical works and to strengthen the collaboration.
(4) Nucleon correlation and cluster in nuclei
Nucleon correlation and cluster in nuclei are matters of central focus in a “beyond mean-field” picture. The relevant programs within-beam gamma and missing-mass techniques are to depict nucleon condensations and correlations in nuclear media as a function of density
as well as temperature. Neutron-halo and –skin nuclei are objects to study dilute neutron matter at the surface. By changing excitationenergies in neutron-rich nuclei, clustering phenomena and role of neutrons are to be investigated.
In 2013, two programs were conducted at the SAMURAI spectrometer. One is related to proton-neutron correlation in the C-12
nucleus via p-n knockout reaction with a carbon target. The other is to search for a cluster state in C-16, which was populated via inelasticalpha scattering. The data is being analyzed.
(5) Nuclear data for nuclear waste of long-lived fission products
The nuclear waste problem is an inevitable subject in nuclear physics and nuclear engineering communities. Since the Chicago Pile
was established in 1942, nuclear energy has become one of major sources of energy. However, nowadays the nuclear waste produced atnuclear power plants has caused social problems. Minor actinide components of the waste have been studied well as a fuel in fast breeder
reactors or ADS. Long-lived fission products in waste, on the other hand, have not been studied extensively. A deep geological disposal has
been a policy of several governments, but it is difficult to find out location of the disposal station in terms of security, sociology and politics.
To solve the social problem, a scientific effort is necessary for nuclear physics community to find out efficient methods for reduction of
nuclear waste radioactivity.
In 2013, we have started up a new project to take nuclear data for transmutation of long-lived fission products to obtain cross section
data needed for designing a nuclear waste treatment system. In 2014, we will make the first attempt to measure fragmentation reaction datawith Cs-137 and Sr-90 beams at 200A MeV.
(6) Missing mass method
Missing mass technique is one of fundamental spectroscopy methods at RIBF. Detection of recoil particles from target is essential inexcitation energy determination of particle unbound states without any assumption of particle- and gamma-decay processes, and also giving
transfer angular momentum from the angular distribution measurement. We have developed a solid hydrogen target as well as a detector
system called ESPRI for proton-(in)elastic scattering. In 2010, the ESPRI system was placed at GSI to measure proton elastic scatteringwith Ni isotope beams. In addition, the first missing mass spectroscopy was performed at RIBF, where the start-of-art detector MUST2 wasinvited from France to investigate O-24 and its neighboring nuclei. The (p,2p) reaction study for the light neutron-rich nuclei was carriedout with the Kappa spectrometer installed at the new facility of RIBF.
The missing mass activity based on direct reactions has been moved to Spin-Isospin Laboratory in RNC since Uesaka was appointed
as a chief scientist in April 2011.
(7) Interdisciplinary study for nuclear astrophysics
To understand the origin of elements beyond ion, interdisciplinary works are important in linking data from nuclear physics programs.
In this respect, we did promote the ice core analysis activity to find out historical supernovae and to estimate event rates of supernovae.
This activity has been moved to Astro-Glaciology Research Unit in RNC since Motizuki was appointed as a unit leader in July 2011.
(8) Laser spectroscopy of radioactive isotope atoms
Electromagnetic moment is one of the most important quantities for studying nuclear structures because they are directly correlatedwith the quantum states and configurations of valence nucleons. Precision laser spectroscopy of radioisotope atoms (RI atoms) reveals
these nuclear properties through the measurement of atomic level structures affected by hyperfine interactions. We have been developing anovel laser spectroscopic method for RI atoms named “OROCHI (Optical RI-atom Observation in Condensed Helium as Ion-catcher).” It is
a combination of superfluid helium (He II) as a stopper of energetic RI beam with several tens MeV/u and in situ laser-microwave/-RF
double resonance spectroscopy of stopped RI atoms. We expect that this method is applicable to a wide variety of atomic species whose
yields are as low as 10 pps.
The laser spectroscopy activity has been moved to Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory in RNC since Ueno was appointed as a chief
scientist in April 2013.

- 364 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Head
Hiroyoshi SAKURAI (Chief Scientist; Deputy Director, RNC)
Members
Takashi ICHIHARA (Vice Chief Scientist)
Yoichi NAKAI (Senior Research Scientist)
Hideaki OTSU (Senior Research Scientist)
Takashi KISHIDA (Senior Research Scientist)
Shunji NISHIMURA (Senior Research Scientist)
Hiu Ching LEE (Research Scientist)
Tadaaki ISOBE (Research Scientist)
Pieter DOORNENBAL (Research Scientist)
Contract Researcher
Satoshi TAKEUCHI (Apr. 1, 2013 - )Foreign Postdoctoral Researchers
Giuseppe LORUSSO
Paer-Anders SOEDERSTROEM (Feb. 1, 2014 - )Postdoctoral Researchers
Paer-Anders SOEDERSTROEM (Oct. 18, 2013 – Jan. 31, 2014)
Paer-Anders SOEDERSTROEM (JSPS) ( - Oct. 17, 2013)
Ann-Kathrin PERREVOORT (JSPS) (Apr. 1, 2013 – Feb. 3, 2014)
Senior Visiting Scientists
Shigeru KUBONO (University of Tokyo)
Kengo OGAWA (Chiba Univ.)
Visiting Scientists
Nori AOI (RCNP, Osaka University)
Dam Nguyen BINH (Institue of Physicks, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology) - Mar. 31, 2013
Silivio CHERUBINI (University of Catania, Italy)
Alessia DI (INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Sud,Catania,Itary ) Jun. 1, 2013 – Mar. 31, 2014
Pierpaolo FIGUERA (INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Catania,Italy ) Jun. 1, 2013 – Mar. 31, 2014
Daiki NISHIMURA ( Tokyo University of Science )Mitsunori FUKUDA (Osaka University)
Adrian GELBERG (Universitat zu Köln, Germany) - Aug. 12, 2013
Mikhail GOLOVKOV (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR ) - Mar. 31, 2014
Andrey FOMICHEV (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR ) - Mar. 31, 2014
Atsushi HATAKEYAMA (Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology) - Mar. 31, 2014
Chuangye HE (China Institute of Atomic Energy) - Mar. 31, 2013
Byungsik HONG (Korea University ) Feb. 24, 2014 Kazuo IEKI (Rikkyo University)
Hyo Soon JUNG (University of Notre Dame )Le Hong KHIEM (Institue of Physicks, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology)
Nobuyuki KOBAYASHI (School of Science, the University of Tokyo )Yosuke KONDO (Tokyo Institute of Technology) -Mar. 31, 2013
Nikolaus Ludwig KURZ (GSI) -Mar. 31, 2013
Yukari MATSUO ( Hosei University )Indranil MAZUMDAR (GSI)
Takamasa MOMOSE (The University of British Columbia, Canada)
Tetsuya MURAKAMI (Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University)
Takashi NAKAMURA(Tokyo Institute of Technology) -Mar. 31, 2013
Megmi NIIKURA ( the University of Tokyo )Evgueni NIKOLSKI (RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute of General and Nuclear Physics, Russia)
Alexey OGLOBLIN (RRC Kurchatov Institute, Institute of General and Nuclear Physics, Russia)
Hooi Jing ONG (RCNP)
Naohiko OTSUKA (International Atomic Energy Agency, Austria)
Paul PAPKA (Department Fisika, Universiteit Stellenbosch) Aug. 1,2013 – Mar. 31, 2014
Toshiyuki SUMIKAMA (Tohoku University)
Maya TAKECHI (GSI) - Mar. 31, 2013
Xiaolong WANG (Kyoto Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2014
Hiroshi WATANABE ( Beihang University )Visiting Technician
Andrey BEZBAKH (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR) Sep. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Alexander KNYAZEV (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR) Sep. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014

- 365 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Ivan KOJOUHAROV (GSI Helmholtzzentrum fuer Schwerionenforschung GMBH)
Sergey KRUPKO (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR) Sep. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Sergey SIDORCHUK (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR) Sep. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Roman SLEPNEV (Flerov Lab. of Nuclear Reaction, JINR) Sep. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Research Associates
Mizuki NISHIMURA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Satoshi TAKEUCHI ( - Mar. 31, 2013)
Junior Research Associates
Shintaro GO - Mar. 31, 2014
Yoshiaki SHIGAInternational Program Associates
Xiaofei YANG (Peking Univ., China) -Feb. 16, 2014
Hongna LIU (Peking Univ., China)
Jin WUFrank BROWNE - Sep. 30, 2013
Zena PATEL Mar. 21, 2013 - Sep. 30, 2013
Simon RICE Mar. 31, 2013 – Jul. 7, 2014
William POWELL
Laura SINCLAIR Apr. 19, 2013 – Oct. 19, 2013
Daniel LUBOS May 22, 2013 – Dec. 14, 2013
Research Consultant
Masayasu ISHIHARA
Consultant
Tateaki TORIIPart-time worker
Zhengyu XU (- Mar. 31, 2014)
InternTakatoshi MATSUKURA (Tokyo Metropolitan College of Industrical Technology) Aug. 22, 2013 – Sep. 13, 2013
Student Trainees
Jin-hee CHANG (Korea University)
Rie DAIDO (Osaka University)
Justin ESTEE (Michigan State University)
Yifan FANG (Osaka University)
Tomomi FUJITA (Osaka University)
Lauren HEILBORN (Texas A&M University)
Hisaya HOTAKA (Tohoku Univ.)
Tomoki ISHIGAKI (Osaka University)
Rachel HODGES (Michigan State University)
Akira HOMMA (Niigata University)
Jongwon HWANG (Seoul National Univ.)
Kei IMAMURA (Meiji University)
Yasuto KAMISHOU (Osaka Univ.)
Masanori KANEKO (Kyoto University)
Sunji KIM (Soul Univ., Korea)
Shumpei KINNO (The Tokyo University of Science)
Kazuma KOBAYASHI (Rikkyo University)
Akihiro KOJIMA (Tohoku Univ.)
JungWoo LEE (Korean University)
Keishi MATSUI (The University of Tokyo)
Hideyuki MATSUZAWA (Rikkyo University)
Takuya MIYAZAKI (The University of Tokyo)
Yosuke MITSUYA (Meiji Univ.)
Satoru MOMIYAMA (The University of Tokyo)
Shouta MORIMOTO (Osaka University)
Yosuke MORITA (Osaka University)
Motoki MURATA (Kyoto University)
Daiki MUROOKA (Niigata University)
Kotomi MUTO (Tohoku Unversity)
Masayuki NAGASHIMA (Nigata University)
Junichi OHNO (Osaka University)- 366 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Noritsugu NAKATSUKA (Kyoto University)
Hiroki NISHIBATA (Osaka University)
Ippei NISHIZUKA (Tohoku University)
Masami SAKO (Kyoto University)
Philipp SCHROCK (Technical University Darmstadt)
Hirotaka SUZUKI (Osaka University)
Tadashi TAKO (Tohoku University)
Kohei TAKENAKA (Kyoto University)
Mana TANAKA (Osaka University)
Suwat TANGWANCHAROEN (Michigan State University)
Ryo TANIUCHI (The University of Tokyo)
Keisuke TASHIRO (Nigata University)
Takumi USUKURA (Rikkyo University)
He WANG (Peking University)
Daisuke WATANABE (The Tokyo University of Science)
Kouta WATANABE (Osaka University)
Jack WINKELBAUER (Michigan State University)
Zhengyu XU (The University of Tokyo)
Ayumi YAGI (Osaka University)
Tetsuya YAMAMOTO (Osaka University)
Shintoro YAMAOKA (Osaka University)
Takamasa YOSHIDA (Rikkyo University)
Kenta YOSHINAGA (The Tokyo University of Science)
Andrew ZARRELLA (Texas A&M University)
Yifan ZHU (The Tokyo University of Science)
Assistant
Yu NAYA
Tomoko FUJII ( - Mar. 31, 2013)- 367 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Spin isospin Laboratory
1. Abstract

The Spin Isospin Laboratory pursues research activities putting primary focus on interplay of spin and isospin in exotic nuclei.
Investigations on isospin dependences of nuclear equation of state, spin-isospin responses of exotic nuclei, occurrence of various
correlations at low-densities, evolution of spin-orbit coupling are main subjects along the line. One of our goals is to elucidate a variety of
nuclear phenomena in terms of interplay of spin and isospin.
Establishment of storage-ring science in Japan is another big goal of our laboratory. We are leading, in collaboration with the
Wakasugi group, the Rare RI Ring project to achieve precision mass measurement of r-process nuclei.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Direct reaction studies of neutron-matter equation of state
Study of spin-isospin responses with RI-beams
Production of spin polarized protons and its application to RI-beam experiments
R-process nucleosynthesis study with heavy-ion storage ring
Development of special targets for RI-beam experiments

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Direct reaction studies of neutron matter equation of state
Direct reactions induced by light-ions serve as powerful tools to investigate various aspects of nuclei. We are advancing experimental
programs to explore equation of state of neutron matter, via light-ion induced reactions with RI-beams.
(1-a) Determination of a neutron skin thickness by proton elastic scattering
A neutron skin thickness is known to have strong relevance to asymmetry terms of nuclear equation of state, especially to a term
proportional to density. The ESPRI project aims at determining density distributions in exotic nuclei precisely by proton elastic scattering at
200−300 MeV/nucleon. An experiment for 132Sn that is a flagship in this project is planned to be performed in 2015. Prior to the 132Sn
experiment, we have applied the ESPRI setup that consists of a solid hydrogen target and recoil proton detectors to 16C in 2012.
(1-b) Asymmetry terms in nuclear incompressibility
Nuclear incompressibility represents stiffness of nuclear matter. Incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter is determined to be
230±20 MeV, but its isospin dependence still has a large uncertainty at present. A direct approach to the incompressibility of asymmetricnuclear matter is an experimental determination of energies of isoscalar giant monopole resonances (GMR) in heavy nuclei. We havedeveloped, in close collaboration with Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) of University of Tokyo, an active gas target for deuteron inelastic
scattering experiments to determine GMR energies. The active gas target has been already tested with oxygen and xenon beams at HIMAC
and will be applied to a 132Sn experiment in 2015.
(1-c) Multi-neutron andα-cluster correlations at low densities
Occurrences of multi-neutron andα-cluster correlations are other interesting aspects of nuclear matter and define its low-density
behavior. The multi-neutron andα-cluster correlations can be investigated with the large-acceptance SAMURAI spectrometer. The
SAMURAI has been already applied to experiments to explore light neutron-rich nuclei close to the dripline. We plan to reinforce
experimental capabilities of the SAMURAI by introducing advanced devices such as MINOS (Saclay) and NeuLAND (GSI).
(1-d) Fission barrier heights in neutron-rich heavy nuclei
The symmetry energy has a strong influence on fission barrier heights in neutron-rich nuclei. Knowledge on the fission barrier heights,
which is quite poor at present, is quite important for our proper understanding on termination of the r-process. We are planning to perform,in collaboration with the TU Munich group, (p,2p)-delayed fission experiments at the SAMURAI to determine the fission barrier heights inneutron-rich nuclei in Pb region.
(2) Study of spin-isospin responses with RI-beams
The study of spin-isospin responses in nuclei forms one of the important cores of nuclear physics. A variety of collective states, forexample isovector giant dipole resonances, isobaric analogue states, Gamow-Teller resonances, have been extensively studied by use ofelectromagnetic and hadronic reactions from stable targets.
The research opportunities can be largely enhanced with light of availabilities of radioactive isotope (RI) beams and of physics of
unstable nuclei. There are three possible directions to proceed. The first direction is studies of spin-isospin responses of unstable nuclei via
inverse-kinematics charge exchange reactions. A neutron-detector array WINDS has been constructed, under a collaboration of CNS, Tokyoand RIKEN, for inverse kinematics (p,n) experiments at the RI Beam Factory. We have already applied WINDS to the (p,n) experiments for
12Be, 132Sn and plan to extend this kind of study to other exotic nuclei.
The second direction is studies with RI-beam induced charge exchange reaction. RI-beam induced reactions have unique properties
which are missing in stable-beam induced reactions and can be used to reach the yet-to-be-discovered states. We have constructed the
SHARAQ spectrometer and the high-resolution beam-line at the RI Beam Factory to pursue the capabilities of RI-beam induced reactions
as new probes to nuclei. One of the highlights is an observation of β+ type isovector spin monopole resonances (IVSMR) in 208Pb and 90Zr
via the (t, 3He) reaction at 300 MeV/nucleon.
The third direction is studies of neutron- and proton-rich nuclei via stable-beam induced charge exchange reactions, which is
conducted under collaboration with Research Center for Nuclear Physics (RCNP), Osaka University. We have performed the double charge
exchange 12C(18O, 18Ne)12Be reaction at 80 MeV/nucleon to investigate structure of a neutron-rich 12Be nucleus. Peaks corresponding to- 368 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

ground and excited levels in 12Be have been clearly observed.
(3) Production of spin-polarized protons and its application to RI-beam experiments
Recent experimental and theoretical studies have revealed that spin degrees of freedom play a vital role in exotic nuclei. Tensor force
effects on the evolution of shell and possible occurrence of p-n pairing in the proton-rich region are good examples of manifestations ofspin degrees of freedom.
In exploring the spin effects in exotic nuclei, scattering with polarized protons should be a powerful tool. We have constructed a novel
polarized proton solid target aiming to shed light of polarization on the physics of exotic nuclei. A distinguished feature of the target systemis that it works under a low magnetic field of 0.1 T and temperature higher than 100 K, which exhibits a striking contrast to standard DNPtargets working in extreme conditions of several Tesla and sub-Kelvin. It should be noted that we have recently achieved a proton
polarization of 40% at room temperature in a pentacene-d14 doped p-terphenyl crystal.
The polarized proton target was applied, for the first time, to measurement of vector analyzing power in the proton elastic scattering of
neutron-rich 6,8He nuclei at 71 MeV/nucleon at RIPS, RIKEN. At RI Beam Factory, a hole-state spectroscopy via the (p, 2p) knockout
reaction from unstable oxygen isotopes was performed with the polarized target.
(4) R-process nucleosynthesis study with heavy-ion storage ring
Most of the r-process nuclei become within reach of experimental studies for the first time at RI Beam Factory at RIKEN. The Rare RI
Ring at RIBF is the unique facility with which we can perform mass measurements of r-process nuclei. Construction of the Rare RI Ringstarted in FY2012 in collaboration with Tsukuba and Saitama Universities. A major part of the ring has been completed and thecommissioning run is planned in FY2014.
We are planning to start precise mass measurements of r-process nuclei in 2015. A series of experiments will start with nuclei in the
A=80 region and will be extended to heavier region.
(5) Development of special targets for RI-beam experiments
For the research activities shown above, we are developing and hosting special targets for RI-beam experiments listed below:a) Polarized proton targetb) Thin solid hydrogen targetc) MINOS (developed at Saclay and hosted by the Spin Isospin Laboratory)
Head
Tomohiro UESAKA (Chief Scientist)
Members
Masaki SASANO (Research Scientist)
Juzo ZENIHIRO (Research Scientist)
Postdoctoral Researchers
Masanori DOZONO - Mar. 31, 2014
Valerii PANIN Dec. 1, 2013Senior Visiting Scientists
Hiroyuki SAGAWA (Aizu University) - Mar. 31, 2014
Didier BEAUMEL (IPN) Apr. 1, 2013 Visiting Researcher
Alexandre OBERTELLI (JSPS)

Sep. 2, 2013 -Research Associate
Kenichiro TATEISHI Apr. 1, 2013 Junior Research Associates
Keiichi KISAMORI
Yuki KUBOTA Apr. 1, 2013 CheongSoo LEE Apr. 1, 2013 Fumi SUZAKI Apr. 1, 2013 International Program Associates
Sergey S. CHEBOTARYOV Jun 1, 2013 Sylvain R. LEBLOND Mar. 6, 2013 – Sep. 3, 2013
Evgeniy V. MILMAN Apr. 1, 2013 Clementine A. SANTAMARIA Sep. 3, 2013 – Sep. 22, 2013
Chao WEN Oct. 25, 2013 Visiting Scientists
Anna CORSI (CEA Saclay) Jun. 24, 2013 Alain GILLIBERT (CEA Saclay) Feb. 24, 2014 Yosuke KONDO (Graduate School, Tokyo Institute of Technology)- 369 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Attila KRASZNAHORKAY (ATOMKI) Mar. 15, 2014 Yohei MATSUDA (RCNP) May 1, 2013 Kenjiro MIKI (RCNP) Apr. 1, 2013 Dennis MUECHER (TU Munchen) Dec. 15, 2013 Takashi NAKAMURA (Graduate School, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Kimiko SAKAGUCHI (Graduate School, Tohoku University)
Satoshi SAKAGUCHI (Kyusyu University)
Yasuhiro TOGANO (Graduate School, Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Takashi WAKUI (Tohoku University)
Takayuki YAMAGUCHI (Saitama University)
Visiting Technicians
Gilles AUTHELET (CEA Saclay) Jun. 25, 2013 Denis CALVET (CEA Saclay) Oct. 14, 2013 Frederic CHATEAU (CEA Saclay) Oct. 14, 2013 Alain DELBART (CEA Saclay) Oct. 14, 2013 Arnaud GIGANON (CEA Saclay) Oct. 14, 2013 Caroline LAHONDE-HAMDOUN (CEA Saclay) Oct. 14, 2013 Jean-Marc GHELLER (CEA Saclay) Jun. 25, 2013 Cedric PERON (CEA Saclay) Jun. 25, 2013 Alan PEYAUD (CEA Saclay) Oct. 14, 2013 Jean-Yves ROUSSE (CEA Saclay) Jun. 25, 2013 Research Consultant
Harutaka SAKAGUCHIInterns
SungHan BAE Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
Sungha BAEK Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
JiHwan BHYUN Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
ZhenXing CHEN Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
Seungbum CHUNG Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
BaoShan HU Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
ZhiMeng HU Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
Wei JIANG Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
WeiGuang JIANG Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
JaeSung KIM Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
JinHa KIM Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
YoungHoon LIM Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
LanDiao LIU Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
FaFu NIU Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
Seongho SHIN Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
YiWen WEN Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
ZhaoRu ZHANG Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
TongKe ZHAO Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
WenJie ZHU Aug. 6, 2013 - Aug. 16, 2013
Student Trainees
Sergey Chebotaryov (Kyung pook National University) Jun. 30, 2013 – Jul. 15, 2014
Naruki INABA (University of Tsukuba) Apr. 1, 2013 Yuki ISHII (Kyoto University) Apr. 25, 2013 Tomomi KAWAHARA (Toho University) - Mar. 31, 2013
Tatsuo BABA (Kyoto University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Taku FUKUNAGA (Kyusyu University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Shota FUKUOKA (University of Tsukuba) Apr. 1, 2013 Tatsuya FURUNO (Kyoto University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Shuhei GOTANDA (University of Miyazaki) Apr. 1, 2013 Tomosuke KADOYA (Tohoku University) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yoshihisa KANAYA (University of Miyazaki) Apr. 1, 2013 Junpei KOUNO (Saitama University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Satoshi MATSUNAGA (Saitama University) Apr. 1, 2013 Ryogo MINAKATA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Hiroshi MIURA (Saitama University) May 27, 2013 Takuma NISHIMURA (Saitama University) May 27, 2013 Shun OGOSHI (Tokyo Institute of Technology) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Syunichirou OHMIKA (Saitama University) May 27, 2013 Muduki ONO (Saitama University) May 27, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Kazuki SAWAHATA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) May 1, 2013 -- 370 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Mizuki SHIKATA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) May 1, 2013 Chihiro SHIMURA (Saitama University) May 27, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Yuuta SHIOKAWA (Tohoku University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Takahiro TAGUCHI (Tohoku University) - Mar. 31, 2014
Megumi TAKAHASHI (Tohoku University) - Mar. 31, 2013
Yuuki TAKEUCHI (Saitama University) May 27, 2013 Zhengyang TIAN (Peking University) - Mar. 31, 2014
Junichi TSUBOTA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) May 1, 2013 Miho TSUMURA (Kyoto University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Yasunori WADA (Tohoku University) Apr. 1, 2013 - Mar. 31, 2014
Hidetomo WATANABE (Tohoku University) - Mar. 31, 2013
Junpei YASUDA (Kyusyu University) Apr. 1, 2013 Part-time workers
Tomomi KAWAHARA Apr. 1, 2013 Reiko KOJIMA - May 31. 2013
Assistant
Emiko ISOGAIYu Naya
Tomoko FUJII ( - Mar. 31, 2013)- 371 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
1. Abstract

The group has conducted nuclear-physics studies utilizing stopped/slowed-down radioactive-isotope (RI) beams at the RIKEN RIBF
facility based on the technique of nuclear spectroscopy that takes advantage of intrinsic nuclear properties such as nuclear spins,
electromagnetic moments, and decay modes. In particular, by combining the techniques and devices for the production of spin-controlled
RI beams to spectroscopic studies, high-sensitivity measurements to spin precessions/resonances have been conducted through a change in
the angular distribution of radiations. The nuclear structures and properties of far-unstable nuclei are discussed based on thus determined
spin-related observables. The methods are also applied to condensed matter studies, such as semiconductors, ferromagnets, fullerenes, andsystems with dilute magnetic impurities, by exploiting RIs as microscopic probes.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Nuclear spectroscopy with stopped/slowed-down RI beams
R&D studies on the production of spin-oriented RI beam
Application of RI probes
Fundamental physics: Study of symmetry

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Nuclear spectroscopy with stopped/slowed-down RI beams
Measurements of static electromagnetic nuclear moments over a substantial region of the nuclear chart have been conducted forstructure studies on the nuclei far from the β-decay stability. Utilizing nuclear spin orientation phenomena of RIs created in the
projectile-fragmentation reaction, ground- and excited-state nuclear moments of nuclei far from the stability have been determined bymeans of the β-ray-detected nuclear magnetic resonance (β-NMR) and γ-ray time differential perturbed angular distribution (γ-TDPAD)
methods. To extend these observations to extremely rare RIs, a new method has been developed based on the laser spectroscopy whichmakes use of characteristic atomic properties of RIs surrounded by liquid helium.
(2) R&D studies on the production of spin-oriented RI beams
A new method has been developed for controlling spin in a system of rare RIs, taking advantage of the mechanism of the two-step
projectile fragmentation reaction combined with the momentum-dispersion matching technique. This success allows us to utilize
spin-controlled world's highest intensity rare RIBs delivered from BigRIPS for researches on the nuclear structure of species situatedoutside the traditional region of the nuclear chart. In parallel with this work, the development of a new apparatus to produce highly
spin-polarized RI beams will be conducted by extending the atomic beam resonance method to fragmentation-based RI beams.
(3) Application of RI probes
The application of RI and heavy ion beams as a probe for condensed matter studies is also conducted by the group. The microscopic
material dynamics and properties have been investigated through the deduced internal local fields and the spin relaxation of RI probes
based on various spectroscopies utilizing RI probes such as the β-NMR/nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) methods, in-beam Mӧssbauer
spectroscopy and the γ-TDPAC spectroscopy.
(4) Fundamental physics: Study of symmetry
The nuclear spins of stable and unstable isotopes sometimes play important roles in fundamental physics research. New experimental
methods and devices have been developed for studies of the violation of time reversal symmetry (T-violation) using spin-polarized nuclei.
These experiments aim to detect the small frequency shift in the spin precession arising from new mechanisms beyond the Standard Model.
Head
Hideki UENO (Chief Scientist)
Members
Yuichi ICHIKAWA (Oct. 1, 2013-) (Research Scientist)
Aiko NAKAO (May 1, 2013-) (Senior Research Scientist)
Research Consultant
Takuya OKADA
Visiting Scientists
Hisazumi AKAI (Osaka Univ.)
Koichiro ASAHI (Tokyo Tech)
Dimiter BALABANSKI (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences)
Takeshi FURUKAWA (Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.)
Atsushi HATAKEYAMA (Tokyo Univ. of Agriculture and Technology)
Yuichi ICHIKAWA (Tokyo Institute of Technology) - Sep. 30, 2013
Radomira LOZEVA (CNRS/IN2P3)
Yukari MATSUO (Hosei Univ.)- 372 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Kensaku MATSUTA (Osaka Univ.)
Takamasa MOMOSE (Kyoto Univ.)
Jiro MURATA (Rikkyo Univ.)
Wataru SATO (Kanazawa Univ.)
Makoto UCHIDA (Tokyo Tech)
Xiaolong WANG (Kyoto Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Akihiro YOSHIMI (Okayama Univ.)
Junior Research Associates
Yoko ISHIBASHI (Univ. of Tsukuba) - Mar. 31, 2014
Kei IMAMURA (Meiji Univ.)
Student Trainees
Aleksey GLADKOV (Kyungpook National University) -Mar. 31, 2014
Miki HAYASAKA (Tokyo Gakugei Univ.)
Ryosuke KANBE (Osaka Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yuki KANNO (Tokyo Tech)
Shota KISHI (Tokyo Gakugei Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Shuichiro KOJIMA (Tokyo Tech) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yuichi OHTOMO (Tokyo Tech) -Mar. 31, 2014
Tsubasa SAGAYAMA (Tokyo Gakugei Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yu SAKAMOTO (Tokyo Tech)
Tomoya SATO (Tokyo Tech)
Yonggeun SEON (Kyungpook National University)
Hazuki SHIRAI (Tokyo Tech) -Mar. 31, 2014
Takahiro SUZUKI (Tokyo Tech)
Masaomi TANAKA (Osaka Univ.)
Masato TSUCHIYA (Tokyo Tech)
Assistant
Emiko ISOGAI- 373 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research DivisionHigh Energy Astrophysics Laboratory
1. Abstract

In the immediate aftermath of the Big Bang, the beginning of our universe, only hydrogen and helium existed. However, nuclear
fusion in the interior of stars and the explosion of supernovae in the universe over the course of 13.8 billion years led to the evolution of aworld brimming with the many different elements we have today. By using man-made satellites to observe X-rays and gamma-rays emitted
from celestial objects, we are observing the synthesis of the elements at their actual source. Our goal is to comprehensively elucidate thescenarios for the formation of the elements in the universe, together with our research on sub-atomic physics through the use of anaccelerator.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Nucleosynthesis in Stars and Supernovae
Particle Acceleration Mechanism in Astronomical Objects
Physics in Extremely Strong Magnetism and Gravity
Research and Development of Innovative X-ray and Gamma-ray detectors

3. Summary of Research Activity

High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory started on April 2010. The goal of our research is to reveal the mechanism of nucleosynthesis in
the universe, and to observe exotic physical phenomena in extremely strong magnetic and/or gravitational field. We have observed
supernova remnants, strongly magnetized neutron stars, pulsars, black holes and galaxies with X-ray astronomical satellites.
We showed that the expansion of ejecta in Tycho's supernova remnant was consistent with a spherically symmetric shell, based on
Suzaku (Japanese X-ray observatory) measurements of the Doppler broadened X-ray emission lines. This is the first direct measurement of
the expansion velocity of the elements produced in the thermonuclear expansion supernova. This information tells us the stratified structureof the elements, implying that the heavier elements such as Fe are produced deeper interior of the explosion.
We discovered the emission line of aluminum in supernova remnant G344.7-0.1 for the first time. Aluminum is produced in theneutron rich environment of supernova explosions. We also found manganese, which is enriched in the environment of neutron excess, insome supernova remnants. A systematic study of those lines emitted from the neutron rich elements will be a good tool to explore thenucleosynthesis in the interior of star explosions.
High-energy X-rays from radioactive Ti-44, which is a direct tracer of the supernova blast, was first imaged with the focusing
telescope, NuSTAR. The map of Ti-44 in Cassiopeia A does not show spherical or axial symmetry, but asymmetry, supporting a mildly
asymmetric explosion model with low-mode convection. This is the first astronomical image with nuclear gamma-rays and newobservational evidence to understand the mechanism of supernova explosion and nucleosynthesis.
Gamma-ray emission up to 10 MeV was detected from thundercloud, suggesting that the detected gamma-rays were produced byrelativistic electrons via bremsstrahlung. Those relativistic electrons are probably accelerated through an electrical potential difference inthe thundercloud. This observation gives us a hint of the particle acceleration probably occurred near the neutron stars.
We continue to construct the Gravity and Extreme Magnetism Small Explorer (GEMS) under the collaboration with NASA Goddard
Space Flight Center (USA). GEMS is the first dedicated satellite for the X-ray polarimetry, which is opening a new field in Astrophysics
and Astronomy. The construction of an engineering model and basic performance studies of an X-ray polarimeter were carried out in
FY2010, and the semiflight model of the detector was built in FY2012 and tested in FY2013. Unfortunately, NASA stops the GEMS
project due to an expected cost overrun in 2012, but we will repropose the mission in 2014 with some modification. RIKEN will become aco-principal investigator institute and takes more responsibility on the X-ray polarimeter system and science.
Head
Toru TAMAGAWA (Associate Chief Scientist)
Contract Researcher
Goro SATO
Special Postdoctoral Researchers
Satoru KATSUDA
Shin'ya YAMADA
Asami HAYATO
Kumi ISHIKAWA
Postdoctoral Researcher
Takao KITAGUCHI
Visiting Scientists
Aya BAMBA (ISAS/JAXA)
Naohisa INADA (Univ. of Tokyo)- 374 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Madoka KAWAHARADA (ISAS/JAXA)
Atsushi SENDA (JST)Poshak GANDHI (ISAS/JAXA)Ken OHSUGA (NAOJ)
Toru MISAWA (Shinshu Univ.)
Yujin NAKAGAWA (Waseda Univ.)
Rohta TAKAHASHI (Tomakomai Nat'l College of Tech.)
Yukikatsu TERADA (Saitama Univ.)
Harufumi TSUCHIYA (JAEA)
Masaki WAKABAYASHI (Jakulin commercial company LC)
Hiroya YAMAGUCHI (CfA/Harvard Univ.)
Visiting Researchers (JSPS)
Teruaki ENOTO (Stanford Univ.)
Wataru IWAKIRI (Saitama Univ.)
Part-time Workers
Shigeru ENDO
Megu KUBOTARie YOSHII
Student Trainees
Takanori IWAHASHI (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Saori KONAMI (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Wataru IWAKIRI (Saitama Univ.)
Fumi ASAMI (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Kenta KANEKO (Kogakuin Univ.)
Kenichi IWATA (Shibaura Institute of Technology)
Megu KUBOTA
Yoko TAKEUCHI (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Rie YOSHII (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Akifumi YOSHIKAWA (Tokyo Univ. of Science)
Assistant
Yu NAYA- 375 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Astro-Glaciology Research Unit
Our Astro-Glaciology Research Unit, organized in July 2011, promotes both theoretical and experimental studies to open up a newinterdisciplinary research field between astrophysics and glaciology. On the theoretical side, we numerically simulate:(1) Changes in the chemical composition of the stratosphere induced by high-energy photons and/or particles emitted from explosive
astronomical phenomena, such as solar proton events and galactic supernovae, and(2) The explosive nucleosynthesis, including the rapid neutron capture process (the r-process) for the creation of the elements heavier
than iron, arising in the environment of core-collapse supernova explosions.
Subjects (1) and (2) themselves are very important in solar–terrestrial research and nuclear astrophysics, respectively; furthermore, theitems (1) and (2) are intended to be coupled with experimental studies described below.
On the experimental side, we analyze the ice cores drilled at the Dome Fuji station in Antarctica in collaboration with the National
Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo. These ice cores correspond to time capsules of the past. In particular, the ice cores obtained at Dome
Fuji are known to be unique because they contain much more information on conditions in the stratosphere than any other ice cores
recovered from other locations in either hemisphere. This means that the Dome Fuji ice cores may have an original advantage to study
astronomical phenomena of the past, since γ-rays and high-energy protons emitted from astronomical events affect the chemical andisotopic compositions in the stratosphere and not those in the troposphere. Accordingly, we measure:(3) Variations in the nitrate ion (NO3-) concentrations in the ice cores, in order to seek the proxy of past solar activity and the footprints
of supernovae in our galaxy,(4) Variations in the water isotopes (18O and 2H) in the ice cores, in order to reconstruct past temperature changes on the earth, and(5) Variations in the nitrate isotope (15N) in the ice cores, in order to investigate the possibility of this isotope becoming a new and amore stable proxy for solar activity and/or galactic supernovae.
Items (3), (4), and (5) have been analyzed with Dome Fuji ice cores with a temporal resolution of about 1 year. By comparing theresults for items (3) and (4), we aim to understand the correlation between solar activity and climate changes in the past on the millennium
scale. The basis for item (4) is already established in glaciology. Item (5) will be the one of very first measurements taken in ice cores. The
theoretical studies related to items (1) and (2) will provide a background for distinguishing the characteristics of the astronomical eventsfrom meteorological noise that usually appears in the ice core data. Finally, we note that the supernova rate in our galaxy is crucial tounderstand the r-process nucleosynthesis but yet remains unknown. Our item (3) is also intended to diagnose the galactic supernova rate
ultimately.
Head
Yuko MOTIZUKI (Research Unit Leader)
Members
Kazuya TAKAHASHI (Concurrent: Senior Research Scientist)
Yoichi NAKAI (Concurrent: Senior Research Scientist)
Contract Researcher
Kentaro SEKIGUCHI ( - Mar. 31, 2013)
Postdoctoral Researcher
Sachiko OKAMOTO ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Scientists
Hideharu AKIYOSHI (National Institute for Environmental Studies)
Bradley MEYER (Clemson Univ., USA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Sachiko AMARI (Washington Univ.,USA) - Mar. 31, 2013
Akira HORI (Kitami Institute of Technology)
Hiroyuki KOURA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency) - Mar. 31, 2013
Hideki MADOKORO (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.)
Takahiro TACHIBANA (Waseda High Sch., Waseda Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Kohji TAKAHASHI (Universite Libre de Bruxelles) - Mar. 31, 2013
Junior Research Associate
Satomi KIKUCHI (Saimata University)- Mar. 31, 2013

Student Trainees
Daiti SUZUKI - Mar. 31, 2013
Part-time Workers
Keiko FUKUSHIMA
Manami MARUYAMA
Yuri OBI- 376 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Ai TANEICHI
Assistants
Yoko FUJITA
Yuri TSUBURAI- 377 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Group for Superheavy Element
1. Abstract

The elements with their atomic number Z>103 are called as trans-actinide or superheavy elements. The chemical properties of thoseelements have not yet been studied in detail. Those elements do not exist in nature. Therefore, they must be produced by artificially for thescientific study of those elements. In our laboratory, we have been studying the physical and chemical properties of the superheavy
elements utilizing the accelerators in RIKEN and various methods of efficient production of the superheavy elements.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Search for new superheavy elements
Decay spectroscopy of the heaviest nuclei
Study of the chemical properties of the heaviest elements
Study of the reaction mechanism of the fusion process (theory)

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Searching for new elements
To expand the periodic table of elements and the nuclear chart, we will search for new elements.
(2) Spectroscopic study of the nucleus of heavy elements
Using the high sensitivity system for detecting the heaviest element, we plan to perform a spectroscopic study of nuclei of the heavy
elements.
(3) Chemistry of superheavy elements
Study of chemistry of the trans-actinide (superheavy element) has just started world-wide, making it a new frontier in the field ofchemistry. Relativistic effects in chemical property are predicted by many theoretical studies. We will try to develop this new field.
(4) Study of a reaction mechanism for fusion process
Superheavy elements have been produced by complete fusion reaction of two heavy nuclei. However, the reaction mechanism of thefusion process is still not well understood theoretically. When we design an experiment to synthesize nuclei of the superheavy elements, weneed to determine a beam-target combination and the most appropriate reaction energy. This is when the theory becomes important. We will
try to develop a reaction theory useful in designing an experiment by collaborating with the theorists.
(5) Research Highlight
The discovery of a new element is one of the exciting topics both for nuclear physicists and nuclear chemists. The elements with their
atomic number Z>103 are called as trans-actinides or superheavy elements. The chemical properties of those elements have not yet beenstudied in detail. Since those elements do not exist in nature, they must be produced by artificially, by using nuclear reactions for the studyof those elements. Because the production rate of atoms of those elements is extremely small, an efficient production and collection are key
issues of the superheavy research. In our laboratory, we have been trying to produce new elements, studying the physical and chemical
properties of the superheavy elements utilizing the accelerators in RIKEN.
Although the Research Group for Superheavy element has started at April 2013, the Group is a renewal of the Superheay Element
Laboratory started at April 2006, based on a research group which belonged to the RIKEN accelerator research facility (RARF), and hadstudied the productions of the heaviest elements. The main experimental apparatus is a gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS. The heaviest
elements with their atomic numbers, 107 (Bohrium), 108 (Hassium), 109 (Meitnerium), 110 (Darmstadtium), 111 (Roentogenium), and 112(not yet named) were discovered as new elements at Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), Germany by using 208Pb
or 209Bi based complete fusion reactions, so called “cold fusion” reactions. We have made independent confirmations of the productions ofisotopes of 108th, 110th, 111th, and 112th elements by using the same reactions performed at GSI. After these work, we observed an isotopeof the 113th element, 278113, in July 2004, in April, 2005, and in August 2012. The isotope, 278113, has both the largest atomic number, (Z =113) and atomic mass number (A = 278) which have determined experimentally among the isotopes which have been produced by cold
fusion reactions. We could show the world highest sensitivity for production and detection of the superheavy elements by theseobservations.
We decided to make one more recoil separator GARIS-II, which has an acceptance twice as large as existing GARIS, in order torealize higher sensitivity. The design of GARIS-II has finished in 2008. All fabrication of the separator will be finished at the end of fiscal
year 2008. It will be ready for operation in fiscal year 2009 after some commissioning works.
Preparatory work for the study of the chemical properties of the superheavy elements has started by using the gas-jet transport system
coupled to GARIS. The experiment was quite successful. The background radioactivity of unwanted reaction products has been highly
suppressed. Without using the recoil separator upstream the gas-jet transport system, large amount of unwanted radioactivity strongly
prevents the unique identification of the event of our interest. This new technique makes clean and clear studies of chemistry of the heaviest
elements promising.
The spectroscopic study of the heaviest elements has started by using alpha spectrometry. New isotope, 263Hs (Z=108), which has thesmallest atomic mass number ever observed among the Hassium isotopes, had discovered in the study. New spectroscopic information for
264Hs and its daughters have obtained also. The spectroscopic study of Rutherfordium isotope 261Rf (Z=104) has done and 1.9-s isomericstate has directly produced for the first time.
Preparatory works for the study of the new superheavy elements with atomic number 119 and 120 have started in 2013. We measured
the reaction products of the 248Cm(48Ca, xn)296-xLv(Z=116) previously studied by Frelov Laboratory of Nuclear Reaction, Russia, and GSI.

- 378 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

We observed 5 isotopes in total which tentatively assigned to 293Lv, and 292Lv.
Head
Kosuke MORITA (Group Director)
Visiting Scientist
Kunihiro FUJITA (Kyushu University) Nov. 1, 2013Student Trainees
Yoshihiro NARIKIYOTaiki TANAKA - Mar 31, 2014
Shoya YAMAMOTO - Mar 31, 2014
Assistant
Yu NAYA- 379 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Group for Superheavy Element
Superheavy Element Production TeamFor this year, see the section of Research Group for Superheavy Element.
Head
Kosuke MORITA (Group Director)
MemberKouji MORIMOTO (concurrent)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Daiya KAJI (concurrent)
Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Akira YONEDA
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Yasuo WAKABAYASHI
Visiting Scientist
Hiroyuki KOURA (JAEA)
Research Consultant
Kenji KATORI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Part-time Worker
Kengo TANAKA
Students
Junior Research Associate
Mirei TAKEYAMA
Student Trainees
Yukiko KOMORI (Osaka Univ.) - Mar 31 ,2014
Takuya YOKOKITA (Osaka Univ.) - Mar 31 ,2014
Kengo TANAKA (concurrent)- 380 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Group for Superheavy Element
Superheavy Element Device Development Team
1. Abstract

A gas-filled recoil ion separator has been used as a main experimental device for the study of superheavy elements. This team is incharge of maintain, improve, develop and operate the separators and rerated devices. There are two gas-filled recoil ion separators installed
at RILAC experimental hall. One is GARIS that is designed for symmetric reaction such as cold-fusion reaction, and the other is newly
developed GARIS-II that is designed for asymmetric reaction such as hot-fusion reaction. New element 278113 were produced by 70Zn +209Bi reaction using GARIS. Further the new element search Z > 118 are preparing by using GARIS-II.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Maintenance of GARIS and development of new gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II.
Maintenance and development of detector and DAQ system for GARIS and GARIS-II.
Maintenance and development of target system for GARIS and GARIS-II.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The GARIS-II is newly developed which has an acceptance twice as large as existing GARIS, in order to realize higher sensitivity. It
will be ready for operation in fiscal year 2014 after some commissioning works. We will also offer user-support if a researcher wishes to
use the devices for his/her own research program.
Head
Kouji MORIMOTO (Team Leader)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Daiya KAJI
Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Akira YONEDA (concurrent)
Visiting Scientist
Fuyuki TOKANAI (Yamagata University)
Part-time Worker
Sayaka YAMAKI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Student Trainee
Sayaka YAMAKI (concurrent)- 381 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
1. Abstract

The accelerator group, consisting of seven teams, pursues various upgrade programs of the world-leading heavy-ion accelerator
facility, RI-Beam Factory (RIBF), to enhance the accelerator performance and operation efficiency. The programs include the R&D of
superconducting ECR ion source, charge stripping systems, beam diagnostic devices, radiofrequency systems, control systems, and beamsimulation studies. We are also maintaining the large infrastructure to realize effective operation of the RIBF, and are actively promoting
the applications of the facility to a variety of research fields.
Our primary mission is to supply intense, stable heavy-ion beams for the users through effective operation, maintenance, and upgradeof the RIBF accelerators and related infrastructure. The director members shown below govern the development programs that are not dealt
with by a single group, such as intensity upgrade and effective operation. We also promote the future plans of the RIBF accelerators alongwith other laboratories belonging to the RIBF research division.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Intensity upgrade of RIBF accelerators (Okuno)
Effective and stable operation of RIBF accelerators (Fukunishi)
Operation and maintenance of infrastructures for RIBF (Kase)
Promotion of the future projects (Kamigaito, Fukunishi, Okuno)

3. Summary of Activity
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

The stripping schemes for Xe and U beams have been renewed.
The intensity of the xenon beam reached 38 pnA.
The beam availability exceeded 90 %.
The large infrastructure was properly maintained based on a well-organized cooperation among the related sections.
A new upgrade plan was proposed for further enhancement of the beam intensity. Basic study is in progress.
Group Director
Osamu KAMIGAITO (Chief Scientist)
Deputy Group Directors
Hiroki OKUNO (Intensity upgrade)
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI (Stable and efficient operation)
Masayuki KASE (Energy-efficiency management)International Program Associate
Vasileios TZOGANIS (University of Liverpool)
Visiting Scientists
Akira GOTO (Yamagata University)
Toshiyuki HATTORI (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Assistant
Karen SAKUMA- 382 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Accelerator R&D Team
1. Abstract

We are developing the key hardware in upgrading the RIBF accelerator complex. Our primary focus and research is charge stripper
which plays an essential role in the RIBF accelerator complex. Charge strippers remove many electrons in ions and realize efficient
acceleration of heavy ions by greatly enhancing charge state. The intensity of uranium beams is limited by the lifetime of the carbon foil
stripper conventionally installed in the acceleration chain. The improvement of stripper lifetimes is essential to increase beam power
towards the final goal of RIBF in the future. We are developing the low-Z gas stripper. In general gas stripper is free from the lifetime
related problems but gives low equilibrium charge state because of the lack of density effect. Low-Z gas stripper, however, can give as highequilibrium charge state as that in carbon foil because of the suppression of the electron capture process. Another our focus is the upgradeof the world's first superconducting ring cyclotron.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Development of charge strippers for high power beams (foil, low-Z gas)
Upgrade of the superconducting ring cyclotron
Maintenance and R&D of the electrostatic deflection/inflection channels for the beam extraction/injection

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Development of charge strippers for high power beams (foil, low-Z gas)
(Hasebe, H., Imao, H. Okuno., H.)
We are developing the charge strippers for high intensity heavy ion beams. We are focusing on the developments on carbon or
berrilium foils and gas strippers including He gas stripper.
(2) Upgrade of the superconducting ring cyclotron(Ohnishi, J., Okuno, H.)
We are focusing on the upgrade of the superconducting ring cyclotron.
(3) Maintenance and R&D of the electrostatic deflection/inflection channels for the beam extraction/injection(Ohnishi, J., Okuno, H.)
We are developing high-performance electrostatic channels for high power beam injection and extraction.
Team Leader
Hiroki OKUNO (Deputy Group Director)
Members
Jun-ichi OHNISHI (Senior Technical Scientist)
Hiroshi IMAO (Research Scientist)
Nishina center Technical Scientist
Hiroo HASEBE
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Hironori KUBOKI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Scientists
Noriyosu HAYASHIZAKI (Tokyo Institute of Technology)
Mitsuhiro FUKUDA (RCNP, Osaka Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Andreas ADELMANN (PSI, Switzerland)
Research Consultants
Yoshiaki CHIBA - Mar. 31, 2013
Isao YAMANE - Mar. 31, 2013

- 383 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator GroupIon Source Team
1. Abstract

Our aim is to operate and develop the ECR ion sources for the accelerator-complex system of the RI Beam Factory. We focus on
further upgrading the performance of the RI Beam Factory through the design and fabrication of a superconducting ECR heavy-ion sourcefor production of high-intensity uranium ions.

2. Major Research Subjects(1)(2)

Operation and development of the ECR ion sources
Development of a superconducting ECR heavy-ion source for production of high-intensity uranium ions

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Operation and development of ECR ion sources(T. Nakagawa, M. Kidera, Y. Higurashi, K. Ozeki, T. Nagatomo, H. Haba, and T. Kageyama)
We routinely produce and supply various kinds of heavy ions such as zinc and calcium ions for the super-heavy element searchexperiment as well as uranium ions for RIBF experiments. We also perform R&D’s to meet the requirements for stable supply ofhigh-intensity heavy ion beams.
(2) Development of a superconducting ECR ion source for use in production of a high-intensity uranium beam
(T. Nakagawa, J. Ohnishi, M. Kidera, Y. Higurashi, K. Ozeki and T. Nagatomo)
The RIBF is required to supply uranium beams with very high intensity so as to produce RI’s. We have designed and are fabricating an
ECR ion source with high magnetic field and high microwave- frequency, since the existing ECR ion sources have their limits in beam
intensity. The coils of this ion source are designed to be superconducting for the production of high magnetic field. We are also designing
the low-energy beam transport line of the superconducting ECR ion source.
Team Leader
Takahide NAKAGAWA
MemberTakeshi NAGATOMO (Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Research Scientists
Masanori KIDERA
Yoshihide HIGURASHI
Contract Researcher
Kazutaka OHZEKI
Postdoctral Researcher
Tatsuya URABE ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Temporary Employee
Tadashi KAGEYAMA (- Mar. 31, 2014)
Part-time Worker
Yumi KURAMITSU- 384 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator GroupRILAC Team
1. Abstract

The operation and maintenance of the RIKEN Heavy-ion Linac (RILAC) have been carried out. There are two operation modes: one is
the stand-alone mode operation and the other is the injection mode operation. The RILAC has been used especially as an injector for the
RIKEN RI- Beam Factory accelerator complex. The RILAC is composed of the ECR ion source, the frequency-variable RFQ linac, six
frequency-variable main linac cavities, and six energy booster cavities (CSM).

2. Major Research Subjects(1)(2)

The long term high stability of the RILAC operation.
Improvement of high efficiency of the RILAC operation.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The RILAC was started to supply ion beams for experiments in 1981. Thousands hours are spent in a year for delivering many kindsof heavy-ion beams to various experiments.
The RILAC has two operation modes: one is the stand-alone mode operation delivering low-energy beams directly to experiments andthe other is the injection mode operation injecting beams into the RRC. In the first mode, the RILAC supplies a very important beam to the
nuclear physics experiment of “the research of super heavy elements”. In the second mode, the RILAC plays a very important role as
upstream end of the RIBF accelerator complex.
The maintenance of these devices is extremely important in order to keep the log-term high stability and high efficiency of the RILAC
beams. Therefore, improvements are always carried out for the purpose of more stable and more efficient operation.
Team Leader
Eiji IKEZAWA
MemberYutaka WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Research Consultants
Toshiya CHIBA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Masatake HEMMI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)- 385 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Cyclotron Team
1. Abstract

Together with other teams of Nishina Center accelerator division, maintaining and improving the RIBF cyclotron complex. The
accelerator provides high intensity heavy ions. Our mission is to have stable operation of cyclotrons for high power beam operation.
Recently, stabilization of the rf system is a key issue to provide 10 kW heavy ion beam.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

RF technology for Cyclotrons
Operation of RIBF cyclotron complex
Maintenance and improvement of RIBF cyclotrons
Single turn operation for polarized deuteron beams
Development of superconducting cavity for the rebuncher system

3. Summary of Research Activity

Development of the rf system for a reliable operation
Development of highly stabilized low level rf system
Development of superconducting rebuncher cavity
Development of the intermediate-energy polarized deuteron beams.
Team Leader
Naruhiko SAKAMOTO
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Kenji SUDA
Foreign Postdoctoral Researcher
Liang LU (-July 31, 2013)
Research Consultant
Yoshiaki CHIBA (-Mar.31, 2014)- 386 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator GroupBeam Dynamics and Diagnostics Team
1. Abstract

The cascaded cyclotrons used in RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) requires not only severe matching of the beam but also highstability of all the accelerator components in order to establish stable operation of the world’s most intense heavy-ion beams. Beam
Dynamics and Diagnostics Team is responsible for power supplies, beam instrumentation, computer control and beam dynamic studies of
the RIBF accelerator complex and strongly contributes to the performance upgrade of the RIBF.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Seeking the best operation method of the RIBF accelerator complex based on the beam dynamics study.
Maintenance and development of the beam instrumentation, especially non-destructive monitors.
Upgrade of the computer control system of the RIBF accelerator complex.
Maintenance and improvements of the magnets and power supplies.

3. Summary of Research Activity
(1)
(2)
(3)

(4)
(5)

The world-first beam current monitor with a high-Tc current sensor and SQUID has been developed.
The bending power of the fixed-frequency Ring Cyclotron has been upgraded to 700 MeV. It enables us to accelerate 238U64+ ionsobtained by the helium gas stripper and contributes to stable and high-intensity operation of RIBF.
An EPICS-based control system and a homemade beam interlock system have been stably working. Replacement of the existing
legacy control system used in the old half of our facility is ongoing. Construction of the new control system for the new injector
RILAC2 was successfully completed, where the embedded EPICS system running on F3RP61-2L CPU module, developed by
KEK and RIKEN control group, was used.
We replaced some dated power supplies of RIKEN Ring Cyclotron by new ones, which have better long-term stability than the oldones. The other existing power supplies (~900) are stably operated owing to elaborate maintenance work.
We have contributed to RILAC2 construction, especially in its beam diagnosis, control system, magnet power supplies, vacuum
system, high-energy beam transport system etc.
Team Leader
Nobuhisa FUKUNISHI (Deputy Group Director)
Members
Masaki FUJIMAKI (Senior Technical Scientist)
Keiko KUMAGAI (Senior Technical Scientist)
Tamaki WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Kazunari YAMADA (Senior Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Technical Scientists
Misaki KOBAYASHI-KOMIYAMA
Akito UCHIYAMA
Postdoctral Researcher
Takuya MAEYAMA
Temporary Employee
Makoto NAGASE ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Scientists
Hiromichi RYUTO (Photonics and Electronics Science and Engineering Center, Kyoto University)
Jun-ichi ODAGIRI (Accelerator Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK))
Shin-ichiro HAYASHI (Faculty of Health Science, Hiroshima International University) - Mar. 31, 2014

- 387 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Cryogenic Technology Team
1. Abstract

We are operating the cryogenic system for the superconducting ring cyclotron in RIBF. We are operating the helium cryogenic systemin the south area of RIKEN Wako campus and delivering the liquid helium to users in RIKEN. We are trying to collect efficiently gas
helium after usage of liquid helium.

2. Major Research Subjects(1)(2)

Operation of the cryogenic system for the superconducting ring cyclotron in RIBF
Operation of the helium cryogenic plant in the south area of Wako campus and delivering the liquid helium to users in Wako
campus.

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Operation of the cryogenic system for the superconducting ring cyclotron in RIBF
(Okuno, H., Dantsuka, T., Nakamura, M., Maie, T.,)
(2) Operation of the helium cryogenic plant in the south area of Wako campus and delivering the liquid helium to users in Wako
campus.
(Dantsuka, T., Tsuruma, S., Okuno, H.).
Team Leader
Hiroki OKUNO (Deputy Group Director)
MemberMasato NAKAMURA (Senior Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Takeshi MAIE
Technical Staff-I
Tomoyuki DANTSUKA
Temporary Employee
Kumio IKEGAMI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Part time Worker
Shizuho TSURUMA- 388 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Group
Infrastructure Management Team
1. Abstract

The RIBF facility is consisting of many accelerators and its infrastructure is very important in order to make an efficient operation of
RIBF project. We are maintaining the infrastructure of the whole system and to support the accelerator operation with high performance.
We are also concerning the contracts of gas- and electricity-supply companies according to the annual operation plan. The contracts should
be reasonable and also flexible against a possible change of operations. And we are searching the sources of inefficiency in the operationand trying to solve them for the high-stable machine operation.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Operation and maintenance of infrastructure for RIBF accelerators.
Renewal of the old equipment for the efficient operation.
Support of accelerator operations.
Team Leader
Masayuki KASE (Deputy Group Director)
Members
Shu WATANABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Hiromi YAMASAWA (Manager)
Research Consultant
Shin-ichi WATANABE ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Temporary Employee
Tadashi FUJINAWA (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Scientist
Hideshi MUTO (Tokyo Univ. of Sci. Suwa)- 389 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentations Development Group
1. Abstract

This group develops core experimental installations at the RI Beam factory. Experimental installations currently under construction
include designs containing common elements enabling multiple use (SLOWRI), as well as others that are highly program specific (SCRIT
and Rare-RI Ring). All are designed to maximize the research potential of the world's most intense RI beams, made possible by theexclusive equipment available at the RI Beam Factory. Beam manipulation techniques, such as a beam accumulation and a beam coolingetc., will be able to provide opportunities of new experimental challenges and the foundation for future developments of RIBF.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

SCRIT Project
SLOWRI Project
Rear RI Ring Project

3. Summary of Research Activity

We are developing beam manipulation technology in carrying out above listed project. They are the high-quality slow RI beam
production (SCRIT and SLOWRI), the beam cooling and stopping (SCRIT and SLOWRI), and the beam accumulation technology (Rare RIRing). The technological knowhow accumulated in our projects will play a significant role in the next generation RIBF. Future Plan foreach project is described in subsections. SCRIT is now partially under construction and the system has been already tested using stable
isotopes. ISOL system for SCRIT experiment (ERIS) is now under development. Rare RI Ring construction has been started in 2012 andwe succeeded in the first beam circulation using alpha particle in this year. There are many things we have to do to make it ready forstarting mass measurement, but it is now ready for operation. SLOWRI is now under construction.
Group Director
Masanori WAKASUGI
Senior Visiting Scientist
Akira OZAWA
Student Trainees
Saki MATSUO
Yohei SUMI
Mamoru TOGASAKI
Assistants
Yoshiko SAKATA
Noriko KIYAMA- 390 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentations Development GroupSLOWRI Team
1. Abstract

Construction of a next-generation stopped and low-energy radioactive ion beam facility (SLOWRI) which will provide low-energy,
high-purity and small emittance ion beams of all elements has been started in FY2013 as one of the principal facilities at the RIKEN
RI-beam factory (RIBF). High-energy radioactive ion beams from the projectile fragment separator BigRIPS are thermalized in a large He
gas catcher cell (RFC cell) or in a small Ar gas catcher cell (PALIS cell). In the RFC cell, thermalized ions in buffer gas are guided andextracted to a vacuum environment by a combination of dc electric fields and inhomogeneous rf fields (rf carpet ion guide). The PALIS cell
will be placed in the vicinity of the second focal plane slits of BigRIPS and can be used continuously during other experiments. From thesegas cells, the low-energy ion beams will be delivered via mass separators and switchyards to various devices: such as an ion trap, acollinear fast beam apparatus, and a multi-reflection time of flight mass spectrograph. In the R&D works at the present ring cyclotron
facility, an extraction efficiency of 33% for a 100A MeV 8Li ion beam from the projectile fragment separator RIPS was achieved and thedependence of the efficiency on the ion beam intensity was investigated.
First spectroscopy experiment at the prototype SLOWI was performed on Be isotopes. Energetic ions of 7,10,11Be from the RIPS weretrapped and laser cooled in a linear rf trap and precision spectroscopy was performed. The evaluated ion temperature of <10 mK
demonstrates that a reduction of more than 15 orders of magnitude for the kinetic energy of radioactive Be was achieved online. The
ground state hyperfine constants of all Be isotopes have been measured precisely by laser and microwave. These precision measurements
will be used to confirm the anomalous mean radius of the valence neutron of the so called neutron halo nucleus. Other laser spectroscopy
experiments using the slow RI-beams are also under progress in off-line setups. A collinear fast beam apparatus for nuclear charge-radiimeasurements was build and tested with stable Ar+ ion beams.
A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph (MRTOF) has been developed and tested online for radioactive lithium isotope,
8Li. A high mass resolving power of 170,000 has been obtained for an isobaric doublet of 40K and 40Ca with a very short flight time of 2 ms.
This performance allowed accurate mass determination of <10-7 accuracy by a single isobaric reference. Two mass measurement projects
using MRTOF mass spectrographs have been started: one is for trans uranium elements at the GARIS facility and the other is for r-process
nuclides at SLOWRI facility.
Resonance ionization spectroscopy has been tested during the offline development of PALIS gas cell. Stable isotopes of Co, Cu, Fe,
Ni, Ti, Nb, Sn, In, and Pd were resonantly ionized by excimer pumped dye lasers or Nd:YAG laser pumped Ti:Sapphire lasers with theprototype gas cell setup. The resonance spectra are in many cases sufficient to resolve the hyperfine structures. Nuclear spins and magnetic
moments will be determined for various isotopes obtained during other experiments.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Construction of stopped and low-energy RI-beam facility, SLOWRI.
Laser spectroscopy of trapped radioactive Beryllium isotopes.
Development of a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph for precision mass measurements of short-lived nuclei.
Development of parasitic slow RI-beam production method using resonance laser ionization.
Development of ion-surfing gas cell.

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Construction of stopped and low-energy RI-beam facility (SLOWRI)(WADA, Michiharu, SONODA, Tetsu, KATAYAMA, Ichiro, SCHURY, Peter, ITO, Yuta, ARAI, Fumiya, ARAI, Shigeaki, KUBO,
Toshiyuki, KUSAKA, Kensuke, FUJINAWA Tadashi, MAIE Takeshi, YAMASAWA Hideyuki, WOLLNIK, Hermann,)
Installation of SLOWRI has been started in FY2013. It consists of two gas catchers (RF Carpet gas cell and PALIS gas cell), mass
separators a 50-m beam transport line, a beam cooler-buncher, an isobar separator, and a laser system. The RFCarpet gas cell will be
installed at the exit of the D5 dipole magnet of BigRIPS. The gas catcher contains a large cryogenic He gas cell with a large traveling wave
rf-carpet. It will convert main beams of BigRIPS to low-energy, low-emittance beams without any restrictions on the chemical properties ofthe elements. The PALIS gas cell will be installed in the vicinity of the second focal plane slit of BigRIPS. It will provide parasitic
RI-beams from those ions lost in the slits during other experiments. In this gas catcher, thermalized RI ions quickly become neutral and will
be re-ionized by resonant laser radiations. These gas catchers will be tested off-line in FY2014. The 50 m beam transport line consists offour dipole magnets (SD1 to SD4), two focal plane chambers, 62 electrostatic quadrupole singlets, 11 electrostatic quadrupole quartets(EQQ1 to EQQ11) and 7 beam profile monitors (BPM). SD1 and SD2, located right after the gas catchers will be used for isotope
separation. After eliminating contaminant ions at the focal plane chamber, the low energy beam will be transported by FODO lattice
structure with phase space matching using EQQs. The EQQs have multipole elements made of 16 rods on which various potentials can beapplied to produce 6-pole and 8 pole fields, simultaneously, for compensation of ion optical aberrations. This multipole element can also
produce dipole fields for steering and scanning the beam. The BPM have a classical cross-wire beam monitor as well as a channel
electron multiplier with a pinhole collimator. Combining the scanning capability of the EQQs and the pinhole detector, we can observe abeam profile even for a very low-intensity RI-beams. Off- and on-line commissioning will take place in FY2014 and the low-energy
RI-beams will be provided for users in FY2015.

- 391 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(2) Laser spectroscopy of trapped radioactive beryllium isotope ions
(WADA, Michiharu, TAKAMINE, Aiko, SCHURY Peter, SONODA Tetsu, OKADA, Kunihiro, KANAI, Yasuyuki, YOSHIDA, Atsushi,
KUBO, Toshiyuki, WOLLNIK, Hermann, SCHUESSLER, Hans, Shunsuke, KATAYAMA Ichiro)
As a first application of the prototype SLOWRI setup, we applied hyperfine structure spectroscopy to the beryllium isotopes todetermine in particular the anomalous radius of the valence neutron of the neutron halo nucleus 11Be, and to determine the charge radii ofthese beryllium isotopes through laser-laser double resonance spectroscopy of laser-cooled ions. Laser cooling is an essential prerequisite
for these planned experiments. The first laser spectroscopy experiments for beryllium isotopes were performed to measure the resonancefrequencies of 2s 2S1/2 - 2p 2P3/2 transition of 7Be+, 9Be+, 10Be+ and 10Be+ ions and the nuclear charge radii of these isotopes were
determined. The hyperfine structures of 11Be+ and 7Be+ ions using the laser-microwave double resonance spectroscopy were also performed
and the magnetic hyperfine constants of 7Be+ and 11Be+ ions were determined with accuracies of better than10-7.
(3) Development of a multi-reflection TOF mass spectrograph for short-lived nuclei(WADA, Michiharu, SCHURY Peter, ITO, Yuta, ARAI Fumiya, SONODA Tetsu, WOLLNIK, Hermann, MORIMOTO, Koji, KAJI,
Daiya, HABA, Hiromitsu, KOURA, Hiroyuki)
The atomic mass is one of the most important quantities of a nucleus and has been studied in various methods since the early days ofphysics. Among many methods we chose a multi-reflection time-of-flight (MR-TOF) mass spectrometer. Slow RI beams extracted from the
RF ion-guide are bunch injected into the spectrometer with a repetition rate of ~100 Hz. The spectrometer consists of two electrostatic
mirrors between which the ions travel back and forth repeatedly. These mirrors are designed such that energy-isochrononicity in the flighttime is guaranteed during the multiple reflections while the flight time varies with the masses of ions. A mass-resolving power of 170,000
has been obtained with a 2 ms flight time for 40K and 40Ca isobaric doublet. This mass-resolving power should allow us to determine ion
masses with an accuracy of 10-7. An online mass measurement for radioactive lithium isotope has been carried out at the prototype
SLOWRI setup.
The MR-TOF mass spectrograph has been placed under the GARIS-II separator aiming at direct mass measurements of trans-uranium
elements. A small cryogenic gas catcher cell will be placed at the focal plane box of GARIS-II and a bunched low-energy heavy ion beam
can be transported to the trap of MR-TOF. An online commissioning experiment is planned in FY2014.
(4) Development of collinear fast beam apparatus for nuclear charge radii measurements(WADA, Michiharu, SCHUESSLER, Hans, IIMURA, Hideki, SONODA, Tetsu, SCHURY, Peter, TAKAMINE, Aiko, OKADA,
Kunihiro, WOLLNIK, Hermann)
The root-mean-square charge radii of unstable nuclei have been determined exclusively by isotope shift measurements of the opticaltransitions of singly-charged ions or neutral atoms by laser spectroscopy. Many isotopes of alkaline, alkaline-earth, noble-gases and several
other elements have been measured by collinear laser spectroscopy since these ions have all good optical transitions and are available atconventional ISOL facilities. However, isotopes of other elements especially refractory and short-lived ones have not been investigated so
far.
In SLOWRI, isotopes of all atomic elements will be provided as well collimated mono-energetic beams. This should expand the range
of applicable nuclides of laser spectroscopy. In the first years of the RIBF project, Ni and its vicinities, such as Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Cu, Ga, Ge
are planned to be investigated. They all have possible optical transitions in the ground states of neutral atoms with presently available laser
systems. Some of them have so called recycle transitions which enhance the detection probabilities noticeably. Also the multistep resonanceionization (RIS) method can be applied to the isotopes of Ni as well as those of some other elements. The required minimum intensity forthis method can be as low as 10 atoms per second.
We have built an off-line mass separator and a collinear fast beam apparatus with a large solid-angle fluorescence detector. A 617 nm
transition of the metastable Ar+ ion at 20 keV was measured with both collinear and anti-collinear geometry that allowed us to determine
the absolute resonant frequency of the transition at rest with more than 10-8 accuracy. Such high accuracy measurements for Ti and Ni
isotopes are in progress.
(5) Development of parasitic slow RI-beam production scheme using resonance laser ionization(SONODA Tetsu, IIMURA Hideki, WADA Michiharu, KATAYAMA Ichiou, ADACHI Yoshitaka, NOTO Takuma, TAKATSUKA
Takaaki, TOMITA Hideki, WENDT Klaus, ARAI Fumiya, ITOU Yuta, SCHURY Peter, FUKUDA Naoki, INABE Naohito, KUBO
Toshiyuki, KUSAKA Kensuke, TAKEDA Hiroyuki, SUZUKI H., WAKASUGI Masanori, YOSHIDA Koichi)
More than 99.9% of RI ions produced in projectile fission or fragmentation are simply dumped in the first dipole magnet and the slits.
A new scheme, named PALIS, to rescue such dumped precious RI using a compact gas catcher cell and resonance laser ionization was
proposed as a part of SLOWRI. The thermalized RI ions in a cell filled with Ar gas can be quickly neutralized and transported to the exit of
the cell by gas flow. Irradiation of resonance lasers at the exit ionizes neutral RI atoms efficiently and selectively. The ionized RI ions canbe further selected by a magnetic mass separator and transported to SLOWRI experimental area for various experiment. The resonanceionization scheme itself can also be a useful method to perform hyperfine structure spectroscopy of RI of many elements.
A prototype setup has been tested for resonance ionization scheme of several elements, extraction from the cell, and transport to a highvacuum chamber. An online setup, which will be placed at the second focal plane (F2) of BigRIPS, has been fabricated in FY2013 andcommissioning is scheduled in FY2014.

- 392 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Team Leader
Michiharu WADA
MemberHideyuki YAMAZAWA (concurrent)
Nishina Center Research Scientists
Tetsu SONODA
Kensuke KUSAKA (concurrent)
Nishina Center Technical Scientist
Takeshi MAIE (concurrent)
Contract ResearcherPeter SCHURY
Research Associate
Yuta ITO ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Research Consultant
Hirokane KAWAKAMI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Visiting Scientists
Hideki IIMURA (Japan Atomic Energy Agency)
Kunihiro OKADA (Sophia University)
Hans SCHUESSLER (Texas A&M University)
Aiko TAKAMINE (Aoyama Gakuin University) - Mar. 31, 2014
Hideki TOMITA (Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University)
Klaus WENDT -Mar. 31, 2014
Hermann WOLLNIK (University of Giessen) - Mar. 31, 2014
Part-time Workers
Shigeaki ARAI
Ichirou KATAYAMA
Tadashi FUJINAWA (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Student Trainees
Takuma NOTO
Takaaki TAKATSUKA - Mar. 31, 2014
Fumiya ARAI
Yoshitaka ADACHI - Mar. 31, 2014
Takahide TAKAMATSU - Mar. 31, 2014

- 393 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentations Development Group
Rare RI-ring Team
1. Abstract

Mass measurement is one of the most important contributions to a nuclear property research especially for short-lived unstable nuclei
far from the beta-stability line. In particular, a high-precision mass measurement for nuclei located around the r-process pass (rare-RI) is
required in nucleosynthesis point of view. We chose a method of isochronous mass spectrometry (IMS) to make a measurement timeshorter than 1 ms. Heavy-ion storage ring named “Rare-RI RIng (R3)” is now under construction at RIKEN RI Beam Factory. Our target
performance in the mass determination is to achieve an accuracy of the order of 10-6 (~100 keV) even if we get only one event. Since anisochronism in R3 is established over a wide range of the momentum, rare-RIs with a large momentum spread, p/p=0.5 %, are acceptable.
Another significant feature of the R3 system is an individual injection scheme in which a produced rare-RI itself triggers the injection
kicker. Design study for R3 has been continued from more than ten years ago, and the construction has been started in 2012. Constructionof the infrastructures and fabrication of major parts of hardware relating to R3 have already been roughly completed. We are now setting up
and testing all equipment including the power supplies, the control system, the vacuum system, and so on, toward the first commissioning
planed in 2014.

2. Major Research Subjects

Developments of isochronous storage ring to measure mass of rare RI.

3. Summary of Research Activity

Since the lattice design of R3 is based on the cyclotron motion, it can provide an isochronism in a wide range of the momentum. We
expect a great improvement in mass resolution in IMS as long as the isochronous field is precisely formed in R3. Therefore, IMS using R3
is capable of both a high-precision measurement and a fast measurement. All the devices in R3 was designed under the assumption that anincoming beam has an energy of 200 MeV/u and a charge to mass ratio, m/q, of less than 3. The ring structure was designed with a similar
concept of a separate-sector ring cyclotron. It consists of six sectors and 4.02-m straight sections, and each sector consists of four
rectangular bending magnets. They are reused magnets used in TARN-II, which was constructed at INS Tokyo University more than 20
years ago. A radially homogeneous magnetic field is produced in the magnet, and a magnetic rigidity is 6.5 Tm at maximum. Main coils of
all the bending magnets are connected in series, and the current of 3000 A is required for rare-RIs, for instance, 78Ni with the magnetic
rigidity of 5.96 Tm. Two magnets at both ends of each sector are additionally equipped with ten trim coils to form a precise isochronous
magnetic field. For p=0 particle, the circumference is 60.35 m and the betatron tunes are x=1.21 and y=0.84 in horizontal and verticaldirections, respectively. The momentum acceptance is p/p=0.5 % and the transverse acceptances are 20mmmrad and 10 mmmrad inhorizontal and vertical directions, respectively. Although the transverse acceptances of the R3 itself are actually larger than these values,
they are limited by that of the injection beam line. Of special note is that the isochronism is precisely fulfilled in a wide range ofmomentum (full width 1 %) due to a cyclotron-motion based lattice design.
Another performance required for R3 is to efficiently seize hold of an opportunity of the measurement for rare-RIs produced
unpredictably. We adopted an individual injection scheme in which the produced rare-RI itself triggers the injection kicker magnets. Fullactivation of the kicker magnetic field has to be completed within the flight time of the rare-RI from an originating point of the trigger
signal to the kicker position in R3. Development of an ultra-fast response kicker system is a key issue for establishing the individual
injection scheme. Performances required for the kicker system are an ultra-fast response, a fast charging, and a full-time charging. Output
current of our kicker power supply rises at 250 ns and the center of the flat top of the magnetic field is at smaller than 500 ns from thetrigger input.
We provided ordinary beam diagnostic devices such as a screen monitor and a beam position monitor based on triangle pickup
electrodes. Although five sets of these monitors distributed along the orbit in R3 are useful in a machine tuning process using ahigh-intensity primary beam. They, however, are incapable for rare-RIs because of the poor sensitivity. Therefore, we inserted
high-sensitive monitors, which are applicable even for a single particle circulation. One of them is a cavity type of Schottky pick-up. A
resonance frequency is designed to be 172 MHz, which corresponds to the harmonic number of 56, and a measured quality factor is over7000 and shunt impedance is 400 k. We can detect single ion circulation of 78Ni28+ with only a few ms measurement. Another is a timing
monitor, which detects secondary electrons emitted from thin carbon foil placed on the accumulation orbit. The thickness of the foil will be
50 g/cm. The rare-RI with the energy of 200 MeV/u survives only for first 1000 turns because of an energy loss at the foil.
Major components of R3 have already been fabricated and the ring components were precisely arraigned. We are now setting up andtesting every device individually, and we advance all preparations towards the commissioning scheduled in 2014.

- 394 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Team Leader
Masanori WAKASUGI (Group Director)
Members
Tamaki WATANABE (concurrent)
Yutaka WATANABE (concurrent)
Naohito INABE (concurrent)
Yoshiyuki YANAGISAWA (concurrent)
Hideyuki YAMAZAWA (concurrent)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Yoshitaka YAMAGUCHI
Nishina Center Technical Scientists
Takeshi MAIE (concurrent)
Misaki KOMIYAMA (concurrent)
Junior Research Associate
Yasushi ABE (University of Tsukuba)
Visiting Scientists
Daisuke NAGAE (Inst. Phys., Univ.of Tsukuba)
Tetsuro KOMATSUBARA (University of Tsukuba) - Mar. 31, 2014
Research Consultant
Akira NODA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Student Trainees
Ayano ENOMOTO
Shunsuke OKADA - Mar. 31, 2014
Yuta SAITO - Mar. 31, 2014

- 395 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Instrumentations Development GroupSCRIT Team
1. Abstract

The SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility is now under construction at RIKEN RIBF. This aims at investigation of internal nuclear
structure for short-lived unstable nuclei by means of electron scattering. SCRIT (Self-Confining RI Ion Target) is a novel method to form
internal targets in an electron storage ring. This technique has made electron scattering experiments for unstable nuclei possible.
Construction of the facility has been started in 2009. This facility consists of an electron accelerator (RTM), a SCRIT-equipped electron
storage ring (SR2), an electron-beam-driven RI separator (ERIS), and a detector system for scattered electrons. Operation of accelerators,
RTM and SR2, was started in 2010, performance test of the SCRIT system using stable isotopes, 133Cs and 132Xe, was successfully done in2011 and 2012. Construction of ERIS was started in 2011 and it was commissioned in 2012. The first RI beams from ERIS were suppliedin 2013, and the ion source is now under improvement. The detector system consisting of a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, drift
chambers, trigger scintillators, and luminosity monitors is now under construction. We are going to perform the first experiment of electron
scattering from unstable nuclei within a fiscal year 2014.

2. Major Research Subjects

Development of SCRIT electron scattering technique and construction of the SCRIT electron scattering facility.

3. Summary of Research Activity

Development of an electron scattering experimental system for short-lived unstable nuclei using a novel internal target of unstable
nuclei (SCRIT).
(Wakasugi, Ohnishi, Kurita, Suda, Tamae, Hori, Hara, Ichikawa)
SCRIT is novel technique to form internal target in an electron storage ring. Positive ions are confined in the electron beam axis bytransverse focusing force given by the circulating electron beam. This is well known "ion trapping" phenomenon. The created ion cloud inwhich RI ions injected from outside are confined works as a target of electron scattering.
In 2010, we successfully commissioned electron accelerators RTM and SR2. Current of electron beams stored in SR2 and its storage
lifetime have been reached to 300 mA and 2 hours, respectively, in the energy range of 150-300 MeV that is required in electron scatteringexperiments. In test experiments of the SCRIT system performed in 2011 and 2012, we used stable isotopes, 133Cs and 132Xe, and revealed
many details of the SCRIT performance. The luminosity of 1027 /(cm2s) was obtained in case of the number of injected ions of 108. The
lifetime of the ion confinement was obtained to be over 1 s. They are performances satisfactory to the electron scattering experiment. In
fact, we succeeded in measurements of angular distributions of scattered electrons from the target ions trapped in the SCRIT device.
Development of ERIS is one of the most important issues in the facility construction. RIs are generated by photo-fission process of
238U, which is driven by the 150-MeVelectron beams from RTM. ERIS consists of a target ion source including UCx targets and a mass
separation system. ERIS was constructed in 2011 and performances such as the extraction efficiency of 21 % and the mass resolving powerof 1660 were obtained in the commissioning in 2011. We developed production method of UCx targets by ourselves. The first RI
production was succeeded in last year, and 126-132Sn and 138-141Xe isotopes were extracted. Since the yield of extracted RIs is still below our
expectation and there is some problem in durability of the ion source, the target ion source is now under improvement. A cooler buncher
system connected to the ERIS beam line is indispensable, because the continuous beam from ERIS has to be converted to pulsed beam forion injection to the SCRIT device. We are now developing the cooler buncher based on a RFQ linear trap. This was constructed in 2013 andis now under testing offline. This will be installed within this year.
In last year, we constructed a new detector for scattered electrons. This consists of a high-resolution magnetic spectrometer, a beam
tracking system using drift chambers, trigger scintillators, and a luminosity monitor. This has a solid angle of 100 msr, energy resolution of
10-3, and the scattering angle coverage of 30-60 degrees. A wide range of momentum transfer, 80-300 MeV/c, is covered by changing theelectron beam energy from 150 to 300 MeV. This detector system is now under setting up offline and they are expected to be available
soon.
Team Leader
Masanori WAKASUGI (Group Director)
MemberTetsuya OHNISHI (Senior Technical Scientist)
Senior Visiting Scientist
Toshitada HORI (Hiroshima University)
Visiting Scientists
Toshimi SUDA (Research Center of Electron Photon Science, Tohoku Univ.)
Shuo WANG (Research Center of Electron Photon Science, Tohoku Univ.) - Jun. 30, 2013

- 396 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Research Consultants
Takeshi EMOTO (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Shin-ichi ICHIKAWA (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Masahiro HARA (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Tadaaki TAMAE (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Student Trainees
Takaya MIYAMOTO - Mar. 31, 2014
Yuto SHIMAKURA - Mar. 31, 2014
Yuji HARAGUCHI
Shunpei YONEYAMATeruaki TSURU- 397 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments Group
1. Abstract

The research instruments group is the driving force at RI Beam Factory (RIBF) for continuous enhancement of activities andcompetitiveness of experimental research. Consisting of five teams, we are in charge of the design, construction, operation andimprovement of the core research instruments at RIBF, such as BigRIPS separator, ZeroDegree spectrometer, GARIS spectrometer and
SAMURAI spectrometer, and the related infrastructure and equipment. The group also conducts related experimental research as well as
R&D studies on the research instruments.

2. Major Research Subjects

Design, construction, operation and improvement of the core research instruments at RIBF and related R&D studies.
studies on exotic nuclei

3. Summary of Research Activity

Experimental

The current research subjects are summarized as follows:(1) Design, construction, operation, and improvement of the core research instruments at RIBF and their related infrastructure andequipment for continuous enhancement of activities and competitiveness of experimental research(2) R&D studies on technical issues of the core research instruments and related equipment at RIBF
(3) Experimental research on exotic nuclei using the core research instruments at RIBF
Group Director
Toshiyuki KUBO
Senior Visiting Scientist
Toshio KOBAYASHI (Tohoku University)
Junior Research Associate
Daichi MURAI
Student Trainee
Katrina KOEHLER
Research Supporting Staff (part time Worker)
Meiko UESAKA
Assistant
Emiko ISOGAI- 398 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments GroupBigRIPS Team
1. Abstract

This team is in charge of design, construction, development and operation of BigRIPS in-flight separator and its related research
instruments at RI beam factory (RIBF). They are employed not only for the production of RI beams but also the experimental studies using
RI beams.

2. Major Research Subjects

Design, construction, development and operation of BigRIPS in-flight separator, RI-beam transport lines, and their related research
instruments.

3. Summary of Research Activity

This team is in charge of design, construction, development and operation of BigRIPS in-flight separator, RI-beam transport lines, andtheir related research instruments such as ZeroDegree spectrometer at RI beam factory (RIBF). They are employed not only for the
production of RI beams but also various kinds of experimental studies using RI beams.
The research subjects may be summarized as follows:(1) General studies on RI-beam production using in-flight scheme.
(2) Studies on ion-optics of in-flight separators, including particle identification of RI beams(3) Simulation and optimization of RI-beam production.
(4) Development of beam-line detectors and their data acquisition system.
(5) Experimental studies on production reactions and unstable nuclei.
(6) Experimental studies of the limits of nuclear binding.
(7) Development of superconducting magnets and their helium cryogenic systems.
(8) Development of a high-power production target system.
(9) Development of a high-power beam dump system.
(10) Development of a remote maintenance and remote handling systems.
(11) Operation, maintenance and improvement of BigRIPS separator system, RI-beam transport lines and their related research
instruments such as ZeroDegree spectrometer and so on.
(12) Experimental research using RI beams.
Team Leader
Koichi YOSHIDA
Members
Naohito INABE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Masao OHTAKE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Yoshiyuki YANAGISAWA (Senior Research Scientist)
Kanenobu TANAKA (concurrent)
Nishina Center Research Scientists
Kensuke KUSAKA
Naoki FUKUDA
Hiroyuki TAKEDA
Contract Researcher
Daisuke KAMEDA
Postdoctoral Researchers
Deuk Soon AHN
Hiroshi SUZUKI
Part-time Worker
Hidekazu KUMAGAI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Senior Visiting Scientist
Jerry NOLEN (ANL)
Visiting Scientists
Bradley SHERRILL (NSCL, Michigan State Univ., USA)- 399 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Daniel BAZIN (NSCL, Michigan State Univ., USA)
Oleg TARASOV (NSCL, Michigan State Univ., USA)David MORRISSEY (NSCL, Michigan State Univ., USA)
Mauricio PORTILLO (NSCL, Michigan State Univ., USA)
Hans GEISSEL (GSI, Germany)
Martin WINKLER (GSI, Germany)
Michael FAMIANO (Western Michigan Univ., USA)
Yutaka MIZOI (Osaka Electro-Commnication Univ.)
Naohito IWASA (Tohoku Univ.)
Sadao MOMOTA (Kochi University of Technology)
Kazuo IEKI (concurrent) (Rikkyo Univ.) - Mar. 31, 2013
Student Trainee
Yohei OHKODA (Tohoku Univ.)- Mar. 31, 2014

- 400 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments GroupSAMURAI Team
1. Abstract

In collaboration with research groups in and outside RIKEN, the team designs, develops and constructs the SAMURAI spectrometerand relevant equipment that are and will be used for reaction experiments using RI beams at RI Beam Factory. The SAMURAI
spectrometer consists of a large superconducting dipole magnet and a variety of detectors to measure charged particles and neutrons. Afterthe commissioning experiment in March 2012, the team prepared and conducted, in collaboration with researchers in individual
experimental groups, the first series of experiments with SAMURAI in May 2012. The team also provides basis for research activities by,for example, organizing collaboration workshops by researchers who are interested in studies or plan to perform experiments with the
SAMURAI spectrometer.

2. Major Research Subjects

Design, operation, maintenance and improvement of the SAMURAI spectrometer and its related research instruments.
Help and management for SAMURAI-based research programs.

3. Summary of Research Activity

The current research subjects are summarized as follows:(1) Operation, maintenance and improvement of a large superconducting dipole magnet that is the main component of the SAMURAI
spectrometer(2) Design, development and construction of various detectors that are used for nuclear reaction experiments using the SAMURAI
spectrometer.
(3) Preparation for planning experiments using SAMURAI spectrometer.
(4) Maintenance and improvement of the SAMURAI beam line.
(5) Formation of a collaboration platform called "SAMURAI collaboration"
Team Leader
Hiromi SATO
MemberKen-ichiro YONEDA (concurrent: Deputy Team Leader)Research Associate
Yohei SHIMIZU
Visiting Scientists (JST)Bertis Charles RASCO (Louisiana State University, USA)
Julien Didier GIBELIN (JSPS: LPC-Caen, France) -Aug. 8, 2013
Visiting Technician
Nobuyuki CHIGA (Tohoku University) -Mar. 31, 2014

- 401 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments Group
Computing and Network Team
1. Abstract

This team is in charge of development, management and operation of the computing and network environment, mail and information
servers and data acquisition system and management of the information security of the RIKEN Nishina Center.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)

Development, management and operation of the general computing servers
Development, management and operation of the mail and information servers
Development, management and operation of the data acquisition system
Development, management and operation of the network environment
Management of the information security

3. Summary of Research Activity

This team is in charge of development, management and operation of the computing and network environment, mail and information
servers and data acquisition system and management of the information security. The details are described elsewhere in this progress report.
(1) Development, management and operation of the general computing servers
We are operating Linux/Unix NIS/NFS cluster system for the data analysis of the experiments and general computing. This cluster
system consists of eight computing servers with 28 CPU cores and totally 200 TB RAID of highly-reliable Fibre-channel HDD. We have
replaced the data analyses servers and RAID file systems for the experimental data in the spring of 2012. Approximately 600 user accounts
are registered on this cluster system. We are adopting the latest version of the Scientific Linux (X86_64) as the primary operating system,
which is widely used in the accelerator research facilities, nuclear physics and high-energy physics communities in the world.
(2) Development, management and operation of the mail and information servers
We are operating RIBF.RIKEN.JP server as a mail/NFS/NIS server. This server is a core server of RIBF Linux/Unix cluster system.
This server was replaced in the summer of 2011 since it passed more than five years from the installation. Postfix has been used for mailtransport software and dovecot has been used for imap and pop services. These software packages enable secure and reliable mail delivery.
Sophos Email Security and Control (PMX) installed on the mail front-end servers tags spam mails and isolates virus-infected mails. The
probability to identify the spam is approximately 95-99%. We are operating several information servers such as WWW servers, Integrated
Digital Conference (INDICO) server, Wiki servers, Groupware servers, Windows Media and Quick Time streaming servers, and an
anonymous FTP server (FTP.RIKEN.JP).
(3) Development, management and operation of the data acquisition system
We have developed the standard data-acquisition system named as RIBFDAQ. This system can process up to 40 MB/s data. By using
parallel readout from front-end systems, the dead time could be small. To synchronize the independent DAQ systems, the time stamping
system has been developed. The resolution and depth of the time stamp are 10 ns and 48 bit, respectively. This time stamping system isvery useful for beta decay experiments such as EURICA and BRIKEN projects. The current main task is the DAQ coupling, because
detector systems with dedicated DAQ systems are transported to RIBF from foreign facilities. In case of SAMURAI Silicon(NSCL/TUM/WUSTL), the readout system is integrated into RIBFDAQ. The projects of MUST2 (GANIL), MINOS (CEA Saclay), andNeuLAND (GSI) cases, data taken by their DAQ systems are transferred to RIBFDAQ. For SPIRIT (RIKEN/GANIL/CEA Saclay/NSCL),RIBFDAQ data are sent to GET system that is a large-scale signal processing system for the time projection chamber. These cases, data aremerged in online. On the other hand, EURICA (GSI) and BRIKEN (GSI/Univ. Liverpool/IFIC) projects, we adopt the time stamping
system to use individual trigger for each detector system. In this case, data are merged in offline. In addition to the development DAQ
system, we are developing intelligent circuits based on FPGA. Mountable Controller (MOCO) is a very fast readout controller for VME
modules. General Trigger Operator (GTO) is an intelligent triggering NIM module. These new circuits are successfully working.
(4) Development, management and operation of the network environment
We have been managing the network environment collaborating with Advanced Center for Computing and Communications (ACCC).
All the Ethernet ports of the information wall sockets are capable of the Gigabit Ethernet connection (10/100/1000BT). Approximately 60
units of wireless LAN access points have been installed to cover the almost entire area of Nishina Center.
(5) Management of the information security
It is essential to take proper information security measures for information assets.
We are managing the information security of Nishina Center collaborating with ACCC.

- 402 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Team Leader
Takashi ICHIHARA (concurrent)
MemberYasushi WATANABE (concurrent)
Nishina Center Research Scientist
Hidetada BABA
Student Trainee
Ryousuke TANUMA- Mar. 31, 2014

- 403 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Research Instruments Group
Detector Team
1. Abstract

This team is in charge of development, fabrication, and operation of various detectors used for nuclear physics experiments at RIBF.
Our current main mission is maintenance and improvement of beam-line detectors which are used at BigRIPS separator and its succeeding
beam lines for beam diagnosis and particle identification of RI beams. We are also engaged in research and development of new detectorsthat can be used for higher-intensity RI beams.

2. Major Research Subjects

Development, fabrication, and operation of various detectors for nuclear physics experiments, including beam-line detectors which areused for the production and delivery of RI beams (beam diagnosis and particle identification).

3. Summary of Research Activity

The current research subjects are summarized as follows:(1) Maintenance and improvement of the beam-line detectors which are used at BigRIPS separator and its succeeding beam lines.
(2) Development of new beam-line detectors with radiation hardness and tolerance for higher counting rates(3) Development of a high dynamic range preamplifier for silicon strip detectors
Team Leader
Toshiyuki KUBO (Group Director)
Special Postdoctoral Researcher
Yuki SATO
Visiting Scientist
Kohei FUJIWARA (Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute)
Research Consultant
Hiroyuki MURAKAMI ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Students
Junior Research Associate
Hiroyuki MIYA - Mar. 31, 2014

- 404 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Applications Research Group
1. Abstract

This group promotes various applications of ion beams from RI Beam Factory. Radiation Biology Team studies various biologicaleffects of fast heavy ions and develops new technology to breed plants and microbials by heavy-ion irradiations. RI Applications Teamstudies production and application of radioisotopes for various research fields, development of trace element analysis and its application,and development of chemical materials for ECR ion sources.

2. Major Research Subjects

Research and development in biology, chemistry and materials science utilizing heavy-ion beams from RI Beam Factory.

3. Summary of Research Activity
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Biological effects of fast heavy ions.
Development of heavy-ion breeding.
Production and application of radioisotopes.
Developments of trace elements analyses
Group Director
Tomoko ABE
Assistants
Yoshiko SAKATA
Noriko KIYAMA- 405 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Applications Research Group
Radiation Biology Team
1. Abstract

Radiation biology team studies various biological effects of fast heavy ions. It also develops new technique to breed plants byheavy-ion irradiations. Fast heavy ions can produce dense and localized ionizations in matters along their tracks, in contrast to photons (Xrays and gamma rays) which produce randomly distributed isolated ionizations. This localized and dense ionization can cause double-strand
breaks of DNA which are not easily repaired and result in mutation more effectively than single-strand breaks. A unique feature of ourexperimental facility at the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron (RRC) is that we can irradiate living tissues in atmosphere since the delivered
heavy-ion beams have energies high enough to penetrate deep in matter. This team utilizes a dedicated beam line (E5B) of the RRC toirradiate microbes, plants and animals with beams ranging from carbon to iron. Its research subjects cover physiological study of DNA
repair, genome analyses of mutation, and development of mutation breeding of plants by heavy-ion irradiation. Some new cultivars havealready been brought to the market.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Study on the biological effects by heavy-ion irradiation
Studies on ion-beam breeding and genome analysis
Innovative application of heavy-ion beams

3. Summary of Research Activity

We study biological effects of fast heavy ions from the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron using 135A MeV C, N, Ne ions, 95A MeV Ar ions and
90A MeV Fe ions. We also develop breeding technology of microbes and plants. Main subjects are:(1) Study on the biological effects by heavy-ion irradiation
Heavy-ion beam deposits a concentrated amount of dose at just before stop with severely changing the LET. The peak of LET isachieved at the stopping point and known at the Bragg peak (BP). It is well known to be good for cancer therapy to adjust the BP to target
malignant cells. On the other hand, a uniform dose distribution is a key to the systematic study, and thus to the improvement of the mutation
efficiency. Therefore plants and microbes are treated using ions with stable LET. We investigated the effect of LET ranging from 22.5 to
640 keV/μm, on mutation induction using the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. The most effective LET (LETmax) was 30.0 keV/μm. In
the case of microbe (Mesorhizobium lothi), the results showed a higher incidence of deletion mutations for Fe ions at 640 KeV/m than for
C ions at 23-40 keV/m. Thus, the LET of ion beams seems to be an important factor affecting mutagenesis.
(2) Study on ion-beam breeding and genome analysis
In contrast to X rays and gamma rays, fast heavy ions are found to be useful for plant breeding since they only cause localized damage
on DNA and can induce mutations more effectively with lower dosage. Our team utilizes beams of fast heavy ions from the RRC todevelop heavy-ion breeding techniques. LETmax is effective for breeding because of its very high mutation frequency. Since most
mutations are small deletions, these are sufficient to disrupt a single gene. Thus, irradiation can efficiently generate knockout mutants of atarget gene, and can be applied to reverse genetics. Higher LET (> 290 keV/μm) was shown to efficiently generate large deletions ranging
from several to several tens of kbp. Many genes in the Arabidopsis genome (> 10%) are composed of tandem duplicated genes that sharefunctions. Previous studies demonstrated that large deletions were required to knockout tandem arrayed genes, and the appropriate deletion
size was estimated to be approximately 5–10 kbp, based on gene density in Arabidopsis. No method is currently available to efficiently
generate deletion mutants of this size. As such, higher LET irradiation is promising as a new mutagen suitable for the functional analysis oftandem duplicated genes.
(3) Innovative application of heavy-ion beams
We have formed a consortium for ion-beam breeding. It consisted of 24 groups in 1999. In 2013 it consisted of 164 groups from Japanand 18 from overseas. Breeding was performed previously using mainly flowers and ornamental plants. We have recently put a newJapanese barnyard millet cultivar with low amylose content and short culm, ‘Nebarikko No. 2’ on the market. Beneficial variants have beengrown for various plant species, such as high yield rice, semi-dwarf early rice, semi-dwarf buckwheat, hypoallergenic peanut, spinelessoranges, non-flowering Eucalyptus and lipids-hyperaccumulating unicellular alga. We also successfully isolated 4 salt-resistant lines of ricefrom 325 progeny lines. We collaborate with Miyagi prefecture and Tohoku University to breed salt-resistant lines in the more delicious
commercial rice varieties, ‘Hitomebore’ and ‘Manamusume’, that will grow normally and retain their good taste in saline paddy fields
affected by the recent tsunami. The target of heavy-ion breeding is extended from flowers to crops like grains so that it will contribute tosolve the global problems of food and environment.

- 406 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Team Leader
Tomoko ABE (Group Director)
Members
Katsunori ICHINOSE (Senior Technical Scientist)
Masako IZUMI (Senior Research Scientist)
Tokihiro IKEDA (Senior Research Scientist)
Kazuhide TSUNEIZUMI (Senior Research Scientist)
Teruyo TSUKADA (Senior Research Scientist)
Ryouhei MORITA (Technical Scientist)
Postdoctoral Researcher
Kotaro ISHIITechnical Staff I
Yoriko HAYASHI
Sachiko KOGURE (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Technical Staff II
Sumie OHBU
Visiting Scientists
Ryutaro AIDA (Natl. Inst. Floricult. Sci.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Mari AMINO (Tokai University Hospital) -Mar. 31, 2013
Chang-Hyu BAE (Sunchon Natl. Univ., Korea) -Mar. 31, 2013
Hiroyuki DAIMON (Osaka Pref. Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Ali FERJANI (Tokyo Gakugei Univ.)
Makoto FUJIWARA (Grad. Sch., Col. Arts Sci., Univ. of Tokyo)
Eitaro FUKATSU (Forest tree beeding Cet.)
Yoshiya FURUSAWA (Natl. Inst. Radiol. Sci.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Toshinari GODO (Botanic Gardens Toyama)
Misako HAMATANI (Hiroshima City Agric. Forest. Promot. Cen.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Yasuhide HARA (Kanagawa Inst. Agric. Sci.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Masanori HATASHITA (Wakasa Wan Energy Res. Cen.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Atsushi HIGASHITANI (Grad. Sch. Life Sci., Tohoku Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Ryoichi HIRAYAMA (Natl. Inst. Radiol. Sci.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Akiko HOKURA (Tokyo Denki Univ.)
Ichiro HONDA (Natl. Agric. Res. Cen.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Mitsugu HORITA (Hokuren Agri. Res. Inst.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Hiroyuki ICHIDA (Meiji Univ.)
Yuji ITO (Natl. Agric. Res. Cen., Hokkaido Region)
Akihiro IWASE (Grad. Sch. Engin., Osaka Pref. Univ.)
Hiroshi KAGAMI (Shizuoka Citrus Exp. Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Tetsuya KAKO (Suntory Flowers, Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Tsutomu KUBOYAMA (Ibaraki Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Norihiko MISHIMA (Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Yutaka MIYAZAWA (Grad. Sch. Life Sci., Tohoku Univ.)
Kazumitsu MIYOSHI (Fac. Bioresour. Sci., Akita Pref. Univ.)
Toshikazu MORISHITA (Inst. Rad. Breeding, Natl. Inst. Agric. Res.)
Koji MURAI (Fukui Pref. Univ.)
Francesco MUSUMECI (Catania Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Koichiro NISHIKAWA (FLORSAIKA CIA. LTDA.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Norihiro OHTSUBO (Natl. Inst. Floricult. Sci.)
Tomo OOMIYA (Hokkaido Ornamental Plants Veg. Res. Cen.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Masaya SAKAI (Fukuda Denshi Co., Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Kouichi SAKAMOTO (YUKIGUNI AGURI Co., Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Katsutomo SASAKI (National Agriculture and Food Research Organization)
Mikio SHIMADA (Kyoto Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
In-Ja SONG (Jeju National University)
Fumio SUGAWARA (Tokyo Univ. of Sci.) -Mar. 31, 201
Masao SUGIYAMA (Hokko Chem. Ind. Co., Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Keita SUGIYAMA (Nat. Inst. Veg.Tea Sci.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Ryuji SUGIYAMA (Ajinomoto, Co., INC.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Kazunori SUZUKI (Plant Biotech. Inst. Ibaraki Agric. Cen.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Masao SUZUKI (Natl. Inst. Radiol. Sci.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Kenichi SUZUKI (Suntory Flowers, Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Kunio SUZUKI (Technoflora, Co., Ltd.)
Hinako TAKEHISA (Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci.)- 407 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sachie TANAKA (Tokai Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Teruhiko TERAKAWA (Hokko Chem. Ind. Co., Ltd.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Ken TOKUHARA (Dogashima Orchid Cen.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Masanori TOMITA (CRIEPI)Tomojiro KOIDE (RIKEN VITAMIN Co., Ltd.)
Hisashi TSUJIMOTO (Fac. Agri., Tottori Univ.)
Kozo TSUKADA (Nippon Veterinary and Life-sci. Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Makoto UBUKATA (Hokkaido Univ.)
Masao WATANABE (Fac. Agri., Tohoku Univ.)
Yasuko YOSHIHARA(Japan Atomic Energy Agency) -Mar. 31, 2013
Koichiro YOSHIOKA (Tokai University Hospital) -Mar. 31, 2013
Visting Technicians
Tomojirou KOIDE (Riken Vitamin Co., Ltd.)
Takuji YOSHIDA (Takii Seed Co., Ltd.)
Research Fellows
Hideki ASAUMI (Ehime Agricultural Experiment Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Masataka CHAYA (Nagasaki Agr. Forest. Exp. Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Fumiko HIDAKA (Kagoshima Pref. Inst. for Agric. Dev.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Takeya ICHIKI - Mar. 31, 2014
Shunsuke IMANISHI (Natl. Inst.Veg. and Tea Sci.) - Mar. 31, 2014
Hiroaki KISAKA (Ajinomoto, Co., INC.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Yuri KURUMATANI (Chiba Pref. Agr. Res. Cent.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Chikara KUWATA (Chiba Pref. Agr. Res. Cent.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Tadanori MINO (Wadomari Cho Agr. Exp. Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Miyuki NISHI (Saga Agricultural Experiment Station) -Mar. 31, 2014
Kyousuke NIWA (Hyogo Pref. Res. Inst.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Tadahito OOTUBO (Wadomari Cho Agr. Exp. Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Yoshihide SAKITA (Wadomari Cho Agr. Exp. Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Tsukasa SHIRAO (Kagoshima Biotechnology Inst.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Keiichi TAKAGI (Wakasa-wan Energy Research Center) -Mar. 31, 2013
Tomihiro TAKESHITA -Mar. 31, 2014
Kei-ichiro UENO (Kagoshima Biotechnology Inst.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Naoji WAKITA (Wadomari Cho Agr. Exp. Station) -Mar. 31, 2013
Consultant
Hiroyuki SAITO (-Mar. 31, 2013)
Part-time Workers
Yuki SHIRAKAWA
Hideo TOKAIRIN
Taeko WAKANA
Satoko YASUDA
Mieko YAMADA
Anju MATSUNAGA ( - Apr. 5, 2013)
Honami OOHASHI (Aug.22, 2013-Sep. 6, 2013)
Students
Junior Research Associate
Liqiu MA (Grad. Sch. Sci. & Engin., Saitama Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2013
Student Trainees
Kentaro FUJITA
Hiroki KAWAMOTO -Mar. 31, 2014
Kana MIYOSHI
Takuto TAKAHASHI -Mar. 31, 2014
Fumitaka TAMEZAWA
Megumi UTSUGIFumitaka YAMAGISHI- 408 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Accelerator Applications Research GroupRI Applications Team
1. Abstract

The RI Applications Team develops production technologies of radioisotopes (RIs) at RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF) for application
studies in the fields of physics, chemistry, biology, medicine, and pharmaceutical and environmental sciences. We use the RIs mainly for
nuclear and radiochemical studies such as development of RI production technologies and chemistry of superheavy elements. The purified
RIs such as 65Zn and 109Cd are delivered to universities and institutes through Japan Radioisotope Association. We also develop newtechnologies of mass spectrometry for the trace-element analyses using accelerator technology and apply them to the research fields such ascosmochemistry, environmental science, archaeology and so on. We also develop chemical materials for ECR ion sources of the RIBF
accelerators.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)

Research and development of RI production technology at RIBF
RI application researches
Development of trace element analysis using accelerator techniques and its applications to geoscience and environmental science
Development of chemical materials for ECR ion sources of RIBF accelerators

3. Summary of Research Activity

RI Applications Team utilizes RIBF heavy-ion accelerators for following research subjects:(1) Research and development of RI production technology at RIBF and RI application studies
Due to its high sensitivity, the radioactive tracer technique has been successfully applied for investigations of the behavior of elementsin the fields of chemistry, biology, medicine, engineering, and environmental sciences. We have been developing production technologies
of useful radiotracers at RIBF and conducted their application studies in collaboration with many researchers in various fields. With
14-MeV proton, 24-MeV deuteron, and 50-MeV alpha beams from the AVF cyclotron, we presently produce about 30 long-lived
radiotracers from 7Be to 206Bi. Among them, 65Zn, 109Cd, and 88Y are delivered to Japan Radioisotope Association for fee-based distribution
to the general public in Japan. On the other hand, radionuclides of a large number of elements are simultaneously produced from metallic
targets such as natTi, natAg, natHf, and 197Au irradiated with a 135-MeV nucl.–1 14N beam from the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. These
multitracers are also supplied to universities and institutes as collaborative researches.
In 2013, we installed a new RI production system having an effective shield on the beam line of AVF to increase production yields of
RIs by intense beam irradiations. We produced 65Zn, 109Cd, and 88Y for our scientific researches on a regular schedule and supplied thesurpluses through Japan Radioisotope Association to the general public. In 2013, we have accepted 14 orders of 65Zn with a total activity of
72.7 MBq, 5 orders of 109Cd with 14.15 MBq, and 1 order of 88Y with 30 kBq. We also developed production technologies for new
radioisotopes such as 28Mg, 75Se, 85Sr, 99Mo, and 124I which were strongly demanded but lack supply sources in Japan. We also investigatedthe excitation functions for the natNi(d,x), natZn(d,x), natZr(d,x), natZr(α,x), natHf(d,x), and natPt(d,x) reactions to effectively produce useful
RIs.
(2) Superheavy element chemistry
Chemical characterization of newly-discovered superheavy elements (SHEs, atomic numbers Z ≥ 104) is an extremely interesting andchallenging subject in modern nuclear and radiochemistry. We are developing SHE production systems as well as rapid single-atomchemistry apparatuses at RIBF. Using heavy-ion beams from RILAC and AVF, long-lived SHEs such as 261Rf, 262Db, and 265Sg areproduced, and their chemical properties are investigated.
We have been developing a gas-jet transport system at the focal plane of the gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS at RILAC. Thissystem is a promising approach for exploring new frontiers in SHE chemistry: (i) the background radioactivity of unwanted reaction
products are strongly suppressed, (ii) the intense beam is absent in the gas-jet chamber and hence high gas-jet efficiency is achieved, and(iii) the beam-free condition also allows for investigations of new chemical systems. In 2013, the isotope of 262Db was produced in thereaction of 248Cm(19F,5n)262Db, and the decay properties of 262Db and its α-decay daughter 258Lr were investigated in detail using therotating wheel apparatus MANON for α/SF spectrometry. Toward the SHE chemistry behind GARIS, we also developed agas-chromatograph apparatus directly coupled to GARIS, which enabled in-situ complexation and gas-chromatographic separation of alarge variety of volatile compounds of SHEs. In 2013, a cryogenic gas-chromatograph apparatus developed by the GSI-Mainz Univ. groupwas shipped to RIKEN, and the gas-phase chemistry with the organo-metallic compound of Sg(CO)6 was successfully conducted incollaboration with Helmholtz-Institut Mainz, GSI, Mainz Univ., JAEA, Bern Univ., PSI, IMP, Hirosima Univ., Kyushu Univ., Niigata Univ.,
UC Berkeley, LBNL, and Saitama Univ.
At the AVF cyclotron, an automated hydroxide precipitation apparatus was developed in collaboration with Osaka Univ. Using theapparatus, the hydroxide complexation of 261Rf was investigated with its homologues 85Zr and 169Hf. A batch-type solid-liquid extraction
apparatus for a repetitive extraction experiment of SHEs was also developed in the HCl-TIOA system with Osaka Univ. using 85Zr and
169Hf. In 2013, a reversed-phase TTA extraction of 261Rf and its homologues 85Zr and 169Hf was conducted in HF/HNO solutions using
3
Automated Rapid Chemistry Apparatus (ARCA) developed at GSI-Mainz Univ.-JAEA. In collaboration with Niigata Univ. and JAEA, areversed-phase TBP extraction experiment of 90Nb and 170Ta were conducted using ARCA for the future 262Db chemistry.
(3) Applications of RIKEN RI technologies for the Fukushima accident in 2011

- 409 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Since the Fukushima Dai-ichi power plant accident in 2011, we have contributed radioactivity measurements of various samples suchas soils and foods, and developed a low-cost radiation detector for foods.
(4) Development of trace element analysis using accelerator techniques and its application to geoscience and environmental science
We developed new mass spectrometry technologies for trace element analyses as an application of accelerator technology to various
fields such as cosmochemistry, environmental science, and archaeology. ECRIS-AMS is a new type of accelerator mass spectrometry at
RILAC equipped with an ECR ion source. This system is available for measuring trace elements (10–14–10–15 level) and is expected to be
especially effective for measurements of low-electron-affinity elements such as 26Al, 41Ca, and 53Mn. In 2013, we have renovated thedetection system and examined the sensitivity and mass resolution power. We also attempted to develop another technology by customizing
a mass spectrometer equipped with a stand-alone ECR ion source for analyses of elemental and isotopic abundances. Furthermore, we
analyzed sulfur and lead isotope ratios for cinnabar samples from ancient tombs in Japan to elucidate the origin of cinnabar.
(5) Development of chemical materials for ECR ion sources of RIBF
In 2013, we investigated a production method of 238U(C8H8)2 for the ECR ion source of RIBF. We also prepared metallic 238U and238UO on a regular schedule.
2
Team Leader
Hiromitsu HABA
MemberKazuya TAKAHASHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Postdoctoral Researcher
Minghui HUANG ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Technical Staff I
Jumpei KANAYA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Research Consultant
Seiichi SHIBATA ( - Mar. 31, 2014)
Junior Research Associate
Masashi MURAKAMI (Niigata Univ.)
Part-time Worker
Michiko KITAGAWA
Visiting Scientists
Mayeen Uddin KHANDAKER (Univ. Malaya)
Hidetoshi KIKUNAGA (Tohoku Univ.)
Kazuhiro OOE (Niigata Univ.)
Hiroshi SHIMIZU (Rissho University)
Miho TAKAHASHI (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.)
Masayoshi TODA (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.)
Takahiro YAMADA (Japan Radiation Association)
Akihiko YOKOYAMA (Kanazawa Univ.)
Visting Technicians
Yuichiro WAKITANI (Japan Radiation Association)
Shinya YANOU (Japan Radiation Association)
Student Trainees
Ryuji AONO (Niigata Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yoshiki FUKUDA (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Naoya GOTO (Niigata Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Kazunori HAYASHI (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Junichi HIRATA (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.)Hajime KIMURA (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yuuta KITAYAMA (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Takumi KOYAMA (Niigata Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Eita MAEDA (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Kouhei NAKAMURA (Osaka Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yuri OBI (Tokyo Univ. Marine Sci. and Tech.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Daisuke SATO (Niigata Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yudai SHIGEKAWA (Osaka Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Yuuki SHIGEYOSHI (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Takumi TANIGUCHI (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Keigo TOYOMURA (Osaka Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014

- 410 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Shohei TSUTO (Niigata Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014
Shingo UENO (Kanazawa Univ.) -Mar. 31, 2014

- 411 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
1. Abstract

The essential mission of the “User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation (ULIC) Group” is to maximize the research activities of RIBF
by attracting users in various fields with a wide scope.
The ULIC Group consists of two teams.
The User Support Team provides various supports to visiting RIBF users through the User’s Office. The Industrial Cooperation Teamsupports potential users in industries who use the beams for application purposes or for accelerator related technologies other than basic
research. Production of various radioisotopes by the AVF cyclotron is also one of the important missions. The produced radioisotopes are
distributed to researchers in Japan for a charge through the Japan Radioisotope Association.
In addition the ULIC Group takes care of laboratory tours for RIBF visitors from public. The numbers of visitors amounts to 2,300 per
year.
Group Director
Hideyuki SAKAI
Deputy Group Director
Hideki UENO (concurrent: User Support)
Members
Mieko KOGURE (Technical Assistant) (-Mar. 31, 2014)
Aiko NAKAO (Senior Research Scientist) (Feb. 1, 2013-Apr. 30, 2013)
Special Temporary Employee
Tadashi KAMBARA
Senior Visiting Scientists
Ikuko HAMAMOTO (The Lund University)
Munetake ICHIMURA (The University of Tokyo)
Assistants
Yoshiko SAKATA (- Oct. 31, 2013)
Noriko KIYAMA
Tomoko IWANAMI
Katsura IWAI
Emiko ISOGAI ( - Mar. 31,2013)- 412 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
User Support Office
1. Abstract

To enhance synergetic common use of the world-class accelerator facility, the Radioisotope Beam Factory (RIBF), it is necessary to
promote a broad range of applications and to maximize the facility’s importance. The facilitation and promotion of the RIBF are importantmissions charged to the team. Important operational activities of the team include: i) the organization of international Program Advisory
Committee (PAC) meetings to review experimental proposals submitted by RIBF users, ii) RIBF beam-time operation management, andiii) promotion of facility use by hosting outside users through the RIBF Independent Users program, which is a new-user registration
program begun in FY2010 at the RIKEN Nishina Center (RNC) to enhance the synergetic common use of the RIBF. The team opened the
RIBF Users Office in the RIBF building in 2010, which is the main point of contact for Independent Users and provides a wide range ofservices and information.

2. Major Research Subjects(1)(2)

Facilitation of the use of the RIBF
Promotion of the RIBF to interested researchers

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Facilitation of the use of the RIBF
The RIBF Users Office, formed by the team in 2010, is a point of contact for user registration through the RIBF Independent User
program. This activity includes:
registration of users as RIBF Independent Users,
registration of radiation workers at the RIKEN Wako Institute,provision of an RIBF User Card (a regular entry permit) and an optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter for each RIBF
Independent User, andprovision of safety training for new registrants regarding working around radiation, accelerator use at the RIBF facility, andinformation security, which must be completed before they begin RIBF research.
The RIBF Users Office is also a point of contact for users regarding RIBF beam-time-related paperwork, which includes:contact for beam-time scheduling and safety review of experiments by the In-House Safety Committee,
preparation of annual Accelerator Progress Reports, andmaintaining the above information in a beam-time record database.
In addition, the RIBF Users Office assists RIBF Independent Users with matters related to their visit, such as invitation procedures,visa applications, and the reservation of on-campus accommodation.
(2) Promotion of the RIBF to interested researchers
The team has organized an international PAC for RIBF experiments; it consists of leading scientists worldwide and reviews
proposals in the field of nuclear physics (NP) purely on the basis of their scientific merit and feasibility. The team also assists
another PAC meeting for material and life sciences (ML) organized by the RNC Advanced Meson Laboratory. The NP and ML PAC
meetings are organized twice a year.
The team coordinates beam times for PAC-approved experiments and other development activities. It manages the operatingschedule of the RIBF accelerator complex according to the decisions arrived at by the RIBF Machine Time Committee.
- To promote research activities at RIBF, proposals for User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group symposia/mini-workshops are
solicited broadly both inside and outside of the RNC. The RIBF Users Office assists in the related paperwork.
The team is the point of contact for the RIBF users’ association. It arranges meetings at RNC headquarters for the RIBF User
Executive Committee of the users’ association.
- The Team conducts publicity activities, such as arranging for RIBF tours, development and improvement of the RNC official web
site, and delivery of RNC news via email and the web.
Team Leader
Ken-ichiro YONEDA
Deputy Team Leader
Yasushi WATANABE (concurrent)
Technical Staff I
Narumasa MIYAUCHI
Visiting Scientists
Yoshiteru SATO (Seoul National University) - Aug. 31, 2013
Masayuki YAMAGAMI (University of Aizu) - Aug. 31, 2013

- 413 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
User Liaison and Industrial Cooperation Group
Industrial Cooperation Office
1. Abstract

Industrial cooperation team handles non-academic activities at RIBF corresponding to industries and to general public.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)

(3)

Fee-based distribution of radioisotopes produced at RIKEN AVF Cyclotron
Support of industrial application using the RIBF accelerator beam and its related technologies including novel industrial
applications.
Development of real-time wear diagnostics of industrial material using RI beams

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Fee-based distribution of radioisotopes
This team handles fee-based distribution of radioisotopes Zn-65, Y-88 and Cd-109 from 2007, which are produced by the RI
application team at the AVF cyclotron, to nonaffiliated users under a Material Transfer Agreement between Japan Radioisotope Association
and RIKEN. In 2013, we delivered five shipments of Cd-109 with a total activity of 14.15 MBq and 14 shipments of Zn-65 with a total
activity of 72.7 MBq. In addition, we delivered the first shipment of Y-88 with an activity of 0.03 MBq. The final recipients of the RIs wereeight universities, two research institutes and one private company.
(2) Support of Industrial application using RIBF
In November 2009, RNC started a new project “Promotion of applications of high-energy heavy ions and RI beams” as a grant-in-aid
program of MEXT “Sharing Advanced Facilities for Common Use Program”. In this project, RNC opens the old part of the RIBF facility,
which includes the AVF cyclotron, RILAC, RIKEN Ring Cyclotron and experimental instruments like RIPS, to non-academic proposals
from users including private companies. This MEXT program was terminated in September 2010, but RNC succeed and promote thisfacility sharing program after that. The proposals are reviewed by a program advisory committee, industrial PAC. The proposals whichhave been approved by the industrial PAC are allocated with beam times and the users pay RIKEN the beam time fee. The intellectual
properties obtained by the use of RIBF belong to the users. In order to encourage the use of RIBF by those who are not familiar withutilization of ion beams, the first two beam times of each proposal can be assigned to trial uses which are free of beam time fee.
The industrial PAC met for the first time in January 2010, and reviewed and approved two proposals as trial uses. The beam times ofboth proposals were executed successfully in 2010 at the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron and RILAC. The second meeting held in June 2010
reviewed four proposals and approved three of them as trial uses. Beam times of two of the proposals were successfully executed in 2010
and 2011 at the RIKEN Ring Cyclotron. The third meeting held in July 2012 reviewed one proposal and approved it.
(3) Development of real-time wear diagnostics using RI beams
We are promoting a method for real-time wear diagnostics of industrial material using RI beams as tracers. This new method wasdeveloped by a close collaboration with Sumitomo Heavy Industry, which led to an application of a patent. For that purpose, very intense
RI beams of 7Be (T1/2=52 days) at 4.1 MeV/u and 22Na (T1/2=2.6 years) at 3.7 MeV/u were produced via the (p,n) reaction at the CRIB
separator using beams from the AVF cyclotron. In the past, those RIs were produced at the RIPS separator using beams from the RRC,
which are constantly used for the academic research. The RI beam production by the AVF cyclotron alone increases flexibility in the
beam-time scheduling and more importantly leads to reduce the production cost for industrial users.
As we can provide RI beams of different nuclides and control the implantation depth, we have developed a novel method of wear
diagnostics in collaboration with Sumitomo Heavy Industry (SHI) Examination & Inspection Ltd., SHI Technology Research Center and
CNS and jointly applied for a patent. Implantation of different RI for both machine parts contacting each other, one can distinguish thewear-loss rate of both interacting parts simultaneously. Implantation of one or a few RIs with controlling its depth profile, it can beapplicable for processing a wear-loss gauge on a machine part. We are also developing a new method to determine the spatial distribution of
positron-emitting RIs on periodically-moving objects in a closed system, which can be used for real-time evaluation of wear loss in arunning machine. This is based on the same principle as the medical PET systems but is simpler and less expensive.
Team Leader
Atsushi YOSHIDA
Members
Hiroshige TAKEICHI (Senior Research Scientist)
Aiko NAKAO (-Jan. 31, 2013)
Visiting Scientists
Shuhei TATEMICHI (Fuji Electric Systems)
Masanori INOUE (Fuji Electric Systems)- 414 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF Research Division
Safety Management Group
1. Abstract

The RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science possesses one of the largest accelerator facilities in the world, which
consists of two heavy-ion linear accelerators and five cyclotrons. This is the only site in Japan where uranium ions are accelerated. The
center also has electron accelerators of microtron and synchrotron storage ring. Our function is to keep the radiation level in and around thefacility below the allowable limit and to keep the exposure of workers as low as reasonably achievable. We are also involved in the safety
management of the Radioisotope Center, where many types of experiments are performed with sealed and unsealed radioisotopes.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Safety management at radiation facilities of Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
Safety management at Radioisotope Center
Radiation shielding design and development of accelerator safety systems

3. Summary of Research Activity

Our most important task is to keep the personnel exposure as low as reasonably achievable, and to prevent an accident. Therefore, wedaily patrol the facility, measure the ambient dose rates, maintain the survey meters, shield doors and facilities of exhaust air andwastewater, replenish the protective supplies, and manage the radioactive waste. Advice, supervision and assistance at major accelerator
maintenance works are also our task.
We revised the safety interlock system of RIBF building to meet the requirement due to the installations of SLOWRI and R3 detectors.
Four neutron monitors were additionally placed around the rooms, and connected with the interlock system to stop the ion beam whenradiation level rose. The local shields in the experiment vaults were partly modified.
A new experiment room for measurement of short-half-life radionuclide was made in the pump room of the linac building, and an
exhaust system with a high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filter was installed there. Contamination test apparatuses were installed.
For the above modifications we applied for the government license 5 times, and underwent the government inspections 4 times.
We developed ionization chambers which were fairly resistant to radiation, and installed them in the SRC vault. The real-time dose
rate values are shown at the entrance of the vault.
Group Director
Yoshitomo UWAMINO
Deputy Group Director
Kanenobu TANAKA (Technical Scientist)
Nishina Center Technical Scientists
Hisao SAKAMOTO
Rieko HIGURASHI HIRUNUMA
Takeshi MAIE (concurrent)
Technical Staff I
Atsuko AKASHIO
Tomoyuki DANTSUKA (concurrent)
Assistant
Tomomi OKAYASU
Assigned Employee
Hiroki MUKAI
Temporary Staffing
Hiroyuki FUKUDA (- Mar. 31, 2014)
Satoshi HASHIGUCHI (- Mar. 31, 2013)
Mamoru TAKEKOSHI (Apr. 1, 2013 -)Yoshiyuki YAMAUCHI (Apr. 1, 2013 -)Research Consultant
Masaharu OKANO
Visiting Scientists
Takashi NAKAMURA (Shimizu Corporation)
Koji OHISHI (Shimizu Corporation)
Noriaki NAKAO (Shimizu Corporation)- 415 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Part-time Workers
Hiroko AISO
Shin FUJITA
Kimie IGARASHI
Satomi IIZUKA
Hiroshi KATO
Kazushiro NAKANO (- Mar. 31, 2014)
Tsutomu YAMAKI (- Mar. 31, 2013)- 416 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Partner Institution

The Nishina Center established the research partnership system in 2008. This system permits an external institute to develop its own
projects at the RIKEN Wako campus in equal partnership with the Nishina Center. At present, three institutes, Center for Nuclear Study of
the University of Tokyo (CNS), Institute of Particle and Nuclear Studies of KEK (KEK), and Department of Physics, Niigata University(Niigata) are conducting research activities under the research partnership system.
CNS and the Nishina Center signed the partnership agreement in 2008. Until then, CNS had collaborated in joint programs withRIKEN under the “Research Collaboration Agreement on Heavy Ion Physics” (collaboration agreement) signed in 1998. The partnershipagreement redefines procedures related to the joint programs while keeping the spirit of the collaboration agreement. The joint programs
include experimental nuclear physics activities using CRIB, SHARAQ, GRAPE at RIBF, theoretical nuclear physics activities with
ALPHLEET, accelerator development, and activities at RHIC PHENIX.
The partnership agreement with the Niigata University was signed in 2010. The activity includes theoretical and experimental nuclear
physics, and nuclear chemistry.
KEK started low-energy nuclear physics activity at RIBF in 2011 under the research partnership system. The newly constructedisotope separator KISS will be available for the users in near future.
The activities of CNS, Niigata, and KEK are reported in the following pages.

- 417 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Partner Institution
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science
The University of Tokyo
1. Abstract

The Center for Nuclear Study (CNS) aims to elucidate the nature of nuclear system by producing the characteristic states where theIsospin, Spin and Quark degrees of freedom play central roles. These researches in CNS lead to the understanding of the matter based oncommon natures of many-body systems in various phases. We also aim at elucidating the explosion phenomena and the evolution of theuniverse by the direct measurements simulating nuclear reactions in the universe. In order to advance the nuclear science with heavy-ion
reactions, we develop AVF upgrade, CRIB and SHARAQ facilities in the large-scale accelerators laboratories RIBF. We started a new
project OEDO for a new energy-degrading scheme is proposed, where a RF deflector system is introduced to obtain a good quality of
low-energy beam. We promote collaboration programs at RIBF as well as RHIC-PHENIX and ALICE-LHC with scientists in the world,and host international meetings and conferences. We also provide educational opportunities to young scientists in the heavy-ion sciencethrough the graduate course as a member of the department of physics in the University of Tokyo and through hosting the international
summer school.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)

Accelerator Physics
Nuclear Astrophysics
Nuclear spectroscopy of exotic nuclei
Quark physics
Nuclear Theory
SHARAQ project
Active Target Development

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Accelerator Physics
One of the Major tasks of the accelerator group is the AVF upgrade project that includes development of ion sources, upgrading the
AVF cyclotron of RIKEN and the beam line to CRIB. Development of ECR heavy ion sources is to provide a new HI beams, higher andstable beams of metallic ions, and to improve the control system. The Hyper ECR and the Super ECR sources provide all the beams for the
AVF cyclotron and support not only CRIB experiments but also a large number of RIBF experiments. Injection beam monitoring andcontrol are being developed and studied. Detailed study of the optics from the ion sources are expected to improve transmission andqualities of beams for the RIBF facility.
(2) Nuclear Astrophysics
The nuclear astrophysics group in CNS is working for experiments using the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB.
In September, 2013, beta-delayed alpha decay of 16N, which is relevant for the astrophysical 12C(a,g) reaction rate,was measured at
CRIB using an active target system (GEM-MSTPC).
Many decay events were detected from 16N beam particles stopped in the active target. 15O and 10Be beams were produced for the first timeat CRIB, and both beams will be used for resonant scattering experiments.
Based on recent collaboration on nuclear astrophysics at CRIB, two memorunda of understanding on the collaborated research have been
made between CNS and IBS (Korea), and CNS, INFN-LNS (Italy) and CNS-SKKU (Korea).
(3) Nuclear structure of exotic nuclei
The NUSPEQ (NUclear SPectroscopy for Extreme Quantum system) group studies exotic structures in high-isospin and/or high-spinstates in nuclei. The CNS GRAPE (Gamma-Ray detector Array with Position and Energy sensitivity) is a major apparatus forhigh-resolution in-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy. Missing mass spectroscopy using the SHARAQ is going to start as another approachon exotic nuclei. In 2013, the following progress has been made.
Experimental programs under the EURICA collaboration were performed for studying evolution of deformation in neutron-rich Z~60
nuclei, which are being analyzed now. High-spin states in A~40 nuclei were measured at Tandem ALTO facility at IPN Orsay by using
fusion reaction, where a new candidate of superdeformed states were found in 35S.
Gamow-Teller transitions of 8He were studied by the (p,n) reaction in inverse kinematics, where a prominent sharp peak at Ex~8 MeV
was found to be the Gamow-Teller resonance. Exothemic charge exchange reactions (8He,8Li*(1+)) on 12C and 4He are being analyzed
now. Experiment on the tetra-neutron system via the 4He(8He,8Be)4n reaction is being analyzed, where several tens of events wereidentified to be candidates of the 4n system just above the threshold.
The readout system of 14 detectors of the CNS GRAPE was upgraded, where digital pulse data taken by sampling ADCs are analyzed
by FPGAs on boards.
Experimental setup of studying tetra neutron system using the double-charge exchange reaction 4He(8He,8Be)4n at 200 A MeV wasprepared for the measurement in April 2012.

- 418 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(4) Quark Physics
Main goal of the quark physics group is to understand the properties of hot and dense nuclear matter created by colliding heavy
nuclei at relativistic energies. The group has been involved in the PHENIX experiment at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at
Brookhaven National Laboratory, and the ALICE experiment at Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN.
As for PHENIX, the group has been concentrating on the physics analysis involving leptons and photons; dark photon searches in
low mass Dalitz decays, J/ production in ultra-peripheral Au+Au collisions, and electron measurement from semi-leptonic decay of heavy
flavor mesons which uses the Si VTX detector subsystem.
As for ALICE, the group has involved in the data analyses, which include production of multi-particle correlation in Pb+Pb
collisions, nuclear modification of energetic neutral pions in Pb+Pb collisions, and measurement of low-mass lepton pairs in Pb+Pb andp+Pb collisions. The group started to involve in the ALICE-TPC upgrade using a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) in 2012. Systematicstudies of gain stability, ion back flow, and energy resolutions with various field configurations are underway at CNS and at CERN.
Performance evaluation of the COBRA-GEM for the ALICE-TPC upgrade is underway.
R&D of GEM and related techniques has been continuing. Development of resistive GEM with resistive anodes and GEM with glass
insulator have been progressing in collaboration with the Tamagawa group of RIKEN.
(5) Nuclear Theory
The nuclear theory group has been promiting the RIKEN-CNS Collaboration project on large-scale nuclear structure calculations since2001 and maintain its PC cluster. Based on this experience and its achievements, we participated in activities of HPCI Strategic Programs forInnovative Research (SPIRE) Field 5 “The origin of matter and universe” since 2011. The SPIRE project aims at an integral understanding of
the origin and structure of matter and the universe utilizing the K computer.
In the SPIRE project, we are in charge of the elucidation of nuclear prop-erties using ultra large-scale simulations of quantum
many-body systems and its applications. In order to perform large-scale shell-model calcu- lations, we developed an efficient computer
program of the Monte Carlo Shell Model (MCSM) method for massive parallel computation, and per- formed benchmark calculations at K
computer. We have studied both the medium-heavy and light nuclei with large model space on K computer in 2013. In medium-heavy
nuclei, we successfully describe the shape coexis- tence for 68Ni. In light nuclei, systematic calculations have been performed withincreasing the number of the major shells. The α cluster structure in Be isotopes has been also studied.
(6) SHARAQ project
A main subject of the SHARAQ program is charge-exchange reactions induced by heavy-ion beams, with which a variety of
selectivities in transferred quantum numbers, S, T, Tz, L etc, are available.
This year SHARAQ group made preparations for the coming two experiments.
One was for the develpment of parity-transfer probe (16O, 16 F(g.s.)) reaction.
A MWDC was installed at the exit of the first dipole magnet of SHARAQ to track the proton produced from the instant decay of 16 F(g.s.) 
15 F + p.
The other was for the mass measurement around A~50 isotopes including 54Ca by the B-TOF method.
For this purpose, a set of CVD diamond detectors was developed and we attained a time resolution of 27~ps.
Also a detector system for tagging the isomers at the final focal plane of the SHARAQ was developed.
As a project of near future, a letter of intent was submitted to NP-PAC aiming at studying spin-isospin response of isomers by (p,n)
reaction.
(7) Active Target Development
In a project of active target development launched as an intergroup collaboration in 2009, two types of active target have been developed.
Technical development such as a capability of gating operation of GEM has been done for one active target and the alpha emission following
the beta decay of 16N was measured with the same active target. The development for the high intensity beam injection is being performed forthe other active target. The test experiment with a high intensity 132Xe beam was performed.

Director
Takaharu OTSUKA
Scientific Staff
Susumu SHIMOURA (Professor)
Hideki HAMAGAKI (Professor)
Kentaro YAKO (Associate Professor)
Noritaka SHIMIZU (Project Associate Professor)
Hidetoshi YAMAGUCHI (Lecturer)
Shin'ichiro MICHIMASA (Assistant Professor)
Taku GUNJI (Assistant Professor)
Shinsuke OTA (Assistant Professor)
Guest Scientists
Hiroaki UTSUNOMIYA (Guest Professor)
Yutaka UTSUNO (Guest Associate Professor)- 419 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Technical Staff
Norio YAMAZAKI
Yukimitsu OHSHIRO
Techinical Assistants
Shin-ichi WATANABE (~3.2013)
Hiroshi KUREI
Takehiko SENOO
Akira YOSHINO
Shoichi YAMAKA
Kazuyuki YOSHIMURA
Masahiko TANAKA
Project Research Associates
Hisayuki TORII (~3.2013)
Tooru YOSHIDA
Yoritaka IWATA (1.2013~)
Post Doctoral Associates
Shuichiro EBATA (~3.2013)
Yorito YAMAGUCHI
Taro NANAODavid, STEPPENBECK
Tomoaki TOGASHI (3.2013~)
Graduate Students
David. M KAHL
Masashi, MATSUSHITA
Akihisa TAKAHARA
Hiroyuki MIYA
Ryoji AKIMOTO (~3.2013)
Hiroshi TOKIEDA
Tomoya TSUJI
Shintaro GO (~3.2013)
Shoichiro KAWASE
ShinIchi HAYASHI
KeiIchi KISAMORI
Motonobu TAKAKI
Tang T. LEUNG (~3.2013)
Yuko SEKIGUCHIRin YOKOYAMA
Yuki KUBOTA
CheongSoo LEE
Kohei TERASAKI
Motoki KOBAYASHI
Kentaro YUKAWA (4.2013~)
Administration Staff
Hiroshi YOSHIMURA
Ikuko YAMAMOTO
Takako ENDO
Yukino KISHI
Toshiko ITAGAKI
Yuko SOMA- 420 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Partner Institution
Center for Radioactive Ion Beam Sciences, Institute of Natural Science and Technology

Niigata University
1. Abstract

The Center for Radioactive Ion Beam Sciences, Niigata University, aims at uncovering the properties of atomic nuclei and heavy
elements and their roles in the synthesis of elements, with use of the advanced techniques of heavy ion and radioactive ion beam
experiments as well as the theoretical methods. Main research subjects include the measurements of various reaction cross sections andmoments of neutron- or proton-rich nuclei, synthesis of super-heavy elements and radio-chemical studies of heavy nuclei, and theoreticalstudies of exotic nuclei based on quantum many-body methods and various nuclear models. In addition, we promote interdisciplinary
researches related to the radioactive ion beam sciences, such as applications of radioactive isotopes and radiation techniques to materialsciences, nuclear engineering and medicine. Many of them are performed in collaboration with RIKEN Nishina Center and with use of the
RIBF facilities. The center emphasizes also its function of graduate education in corporation with the Graduate School of Science andTechnology, Niigata University, which invites three researchers in RIKEN Nishina Center as visiting professors.

2. Major Research Subjects
(1)
(2)
(3)

Reaction cross section and radii of neutron-rich nuclei
Production of superheavy nuclei and radiochemistry of heavy elements
Nuclear theory

3. Summary of Research Activity(1) Reaction cross section and radii of neutron-rich nuclei
The experimental nuclear physics group has studied nuclear structure with the RI beam. One of our main interests is theinteraction/reaction cross section measurements. They are good probes to investigate nuclear matter radii and nuclear matter distributions
including halo or skin structure. Recently we have measured the interaction sections of Ne, Na, Mg and Al isotopes from stable region toneutron drip line with BigRIPS in RIBF. We found a large enhancement of cross section at 31Ne. It suggests that 31Ne nucleus has a neutron
halo. It is consistent with the soft E1 excitation measurement. We also found an enhancement at 37Mg. For odd-Z nuclei, Na and Al, we did
not find such a large enhancement from neighbor isotopes. The systematics of observed interaction/reaction cross sections shows thechanging of nuclear structure from stable region to neutron drip line via island of inversion.
(2) Production of superheavy nuclei and radiochemistry of heavy elements
The nuclear chemistry group has been investigating decay properties of super-heavy nuclei, measured the excitation functions ofrutherfordium isotopes, and clarified the ambiguity of the assignment of a few-second spontaneously fissioning isotope of 261Rf. The new
equipment designed for measurement of short-lived alpha emitters is under development.
For the chemistry research of super-heavy elements, preparatory experiments, such as solvent extraction for the group 4, 5, and 6thelements and gaseous phase chemistry for group-4 elements, have been performed using radioisotopes of corresponding homolog elements.
(3) Nuclear theory
One of the main activities of the nuclear theory group concerns with developments of the nuclear density functional theory andexploration of novel correlations and excitations in exotic nuclei. A fully selfconsistent scheme of the quasiparticle random phaseapproximation (QRPA) on top of the Skyrme-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov mean-field for deformed nuclei has been developed in the group.
The versatility of this method to describe the deformation splitting of the giant resonances associated with the onset of deformation has
been demonstrated for the first time by the intensive numerical calculation performed for Nd and Sm isotopes. The same method is further
extended to describe the spin-isospin modes of excitation in deformed neutron-rich nuclei. A successful description of the Gamov-Teller
beta-decay transition rate in the neutron-rich Zr isotopes is achieved with this method. Another correlation of interest in neutron-rich nuclei
is the pair correlation, for which the spatial di-neutron correlation has been a key topic. Applying the continuum QRPA to the pairing modesof excitation in neutron-rich Sn isotopes, we predict the emergence of an anomalous pair vibration for isotopes with A>132. Furthermore
the new mode is predicted to exhibits the di-neutron character. In addition to these studies, activities related to the proton-neutron pairing,the di-neutron correlation in the asymptotic tail in drip-line nuclei, the quasiparticle resonances in unbound odd-N nuclei are under way.
Cluster structure and the ab initio studies of light nuclei are also important research subjects of the theory group.

Director
Masayuki MATSUO (Professor)
Scientific Staff
Hisaaki KUDO (Professor)
Takashi OHTSUBO (Associate Professor)
Shin-ichi GOTO (Associate Professor)
Shigeyoshi AOYAMA (Associate Professor)
Takuji IZUMIKAWA (Associate Professor)
Kenichi YOSHIDA (Assistant Professor)
Kazuhiro OOE (Assistant Professor)- 421 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Jun GOTO (Assistant Professor)
Post Doctoral Associate
Hirotaka SHIMOYAMA
Graduate Students
Kazuya HIROKAWA
Yoshihiko KOBAYASHI
Junpei ANZAISho KANESAWA- 422 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Partner Institution
Radioactive Nuclear Beam Group, IPNS (Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies)
KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization)
1. Abstract

The on-line tests of the KISS (KEK Isotope Separation System) were performed by using 56Fe and 124Xe beam from RIKEN Ring
Cyclotron. The performance (overall extraction efficiency and selectivity) with increasing those beam intensities was investigated. Especiallyin the test using the 124Xe beam, the target (198Pt)-recoils were successfully extracted as singly charged ions. Although the overall efficiency
achieved so far was smaller by about one order of magnitude than expected, measurements of lifetime of beta-decaying Pt-like recoils are tobe performed, while further developing the performance by using 136Xe beam. Some other activities related to the research subjects itemized
below are also included.

2. Major Research Subjects(1) Radioactive isotope beam production and manipulation for nuclear experiments.
(2) Explosive nucleosyhnthesis (rp- and r-process).
(3) Heavy ion reaction mechanism for producing heavy neutron-rich nuclei.
(4) Single particle states of neutron-rich nuclei by isobaric analog resonances.
(5) Development of RNB probes for materials science applications.
3. Summary of Research Activity

The KISS is an element-selective isotope separator using a magnetic mass separator combined with in-gas-cell resonant laser ionization.
The gas cell filled with argon gas of 50 kPa is a central component of the KISS for extracting only the element of interest as ion beam for
subsequent mass separation. In the cell, the element primarily produced by low-energy heavy ion reactions is stopped (thermalization andneutralization), transported by buffer gas (argon gas-flow of ~50 kPa in the present case), and then re-ionized by laser irradiation just before
the exit. Therefore, it is desirable that the gas cell would keep high performance of extraction efficiency and selectivity (ratio of the numberof ions extracted with laser operation to that without laser operation) throughout these processes. The absolute extraction efficiency andselectivity of the gas cell was investigated in the on-line test experiments where stable beams of 56Fe and 124Xe were directly injected forproviding the gas cell with controlled number of atoms (56Fe case) and energetic target (a thin foil of 198Pt irradiated by 124Xe)-like recoils,
respectively. Also investigated were the so-called plasma effects which are thought to degrade the performance due to the plasma formedin the cell by the primary beam injection.
Injecting into the cell the 56Fe beam of 90 MeV/nucleon from the RRC after being properly energy-degraded to 1.5 MeV/nucleon
for complete stop around the center of the cell, we extracted laser-ionized 56Fe atoms. Here, we have used a modified gas-cell, which was
originally designed to reduce the plasma effect, but more deeply bent for better shadowing the beam irradiation region (plasma formation region)
than previously used. The extraction efficiency for 56Fe was measured to be about 0.25% and almost constant with increasing primary beam
intensity (increasing number of injected iron atoms). The selectivity of about 50 was achieved, though showing a moderate deterioration
by beam intensity of up to 4 pnA. Although the gas cell was well baked (outgassed) for the test, additional contamination was observed
due to the beam irradiation, by which the laser-ionized 56Fe atoms were fragmented into 56Fe (A=56), 56Fe (H2O) (A=74) and 56Fe Ar2 (A=136)
at the same intensity. Once the contamination could be removed, the extraction efficiency for 56Fe would be restored accordingly.
After successfully demonstrating the performance of the KISS with iron, a series of online tests are planned to check the universalityof the performance (if the performance demonstrated is element-independent). In a first test along the line, we used the 198Pt atoms introduced
into the gas cell as recoils out of the 198Pt target by elastic scattering of 124Xe of 10.75 MeV/nucleon from the RRC. The transformationof those laser-ionized 198Pt atoms to sidebands was different from what was observed for 56Fe; the laser-ionized-198Pt - related ions were mostly
observed as ions of 198Pt, 198Pt (H2O), and 198Pt Ar2 in the intensity ratio of 1:4:10. The extraction efficiency for 198Pt in the form of 198Pt Ar2
was estimated to be about 0.15% from the cross section of elastic scattering between 198Pt and 124Xe. Even with the present efficiency of 0.15%,
the beta-decay half-lives of more than 20 unknown nuclei around N = 126 and Z<82 would be measured. While addressing the current
development issues, we are going to measure the lifetime of beta-decaying Pt-like recoils in the year of 2014.
For the beta-decay lifetime measurements of the nuclei, mostly having Q values as small as 2 MeV, two double-layered plastic
scintillators holding the implantation spot on a tape transport station in-between will be used. Two 0.5-mm and 1.0-mm thick scintillatorswith a size of 20-cm wide and 14-cm height were fabricated and tested. Almost full solid angle can be covered with the size (geometricalacceptance of 80%). When we measured the detection efficiency of the thinner scintillator wrapped with the aluminized Mylar, we founda rather large position dependency of the detection efficiency. While using instead a reflection sheet which is often used for the liquid crystal
display, the position dependence as well as the detection efficiency was improved. Due to the thinness of the tested, multi-reflection of thescintillation lights in the scintillator seemed to make the efficiency worse. Using the 90Sr/90Y source, the coincidence efficiency of the two layers
was observed to be 60% which is consistent with the GEANT simulation. The remaining 20% were almost stopped in the first layer,
indicating the absolute efficiency of close to 100%. The tape transport station equipped with the plastic scintillators will be installed in the
beginning of the 2014.
As a continuing effort for search for effective laser ionization scheme of elements of our interest (Z<82), a reference cell was fabricated,
and is currently being used to search for auto ionizing states in Ta, W, and etc…

- 423 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

In order to investigate the feasibility of the multi-nucleon transfer (MNT) in the reaction system of 136Xe on 198Pt for producing
heavy neutron-rich isotopes around the mass number of 200 with the neutron magic number of 126, the analysis of the data taken at GANIL
in March 2012 is under progress. Using the elastic scattering data for 136Xe, special efforts are currently being paid for extracting the absolute
cross sections of projectile-like MNT channels, as well as of target-like fragments (TLFs) identified by their de-excitation gamma-rays. Someof the results, especially the cross sections of TLFs, would be directly compared to those estimated from the ongoing test experiments of the
KISS as mentioned above.
The systematics of the single particle structure of even-odd nuclei along isotopic and/or isotonic chains give insights into the evolution of
the relevant nuclear shell structure. We have investigated the first three bound states of 31Mg by measuring their isobaric analog resonances
through the proton resonance elastic scattering off 30Mg in order to pin down the underlying mechanism of the island of inversion. The
experiment was performed by using the post-accelerator REX-ISOLDE at CERN. A thick polyethylene target of 5.6 mg/cm2 was impinged onby the 30Mg ion beam accelerated up to 2.92 MeV/nucleon. The excitation function of the protons scattered around 0 degree in the laboratory
frame was measured. The angular momenta (l) and spectroscopic factors (Spp) of the first three bound states in 31Mg were deduced. The l values
are consistent with those previously assigned by the beta decay. Comparing the Spp with the spectroscopic factors for the N=19 nuclei 37Ar
and 35S measured by the (d, p) reaction shows that the Spp for the positive parity states in 31Mg were largely quenched. This means that theoverlap between the wave function of the positive parity state and that of the neutron coupled to the ground state of 30Mg is small,demonstrating that the border of the island of inversion is placed between 30Mg and 31Mg.
We have developed a nanoscale diffusion measurement method using alpha-emitting radioactive 8Li tracer. In the method, while
implanting a pulsed 8Li beam of 8 keV, the alpha particles emitted at a small angle (θ = 10±1◦) relative to a sample surface were detected asa function of time. The method has been successfully applied to measure the lithium diffusion coefficients for an amorphous Li4SiO4 Li3VO4 (LVSO) of several hundreds nm in thickness, well demonstrating that the present method has a sensitivity to the diffusion coefficients
down to a value of 10-12 cm2/s, more sensitive by about two orders magnitude than previously achieved. It should be noted that in the previous
method sensitive to microscale diffusion the angles subtended by the α-particle detectors were within 63 ±14◦ and the incident energy of 8Li
was about 4 MeV. The present method is therefore supposed to be sensitive to nanoscale Li diffusion as compared to the previous method
where tracer atoms were deeply implanted (several micrometers).
Group Leader
Hiroari MIYATAKE
Members
Yoshikazu HIRAYAMA
Nobuaki IMAI
Yutaka WATANABE
Hironobu ISHIYAMA
Sunchan JEONG
Michihiro OYAIZU
Yung-Hee KIM (PhD. Student, Seoul National University)
Momo MUKAI (D. Student, Tsukuba University)
Sota KIMURA (D. Student, Tsukuba University)- 424 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Events (April 2013 - March 2014)
RNC
2013

Apr. 1
Apr. 20

Start of Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory, taking over Polarized RI Beam Team
Start of Research Group for Superheavy Element
Wako Open campus

May 7

RBRC Managing and Steering Committee held in Wako Campus

May 28

New-Comers Seminar

May 30Effect of MOU between College of Science, Yonsei Univ. (Korea) and RNC

Jun. 5

Effect of MOU between RNC and Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University (Korea)

Jun. 26 - 27

RIBF Users Meeting 2013

Jun. 28 - 29

RNC NP-PAC

Jul. 2-3

RNC ML-PAC

Jul. 11

Scientific Policy Committee (FY2013)

Aug. 6 - 16

Nishina School

Aug. 19 - 23

HPCI,京大基研、計算基礎科学連携拠点共催サマースクール「クォークから超新星爆発までー基礎物理の理想への挑戦ー」

Aug. 28

Effect of MOU between Department of Physics, Korea Univ. and RNC

Sep. 12

Effect of MOU For the use of MINOS device at RIKEN between CEA-DSM and RNC

Oct. 2President of Vietnam National University of Hanoi-Hanoi University of Science visits RNC

Oct. 16

Effect of MOU between Institute of Basic Science, Rare Isotope Science Project, Korea and RNC for researchcollaboration in the area of rare ion accelerator and related fields
Effect of Agreement for International Joint Graduate School Program between RIKEN and Department of Physics,
Yonsei University (Korea)
RBRC Scientific Review Committee

Oct. 23
Oct. 31- Nov. 1
Nov. 9 - 102014

Participation in Science Agora 2013 held in Odaiba

Dec. 13 - 14

RNC NP-PAC

Dec. 27

Effect of Addendum No.26 to the Memorandum of Understanding for the RD51 Collaboration
Participation of the Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, RIKEN
Effect of Extension of MoU between RNC and Michigan State University

Jan. 30
Feb. 4
Feb. 20

Effect of Memorandum of Understanding for Research Collaboration between RNC and the "Horia Hulubei" National
Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering Bucharest-Magurele, Romania
Associate Chief Scientist Interim Review Program (Dr. Emiko HIYAMA)

Feb. 26

Effect of Statement of Work for MOU between RNC and MSU

Aug. 28- Sep. 03

The 12th CNS international Summer School (CNSS13)
http://indico.cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=81

CNS
2013

- 425 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Awards (April 2013 - March 2014)
AwardeeLaboratory

Award

Organization

Date

Hiroshi Imao

Accelerator R&D Team

ACFA-IPAC13 Accelerator Prize

The Asian Committee for Future
Accelerators

May 16

Emiko Hiyama

Strangeness Nuclear Physics
Laboratory

The 33rd annual Saruhashi Award

The Association for the Bright
Future of Women Scientists

May 25

Kimiko Sekiguchi

Visiting Scientist
Spin Isospin Laboratory

15th Morita Fellowship Award

Japanese Association of
University WomenMay 25Hiroshi Imao,
Hiroki Okuno &Hironori Kuboki

Accelerator R&D Team /Accelerator Group /Special Postdoctoral
Researcher, Accelerator Group
Accelerator Applications
Research Group

PASJ Award for Technical Contributions

Particle Accelerator Society ofJapan

Aug. 4

Excellent Presentation Award:
123rd Meeting of The Japanese Societyof Breeding

Japanese Society of Breeding

Aug. 4

Tomoko Abe& 7 others
Tomoko Abe

Accelerator Applications
Research Group

The BSJ Special Prize for BotanicalResearch

The Botanical Society of Japan

Sep. 14

Tomoko Abe& 3 others

Accelerator Applications
Research Group

Excellent Presentation Award:
124th Meeting of The Japanese Societyof Breeding

Japanese Society of Breeding

Nov. 19

Nobuyuki Chiga

Visiting Technician
Research Instruments GroupFY2013 Technical Division Award:
Graduate School of Science

Technical Division
Graduate School of Science
Tohoku University

Nov. 28

Yasushi Watanabe,
et al.

RIKEN Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science

Science Agora Award

Japan Science and Technology
AgencyDec. 26- 426 -

Ⅵ. RNC ACTIVITIESRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Press Releases (April 2013 - March 2014)
RNC
Apr. 4

Unvail the last 1/100 seconds of mass falling into a black hole
– the first discovery of the high energy X-rays from a gas just falling into a black hole

Shin'ya Yamada, et al.
(High-Energy Astrophysics Lab.)

Jul. 17Development of high precision mass spectrometry for short-lived nuclei, MRTOF--- sub ppm precision with a few millisecond flight times ---Michiharu Wada, et al.
(SLOWRI Team)

Sep. 14

From quarks to the structure of neutron stars– intimate relation between the quark mass and the neutron-star mass is revealed –Takumi Doi, et al.
(Quantum Hadron Physics Lab.)

Oct. 9

Discovery of exotic isomers with a magic number

Hiroshi Watanabe, Shunji Nishimura &Hiroyoshi Sakurai(Radioactive Isotope Physics Lab.)

Oct. 10

Evidence for a new nuclear ‘magic number’ of 34--- a key to access a dream region of ‘island-of-stability’David Steppenbeck & Satoshi Takeuchi(Radioactive Isotope Physics Lab.)

Oct. 11

Harvest of salt-tolerance rice in saline paddy field

Tomoko Abe(Radiation Biology Team)

Nov. 20‘Magic numbers’ disappear and expand area of nuclear deformation

Pieter Doornenbal ＆ Hiroyoshi Sakurai(Radioactive Isotope Physics Lab.)

Feb. 20

Asymmetric explosion of core-collapse supernovae– the first mapping of radioactive 44Ti nuclei in Cassiopeia A

Takao Kitaguchi(High-Energy Astrophysics Lab.)- 427 -

VII. LIST OF PUBLICATIONS& PRESENTATIONS

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science
Publications[BookɾProceedings]
ʢOthersʣ
Enyo H.: “Prospect of RIKEN RI Beam Factory for Coming 5 Years”, Proceedings of International Symposium
on Exotic Nuclei (EXON2012), (Far Eastern Federal
University), Vladivostok, Russia, pp. 441–448 (2012).
Motobayashi T.: “World new facilities for radioactive isotope beams”, Proceedings of INPC2013 - International
Nuclear Physics Conference, EPJ Web of Conferences
66, 01013 (2014).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Enyo H.: “Prospect of RIKEN RI Beam Factory for Coming 5 Years”, The VI International Symposium on Exotic
Nuclei (EXON2012), (Far Eastern Federal University),
Vladivostok, Russia, Oct. (2012).
Enyo H.: “Nuclear Physics in Japan-Prospects being
engaged in RIBF, J-PARC and other facilities”, The
2012 Fall meeting of the Division of Nuclear Physics(DNP2012), CA, USA, Oct. (2012).
Motobayashi T.: “Experimental challenges for heavy element synthesis at new-generation RIB facilities”, International Workshop on Open progblems and futher directions in heavy element nucleo-systhesis, (ATOMKI),
Debrecen, Hungary, Apr. (2013).
Enyo H.: “Future Nuclear Physics Facilities around theworld”, IUPAP WG.9 Nuclear Science Symposium,(Frascati National Laboratory), Italy, May. (2013).
Motobayashi T.: “World new facilities for radioactive
ion beams”, International Nuclear Physics Conference(INPC2013), (Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare),Firenze, Italy, June. (2013).
Motobayashi T.: “Coulomb dissociation experiments”, 7thEuropean Summer School on Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics, (INFN Catania), Santa Tecla, Italy, Sep.
(2013).
Motobayashi T.: “In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy at RIBF”,
French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure
Problems, (CNRS, CEA), Paris, France, Sep. (2013).
Enyo H.: “RIKEN Radio Isotope Beam Factory, JapaneseFlag Ship for Nuclear Science”, The first International
African Symposium on Exotic Nuclei (IASEN2013),
Cape Town, South Africa, Dec. (2013).
Motobayashi T.: “Nuclear structure studies of very
neutron-rich nuclei at RIKEN RIBF”, International
Symposium on Nuclear Physics (ISNP2013), (Bhaba
Atomic Research Center), Mumbai, India, Dec. (2013).
Motobayashi T.: “Nuclear physics and nuclear astrophysics at light- and heavy-ion accelerators in Japan”,
6th Asian Nuclear Physics Association Symposium,(Variable Energy Cyclotron Center), Kolkata, India,

Feb. (2014).
Motobayashi T.: “Nuclear astrophysics studies at the
RIKEN RIBF”, 11th Russbach School on Nuclear Astrophysics, (GANIL, EPS), Russbach, Austria, Mar.
(2014).
(Domestic Conference)Ԇᢛलਓ: “ཧ‫͚͓ʹݚ‬Δதੑࢠར༻‫ ڀݚ‬ʖࣄ࢝Ί ʖ ”, H23೥౓ཧ‫ݚ‬γϯϙδ΢Ϝʮཧ‫͔ݚ‬Βൃ৴͢Δதੑࢠར༻ͷ৽ͨͳల։-΋ͷͮ͘Γ࢈‫ۀ‬ར༻ʹ޲͚ͨখ‫ܕ‬தੑࢠ‫ݯ‬ͷ։ൃ-ʯ, ࡛‫ݝۄ‬ɹ࿨ޫࢢ, 11 ݄ (2011).
Ԇᢛ लਓ: “Nishina Center Overview”, ཧ ‫ݚ‬-IMP ϫ ʔ Ϋγϣοϓ, ࡛‫ݝۄ‬ɹ࿨ޫࢢ, 4 ݄ (2013).
Ԇᢛ लਓ: “Introduction to RIKEN Nishina Center for
Accelerator-Based Science”, Workshop on the INFNRIKEN collaboration on nuclear physics activities, (ΠλϦΞจԽձ‫)ؗ‬, ౦‫ژ‬, 5 ݄ (2013).

- 429 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Quantum Hadron Physics Laboratory
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Hidaka Y. and Yamamoto A. :“Charged vector mesons
in a strong magnetic ﬁeld ”,Phys. Rev. D87, 094502(2013)*.
Miura K., Hidaka Y., Satow D., and Kunihiro T. :“Neutrino spectral density at electroweak scale temperature”,Phys. Rev. D88, 065024 (2013)*.
Kouno H., Makiyama T., Sasaki T., Sakai Y., and Yahiro
M. :“Conﬁnement and Z3 symmetry in three-ﬂavor QCD”,J. Phys.G40,095003 (2013)*.
Aoki S., Balog J., Doi T., Inoue T., and Weisz P. :“ShortDistance Repulsion Among Baryons ”,Int. J. Mod.
Phys.E22,1330012 (2013)*.
Endres M. G., :“Numerical study of unitary fermions
in one spatial dimension ”,Phys. Rev. A87, 063617(2013)*.
Masuda K., Hatsuda T., and Takatsuka T. :“HadronQuark Crossover and Massive Hybrid Stars ”,Astrophys.
J.764,12 (2013)*.
Hyodo T., Hatsuda T., and Nishida Y. :“Universal physics
of three bosons with isospin ”,Phys. Rev. C89, 032201(2014)*.
Gong M., Alexandru A., Chen Y., Doi T., Dong S. J.,
Draper T., Freeman F., Glatzmaier M., Li A., Liu K. F.,
and Liu Z. (chiQCD Collaboration) :“Strangeness andcharmness content of nucleon from overlap fermions on
2+1-ﬂavor domain-wall fermion conﬁgurations ”,Phys.
Rev. D88, 014503 (2013)*.
Araki
Y. and Kimura T. :“Phase structure of 2dimensional topological insulators by lattice strong coupling expansion ”,Phys. Rev. B87, 205440 (2013)*.
Aoki S., Ishii N., Doi T., Ikeda Y., T.Ionoue T. :“Asymptotic behavior of Nambu-Bethe-Salpeter wave functions
for multi-particles in quantum ﬁeld theories ”,Phys.
Rev. D88, 014036 (2013)*.
Yamamoto A., and Hirono Y. :“Lattice QCD in rotating
frames ”,Phys. Rev. Lett.111,081601(2013)*.
Hama Y., Tsitsishvili G., and Ezawa Z. F. :“NambuGoldstone modes and the Josephson supercurrent in
the bilayer quantum Hall system ”,Prog. Theor. Exp.
Phys,053I01 (2013)*.
Suzuki H. :“Energy-momentum tensor from the Yang-Mills
gradient ﬂow ”,Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys, 083B03(2013)*.
Tanizaki Y. :“Flow equation of functional renormalizationgroup for three-body scattering problems ”,Prog. Theor.
Exp. Phys., 113A01(2013)*.
Kurth T., Ishii N., Doi T. , Aoki S. , and Hatsuda T.
:“Phase shifts in I=2 ππ-scattering from two lattice approaches ”,JHEP1312015 (2013)*.
Sekine A, Nakano T. Z., Araki Y., and Nomura K.

- 430 -:“Strong Coupling Expansion in a Correlated ThreeDimensional Topological Insulator ”,Phys. Rev. B87,
165142 (2013)*.
Hayata T. :“Dynamical Mass Generation of Light-vector
Mesons from QCD Trace Anomaly ”,Phys.
Rev.
D88,036007(2013)*.
Inoue T., Aoki S., Doi T., Hatsuda T. , Ikeda T. , Ishii N.,
Murano K. , Nemura H., Sasaki K. (HAL QCD Collaboration) :“Equation of State for Nucleonic Matter and
its Quark Mass Dependence from the Nuclear Force inLattice QCD ”,Phys. Rev. Lett.111,112503(2013)*.
Endres M., Kuroki T. , Suguno F., and Suzuki H.
:“SUSY breaking by nonperturbative dynamics in amatrix model for 2D type IIA superstrings ”,Nucl.
Phys.B876,758-793 (2013)*.
Hirono Y., Nitta M., and Yasui S. :“Vortices and Other
Topological Solitons in Dense Quark Matter ”,Prog.
Theor. Exp. Phys.,012D01(2013)*.
Tanizaki Y. , Fejos G., and Hatsuda T. :“FermionicFunctional Renormalization Group Approach to Superﬂuid Phase Transition ”,Prog.
Theor.
Exp.
Phys.,043I01(2014)*.
Fukda R. , Fukushima K. , Hayata T., and Hidaka Y.
:“Sign problem and the chiral spiral on the ﬁnite-density
lattice ”,Phys. Rev. D89,014508 (2014)*.
Eto M., Hirono Y. , and Nitta M. :“Domain Walls andVortices in Chiral Symmetry Breaking ”Prog. Theor.
Exp. Phys.,033B01(2014)*.
Mao H., Wei T., and Jin J. :“Chiral soliton model at ﬁnite temperature and density ”,Phys. Rev. C88,035201(2013)*.
Mao H. :“On the symmetry improved CJT formalism in
the O(4) linear sigma model ”,Nucl. Phys.A925,185-198(2014)*.
Tanizaki Y. :“Fermionic Functional Renormalization
Group Approach to Bose-Einstein Condensation of
Dimers ”,Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys.,023A04(2014)*.
Ikeda Y., Charron B., Aoki S., Doi T., Hatsuda T.,
Inoue T., Ishii N., Murano K., Nemura H., and Sasaki
K. (HAL QCD Collaboration) :“Charmed Tetraquarks
Tcc and Tcs from Dynamical Lattice QCD Simulations”,Phys. Lett.B729,85-90 (2014)*.
Satow D. :“Ultrasoft fermion mode and oﬀ-diagonal Boltzmann equation in quark-gluon plasma at high temperature ”,Phys. Rev. D87,096011 (2013)*.
Kamikado K. and Kanazawa T. :“Chiral dynamics in amagnetic ﬁeld from the functional renormalization group”,JHEP03,009 (2014)*.
Ndaidon P., Endo S., and Ueda M. :“Microscopic Origin
and Universality Classes of the Eﬁmov Three-Body Parameter ”,Phys. Rev. Lett112, 105301(2013)*.
Yan M., DeSalvo B. J., Huang Y., Ndaidon P., and Killian
T. C. :“Rabi Oscillations between Atomic and MolecularCondensates Driven with Coherent One-Color Photoassociation ”,Phys. Rev. Lett111, 150402(2013)*.

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nawa K., Ozaki S., Nagahiro H., Jido D., and Hosaka
A. :“Complex 2D Matrix Model and Geometrical
Map on Complex-Nc Plane ”,Prog. Theor. Exp.
Phys.,083D01(2013)*.
Hatta Y., Kanazawa K., and Yoshida S. :“Double-spin
asymmetry ALT in open charm production ”,Phys. Rev.
D88,014037(2013)*.
Beppu H. , Kanazawa K., Koike Y., and Yoshida S.
:“Three-gluon contribution to the single spin asymmetry
for light hadron production in pp collision ”,Phys. Rev.
D89,034029(2014)*.
Ohnishi S., Ikeda Y. et al. “ Signature of strange dibaryons
in kaon- and photon-induced reactions ”,Phys. Rev.
C88,025204 (2013)*.
Ozaki S. :“QCD eﬀective potential with strong U (1)emmagnetic ﬁelds ”,Phys. Rev. D89,054022(2014)*.
Fujii H., Honda D., Kato M., Kikukawa Y., KomatsuS., and Sano T. :“Hybrid Monte Carlo on Lefschetz
thimbles - A study of the residual sign problem”,JHEP1310,147 (2013)*.
[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers）
Charron B. (HAL QCD Collaboration) :“A comparative
study of two lattice approaches to two-body systems”,PoS LAT2013,223 (2013).
Doi T. (HAL QCD Collaboration) :“Cutoﬀ eﬀects on lattice nuclear forces ”,PoS LAT2013,226(2013).
Ikeda Y. (HAL QCD Coll.) :“Search for possible boundTcc and Tcs on the lattice ”,PoS LAT2013,261(2013).
Yamamoto A. and Hirono Y. :“Rotating lattice ”,PoS
LAT2013,351(2013).
Hidaka Y. , Tsitsishvili G. , and Ezawa Z. F. :“Goldstone Modes in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems at ν = 2”,Journal of Physics: Conference Series456,0120 (2013).
Tada T., :“Sine Square Deformation and String Theory”,Proceedings of the 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference (APPC12) ,013003(2014).
Tachibana Y. and Hirano T. :“Emission of Low Momentum Particles at Large Angles from Jet ”,Nucl.
Phys.A904-905,1023c-1026c(2013).
Hatsuda T. :“Heavy quarkonium in hot medium ”,Nucl.
Phys.A904-905,210c-216c (2013).
Hatsuda T. :“Strangeness nuclear physics from lattice
QCD ”,Nucl. Phys.A914,211-219 (2013).
Doi T. (HAL QCD Collaboration) :“Few-baryon interactions from lattice QCD ”,Few-Body Syst. 54,827-833(2013).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Hattori K.: “Vacuum birefringence and real-photon decay
in strong magnetic ﬁelds”, International School on Neutron Star Matter, YITP, Japan, Mar. (2014).
Hattori K.: “Photon propagation in strong magnetic ﬁelds– vacuum birefringence and real-photon decay”, Fron-- 431 -

tiers of Hadronic Physics: Brains Recirculate Two, BNL,
USA, Mar. (2014).
Kanazawa T.: “Chiral model analysis of QCD in magnetic
ﬁelds”, German-Japanese Seminar 2013 ”Lattice Field
Theory on multi-PFLOPS computers” Regensburg, Germany, Nov. (2013).
Kamikado K: “Eﬀects of baryon number density ﬂuctuation around QCD critical point , Extreme QCD 2013
Bern, Switzerland, Aug. (2013).
Naidon P: “Microscopic origin of the Eﬁmov three-bodyparameter ”, HPCI Workshop on Few-body systems andmulti-particle resonances RIKEN, Wako, Japan, October (2013).
Naidon P: “Universality of the three-body parameter inatomic Eﬁmov physics”, 2013 joint meeting of the APS
Division of Atomic, Molecular, & Optical Physics andthe CAP Division of Atomic, Molecular & Optical
Physics (DAMOP 2013) Quebec city, Canada, June(2013).
Naidon P: “Universality of the Eﬁmov three-body parameter”, First international conference on Few-body Physics
in Cold Atomic Gases Beijing, China, April (2013).
Doi T.: “Cutoﬀ eﬀects on Lattice Nuclear Forces”, The
31st International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory(Lattice 2013) Mainz, Germany, Jul.-Aug. (2013).
Doi T.: “Lattice in Nuclear Physics”, 10th European Research Conference on Electromagnetic Interactions with
Nucleons and Nuclei (EINN2013) Paphos, Cyprus, Nov.
(2013).
Doi T.: “Hadron interactions from Lattice QCD”, The
workshop on strangeness nuclear physics (SNP2013) Xiamen, China, Dec. (2013).
Doi T.: “Baryon interactions from lattice QCD”, KEK
theory center workshop on J-PARC hadron physics in2014 Tokai, Japan, Feb. (2014).
Doi T.: “Nucleon spin from lattice QCD”, Workshop on
High-energy QCD and nucleon structure Tokai, Japan,
Mar. (2014).
Fejos G.:
“Chiral symmetry breaking patterns in
the U(n)xU(n) meson model”, Workshop on Future
Prospects of Hadron Physics at J-PARC and Large Scale
Computational Physics in 2013 Tokai, Japan, February(2013).
Fejos G.: “Strongly coupled fermionic superﬂuidity andthe functional renormalization group method” Eotvos
University Particle Physics Meeting Budapest, Hungary,
September(2013).
Fejos G.: “Chiral symmetry breaking patterns in theU(n)xU(n) meson model” New Frontiers in QCD 2013
Kyoto,Japan December(2013).
Satow D.: “(Quasi-) Nambu-Goldstone Fermion in Hot
QCD Plasma and Bose-Fermi Cold Atom System”,
NFQCD 2013 Kyoto, Japan, Nov. (2013).
Satow D.: “Ultrasoft Fermion Mode at Finite Temperature and Density”, Frontiers of Hadronic Physics: Brain

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Circulation Kick oﬀ Workshop BNL, USA, Mar. (2013).
Tada T: “Sine Square Deformation and string theory”, The
12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference Chiba, Japan, July
(2013).
Tada T: “Sine Square Deformation and string theory”,
Todai/Riken joint workshop on Super Yang-Mills, solvable systems and related subjects Tokyo, Japan, Oct.
(2013).
Tada T: “Sine Square Deformation and string theory”,
3rd Bangkok workshop on high energy theory Bangkok,
Thailand, Jan. (2014).
Hidaka Y, “Vector mesons in a strong magnetic ﬁeld”, New
Frontiers in QCD 2013 Kyoto, Japan, Nov. (2013).
Hidaka Y. “Symmetry breaking of QCD in a strong magnetic ﬁeld”, Frontiers of Hadronic Physics New York,USA, Mar. (2013).
Hidaka Y. “QCD in a strong magnetic ﬁeld”, Recent
progress in hadron physics -From hadrons to quark andgluon Soul, Korea, Feb. (2013).
Yamamoto A.: “Strong external electric ﬁelds in lattice
QCD”, Extreme QCD 2013Bern,Swiss,August(2013).
Yamamoto A. and Hirono Y. : “Rotating lattice”, The
XXXI International Symposium on Lattice Field TheoryMeintz,Germany,August(2013).
Hayata T., Nawa K., Hatsuda T. : “Heavy quakonium spectral functions with complex potenrial from
Gauge/Gravity duality”, Heavy quarks and quakonia inthermal QCDTrent,Italy,April(2013).
Nawa K., Ozaki S., Nagahiro H., Jido D. and Hosaka
J. : “Complex 2D matrix model and its application to no-deoendence hadron structures”, XVInternational conference on hadron spectroscopy(Hadron2013)Nara,Japan,Nov.(2013).
Matsuki K. and Seo K. : “Chiral partilce/photon emission from heavy-light mesons”, Hadron nuclear physics
in 2013Zhangiiajie,China,July(2013).
(Domestic Conference)
金澤拓也, TiloWettig, 山本直希: “高密度 QCD の BanksCasher 関係式とランダム行列理論”, 日本物理学会 2013年秋季大会高知大学朝倉キャンパス, 9 月 (2013).
上門 和彦: “Real Time Correlation Function in the O(N)model from the Functional-RG , RCNP/九 大 研 究 会「ハドロン物理と原子核物理のクロスオーバー」九州大学,
福岡, 9 月 (2013).
上門和彦, 国広悌二, 大西明, 森田健司 : “Eﬀects of baryon
number density ﬂuctuation on QCD critical point , 日
本物理学会秋季大会高知大学, 高知県, 9 月 (2013).
Naidon P: “Origin and Universality of the Eﬁmov threebody parameter”, Physical Society of Japan (JPS) meeting Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan, March (2014).
R. Kurita and T. Hirano: “重イオン衝突反応における核生成ダイナミクス”, 日本物理学会秋季大会高知, 日本, Sep.
(2013).
谷崎佑弥: “非相対論的な少数系に対する汎関数繰り込み群の構造” 日本物理学会高知, 日本, 9 月 (2013).

- 432 -

土井琢身: “格子 QCD による原子核物理・核力計算の現状と展望”, 新学術領域「素核宇宙融合による計算科学に基づいた重層的物質構造の解明」のまとめと今後を語る研究会鳴子, 日本, 12 月 (2013).
土井琢身: “格子 QCD による原子核物理”, 「京」、ポスト「京」と基礎物理和光, 日本, 1 月 (2014).
土井 琢身: “Quark mass dependence of Three-nucleon
forces in Lattice QCD”, 日 本 物 理 学 会 平 塚, 日 本, 3
月 (2014).
日高義将, 早田智也, 広野雄二: “非一様相における南部ゴー
ルドストンの定理”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会高知,
日本, 9 月 (2013).
日高義将: “時空対称性を含む南部・ゴールドストンの定理の一般化”, 基研研究会「熱場の量子論とその応用」京都, 日本, 8 月 (2013).
日高義将, 山本新: “強磁場中でのベクトル中間子”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会広島, 日本, 3 月 (2013).
日高義将: “南部・ゴールドストンの定理の非相対論的な系への一般化”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会広島, 日本, 3 月(2013).
山本新, 広野雄士: “Lattice QCD in rotating frames”, 日本
物理学会第 68 回年次大会 高知, 日本, 9 月 (2013).
名和要, 尾崎翔, 永廣秀子, 慈道大介, 保坂淳: “Complex 2D
matrix model and internal structure of resonances”, ハ
ドロン物理と原子核物理のクロスオーバー九州大学, 日本,9 月 (2013).

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Publications[Journal]ʢOriginal Papersʣ *Subject to Peer Review
Avogadro P., and Nakatsukasa T.: “Eﬃcient calculation
for the quasiparticle random-phase approximation matrix”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 014331-1–014331-7 (2013). ˎFukuoka Y., Shinohara S., Nakatsukasa T., and Yabana
K.: “Deformation and cluster structures in 12C studied
with conﬁguration mixing using Skyrme interactions”,
Phys. Rev. C 88, 014321-1–014321-14 (2013). ˎYoshida K. and Nakatsukasa T.: “Shape evolution of giant
resonances in Nd and Sm isotopes”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
034309-1–034309-15 (2013). ˎInakura T., Nakatsukasa T., and Yabana K.: “Low-energy
E1 strength in select nuclei: Possible constraints on neutron skin and symmetry energy”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
051305(R)-1–051305(R)-5 (2013). ˎ
Gu H. Q., Liang H. Z., Long W. H., Van Giai N.,
and Meng J.: “Slater approximation for Coulomb exchange eﬀects in nuclear covariant density functional
theory”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 041301(R) (2013). ˎ
Liang H. Z., Nakatsukasa T., Niu Z. M., and Meng J.:“Feasibility of the ﬁnite-amplitude method in covariant
density functional theory”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 054310(2013). ˎ
Niu Z. M., Niu Y. F., Liang H. Z., Long W. H., Niksic
T., Vretenar D., and Meng J.: “β-decay half-lives ofneutron-rich nuclei and matter ﬂow in the r-process”,
Phys. Lett. B 723, 172-176 (2013). ˎ
Niu Z. M., Niu Y. F., Liu Q., Liang H. Z., and Guo J.
Y.: “Nuclear β + /EC decays in covariant density functional theory and the impact of isoscalar proton-neutron
pairing”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 051303(R) (2013). ˎ
Shen S. H., Liang H. Z., Zhao P. W., Zhang S. Q.,
and Meng J.: “Pseudospin symmetry in supersymmetricquantum mechanics. II. Spin-orbit eﬀects”, Phys. Rev.
C 88, 024311 (2013). ˎ
Sato K., Dobaczewski J., Nakatsukasa T., and Satu�laW.: “Energy-density-functional calculations including
proton-neutron mixing”, Phys. Rev. C 88, p. 061301(R)(2013). ˎ
Sheikh J. A., Hinohara N., Dobaczewski J., NakatsukasaT., Nazarewicz W., Sato K.: “Isospin-invariant Skyrmeenergy-density-functional approach with axial symmetry”, Phys. Rev. C 89, p. 054317 (2014). ˎ
Iida K., and Oyamatsu K.: “Symmetry energy, unstable
nuclei and neutron star crusts”, The European PhysicalJournal A 50, 42 (2014). ˎ
Dinh Dang N.,: “Giant dipole resonance in highly excitednuclei”, EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 02024-p.1– 02024p.4 (2014). ˎ
Dey B., Mondal D., Pandit D., Mukhopadhyay S., Pal
S., Bhattacharya A., De A., Banerjee K., Dinh DangN., Quang Hung N., Banerjee S.R.,: “Probing the critical behavior in the evolution of GDR width at very low
temperatures in A ∼ 100 mass region”, Phys. Lett. B
731, 92–96 (2014). ˎ
Dinh Dang N., Quang Hung N.: “On the importance ofusing exact pairing in the study of pygmy dipole resonance”, J. Phys. G 40, 105103-1–105103-19 (2013). ˎ
Dinh Dang N., Ciemala N., Kmiecik M., Maj A.: “Giantdipole resonance in 88 Mo from phonon damping model’s
strength functions averaged over temperature and angular momentum distributions”, Phys. Rev. C 87,
054313-1– 054313-8 (2013). ˎ
Dinh Dang N.: “Damping of giant dipole resonance inhighly excited nuclei”, Acta Physica Polonica B 44, 595– 604 (2013).
ʢReviewʣத຿޹: “N = Z ‫֩ࢠݪ‬ͷಾͱ৽͍͠ର‫ڽ‬ॖ”, ύϦςΟ28,
No. 1, pp. 41–42 (2013).
[BookɾProceedings]
ʢOriginal Papersʣ *Subject to Peer Review
Ebata S., Inakura T., and Nakatsukasa T.: “Timedependent density-functional studies on strength functions in neutron-rich nuclei”, Proceedings of 5th International Conference on Fission and properties of neutronrich nuclei (ICFN5) (World Scientiﬁc), Sanibel Island,
USA, 2012–7, World Scientiﬁc, Singapore, p. 635–642(2013).
Liang H. Z., Meng J., Nakatsukasa T., Niu Z. M., Ring P.,
Roca-Maza X., Van Giai N., and Zhao P. W.: “Nuclear
charge-exchange excitations in localized covariant density functional theory”, EPJ Web of Conferences Vol.
66, The 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference,
Florence, Italy, 2013–6, EDP Sciences, Les Ulis, p. 02064(2014). ˎ
Matsuo M., Hinohara N., Sato K., Matsuyanagi K.,
Nakatsukasa T., and Yoshida K.: “Quadrupole shape
dynamics from the viewpoint of a theory of largeamplitude collective motion”, Proceedings of 20th Nuclear Physics Workshop ”Marie and Pierre Curie”, Kazimierz, Poland, Sep., 2013, IOP Publishing, Bristol, p.
054020 (2013). ˎ࿯ࢁ޿ฏ: “ඍࢹత൓Ԡ໛‫ʹܕ‬ΑΔ௿ΤωϧΪʔॏΠΦϯ൓Ԡ”, ‫ ڀݚ֩ࢠݪ‬Vol.58 Supplement 2 2013 ೥Նͷֶߍಛू߸, ‫܊ו‬ɼ2013–8, ‫ڀݚ֩ࢠݪ‬, pp. 27–32 (2014).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Nakatsukasa T.: “Stochastic generation of low-energy conﬁgurations and conﬁguration mixing calculation”, INT
workshop on Computational and Theoretical Advancesfor Exotic Isotopes in the Medium Mass Region, (INT,
University of Washington), Seattle, USA, March–April(2013).
Nakatsukasa T.: “Time-dependent density-functional theory with the continuum”, ECT* workshop THEXO- 433 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

on Nuclear structure and astrophysical applications,(ECT*), Trento, Italy, July (2013).
Nakatsukasa T.: “Rotational eﬀects on nuclear structure
properties”, 8pi Spectrometer Symposium: a Celebration of Discovery, (TRIUMF), Vancouver, Canada, July
(2013).
Nakatsukasa T.: “Finite amplitude method in linear response TDDFT calculations”, International School on
Nuclear Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications,(Bulgarian Academy of Sciences), Varna, Bulgaria,
September (2013).
Nakatsukasa T.: “Basic issues in theories of large amplitude collective motion”, INT workshop on Quantitative
Large Amplitude Shape Dynamics: ﬁssion and heavy ion
fusion, (INT, University of Washington), Seattle, USA,
September–November (2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Localized form of Fock terms in nuclear
covariant density functional theory”, THEXO Workshop
on Nuclear Structure and Astrophysical Applications,(ECT*), Trento, Italy, Jul. (2013).
Liang H. Z., Meng J., Nakatsukasa T., Niu Z. M., Ring
P., Roca-Maza X., Van Giai N., and Zhao P. W.: “Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in localized covariant
density functional theory”, The 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference, (INFN), Florence, Italy, Jun.
(2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Pseudospin symmetry in supersymmetricquantum mechanics”, iTHES workshop on ”Explorationof hidden symmetries in atomic nuclei”, (RIKEN),
Wako, Jul. (2013).
Liang H. Z., Meng J. Shen S. H., Van Giai N., Zhang S.
Q., Zhang Y., and Zhao P. W.: “Pseudospin symmetryin nuclear single-particle spectra and its perturbative interpretation”, The XX International School on Nuclear
Physics, Neutron Physics and Applications, (Institutefor Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy), Varna, Bulgaria, Sep. (2013).
Liang H. Z., Nakatsukasa T., Niu Z. M., and Meng J.: “Finite amplitude method in covariant density functional
theory”, The 20th Nuclear Physics Workshop “Marie& Pierre Curie”, (Maria Curie-Sklodowska University),
Kazimierz, Poland, Sep. (2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Nuclear charge-exchange excitation and its
microscopic mechanism”, Seminar of Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (Instituteof Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences),
Beijing, China, Nov. (2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Nuclear collective excitations in covariant
density functional theory”, The 4th Lectures on Covariant Density Functional Theory in Nuclear Physics,(Guangxi Normal University), Guilin, China, Nov.
(2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Finite amplitude method in covariant density functional theory”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop, (RIKEN / U.S. DOE), Wako, Dec. (2013).

- 434 -

Liang H. Z.: “Relativistic studies of spin-isospin resonances”, IInd Topical Workshop on Modern Aspects inNuclear Structure, (Universita degli Studi di Milano),
Bormio, Italy, Feb. (2014).
Liang H. Z.: “Nuclear beta-decay half-lives and the impact of isoscalar proton-neutron pairing”, International
Molecule-type Workshop on New correlations in exotic
nuclei and advances of theoretical models, (YITP), Kyoto, Mar. (2014).
Sato K., Nakatsukasa T., Satula W., and Dobaczewski J.:“Energy-density-functional calculations including theproton-neutron mixing”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop, Wako, Dec. (2013).
Sato K., Nakatsukasa T., Satula W., and Dobaczewski
J.: “Energy-density-functional calculations including
the proton-neutron mixing”, 2nd Topical Workshop on
Modern Aspects in Nuclear Structure, Bormio, Italy,
Feb. (2014).
Sato K., Nakatsukasa T., Satula W., and Dobaczewski
J.: “Mean-ﬁeld calculations based on the protonneutron mixed energy density functional”, International
Molecule-type Workshop on New correlations in exotic
nuclei and advances of theoretical models, ‫౎ ژ‬, Mar.
(2014).
Washiyama K.: “Internuclear potential and energy dissipation in fusion reactions from a time-dependent energy
density functional model”, Advances in time-dependent
methods for quantum many-body systems, (ECT*),
Trento, Italy, Oct. (2013).
Washiyama K.: “Macroscopic properties in low-energy nuclear reactions by microscopic TDDFT”, Quantitative
Large Amplitude Shape Dynamics: ﬁssion and heavy
ion fusion, (Institute for Nuclear Theory, University ofWashington), Seattle, USA, Oct. (2013).
Washiyama K.: “Regularized multi-reference energy
density functional calculations with new Skyrme
parametrizations”, Symposium in honour of Paul-Henri
Heenen, (Université Libre de Bruxelles), Brussels, Belgium, Oct. (2013).
Washiyama K.: “Microscopic TDDFT for low-energy
fusion reactions”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop,(RIKEN Nishina Center and Center for Nuclear Study,
University of Tokyo) Wako, Japan, Dec. (2013).
Washiyama K.: “Fusion and quasi-ﬁssion in heavy systems with the microscopic time-dependent energy density functional theory”, VI International Conference FUSION14, (Inter Univerisity Accelerator Centre), New
Delhi, India, Feb. (2014).
Dinh Dang N.: “Giant dipole resonance from phonondamping model’s strength functions averaged over temperature and angular momentum”, Invited seminar,(Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics), Kolkata, December(2013).
Dinh Dang N.: “Viscosity: From air to hot nuclei”, International Symposium on Nuclear Physics, (Bhabha

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Atomic Research Center ), Mumbai, December (2013).
Dinh Dang N.: “Giant dipole resonance in highly excitednuclei”, International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC
2013, June 2 - 7, 2013, (IUPAP), Florence, June (2013).
(Domestic Conference)த຿޹: “TDDFT ‫ʹࢉܭ‬ΑΔ‫֩ࢠݪ‬ͷूஂྭ‫ͱى‬൓Ԡ”, ୈ
3 ճ HPCI ઓུϓϩάϥϜ෼໺ 2 ʷ෼໺ 5 ҟ෼໺ަྲྀ‫ڀݚ‬ձʮྔࢠଟମ‫ܥ‬ͷμΠφϛΫε‫ࢉܭ‬ɹʵ‫͔֩ࢠݪ‬Β෺࣭Պ
ֶ·Ͱʵʯ, (෼ࢠՊֶ‫)ॴڀݚ‬, Ԭ࡚, 11 ݄ (2013).
த຿޹: “‫֩ࢠݪ‬෺ཧೖ໳”, KEK αϚʔνϟϨϯδ, (KEK),ͭ͘͹, 8 ݄ (2013).
த຿޹: “‫౓ີ֩ࢠݪ‬൚ؔ਺ཧ࿦”, αϚʔεΫʔϧʮΫΥʔΫ͔Β௒৽੕രൃ·Ͱʯ, (‫౎ژ‬େֶ‫ૅج‬෺ཧֶ‫)ॴڀݚ‬, ‫ژ‬౎, 8 ݄ (2013).
த຿޹: “‫֩ࢉܭ‬෺ཧֶͷϑϩϯςΟΞ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ̒
̔ձ೥࣍େձ, (೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), ౦޿ౡ, 3 ݄ (2013).
த຿޹: “֩ࢠଟମ‫ܥ‬ͷ‫ج‬ຊతੑ࣭ͱ‫ஂू֩ࢠݪ‬ӡಈ”, தੑࢠ੕֩෺࣭΢ΟϯλʔεΫʔϧ, (೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձ), ࿨ޫ,
12 ݄ (2013).
த຿޹: “‫֩ࢠݪ‬ͷྔࢠతूஂμΠφϛΫε”, ୎ӽͨ͠େֶӃ‫ܗ఺ڌ‬੒γϯϙδ΢Ϝ, (ૣҴాେֶ), ౦‫ژ‬, 12 ݄ (2013).
த຿޹: “ີ౓൚ؔ਺๏ʹΑΔ֩ߏ଄ɾ֩൓Ԡ‫”ࢉܭ‬, ৽ֶज़ྖҬʮૉ֩Ӊ஦༥߹ʹΑΔ‫ࢉܭ‬Պֶʹ‫͍ͨͮج‬ॏ૚త෺࣭
ߏ଄ͷղ໌ʯͷ·ͱΊͱࠓ‫ޙ‬Λ‫ޠ‬Δ‫ڀݚ‬ձ, (೔ຊֶज़ৼ‫ڵ‬ձ), େ࡚, 12 ݄ (2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in covariant density functional theory”, RCNP Seminar, (Osaka University), Ibaraki, 9 ݄ (2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in covariant density functional theory”, HPCI-CNS seminar,(University of Tokyo), Tokyo, 10 ݄ (2013).
Liang H. Z.: “Pseudospin symmetry in single-particle
spectra and its perturbative interpretation”, The 163rd
RIKEN RIBF Nuclear Physics Seminar, (RIKEN),
Wako, 4 ݄ (2013).
ࠤ౻߂Ұ, த຿޹, Satula W., Dobaczewski J.: “ཅࢠ-தੑࢠࠞ߹ີ౓൚ؔ਺ʹΑΔ T ʹ 1 ΞΠιόϦοΫΞφϩά
ঢ়ଶͷ‫ܥ‬౷త‫”ࢉܭ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձɹୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), ౦ւେֶ, 3 ݄ (2014).
ࠤ౻߂Ұ, த຿޹, Satula W., Dobaczewski J.: “தॏ֩ʹ͓
͚Δཅࢠʕதੑࢠࠞ߹Λ‫ؚ‬Μͩ߆ଋ Hartree-Fock ‫”ࢉܭ‬,೔ຊ෺ཧֶձɹ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), ߴ஌, 9
݄ (2013).
࿯ࢁ޿ฏɿ ” ඍࢹత൓Ԡ໛‫ʹܕ‬ΑΔ௿ΤωϧΪʔॏΠΦϯ൓Ԡ”ɼ‫ऀࡾ֩ࢠݪ‬एखՆͷֶߍ‫֩ࢠݪ‬ύʔτ‫ڀݚ‬ձɼ(‫ࢠݪ‬֩ࡾऀएख), ‫܊ו‬ɼ8 ݄ (2013).
࿯ࢁ޿ฏɿ “ॏ͍‫֩ࢠݪ‬ಉ࢜ͷ༥߹൓Ԡʹ͓͚Δ‫ؒ֩ࢠݪ‬ϙςϯγϟϧͱࢄҳΤωϧΪʔͷඍࢹతಋग़”ɼ೔ຊ෺ཧֶ
ձळ‫ق‬େձɼ(೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), ߴ஌ɼ9 ݄ (2013).
࿯ࢁ޿ฏɿ “TDDFT ‫ʹࢉܭ‬ΑΔ௿ΤωϧΪʔॏΠΦϯ֩༥߹൓Ԡ”ɼHPCI ઓུϓϩάϥϜ෼໺ 2 ʷ෼໺ 5 ҟ෼໺ަྲྀ‫ڀݚ‬ձʮྔࢠଟମ‫ܥ‬ͷμΠφϛΫε‫ࢉܭ‬ʵ‫͔֩ࢠݪ‬Β෺࣭Պֶ·Ͱʵʯɼ(෼ࢠՊֶ‫)ॴڀݚ‬, Ԭ࡚ɼ11 ݄ (2013).
࿯ࢁ޿ฏɿ “TDHF ʹΑΔॏ͍‫֩ࢠݪ‬ಉ࢜ͷ֩༥߹൓Ԡͱ४
֩෼྾൓Ԡ”ɼ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ೥࣍େձɼ(೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), ฏ- 435 -

௩ɼ3 ݄ (2014).
খᖛ༸ԝ, ൧ా‫ܓ‬, ਌দ࿨ߒ: “தؒΤωϧΪʔͰͷෆ҆ఆ֩શ൓Ԡஅ໘ੵͱม‫”౓ܗ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ୈ 68 ճ೥࣍େձ, (೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), ౦޿ౡ, 3 ݄ (2013).
খᖛ ༸ԝ, “RIKEN-JCPRG ‫ ׆‬ಈ ͷ શ ମ ใ ࠂ”, The 1st
JCPRG-RNC Joint Workshop on nuclear data, ࿨ޫ, 8–
8 ݄ (2013).

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Strangeness Nuclear Physics Laboratory
Publications[Journal](Original Papers)
Fukukawa K., Fujiwara Y.,“Coulomb effect in Nucleon-Deuteron Elastic
Scattering”, Few-Body Systems, Vol. 54, Nos. 7-10,
pp.1331-1334, (2013). *Fujiwara Y., Fukukawa K.,“Deuteron Breakup Differential Cross Sections andAnalyzing Powers of Scattering at Ed = 16 and 130
MeV”, Few-body Systems, Vol 54, Nos. 7-10, pp.
1307-1310, (2013). *Fujiwara Y., Fukukawa K.,“Few-nucleon systems interacting via non-local
quark-model baryon-baryon interaction”, Journal ofconference series, Vol 436, 012081, (2013). *Hiyama E.,“Few-Body Aspects of Hypernuclear Physics”, Few-Body
Systems. Vol. 53, Issue 3-4, pp. 189-236, (2012). *Yokota A., Hiyama E., Oka M.,“Possible existence of charmonium–nucleus boundstates”, PTEP, 113D01 (18pages), (2013). *Nakamura S., Matsumura A., Okayasu Y., Seva T.,
Rodriguez V. M., Baturin P., Yuan L., Acha A., AhmidouchA., Androic D., Asaturyan A., Asaturyan R., Baker O. K.,
Benmokhtar F., Bosted P., Carlini R., Chen C., Christy M.,
Cole L., Danagoulian S., Daniel A., Dharmawardane V.,
Egiyan K., Elaasar M., Ent R., Fenker H., Fujii Y., Furic
M., Gan, L., Gaskell D., Gasparian A., Gibson E. F.,
Gogami T., Gueye P., Han Y., Hashimoto O., Hiyama E.,
Honda D., Horn T, Hu B., Hungerford Ed V., Jayalath C.,
Jones M., Johnston K., Kalantarians N., Kanda H.,
Kaneta M., Kato F., Kato S., Kawama D., Keppel C., Lan
K. J., Luo W., Mack D., Maeda K., Malace S., MargaryanA., Marikyan G., Markowitz P., Maruta T., Maruyama N.,
Miyoshi T., Mkrtchyan A., Mkrtchyan H., Nagao S.,
Navasardyan T., Niculescu G., Niculescu, Nomura H.,
Nonaka K., Ohtani A., Oyamada M., Perez N., Petkovic T.,
Randeniya S., Reinhold J., Roche J., Sato Y., Segbefia E.
K., Simicevic N., Smith G., Song Y., Sumihama M.,
Tadevosyan V., Takahashi T., Tang L., Tsukada K.,
Tvaskis V., Vulcan W., Wells S., Wood S. A., Yan C., andZhamkochyan S,“Observation of the $^7_{¥Lambda}$He Hypernucleus
by the (e, e′K+) Reaction”, Physical Review Letters,
Vol.110, Issue1, 012502, (2013). *Hiyama E., Ohnishi S., Kamimura M., Yamamoto Y.,“Four-body structure of neutron-rich hypernucleus$^6_[¥Lambda]$H”, Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 908, pp.
29-39, (2013). *Ohtsubo S., Fukusima Y., Kamimura M., Hiyama E.,“Complex-scaling calculation of three-body resonances
using complex-range Gaussian basis functions:Application to 3α resonances in $^{12}$C”, PTEP,
073D02 (16pages), (2013). *Suzuki K., Gubler P., Morita K., Oka M.,“Thermal modification of bottomonium spectra fromQCD sum rules with the maximum entropy method”,
Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 897, pp. 28-41, (2013). *Ohtani K., Gubler P., Oka M.,“Parity projection of QCD sum rules for the nucleon”,
Physical Review D, Vol. 87, No. 3 P. 034027-1 034027-17 ,(2013). *Gubler P., Suzuki K., Morita K., Oka M.,“Modification of hadronic spectral functions under
extreme conditions: An approach based on QCD sum
rules and the maximum entropy method”, Nuclear
Physics A, Vol. 914, P. 512-516, (2013). *Gubler P., Suzuki K., Morita, K., Oka M.,“Quarkonia at Finite T: An Approach Based On QCD
Sum Rules and the Maximum Entropy Method”,
Few-Body Systems, Vol. 54, pp. 1059-1062, (2013). *Ohtani K., Gubler P., Oka M.,“Parity Projected QCD Sum Rule of the Nucleon with
MEM”, Few-Body Systems, Vol. 54, pp. 1063-1066,(2013). *Ohtani K., Gubler P., Oka M.,“MEM Analysis of the QCD Sum Rule and its
Application to nucleon spectrum”, Proceedings of
Science, CD12, Vol. 079, pp. 1-6, (2013).
Oka M., Suzuki K., Morita K., Gubler P.,“Thermal Modication of bottomonium spectral
functions from QCD sum rules”, Proceedings of Science,
CD12, Vol. 080, P. 1-6, (2013).
Suno H., Hiyama E., Kamimura M.,“Theoretical Study of Triatomic Systems Involving
Helium Atoms”, Few-Body Systems, Vol. 54, pp.
1557-1560, (2013). *Sakumichi N., Nishida Y, Ueda M.,“Lee-Yang cluster expansion approach to the BCS-BEC
crossover: BCS and BEC limits”, arXiv:1310.4665,(2013).
Ohnishi S., Ikeda Y., Kamano H., Sato T.,“Signature of strange dibaryons in kaon- andphoton-induced reactions”, Physical Review, C88,
025204, (2013). *Ohnishi S., Ikeda Y., Kamano H., Sato T.,“Production Reaction of $KNN−¥piYN$ Resonancefrom Faddeev Equations”, Few-Body Systems, Volume
54, Issue 7-10, pp. 1119-1122, (2013). *Ikeda Y., Hyodo T., Jido D., Kamano H., Sato T., Yazaki K.,“Structure of Lambda(1405) and Threshold Behavior ofpi Sigma Scattering”, Prog. Theor. Phys., 125, 1205-1224,(2011). *Inoue T., Ishii N., Aoki S., Doi T., Hatsuda T., Ikeda Y.,
Murano K., Nemura H., Sasaki K.,“Bound H Dibaryon in Flavor SU(3) Limit of Lattice
QCD”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 162002 (4pages), (2011). *Jido D., Sekihara T., Ikeda Y., Hyodo T., Kanada-En’yo Y.,
Oset E.,“The nature of the $¥Lambda(1405)$ hyperon
resonance in chiral dynamics”, Nucl. Phys. A, 835,

- 436 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

59—66, (2010). *Fukuoka Y., Funaki Y., Nakatsukasa T., Yabana K.,“Large scale calculations for cluster structure of lightnuclei with Skyrme interaction”, Journal of Physics,
Conference Series, 436, 012012, (2013). *Funaki Y., Yamada T., Horiuchi H., Roepke G., Schuck P.,
Tohsaki A.,“Resonance States and Alpha Condensation in $^{12}$C
and $^{16}$O”, Few-Body Systems, 54, 521-525, (2013). *Funaki Y., Yamada T., Horiuchi H., Roepke G., Schuck P.,
Tohsaki A.,“Gas-like cluster states in finite nuclei” Few-Body
Systems, 54, 1453-1456, (2013). *Funaki Y., Yamada T., Hiyama E., Ikeda K.,“Alpha-particle condensation in light hypernuclei”,
Nuclear Physics A, 914, 194-198, (2013) *Funaki Y., Horiuchi H., Ren Z.Z., Roepke G., Schuck P.,
Tohsaki A., Xu C., Yamada T., Zhou B.,“New concept in clusterings and alpha-particle
condensates”, AIP Conference Proceedings, 1533, 33-40,(2013). *Funaki Y., Yamada T., Horiuchi H., Roepke G., Schuck P.,
Tohsaki A.,“Gas-like alpha-cluster states and condensates innuclei”, Journal of Physics, Conference Series, 436,
012004, (2013). *Fukuoka Y., Shinohara S., Funaki Y., Nakatsukasa T.,
Yabana K.,“Deformation and cluster structures in $^{12}$C studied
with configuration mixing using Skyrme interactions”,
Phys. Rev. C, 88, 014321, (2013). *Zhou. B., Funaki Y., Horiuchi H., Ren Z.Z., Roepke G.,
Schuck P., Tohsaki A., Xu C., Yamada T.,“Nonlocalized Clustering: A New Concept in Nuclear
Cluster Structure Physics”, Phy. Rev. Lett., 110, 262501,(2013). *Isaka M., Honma H., Kimura M., Dote A., Ohnishi A.,“Excited states with $¥Lambda$ hyperon in p-orbit in$^{25}_¥Lambda$Mg”, Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 914,
pp 189-193, (2013). *Isaka M., Honma H., Kimura M., Dote A., Ohnishi A.,“Structure of Be Hyper Isotopes”, Few-Body Systems,
Vol.54, pp.1219-1222, (2013). *Isaka M., Honma H., Kimura M.,“Structure of Be hyper isotopes”, Journal of Physics:
Conference Series, Vol. 436, p. 012082, (2013).
Isaka M., Hukukawa K., Kimura M., Hiyama E., Sagawa
H., Yamamoto Y.,“Superdeformed $¥Lambda$ hypernuclei with
antisymmetrized molecular dynamics”, Phys. Rev. C,
Vol. 89, 024310, (2014). *Sakumichi N., Nishida Y., Ueda M.,“Lee-Yang cluster expansion approach to the BCS-BEC
crossover: BCS and BEC limits”, Phys. Rev. A 89,
033622, Vol. 89, Pages. 033622, (2014). *Suno H.,“A Theoretical Study of Pure and Mixed Spin-Polarized

Tritium and Helium Triatomic Systems Using
Hyperspherical Coordinates”, Few-Body Systems, Vol.54,
pp. 229-239, (2014). *Suhara T., Funaki Y., Zhou B., Horiuchi H.,. Tohsaki A,“One-Dimensional α Condensation of α-Linear-Chain
States in $^{12}$C and $^{16}$O”, Phys. Rev. Lett., 112,062501, (2014). *Zhou B., Funaki Y., Horiuchi H., Ren Z.Z., Roepke G.,
Schuck P., Tohsaki A., Xu C., Yamada T.,“Nonlocalized cluster dynamics and nuclear molecular
structure”, Physical Review C, 89, 034319, (2014). *Hiyama E., Funaki Y., Kaiser N.and Weise W.,“Alpha-clustered hypernuclei and chiral SU(3)dynamics”, PTEP (Progress of Theoretical andExperimental Physics), 013D01, (2013). *[Book · Proceedings](Others)
Gubler P.,“A Bayesian Analysis of QCD Sum Rules”, Springer
Thesis, P. 1-190 (全体), (2013).
Ikeda Y., Aoki S., Doi T., Hatsuda T., Inoue T., Ishii N.,
Murano K., Nemura H., Sasaki K.,“Kaon-Nucleon potential from lattice QCD”, EPJ Web ofConferences, 3, 03007 (5pages), (2010).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Fukukawa K.,“Hyperon-Hyperon Interaction Based on Quark-Model
Baryon-Baryon Interaction”, 第１２回アジア太平洋国際会議, 千葉, 7 月(2013).
Fukukawa K.,“Hyperon-Hyperon Interaction Based on Quark-Model
Baryon-Baryon Interaction”, Hadron Nuclear Physics
2013, Zhangjiajie, China, Jul.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Three-and four-body structure of hypernuclei using
cluster model”, Clustering Aspects in Nuclei, Beijing,
China, Apr.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Four- and five-body calculation of double Lambda
hypernuclei”, “The 11th International Conference on
Low Energy Antiproton Physics” (LEAP 2013), Uppsala,Sweden, Jun.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“$¥Lambda N$-$¥Sigma N$ coupling in Α ＝ 4 Λ
hypernuclei”, the Importance of Tensor Interactions in
Nuclear and Hadron Structures, Osaka, Jul.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Theoretical situation about $^6_{¥Lambda}$H”, The
informal workshop on “Present status on subject of H5and H6Lambda”, Osaka、Aug.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Few-body structure of light hypernuclei”, The 22nd
European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics,
Kraków, Poland, Sep.(2013).

- 437 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Hiyama E.,“Recent progress in hypernuclear physics”, Radioactive
isotopes and Nuclear Astrophysics with related topics(RIaNA), Pohang, Korea, Sep.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Structure of light Lambda hypernuclei”, NUFRA2013
International Conference on Nuclear Fragmentation2013, Kemer (Antalya), Turkey, Oct.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Three- and Four-Body Structure of Neutron-Rich$¥Lambda$ Hypernuclei”, Inelastic Reaction in Light
Nuclei, Jerusalem, Israel, Oct.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Few-body structure of light hypernuclei”, The SeventhInternational Symposium on Chiral Symmetry in
Hadrons and Nuclei, Beijing, China, Oct.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Precise calculation of light hypernuclei”, The 10th JSPS
Core-to-Core Symposium, Prague, Czech, Dec.(2013).
Yokota A., Hiyama E., Oka M.,“Possible existence of charmonium-nucleus boundstates”, The 22nd European Conference on Few-Body
Problems in Physics, Kraków, Poland, Sep.(2013).
Gubler P., Yamamoto N., Nishida Y., Hatsuda T.,“OPE + sum rule approach to single-particle spectral
functions of the unitary fermi gas”, Seminar, Seoul,
Korea, May(2013).
Gubler P.,“Exploring the QCD Phase Diagram from Hadronic
Obsevables”, Seminar, Xiamen, China, Oct.(2013).
Gubler P.,“Applications of sum rules in QCD and cold atoms”,
Workshop on theoretical study of superheavy nuclei,
asymmetric nuclear matter and exotic nuclei, Beijing,
China, Oct.(2013).
Gubler P., Suzuki K., Ohtani K., Morita K., Oka M.,“Recent results from QCD sum rule analyses based on
the maximum entropy method”, International
Symposium on Chiral Symmetry in Hadrons and Nuclei,
Beijing, China, Oct.(2013).
Gubler P., Ohtani K.,“The phi meson at finite density from a QCD sum rules+ MEM approach”, YITP workshop on “Hadrons in
Nucleus”, Kyoto, Nov. (2013).
Gubler P., Ohtani K.,“Vector mesons at finite density from QCD sum rules
and the maximum entropy method”, XV International
Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy (Hadron 2013),
Nara, Nov. (2013).
Ohnishi S., Ikeda Y., Hyodo T., Hiyama E., Weise W.,“Energy spectrum of 1S kaonic deuterium”, Workshop on“Strangeness in the Universe? Theoretical andexperimental progress and challenges”, Trento, Italy,Oct.(2013).
Funaki Y.,“Gas-like alpha cluster states in nuclei”, Theinternational workshop on ``Clustering Aspects inNuclei’’, Beijing, China, Apr.(2013)
Funaki Y.,“Alpha-cluster structures in light hypernuclei”, Theinternational workshop on ``Strangeness Nuclear
Physics'', Xiamen, China, Dec.(2013).
Funaki Y.,“Cluster states in light nuclei studied with ``new’’ THSR
wave function”, The international workshop on``Clustering Aspects in Nuclei and Nuclear Matter'',
Rostock, Germany, Sep.(2013).
Funaki Y.,“Gas-like alpha-cluster states in light nuclei”, Theinternational workshop on ``Alpha decay as a probe of
nuclear structure'', Stockholm, Sweden, Sep. (2013).
Funaki Y.,“Alpha-cluster states in light hypernuclei”, The 22nd
European Conference on ``Few-Body Problems in
Physics (EFB22)’’, Cracow, Poland, Sep. (2013).
Isaka M.,
“Structure of p-sd shell Lambda hypernuclei modified
and probed by $¥Lambda$ hyperon”“, セ ミ ナ ー ,Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing, China, May.(2013).
Isaka M., Honma H., Kimura M.,“Structure of Be hyper isotopes”, The 22nd European
Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics,
Auditorium Maximum of the Jagiellonian University,
Cracow, Poland, Sep. (2013).
Isaka M.,
“Studies of hypernuclei with the AMD method”, The
Seventh International Symposium on Chiral Symmetryin Hadrons and Nuclei, Beijing, China, Oct.(2013).
Isaka M.,
“Deformation of hypernuclei”, JSPS core-to-core seminar（Study of Lambda Hypernuclei with Electron Beams),
Vila Lanna, Prague, Czech, Dec.(2013).
Isaka M.,
“Deformations of $sd-pf$ shell hypernuclei”,
International Workshop on Strangeness Nuclear Physics,
Xiamen, China, Dec. (2013).
Suno H., Nakamura Y., Ishikawa K., Kuramashi Y.,“Block BiCGSTAB for lattice QCD on the K computer”,
The 4th AICS International Symposium, Kobe, Dec.(2013).
Hiyama E.,“Gaussian Expansion Method and its application toatomic and nuclear physics”, Seminar at Institut Non
Lineaire de Nice, Nice, France, Jan.(2014).
Hiyama E.,“Gaussian Expansion Method and its application toatomic and nuclear physics”, Seminar at Universita
degli studi di MILANO, Milano, Italy, Feb.(2014).
Hiyama E.,“Recent advances in studies of neutron-rich
hypernuclei's structure”, Seminar at Universita degli
studi di TORINO, Torino, Italy, Feb.(2014)
Sakumichi N., Nishida Y., Ueda M.,“Lee-Yang cluster expansion approach to BCS-BEC- 438 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

crossover”, 2013 Joint Meeting of the APS Division of
Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics and the CAPDivision of Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics,
Quebec City, Canada, Jun.(2013).
Sakumichi N.,“Cluster expansion approach to the BCS-BEC crossover”,
東京理科大学 二国研究室セミナー, 新宿（神楽坂キャンパス）, Dec.(2013).
Sakumichi N.,“Cluster expansion approach to BCS-BEC crossover”, 新学術領域研究「中性子星の核物質」第二回研究会, 和光, 12月(2013).
Sakumichi N.,“Cluster expansion approach to BCS-BEC crossover incold-atom systems”, 東京工業大学 岡研究室セミナー,
東京工業大学, 5 月(2013).
Sakumichi N.,“Cluster expansion approach to BCS-BEC crossover incold-atom systems”, 理化学研究所 橋本研究室セミナー,
和光, 6 月(2013).
Sakumichi N., Kawakami N., Ueda M.,“Perron-Frobenius theorem on the superfluid transitionof an ultracold Fermi gas”, RIKEN-APW joint workshop“Highlights in condensed matter physics”, Wako-shi,Jan.(2014).
Sakumichi N.,“Lee-Yang Cluster Expansion Study of BCS-BEC
crossover”, Bose-Einstein Condensation 2013 “Frontiersin Quantum Gases”, Sant Feliu de Guixols 、 Spain,
Sep.(2013).
Sakumichi N.,“Lee-Yang cluster expansion for BCS-BEC crossover:
BCS and BEC limits”, The 11th US-Japan Joint
Seminar, Nara, Apr.(2013).
Isaka M., Fukukawa K., Kimura M., Hiyama E., Sagawa
H., Yamamoto Y.,“Deformations of $sd-pf $ shell $¥Lambda$ hypernuclei”,
KEK theory center workshop on J-PARC hadron physics
in 2014, Tokai, Feb.(2014).
Isaka M., Fukukawa K., Kimura M., Hiyama E., Sagawa
H., Yamamoto Y.,“Superdeformed states in hypernuclei”, International
School for Strangeness Nuclear Physics (SNP School2014), Tokai, Feb.(2014).
Isaka M., Fukukawa K., Kimura M., Hiyama E., Sagawa
H., Yamamoto Y.,“Deformations of sd and pf shell$¥Lambda$ hypernuclei”, Japan-Korea Joint Workshop
for Hyperons in Nuclear and Astrophysics with related
topics (Hyperon*), Seoul, Korea, Mar.(2014).
Isaka M., Fukukawa K., Kimura M., Hiyama E., Sagawa
H., Yamamoto Y.,“Deformations of $sd$ and $pf$ shell$¥Lambda$ hypernuclei with AMD”, The 3rd
Korea-Japan Workshop on Nuclear and Hadron Physics
at J-PARC, Incheon, Korea, Mar.(2014).
Ohnishi S., Ikeda Y., Hyodo T., Hiyama E., Weise W.,“$d(K^-,n)$reactionandstructureof$¥Lambda(1405)$”, The 3rd Korea-Japan Workshop on
Nuclear and Hadron Physics at J-PARC, Incheon, Korea,
Mar.(2014).
Hiyama E.,“Structure of few-body hypernuclei”, Japan-Korea Joint
Workshop for Hyperons in Nuclear and Astrophysics
with related topics (Hyperon*), Seoul, Korea, Mar.(2014)
Hiyama E.,“$^4$He trimer and tetramer systems using realistic$^4$Hepotential”,
International
Molecule-type
Workshop on New correlations in exotic nuclei andadvances of theoretical models, Kyoto, Mar.(2014).
Hiyama E.,“Structure of $S=-1$ system”, Third Korea-Japanworkshop on nuclear and hadron physics at J-PARC,
Incheon, Korea, Mar.(2014).
Hiyama E.,“Recent Progress in Nuclear Physics”, A celebration of
the Science of Female Researchers in JAPAN, Wako-shi,Mar.(2014).
Gubler P., Yamamoto N., Nishida Y., Hatsuda T.,“OPE + sum rule approach to single-particle spectral
functions of the unitary fermi gas”, Seminar, Seoul,
Korea, May.(2013).
Gubler P., Oka M., Morita K., Ohtani k., Suzuki K.,“Quarkonia at finite T from QCD sum rules and MEM”,
NFQCD2013, Kyoto, Dec.(2013).
Gubler P., Ohtani K.,“The $¥phi$ meson at finite density, revisited”,
Workshop on J-PARC hadron physics in 2014, Tokai,Feb.(2014).
(Domestic Conference)
肥山詠美子: “「$Ｓ＝－２$原子核の構造」”, 「ハイパー核物
理の発展と今後の展望」, 志摩, 7 月(2013).
吉田哲也, 岡真, 肥山詠美子: “チャームバリオンのスペクト
ルと構造の研究”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知,
9 月(2013).
横田朗, 肥山詠美子, 岡真: “チャーモニウム-原子核束縛状態に お け る $J/¥Psi$ と $¥eta_c$ の 混 合 ”, 日 本 物 理 学 会
2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
前田沙織, 横田朗, 肥山詠美子, 岡真, Yan-Rui Liu: “短距離斥力を含む$Y_cN$ 相互作用とチャーム原子核”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
Philipp Gubler: “QCD 和則と MEM を用いた有限密度中のvector meson の研究の現状と最近の発展”, ワークショッ
プ「原子核媒質中のハドロン研究＝魅力と課題＝」, 東海,
8 月(2013).
Philipp Gubler, 山本直希, 西田祐介, 初田哲男: “ユニタリー・フェルミ気体の一粒子スペクトル関数に対する和則の構築”, 基研研究会「熱場の量子論とその応用」, 京都, 8月(2013).
Philipp Gubler, 山本直希, 西田祐介, 初田哲男: “演算子積展開法を用いたユニタリー・フェルミ気体の一粒子スペク
トル関数の解析”, 日本物理学会 ２０１３年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).

- 439 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Philipp Gubler, 山本直希, 西田祐介, 初田哲男: “ユニタリー・フェルミ気体の一粒子スペクトル関数に対する和則の構築とその最大エントロピー法による解析”, 日本物理学会 ２０１３年秋季大会, 松山, 9 月(2013).
大 西 祥 太 , 池 田 陽 一 , 兵 藤 哲 雄 , 肥 山 詠 美 子 , Wolfram
Weise: “$K-d$原子の理論計算の現状と今後の課題”, KEK（東海）研究会「原子核媒質中のハドロン研究＝魅力と課
題＝」, 東海, 8 月(2013).
大 西 祥 太 , 池 田 陽 一 , 兵 藤 哲 雄 , 肥 山 詠 美 子 , Wolfram
Weise: “反 K 中間子-重陽子原子における 1S 状態のエネル
ギー・スペクトルの研究”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会,
高知, 9 月(2013).
船木靖郎: “$^{12}$C における一次元ガス的 3α クラスター構造の研究”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
船木靖郎, 山田泰一, 肥山詠美子, 池田清美: “軽い$¥Lambda$ハイパー核における$¥alpha$クラスター構造”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
井 坂 政 裕 :“"Structureof$p-sd$
shell$¥Lambda$ hypernuclei modified and probed by$¥Lambda$ hyperon "”, ＫＥＫ理論セミナー, つくば, 5月(2013).
井 坂 政 裕 , 本 間 裕 明 , 木 村 真 明 :“Be 同 位 体 に お け る$¥Lambda$ 粒子による核構造の変化”, ＲＣＮＰ研究会「核子・ハイペロン多体系におけるクラスター現象」, 横浜, 7 月(2013).
井 坂 政 裕 :“"Structureof$p-sd$
shell$¥Lambda$ hypernuclei modified and probed by$¥Lambda$ hyperon"”, ＫＥＫ東海セミナー, つくば, 9月(2013).
井坂政 裕 , 木村 真 明 , 肥 山詠 美 子 , 佐 川弘 幸 , 山本安夫 :“AMDに よ る $^{46}_¥Lambda$Sc
及 び$^{48}_¥Lambda$Sc の構造研究”, 日本物理学会 ２０１
３年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
作道直幸: “孤立量子系におけるエントロピー増大則”, 第 6回基礎物理セミナー合宿, 箱根, 12 月(2013).
作道直幸: “Lee-Yang のクラスター展開法による BCS 理論の導出”, 基研研究会「熱場の量子論とその応用」, 京都, 8月(2013).
井 坂 政 裕 : “$sd-pf$ 殻 ハ イ パ ー 核 の 超 変 形 状 態 ”, 阪 大
RCNP セミナー, 大阪, 2 月(2014).
肥山詠美子:“Structure of light $¥Lambda$ hypernuclei”,「バリオン多体系構造の新たな局面を考える」研究会, 長
野県青木村, 3 月 (2014).
井坂政裕, 福川賢, 木村真明, 肥山詠美子, 佐川弘幸, 山本安夫,“Deformations of $sd$ and $pf$ shell$¥Lambda$ hypernuclei with AMD”, 「バリオン多体系構
造の新たな局面を考える」研究会, 長野県青木村, 3 月(2014).
井坂政裕, 木村真明, 肥山詠美子, 佐川弘幸, 山本安
夫:“AMD によるハイパー核の超変形状態の研究”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月(2014).
作道直幸: “孤立量子系の熱力学エントロピー“, 基研研究会「量子情報の新展開」, 京都, 3 月(2014).
数納広哉: “弱結合 3 原子系の理論研究”, 日本物理学会 第 69回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月(2014).
大 西 祥 太 , 池 田 陽 一 , 兵 藤 哲 雄 , 肥 山 詠 美 子 , Wolfram

Weise: “Faddeev 方程式による$K-d→¥pi¥Sigma n$反応の研究”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月(2014).
前田沙織, 横田朗, 肥山詠美子, 岡眞, Yan-Rui Liu, 福川賢
治 :“$Y_cN$ 相 互 作 用 の パ ラ メ ー タ ー 決 定 と$¥Lambda_cNN$ 原子核”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, (2014).
吉田哲也, 岡眞, 肥山詠美子: “ヘビーバリオンのスペクトルとその構造の研究”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回年次大会, 平塚,
3 月(2014).
Philipp Gubler, 大谷圭介: “核子のストレンジネスが原子核中の$¥Phi$ メソンの測定からどのように制限されるか？”, 日本物理学会 ２０１4 年年次大会, 平塚, 3 月(2014).
船木靖郎: “拡張されたアルファ凝縮模型を用いた軽い核の構造研究”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月(2014).

- 440 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Mathematical Physics Laboratory
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Araki Y. and Kimura T. “Phase structure of twodimensional topological insulators by lattice strongcoupling expansion”, Phys. Rev. B 87, 205440 (2013).
＊
Noumi T., Yamaguchi M. and Yokoyama D., “Eﬀective
ﬁeld theory approach to quasi-single ﬁeld inﬂation andeﬀects of heavy ﬁelds”, Journal of High Energy Physics
Vol.1306, No.52, P.1-47 (2013). ＊Kimura T., Koyama S. and Kurokawa S., “Euler Products
Beyond the Boundary”, Letters in Mathematical Physics
104, Issue 1, pp 1-19 (2013). ＊Fujikawa K., “Conditionally valid uncertainty relations”,
Physical Review A 88, 012126 (2013). ＊Fujikawa K., “Heisenberg uncertainty relation re-visited”
International Journal of Modern Physics A 29, No. 1
1450016 (2014). ＊Chaichian M., Fujikawa K. and Tureanu A., “Lorentz invariant CPT violation”, The European Physical Journal
C73, 2349 (2013). ＊Noumi T. and Yamaguchi M., “Primordial spectra fromsudden turning trajectory” Journal of Cosmology andAstroparticle Physics 1312, No.38, P.1-49 (2013). ＊Hashimoto K. and Masaki M., “A Landscape in Boundary
String Field Theory: New Class of Solutions with Massive State Condensation”, Progress of Theoretical andExperimental Physics 2013, 043B01 (2013). ＊Hashimoto K. and Oka T., “Vacuum Instability in Electric Fields via AdS/CFT: Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangianand Planckian Thermalization”, Journal of High Energy
Physics 1310, 116 (2013). ＊Shumude J., “Laplace operators on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds”, Journal of High Energy Physics 1404 008 (2014).
＊
Noumi T., Saikawa K., Sato R. and Yamaguchi M., “Effective gravitational interactions of dark matter axions”,
Phys. Rev. D89 065012 (2014). ＊Bao L., Mitev V., Pomoni E. and Taki M., “NonLagrangian Theories from Brane Junctions”, Journal ofHigh Energy Phys. 1401 175 (2014). ＊Iimori Y., Noumi T., Okawa Y. and Torii S., “From the
Berkovits formulation to the Witten formulation in open
superstring ﬁeld theory”, Journal of High Energy Phys.
1403 044 (2014). ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Taki M.: “5d SCFTs, TN junctions and Seiberg duality”, KIKEN, International Conference: Integrability,
Symmetry and Quantum Space-Time, Kyoto university,Jan.(2014).

- 441 -Torii S.: “Discussion on the Weak Value”, RIKEN-OIST
mathphys workshop, Okinawa institute for science andtechnology, Feb. (2014).
Hashimoto K.: “Vacuum instability in holography”,
APCTP workshop on holography, Pohang APCTP, Korea, June (2013).
Hashimoto K.: “Superstrings and condensed matterphysics”, Colloquium, National Taiwan university,
Taipei, Sep. (2013).
Hashimoto K.: “Vacuum instability in holography”, IPMU
workshop on holography and QCD, University of Tokyo,
Kashiwa, Sep. (2013).
Hashimoto K.: “Vacuum structure of superstring and CPT
violation”, International conference on antimatter andgravity, Bern university, Switzerland, Nov. (2013).
Hashimoto K.: “Vacuum instability in holography”, PASCOS 2013, Taipei, Taiwan, Nov. (2013).
Kimura T.: “FQH/CFT and q-CFT”, Kavli IPMU MS
Seminar, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, March (2014).
Kimura T., Hashimoto K. and Iizuka N.: “Spin transport
via gauge/gravity duality”, Emergent Quantum Phases
in Condensed Matter, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa,
June (2013).
Noumi T.: “Eﬀects of heavy ﬁelds on primordial spectra”, New Horizons for Observational Cosmology, Villa
Monastero, Jul. (2013).
Noumi T.: “Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory during inﬂation”, Theoretical Physics Seminar,
Institute for Theoretical Physics, Goettingen University,
Germany, Jul. (2013).
Kimura T., Koyama S. and Kurokawa S.: “Scaling behavior of Euler products and random matrix theory”, XXVIUPAP International Conference on Statistical Physics(STATPHYS25), Seoul, Korea, Jul. (2013).
Fujikawa K.: “Heisenberg uncertainty relation revisited”,
International Conference in honor of 90th birthday ofFreeman Dyson, Singapore, Aug. (2013)
Fujikawa K.: “Conditionally valid uncertainty relations”,
Asia-Paciﬁc Conference and Workshop on Quantum Information Science 2013, Seoul, Korea, Dec. (2013).
Fujikawa K.:“Hidden-variables models and entanglement”, Quantum Science Symposium-Asia 2013,
Sanjoh-Kaikan, Univeristy of Tokyo, Nov. (2013).
Noumi T.: “Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory”, JGRG23 The 23rd Workshop on General Relativity and Gravitation in Japan, Hirosaki university,
Nov. (2013).
Noumi T.: “Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory”, New Perspectives on Cosmology, Asian PaciﬁcCenter for Theoretical Physics, Korea, Nov. (2013).
Noumi T.: “Primordial tensor correlations from eﬀective
ﬁeld theory approach”, Particle Theory and Cosmology
Seminar, Institute for Advanced Study, the Hong Kong
University of Science and Technology, Dec. (2013).

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Noumi T.: “Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory”, KEK Theory Center Seminar, KEK, Dec.
(2013)(Domestic Conference)
木村太郎: “ゲージ・重力対応によるスピン輸送現象 (Spintransport analysis via gauge/gravity duality)”, 京都大学
基礎物理学研究所素粒子論セミナー, 京都大学, 基礎物理学研究所, ５月 (2013).
野海俊文: “Eﬀective ﬁeld theory approach to quasi-single
ﬁeld inﬂation”, 早稲田大学理論宇宙物理学研究室セミナー,
早稲田大学理論宇宙物理学研究室, ５月 (2013).
鳥 居 真 吾, 飯 森 悠 樹, 野 海 俊 文, 大 川 祐 司: “From the
Berkovits formulation to the Witten formulation in open
superstring ﬁeld theory”, 京都大学基礎物理学研究所研究会「場の理論と弦理論」, 京都大学, ８月 (2013).
木 村 太 郎: “Topological vertex for Type IIA string on
C2/Zk × CY3”, 場の理論と弦理論, 京都大学, ８月 (2013).
木村太郎, 橋本幸士, 飯塚則裕: “ゲージ重力対応によるスピン輸送現象”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, ９月(2013).
木村太郎, 小山信也, 黒川信重: “ゼータ関数・L 関数における深リーマン予想とオイラー積のスケーリング則”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 徳島, ９月 (2013).
南佑樹, 日高義将, 中村真: “Phenomenology of the novel
nonequilibrium critical phenomena”, 熱場の量子論とその応用, 基礎物理学研究所, 京都大学, ８月 (2013).
南佑樹, 日高義将: “射影演算子法の視点からみた相対論
的流体力学 (Relativistic hydrodynamics from projection
oparetor method)”, New frontier in QCD 2013, 京都大学基礎物理学研究所, １２月 (2013).
野海俊文: “Eﬀective ﬁeld theory approach to quasi-single
ﬁeld inﬂation and eﬀects of heavy ﬁelds”, 基研研究会「場の理論と弦理論」, 京都大学基礎物理学研究所, ８月 (2013).
野 海 俊 文, 山 口 昌 英: “Primordial spectra from sudden
turning trajectory”, 日本物理学会２０１３年秋期大会, 高知大学, ９月 (2013).
野海俊文: “Eﬀects of heavy ﬁelds during inﬂation”, 東京大学素粒子論研究室セミナー, 東京大学素粒子論研究室, １０
月 (2013).
瀧 雅 人: “５ 次 元 共 形 場 理 論 、５ ブ レ イ ン 、AGT 関 係 のジャンクション (Junction of 5d CFT, 5-branes and AGT
relation)”, Todai/Riken joint workshop on Super YangMills, solvable systems and related subjects, 東京, １０
月, (2013).
橋本幸士: “超弦理論とその応用”, 素粒子物理学の進展２０
１３, 京都大学基礎物理学研究所, ８月 (2013).
橋本幸士: “Solving condensed matter by superstring”, 富山大学物理学科コロキウム、日本物理学会北陸支部講演会,
富山, １２月 (2013).
橋本幸士: “Domain walls and magnetars”, 名古屋大学ソリトン研究会, 名古屋, １月 (2014).
橋本幸士: “AdS/CFT による真空不安定性”, 九後汰一郎教授
退官記念研究会 , 京都大学基礎物理学研究所, ５月 (2013).
木村太郎: “ランダム行列模型における特性多項式と外場の双対性”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回年次大会, 東海大学 湘南- 442 -

キャンパス, ３月 (2014).

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radiation Laboratory
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Event
Structure and Double Helicity Asymmetry in in Jet Pro√
duction from Polarized p+p Collisions at s = 200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 84, 012006, 2011-07-28 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Suppression of away-side jet fragments with respect to the reac√tion plane in Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”,
Phys. Rev. C 84, 024904, 2011-08-09 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Cold Nuclear Matter Eﬀects on J/psi Yields as a Function of
Rapidity and Nuclear Geometry in Deuteron-Gold Col√lisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,142301, 2011-09-27 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Production of omega mesons in p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu and√
Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C
84, 044902, 2011-10-08 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Heavy
Quark Production in p+p and Energy Loss and Flow√of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 84, 044905, 2011-10-10 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Suppression of back-to-back hadron pairs at forward rapidity in√
d+Au Collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett.
107, 172301, 2011-10-18 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”J/psisuppression at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 84, 054912, 2011-1121 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Measurements of Higher-Order Flow Harmonics in Au+Au Col√lisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,252301, 2011-12-15 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Identiﬁed√
charged hadron spectra in p+p collisions at s = 200
and 62.4 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 83, 064903, 2011/06/23*
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Groundand excited charmonium state production in p+p col√lisions at s=200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 85, 092004,
2012-05-09 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Deviationfrom quark-number scaling of the anisotropy parameterv2 of pions, kaons, and protons in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 85, 064914, 201206-27 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”NuclearModiﬁcation Factor for Open-Heavy-Flavor Production√
at Forward Rapidity in Cu+Cu Collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 86, 024909, 2012-08-20 *- 443 -

Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Observation of direct-photon collective ﬂow in Au+Au collisions√
at sN N =200GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 122302,
2012-09-19 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Evolution√of pi 0 suppression in Au+Au collisions from sN N =39 to 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 152301, 201210-12 *Afanasiev S, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Measurement of Direct Photons in Au+Au Collisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 152302,
2012-10-12 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Direct√
Photon Production in p+p Collisions at s=200 GeV
in Mid-rapidity”, Phys. Rev. D 86, 072008, 2012-10-23*
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Cross Sections and Double Helicity Asymmetries of Mid-Rapidity√
Inclusive Charged Hadrons in p+p at s = 62.4 GeV”,
Phys. Rev. D 86, 092006, 2012-11-08 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”J/psisuppression at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N =39 and 62.4 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 86, 064901,
2012-12-06 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Coldnuclear-matter eﬀcts on heavy-quark production in√
d+Au collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett.
109, 242301, 2012-12-12 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Double
Spin Asymmetry of Electrons from Heavy Flavor Decays√
in p+p Collisions at s=200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 87,
012011, 2013-01-29 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Transverse-Momentum Dependence of the J/psi√
Nuclear Modiﬁcation in d+Au Collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034904, 2013-03-14 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Neutralpion production with respect to centrality and reaction√
plane in Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys.
Rev. C 87, 034911, 2013-03-28 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) production in d+Au and p+p collisions at√
sN N =200 GeV and cold-nuclear matter eﬀects”, Phys.
Rev. C 87, 044909, 2013-04-25 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Direct√
photon production in d+Au collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 054907, 2013-05-17 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Medium
modiﬁcation of jet fragmentation in Au+Aucollisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV measured in direct photon-hadroncorrelations”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 32301, 2013-07-16*
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Inclusive
cross section and single transverse spin asymmetry forvery forward neutron production in polarized p+p col-1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

lision at sqrts = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 88, 032006,
2013-08-08 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Spectra
and ratios of identiﬁed particles in Au+Au and d+Au√
collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
024906, 2013-08-22 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Nuclear
modiﬁcation of ψ ′ , χ′c and J/psi production in d+Au√
collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111,202301, 2013-11-12 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Quadrupole Anisotropy in Dihadron Azimuthal√
Correlations in Central d+Au Collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 212301, 2013-11-20 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Azimuthal
anisotropy of π 0 and eta mesons in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 064910, 2013-1220 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Heavyﬂavor electron-muon correlations in p+p and d+Au col√lisions at s = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 89, C034915,
2014/03/31 *Sanghwa P, for the PHENIX collaboration: ”W Physics
Result of PHENIX”, Proceedings of Science PoS (DIS2013) 209, 2013
Goto Y, PHENIX Collaboration: ”PHENIX detector upgrades for enhanced physics programs”, Proceedings of
Science PoS (DIS 2013) 249, 2013
Goto Y, PHENIX Collaboration: ”Inclusive Cross Sectionand Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry of Very Forward
Neutron Production at PHENIX”, Physics of Particles
and Nuclei Volume 45, Issue 1, pp 79-81, 2014/01
Leitgab M, Ralf Seidl and the Belle collaboration: ”Precision measurement of charged pion and kaon multiplicities in electron-positron annihilation at Q = 10.52 GeV”,
Phys.Rev.Lett. 111 (2013) 062002, 2013/08/06 *Kawama D, and the J-PARC E16 Collaboration ”Experimental Investigation for Mass Modiﬁcation of Vector
Mesons at J-PARC”, JPS Conference Proceedings 1,
013074, 2014/03/26 *Ikeda S, Romanelli Mark, Cingquegrani David, Sekine
Megumi, Kumaki Masafumi, Fuwa Yasuhiro, Munemoto
Naoya, Kanesue Takeshi, Jin Qianyu, Okamura
Masahiro, Horioka Kazuhiko:”Creation of cocktail
beam from alloy target with Laser”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments Vol. 85, p 02B913, 2013/11/12 *Fuwa Y, S.Ikeda, M.Okamura, et al.: ”Interaction of plasmas in laser ion source with double laser system”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, 02B916, 2013/12/31*
Fuwa Y, S.Ikeda, M.Okamura, et al.: ”Comparison ofgraphite materials for targets of laser ion source”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, 02B924, 2014/01/24*
Ikeda S, Romanelli Mark, Cingquegrani David, Sekine

Megumi, Kumaki Masafumi, Fuwa Yasuhiro, Kanesue
Takeshi, Okamura Masahiro, Horioka Kazuhiko: ”Investigation of eﬀect of solenoid magnet on emittances ofion beam from laser ablation plasma”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, 02B919, 2014/01/24 *Sekine M, S.Ikeda, M.Okamura, et al.: ”Multiple Species
Beam Production on Laser Ion Source for electron beam
ion source in Brookhaven National Laboratory”, review
of scientiﬁc instruments 85, 02B920, 2014/02 *Kumaki M, Y. Fuwa, M. Okamura, et al.:”Analysesof the plasma generated by laser irradiation on sputtered target for determination of the thickness used forplasma generation”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments
85, 02B925, 2014/02/24 *Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Itaru Nakagawa, ”Recent Results on PHENIX Longitudinal Asymmetry Measurements”, 3rd Workshop on the
QCD Structure of the Nucleon (University of the BasqueCountry) Bilbao、Spain, 2012/10/22
Hideto En’yo, ”Nuclear Physics in Japan Prospects being engaged in RIBF, J-PARC and other facilities”, The
2012 Fall meeting of the Division of Nuclear Physics(DNP2012) (University of California), Hyatt Regency
Newport Beach, CA, USA, 2012/10/24
Hideto En’yo, ”Prospect of RIKEN RI Beam Factoryfor Coming 5 Years”, The traditional VI International
Symposium on EXOtic Nuclei (EXON2012) (JINR),
Far EasternFederal University, Vladivostok, Russia,
2012/10/3
Park Sanghwa, ”W Physics Result of PHENIX”, XXI International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering andRelated Subjects (Center for Particle Physics of Marseilles (CPPM)), Marseilles, France, 2013/04/23
Yuji Goto, ”PHENIX detector upgrades for enhanced
physics programs”, XXI. International Workshop on
Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (Center
for Particle Physics of Marseilles), Marseilles, France,
2013/04/24
Hideto En’yo, ”Nishina Center Overview”, 理研-IMP ワー
クショップ (理研), 理研 RIBF 棟大会議室, 2013/04/17
Hideto En’yo, ”Introduction to RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science”, Workshop on the
INFN-RIKEN collaboration on nuclear physics activities (INFN), イタリア文化会館, 2013/05/17
Hideto En’yo, ”Future Nuclear Physics Facilities aroundthe world”, IUPAP WG.9 Nuclear Science Symposium(Frascati National Laboratory (LNF)), Frascati National Laboratory (LNF), Italy, 2013/05/29
Ralf Seidl, ”Results from W-Production at RHIC”, ECT*
workshop: Flavor Structure of the Nucleon Sea (ECT*),
Trento, Italy, 2013/07/01
Kim Chong, ”Status of W Physics at PHENIX”, The 12th
Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference (AAPPS, JPS, JSAP),- 444 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, 2013/07/15
Yoshimasa Ikeda, ”Measurement of Azimuthal Anisotropy√of hadron in Au+Au collision at sN N = 39, 62 and
200 GeV in PHENIX experiment at RHIC”, The 12th
Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference (AAPPS, JPS, JSAP),
Makuhari, Chiba, Japan, 2013/07/17
Kawama, Daisuke, ”Experimental investigation for mass
modiﬁcation of vector mesons (J-PARC E16 experiment)”, The 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference (AAPPS, JPS, JSAP), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan,
2013/07/18
Yoshimasa Ikeda, ”Measurement of azimuthal anisotropyof hadrons in Au+Au collisions from the beam energy
scan program by the PHENIX experiment at RHIC.”,SQM 2013 (Univ. of Birmingham), Birmingham、UK,
2013/07/17
Yasuyuki Akiba, ”Workshop Summary”, PHENIX workshop on Physics Prospects with Detector and Accelerator Upgrades (RIKEN Radiation Lab.), Wako, Japan,
2013/08/02
Yasuyuki Akiba, ”Photons and Dilepton Physics at
RHIC”, Future Trends in High Energy Nuclear Collisions (清華大学), 北京, China, 2013/08/19
Megumi Sekine, ”Multiple Species Beam Production on
Laser Ion Source for electron beam ion source in
Brookhaven National Laboratory”, The 15th International Conference on Ion Sources (NIRS), Makuhari,
Chiba, Japan 2013/09/12
Yasuhiro Fuwa, ”Interaction of plasmas in laser ion sourcewith double laser system”, The 15th International Conference on Ion Sources (NIRS), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan
2013/09/12
Yasuhiro Fuwa, ”Comparison of graphite materials for targets of laser ion source”, The 15th International Conference on Ion Sources (NIRS), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan
2013/09/12
Ikeda Shunsuke, ”Investigation of eﬀect of solenoid magnet on emittances of ion beam from laser ablation
plasma”, The 15th International Conference on Ion
Sources (NIRS), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan 2013/09/12
Ikeda Shunsuke, ”Creation of cocktail beam from alloy target with Laser”, The 15th International Conference on Ion Sources (NIRS), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan
2013/09/12
Masashi Kumaki, ”Determination the Thickness Used for
Plasma Generation by Laser Irradiation on Sputtering Target”, The 15th International Conference on Ion
Sources (NIRS), Makuhari, Chiba, Japan 2013/9/12
Shunsuke Ikeda, ”Control of plasma shape with pulsedsolenoid on laser ion source”, Young research symposium2013 (Brookhaven national laboratory), Brookhaven national laboratory, NY, USA, 2013/10/14
Yuji Goto, ”Drell-Yan experiments at Fermilab/RHIC/JPARC”, QCD Frontier 2013 (Thomas Jeﬀerson National Accelerator Facility), Newport News, VA, USA,

2013/10/21
Wataru Nakai, ”Development of the GEM Tracker for the
J-PARC E16 experiment”, IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCESYMPOSIUM 2013 (IEEE Nuclear and Plasma Sciences Society), Seoul, Korea, 2013/10/27-11/02
Kanno Koki, ”Development of a Hadron Blind Detector for
the J-PARC E16 Experiment”, IEEE NUCLEAR SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM 2013 (IEEE Nuclear and Plasma
Sciences Society), Seoul, Korea, 2013/10/28
Yoki Aramaki, ”Experimental approach to the mass modiﬁcation in nucleus by the J-PARC E16 experiment”,
YITP workshop on Hadron in Nucleus (YITP), Kyoto,
Japan, 2013/11/02
Ralf Seidl, ”Fragmentation function measurements”,
XV International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy(Hadron 2013) (科研費 新学術領域研究 「新ハドロン」
総括班), Nara, Japan, 2013/11/07
Yuji Goto, ”Polarized nucleon-structure physics at RHICPHENIX”, XV International Conference on Hadron
Spectroscopy (Hadron 2013) (科 研 費 新 学 術 領 域 研
究 「新ハドロン」総括班), Nara, Japan, 2013/11/07
Kawama, Daisuke, ”Experimental investigation for mass
modiﬁcation eﬀect in nuclei (J-PARC E16 experiment)”,
XV International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy(Hadron 2013) (科研費 新学術領域研究 「新ハドロン」
総括班), Nara, Japan, 2013/11/07
Hideto En’yo, ”RIKEN Radio Isotope Beam Factory,
Japanese Flag Ship for Nuclear Science”, IASEN 2013
(Joint Institute for Nuclear Research), Lord Charles Hotel, Cape Town, Shouth Africa, 2013/12/03
Ralf Seidl, ”Polarized fragmentation function measurements at Belle”, Indiana-Illinois Workshop on Fragmentation Functions (Indiana University, University of Illinois), Bloomington, IN, USA, 2013/12/12
Itaru Nakagawa, ”Latest Results of Nucleon Spin Structure Measurement from PHENIX”, High Energy Physics
in LHC Era (Universidad Tecnica Federico Santa Maria)
Valparaiso, Chile, 2013/12/17(Domestic Conference etc.)
延與秀人 , ” 理研における中性子利用研究 – 事始め –”, 理研
シンポジウム「理研から発信する中性子利用の新たな展
開 » ものづくり産業利用に向けた小型中性子源の開発 »」( 理化学研究所 ), 理研和光事業所 鈴木梅太郎ホール ,2011/11/17
Kim Chong, ”Recent status of PHENIX spin program”,「高エネルギー QCD・核子構造」研究会 (KEK), Tokai,
Japan, 2014/03/08
不破康裕, ”マルチパルスレーザーを用いたレーザーイオン
源”, 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会 (日本加速器学会), 名古屋、日本, 2013/08/03
四日市 悟, ”vector meson の媒質中での崩壊の測定とその解釈”, 研究会 原子核媒質中のハドロン研究=魅力と課題=(高エネルギー物理学研究機構), 高エネルギー物理学研究
機構 東海一号館, 2013/08/06
小松雄哉, ”J-PARC E16 実験における大型 GEM フォイル

- 445 -

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

を用いた飛跡検出器の開発”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会 (日本物理学会), 高知大学朝倉キャンパス、日本,
2013/09/20
秋葉康之, ”RHIC での衝突エネルギー走査実験や多種原子
核衝突を通じたクォーク物質物性の研究”, 日本物理学会
2013 年秋季大会 (日本物理学会), 高知大学朝倉キャンパ
ス、日本, 2013/09/21√
林真一, ”Dielectron measurement in s = 5.02 TeV p+Pb
collisions at LHC-ALICE”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会 (日本物理学会), 高知大学、日本, 2013/09/21
水野三四郎, ”RHIC-PHENIX 実験における高次方位角異方性の直接光子依存性測定”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会(日本物理学会), 高知大学、日本, 2013/09/21
蜂谷崇, ”PHENIX-VTX を用いた 電子対の 2 次崩壊点及びDCA 測定の現状”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会 (日本物理学会), 高知大学、日本, 2013/09/21√
星野知也, ”RHIC-PHENIX 実験 sN N = 200 GeV 原子核
衝突における強磁場探索”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会(日本物理学会), 高知大学、日本, 2013/09/21
後藤雄二, ”RHIC-PHENIX 実験の検出器高度化計画”, 日本
物理学会 2013 年秋季大会 (日本物理学会), 高知大学、日本, 2013/09/22
Ralf Seidl, ”Accessing the sea quark polarization via W to
mu measurements in PHENIX”, 2013 Fall Meeting of theJapanese Physical Society (Japanese Physical Society),
Kochi, Japan, 2013/09/22
川間大介, ”J-PARC E16 実験に用いる GEM 検出器の中性子耐性テストについて”, 第 10 回 Micro-Pattern Gas
Detector 研究会 (京都大学、KEK 測定器開発室), 京都,
2013/12/14
蜂谷崇, ”高エネルギー原子核衝突における重いクォークの測定”, Heavy Ion Pub (名古屋大学・大阪大学・広島大学),
京都, 2013/12/20
熊 木 雅 史, ”Present Status of Laser Ion Source with ps
Laser System at BNL”, ビーム物理学会２０１３ (沖縄
科学技術大学院大学), 沖縄、日本, 2013/09/12
荒巻陽紀, ”金+金衝突における方位角ごとの中性パイ中間子
測定”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回年次大会 (日本物理学会),
東海大学湘南キャンパス、平塚、日本, 2014/03/27
中井恒, ”J-PARC E16 実験のための GEM 飛跡検出器の磁場中での性能評価”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回 年次大会
(日本物理学会), 東海大学湘南キャンパス、平塚、日本,
2014/03/27
池 田 峻 輔, ”Magnetic control of plasma ﬂux for laser ion
source”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回 年次大会 (日本物理学会), 東海大学湘南キャンパス、平塚、日本, 2014/03/28
池田義雅, ”RHIC-PHENIX 実験における核子当たり 39GeV
金原子核衝突のハドロン方位角異方性の測定”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回 年次大会 (日本物理学会), 広島大学,
2014/03/29
辻智也, ”Event plane dependence of neutral pion production in Pb+Pb collisions at √ sNN = 2.76 TeV with
ALICE”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回 年次大会 (日本物理学会), 東海大学湘南キャンパス、平塚、日本, 2014/03/30
水野三四郎, ”RHIC-PHENIX 実験における AuAu 衝突を用

- 446 -

いた直接光子の方位角異方性の研究”, 日本物理学会 第 69回 年次大会 (日本物理学会), 東海大学湘南キャンパス、
平塚、日本, 2014/03/30
八 野 哲, ”Neutral pion anslysis in pp collisions at 8TeV
with ALICE”, 日本物理学会 第 69 回 年次大会 (日本物理学会), 東海大学湘南キャンパス、平塚、日本, 2014/03/30√
星野知也, ”PHENIX 実験 sN N =200GeV 金原子核衝突における電子対測定を用いた強磁場探索”, 日本物理学会
第 69 回 年次大会 (日本物理学会), 東海大学湘南キャンパ
ス、平塚、日本, 2014/03/30
Kim Chong, ”Introduction and Status of W physics in
PHENIX Muon Arms”, Korean Physical Society 2013
Fall meeting (Korean Physical Society), Changwon, Korea, 2013/10/30
Moon Taebong, ”The Measurement of D0 Meson in P+P√
s=200 GeV using the VTX in the
Collisions at
PHENIX Experiment at RHIC”, Korean Physical Society 2013 Fall meeting (Korean Physical Society),
Changwon, Korea, 2013/10/30
Yoon Inseok, ”Report of Anaylsys Progress : ALL of π 0√
production at s = 510 GeV at PHENIX”, Korean
Physical Society 2013 Fall meeting (Korean PhysicalSociety), Changwon, Korea, 2013/10/30
Park Sanghwa, ”Sea Quark Polarization Measurement via
W-boson to Muon Decays at RHIC-PHENIX”, Korean
Physical Society 2013 Fall Meeting (Korean PhysicalSociety), Changwon, Korea, 2013/10/30

4Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Advanced Meson Science Laboratory[Journal]

Publications(Original Papers)  ＊Subject to Peer Review
Adiperdana B., Dharmawan I.A., Siregar R.E., SulaimanS., Ibrahim M.I.M., and Watanabe I., "Muon Site
Estimation on La2CuO4 Using Dipole Field and Density
Functional Theory Calculation", AIP Conf. Proc. 1554,
214-217 (2013)
Agnello H., Outa H., FINUDA collaboration, "Search forthe neutron-rich hypernucleus 9ΛHe",
Phys.Rev. C86 (2012) 057301 ＊Agnello H., Outa H., FINUDA collaboration, "Results on
Λp emission from K− absorption at rest on light nuclei",Nucl.Phys. A914 (2013) 310-314
Agnello H., Outa H., FINUDA collaboration, "First
determination of the one-proton induced Non-Mesonic
Weak Decay width of p-shell Λ-Hypernuclei",
Phys.Lett. B738 (2014) 499-504 ＊Ajimura S., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Tokuda M., Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration),"A search for deeply-bound kaonic nuclear state at the
J-PARC E15 experiment",
Proceedings of XI International Conference onHypernuclear and Strange Particle Physics (HYP2012)
Nucl. Phys. A 914, 315 (2013) ＊Ajimura S., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Tokuda M., Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration),"A Search for Deeply Bound Kaonic Nuclear States at
J-PARC", Proceedings of the 20th International IUPAP
Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics (FB20)
Few-Body Syst. 54, 1195 (2013) ＊Ariga H., Shimomura K., Ishida K., Pratt F., Yoshizawa,
Wataru K., Higemoto W., Torikai E., Asakura K.
“Detection of Oxygen Vacancy in Rutile TiO2 Single
Crystal by µSR Measurement” ＊JPS Conference Proceedings 2 (2014) 010307
Bakule P., Beer G.A., Contreras D., Esashi M., Fujiwara Y.,
Fukao Y., Hirota S., Iinuma H., Ishida K., Iwasaki M.,
Kakurai T., Kanda S., Kawai H., Kawamura N.,
Marshall G.M., Masuda H., Matsuda Y., Mibe T.,
Miyake Y., Okada S., Olchanski K., Olin A., Onishi H.,
Saito N., Shimomura K., Strasser P.E., Tabata M.,
Tomono D., Ueno K., Yokoyama K., Yoshida S.,“Measurement of muonium emission from silica
aerogel”, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2013), 103C0. ＊Bazzi M., Iwasaki M., SIDDHARTA collaboration,"L-series X-ray yields of kaonic 3He and 4He atoms ingaseous targets", Eur.Phys.J. A50 (2014) 91
Bazzi M,, Iwasaki M., Okada S., SIDDHARTA
collaboration, "X-ray transition yields of low-Z kaonicatoms produced in Kapton", Nucl.Phys. A916 (2013)30-47 ＊
Bazzi M., Iwasaki M., Okada S., SIDDHARTA- 447 -

collaboration, "Preliminary study of kaonic deuterium
X-rays by the SIDDHARTA experiment at DAFNE",
Nucl.Phys. A907 (2013) 69-77 ＊Bhang H., Ajimura S., Aoki K., Banu A., Fukuda T.,
Hashimoto O.,Hwang J.I., Kameoka S., Kang B.H., Kim
E., Kim J.H., Kim M., Maruta T., Miura Y., Miyake Y.,
Nagae T., Nakamura M., Nakamura S.N., Noumi H.,
Okada S., Okayasu Y., Outa H., Park K.,Saha P.K.,
Sato Y., Sekimoto M., Takahashi T., Tamura H., Tanida
K.,Toyoda A., Tshoo K., Tsukada K., Watanabe T., Yim
H.J., "The Strong Three-body Weak Interaction
Contribution in the Nonmesonic Weak Decay of p-shell ΛHypernuclei", Few Body Syst. 54 (2013) 1239-1243 ＊Bhang H., Ajimura S., Aoki K., Banu A., Fukuda T.,
Hashimoto O.,Hwang J.I., Kameoka S., Kang B.H., Kim
E., Kim J.H., Kim M., Maruta T., Miura Y., Miyake Y.,
Nagae T., Nakamura M., Nakamura S.N., Noumi H.,
Okada S., Okayasu Y., Outa H., Park K.,Saha P.K.,
Sato Y., Sekimoto M., Takahashi T., Tamura H., Tanida
K.,Toyoda A., Tshoo K., Tsukada K., Watanabe T., Yim
H.J., "Three-body ΛNN ---> nNN nonmesonic weak
decay process of Lambda hypernuclei", Few Body Syst.
54 (2013) 103-110 ＊Cargnello M., Iwasaki M., SIDDHARTA collaboration,"X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms at SIDDHARTA",
EPJ Web Conf. 73 (2014) 05008 ＊Chang L. –J., Lees M.R., Watanabe I., Hillier A.D., Yasui
Y., and Onoda S., “Static Magnetic Moments Revealed
by Muon Spin Relaxation and Thermodynamic
Measurements in Quantum Spin Ice Yb2Ti2O7”, Phys.
Rev. B 89, 184416-1-5 (2014) ＊Enomoto S., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Tokuda M., Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration),"Search for deeply-bound Kbar-nuclear states via the
3He(inflight-K-,n) reaction at J-PARC", Proceedingsof XV International Conference on Hadron
Spectroscopy (Hadron 2013), Proceedings of Science(Hadron 2013) 182 (2014)
Fujihala M., Xu-Guang Zheng, Norodomi H., Kawae T.,
and Watanabe I.,"Magnetic Transition in K4Cu4OCl10: A Model System ofThree-Dimensional Spin-1/2 Tetrahedra", Phys. Rev. B
87, 144425-1-6 (2013) ＊Fujihala M., Xu-Guang Zheng, Norodomi H., Kawae T.,
Matsuo A., Kindo K., and Watanabe I.,"Unconventional Spin Freezing in the Highly
Two-Dimensional
Spin-1/2
KagomeAntiferromagnet Cd2Cu3(OH)6(SO4)2・4H2O: Evidence ofPartial Order and Coexisting Spin Singlet State on aDistorted Kagome Lattice", Phys. Rev. B 89,
100401(R)-1-5 (2014) ＊Fujioka H., Brinkmann K.T., Friedrich S., Geissel
H.,Hayano R.S., Hirenzaki S., Itahashi K., Itoh S., JidoD., Metag V., Nagahiro H., Nanova M., Nishi T., OkochiK., Outa H., Suzuki K., Suzuki T.,Tanaka Y.K.,
Watanabe Y.N., Weick H., "Spectroscopy of eta-prime

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Mesic Nuclei via Semi-Exclusive Measurement at
FAIR" EPJ Web Conf. 66 (2014) 09006
Goto T., Suzuki T., Watanabe I., Manaka H., Luetkens H.,
and Amato A., "Ground State of Bond-Disordered
Quasi-One-Dimensional
Spin
System(CH3)2CHNH3Cu(ClxBr1-x)3 with x=0, 0.025 and 0.3"
J. Phys. Soc. Conf. Proc. 2, 010207-1-5 (2014). ＊Guo H., Matsuhira K., Kawasaki I., Wakeshima M.,
Hinatsu Y., Watanabe I., and Xu Z.,"Magnetic Order in Pyrochlore Iridate Nd2Ir2O7 Probed
by Muon Spin Relaxation", Phys. Rev. B 88,
060441(R)-1-5(2013) ＊Guo H., Tanida H., Kobayashi R., Kawasaki I., Sera M.,
Nishioka T., Matsumura M., Watanabe I., and Xu Z.,"Magnetic Instability Induced by Rh-Doping in Kondo
Semiconductor CeRu2Al10", Phys. Rev. B 88, 115206-1-8(2013) ＊Hashimoto T. et al. (J-PARC E15 collaboration),"A search for the K-pp bound state in the 3He(Kin-flight, n) reaction at J-PARC", Proceedings of the25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2013), EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 09008 (2014)
Hiroi M., Hisamatsu T., Suzuki T., Ohishi K., Ishii Y., and
Watanabe I., "Muon Spin Relaxation Study of
Spin-Glass Transition in the Heusler Compound
Ru1.9Fe0.1CrSi", Phys. Rev. B. 87, 024409-1-5 (2013) ＊Ikedo Y., Miyake Y., Shimomura K., Strasser P.,
Kawamura N., Nishiyama K., Makimura S., Fujimori
H., Koda A., Nakamura J., Nagatomo T., Kobayashi Y.,
Adachi T., Pant A.D., Ogitsu T., Nakamoto T,, Sasaki
K., Ohhata H., Okada R., Yamamoto A., Makida Y.,
Yoshida M., Okamura T., Ohkubo R., Higemoto W., Ito
T.U., Nakahara K., Ishida K.,"U-Line at MLF/J-PARC for Ultra Slow Muon
Microscopy", JPS Conference Proceedings 2 (2014)
010103
Iliescu M., Iwasaki M., Okada S., SIDDHARTA
collaboration, "Kaon-Nucleon Strong Interaction in
Kaonic Atoms: The SIDDHARTA Program", Few Body
Syst. 54 (2013) 1123-1126 ＊Itahashi K., "Meson Bound States Spectroscopy in Nuclei:
Pionic Atoms at RIBF and η ′ -Mesic Nuclei at
GSI/FAIR", Acta Phys.Polon. B45 (2014) 773 ＊Itahasshi K., Berg G.P.A., Dozono M., Fujioka H., Fukuda
M., Furuno T., Geissel H., Hayano R.S., Inabe N.,
Itahashi K., Itoh S., Kameda D., Kubo T., Matsubara H.,
Michimasa
S., Miki K., Miya H., Murakami Y.,
Nakamura M., Nakatsuka M.,Nishi T., Noji S., OkochiK., Ota S., Suzuki H., Suzuki K., Takaki M., Takeda H.,
Tanaka Y.K., Todoroki K.,Tsukada K., Uesaka T.,
Watanabe Y.N., Weick H., Yamada H., Yoshida K.,"First
Precision Spectroscopy of Pionic Atoms at RI Beam
Factory ", Few Body Syst. 54 (2013) 1569-1572 ＊Itahashi K., "Pionic atom factory project at RIBF —Present status and future perspectives — ",PoS Hadron2013 (2013) 015
Ishiwatari T., Iwasaki M., Okada S., SIDDHARTA- 448 -

collaboration, "Strong-interaction shifts and widths ofkaonic helium isotopes", Nucl. Phys. A914 (2013)305-309 ＊Kanda S., Fujimori H., Fukao Y., Ikedo Y., Ishida K.,
Iwasaki M., Kawamura N., Kojima K.M., Lee M.,
Makimura S., Mibe T., Miyake Y., Nakamura J.,
Nagashima Y., Nagatomo T., Nagumo K., Nishimura S.,
Okada S., Saito N., Shimomura K., T. Suzuki, Strasser
P., Ueno K., Won E.,"Development of High-Rate Positron Tracker for the
Muonium Production Experiment at J-PARC", JPS
Conference Proceedings 2 (2014) 010404 ＊Kawasaki I., Watanabe I., Hillier A.D., and Aoki D.,"Evidence for Time-Reversal Symmetry Breaking in
Both the Hidden Order and Superconducting States of
URu2Si2", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83, 094720-1-5 (2014) ＊Kawasaki I., Watanabe I., Amitsuka H., Tanida H., andOhnuki Y.,"Superconducting Properties of NoncentrosymmetricSuperconductor LaPt3Si Studied by Muon Spin
Spectroscopy", J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 084713-1-6 (2013) ＊Konieczny P.,
Pelka R., Zielinski P.M., Pratt F.L.,
Pinkowicz D., Sieklucka B. and Wasiutynski T.
“Scaling
analysisof[Fe(pyrazole)4]2[Nb(CN)8]
molecular magnet”, J. Magn. Magn. Mat. 344, 105(2013) ＊Kuroe H., Aoki K., Sato T., Kino R., Kuwahara H., Sekine
T., Hase M., Kawasaki I., Kawamata T., Suzuki T.,
Watanabe I., Oka K., Ito T., and Eisaki H.,"Muon spin Spectroscopy in Multiferroic (Cu,Zn)3Mo2O9" ,J. Phys. Soc. Conf. Proc. 2, 010206-1-8 (2014). ＊Liu Z., Waki T., Tabata Y., Yuge K., Nakamura H., and
Watanabe I., "Magnetic Ground State of the Mn+1AXn
Phase Nitride Cr2GaN", Phys. Rev. B 88, 1334401-1-7(2013) ＊Miyazaki K., Saito N., Okamura K., Oishi Y., Louchev
O.A., Iwasaki M. and Wada S., "Tunable 820.65 nm
Light Source by Injection-Seeded Optical Parametric
Oscillator and Amplifier for Muonium Lyman-Alpha
Generation", JPS Conference Proceedings 2 (2014)
010107 ＊Moller J.S., Bonfa P., Ceresoli D., Bernardini F., Blundell
S.J., Lancaster T., De Renzi R., Marzari N., Watanabe I.,
Sulaiman S., and Mohamed-Ibrahim M.I.,"Playing Quantum Hide-and-Seek with The Muon:
Localizing Muon Stopping Sites", Phys. Scr. 88,
068510-1-7 (2013) ＊Moritsu M., Itahashi K., J-PARC E19 collaboration,"High-resolution search for the Θ+ pentaquark via apion-induced reaction at J-PARC ", Phys.Rev. C90(2014) 035205 ＊Moritsu M., Itahashi K., J-PARC E19 collaboration,"Search for the Θ+ pentaquark at J-PARC", Nucl.Phys.
A914 (2013) 91-96 ＊Mukai K., Aoki Y., Andreica D., Amato A., Watanabe I.,
Giblin S.R., and Sugiyama J.,"Thermally
Activated
Spin
FluctuationsinⅦ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Stoichiometric
LiCoO2ClarifiedbyElectron
Paramagnetic Resonance and Muon-Spin Rotation andRelaxation Measurements", Phys. Rev. B 89,
094406-1-11 (2014) ＊Nagahiro H., Jido D., Fujioka H., Itahashi K., HirenzakiS., "Formation of eta-prime(958)-mesic nuclei by (p,d)
reaction", Phys.Rev. C87 (2013) 045201 ＊Nakamura J., Nagatomo T., Oishi Y., Ikedo Y., Strasser P.,
Saito N., Miyazaki K., Yokoyama K., Okamura K.,
Miyake Y., Makimura S., Nishiyama K., Shimomura K.,
Kawamura N., Koda A., Higemoto W., Wada S., IwasakiM., Torikai E., "Ultra Slow Muon Microscope at MUSE /J-PARC", J.Phys.Conf.Ser. 502 (2014) 012042 ＊Nakamura J., Oishi Y., Saito N., Miyazaki K., YokoyamaK., Okamura K,, Makimura S., Miyake Y., Nagatomo T.,
Strasser P., Ikedo Y., Tomono D., Shimomura K., WadaS., Kawamura N., Koda A. and Nishiyama K.,"Transport of Coherent VUV Radiation to Muon U-Line
for Ultra Slow Muon Microscope", JPS Conference
Proceedings 2 (2014) 010108 ＊Naruki M., Itahashi K., J-PARC E19 collaboraton, "Search
for Pentaquark Θ+ in Hadronic Reaction at J-PARC ",Few Body Syst. 54 (2013) 955-960 ＊Nishi T., Berg G.P.A., Dozono M., Fujioka H., Fukuda M.,
Furuno T., Geissel H., Hayano R.S., Inabe N., ItahashiK., Itoh S., Kameda D., Kubo T., Matsubara H.,
Michimasa
S., Miki K., Miya H., Murakami Y.,
Nakamura M., Nakatsuka M., Noji S., Okochi K., Ota S.,
Suzuki H., Suzuki K., Takaki M., Takeda H., Tanaka
Y.K., Todoroki K.,Tsukada K., Uesaka T., Watanabe Y.N.,
Weick H., Yamada H., Yoshida K., "The first precision
measurement of deeply bound pionic states in 121Sn" ,EPJ Web Conf. 66 (2014) 09014
Nishi T., Berg G.P.A., Dozono M., Fujioka H., Fukuda M.,
Furuno T., Geissel H., Hayano R.S., Inabe N., ItahashiK., Itoh S., Kameda D., Kubo T., Matsubara H.,
Michimasa
S., Miki K., Miya H., Murakami Y.,
Nakamura M., Nakatsuka M., Noji S., Okochi K., Ota S.,
Suzuki H., Suzuki K., Takaki M., Takeda H., Tanaka
Y.K., Todoroki K.,Tsukada K., Uesaka T., Watanabe Y.N.,
Weick H., Yamada H., Yoshida K., "BigRIPS as a highresolution spectrometer for pionic atoms", Nucl.
Instrum.Meth. B317 (2013) 290-293 ＊Ohnishi H., Iwasaki M., Sakuma F., Yokkaichi S., Bühler
P., Hartmann O., Ishiwatari T., Marton J., Suzuki K.,
Widmann E., Zmeskal J. Curceanu C., Guaraldo C.,
Okada S., Vidal A.R., Sirghi D., Sirghi F., Vazquez DoceO., Hicks K., Muto R., Naruki M., Sawada S., Niiyama
M., Noumi H., Sakaguchi A., Tsukada K., "A Search for
φ Meson Nucleus Bound State Using Antiproton
Annihilation on Nucleus", Acta Phys.Polon. B45 (2014)
819-826 ＊Oishi Y., Okamura K., Miyazaki K., Saito N., Iwasaki M.,
Wada S., ”All-solid-state laser amplifiers for intense
Lyman-α generation” Proceedings of the International
Symposium on Science Explored by Ultra Slow Muon.
Vol.2, 010105-1～5 (2014) ＊- 449 -

Okamura K., Saito N., Miyazaki K., Oishi Y., Louchev O,,
Iwasaki M. and Wada S.,"Temporally Resolved Spectral Structure of 821 nm
Broad-Area Laser Diode Seeder for Muonium
Lyman-Alpha Generation",
JPS Conference Proceedings 2 (2014) 010106 ＊Risdiana, Safriani L., Somantri W.A., Saragi T., Adachi T.,
Kawasaki I., Watanabe I., and Koike Y.,"Impurity-Induced Magnetic Order in Electron-Doped
Superconducting Cuprates Eu1.85Ce0.15Cu1-yNiyO4+α-δ
Studied by Muon-Spin-Relaxation", Advanced Materials
Research 896, 354-357 (2014) ＊Safriani L., Risdiana, Bahtiar A., Aprilia A., Siregar R.E.,
Hidayat R., Saragi T.P.I, Kawasaki I., and Watanabe I.,"Charge Carrier Dynamics of Active Material Solar Cell
P3HT: ZnO Nanoparticles Studied by Muon Spin
Relaxation (μSR)", Advanced Materials Research 896,
477-480 (2014) ＊Sakuma F., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sato M., Tokuda M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), 㻌 㻌"A Search for Deeply-bound Kaonic Nuclear States by
In-flight 3He(K-,n) Reaction at J-PARC", Proceedingsof the Second International Symposium on Mesic
Nuclei, Acta Phys. Pol. B45, 767 (2014) ＊Saragi T.P.I, Risdiana, Safriani L., Kawasaki I., Salbeck J.
and Watanabe I.
“Muon-Spin-Relaxation
Studyof
Organic
Semiconductor Spiro-Linked Compound”
Organic Electronics 14, 62–66 (2013) ＊Suzuki K., Brinkmann K.T., Friedrich S., Fujioka H.,
Geissel H.,Hayano R.S., Hirenzaki S., Itahashi K., ItohS., Jido D., Metag V., Nagahiro H., Nanova M., Nishi T.,
Okochi K., Outa H., Suzuki T.,Tanaka Y.K., Watanabe
Y.N., Weick H., "Spectroscopy of η′ mesic nuclei using(p,d) reaction", PoS Hadron2013 (2013) 166
Suzuki T., Watanabe I., Yamada F., Ishii Y., Ohishi K.,
Goto T., and Tanaka H.,"Gradual Evolution in Spin Dynamics of TlCu1-xMgxCl3
Probed by Mon-Spin-Relaxation (μSR) Technique"
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 502, 012041-1-14(2014). ＊Tanabe Y., Adachi T., Suzuki K. , Akoshima M.,
Kawamata T., Ishii Y., Suzuki T., Watanabe I., andKoike Y.,
“Development of Spatial Inhomogeneity of Internal
Magnetic Field above TC inBi2Sr2Ca1-xYxCu2O8+
Observed by Longitudinal-Field Muon-Spin-Relaxation”
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 83, 074707-1-5 (2014) ＊Tanaka K.S., Aoki M., Iinuma H., Ikedo Y., Ishida K.,
Iwasaki M., Ueno Y., Ohkubo R., Ogitsu T., Kadono R.,
Kamigaito O., Kawamura N., Kawall D., Kanda S.,
Kubo K., Kume T., Koda A., Kojima K., Saito N.,
Sakamoto N., Sasaki K., Shimomura K., Sugano M.,
Tomono D., Toyoda A., Torii H.A., Torikai E., Nagamine
K., Nishiyama K., Strasser P., Fukao Y., Fujiwara Y.,
Matsuda Y., Mibe T., Miyake Y., Yoshida M.,

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)"Measurement of Muonium Hyperfine Splitting at
J-PARC", JPS Conference Proceedings 2 (2014) 010405 ＊Tanaka Y.K., Brinkmann K.T., Friedrich S., Fujioka H.,
Geissel H.,Hayano R.S., Hirenzaki S., Itahashi K., ItohS., Jido D., Metag V., Nagahiro H., Nanova M., Nishi T.,
Okochi K., Outa H., Suzuki K., Suzuki T., Watanabe
Y.N., Weick H., "Missing Mass Spectroscopy of η′
Mesic Nuclei with the (p,d) Reaction at GSI",
EPJ Web Conf. 66 (2014) 09019
Tanaka Y.K., Brinkmann K.T., Friedrich S., Fujioka H.,
Geissel H.,Hayano R.S., Hirenzaki S., Itahashi K., ItohS., Jido D., Metag V., Nagahiro H., Nanova M., Nishi T.,
Okochi K., Outa H., Suzuki K., Suzuki T., Watanabe
Y.N., Weick H., "Spectroscopy of η′ mesic nuclei with(p,d) reaction", Few Body Syst. 54 (2013) 1263-1266 ＊Tomida N., Niiyama M., Ohnishi H., Tran M., Hsieh C.-Y.,
Chu M.-L., Chang W.-C., Chen J.-Y., "Large strip
RPCs for the LEPS2 TOF system", Nucl. Instrum. Meth.
A766 (2014) 283-287 ＊Watanabe Y.N., Berg G.P.A, Dozono M., Fujioka H.,
Fukuda N., Furuno T., Geissel H., Hayano R.S., InabeN., Itahashi K., Itoh S., Kameda D., Kubo T.,
Matsubara H., Michimasa S., Miki K., Miya H.,
Murakami Y., Nakamura M., Nakatsuka N., Nishi T.,
Noji S., Okochi K., Ota S., Suzuki H., Suzuki K., TakakiM., Takeda H., Tanaka Y.K., Todoroki K., Tsukada K.,
Uesaka T., Weick H., Yamada H., Yamakami H., YoshidaK., "Status and future plan of the spectroscopy of pionic
atoms", J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 503 (2014) 012037
Wenner S., Nishimura K., Matsuda K., Matsuzaki T.,
Tomono D., Pratt F.L., Marioara C.D. and Holmestad R.
“Muon kinetics in heat treated Al(-Mg)(-Si) alloys”
Acta. Mat. 61, 6082 (2013) ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Adiperdana B., Dharmawan I.A., Siregar R.E., SulaimanS., Ismail M.I.M., WatanabeO.,”Muon Site Estimationon La2CuO4 Using Dipole Field and Density Functional
Theory”, Padjadjaran International Physics Symposium2013 (PIPS2013), Contribution of Physics on
Environmental and Energy Conservations, Padjadjaran
Univerisity, Jatinagor, Indonesia, May(2013)
Enomoto S., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration),"Search fordeeply-boundKbar-nuclear
statesvia
the
3He(inflight-K-,n)reactionat
J-PARC",XVInternational Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy(Hadron 2013), Nov.(2013)
Hashimoto T., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma.
Y., Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T.
(J-PARC E15 collaboration), "A search for the K-pp
bound state in the 3He(inflight-K-,n) reaction at
J-PARC", The 25th International Nuclear Physics

Conference (INPC 2013), Firenze, Jun(2013)
Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y., Okada S.,
Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M., Yamazaki T.
(J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Search for the K-pp boundstate via the 3He(K-,n) reaction at 1 GeV/c", 3rdInternational Workshop on "State of the Art in Nuclear
Cluster Physics" (SOTANCP3), KGU Kannai Media
Center, Kanto Gakuin University, Yokohama, Japan.,May(2014)
Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y., Okada S.,
Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M., Yamazaki T.
(J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Search for the K-pp boundstate via the infight-kaon reaction on helium-3", 20th
Particles and Nuclei International Conference 2014
(PANIC2014), Hamburg, Germany, Aug.(2014)
Inoue K., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), "A Search
forDeeply-bound Kaonic nuclear states", The 3rd
Korea-Japan Workshop on Nuclear and Hadron Physics
at J-PARC, Inha University, Korea, Mar.(2014)
Ishida K. for muon g-2/EDM collaboration,"Status and prospect of g-2 experiment at J-PARC",
PHIPSI13, Rome, September (2013)
Itahashi K., "Meson bound states spectroscopy in nuclei:
pionic atoms at RIBF and eta-prime mesic nuclei at
GSI/FAIR", II International Symposium on Mesic
Nuclei, Cracow, Poland, Sep.(2013)
Itahashi K., "Systematic study of deeply bound pionic
atom and future perspectives", YITP workshop on
Hadron in Nucleus, Kyoto, Oct. (2013)
Itahashi K., "Pionic atom factory project at RIKEN,
HADRON 2013, Nara, Nov. (2013)
Iwasaki M., “RIKEN's activity at J-PARC Hadron Hall”,
25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2013), Firenze, Italy, Jun. (2013).
Iwasaki M., “From kaonic atom to kaonic nuclear system”,
Workshop on Strangeness in the Universe? Theoreticaland experimental progress and challenges, Trento, Italy,
Oct. (2013).
Iwasaki M., “Search for deeply-bound Kbar-nuclear states
via the 3He (inglight-K-,n) reaction at J-PARC”,
International workshop on strangeness nuclear physics(SNP2013), Xiamen, China, Dec.(2013).
Kawasaki S.,Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma.
Y., Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T.
(J-PARC E15 collaboration),"Experimental search for K-pp deeply bound statevia
in-flight 3He(K-,n) reaction at J-PARC K1.8BR", The
2nd International Symposium on Science at J-PARC
2014, Tsukuba, Japan, Jul.(2014)
Ma Y., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Okada S.,
Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M., Yamazaki T.
(J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Search for deeply-boundKbar-nuclear states via the 3He(inflght K-, N) reaction
at J-PARC", The Seventh International Symposium on
Chiral Symmetry in Hadrons and Nuclei (Chiral13),- 450 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Beijing, China, Oct.(2013)
Miyazaki K., Saito N., Okamura K., Oishi Y., Louchev O.,
Iwasaki M., and Wada S., “Development of Lyman-α
light source for muonium excitation: Tunable 820.65 nm
light source by injection-seeded optical parametricoscillator and amplifier”,
Nonlinear Optics 2013, Hawaii, July (2013)
Oishi Y., Okamura K., Miyazaki K., Saito N., Iwasaki M.,
and Wada S., “Intense Lyman-α light source forgeneration of ultra-slow Muon”,
Conference on Laser and Electro-Optics/Europe - IQEC
2013, Munich, May (2013)
Oishi Y., Okamura K., Miyazaki K., Saito N., Iwasaki M.,
and Wada S.,“Amplifying high energy pulses at 1062.78
nm with diode pumped Nd:YGAG ceramic”,
Advanced-Solid-State Lasers 2013, Paris, France,
October (2013)
Okada S., Beer G., Fujiwara Y., Ishida K., Iwasaki M.,
Kawai H., Marshall G., Mibe T., Oishi Y., Olin A., Saito
N., Tabata M., Tomono D., Ueno K. and Yokoyama K.,“Developmentofroom-temperaturethermal-muonium-emitting material for ultra-slow
muon production and afure plan of ultra-slow-muonbeamline at RIKEN-RAL”,
International Symposium on Science Explored by Ultra
Slow Muon (USMM2013), Matsue, August (2013)
Okada S.,”High-precision spectroscopy of kaonic-atom
X-rays with TES microcalorimeters” Workshop on
Strangeness in the Universe? Theoretical andexperimental progress and challenges, Trento, Italy,
Oct. (2013).
Okada S., Bennett D. A., Doriese. W. B., Fowler. J. W.,
Irwin. K. D., Ishimoto S., Sato M., Schmidt. D. R.,
Swetz. D. S., Tatsuno H., Ullom. J. N., Yamada S.,“Study of strong interaction between anti-kaon andnucleusvia
high-resolution
kaonic-atom
x-rayspectroscopy
withsuperconducting
transition-edge-sensor
microcalorimeters”,
Suzaku-MAXI 2014 (Expanding the Frontiers of the
X-ray Universe), Matsuyama, Feb. (2014).
Okada S., Bennett D. A., Doriese W. B., Fowler J. W.,
Irwin K. D., Ishimoto S., Sato M., Schmidt D. R.,
Swetz D. S., Tatsuno H., Ullom. J. N., Yamada S.,“High-resolution Kaonic-atom X-ray Spectroscopy withTransition-edge-sensor Microcalorimeters” Pasadena,USA, Jun. (2013).
Okada S., Beer. G., Fujiwara Y., Ishida K., Iwasaki M.,
Kawai H., Marshall G., Mibe T., Oishi Y., Olin A., Saito
N., Tabata M., Tomono D., Ueno K., Yokoyama K.,“Development of room-temperature thermal-muonium-emitting material for ultra-slow muon production and afuture plan of ultra-slow muon beamline at
RIKEN-RAL”, International Symposium on Science
Explored by Ultra Slow Muon (USM2013), Matsue,
Aug.(2013).
Okada S., “High-resolution hadronic-atom x-ray spectroscopy
with transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters”, YITP

- 451 -

international workshop on Hadron in Nucleus, Kyoto,
Nov. (2013).
Risdiana, W.A. Somantri, L.Safriani, T.Saragi, Adachi T.,
Kawasaki Y., Watanabe I.,Koike Y., ”Effects of
Ni-Impurities
onthe
Cu-SpinDynamicsofElectron-Doped
Superconducting
Cuprates”,
Padjadjaran International Physics Symposium 2013
(PIPS2013) Contribution of Physics on Environmental
and Energy Conservations, Padjadjaran Univerisity,
Jatinagor, Indonesia,
May (2013)
Risdiana, L.Safriani, W.A. Somantri, T.Saragi, Adachi T.,
Kawasaki Y., Watanabe O., Koike I.,“Possible Existenceof the Stripe Correlations in Electron-Doped
Superconducting Cuprates Eu1.85Ce0.15Cu1-yNiyO4+ α- βStudiedby
Muon-Spin-Relaxation”,
The 2013
International Conference on Advanced Material Scienceand Technology (ICAMST2013), University GadjahMada, Yogyakarra, Indonesia, Sep.(2013)
Sada Y., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Analysis
status of the J-PARC E15 experiment (a search fordeeply-bound Kaonic nuclear state)", YITP workshop on
Hadron in Nucleus, Kyoto-Univ., Kyoto, Nov. (2013)
Sada Y., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Search for
the K-pp bound state via the in-flight 3He(K-,n)reaction", 13th International Workshop on Meson
Production, Properties and Interaction (MESON2014),
Krakow, Poland, Jun.(2014)
Sato M.,Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Yamazaki
T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Search for kaonic
nuclei by in-flight K- reaction on 3He at J-PARC",
ECT* workshop "Strangeness in the Universe", ECT*,
Italy, Oct.(2013)
Safriani L., Risdiana, Bahtiar A., Aprilia A., Siregar R.E.,
Hidayat R., Saragi T.P.I., Kawasaki I, Watanabe I.,“Charge Carrier Dynamics of Active Material Solar Cell
P3HT: ZnO Nanoparticles Studied by Muon Spin
Relaxation (μSR)”, The 2013 International Conference
on Advanced Material Science and Technology(ICAMST2013), University Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarra,
Indonesia, Sep.(2013)
Sakuma F., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma Y., Okada S,
Ohnishi H, Outa H., Sato M., Yamazaki T., E15
collaborator., “A search for deeply-bound kaonic nuclear
states by in-flight 3 He(K - , n) reaction at J -PARC”
II International Symposium on Mesic Nuclei, Cracow,
Poland, Sep.(2013).
Sakuma F., “Search for double strangeness dibaryons at
J-PARC” Workshop on Strangeness in the Universe
Theoretical and experimental progress and challenges,
Trento, Italy, Oct. (2013).
Sakuma F., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sato M., Yamazaki T.
(J-PARC E15 collaboration), "Recent results and future
prospects of the KbarNN search via the (K-,N) reaction
at J-PARC", Achievements and Perspectives in
Low-Energy QCD with Strangeness, ECT*, Italy,Oct.(2014)
Sato F., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma Y., Okada S.,
Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma F., Yamazaki T., E15
collaborator., “Search for kaonic nuclei by in-flight Kreaction on 3He at J-PARC” Workshop on Strangenessin the Universe? Theoretical and experimental progressand challenges, Trento, Italy, Oct. (2013).
Tokuda M., Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), "A Search
for Deeply Bound Kaonic Nuclear States at J-PARC",
The 12th Asia Pacific Physics Conference of AAPPS(APPC12), Chiba, Japan, Jul.(2013)
Tokuda M. Hashimoto T., Itahashi K., Iwasaki M., Ma. Y.,
Okada S., Ohnishi H., Outa H., Sakuma. F., Sato M.,
Yamazaki T. (J-PARC E15 collaboration), "A Search for
Deeply Bound Kaonic Nuclear States at J-PARC", The
13th International Conference on Meson-Nucleon
Physics and the Structure of the Nucleon (MENU 2013),
Rome, Italy, Oct.(2013)
Watanabe I., “Applications and Simulations of Muons forMaterial Sciences”, RIKEN-USM Sypsium,
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Penang,Malaysia,
Feb. (2013)(Domestic Conference)
足立匡, 今泉真人, 稲辺拓也, 鈴木謙介, 川股隆行、野地尚,大石一城, Hanjie Guo, 渡邊功雄, 小池洋二：
 “鉄カルコゲナイド超伝導体における磁性と超伝導のμSRによる研究”, KEK-IMSS Science Festa, KEK、茨城県つくば市, 3 月(2013)
足立匡, 高橋晶, 稲辺拓也, 鈴木謙介, M.A. Baqiya, 川股隆行, 野地, Hanjie Guo, 渡邊功雄, 幸田章宏, 宮崎正範, 小池 洋 二 : “ μ SR Study of the Spin Fluctuation inElectron-Doped
High-Tc
Cuprates
andImpurity-Substituted Iron Chalcogenides”, ICC-IMR
Workshop "Superconductivity Research Advanced by
New Materials and Spectroscopies", 東北大金研、宮城県
仙台市, 7 月(2013)
足立匡, 稲辺拓也, 鈴木謙介, 川股隆行, 野地尚, Hanjie
Guo, 渡 邊 功 雄 , 小 池 洋 二 : “Impurity-Induced
Development
of
the
Spin
CorrelationinIron-Chalcogenide Superconductors”, International
Symposium on Science Explored by Ultra Slow Muon
(USM2013), 松江コンベンションビューロー, 島根県松江市, 8 月(2013)
足立匡, 稲辺拓也, 鈴木謙介, 川股隆行, 野地, Hanjie Guo,
渡邊功雄, 小池洋二: “μSR から見た鉄カルコゲナイド超伝導体 Fe1-yMySe0.3Te0.7（M = Co, Ni, Zn）単結晶におけるスピン相関の不純物置換効果”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋
季大会, 徳島大学, 徳島県徳島市, 9 月(2013)
足立匡, 高橋晶, 稲辺拓也, 鈴木謙介, A.M.A. Baqiya, 川股隆行, 野地尚, H. Guo, 渡邊功雄, 幸田章宏, 宮崎正範,

門野良典, 小池洋二: “ T' 型銅酸化物と鉄カルコゲナイ
ド超伝導体におけるスピン揺らぎのμSR による研究”,第 7 回物性科学領域横断研究会（領域合同研究会）,東京大学たけだ先端知ビル, 12 月(2013)
足立匡, 高橋晶, 鈴木謙介, M.A. Baqiya, 渡邊功雄, 幸田章
宏, 宮崎正範, 門野良典, 小池洋二: “μSR からみた電
子型 T'-214 高温超伝導体における Cu スピン相関とノン
ドープ超伝導”, 第 2 回物構研サイエンスフェスタ, KEK,
茨城県つくば市, 1 月(2014)
井上謙太郎, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 徳田真, 橋本直, 山崎敏
光, Ma Yue (J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC K1.8BR ビーム
ラインにおける液体 3He 標的への K-ビーム照射実験(5)",日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知大学, 高知, 9 月(2013)
榎本瞬, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 徳田真, 橋本直, 山崎敏光,
Ma Yue (J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC K1.8BR ビームライ
ンにおける液体 3He 標的への K-ビーム照射実験(4)", 日本
物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知大学, 高知, 9 月(2013)
應田治彦, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, Ma Y, 岡田信二,大西宏明,
佐 久 間 史 典 , 佐 藤 将 春 , 山 崎 敏 光 , E15 collaborator : “ E15 experiment on K-pp ” , KEK theory center
workshop on J-PARC hadron physics in 2014, つくば市,
2 月(2014).
岡 田 信 二 : “超伝導遷移端マイクロカロリメータを用いたハ
ドロニック原子 X 線精密分光”, 第 2 回中性子星核物質研究会, 和光市, 12 月(2013).
岡田信二, 石田勝彦，岩崎雅彦，上野一樹，Eunil Won，
大石裕，Art Olin，河合秀幸，河村成肇，神田聡太郎,
北村遼，齊藤直人，下村浩一郎，Patrick Strasser，
田端誠，友野大，西村昇一郎，Pavel Bakule, George Beer，
藤原裕也，Glen Marshall，松田恭幸，三部勉，三宅康博，
横山幸司，Woodo Lee: “超低速ミュオン生成のための室温
ミュオニウム真空放出源の開発” 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚市, 3 月(2014).
小林弘明, 岡澤厚, 小島憲道, 川崎郁斗, 渡邊功雄: “スピン平衡を示すスピンクロスオーバー鉄 (II) 錯体におけるメ
スバウアー分光とミュオン分光からみた動的挙動”, 2013年度メスバウアー分光研究会, 東大本郷キャンパス, 3 月(2014)
佐田優太, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西
宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 徳田真, 橋本直, 山崎敏光,
Ma Yue (J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC E15 実験におけるin-flight 3He(K-,n)反応での K 中間子原子核の探索", 日本
物理学会第 68 回年次大会,広島大学, 東広島, 3 月(2013)
佐田優太, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西
宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 徳田真, 橋本直, 山崎敏光,
Ma Yue (J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC K1.8BR ビームライ
ンにおける液体 3He 標的への K-ビーム照射実験(3)", 日本
物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知大学, 高知, 9 月(2013)
佐田優太, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西
宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 徳田真, 橋本直, 山崎敏光,
Ma Yue (J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC K1.8BR における3He(K-,Λpn)反応を用いての K-多核子吸収の研究",日本
物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 東海大学, 神奈川, 3 月(2014)
鈴木謙介, 足立匡, 佐藤秀孝, 渡邊功雄, 小池洋二：- 452 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

 “Magnetic Ground State of Fe-Substitued La-214
High-TC Superconductors ”
Excellent Graduate
Schools 2012 Annual Meeting and Japan-Russia
Workshopon Advanced Materials Synthesis
Process and Nanostructure, 秋保温泉、宮城県仙台市, 3
月 (2013)
鈴木謙介, 足立匡, 佐藤秀孝, 渡邊功雄, 小池洋二: “Fe を置換した La2-xSrxCu1-yFeyO4 における遍歴磁性と局在磁性”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 徳島大学, 徳島県徳島市, 9 月(2013)
鈴木謙介, 足立匡, Hanjie Guo, 川崎郁斗, 渡邊功雄, 小池
洋二：“La2-xSrxCu1-yAlyO4 のオーバードープ領域における Al 誘起磁気秩序”,日本物理学会大 69 回年次大会, 東海大学湘南キャンパス, 神奈川県, 3 月(2014)
鈴木栄男, Hanjie Guo, 川崎郁斗, 渡邊功雄, 片山和哉, 後藤貴行, 田中秀数: “ミュオンスピン緩和でみたボースグラ
ス相 Tl$_{1-x}$K$_x$CuCl$_3$ のゼロ磁場極限における磁気的基底状態”, 日本物理学会大 69 回年次大会, 東海大学湘南キャンパス, 神奈川県, 3 月(2014)
高橋晶, 足立匡, 鈴木謙介, M.A. Baqiya, 渡邊功雄, 幸田章
宏, 宮崎正範, 門野良典, 小池洋二:“μSR から見た電子型超伝導体 Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+δ (x= 0.10)におけるスピンダイナミクの還元効果”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 徳島大学、徳島県徳島市、９月(2013)
高橋晶, 足立匡, 鈴木謙介, M.A.Baquya, 渡邊功雄, 幸田
章宏, 宮崎正範, 門野良典, 小池洋二: “ミュオンスピン緩
和 か ら 見 た 電 子 型 超 伝 導 体 T'-Pr1.3-xLa0.7CexCuO4+ δ(x=0.10) における電子・スピン状態”, 平成 25 年度応用物理学会東北支部学術講演会, 山形大学, 山形市, 12 月
(2013)
徳田真, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 橋本直, 山崎敏光, Ma Yue(J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC K1.8BR ビームラインにおける液体 3He 標的への K-ビーム照射実験(1)", 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知大学, 高知, 9 月(2013)
中野岳仁, 花澤宏文, 松浦直人, 廣田和馬, 末廣龍一, 渡邊
功雄, Alex Amato, Francis L. Pratt,福田直起, 瀬戸誠,
小林康浩, 依田芳卓, 野末泰夫:“Antiferromagnetic ordering of s-electrons confined inregular nanospace of sodalite studied by neutron
diffraction, μ SR and synchrotron-radiation-based
Mossbauer spectroscopy”, JAEA Synchrotron Radiation
Research Symposium "Magnetism in Quantum Beam
Science", SPring-8 Harima Science Garden Sity、兵庫
県, 3 月(2013 年)
中野岳仁, Gayan Prasad Hettiarachchi, 石井康之, 渡邊功雄, 野末泰夫: “ゼオライト LSX 中の Na-K 合金クラス
ターが示すフェリ磁性の He による圧力効果” , 日本物理学会大 69 回年次大会, 東海大学湘南キャンパス, 神奈川県, 3 月(2014)
野崎洋, 原田雅史, 太田慎吾, 渡邊功雄, 三宅康博, 池戸豊,
Niina H Jalarvo, Eugene Mamontov,杉山純: “ミュオンと中性子による固体電解質中の Li イオン拡散”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 徳島大学, 徳島県徳島市, 9 月(2013)
橋本直, 板橋健太, 岩崎雅彦, 應田治彦, 岡田信二, 大西宏明, 佐藤将春, 佐久間史典, 徳田真, 山崎敏光, Ma Yue(J-PARC E15 実験): "J-PARC K1.8BR ビームラインにおける液体 3He 標的への K-ビーム照射実験(2)", 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知大学, 高知, 9 月(2013)
廣井政彦, 渡邊功雄, 川崎郁斗, 鈴木栄男, 伊藤昌和, 重田
出: “ホイスラー化合物 Ru2-xFexCrSi の磁気転移”, 日本
物理学会第６８回年次大会, 広島大学, 広島県東広島市, 3
月(2013 年)
真中浩貴, 川崎郁斗, 渡邊功雄: “歪んだ三角スピンチューブ
α-KCrF4 のμSR 測定”,日本物理学会第６８回年次大会,
広島大学, 広島県東広島市, 3 月(2013)
向和彦, 青木良文, Daniel Andreica, Alex Amato, 渡邊功雄,
Sean R.Giblin, 杉山純: “化学量論組成 LiCoO2 におけるスピン揺らぎ”, 東工大, 東京都目黒区大岡山, 9 月(2013)渡邊功雄:“理研 RAL ミュオン施設における高圧物性実験条件の開発
および最近のμSR” 第５回 Muon 科学と加速器研究,
KEK、茨城県つくば市, 1 月（2013）
渡邊功雄, 石井康之, F.L. Pratt, 加藤礼三：”Introduction of
the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility and Applications ofMuons to Organic Molecules”, 2014 Collaborative
Conference
3D
and
Materials
Researchs(CC3DMR2013), 韓国済州島, 6 月(2013)
渡邊功雄 “Applications of a DC Muon Source to the
Muon to Material Science”, RISP scientific Seminar,
RISP, 太田市, 韓国 1 月(2014)
渡邊功雄: “Applications of Pulsed Muon Beam to Material
Science at the RIKEN-RAL
Muon Facility”,
NTNU Science Seminar, NTNU, Trondheim, ノルウェー, 1 月(2014)
渡邊功雄: “μSR から見たパイロクロア酸化物 Yb2Ti2O7 のスピンダイナミクス”, 三機関連携による量子複雑現象研
究会, 理研、埼玉県和光市, 1 月(2014)
渡邉功雄：”Applications of the Pulsed Muon Beam at the
RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility”, 3rd Workshop forLight/Quantum Beam Science Promotion, Tohoku
University New insight into materials and life sciencesusing light/quantum beams (III) ---Introduction ofoverseas facilities and cooperation with Tohoku
University--- 宮城県仙台市, 東北大学金研, 3 月(2014)
Aina Adam, Budi Adiperdana, Edi Suprayoga, Saidah
Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin, Ainul Fauzeeha Rozlan, Shukri
Slaiman, Mohamad Ismail Mohamed-Ibraham, Hanjie
Guo, 谷田博司, 世良正文, 西岡孝, 松村政博, 渡邊功雄:“Ce(Ru,Rh)2Al10 におけるミュオン位置計算と磁気モーメ
ント構造および超微細場に関する考察”, 日本物理学会大69 回年次大会, 東海大学湘南キャンパス, 神奈川県, 3 月(2014)
Budi Adiperdana, Irwan Ary Dharmawa, Shukri
Sulaiman, M.I. Mohamad Ismail, Hanjie Guo,松平和之,
分島 亮 , 日夏幸雄, 川崎郁斗 , 渡邊功雄: “Muon Site
Determination on Nd2Ir2O7 Using Dipole Field andab-initio Calculation”, 日本物理学会第６８回年次大会,
広島大学、広島県東広島市, 3 月(2013 年)
Budi Adiperdana, Edi Suprayoga, Aina Adam, Irwan A.
Dharmawan, Rustam Siregr, Saidah Sakinah
Mohd-Tajudin, Ainul Fauzeeha Rozlan, Shukri Slaiman,- 453 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Mohamad Ismail Mohamed-Ibraham, 川股隆行, 足立匡,小 池 洋 二 , Pabitra Kumar, Alex Amato, 渡 邊 功 雄 :“La2CuO4 におけるミュオン位置計算およびミュオンから見た Cu モーメントの状態”, 日本物理学会大 69 回年次大会, 東海大学湘南キャンパス, 神奈川県, 3 月(2014)
Hanjie Guo, 松平和之, 川崎郁斗, 分島 亮, 日夏幸雄, 渡邊
功 雄 : “Muon Spin Relaxation Study on Pyrochlore
Iridate Nd2Ir2O7”, 日本物理学会第６８回年次大会, 広島
大学, 広島県東広島市, 3 月(2013 年)
Edi Suprayoga, Budi Adiperdana, Aina Adam, Saidah
Sakinah Mohd-Tajudin, Ainul Fauzeeha Rozlan, Shukri
Slaiman, Mohamad Ismail Mohamed-Ibraham, Hanjie
Guo, 谷田博司, 世良正文, 西岡孝, 松村政博, Agung A.
Nugroho, 渡邊功雄: “Study on the Hyperfine Fields
and
Muon
Site
Calculationin
CeRu2Al10
Kondo-Semiconductor”, 日本物理学会大 69 回年次大会,
東海大学湘南キャンパス, 神奈川県, 3 月(2014)
劉鐘昇, 和氣剛, 田畑吉計, 弓削是貴, 渡邊功雄, 中村裕之:“層状化合物 Cr2GaN の SDW 転移”, 日本物理学会第６８回年次大会, 広島大学、広島県東広島市, 3 月(2013 年)- 454 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RBRC Theory group
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Albacete JL, Dumitru A , Marquet C: ”THE INITIALSTATE OF HEAVY ION COLLISIONS”, International
Journal of Modern Physics A Volume 28 Issue 11 Article
1340010, 2013/04/30 *Berger J, Stasto, AM: ”Exclusive vector meson production
and small-x evolution”, Journal of High Energy Physics
Issues 1, Article 001, 2013/01 *Bezrukov F, Karananas GK, Rubio J, Shaposhnikov M:”Higgs-dilaton cosmology: An eﬀective ﬁeld theory approach”, Physical Review D, Volume 87 Issue 9 Article
096001 2013/05/01 *Bezrukov F, Gorbunov, D: ”Light inﬂaton after LHC8and WMAP9 results”, Journal of High enerrgy Physics
Issue 7 Article 140, 2013/07 *Bezrukov F, Kartavtsev, A; Lindner, M: ”Leptogenesis inmodels with keV sterile neutrino dark matter”, Journalof Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics Volume 40
Issue 9 Article 095202, 2013/09/01 *Bicudo P, Pisarski, R; Seel, E: ”Matrix model for deconﬁnement in a SU(2) gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions”,
Physical Review D Volume 88, Issues 3, Article 034007,
2013/08/06 *Bzdak A, Teaney D: ”Longitudinal ﬂuctuations of theﬁreball density in heavy-ion collisions”, Physical Review
C Volume 87 Issue 2, 2013/02/15 *Bzdak A, Skokov, V: ”Anisotropy of Photon Production:
Initial Eccentricity or Magnetic Field” , Physical Review
Letters, Volume110 Issue 19 2013/05/08 *Bzdak A, Schenke, B; Tribedy, P; Venugopalan, R:”Initial-state geometry and the role of hydrodynamics
in proton-proton, proton-nucleus, and deuteron-nucleus
collisions”, Physical Review C Volume 87 Issue 6 Article
064906, 2013/06/20 *Bzdak A, Skokov. V: ”Average transverse momentumof hadrons in proton-nucleus collisions in the wounded
nucleon model”, Physics Letters B Volume 726, Pages
408-411, 2013/10/07 *Bzdak A, Skokov, V: ”Decisive Test of Color Coherence inProton-Nucleus Collisions at the LHC”, Physical Review
Letters Volume 111 Issue 18 Article 182301 Pages 1-5,
2013/10/28 *Chiu M, Hemmick TK, Khachatryan V, Leonidov A, Liao
JF , McLerran L: ”Production of photons and dileptons
in the Glasma”, Nuclear Physics A Volume 900 Page
16-37, 2013/02/05 *Dominguez F, Marquet, C, Stasto, AM ,Xiao, BM: ”Universality of multiparticle production in QCD at high energies”, Physical Review D Volume 87 Issue 3 Article
034007, 2013/02/04 *Dumitru A, : ”Review of Recent Developments in the- 455 -

CGC”, Nuclear Physics A Volume 904 Page 51C-58C,
2013/05/02 *Dumitru A, Nara Y,Petreska E: ”Magnetic ﬂux loop in
high-energy heavy-ion collisions”, Physical Review D
Volume 88 Issue 5 Article 054016, 2013/09/17 *Dumitru A, Hirotsugu, F, Nara Y: ”Magnetic screening
in high-energy heavy-ion collisions”, Physical Review D
Volume 88 Issue 3 Article 031503, 2013/08/21 *Dumitru A, Yun Guo, Chris P. Korthals Altes: ”Two-loop
perturbative corrections to the thermal eﬀective potential”, Physical Review D 89, 016009, 2014/01/08 *Fukushima K, Kouji Kashiwa: ”Polyakov loop and QCD
thermodynamics from the gluon and ghost propagators”, Physics Letter B Volume 723, Issue 4-5, pp 360,
2013/06/25 *Gursoy U, Lin, S; Shuryak, E: ”Instabilities near the QCD
phase transition in the holographic models”, PhysicalReview D Volume 88 Issue 10 Article 105021 Page 111, 2013/11/19 *Hell T, Kouji Kashiwa, Wolfram Weise:”Impact ofVector-Current Interactions on the QCD Phase Diagram”, Journal of Modern Physics Volume 4, pp 644650, 2013/05 *Huang XG, Liao, JF: ”Axial Current Generation from
Electric Field: Chiral Electric Separation Eﬀect” , Physical Review Letters, Volume 110 Issue 23 Article 232302
2013/06/06 *Kashiwa K, Misumi T: ”Phase structure and Hosotani
mechanism in gauge theories with compact dimensions
revisited”, Journal of High Energy Physics Issue 5 Article 042, 2013/05/01 *Kashiwa K, Robert D. Pisarski: ”Roberge-Weiss transition and ’t Hooft loops”, Physical Review D 87, 096009,
2013/05/14 *Kashiwa K, Akihiko Monnai: ”Quark contribution for
center domain in heavy ion collisions”, Phys. Rev. D
Vol. 89, 011501(R), 2014/01/07 *Kiminad A Mamo, Ho-Ung Yee: ”Spin polarized photons
and dileptons from axially charged plasma”, PhysicalReview D 88, 114029 (2013), 2013/12/26 *Kouno H, Misumi, T; Kashiwa, K; Makiyama T; Sasaki T;
Yahiro, M: ”Diﬀerences and similarities between fundamental and adjoint matters in SU(N) gauge theories”,
Physical Review D Volume 88 Issue 1 Article 016002,
2013/07/01 *Lin S, Erdmenger, J; Hoyos, C: ”Evolution of singularities
in unequal time correlator in thermalization of quark
gluon plasma”, Nuclear Physics A Volume 904 Pages
977C-980C, 2013/05/02 *Lin S, Yee Ho Ung: ”Out-of-equilibrium chiral magnetic
eﬀect at strong coupling”, Physical Review D ”Volume
88 Issue 2 Article 025030” 2013/07/18 *Lin S, Pisarski, R; Skokov, V: ”Zero interface tensions at
the deconﬁning phase transition for a matrix model of aSU(inﬁnity) gauge theory”, Physical Review D Volume

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)87 Issue 10 Pages 105002, 2013/05/15 *McLerran L, Praszalowicz, Michael, Schenke, Bjorn:”Transverse momentum of protons, pions and kaons inhigh multiplicity pp and pA collisions:Evidence for thecolor glass condensate?”, Nuclear Physics A, 916, 210218 2013/10/23 *Pisarski R, Kashiwa K, Skokov V: ”Quasi-particle and matrix models of the semi Quark Gluon Plasma”, Nuclear
Physics A ”Volume 904 Page 973C-976C”, 2013/05/02*
Shi SZ, Liao, JF: ”Conserved charge ﬂuctuations and susceptibilities in strongly interacting matter”, JOURNAL
OF HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS Issue 6 Article 104,
2013/07/18 *Smith D, Dumitru, A; Pisarski, R; von Smekal, L: ”Eﬀective potential for SU(2) Polyakov loops and Wilson loop
eigenvalues”, Physical Review D No. 88 Issue 8 Article
054020 page1 to14, 2013/09/20 *Stasto A, Xiao, BW; Zaslavsky, D: ”Drell-Yan LeptonPair-Jet Correlation in pA Collisions”, Nuclear Physics
A Volume 904 Pages 837C-840C, 2013/05/02 *Stasto A, David Zaslavsky, Bo-Wen Xiao: ”Towards theTest of Saturation Physics Beyond Leading Logarithm”,
Physical Review Letters 112, 012302 (2014), 2014/01/08*
Stasto A.M., Cruz-Santiago, C.A.: ”Recursion in rlations
and scattering amplitudes in the light-front formalism”,
Nuclear Physics B No 875, P368-387, 2013/10/13 *Stephanov M, Yee, HU: ”Charged elliptic ﬂow at zerocharge asymmetry”, Physical Review C Volume 88 Issue
1 014908 Pages 1-5, 2013/07/29 *Yee H, : ”Flows and polarization of early photons withmagnetic ﬁeld at strong coupling”, Physical Review D
Volume 88 Issue 2 Article 026001, 2013/07/01 *Yee Ho Ung, :”Recent Theoretical Developments inStrongly Coupled QCD”, Nuclear Physics A Volume
904 Pages 310C-317C, 2013/05/02 *Zhang XL, Liao.
JF:”Event-by-event azimuthal
anisotropy of jet quenching in relativistic heavy ion collisions”, Physical Review C Volume 87 Issue 4 Article
044910, 2013/04/26 *[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
McLerran, L, ”The Color Glass Condensate, Glasma and
the Quark Gluon Plasma in the Context of Recent pPb
Results from LHC”, Journal of Physics Conference Series Volume 458 Article Number 012024, 2013
McLerran, L, ”High energy nuclear physics: from bear
mountain to the LHC”, 100 Years of Subatomic Physics
Page 171-197, 2013
Liao, JF, ”Hard Probe of Soft Matter Geometry and Fluctuations from RHIC to LHC”, AIP Conference Series
11th Conference on the Intersections of Particle and Nuclear Physics Volume 1560 Pages 669-671, 2013

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Koji Kashiwa, ”Phase structure and Hosotani mechanism
in QCD-like gauge theory with compact dimensions”,
31th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory(Lattice 2013) (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz),
Mainz, 2013/08/02
Koji Kashiwa, ”Phase diagram and Hosotani mechanism
in QCD-like theory with compact dimensions”, Workshop on QCD under extreme condition (AEC, Univ.
Bern), Bern, 2013/08/07
Akihiko Monnai, ”Pre-equilibrium dynamics of QCD matter by gluon splitting”, New Frontiers in QCD 2013
(YITP), YITP, Kyoto, Japan, 2013/12/13- 456 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RBRC Computing group
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
N. H. Christ, T. Izubuchi, C. T. Sachrajda, A. Soni, J. Yu,”Long distance contribution to the KL-KS mass diﬀerence” arXiv:1212.5931 [hep-lat], Phys.Rev. D88 (2013)
1, 014508*.
RBC and UKQCD Collaborations (R. Arthur et al.),”Domain Wall QCD with Near-Physical Pions”,
arXiv:1208.4412 [hep-lat], Phys.Rev.
D87 (2013)
094514*.
Thomas Blum, Taku Izubuchi, Eigo Shintani, ”New classof variance-reduction techniques using lattice symmetries”, arXiv:1208.4349 [hep-lat], Phys.Rev. D88 (2013)
9, 094503*.
Aoki S, Ting-Wai Chiu, Guido Cossu, Xu Feng, Hidenori Fukaya, Shoji Hashimoto, Tung-Han Hsieh, Takashi
Kaneko, Hideo Matsufuru, Jun-Ichi Noaki, Tetsuya
Onogi, Eigo Shintani, Kouhei Takeda: ”Simulation ofquantum chromodynamics on the lattice with exactly
chiral lattice fermions”, Prog Theor Exp Phys 01A106
3 pages*
Lin M, Ohta, S: ”Nucleon structure from 2+1-ﬂavor
dynamical DWF lattice QCD at nearly physical pionmass”, Progess in Particle and Nuclear Physics Volume
67 Issue 2 Pages 218-222, 2012/04/01 *Tiburzi B, : ”Chiral symmetry restoration from a boundary”, Physical Review D Volume 88 Issue 3 Article
034027 Page 1-8, 2013/08/23 *Tiburzi B, Vayl, SO: ”Method to extract charged hadronproperties from lattice QCD in magnetic ﬁelds”, Physical Review D Volume 87, Issues 5, Article 054507,
2013/03/25 *T. Appelquist et al. (LSD Collaboration): ”Latticecalculation of composite dark matter form factors”,
arXiv:1301.1693, Phys. Rev. D 88:014502, 2013 *.
Joachim Kopp, Ethan T. Neil, Reinard Primulando, andJure Zupan: ”From gamma ray line signals of dark matter to the LHC” arXiv:1301.1683, Phys. Dark. Univ.
2:22- 34, 2013 *.
A. Bazavov et al.
(Fermilab Lattice/MILC Collaborations): ”Kaon semileptonic vector form factor
and determination of |Vu s| using staggered fermions”,
arXiv:1212.4993, Phys. Rev. D 87:073012, 2013, *.
Matthew R. Buckley and Ethan T. Neil: ”Thermal
Dark Matter from a Conﬁning Sector”, arXiv:1209.6054,
Phys. Rev. D 87:043510, 2013 *.
T. Appelquist et al. (LSD Collaboration): ”Two-Color
Theory with Novel Infrared Behavior”, arXiv:1311.4889,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 112 (2014), 111601 *.
A. Bazavov et al. (Fermilab Lattice/MILC Collaborations): ”Determination of —Vus— from a lattice-QCD
calculation of the K → πlν semileptonic form factor

with physical quark masses”, arXiv:1312.1228, Phys.
Rev. Lett.112 (2014), 112001 *.
Michael I. Buchoﬀ, Michael Cheng, Norman H. Christ,
H. -T. Ding, Chulwoo Jung, F. Karsch, Zhongjie Lin,R.D. Mawhinney et al..: ”QCD chiral transition, U(1)Asymmetry and the dirac spectrum using domain wall
fermions”, arXiv:1309.4149 [hep-lat], Phys.Rev. D89(2014) 5, 054514*.
RBC and UKQCD Collaborations (P.A. Boyle et al.):”Emerging understanding of the ∆I = 1/2 Rule from
Lattice QCD” arXiv:1212.1474 [hep-lat], Phys.Rev.Lett.
110 (2013) 15, 152001*.
Qi Liu, Norman H. Christ, Chulwoo Jung: ”Light
Quark Mass Reweighting”, arXiv:1206.0080 [hep-lat],Phys.Rev. D87 (2013) 5, 054503*.
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Izubuchi, T: “Nucleon Structure by Lattice QCD”,
PHENIX Workshop on Physics Prospects with Detector and Accelerator Upgrades RIKEN, Wako, Japan,
2013/07/29.
Izubuchi, T: “Lattice QCD and the HEP Intensity Frontier”, Lattice QCD Computational Science Workshop,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, TN, 2013/04/29.
Izubuchi, T: “Nucleon electric dipole moment studies using
statistical error reduction techniques on lattice”, Seminar
at MIT Lattice Club, MIT, MA, 2013/04/03.
Izubuchi, T: “Nucleon electric dipole moment studies using
statistical error reduction techniques on lattice”, Seminar at Theoretical Elementary Particle Physics group,
Syracuse University, NY, 2013/03.
Izubuchi, T: “Lattice-QCD Calculations for EDMs”, Winter Workshop on Electric Dipole Moments (EDMs13),
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, IL, 2013/02.
Izubuchi, T: “Muon g − 2 on Lattice”, HET/RIKEN lunch
Seminar, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY,
2013/9.
Ishikawa, Tomomi: ”Neutral B meson mixing with static
heavy and domain-wall light quarks”, 31st International
Symposium on Lattice Field Theory (LATTICE 2013)
Mainz, Germany, 2013/7/29-2013/8/3.
Tiburzi, B: ”Towards exploring fundamental symmetries
with lattice QCD”, Institute for Nuclear Theory Program 13-2b “Nuclei and Fundamental Symmetries”,
Seattle Washington, 2013/08/14.
Tiburzi, B: ”Chiral symmetry restoration from a boundary”, Nuclear Theory seminar, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, California, 2013/03/07.
Tiburzi, B: ”Anatomy of hadronic parity violation on thelattice”, Theory seminar, Thomas Jeﬀerson National
Laboratory, Newport News Virginia, 2013/02/01.
Tiburzi, B: ”Looking under the femtoscope: a focus onstrong interactions”, Physics Department Colloquium,
The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg Vir-- 457 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

ginia, 2013/01/31.
Neil Ethan: ”Composite Bosonic Dark Matter”, RIKEN
Lunch Seminar, Brookhaven National Laboratory,
Brookhaven, NY, 2013/12.
Neil Ethan: ”Two Tales of Composite Dark Matter”,
RIKEN Nuclear Theory Seminar, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Brookhaven, NY, 2013/4.
Neil Ethan: ”Two Tales of Composite Dark Matter”, Nuclear and Particle Theory Seminar, MIT, Cambridge,
MA, 2013/2.
Neil Ethan: ”Lattice ﬁeld theory: QCD and beyond”,
Invited presentation, APS Four Corners Section 2013
Meeting, University of Denver, 2013/10.
Neil Ethan: ”Splitting the Higgs boson: Composite models
at the high-energy frontier” Physics Colloquium, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, 2013/3.
Meifeng Lin: ”Nucleon Form Factors with 2+1 Flavorsof Domain Wall Fermions and All-Mode-Averaging”,
31th International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory(Lattice 2013) (Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz),
Mainz, 2013/08/01.
Kelly, C: ”Standard Model Direct CP-violation in K¿pi pi Decays from First Principles using Lattice
QCD”, RBRC Scientiﬁc Review Committee Meeting,
Brookhaven National Laboratory, 2013/11/01.
Syritsyn Sergey: ” Neutron-Antineutron Oscillation Matrix Elements on a Lattice”, ”Lattice Meets Experiment: Beyond the Standard Model”, Brookhaven National
Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA, 2013/12/5-6.
Syritsyn Sergey: 2. Nucleon Structure and Quark AngularMomentum from Lattice QCD at the Physical Point,theory seminar in ITEP, Moscow, Russia, Sep 5, 2013.
Syritsyn Sergey: ”Review of Hadron Structure Calculations on a Lattice”, plenary presentation at LATTICE
2013, Mainz Germany, 2013/7/29-8/3.
Syritsyn Sergey: ”Generalized form factors and decomposition of nucleon spin from lattice QCD”, APS TopicalGroup on Hadronic Physics meeting, Denver,Colorado,
USA, 2013/04/11.
Syritsyn Sergey: ”Nucleon Structure from Lattice QCD at
the Physical Point”, APS April meeting, Denver, Colorado, 2013/4/13-16.
Conference Proceedings
Eigo Shintani, Hyung-Jin Kim, Thomas Blum, Taku
Izubuch: ”Vacuum polarization function in Nf = 2 + 1
domain-wall fermion”, PoS LATTICE2013 (2014) 487 .
T. Blum, M. Hayakawa, T. Izubuch: ”Update on the
hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon g − 2
and inclusion of dynamically charged sea quarks”, PoS
LATTICE2013 (2014) 439 .
RBC and UKQCD Collaborations (T. Blum et al.), :”Weak Decay Measurements from 2+1 ﬂavor DWF Ensembles”, PoS LATTICE2013 (2014) 404 .
Eigo Shintani,
Thomas Blum, Amarjit Soni, Taku

- 458 -

Izubuch: ”Neutron and proton EDM with Nf = 2 + 1
domain-wall fermion”, PoS LATTICE2013 (2014) 298 .
Hyung-Jin Kim, T. Izubuch: ”Möbius domain wall
fermion method on QUDA”, PoS LATTICE2013 (2014)033 .
RBC and UKQCD Collaborations (Norman Christ et al.),: ”Calculating the KL − KS mass diﬀerence and ϵK to
sub-percent accuracy”, arXiv:1402.2577 [hep-lat] , PoS
LATTICE2013 (2014) 397 .
Tomomi Ishikawa,
Yasumichi Aoki, Taku Izubuchi,
Christoph Lehner, Amarjit Son: ”Neutral B meson mixing with static heavy and domain-wall light quarks”,
arXiv:1312.1010 [hep-lat] , PoS LATTICE2013 (2014)410 .
Shane Drury, Thomas Blum, Masashi Hayakawa, Taku
Izubuchi, Chris Sachrajda, Ran Zho: ”Non-degenerate
light quark masses from 2+1f lattice QCD+QED”,
arXiv:1312.0477 [hep-lat] , PoS LATTICE2013 (2014)
268 .
T. Blum, M. Hayakawa, T. Izubuch: ”Hadronic corrections to the muon anomalous magnetic moment fromlattice QCD”, arXiv:1301.2607 [hep-lat] , PoS LATTICE2012 (2012) 022 .
Tiburzi, B: ”Boundary restoration of chiral symmetry”,
Proceedings of Science (Lattice 2013), Article 113, 2013.
Y. Liu et al. (Fermilab Lattice/MILC Collaborations):”Heavy-meson semilep- tonic decays for the Standard
Model and beyond”, Proceedings of Science (LATTICE
2013).
A. Bazavov et al. (Fermilab Lattice/MILC Collaborations): ”Charmed and strange pseudoscalar meson decay constants from HISQ simulations”, Proceedings of
Science (LATTICE 2013).
E. Gamiz et al. (Fermilab Lattice/MILC Collaborations):”K semileptonic form factor with HISQ fermions at
the physical point”, Proceedings of Science (LATTICE
2013).
T. Blum, R. S. Van de Water, D. Holmgren, R. Brower, S.
Catterall, N. Christ, A. Kronfeld, J. Kuti, P. Mackenzie, E. T. Neil, S. R. Sharpe, R. Sugar, ”Report of the
Snowmass 2013 Computing Frontier working group on
Lattice Field Theory – Lattice ﬁeld theory for the energy
and intensity frontiers: Scientiﬁc goals and computing
needs”, Proceedings of the Community Summer Study”Snowmass 2013”.
T. Appelquist, R. Brower, S. Catterall, G. Fleming, J.
Giedt, A. Hasenfratz, J. Kuti, E. Neil, D. Schaich,”Lattice Gauge Theories at the Energy Frontier”, Proceedings of the Community Summer Study ”Snowmass2013”.
Meifeng Lin:, ”Nucleon Form Factors with 2+1 Flavors of
Domain Wall Fermions and All-Mode-Averaging”, Proceedings of Science (LATTICE2013) 275 (2013).
J.M. Flynn, P. Fritzsch,T. Kawanai, C. Lehner, C.T.
Sachrajda, B. Samways, R.S. Van de Water, O. Witzel:

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)”The B ∗ Bπ coupling with relativistic heavy quarks”,
PoS LATTICE2013 (2014) 408.
Kelly, C: ”Progress Towards an ab Initio, Standard
Model Calculation of Direct CP-Violation in K decay”,
PoS(LATTICE 2013)401.
Kelly, C: ”Weak Decay Measurements from 2+1 ﬂavor
DWF Ensembles”, PoS(LATTICE 2013)404.
Kelly, C: ”Progress Towards an ab initio, Standard
Model Calculation of Direct CP-Violation in K-decays”,
arXiv:1310.0434 [hep-lat] (Note, this is a diﬀerent article with the same name, as the above; these are for the
DPF2013 conference).
RBC-UKQCD Collaboration (Julien Frison et al.): ”TheKaon Bag Parameter at Physical Mass” arXiv:1312.2374[hep-lat], PoS LATTICE2013 (2014) 460.
T. Janowski, C.T. Sachrajda, P.A. Boyle, N.H. Christ,
R.D. Mawhinney, H. Yin, D. Zhang, N. Garron et al..:,“Determination of the A2 amplitude of K → ππ decays”,
arXiv:1311.3844 [hep-lat], PoS LATTICE2013 (2014)402.

- 459 -

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RBRC Experimental group
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Event
Structure and Double Helicity Asymmetry in in Jet Pro√
duction from Polarized p+p Collisions at s = 200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 84, 012006, 2011-07-28 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Suppression of away-side jet fragments with respect to the reac√tion plane in Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”,
Phys. Rev. C 84, 024904, 2011-08-09 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Cold Nuclear Matter Eﬀects on J/psi Yields as a Function of
Rapidity and Nuclear Geometry in Deuteron-Gold Col√lisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,142301, 2011-09-27 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Production of omega mesons in p+p, d+Au, Cu+Cu and√
Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C
84, 044902, 2011-10-08 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Heavy
Quark Production in p+p and Energy Loss and Flow√of Heavy Quarks in Au+Au Collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 84, 044905, 2011-10-10 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Suppression of back-to-back hadron pairs at forward rapidity in√
d+Au Collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett.
107, 172301, 2011-10-18 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”J/psisuppression at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 84, 054912, 2011-1121 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Measurements of Higher-Order Flow Harmonics in Au+Au Col√lisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107,252301, 2011-12-15 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Identiﬁed√
charged hadron spectra in p+p collisions at s = 200
and 62.4 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 83, 064903, 2011/06/23*
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Groundand excited charmonium state production in p+p col√lisions at s=200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 85, 092004,
2012-05-09 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Deviationfrom quark-number scaling of the anisotropy parameterv2 of pions, kaons, and protons in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 85, 064914, 201206-27 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”NuclearModiﬁcation Factor for Open-Heavy-Flavor Production√
at Forward Rapidity in Cu+Cu Collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 86, 024909, 2012-08-20 *- 460 -

Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Observation of direct-photon collective ﬂow in Au+Au collisions√
at sN N =200GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 122302,
2012-09-19 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Evolution√of pi 0 suppression in Au+Au collisions from sN N =39 to 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 152301, 201210-12 *Afanasiev S, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Measurement of Direct Photons in Au+Au Collisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 109, 152302,
2012-10-12 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Direct√
Photon Production in p+p Collisions at s=200 GeV
in Mid-rapidity”, Phys. Rev. D 86, 072008, 2012-10-23*
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Cross Sections and Double Helicity Asymmetries of Mid-Rapidity√
Inclusive Charged Hadrons in p+p at s = 62.4 GeV”,
Phys. Rev. D 86, 092006, 2012-11-08 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”J/psisuppression at forward rapidity in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N =39 and 62.4 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 86, 064901,
2012-12-06 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Coldnuclear-matter eﬀcts on heavy-quark production in√
d+Au collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett.
109, 242301, 2012-12-12 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Double
Spin Asymmetry of Electrons from Heavy Flavor Decays√
in p+p Collisions at s=200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 87,
012011, 2013-01-29 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Transverse-Momentum Dependence of the J/psi√
Nuclear Modiﬁcation in d+Au Collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034904, 2013-03-14 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Neutralpion production with respect to centrality and reaction√
plane in Au+Au collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys.
Rev. C 87, 034911, 2013-03-28 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Upsilon(1S+2S+3S) production in d+Au and p+p collisions at√
sN N =200 GeV and cold-nuclear matter eﬀects”, Phys.
Rev. C 87, 044909, 2013-04-25 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Direct√
photon production in d+Au collisions at sN N =200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 054907, 2013-05-17 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Medium
modiﬁcation of jet fragmentation in Au+Aucollisions at√
sN N = 200 GeV measured in direct photon-hadroncorrelations”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 32301, 2013-07-16*
Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Inclusive
cross section and single transverse spin asymmetry forvery forward neutron production in polarized p+p col-1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

lision at sqrts = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 88, 032006,
2013-08-08 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Spectra
and ratios of identiﬁed particles in Au+Au and d+Au√
collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
024906, 2013-08-22 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Nuclear
modiﬁcation of ψ ′ , χ′c and J/psi production in d+Au√
collisions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111,202301, 2013-11-12 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration):”Quadrupole Anisotropy in Dihadron Azimuthal√
Correlations in Central d+Au Collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 212301, 2013-11-20 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Azimuthal
anisotropy of π 0 and eta mesons in Au+Au collisions at√
sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 064910, 2013-1220 *Adare A, et al. (the PHENIX Collaboration): ”Heavyﬂavor electron-muon correlations in p+p and d+Au col√lisions at s = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 89, C034915,
2014/03/31 *Sanghwa P, for the PHENIX collaboration: ”W Physics
Result of PHENIX”, Proceedings of Science PoS (DIS2013) 209, 2013
Goto Y, PHENIX Collaboration: ”PHENIX detector upgrades for enhanced physics programs”, Proceedings of
Science PoS (DIS 2013) 249, 2013
Goto Y, PHENIX Collaboration: ”Inclusive Cross Sectionand Single Transverse-Spin Asymmetry of Very Forward
Neutron Production at PHENIX”, Physics of Particles
and Nuclei Volume 45, Issue 1, pp 79-81, 2014/01
Ikeda S, Romanelli Mark, Cingquegrani David, Sekine
Megumi, Kumaki Masafumi, Fuwa Yasuhiro, Munemoto
Naoya, Kanesue Takeshi, Jin Qianyu, Okamura
Masahiro, Horioka Kazuhiko:”Creation of cocktail
beam from alloy target with Laser”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments Vol. 85, p 02B913, 2013/11/12 *Fuwa Y, S.Ikeda, M.Okamura, et al.: ”Interaction of plasmas in laser ion source with double laser system”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, 02B916, 2013/12/31*
Fuwa Y, S.Ikeda, M.Okamura, et al.: ”Comparison ofgraphite materials for targets of laser ion source”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, 02B924, 2014/01/24*
Ikeda S, Romanelli Mark, Cingquegrani David, Sekine
Megumi, Kumaki Masafumi, Fuwa Yasuhiro, Kanesue
Takeshi, Okamura Masahiro, Horioka Kazuhiko: ”Investigation of eﬀect of solenoid magnet on emittances ofion beam from laser ablation plasma”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, 02B919, 2014/01/24 *Sekine M, S.Ikeda, M.Okamura, et al.: ”Multiple Species
Beam Production on Laser Ion Source for electron beam
ion source in Brookhaven National Laboratory”, review- 461 -of scientiﬁc instruments 85, 02B920, 2014/02 *Kumaki M, Y. Fuwa, M. Okamura, et al.:”Analysesof the plasma generated by laser irradiation on sputtered target for determination of the thickness used forplasma generation”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments
85, 02B925, 2014/02/24 *2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radioactive Isotope Physics Laboratory
Publications[Journal](Original Papers)*Subject to Peer Review
Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P.,
Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go S.,
Honma M., Lee J., Matsui K., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H.,
Shiga Y., Söderström P.-A., Sumikama T., Suzuki H.,
Taniuchi R., Utsuno Y., Valiente-Dobon J. J., Yoneda
K.: “Evidence for a new nuclear ‘magic number’ from thelevel structure of 54Ca”, Nature. 502, 207-210 (2013).
Doornenbal P., Scheit H., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Li K.,
Matsushita M., Steppenbeck D., Wang H., Baba H.,
Crawford H., Hoffman C. R., Hughes R., Ideguchi E.,
Kobayashi N., Kondo Y., Lee J., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Sakurai H., Takechi M., Togano Y.,
Winkler R., Yoneda K.: “In-Beam γ-Ray Spectroscopy of
34,36,38Mg:
Merging the N=20 and N=28 Shell
Quenching”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 212502 (2013).
Watanabe H., Lorusso G., Nishimura S., Xu Z. Y.,
Sumikama T., Söderström P.-A., Doornenbal P., BrowneF., Gey G., Jung H. S., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Wu J.,
Yagi A., Baba H., Benzoni G., Chae K. Y., Crespi F. C.
L., Fukuda N., Gernhaeuser R., Inabe N., Isobe T.,
Jungclaus A., Kameda D., Kim G. D., Kim Y. K.,
Kojouharov I., Kondev F. G., Kubo T., Kurz N., Kwon Y.
K., Lane G. J., Li Z., Moon C. -B., Montaner-Piza A.,
Moschner K., Naqvi F., Niikura M., Nishibata H.,
Nishimura D., Odahara A., Orlandi R., Patel Z.,
Podolyak Zs., Sakurai H., Schaffner H., Simpson G. S.,
Steiger K., Suzuki H., Takeda H., Wendt A., Yoshinaga
K.: “Isomers in 128Pd and 126Pd: Evidence for a Robust
Shell Closure at the Neutron Magic Number 82 in
Exotic Palladium Isotopes”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111,
152501 (2013).
Söderström P.-A., Nishimura S., Doornenbal P., Lorusso
G., Sumikama T., Watanabe H., Xu Z. Y., Baba H.,
Browne F., Go S., Gey G., Isobe T., Jung H.:“Installation and commissioning of EURICA –Euroball-RIKEN Cluster Array”, Nucl. Instrum. andMeth. Res. Set. B 317, 649 – 652 (2013).
Steiger K., Nishimura S., Li Z., Chen R., Faestermann T.,
Gernhäuser
R.,
Hinke
C.,
KrückenR.,
Kurata-Nishimura M., Lorusso G., Miyashita Y.,
Sugimoto K., Sumikama T., Watanabe H., Yoshinaga
K.: “Half-lives of neutron-rich nuclei around 35,36Mg”,
Proceedings of Science Bormio 32 (2013).
Kobayashi T., Chiga N., Isobe T., Kondo Y., Kubo T.,
Kusaka K., Motobayashi T., Nakamura T., Ohnishi J.,
Okuno H., Otsu H., Sako T., Sato H., Shimizu Y.,
Sekiguchi K., Takahashi K., Tanaka R., Yoneda
K.:“SAMURAI spectrometer for RI beam experiments”,
Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317 (2013) 294-304.
Suzuki H., Aoi N., Takeshita E., Takeuchi S., Ota S., Baba
H., Bishop S., Fukui T., Hashimoto Y., Ideguchi E.,

Ieki K., Imai N., Ishihara M., Iwasaki H., Kanno S.,
Kondo Y., Kubo T., Kurita K., Kusaka K., Minemura T.,
Motobayashi T., Nakabayashi T., Nakamura T., Nakao
T., Niikura M., Okumura T., Ohnishi T. K., Ong H. J.,
Sakurai H., Shimoura S., Sugo R., Suzuki D., Suzuki
M. K., Tamaki M., Tanaka K., Togano Y., Yamada K.:“Collectivity of neutron-rich Ti isotopes”, Phys. Rev. C88,
024326 (2013).
Söderström P.-A., Lorusso G., Watanabe H., Nishimura S.,
Doornenbal P., Thiamova G., Browne F., Gey G., Jung
H. S., Sumikama T., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Wu J., Xu Z.
Y., Baba H., Benzoni G., Chae K. Y., Crespi F. C. L.,
Fukuda N., Gernhaeuser R., Inabe N., Isobe T.,
Jungclaus A., Kameda D., Kim G. D., Kim Y. -K.,
Kojouharov I., Kondev F. G., Kubo T., Kurz N., Kwon Y.
K., Lane G. J., Li Z., Montaner-Piza A., Moschner K.,
Naqvi F., Niikura M., Nishibata H., Odahara A.,
Orlandi R., Patel Z., Podolyak Zs., Sakurai H.,
Schaffner H., Simpson G. S., Steiger K., Suzuki H.,
Takeda H., Wendt A., Yagi A., Yoshinaga K.: “Shapeevolution in 116,118Ru: Triaxiality and transition between
the O(6) and U(5) dynamical symmetries”, Phys. Rev. C
88, 024301 (2013).
Leguillon R., Nishibata H., Ito Y., Petrache C. M.,
Odahara A., Shimoda T., Hamatani N., Tajiri K.,
Takatsu J., Yokoyama R., Ideguchi E., Watanabe H.,
Wakabayashi Y., Yoshinaga K., Suzuki T., Nishimura
S., Beaumel D., Lehaut G., Guinet D., Desesquelles P.,
Curien D., Astier A., Konstantinopoulos T., andZerrouki T., “Spectroscopy of 135La”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
044309 (2013).
Ueno H., Miyatake H., Yamamoto Y., Tanimoto S.,
Shimoda T., Aoi N., Asahi K., Ideguchi E., Ishihara M.,
Izumi H., Kishida T., Kubo T., Mitsuoka S., Mizoi Y.,
Notani M., Ogawa H., Ozawa A., Sasaki M., ShirakuraT., Takahashi N., Yoneda K.: “β-delayed neutron and
γ-ray spectroscopy of 17C utilizing spin-polarized 18B”,
Phys. Rev. C 87, 034316 (2013).
Sato H., Kubo T., Yano Y., Kusaka K., Ohnishi J., Yoneda
K., Shimizu Y., Motobayashi T., Otsu H., Isobe T.,
Kobayashi T., Sekiguchi K.,
Nakamura
T.:“Superconducting Dipole Magnet for SAMURAI
Spectrometer”, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond, 23 (2013)
4500308.
Furukawa T., Wakui T., Yang X., Fujita T., Imamura K.,
Yamaguchi Y., Tetsuka H., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H.,
Ebara Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S.,
Hatakeyama A., Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi
T., Nishimura S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K.,
Kubono S., Ohshiro Y., Ueno H., Shinozuka T.,
Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Novel nuclear laser
spectroscopy method using superfluid helium formeasurement of spins and moments of exotic nuclei”,
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 590-594(2013).

- 462 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Wang H., Aoi N., Takeuchi S., Matsushita M., Doornenbal
P., Motobayashi T., Steppenbeck D., Yoneda K., Baba
H., Caceres L., Dombradi Zs., Kobayashi K., Kondo Y.,
Lee J., Li K., Liu H., Minakata R., Nishimura D., Otsu
H., Sakaguchi S., Sakurai H., Scheit H., Sohler D., Sun
Y., Tian Z., Tanaka R., Togano Y., Vajta Zs., Yang Z.,
Yamamoto T., Ye Y., Yokoyama R.: “Collectivity
evolution in the neutron-rich Pd isotopes toward the
N=82 shell closure”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 054318 (2013).
Audirac L., Obertelli A., Doornenbal P., Mancusi D.,
Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Baba H., Boissinot S., Boudard A.,
Corsi A., Gillibert A., Isobe T., Jungclaus A., Lapoux V.,
Lee J., Leray S., Matsui K., Matsushita M.,
Motobayashi T., Nishimura D., Ota S., Pollacco E. C.,
Potel G., Sakurai H., Santamaria C., Shiga Y.,
Sohler D., Steppenbeck D., Taniuchi R., Wang H.:“Evaporation-costdependence
inheavy-ionfragmentation”, Phys. Rev. C88, 041602 (2013).
Jin S. J., Wang Y. B., Su J., Yan S. Q., Li Y. J., Guo B., Li
Z. H., Zeng S., Lian G., Bai X. X., Liu W. P., Yamaguchi
H., Kubono S., Hu J., Kahl D., Jung, H.: “Resonant
scattering of 22Na +p studied by the thick-target
inverse-kinematic method”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 035801(2013).
Lu F., Lee J., Tsang M. B., Bazin D., Coupland D., Henzl
V., Henzlova D., Kilburn M., Lynch W. G., Rogers A. M.,
Sanetullaev A., Sun Z. Y., Youngs M., Charity R. J.,
Sobotka L. G., Famiano M., Hudan S., Horoi M., Ye Y.
L.: “Neutron-hole states in 45Ar from 1H(46Ar, d) 45Ar
reactions”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 017604 (2013).
Muto H., Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Oyaizu
M., Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kase M., Hattori T.,
Shimoura S.: “Grating monochromator for electron
cyclotron resonance ion source operation”,
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84, 073304 (2013).
Wang He, Aoi N., Takeuchi S., Matsushita M.,
Doornenbal P., Motobayashi T., Steppenbeck D.,
Yoneda K., Kobayashi K., Lee J., Liu H., Kondo Y.,
Yokoyama R., Sakurai H., Ye Y.,:
“Observation of New Isotope 131Ag via the Two-Step
Fragmentation Technique”,
Chin. Phys. Lett.30-4, 042501 (2013)
Matsuda Y., Sakaguchi H., Takeda H., Terashima S.,
Zenihiro J., Kobayashi T., Murakami T., Iwao Y.,
Ichihara T., Suda T., Ohnishi T., Watanabe Y., Otsu H.,
Yoneda K., Satou Y., Ozeki K., Kanazawa M.: “Elastic
scattering of protons from 9C with a 290 MeV/nucleon
9C beam”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034614 (2013).
Adare A., Afanasiev S., Aidala C., Ajitanand N. N., Akiba
Y., Akimoto R., Al-Ta'ani H., Alexander J., Andrews K.
R., Angerami A., Aoki K., Apadula N., Appelt E.,
Aramaki Y., Armendariz R., Aschenauer E. C., Awes T.
C., Azmoun B., Babintsev V., Bai M., Bannier B., Barish
K. N., Bassalleck B., Basye A. T., Bathe S., Baublis V.,
Baumann C., Bazilevsky A., Belmont R., Ben-BenjaminJ., Bennett R., Berdnikov A., Berdnikov Y., Blau D. S.,
Bok J. S., Boyle K., Brooks M. L., Broxmeyer D.,- 463 -

Buesching H., Bumazhnov V., Bunce G., Butsyk S.,
Campbell S., Castera P., Chen C-H, Chi C. Y., Chiu M.,
Choi I. J., Choi J. B., Choudhury R. K., Christiansen P.,
Chujo T., Chvala O., Cianciolo V., Citron Z., Cole B. A.,
del Valle Z. Conesa, Connors M., Csanad M., Csoergo T.,
Dairaku S., Datta A., David G., Dayananda M. K.,
Denisov A., Deshpande A., Desmond E. J.,
Dharmawardane K. V., Dietzsch O., Dion A., DonadelliM., Drapier O., Drees A., Drees K. A., Durham J. M.,
Durum A., D'Orazio L., Efremenko Y. V., Engelmore,T.,
Enokizono A., En'yo H., Esumi S., Fadem B., Fields D.
E., Finger M., Finger M. Jr., Fleuret F., Fokin S. L.,
Frantz J. E., Franz A., Frawley A. D., Fukao Y.,
Fusayasu T., Garishvili I., Glenn A., Gong X., Gonin M.,
Goto Y., de Cassagnac R. Granier, GrauN., Greene S. V.,
Perdekamp M. G., Gunji T., Guo L., Gustafsson H-A,
Haggerty J. S., Hahn K. I., Hamagaki H., Hamblen J.,
Han R., Hanks J., Harper C., Hashimoto K., Haslum E.,
Hayano R., He X., Hemmick T. K., Hester T., Hill J. C.,
Hollis R. S., Holzmann W., Homma K., Hong B.,
Horaguchi T., Hori Y., Hornback D., Huang S., IchiharaT., Ichimiya R., Iinuma H., Ikeda Y., Imai K., Inaba M.,
Iordanova A., Isenhower D., Ishihara M., Issah M.,
Isupov A., Ivanischev D., Iwanaga Y., Jacak B. V., Jia J.,
Jiang X., John D., Johnson B. M., Jones T., Joo K. S.,
Jouan D., Kamin J., Kaneti S., Kang B. H., Kang J. H.,
Kang J. S., Kapustinsky J., Karatsu K., Kasai M.,
Kawall D., Kazantsev A. V., Kempel T., Khanzadeev A.,
Kijima K. M., Kim B. I., Kim D. J., Kim E-J, Kim Y-J,
Kim Y. K., Kinney E., Kiss A., Kistenev E., Kleinjan D.,
Kline P., Kochenda L., Komkov B., Konno M., Koster J.,
Kotov D., Kral A., Kunde G. J., Kurita K., Kurosawa M.,
Kwon Y., Kyle G. S., Lacey R., Lai Y. S., Lajoie J. G.,
Lebedev A., Lee D. M., Lee J., Lee K. B., Lee K. S., Lee S.
H., Lee S. R., Leitch M. J., Leite M. A. L., Li X., Lim S.
H., Levy L. A. Linden, Litvinenko A., Liu H., Liu M. X.,
Love B., Lynch D., Maguire C. F., Makdisi Y. I.,
Malakhov A., Manion A., Manko V. I., Mannel E., Mao
Y., Masui H., McCumber M., McGaughey P. L.,
McGlinchey D., McKinney C., Means N., Mendoza M.,
Meredith B., Miake Y., Mibe T., Mignerey A. C., Miki K.,
Milov A., Mitchell J. T., Miyachi Y., Mohanty A. K.,
Moon H. J., Morino Y., Morreale A., Morrison D. P.,
Motschwiller S., Moukhanova T. V., Murakami T.,
Murata J., Nagamiya S., Nagle J. L., Naglis M., Nagy M.
I., Nakagawa I., Nakamiya Y., Nakamura K. R.,
Nakamura T., Nakano K., Newby J., Nguyen M.,
Nihashi M., Nouicer R., Nyanin A. S., Oakley C.,
O'Brien E., Ogilvie C. A., Oka M., Okada K., Oskarsson
A., Ouchida M., Ozawa K., Pak R., Pantuev V.,
Papavassiliou V., Park B. H., Park I. H., Park S. K.,
Pate S. F., Pei H., Peng J-C, Pereira H., Peresedov V.,
Peressounko D. Yu, Petti R., Pinkenburg C., Pisani R.
P., Proissl M., Purschke M. L., Qu H., Rak J.,
Ravinovich I., Read K. F., Reygers K., Riabov V., Riabov
Y., Richardson E., Roach D., Roche G., Rolnick S. D.,
Rosati M., Rosendahl S. S. E., Rukoyatkin P.,

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Sahlmueller B., Saito N., Sakaguchi T., Samsonov V.,
Sano S., Sarsour M., Sato T., Savastio M., Sawada S.,
Sedgwick K., Seidl R., Seto R., Sharma D., Shein I.,
Shibata T-A, Shigaki K., Shim H. H., Shimomura M.,
Shoji K., Shukla P., Sickles A., Silva C. L., Silvermyr D.,
Silvestre C., Sim K. S., Singh B. K., Singh C. P., SinghV., Slunecka M., Sodre T., Soltz R. A., Sondheim W. E.,
Sorensen S. P., Sourikova I. V., Stankus P. W.,
Stenlund E., Stoll S. P., Sugitate T., Sukhanov A., Sun
J., Sziklai J., Takagui E. M., Takahara, A., Taketani A.,
Tanabe R., Tanaka Y., Taneja S., Tanida K.,
Tannenbaum M. J., Tarafdar S., Taranenko A., Tennant
E., Themann H., Thomas D., Togawa M., Tomasek L.,
Tomasek M., Torii H., Towell R. S., Tserruya I.,
Tsuchimoto Y., Utsunomiya K., Vale C., van Hecke H.
W., Vazquez-Zambrano E., Veicht A., Velkovska J.,
Vertesi R., Virius M., Vossen A., Vrba V., Vznuzdaev E.,
Wang X. R., Watanabe D., Watanabe K., Watanabe Y.,
Watanabe Y. S., Wei F., Wei R., Wessels J., White S. N.,
Winter D., Woody C. L., Wright R. M., Wysocki M.,
Yamaguchi Y. L., Yang R., Yanovich A., Ying J.,
Yokkaichi S., Yoo J. S., You Z., Young G. R., Younus I.,
Yushmanov I. E., Zajc W. A., Zelenski A., Zhou S.,
Zolin L.: “Double-spin asymmetry of electrons fromheavy-flavor decays in p plus p collisions at root s=200
GeV”, Phys. Rev. D 87, 012011 (2013).
Michimasa S., Takaki M., Sasamoto Y., Dozono M., Nishi
T., Kawabata T., Ota S., Baba H., Baba T., Fujii T., Go
S., Kawase S., Kikuchi Y., Kisamori K., Kobayashi M.,
Kubota Y., Lee C. S., Matsubara H., Miki K., Miya H.,
Noji S., Tokieda H., Tsumura M., Yako K., Yokoyama R.,
Takeda H., Yanagisawa Y., Kubo T., Inabe N., FukudaN., Kameda D., Suzuki H., Shimizu Y., Sato H.,
Ichihara T., Stolz A., Zegers R. G. T., Sakai H., Uesaka
T., Shimoura S.:“SHARAQ spectrometer for high-resolution studies for
RI-induced reactions”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res., Sect. B 317 305-310 (2013).
Yang X. F., Furukawa T., Wakui T., Imamura K., Tetsuka
H., Fujita T., Yamaguchi Y., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura S.,
Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Ueno H.,
Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.:“Control of stopping position of radioactive ion beam insuperfluid helium for laser spectroscopy experiments”,
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 317 599-602(2013).
Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Nakao T., Wakabayashi Y.,
Kubono S., Hashimoto T., Hayakawa S., Kawabata T.,
Iwasa N., Teranishi T., Kwon Y. K., Binh D. N., Khiem
L. H., Duy N. N.: “Recent developments and research
projects at the low-energy RI beam facility CRIB”,
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res., Sect. B 317
664-667(2013).

Shimizu Y., Otsu H., Kobayashi T., Kubo T., Motobayashi
T., Sato H., Yoneda K.: “Vacuum system for the
SAMURAI spectrometer”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317(2013) 739-742.
Nakai Y., Nakano Y., Ikeda T., Kanai Y., Kambara T.,
Fukunishi N., Kondo C., Azuma T., Komaki K.,
Yamazaki Y.: “Stark effect in resonant coherent
excitation of 2s electron of Li-like Fe23+ ions channelingin a Si crystal”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth. B 315, 94(2013).
Shane R., McIntosh A. B., Barney J., Chajecki Z., Estee J.,
Famiano M., Isobe T., Jhang G., Lu F., Lynch W. G.,
Murakami T., Nakatsuka N., Powell W., Sakurai H.,
Taketani A., Tangwancharoen S., Tsang M.B.,
Yennello S. J., : “Constraining the nuclear symmetryenergy at high density”, Abs.Pap.Acs. 246 (2013).
Nakano Y., Hatakeyama A., Nakai Y., Komaki K., Takada
E., Murakami T., Azuma T., “Effects of fine structure
depolarization studied by resonant coherent excitationof H-like Ar17+”, Phys. Scr. T156 014061 (2013).
Chen R. J., Otsu H., Lapoux V., Boissinot S., Baba H.,
Matta A., Kurata-Nishimura M., Pollacco E.,
Blumenfeld Y., Flavigny F., Franchoo S., Fukuda N.,
Gangnant P., Hammache F., Houarner C., Inabe N.,
Kameda D., Libin J. F., Louchart C., Matsushita M.,
Motobayashi T., Nalpas L., Nikolskii E. Y., Obertelli A.,
Onishi T., Rindel E., Rosier P., Sakurai H., Saillant F.,
Takechi M., Takeuchi S., Togano Y., Yoneda K., YoshidaA., Yoshida K.: “Proton Elastic Scattering of 23,25F”,
Few-Body Syst.54 1405-1407 (2013).
Kobayashi N., Nakamura T., Kondo Y., Aoi N., Baba H.,
Deguchi S., Fukuda N., Lee G. S., Lee H. S., Inabe N.,
Ishihara M., Kawada Y., Kanungo R., Kubo T., Famiano
M. A., Matsushita M., Motobayashi T., Ohnishi T., Orr
N. A., Otsu H., Barthelemy R., Sakurai H., Kim S., Sako
T., Sumikama T., Satou Y., Takahashi K., Takeda H.,
Takechi M., Takeuchi S., Tanaka K. N., Tanaka N.,
Tanaka R., Togano Y., Yoneda K.: “Breakup Reactionsof Drip-Line Nuclei Near N=20, 28”,
Few-Body Syst.54 1441-1444 (2013).
Ito M., Otsu H.: “Studies of Light Neutron-Excess
Systems from Bounds to Continuum”,
Few-Body Syst.54 1461-1464 (2013).
Tshoo K., Satou Y., Bhang H., Choi S., Nakamura T.,
Deguchi S., Kawada Y., Kondo Y., Kobayashi N.,
Nakayama Y., Tanaka K. N., Tanaka N., Aoi N.,
Ishihara M., Motobayashi T., Otsu Sakurai H.: H.,
Takeuchi S., Togano Y., Yoneda K., Li Z. H., DelaunayF., Gibelin J., Marques F. M., Orr N. A., Honda T.,
Matsushita M., Kobayashi T., Miyashita Y., SumikamaT., Yoshinaga K., Shimoura S., Sohler D., Zheng T., Cao
Z. X.: “The N=16 Spherical Shell Closure in 24O”,
Few-Body Syst.54 459-463 (2013).
Satou Y., Tshoo K., Bhang H., Choi S., Hwang J. W.,
Nakamura T., Kondo Y., Nakayama Y., Kobayashi N.,
Tanaka K. N., Deguchi S., Kawada Y., Tanaka N.,
Motobayashi T., Sakurai H., Otsu H., Aoi N., Takeuchi- 464 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

S., Yoneda K., Togano Y., Ishihara M., Shimoura S.,
Kobayashi T., Matsushita M., Honda T., Sumikama T.,
Miyashita Y., Yoshinaga K., Orr N. A., Marques F. M.,
Gibelin J., Delaunay F., Sohler D., Zheng T., Li Z. H.,
Cao Z. X.: “Invariant Mass Spectroscopy of 23O via the (p,p') Reaction in Inverse Kinematics”, Few-Body Syst. 54
287-290 (2013).
Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Wakabayashi Y. , Kubono S.,
Hashimoto T., Hayakawa S., Kawabata T., Iwasa N.,
Teranishi T., Kwon Y. K., Binh D.N.,, Khiem L.H., Duy
N.N.: “α-resonance structure in 11C studied via resonant
scattering of 7Be+α and with the 7Be(α,p) reaction”,
Phys. Rev. C 87 034303-12 (2013).
Duy N.N., Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Wakabayashi
Y., Teranishi T., Iwasa N.,Kwon Y.K., Khiem L.H., Kim
Y.H., Song J.S., Hu J., Ayyad Y.:“Low-energy radioactive ion beam production of 22Mg”,
Nucl. Instr. Meth. A723 99 (2013)
Guo B., Su J., Li Z. H., Wang Y. B., Yan S. Q., Li Y. J., Shu
N.C., Han Y.L., Bai X.X., Chen Y.S., Liu W. P.,
Yamaguchi H., Binh D.N., Hashimoto T., Hayakawa S.,
Kahl D., Kubono S., He J.J.,
Hu J., Xu S. W., Iwasa N., Kume N., Li Z.H.:“Determination of the astrophysical 12N(p,γ)13O reaction
rate from the 2H(12N,13O)n reaction and its
astrophysical implications”, Phys. Rev. C87 015803-7(2013)
Muto H., Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Oyaizu M.,
Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kase M., Hattori T.,
Shimoura S.: “Grating monochromator for electron
cyclotron resonance ion source operation”,
Rev. Sci. Instrum. 84 (2013) 073304
He J. J., Zhang L. Y., Parikh A., Xu S. W., Yamaguchi H.,
Kahl D., Kubono S., Hu J., Ma P. , Chen S. Z. ,Wakabayashi Y. , Sun B. H. , Wang H. W., Tian W. D.,
Chen R. F., Guo B., Hashimoto T., Togano Y., Hayakawa
S., Taranishi T., Iwasa N., Yamada T., Komatsubara T.:“The 18Ne(α,p)21Na breakout reaction in x-ray bursts:
Experimental determination of spin-parities for α
resonances in 22Mg via resonant elastic scattering of
21Na+p”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 012801(R) (2013)
Jin S. J., Wang Y. B., Su J., Yan S. Q., Li Y. J., Guo B., Li Z.
H., Zeng S., Lian G., Bai X. X., Liu W. P. , Yamaguchi H.,
Kubono S., Hu J., Kahl D., Jung H. S., Moon J. Y., Lee C.
S., Teranishi T., Wang H. W., Ishiyama H., Iwasa N.,
Komatsubara T., Brown B. A.: “Resonant scattering of
22Na +p studied by the thick-target inverse-kinematic
method”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 035801 (2013)
Furukawa T., Wakui T. , Yang X., Fujita T., Imamura K.,
Yamaguchi Y., Tetsuka H., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y. , Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T. , Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura S.,
Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Kubono S., OhshiroY., Ueno H., Shinozuka T. , Shimoda T. , Asahi K.,
Matsuo Y.: “Novel Nuclear Laser Spectroscopy Method
using Superfluid Helium for Measurement of Spin andMoments of Exotic Nuclei”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317(2013) 590 – 594.
Zhang L. Y., He J. J., Parikh A., Xu S. W., Yamaguchi H.,
Kahl D., Kubono S., Mohr P., Hu J., Ma P., Chen S. Z.,
Wakabayashi Y., Wang H. W., Tian W. D., Chen R. F.,
Guo B., Hashimoto T., Togano Y., Hayakawa S.,
Teranishi T., Iwasa N., Yamada T., Komatsubara T.,
Zhang Y. H., Zhou X. H.: “Investigation of thethermonuclear 18Ne(α, p)21Na reaction rate via resonant
elastic scattering of 21Na + p ”, Phys. Rev. C 89 (2014)
015804 (13).
Xu Z. Y., Nishimura S., Lorusso G., Browne F., Doornenbal
P., Gey G., Jung H.-S., Li Z., Niikura M., Söderström
P.-A., Sumikama T., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Watanabe H.,
Wu J., Yagi A., Yoshinaga K., Baba H., Franchoo S.,
Isobe T., John P. R., Kojouharov I., Kubono S., Kurz N.,
Matea I., Matsui K., Mengoni D., Morfouace P., Napoli
D. R., Naqvi F., Nishibata H., Odahara A., Şahin E.,
Sakurai H., Schaffner H., Stefan I. G., Suzuki D.,
Taniuchi R., Werner V.: “β-Decay Half-Lives of 76,77Co,
79,80Ni, and 81Cu: Experimental Indication of a Doubly
Magic 78Ni”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 032505-5
Muto H., Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Oyaizu M.,
Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kase M., Hattori T.,
Shimoura S.: “Plasma spectroscopy of metal ions for
hyper-electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Rev. Sci.
Instrum. 85 (2014) 02A905
Komatsubara T., Kubono S., Hayakawa T., Shizuma T.,
Ozawa A., Ito Y., Ishibashi Y., Moriguchi T., Yamaguchi
H., Kahl D., Hayakawa S., Binh D. N., Chen A. A., ChenJ., Setoodehnia K., and Kajino T.:“Excited states above the proton threshold in 26Si”,
Eur. Phys. J. A 50 (2014) 136
Hu J., He J. J., Parikh A., Xu S. W., Yamaguchi H., Kahl
D., Ma P., Su J., Wang H. W., Nakao T., Wakabayashi Y.,
Teranishi T., Hahn K. I., Moon J. Y., Jung H. S.,
Hashimoto T., Chen A. A., Irvine D., Lee C. S., Kubono
S.: “Examination of the role of the 14O(α, p)17F reaction
rate in type-I x-ray bursts”, Pys. Rev. C 90 (2014)
025803 – 7Mcneice E., Setoodehnia K., Singh B., Abe Y., Binh D.N.,
Chen A.A., Chen J., Cherubini S., Fukuoka S.,
Hashimoto T., Hayakawa T., Ishibashi Y., Ito Y., Kahl D.,
Komatsubara T., Kubono S., Moriguchi T., Nagae D.,
Nishikiori R., Niwa T., Ozawa A., Shizuma T., Suzuki
H., Yamaguchi H., Yuasa T.: “In-beam γ-ray
Spectroscopy of 30P via the 28Si(3He,pγ)30P Reaction”,
Nucl. Data Sheets, 120 (2014) 88 -90.
Jung H. S., Lee C. S., Kwon Y. K., Moon J. Y., Lee J. H.,
Yun C. C., Kim M. J., Hashimoto T., Yamaguchi H.,
Kahl D., Kubono S., Wakabayashi Y., Togano Y., Choi
Seonho, Kim Y. H., Kim Y. K., Park J. S., Kim E. J.,
Moon C.-B., Teranishi T., Iwasa N., Yamada T., Kato S.,
Cherubini S., Hayakawa S., Rapisarda G. G.:“Elastic scattering of 25Al + p to explore the resonancestructure in 26Si ”, Phys. Rev. C 90 (2014) 035805 – 8
Yang Xiaofei, Furukawa T., Wakui T., Fujita T., Imamura- 465 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

K., Mitsuya Y., Hayasaka M., Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y.,
Shirai H., Suzuki T., Ebara Y., Hatakeyama A., Wada
M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura S.,
Kurata-Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K.-I., Kubono
S., Ohshiro Y., Ueno H., Shinozuka T., Shimoda T.,
Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Laser-RF Double Resonance
Spectroscopy of 84-87Rb Isotopes Trapped in Superfluid
Helium ”, Phys. Rev. A (2014) 052516Kurata-Nishimura M., Yokoyama R., Kisamori K., Otsu
H., and Kondo Y.: “Technical knowledge about cooling of
CRYPTA for liquid helium”, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 46
165 (2013).
[Book · Proceedings](Original Papers)*Subject to Peer Review
Nakano Y., Hatakeyama A., Nakai Y., Komaki K., Takada
E., Murakami T., Azuma T.: “X-ray and Auger electron
study of highly charged ions using resonant coherent
excitation”, NIFS Proceedings, 91, 87 (2013)
Russotto P., Isobe T. et al., “The ASY-EOS experiment at
GSI: investigating the symmetry energy at
supra-saturation densities”, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 420,
012092 (2013)
Lorusso G., et al.: “β-decay spectroscopy at RIBF: The
EURICA project”,
Proceedings of the Origin of Matter and Evolution of
Galaxies International Symposium (OMEG12)
Lorusso G., et al.: “β-decay spectroscopy of neutron richnuclei at RIBF”, Proceedings of the International
African Symposium on Exotic Nuclei (IASEN-2013)
Watanabe H., et al.: “Recent results of decay spectroscopy
at RIBF”, Proceedings EPJ Web Conf. 63, 01001 (2013)
櫻井 博儀：“元素はどうしてできたのか－誕生・合成から「魔法数」まで－ ” PHP Science World074 株式会社 PHP 研究所（2013 年 12 月 2 日第一版第一刷発行）
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Nishimura S.: “Decay spectroscopy of very neutron-richnuclei at RIBF”, 10th ASRC International Workshop“Nuclear Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei”, JAEA,
Japan March 21-22 (2013).
Nishimura S.: “Decay spectroscopy of very neutron-richnuclei at RIBF”, 25th International Nuclear Physics
Conference (INPC2013), Firenze, Italy, June 2-7 (2013).
Nishimura S.: “Decay spectroscopy of exotic nuclei at
RIBF”, Symposium Nuclear Structure Physics with
Advanced Gamma-Detector Arrays (NSP13), Padva,
Italy, June 10-12 (2013).
Nishimura S.: “Neutron-rich nuclei lifetimes for r-process”,
Seventh European Summer School on Experimental
Astrophysics, Santa Tela, Italy, Sep. 15-27 (2013).
Nishimura S.: “Decay Spectroscopy”, The 1st RIBF-RISP
Workshop, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Nov. 06-07 (2013).
Akiyoshi H., Yamashita Y., Kadowaki M., Sekiguchi K.,

Nakai Y., Imamura Y., Motizuki Y.:“A CCM experiment on the effects of solar proton
events on HNO3 and O3 in the polar middle and lower
atmosphere” Japan Geoscience Union Meeting 2013,
Chiba, May 19-24 (2013).
Motizuki Y., Sekiguchi K., Nakai Y., Akiyoshi H.,
Imamura T.: “Influence of a giant solar energetic
particle event on atmospheric chemistry”, Japan
Geoscience Union Meeting 2013, Chiba, May 19-24(2013).
Fujita S., Hori A., Motizuki Y., Takahashi K., Nakai Y.,
Kawamura K., Motoyama H.: “Densification of layered
firm of the ice sheet in the vicinity of Dome Fuji,
Antarctica”, The Fourth Symposium on Polar Science,
Tokyo, Japan, Nov 12-15 (2013).
Sakurai H.: “Recent results at RIBF” Invited talk at
XLI International Workshop on Gross Properties of
Nuclei and Nuclear Excitations, Hirschegg (Austria),
Jan. 26 - Feb. 1, 2013.
Sakurai H.: “Emergence of Exotic Nuclei” Invited talk at
GSI Kolloquium, Darmstadt (Germany),
Feb. 5, 2013.
Sakurai H.: “Nuclear data produced at the RIBF”, Invited
talk at New Energy Forum 2013, Xi'an, China,
Sept., 2013.
Sakurai H.: “Overview of RIBF” Invited talk at 1st
RIBF-RISP Joint Workshop, Daejeon, Korea, Nov., 2013.
Sakurai H.: “The RIKEN RI Beam Factory –Its Scientific
Programs–”, Invited talk at 17th International
Conference on Accelerators and Beam Utilization(ICABU 2013), Daejeon, Korea, Nov. (2013).
Sakurai H.: “Present Status of RIBF”, Invited talk at
JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Joint Workshop, Wako, Japan,
Dec., 2013.
Kubono S.:“Low-Energy RI Beams and Nuclear Clusters
in Explosive Burning - RI beam methods and pp-chain
breakout -”, Invited talk at VI European Summer Schoolon Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics, September
15-27, 2013, Santa Tecla, Italy, (To be published).
Kubono S.：“Low-Energy Reactions in Astrophysics”
Invited talk at An inauguration symposium for Center
for Nuclear Astrophysics (CNA),
Shanghai Jiao Tong University in Shanghai, China. May
29-31, 2013.
Kubono S.：“Experimental Approach to Astrophysical
Nuclear Reactions”, Invited talk at International
workshop on Nuclear Sciences with High-intensity
Lasers, Osaka University. February 3, 2014.
Isobe T.: “ANAROOT: new online/offline framework for
RIBF data analysis based on ROOT”, RIBF Users
meeting, RIKEN, Wako, June (2013)
Isobe T.: “H(R)IC experiment at RIBF”, RIBF-ULIC-miniWorkshop:
Nuclearsymmetry-energy
andnucleus-nucleus collision simulation, RIKEN, Wako,
July (2013)
Isobe T.: “Nuclear Physics at RIBF”, 3rd RIKEN-Liverpool
Symposium, Univ. of Liverpool, Liverpool UK, July

- 466 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(2013)
Isobe T.: “SAMURAI: large acceptance spectrometer forexperimental RI physics at RIKEN-RIBF”, Nuclear
Physics seminar, Univ. of Liverpool, Liverpool UK, July
(2013)
Isobe T.: “Status of SPiRIT for heavy ion collisionexperiment”, SAMURAI international workshop, Tokyo
institute of Technology, Tokyo, September (2013)
Isobe T.: “SAMURAI-TPC with GET system for next
generation HIC experiments”, French – Japanese LIA
Symposium, Paris, September (2013)
Doornenbal P.: “In-Beam Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy at the
RIBF” Invited talk at the 1st RISP-RIBF Workshop,
Daejon, Korea, November 7-8, 2013
Otsu H.: “SAMURAI Spectometer”, The 1st RISP-RIBF
Workshop, Daejon, Korea, November 7-8, 2013.
Doornenbal P.: “Status of the EURICA Project”, Invited
talk at the 3rd EGAN Workshop, Liverpool, UK, June
24-26, 2013
Doornenbal P.: “In-Beam Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy at the
RIBF”, Invited talk at Nuclear Structure Physics with
Advanced Gamma-Detector Arrays (NSP13), Padova,
Italy, June 10-12, 2013
Doornenbal P.: “In-beam gamma-ray spectroscopy at the
RIBF - Present limitations and future perspectives(SHOGUN)”, Invited talk at the IFJ PAN - RIKENJSPS Collaboration Workshop, Zakopane, Poland, Mar
20- 21, 2013
Lorusso G.: “Spectroscopy of N = 82 nuclei and thephysical conditions of the r-process”, The first
International African Symposium on Exotic Nuclei
IASEN 2013, Cape Town, South Africa, December 2-6,
2013
Lorusso G.: “Decay Spectroscopy of exotic nuclei at
RIBF—The EURICA project”, The 12th International
Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of
Galaxies, Tsukuba, Japan, November 18-21,2013
Lorusso G.: “Spectroscopy of N = 82 nuclei and thephysical conditions of the r-process”, XXXIII Mazurian
Lakes Conference on Physics Frontiers in Nuclear
Physics, Piaski, Poland, September 1-7, 2013
WatanabeH.:“Shape-phasetransitions
invery
neutron-rich nuclei from 40Zr to 46Pd”, The 7thInternational Symposium on Chiral Symmetry in
Hadrons and Nuclei, October 27-30, 2013, Beihang
University, Beijing, China
Watanabe H.: “Recent results of decay spectroscopy at
RIBF”, Heavy Ion Accelerator Symposium on
Fundamental and Applied Science (HIAS2013), April
8-12, 2013, Australian National University, Canberra,
Australia
Wu J.: “Beta-decay of neutron-rich Z~60 nuclei and theorigin of Rare-Earth Elements”, Nuclei in the Cosmos(NIC)-XIII, July 7-11, 2014, Debrecen, Hungary(Domestic Conference)
櫻井博儀: “非対称核物質 EOS への挑戦” (招待講演),
日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会（日本物理学会）, 広島,
3 月(2013)
岸田隆：“リスクの時代と科学”
鳥居薬品外部講師講演会、東京 ( 2013、2 月）
岸田隆：“エネルギー問題 の考え方”
鳥居薬品外部講師講演会、東京（ 2013、9 月）
八 木 彩 祐 未 、 磯 部 忠 昭 et al.: “Report on the recent
EURICA Campaign aiming at β-decay study around78Ni”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会,
広島, 3 月(2013).
田中隆己、磯部忠昭 et al.: “SAMURAI を用いた 14Be の分解反応実験”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会,広島, 3 月(2013).
生越駿、磯部忠昭 et al.: “19B の分解反応”, 日本物理学会第68 回年次大会, 広島, 3 月(2013).
南方亮吾、磯部忠昭 et al.: “22C の分解反応”, 日本物理学会
第 68 回年次大会, 広島, 3 月(2013).
徐正宇、磯部忠昭 et al.: “Report on the recent EURICA
campaign with 238U beam at RIBF, RIKEN”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会, 広島, 3 月(2013).
中塚徳継、磯部忠昭 et al.: “SAMURAI-TPC 用読み出しエレクトロニクスの開発”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会,(日本物理学会), 広島, 3 月(2013).
磯部忠昭: “原子核状態方程式の解明を目指した重イオン衝
突実験への PHITS の利用”, PHITS 研究会, JAEA, 茨城県
東海村, 8 月
Ann-Kathrin Perrevoort et al.: “SPYBOX: External
hardware for GET electronics at SAMURAI-TPC”, 日本
物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
中塚徳継、磯部忠昭 et al.: “Performance eveluation of a
TPC for heavy-ion collision experiment at RIBF”, 日本
物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
大道理恵、磯部忠昭 et al.: “LaBr3 検出器を用いた中性子過剰核の励起状態の寿命測定”, 日本物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会,高知, 9 月(2013).
井手口栄治、磯部忠昭 et al.: “中性子過剰領域 Z〜60 原子核
における K アイソマーの探索”, 日本物理学会平成 25 年秋
季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
田中まな、磯部忠昭 et al.: “中性子過剰 Nd 同位体におけるアイソマー分光”, 日本物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会, 高知,
9 月(2013).
方 一 帆 、 磯 部 忠 昭 et al.: “Study of beta decay ofneutron-rich I isotopes at RIKEN RIBF using a stack of
Si-strip detectors WASA3Bi combined with a cluster-Gearray EURICA”, 日本物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会, 高知,
9 月(2013).
八木彩祐未、磯部忠昭 et al.: “理研 RIBF の EURICA を用いた中性子過剰な Cs 同位体(A≲150)のアイソマーの研究”,
日本物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
横山輪、磯部忠昭 et al.: “過剰変形領域の Pm 同位体における新アイソマーの発見”, 日本物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会,
高知, 9 月(2013).
南方亮吾、磯部忠昭 et al.: “22C の分解反応 II”, 日本物理学会平成 25 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).

- 467 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

磯部忠昭: “RIBF-SPiRIT プロジェクトにおける GET 読み出
し回路の利用”, 新学術領域中性子星の核物質・検出器交流会, JAXA, 東京, 10 月(2013).
磯部忠昭: “原子核衝突中における核子拡散の観測による、対称エネルギー密度依存性の測定”, 新学術領域中性子星の核物質研究会, 理研, 和光, 12 月(2013).
中井陽一,日高宏，渡部直樹，小島隆夫: “イオン打ち込み移動管を用いた水和クラスターイオンの生成実験の現状 3”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会,徳島, 9 月(2013).
大津秀暁“5,%)における長寿命 )3 をビームとした破砕反応実験”第一回長寿命核分裂核廃棄物の核変換データとその戦略ワークショップ埼玉 月  - 468 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)
9Spin Isospin Laboratory
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
C. L. Bai, H. Sagawa, M. Sasano, T. Uesaka, K. Hagino,
H. Q. Zhang, X. Z. Zhang, F. R. Xu “Role of T=0 pairingin Gamow-Teller states in N = Z nuclei”, Physics Letters
B 719, 116 (2013).
E. Khan, N. Paar, D. Vretenar, L. G. Cao, H. Sagawa,G. Colo, “Incompressibility of ﬁnite fermionic systems:
Stable and exotic atomic nuclei”, Physical Review C 87,
064311 (2013).
A. Li, E. Hiyama, X. R. Zhou, and H. Sagawa, “Tensor
correlation, pairing interaction, and deformation in Ne
isotopes and Ne hypernuclei”, Physical Review C 87,
014333 (2013).
A. Li, X. R. Zhou, and H. Sagawa, “Tensor force andshape evolution of Si isotopes in the Skyrme-HartreeFock model”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental
Physics 2013, 063D03 (2013).
Y. A. Litvinov, S. Bishop, K. Blaum, F. Bosch, C. Brandau, L. X. Chen, I. Dillmann, P. Egelhof, H. Geissel,
R. E. Grisenti, S. Hagmann, M. Heil, A. Heinz, N.
Kalantar-Nayestanaki, R. Knobel, C. Kozhuharov, M.
Lestinsky, X. W. Ma, T. Nilsson, F. Nolden, A. Ozawa,R. Raabe, M. W. Reed, R. Reifarth, M. S. Sanjari, D.
Schneider, H. Simon, M. Steck, T. Stohlker, B. H. Sun,
X. L. Tu, T. Uesaka, P. M. Walker, M. Wakasugi, H. Weick, N. Winckler, P. J. Woods, H. S. Xu, T. Yamaguchi,
Y. Yamaguchi, and Y. H. Zhang “Nuclear physics experiments with ion storage rings”, Nuclear Instruments
and Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 317, 603 (2013).
Y. Maeda, T. Saito, H. Miyasako, T. Uesaka, S. Ota, S.
Kawase, T. Kikuchi, H. Tokieda, T. Kawabata, K. Yako,T. Wakasa, S. Sakaguchi, R. Chen, H. Sakaguchi, T.
Shima, T. Suzuki, and A. Tamii “Study of the ThreeNucleon Force Eﬀects in the H-2(p, n) Breakup Reaction
at 170 MeV”, Few-Body Systems 54, 1311 (2013).
H. Matsubara, M. Takaki, T. Uesaka, S. Shimoura, N.
Aoi, M. Dozono, T. Fujii, K. Hatanaka, T. Hashimoto,T. Kawabata, S. Kawase, K. Kisamori, Y. Kikuch, Y.
Kubota, C. S. Lee, H. C. Lee, Y. Maeda, S. Michimasa, K. Miki, H. Miya, S. Noji, S. Ota, S. Sakaguchi,
Y. Sasamoto, T. Suzuki, L. T. Tang, K. Takahisa, H.
Tokieda, A. Tamii, K. Yako, Y. Yasuda, N. Yokota,
R. Yokoyama, and J. Zenihiro, “Spectroscopic Measurement in He-9 and Be-12”, Few-Body Systems 54, 1433
(2013).
Y. Matsuda, H. Sakaguchi, H. Takeda, S. Terashima, J.
Zenihiro, T. Kobayashi, T. Murakami, Y. Iwao, T. Ichihara, T. Suda, T. Ohnishi, Y. Watanabe, H. Otsu, K.
Yoneda, Y. Satou, K. Ozeki, and M. Kanazawa “Elastic
scattering of protons from 9 C with a 290 MeV/nucleon

C beam”, Physical Review C 87, 034614 (2013).
S. Michimasa, M. Takaki, M. Dozono, S. Go, H. Baba,
E. Ideguchi, K. Kisamori, H. Matsubara, H. Miya, S.
Ota, H. Sakai, S. Shimoura, A. Stolz, T. L. Tang, H.
Tokieda, T. Uesaka, and R. G. T. Zegers “Developmentof CVD diamond detector for time-of-ﬂight measurements”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials
and Atoms 317, 710 (2013).
S. Michimasa, M. Takaki, Y. Sasamoto, M. Dozono, T.
Nishi, T. Kawabata, S. Ota, H. Baba, T. Baba, T.
Fujii, S. Go, S. Kawase, Y. Kikuchi, K. Kisamori, M.
Kobayashi, Y. Kubota, C. S. Lee, H. Matsubara, K.
Miki, H. Miya, S. Noji, H. Tokieda, M. Tsumura, K.
Yako, R. Yokoyama, H. Takeda, Y. Yanagisawa, T.
Kubo, N. Inabe, N. Fukuda, D. Kameda, H. Suzuki, Y.
Shimizu, H. Sato, T. Ichihara, A. Stolz, R. G. T. Zegers,
H. Sakai, T. Uesaka, and S. Shimoura “SHARAQ spectrometer for high-resolution studies for RI-induced reactions ”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials andAtoms 317, 305 (2013).
H. Miya, S. Ota, T. Fujii, S. Kawase, Y. Kubota, C. S.
Lee, H. Matsubara, K. Miki, A. Saito, S. Michimasa, T.
Uesaka, H. Sakai, and S. Shimoura “Development of lowpressure multi-wire drift chambers for high-resolution
spectroscopy with radioactive isotope beams”, Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section
B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 317, 701(2013).
D. Nagae, Y. Abe, S. Okada, A. Ozawa, T. Yamaguchi,
H. Suzuki, T. Moriguchi, Y. Ishibashi, S. Fukuoka, R.
Nishikiori, T. Niwa, T. Suzuki, F. Suzaki, K. Sato, H.
Furuki, N. Ichihashi, S. Miyazawa, Y. Yamaguchi, T.
Uesaka, and M. Wakasugi “Time-of-ﬂight detector applied to mass measurements in Rare-RI Ring”, Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section
B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 317, 640(2013).
T. Nishi, G. P. A. Berg, M. Dozono, H. Fujioka, N. Fukuda,
T. Furuno, H. Geissel, R. S. Hayano, N. Inabe, K. Itahashi, S. Itoh, D. Kameda, T. Kubo, H. Matsubara, S.
Michimasa, K. Miki, H. Miya, Y. Murakami, M. Nakamura, N. Nakatsuka, S. Noji, K. Okochi, S. Ota, H.
Suzuki, K. Suzuki, M. Takaki, H. Takeda, Y. K. Tanaka,
K. Todoroki, K. Tsukada, T. Uesaka, Y. N. Watanabe,
H. Weick, H. Yamada, and K. Yoshida “BigRIPS as ahigh resolution spectrometer for pionic atoms”, Nuclear
Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section
B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 317, 290(2013).
H. J. Ong, I. Tanihata, A. Tamii, T. Myo, K. Ogata, M.
Fukuda, K. Hirota, K. Ikeda, D. Ishikawa, T. Kawabata, H. Matsubara, K. Matsuta, M. Mihara, T. Naito,
D. Nishimura, Y. Ogawa, H. Okamura, A. Ozawa,- 469 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

D. Y. Pang, H. Sakaguchi, K. Sekiguchi, T. Suzuki, M.
Taniguchi, M. Takashina, H. Toki, Y. Yasuda, M. Yosoi,
and J. Zenihiro “Probing eﬀect of tensor interactionsin 16 O via (p, d) reaction”, Physics Letters B 725, 277(2013).
X. Roca-Maza, G. Colo, and H. Sagawa “New Skyrmeenergy density functional for a better description of
the Gamow-Teller resonance”, Physica Scripta T154,
014011 (2013).
H. Sagawa, Y. Tanimura, and K. Hagino “Competition
between T=1 and T=0 pairing in pf - shell nuclei with
N = Z”, Physical Review C 87, 034310 (2013).
S. Sakaguchi, Y. Iseri, T. Uesaka, M. Tanifuji, N. Aoi,
E. Hiyama, Y. Ichikawa, S. Ishikawa, K. Itoh, M. Itoh,
H. Iwasaki, T. Kawabata, T. Kawahara, H. Kuboki, Y.
Maeda, T. Nakao, H. Okamura, H. Sakai, Y. Sasamoto,
M. Sasano, Y. Satou, K. Sekiguchi, K. Suda, D. Suzuki,
A. Tamii, T. Wakui, K. Yako, M. Yamaguchi, and Y.
Yamamoto “Analyzing Power in Elastic Scattering of
Polarized Protons from Neutron-rich Helium Isotopes”,
Few-Body Systems 54, 1393 (2013).
S. Sakaguchi, T. Uesaka, T. Kawahara, T. Ogawa, L. Tang,
T. Teranishi, Y. Urata, S. Wada, and T. Wakui “Proton
polarization in photo-excited aromatic molecule at room
temperature enhanced by intense optical source andtemperature control”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions
with Materials and Atoms 317, 679 (2013).
A. P. Severyukhin and H. Sagawa “Tensor correlation effects on Gamow-Teller resonances in Sn-120 and N=80,
82 isotones”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental
Physics 2013, 103D03 (2013).
F. Suzaki, J. Zenihiro, T. Yamaguchi, A. Ozawa, T. Uesaka, M. Wakasugi, K. Yamada, and R. R. C. Yamaguchi, Y. for the Rare RI Ring Collaboration “Design study of a resonant Schottky pick-up for the RareRI Ring project”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods inPhysics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms 317, 636 (2013).
K. Tateishi, M. Negoro, A. Kagawa, and M. Kitagawa “Dynamic Nuclear Polarization with Photoexcited
Triplet Electrons in a Glassy Matrix”, Angewandte
Chemie-International Edition 52, 13307 (2013).
K. Tateishi, M. Negoro, A. Kagawa, T. Uesaka, and M.
Kitagawa “Hyperpolarization of Thin Films with Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using Photoexcited Triplet
Electrons”, Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 82,
084005 (2013).
Y. Yamaguchi, M. Wakasugi, T. Uesaka, A. Ozawa, Y.
Abe, T. Fujinawa, M. Kase, M. Komiyama, T. Kubo,
K. Kumagai, T. Maie, D. Nagae, J. Ohnishi, F. Suzaki,
A. Tokuchi, Y. Watanabe, K. Yoshida, K. Yamada, T.
Yamaguchi, H. Yamasawa, Y. Yanagisawa, J. Zenihiro,
and Y. Yano “Construction of rare-RI ring at RIKEN
RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods

in Physics Research Section B-Beam Interactions with
Materials and Atoms 317, 629 (2013)
J. Yasuda, T. Wakasa, M. Okamoto, M. Dozono, K.
Hatanaka, M. Ichimura, S. Kuroita, Y. Maeda, T. Noro,
Y. Sakemi, M. Sasano, and K. Yako “”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2013, 063D02 (2013).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
T. Uesaka: “Proposal of Joint Research on Mass measurements with storage rings”, RIKEN-CAS IMPJoint workshop, (RIKEN Nishina Center and Institute of Modern
Physics, Chinese Academy of Science), Wako, Japan,
Apr. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “Giant Resonance Studies at RIBF”, Workshop on the INFN-RIKEN collaboration on nuclear
physics activities, (RIKEN and INFN), Tokyo, Japan,
May (2013).
M. Sasano: “Gamow-Teller transitions from 56 Ni and future studies of the (p,n) reaction on unstable nuclei”,
Gordon research conference, (Gordon research conference), Colby-Sawyer College, New London, NH, USA,
Jun. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “Spin-orbit splitting and Tensor Force”, RCNP
Workshop on the Importance of Tensor Interactions in
Nuclear and Hadron structure, (RCNP, Osaka University), Osaka, Japan, July (2013).
J. Zenihiro: “Proton elastic scattering with RI beams”,
3rd International Symposium on Nuclear Symmetry Energy (NuSYM13), (NSCL/FRIB), Michigan, USA, July
(2013).
T. Uesaka: “Quasi-Free Scattering Experiments at RIBF”,
1st JCPRG-RNC Joint Workshop on Nuclear Data,(RIKEN and Hokkaido University), Saitama, Japan,
Aug. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “(p, 2p) Experiments with a Polarized Target
at RIBF”, 2nd International Workshop on Quasi-Free
Scattering with Radioactive Ion Beams (QFS-RB13),(TU Darmstadt and Lisbon University), Terceira, Portugal, Sep. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “RIBF Overview”, 3rd LIA French-Japanese
Nuclear Structure Problems Symposium, (CNRS, CEA,
and RIKEN), Paris, France, Sep. (2013).
J. Zenihiro: “Study of simultaneous extractions of proton and neutron density distributions from proton elastic scattering of 90, 92, 94Zr at 200 and 300 MeV”, 3rd
LIA French-Japanese Nuclear Structure Problems Symposium, (CNRS, CEA, and RIKEN), Paris, France, Sep.
(2013).
Y. Matsuda: “Proton elastic scattering on proton-richcarbon isotopes: 9,10,11C”, 3rd LIA French-Japanese
Nuclear Structure Problems Symposium, (CNRS, CEA,
and RIKEN), Paris, France, Sep. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “Polarized Targets in RI-Beam Experiments”,
1st RIBF-RISP Worshop, (IBS and RIKEN), Daejeon,- 470 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nov. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “Interplay between Spin and Isospin in Exotic
Nuclei”, Winger111 Scientific Symposium, (Hungarian
Academy of Science), Budapest, Nov. (2013).
J. Zenihiro:“ESPRI experiment”, JUSTIPENJUSEIPEN Workshop, (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan,
Dec. (2013).
T. Uesaka: “Knockout reaction studies of Borromean nuclei with MINOS at RIBF”, Halo workshop, (GSI),
Darmstadt, Germany, Feb. (2014).
T. Uesaka: “Quasi-Free Scattering Experiments with Radioactive Beams at RIBF”, TU-Darmstadt CRC Workshop, (TU Darmstadt), Black Forest, Germany, Feb.
(2014).
(Domestic Conference)
笹野匡紀: “56 Ni のガモフ・テラー遷移強度”(若手奨励賞受
賞記念講演), 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 東広島市, 3 月 (2013).
笹 野 匡 紀 、矢 向 謙 太 郎: “Double-beta decay matrix
elements and charge exchange reactions”, 極低バックグ
ラウンド素粒子原子核研究懇談会, (極低バックグラウンド
素粒子原子核研究懇談会), 富山市, ４月 (2013).
久保田悠樹、笹野匡紀、上坂友洋、李清秀、伊藤正俊、大田晋輔、川瀬頌一郎、小林幹、田口貴大、Leung Tsz Tang、堂園昌伯、時枝紘史、松原礼明、宮裕之、涌井崇志: “不安定
核研究のための高粒度中性子検出器の開発”, 日本物理学会
第 68 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 東広島市, 3 月 (2013).
李清秀、大田晋輔、時枝紘史、上坂友洋: “低圧重水素中における厚い GEM の基礎特性”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 東広島市, 3 月 (2013).
木佐森慶一、下浦享、宮裕之、馬場秀忠、馬場辰彦、堂園昌伯、福田直樹、藤井俊彦、郷慎太郎、井手口栄治、稲辺尚人、伊藤正俊、亀田大輔、川畑貴裕、川瀬頌一郎、久保敏
幸、久保田悠樹、小林幹、近藤洋介、李清秀、前田幸重、
松原礼明、三木謙二郎、道正新一郎、西隆博、西村美月、
大田晋輔、坂口聡志、酒井英行、笹野匡紀、佐藤広海、
清水陽平、鈴木宏、高木基伸、民井淳、竹田浩之、武内聡、時枝紘史、津村美保、上坂友洋、柳沢善行、矢向謙太
郎、横山輪、吉田光一、Marlene Assie, Didier Beaumel,
Fariouz Hammache, Andreas Stolz: “二重荷電交換反応をもちいた 4 中性子系質量欠損核分光実験”, 日本物理学会
秋季大会, (日本物理学会), 高知市, 9 月 (2013).
銭廣十三 “陽子弾性散乱で見る核子密度分布”, 九大分野横断型研究会 -クォーク・原子核・中性子星を俯瞰する-, (九州大学), 福岡市, 3 月 (2014).

- 471 -

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nuclear Spectroscopy Laboratory
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Ichikawa Y. and Ueno H.: “Production of spin-controlledrare isotope beams” (in Japanese), Butsuri 62, 823–827(2013).*
Ueno H., Miyatake H., Yamamoto Y., Tanimoto S.,
Shimoda T., Aoi N., Asahi K., Ideguchi E., Ishihara M.,
Izumi H., Kishida T., Kubo T., Mitsuoka S., Mizoi Y.,
Notani M., Ogawa H., Ozawa A., Sasaki M., ShirakuraT., Takahashi N., and Yoneda K.: “Beta-delayed neutron and gamma-ray spectroscopy of 17 C utilizing spinpolarized 17 B”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034316, 15 pages(2013).*
Ichikawa Y., Ueno H., Ishii Y., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A.,
Kameda D., Watanabe H., Aoi N., Asahi K., Balabanski
D.L., Chevrier R., Daugas J.M., Fukuda N., Georgiev
G., Hayashi H., Iijima H., Inabe N., Inoue T., Ishihara
M., Kubo T., Nanao T., Ohnishi T., Suzuki K., TsuchiyaM., Takeda H., Rajabali M.M.: “Novel method for the
production of spin-aligned RI beams in projectile fragmentation reaction with the dispersion matching technique”, Hyperﬁne Interact. 220, 47–51 (2013).*
Momota S., Mihara M., Nishimura D., Fukuda M.,
Kamisho Y., Wakabayashi M., Matsuta K., Suzuki S.,
Nagashima M., Zhu S., Yuan D., Zheng Y., Yi Z., Fan
P., Izumikawa T., Kitagawa A., Sato S., Kanazawa M.,
Torikoshi M., Minamisono T., Nakamura Y., Tashiro
K., Honma A., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ohtsubo T.,
Nagatomo T., Uenishi H., Iwamoto K., Yaguchi M.,
Ogura T., Ito T., Yamamura K., Ichikawa Y., Nojiri
Y., Alonso J.R., Symons T.J.M.: “Momentum dependence of spin polarization for beta emitting nuclei produced through charge exchange reaction at intermediate
energy”, Hyperﬁne Interact. 220, 53–58 (2013).*
Inoue T., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A., .Ichikawa Y,
Chikamori M., Ohtomo Y., Tsuchiya M., Yoshida N.,
Shirai H., Uchida M., Suzuki K., Nanao T., Miyatake H.,
Ueno H., Matsuo Y., Fukuyama T., Asahi K.: “Nuclear
spin maser and experimental search for 129 Xe atomic
EDM”, Hyperﬁne Interact. 220, 59-63 (2013).*Ishibashi Y., Nagae D., Abe Y., Nagatomo T., Ozawa A.,
Suzuki H., Fukuoka S., Nishikiori R., Niwa T., Matsuta
K., Tagishi Y.: “Production of nuclear polarization of
unstable nuclei via polarization transfer reactions”, Hyperﬁne Interact. 220, 71-77 (2013).*
Furukawa T., Wakui T., Yang X.F., Fujita T., Imamura
K., Yamaguchi Y., Tetsuka H., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura
S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Ueno H.,
Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Novel- 472 -

nuclear laser spectroscopy method using superﬂuid helium for measurement of spins and moments of exotic
nuclei”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 317, 590-594(2013).*
Imamura K., Furukawa T., Wakui T., Yang X.F.,
Yamaguchi Y., Tetsuka H., Mitsuya Y., Tsutsui Y.,
Fujita T., Ebara Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto
S., Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H.,
Hatakeyama A., Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Odashima
H., Kobayashi T., Ueno H., Shimoda T., Asahi K.,
Matsuo Y.: “Development of a helium cryostat for laser
spectroscopy of atoms with unstable nuclei in superﬂuid
helium”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 317, 595–
598 (2013).*
Yang X.F., Furukawa T., Wakui T., Imamura K., Tetsuka
H., Fujita T., Yamaguchi Y., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura
S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Ueno H.,
Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Control of stopping position of radioactive ion beam insuperﬂuid helium for laser spectroscopy experiments”,
Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 317, 599–602 (2013).*
Yoshida N., Ueno H., Yoshimi A., Ishibashi Y., Ichikawa
Y., Abe Y., Asahi K., Chikamori M., Fujita T.,
Furukawa T., Hikota E., Nagae D., Ohtomo Y., Saito
Y., Shirai H., Suzuki T., Yang X.F., “Development of
a new device control system for β-NMR experiments”,
Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 317, 705–709 (2013).*Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Ueno H., Yoshimi A., Ichikawa
Y., Abe Y., Asahi K., Chikamori M., Fujita T.,
Furukawa T., Hikota E., Nagae D., Ohtomo Y., Saito Y.,
Shirai H., Suzuki T., Yang X.F., Sakamoto N.: “Development of an adiabatic ﬁeld rotation system to measurespin polarization of unstable nuclei”, Nucl. Instr. Meth.
Phys. Res. B 317, 714–716 (2013).*
Ichikawa Y., Ueno H., Ishii Y., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A.,
Kameda D., Watanabe H., Aoi N., Asahi K., Balabanski
D.L., Chevrier R., Daugas J.M., Fukuda N., Georgiev
G., Hayashi H., Iijima H., Inabe N., Inoue T., Ishihara
M., Kubo T., Nanao T., Ohnishi T., Suzuki K., TsuchiyaM., Takeda H., Rajabali M.M.: “Spin-aligned RI beams
via two-step fragmentation reactions”, Nucl. Instr.
Meth. Phys. Res. B 317, 769–773 (2013).*Ishiyama H., Jeong S.C., Watanabe Y.X., Hirayama Y.,
Imai N., Miyatake H., Oyaizu M., Katayama I., Sataka
M., Osa A., Otokawa Y., Matsuda M., Makii H., NishioK., Sato T.K., Nakao A.: “In situ diﬀusion measurements in solids using short-lived radioactive tracers of
8
Li and 20 Na”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. B 317,
789–792 (2013).*
Akamatsu K., Okuyama M., Mitsumori K., Yoshino A.,
Nakao A., Nakao S.: “Eﬀect of the composition of thecopolymer of carboxybetaine and n-butylmethacrylate1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

on low-fouling property of dynamically formed membrane”, Sep. Purif. Technol. 118, 463–469 (2013).*
Yamada Y., Kobayashi Y., Kubo M.K., Mihara M.,
Nagatomo T., Sato W., Miyazaki J., Sato S., Kitagawa
A.: “In-beam Mssbauer spectra of 57 Mn implanted into
low-temperature solid Ar”, Chem. Phys. Lett. 567,
14–17 (2013).*
Yamada Y., Kobayashi Y., Kubo M.K., Mihara M.,
Nagatomo T., Sato W., Miyazaki J., Sato S., Kitagawa
A.: “In-beam Mssbauer study of 57 Mn implanted into a
low-temperature xenon”, Hyperﬁne Interact. 226, 35–
40 (2013).*
Kobayashi Y., Mihara M., Nagatomo T., Yamada Y.,
Kubo M.K., Miyazaki J., Sato W., Sato S., Kitagawa A.,“Time-resolved Mössbauer spectra obtained after 57 Mn
implantation in Si”, Hyperﬁne Interact. 226, 679–685(2013).*
Kobayashi Y., “In-beam Mössbauer Spectroscopy Using aRadioisotope Beam and a Nuclear Capture Reaction”,Mössbauer Spectroscopy – Applications in Chemistry,
Biology, Nanotechnology, ed. by V.K. Sharma, G. Klingelhfer, and T. Nishida (John Wiley Sons, New Jersey,USA) pp. 58–70, (2013).
Yang X.F., Furukawa T., Wakui T., Imamura K., Fujita
H., Mitsuya Y., Hayasaka M., Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y.,
Shirai H., Ebata Y., Hatakeyama A., Wada M., Sonoda
T., Ito Y., T. Kobayashi , Nishimura S., Kondo Y.,
Yoneda K., Ueno H., Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi
K., Matsuo Y.: “An eﬀective method for trapping ion
beams in superﬂuid helium for laser spectroscopy experiments”, EPJ Web of Conf. 66, 11041, 4 pages (2014).*
Ichikawa Y., Chikamori M., Ohtomo Y., Hikota E.,
Sakamoto Y., Suzuki T., Bidinosti C.P., Inoue T.,
Furukawa T., Yoshimi A., Suzuki K., Nanao T.,
Miyatake H., Tsuchiya M., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ino
T., Ueno H., Matsuo Y., Fukuyama T., and Asahi K.:“Search for electric dipole moment in 129 Xe atom using active nuclear spin maser”, EPJ Web of Conf. 66,
05007, 4 pages (2014).*
Hikota E., Chikamori M., Ichikawa Y., Ohtomo Y.,
Sakamoto Y., Suzuki T., Bidinosti C.P., Inoue T.,
Furukawa T., Yoshimi A., Suzuki K., Nanao T.,
Miyatake H., Tsuchiya M., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ino T.,
Ueno H., Matsuo Y., Fukuyama T., and Asahi K.: “Hyperﬁne structure constant of the neutron halo nucleus
11Be”, EPJ Web of Conf. 66, 05005, 4 pages (2014).*
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Yang X.F., Furukawa T., Fujita T., Matsuo Y.: “Precision
measurement of laser RF double resonance spectra with
an eﬀective compensation of residual magnetic ﬁeld”,
The 9th International Workshop on Application of Laserand Storage Device in Atomic Nuclei Research (LASER
2013), Poznan, Poland, May (2013).

- 473 -

Ueno H.:“RIBF research activities with sloweddown/stopped RI beams”, Workshop on the INFNRIKEN collaboration on nuclear physics activities,
Tokyo Japan, May (2013).
Furukawa T., Fujita T., Wakui T., Yang X.F., Imamura
K., Yamaguchi Y., Tetsuka H., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura
S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Ueno H.,
Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Laser
spectroscopy of RI atoms stopped in superﬂuid helium”, The 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Firenze, Italy, June (2013).
Ueno H.: “Spin-oriented RI beams at RIBF and theirapplications”, RIBF Nuclear Physics Seminar (RIKEN
Nishina Center) , Wako, Japan, June (2013).
Ueno H.: “Research programs with stopped/slowed-down
RI beams at RIBF”, RIBF User Meeting 2013, Wako,
Japan, June (2013).
Ichikawa Y., Ohtomo Y., Sakamoto Y., Suzuki T., Hikota
E., Miyatake H., Nanao T., Suzuki K., Tsuchiya M.,
Inoue T., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A., Bidinosti C.P., Ino
T., Ueno H., Matsuo Y., Fukuyama T., and Asahi K.:“Experimental search for atomic EDM in 129 Xe using active nuclear spin maser”, 3rd International Workshop on
the Physics of fundamental Symmetries and Interactions
at low energies and the precision frontier (PSI2013), Villigen, Switzerland, September (2013).
Ueno H.: “Spin-oriented RI beams at RIBF”, Keynote
speech at Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academyof Sciences, Lanzhou, China, September (2013).
Ueno H.: “Researches with stopped radioisotopes at the
RIKEN RIBF facility”, The 5th Asia-Paciﬁc Symposiumon Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), Kanazawa, Japan,
September (2013).
Ueno H.: “Present status of nuclear moment measurements at RIBF”, French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems, Paris, France, September(2013).
Ueno H., “Spin-polarized RI beams”, The First RIBFRISP Joint Workshop, Daejeon, Korea, November(2013).
Asahi K.: “Spin masing, and looking for an atomic EDM
of nuclear origin”, Physical Research Laboratory Colloquium, (Physical Research Laboratory), Ahmedabad,
India, December (2013).
Ichikawa Y., Ohtomo Y., Sakamoto Y., Kojima S., SuzukiT., Chikamori M., Hikota E., Miyatake H., Nanao
T., Suzuki K., Tsuchiya M., Inoue T., Furukawa T.,
Yoshimi A., Bidinosti C.P., Ino T., Ueno H., Matsuo
Y., Fukuyama T., and Asahi K.: “Search for electric
dipole moment of 129 Xe using active spin maser”, 7thInternational Workshop on Fundamental Physics Using
Atoms, Tokyo, Japan, March (2014).

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(Domestic Conference)
小林義男: “加速器インビーム・メスバウアー分光の現状と新展開”, 第 50 回アイソトープ・放射線 研究発表会 パネル
討論シンポジウム, 東京, 7 月 (2013).
小林 義男, 三原 基嗣, 山田 康洋, 久保 謙哉, 長友 傑, 宮崎 淳,
佐藤渉, 佐藤眞二, 北川敦志: “シリコンにおける時間分解57
Fe(←57 Mn) インビーム・メスバウアースペクトル”, 第50 回アイソトープ・放射線 研究発表会, 東京, 7 月 (2013).
石山 博恒, 鄭 淳讃, 渡辺 裕, 平山 賀一, 今井 伸明, 宮武 宇也,
西尾勝久, 牧井宏之, 長明彦, 乙川義憲, 松田誠, 佐藤哲也,
桑田直明, 河村純一, 中尾愛子, 上野秀樹: “放射性トレー
サー 8 Li によるリチウム電池固体材料中のリチウム拡散係
数測定法開拓”, 第 16 回超イオン導電体物性研究会・第 63回固体イオニクス研究会, 茨城, 7 月 (2013).
上野秀樹: “RI ビームファクトリー施設と利用研究”, 第 74
回応用物理学会秋季学術講演会 分科企画シンポジウム「イオン加速器に関する先端技術の現状」, 京都, 9 月 (2013).
市川雄一, 佐藤智哉, 大友祐一, 坂本雄, 鈴木貴大, 近森正敏,
彦田絵里, 宮武裕和, 七尾翼, 鈴木都文, 土屋真人, 井上壮志,
古川武, 吉見彰洋, BIDINOSTI ,Christopher P., 猪野隆,
上野秀樹, 松尾由賀利, 福山武志, 旭耕一郎: “3 He 共存磁力計の導入による 129 Xe 原子 EDM 測定実験 II”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月 (2013).
佐藤智哉, 市川雄一, 大友祐一, 坂本雄, 鈴木貴大, 近森正敏,
彦田絵里, 宮武裕和, 七尾翼, 鈴木都文, 土屋真人, 井上壮志,
古川武, 吉見彰洋, BIDINOSTI, Christopher P., 猪野隆,
上野秀樹, 松尾由賀利, 福山武志, 旭耕一郎: “3 He 共存磁力計のダブルセルへの適用”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月 (2013).
大友祐一, 市川雄一, 佐藤智哉, 坂本雄, 鈴木貴大, 近森正敏,
彦田絵里, 宮武裕和, 七尾翼, 鈴木都文, 土屋真人, 井上壮志,
古川武, 吉見彰洋, BIDINOSTI, Christopher P., 猪野隆,
上野 秀樹, 松尾 由賀利, 福山 武志, 旭 耕一郎: “129 Xe/3 Heの偏極生成及び緩和機構”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会,
高知, 9 月 (2013).
上庄康斗, 三原基嗣, 松多健策, 福田光順, 森田祐介, 大野淳一,
田中正聖, 篠崎真一, 神戸崚輔, 南園忠則, 小倉昌子, 小沢顕,
長江大輔, 石橋陽子, 阿部康志, 稲葉成紀, 岡田俊祐, 齋藤
佑多, 上野秀樹, 山田一成, 大坪隆, 泉川卓司, 百田佐多生,
西村太樹, 今村慧, YANG, Xiaofei, 鈴木健, 山口貴之, 白井
光雲, 藤村卓功, 松川和人: “58 Cu の β-NMR 測定”, 日本
物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月 (2013).
旭耕一郎: “Nuclear EDM”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会,
高知, 9 月 (2013).
上野秀樹: “核スピン偏極・整列 RI ビームの生成と応用”, 日
本放射化学会原子核プローブ分科会, 金沢, 9 月 (2013).
上野秀樹: “理研 RIBF における RI ビーム利用研究”, 大学
共同利用機関法人自然科学研究機構 分子科学研究所 機能
分子システム創成研究部門オープンセミナー, 岡崎, 10 月
(2013).
佐藤智哉: “能動帰還型核スピンメーザーを用いた 129 Xe 原子永久電気双極子能率の探索”, 精密周波数委員会, 東京,
12 月 (2013).
小林 義男, 三原 基嗣, 山田 康洋, 久保 謙哉, 長友 傑, 宮崎 淳,
佐藤渉, 谷川祥太郎, 佐藤祐貴子, 名取大樹, 鈴木聖人, 佐藤- 474 -

眞二, 北川敦志, “β-γ 同時計数法を用いた時間分解イン
ビーム・メスバウアー分光法”, 京大原子炉実験所専門研究会「不安定原子核の理工学と物性応用研究 III」, 大阪, 12
月 (2013).
石山博恒 , 鄭淳讃 , 渡辺裕 , 平山賀一 , 今井伸明 , 宮武宇也 ,西尾勝久 , 牧井宏之 , 木村創大 , 向井もも , 長明彦 , 乙川
義憲 , 松田誠 , 佐藤哲也 , 桑田直明 , 河村純一 , 中尾愛子 ,8
上野秀樹 , KIM, Yung Hee: \ 短寿命核トレーサー Li による電池材料中のリチウム拡散係数測定 ", 京大原子炉実

験所専門研究会「不安定原子核の理工学と物性応用研究
III」, 大阪 , 12 月 (2013).
三原基嗣, 石橋陽子, 阿部康志, 上庄康斗, 森田祐介, 大野淳一,
田中聖臣, 篠崎真一, 神戸崚輔, 福田光順, 松多健策, 小沢顕, 長江 大輔, 稲葉 成紀, 岡田 俊祐, 斉藤 佑多, 上野 秀樹,
山田一成, 泉川卓司, 大坪隆, 百田佐多生, 西村太樹, 鈴木
健, 山口貴之, 小林義男, 今村慧, YANG, Xiaofei, 長友傑,
南園忠則, 武智麻耶, 小倉昌子, 松川和人, 白井光雲, 藤村
卓功: “シリコン中 58 Cu の β-NMR 測定”, 京大原子炉実
験所専門研究会「不安定原子核の理工学と物性応用研究
III」, 大阪, 12 月 (2013).
上野秀樹: “理研 RIBF 施設と最近の研究成果”, 首都大学東京物理学教室談話会, 八王子, 2 月 (2014).
上野秀樹: “低速偏極 RI ビーム”, 第７回 停止・低速不安
定核ビームを用いた核分光研究会（SSRI-7）, 和光, 3 月(2014).
今村慧, 古川武, 涌井崇志, YANG, Xiaofei, 三津谷洋助, 早坂
美希, 嵯峨山 翼, 岸 翔太, 市川 雄一, 白井 葉月, 鈴木 貴大,
佐藤智哉, 大友祐一, 小島修一郎, 畠山温, 小林徹, 小田島
仁司, 旭耕一郎, 上野秀樹, 松尾由賀利: “超流動ヘリウム中
へ打ち込まれた原子のゼーマン準位構造及び超微細構造測定”, 第７回 停止・低速不安定核ビームを用いた核分光研究会（SSRI-7）, 和光, 3 月 (2014).
市川雄一: “スピン操作した RI ビームの生成”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).
白井葉月, 市川雄一, 上野秀樹, 石橋陽子, 鈴木貴大, 古川武,吉見 彰洋, 阿部 康志, 旭耕 一郎, DAUGAS, Jean-Michel,
藤田 朋美, 早坂 美希, 今村 慧, 岸 翔太, 小島 修一郎, 長江
大輔, 中尾愛子, 大友祐一, 嵯峨山翼, 坂本雄, 佐藤智哉: “
中性子過剰核 S 同位体の核磁気モーメント”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).
小島 修一郎, 佐藤 智哉, 市川 雄一, 大友 祐一, 坂本 雄, 鈴木
貴大, 白井 葉月, 近森 正敏, 彦田 絵里, 宮武 裕和, 七尾翼, 鈴木 都文, 土屋 真人, 井上 壮志, 古川 武, 吉見 彰洋,
BIDINOSTI, Christopher P., 猪野 隆, 上野 秀樹, 松尾
由賀利, 福山 武志, 旭 耕一郎: “EDM 測 定 の た め の ス
ピンメーザーデジタルフィードバックシステム”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).
坂本雄, BIDINOSTI, Christopher P., 市川雄一, 佐藤智哉,
大友祐一, 小島修一郎, 鈴木貴大, 白井葉月, 近森正敏, 彦田
絵里, 宮武 裕和, 七尾 翼, 鈴木 都文, 土屋 真人, 井上 壮志,
古川 武, 吉見 彰洋, 猪野 隆, 上野 秀樹, 松尾 由賀利, 福山
武志, 旭耕一郎: “EDM 測定に向けた改良型磁場安定化シ
ステムの構築と性能評価２”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).
大友 祐一, 市川 雄一, 佐藤 智哉, 坂本 雄, 小島 修一郎, 鈴木

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

貴大, 白井 葉月, 近森 正敏, 彦田 絵里, 宮武 裕和, 七尾翼, 鈴木 都文, 土屋 真人, 井上 壮志, 古川 武, 吉見 彰洋,
BIDINOSTI, Christopher P., 猪野 隆, 上野 秀樹, 松尾
由賀利, 福山 武志, 旭 耕一郎: “Performance evaluationof cell with coexisting 129 Xe/3 He”, 日本物理学会第 69 回
年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).
佐藤 智哉, 市川 雄一, 大友 祐一, 坂本 雄, 小島 修一郎, 鈴木
貴大, 白井 葉月, 近森 正敏, 彦田 絵里, 宮武 裕和, 七尾翼, 鈴木 都文, 土屋 真人, 井上 壮志, 古川 武, 吉見 彰洋,
BIDINOSTI, Christopher P., 猪野 隆, 上野 秀樹, 松尾
由賀利, 福山 武志, 旭 耕一郎: “3 He 共 存 磁 力 計 の 導 入による 129 Xe 原子 EDM 測定実験”, 日本物理学会第 69 回
年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).
藤田朋美, 古川武, 今村慧, YANG, Xiaofei, 三津谷洋助, 早坂
美希, 嵯峨山 翼, 岸 翔太, 小林 徹, 上野 秀樹, 下田 正, 松尾
由賀利: “超流動ヘリウム中 Au 原子の超微細構造測定”,
日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, 平塚, 3 月 (2014).

- 475 -

4

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

High Energy Astrophysics Laboratory
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Yamada, S., Torii, S., Mineshige, S., Ueda, Y., Kubota,A., Gandhi, P., Done, C., Noda, H., Yoshikawa, A.,
Makishima, K.: “Highly Ionized Fe-K Absorption Line
from Cygnus X-1 in the High/Soft State Observed with
Suzaku” Astrophysical Journal Letter 767, L35 (2013).
Yamada, S., Negoro, H., Torii, S., Noda, H., Mineshige,S., Makishima, K.: “Rapid Spectral Changes of Cygnus
X-1 in the Low/Hard State with Suzaku” AstrophysicalJournal Letter 767, L34 (2013).
Yamada, S., Makishima, K., Done, C., Torii, S., Noda, H.,
Sakurai, S.: “Evidence for a Cool Disk and Inhomogeneous Coronae from Wide-Band Temporal Spectroscopyof Cygnus X-1 with Suzaku” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 65, 80 (2013).
Sakurai, S., Torii, S., Noda, H., Zhang, Z., Ono, K.,
Nakazawa, K., Makishima, K., Takahashi, H., Yamada, S., Matsuoka, M.: “Suzaku studies of luminositydependent changes in the low-mass X-ray binary Aquila
X-1” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
66, 10 (2014).
Kouzu, T., Tashiro, M. S., Terada, Y., Yamada, S.,
Bamba, A., Enoto, T., Mori, K., Fukazawa, Y., Makishima, K.: “Spectral Variation of Hard X-Ray Emission from the Crab Nebula with the Suzaku Hard XRay Detector” Publications of the Astronomical Societyof Japan 65, 74 (2013).
Asami, F., Enoto, T., Iwakiri, W., Yamada, S., Tamagawa,T., Mihara, T., Nagase, F.: “Broad-band spectroscopyof Hercules X-1 with Suzaku” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 66, 44 (2014)
Enoto, T., Sasano, M., Yamada, S., Tamagawa, T., Makishima, K., Pottschmidt, K., Marcu, D., Corbet, R. H.
D., Fuerst, F., Wilms, J.: “Spectral and Timing Natureof the Symbiotic X-Ray Binary 4U 1954+319: The Slowest Rotating Neutron Star in an X-Ray Binary System”
Astrophysical Journal 786, 127 (2014).
Winkler, P. F., Williams, B. J., Reynolds, S. P., Petre, R.,
Long, K. S., Katsuda, S., Hwang, U.: “A High-resolution
X-Ray and Optical Study of SN 1006: Asymmetric Expansion and Small-scale Structure in a Type Ia Supernova Remnant” Astrophysical Journal 781, 65 (2013).
Katsuda, S., Maeda, K., Nozawa, T., Pooley, D., Immler, S.: “SN 2005ip: A Luminous Type IIn Supernova
Emerging from a Dense Circumstellar Medium as Revealed by X-Ray Observations” Astrophysical Journal
780, 184 (2013).
Katsuda, S., Ohira, Y., Mori, K., Tsunemi, H., Uchida,
H., Koyama, K., Tamagawa, T.: “Dynamics of X-Rayemitting Ejecta in the Oxygen-rich Supernova Remnant Puppis A Revealed by the XMM-Newton Reﬂec-

tion Grating Spectrometer” Astrophysical Journal 768,
182 (2013).
Iwahashi, T., Enoto, T., Yamada, S., Nishioka, H.,
Nakazawa, K., Tamagawa, T., Makishima, K.: “Suzaku
Follow-Up Observation of the Activated Magnetar 1E
1547.0-5408” Publications of the Astronomical Societyof Japan 65, 52 (2013).
An, H., Hascoet, R., Kaspi, V. M., Beloborodov, A. M.,
Dufour, F., Gotthelf, E. V., Archibald, R., Bachetti, M.,
Boggs, S. E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Greﬀenstette, B. W., Hailey, C. J., Harrison, F. A., Kitaguchi,T., Kouveliotou, C., Madsen, K. K., Markwardt, C. B.,
Stern, D., Vogel, J. K., Zhang, W. W.: “NuSTAR Observations of Magnetar 1E 1841-045” Astrophysical Journal
779, 163 (2013).
Tsuchiya, H., Enoto, T., Iwata, K., Yamada, S., Yuasa,
T., Kitaguchi, T., Kawaharada, M., Nakazawa, K.,
Kokubun, M., Kato, H., Okano, M., Tamagawa, T.,
Makishima, K.: “Hardening and Termination of LongDuration γ Rays Detected Prior to Lightning” PhysicalReview Letters 111, 015001 (2013).
Konami, S., Matsushita, K., Nagino, R., Tamagawa, T.:“Abundance Patterns in the Interstellar Medium of
Early-type Galaxies Observed with Suzaku” Astrophysical Journal 783, 8 (2014).
Grefenstette, B. W., Harrison, F. A., Boggs, S. E.,
Reynolds, S. P., Fryer, C. L., Madsen, K. K., Wik, D.
R., Zoglauer, A., Ellinger, C. I., Alexander, D. M., An,
H., Barret, D., Christensen, F. E, Craig, W. W., Forster,K., Giommi, P., Hailey, C. J., Hornstrup, A., Kaspi, V.
M., Kitaguchi, T., Koglin, J. E., Mao, P. H., Miyasaka,
H., Mori, K., Perri, M., Pivovaroﬀ, M. J., Puccetti, S.,
Rana, V., Stern, D., Westergaard, N. J., Zhang, W. W.:“Asymmetries in core-collapse supernovae from maps ofradioactive 44 Ti in Cassiopeia A” Nature 506, 339-342(2014).
Kitaguchi, T., An, H., Beloborodov, A. M., Gotthelf, E.
V., Hayashi, T., Kaspi, V. M., Rana, V. R., Boggs, S.
E., Christensen, F. E., Craig, W. W., Hailey, C. J.,
Harrison, F. A., Stern, D., Zhang, W. W.: “NuSTAR
and Swift Observations of the Fast Rotating Magnetized
White Dwarf AE Aquarii” Astrophysical Journal 782, 3(2014).
[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Uchida, H., Tanaka, T., Katsuda, S., Mori, K., Koyama,K., Tsunemi, H.: “Enhancement of the Forbidden Linein the Southwestern Knot of the Cygnus Loop” 40th
COSPAR Scientiﬁc Assembly, COSPAR Meeting Proceedings 40, 3429 (2013)
Katsuda, S., “Revisiting the Southwestern Limb of
RCW˜86 with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory” 40th
COSPAR Scientiﬁc Assembly, COSPAR Meeting Proceedings 40, 1426 (2013)
Reynolds, S., Katsuda, S., Petre, R., Long, K. S., Winkler,- 476 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

P. F., Ressler, S., Williams, B.: “Constraints on shock
acceleration physics from the Chandra Large Project observations of SN 1006” 40th COSPAR Scientiﬁc Assembly, COSPAR Meeting Proceedings 40, 2738 (2013)
Wakabayashi, M., Komiya, K., Tamagawa, T., Takeuchi,
Y., Aoki, K., Taketani, A., Hamagaki, H.: “Development of a Diehard GEM using PTFE insulator substrate” Journal of Instrumentation 9, C3043 (2014).
（Review）
佐藤悟朗, 渡辺 伸: “テルル化カドミウム半導体を用いたガン
マ線イメージャの開発とこれを支えるアナログ ASIC 技術” 日本真空学会誌 57, 57-65 (2014)（Others）
榎戸輝揚: “ふり返れば『坂の上ではダメである』” 東京大学
大学院理学系研究科・理学部ニュース, 世界に羽ばたく理
学博士第 13 回, 2014 年 1 月
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Enoto, T.: “X-ray View of Magnetars, the strongest
magnet in the Universe?” Montana State University
Invited Colloquium, Montana State University, USA,
April (2013)
Enoto, T.: “Diversity and Evolution of Neutron Stars andMagnetars” Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Burst 2013,
Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto
University, Kyoto, Japan, October (2013)
Enoto, T.: “Observational Indication with Suzaku on the
Toroidal Magnetic Field inside a Magnetar” International Symposium on Neutron Star Matter, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics (YITP), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, October (2013)
Yamada, S.: “Suzaku Wide-band and Temporal Analysis
of Cygnus X-1: inhomogeneous coronae and cool disk”
Prague Synergy 2013, Prague, Chech, Nobember (2013).
Sato, G.: “Development of a High Counting Rate ASIC
for Heavy-ion Beam Monitoring” International Hiroshima
Symposium on the Development and Application of Semiconductor Tracking Detectors, Hiroshima, Japan, September (2013)
Sato, G: “CdTe Imagers for X-ray Astronomy” The12th Symposium on X-ray Imaging Optics, Osaka, Japan,
November (2013)(Domestic Conference)
佐藤悟朗: “ASTRO-H 衛星搭載硬 X 線イメージャ（HXI）の開発” 宇宙科学技術連合講演会, 米子, 10 月 (2013).
榎戸輝揚: “中性子星の物理と観測” 新学術領域「実験と観測で解き明かす中性子星の核物質」第二回中性子星ウィン
タースクール・中性子星の核物質, 理化学研究所, 和光, 12
月 (2013)榎戸輝揚: “Persistent X-ray Emission rom the Expanding
Magnetar Class” マグネター研究交流会理化学研究所, 和光, 12 月 (2013)
榎戸輝揚: “すざく、Swift 衛星によるマグネター観測の現状と将来展望” 宇宙線研究所小研究会「強磁場中性子星の構造と粒子加速・電磁波放出過程」, 宇宙線研究所、東京大学柏キャンパス 10 月 (2013)吉川瑛文, 山田真也, 杉崎睦, 松岡勝, 三原建弘, 玉川徹, 中平
聡志, 根來 均: “ブラックホール連星 Swift J1753.5–0127の短時間ソフト化の詳細解析” 日本天文学会 2013 年秋季
年会, (日本天文学会), 東北大学, 9 月 (2013).
玉川徹, 早藤麻美, 北口貴雄, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 岩切 渉, 阿佐美ふみ, 吉川瑛文, 武内陽子, 金子健太, 幸村孝由, 田原譲, 高橋忠幸, 牧島一夫, Keith Jahoda, Joanne Hill, ほか
GEMS collaboration, 林田清, 郡司修一, 米徳大輔, ほか
PolariScollaboration: “X 線偏光観測衛星 GEMS の現状と PolariS との協力” 日本天文学会 2013 年秋季年会, (日本天文学会), 東北大学, 9 月 (2013).
勝田 哲, 大平 豊, 森 浩二, 常深博, 内田裕之, 小山勝二, 玉川
徹 “X 線精密分光で明らかにする Puppis A SNR 爆発噴
出物の運動学” 日本天文学会 2013 年秋季年会, (日本天文学会), 東北大学, 9 月 (2013).
榎戸輝揚: “マグネター 磁場エネルギーで輝く宇宙最強の磁石星 ” 学融合プロジェクト「自然界の様々なスケールに現れる高エネルギージェットの解明」全体会合, KEK, つくば市, 10 月 (2013)
榎戸輝揚: “見直しが必要か？X 線連星の分類と中性子星の磁場” 連星天文学研究会, 基礎物理学研究所, 京都大学, 2 月(2014)
榎戸輝揚: “超新星が残す不思議な星々” フロンティア物理講
演会, 山形大学, 2 月 (2014)
武内陽子, 玉川徹, 北口貴雄, 岩切渉, 阿佐美ふみ, 吉川瑛
文, 早藤麻美, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 金子健太, 幸村孝由, ほか
X 線偏光計チーム: “低圧の純ジメチルエーテル下での GEM
動作特性” 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (日本物理学会),
高知大, 9 月 (2013).
楳本大悟, 土屋晴文, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 湯浅孝行, 川原田
円, 北口貴雄, 中澤知洋, 国分紀秀, 岩田憲一, 加藤博, 岡野
眞治, 玉川徹, 牧島一夫: “2012 年中における日本海沿岸の
冬季雷雲からのガンマ線観測” 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (日本物理学会), 高知大, 9 月 (2013).
Takao Kitaguchi, Kevin Black, Teruaki Enoto, Scott
Griﬃths, Asami Hayato, Joanne Hill, Keith Jahoda,
Philip Kaaret, Hannah Marlowe, Toru Tamagawa “Performance Evaluation of Micro-pattern Gas Polarimeterwith Synchrotron X-ray Beamline” 日本物理学会 2013 年
秋季大会, (日本物理学会), 高知大, 9 月 (2013).
佐藤悟朗, 国分紀秀, 中澤知洋, 内山秀樹, 内山泰伸, 榎戸輝揚,
太田方之, 大野雅功, 小高裕和, 片岡淳, 川原田円, 佐藤理江,
高橋忠幸, 高橋弘充, 武田伸一郎, 田島宏康, 田中孝明, 寺田
幸功, 深沢泰司, 牧島一夫, 水野恒史, 谷津陽一, 山岡和貴,
湯 浅 孝 行, 渡 辺 伸, Olivier Limousin, Philippe Laurent,
Francois Lebrun, ほか HXI チーム: “ASTRO-H 衛星搭
載硬 X 線撮像検出器 (HXI) の開発の現状” 日本物理学会
2013 年秋季大会, (日本物理学会), 高知大, 9 月 (2013).
玉川徹, 早藤麻美, 北口貴雄, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 岩切 渉,
阿佐美ふみ, 吉川瑛文, 武内陽子, 金子健太, 幸村孝由, 田原譲, 高橋忠幸, 牧島一夫, Keith Jahoda, Joanne Hill, ほ
か GEMS collaboration, 林田清, 郡司修一, 水野恒史, 米徳大輔, ほか PolariS collaboration: “X 線偏光観測衛星- 477 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

GEMS の現状（II）” 日本天文学会 2014 年春季年会, (日本天文学会), 国際基督教大学, 3 月 (2014).
窪田恵, 金子健太, 武内陽子, 吉川瑛文, 阿佐美ふみ, 北口貴雄, 玉川徹, 岩切渉, 山田真也, 榎戸輝揚, “X 線ビームライ
ンの高偏光化と較正用コンプトン散乱型偏光計の性能評
価” 日本天文学会 2014 年春季年会, (日本天文学会), 国際
基督教大学, 3 月 (2014).
竹井洋, 満田和久, 山崎典子, 辻本匡弘, 小川美奈, 杉田寛之,
佐藤洋一, 篠崎慶亮, 岡本篤, 藤本龍一, 大橋隆哉, 石崎欣尚,
江副祐一郎, 三石郁之, 小波さおり, 田代信, 寺田幸功, 北本俊二, 星野晶夫, 瀬田裕美, 玉川徹, 山田真也, 石川久美,
佐藤浩介, 太田直美, 澤田真理, 村上正秀, 村上弘志, 伊豫
本直子, R.L. Kelley, C.A. Kilbourne, 他 ASTRO-H SXS
チーム: “ASTRO-H 搭載 精密軟 X 線分光装置 SXS の開発の現状 XI” 日本天文学会 2014 年春季年会, (日本天文学会), 国際基督教大学, 3 月 (2014).
佐藤悟朗, 国分紀秀, 中澤知洋, 高橋忠幸, 渡辺 伸, 川原田
円, 太田方之, 佐藤理江, 武田伸一郎, 小高裕和, 湯浅孝行,
林 克洋, 原山 淳, 牧島一夫, 野田博文, 片岡 淳, 谷津陽一,
中森健之, 内山秀樹, 田島宏康, 山岡和貴, 深沢泰司, 水野
恒史, 高橋弘充, 大野雅功, 寺田幸功, 榎戸輝揚, 田中孝明,
内山泰伸, Olivier Limousin, Philippe Laurent, Francois
Lebrun, ほか ASTRO-H HXI チーム: “ASTRO-H 衛星
搭載硬 X 線撮像検出器（HXI）開発の現状” 日本天文学会 2014 年春季年会, (日本天文学会), 国際基督教大学, 3 月(2014).
山田真也, D.A. Bennett, W.B. Doriese, J.W. Fowler, K.D.
Irwin, 石 元 茂, 岡 田 信 二, G.C. O’Neil, 佐 藤 将 春,
D.R.Schmidt, D.S. Swetz, 竜 野 秀 行, J.N. Ullom: “超伝導 TES カロリメータを用いた K 中間子原子 X 線の精
密分光プロジェクト” 日本天文学会 2014 年春季年会, (日本天文学会), 国際基督教大学, 3 月 (2014).
満田和久, 山崎典子, 竹井洋, 辻本匡弘, 小川美奈, 杉田寛之,
佐藤洋一, 篠崎慶亮, 岡本篤, 藤本龍一, 大橋隆哉, 石崎欣
尚, 江副祐一郎, 三石郁之, 小波さおり, 田代信, 寺田幸功,
北本俊二, 星野晶夫, 瀬田裕美, 玉川徹, 山田真也, 石川久美, 佐藤浩介, 太田直美, 澤田真理, 村上正秀, 村上弘志,
R.L. Kelley, C.A. Kilbourne, 他 ASTRO-H SXS チーム:
“ASTRO-H 搭載 精密軟 X 線分光装置 SXS の開発の現
状 (VI)” 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (日本物理学会),
東海大, 3 月 (2014).
楳本大悟, 土屋晴文, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 湯浅孝行, 川原田
円, 北口貴雄, 中澤知洋, 国分紀秀, 加藤博, 岡野眞治, 玉川
徹, 牧島一夫: “2012 年以降の日本海沿岸の冬季雷雲からの粒子線観測” 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 東海大, 3 月 (2014).
玉川徹, 早藤麻美, 北口貴雄, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 岩切渉,
阿佐美ふみ, 吉川瑛文, 武内陽子, 金子健太, 幸村孝由, 田原譲, 高橋忠幸, 牧島一夫, Keith Jahoda, Joanne Hill, ほ
か GEMS チーム: “X 線偏光観測衛星 GEMS 開発の現状（III）” 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 東
海大, 3 月 (2014).
玉川 徹, 早藤麻美, 北口貴雄, 榎戸輝揚, 山田真也, 岩切 渉,
阿佐美ふみ, 吉川瑛文, 武内陽子, 金子健太, 幸村孝由, 田原譲, 高橋忠幸, 牧島一夫, Keith Jahoda, Joanne Hill, ほか- 478 -GEMS チーム, 林田清, ほか PolariS チーム: “X 線偏光観
測衛星 GEMS の現状と今後” 宇宙科学シンポジウム, (宇宙航空研究開発機構 宇宙科学研究所), 相模原, 1 月 (2014).

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Nakai Y.: “The AD 775 cosmic ray event shown in 10Be
yearly data from the Antarctic Dome Fuji ice core”(aposter paper), Int. CAWSES-II Symposium, Nagoya,Nov.(2013).
Motizuki Y., Sekiguchi K., Nakai Y., Akiyoshi H.,
Imamura T.: “Influence of a giant solar energetic
particle event on atmospheric chemistry”, Int. session
on Space Weather, Japan Geoscience Union Meeting
2013, Chiba, May (2013).

Astro-Glaciology Research Unit
Publications[Journal](Original Papers) ŐSubject to Peer Review
Motizuki Y., Nakai Y., Takahashi K., Igarashi M., Motoyama
H., Suzuki K.: “Dating of a Dome Fuji (Antarctica) shallow
ice core by volcanic signal synchronization with B32 andEDML1 chronologies”, The Cryosphere Discussions, vol. 8,
No. 1, pp. 769-804, (2014). 
Motizuki Y., Nakai Y., Takahashi K., Igarashi M., Motoyama
H., Suzuki K.: “Dating of a Dome Fuji (Antarctica)shallow ice core by volcanic signal synchronization with
B32 and EDML1/EDC3 chronologies”, RIKEN Accel.
Prog. Rep. vol. 46, p. 126, (2013) Kikuchi S., Okamoto S., Takahashi K., Nakai Y., Motizuki Y.:“Annually-resolved water isotope measurements in ashallow ice core drilled in a vicinity of Dome Fuji
station, East Antarctica”, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., vol.
46, p.125, (2013). 
Sekiguchi K., Nakai Y., Imamura T., Akiyoshi H., Motizuki
Y.: “Modeling Chemical Reactions in the Middle
Atmosphere Induced by Solar Energetic Particle Events”,
RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., vol. 46, p.124, (2013). Okamoto S., Takahashi K., Motoyama H., Makabe A.,
Koba K., Motizuki Y.: “Measurement of nitrogen andoxygen isotope ratios of nitrate in a shallow ice coredrilled in a vicinity of Dome Fuji station, East
Antarctica”, RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep., vol. 46, p.123,(2013). (Domestic Conference)äã¯	 “ SJĻ  ÅkœÅâłĩĠ=õz|*E?LOjì:4=Ğ¸#	   ÅÈęmŎ^ld@2JLVSJSjWlTJdŏĺ®y	 ĘÂ	  ã  	 äã¯ “ JLVSJ=ľěz|ò  Åå:¬ńø:=ŃĹ#	 ę    \KVPZTejkc
l[KjR&JLVSJq=õz|ò:¬ńø'	 ĘÂ	  ã  	 äã¯“ĻÈ;V]gV+FÏ:ĳ|=ÊI³79E)ČėI(ċF;):×3GœŒ=ċÑ(	
 #	
 Ýè«
Û±y  Åá°Åy&­Ð«ÛČėğ=y'	 nō	 ã  	 äã¯	 “öÇSJq=ıÜàÿĈ=ćĲ:Ù»ĝ<EG
OXj¾č§”	 ģ¿	  ã  	 ĤĆđt	 £Ì	 äã¯	 Ōðr	 quńm	 ÂêĮt	 è¿đÞ&ï^ld@2ķ=öÇ<*.G$_Kfj¾=·', “Densification of layered firn of hte
ice sheet in the vicinity of Dome Fuji, Antarctica”, ï¡Ĕ±TjbUMd	 ĘÂ	  ã  äã¯ “Ŏ ŏħŉĖňőù¾SJ=LOjýÈ:õz|ò$Ļ  Å=ÜĜí#	 ÄÓÅÈ
{úĔ±ČėÔ Čė&ïħŉňq<DHGpĚ
Āĩì:ĀįİükĶĸĻĕ=Î<Ń3GČėŇy'	 éÃ	  ã  	 Ćx}	 ļĤĵ	
  èÞË	 ¿Àĭ	 ªĿņ	 ¹ĆÆ	 äã¯$B+  Yld	 "30-ĦàØĴ <EG¬ń_gJď  ĝÙ»Ĩû#ÄÓ ÅÈę   ĂĬ¤y	
 ¼ŀu	  ã  	 äã¯ “¬ńø:ô~¨(ß$v$419çësû%Ē56:²´:>8;,79)G(# &ó:=Ĕ±kÕĥºĪ'ę ĉ	  ÄÓŔŖÅÈ	  ­¯qŌą©
=±îŔŒœŕŗĔ±kÕĥğ=5D/56Aŗ	 Á¿¢ā	  ã  	 äã¯	 quńm	 Ōðr	 ÀèĐ¯	 ēĢ÷	 vêŅ	 è¿đÞ	 “¬ńø:ô~¨<Ń3GČė:ŗĻ$Ă$çëŗ# ę   ilQTeZ`&ô~¨=ĄīČė<_NlPV19'	  ã  	 ÀèĐ¯	 Ōðr	 è¿đÞ	 Ċ¦Þ¯	 æÉw	 äã¯	 "ï^ld@2 	  ! þÖŎ  Åŏù¾SJ<*.GĎľ¥z|ò=ûµ#	 ÝèăÒà
Ĕ±Ĺ  ÅĹªy	 ģ	  ã  	 ēĢ÷¿ońmŁġñ½Ń¬ĽquńmvêŅäã¯	 "¬ń`h]jLaj],ï¡ªô=Ďľ*E?OXjýÈ<C3ÍŊ<Ń3GÚ¶ŋ#	
 ÝèăÒàĔ±Ĺ  ÅĹªy	
 ģ	
  ã
  	 [Book · Proceedings](Proceedings)
Famiano M., Boyd N. R., Kajino T., Meyer B., Motizuki
Y. , Roederer I.: “Implementing the r-process inmetal-poor stars via black hole collapse andrelevance to the light element enhancement”,

Journal of Physics Conference Series, 445, pp.
2025-2029. (2013). 

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Motizuki Y.: “Diagnose oscillation properties observed in
an Antarctic ice core oxygen isotope record”, AGU 2013
Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA, Dec. (2013).
Sigl M., McConnell J.R., Toohey M., Maselli O., Pasteris
D., Layman L., Isaksson E., Kawamura K., Motizuki Y.,
Edwards R., Curran M., Das S., Krueger K.: “Volcanic
forcing during the Common Era reevaluated based on
new ice core evidence”, AGU 2013 Fall Meeting, San
Francisco, USA, Dec.(2013).
Motizuki Y.: “Diagnosis of Yearly-Resolved Nitrate Content
Obtained from Dome Fuji, East Antarctica, as an
Indicator of Solar Variability”, Int. CAWSES-II
Symposium,Nagaya, Nov. (2013).
Miyake F., Suzuki A., Masuda K., Horiuchi K., Motoyama, H.,
Matsuzaki H., Motizuki Y., Okamoto S., Takahashi K.,- 479 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Superheavy Element Production Team
[Journal]

Publications(Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Sumita T., Morimoto K., Kaji D., and Morita K.: “New
Result on the Production of 277Cn by the 208Pb + 70Zn
Reaction”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 024202 (2013).
Murakami M., Kaji D., Morimoto K., and Morita K.:“Excitation function of Rf isotopes in the 248Cm + 18O
reaction”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 024618 (2013).
Haba H., Kaji D., Morimoto K., and Morita K.:“Production of 262Db in the 248Cm(19F, 5n)262Db reaction
and decay properties of 262Db and 258Lr”, Phys. Rev. C
89, 024618 (2014).
Kaji D., Morimoto K., and Tokanai F.: "Beam intensity
monitor based on gas scintillation emitted fromhelium gas molecules in a gas-filled recoil ion
separator", Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317, p.311 (2014).
Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba H., Asai M.,
Sato T. K., Brand H., Di Nitto A., Eichler R., Fan F. L.,
Hartmann W., Huang M.,x Jäger M., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V.,
Krier J., Kudou Y., Kurz N., Lommel B., Miyashita S.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M., Nagame Y.,
Nitsche H., Ooe K., Qin Z., Schädel M., Steiner J.,
Sumita T., Takeyama M., Tanaka K., Toyoshima A.,
Tsukada K., Türler A., Usoltsev I., Wakabayashi Y.,
Wang Y., Wiehl N., Yamaki S.: “Synthesis and detectionof a seaborgium carbonyl complex”, Science 345, 1491
(2014).

[Book · Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Wakabayashi Y., Kudou Y.,
Huang M., Goto S., Murakami M., Goto N., Koyama T.,
Tamura N., Tsuto S., Sumita T., Tanaka K., TakeyamaM., Yamaki S., and Morita K.: "Startup of a newgas-filled recoil separator GARIS-II ", J. Radioanal.
Nucl. Chem. (2015). [DOI:10.1007/s10967-014-3706-9]
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Wakabayashi Y., Kudou Y.,
Huang M., Goto S., Murakami M., Goto N., Koyama T.,
Tamura N., Tsuto S., Sumita T., Tanaka K., TakeyamaM., Yamaki S., and Morita K.: "Research anddevelopment of a new gas-filled recoil separator
GARIS-II ", JPS Conf. Proc. 1, p.013051 (2014).
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Sato N., Yoneda A., and Morita K.:"Gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II ", Nucl. Instr.
and Meth. B317, p.311 (2013).
Even J., Ackermann D., Asai M., Block M., Brand H., Di
Nitto A., Düllmann C. E., Eichler R., Fan F., Haba H.,
Hartmann W., Hübner A., Heßberger F. P., Huang M.,
Ja¨ger E., Kaji D., Kanaya J., Kaneya Y.,
Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V., Krier J.,
Kudou Y., Kurz N., Laatiaoui M., Lommel B., Maurer J.,
Miyashita S., Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M.,
Nagame Y., Nitsche H., Ooe K., Qin Z., Sato T. K.,
Scha¨del M., Steiner J., Sumita T., Takeyama M.,

Tanaka K., Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A.,
Usoltsev I., Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N.,
Yakushev A., and Yamaki S.: “In situ synthesis ofvolatile carbonyl complexes with short-lived nuclides” JRadioanal Nucl Chem, DOI 10.1007/s10967-014-3793-7
Morimoto K.： “ 新元素探索の最前線”, 放射線 Vol. 40, No.2,
2014, 93

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Morimoto K.: “Discovery of superheavy nucleus 278113-New Result in the Production and Decay of278113-“XXXIII Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics(MAZURIAN2013), Piaski, Poland, September (2013).
Morimoto K.: “New result in the production and decay of278113”,
French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear
Structure Problems, Paris, France, October (2013).
Morimoto K.: “Status of GARIS and GARIS-II”, 9th ASRC
International Workshop "Chemistry of the superheavy
elements", RIKEN, Japan, March (2013).
Kaji D.: ”Present status of superheavy element production
target for gas-filled recoil separators GARIS andGARIS-II", INTDS 2014, Japan, September (2014).
Kaji D.: ”Performance of New Gas-filled Recoil Ion
Separator
GARIS-IIfor
Asymmetric
FusionReaction” ”The first α -γ spectroscopic study by using a
Si-Ge detector array installed at the focal plane of
GARIS”, ARIS 2014, Japan, June (2014).
Kaji D.: “SHE experiments with GARIS-I/-II at RIKEN",
NUSTAR meeting 2014, Germany, March (2014).
Kaji D.: “Research and development of a new gas-filled
recoil separator GARIS-II”, APPC12, Japan, July
(2013).
Kaji D.: “Startup of a new gas-filled recoil separator
GARIS-II”, APSORC13, Japan, September (2013).
Kaji D.: “Status of a new gas-filled recoil separator
GARIS-II developed for SHE chemistry”, CHE8, Japan,
September (2013).
Yamaki S., Morimoto K., Kaji D., and Wakabayashi Y.:“Pulse Shape Analysis Using Flash-ADC for Short-lived
Decay of Super Heavy Elements”, ARIS2014, Tokyo,
June (2014).
Morita K., “Recent Results on Superheavy Element
Researchat
RIKEN”
Fusion14International
Conference, New Delhi India, Feb. 24-28, 2014.
Morita K., “Research of Superheavy Elements at RIKEN Present Status and Perspective -“, The 2nd Conferenceon "Advances in Radioactive Isotope Science"(ARIS2014), Tokyo, Japan, June 1 - 6, 2014.
M. Takeyama, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Y. Wakabayashi, M.
Asai "Detector response to spontaneous fission events ofheavy nuclide produced by using 206Pb+48Ca reaction"
ARIS2014, Tokyo, Japan, June (2014)
Morita K., “Research of Superheavy Elements at RIKEN Present Status and Perspective – Zakopane Conferenceon Nuclear Physics, “Extremes of Nuclear Landscape”,
Zakopane, Poland, Aug. 31 - Sep. 7 2014.

- 480 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(Domestic Conference)
若林泰生、西尾勝久、光岡真一、森本幸司、加治大哉、羽場宏光、西中一朗、牧井宏之、住田貴之、米田晃、森田浩介：“中性子魔法数 126 領域の中性子欠損したアクチノイド原子核の新同位体合成”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
山木さやか: “Flash-ADC により取得したプリアンプ波形のための解析アルゴリズムの開発”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 湘南, 3 月(2014).
田中謙伍: ”超重元素生成のための標的開発とそのモニターシステム”, 2014 日本放射化学会年会・第 58 回放射化学討論会, 名古屋, 9 月(2014).
加 治 大 哉 : ”GARIS を用いたホットフュージョン反 応
248Cm+48Ca→296Lv* に関する研究”, 第 58 回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9 月 (2014).
加治大哉: ”気体充填型反跳分離装置 GARIS-II の非対称系反応に対する性能試験”, 第 58 回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9
月 (2014).
加治大哉: ”GARIS を用いた 113 番元素研究の総括”, 第 58回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9 月 (2014).
加治大哉: ”超重核研究のための焦点面検出器の開発”, 第 58回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9 月 (2014).
加治大哉: “GARIS-II commissioning #3”, 第 69 回 日本物理学会, 神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
加治大哉: “理研における 113 番元素探索(まとめ)”, 京都大学
原子炉研究所 有用放射性トレーサーの開発と利用に関する専門研究会, 大阪, 1 月 (2014).
加治大哉: “GARIS-II commissioning #2”, 第 68 回 日本物理学会, 広島, 3 月 (2013).
森本幸司: “加速器を用いた新元素探索-113 番線元素の発見第 26 回タンデム加速器及びその周辺技術の研究会 山形,
7 月, (2013).
森本幸司: “新元素探索の最前線”, 第 74 回応用物理学会秋季
学術講演会 京都, 9 月, (2013).

- 481 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Superheavy Element Device Development Team
[Journal]

Publications(Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Sumita T., Morimoto K., Kaji D., and Morita K.: “New
Result on the Production of 277Cn by the 208Pb + 70Zn
Reaction”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 82, 024202 (2013).
Murakami M., Kaji D., Morimoto K., and Morita K.:“Excitation function of Rf isotopes in the 248Cm + 18O
reaction”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 024618 (2013).
Haba H., Kaji D., Morimoto K., and Morita K.:“Production of 262Db in the 248Cm(19F, 5n)262Db reaction
and decay properties of 262Db and 258Lr”, Phys. Rev. C
89, 024618 (2014).
Kaji D., Morimoto K., and Tokanai F.: "Beam intensity
monitor based on gas scintillation emitted fromhelium gas molecules in a gas-filled recoil ion
separator", Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B317, p.311 (2014).
Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba H., Asai M.,
Sato T. K., Brand H., Di Nitto A., Eichler R., Fan F. L.,
Hartmann W., Huang M.,x Jäger M., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V.,
Krier J., Kudou Y., Kurz N., Lommel B., Miyashita S.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M., Nagame Y.,
Nitsche H., Ooe K., Qin Z., Schädel M., Steiner J.,
Sumita T., Takeyama M., Tanaka K., Toyoshima A.,
Tsukada K., Türler A., Usoltsev I., Wakabayashi Y.,
Wang Y., Wiehl N., Yamaki S.: “Synthesis and detectionof a seaborgium carbonyl complex”, Science 345, 1491
(2014).

[Book · Proceedings](Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Wakabayashi Y., Kudou Y.,
Huang M., Goto S., Murakami M., Goto N., Koyama T.,
Tamura N., Tsuto S., Sumita T., Tanaka K., TakeyamaM., Yamaki S., and Morita K.: "Startup of a newgas-filled recoil separator GARIS-II ", J. Radioanal.
Nucl. Chem. (2015). [DOI:10.1007/s10967-014-3706-9]
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Wakabayashi Y., Kudou Y.,
Huang M., Goto S., Murakami M., Goto N., Koyama T.,
Tamura N., Tsuto S., Sumita T., Tanaka K., TakeyamaM., Yamaki S., and Morita K.: "Research anddevelopment of a new gas-filled recoil separator
GARIS-II ", JPS Conf. Proc. 1, p.013051 (2014).
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Sato N., Yoneda A., and Morita K.:"Gas-filled recoil ion separator GARIS-II ", Nucl. Instr.
and Meth. B317, p.311 (2013).
Even J., Ackermann D., Asai M., Block M., Brand H., Di
Nitto A., Düllmann C. E., Eichler R., Fan F., Haba H.,
Hartmann W., Hübner A., Heßberger F. P., Huang M.,
Ja¨ger E., Kaji D., Kanaya J., Kaneya Y.,
Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V., Krier J.,
Kudou Y., Kurz N., Laatiaoui M., Lommel B., Maurer J.,
Miyashita S., Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M.,
Nagame Y., Nitsche H., Ooe K., Qin Z., Sato T. K.,
Scha¨del M., Steiner J., Sumita T., Takeyama M.,

Tanaka K., Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A.,
Usoltsev I., Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N.,
Yakushev A., and Yamaki S.: “In situ synthesis ofvolatile carbonyl complexes with short-lived nuclides” JRadioanal Nucl Chem, DOI 10.1007/s10967-014-3793-7
Morimoto K.： “ 新元素探索の最前線”, 放射線 Vol. 40, No.2,
2014, 93

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Morimoto K.: “Discovery of superheavy nucleus 278113-New Result in the Production and Decay of278113-“XXXIII Mazurian Lakes Conference on Physics(MAZURIAN2013), Piaski, Poland, September (2013).
Morimoto K.: “New result in the production and decay of278113”,
French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear
Structure Problems, Paris, France, October (2013).
Morimoto K.: “Status of GARIS and GARIS-II”, 9th ASRC
International Workshop "Chemistry of the superheavy
elements", RIKEN, Japan, March (2013).
Kaji D.: ”Present status of superheavy element production
target for gas-filled recoil separators GARIS andGARIS-II", INTDS 2014, Japan, September (2014).
Kaji D.: ”Performance of New Gas-filled Recoil Ion
Separator
GARIS-IIfor
Asymmetric
FusionReaction” ”The first α -γ spectroscopic study by using a
Si-Ge detector array installed at the focal plane of
GARIS”, ARIS 2014, Japan, June (2014).
Kaji D.: “SHE experiments with GARIS-I/-II at RIKEN",
NUSTAR meeting 2014, Germany, March (2014).
Kaji D.: “Research and development of a new gas-filled
recoil separator GARIS-II”, APPC12, Japan, July
(2013).
Kaji D.: “Startup of a new gas-filled recoil separator
GARIS-II”, APSORC13, Japan, September (2013).
Kaji D.: “Status of a new gas-filled recoil separator
GARIS-II developed for SHE chemistry”, CHE8, Japan,
September (2013).
Yamaki S., Morimoto K., Kaji D., and Wakabayashi Y.:“Pulse Shape Analysis Using Flash-ADC for Short-lived
Decay of Super Heavy Elements”, ARIS2014, Tokyo,
June (2014).
M. Takeyama, D. Kaji, K. Morimoto, Y. Wakabayashi, M.
Asai "Detector response to spontaneous fission events ofheavy nuclide produced by using 206Pb+48Ca reaction"
ARIS2014, Tokyo, Japan, June (2014)(Domestic Conference)
若林泰生、西尾勝久、光岡真一、森本幸司、加治大哉、羽場宏光、西中一朗、牧井宏之、住田貴之、米田晃、森田浩介：“中性子魔法数 126 領域の中性子欠損したアクチノイド原子核の新同位体合成”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, 高知, 9 月(2013).
山木さやか: “Flash-ADC により取得したプリアンプ波形のための解析アルゴリズムの開発”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 湘南, 3 月(2014).
田中謙伍: ”超重元素生成のための標的開発とそのモニターシステム”, 2014 日本放射化学会年会・第 58 回放射化学討- 482 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

論会, 名古屋, 9 月(2014).
加 治 大 哉 : ”GARIS を用いたホットフュージョン反 応
248Cm+48Ca→296Lv* に関する研究”, 第 58 回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9 月 (2014).
加治大哉: ”気体充填型反跳分離装置 GARIS-II の非対称系反応に対する性能試験”, 第 58 回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9
月 (2014).
加治大哉: ”GARIS を用いた 113 番元素研究の総括”, 第 58回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9 月 (2014).
加治大哉: ”超重核研究のための焦点面検出器の開発”, 第 58回放射化学討論会, 愛知, 9 月 (2014).
加治大哉: “GARIS-II commissioning #3”, 第 69 回 日本物理学会, 神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
加治大哉: “理研における 113 番元素探索(まとめ)”, 京都大学
原子炉研究所 有用放射性トレーサーの開発と利用に関する専門研究会, 大阪, 1 月 (2014).
加治大哉: “GARIS-II commissioning #2”, 第 68 回 日本物理学会, 広島, 3 月 (2013).
森本幸司: “加速器を用いた新元素探索-113 番線元素の発見第 26 回タンデム加速器及びその周辺技術の研究会 山形,
7 月, (2013).
森本幸司: “新元素探索の最前線”, 第 74 回応用物理学会秋季
学術講演会 京都, 9 月, (2013).

- 483 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Accelerator Group
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Okuno H., Fukunishi N., and Kamigaito O.: “Progress of
RIBF Accelerators”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2012, No. 1, 03C002 (2012). ＊Fujinawa T.: “RIKEN Nishina Center’s Response to the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster: Radiation Screening”, Journal of Physical Science and Application 3, No.
1, p. 39–46 (2013). ＊Ozeki K., Higurashi Y., Ohnishi J., and Nakagawa T.: “Effect of Biased Disc on Brightness of Highly Charged Uranium Ions from RIKEN 28 GHz”, Japanese Journal ofApplied Physics 52, No. 6, 068001 (2013). ＊Fujinawa T.: “Development of Cranes Used at Super-Sized
Accelerator Facility RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Journalof Material Science and Engineering A3, No. 9, p. 640–
645 (2013). ＊Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊Urabe T., Takahashi K., Kitagawa M., Kondo T.,
Enomoto S., Kidera M., and Seto Y.: “Developmentof portable mass spectrometer with electron cyclotron
resonance ion source for detection of chemical warfare
agents in air”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular
and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 120, p. 437–444 (2013).
＊
Fujinawa T.: “Development of Superconducting Maglev
Ground Coils”, Journal of Physical Science and Application, 4, No. 1, p. 36–42 (2014). ＊Haba H., Muang M., Kaji D., Kanaya J., Kudou Y.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M., Ozeki K.,
Sakai R., Sumita T., Wakabayashi Y., Yoneda A.,
Kasamatsu Y., Kikutani Y., Komori Y., Nakamura
K., Shinohara A., Kikunaga H., Kudo H., Nishio K.,
Toyoshima A., and Tsukada K.: “Production of 262 Db
in the 248 Cm(19 F,5n)262 Db reaction and decay properties of 262 Db and 258 Lr”, Physical Review C 89, 0246181-11 (2014). ＊Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta
T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “A diﬀusion-free and linear-energytransfer-independent nanocomposite Fricke gel dosimeter”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 96, p. 92–96(2014). ＊（Others）
長谷部裕雄: “Report of the Medical Treatment Screening
in Fukushima”, 加速器 8, No. 3, p. 02A320 (2010).
[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review- 484 -

Kamigaito O.: “Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities in Asia”,
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on
Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology (HIAT2012) p. 28–
32 (2012).
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta
T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “Response of aqueous dichromate andnanoclay dichromate gel dosimeters to carbon ion irradiation”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444,
012033 (2013). ＊Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta
T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “Diﬀusion suppression in gel dosimetryby addition of nanoclay”, World Congress on Medical
Physics and Biomedical Engineering May 26-31, 2012,
Beijing, China 39, p. 1183–1186 (2013). ＊Taylor M.L., Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L.,
Furuta T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “Radiological characteristics of charged
particle interactions in the ﬁrst clay-nanoparticle dichromate gel dosimeter”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444, 012110 (2013). ＊Taylor M.L., Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L.,
Fukasaku K., Furuta T., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “A novel clay-nanoparticle dichromate
gel: radiological properties for electron and hadron interactions”, Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciencesin Medicine: 2012 Engineering and Physical Sciences in
Medicine Conference 36, p. 136–137 (2013). ＊Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Ampliﬁer to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Kamigaito O.: “Overview of the World-wide RIB Facilities- Status and Challenges”, Proceedings of the 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013) p.
4000–4004 (2013).
Nakai Y., Nakano Y., Ikeda T., Kanai Y., KambaraT., Fukunishi N., Kondo C., Azuma T., Komaki K.,
and Yamazaki Y.: “Stark eﬀect in resonant coherent
excitation of 2s electron of Li-like Fe23+ ions channel-

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

ing in a Si crystal”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods
in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with
Materials and Atoms 299, p. 1029–1034 (2013). ＊Kuboki H., Okuno H., Hershcovitch A., Ikegami K., Imao
H., Kase M., Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Nakagawa
T., Hasebe H., Maie T., and Yano Y.: “Development
of diﬀerential pumping system using plasma window”,
Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 299, p.
1029–1034 (2013). ＊Okuno H., Fukunishi N., Kuboki H., Hasebe H., Imao H.,
Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Charge strippers for Radioisotope Beam Factory at RIKEN”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 945–949 (2013).
＊
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
＊
Hasebe H., Kuboki H., Okuno H., Imao H., Yamane I.,
Fukunishi N., Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Development of a new foil compounded from carbon nanotubes
and sputterdeposition carbon”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 1013–1018 (2014). ＊Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “Charge-stripping system for
238U ion beam with recirculating He gas”, Journal ofradioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 941–944(2014). ＊Ohnishi J., Higurashi Y., Kidera M., Ozeki K.,
and Nakagawa T.: “Development of a high-temperatureoven for the 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion
source”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, No. 2,
02A924 (2014). ＊Ozeki K., Kageyama T., Kidera M., Higurashi Y.,
and Nakagawa T.: “Operational test of micro-oven for
48Ca beam”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, No.
2, p. 941–944 (2014). ＊大関和貴, 日暮祥英, 大西純一, 中川孝秀,“理研 28 GHz 超伝導 ECR イオン源のエミッタンス測定”,
Proc. of the 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator
Society of Japan p. 252 (2013).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Kamigaito O.: “International Symposium on Vacuum Science & Technology and Its Application for Accelerators”, ernational Symposium on Vacuum Science &Technology and Its Application for Accelerators, (Vari-- 485 -

able Energy Cyclotron Center), Kolkata, India, February (2012).
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Fukasaku K.,
Furuta T., Takagi S., Noda S., and Himeno R.: “Diffusion suppression in gel dosimetry by addition of nanoclay”, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (WC2012), Beijing, China, May (2012).
Kamigaito O.: “Rare-Isotope Beam Facilities in Asia”,
The 12th International Conference on Heavy Ion Accelerator Technology (HIAT2012), (International Organization Committee of HIAT2012), Chicago, USA, June(2012).
Kamigaito O.:‘Status of RIBF Accelerators at
RIKEN”, Workshop on Science with Rare Ion Beams
SCRIBE-2012, (International Organization Committeeof SCRIBE2012), Kolkata, India, November (2012).
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Fukasaku K.,
Furuta T., Takagi S., Noda S., and Himeno R.: “Diffusion suppression in gel dosimetry by addition of nanoclay”, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (WC2012), Sydney, Australia, November (2012).
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Okuno H., HigurashiY., Kamigaito O., and Kase M.: “Operation of the RF
system for heavy ion accelerators in RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, Accelerator Reliability Workshop 2013 (ARW2013), (Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia,
April (2013).
Fujinawa T.: “Cogeneration system for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Accelarator Reliability Workshop 2013,(Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia, April(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Imao H.: “ Realization of New Charge-state Stripper for
High-power Uranium Ion Beams”, The 4th International
Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai,
China, May (2013).
Kamigaito O.: “ Overview of the World-wide RIB Facilities - Status and Challenges”, The 4th International
Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai,
China, May (2013).
Okuno H.: “Status Reports on the RIBF accelerators”,

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIBF users meeting, (RBF users group), Wako, Japan,
June (2013).
Okuno H., Dantsuka T., Ohnishi J., Nakamura M.: “Operational experience of the Superconducting Ring cyclotron at RI Beam Factory (RIBF) and upgrade plansfor RIBF accelerators”, The 23rd International conference on magnet technology, (International Organization
Committee of MT23), Boston, USA, July (2013).
Fujinawa T.: “The Major Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster”, The 11th International Workshop of the IEIEJ,(IEIEJ), Osaka, Japan, September (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “R&D of Helium Gas Stripper
for Intense Uranium Beams”, 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Watanabe T., Fukunishi N., Kase M., Kamigaito O.,
Inamori S., and Kon K.: “Development of a beam current monitor that uses a high-Tc SQUID at RIBF”,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH PGI-5 Colloquium,(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH), Jülich , Germany,
September (2013).
Okuno H.: “ RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory(Accelerators and Scientific Results) ”, 日中粒子線加速器科技シンポジウム, (日中科学技術交流協会), 上海、蘭州、北京, China, November. (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “フリッケゲル線量計による炭素線の線量分布測定”, 第 54 回放射線化学討論会, (日本放射線化学会), 大阪, 9 月 (2011).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “ナノクレイ添加による拡散のない
ゲル線量計の開発”, 第 103 回日本医学物理学会学術大会,(日本医学物理学会), 横浜, 4 月 (2012).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “炭素線治療における VIPAR ポリ
マーゲル線量計を用いた線量分布測定・検証の検討”, 第- 486 -

104 回日本医学物理学会学術大会, (日本医学物理学会), つくば, 9 月 (2012).
奥野広樹: “理研 RI ビームファクトリーにおける重イオン加速器技術”, 先端加速器科学技術推進協議会 第２７回技術部会, (先端加速器科学技術推進協議会), 東京, 10 月 (2012).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “ゲル線量計による重粒子線線量分
布測定”, 第 1 回 3D ゲル線量計研究会, (林慎一郎（広島国際大学 診療放射線学科）
・村上祐司（広島大学病院 放射線治療科）), 広島, 12 月 (2012).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “炭素線治療におけるゲル線量計を用いた線量分布測定とシミュレーションとの比較”, 第 16回弥生研究会～放射線効果の解明と応用～, (東京大学、勝村・工藤研究室), 東京, 3 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “重粒子線線量分布測定のための
VIPAR ポリマーゲル線量計の特性評価”, 第 60 回応用物理学会春季学術講演会, (応用物理学会), 神奈川, 3 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “炭素線治療における VIPAR ポリ
マーゲル線量計を用いた線量分布測定・検証の検討 (2)”,
第 105 回日本医学物理学会学術大会, (日本医学物理学会),
横浜, 4 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “LET 依存性のないゲル線量計の開発”, 平成 24 年度 HIMAC 共同利用研究成果
発表会, (放射線医学総合研究所), 千葉, 4 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “PHITS コードを用いた炭素線照射時の VIPAR ゲル線量計の特性評価と線量分布評価”, 第 9 回 PHITS 定期講習会/研究会, (日本原子力研
究開発機構), 茨城, 8 月 (2013).
藤縄雅, 山口由高, 山澤秀行, 眞家武士, 熊谷桂子, 若杉昌徳:“理研 RIBF 稀少 RI リングの付帯設備”, 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
今尾浩士, 奥野広樹, 久保木浩功: 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
長谷部裕雄, 久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, 今尾浩士, 山根功, 福西暢尚, 加瀬 昌之, 上垣外 修一: “カ ー ボ ン ナ ノ チュー ブ とカーボン蒸着複合膜の開発”, 第 45 回 フラーレン・ナノ
チューブ・グラフェン 総合シンポジウム, (フラーレン・
ナノチューブ・グラフェン学会), 大阪, 8 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “炭素線照射におけるゲル線量計の LET 依存性”, 第 56 回放射線化学討論会, (日本放射線化学会、日本化学会), 広島, 9 月 (2013).
久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, HershcovitchAdy, 池上九三男, 今尾浩士, 加瀬昌之, 上垣外修一, 段塚知志, 中川孝秀, 長谷部裕雄, 眞家武士, 矢野安重: “プラズマウィンドウを用いた
差動排気システムの開発”, プラズマ研究会, (日本電気学会), 長崎, 9 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “ナノクレイを添加した
ゲル線量計の開発”, 第 56 回放射線化学討論会, (電気学会、

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

ナノメディシンに向けた光・量子ビーム応用技術調査専門委員会，ナノ学会 ナノ機能・応用部会 研究会，日本生体医工学会専門別委員会 次世代治療技術開発の為の細胞
組織・分子機能計測・制御研究会), 埼玉, 11 月 (2013).
前山拓哉: “フリッケゲル線量計入門”, 第 2 回 3D ゲル線量計研究会, (林慎一郎（広島国際大学 診療放射線学科）・小西良幸（東京女子医科大学 先端生命医科学研究所）), 東京, 12 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “フリッケゲル線量計の拡散抑制と線質効果の抑制”, 第 2 回 3D ゲル線量計研究会, (林慎一郎（広島国際大学 診療放射線学科）
・小西良幸（東京女子医科大学 先端生命医科学研究所）), 東京, 12 月
(2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “有機無機複合ゲルをフリッケ水溶液線量計に浸した三次元線量計の開発”, 第 17回弥生研究会～放射線効果の解明と応用～, (東京大学、勝村・工藤研究室), 東京, 12 月 (2013).
藤縄雅: “理研 RI ビームファクトリー 稀少 RI リングの建設”, 日本大学生産工学部第 46 回学術講演会, (日本大学生産工学部), 日本大学生産工学部津田沼校舎, 12 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “粒子線三次元線量分布評価のためのフリッケ・ナノコンポジッドゲル線量計”, 第七回原子力発電所事故に関連する放射線・放射能計測技術
調査専門委員会, (電気学会), 東京, 1 月 (2014).
奥野広樹: “大強度重イオンビーム照射時の He ガスの発光機
構”, 「プラズマ分光と素過程研究の深化と展開」研究会,(核融合科学研究所), 岐阜, 1 月 (2014).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “ゲル線量計におけるLET 効果”, 先端放射線化学シンポジウム, (日本放射線化学会、応用物理学会放射線分科会（放射線物理学研究会）), 東京, 3 月 (2014).

- 487 -

4

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Accelerator R&D Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Okuno H., Fukunishi N., and Kamigaito O.: “Progress of
RIBF Accelerators”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2012, No. 1, 03C002 (2012). ＊Ozeki K., Higurashi Y., Ohnishi J., and Nakagawa T.: “Effect of Biased Disc on Brightness of Highly Charged Uranium Ions from RIKEN 28 GHz”, Japanese Journal ofApplied Physics 52, No. 6, 068001 (2013). ＊Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊（Others）
長谷部裕雄: “Report of the Medical Treatment Screening
in Fukushima”, 加速器 8, No. 3, p. 02A320 (2010).
[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Ampliﬁer to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Kuboki H., Okuno H., Hershcovitch A., Ikegami K., Imao
H., Kase M., Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Nakagawa
T., Hasebe H., Maie T., and Yano Y.: “Development
of diﬀerential pumping system using plasma window”,
Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 299, p.
1029–1034 (2013). ＊Okuno H., Fukunishi N., Kuboki H., Hasebe H., Imao H.,
Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Charge strippers for Radioisotope Beam Factory at RIKEN”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 945–949 (2013).
＊
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,

Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
＊
Hasebe H., Kuboki H., Okuno H., Imao H., Yamane I.,
Fukunishi N., Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Development of a new foil compounded from carbon nanotubes
and sputterdeposition carbon”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 1013–1018 (2014). ＊Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “Charge-stripping system for
238U ion beam with recirculating He gas”, Journal ofradioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 941–944(2014). ＊Ohnishi J., Higurashi Y., Kidera M., Ozeki K.,
and Nakagawa T.: “Development of a high-temperatureoven for the 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion
source”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, No. 2,
02A924 (2014). ＊大関和貴, 日暮祥英, 大西純一, 中川孝秀,“理研 28 GHz 超伝導 ECR イオン源のエミッタンス測定”,
Proc. of the 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator
Society of Japan p. 252 (2013).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Okuno H., HigurashiY., Kamigaito O., and Kase M.: “Operation of the RF
system for heavy ion accelerators in RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, Accelerator Reliability Workshop 2013 (ARW2013), (Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia,
April (2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Imao H.: “ Realization of New Charge-state Stripper for
High-power Uranium Ion Beams”, The 4th International
Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai,
China, May (2013).
Okuno H.: “Status Reports on the RIBF accelerators”,
RIBF users meeting, (RBF users group), Wako, Japan,
June (2013).

- 488 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Okuno H., Dantsuka T., Ohnishi J., Nakamura M.: “Operational experience of the Superconducting Ring cyclotron at RI Beam Factory (RIBF) and upgrade plansfor RIBF accelerators”, The 23rd International conference on magnet technology, (International Organization
Committee of MT23), Boston, USA, July (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “R&D of Helium Gas Stripper
for Intense Uranium Beams”, 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Watanabe T., Fukunishi N., Kase M., Kamigaito O.,
Inamori S., and Kon K.: “Development of a beam current monitor that uses a high-Tc SQUID at RIBF”,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH PGI-5 Colloquium,(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH), Jülich , Germany,
September (2013).
Okuno H.: “ RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory(Accelerators and Scientific Results) ”, 日中粒子線加速器科技シンポジウム, (日中科学技術交流協会), 上海、蘭州、北京, China, November. (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
奥野広樹: “理研 RI ビームファクトリーにおける重イオン加速器技術”, 先端加速器科学技術推進協議会 第２７回技術部会, (先端加速器科学技術推進協議会), 東京, 10 月 (2012).
今尾浩士, 奥野広樹, 久保木浩功: 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
長谷部裕雄, 久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, 今尾浩士, 山根功, 福西暢尚, 加瀬 昌之, 上垣外 修一: “カ ー ボ ン ナ ノ チュー ブ とカーボン蒸着複合膜の開発”, 第 45 回 フラーレン・ナノ
チューブ・グラフェン 総合シンポジウム, (フラーレン・
ナノチューブ・グラフェン学会), 大阪, 8 月 (2013).
久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, HershcovitchAdy, 池上九三男, 今尾浩士, 加瀬昌之, 上垣外修一, 段塚知志, 中川孝秀, 長谷部裕雄, 眞家武士, 矢野安重: “プラズマウィンドウを用いた
差動排気システムの開発”, プラズマ研究会, (日本電気学会), 長崎, 9 月 (2013).
奥野広樹: “大強度重イオンビーム照射時の He ガスの発光機- 489 -

構”, 「プラズマ分光と素過程研究の深化と展開」研究会,(核融合科学研究所), 岐阜, 1 月 (2014).

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Ion Source Team

Proc. of the 9th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator
Society of Japan p. 252 (2013).

Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Ozeki K., Higurashi Y., Ohnishi J., and Nakagawa T.: “Effect of Biased Disc on Brightness of Highly Charged Uranium Ions from RIKEN 28 GHz”, Japanese Journal ofApplied Physics 52, No. 6, 068001 (2013). ＊Urabe T., Takahashi K., Kitagawa M., Kondo T.,
Enomoto S., Kidera M., and Seto Y.: “Developmentof portable mass spectrometer with electron cyclotron
resonance ion source for detection of chemical warfare
agents in air”, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular
and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 120, p. 437–444 (2013).
＊
Haba H., Muang M., Kaji D., Kanaya J., Kudou Y.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M., Ozeki K.,
Sakai R., Sumita T., Wakabayashi Y., Yoneda A.,
Kasamatsu Y., Kikutani Y., Komori Y., Nakamura
K., Shinohara A., Kikunaga H., Kudo H., Nishio K.,
Toyoshima A., and Tsukada K.: “Production of 262 Db
in the 248 Cm(19 F,5n)262 Db reaction and decay properties of 262 Db and 258 Lr”, Physical Review C 89, 0246181-11 (2014). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Kuboki H., Okuno H., Hershcovitch A., Ikegami K., Imao
H., Kase M., Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Nakagawa
T., Hasebe H., Maie T., and Yano Y.: “Development
of diﬀerential pumping system using plasma window”,
Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 299, p.
1029–1034 (2013). ＊Ohnishi J., Higurashi Y., Kidera M., Ozeki K.,
and Nakagawa T.: “Development of a high-temperatureoven for the 28 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion
source”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, No. 2,
02A924 (2014). ＊Ozeki K., Kageyama T., Kidera M., Higurashi Y.,
and Nakagawa T.: “Operational test of micro-oven for
48Ca beam”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 85, No.
2, p. 941–944 (2014). ＊大関和貴, 日暮祥英, 大西純一, 中川孝秀,“理研 28 GHz 超伝導 ECR イオン源のエミッタンス測定”,

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Okuno H., HigurashiY., Kamigaito O., and Kase M.: “Operation of the RF
system for heavy ion accelerators in RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, Accelerator Reliability Workshop 2013 (ARW2013), (Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia,
April (2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, HershcovitchAdy, 池上九三男, 今尾浩士, 加瀬昌之, 上垣外修一, 段塚知志, 中川孝秀, 長谷部裕雄, 眞家武士, 矢野安重: “プラズマウィンドウを用いた
差動排気システムの開発”, プラズマ研究会, (日本電気学会), 長崎, 9 月 (2013).

- 490 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RILAC Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Amplifier to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
＊
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “Charge-stripping system for
238U ion beam with recirculating He gas”, Journal ofradioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 941–944(2014). ＊Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “R&D of Helium Gas Stripper
for Intense Uranium Beams”, 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,- 491 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Cyclotron Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊（Others）
長谷部裕雄: “Report of the Medical Treatment Screening
in Fukushima”, 加速器 8, No. 3, p. 02A320 (2010).
[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Amplifier to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).

Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Okuno H., HigurashiY., Kamigaito O., and Kase M.: “Operation of the RF
system for heavy ion accelerators in RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, Accelerator Reliability Workshop 2013 (ARW2013), (Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia,
April (2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,- 492 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Beam Dynamics & Diagnostics Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Okuno H., Fukunishi N., and Kamigaito O.: “Progress of
RIBF Accelerators”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2012, No. 1, 03C002 (2012). ＊Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta
T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “A diﬀusion-free and linear-energytransfer-independent nanocomposite Fricke gel dosimeter”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 96, p. 92–96(2014). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta
T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “Response of aqueous dichromate andnanoclay dichromate gel dosimeters to carbon ion irradiation”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444,
012033 (2013). ＊Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Furuta
T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “Diﬀusion suppression in gel dosimetryby addition of nanoclay”, World Congress on Medical
Physics and Biomedical Engineering May 26-31, 2012,
Beijing, China 39, p. 1183–1186 (2013). ＊Taylor M.L., Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L.,
Furuta T., Fukasaku K., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “Radiological characteristics of charged
particle interactions in the ﬁrst clay-nanoparticle dichromate gel dosimeter”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 444, 012110 (2013). ＊Taylor M.L., Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L.,
Fukasaku K., Furuta T., Takagi S., Noda S., Himeno R.,
and Fukuda S.: “A novel clay-nanoparticle dichromate
gel: radiological properties for electron and hadron interactions”, Australasian Physical & Engineering Sciencesin Medicine: 2012 Engineering and Physical Sciences in
Medicine Conference 36, p. 136–137 (2013). ＊Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Ampliﬁer to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,

Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Nakai Y., Nakano Y., Ikeda T., Kanai Y., KambaraT., Fukunishi N., Kondo C., Azuma T., Komaki K.,
and Yamazaki Y.: “Stark eﬀect in resonant coherent
excitation of 2s electron of Li-like Fe23+ ions channeling in a Si crystal”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods
in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with
Materials and Atoms 299, p. 1029–1034 (2013). ＊Okuno H., Fukunishi N., Kuboki H., Hasebe H., Imao H.,
Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Charge strippers for Radioisotope Beam Factory at RIKEN”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 945–949 (2013).
＊
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
＊
Hasebe H., Kuboki H., Okuno H., Imao H., Yamane I.,
Fukunishi N., Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Development of a new foil compounded from carbon nanotubes
and sputterdeposition carbon”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 1013–1018 (2014). ＊Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “Charge-stripping system for
238U ion beam with recirculating He gas”, Journal ofradioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 941–944(2014). ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Fukasaku K.,
Furuta T., Takagi S., Noda S., and Himeno R.: “Diffusion suppression in gel dosimetry by addition of nanoclay”, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (WC2012), Beijing, China, May (2012).
Maeyama T., Fukunishi N., Ishikawa K.L., Fukasaku K.,
Furuta T., Takagi S., Noda S., and Himeno R.: “Diffusion suppression in gel dosimetry by addition of nanoclay”, World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering (WC2012), Sydney, Australia, Novem-- 493 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)ber (2012).
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Okuno H., HigurashiY., Kamigaito O., and Kase M.: “Operation of the RF
system for heavy ion accelerators in RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, Accelerator Reliability Workshop 2013 (ARW2013), (Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia,
April (2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “R&D of Helium Gas Stripper
for Intense Uranium Beams”, 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Watanabe T., Fukunishi N., Kase M., Kamigaito O.,
Inamori S., and Kon K.: “Development of a beam current monitor that uses a high-Tc SQUID at RIBF”,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH PGI-5 Colloquium,(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH), Jülich , Germany,
September (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “フリッケゲル線量計による炭素線の線量分布測定”, 第 54 回放射線化学討論会, (日本放射線化学会), 大阪, 9 月 (2011).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “ナノクレイ添加による拡散のない
ゲル線量計の開発”, 第 103 回日本医学物理学会学術大会,- 494 -

(日本医学物理学会), 横浜, 4 月 (2012).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “炭素線治療における VIPAR ポリ
マーゲル線量計を用いた線量分布測定・検証の検討”, 第104 回日本医学物理学会学術大会, (日本医学物理学会), つくば, 9 月 (2012).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “ゲル線量計による重粒子線線量分
布測定”, 第 1 回 3D ゲル線量計研究会, (林慎一郎（広島国際大学 診療放射線学科）
・村上祐司（広島大学病院 放射線治療科）), 広島, 12 月 (2012).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “炭素線治療におけるゲル線量計を用いた線量分布測定とシミュレーションとの比較”, 第 16回弥生研究会～放射線効果の解明と応用～, (東京大学、勝村・工藤研究室), 東京, 3 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “重粒子線線量分布測定のための
VIPAR ポリマーゲル線量計の特性評価”, 第 60 回応用物理学会春季学術講演会, (応用物理学会), 神奈川, 3 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎: “炭素線治療における VIPAR ポリ
マーゲル線量計を用いた線量分布測定・検証の検討 (2)”,
第 105 回日本医学物理学会学術大会, (日本医学物理学会),
横浜, 4 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “LET 依存性のないゲル線量計の開発”, 平成 24 年度 HIMAC 共同利用研究成果
発表会, (放射線医学総合研究所), 千葉, 4 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “PHITS コードを用いた炭素線照射時の VIPAR ゲル線量計の特性評価と線量分布評価”, 第 9 回 PHITS 定期講習会/研究会, (日本原子力研
究開発機構), 茨城, 8 月 (2013).
藤縄雅, 山口由高, 山澤秀行, 眞家武士, 熊谷桂子, 若杉昌徳:“理研 RIBF 稀少 RI リングの付帯設備”, 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
長谷部裕雄, 久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, 今尾浩士, 山根功, 福西暢尚, 加瀬 昌之, 上垣外 修一: “カ ー ボ ン ナ ノ チュー ブ とカーボン蒸着複合膜の開発”, 第 45 回 フラーレン・ナノ
チューブ・グラフェン 総合シンポジウム, (フラーレン・
ナノチューブ・グラフェン学会), 大阪, 8 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “炭素線照射におけるゲル線量計の LET 依存性”, 第 56 回放射線化学討論会, (日本放射線化学会、日本化学会), 広島, 9 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “ナノクレイを添加した
ゲル線量計の開発”, 第 56 回放射線化学討論会, (電気学会、
ナノメディシンに向けた光・量子ビーム応用技術調査専門委員会，ナノ学会 ナノ機能・応用部会 研究会，日本生体医工学会専門別委員会 次世代治療技術開発の為の細胞
組織・分子機能計測・制御研究会), 埼玉, 11 月 (2013).
前山拓哉: “フリッケゲル線量計入門”, 第 2 回 3D ゲル線量計研究会, (林慎一郎（広島国際大学 診療放射線学科）
・小2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

西良幸（東京女子医科大学 先端生命医科学研究所）), 東京, 12 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “フリッケゲル線量計の拡散抑制と線質効果の抑制”, 第 2 回 3D ゲル線量計研究会, (林慎一郎（広島国際大学 診療放射線学科）
・小西良幸（東京女子医科大学 先端生命医科学研究所）), 東京, 12 月
(2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “有機無機複合ゲルをフリッケ水溶液線量計に浸した三次元線量計の開発”, 第 17回弥生研究会～放射線効果の解明と応用～, (東京大学、勝村・工藤研究室), 東京, 12 月 (2013).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “粒子線三次元線量分布評価のためのフリッケ・ナノコンポジッドゲル線量計”, 第七回原子力発電所事故に関連する放射線・放射能計測技術
調査専門委員会, (電気学会), 東京, 1 月 (2014).
奥野広樹: “大強度重イオンビーム照射時の He ガスの発光機
構”, 「プラズマ分光と素過程研究の深化と展開」研究会,(核融合科学研究所), 岐阜, 1 月 (2014).
前山拓哉, 福西暢尚, 石川顕一, 古田琢哉, 深作和明, 高木周,野田茂穂, 姫野龍太郎, 福田茂一: “ゲル線量計におけるLET 効果”, 先端放射線化学シンポジウム, (日本放射線化学会、応用物理学会放射線分科会（放射線物理学研究会）), 東京, 3 月 (2014).

- 495 -

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Cryogenic Technology Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Okuno H., Fukunishi N., and Kamigaito O.: “Progress of
RIBF Accelerators”, Progress of Theoretical and Experimental Physics 2012, No. 1, 03C002 (2012). ＊Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Ampliﬁer to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Kuboki H., Okuno H., Hershcovitch A., Ikegami K., Imao
H., Kase M., Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Nakagawa
T., Hasebe H., Maie T., and Yano Y.: “Development
of diﬀerential pumping system using plasma window”,
Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 299, p.
1029–1034 (2013). ＊Okuno H., Fukunishi N., Kuboki H., Hasebe H., Imao H.,
Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Charge strippers for Radioisotope Beam Factory at RIKEN”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 945–949 (2013).
＊
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
＊
Hasebe H., Kuboki H., Okuno H., Imao H., Yamane I.,
Fukunishi N., Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Develop-

ment of a new foil compounded from carbon nanotubes
and sputterdeposition carbon”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 1013–1018 (2014). ＊Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “Charge-stripping system for
238U ion beam with recirculating He gas”, Journal ofradioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 941–944(2014). ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Okuno H.: “Status Reports on the RIBF accelerators”,
RIBF users meeting, (RBF users group), Wako, Japan,
June (2013).
Okuno H., Dantsuka T., Ohnishi J., Nakamura M.: “Operational experience of the Superconducting Ring cyclotron at RI Beam Factory (RIBF) and upgrade plansfor RIBF accelerators”, The 23rd International conference on magnet technology, (International Organization
Committee of MT23), Boston, USA, July (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “R&D of Helium Gas Stripper
for Intense Uranium Beams”, 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Van-

- 496 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

couver, Canada, September (2013).
Okuno H.: “ RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory(Accelerators and Scientific Results) ”, 日中粒子線加速器科技シンポジウム, (日中科学技術交流協会), 上海、蘭州、北京, China, November. (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
奥野広樹: “理研 RI ビームファクトリーにおける重イオン加速器技術”, 先端加速器科学技術推進協議会 第２７回技術部会, (先端加速器科学技術推進協議会), 東京, 10 月 (2012).
藤縄雅, 山口由高, 山澤秀行, 眞家武士, 熊谷桂子, 若杉昌徳:“理研 RIBF 稀少 RI リングの付帯設備”, 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
今尾浩士, 奥野広樹, 久保木浩功: 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
長谷部裕雄, 久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, 今尾浩士, 山根功, 福西暢尚, 加瀬 昌之, 上垣外 修一: “カ ー ボ ン ナ ノ チュー ブ とカーボン蒸着複合膜の開発”, 第 45 回 フラーレン・ナノ
チューブ・グラフェン 総合シンポジウム, (フラーレン・
ナノチューブ・グラフェン学会), 大阪, 8 月 (2013).
久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, HershcovitchAdy, 池上九三男, 今尾浩士, 加瀬昌之, 上垣外修一, 段塚知志, 中川孝秀, 長谷部裕雄, 眞家武士, 矢野安重: “プラズマウィンドウを用いた
差動排気システムの開発”, プラズマ研究会, (日本電気学会), 長崎, 9 月 (2013).
奥野広樹: “大強度重イオンビーム照射時の He ガスの発光機
構”, 「プラズマ分光と素過程研究の深化と展開」研究会,(核融合科学研究所), 岐阜, 1 月 (2014).

- 497 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Infrastructure Management Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Fujinawa T.: “RIKEN Nishina Center’s Response to the
Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster: Radiation Screening”, Journal of Physical Science and Application 3, No.
1, p. 39–46 (2013). ＊Fujinawa T.: “Development of Cranes Used at Super-Sized
Accelerator Facility RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Journalof Material Science and Engineering A3, No. 9, p. 640–
645 (2013). ＊Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Arai S., Chiba Y.,
Kase M., Okuno H., Watanabe Y., and Kamigaito O.:“Design and construction of drift tube linac cavities for
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear. Instr. and Meth.
A 722, p. 55–64 (2013). ＊Fujinawa T.: “Development of Superconducting Maglev
Ground Coils”, Journal of Physical Science and Application, 4, No. 1, p. 36–42 (2014). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suda K., Arai S., Chiba Y., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Okuno
H., Watanabe Y., Sakamoto N., Yamada K.: “Designof Coupler for Direct Coupled Ampliﬁer to Drift Tube
Linac Cavities of the Injector RILAC2 for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Proceedings of the 26th International
Linear Accelerator Conference (LINAC12) p. 684–686(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., YamadaK., and Yamasawa H.: “Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, Proceedings ofthe 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference(IPAC2013) p. 333–335 (2013).
Kuboki H., Okuno H., Hershcovitch A., Ikegami K., Imao
H., Kase M., Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Nakagawa
T., Hasebe H., Maie T., and Yano Y.: “Development
of diﬀerential pumping system using plasma window”,
Journal of Radioanalytical Nuclear Chemistry 299, p.
1029–1034 (2013). ＊Okuno H., Fukunishi N., Kuboki H., Hasebe H., Imao H.,
Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Charge strippers for Radioisotope Beam Factory at RIKEN”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 945–949 (2013).
＊
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nuclear Instruments andMethods in Physics Research B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
＊
Hasebe H., Kuboki H., Okuno H., Imao H., Yamane I.,
Fukunishi N., Kase M., and Kamigaito O.: “Development of a new foil compounded from carbon nanotubes
and sputterdeposition carbon”, Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 1013–1018 (2014). ＊Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “Charge-stripping system for
238U ion beam with recirculating He gas”, Journal ofradioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 299, p. 941–944(2014). ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Suda K., Sakamoto N., Yamada K., Okuno H., HigurashiY., Kamigaito O., and Kase M.: “Operation of the RF
system for heavy ion accelerators in RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, Accelerator Reliability Workshop 2013 (ARW2013), (Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia,
April (2013).
Fujinawa T.: “Cogeneration system for RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, Accelarator Reliability Workshop 2013,(Australian Synchrotron), Melbourne, Australia, April(2013).
Kamigaito O., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Fukunishi N., Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K.,
Ikezawa E., Imao H., Kageyama T., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Watanabe H., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “ Progress towards High-intensity
Heavy-ion beams at RIKEN RIBF”, The 4th International Particle Accelerator Conference (IPAC2013), (International Organization Committee of IPAC13), Shanghai, China, May (2013).
Fujinawa T.: “The Major Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Disaster”, The 11th International Workshop of the IEIEJ,(IEIEJ), Osaka, Japan, September (2013).
Fukunishi N., Dantsuka T., Fujimaki M., Fujinawa T.,
Hasebe H., Higurashi Y., Ikegami K., Ikezawa E., Imao
H., Kageyama T., Kamigaito O., Kase M., Kidera
M., Komiyama M., Kuboki H., Kumagai K., Maie
T., Nagase M., Nakagawa T., Nakamura M., OhnishiJ., Okuno H., Ozeki K., Sakamoto N., Suda K.,
Uchiyama A., Watanabe T., Watanabe Y., Yamada K.,
and Yamasawa H.: “Accleration of intense heavy ion
beams in RIBF cascaded-cyclotrons”, 20th International- 498 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Imao H., Okuno H., Kuboki H., Kamigaito O., Hasebe
H., Fukunishi N., Watanabe Y., Fujimaki M., Maie T.,
Dantsuka T., Kumagai K., Yamada K., Watanabe T.,
Kase M., and Yano Y.: “R&D of Helium Gas Stripper
for Intense Uranium Beams”, 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications, (International Organizaing Committee of 20th International
Conference on Cyclotrons and their Applications), Vancouver, Canada, September (2013).
Watanabe T., Fukunishi N., Kase M., Kamigaito O.,
Inamori S., and Kon K.: “Development of a beam current monitor that uses a high-Tc SQUID at RIBF”,
Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH PGI-5 Colloquium,(Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH), Jülich , Germany,
September (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
藤縄雅, 山口由高, 山澤秀行, 眞家武士, 熊谷桂子, 若杉昌徳:“理研 RIBF 稀少 RI リングの付帯設備”, 第 10 回日本加速器学会年会, (日本加速器学会), 名古屋, 8 月 (2013).
長谷部裕雄, 久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, 今尾浩士, 山根功, 福西暢尚, 加瀬 昌之, 上垣外 修一: “カ ー ボ ン ナ ノ チュー ブ とカーボン蒸着複合膜の開発”, 第 45 回 フラーレン・ナノ
チューブ・グラフェン 総合シンポジウム, (フラーレン・
ナノチューブ・グラフェン学会), 大阪, 8 月 (2013).
久保木浩功, 奥野広樹, HershcovitchAdy, 池上九三男, 今尾浩士, 加瀬昌之, 上垣外修一, 段塚知志, 中川孝秀, 長谷部裕雄, 眞家武士, 矢野安重: “プラズマウィンドウを用いた
差動排気システムの開発”, プラズマ研究会, (日本電気学会), 長崎, 9 月 (2013).
藤縄雅: “理研 RI ビームファクトリー 稀少 RI リングの建設”, 日本大学生産工学部第 46 回学術講演会, (日本大学生産工学部), 日本大学生産工学部津田沼校舎, 12 月 (2013).

- 499 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SLOWRI Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Arai F., Ito Y., Wada M., Schury P., Sonoda T., Mita H.:“Investigation of the ion surﬁng transport method witha circular rf carpet”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 362, 56(2014). ＊Schury P., Wada M., Ito Y., Arai F., Naimi S., Sonoda
T., Wollnik H., Shchepunov V. A., Smorra C., Yuan
C.: “A high-resolution multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight
mass spectrograph for precision mass measurements at
RIKEN/SLOWRI”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys.
Res. B 335, 39 (2014). ＊Schury P., Ito Y., Wada M., Wollnik M.: “Wide-band massmeasurements with a multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass
spectrograph”, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. 359, 19 (2014).
＊
Ito Y., Schury P., Wada M., Naimi S., Sonoda T.,
Mita H., Arai F., Takamine A., Okada K., Ozawa
A., Wollnik H.: “Single-reference high-precision massmeasurement with a multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass
spectrograph”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 011306 (2013). ＊Ito Y., Schury P., Wada M., Naimi S., Smorra C., SonodaT., Mita H., Arai F., Takamine A., Okada K., Ozawa
A., Wollnik H.: “A novel ion cooling trap for multireﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass spectrograph”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 317, 544 (2013). ＊Jordan D.,Algora A.,Taĺn J. L.,Rubio B.,Agramunt
J.,Perez-Cerdan A. B.,Molina ,F.Caballero L.,Nácher
E., Krasznahorkay A.,Hunyadi M. D.,Gulyás J.,Vitéz
A.,Csatlós M.,Csige L.,Äysto J.,Penttilä H.,Moore
I. D.,Eronen T.,Jokinen A.,Nieminen A.,Hakala
J.,Karvonen P.,Kankainen A.,Saastamoinen A.,Rissanen
J.,Kessler
T.,WeberC.,Ronkainen
J.,Rahaman
S.,Elomaa
V.,Hager
U.,Rinta-Antila
S.,Sonoda
T.,Burkard K.,Hüller W.,Batist L.,Gelletly W.,Nichols
A. L.,Yoshida T.,Sonzogni A. A.,Peräjärvi K.,Petrovici
A.,Schmid K. W., Faessler A.: “Total absorption studyof theβ decay of102,104,105Tc”, Phys. Rev. C 87,
044318 (2013). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Others）
Schury P., Wada M., Ito Y., Naimi S., Sonoda T., Mita H.,
Takamine A., Okada K., Wollnik H., Chon S., Haba H.,
Kaji D., Koura H., Miyatake H., Morimoto K., Morita
K., Ozawa A.: “A multi-reﬂection time-of-ﬂight mass
spectrograph for short-lived and super-heavy nuclei”,
Nucl. Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B, 317, 537-543(2013). ＊Wada M.: “Genealogy of gas cells for low-energy RI-beamproduction”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B,
317, 450-456 (2013). ＊Takatsuka T., Tomita H., Sonnenschein V., Sonoda T.,- 500 -

Adachi Y., Sakamoto C., Mita H., Noto T., Ito C.,
Maeda S., Iguchi T., Wada M., Wendt K., Moore I.:“Development of resonance ionization in a supersonicgas-jet for studies of short-lived and long-lived radioactive nuclei”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B,
317, 586-589 (2013). ＊Hirayama Y., Watanabe Y., Imai N., Ishiyama H., JeongS., Miyatake H., Oyaizu M., Kim Y., Mukai M., Matsuo
Y., Sonoda T., Wada M., Huyse M., Kudryavtsev Y.,
Duppen P.: “Oﬀ-line test of the KISS gas cell”, Nucl.
Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B, 317, 480-483 (2013).
＊
Yang X.F., Furukawa T., Wakui T., Imamura K., Tetsuka
H., Fujita T., Yamaguchi Y., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura
S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Ueno H.,
Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Control of stopping position of radioactive ion beam insuperﬂuid helium for laser spectroscopy experiments”,
Nucl. Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B, 317, 599-602(2013). ＊Imamura K., Furukawa T., Wakui T., Yang X.F.,
Yamaguchi Y., Tetsuka H., Mitsuya Y., Tsutsui Y.,
Fujita T., Ebara Y., Hayasaka Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi
Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., M., Arai S., Muramoto S.,
Hatakeyama A., Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi
T., Nishimura S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K.,
Ueno H., Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo
Y.: “Development of a helium cryostat for laser spectroscopy of atoms with unstable nuclei in superﬂuid helium”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B, 317,
595-598 (2013). ＊Furukawa T., Wakui T., Yang X.F., Fujita T., Imamura
K., Tetsuka H., Yamaguchi Y., Tsutsui Y., Mitsuya Y.,
Ichikawa Y., Ishibashi Y., Yoshida N., Shirai H., Ebara
Y., Hayasaka M., Arai S., Muramoto S., Hatakeyama A.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., Ito Y., Kobayashi T., Nishimura
S., Nishimura M., Kondo Y., Yoneda K., Ueno H.,
Shinozuka T., Shimoda T., Asahi K., Matsuo Y.: “Novel
nuclear laser spectroscopy method using superﬂuid helium for measurement of spins and moments of exotic
nuclei”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth in Phys. Res. B, 317,
590-594 (2013). ＊Takatsuka T., Tomita H., Sonoda T., Sonnenschein V.,
Sakamoto C., Mita H., Noto T., Ito C., Maeda S., IguchiT., Wada M., Wendt K., Moore I.: “Development of highresolution resonance ionization mass spectrometry fortrace analysis of 93m Nb”, Hyperﬁne Interactions, 216,
41 (2013). ＊Sonoda T., Wada M., Tomita H., Sakamoto C., TakatsukaT., Noto T., Iimura H., Matsuo Y., Kubo T., ShinozukaT., Wakui T., Mita H., Naimi S., Furukawa T., Ito
Y., Schury P., Miyatake H., Jeong S., Ishiyama H.,

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Watanabe Y.: “Development of a gas cell-based laser
ion source for RIKEN PALIS”, Hyperfine Interactions,
216, 103 (2013). ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Schury P.: “Status and Future of Multi-Reflection Timeof-Flight Mass Measurements at RIKEN: r-process andSuper Heavy Elements”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop, (RIKEN), Saitama, Dec. (2013).
Schury P.: “Multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph for extremely fast, high-precision mass measurements”, 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference,(Palazzo dei Congressi), Firenze, Italy, June (2013).
Sonoda T.: “Parasitic production of slow RI-beam fromBigRIPS by laser ionization gas catcher”, International
Expert Meeting on In-Flight Separators and Related Issues Challenges and Solutions of the Present & Future
Facilities, (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan, Dec. (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
新井郁也, 和田道治, Schury Peter, 伊藤由太, 園田哲, Wollnik
Hermann: “高エネルギー RI 用ガスキャッチャーのための
高圧下における ion surfing 型 RF カーペットの性能評価”,
日本物理学会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
Schury Peter, 伊藤 由太, 和田 道治, Wollnik Hermann,:“Wide-band operation of a multi-reflection time-of-flightmass spectrograph”, 日本物理学会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).
伊藤由太, Schury Peter, 和田道治, 新井郁也, 加治大哉, 森本
幸司, 園田哲, Wollnik Hermann: “MRTOF-MS を用いた
超ウラン元素の精密直接質量測定”, 日本物理学会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
伊藤由太, 和田道治, Schury Peter, 新井郁也, 園田哲, Wollnik
Hermann: “SLOWRI クーラーバンチャーのための低圧下における ion surfing 型 RF カーペットの性能評価”, 日本
物理学会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
篠塚勉，涌井崇志，松尾由賀利，古川武，宮武宇也，石山博恒，
今井伸明，平山賀一，渡辺裕，鄭淳讃，岡田邦宏，伊藤由太，
中尾愛子園田哲, 和田道治, 飯村秀紀, 上野秀樹, 富田英生,
足立 義貴, 高塚 卓旦, Wendt Klaus, 久保 敏幸, 若杉 昌徳,
日下健祐, 眞家武士, 山澤秀行, 藤縄雅, 片山一郎, 新井郁也,
Schury Peter, 篠塚勉, 涌井崇志, 松尾由賀利, 古川武, 宮武宇也, 石山博恒, 今井伸明, 平山賀一, 渡辺裕, 鄭淳讃, 岡田
邦宏, 伊藤由太, 中尾愛子: “RIBF-SLOWRI 共鳴イオン化
レーザーイオン源 (PALIS) の開発とレーザー核分光への応用”, 日本物理学会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
和田道治: “SLOWRI の現状と計画”, 第７回停止・低速不安定核ビームを用いた核分光研究会, (理研), 埼玉, 3 月(2014).
園田哲: “パラサイト低速 RI ビーム生産とレーザー核分光への応用”, 第７回停止・低速不安定核ビームを用いた核分光研究会, (理研), 埼玉, 3 月 (2014).
伊藤 由太:“Future MRTOF-based experiments at
SLOWRI”, 第 ７ 回 停 止・低 速 不 安 定 核 ビ ー ム を 用 い
た核分光研究会, (理研), 埼玉, 3 月 (2014).

- 501 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Rare RI-ring Team
Publications[Book・Proceedings](Original Papers)
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzakiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., and Yano Y.:“Construction of rare-RI ring at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B317, p. 629–635 (2013).
Suzaki F., Zenihiro J., Yamaguchi T., Ozawa A.,
Uesaka T., Wakasugi M., Yamada K., Yamaguchi Y.,
and rare-RI ring collaboration:“Design study of a resonant Schottky pick-up for the
Rare-RI Ring project”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B317, p.
636–639 (2013).
Nagae D., Okada S., Ozawa A., Yamaguchi T., Suzuki H.,
Moriguchi T., Ishibashi Y., Fukuoka S., Nishikiori R.,
Niwa T., Suzuki T., Sato K., Furuki H., Ichihashi N.,
Miyazawa S., Yamaguchi Y., Uesaka T., and Wakasugi
M.:“Time-of-ﬂight detector applied to mass measurements
in Rare-RI Ring”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B317, p. 640–
643 (2013).
Yamaguchi T., Yamaguchi Y., Ozawa A.:“The challenge of precision mass measurements of shortlived exotic nuclei: Development of a new storage-ringmass spectrometry”, International Journal of Mass Spectrometr 349–350, p. 240–246 (2013).
Yamaguchi T., Izumikawa T., Miyazawa S., Suzuki T.,
Tokanai F., Furuki H., Ichihashi N., Ichikawa C.,
Kitagawa A., Kuboki T., Momota S., Nagae D.,
Nagashima M., Nakamura Y., Nishikiori R., OhtsuboT., Ozawa A., Sato K., Sato S., and Suzuki S.:“Performance of high-resolution position-sensitive detectors developed for storage-ring decay experiments”, Nucl.
Instrum. Methods B317, p. 697–700 (2013).
Abe Y., Nagae D., and rare-RI ring collaboration:“Developments of time-of-ﬂight detectors for Rare-RI
Ring”, Proceedings of the 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference 1, p. 013059 (2013).
Suzaki F., Yamaguchi T., and rare-RI ring collaboration:“Time-of-ﬂight detector applied to mass measurements
in Rare-RI Ring”, Proceedings of the 12th Asia Paciﬁc
Physics Conference 1, p. 013058 (2013).

September (2013).
Yamaguchi T.: “Rare-RI Ring project in RIKEN”, SinoGerman Symposium on (High precision experimentswith stored exotic and stable nuclei), Lanzhou, CHINA,CHINA, November (2013).
Yamaguchi Y., and rare-RI ring collaboration: “Construction status of the Rare-RI Ring”, RIBF Users Meeting
2013, Wako, JAPAN, June (2013).
Ozawa A., and rare-RI ring collaboration: “Rare-RI Ringfor Mass measurements at RIBF”, The 12th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolutionof Galaxies (OMEG12), Tsukuba, JAPAN, November(2013).
(Domestic Conference)
阿部康志, 長江大輔, 岡田俊祐, 小沢顕, 山口貴之, 石橋陽子,
斉藤祐多, 沢畑克樹, 鈴木健, 河野準平, 山木さやか, 山口
由高, 上坂友洋, 若杉昌徳: “稀少 RI リングのビームモニ
ターの開発”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (日本物理学会), 高知市, 9 月 (2013).
洲嵜 ふみ, 銭廣 十三, 小沢 顕, 鈴木 健, 上坂 友洋, 若杉 昌徳,
山田 一成, 山口 貴之, 山口 由高: “稀 少 RI リ ン グ の 共 鳴ショットキーピックアップ設計のための電磁場シミュレーション”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (日本物理学会), 高知市, 9 月 (2013).
洲嵜 ふみ, 銭廣 十三, 小沢 顕, 鈴木 健, 上坂 友洋, 若杉 昌徳,
山田 一成, 山口 貴之, 山口 由高: “稀 少 RI リ ン グ の 共 鳴ショットキーピックアップの性能試験”, 日本物理学会 第69 回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 平塚市, 3 月 (2014).

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Wakasugi M., and rare-RI ring collaboration: “Construction of the Rare RI Ring (R3) at the RIKEN RI Beam
Factory”, The 20th International Conference on Cyclotrons and Their Applications, Vancouver, CANADA,- 502 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SCRIT Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Wakasugi M., Ohnishi T., Wang S., Miyashita Y., AdachiT., Amagai T., Enokizono A., Enomoto A., Haraguchi
Y., Hara M., Hori T., Ichikawa S., Kikuchi T., Kitazawa
R., Koizumi K., Kurita K., Miyamoto T., Ogawara
R., Shimakura Y., Takehara H., Tamae T., Tamaki S.,
Togasaki M., Yamaguchi T., Yanagi K., Suda T.: “Construction of the SCRIT electron scattering facility at the
RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B, 317,
668–673, (2013).*
Ogawara R., Ohnishi T., Togasaki M., Tamaki S.,
Miyashita Y., Takehara H., Koizumi K., Kurita K.,
Wakasugi M., Yamaguchi T., Yanagi K., Suda T.: “Iontrapping properties of SCRIT”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B,
317, 674–678, (2013).*
Ohnishi T., Ichikawa S., Koizumi K., Kurita K., MiyashitaY., Ogawara R., Tamaki S., Togasaki M., Wakasugi M.:“Electron-beam-driven RI separator for SCRIT (ERIS)at RIKEN RI beam factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B,
317, 357–360, (2013).*
Wakasugi M., Ohnishi T., Suda T., Kurita K.: “Development of a Femto Scope for Short-Lived Unstable Nuclei”,
BUTSURI, 68, 810–817, (2013).*
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Enokizono A., “SCRIT Electron Scattering Facility at
RIKEN ”, Asia Pacific Physics Conference 12, (The Association of Asia Pacific Physical Societies), Makuhari,
Chiba, July (2013).
Suda T., “Electron Scattering for Exotic Nuclei”, International Symposium on Nuclear Physics, (Bhabha Atomic
Research Center), Mumbai, India, December (2013).
Suda T., “Electron Scattering for Exotic Nuclei”,
Strangeness Nuclear Physics Winter Schhol, (Tohoku
University), Sendai, Japan, Feburary (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
宮本嵩也: “SCRIT 実験のための Spectrometer の磁場測定及び解析”, 原子核素粒子三者若手夏の学校, (原子核素粒子
三者若手), 蒲郡市, 愛知, 8 月 (2013).
須田利美: “電子散乱による不安定核構造の研究”
集中講義, (大阪大学), 大阪, 6 月 (2013).
島倉優人, 市川進一, 榎園昭智, 大西哲哉, 栗田和好, 鷲見洋平,
戸ケ崎衛, 原雅弘, 原口祐司, 松尾咲希, 若杉昌徳: “SCRIT
電子散乱実験における反跳核検出器の開発”
日本物理学会第６９回年次大会, (日本物理学会), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).

- 503 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Research Instruments Group
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Suzuki H., Kubo T., Fukuda N., Inabe N., Kameda D.,
Takeda H., Yoshida K., Kusaka K., Yanagisawa Y.,
Ohtake M., Sato H., Shimizu Y., Baba H., Kurokawa
M., Ohnishi T., Tanaka K., Tarasov O.B., Bazin D.,
Morrissey D.J., Sherrill B.M., Ieki K., Murai D., Iwasa
N., Chiba A., Ohkoda Y., Ideguchi E., Go S., YokoyamaR., Fujii T., Nishimura D., Nishibata H., Momota S.,
Lewitowicz M., DeFrance G., Celikovic I., Steiger K.:“Production cross section measurement of radioactive
isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 756–768 (2013). ＊Fukuda N., Kubo T., Ohnishi T., Inabe N., Takeda H.,
Kameda D., Suzuki H.: “Identiﬁcation and separationof radioactive isotope beams by the BigRIPS separator
at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B
317, 323–332 (2013). ＊Yoshida K., Fukuda N., Yanagisawa Y., Inabe N, Mizoi
Y., Kubo T.: “High-power beam dump system for the
BigRIPS fragment separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 373–380 (2013). ＊Kumagai H., Ohnishi T., Fukuda N., Takeda H., Kameda
D., Inabe N., Yoshida K., Kubo T.: “Development of
Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (PPAC) for BigRIPS
fragment separator”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 717–
727 (2013). ＊Takeda H,, Kubo T., Kusaka K., Suzuki H., Inabe N.,
Nolen J.A.: “Extraction of 3D ﬁeld maps of magnetic
multipoles from 2D surface measurements with applications to the optics calculations of the large-acceptancesuperconducting fragment separator BigRIPS” Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 798–809 (2013). ＊Tanaka K., Inabe N., Yoshida K, Kusaka K., Kubo T.:“Pillow seal system at the BigRIPS separator”, Nucl.
Instr. Meth. B 317, 734–738 (2013). ＊Nishi T., Berg G.P.A., Dozono M., Fujioka H., Fukuda
N., Furuno T., Geissel H., Hayano R.S., Inabe N.,
Itahashi K., Itoh S., Kameda D., Kubo T., Matsubara
H., Michimasa S., Miki K., Miya H., Murakami Y.,
Nakamura M., Nakatsuka N., Noji S., Okochi K., Ota
S., Suzuki H., Suzuki K., Takaki M., Takeda H., Tanaka
Y.K., Todoroki K., Tsukada K., Uesaka T., Watanabe
Y.N., Weick H., Yamada H., Yoshida K.: “BigRIPS asa high resolution spectrometer for pionic atoms”, Nucl.
Instr. Meth. B 317, 290–293 (2013). ＊Ichikawa Y., Ueno H., Ishii Y., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A.,
Kameda D., Watanabe H., Aoi N., Asahi K., Balabanski
D.L., Chevrier R., Daugas J.M., Fukuda N., Georgiev
G., Hayashi H., Iijima H., Inabe N., Inoue T., Ishihara
M., Kubo T., Nanao T., Ohnishi T., Suzuki K., TsuchiyaM., Takeda H., Rajabali M.M.: “Spin-aligned RI beams- 504 -

via two-step fragmentation reactions”, Nucl. Instr.
Meth. B 317, 769–773 (2013). ＊Shimizu Y., Otsu H., Kobayashi T., Kubo T., Motobayashi
T., Sato H., Yoneda K.: “Vacuum system for the SAMURAI spectrometer”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 739–742(2013). ＊Kobayashi T., Chiga N., Isobe T., Kondo Y., Kubo T.,
Kusaka K., Motobayashi T., Nakamura T., Ohnishi J.,
Okuno H., Otsu H., Sako T., Sato H., Shimizu Y.,
Sekiguchi K., Takahashi K., Tanaka R., Yoneda K.:“SAMURAI spectrometer for RI beam experiments”,
Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 294–304 (2013). ＊Michimasa S., Takaki M., Sasamoto Y., Dozono M., Nishi
T., Kawabata T., Ota S., Baba H., Fujii T., Go S.,
Kawase S., Kikuchi Y., Kisamori K., Kobayashi M.,
Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Matsubara H., Miki K., Miya H.,
Noji S., Tokieda H., Tsumura M., Yako K., YokoyamaR., Takeda H., Yanagisawa Y., Kubo T., Inabe N.,
Fukuda N., Kameda D., Suzuki H., Shimizu Y., Sato
H., Ichihara T., Stolz A., Zegers R.G.T., Sakai H.,
Uesaka T., Shimoura S.: “SHARAQ spectrometer for
high-resolution studies for RI-induced reactions”, Nucl.
Instr. Meth. B 317, 305–310 (2013). ＊Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzukiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at RIKEN
RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 629–635(2013). ＊Yoshida A., Kambara T., Nakao A., Uemoto R., Uno
H., Nagano A., Yamaguchi H., Nakao T., Kahl D.,
Yanagisawa T., Kameda D., Ohnishi T., Fukuda N.,
Kubo T.: “Wear diagnostics of industrial material using RI beams of 7 Be and 22 Na”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B
317, 785–788 (2013). ＊Kusaka K., Ohtake M., Ohnishi T., Yoshida K., Kubo T.,
Ito H., Tsuchihashi T.: “Long-Term Operation of theSuperconducting Triplet Quadrupoles With Small Cryocoolers for BigRIPS In-Flight Separator and RI-Beam
Delivery Line at RIKEN” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. vol. 23, No.3, 4101305 (2013). ＊Watanabe H., Lorusso G., Nishimura S., Xu Z.Y.,
Sumikama T., Söderström P.-A., Doornenbal P., BrowneF., Gey G., Jung H.S., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Wu
J., Yagi A., Baba H., Benzoni G., Chae K.Y., Crespi
F.C.L., Fukuda N., Gernhäuser R., Inabe N., IsobeT., Jungclaus A., Kameda D., Kim G.D., Kim Y.K.,
Kojouharov I., Kondev F.G., Kubo T., Kurz N., Kwon
Y.K., Lane G.J., Li Z., Moon C.-B., Montaner-Pizá
A., Moschner K., Naqvi F., Niikura M., Nishibata
H., Nishimura D., Odahara A., Orlandi R., Patel Z.,
Podolyák Zs., Sakurai H., Schaﬀner H., Simpson G.S.,
Steiger K., Suzuki H., Takeda H., Wendt A., Yoshinaga

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

K.: “Isomers in 128 Pd and 126 Pd: Evidence for a Robust
Shell Closure at the Neutron Magic Number 82 in Exotic Palladium Isotopes”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 152501(2013). ＊Söderström P.A., Lorusso G., Watanabe H., Nishimura
S., Doornenbal P., Thiamova G., Browne F., Gey G.,
Jung H.S., Sumikama T., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Wu
J., Xu Z.Y., Baba H., Benzoni G., Chae K.Y., Crespi
F.C.L., Fukuda N., Gernhäuser R., Inabe N., IsobeT., Jungclaus A., Kameda D., Kim G.D., Kim Y.K.,
Kojouharov I., Kondev F.G., Kubo T., Kurz N., Kwon
Y.K., Lane G.J., Li Z., Montaner-Pizá A., MoschnerK., Naqvi F., Niikura M., Nishibata H., Odahara A.,
Orlandi R., Patel Z., Podolyák Zs., Sakurai H., Schaﬀner
H., Simpson G.S., Steiger K., Suzuki H., Takeda H.,
Wendt A., Yagi A., Yoshinaga K.: “Shape evolution in
116,118
Ru: Triaxiality and transition between the O(6)and U(5) dynamical symmetries”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
024301 (2013). ＊Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P.,
Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go
S., Honma M., Lee J., Matsui K., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H.,
Shiga Y., Sumikama T., Suzuki H., Taniuchi T., Utsuno
Y., Valiente-Dobon J.J., Yoneda K.: “Evidence for a
new nuclear ‘magic number’ from the level structure of
54
Ca” Nature 502, 207 (2013). ＊Ichikawa Y., Ueno H., Ishii Y., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A.,
Kameda D., Watanabe H., Aoi N., Asahi K., Balabanski
D.L., Chevrier R., Daugas J.M., Fukuda N., Georgiev
G., Hayashi H., Iijima H., Inabe N., Inoue T., Ishihara
M., Kubo T., Nanao T., Ohnishi T., Suzuki K., TsuchiyaM., Takeda H., Rajabali M.M.: “Novel method for the
production of spin-aligned RI beams in projectile fragmentation reaction with the dispersion matching technique”, Hyperﬁne Interact 220, 47–51 (2013). ＊（Review）
吉田光一, 久保敏幸, 日下健祐, 福田直樹, 柳澤善行, 竹田浩之,
稲辺尚人, 大竹政雄, 亀田大輔, 田中鐘信, 鈴木宏.: “理研の超伝導 RI ビーム生成装置 BigRIPS について”, 加速器
Vol. 10, 93–100 (2013).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Kubo T.: “Overview of the Search for New Isotopes and
New Isomers at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, International Nuclear Physics Conference INPC2013, Firenze,
Italy, June–June (2013).
Kameda D., Kubo T.: “Search for new isotopes and new
isomers using in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345 MeV/u 238 U
beam”, RIBF Users Meeting, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan,
June–June (2013).
Kubo T.: “Overview of the Experimental Facilities at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory (RIBF)”, Gordon Research
Conference on Nuclear Chemistry, (Colby-Sawyer Col-lege), New London, USA, June–June (2013).
Kubo T.: “Observation of New Isotopes and New Isomers
at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 33rd Mazurian Lakes
Conference on Physics ”Frontiers in Nuclear Physics”,
Piaski, Poland, September–September, (2013).
Kameda D., Kubo T.: “New isomers in the neutron-richrare earth region by in-ﬂight ﬁssion of 345 MeV/nucleon
238
U” RCNP international workshop on Physics Opportunities using Compton Suppressed Ge Clover Array (CAGRA13), (RCNP), Osaka, Japan, DecemberDecember (2013).
Kameda D., Kubo T.: “Search for new isotopes and new
isomers using in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238 U
beam at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 16th ASRC International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Structure of
Exotic Nuclei, (Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)),
Tokai, Japan, March–March, (2014).
(Domestic Conference)
南方亮吾, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Achouri N.L., Aumann T.,
馬場秀忠, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, GibelinJ., Huang J., 稲辺 尚人, 磯部 忠昭, 亀田 大輔, 簡野 大輝,
Kim S., 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, Leblond S., Lee
J., Marques M., 本林 透, 村井 大地, 村上 哲也, 武藤 琴美,
中嶋 丈嘉, 中塚 徳継, Navin A., 西征 爾郎, 生越 駿, Orr
N.A., 大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏,
高橋 賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ
A.G., Vandebrouck M., 米田健一郎.: “22 C のクーロン分
解反応”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈
川, 3 月 (2014).
生越駿, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Achouri N.L., Aumann T., 馬場
秀忠, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, Gibelin J.,
Huang J., 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Kim
S., 小林 信之, 小林 俊雄, 久保 敏幸, Leblond S., Lee J.,
Marques M., 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤
琴美, 中嶋丈嘉, 中塚徳継, Navin A., 西征爾郎, Orr N.A.,
大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏, 高橋
賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ A.G.,
Vandebrouck M., 米田健一郎.: “19 B のクーロン分解反応”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).
近藤洋介, 中村隆司, Achouri N.L., Aumann T., 馬場秀忠,
Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, Gibelin J., Huang
J., 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Kim S., 小林信之, 小林 俊雄, 久保 敏幸, Leblond S., Lee J., MarquesM., 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤琴美, 中嶋
丈嘉, 中塚 徳継, Navin A., 西征 爾郎, 生越 駿, Orr N.A.,
大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏, 高橋
賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ A.G.,
Vandebrouck M., 米田健一郎.: “25 C,26 C 非束縛状態の探索”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).
小林信之, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Tostevin J.A., 宇都野穣, 青井
考, 馬場秀忠, Barthelemy R., 福田直樹, Lee G., Lee H.S.,
稲辺 尚人, 石原 正泰, Kanungo r., 久保 敏幸, Kim S.J.,
Famiano M., 松下昌史, 本林透, 大西哲哉, Orr N.A., 大津- 505 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

秀暁, 大塚孝治, 櫻井博儀, 佐古貴行, 炭竃聡之, 佐藤義輝,
高橋好太郎, 竹田浩之, 武内聡, 田中隆己, 栂野泰宏, 米田
健一郎.: “分解反応を用いた中性子過剰な Mg 同位体の研究”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).
川瀬頌一郎, 上坂友洋, 下浦享, 矢向謙太郎, 大田晋輔, 道正
新一郎, 時枝 紘史 宮 裕之, Leung T.T., 木佐森 慶一, 高木
基伸, 久保田悠樹, 李清秀, 横山輪, 藤井俊彦, 小林幹, 笹野匡紀, 銭廣 十三, 松原 礼明, 堂園 昌伯, Lee J., 酒井 英行,
久保敏幸, 吉田光一, 稲辺尚人, 柳澤善行, 竹田浩之, 日下健祐, 福田 直樹, 亀田 大輔, 鈴木 宏, 河原 朋美, 涌井 崇志,
坂口 聡志, 野呂 哲夫, 若狹 智嗣, 安田 淳平, 福永 拓, 前田
幸重, Kim W.Y., Hwang S.H., Stepanyan S., ObertelliA., Galindo-Uribarri A., Padilla-Rodal E., Beaumel D.:“準弾性 A O(p,2p) 反応による窒素同位体の陽子一空孔状態の核分光”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学),
神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
西 隆博, Berg G.P.A., 堂園 昌伯, 福田 直樹, 古野 達也, 藤岡
宏之, Geissel H., 早野龍五, 稲辺尚人, 板橋健太, 伊藤聖,
亀田 大輔, 久保 敏幸, 松原 礼明, 道正 新一郎, 三木 謙二郎,
宮裕之, 中村祐喜, 村上洋平, 中塚徳継, 野地俊平, 大河内公太, 大田晋輔, 鈴木宏, 鈴木謙 高木基伸, 竹田浩之, 田中
良樹, 轟孔一, 塚田暁, 上坂友洋, 渡辺珠以, Weick H., 山田裕之, 吉田光一.: “(d,3 He) 反応を用いたπ中間子原子の精
密分光 (10)“, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学),
神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
宮崎卓也, 大津秀暁, Nikolskii E.Y., 志賀慶明, 西村美月, 武内
聡, 佐藤義輝, 黒川明子, 馬場秀忠, Lorusso G., 磯部忠昭,
新倉 潤, Kuzmin E.A., Korsheninnikov A.A., Ogloblin
A.A., Krupko S.A., Golovkov M.S., Bezbakh A.A,
Slepnev R.S., Fomichev A.S., Sidorchuk S.I., Gorshkov
A.V., Knyazev A.G., Papka P., JinØ.H., Kim S. Hwang
J., Choi S., Chae H., Kim E., Kim Y., Lubos D.,
Beaumel D., Söderström P.A., 坂口 聡志, 久保野 茂,
Perrevoort A.K., Milman E., Chebotaryov S., PowellW., 本林 透, 米田 健一郎, 櫻井 博儀.: “欠 損 質 量 核 分 光による 8 C 核励起状態の探索”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次
大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
西 隆博, Berg G.P.A., 堂園 昌伯, 福田 直樹, 古野 達也, 藤岡
宏之, Geissel H., 早野龍五, 稲辺尚人, 板橋健太, 伊藤聖,
亀田 大輔, 大河内 公太, 久保 敏幸, 松原 礼明, 道正 新一郎,
三木謙二郎, 宮裕之, 中村祐喜, 村上洋平, 中塚徳継, 野地
俊平, 大田晋輔, 鈴木宏, 鈴木謙 高木基伸, 竹田浩之, 田中
良樹, 轟孔一, 塚田暁, 上坂友洋, 渡辺珠以, Weick H., 山田裕之, 吉田光一.: “(d,3 He) 反応を用いたπ中間子原子の精
密分光 (9)“, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学),
高知, 9 月 (2013).
宮裕之, 下浦享, 木佐森慶一, 馬場秀忠, 馬場辰雄, 堂園昌伯,
福田直樹, 藤井俊彦, 郷慎太郎, 井手口栄治, 稲辺尚人, 伊藤
正俊, 亀田大輔, 川畑貴裕, 川瀬頌一郎, 久保敏幸, 久保田悠樹, 小林幹, 近藤洋介, 李清秀, 前田幸重, 松原礼明, 三木
謙二郎, 道正 新一郎, 西隆 博, 西村 美月, 大田 晋輔, 坂口
聡志, 酒井 英行, 笹野 匡紀, 佐藤 広海, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏,
高木 基伸, 民井 淳, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 時枝 紘史, 村 美保,
上坂友洋, 柳沢善行, 矢向謙太郎, 横山輪, 吉田光一, Assie- 506 -

M., Beaumel D., Fariouz H., Stolz A.: “発熱型荷電交換反応 (8 He,8 Li γ) を用いた 4 He 核のスピン・アイソスピン
応答の研究”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学),
高知, 9 月 (2013).
木佐森慶一, 下浦享, 宮裕之, 馬場秀忠, 馬場辰彦, 堂園昌伯,
福田直樹, 藤井俊彦, 郷慎太郎, 井手口栄治, 稲辺尚人, 伊藤
正俊, 亀田大輔, 川畑貴裕, 川瀬頌一郎, 久保敏幸, 久保田悠樹, 小林幹, 近藤洋介, 李清秀, 前田幸重, 松原礼明, 三木
謙二郎, 道正 新一郎, 西 隆博, 西村 美月, 大田 晋輔, 坂口
聡志, 酒井 英行, 笹野 匡紀, 佐藤 広海, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏,
高木基伸, 民井淳, 竹田浩之, 武内聡, 時枝紘史, 津村美保,
上坂友洋, 柳沢善行, 矢向謙太郎, 横山輪, 吉田光一, Assie
M., Beaumel D., Fariouz H., Stolz A.: “二重荷電交換反応をもちいた 4 中性子系質量欠損核分光実験”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
園田哲, 和田道治, 飯村秀紀, 上野秀樹, 富田英生, 足立義貴,
高塚卓旦, Wendt K., 久保敏幸, 若杉昌徳, 日下健祐, 眞家
武士, 山澤 秀行, 藤縄 雅, 片山 一郎, 新井 郁也, Schury P.,
篠塚勉, 涌井崇志, 松尾由賀利, 古川武, 宮武宇也, 石山博恒,
今井伸明, 平山賀一, 渡辺裕, 鄭淳讃, 岡田邦宏, 伊藤由太,
中尾愛子, “RIBF-SLOWRI 共鳴イオン化レーザーイオン
源 (PALIS) の開発とレーザー核分光への応用”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
石元茂, 小澤顕, 小林俊雄, 鈴木祥仁, 田中純貴, 谷畑勇夫, 森本
喜三夫, Sanetullaev A., Kanungo R.: “TRIUMF-IRIS 実
験用窓なし固体水素ターゲットの開発”, 日本物理学会 2013年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
南方亮吾, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Achouri N.L., Aumann T.,
馬場秀忠, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, GibelinJ., Huang J., 稲辺 尚人, 磯部 忠昭, 亀田 大輔, 簡野 大輝,
Kim S., 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, Leblond S., Lee
J., Marques M., 本林 透, 村井 大地, 村上 哲也, 武藤 琴美,
中嶋 丈嘉, 中塚 徳継, Navin A., 西征 爾郎, 生越 駿, Orr
N.A., 大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏,
高橋 賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ
A.G., Vandebrouck M., 米田 健一郎.: “22 C の 分 解 反 応II”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月(2013).
大道 理恵, 渡邉 寛, 八木 彩祐未, 小田原 厚子, 方 一帆, 西畑
洸希, 下田正, 西村俊二, Lorusso G., 炭竃聡之, SöderströmP.A., Wu J., Brown D.F., 徐 正宇, 磯部 忠昭, 馬場 秀忠,
鈴木 宏, 稲辺 尚人, 亀田 大輔, 福田 直樹, 竹田 浩之, 久保敏幸, Bruce A., Regan P., Podolyak Z., Roberts O.,
the EURICA collaborators: “LaBr3 検 出 器 を 用 い た
中性子過剰核の励起状態の寿命測定”, 日本物理学会 2013年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
井手口栄治, Simpson G., 横山輪, 田中まな, 青井考, 馬場秀忠,
Bello F., Browne F., 大道理恵, Doornenbal P., Fang Y.,
福田 直樹, Gey G., 郷 慎太郎, 稲辺 尚人, 磯部 忠昭, 亀田大輔, 小林和馬, 小林幹, 小松原哲郎, 久保敏幸, Kuri I., Li
Z., Lorusso G., 松下昌史, 道正新一郎, Moon C.-B., 西畑洸希, 西村俊二, 西塚一平, 小田原厚子, Patel Z., Rice S.,
Sahin E., Sinclair L., Söderström P.A., 炭竃聡之, 鈴木宏,
竹田浩之, Taprogge J., Vajra Z., 渡邉寛, Wu J., 徐正宇,
八木彩祐未.: “中性子過剰領域 Z～60 原子核における K ア

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

イソマーの探索”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
田中まな, 井手口栄治, Simpson G., 横山輪, 青井考, 馬場秀忠,
Bello F., Browne F., 大道理恵, Doornenbal P., Fang Y.,
福田 直樹, Gey G., 郷 慎太郎, 稲辺 尚人, 磯部 忠昭, 亀田大輔, 小林和馬, 小林幹, 小松原哲郎, 久保敏幸, Kuri I., Li
Z., Lorusso G., 松下昌史, 道正新一郎, Moon C.-B., 西畑洸希, 西村俊二, 西塚一平, 小田原厚子, Patel Z., Rice S.,
Sahin E., Sinclair L., Söderström P.A., 炭竃聡之, 鈴木宏,
竹田浩之, Taprogge J., Vajra Z., 渡邉寛, Wu J., 徐正宇,
八木彩祐未.: “中性子過剰 Nd 同位体におけるアイソマー
分光”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9
月 (2013).
方一帆, 小田原厚子, Lozeva R., Moon C., 八木彩祐未, 大道
理恵, 西畑洸希, 下田正, 西村俊二, Doornenbal P., LorussoG., 炭竃 聡之, 渡辺 寛, Söderström P.A., Wu J., Brown
F., 徐 正宇, 横山 輪, 磯部 忠昭, 馬場 秀忠, 櫻井 博儀, 鈴木宏, 稲辺尚人, 亀田大輔, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 安得順, 清水
陽平, 佐藤広海, 久保敏幸, 石垣知樹, 森本翔太, 井手口栄治,
小松原哲郎, 新倉潤, the EURICA collaborators: “Studyof beta decay of neutron-rich I isotopes at RIKEN RIBF
using a stack of Si-strip detectors WASA3Bi combinedwith a cluster-Ge array EURICA”, 日本物理学会 2013 年
秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
八木彩祐未, 小田原厚子, Lozeva R., Moon C., 方一帆, 大道
理恵, 西畑洸希, 下田正, 西村俊二, Doornenbal P., LorussoG., 炭竃聡之, 渡辺寛, Söderström P.A., Wu J., Brown F.,
徐正宇, 横山輪, 磯部忠昭, 馬場秀忠, 櫻井博儀, 鈴木宏, 稲辺尚人, 亀田大輔, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 安得順, 清水陽平, 佐藤
広海, 久保敏幸, 石垣知樹, 森本翔太, 井手口栄治, 小松原
哲郎, 新倉潤, the EURICA collaborators: “理研 RIBF の
EURICA を用いた中性子過剰な Cs 同位体 (A 150) のア
イソマーの研究”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
横山 輪, 井手口 栄治, Simpson G., 田中 まな, 西村 俊二,
Lorusso G., 炭竃 聡之, Doornenbal P., 馬場 秀忠, 磯部
忠昭, Söderström P.A., Wu J., Xu Z., Browne F., PatelZ., Rice S., Sinclair L., Li Z., 渡邉 寛, Gey G., SahinE., Bello F., Vajra Z., Kuri I., Taprogge J., 小田原厚子,
Fang Y., 大道 理恵, 八木 彩祐未, 西畑 洸希, 青井 考, 小林
和馬, 道正新一郎, 松下昌史, 小林幹, 郷慎太郎, 久保敏幸,
亀田大輔, 稲辺尚人, 竹田浩之, 福田直樹, 鈴木宏, 西塚一平,
小松原哲郎, Moon C.-B.: “過剰変形領域の Pm 同位体における新アイソマーの発見”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
堂園昌伯, 上坂友洋, 笹野匡紀, 銭廣十三, 松原礼明, 下浦享,
矢向謙太郎, 道正新一郎, 大田晋輔, 時枝紘史, 宮裕之, 川瀬頌一郎, Tang R., 木佐森 慶一, 高木 基伸, 久保田 悠樹, 李
清秀, 藤井 俊彦, 横山 輪, 酒井 英行, 久保 敏幸, 吉田 光一,
柳沢善行, 福田直樹, 竹田浩之, 亀田大輔, 稲辺尚人, 若狭
智嗣, 藤田訓裕, 坂口聡志, 市村宗武, 佐川弘幸.: “パリティ
移行核反応による原子核の 0− 状態の研究”, 日本物理学会
2013 年秋季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
佐藤優樹, 稲辺尚人, 亀田大輔, 久保敏幸, 熊谷秀和, 鈴木宏,
竹田浩之, 福田直樹, 吉田光一.: “位置敏感型平行平板雪崩- 507 -

検出器の基礎特性に関する考察”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋
季大会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).

4

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

BigRIPS Team
Publications[Journal]ʢOriginal Papersʣ *Subject to Peer Review
Suzuki H., Kubo T., Fukuda N., Inabe N., Kameda D.,
Takeda H., Yoshida K., Kusaka K., Yanagisawa Y.,
Ohtake M., Sato H., Shimizu Y., Baba H., Kurokawa
M., Ohnishi T., Tanaka K., Tarasov O.B., Bazin D.,
Morrissey D.J., Sherrill B.M., Ieki K., Murai D., Iwasa
N., Chiba A., Ohkoda Y., Ideguchi E., Go S., YokoyamaR., Fujii T., Nishimura D., Nishibata H., Momota S.,
Lewitowicz M., DeFrance G., Celikovic I., Steiger K.:“Production cross section measurement of radioactive
isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 756–768 (2013). ˎFukuda N., Kubo T., Ohnishi T., Inabe N., Takeda H.,
Kameda D., Suzuki H.: “Identiﬁcation and separationof radioactive isotope beams by the BigRIPS separator
at the RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B
317, 323–332 (2013). ˎYoshida K., Fukuda N., Yanagisawa Y., Inabe N, Mizoi
Y., Kubo T.: “High-power beam dump system for the
BigRIPS fragment separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 373–380 (2013). ˎKumagai H., Ohnishi T., Fukuda N., Takeda H., Kameda
D., Inabe N., Yoshida K., Kubo T.: “Development of
Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter (PPAC) for BigRIPS
fragment separator”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 717–
727 (2013). ˎ
Takeda H,, Kubo T., Kusaka K., Suzuki H., Inabe N.,
Nolen J.A.: “Extraction of 3D ﬁeld maps of magnetic
multipoles from 2D surface measurements with applications to the optics calculations of the large-acceptancesuperconducting fragment separator BigRIPS” Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 798–809 (2013). ˎTanaka K., Inabe N., Yoshida K, Kusaka K., Kubo T.:“Pillow seal system at the BigRIPS separator”, Nucl.
Instr. Meth. B 317, 734–738 (2013). ˎ
Nishi T., Berg G.P.A., Dozono M., Fujioka H., Fukuda
N., Furuno T., Geissel H., Hayano R.S., Inabe N.,
Itahashi K., Itoh S., Kameda D., Kubo T., Matsubara
H., Michimasa S., Miki K., Miya H., Murakami Y.,
Nakamura M., Nakatsuka N., Noji S., Okochi K., Ota
S., Suzuki H., Suzuki K., Takaki M., Takeda H., Tanaka
Y.K., Todoroki K., Tsukada K., Uesaka T., Watanabe
Y.N., Weick H., Yamada H., Yoshida K.: “BigRIPS asa high resolution spectrometer for pionic atoms”, Nucl.
Instr. Meth. B 317, 290–293 (2013). ˎ
Ichikawa Y., Ueno H., Ishii Y., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A.,
Kameda D., Watanabe H., Aoi N., Asahi K., Balabanski
D.L., Chevrier R., Daugas J.M., Fukuda N., Georgiev
G., Hayashi H., Iijima H., Inabe N., Inoue T., Ishihara
M., Kubo T., Nanao T., Ohnishi T., Suzuki K., TsuchiyaM., Takeda H., Rajabali M.M.: “Spin-aligned RI beams- 508 -

via two-step fragmentation reactions”, Nucl. Instr.
Meth. B 317, 769–773 (2013). ˎMichimasa S., Takaki M., Sasamoto Y., Dozono M., Nishi
T., Kawabata T., Ota S., Baba H., Fujii T., Go S.,
Kawase S., Kikuchi Y., Kisamori K., Kobayashi M.,
Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Matsubara H., Miki K., Miya H.,
Noji S., Tokieda H., Tsumura M., Yako K., YokoyamaR., Takeda H., Yanagisawa Y., Kubo T., Inabe N.,
Fukuda N., Kameda D., Suzuki H., Shimizu Y., Sato
H., Ichihara T., Stolz A., Zegers R.G.T., Sakai H.,
Uesaka T., Shimoura S.: “SHARAQ spectrometer for
high-resolution studies for RI-induced reactions”, Nucl.
Instr. Meth. B 317, 305–310 (2013). ˎ
Yamaguchi Y., Wakasugi M., Uesaka T., Ozawa A., Abe
Y., Fujinawa T., Kase M., Komiyama M., Kubo T.,
Kumagai K., Maie T., Nagae D., Ohnishi J., SuzukiF., Tokuchi A., Watanabe Y., Yoshida K., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi T., Yamasawa H., Yanagisawa Y., ZenihiroJ., Yano Y.: “Construction of rare-RI ring at RIKEN
RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 629–635(2013). ˎ
Yoshida A., Kambara T., Nakao A., Uemoto R., Uno
H., Nagano A., Yamaguchi H., Nakao T., Kahl D.,
Yanagisawa T., Kameda D., Ohnishi T., Fukuda N.,
Kubo T.: “Wear diagnostics of industrial material using RI beams of 7 Be and 22 Na”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B
317, 785–788 (2013). ˎ
Kusaka K., Ohtake M., Ohnishi T., Yoshida K., Kubo T.,
Ito H., Tsuchihashi T.: “Long-Term Operation of theSuperconducting Triplet Quadrupoles With Small Cryocoolers for BigRIPS In-Flight Separator and RI-Beam
Delivery Line at RIKEN” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. vol. 23, No.3, 4101305 (2013). ˎ
Watanabe H., Lorusso G., Nishimura S., Xu Z.Y.,
Sumikama T., Söderström P.-A., Doornenbal P., BrowneF., Gey G., Jung H.S., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Wu
J., Yagi A., Baba H., Benzoni G., Chae K.Y., Crespi
F.C.L., Fukuda N., Gernhäuser R., Inabe N., IsobeT., Jungclaus A., Kameda D., Kim G.D., Kim Y.K.,
Kojouharov I., Kondev F.G., Kubo T., Kurz N., Kwon
Y.K., Lane G.J., Li Z., Moon C.-B., Montaner-Pizá
A., Moschner K., Naqvi F., Niikura M., Nishibata
H., Nishimura D., Odahara A., Orlandi R., Patel Z.,
Podolyák Zs., Sakurai H., Schaﬀner H., Simpson G.S.,
Steiger K., Suzuki H., Takeda H., Wendt A., Yoshinaga
K.: “Isomers in 128 Pd and 126 Pd: Evidence for a Robust
Shell Closure at the Neutron Magic Number 82 in Exotic Palladium Isotopes”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 152501(2013). ˎ
Söderström P.A., Lorusso G., Watanabe H., Nishimura
S., Doornenbal P., Thiamova G., Browne F., Gey G.,
Jung H.S., Sumikama T., Taprogge J., Vajta Zs., Wu
J., Xu Z.Y., Baba H., Benzoni G., Chae K.Y., Crespi
F.C.L., Fukuda N., Gernhäuser R., Inabe N., IsobeT., Jungclaus A., Kameda D., Kim G.D., Kim Y.K.,

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Kojouharov I., Kondev F.G., Kubo T., Kurz N., Kwon
Y.K., Lane G.J., Li Z., Montaner-Pizá A., MoschnerK., Naqvi F., Niikura M., Nishibata H., Odahara A.,
Orlandi R., Patel Z., Podolyák Zs., Sakurai H., Schaﬀner
H., Simpson G.S., Steiger K., Suzuki H., Takeda H.,
Wendt A., Yagi A., Yoshinaga K.: “Shape evolution in
116,118
Ru: Triaxiality and transition between the O(6)and U(5) dynamical symmetries”, Phys. Rev. C 88,
024301 (2013). ˎ
Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P.,
Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go
S., Honma M., Lee J., Matsui K., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H.,
Shiga Y., Sumikama T., Suzuki H., Taniuchi T., Utsuno
Y., Valiente-Dobon J.J., Yoneda K.: “Evidence for a
new nuclear ‘magic number’ from the level structure of
54
Ca” Nature 502, 207 (2013). ˎ
Ichikawa Y., Ueno H., Ishii Y., Furukawa T., Yoshimi A.,
Kameda D., Watanabe H., Aoi N., Asahi K., Balabanski
D.L., Chevrier R., Daugas J.M., Fukuda N., Georgiev
G., Hayashi H., Iijima H., Inabe N., Inoue T., Ishihara
M., Kubo T., Nanao T., Ohnishi T., Suzuki K., TsuchiyaM., Takeda H., Rajabali M.M.: “Novel method for the
production of spin-aligned RI beams in projectile fragmentation reaction with the dispersion matching technique”, Hyperﬁne Interact 220, 47–51 (2013). ˎʢReviewʣ٢ాޫҰ, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ೔Լ݈༞, ෱ా௚थ, ༄ᖒળߦ, ஛ాߒ೭,Ҵลঘਓ, େ஛੓༤, ُాେี, ాத৊৴, ླ໦޺.: “ཧ‫ݚ‬ͷ௒఻ಋ RI ϏʔϜੜ੒૷ஔ BigRIPS ʹ͍ͭͯ”, Ճ଎‫ث‬Vol. 10, 93–100 (2013).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Kameda K.: “Observation of 18 new microsecond isomers among ﬁssion products from in-ﬂight ﬁssion of
345 MeV/nucleon 238 U” International workshop on radiation eﬀects in superconducting magnet materials,(KEK), Tsukuba, Japan, Feb. (2013).
Kusaka K.: “Beam heat loads to superconducting
quadrupoles for BigRIPS In-ﬂight separator at RIKEN”
International workshop on radiation eﬀects in superconducting magnet materials, (KEK), Tsukuba, Japan,
April (2013).
Kameda D., Kubo T.: “Search for new isotopes and new
isomers using in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345 MeV/u 238 U
beam”, RIBF Users Meeting, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan,
June (2013).
Suzuki H.: “Production cross section measurements of radioactive isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI
Beam Factory”, RIBF Users Meeting, (RIKEN), Wako,
Japan, June (2013).
Kameda D., Kubo T.: “New isomers in the neutron-richrare earth region by in-ﬂight ﬁssion of 345 MeV/nucleon
238
U” RCNP international workshop on Physics Oppor-

tunities using Compton Suppressed Ge Clover Array(CAGRA13), (RCNP), Osaka, Japan, Dec. (2013).
Takeda H.: “Extraction of 3D Field Maps of Magnetic
Multipoles from 2D Surface Measurements with Applications to Optics Calculations” 5th Expert Meeting on
Challenging Issues of Next-generation High-intensity Inﬂight Separators, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan, Dec. (2013).
Fukuda N.: “RI-beam Production at BigRIPS: Optimization of Particle Identiﬁcation” 5th Expert Meeting on
Challenging Issues of Next-generation High-intensity Inﬂight Separators, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan, Dec. (2013).
Kusaka K.: “Status and Operational Experiences of Magnets and Cryogenic System at BigRIPS” 5th Expert
Meeting on Challenging Issues of Next-generation Highintensity In-ﬂight Separators, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan,
Dec. (2013).
Kusaka K.: “Magnetic Field mapping at BigRIPS” 5th Expert Meeting on Challenging Issues of Next-generation
High-intensity In-ﬂight Separators, (RIKEN), Wako,
Japan, Dec. (2013).
Suzuki H.: “Measurement of Production Yields and Cross
sections and Comparison with Models” 5th Expert
Meeting on Challenging Issues of Next-generation Highintensity In-ﬂight Separators, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan,
Dec. (2013).
Yoshida K.: “Status of High Power Issues at BigRIPS” 5th Expert Meeting on Challenging Issuesof Next-generation High-intensity In-ﬂight Separators,(RIKEN), Wako, Japan, Dec. (2013).
Tanaka K.: “Evaluation of Radiation Issues and Comparison with PHITS Calculations for BigRIPS Separator
in RIBF ” 5th Expert Meeting on Challenging Issuesof Next-generation High-intensity In-ﬂight Separators,(RIKEN), Wako, Japan, Dec. (2013).
Kameda D., Kubo T.: “Search for new isotopes and new
isomers using in-ﬂight ﬁssion of a 345 MeV/nucleon 238 U
beam at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, 16th ASRC International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Structure of
Exotic Nuclei, (Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)),
Tokai, Japan, Mar., (2014).
(Domestic Conference)ೆํ྄‫ޗ‬, தଜོ࢘, ۙ౻༸հ, Achouri N.L., Aumann T.,അ৔ल஧, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., ෱ా௚थ, GibelinJ., Huang J., Ҵล ঘਓ, ү෦ ஧ত, ُా େี, ؆໺ େً,
Kim S., খྛ৴೭, খྛढ़༤, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, Leblond S., Lee
J., Marques M., ຊྛ ಁ, ଜҪ େ஍, ଜ্ ఩໵, ෢౻ ‫ۏ‬ඒ,தౢ ৎՅ, த௩ ಙ‫ܧ‬, Navin A., ੢੐ ࣐࿠, ੜӽ ॣ, Orr
N.A., େ௡ ल‫ڿ‬, ࠤ౻ ޿ւ, ࠤ౻ ًٛ, ਗ਼ਫ ཅฏ, ླ໦ ޺,ߴ‫ݡ ڮ‬ਓ, ஛ా ߒ೭, ෢಺ ૱, ాத ོ‫ݾ‬, ௪໺ ହ޺, Tuﬀ
A.G., Vandebrouck M., ถా݈Ұ࿠.: “22 C ͷΫʔϩϯ෼ղ൓Ԡ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (౦ւେֶ), ਆಸ઒, 3 ݄ (2014).
ੜӽॣ, தଜོ࢘, ۙ౻༸հ, Achouri N.L., Aumann T., അ৔ल஧, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., ෱ా௚थ, Gibelin J.,
Huang J., Ҵลঘਓ, ү෦஧ত, ُాେี, ؆໺େً, Kim- 509 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

S., খྛ ৴೭, খྛ ढ़༤, ‫ٱ‬อ හ޾, Leblond S., Lee J.,
Marques M., ೆํ྄‫ޗ‬, ຊྛಁ, ଜҪେ஍, ଜ্఩໵, ෢౻‫ۏ‬ඒ, தౢৎՅ, த௩ಙ‫ܧ‬, Navin A., ੢੐࣐࿠, Orr N.A.,େ௡ ल‫ڿ‬, ࠤ౻ ޿ւ, ࠤ౻ ًٛ, ਗ਼ਫ ཅฏ, ླ໦ ޺, ߴ‫ڮ‬‫ݡ‬ਓ, ஛ా ߒ೭, ෢಺ ૱, ాத ོ‫ݾ‬, ௪໺ ହ޺, Tuﬀ A.G.,
Vandebrouck M., ถా݈Ұ࿠.: “19 B ͷΫʔϩϯ෼ղ൓Ԡ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (౦ւେֶ), ਆಸ઒, 3݄ (2014).
ۙ౻༸հ, தଜོ࢘, Achouri N.L., Aumann T., അ৔ल஧,Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., ෱ా௚थ, Gibelin J., Huang
J., Ҵลঘਓ, ү෦஧ত, ُాେี, ؆໺େً, Kim S., খྛ৴೭, খྛ ढ़༤, ‫ٱ‬อ හ޾, Leblond S., Lee J., MarquesM., ೆํ྄‫ޗ‬, ຊྛಁ, ଜҪେ஍, ଜ্఩໵, ෢౻‫ۏ‬ඒ, தౢৎՅ, த௩ ಙ‫ܧ‬, Navin A., ੢੐ ࣐࿠, ੜӽ ॣ, Orr N.A.,େ௡ ल‫ڿ‬, ࠤ౻ ޿ւ, ࠤ౻ ًٛ, ਗ਼ਫ ཅฏ, ླ໦ ޺, ߴ‫ڮ‬‫ݡ‬ਓ, ஛ా ߒ೭, ෢಺ ૱, ాத ོ‫ݾ‬, ௪໺ ହ޺, Tuﬀ A.G.,
Vandebrouck M., ถా݈Ұ࿠.: “25 C,26 C ඇଋറঢ়ଶͷ୳ࡧ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (౦ւେֶ), ਆಸ઒, 3݄ (2014).
খྛ৴೭, தଜོ࢘, ۙ౻༸հ, Tostevin J.A., Ӊ౎໺য়, ੨Ҫߟ, അ৔ल஧, Barthelemy R., ෱ా௚थ, Lee G., Lee H.S.,Ҵล ঘਓ, ੴ‫ ݪ‬ਖ਼ହ, Kanungo r., ‫ٱ‬อ හ޾, Kim S.J.,
Famiano M., দԼণ࢙, ຊྛಁ, େ੢఩࠸, Orr N.A., େ௡ल‫ڿ‬, େ௩޹࣏, ᓎҪതّ, ࠤ‫ߦوݹ‬, ୸‫ה‬૱೭, ࠤ౻ًٛ,ߴ‫޷ڮ‬ଠ࿠, ஛ాߒ೭, ෢಺૱, ాதོ‫ݾ‬, ௪໺ହ޺, ถా݈Ұ࿠.: “෼ղ൓ԠΛ༻͍ͨதੑࢠա৒ͳ Mg ಉҐମͷ‫ݚ‬‫”ڀ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (౦ւେֶ), ਆಸ઒, 3݄ (2014).
઒੉ᰌҰ࿠, ্ࡔ༑༸, ԼӜ‫ڗ‬, ໼޲‫ݠ‬ଠ࿠, େా৾ี, ಓਖ਼৽Ұ࿠, ࣌ࢬ ߛ࢙ ‫ ٶ‬༟೭, Leung T.T., ໦ࠤ৿ ‫ܚ‬Ұ, ߴ໦‫ج‬৳, ‫ٱ‬อా༔थ, ཥਗ਼ल, ԣࢁྠ, ౻Ҫढ़඙, খྛ‫װ‬, ࡫໺‫لڡ‬, મኍ ेࡾ, দ‫໌ྱ ݪ‬, ಊԂ ণഢ, Lee J., ञҪ ӳߦ,‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ٢ాޫҰ, Ҵลঘਓ, ༄ᖒળߦ, ஛ాߒ೭, ೔Լ݈༞, ෱ా ௚थ, ُా େี, ླ໦ ޺, Տ‫๎ ݪ‬ඒ, ༚Ҫ ਸࢤ,ࡔ‫ ޱ‬૱ࢤ, ໺࿊ ఩෉, एᗾ ஐ࢚, ҆ా ३ฏ, ෱Ӭ ୓, લా
޾ॏ, Kim W.Y., Hwang S.H., Stepanyan S., ObertelliA., Galindo-Uribarri A., Padilla-Rodal E., Beaumel D.:“४஄ੑ A O(p,2p) ൓ԠʹΑΔ஠ૉಉҐମͷཅࢠҰۭ޸ঢ়ଶͷ֩෼ޫ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (౦ւେֶ),ਆಸ઒, 3 ݄ (2014).
੢ ོത, Berg G.P.A., ಊԂ ণഢ, ෱ా ௚थ, ‫ݹ‬໺ ୡ໵, ౻Ԭ
޺೭, Geissel H., ૣ໺ཾ‫ޒ‬, Ҵลঘਓ, ൘‫݈ڮ‬ଠ, ҏ౻੟,ُా େี, ‫ٱ‬อ හ޾, দ‫໌ྱ ݪ‬, ಓਖ਼ ৽Ұ࿠, ࡾ໦ ‫ݠ‬ೋ࿠,‫ٶ‬༟೭, தଜ༞‫ت‬, ଜ্༸ฏ, த௩ಙ‫ܧ‬, ໺஍ढ़ฏ, େՏ಺ެଠ, େా৾ี, ླ໦޺, ླ໦‫ߴ ݠ‬໦‫ج‬৳, ஛ాߒ೭, ాதྑथ, ߾޸Ұ, ௩ా‫ڿ‬, ্ࡔ༑༸, ౉ลचҎ, Weick H., ࢁా༟೭, ٢ాޫҰ.: “(d,3 He) ൓ԠΛ༻͍ͨКதؒࢠ‫ࢠݪ‬ͷਫ਼ີ෼ޫ (10)“, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (౦ւେֶ),ਆಸ઒, 3 ݄ (2014).
੢ ོത, Berg G.P.A., ಊԂ ণഢ, ෱ా ௚थ, ‫ݹ‬໺ ୡ໵, ౻Ԭ
޺೭, Geissel H., ૣ໺ཾ‫ޒ‬, Ҵลঘਓ, ൘‫݈ڮ‬ଠ, ҏ౻੟,ُా େี, େՏ಺ ެଠ, ‫ٱ‬อ හ޾, দ‫໌ྱ ݪ‬, ಓਖ਼ ৽Ұ࿠,ࡾ໦‫ݠ‬ೋ࿠, ‫ٶ‬༟೭, தଜ༞‫ت‬, ଜ্༸ฏ, த௩ಙ‫ܧ‬, ໺஍ढ़ฏ, େా৾ี, ླ໦޺, ླ໦‫ߴ ݠ‬໦‫ج‬৳, ஛ాߒ೭, ాதྑथ, ߾޸Ұ, ௩ా‫ڿ‬, ্ࡔ༑༸, ౉ลचҎ, Weick H., ࢁా- 510 -༟೭, ٢ాޫҰ.: “(d,3 He) ൓ԠΛ༻͍ͨКதؒࢠ‫ࢠݪ‬ͷਫ਼ີ෼ޫ (9)“, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ),ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
‫ٶ‬༟೭, ԼӜ‫ڗ‬, ໦ࠤ৿‫ܚ‬Ұ, അ৔ल஧, അ৔ୢ༤, ಊԂণഢ,෱ా௚थ, ౻Ҫढ़඙, ‫৻ڷ‬ଠ࿠, Ҫख‫ޱ‬ӫ࣏, Ҵลঘਓ, ҏ౻ਖ਼ढ़, ُాେี, ઒ാ‫و‬༟, ઒੉ᰌҰ࿠, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ‫ٱ‬อా༔थ, খྛ‫װ‬, ۙ౻༸հ, ཥਗ਼ल, લా޾ॏ, দ‫໌ྱݪ‬, ࡾ໦‫ݠ‬ೋ࿠, ಓਖ਼ ৽Ұ࿠, ੢ོ ത, ੢ଜ ඒ݄, େా ৾ี, ࡔ‫ޱ‬૱ࢤ, ञҪ ӳߦ, ࡫໺ ‫لڡ‬, ࠤ౻ ޿ւ, ਗ਼ਫ ཅฏ, ླ໦ ޺,ߴ໦ ‫ج‬৳, ຽҪ ३, ஛ా ߒ೭, ෢಺ ૱, ࣌ࢬ ߛ࢙, ଜ ඒอ,্ࡔ༑༸, ༄୔ળߦ, ໼޲‫ݠ‬ଠ࿠, ԣࢁྠ, ٢ాޫҰ, Assie
M., Beaumel D., Fariouz H., Stolz A.: “ൃ೤‫ܕ‬ՙిަ‫׵‬൓Ԡ (8 He,8 Li Ѝ) Λ༻͍ͨ 4 He ֩ͷεϐϯɾΞΠιεϐϯ
Ԡ౴ͷ‫”ڀݚ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ),ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
໦ࠤ৿‫ܚ‬Ұ, ԼӜ‫ڗ‬, ‫ٶ‬༟೭, അ৔ल஧, അ৔ୢ඙, ಊԂণഢ,෱ా௚थ, ౻Ҫढ़඙, ‫৻ڷ‬ଠ࿠, Ҫख‫ޱ‬ӫ࣏, Ҵลঘਓ, ҏ౻ਖ਼ढ़, ُాେี, ઒ാ‫و‬༟, ઒੉ᰌҰ࿠, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ‫ٱ‬อా༔थ, খྛ‫װ‬, ۙ౻༸հ, ཥਗ਼ल, લా޾ॏ, দ‫໌ྱݪ‬, ࡾ໦‫ݠ‬ೋ࿠, ಓਖ਼ ৽Ұ࿠, ੢ ོത, ੢ଜ ඒ݄, େా ৾ี, ࡔ‫ޱ‬૱ࢤ, ञҪ ӳߦ, ࡫໺ ‫لڡ‬, ࠤ౻ ޿ւ, ਗ਼ਫ ཅฏ, ླ໦ ޺,ߴ໦‫ج‬৳, ຽҪ३, ஛ాߒ೭, ෢಺૱, ࣌ࢬߛ࢙, ௡ଜඒอ,্ࡔ༑༸, ༄୔ળߦ, ໼޲‫ݠ‬ଠ࿠, ԣࢁྠ, ٢ాޫҰ, Assie
M., Beaumel D., Fariouz H., Stolz A.: “ೋॏՙిަ‫׵‬൓ԠΛ΋͍ͪͨ 4 தੑࢠ‫ܽྔ࣭ܥ‬ଛ֩෼ޫ࣮‫”ݧ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶ
ձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
Ԃా఩, ࿨ాಓ࣏, ൧ଜल‫ل‬, ্໺लथ, ෋ాӳੜ, ଍ཱٛ‫و‬,ߴ௩୎୴, Wendt K., ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, एਿণಙ, ೔Լ݈༞, ᚸՈ෢࢜, ࢁᖒ लߦ, ౻ೄ խ, ยࢁ Ұ࿠, ৽Ҫ Ү໵, Schury P.,ࣰ௩ษ, ༚Ҫਸࢤ, দඌ༝լར, ‫ݹ‬઒෢, ‫ٶ‬෢Ӊ໵, ੴࢁത߃,ࠓҪ৳໌, ฏࢁլҰ, ౉ล༟, జ३ࢌ, Ԭా๜޺, ҏ౻༝ଠ,தඌѪࢠ, “RIBF-SLOWRI ‫ڞ‬໐ΠΦϯԽϨʔβʔΠΦϯ‫( ݯ‬PALIS) ͷ։ൃͱϨʔβʔ֩෼ޫ΁ͷԠ༻”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
ೆํ྄‫ޗ‬, தଜོ࢘, ۙ౻༸հ, Achouri N.L., Aumann T.,അ৔ल஧, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., ෱ా௚थ, GibelinJ., Huang J., Ҵล ঘਓ, ү෦ ஧ত, ُా େี, ؆໺ େً,
Kim S., খྛ৴೭, খྛढ़༤, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, Leblond S., Lee
J., Marques M., ຊྛ ಁ, ଜҪ େ஍, ଜ্ ఩໵, ෢౻ ‫ۏ‬ඒ,தౢ ৎՅ, த௩ ಙ‫ܧ‬, Navin A., ੢੐ ࣐࿠, ੜӽ ॣ, Orr
N.A., େ௡ ल‫ڿ‬, ࠤ౻ ޿ւ, ࠤ౻ ًٛ, ਗ਼ਫ ཅฏ, ླ໦ ޺,ߴ‫ݡ ڮ‬ਓ, ஛ా ߒ೭, ෢಺ ૱, ాத ོ‫ݾ‬, ௪໺ ହ޺, Tuﬀ
A.G., Vandebrouck M., ถా ݈Ұ࿠.: “22 C ͷ ෼ ղ ൓ ԠII”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄(2013).
େಓ ཧ‫ܙ‬, ౉ᬒ ‫׮‬, ീ໦ ࠼༞ະ, খా‫ࢠް ݪ‬, ํ Ұൕ, ੢ാᔨ‫ر‬, Լాਖ਼, ੢ଜढ़ೋ, Lorusso G., ୸‫ה‬૱೭, SöderströmP.A., Wu J., Brown D.F., ঃ ਖ਼Ӊ, ү෦ ஧ত, അ৔ ल஧,ླ໦ ޺, Ҵล ঘਓ, ُా େี, ෱ా ௚थ, ஛ా ߒ೭, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, Bruce A., Regan P., Podolyak Z., Roberts O.,
the EURICA collaborators: “LaBr3 ‫ ݕ‬ग़ ‫ ث‬Λ ༻ ͍ ͨதੑࢠա৒֩ͷྭ‫ى‬ঢ়ଶͷण໋ଌఆ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
Ҫख‫ޱ‬ӫ࣏, Simpson G., ԣࢁྠ, ాத·ͳ, ੨Ҫߟ, അ৔ल஧,Bello F., Browne F., େಓཧ‫ܙ‬, Doornenbal P., Fang Y.,

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)෱ా ௚थ, Gey G., ‫৻ ڷ‬ଠ࿠, Ҵล ঘਓ, ү෦ ஧ত, ُాେี, খྛ࿨അ, খྛ‫װ‬, খদ‫ݪ‬఩࿠, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, Kuri I., Li
Z., Lorusso G., দԼণ࢙, ಓਖ਼৽Ұ࿠, Moon C.-B., ੢ാᔨ‫ر‬, ੢ଜढ़ೋ, ੢௩Ұฏ, খా‫ࢠްݪ‬, Patel Z., Rice S.,
Sahin E., Sinclair L., Söderström P.A., ୸‫ה‬૱೭, ླ໦޺,஛ాߒ೭, Taprogge J., Vajra Z., ౉ᬒ‫׮‬, Wu J., ঃਖ਼Ӊ,ീ໦࠼༞ະ.: “தੑࢠա৒ྖҬ Zʙ60 ‫͚͓ʹ֩ࢠݪ‬Δ K ΞΠιϚʔͷ୳ࡧ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
ాத·ͳ, Ҫख‫ޱ‬ӫ࣏, Simpson G., ԣࢁྠ, ੨Ҫߟ, അ৔ल஧,Bello F., Browne F., େಓཧ‫ܙ‬, Doornenbal P., Fang Y.,෱ా ௚थ, Gey G., ‫৻ ڷ‬ଠ࿠, Ҵล ঘਓ, ү෦ ஧ত, ُాେี, খྛ࿨അ, খྛ‫װ‬, খদ‫ݪ‬఩࿠, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, Kuri I., Li
Z., Lorusso G., দԼণ࢙, ಓਖ਼৽Ұ࿠, Moon C.-B., ੢ാᔨ‫ر‬, ੢ଜढ़ೋ, ੢௩Ұฏ, খా‫ࢠްݪ‬, Patel Z., Rice S.,
Sahin E., Sinclair L., Söderström P.A., ୸‫ה‬૱೭, ླ໦޺,஛ాߒ೭, Taprogge J., Vajra Z., ౉ᬒ‫׮‬, Wu J., ঃਖ਼Ӊ,ീ໦࠼༞ະ.: “தੑࢠա৒ Nd ಉҐମʹ͓͚ΔΞΠιϚʔ෼ޫ”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9
݄ (2013).
ํҰൕ, খా‫ࢠްݪ‬, Lozeva R., Moon C., ീ໦࠼༞ະ, େಓཧ‫ܙ‬, ੢ാᔨ‫ر‬, Լాਖ਼, ੢ଜढ़ೋ, Doornenbal P., LorussoG., ୸‫ ה‬૱೭, ౉ล ‫׮‬, Söderström P.A., Wu J., Brown
F., ঃ ਖ਼Ӊ, ԣࢁ ྠ, ү෦ ஧ত, അ৔ ल஧, ᓎҪ തّ, ླ໦޺, Ҵลঘਓ, ُాେี, ෱ా௚थ, ஛ాߒ೭, ҆ಘॱ, ਗ਼ਫཅฏ, ࠤ౻޿ւ, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ੴ֞஌थ, ৿ຊᠳଠ, Ҫख‫ޱ‬ӫ࣏,খদ‫ݪ‬఩࿠, ৽૔५, the EURICA collaborators: “Studyof beta decay of neutron-rich I isotopes at RIKEN RIBF
using a stack of Si-strip detectors WASA3Bi combinedwith a cluster-Ge array EURICA”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
ീ໦࠼༞ະ, খా‫ࢠްݪ‬, Lozeva R., Moon C., ํҰൕ, େಓཧ‫ܙ‬, ੢ാᔨ‫ر‬, Լాਖ਼, ੢ଜढ़ೋ, Doornenbal P., LorussoG., ୸‫ה‬૱೭, ౉ล‫׮‬, Söderström P.A., Wu J., Brown F.,ঃਖ਼Ӊ, ԣࢁྠ, ү෦஧ত, അ৔ल஧, ᓎҪതّ, ླ໦޺, Ҵลঘਓ, ُాେี, ෱ా௚थ, ஛ాߒ೭, ҆ಘॱ, ਗ਼ਫཅฏ, ࠤ౻޿ւ, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ੴ֞஌थ, ৿ຊᠳଠ, Ҫख‫ޱ‬ӫ࣏, খদ‫ݪ‬఩࿠, ৽૔५, the EURICA collaborators: “ཧ‫ ݚ‬RIBF ͷ
EURICA Λ༻͍ͨதੑࢠա৒ͳ Cs ಉҐମ (A 150) ͷΞΠιϚʔͷ‫”ڀݚ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
ԣࢁ ྠ, Ҫख‫ ޱ‬ӫ࣏, Simpson G., ాத ·ͳ, ੢ଜ ढ़ೋ,
Lorusso G., ୸‫ ה‬૱೭, Doornenbal P., അ৔ ल஧, ү෦஧ত, Söderström P.A., Wu J., Xu Z., Browne F., PatelZ., Rice S., Sinclair L., Li Z., ౉ᬒ ‫׮‬, Gey G., SahinE., Bello F., Vajra Z., Kuri I., Taprogge J., খా‫ࢠްݪ‬,Fang Y., େಓ ཧ‫ܙ‬, ീ໦ ࠼༞ະ, ੢ാ ᔨ‫ر‬, ੨Ҫ ߟ, খྛ࿨അ, ಓਖ਼৽Ұ࿠, দԼণ࢙, খྛ‫װ‬, ‫৻ڷ‬ଠ࿠, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾,ُాେี, Ҵลঘਓ, ஛ాߒ೭, ෱ా௚थ, ླ໦޺, ੢௩Ұฏ,খদ‫ݪ‬఩࿠, Moon C.-B.: “ա৒ม‫ྖܗ‬Ҭͷ Pm ಉҐମʹ͓͚Δ৽ΞΠιϚʔͷൃ‫”ݟ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
ಊԂণഢ, ্ࡔ༑༸, ࡫໺‫لڡ‬, મኍेࡾ, দ‫໌ྱݪ‬, ԼӜ‫ڗ‬,໼޲‫ݠ‬ଠ࿠, ಓਖ਼৽Ұ࿠, େా৾ี, ࣌ࢬߛ࢙, ‫ٶ‬༟೭, ઒੉ᰌҰ࿠, Tang R., ໦ࠤ৿ ‫ܚ‬Ұ, ߴ໦ ‫ج‬৳, ‫ٱ‬อా ༔थ, ཥ- 511 -ਗ਼ल, ౻Ҫ ढ़඙, ԣࢁ ྠ, ञҪ ӳߦ, ‫ٱ‬อ හ޾, ٢ా ޫҰ,༄୔ળߦ, ෱ా௚थ, ஛ాߒ೭, ُాେี, Ҵลঘਓ, ए‫ڱ‬ஐ࢚, ౻ా‫܇‬༟, ࡔ‫ޱ‬૱ࢤ, ࢢଜफ෢, ࠤ઒߂޾.: “ύϦςΟҠߦ֩൓ԠʹΑΔ‫֩ࢠݪ‬ͷ 0− ঢ়ଶͷ‫”ڀݚ‬, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ
2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).
ࠤ౻༏थ, Ҵลঘਓ, ُాେี, ‫ٱ‬อහ޾, ‫۽‬୩ल࿨, ླ໦޺,஛ాߒ೭, ෱ా௚थ, ٢ాޫҰ.: “Ґஔහ‫ܕײ‬ฏߦฏ൘ઇ่
‫ݕ‬ग़‫ث‬ͷ‫ૅج‬ಛੑʹؔ͢Δߟ࡯”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ 2013 ೥ळ‫ق‬େձ, (ߴ஌େֶ), ߴ஌, 9 ݄ (2013).

4

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

SAMURAI Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Kobayashi T., Chiga N., Isobe T., Kondo Y., Kubo T.,
Kusaka K., Motobayashi T., Nakamura T., Ohnishi J.,
Okuno H., Otsu H., Sato T., Sato H., Shimizu Y.,
Sekiguchi K., Takahashi K., Tanaka R., Yoneda K.:“SAMURAI spectrometer for RI beam experiments”
Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 317, 294–304 (2013).*
Shimizu Y., Otsu H., Kobayashi T., Kubo T., Motobayashi
T., Sato H., Yoneda K.: “Vacuum system for the SAMURAI spectrometer”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods B 317,
739–742 (2013).*
Suzuki H., Kubo T., Fukuda N., Inabe N., Kameda D.,
Takeda H., Yoshida K., Kusaka K., Yanagisawa Y.,
Ohtake M., Sato H., Shimizu Y., Baba H., Kurokawa
M., Ohnishi T., Tanaka K., Tarasov O.B., Bazin D.,
Morrissey D.J., Sherrill B.M., Ieki K., Murai D., Iwasa
N., Chiba A., Ohkoda Y., Ideguchi E., Go S., YokoyamaR., Fujii T., Nishimura D., Nishibata H., Momota S.,
Lewitowicz M., DeFrance G., Celikovic I., Steiger K.:“Production cross section measurement of radioactive
isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI Beam Factory”, Nucl. Instr. Meth. B 317, 756–768 (2013).*
Matsuda Y., Sakaguchi H., Takeda H., Terashima S.,
Zenihiro J., Kobayashi T., Murakami T., Iwao Y.,
Ichihara T., Suda T., Ohnishi T., Watanabe Y., Otsu H.,
Yoneda K., Satou Y., Ozeki K., Kanazawa M.: “Elastic
scattering of protons from 9 C with a 290 MeV/nucleon
9
C beam”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 034614(8 pages) (2013).*
Wang H., Aoi N., Takeuchi S., Matsushita M., Doornenbal
P., Motobayashi T., Steppenbeck D., Yoneda K., Baba
H., Caceres L., Dombradi Zs., Kobayashi K., Kondo Y.
Lee J., Li K., Liu H., Minakata R., Nishimura D., Otsu
H., Sakaguchi S., Sakurai H., Scheit H., Sohler D., Sun
Y., Tian Z., Tanaka R., Togano Y., Vajta Zs., YangZ., Yamamoto T., Ye Y., Yokoyama R.: “Collectivity
evolution in the neutron–rich Pd isotopes toward the
N=82 shell closure”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 054318(5 pages)(2013).*
Doornenbal P., Scheit H., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Li
K., Matsushita M., Steppenbeck D., Wang H., Baba
H., Crawford H., Hoﬀman C.R., Hughes R., Ideguchi
E., Kobayashi N., Kondo Y., Lee J., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Sakurai H., Takechi M., ToganoY., Winkler R., Yoneda K.: ”In-Beam γ–Ray Spectroscopy of 34,36,38 Mg: Merging the N=20 and N=28
Shell Quenching”, Phys.Rev.Lett.111, 212502(5 pages)(2013).*
Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P., Lee
J., Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go
S., Honma M., Matsui K., Michimasa S., Motobayashi
T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H., Shiga Y.,

Soderstrom P.-A., Sumikama T., Suzuki H., Taniuchi
R., Utsuno Y., Valiente-Dobon J.J., Yoneda K.: ”Investigating the strength of the N = 34 subshell closure in
54
Ca” J.Phys.:Conf.Ser. 445, 012012(4 pages) (2013).*
Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P.,
Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go
S., Honma M., Lee J., Matsui K., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H.,
Shiga Y., Soderstrom P.-A., Sumikama T., Suzuki H.,
Taniuchi R., Utsuno Y., Valiente-Dobon J.J., Yoneda
K.: ”Evidence for a new nuclear ’magic number’ fromthe level structure of 54 Ca”, Nature(London)502, 207–
210 (2013).*
Ueno H. Miyatake H. Yamamoto Y. Tanimoto S. Shimoda
T. Aoi N. Asahi K. Ideguchi E. Ishihara M. Izumi H.
Kishida T. Kubo T. Mitsuoka S. Mizoi Y. Notani M.
Ogawa H. Ozawa A. Sasaki M. Shirakura T. Takahashi
N. Yoneda K: ”β–delayed neutron and γ–ray spectroscopy of 17 C utilizing spin-polarized 17 B”, Phys.Rev.
C87,034316(17 pages)(2013).*
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Yoneda K: ”Unbound-state physics with the SAMURAI
spectrometer in RIKEN RIBF” The Gordon Research
Conference on Nuclear Chemistry, New London, NH,
USA, June 9–14, 2013.*(Domestic Conference)
南方亮吾, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Achouri N.L., Aumann T.,
馬場秀忠, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, GibelinJ., Huang J., 稲辺 尚人, 磯部 忠昭, 亀田 大輔, 簡野 大輝,
Kim S., 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, Leblond S., Lee
J., Marques M., 本林 透, 村井 大地, 村上 哲也, 武藤 琴美,
中嶋 丈嘉, 中塚 徳継, Navin A., 西征 爾郎, 生越 駿, Orr
N.A., 大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏,
高橋 賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ
A.G., Vandebrouck M., 米田健一郎.: “22 C のクーロン分
解反応”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈
川, 3 月 (2014).
生越駿, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Achouri N.L., Aumann T., 馬場
秀忠, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, Gibelin J.,
Huang J., 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Kim
S., 小林 信之, 小林 俊雄, 久保 敏幸, Leblond S., Lee J.,
Marques M., 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤
琴美, 中嶋丈嘉, 中塚徳継, Navin A., 西征爾郎, Orr N.A.,
大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏, 高橋
賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ A.G.,
Vandebrouck M., 米田健一郎.: “19 B のクーロン分解反応”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).
近藤洋介, 中村隆司, Achouri N.L., Aumann T., 馬場秀忠,
Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, Gibelin J., Huang
J., 稲辺尚人, 磯部忠昭, 亀田大輔, 簡野大輝, Kim S., 小林信之, 小林 俊雄, 久保 敏幸, Leblond S., Lee J., MarquesM., 南方亮吾, 本林透, 村井大地, 村上哲也, 武藤琴美, 中嶋- 512 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

丈嘉, 中塚 徳継, Navin A., 西征 爾郎, 生越 駿, Orr N.A.,
大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏, 高橋
賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ A.G.,
Vandebrouck M., 米田健一郎.: “25 C,26 C 非束縛状態の探索”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3
月 (2014).
宮崎卓也, 大津秀暁, Nikolskii E.Y., 志賀慶明, 西村美月, 武内
聡, 佐藤義輝, 黒川明子, 馬場秀忠, Lorusso G., 磯部忠昭,
新倉 潤, Kuzmin E.A., Korsheninnikov A.A., Ogloblin
A.A., Krupko S.A., Golovkov M.S., Bezbakh A.A,
Slepnev R.S., Fomichev A.S., Sidorchuk S.I., Gorshkov
A.V., Knyazev A.G., Papka P., JinØ.H., Kim S. Hwang
J., Choi S., Chae H., Kim E., Kim Y., Lubos D.,
Beaumel D., Soederstroem P.A., 坂口 聡志, 久保野 茂,
Perrevoort A.K., Milman E., Chebotaryov S., PowellW., 本林 透, 米田 健一郎, 櫻井 博儀.: “欠 損 質 量 核 分 光による 8 C 核励起状態の探索”, 日本物理学会第 69 回年次
大会, (東海大学), 神奈川, 3 月 (2014).
石元茂, 小澤顕, 小林俊雄, 鈴木祥仁, 田中純貴, 谷畑勇夫, 森本
喜三夫, Sanetullaev A., Kanungo R.: “TRIUMF-IRIS 実
験用窓なし固体水素ターゲットの開発”, 日本物理学会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).
南方亮吾, 中村隆司, 近藤洋介, Achouri N.L., Aumann T.,
馬場秀忠, Delaunay F., Doornenbal P., 福田直樹, GibelinJ., Huang J., 稲辺 尚人, 磯部 忠昭, 亀田 大輔, 簡野 大輝,
Kim S., 小林信之, 小林俊雄, 久保敏幸, Leblond S., Lee
J., Marques M., 本林 透, 村井 大地, 村上 哲也, 武藤 琴美,
中嶋 丈嘉, 中塚 徳継, Navin A., 西征 爾郎, 生越 駿, Orr
N.A., 大津 秀暁, 佐藤 広海, 佐藤 義輝, 清水 陽平, 鈴木 宏,
高橋 賢人, 竹田 浩之, 武内 聡, 田中 隆己, 栂野 泰宏, Tuﬀ
A.G., Vandebrouck M., 米田 健一郎.: “22 C の 分 解 反 応II”, 日本物理学会, (高知大学), 高知, 9 月 (2013).

- 513 -

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Computing and network Team
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Baba H., Ichihara T., Isobe T., Houarner C., Maugeais C.,
Raine B., Saillant F., Wittwer G., Kurz N., Schaﬀner
H., Gernhäuser R., Anvar S., Calvet D., Château
F., Pollacco E.: “DAQ Coupling in RIKEN RIBF”,
19th REAL TIME CONFERENCE (RT2014) , (RCNP,RIKEN, KEK), Nara, Japan, May (2014).
Baba H.: “Development of FPGA-based NIM logic circuits”, 4th Joint Meeting of the APS Division of Nuclear
Physics and the Physical Society of Japan , Waikoloa,
Hawaii, October (2014).
(Domestic Conference)
馬場秀忠, 市原卓, 大西哲哉, 武内聡, 渡邊康, 吉田光一, 大田晋介, 下浦享: “モジュールマウント型 VME コントローラの開発”, 日本物理学会, (日本物理学会), 平塚, 3 月 (2014).

- 514 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Detector Team
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Sato Y., Taketani A., Fukuda N., Takeda H., Kameda
D., Suzuki H., Shimizu Y., Nishimura D., Fukuda M.,
Inabe N., Murakami H., Yoshida K., Kubo T.: “Energy
Resolution of Gas Ionization Chamber for High-Energy
Heavy Ions”, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 53, 016401 (2014). ＊Sato Y., Shimaoka T., Kaneko H. J., Murakami H.,
Miyazaki D., Tsubota M., Chayahara A., Umezawa H.,
Shikata S.: “Pulse height reduction eﬀects of singlecrystal CVD diamond detector for low-energy heavyions”, Euro. Phys. Let. 104, 22003 (2013). ＊Sato Y., Morita Y., Kanno I., “Performance estimation of
InSb compound semiconductor detectors as a functionof active area using alpha particles”, Nucl. Instr. andMeth. A 737, 1–4 (2014). ＊Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Sato Y.: “Status of Beam Proﬁle, Tracking and Particle Identiﬁcation Detectors at BigRIPS: Issues on High
Rates and Resolution”, 5th Expert Meeting on Challenging Issues of Next-generation High-intensity In-ﬂight
Separators, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan, December (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
佐藤優樹 : \ 位置敏感型平行平板雪崩検出器の基礎特性に関する考察 ", 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季大会 , ( 高知大学 ), 高知 ,9 月 (2013).

- 515 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radiation Biology Team
[Journal]

Publications(Original Papers) *Subject to Peer Review
Ma L., Kazama Y., Inoue H., Abe T., Hatakeyama S. andTanaka S.： “The type of mutations induced by carbonion beam irradiation of the filamentous fungus
Neurospora crassa ” , Fungal Biology 117, 227-238(2013).*
Kazama Y., Hirano T., Nishihara K., Ohbu S., Shirakawa
Y., and Abe T.: “Effect of high-LET Fe-ion beamirradiation on mutation induction in Arabidopsis
thaliana”, Genes Genet. Syst. 88, 189-197 (2013). *Ota S., Matsuda T., Yamazaki T., Kazama Y., Abe T., andKawano S.: “Phenotypic spectrum of Parachlorella
kessleri (Chlorophyta) mutants produced by heavy-ion
irradiation”, Bioresour. Technol. 149, 432-438 (2013). *Tahira C., Shitsukawa N., Kazama Y., Abe T., and Murai
K.: “The Wheat Plastochron Mutant, fushi-darake,
Shows Transformation of Reproductive Spikelet
Meristem into Vegetative Shoot Meristem”, Am. J. Plant
Sci. 4, 28-36 (2013).*
Murai K., Nishiura A., Kazama Y., and Abe T.: “A largescale mutant panel in wheat developed using heavy-ion
beam mutagenesis and its application to genetic
research”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 314, 59-62 (2013). *Ishii K., Nishiyama R., Shibata F., Kazama Y., Abe T., andKawano S.: “Rapid degeneration of noncoding DNA
regions surrounding SlAP3X/Y after recombination
suppression in a dioecious plant, Silene latifolia”, G3:
Genes, Genomes, Genetics. 3: 2121-2130. (2013) *Shirao T., Ueno K., Abe T. and Matsuyama, T. ：“Development of DNA markers for identifying
chrysanthemum cultivars generated by ion-beamirradiation”, Mol. Breeding 31, 729-735 (2013).*
Nakano Y., Takano Y., Ikeda T., Kanai Y., Suda S., Azuma
T., Bräuning H., Bräuning-Demian A., Dauvergne D.,
Stöhlker Th., and Yamazaki Y.: “Resonant coherent
excitation of the lithiumlike uranium ion: A scheme forheavy-ion spectroscopy”, Phys. Rev. A 87, 060501(R)(2013). *Zhou C. L., Simon M., Ikeda T., Guillous S., Iskandar W.,
Méry A., Rangama J., Lebius H., Benyagoub A., Grygiel
C., Müller A., Döbeli M., Tanis J. A., and Cassimi A.:“Transmission of slow highly charged ions through glass
capillaries: Role of the capillary shape”, Phys. Rev. A 88,
050901(R) (2013). *Wickramarachchi S.J., Ikeda T., Keerthisinghe D.,
Dassanayake B.S., and Tanis J.A.: “Angular dependenceof electron transmission through a microsized tapered
glass capillary”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B
317, Part A, P.101-104 (2013). *Nakai Y., Nakano Y., Ikeda T., Kanai Y., Kambara T.,
Fukunishi N., Kondo C., Azuma T., Komaki K., andYamazaki Y.: “Stark effect in resonant coherent
excitation of 2s electron of Li-like Fe23+ ions channelingin a Si crystal”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. B 315,
P.94-98 (2013). *Wickramarachchi S. J., Dassanayake B. S., Keerthisinghe
D., Ikeda T., and Tanis J. A.: “Dependence of electrontransmission on charge deposited in tapered glass
macrocapillaries at a tilt angle of 5.0°”, Phys. Scr. T156,
014057 (2013). *Jin W-G., Katoh K., Minowa T., and Ikeda T.: “Light
Microbeams by Tapered Glass Capillaries for Biological
Irradiation”, J. Comput. Comm. 1, 5-8 (2013). *Mäckel V., Meissl W., Ikeda T., Clever M., Meissl E.,
Kobayashi T., Kojima T. M., Imamoto N., Ogiwara K.,
and Yamazaki Y.: “A novel facility for 3D microirradiation of living cells in a controlled environment by
MeV ions”, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 014302 (2014). *仲條眞介，長谷川聡，吉田宏，漆原昌二，阿部陽，阿部知子，
福西暢尚，龍頭啓充，大清水保見る：“短稈・低アミロースヒエ
新品種「ねばりっこ 1 号」，「ねばりっこ 2 号」，「ねばりっこ 3 号」の育成”，岩手農研センター研究報告 12, 43-60 (2013)(Review)
池田時浩: “総説 ガラスキャピラリー光学系のビーム通過特性と
マ イ ク ロ ビ ー ム 応 用 ”, 原 子 衝 突 学 会 誌 Vol.10, Issue 5,P.125-144 (2013).

[Book・Proceedings](Review)
阿部知子, 平野智也：“ 突然変異（イオンビーム）育種”，農業技術大系 花卉編（追録第 15 号） ，農山漁村文化協会, 東京.
pp. +124-2～12 （2013）(Proceedings)
Furukawa K., Abe T., Tabata S., and Matsuyama T.: ”
Heavy Ion-Beam Breeding and Cultivar Identification
by 'DNA marking' in Cymbidium”, The 11th Asia PacificOrchid Conference, Okinawa, Japan, Vol.11, pp.230-234(2013).

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc. )Onda Y., Tsuchiya Y., Kazama Y., Abe T., Mochida K., andShinozaki K.: “Analysis of heavy ion beam mutants in
Brachypodium distachyon”, Plant and Animal Genome
XXI, San Diego, USA, Jan. (2013)
Sato Y., Yamaguchi M., Hirano T., Hayashi Y., FukunishiN., and Abe T.: ”The development of new tank system for
mutation breeding in Undaria pinnatifida”, 21stInternational Seaweed Symposium, Bali, Indonesia,
April (2013).
Masuyama F., Hokura A., Abe T., Hirano T., Terada Y., andSano T.: ”Study on accumulation mechanism of cadmiumin Tobacco BY-2 cells by SR-XRF analysis”, 4thInternational Symposium on Metallomics, Oviedo, Spain,
July (2013).
Katoh K., Jin W-G., Minowa T., and Ikeda T.: “Propagationof visible light through tapered glass capillaries for
microbeams”, ICPEAC2013 (XXVIII International
Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic
Collisions), Lanzhou, China, July (2013).
Wickramarachchi S., Ikeda T., Keerthisinghe D.,- 516 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Dassanayake B. S., and Tanis J. A.: “Broadening in theenergy distribution of electron beams transmitted
through a micrometer-sized tapered glass capillary”,
ICPEAC2013 (XXVIII International Conference on
Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions), Lanzhou,
China, July (2013).
Cassimi A., Simon M. J., Zhou C. L., Döbeli M., Ikeda T.,
Müller A. M., Benyagoub A., Grygiel C., Guillous S.,
Lebius H., Mery A., Monnet I., Ropars F., and Shiromaru
H.: “Simulation of MeV ion transmission through glass
micro-capillaries”, ICPEAC2013 (XXVIII International
Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic
Collisions), Lanzhou, China, July (2013).
Ikeda T.: “Ion-beam guiding in insulators Dynamic
features of slow highly charge ion beam guided with aglass surface”, ICPEAC2013 (XXVIII International
Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic
Collisions), Lanzhou, China, July (2013).
Ikeda T. and Kojima T. M.: “Dynamic features of slow
highly charge ion beam guided with a glass surface”
ICPEAC2013 (XXVIII International Conference on
Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions), Lanzhou,
China, July (2013).
Ikeda T.: “Application of ion microbeams through tapered
glass capillary optics”, The 21st International
Conference on Ion-Surface Interactions, Yaroslavl,
Russia, Aug. (2013).
Ikeda T.: “Application of ion microbeams produced bytapered glass capillary optics”, Seminar in Institute ofPhysics, Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia, Aug.
(2013).
Ishii K., Morita R., Kogure S., Shibukawa T., Nagamura Y.,
and Abe T.: “Cyclopedic analysis of rice genes induced byheavy-ion beam irradation”, 7th International Rice
Genetics Symposium, Manila, Philippines, Nov. (2013).
Morita R., Takehisa H., Ishii K., Hayashi Y., Kogure S.,
Ichinose K., Tokairin H., Sato T., Saito H., Okumoto Y.,
and Abe T.: “Exome resequencing reveals mutations
induced by heavy-ion beam with LETmax in rice”, 7thInternational Rice Genetics Symposium, Manila,
Philippines, Nov. (2013).
Hirano T.: “Heavy ion beam applications in microbes andplant mutation breeding: modifying bio-informatics andbio-sciences”, Seminar in Hasanuddin University.
Makassar, Indonesia. Dec. (2013).
Ikeda T.: “Transmission Characteristics of keV Highly
Charged Ions and MeV Light Ions Through Single
Tapered Glass Capillaries”, 20th International
Workshop on Inelastic Ion-Surface Collisions (IISC-20),
Wirrina Cove, South Australia, Feb. (2014).
(Domestic Conference)
池田時浩, 加藤幹男, Meissl W., 梅澤憲司,山崎泰規: “ガラスキャピラリーによる大腸菌へのマイクロビーム照射法”, 日本物理学会第 68 回年次大会, 広島, 3 月 (2013).
小暮祥子, 森田竜平, 林依子, 一瀬勝紀, 若菜妙子, 東海林英夫, 石井公太郎, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “重イオンビームで誘発されたイネわい性突然変異体集団の解析”, 日本育種学会第 123 回講演会, 東京, 3 月 (2013).
古川浩二, 阿部知子, 田畑哲之, 松山知樹:” シンビジウム品種
内判別のための DNA マーク開発”, 日本育種学会第 123 回
講演会, 東京, 3 月 (2013).
安井康夫, 林依子, 阿部知子: “重イオンビーム照射を利用した
ソバ S-supergene への突然変異誘導の試み”, 第 9 回イオン
ビーム育種研究会大会, 福井県, 5 月 (2013).
風間裕介, 平野智也, 大部澄江, 白川有希, 阿部知子: “重イオンビーム照射において LET が突然変異の種類や規模へ与える影響”, 第 9 回イオンビーム育種研究会大会, 福井県, 5 月(2013).
高原学, 蝦名真澄, 森田竜平, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 高溝正,中川仁: “重イオンビーム照射によるギニアグラスのアポミクシス
領域欠失変異体の解析”, 第 9 回イオンビーム育種研究会大会, 福井県, 5 月 (2013).
松田尚大, 竹下毅, 三木弥名子, 吉澤有子, 大田修平, 山崎
誠和, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 河野重行: “クロレラ類
Parachlorella kessleri の重イオン照射の効果とデンプン・オ
イル蓄積の動態” 第 9 回イオンビーム育種研究会大会, 福井
県, 5 月 (2013).
阿 部 知 子 , 風 間 裕 介 , 平 野 智 也 : “Mutagenesis か ら
Mutagenomics へ”, 第 52 回ガンマーフィールドシンポジウム「次世代育種の可能性：環境、食糧、エネルギー問題解決へのストラテジー」, 水戸, 7 月(2013).
風間裕介, 平野智也, 石井公太郎, 大部澄江, 白川侑希, 林
祐子, 阿部知子: “高 LET 精密制御照射によるシロイヌナズナのタンデム重複遺伝子破壊技術の確立”, 第 52 回ガンマーフ
ィールドシンポジウム 「次世代育種の可能性：環境、食糧、エ
ネルギー問題解決へのストラテジー」, 水戸, 7 月(2013).
森田竜平, 竹久妃奈子, 石井公太郎, 林依子, 小暮祥子, 一瀬勝紀, 東海林英夫, 佐藤雅志, 齊藤大樹, 奥本裕, 阿部
知子: “重イオンビーム照射によるイネ突然変異体の Exome 解析”, 第 52 回ガンマーフィールドシンポジウム 「次世代育種の可能性：環境、食糧、エネルギー問題解決へのストラテジ
ー」, 水戸, 7 月(2013).
中野道治, 山本浩史, 阿部知子, 林依子, 草場信: “イネ staygreen 突然変異体 fsgl の高精度マッピング”, 第 52 回ガンマーフィールドシンポジウム 「次世代育種の可能性：環境、食糧、エネルギー問題解決へのストラテジー」, 水戸, 7 月(2013).
遠藤貴司, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子, 佐伯研一, 佐藤浩子, 酒井
球絵: “宮城県水稲奨励品種における塩害耐性の評価”, 日本
作物学会東北支部会第 56 回講演会, 福井, 8 月 (2013).
池田時浩: “ガラスキャピラリーによるマイクロビーム生成と細胞照射への応用”, 第 1 回放射線総合センター タンデム加速器共同利用シンポジウム プログラム, 東京, 9 月 (2013).
森田竜平, 竹久妃奈子, 石井公太郎, 林依子, 小暮祥子, 一瀬勝紀, 東海林英夫, 佐藤雅志, 齊藤大樹, 奥本裕, 阿部
知子: “イネ Exome 解析による LETmax での重イオンビーム
突然変異の特徴”, 第 31 回日本植物細胞分子生物学会, 北海道, 9 月 (2013).
平野智也, 風間裕介, 石井公太郎, 大部澄江, 白川侑希, 阿部知子: “シロイヌナズナにおける重イオンビーム誘発突然変異の全ゲノム解析”, 第 31 回日本植物細胞分子生物学会, 北海道, 9 月 (2013).
増山文博, 保倉明子, 阿部知子, 平野智也, 寺田靖子, 佐野
俊夫: “放射光蛍光 X 線分析によるタバコ BY-2 培養細胞におけるカドミウム蓄積機構の解明”, 第 31 回日本植物細胞分子- 517 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

生物学会, 北海道, 9 月 (2013).
石井公太郎, 風間裕介, 阿部知子:“川本法を利用したヒロハノ
マンテマ蕾のレーザーマイクロダイセクション” 日本植物形態学会第 25 回総会・大会, 北海道, 9 月 (2013).
青沼航, 川元寛章, 石井公太郎, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 河野
重行: “雌雄異株植物ヒロハノマンテマの両性花突然変異体における開花同調性と雌雄離熟の出現”, 日本植物形態学会第25 回総会・大会, 北海道, 9 月 (2013).
風間裕介, 平野智也, 石井公太郎, 大部澄江, 白川侑希, 阿部知子: “高 LET 重イオンビームの変異誘発作用とそれを利用したタンデム重複遺伝子の破壊”, 日本植物学会第 77 回大会, 北海道, 9 月 (2013).
青沼航, 川元寛章, 石井公太郎, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 河野
重行: “ヒロハノマンテマ XY 性染色体にある B クラス遺伝子
S1AP3X/Y の欠失変異”, 日本植物学会第 77 回大会, 北海
道, 9 月 (2013).
山﨑誠和, 大田修平, 佐藤聖樹, 竹下毅, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 河野重行: “微細藻類への重イオンビーム照射による突然変異率の算出と凍結保存法による変異体の安定性評価”, 第65 回日本生物工学会大会, 広島, 9 月 (2013).
池田時浩, 小島隆夫: “ガラス板表面の帯電による低速多価イオ
ンビームガイド”, 日本物理学会 2013 年秋季(第 69 回年次)
大会, 徳島, 9 月 (2013).
阿部知子, 平野智也, 風間裕介: “加速器施設の生物利用 - 品
種改良技術の開発と普及”, 日本育種学会第 124 回講演会,
鹿児島, 10 月 (2013).
風間裕介, 平野智也, 阿部知子: “重イオンビームによるオンデ
マンド照射技術の開発”, 日本育種学会第 124 回講演会, 鹿
児島, 10 月 (2013).
石井公太郎, 森田竜平, 竹久妃奈子, 林依子, 小暮祥子, 一瀬勝紀, 東海林英夫, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “イネ重イオンビーム突然変異体の Exome 解析”, 日本育種学会第 124 回講演会, 鹿児島, 10 月 (2013).
高原学, 蝦名真澄, 森田竜平, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 高溝正,中川仁: “重イオンビーム照射によりアポミクシス遺伝子領域に欠失を生じた変異体の解析”, 日本育種学会第 124 回講演会,
鹿児島, 10 月 (2013).
風間裕介, 石井公太郎, 青沼航, 川元寛章, 池田時浩, 松永
杏樹, 河野重行, 阿部知子: “巡回セールスマン問題を応用したヒロハノマンテマ Y 染色体欠失マッピング”, 日本育種学会
第 124 回講演会, 鹿児島, 10 月 (2013).
小林有里奈, 風間裕介, Manickavelu A., 阿部知子, 坂 智広:“野生オオムギ Hordeum bulbosum L. の球茎形成過程におけるフィトクロム遺伝子発現解析と重イオンビームによる変異体作出”, 日本育種学会第 124 回講演会, 鹿児島, 10 月
(2013).
西浦愛子, 風間裕介, 阿部知子, 水野信之, 那須田周平, 村
井 耕 二 : “ 一 粒 系 コ ム ギ 極 早 生 突 然 変 異 体 extra earlyflowering 1 (exe1) および exe3 は Wheat PHYTOCLOCK
1 遺伝子の欠失突然変異体である”, 日本育種学会第 124 回講演会, 鹿児島, 10 月 (2013).
阿部知子: “加速器が生んだ吟醸酒 理研ブランド清酒「仁科誉」”, 日本化学会秋季事業 第 3 回 CSJ 化学フェスタ 2013,
東京, 10 月 (2013).
阿部知子: “重イオン加速器（サイクロトロン）を用いた品種改良技術の開発”, アグリビジネス創出フェア 2013, 東京, 10 月
(2013).

小暮祥子, 森田竜平, 林依子, 一瀬勝紀, 若菜妙子, 山田美恵子, 東海林英夫, 石井公太郎, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “重イオンビームで誘発されたイネ矮性変異体集団を用いた DNA
変異の解析”, 植物化学調節学会第 48 回大会, 新潟, 10 月11 月 (2013).
阿部知子: “重イオンビーム育種技術で「日本ブランド」の花を創る”, 花き新品種育成研修会, 静岡, 11 月 (2013).
阿部知子: “量子ビームを用いて「東北ブランド」の新しい農林水
産物を創る”, 第 126 回東北大学金属材料研究所講演会, 宮城, 11 月 (2013).
阿部知子: “高速重イオンビーム照射による品種改良技術の開発”, 2013 植物科学シンポジウム 持続可能資源の開発に向けた植物科学, 東京, 12 月 (2013).
佐藤陽一, 山口正希, 平野智也, 福西暢尚, 阿部知子, 河野
重行: “大型褐藻類の選抜育種に使用する新型水槽設備の開発”, 日本藻類学会第 38 回大会, 船橋, 3 月 (2014).
森田竜平, 石井公太郎, 竹久妃奈子, 林依子, 小暮祥子, 一瀬勝紀, 東海林英夫, 佐藤雅志, 阿部知子: “エキソーム解析
によるイネ変異遺伝子の迅速決定”, 日本育種学会第 125 回講演会, 仙台, 3 月 (2014).
平野智也, 風間裕介, 石井公太郎, 大部澄江, 白川侑希, 阿部知子: “全ゲノム解析で明らかとなった重イオンビーム誘発染色体再編成”, 日本育種学会第 125 回講演会, 仙台, 3 月(2014).
風間裕介, 石井公太郎, 青沼航, 川元寛章, 河野重行, 阿部
知子: “川本法 LMD と Y 染色体発現アレイを用いたヒロハノ
マンテマ性決定遺伝子の絞込み”, 日本育種学会第 125 回講演会, 仙台, 3 月 (2014).
道坂怜生, 増岡千裕, 津山睦, 阿部知子, 田中朋之: “イネ突然変異系統 13-45 における白未熟粒発生機構の解析”, 日本作物学会第 237 回講演会, 千葉, 3 月 (2014).

- 518 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RI Applications Team
[Journal]

Publications(Original Papers)*Subject to Peer Review
Khandaker M. U., Haba H., Kanaya J., and Otuka N.:“Excitation functions of (d,x) nuclear reactions on
natural titanium up to 24 MeV”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth.
B 296, 14 (2013).*
Asai M., Tsukada K., Sakama M., Haba H., Ichikawa T.,
Ishii Y., Toyoshima A., Ishii T., Nishinaka I., Nagame Y.,
Kasamatsu Y., Shibata M., Kojima Y., and Hayashi H.:“Ground-state configuration of the N = 157 nucleus
259No”, Phys. Rev. C 87, 014332 (2013).*
Sumita T., Morimoto K., Kaji D., Haba H., Ozeki K., SakaiR., Yoneda A., Yoshida A., Hasebe H., Katori K., Sato N.,
Wakabayashi Y., Mitsuoka S., Goto S., Murakami M.,
Kariya Y., Tokanai F., Mayama K., Takeyama M.,
Moriya T., Ideguchi E., Yamaguchi T., Kikunaga H.,
Chiba J., and Morita K.: “New result on the productionof 277Cn by the 208Pb + 70Zn reaction”, J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.
82, 024202 (2013).*
Motomura S., Kanayama Y., Hiromura M., Fukuchi T., Ida
T., Haba H., Watanabe Y., and Enomoto S.: “Improved
imaging performance of a semiconductor Compton
camera GREI makes for a new methodology to integratebio-metal analysis and molecular imaging technology inliving organisms”, J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 28, 934(2013).*
Kasamatsu Y., Toyoshima A., Toume H., Tsukada K., Asai
M., Haba H., and Nagame Y.: “Adsorption behavior of
95Nb and 179Ta as homologues of element 105, Db, on
cation exchanger in HF/HNO3 solution”, J. Nucl.
Radiochem. Sci. 13, 9 (2013).*
Murakami M., Goto S., Murayama H., Kojima T., Kudo H.,
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Kudou Y., Sumita T.,
Sakai R., Yoneda A., Morita K., Kasamatsu Y., Kikunaga
H., and Sato T. K.: “Excitation functions for productionof Rf isotopes in the 248Cm + 18O reaction”, Phys. Rev. C
88, 024618 (2013).*
Khandaker M. U., Haba H., Kanaya J., and Otuka N.:“Activation cross-sections of deuteron-induced nuclear
reactions on natural iron up to 24 MeV”, Nucl. Instr. andMeth. B 316, 33 (2013).*
Toyoshima A., Li Z., Asai M., Sato N., Sato T., Kikuchi T.,
Kaneya Y., Kitatsuji Y., Tsukada K., Nagame Y., Schädel
M., Ooe K., Kasamatsu Y., Shinohara A., Haba H., andEven J.: “Measurement of the Md3+/Md2+ reduction
potential studied with flow electrolytic chromatography”,
Inorg. Chem. 52, 12311 (2013).*
Schury P., Wada M., Ito Y., Naimi S., Sonoda T., Mita H.,
Takamine A., Okada K., Wollnik H., Chon S., Haba H.,
Kaji D., Koura H., Miyatake H., Morimoto K., Morita K.,
and Ozawa A.: “A multi-reflection time-of-flight mass
spectrograph for short-lived and super-heavy nuclei”,
Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 317, 537 (2013).*

HirataJ.,
Takahashi
K.,
andTanakaM.:“Determination method of multi elements inferromanganese samples by LA-ICP-MS”, Anal. Sci. 29,
151 (2013).*
Tanaka M. and Takahashi K.: “Ionised silica in theestuary of a river as supply to seawater: Identificationand ionization efficiency of silica species by FAB-MS”,
Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 121, 1 (2013).*
Tanaka M., Takahashi K., Nemoto M., and Horimoto N.:“Selectivity of silica species in ocean observed fromseasonal and local changes”, Spectrochim. Acta Part A
Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 104, 423 (2013).*
南武志, 今津節生, 北川路子, 牧田碧夏, 西川恵祐, 永松剛,
田中龍彦, 卜部達也, 木寺正憲, 石塚香織, 高久雄一, 高橋
和也: “鉛同位体比測定に基づく遺跡から出土した朱（水銀朱）の産地の解析”, 分析化学 62, 825 (2013).*
南武志, 河野摩耶, 古川登, 高橋和也, 武内章記, 今津節生:“硫黄同位体分析による西日本日本海沿岸の弥生時代後期から古墳時代の墳墓における朱の産地同定の試み”, 地球
化学 47, 237 (2013).*
Gan Z. G., Ma L., Yu L., Yang H. B., Huang T. H., Li G. S.,
Tian Y. L., Wang Y. S., Xu X. X., Wu X. L., Huang M. H.,
Luo C., Ren Z. Z., Zhou S. G., Zhou X. H., Xu H. S., andXiao G. Q.: “α decay of the new neutron-deficient isotope
205Ac”, Phys. Rev. C 89, 014308 (2014).*
Urabe T., Takahashi K., Kitagawa M., Sato T., Kondo T.,
Enomoto S., Kidera M., and Seto Y.: “Development of
portable mass spectrometer with electron cyclotron
resonance ion source for detection of chemical warfare
agents in air”, Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol.
Spectrosc. 120, 437 (2014).*
Haba H., Huang M., Kaji D., Kanaya J., Kudou Y.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami M., Ozeki K., SakaiR., Sumita T., Wakabayashi Y., Yoneda A., Kasamatsu Y.,
Kikutani Y., Komori Y., Nakamura K., Shinohara A.,
Kikunaga H., Kudo H., Nishio K., Toyoshima A., and262Db
TsukadaK.:“Production
of
in
the
248Cm(19F,5n)262Db reaction and decay properties of
262Db and 258Lr”, Phys. Rev. C 89, 024618 (2014).*
Sato N., Sato T. K., Asai M., Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Li
Z. J., Nishio K., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Haba H.,
Ichikawa S., and Kikunaga H.: “Production of 256Lr inthe 249,250,251Cf + 11B, 243Am + 18O, and 248Cm + 14N
reactions”, Radiochim. Acta 102, 211 (2014).*[Book · Proceedings](Original Papers)*Subject to Peer Review
Khandaker M. U., Haba H., Kanaya J., Otuka N.,
Kassima H. A., and Amina Y. M.: “Investigations of
natTi(d,x)48V nuclear reactions for beam monitoring
purposes”, AIP Conf. Proc. 1528, 433 (2013).*(Others)
高橋和也: “ベーシックマスター 分析化学 第 14 章 質量分
析”, オーム社 (2013).

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Urabe T., Kidera M., Kitagawa M., Nagamatsu T., Toda M.,- 519 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Makita M., and Takahashi K.: “New method forcomprehensive detection of trace elements inenvironmental or biochemical materials using anelectron-cyclotron-resonanceion-sourcemassspectrometer”, 5th International Congress of theFederation of the European Societies for Trace Elements
and Materials, (Federation of the European Societies forTrace Elements and Minerals), Avignon, France, May(2013).
Haba H.: “Chemistry of superheavy elements”, RIKEN–CAS IMP Joint Workshop, (RIKEN), Wako, Japan,
April (2013).
Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba H., Asai M.,
Sato T., Brand H., Di Nitto A., Eichler R., Fangli F.,
Hartmann W., Huang M., Jäger E., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V.,
Krier J., Kudou Y., Kurz N., Lommel B., Miyashita S.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Nagame Y., Nitsche H., Ooe K.,
Schädel M., Steiner J., Sumita T., Tanaka K.,
Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A., Usoltsev I.,
Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N., Yamaki S., and
Qin Z.: “Sg(CO)6 – First organometallic complex of asuperheavy element”, XXXIII Mazurian Lakes
Conference on Physics, Frontiers in Nuclear Physics,(National Centre for Nuclear Research and Universityof Warsaw), Piaski, Poland, Sept. (2013).
Di Nitto A., Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba
H., Asai M., Sato T., Brand H., Eichler R., Fangli F.,
Hartmann W., Huang M., Jäger E., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V.,
Krier J., Kudou Y., Kurz N., Lommel B., Miyashita S.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Nagame Y., Nitsche H., Ooe K.,
Schädel M., Steiner J., Sumita T., Tanaka K.,
Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A., Usoltsev I.,
Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N., Yamaki S., and
Qin Z.: “Decay spectroscopy of 265Sg after combined
physical and chemical separation”, XXXIII Mazurian
Lakes Conference on Physics, Frontiers in Nuclear
Physics, (National Centre for Nuclear Research andUniversity of Warsaw), Piaski, Poland, Sept. (2013).
Haba H.: “Coupling superheavy element chemistry torecoil separators”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of
the Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy
Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Ooe K., Tsukada K., Asai M., Sato T. K., Toyoshima A.,
Miyashita S., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Kaneya Y.,
Lerum H. V., Omtvedt J. P., Kratz J. V., Haba H., Wada
A., and Kitayama Y.: “Development of new degasser
with a hydrophobic membrane for SISAK system”, 8thWorkshop on the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements(CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), Takayama,
Japan, Sept. (2013).
Yokokita T., Kino A., Nakamura K., Komori Y., Toyomura
K., Kasamatsu Y., Takahashi N., Yoshimura T., Kudou
Y., Haba H., Kanaya J., Huang M., and Shinohara A.:“Extraction of group 4 and 5 elements and developmentof rapid extraction apparatuses for Rf and Db

experiments”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the
Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy
Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Tsukada K., Toyoshima A., Asai M., Kasamatsu Y., Li Z.
J., Ishii Y., Haba H., Sato T. K., Nagame Y., andSchädel M.: “Studies of ion-exchange chromatographic
behavior of Rf and Db using automated rapid chemical
separation apparatuses in JAEA”, 8th Workshop on theChemistry of the Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan
Atomic Energy Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Toyoshima A., Li Z. J., Asai M., Sato N., Sato T. K.,
Kikuchi T., Kaneya Y., Kitatsuji Y., Tsukada K.,
Nagame Y., Schädel M., Ooe K., Kasamatsu Y., Kogama
Y., Shinohara A., Haba H., and Evan J.: “Electrolytic
reduction of mendelevium using a flow electrolytic
column”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the
Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy
Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Kitayama Y., Shigeyoshi Y., Yokoyama A., Toyoshima A.,
Tsukada K., Ooe K., Maeda E., Kimura H., Kikunaga H.,
Kudou Y., Kanaya J., Huang M., and Haba H.:“Adsorption behavior of Zr and Hf to TTA-resin in
microcolumn for determining the forming ability of Rf
monofluoride complex”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistryof the Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic
Energy Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Murakami M., Goto S., Murayama H., Kojima T., Kaji D.,
Morimoto K., Haba H., Kudou Y., Sumita T., Sakai R.,
Yoneda A., Morita K., Kasamatsu Y., Kikunaga H., SatoT. K., and Kudo H.: “Excitation functions for productionof Rf isotopes in 248Cm + 18O reaction”, 8th Workshop on
the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements (CHE 8),(Japan Atomic Energy Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Komori Y., Yokokita T., Nakamura K., Toyomura K.,
Masashi M., Kikunaga H., Kasamatsu Y., Takahashi N.,
Yoshimura T., Haba H., Kanaya J., Huang M., Kudou
Y., Toyoshima A., and Shinohara A.: “Development ofliquid scintillation α/SF detection system for aqueous
chemical studies of Sg”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistryof the Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic
Energy Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Miyashita S., Toyoshima A., Ooe K., Sato T. K., Asai M.,
Tsukada K., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Kaneya Y., Haba
H., Kanaya J., Huang M., Wada A., Akiyama K.,
Kitayama Y., Yokoyama A., Kratz J. V., Lerum H. V.,
and Omtvedt J. P.: “Extraction behavior of hexavalentand reduced Mo and W with 4-isopropyltropolone(Hinokitiol)”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the
Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy
Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Kasamatsu Y., Toyomura K., Yokokita T., Haba H.,
Kanaya J., Kudou Y., Morita K., Kikunaga H., OhtsukiT., Mitsugashira T., and Shinohara A.: “Hydroxide
coprecipitation with Sm investigated for various
elements using multitracer –For the application of- 520 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

precipitation
methodtosuperheavy
elementchemistry–”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the
Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy
Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba H., Asai M.,
Sato T., Brand H., Di Nitto A., Eichler R., Fangli F.,
Hartmann W., Huang M., Jäger E., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kratz J. V., Krier J.,
Kuboki Y. K., Lommel B., Kurz N., Miyashita S.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Nagame Y., Nitsche H., Ooe K.,
Schädel M., Steiner J., Sumita T., Tanaka K.,
Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A., Usoltsev I.,
Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N., Yamaki S., and
Qin Z.: “Sg(CO)6 – The first organometallic
transactinide complex opening a window to a newcompound class”, 8th Workshop on the Chemistry of the
Heaviest Elements (CHE 8), (Japan Atomic Energy
Agency), Takayama, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Wakabayashi Y., Kudou Y.,
Huang M., Goto S., Murakami M., Goto N., Koyama T.,
Tamura N., Tsuto S., Sumita T., Tanaka K., TakeyamaM., Yamaki S., and Morita K.: “Startup of a newgas-filled recoil separator GARIS-II”, The 5th
Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13(APSORC13), (The Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Kasamatsu Y., Yokokita T., Kino A., Nakamura K.,
Toyomura K., Komori Y., Takahashi N., Haba H.,
Kanaya J., Huang M., Kudou Y., Yoshimura T., andShinohara A.: “Development of a batch-type solid-liquid
extraction
apparatusforrepetitive
extraction
experiment of element 104, Rf”, The 5th Asia-PacificSymposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (TheJapan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences),
Kanazawa, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Toyomura K., Kasamatsu Y., Shiohara N., Yokokita T.,
Komori Y., Nakamura K., Takahashi N., Yoshimura T.,
Haba H., Kudou Y., Kikunaga H., Ohtsuki T., Takamiya
K., Mitsugashira T., and Shinohara A.: “Coprecipitationof Zr, Hf and Th with Sm hydroxide for chemical studyof Rf”, The 5th Asia-Pacific Symposium onRadiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (The Japan Society of
Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa,
Japan, Sept. (2013).
Haba H.: “Production and decay studies of transactinide
nuclides with GARIS at RIKEN”, The 5th Asia-PacificSymposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (TheJapan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences),
Kanazawa, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba H., Asai M.,
Sato T., Brand H., Di Nitto A., Eichler R., Fangli F.,
Hartmann W., Huang M., Jäger E., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V.,
Krier J., Kudou Y., Kurz N., Lommel B., Miyashita S.,
Morimoto K., Morita K., Nagame Y., Nitsche H., Ooe K.,
Schädel M., Steiner J., Sumita T., Tanaka K.,

Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A., Usoltsev I.,
Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N., Yamaki S., and
Qin Z.: “Sg(CO)6 – The first organometallic
transactinide complex opening a window to a newcompound class”, The 5th Asia-Pacific Symposium onRadiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (The Japan Society of
Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa,
Japan, Sept. (2013).
Murakami M., Tsuto S., Ooe K., Haba H., Kanaya J., GotoS., and Kudo H.: “Extraction behavior of Nb and Ta in
HF solutions with tributyl phosphate”, The 5th
Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13(APSORC13), (The Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Huang M., Asai M., Haba H., Kaji D., Kanaya J.,
Kasamatsu Y., Kikunaga H., Kikutani Y., Komori Y.,
Kudo H., Kudou Y., Morimoto K., Morita K., Murakami
M., Nakamura K., Ozeki K., Sakai R., Shinohara A.,
Sumita T., Tanaka K., Toyoshima A., Tsukada K.,
Wakabayashi Y., and Yoneda A.: “Production of 88Nb
and 170Ta for chemical studies of element 105 Db using
the GARIS gas-jet system”, The 5th Asia-PacificSymposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (TheJapan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences),
Kanazawa, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Toyoshima A., Miyashita S., Asai M., Sato T. K., Kaneya
Y., Tsukada K., Kitatsuji Y., Nagame Y., Schädel M.,
Lerum H. V., Omtvedt J. P., Oshimi Y., Ooe K.,
Kitayama Y., Yokoyama A., Wada A., Oura Y., Haba H.,
Kanaya J., Huang M., Komori Y., Yokokita T.,
Kasamatsu Y., Shinohara A., Pershina V., and Kratz J.
V.: “Chemical studies of Mo and W in preparation of aseaborgium (Sg) reduction experiment using MDG, FEC,
and SISAK”, The 5th Asia-Pacific Symposium onRadiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (The Japan Society of
Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa,
Japan, Sept. (2013).
Ooe K., Tsukada K., Asai M., Sato T. K., Toyoshima A.,
Miyashita S., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Kaneya Y.,
Lerum H. V., Omtvedt J. P., Kratz J. V., Haba H., Wada
A., and Kitayama Y.: “Development of a new continuous
dissolution apparatus with a hydrophobic membrane forsuperheavy element chemistry”, The 5th Asia-PacificSymposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (TheJapan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences),
Kanazawa, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Koyama T., Goto N., Murakami M., Ooe K., Haba H.,
Kaneya J., Goto S., and Kudo H.: “Development of a
rapid solvent extraction technique with flow injection
analysis for superheavy element chemistry”, The 5th
Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13(APSORC13), (The Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Komori Y., Yokokita T., Toyomura K., Nakamura K.,
Kasamatsu Y., Haba H., Kanaya J., Huang M., Kudou- 521 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Y., Toyoshima A., Takahashi N., and Shinohara A.:“Solid-liquid extraction of Mo and W by Aliquat 336
from HF and HCl solutions towards extraction
chromatography experiments of Sg”, The 5th
Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13(APSORC13), (The Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Tsukada K., Toyoshima A., Asai M., Kasamatsu Y., Li Z.
J., Ishii Y., Haba H., Sato T. K., Nagame Y., andSchädel M.: “Chemical studies of Rf and Db inliquid-phases using automated rapid chemical
separation apparatuses at JAEA”, The 5th Asia-PacificSymposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), (TheJapan Society of Nuclear and Radiochemical Sciences),
Kanazawa, Japan, Sept. (2013).
Miyashita S., Toyoshima A., Ooe K., Asai M., Sato T. K.,
Tsukada K., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Kaneya Y., Haba
H., Kanaya J., Huang M., Kitayama Y., Yokoyama A.,
Wada A., Oura Y., Kratz J. V., Lerum H. V., andOmtvedt J. P.: “Solvent extraction of hexavalent Mo andWusing
4-isopropyltropolone(Hinokitiol)
forseaborgium (Sg) reduction experiment”, The 5th
Asia-Pacific Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13(APSORC13), (The Japan Society of Nuclear andRadiochemical Sciences), Kanazawa, Japan, Sept.
(2013).
Even J., Yakushev A., Düllmann Ch. E., Haba H., Asai M.,
Sato T. K., Ackermann D., Block M., Brand H., Di
Nitto A., Eichler R., Fangli F., Hartmann W.,
Hessberger F. P., Huang M., Jäger E., Kaji D., Kanaya
J., Kaneya Y., Khuyagbaatar J., Kindler B., Kratz J. V.,
Krier J., Kudou Y., Kurz N., Lommel B., Maurer J.,
Miyashita S., Morimoto K., Morita K., Nagame Y.,
Nitsche H., Ooe K., Schädel M., Steiner J., Sumita T.,
Tanaka K., Toyoshima A., Tsukada K., Türler A.,
Usoltsev I., Wakabayashi Y., Wang Y., Wiehl N.,
Yamaki S., and Qin Z.: “In-situ synthesis of volatilecarbonyl complex with short-lived isotopes”, The Third
International
ConferenceonApplicationofRadiotraCers and Energetic Beams in Sciences(ARCEBS-14), (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics),
Kolkata, India, Jan. (2014).
Khandaker M. U., Haba H., Murakami M., Otuka N., andKassim H. A.: “Activation cross sections of
deuteron-induced reactions on natural copper up to 24
MeV”, The Third International Conference on
Application of RadiotraCers and Energetic Beams in
Sciences (ARCEBS-14), (Saha Institute of Nuclear
Physics), Kolkata, India, Jan. (2014).
Haba H.: “Present status and perspectives of superheavy
element nuclear chemistry at RIKEN GARIS”, The
Third International Conference on Application ofRadiotraCers and Energetic Beams in Sciences(ARCEBS-14), (Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics),
Kolkata, India, Jan. (2014).
Haba H.: “Production of 261Rf, 262Db, and 265Sg forchemical studies using the gas-jet transport system
coupled to GARIS”, Fifth Symposium on Nuclear
Analytical Chemistry (NAC-V), (Bhabha Atomic
Research Centre), Mumbai, India, Jan. (2014).
Haba H.: “Production and decay studies of 261Rf, 262Db,
and 265Sg at GARIS@RIKEN”, 16th ASRC International
Workshop “Nuclear Fission and Structure of Exotic
Nuclei”, (Japan Atomic Energy Agency), Tokai, Japan,
Mar. (2014).
(Domestic Conference)
高橋和也: “鉛同位体測定に基づく弥生時代後期から古墳時代前期にかけての遺跡から出土した水銀朱の産地同定の試み”, 日本分析化学会第 62 年会, (日本分析化学会), 大阪,
9 月 (2013).
笠松良崇, 豊村恵悟, 横北卓也, 羽場宏光, 金谷淳平, 工藤
祐生, 森田浩介, 菊永英寿, 大槻勤, 三頭聰明, 篠原厚: “マルチトレーサーを用いた様々な元素の水酸化サマリウム
共沈”, 日本化学会第 94 春季年会, (日本化学会), 名古屋市,
3 月 (2014).
豊村恵悟, 笠松良崇, 横北卓也, 塩原直也, 小森有希子, 重河優大, 吉村崇, 高橋成人, 菊永英寿, 大槻勤, 三頭聰明,
羽場宏光, 金谷淳平, 黄明輝, 村上昌史, 工藤祐生, 森田浩介, 高宮幸一, 篠原厚: “104 番元素 Rf の希アンモニア水中での水酸化サマリウム共沈挙動”, 日本化学会第 94 春季
年会, (日本化学会), 名古屋市, 3 月 (2014).

- 522 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Industrial Cooperation Team
[Journal]

Publications(Original Papers)*Subject to Peer Review
Yoshida A., Kambara T., Nakao A., Uemoto R., Uno H.,
Nagano A., Yamaguchi H., Nakao T., Kahl D.,
Yanagisawa Y., Kameda D., Ohnishi T., Fukuda N.,
Kubo T., “Wear diagnostics of industrial material using
RI beams of 7Be and 22Na”, Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res. B 317, 785-788(2013).

Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Yoshida A., et al., “Wear diagnostics of industrial materialusing RI beams of 7Be and 22Na”, 16th International
Conference on Electromagnetic Iso-tope Separators andTechniques Related to their Applications (EMIS2012),
Matsue, Dec.(2012)(Domestic Conference)
吉田敦: “RI ビームの工業応用－表面摩耗量検査法の開発－”,
理研シンポジウム第 16 回「トライボコーティングの弁城と将来」, (トライボコーティング技術研究会), 和光, 2 月(2014).

- 523 -

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Safety Management Group
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Iimoto T., Uwamino Y., Kawano T.: “Fundamentals ofRadiation Measurement”, Journal of Plasma and Fusion
Research 89, No. 9, pp. 629–634 (2013).
Uwamino Y.: “Relation between Surface Dose Rate andInduced Radioactivity”, Japanese Journal of Radiation
Safety Management 12, No. 1, pp. 36–40 (2013). ＊Tanaka K., Inabe N., Yoshida K., Kusaka K., and Kubo
T.: “Pillow seal system at the BigRIPS separator”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B
317, pp. 734–738 (2013). ＊[Book・Proceedings]（Review）
高淵雅廣, 上蓑義朋, 小木曽洋一, 桧垣正吾: 5 版 やさしい放射線とアイソトープ, 公益社団法人 日本アイソトープ協会,
東京都, (2014).
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Tanaka K., Inabe N., Yoshida K., Kusaka K., and Kubo
T.: “Evaluation of radiation level and comparison withPHITS calculation for BigRIPS separator in RIBF”,
ANS(American nuclear society) winter meeting 2013,(米国原子力学会), Washington D.C., USA, Nov. (2013).
(Domestic Conference)
上蓑義朋: “加速器施設におけるサーベイメータを用いた放射化物判断の可能性”, 日本原子力学会「2013 年秋の大会」,(日本原子力学会), 八戸市, 9 月 (2013).
上蓑義朋: “サーベイメータを用いた放射化物の評価”, 日本
放射線安全管理学会第 12 回学術大会, (日本放射線安全管理学会), 札幌市, 11 月 (2013).
上蓑義朋: “加速器施設における安全管理の経験と課題”, 加速器施設安全シンポジウム, (高エネルギー加速器研究機
構、日本原子力研究開発機構、J-PARC センター), 東京都, 12 月 (2013).
向井弘樹, 上蓑義朋: “ドラム缶に収納した放射化物の定量方法の検討”, 平成 25 年度放射線安全取扱部会年次大会 (第54 回放射線管理研修会), (日本アイソトープ協会放射線安全取扱部会), 鹿児島市, 11 月 (2013).

- 524 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

CNS (Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate Schoolof Science, University of Tokyo)
Publications[Journal](Original Papars) *Subject to Peer Review
Adare A., et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], “Azimuthal
anisotropy of π 0 and eta mesons in Au+Au collisions√
at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 064910 (2013)
Abelev B. B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration]. “KS0 and Λ√
production in Pb-Pb collisions at sN N = 2.76 TeV”,
Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, no. 22, 222301 (2013)
Abelev B. B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Long-range
angular correlations of pi, K and p in p–Pb collisions at√
sN N = 5.02 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 726, 164 (2013)
Abelev B. B.,et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Multiplicity
dependence of two-particle azimuthal correlations in pp
collisions at the LHC”, JHEP 1309, 049 (2013)
Abelev B. B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Multiplicity
dependence of the average transverse momentum in pp,
p-Pb, and Pb-Pb collisions at the LHC”, Phys. Lett. B
727, 371 (2013)
Abelev B. B.,et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Energy Dependence of the Transverse Momentum Distributions ofCharged Particles in pp Collisions Measured by ALICE”,
Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2662 (2013)
Abelev B. B. et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Directed
Flow of Charged Particles at Midrapidity Relative to√
the Spectator Plane in Pb-Pb Collisions at sN N =2.76
TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, no. 23, 232302 (2013)
Abbas E., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Performance of
the ALICE VZERO system”, JINST 8, P10016 (2013)
Adare A., et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], “Nuclear Modiﬁcation of ψ ′ , χc , and J/ψ Production in d+Au Colli√
sions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, no.
20, 202301 (2013)
Abelev B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “D meson el√liptic ﬂow in non-central Pb-Pb collisions at sN N =2.76TeV”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 102301 (2013)
Abbas E. et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Mid-rapidity√
anti-baryon to baryon ratios in pp collisions at s =0.9, 2.76 and 7 TeV measured by ALICE”, Eur. Phys.
J. C 73, 2496 (2013)
Abbas E., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Charmonium
and e+ e− pair photoproduction at mid-rapidity in ultra√
peripheral Pb-Pb collisions at sN N = 2.76 TeV”, Eur.
Phys. J. C 73, 2617 (2013)
Adare A., et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], “Spectra andratios of identiﬁed particles in Au+Au and d+Au colli√
sions at sN N = 200 GeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88, no. 2,024906 (2013)
Abbas E., et al. [ALICE Collaboration] “Centrality dependence of the pseudorapidity density distribution for√charged particles in Pb-Pb collisions at sN N = 2.76
TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 726, 610 (2013)- 525 -

Abbas E., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “J/ψ Elliptic√
Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at sN N = 2.76 TeV”, Phys.
Rev. Lett. 111, 162301 (2013)
Adare A., et al. [PHENIX Collaboration], “Quadrupole
Anisotropy in Dihadron Azimuthal Correlations in Cen√
tral d+Au Collisions at sN N =200 GeV”, Phys. Rev.
Lett. 111, no. 21, 212301 (2013)
Abelev B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Centrality dependence of π, K, p production in Pb-Pb collisions at√
sN N = 2.76 TeV”, Phys. Rev. C 88, no. 4, 044910(2013)
Abelev B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Centrality de√termination of Pb-Pb collisions at sN N = 2.76 TeV
with ALICE”, Phys. Rev. C 88, no. 4, 044909 (2013)
Abelev B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Charge correlations using the balance function in Pb-Pb collisions at√
sN N = 2.76 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 723, 267 (2013)
Abelev B., et al. [ALICE Collaboration], “Measurement of
the inclusive diﬀerential jet cross section in pp collisions√
at s = 2.76 TeV”, Phys. Lett. B 722, 262 (2013)
He J.J., Zhang L.Y., Parikh A., Xu S.W., Yamaguchi
H., Kahl D., Kubono S., Hu J., Ma P., Chen
S.Z., Wakabayashi Y., Sun B.H., Wang H.W., Tian
W.D., Chen R.F., Guo B., Hashimoto T., Togano
Y., Hayakawa S., Teranishi T., Iwasa N., Yamada T.,
Komatsubara T., “The 18 Ne(α, p)21 Na breakout reaction in x-ray bursts: Experimental determination of
spin-parities for α resonances in 22 Mg via resonant elastic scattering of 21 Na+p”, Phys. Rev. C 88 012801(R)(2013).
Jin S.J., Wang Y.B., Su J., Yan S.Q., Li Y.J., Guo B., Li
Z.H., Zeng S., Lian G., Bai X.X., Liu W.P., Yamaguchi
H., Kubono S., Hu J., Kahl D., Jung H.S., Moon J.Y.,
Lee C.S., Teranishi T., Wang H.W., Ishiyama H., Iwasa
N., Komatsubara T., Brown B.A., “Resonant scattering of 22 Na + p studied by the thick-target inversekinematic method”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 035801 (2013).
Muto H., Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Oyaizu
M., Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kase M., Hattori T.,
Shimoura S., “Grating monochromator for electron cyclotron resonance ion source operation”, Review of Scientiﬁc Instruments 84 073304 (2013).
Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Kobayashi K.,
Kotaka Y., Nishimura M., Kase M., Muto H.,
Yamaguchi H., Shimoura S., “Production of beams fromsolid materials at center for nuclear study electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Rev. of Sci. Instrum. 85
02A912 (2013).
Duy N., Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Wakabayashi
Y., Teranishi T., Iwasa N., Kwon Y., Khiem L., Kim Y.,
Song J., Hu J., Ayyad Y., “Low-energy radioactive ion
beam production of 22 Mg”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in
Phys. Res. A, 723 99–101 (2013).
He J.J., Zhang L.Y., Parikh A., Xu S.W., Yamaguchi
H., Kahl D., Kubono S., Hu J., Ma P., Chen

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

S.Z., Wakabayashi Y., Sun B.H., Wang H.W., Tian
W.D., Chen R.F., Guo B., Hashimoto T., Togano
Y., Hayakawa S., Teranishi T., Iwasa N., Yamada T.,
Komatsubara T., “The 18 Ne(α,p)21 Na breakout reactionin x-ray bursts: Experimental determination of spinparities for α resonances in 22 Mg via resonant elastic
scattering of 21 Na+p”, Phys. Rev. C 88, 012801(R)(2013).
Zhang L.Y., He J.J., Parikh A., Xu S.W., Yamaguchi H.,
Kahl D., Kubono S., Mohr P., Hu J., Ma P., Chen S.Z.,
Wakabayashi Y., Wang H.W., Tian W.D., F. R., Guo
B., Hashimoto T., Togano Y., Hayakawa S., TeranishiT., Iwasa N., Yamada T., Komatsubara T., Zhang
Y.H., Zhou X.H., “Investigation of the thermonuclear
18
Ne(α,p)21 Na reaction rate via resonant elastic scattering of 21 Na+p” Phys. Rev. C 89 (2014) 015804.
Satou Y., Hwang J.W., Kim S., Tshoo K., Choi S.,
Nakamura T., Kondo Y., Matsui N., Hashimoto Y.,
Nakabayashi T., Okumura T., Shinohara M., FukudaN., Sugimoto T., Otsu H., Togano Y., Motobayashi
T., Sakurai H., Yanagisawa Y., Aoi N., Takeuchi S.,
Gomi T., Ishihara M., Kawai S., Ong H.J., Onishi T.K.,
Shimoura S., Tamaki M., Kobayashi T., Matsuda Y.,
Endo N., Kitayama M., “One-neutron knockout reaction of 17C on a hydrogen target at 70 MeV/nucleon ”,
Phys. Lett. B 728 (2014) 462–466.
Muto H., Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Oyaizu
M., Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kase M., Hattori T.,
Shimoura S., “Plasma spectroscopy of metal ions for
hyper-electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Rev. Sci.
Instrum. 85 (2014) 02A905.
Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Kobayashi K.,
Kotaka Y., Nishimura M., Kase M., Muto H.,
Yamaguchi H., Shimoura S., “Production of beams fromsolid materials at Center for Nuclear Study electron
cyclotron resonance ion source”, Rev. Sci. Instru. 85(2014) 02A912.
Suzuki H., Aoi N., Takeshita E., Takeuchi S., Ota S., Baba
H., Bishop S., Fukui T., Hashimoto Y., Ideguchi E., Ieki
K., Imai N., Ishihara M., Iwasaki H., Kanno S., Kondo
Y., Kubo T., Kurita K., Kusaka K., Minemura T.,
Motobayashi T., Nakabayashi T., Nakamura T., Nakao
T., Niikura M., Okumura T., Ohnishi T.K., Ong H.J.,
Sakurai H., Shimoura S., Sugo R., Suzuki D., Suzuki
M.K., Tamaki M., Tanaka K., Togano Y., Yamada K.,“Collectivity of neutron-rich Ti isotopes”, Phys. Rev. C
88 (2013) 024326.
Michimasa S., Takaki M., Dozono M., Go S., Baba H.,
Ideguchi E., Kisamori K., Matsubara H., Miya H., Ota
S., Sakai H., Shimoura S., Stolz A., Tang T.L., Tokieda
H., Uesaka T., Zegers R.G.T., “ Development of CVD diamond detector for time-of-ﬂight measurements”, Nucl.
Instru Meth. B 317 (2013) 710–713.
Miya H., Ota S., Fujii T., Kawase S., Kubota Y., Lee
C.S., Matsubara H., Miki K., Saito A., Michimasa S.,- 526 -

Uesaka T., Sakai H., Shimoura S., “Development of lowpressure multi-wire drift chambers for high-resolution
spectroscopy with radioactive isotope beams”, Nucl. Instru Meth. B 317 (2013) 701–704.
Hwang J.W., Satou Y., Nakamura T., Kondo Y., MatsuiN., Hashimoto Y., Nakabayashi T., Okumura T.,
Shinohara M., Fukuda N., Sugimoto T., Otsu H.,
Togano Y., Motobayashi T., Sakurai H., Yanagisawa
Y., Aoi N., Takeuchi S., Gomi T., Ishihara M., Kawai
S., Ong H.J., Onishi T.K., Shimoura S., Tamaki M.,
Kobayashi T., Matsuda Y., Endo N., Kitayama M.,“Discovery of the First 2- State in 16C via Neutron
Knockout Reaction”, Few-Body Syst (2013) 54 14691472.
Michimasa S., Takaki M., Sasamoto Y., Dozono M., Nishi
T., Kawabata T., Ota S., Baba H., Baba T., Fujii T.,
Go S., Kawase S., Kikuchi Y., Kisamori K., Kobayashi
M., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Matsubara H., Miki K.,
Miya H., Noji S., Tokieda H., Tsumura M., Yako K.,
Yokoyama R., Takeda H., Yanagisawa Y., Kubo T.,
Inabe N., Fukuda N., Kameda D., Suzuki H., Shimizu
Y., Ichihara T., Stolz A., Zegers R.G.T., Sakai H.,
Uesaka T., Shimoura S., “SHARAQ spectrometer for
high-resolution studies for RI-induced reactions”, Nucl.
Instru Meth. B 317 (2013) 305–310.
Otsuka T., Shimoura S., Onda Y., Shinohara A., Shibata
T., “Soil Radioactivity of 131 I Measured by“Pilot Investigation””, RADIOISOTOPES, 62 (2013) 752–760
Shimoura S., “Activities of Center for Nuclear Study(CNS), The University of Tokyo”, RADIOISOTOPES,
62 (2013) 810–816
Doornenbal P., Scheit H., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Li
K., Matsushita M., Steppenbeck D., Wang H., Baba
H., Crawford H., Hoﬀman C.R., Hughes R., Ideguchi
E., Kobayashi N., Kondo Y., Lee J., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Sakurai H., Takechi M., Togano Y.,
Winkler R., Yoneda K., “In-Beam γ-Ray Spectroscopyof 34,36,38 Mg: Merging the N=20 and N=28 Shell
Quenching”, Phys. Rev. Lett. 111, 212502 (2013).
Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P., Lee
J., Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go
S., Honma M., Matsui K., Michimasa S., Motobayashi
T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H., Shiga Y.,
Soderstrom P.A., Sumikama T., Suzuki H., Taniuchi R.,
Utsuno Y., Valiente-Dobon J.J., Yoneda K., “Investigating the strength of the N = 34 subshell closure in 54 Ca”,
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 445, 012012 (2013).
Steppenbeck D., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P.,
Matsushita M., Wang H., Baba H., Fukuda N., Go
S., Honma M., Lee J., Matsui K., Michimasa S.,
Motobayashi T., Nishimura D., Otsuka T., Sakurai H.,
Shiga Y., Soderstrom P.A., Sumikama T., Suzuki H.,
Taniuchi R., Utsuno Y., Valiente-Dobon J.J., Yoneda
K., “Evidence for a new nuclear ’magic number’ fromthe level structure of 54 Ca”, Nature (London) 502, 207

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)(2013).
Utsuno Y., Shimizu N., Otsuka T., Abe T., “Eﬃcient computation of Hamiltonian matrix elements between nonorthogonal Slater determinants”, Comp. Phys. Comm.
184, (2013) 102.
Papuga J., Bissell M.L., Kreim K., Blaum K., Brown
B.A., De M., GarciaRuiz R.F., Heylen H., Kowalska
M., Neugart R., Neyens G., Nortershauser W., Otsuka
T., Rajabali M.M., Sanchez R., Utsuno Y., Yordanov
D.T., “Spins and Magnetic Moments of 49K and 51K:
Establishing the 1/2+ and 3/2+ Level Ordering Beyond
N=28”, Physical Review Letters 110, 172503 (2013).
Tsunoda Y., Otsuka T., Shimizu N., Honma M., Utsuno
Y., “Novel shape evolution in exotic Ni isotopes andconﬁguration-dependent shell structure”, Physical Review C 89 (2014) 031301(R).
Otsuka T., “原子核物理学者による環境放射線の大規模緊急測定とそこから学べること”, RADIOISOTOPES (日本アイソトープ協会）, 62 (2013) 746.
[Book・Proceedings]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Duy N., Kubono S., Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Wakabayashi
Y., Teranishi T., Iwasa N., Kwon Y., Khiem L., Kim
Y., Song J., Hu J., Ayyad Y., “Low-energy radioactive ion beam production of 22 Mg”, Nuclear Instruments
and Methods in Physics Research Section A 723 99–101(2013) .
Kubono S., Binh D.N., Hayakawa S., Hashimoto T., Kahl
D.M., Yamaguchi H., Wakabayashi Y., Teranishi T.,
Iwasa N., Komatsubara T., Kato S., Chen A., CherubiniS., Choi S.H., Hahn I.S., He J.J., Khiem L.H., Lee C.S.,
Kwon Y.K., Wanajo S., Janka H.T., “Experimental challenge to nucleosynthesis in core-collapse supernovae Very early epoch of type II SNe -”, AIP Conf. Proc.
1533 70 (2013).
Ohshiro Y., Yamaka S., Watanabe S., Kobayashi K.,
Kotaka Y., Nishimura M., Kase M., Muto H.,
Yamaguchi H., Shimoura S., “Production of beams fromsolid materials at center for nuclear study electron cyclotron resonance ion source”, Rev. of Sci. Instrum. 85
02A912 (2013).
Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Nakao T., Wakabayashi Y.,
Kubono S., Hashimoto T., Hayakawa S., Kawabata T.,
Iwasa N., Teranishi T., Kwon Y.K., Binh D.N., Khiem
L.H., Duy N.N., “Recent developments and research
projects at the low-energy RI beam facility CRIB”, Nucl.
Instr. and Meth. B, 317 664–667 (2013).
Gulino M., Cherubini S., Rapisarda G.G., Kubono S.,
Lamia L., Cognata M.La., Yamaguchi H., Hayakawa
S., Wakabayashi Y., Iwasa N., Kato S., Komatsubara
H., Teranishi T., Coc A., DeSéréville N., Hammache
F., Spitaleri C., “Trojan Horse method and radioactive
ion beams: study of 18 F(p,α)15 O reaction at astrophysical energies”, 11th International Conference on NucleusNucleus Collisions (NN2012), Journal of Physics: Con-

ference Series 420 012149 (2013).
Yamaguchi H., Kahl D., Nakao T., Wakabayashi Y.,
Kubono S., Hashimoto T., Hayakawa S., Kawabata T.,
Iwasa N., Teranishi T., Kwon Y.K., Lee P.S., Binh D.N.,
Khiem L.H., Duy N.N., “Studies on alpha-induced astrophysical reactions using the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB” EPJ Web of Conferences 66, 07027 (2014).
Kobayashi M., Yako K., Shimoura S., Dozono M., Kawase
S., Kisamori K., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Michimasa S.,
Miya H., Ota S., Sakai H., Sasano M., Takaki M., “Measurement of the 8 He(p, n)8 Li reaction at intermediate
energy in inverse kinematics”, Proceedings of the 12th
Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference (APPC12), Jul. 14–19,
2013, Makuhari, Japan, JPS Conf. Proc. 1, 013034(2014)
Kubota Y., Sasano M., Uesaka T., Dozono M., Itoh M.,
Kawase S., Kobayashi M., Lee C.S., Matsubara H., Miya
H., Ota S., Sekiguchi K., Taguchi T., Tang T.L., Tokieda
H., Wakui T., “A new neutron detector with a high position resolution for the study of the (p,pn) reaction onrare isotopes”, EPJ Web of Conferences Vol. 66, No.
11022 (2014).
Matsushita M., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P., Lee J.,
Li K., Motobayashi T., Scheit H., Steppenbeck D., Wang
H., Baba H., Bazin D., C ≈ ceres, L., Crawford H.,
Fallon P., Gernh ∽ user R., Gibelin J., Go S., Gr・vy,
S., Hinke C., Hoﬀman C.R., Hughes R., Ideguchi E., Ieki
K., Jenkins D., Kobayashi N., Kondo Y., Kr ◯ cken,
R., Le T., Lee G., Matta A., Michimasa S., Nakamura
T., Ota S., Petri M., Sako T., Sakurai H., ShimouraS., Steiger K., Takahashi K., Takechi M., Togano Y.,
Winkler R., Yoneda K., “In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of
38,40,42Si”, EPJ Web of Conferences Vol. 66, No. 02070(2014).
Shimizu N., Otsuka T., Utsuno Y., Mizusaki T., Honma
M., Abe T., “History and future perspectives of theMonte Carlo shell model -from Alphleet to K computer”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 445 (2013) 012004.
Yoshida T., Shimizu N., Abe T., Otsuka T., “ Density
proﬁles of the intrinsic frame of light nuclei obtained
from Monte Carlo shell model calculation”, J. Phys.:Conf. Ser. 445 (2013) 012038.
Tsunoda Y., Otsuka T., Shimizu N., Honma M., Utsuno
Y., “ Study of nuclei around Z = 28 by large-scale shellmodel calculations”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 445 (2013)
012028.
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Hamagaki H. (invited), “ALICE Experiment”, at
PHENIX Workshop on Physics Prospects with Detector and Accelerator Upgrades; from 29 July 2013 to 2
August 2013 at RIKEN
Gunji T. (invited), “ALICE Physics Perspectives and
GEM-TPC upgrade”, Heavy Ion Meeting, Nov 2, 2013,- 527 -

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Inha University, Korea
Gunji T. (invited), “Probing the hot and dense QCD
medium with hard probes at RHIC and LHC”, Pioneering Symposium for heavy ion collisions, in Korean Physical Society Meeting, Oct 30, 2013, Pusan, Korea.
Gunji T. (invited), “RHIC-LHC の広範エネルギー重イオン
衝突によるクォーク物質物性の系統性”, シンポジウム講演「高温クォーク物質研究の最前線：発見から精密研究へ」,
日本物理学会 (9/20-9/23)
Gunji T. (invited), “LHC-ALICE 実験の第一次運転成果と今後の展” Heavy Ion Pub, May 31, 2013, Osaka, Japan
Terasaki K. for the ALICE Collaboration (poster), “Studyof Ion Back Flow suppression with thick COBRA
GEM”, The 3rd International Conference on Micro Pattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD203), July 1-4, 2013,
Zaragoza, Spain.
Yamaguchi Y. for the ALICE Collaboration (oral), “ALICE 実 験 に お け る GEM-TPC 開 発”, 第 10 回 MicroPattern Gas Detector 研究会 Dec. 12–13, 2013, Kyoto,
Japan
Terasaki K. for the ALICE Collaboration (oral), “Thick
COBRA GEM によるイオンバックフロー抑制 ”, 第 10 回
Micro-Pattern Gas Detector 研究会, Dec. 12–13, 2013,
Kyoto, Japan
Yukawa K. (oral), “ス ペ ー ス チャー ジ に よ る イ オ ン バッ
クフローへの影響の研究 ”, 第 10 回 Micro-Pattern Gas
Detector 研究会, Dec. 12–13, 2013, Kyoto, Japan
Hamagaki H. (invited), “Study of hadron properties in
QCD medium using the high-energy heavy-ion collisions”, workshop on Hadrons in Nucleus, Oct. 31 – Nov.
2, 2013, Kyoto, Japan
Terasaki K. (oral), “R & D of Thick COBRA GEM forthe application of the GEM-based TPC”, 2013 IEEE
Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013 NSS/MIC), Oct 27 – Nov 02, 2013, Seoul,
Korea
Sekiguchi Y. (poster), “Basic performance of SoI pixel detector for radiation monitor”, 2013 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2013
NSS/MIC), Oct 27 – Nov 02, 2013, Seoul, Korea
Yamaguchi Y. for the PHENIX Collaboration (oral), “A
Search for Beyond the Standard Model Particles with
the PHENIX detector at RHIC”, APS Division of Nuclear Physics, Fall Meeting, October 23-26, 2013, Newport News, VA,
Yamaguchi Y. for the PHENIX Collaboration (oral),“Dark photon search at the PHENIX experiment”, atthe JPS Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23, 2013, Kochi University, Japan
Terasaki K. (oral), “COBRA GEM を用いたイオンバックフ
ロー抑制の研究 ”, at the JPS Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23,
2013, Kochi University, Japan
Hayashi S. for the ALICE Collaboration (oral), “Dielec√tron measurement in sN N = 5.02 TeV p−Pb collisionsat LHC-ALICE, at the JPS Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23,- 528 -

2013, Kochi University, Japan
Sekiguchi Y. (oral), “放 射 線 モ ニ タ ー の た め の SOI ピ ク
セル検出器の性能評価 ”, at the JPS Fall meeting, Sep.
20–23, 2013, Kochi University, Japan
Tsuji T. for the ALICE collabotation (oral), ”Neutral pion√
production in Pb-Pb collisions at sN N = 2.76 TeV
with the ALICE experiment”, JPS 2013 Spring Meeting,March 26-29, 2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima,
Japan.
Hayashi S., Hamagaki H., Gunji T., Tanaka M., Ikeda H.
(oral), “LHC-ALICE における前方方向カロリメータ用読み
出し ASIC の性能評価”, at the JPS Spring Meeting, Mar.
26–29, 2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Sekiguchi Y., Hamagaki H., Gunji T., Arai Y., Imamura
T., Ohmoto T., Iwata A. (oral), “SOI ピ ク セ ル 技 術を 用 い た 環 境 放 射 線 モ ニ タ ー の 基 本 動 作 評 価 ”atthe JPS Spring Meeting, Mar. 26–29, 2013, Hiroshima
University, Hiroshima, Japan
Terasaki K., Hamagaki H., Gunji T., Yamaguchi Y. (oral),“Development of Thick COBRA GEM for Ion Back Flow
Suppression”, at the JPS Spring Meeting, Mar. 26–29,
2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
Yamaguchi H. (oral,invited), “Nuclear astrophysics andstructure studies using low-energy RI beams”, Pioneering Symposium: “The Third Generation of RIB Facilities” in Korean Physical Society Meeting, Apr 24–26,
2013, Daejeon, Korea.
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Studies on nuclear reaction andstructure using low-energy RI beams at CRIB”, Workshop on the INFN-RIKEN collaboration on nuclear
physics activities May 17, 2013, Istituto Italiano di Cultura di Tokyo, Sala “G Puccini” 2-1-30 Kudan Minami,
Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Studies on alpha-induced astrophysical reactions using the low-energy RI beam separator CRIB” The 25th International Nuclear Physics
Conference (INPC 2013), June 2–7 2013, Florence, Italy.
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Recent activities at CRIB - nuclear
astrophysics, reaction, and structure studies with lowenergy RI beam” RIBF Users Meeting 2013, June 26–27,
2013, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Studying alpha-cluster structure using low-energy RI beam”, RCNP Workshop; Clustering phenomena in multi nucleon and hyperon system,
Jul 26–27 2013, Kansai Gakuin University, Yokohama,Japan.
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Studies on astrophysical reactions
using low-energy RI beam at CRIB”, SKKU Symposium
on Astrophysics and Cosmology: from Particle to Universe, Oct. 4 and December 2-4, 2013, SKKU Natural
Sciences Campus, Suwon, Korea.
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Recent status of the low-enrgy RI
beam separator CRIB”, 1st RIKEN-RISP Joint Workshop, Nov. 7–8, 2013, IBS, Daejeon, Korea
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Alpha resonant scattering for astro-

4

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

physical reaction studies”, The 12th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of the Galaxies (OMEG12), Nov 18–22, 2013, Epochal Tsukuba,
Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “The low-energy RI beam facility
CRIB for astrophysics and nuclear structure studies”,
JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop, Dec. 9–12, 2013,
RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, Japan
Yamaguchi H. (oral), “Recent status and technical aspects
of RI Beam separator CRIB”, Nuclear physics seminar
at RISP, Feb. 28, 2014, IBS, Daejeon, Korea.
Lee C.S. (oral), “Properties of thick GEM in low-pressure
deuterium”, The 3rd International Conference on MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors (MPGD203), July 1-4, 2013,
Zaragoza, Spain.
Ota S. (oral), “CNS Active Target”, French-Japanese
SYmposeium on Nuclear Structure Problems, Sep. 30- Oct. 3, 2013, Paris, France.
Ota S. (oral), “Active Target”, The 1st RIBF-RISP Joint
Workshop, Nov. 7-8, 2013, Daejeon, Korea
Matsushita M., Takeuchi S., Aoi N., Doornenbal P., Lee J.,
Li K., Motobayashi T., Scheit H., Steppenbeck D., Wang
H., Baba H., Bazin D., C ≈ ceres, L., Crawford H.,
Fallon P., Gernh ∽ user R., Gibelin J., Go S., Gr・vy,
S., Hinke C., Hoﬀman C.R., Hughes R., Ideguchi E., Ieki
K., Jenkins D., Kobayashi N., Kondo Y., Kr ◯ cken,
R., Le T., Lee G., Matta A., Michimasa S., Nakamura
T., Ota S., Petri M., Sako T., Sakurai H., ShimouraS., Steiger K., Takahashi K., Takechi M., Togano Y.,
Winkler R., Yoneda K. (oral): “In-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 38,40,42 Si”, International Nuclear Physics
Conference (INPC2013), June 2-7, 2013, Firenze, Italy
Michimasa S., Yanagisawa Y., Inafuku K., Aoi N., Elekes
Z., Fulop Zs., Ichikawa Y., Iwasa N., Kurita K.,
Kurokawa M., Machida T., Motobayashi T., Nakamura
T., Nakabayashi T., Notani M., Ong H.J., Onishi
T.K., Otsu H., Sakurai H., Shinohara M., SumikamaT., Takeuchi S., Tanaka K., Togano Y., Yamada K.,
Yamaguchi M., Yoneda K. (poster), “Proton inelastic
scattering study on 30 Ne and 34,36 Mg isotopes” International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2013), June
2-7, 2013, Firenze, Italy.
Go S., Kameda D., Kubo T., Inabe N., Fukuda N.,
Yokoyama R., Fujii T., Ideguchi E., Takeda H., Suzuki
H., Yoshida K., Kusaka K., Yanagisawa Y., Ohtake
M., Sato H., Shimizu Y., Baba H., Kurokawa M.,
Nishimura D., Ohnishi T., Iwasa N., Chiba A., Yamada
T., Nishibata H., Ieki K., Murai D., Momota S., SatoY., Hwang J., Kim S., Tarasov O.B., Morrissey D.J.,
Sherrill B.M., Simpson G. (poster), “Observation of new
isomers in N=100 neutron-rich rare-earth nuclei” International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2013), June
2-7, 2013, Firenze, Italy
Kubota Y., Sasano M., Uesaka T., Dozono M., Itoh M.,
Kawase S., Kobayashi M., Lee C.S., Matsubara H., Miya

- 529 -

H., Ota S., Sekiguchi K., Taguchi T., Tang T.L., Tokieda
H., Wakui T. (poster), “A new neutron detector witha high position resolution for the study of the (p,pn)
reaction on rare isotopes”, The 25th International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC2013), July 2-7, 2013,
Florence, Italy
Shimoura S. (oral), “Experimental opportunities forthe high-resolution spectroscopy using GRAPE and/or
SHARAQ”, Sunﬂower Workshop, Sept. 10-11, 2014,
Darmstadt, Germany
Yako K. (invited): ”(p,n) measurements in inverse kinematics at SHARAQ-WINDS”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN
Workshop, Dec. 9–12, 2013, RIKEN.
Shimoura S. (invited), “Energy degrading project for
RI beams in CNS”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop,
Dec. 9-12, 2013, Wako
Shimoura S. (invited), “Energy degrading project of RI
beams in CNS – OEDO project”, Workshop on Physics
Opportunities using Compton Supressed Ge Clover Array (CAGRA13), Dec. 16-17, 2013, Osaka University
Shimoura S. (oral), “Physics Oppotunity via transfer reaction measurements with gamma-ray detectors” Workshop on Physics Research with Grand Raiden Forwardmode Beam Line, Nov. 28-29, 2013, RCNP, Osaka University.
Dozono M. (oral), “Research for 0− states via (16 O,16 Nγ)
reaction” Workshop on Physics Research with Grand
Raiden Forward-mode Beam Line, Nov. 28-29, 2013,
RCNP, Osaka University.
Takaki M. (oral), “Research for double GT states via(12 C,12 Beγ) reaction” Workshop on Physics Researchwith Grand Raiden Forward-mode Beam Line, Nov. 2829, 2013, RCNP, Osaka University.
Shimoura S. (invited), “OEDO project” 長寿命核分裂核廃
棄物の核変換データとその戦略」ワークショップ, 2014 年
3 月 6 日 (木)～3 月８日 (土), 理化学研究所
Kobayashi M., Yako K., Shimoura S., Dozono M., Kawase
S., Kisamori K., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Michimasa S.,
Miya H., Ota S., Sakai H., Sasano M., Takaki M. (oral),“Measurement of the 8 He(p, n)8 Li reaction at intermediate energy in inverse kinematics”, APPC12, Jul. 14–19,
2013, Makuhari, Japan
Yako K. (oral), ”Recent physics programs at SHARAQ
spectrometer”, RIBF Users Meeting 2013, Jun. 26–27,
2013, RIKEN.
Lee C.S., Ota S., Tokieda H., Kojima R., Watanabe Y.,
Uesaka T. (oral), ”Properties of Thick GEM in Lowpressure Deuterium”, Micro-Pattern Gaseous Detector(MPGD) 2013, Jul.1–4, 2013, Zaragoza, Spain.
Go S., Ideguchi E., Kobayashi M., Yokoyama R., Kisamori
K., Michimasa S., Shimoura S., Niikura M., Yagi A.,
Nishibata H., Matea I., Verney D., Azaiez F., Koizumi
M., Toh Y., Kimura A., Harada H., Furukata K.,
Nakamura S., Kitatani F., Hatsukawa Y., Ohshima M.
(oral), “Study of high spin states in 35,36 S” 2nd Work-

5

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

shop on the physics at the Tandem-ALTO facility, May
14–15, 2013, Orsay, France
Go S., Ideguchi E., Yokoyama R., Kobayashi M., Kisamori
K., Michimasa S., Shimoura S., Niikura M., Yagi A.,
Nishibata H., Matea I., Verney D., Azaiez F., Koizumi
M., Toh Y., Kimura A., Harada H., Furukata K.,
Nakamura S., Kitatani F., Hatsukawa Y. (oral), “Studyof high spin states in 35 S” French-Japanese Symposium
on Nuclear Structure Problems, Sep. 30–Oct. 3, 2013,
Paris, France
Kobayashi M., Yako K., Shimoura S., Dozono M., Kawase
S., Kisamori K., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Michimasa S.,
Miya H., Ota S., Sakai H., Sasano M., Takaki M. (oral),“Spin-isospin response of a neutron rich nucleus 8 He via(p, n) reactions in inverse kinematics”, at the JPS Fall
meeting, Sep. 20–23, 2013, Kochi University, Japan
Miya H., Shimoura S., Kisamori K., Baba H., Baba T.,
Dozono M., Fukuda N., Fujii T., Go S., Ideguchi E.,
Inabe N., Ito M., Kameda D., Kawabata T., Kawase S.,
Kubo T., Kubota Y., Kobayashi M., Konodo Y., Lee
C.S., Maeda Y., Matsubara H., Miki K., Michimasa S.,
Nishi T., Nishimura M., Ota S., Sakaguchi S., Sakai H.,
Sasano M., Sato H., Shimizu Y., Suzuki H., Takaki M.,
Tamii A., Takeda H., Takeuchi S., Tokieda H., Tsumura
M., Uesaka T., Yanagisawa Y., Yako K., Yokoyama R.,
Yoshida K., Assie M., Beaumel D., Fariouz H., Stolz A.
(oral), “Study of spin-isospin response via exothermic
charge exchange (8 He, 8 Liγ) for 4 He nuclei” at the JPS
Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23, 2013, Kochi University, Japan
Kisamori K., Shimoura S., Miya H., Baba H., Baba T.,
Dozono M., Fukuda N., Fujii T., Go S., Ideguchi E.,
Inabe N., Ito M., Kameda D., Kawabata T., Kawase S.,
Kubo T., Kubota Y., Kobayashi M., Konodo Y., Lee
C.S., Maeda Y., Matsubara H., Miki K., Michimasa S.,
Nishi T., Nishimura M., Ota S., Sakaguchi S., Sakai H.,
Sasano M., Sato H., Shimizu Y., Suzuki H., Takaki M.,
Tamii A., Takeda H., Takeuchi S., Tokieda H., Tsumura
M., Uesaka T., Yanagisawa Y., Yako K., Yokoyama R.,
Yoshida K., Assie M., Beaumel D., Fariouz H., Stolz A.
(oral), “二重荷電交換反応をもちいた 4 中性子系質量欠損
核分光実験” at the JPS Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23, 2013,
Kochi University, Japan
Go S., Ideguchi E., Kobayashi M., Yokoyama R., Kisamori
K., Michimasa S., Shimoura S., Niikura M., Yagi A.,
Nishibata K., Matea I., Suzuki D., Verney D., Azaiez F.,
Sugawara M., Koizumi M., Fuji Y., Shizuma T., Kimura
A., Harada H., Furutaka K., Yakamura S., Kitatani F.,
Hatsukawa Y., Oshima M. (oral), “35S における高スピン状態の研究” at the JPS Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23, 2013,
Kochi University, Japan
Dozono M., Uesaka T., Sasano M., Zenihiro J., Matsubara
H., Shimoura S., Yako K., Michimasa S., Ota S., Tokieda
H., Miya H., Kawase S., Tang R., Kisamori K., Takaki
M., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Fujii T., Yokoyama R., Sakai
H., Kubo T., Yoshida K., Yanagisawa Y., Fukuda N.,- 530 -

Takeda H., Kameda D., Inabe N., Wakasa T., Fujita K.,
Sakaguchi S., Ichimura M., Sagawa H., “パ リ ティ移 行
核 反 応 に よ る 原 子 核 の 0-状 態 の 研 究” at the JPS Fall
meeting, Sep. 20–23, 2013, Kochi University, Japan
Yokoyama R., Ideguchi E., Simpson G., Tanaka M.,
Nishimura S., Lorusso G., Sumikama H., Doornenbal P.,
Baba H., Isobe T., Wu J., Xu Z., Browne R., Patel Z.,
Rice S., Sinclair L., Li Z., Watanabe H., Gey G., SahinE., Bello F., Vajra Z., Kuri I., Taprogge J., Odahara
A., Fang Y., Daido R., Yagi A., Nishibata K., Aoi N.,
Kobayashi K., Michimasa S., Matsushita M., Kobayashi
M., Go S., Kubo T., Kameda D., Inabe N., Takeda H.,
Fukuda N., Suzuki H., Nishiduka I., Komatsubara T.,
Moon C.B. (oral), “過剰変形領域の Pm 同位体における新アイソマーの発見” at the JPS Fall meeting, Sep. 20–23,
2013, Kochi University, JapanLee C.S., Ota S., Tokieda H., Kojima R., Watanabe Y.,
Uesaka T. (oral), “重水素アクティブ標的の大強度重イオ
ンビーム照射に向けた開発” at the JPS Spring meeting,Mar. 27–30, 2014, Tokai University, Japan.
Kawase S., Uesaka T., Shimoura S., Yako K., Ota
S., Michimasa S., Tokieda H., Miya H., Leung T.T.,
Kisamori K., Takaki M., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., YokoyamaR., Fujii T., Kobayashi M., Sasano M., Zenihiro J.,
Matsubara H., Dozono M., Lee J., Sakai H., Kubo
T., Yoshida K., Inabe N., Yanagisawa Y., Takeda
H., Kusaka K., Fukuda N., Kameda D., Suzuki H.,
Kawahara T., Wakui T., Sakaguchi S., Noro T., Wakasa
T., Yasuda J., Fukunaga T., Maeda Y., Kim. W.,
Hwang S., Stepanyan S., Obertelli A., Galind-UribarriA., Padilla-Rodal E., Beaumel D. (oral), “準 弾 性
AO(p,2p) 反 応 に よ る 窒 素 同 位 体 の 陽 子 一 空 孔 状 態の核分光” at the JPS Spring meeting, Mar. 27–30, 2014,
Tokai University, Japan
Ota S., Corsi A., Dozono M., Hashimoto T., Ito M.,
Kawabata T., Kawase S., Kojima R., Kubota Y., Lee
C.S., Maeda Y., Matta J., Matsuda Y., Michimasa S.,
Obertelli A., Otsu H., Patel D., Santamaria C., Sasano
M., Takaki M., Terashima T., Tokieda H., UesakaT., Yamaguchi H., Zenihiro J. and H307 collaboration(oral), “重水素ガスアクティブ標的を用いた錫領域不安定
核における巨大単極共鳴の測定計画” at the JPS Spring
meeting, Mar. 27–30, 2014, Tokai University, Japan
Tokieda H., Ota S., Dozono M., Gunji T., Hamagaki H.,
Hashimoto T., Kawabata T., Kawase S., Kojima R.,
Kubono S., Kubota Y., Lee C.S., Maeda Y., Matsubara
H., Michimasa S., Otsu H., Sako M., Uesaka T.,
Yamaguchi H., Watanabe Y. (oral), “重 水 素 ガ ス ア ク
ティブ 標 的 の 反 跳 粒 子 飛 跡 再 構 成 と 性 能 評 価” at the
JPS Spring meeting, Mar. 27–30, 2014, Tokai University, Japan
Yako K. (oral), ”Study of nuclear matrix element of the
double-beta decay by charge-exchange reactions”, JPS
Spring meeting, Mar. 27–30, 2014, Tokai University.
Kubota Y., Sasano M., Uesaka T., Dozono M., Itoh M.,

6

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Kawase S., Kobayashi M., Lee C.S., Matsubara H., Miki
K., Miya H., Ota S., Sekiguchi K., Shima T., TaguchiT., Tamii A., Tang T.L., Tokieda H., Wakasa T., Wakui
T., Yasuda J., Zenihiro J. (oral), “不安定核研究のための 高 位 置 分 解 能 ファイ バ ー シ ン チ 中 性 子 検 出 器 の 開発” at the JPS Spring meeting, Mar. 27–30, 2014, Tokai
University, Japan
Yoshida T., Shimizu N., Abe T., Otsuka T. (oral), “Density of ligh nuclei obtained from Monte Carlo shellmodel”, HPCI Strategic Program Field 5 Symposium,
Fujisoft Akiba Plaza, Tokyo, Japan, March 5-6, 2013.
Ebata S., Nakatsukasa T., Inakura T. (oral), “Density functional approaches to nuclear dynamics”, HPCI
Strategic Program Field 5 Symposium, Fujisoft Akiba
Plaza, Tokyo, Japan, March 5-6, 2013.
Otsuka T. (oral), “Ultra large-scale Simulations of quantum many-body systems for nuclear properties and its
applications”, HPCI Strategic Program Field 5 Symposium, Fujisoft Akiba Plaza, Tokyo, Japan, March 5-6,
2013.
Iwata Y., Otsuka T., Heinz S. (oral), “Fission dynamics
of superheavy compound nuclei”, Fission 2013, Caen,
France, May 2013.
Utsuno Y., Otsuka T., Shimizu N., Honma M., Mizusakia
T., Tsunoda Y., Abe T. (oral), “Recent shell-model
results for exotic nuclei”, 25th International Nuclear
Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Florence, Italy, June
3-7, 2013.
Iwata Y., Otsuka T., Heinz S. (oral), “Fission dynamics
of superheavy compound nucle”, International Nuclear
Physics Conference 2013 (INPC2013), Florence, Italy,
June 3-7, 2013.
Iwata Y., Otsuka T., Heinz S. (oral), “Fission dynamics
of superheavy compound nuclei”, The 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference of AAPPS (APPC 12), Chiba,
Japan, July 14-19, 2013.
Yoshida T., Shimizu N., Abe T., Otsuka T. (poster), “Density proﬁles of light nuclei in Monte Carlo shell-model
calculation”, International Nuclear Physics Conference
2013 (INPC2013), Florence, Italy, June 3-7, 2013.
Yoshida T., Shimizu N., Abe T., Otsuka T. (poster), ”Density proﬁles of light nuclei in Monte Carlo shell-model
calculation”, The 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference,
Chiba, Japan, July 14-19, 2013.
Iwata Y. (oral), “Fission dynamics of superheavy compound nuclei”, The 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference, Chiba, Japan, July 14-19, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Monte Carlo Shell Model and shapephase transitions in exotic nuclei”, Int. Conf. on Nuclear Theory in the Supercomputing Era - 2013, Ames,
USA, May 13-17, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident and Nuclear Physicists”, International Nuclear
Physics Conference 2013 (INPC2013), Florence, Italy,
June 3-7, 2013.

- 531 -

Otsuka T. (invited), “Driving forces of shell evolution andshapes of exotic nuclei”, Gordon Conference on Nuclear
Chemistry, Colby-Sawyer College, New London, USA,
June 9-14, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Structure Evolutions in Exotic Nuclei”, 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference, Makuhari,
Chiba, Japan, July 15-19, 2013.
Iwata Y. (invited), “The TDDFT calculations for lowenergy heavy-ion collisions”, French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems, Paris, France,
September 30, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Perspectives beyond the Shell Evolution”, French-Japanese Symposium on Nuclear Structure Problems -Organized in the framework of FJNSP
LIA-, CNRS, Paris, September 30-Oct. 3, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Structure Evolutions in Exotic Nuclei”, Mini-Symposium on Experiment and Theory for
Nuclei Close to the Driplines, 2013 Fall Meeting of the
APS DNP, Newport News, USA, October 23-26, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Perspectives of physics of exotic nuclei beyond the shell evolution”, First African Symposium on Exotic Nuclei (IASEN-2013), Cape Town, South
Africa, December 2-6, 2013.
Utsuno Y. (invited), “Shell evolution along the Sn isotopes”, 10th ASRC International Workshop “Nuclear
Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei”, JAEA Nuclear
Science Research Institute, Tokai, Japan, March 21-22,
2013.
Ebata S., Nakatsukasa T. (oral), “Pairing eﬀects in fusion
phenomena utilizing a time-dependent mean ﬁeld theory”, 10th ASRC International Workshop “Nuclear Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei”, JAEA Nuclear Science
Research Institute, Tokai, Japan, March 21-22, 2013.
Iwata Y., Otsuka T., Heinz S. (oral), ”Fission dynamics ofsuperheavy compound nuclei”, The 10th ASRC International Workshop “Nuclear Fission and Decay of Exotic Nuclei”, JAEA Nuclear Science Research Institute,
Tokai, Japan, March 21-22, 2013.
Utsuno Y., Otsuka T., Shimizu N., Mizusaki T., Honma M.
(oral), “Tensor-force driven shell evolution studied withlarge-scale shell-model calculations”, RCNP Workshop
on the Importance of Tensor Interactions in Nuclear andHadron Structures, Osaka, Japan, July, 2013.
Yoshida T. (oral), “Density distributions of Be isotopes
based on Monte Carlo shell model”, RCNP 研究会「核子・ハイペロン多体系におけるクラスター現象」, Kanagawa,Japan, July 26-27, 2013.
Iwata Y. (invited), “TDDFT calculations for the symmetry energy research”, RIBF-ULIC Mini Workshop 027“Nuclear symmetry-energy and nucleus-nucleus collision
simulation”, Saitama, Japan, July 2-4, 2013.
Iwata Y., Otsuka T., Heinz S. (oral), ”Fission dynamics
of superheavy compound nuclei”, Fission 2013, Caen,
France “Fifth International Workshop on Nuclear Fission and Fission Product Spectroscopy”, May 28-31,

7Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

2013.
Utsuno Y. (invited), “Shell-model approach to shape coexistence in light nuclei”, IOP Workshop “Shape Coexistence Across the Chart of Nuclides”, York, UK, April,2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Tensor force and shell structure - A
personal history - ”, RCNP Workshop on the Importanceof Tensor Interactions in Nuclei and Hadron structure,
RCNP, Osaka, Japan, July 11-12, 2013.
Shimizu N. (oral), “Large-scale shell-model calculations
and Monte Carlo shell model”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN
Workshop, Saitama, Japan, December 9-12, 2013.
Otsuka T. (oral), “ICN status”, JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN
Workshop, Saitama, Japan, December 9-12, 2013.
Iwata Y. (invited), “Charge equilibration and its application to symmetry energy research”, ECT* workshop “Advances in time-dependent methods for quantum many-body systems”, Trento, Italy, October, 2013.
Iwata Y. (invited), “A study of nuclear reaction mechanism based on TDDFT calculations”, 3 回 HPCI 戦略プ
ログラム分野 2 分野 5 異分野交流研究会, Institute for
Molecular Science, Aichi, Japan, November 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Shell model calculations with morethan one shell”, INT workshop “Computational andTheoretical Advances for Exotic Isotopes in the Medium
Mass Region”, INT, Seattle, USA, March 25-Aprl 19,
2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Shape coexistence and shell evolution in exotic Ni isotopes”, International Workshop on“Shape Coexistence Across the Chart of the Nuclides”,
Kings Manor, York, UK, April 15-16, 2013.
Otsuka T. (invited), “Shapes of medium-mass exotic nuclei and MCSM calculations”, ECT*/HIC for FAIR
workshop “From Few-Nucleon Forces to Many-Nucleon
Structure”, ECT*, Trento, Italy, June 10-14, 2013.
Utsuno Y., Otsuka T., Shimizu N., Mizusaki T., Honma
M. (oral), “Energy levels and shell evolution for neutronrich Ca isotopes”, JPS 2013 Spring Meeting, March 2629, 2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.
Yoshida T., Shimizu N., Abe T., Otsuka T. (oral), “Studyof light-nuclei density measured from body-ﬁxed framein Monte Carlo shell model”, JPS 2013 Spring Meeting,March 26-29, 2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima,
Japan.
Ebata S., Nakatsukasa T., Inakura T. (oral), “Systematic
study of low-lying E1 mode”, JPS 2013 Spring Meeting,March 26-29, 2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima,
Japan.
Ebata S., (oral): “Approaches to nuclear dynamics by timedependent mean ﬁeld theory”, JPS 2013 Spring Meeting,March 26-29, 2013, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima,
Japan.
Shimizu N., Utsuno Y., Ebata S., Honma M., Mizusaki T.,
Otsuka T. (oral), “Study of E1 excitations for neutronrich Ca isotopes”, JPS 2013 Spring Meeting, March 26-- 532 -

29, 2013, Hiroshima Univ, Hiroshima, Japan.
Utsuno Y., Shimizu N., Otsuka T., Yoshida T., Tsunoda
Y. (oral), “Structure of neutron excess S isotopes”, JPS
2013 Autumn Meeting, September 20-23, 2013, Kochi
University, Kochi, Japan.
Togashi T., Shimizu N., Utsuno Y., Tsunoda Y., Otsuka
T., Honma M., Mizusaki T. (oral), “A study of high-spin
excited states for Cr isotopes based on shell-model calculations”, JPS 2013 Autumn Meeting, September 20-23,
2013, Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Yoshida T., Shimizu N., Abe T., Otsuka T. (oral), “A
study of Be nuclei based on Monte Carlo shell model”,
JPS 2013 Autumn Meeting, September 20-23, 2013,
Kochi University, Kochi, Japan.
Iwata Y., Ichikawa T., Itagaki N., Maruhn J.A., Otsuka
T. (oral), “Existence of 6 alpha linear chain state basedon systematic Cranking-Hartree-Fock calculations”, JPS
2013 Autumn Meeting, September 20-23, 2013, Kochi
University, Kochi, Japan.
Shimizu N., Utsuno Y., Ebata S., Honma M., Mizusaki
T., Otsuka T. (oral), “Large-scale shell-model calculations for E1 excitations of Ca isotopes”, JPS 2013 Autumn Meeting, September 20-23, 2013, Kochi University,
Kochi, Japan.

8

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Niigata University
Publications[Journal](Original Papars) *Subject to Peer Review
Saraya Y., Izumikawa T., Goto J., Kawasaki T., Kimura
T.: “Study of spatial resolution of proton computed tomography using a silicon strip detector”, Nucl. Instr.
Methods Phys. Res. A 735 (2014) 485–489.*
Koizumi M., Goto J., Matsuki S., Nakamura S.: “Dynamic nuclear self-polarization for measurements of nuclear magnetic moments”, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys.
Res. B 317 (2013) 689–692.*
Moriguchi T., Ozawa A., Ishimoto S., Abe Y., Fukuda
M., Hachiuma I., Ishibashi Y., Ito Y., Kuboki T., Lantz
M., Nagae D., Namihira K., Nishimura D., Ohtsubo T.,
Ooishi H., Suda T., Suzuki H., Suzuki T., Takechi M.,
Tanaka K., Yamaguchi T.: “Density distributions of Li11 deduced from reaction cross-section measurements”,
Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 024610.*
Hirayama Y., Mihara M., Watanabe Y., Jeong S.,
Miyatake H., Momota S., Hashimoto T., Imai N.,
Matsuta K., Ishiyama H., Ichikawa S., Ishii T.,
Izumikawa T., Katayama I., Kawakami H., Kawamura
H., Nishinaka I., Nishio K., Makii H., Mitsuoka S.,
Osa A., Otokawa Y., Sato T., Wakabayashi Y.: “Spinpolarized radioactive isotope beam produced by tiltedfoil technique”, Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 024618.*
Momota S., Mihara M., Nishimura D., Fukuda M.,
Kamisho Y., Wakabayashi M., Matsuta K., Suzuki S.,
Nagashima M., Shengyun Zhu, Daqing Yuan, Yongnan
Zheng, Zuo Yi, Ping Fan, Izumikawa T., Kitagawa A.,
Sato S., Kanazawa M., Torikoshi M., Minamisono T.,
Nakamura Y., Tashiro K., Honma A., Yoshida N., Shirai
H., Ohtsubo T., Nagatomo T., Uenishi H., Iwamoto K.,
Yaguchi M., Ogura T., Ito T., Yamamura K., Ichikawa
Y., Nojiri Y., Alonso J.R., Symons T.J.M.: “Momentum
dependence of spin polarization for beta emitting nuclei
produced through charge exchange reaction at intermediate energy”, Hyperfine Interact. 220 (2013) 53–58.*
Mihara M., Matsuta K., Nishimura D., Fukuda M.,
Yaguchi M., Iwamoto K., Wakabayashi M., Kamisho Y.,
Ohno J., Morita Y., Izumikawa T., Ohtsubo T., Suzuki
S., Nagashima M., Abe K., Sakai T., Momota S., Ozawa
A., Nagae D., Ishibashi Y., Abe Y., Niwa T., NagatomoT., Minamisono T., Kubo M.K., Kitagawa A., TorikoshiM., Kanazawa M., Sato S., Watanabe Y., MinamisonoK.: “Production of spin polarized 12 N through heavy
ion reactions”, Hyperfine Interact. 220 (2013) 83–88.*
Matsuta K., Minamisono T., Mihara M., Fukuda M.,
Shengyun Zhu, Masuda Y., Hatanaka K., Daqing Yuan,
Yongnan Zheng, Yi Zuo, Ping Fang, Dongmei Zhou,
Ohtsubx T., Izumikawa T., Momota S., Nishimura D.,
Matsumiya R., Kitagawa A., Sato S., Kanazawa M.,
Torikoshi M., Nagatomo T., Nojiri Y., Suzuki T., Xizhen

Zhang, Alonso J.R., Symons T.J.M, Kawasaki S., Jeong
S.C.: “Nuclear moments as a probe of electronic structure in material, exotic nuclear structure and fundamental symmetry”, Hyperfine Interact. 220 (2013) 21–28.*
Yamaguchi T., Suzaki F., Izumikawa T., Miyazawa S.,
Morimoto K., Suzuki T., Tokanai F., Furuki H.,
Ichihashi N., Ichikawa C., Kitagawa A., Kuboki T.,
Momota S., Nagae D., Nagashima M., Nakamura Y.,
Nishikiori R., Niwa T., Ohtsubo T., Ozawa A., SatoK., Sato S., Suzuki S.: “Performance of high-resolution
position-sensitive detectors developed for storage-ringdecay experiments”, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. B
317 (2013) 697–700.*
Yamaki S., Yamaguchi T., Kouno J., Sato K., Ichihashi N.,
Suzuki T., Abe K., Abe Y., Fukuda M., Furuki H., Inaba
N., Iwamoto K., Izumikawa T., Kamisho Y., KikuchiN., Kitagawa A., Mihara M., Miyazawa S., Momota
S., Morita Y., Nagae D., Nagashima M., Nakamura Y.,
Nishikiori R., Nishimura D., Nishizuka I., Ohtsubo T.,
Ohno J., Ozawa A., Sakai T., Sato S., Sera D., SuzakiF., Suzuki S., Suzuki S., Wakabayashi M., Yaguchi M.,
Yasumoto S.: “Systematic study of individual chargechanging cross sections of intermediate-energy secondary
beams”, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. B 317 (2013)
774–778.*
Murakami M., Goto S., Murayama H., Kojima T., Kudo
H., Kaji D., Morimoto K., Haba H., Kudou Y., Sumita
T., Sakai R., Yoneda A., Morita K., Kasamatsu Y.,
Kikunaga H., Sato T.: “Excitation functions for production of Rf isotopes in the 248 Cm +18 O reaction”,
Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2013) 113D02.*
Toyoshima A., Li Z., Asai M., Sato N., Sato T., KikuchiT., Kaneya Y., Kitatsuji Y., Tsukada, K., Nagame Y.,
Schädel M., Ooe K., Kasamatsu Y., Shinohara A., Haba
H., Even J.: “Measurement of the Md3+ /Md2+ Reduction Potential Studied with Flow Electrolytic Chromatography”, Inorg. Chem. 52 (2013) 12311–12313.*
Sato T., Sato N., Asai M., Tsukada K., Toyoshima A.,
Ooe K., Miyashita S., Schädel M., Kaneya Y., Nagame
Y., Osa A., Ichikawa S., Stora T., Kratz J.: “First successful ionization of Lr (Z = 103) by a surface-ionization
technique”, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 (2013) 023304.*
Yoshida K., Nakatsukasa T.: “Shape evolution of giant
resonances in Nd and Sm isotopes”, Phys. Rev. C 88
(2013) 034309.*
Yoshida K.: “Spin-isospin response of deformed neutronrich nuclei in a self-consistent Skyrme energy-densityfunctional approach”, Prog. Theor. Exp. Phys. (2013)
113D02.*
Shimoyama H., Matsuo M.: “Di-neutron correlation inmonopole two-neutron transfer modes in Sn isotope
chain”, Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 054308.*[Book Proceedings](Original Papars) *Subject to Peer Review
Yoshida K.: “Skyrme energy-density functional approach- 533 -

1

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

to collective modes of excitation in exotic nuclei”, J.
Phys.: Conf. Ser. 445 (2013) 012027.*
Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Takechi M., Suzuki S., Nishimura D., Fukuda M., OhtsuboT., Nagashima M., Suzuki T., Yamaguchi T., Ozawa
A., Moriguchi T., Ohishi H., Sumikama T., Geissel
H., Ishihara M., Aoi N., Rui-Jiu Chen, De-Qing Fang,
Fukuda N., Fukuoka S., Furuki H., Inabe N., Ishibashi
Y., Itoh T., Izumikawa T., Kameda D., Kubo T., Lee
C.S., Lantz M., Yu-Gang Ma, Matsuta K., MiharaM., Momota S., Nagae D., Nishikiori R., Niwa T.,
Ohnishi T., Okumura K., Ogura T., Sakurai H., Sato K.,
Shimbara Y., Suzuki H., Takeda H., Takeuchi S., Tanaka
K., Uenishi H., Winkler M., Yanagisawa Y., WatanabeS., Minomo K., Tagami S., Shimada M., Kimura M.,
Matsumoto T., Shimizu Y.R., Yahiro M. (Oral): “Searchfor halo nucleus in Mg isotopes through the measurements of reaction cross sections towards the vicinity ofneutron drip line”, International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Jun. 2–7, 2013, Firenze, Italy.
Suzuki S., Takechi M., Ohtsubo T., Nishimura D., Fukuda
M., Kuboki T., Nagashima M., Suzuki T., Yamaguchi
T., Ozawa A., Ohishi H., Moriguchi T., Sumikama T.,
Geissel H., Aoi N., Rui-Jiu Chen, De-Qing Fang, Fukuda
N., Fukuoka S., Furuki H., Inabe N., Ishibashi Y., Ito
T., Izumikawa T., Kameda D., Kubo T., Lantz M., Lee
C.S., Yu-Gang Ma, Mihara M., Momota S., Nagae D.,
Nishikiori R., Niwa T., Ohnishi T., Okumura K., Ogura
T., Sakurai H., Sato K., Shimbara Y., Suzuki H., Takeda
H., Takeuchi S., Tanaka K., Uenishi H., Winkler M.,
Yanagisawa Y., Yanagisawa Y., Watanabe S., Minomo
K., Tagami S., Shimada M., Kimura M., Matsumoto T.,
Shimizu Y.R., Yahiro M. (Oral): “Measurements of interaction cross sections for 22−−35 Na isotopes”, International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Jun. 2–
7, 2013, Firenze, Italy.
Nagashima} M., Ohtsubo T., Suzuki S., Nishimura D.,
Takechi M., Fukuda M., Suzuki T., Yamaguchi T.,
Ozawa A., Moriguchi T., Ohishi H., Sumikama T.,
Geissel H., Aoi N., Rui-Jiu Chen, De-Qing Fang, Fukuda
N., Fukuoka S., Furuki H., Inabe N., Ishibashi Y.,
Itoh T., Izumikawa T., Kameda D., Kubo T., Lantz
M., Yu-Gang Ma, Matsuta K., Mihara M., Momota
S., Nishikiori R., Niwa T., Ohnishi T., Okumura K.,
Ohtake M., Ogura T., Sakurai H., Shimbara Y., Suzuki
H., Takeda H., Takeuchi S., Tanaka K., Uenishi H.,
Winkler M., Yanagisawa Y. (Oral): “Interaction crosssection measurement of Al isotopes”, International Nuclear Physics Conference (INPC 2013), Jun. 2–7, 2013,
Firenze, Italy.
Murakami M., Goto S., Murayama H., Kojima T., Kaji D.,
Morimoto K., Haba H., Kudou Y., Sumita T., Sakai R.,
Yoneda A., Morita K., Kasamatsu Y., Kikunaga H., Sato

- 534 -

T.: Kudo H. (Poster): “Excitation functions for production of Rf isotopes in the 248 Cm +18 O reaction”, Eighth
Workshop on the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements(CHE8), Sep. 19–21, 2013, Takayama, Gifu, Japan.
Goto S., Oshimi Y., Tomitsuka T., Murakami M., Tsuto
S., Yatsu Y., Ooe K., Sato T., Tsukada K., Asai M.,
Toyoshima A., Miyashita S., Kaneya Y., Nagame Y.,
Kudo H. (Poster): “Gas phase chemistry of the volatilechloride compound of Hf isotopes”, Eighth Workshop
on the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements (CHE8),
Sep. 19–21, 2013, Takayama, Gifu, Japan.
Oshimi Y., Goto S., Taguchi T., Tomitsuka T., Ooe K.,
Kudo H. (Poster): “Oﬀ-line isothermal gas chromatography of Zr and Hf compounds”, 5th Asia-Paciﬁc Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), Sep. 22–
27, 2013, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan.
Koyama T., Goto N., Murakami M., Ooe K., Haba H.,
Kanaya J., Goto S., Kudo H. (Poster): “Development of a rapid solvent extraction technique with ﬂow
injection analysis for superheavy element chemistry”,
5th Asia-Paciﬁc Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13(APSORC13), Sep. 22–27, 2013, Kanazawa, Ishikawa,Japan.
Ooe K., Tsukada K., Asai M., Sato T., Toyoshima A.,
Miyashita S., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Kaneya Y.,
Lerum H. V., Omtvedt J. P., Kratz J. V., Haba H., WadaA., Kitayama Y. (Poster): “Development of a new degasser with a hydrophobic membrane for the SISAK system”, Eighth Workshop on the Chemistry of the Heaviest Elements (CHE8), Sep. 19–21, 2013, Takayama,Gifu, Japan.
Ooe K., Tsukada K., Asai M., Sato T., Toyoshima A.,
Miyashita S., Nagame Y., Schädel M., Kaneya Y.,
Lerum H. V., Omtvedt J. P., Kratz J. V., Haba H.,
Wada A., Kitayama Y. (Poster): “Development of a
new continuous dissolution apparatus with a hydrophobic membrane for superheavy element chemistry”, 5th
Asia-Paciﬁc Symposium on Radiochemistry ’13 (APSORC13), Sep. 22–27, 2013, Kanazawa, Ishikawa,Japan.
Sato D., Murakami M., Ooe K., Goto S., Kudo H. (Poster):“Extraction behavior of Nb and Ta with Aliquat 336 in
HF solution”, The 3rd International Congress on Natural Sciences with Sisterhood Universities (ICNS2013),
Oct. 12–14, 2013, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
Yoshida K. (Oral): “Shape evolution in Skyrme energydensity-functional method”, IN2P3-BLTP Workshop“Recent Achievements in Nuclear Theory”, Jul. 22–27,
2013, Bogoliubov Laboratory of Theoretical Physics,
JINR, Dubna, Russia.
Yoshida K. (Oral): “Collective mass parameters in Skyrme
EDF”, INT program on Quantitative Large Amplitude
Shape Dynamics: ﬁssion and heavy ion fusion, Sep. 23–
Oct. 4, 2013, Institute for Nuclear Theory, University ofWashington, USA.

2

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Yoshida K. (Oral): “Spin-isospin modes of excitation
and beta-decay properties of neutron-rich Zr isotopes”,
JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop, Dec. 9–12, 2013,
RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
Yoshida K. (Oral): “Low-lying spin-isospin modes of
excitation and isoscalar pairing”, YITP International
Molecule-type Workshop on New correlations in exotic
nuclei and advances of theoretical models, Mar. 10–23,
2014, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto
University, Kyoto, Japan.
Matsuo M. (Oral): “Quadrupole shape dynamics in view
from a theory of large amplitude collective motion”,
20th Nuclear Physics Workshop “Marie & Pierre Curie”,
Sep. 25–29, 2013, Kazimierz Dolny, Poland.
Matsuo M. (Oral): “Exotic aspects of pair correlationin neutron-rich nuclei”, French-Japanese Symposium
on Nuclear Structure Problems, Sep. 39–Oct.3, 2013,
CNRS, Paris, France.
Matsuo M. (Oral): “Two-neutron transfer amplitudes having extended tail: from the pair rotation to the giant pairvibration in Sn isotopic chain”, Workshop “From nuclear structure to particle-transfer reactions and back”,
Nov. 4–8, 2013, European Center for Theoretical Studies
in Nuclear Physics and Related Areas (ECT*), Trento,
Italy.
Matsuo M. (Oral): “Asymptotics of neutron Cooper pairin weakly bound nuclei”, JUSTIEPN-JUSEIPEN Workshop, Dec. 9–12, 2013, RIKEN Nishina Center, Wako,
Saitama, Japan.
Matsuo M. (Oral): “Spatial two-neutron correlation in the
Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov description of weakly boundnuclei”, International Molecule-type Workshop on New
Correlations in exotic nuclei and advances of theoreticalmodels, Mar. 10–23, 2014, Yukawa Institute for Theoretical Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
(Domestic Conference)
Yoshida K. (Oral): “Fully-selfconsistent deformed protonneutron QRPA with Skyrme EDF”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69ճ೥࣍େձ, (೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), 2014 ೥ 3 ݄ 27–30 ೔, ౦ւେֶʢভೆΩϟϯύεʣ.
Shimoyama H., Yoshida K., Nakatsukasa T. (Oral): “2 ࣍‫࠲ݩ‬ඪදࣔ߆ଋ৚݅෇͖ HFB ๏ʹΑΔେม‫ܗ‬ঢ়ଶͷ‫ه‬ड़”, ೔ຊ෺ཧֶձୈ 69 ճ೥࣍େձ, (೔ຊ෺ཧֶձ), 2014
೥ 3 ݄ 27–30 ೔, ౦ւେֶʢভೆΩϟϯύεʣ.

- 535 -

3

Ⅶ. LIST OF PUBLICATIONSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Radioactive nuclear beam group
IPNS (Institute for Particle and Nuclear Studies)
KEK (High Energy Accelerator Research Organization)
Publications[Journal]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Watanabe Y.X., Hirayama Y., Imai N., Ishiyama H., Jeong
S.C., Miyatake H., Clement E., de France G., NavinA., Rejmund M., Schmit C., Pollarolo G., Corradi L.,
Fioretto E., Motanari D., Choi S.H., Kim Y.H., Song
J.S., Niikura M., Suzuki D., Nishibata H., Takatsu J.,“Study of collisons of 136 Xe + 198 Pt for the KEK isotope separator”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 317 (2013)752-755, *Mukai M., Hirayama Y., Jeong S.C., Imai N., Ishiyama
H., Miyatake H., Oyaizu M., Watanabe Y.X., Kim Y.H.,“In–gas–cell laser ion source for KEK isotope separation
system”, Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 (2014) 02B906, *Hirayama Y., Mihara M., Watanabe Y.X., Jeong S.C.,
Miyatake H., Momota S., Hashimoto T., Imai N.,
Matsuta K., Ishiyama H., Ichikawa S., Ishii T.,
Izumikawa T., Katayama I., Kawakami H., Kawamura
H., Nishinaka I., Nishio K, Makii H., Mitsuoka S., Osa
A., Otokawa Y., Sato T.K., Wakabayashi Y., “Spin–polarized radioactive isotope beam produced by tilteld–
foil technique”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B. 317 (2013)
693–696, *Hirayama Y., Watanabe Y.X., Imai N., Ishiayma H., Jeong
S.C., Miyatake H., Oyaizu M., Kim Y.H., Mukai M.,
Matsuo Y., Sonoda T., Wada M., Mark H., Kudryavstev
Y., Piet V.D., “Oﬀ–line test of the KISS gas cell”, Nucl.
Instrum. Meth. 317 (2013) 480–483, *Ishiyama H., Jeong S.C., Watanabe Y.X., Hiryatama Y.,
Imai N., Miyatake H., Oyaizu M., Katayama I., Sataka
M., Osa A., Otokawa Y., Matsuda M., Makii H., NishioK., Sato T.K., Nakao A., “In situ diﬀusion measurements in solids using short-lived radioactive tracers of
8
Li and 20 Na”, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. 317 (2013) 789–
792, *
Suzuki H., Aoi N., Takeshita E., Takeuchi S., Ota S., Baba
H., Bishop S., Fukui T., Hashimoto Y., Ideguchi E.,
Ieki K., Imai N., Ishihara M., Iwasaki H., Kanno S.,
Kondo Y., Kubo T., Kurita K., Kusaka K., MinemuraT., Motobayashi T., Nakayabayashi T., Nakamura T.,
Nakao T., Niikura M., Okumura T., Ohnishi T.K.,
Ong H.J., Sakurai H., Shimoura S., Sugo R., SuzukiD., Suzuki M.K., Tamaki M., Tanaka K., Togano Y.,
Yamada K. ” Collectivity of neutron-rich Ti isotopes”,
Phys.Rev. C 88, 024326 (2013),*
Rothe S., Andreyev A.N., Antalic S., Borschevsky A.,
Capponi L., Cocolios T.E., Witte H. De., Eliav E.,
Fedorov D.V., Fedosseev V.N., Fink D.A., Fritzsche S.,
Ghys L., Huyse M., Imai N., Kaldor U., Kudryavtsev
Yuri., Köster U., Lynch K.M., Marsh B.A., NishioK., Pauwels D., Pershina V., Popescu L., Radulov D.,
Raeder S., Rajabali M.M., Rapisarda E., Rossel R.E.,
Sandhu K., Seliverstov M.D., Sjördin A.M., Bergh P.
Van den, Duppen P. Van., Venhart M., Wakabayashi
Y., Went K.D.A., ”Measurement of the ﬁrst ionization
potential of astatine by laser ionization spectroscopy.”
Nature Communications 05/2013; 4:1835.
[Book ・ Proceedings ]（Original Papers） *Subject to Peer Review
Watanabe Y.X., Miyatake H., Jeong S.C., Ishiyama H.,
Imai N., Hirayama Y., Oyaizu M., Niki K., Okada M.,
Wada M., Sonoda T., “KEK Isotope Separation System for β Deacy Spectroscopy of R-Process Nuclei”, NUCLEAR STRUCTURE PROBLEMS Proceeding of theFrench–Japanese Symposium, World Scientiﬁc Publishing Co. (2013) 167-172. ,*Sonoda T., Wada M., Tomita H., Sakamoto C., TakatsukaT., Noto T., Iiumra H., Matsuo Y., Kubo T., ShinozukaT., Wakui T., Mita H., Naimi S., Furukawa T., ItouY., Schury P., Miyatake H., Jeong S.C., ishiyama
H., Watanabe Y.X., Hirayama Y., “Development ofa gas cell–based laser ion source for RIKEN PALIS”,
Hyper ﬁne Interract Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Laser Probing (LAP 2012), DOI
10.1007/s10751-013-0817-6, *Oral Presentations(International Conference etc.)
Hirayama Y., “beta–decay spectroscopy of r–process nuclei with N=126 at Kiss”, The 12th international symposium on Origin of Matter and Evoltion of Galaxies(OMEG12), 17–21 November, 2013, Tsukuba, Japan
Watanabe Y.X., Miyatake H., Jeong S.C., Ishiyama H.,
Imai N., Hirayama Y., Oyaizu M., Mukai M., Kim
Y.H., “Present status of KEK isotope separation system”, French–Japanese International Assoiciated Laboratory for Nuclear Structure Problems (LIA 2013), 30
September–3 October, 2013, Paris, JFrench
Miyatake H., “RNB KISS Project”, KEK–TRIUMF Scientiﬁc Symposium, 10–11 October, 2013, TRIUMF,
CanadaMukai M., Hirayama Y., Jeong S.C., Imai N., Ishiyama H.,
Miyatake H., Oyaizu M., Watanabe Y.X., Kim Y.H.,“In–gas–cell laser ion source for KEK isotope separation system”, The 15th International Conference on Ion
Sources (ISIS’13), 9–13 September, 2013, Chiba, Japan
Kim Y.H., “Study of the Multi–Nucleon Transfer Reactions of 136 Xe + 198 Pt for producing Exotic Heavy Nuclei”, The 12th Asia Paciﬁc Physics Conference ASEPS
Asia–Europe Physics Summit (APPC12), 14–19 July,
2013, Makuhari, Japan
Hirayama Y., “Development of the KISS gas cell”, 11th
IGISOL Workshop, 11–13 June, 2013, Jyvaskyla, Finland- 536 -

1

VIII. LIST OF PREPRINTSⅧ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

List of Preprints (April 2013 - March 2014)
RIKEN NC-NP
101

Feasibility of the finite amplitude method in covariant density functional theory

H. Liang, T. Nakatsukasa et Apr., 2013
al.

102

Deformation and cluster structures in 12C studied with configuration mixing using Skyrmeinteractions

Y. Fukuoka, S. Shinohara et Apr., 2013
al.

105

Giant dipole resonance in $^{88}$Mo from phonon damping model's strength functions averaged N. Dinh Dang, M. Ciemala
over temperature and angular momentum distributions
et al.

Apr., 2013

106

Nuclear β+/EC decays in covariant density functional theory and the impact of isoscalar
proton-neutron pairing

Z. M. Niu, Y. F. Niu et al.

Apr., 2013107

Shape evolution of giant resonances in Nd and Sm isotopes

K. Yoshida, T. Nakatsukasa Jun., 2013108

Low-energy E1 strength in select nuclei: Possible constraints on the neutron skins and thesymmetry energy

T. Inakura, T. Nakatsukasa
et al.

Jun., 2013109

Single-reference high-precision mass measurement with a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass
spectrograph

Y. Ito, P. Schury et al.

Jul., 2013110

On the importance of using exact pairing in the study of pygmy dipole resonance

N. Dinh Dang, N. Quang
Hung

May, 2013

111

A Novel Ion Cooling Trap for Multi-Reflection Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrograph

Y. Ito, P. Schury et al.

Aug., 2013112

Pseudospin symmetry in supersymmetric quantum mechanics. II. Spin-orbit effects

S. Shen, H. Liang et al.

May, 2013113

Pairing effects in nuclear fusion reaction

S. Ebata, T. Nakatsukasa

Aug., 2013

114

Wide-band mass measurements with a multi-reflection time-of-flight mass spectrograph

P. Schury, Y. Ito et al.

Sep., 2013

115

Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in localized covariant density functional theory

H.Z. Liang, J. Meng et al.

Aug., 2013

116

Pseudospin symmetry: Recent progress with supersymmetric quantum mechanics

H. Liang, J. Meng et al.

Oct., 2013

117

Production cross section measurements of radioactive isotopes by BigRIPS separator at RIKEN RI
Beam Factory

H. Suzuki, T. Kubo et al.

Oct., 2013

118

Identification and Separation of Radioactive Isotope Beams by the BigRIPS Separator at the RIKEN N. Fukuda, T. Kubo et al.
RI Beam Factory

Oct., 2013

119

Extraction of 3D field maps of magnetic multipoles from 2D surface measurements with applications H. Takeda, T. Kubo et al.
to the optics calculations of the large-acceptance superconducting fragment separator BigRIPS

Nov., 2013

120

Development of Parallel Plate Avalanche Counter PPAC for BigRIPS fragment separator

H. Kumagai, T. Ohnishi etal.

Nov., 2013

121

Finite-amplitude method: An extension to the covariant density functionals

H. Liang, T. Nakatsukasa et Oct., 2013
al.

122

Pure collective precession motion of a high-spin torus isomerT. Ichikawa, K.
Matsuyanagi et al.

Jan., 2014

123

Structure of 136Sn and the Z=50 magicity

H. Wang, N. Aoi et al.

Nov., 2013

124

Probing the critical behavior in the evolution of GDR width at very low temperatures in A ~ 100 mass B. Dey, D. Mondal et al.
region125

Current status of the "Hybrid Kurotama model" for total reaction cross sections

L. Sihver, A. Kohama et al. Mar., 2014

126

An improved parameterization of the transparency parameter in Kox and Shen models of total
reaction cross sections

L. Sihver, M. Lantz et al.

127

DALI2: A NaI(Tl) detector array for measurements of $¥gamma$ rays fromS. Takeuchi, T. Motobayashi Feb., 2014
et al.

128

Giant dipole resonance in highly excited nuclei

N. Dinh Dang

Jul., 2013

129

Oblate deformation of light neutron-rich even-even nuclei

I. HamamotoFeb., 2014

130

Treating Coulomb exchange contributions in relativistic mean field calculations: why and how

N. Van Giai, H. Liang et al.

Nov., 2013

131

Energy-density-functional calculations including proton-neutron mixing

K. Sato, J. Dobaczewski etal.

Aug., 2013

- 537 -

Oct., 2013

Mar., 2014

Ⅷ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

RIKEN NC- AC
Not Applicable

RIKEN MP69

Towards Holographic Spintronics

K. Hashioto, N. Iizuka et al. Apr., 2013

71

Superconformal Indices and M2 Branes

R. Eager, J. Schmude

May, 2013

73

Primordial spectra from sudden turning trajectory

T. Noumi, M. Yamaguchi

Jul., 201374

Laplace operators on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds

J. Schmude

Aug., 201375

Vacuum Instability in Electric Fields via AdS/CFT: Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian and Planckian
Thermalization

K. Hashimoto, T. Oka

July, 201376

Effective gravitational interactions of dark matter axions

T. Noumi, K. Saikawa et al. Oct., 201377

From the Berkovits formulation to the Witten formulation in open superstring field theory

Y. Iimori, T. Noumi et al.

Dec., 2013

78

Non-Lagrangian Theories from Brane Junctions

L. Baoa, V. Mitevb et al.

Oct., 201379

Notes on Enhancement of Flavor Symmetry and 5d Superconformal Index

M. TakiOct., 201380

Phase structure of topological insulators by lattice strong-coupling expansion

Y. Araki, T. Kimura et al.

Nov., 2013

81

General conditions ensuring relativistic causality in an effective field theory based on the derivative Y. Minami, Y. Hidaka
expansion

Jan., 201482

Note on intersecting branes in topological strings

T. KimuraJan., 201483

Seiberg duality, and 5d SCFTs and Nekrasov Partition Functions

M. TakiJan., 201484

Current Reflection and Transmission at Conformal Defects

T. Kimura, M. Murata

Feb., 201485

Non-Gaussianities of primordial perturbations and tensor sound speed

T. Noumi, M. Yamaguchi

Mar., 2014

86

Magnetic instability in AdS/CFT : Schwinger effect and Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian ofSupersymmetric QCD

K. Hashimoto, T. Oka et al. Mar., 2014

87

On AGT-W Conjecture and q-Deformed W-Algebra

M. TakiMar., 2014

RIKEN QHP
50

Neutrino spectral density at electroweak scale temperature

K. Miura, Y. Hidaka et al.

Jun., 2013

77

Strangeness and charmness content of nucleon from overlap fermions on 2+1-flavor domain-wall M. Gong, A. Alexandru etfermion configurations
al.

Apr., 201381

Nambu-Goldstone modes and the Josephson supercurrent in the bilayer quantum Hall system

Y. Hama, G. Tsitsishvili etal.

Apr., 201382

Energy-momentum tensor from the Yang-Mills gradient flow

H. Suzuki

Apr., 201383

Flow equation of functional renormalization group for three-body scattering problems

Y. Tanizaki

Apr., 201384

Phase shifts in I=2 ¥pi¥pi-scattering from two lattice approaches

T. Kurth, N. Ishii et al.

May, 201386

Spin-Orbit Force from Lattice QCD

K. Murano, N. Ishii et al.

May, 2013- 538 -

Ⅷ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)87

Dynamical Mass Generation of Light-vector Mesons from QCD Trace Anomaly

T. HayataJun., 201388

Equation of State for Nucleonic Matter and its Quark Mass Dependence from the Nuclear Force inLattice QCD

T. Inoue, S. Aoki et al.

Jul., 201389

SUSY breaking by nonperturbative dynamics in a matrix model for 2D type IIA superstrings

M.G. Endres, T. Kuroki etal.

Aug., 2013

90

Rotating lattice

A. Yamamoto, Y. Hirono

Aug., 201391

Vortices and Other Topological Solitons in Dense Quark Matter

M. Eto, Y. Hirono et al.

Aug., 201392

Temporal Chiral Spiral in Strong Magnetic Fields

T. Hayata, Y. Hidaka et al.

Aug., 201393

Fermionic Functional Renormalization Group Approach to Superfluid Phase Transition

Y. Tanizaki, G. Fejos et al.

Oct., 201394

Sign problem and the chiral spiral on the finite-density lattice

R. Fukuda, K. Fukushima et Sep., 2013
al.

95

Domain Walls and Vortices in Chiral Symmetry Breaking

M. Eto, Y. Hirono et al.

Sep., 2013

96

First Numerical Simulations of Anomalous Hydrodynamics

M. Hongo, Y. Hirono et al.

Sep., 201398

On the symmetry improved CJT formalism in the $O(4)$ linear sigma model

H. MaoSep., 2013

100

Broken spacetime symmetries and elastic variables

T. Hayata, Y. Hidaka

Dec., 2013

101

Fermionic Functional Renormalization Group Approach to Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dimers

Y. Tanizaki

Nov., 2013

102

Cutoff effects on lattice nuclear forces

T. Doi (HAL QCD
Collaboration)

Nov., 2013

103

Functional renormalization group approach to conventional theory of superfluidity and beyond

Y. Tanizaki, G. Fejős et al.

Nov., 2013

104

General conditions ensuring relativistic causality in an effective field theory based on the derivative Y. Minami, Y. Hidaka
expansion

Jan., 2014

105

Charmed Tetraquarks Tcc and Tcs from Dynamical Lattice QCD Simulations

Y. Ikeda, B. Charron et al.

Nov., 2013

106

Universal physics of three bosons with isospin

T. Hyodo, T. Hatsuda et al.

Nov., 2013

107

Fermionic functional renormalization group with multiple regulators and the BCS-BEC crossover

Y. Tanizaki

Feb., 2014108

A comparative study of two lattice approaches to two-body systems

B. Charron (HAL QCD
Collaboration)

Nov., 2013

109

A Lattice Study of Quark and Glue Momenta and Angular Momenta in the Nucleon

M. Deka, T. Doi et al.

Dec., 2013

110

Thermodynamics of SU(3) Gauge Theory from Gradient Flow

M. Asakawa, T. Hatsuda etal.

Dec., 2013111

Ultrasoft fermionic excitation at finite chemical potential

J.-P. Blaizot, D. Satow

Feb., 2014113

Lattice QCD with mismatched Fermi surfaces

A. YamamotoFeb., 2014

114

Phase structure of SU(3) gauge-Higgs unification models at finite temperature

K. Kashiwa, Y. Tanizaki

Mar., 2014

115

Schwinger Mechanism with Stochastic Quantization

K. Fukushima, T. Hayata

Mar., 2014

116

Momentum transport away from jet in expanding medium

Y. Tachibana, T. HiranoFeb., 2014

117

Massive Hybrid Stars with StrangenessT. Takatsuka, T. Hatsuda et Feb., 2014
al.

120

Spin-2 N Omega Dibaryon from Lattice QCD

F. Etminan, H. Nemura etal.

Mar., 2014

123

Chiral dynamics in a magnetic field from the functional renormalization group

K. Kamikado, T. Kanazawa

Dec., 2013

124

Real-time correlation functions in the O(N) model from the functional renormalization group

K. Kamikado, N. Strodthoff Feb., 2014
et al.

125

Microscopic Origin and Universality Classes of the Efimov Three-Body Parameter

P. Naidon, S. Endo et al.

- 539 -

Dec., 2013

Ⅷ. LIST OF PREPRINTS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

126

Rabi Oscillations between Atomic and Molecular Condensates Driven with Coherent One-Color
Photoassociation

M. Yan, B.J. DeSalvo et al.

Aug., 2013

128

Complex 2D Matrix Model and Its Application to Nc-dependence of Hadron Structures

K. Nawa, S. Ozaki et al.

Jan., 2014131

Double-spin asymmetry A_{LT} in open charm production.

Y. Hatta, K. Kanazawa et al. May, 2014132

Three-gluon contribution to the single spin asymmetry for light hadron production in pp collision

H. Beppu, K. Kanazawa etal.

Dec., 2013

133

Sine Square Deformation and String Theory

T. TadaJul., 2013140

Search for possible bound Tcc and Tcs on the latticeY. Ikeda (HAL QCD Coll.)

Oct., 2013

142

QCD effective potential with strong U(1)_{¥em} magnetic fields

S. OzakiNov., 2013

145

Hybrid Monte Carlo on Lefschetz thimbles - A study of the residual sign problem

H. Fujii, D. Honda et al.

Sep., 2013

CNS-REP
91

Mixed harmonic azimuthal correlations in √=2.76TeV Pb-Pb collisions measured by ALICE at LHC Y. Hori

Nishina Center Preprint server (not including Partner Institution) can be found at
http://nishina-preprints.riken.jp/- 540 -

Apr., 2013

IX. LIST OF SYMPOSIA& WORKSHOPSⅨ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA & WORKSHOPSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

List of Symposia & Workshops (April 2013 - March 2014)
RNC
1

The 6th RIBF discussion "Nuclear mass"
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1165

RNC

May 24

2

MINOS collaboration meeting
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1196

RNC

Jun. 25

3

SAMURAI Collaboration meeting
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1164

RNC

Jun. 25

4

RIBF Users Meeting 2013
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1142

RNC

Jun. 26-27

5

The 7th RIBF discussion “Exotic modes of nuclear rotation”
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1236

RNC

Jul. 24

6

PHENIX Workshop on Physics Prospects with Detector and Accelerator Upgrade
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1221

RNC

Jul. 29- Aug. 27

2nd BRIKEN Workshop
http://indico.ific.uv.es/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?ovw=True&confId=1938

RNC

Jul. 30 - 31

8

The 1st JCPRG-RNC Joint Workshop on Nuclear Data
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1235

RNC

Aug. 8-9

9

SAMURAI International Collaboration Workshop
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1144

Tokyo Tech.

Sep. 9 - 1010

HPCI Joint Workshop: “Multi-particle resonances and astrophysical reaction problems in few-bodysystems”
http://www.jicfus.jp/jp/131021-25few-body/

RNC

Oct. 21 – 25

11

Todai/Riken joint workshop on Super Yang-Mills, solvable systems and related subjects
https://sites.google.com/site/workshop235/home/

Univ. of Tokyo

Oct. 23 - 24

12

Japan-Korea PHENIX Collaboration Workshop 2013
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1327

SungKyunKwan Univ.

Nov. 4 – 5

13

Hadron2013
http://hadron2013.kek.jp/

Nara prefectural New
Public Hall

Nov. 4 - 8

14Workshop on Nuclear equation of state with strangeness
http://www.jicfus.jp/field5/jp/131111-15hpci/

RIKEN

Nov. 11 - 15

15

Lattice Meets Experiment 2013: Beyond the Standard Model
http://www.bnl.gov/lme2013/

BNL

Dec. 5 - 6

16

JUSTIPEN-JUSEIPEN Workshop
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1263

RNC

Dec. 9 - 12

17

The Investigation of Hot QCD Matter
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1291

RNC

Dec. 1018

Nuclear matter in neutron stars investigated by experiments and astronomical observations
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1296

RNC

Dec. 25

19

K Computer, Post K Computer and Fundamental Physics
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1393

RIKEN

Jan. 720

7th Workshop on Nuclear Spectroscopy using Slow & Stopped RI beams (SSRI)
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1411

RNC

Mar. 3 - 4

21

The 8th RIBF discussion “Nuclear EOS probed by direct reaction”
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1409

Kyushu Univ.

Mar. 4- 541 -

Ⅸ. LIST OF SYMPOSIA & WORKSHOPSRIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

22[RIBF ULIC mini-workshop 027] Nuclear symmetry-energy and nucleus-nucleus collision
simulation
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1175

RNC

Jul. 2 – 4

23[RIBF ULIC mini-workshop 028] An investigation into multi-neutron detection via NEBULA andnew neutron detectors
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1311

RNC

Oct. 10 - 11

24

[RIBF-ULIC mini-workshop 029] Progress and Future Plans of the Research Group for Reaction
Cross Sections
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1454

RNC

Mar. 1125[RIBF-ULIC mini-workshop 030] RIBF Users Executive Committee
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1456

RNC

Mar. 18

CNS1

The 12th international symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies (OMEG12)
http://kekrnb.kek.jp/omeg12/

TsukubaNov. 18 - 22

Niigata Univ.
1

原子核密度汎関数理論ミーティング（DFT ミーティング）

Niigata Univ.

Feb. 102

Progress and Future Plans of the Research Group for Reaction Cross Sections

RNC

Mar. 11

TsukubaNov. 18 - 22

KEK1

The 12th International Symposium on Origin of Matter and Evolution of Galaxies- 542 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

List of Seminars (April 2013 - March 2014)
Nuclear Physics Monthly Colloquium
1

Hirohiko Shimizu (Nagoya
Univ.)

Particle and Nuclear Physics using Slow Neutrons
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1047

May 142

Junichiro Makino (Tokyo
Tech.)

Dark matter halo simulation using the Kei computer
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1295

Oct. 8

3

Emiko Hiyama (RNC)

Exotic nuclei with strangeness from viewpoint of few-body problem
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1309

Nov. 26

4

Kazunori Itakura (KEK)

Strong field physics and its application to hadron physics
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1371

Jan. 14

RIBF Nuclear Physics Seminar
1

Haozhao Liang (RNC)

Pseudospin symmetry in nuclear single-particle spectra and its perturbative interpretation
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1091

Apr. 92

UENO Hideki (RNC)

Spin-oriented RI beams at RIBF and their applications
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1157

Jun. 113

Yoshimasa Hidaka (RNC)

Generalization of the Nambu-Goldstone theorem
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1185

Jun. 18

4

Shigehiro Nagataki(Astrophysical Big Bang Lab.,RIKEN)RIBF Nuclear Physics Seminars 167th: Nuclear Astrophysics in Astrophysical Big Bang
Laboratory
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1222

Jul. 95

Valerii Panin (GSI)

Exclusive Measurements of Proton-Induced Quasi-Free Scattering Reactions in Inverse andComplete Kinematics
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1250

Aug. 12

6

Yoshihiro Aritomo(Tokyo Tech.)

Dynamics approach to synthesis of superheavy elements
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1326

Oct. 29

7

Yasuro Funaki (RNC)

Imaginary time theory for triple-alpha reaction rate
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1348

Nov. 228

Hiroshi Suzuki (RNC)

Production cross section measurements and New isotope searches by BigRIPS separator at
RIKEN RI Beam Factory
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1410

Jan. 28

9

Lembit Sihver(Chalmers Univ. of Tech.)

Charged Particle Transport Simulations for Radiotherapy and Space Dosimetry
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1419

Feb. 6

10

Nobuyuki Kobayashi(Univ. of Tokyo)

Spectroscopy of p-wave neutron halo nuclei via neutron removal reactions
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1427

Feb. 18

11

Stefano Gandolfi(Los Alamos National Lab.)Microscopic Calculations of Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Neutron Matter
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1425

Feb. 26

12

Kenichiro Tateishi (RNC)

Dynamic nuclear polarization - from polarized target to NMR spectroscopic applications
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1440

Mar. 11

13

Bijay Kumar Agrawal(Saha Inst. of Nuclear
Physics)

Nuclear symmetry energy from nuclear observables
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1444

Mar. 25

14

Attila Krasznahorkay(MTA Atomki)

Constraining the EoS of neutron-rich matter by studying giant resonances
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1469

Mar. 31- 543 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Lecture Series on Nuclear Physics
1

Tatsuyuki Takatsuka(Iwate Univ.)

X-2: Baryonic Matter and Neutron Stars
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1117

May 9

2

Tatsuyuki Takatsuka(Iwate Univ.)

X-3: Baryonic Matter and Neutron Stars
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1192

Jul. 26

Special Seminar
not held in FY2013

Seminar by Each Laboratory
Theoretical Research Division
1

Shigehiro Nagataki(Astrophysical Big Bang Lab.,RIKEN)Take off of Our New Lab. "Astrophysical Big Bang Laboratory"
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1122

Apr. 10

2

Charles Melby-Thompson(IPMU, Univ. of Tokyo)

Anisotropic Conformal Symmetry and Gravity
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1123

Apr. 153

Jens Hoppe (Sogang Univ.)

Noncommutative Surfaces

Apr. 22

4

Takashi Nakatsukasa (RNC)

Introduction of Theoretical Nuclear Physics Laboratory
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1131

Apr. 24

5

Takashi Nakatsukasa (RNC)

Real-time calculations of many-body quantum dynamics (II)http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1160

May 15

6

Kantaro Omori(Univ. of Tokyo)

Superstring theory and integration over moduli space
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1159

May 207

Nodoka Yamanaka(Kyoto Univ.)

Electric dipole moments and supersymmetric CP violation
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1176

May 27

8

Akihisa Kohama (RNC)

Systematic studies of nuclear total reaction cross sections and related topics
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1177

May 299

Kosuke Yoshioka(Univ. of Tokyo)

Quantum degenerate phases of electron-hole systems in photoexcited semiconductors
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1181

May 31

10

Shin Nakamura(Nagoya Univ.)

Non-equilibrium Phase Transitions and Non-equilibrium Critical Point from AdS/CFT

Jun. 3

11

Etsuko Itou (KEK)

Conformal fixed point of Nf=12 SU(3) gauge theory

Jun. 10

12

Kouhei Washiyama (RNC)

Fusion and dynamical potential in heavy systems
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1195

Jun. 19

13

Atsushi Nakamura(Hiroshima Univ.)

HPCI 主催素核宇宙融合レクチャーシリーズ第 9 回「ゼロからの格子 QCD 入門-有限バリオン密度系の研究を目指して」

Jun.
26-27

14

Shuhrat Kalandarov(JINR / Tokyo Tech.)

Production of doubly magic nucleus 100Sn in fusion reactions via particle and cluster
emission channels
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1200

Jul. 515

Hiroto So (Ehime Univ.)

Criteria of Lattice Supersymmetry: Cyclic Leibniz Rule

Jul. 816

Hiroshi Suzuki (RIKEN)

Energy-momentum tensor from the Yang-Mills gradient flow

Jul. 22- 544 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)17

Ellena Botta (INFN - Sezione
di Torino and Torino Univ.)

Highlights on n-rich $¥Lambda$-Hypernuclei from the FINUDA experiment
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1270

Aug. 28

18

Nguyen Dinh Dang (RNC)

Giant dipole resonance in 88-Mo from phonon damping model's strength functions averaged
over temperature and angular momentum
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1275

Sep. 419

Jiangming Yao (Tohoku Univ. /Southwest Univ.)

Description of Nuclear Collective Excitations with Multi-Reference Covariant Density
Functional Theory (The 41st Nuclear Theory Seminar)

Oct. 920

Masato Taki (RIKEN)

Junction of 5d CFT, 5-branes and AGT relation

Oct. 21

21

Seiji Terashima (YITP)

Exact results in supersymmetric field theories on manifolds with boundaries

Oct. 28

22

Akio Hosoya (Tokyo Tech.)Black Holes and Quantum Information
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1332

Oct. 30

23

Y. Taniguchi(Univ. of Tsukuba)

Cluster correlations in deformed states
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1345

Nov. 824

Shinichi Sasa (Kyoto Univ)

An Introduction to Modern Non-Equilibrium Statistical Mechanics

Nov. 1425

Marcus Werner (IPMU)

Mathematical properties of gravitational lensing theory

Nov. 18

26

Koichi Sato (RNC)

Energy-density-functional calculations including the proton-neutron mixing
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1351

Nov. 20

27

Nguyen Dinh Dang (RNC),
Maria Dainotti, and Herman
Lee (Astrophysical Big Bang
Lab., RIKEN)

Viscosity: From air to hot nuclei/ The Luminosity-time correlation (Lx-Ta) in GRB afterglows
as a cosmological tool/ Supernova Remnants --- Active Retirement Life of Stars
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1365

Nov. 27

28

Jiangming Yao(Tohoku Univ. & Southwest
Univ.)

Beyond mean‐field description of impurity effect of Lambda hyperon on nuclear collective
excitations
http://snp.riken.jp/abstract_pdf/abstract_RIKEN2013_yao.pdf

Dec. 329

Hitoshi Murayama(Kavli IPMU, Univ. of Tokyo)

The Quantum Universe
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1378

Dec. 430

Yasuhiro Yamaguchi (RCNP)

Exotic baryons from a heavy meson and a nucleon
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1373

Dec. 1031

Mitsuhiro Kato
(Univ. of Tokyo)

Extending string field theory for massless higher spin fields

Dec. 1032

Takahiro Tanaka (YITP)

Field theory in de Sitter space

Dec. 12

33

Hyun-Chul Kim (Inha Univ.)

Transverse charge and spin structures of the pion and the nucleon

Dec. 17

34

Akinori Ogawa (KIAS)

Basic issues of entanglement entropy in AdS/CFT

Jan. 6

35

Akihiro Ishibashi (Kinki Univ.)

Black Holes in Higher Dimensions
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1396

Jan. 836

Kosuke Sumiyoshi (Numazu
National College of Tech.)

素核宇宙融合レクチャーシリーズ第 10 回「重力崩壊型超新星の爆発メカニズム：核物理と天文数値シ
ミュレーションの連携」

Jan.
10-11

37

Haozhao Liang (RNC)

Nuclear beta-decay half-lives and the impact of isoscalar proton-neutron pairing
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1405

Jan. 15

38

Shigeru Kubono (RNC)

Study of explosive hydrogen burning process for type II supernovae
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1408

Jan. 22- 545 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)39

Yoshimasa Hidaka (RNC)

Spacetime Symmetry Breaking, Elastic Variables and Nambu-Goldstone Modes

Jan. 29

40

Daigo Honda (Univ. of Tokyo)

Classical Liouville Three-point Functions from Riemann-Hilbert Analysis

Feb. 341

Maxim Barkov (AstrophysicalBig Bang Lab., RIKEN)

Magnetically driven gamma-ray bursts
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1431

Feb. 1242

Jirong Mao (Astrophysical Big
Bang Lab., RIKEN)

Gamma-ray Burst: A Possible Site to Detect R-process Elements?
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1431

Feb. 1243

Haozhao Liang (RNC)

Nuclear collective excitations and r-process nucleosynthesis
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1431

Feb. 12

44

Avraham Gal(The Hebrew Univ.)

Pion-assisted Nucleon-Delta and Delta-Delta dibaryons

Feb. 2645

Kengo Maeda (Shibaura tech.)

Application of AdS/CFT beyond Linear Response Theory and Construction of New Static Black
Holes Solutions

Mar. 1046

Taro Kimura(RIKEN/CEA Saclay)

Current reflection and transmission at conformal defects

Mar. 1747

Kazuyuki Ogata (RCNP)

素核宇宙融合レクチャーシリーズ 第 11 回「離散化チャネル結合法を軸とする原子核反応研究の進展と
応用」

Mar.
24-25

Sub Nuclear System Research Division1

Jinfeng Liao (Indiana Univ. &CEEM, RBRC)

Jet Quenching at RHIC vs LHC in Light of Recent dAu vs pPb Controls Workshop:
Opaqueness Evolution from Color Liberation

Apr. 16

2

Bernd Kniehl (Hamburg Univ.)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL: Heavy-quarkonium theory in the LHC era

Jun. 18

3

Shu Lin (SUNY Stony Brook)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL:Out of equilibrium chiral magnetic conductivity and chiral magnetic wave

Jul. 25

4

Michael Lublinsky(Ben-Gurion Univ.)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL:QCD Reggeon Field Theory from the JIMWLK/KLWMIJ evolution

Jul. 26

5

Robert Lohmayer(Florida International Univ.)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL:
Many-flavor Schwinger model at finite chemical potential

Aug. 8

6

Denis Molnar

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL

Aug. 30

7

Anna Stasto (Penn State)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Forward particle production in proton(deutron)-nucleus collisions at higher order accuracy

Sep. 6

8

Zheng Li (RBRC)

Novel Silicon Detector Development and Processing for Nuclear and High Energy Physics andPhoton Science at BNL
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1265

Sep. 99Isao Watanabe (RNC)

muSR Applications Seminar (UI/Indonesia)

Sep.
10-11

10

Tilman Plehn(Univ. of Heidelberg)

High-Energy Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Higgs Physics for the LHC

Sep. 11

11

Naoki Yamamoto(Univ. of Maryland)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar:
Kinetic theory with quantum anomalies and its applications

Sep. 13

12

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

Muon Site Esimation Seminar (USM/Malaysia)

Sep. 13- 546 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)13

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Applications to Materials Science (Kyutech)

Sep. 17

14

Luca Vecchi(Univ. of Maryland)

High-Energy Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Dark Matter in Un Natural Composite Higgs Models

Sep. 18

15

V. Parameswaran Nair
(CUNY City College)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Anomalies and Fluid dynamics: A group-theoretic approach

Sep. 20

16

Yu Maezawa (BNL)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Spatial meson correlations and screening masses at finite temperature in lattice simulations
with HISQ

Sep. 26

17

Taku Izubuchi (BNL)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL

Sep. 27

18

Daisuke Satow (RNC/BNL)RIKEN Theory Physics Seminar at BNL:
(Quasi) Nambu-Goldstone Fermion in QGP and Cold Atom System

Oct. 319

Gokce Basar (Stony Brook)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL
Resurgence theory, ghost instantons and analytical continuation of path integrals

Oct. 420

Akihiko Monnai (RBRC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Non-equilibrium collective dynamics in high-energy heavy ion collisions

Oct. 1021

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Applications at the RIKEN-RAL and RAON(Chung-ang Univ./ Korea)

Oct. 1022

Amarjit Soni (BNL)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL

Oct. 11

23

Shinsuke Yoshida (RNC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL: Application of the twist-3 framework to the high energy spin
physics

Oct. 1724

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Applications at the RIKEN-RAL(National Tsing Hua Univ./Taiwan)

Oct. 1725

Denes Molnar (Purdue)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Radiative ggg<->gg transport and thermalization

Oct. 18

26

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Applications at the RIKEN-RAL(National Cheng Kung Univ./Taiwan)

Oct. 18

27

Gabe Shaughnessy(Univ. of Wisconsin)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL

Oct. 23

28

Anna Hasenfratz(Univ. of Colorado)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Strongly coupled gauge theories in and out of the conformal window

Oct. 24

29

Chris Monahan(College of William and Mary)

High-Energy Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
B physics from the lattice: m_b and f_B

Oct. 30

30

Jose Wudka (UC Riverside)

High-Energy Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Effective Theories and Some Applications

Nov. 631

Keitaro Nagata (KEK)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Baryon number distribution in lattice QCD simulations

Nov. 732

Azwindinni Muronga(Johannesburg)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Beyond second-order dissipative fluid dynamics

Nov. 833

Teiichiro Matsuzaki, KatsuhikoIshida & Isao Watanabe (RNC)

Applications and Researches at the RIKEN-RAL (ITS/Indonesia)

Nov. 1134

James Gainer(Univ. of Florida)

High-Energy Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:The Higgs Boson in the Golden Channel

Nob. 1335

Shigemi Ohta (KEK/RBRC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Nucleon structure from 2+1-flavor dynamical DWF lattice QCD at nearly physical pion mass

Nov. 14- 547 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)36

Tseh Liou (Columbia)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Radiative pT-broadening of high energy quarks and gluons in QCD matter

Nov. 15

37

Axel Cortes Cubero (CUNY)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:The Integrable Bootstrap Program at Large N and its Applications in Gauge Theory

Nov. 21

38

Timo Alho (Jyvaskyla)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Thermodynamics of holographic models for QCD in the Veneziano limit

Nov. 22

39

Berndt Mueller (BNL)The Investigation of Hot QCD Matter

Dec. 1040

Jared Evans (Rutgers Univ.)

Joint HET/RIKEN/YITP Seminar at BNL:
Under the Lens of RPV: An Examination of the LHC Program

Dec. 1141

Ethan Neil
(Univ. of Colorado / RBRC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Composite Bosonic Dark Matter

Dec. 1242

Vladimir Skokov(Western Michigan Univ.)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Collectivity in proton-nucleus collisions at LHC

Dec. 1343

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Facility at RAON(Osaka Univ.)

Dec. 18

44

Sergey Syritsyn (RBRC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Nucleon structure on a lattice near the physical point

Dec. 1945

Taichi Kawanai (BNL)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL

Dec. 20

46

Yasumichi Aoki
(KMI, Nagoya Univ.)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Physics near the conformal boundary in SU(3) gauge theory

Jan. 947

Heikki Mantysaari(Jyvaskyla Univ.)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Particles from the Colored Glass: diffraction, DIS and hadron production

Jan. 1048

Maxwell T. Hansen(Univ. of Washington)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Mapping the finite-volume spectrum to the S-matrix

Jan. 1549

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Applications at RCNP, RIKEN-RAL and RAON (ibs／Korea)

Jan. 15

50

Soeren Schlichting (BNL)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL:
Turbulent thermalization process in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies

Jan. 16

51

Jinfeng Liao (Indiana Univ.)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Opaqueness evolution and hard probe of fluctuating geometry from RHIC to LHC

Jan. 1752

Gabe Shaughnessy

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Exploring Higgs Doublet Models With Future Colliders

Jan. 2253

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

μSR Applications at the RIKEN-RAL (NTNU／Norway)

Jan. 28

54

Sergei Dubovsky(New York Univ.)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Integrable Quantum Gravity and the Hierarchy Problem

Jan. 29

55

Hiroshi Ohno (BNL)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Dirac spectrum and chiral and U_A(1) symmetries at finite temperature with the highly
improved staggered quarks

Jan. 30

56

Chris Kelly (RBRC)

Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL

Jan. 31

57

Yuji Koike (Niigata Univ.)

第１回高エネルギーQCD・核子構造勉強会：摂動ＱＣＤに基づくシングルスピン非対称研究の現状
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1417

Feb. 458

Yuji Goto (RNC)

第１回高エネルギーQCD・核子構造勉強会：RHIC-PHENIX 実験の高度化計画
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1417

Feb. 4- 548 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

59

Matt Buckley (Rutgers, The
State Univ. of New Jersey)

High-Energy Physics & RKEN Theory Seminar at BNL :Searching for new electroweak particles with superrazor variables

Feb. 560

Kouji Kashiwa (RBRC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Investigation of QCD phase structure from imaginary chemical potential

Feb. 661

Christoph Lehner (BNL)

High-Energy Physics & RKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Perspectives in lattice B physics

Feb. 7

62

Ioannis Iatrakis

Nuclear Physics & RKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
The Chern-Simons diffusion rate in improved Holographic QCD

Feb. 1463

Stefan Meinel (MIT)High-Energy Physics & RKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Hadron structure calculations in lattice QCD: from flavor physics to the proton radius

Feb. 1964

Mike Creutz (BNL)

High-Energy Physics & RKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Chiral symmetry and lattice fermionsFeb. 2165

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

Muon Site Estimations by Computational Methods (USM/Malaysia)

Feb. 25

66

Aaron Pierce(Univ. of Michigan)

Joint HET/RIKEN/YITP Seminar at BNL:
Exotic Top Partners and Little Higgs

Feb. 26

67

Daniel Pitonyak (RBRC)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
The transverse single-spin asymmetry "spin crisis" in proton-proton collisions

Feb. 27

68

Yi Yin(Univ. of Illinois at Chicago)

Nuclear Physics & RKEN Theory Seminar at BNL :Exploring Quark Gluon Plasma with Realistic Hydrodynamic Evolution

Feb. 28

69

Yuya Tanizaki (Univ. of Tokyo)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL :Functional renormalization group method for ultra cold fermionsMar. 6

70

Aian Dumitru (Baruch)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Azimuthal anisotropies in collisions of protons with a holographic shock wave

Mar. 7

71

Claudia Frugiuele (Fermilab)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL:
Dirac gauginos, R symmetry and the 125 GeV Higgs

Mar. 1272

Pedroo Jimenez-Delgado(Jefferson Lab.)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL :Delineating polarized and unpolarized parton distribution functions

Mar. 1473

Isao Watanabe (RNC)

Workshop on Muon Site Estimations (RAL/UK)

Mar. 1574

Matthew Sievert(Ohio State Univ.)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL :Sivers Function in the Quasi-Classical Approximation

Mar. 2075

Gokce Basar (Stony Brook)

Nuclear Physics & RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL :Resurgence theory in quantum mechanics and analytical continuation of path integrals

Mar. 2176

Yan-Qing Ma (BNL)

RIKEN Theory Seminar at BNL: QCD factorization and Parton Distribution Functions on LatticeMar. 27

77

Meifeng Lin (BNL)

High-Energy Physics & Theoretical Physics Seminar at BNL:
Nucleon structure on the lattice: Approaching the physical limit

Mar. 28

RIBF Research Division
1

Masaharu Okano (RNC)

環境放射線１００年を振返る
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1125

May 9

2

Andrei Andreyev(Univ. of York)

Shape coexistence and fission in the lead region studied by in-source laser spectroscopy at
RILIS-ISOLDE
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1179

May 27- 549 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)3

Masaomi Tanaka (NAO)

Optical observations of supernova explosions
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1166

May 31

4

Wataru Iwakiri (RNC)

Observational Study of Radiative Transfer under Strong Magnetic Fields on Neutron Stars
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1189

Jun. 12

5

Kumi Ishikawa (RNC)

Systematic Search for Solar Wind Charge Exchange X-Ray Emission from the Earth's
Exosphere with Suzaku
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1194

Jun. 19

6

Takayuki Kotani (NAO)

Search for extra-solar Earth-like planets around nearby M-type stars by Infrared Doppler
Instrument (IRD)
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1201

Jun. 26

7

Taro Matsuo (Kyoto Univ.)

Direct Imaging of Earth-like Exoplanets with Extremely Large Telescope
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1202

Jun. 26

8

Gregory Pang (LBL)

Direct Measurement of Superheavy Element Z & A at the Berkeley Gas-Filled Separator
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1210

Jul. 1

9

Yuri A Litvinov (GSI)

Precision experiments with stored exotic nuclides for nuclear structure and astrophysics
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1232

Jul. 10

10

Mikio Morii(MAXI team, RIKEN)

Discovery of an ignition of a nova on MAXI J0158-744
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1267

Aug. 29

11

Alexey P. Severyukhin (JINR)

Gamow-Teller transitions and a separable approximation for Skyrme interactions
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1272

Sep. 5

12

Dao Tien Khoa (Inst. for
Nuclear Sci. & Tech.)

Charge-exchange scattering to IAS and implication for the nuclear symmetry energy
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1290

Sep. 13

13

Shiu-Hang (Herman) Lee(Astrophysical Big Bang Lab.,RIKEN)

Unraveling the Many Facets of Supernova Remnants in High-energy and Their Link to Galactic
Cosmic Rays
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1318

Oct. 10

14

Habil. M.I.Faley(Peter Grünberg Inst.,
Forschungszentrum Jülich
GmbH)

Technology, properties and applications of graphoepitaxial high-Tc SQUIDs
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1328

Oct. 29

15

Lucio Rossi (CERN)

Advanced technology at the LHC of CERN: Higgs boson and more
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1343

Nov. 19

16

Jiancheng Yang (IMP, CAS)

Introduction to HIAF project (High-Intensity Heavy Ion Accelerator Facility-HIAF)
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1377

Dec. 16

17

Sudip Bhattacharyya(Tata Inst. of Fundamental
Research)

Burst oscillations from neutron star LMXBs
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1376

Dec. 19

18

Fabio Acero (NASA / GSFC)

From GeV to TeV: a SNR overview
http://indico2.riken.jp/indico/conferenceDisplay.py?confId=1401

Jan. 16

CNS
1

Shinya Wanajo (NAO)

重元素の起源:超新星爆発 vs. 中性子星合体

July 23

2

Haozhao Liang (RNC)

Nuclear charge-exchange excitations in covariant density functional theory

Oct. 313

Toshiyuki Sumikama(Tohoku Univ.)

中性子過剰 Zr および Mo 同位体の質量数 110 近傍での形状変化

Nov. 7

4

Jirina Stone(Univ. of Oxford / Univ. ofTennessee-Knoxville)

Neutron Rich Matter in Stellar Processes

Nov. 225

Bruce R. Barrett(Univ. of Arizona, Tucson)

The No Core Shell Model within an Effective Field Theory framework

Nov. 27

6

Michio Kohno(Kyushu Dental Univ.),

カイラル有効理論の 3 体力に基づく核子多体系の微視的理解

Nov. 28- 550 -

X. LIST OF SEMINARS

7

Kosuke Nomura (GANIL)RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

Interacting boson model and nuclear mean field

Dec. 26

Niigata Univ.
1

Fumiharu Kobayashi(Kyoto Univ.)

軽い原子核におけるダイニュートロン相関の系統的研究

Apr. 18

2

Yusuke Tanimura(Tohoku Univ.)

Application of the inverse Hamiltonian method to relativistic point coupling model
calculations on 3D meshJun. 4

3

Jinniu Hu (Peking Univ.)

The relativistic Brueckner-Hartree-Fock theory for finite nuclei system

Aug. 26

4

Kazuyuki Ogata (RCNP)

核子系非束縛状態の存在形態と崩壊様式に対する動力学的研究

Oct. 115

Toshitaka Tatsumi(Kyoto Univ.)

高温・高密度クォーク物質での非一様カイラル相

Oct. 22KEK
not held in FY2013- 551 -RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXAUTHOR INDEX
ABE
TomokoA

xxii, xxiii, 206, 208, 209,

BHANG Hyoung-Chan
BEDNARCZYK
Piotr

ABDEL JAWAD Majed

阿部知子

210,
257211, 212, 213, 214,

BLUM
ThomasBEER
GeorgeABE Tomoko

282,216,
283, 285,
286,
287, 288,
289,
215,
217,
218,
219,
290, 291, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296,
220,
221
297, 298, 299, 300, 301

BELLO
GARROTE Frank
LeonelBLUMENFELD
YorickADACHIABE YasushiTatsuya

ACHOURI N.Toshimitsu
Lynda
AIHARA
ADACHI Tadashi

AIKAWA Masayuki
AISO
HirokoADARE Andrew

AKASAKAADIPERDANA Kentaro
Budi

BLACKMON Jeff40, 210

AIHARA Toshimitsu
AKIBA
Yasuyuki

秋葉康之 309
xiv, 56, 154, 155, 156,

AKIMITSU Jun
ANDO
HirotoAKIMOTO Ryohji

AOI
Nori
AOI Nori

iii, 5, 6, ix,
16,
239,
243,
xiv,17,
xvii,18,xxi, 6,
10, 11,
15, 18,

青井考

AOKI Kazuya
AOKI Yasumichi
AONO Ryuji

青木和也
青木慎也

AOKI
Yasumichi
ARAI Fumiya

AONUMA
ARAI ShigeakiWataru
ARAI Yasuo
ARAI
Koji

新井好司

ARAKI Yasufumi
ARAKI
Hideki21

荒木秀樹

ARAMAKI Yoki

ARAMAKI Yoki

荒巻陽紀

ARIGA Hiroko

ASANO
Hidemitsu
ASAHI Koichiro

AVOGADRO
Paolo
AUTHELET Gilles
BABA
Hidetada
AVIGO Riccardo

114, 119217203, 206
148,

AZAIEZ Faical

262

CREUTZ Michael

BEER
GeorgeBAZIN DanielP.

198, 199

BENTZ
BEAUMELWolfgang
Didier
BERG Georg

76

120
32

iii, 523, 24, 187, 188xvii, 84
44

CHEN Alen

DANTSUKA
CHEN
Chin-Hao Tomoyuki
CHEN
Riu-JiDE FRANCE
Gilles

段塚知志
76, 81, 228 106, 234, 236

xxi 14, 15
vi, 13,CHERUBINI
SilvioDE SEREVILLE
NicolasCHIBA Ayuko

CHIBA Yoshiaki

DEGUCHI Shigeki

出口茂樹
6, 17
148

CHIKAMORI
DEMICHIMasatoshi
Kimihiko194
出道仁彦

CHOI Seonho

DEVI Vidya

CHUJO Tatsuya

DING Lei

23, 25, 28, 42

48

100

154, 155, 156,65157, 159

DINH DANG
NguyenCINQUEGRANI
David
COLO
Gianluca
DONE
Robert42,161,43164

183, 184 53

CORSI
Anna
DOORNENBAL
Pieter
CRAWFORD Heather

DOSHITA Norihiro

81

CRESPI Fabiovi, 48CRESPI Fabio Celso Luigi

DOWN Richard

DRAPIER Oliver-i-

iii,xiv,x,218
5, 243, 245
34

堂下典弘 167
36

183, 184xvi, 8

DOZONO Masanori

-i-

16

62, 162
154, 155, 156, 157

CIEMALA Michal

iv

70

17, 18xx, 5, 9, 13

CHINQUEGRANIDavidDESHPANDE
Abhayxiv, xx, xxi, 19, 20, 21, 23, 189vi, vii, viii, 48

9

DELAUNAY
CHIGA
Nobuyuki Franck81, 82, 83, 84

42,
1845

DEAVEN Jenna M.

CHIBA Masaki

263
55, 154,
155, 156, 157

18

BAUMGART Stephen

xvi, 25, 45

9

CRAWFORD Heather

xviii, 16, 19, 21, 185

BEAUMEL Didier

BATHE Stefan

25

xiv, 154,
155, 157
23, 2576

CHEBOTARYOV Sergeyiii,
8,36 ix, v, vi, x, 5, 6, 7, 8,

iii, vi, 5, 124
9, 13, 14, 15

8, 36

CHBIHI Abdou

218

BAO Ling
BAZIN
Daniel P.

vi, 7, 46, 48

CHÂTEAU
Frédéric Dagoberto xiv
CONTRERAS
198, 199vi, vii, viii, ix, xiv, xvi, xvii, xix,
BAKULE Pavel 181, 182, 198,xx, xxi,199
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34,
BANBA Kenta 伴場健太 146
35, 36, 46, 47, 48, 178, 181, 182,
BARTHELEMY Ramon 6 183, 185, 232, 235, 236
BAKULE Pavel Stephen
BAUMGART

17

CHAICHIAN
Masud L.
COLE Arthur

162

243, 245

BATHE
Stefan 155, 157
BABA Tatsuo

CHOI Seonho

CLOET
CHAE
KyungIan
Yuk

75

117, 120, 133, 136, 174,

BABA Hidetada

56

CIANCIOLO Vince

133
195

xiv

12,
53 13, 14, 15, 117, 120

9千葉順成 5,viii

ČELIKOVIĊ
Igor
CHIU Mickey

CHAE Hyun Woo

38
12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18,

B

72

千葉鮎子

CHA Soo Mi

231

115

CHERMAN Aleksey

CERUTI Simone

xix, 26, 29, 30

馬場秀忠

54, 154,155,
5, 9,
13 156, 157

97

CARROLLCHIBARobert
Jyunsei

265

xiv, 218

39

CHEN Size

CHIBA
CAO
Ligang Ayuko

xxi, 19, 21

AUSTIN Sam M. 9xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,vi, 13, 14,1536, 46, 47
12, 13,97

CALVET Denis

254

81, 82,253
83, 84, 228, 229, 230
足利裕人xxv, 171,18

AUMANN ThomasC

157,
xi, xxii,
41, 159
213, 214ASANO Hidemitsu
ASHIKAGA
Hiroto
AUDIRAC Laurent

CHEN Ruofu

浅野秀光
xiv,
154,
37, 39,194,
240 155, 156,

ASAI Masato
ASSIÉ Mariène
ASSIE
Marlene

BUCHOFF Michael

16

248

青木保道 203,
79,204,81205, 207, 210, 211
青沼航

233

BRYSLAWSKYJ
Jason4, 7, 8, 18,81,
82, 83,84, 228
CHEN Ruijiu
243,
245

164

85

81, 94, 228

17

CHEN
Chin-Hao
BRUCE
AlisonM.

27, 28, 34, 35

245

114
7, 46

190

CELIKOVIC Igor

xxv, 81, 82, 83, 84

安藤嘉章

AOKI DaiCAO Z.X

BROWNE Frank7, 46

xiv, xxi

9

BRINKMANN Kai-Thomas

249
168

ANDO Yoshiaki

5, iiiBOYLE
CAOKieranGuanghan158,
159
xxv,157,
xxvi, 81,
82, 83,84, 228, 229,
230
天谷達哉 140, 143

安藤潤人

218

CAESAR Christoph
BOUTACHKOV
Plamen秋元亮二307xiv, 154, 155, 156,

AMAGAI Tatsuya

AOKI Sinya

CACERESLucia
BOISSINOT
Simon

307

AKIBA Yasuyuki

AMATO AlexCABANOS Cerrone

BLUM Thomas

157, 159

AKIMOTO
RyohjiAKASHIO Atsuko

8, 36
155,
157

BRYSLAWSKYJ Jason

69, 70, 71, 72, 73

AISO Hiroko

7, 46

BLAZHEV Andrey

167

4, 168241
赤塩敦子iv, 3,226,

AIKAWA Masayuki

178

9

BLASI Nives

226
82, 83, 84

AHN Deuk Soon
AKASHIO
Atsuko

23

159

BLANK
Bertram
BROWN
B. Alex

48

赤坂健太郎
248

7, 8, 18

BOYLE Christopher
Kieran xiv, 61, 62,
BIDINOSTI
194 154, 155, 156, 157,

247, 248

相磯弘子

7,xvii,
8 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11, 36
xvi, 6, 8, 36

BOISSINOT Simon

BEZBAKH Andrei A.

xxii16

合川正幸

263

xiv, 154,105
155, 157

BOBREK Miljko

BENZONI Giovanna

xix, 26,xviii,
29, 30 100, 223, 224
藍原利光

ADACHI
Satoshi相井城太郎
AII
Jotaro
ADACHI Yoshitaka

BENTZ Wolfgang

足立竜也 39,xx,
143,
199,140,
200, 201,
202,144239

1735

80, 81

堂園昌伯

v, 10, 136, 137, 138xiv, 154, 155, 157

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXFUJIMURA Takumi

239

DAIDO Rie

xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 36

FUJINAWA Tadashi

199, 203, 306, 311

DANTSUKA Tomoyuki

145, 311, 312, 314

FUJIOKA Hiroyuki

233

DAUGAS Jean-Michel

3, 4, 39

FUJIOKA Tadashi

295

DAVIES Paul

12

FUJITA Kunihiro

xi, xxii, 22

DE ANGELIS Giacomo

8, 36

FUJITA Shin307

DE FRANCE Gillesvi, 7, 46, 48

FUJITA Tomomi

37, 39, 212, 240

xxi

FUJIWARA Yuya

263

DEGUCHI Shigeki

27

FUKASAKU Kazuaki

281

DELATTRE Marie-Coralie

8, 36

FUKUDA Hiroyuki

307

DELAUNAY Franck

xix, xxi, 26, 29, 30

FUKUDA Mitsunori

170, 239

DELBART Alain

xiv, 218FUKUDA Naoki

DESHPANDE Abhay

95

DEVI Vidya

69

DHARMAWAN Irwan Ary

248

iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, xvi, xvii, xix,
xx, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21,
22, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 47, 48, 165,
166, 168, 170, 172, 185, 189, 208

DI PIETRO Alessia

45

FUKUDA Shigekazu

281

DIDIERJEAN Francois

3, 4, 5, 9

FUKUDA Yoshiki

273

DING Lei

81

FUKUNAGA Taku

20, 189

DINH DANG Nguyen

65, 66FUKUNISHI Nobuhisa

DION Alan82, 83, 84

DOBACZEWSKI Jacek

59

144, 146, 147, 150, 151, 153, 154,
155, 156, 157, 158, 281, 298, 299,
300, 309, 311

DOI Takumi

113

FUKUYAMA Takeshi

194

DOMBRADI Zsolt

8, 35, 36

FUKUZAWA Seiji

150, 311

DOORNENBAL Pieter

ix, xiv, xvi, xvii, xix, xx, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 26, 29, 30, 34,
35, 36, 46, 47, 218

FULOP Zsolt

35

FURUKAWA Takahiro

242

FURUKAWA Takeshi

37, 39, 194, 212, 240

FURUNO Tatsuya

xviii, 16

FURUTA Takuya

281

FURUTA Yujin

40

FURUTACHI Naoya

69

FURUTAKA Kazuyoshi

38

FUWA Yasuhiro

160, 161, 162, 164

D

DE SEREVILLE Nicolas

DOZONO Masanorixviii, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
185, 189, 220

DUMITRU Adrian108

DUY Nguyen Ngoc

43

E
EBARA Yuta

37, 240EBATA Shuichiro69, 70, 71, 73

EBESU Shoichiro

31

EBINA Masumi

294

ELSON Jon178

EN’YO Hideto

237

ENDO Natsumi

28

ENOKIZONO Akitomo

81, 195, 197, 198

ENOTO Teruaki

xxviiiESTEE Justin

32

ESTRADE Alfredo

12

ESUMI Shin-Ichi

81

G

F
FAESTERMANN Thomas7, 46

FANG Deqing

36

FANG Yifanxvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,46

FIGUERA Pierpaolo

45

FOMICHEV Andrey Sergeevich

23

FRANCHOO Serge

xxi

FRIEDRICH Stefan

233

FUJIHALA Masayoshi

xxx, 252

FUJII Toshihikovi, vii, viii, 19, 20, 21, 22, 48, 185,
189

FUJIKAWA Kazuo

120, 121, 122

FUJIMAKI Masaki

147, 154, 155, 156, 309, 311- ii -

G. SARANTITES Demetrios

32

G. SOBOTKA Lee

32

GAL Ciprian95

GALINDO-URIBARRI Alfredo

20, 32, 189

GAN Zaiguo

xi

GANGNANT Patrice

xxi

GEBAUER Uwe

14

GEISSEL Hans

xi, 233

GERNHÄUSER Roman

xvi, 7, 46

GEY Guillaumexvi, xvii, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 47

GHELLER Jean-Marc

218

GIBELIN Julien

xix, xx, xxi, 26, 27, 29, 30

GIGANON Arnaud

xiv

GILLIBERT Alain

xiv

GIORDANO Francesca

96

GO Shintarovi, vii, viii, ix, xvii, 10, 11, 19, 21,
35, 38, 48, 185

GOEL Namita

7, 46

GOLOVKOV Michail Sergeevich

23

GOMI Tomoko

28

GORSHKOV Vladmir Alexandrovich

23

GORSKA Magdalena

7, 46

GOTANDA Shuhei

xviii, 18

GOTO Akira

155

GOTO Naoya

269, 275

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXGOTO Shin-ichi

213, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 275

HIMENO Ryutaro

281

GOTO Takayuki

250

HINATSU Yukio

251

GOTO Yuji

86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 97

HIRABAYASHI Kazuhiro

244

GOTTARDO Andrea

6, 8, 36HIRANO Tomonari

GROSSE-PERDEKAMP Matthias

96282, 286, 290, 295, 296, 297, 299,300

GULINO Marisa

45

HIRAYAMA Yoshikazu

219, 241

GUNJI Taku

98, 101, 231

HIROI Masahiko253

GUO Chenlei

xviii

HISAMATSU Toru253

GUO Hanjie

247, 250, 251, 255, 256

HJORTH-JENSEN Morten

64

GWAK Min Sik

25, 45

HOFFMAN Calem34

HOFMANN Sigurd

xi

HOLMESTAD Randi

xxix

xi, xxii, xxiii, 213, 265, 266, 267,
268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 274,
275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 305

HONG Byungsik

32

HONMA Michio

ix, 64

HORIOKA Kazuhiko161

HACHIYA Takashi

xxv, 81, 82, 83, 84, 228, 229, 230

HORIUCHI Satoshi

81

HAGINO Kouichi

54

HOSHINO Tomoya

80

HAHN Kevin Insik

25

HOSOMI Kenji233

HAMAGAKI Hideki

98, 101, 231

HOUARNER Charles

xxi

HAMANAKA Makoto

150, 156, 311

HU Jun43, 44

HAMMACHE Fairouz

xxi, 19, 21

HUANG Minghui

HAN Se Young

25

xi, xxii, xxiii, 213, 265, 270, 272,
273, 276

HANZAWA Eiko291

HUGHES Richard

34

HARADA Hideo

38

HUYSE Mark219

HARADA Masashi260

HWANG Jongwon

vii, viii, xix, xx, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30

HARAGUCHI Yuji

xiii

HWANG Sanghoon

20, 189

HASEBE Hirooxi, 144, 145, 146, 147, 309, 311

HASHIGUCHI Satoshi

307

I

HASHIMOTO Kimiaki

86

ICHIHARA Takashi

185, 235, 236, 237

HASHIMOTO Koji

128, 129ICHIKAWA Shinichi

xiii

HASHIMOTO Takashi

16, 18, 35, 42, 43, 44, 45

ICHIKAWA Yudai

31

HASHIMOTO Yoshiko28

ICHIKAWA Yuichi

15, 37, 39, 194, 240

HATAKEYAMA Atsushi

37, 240ICHIMURA Munetake

22

HATSUKAWA Yuichi

38

ICHINKHORLOO Dagvadorj

69

HATTORI Masahira

301

ICHINOSE Katsunori

287, 288, 289, 299

HAYAKAWA Seiya

42, 45IDEGUCHI Eiji

HAYANO Ryugo

233

vi, vii, viii, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10,
11, 19, 21, 34, 35, 38, 48

HAYASAKA Miki37, 39, 212, 240

IEKI Kazuo

HAYASHI Kazunori

273

vi, vii, viii, 31, 35, 48, 180, 181,
184

HAYASHI Shinichi

101

IGARASHI Kimie

307

HAYASHI Tatuya

244

IGARASHI Suguru

249

HAYASHI Yoriko

287, 288, 289, 291, 293, 296, 298,
299, 300

IGARASHI Yoichi

233

IGUCHI Tetsuo

40

HAZAMA Hitoshi

312, 313, 314

IGURI Takeru

88, 89, 90, 91, 92

HE Jianjun

44

IIDA Kei

62

HELIBORN Lauren

32

IIDA Takashi

244

HEMMI Masatake

155

IIMORI Yuki

127

HENDERSON Jack

12

IIMURA Hideki

208, 209, 210, 211

HERSHCOVITCH Ady145

IIZUKA Satomi

307

HIDAKA Yoshimasa

111

IKEDA Shunsuke

161, 162, 164

HIGAHSHITANI Atsushi

291

IKEDA Tokihiro

282, 290

HIGAMI Naota

244

IKEDA Yoshimasa

79, 237HIGASHIYAMA Koji

63

IKEDA Yuuki

31

HIGUCHI Yuki

259, 260

IKEGAMI Kumio

145, 314

HIGURASHI Yoshihidexii, 142, 143, 309, 311

IKEZAWA Eiji

146, 152, 159, 306, 309, 311

HIGURASHI-HIRUNUMA Rieko

307

ILIEVA Stoyanka

7, 46

HIKOTA Eri

194

IMAI Nobuakixxi, 24, 219, 241

HILLIER Adrian254

IMAJO Sohei

31

IMAMURA Kei

37, 39, 212, 239, 240

H
HABA Hiromitsu- iii -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXKAMIGAITO Osamu

141, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150,
153, 155, 309, 311

KAMISHO Yasuto

239

iv, v, vi, vii, viii, xvi, xvii, xix, 3, 4,
5, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 29,
30, 32, 47, 48, 165, 166, 167, 168,
170, 172, 185, 208

KANAI Yasuyuki

243

KANAYA Jumpei

xi, xxii, xxiii, 213, 265, 267, 270,
272, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 305

INABE Takuya

247

KANAYA Yoshihisa

xviii, 18

INAMORI Satoru

153

KANDA Sohtaro

263, 264

INO Takashi

194

KANEKO Kenta

309

INOUE Takeshi

194

KANESUE Takeshi

160, 161, 162, 164

IRVINE Dan

44

KANKE Yuuki

232

ISHIBASHI Yoko

37, 39, 239

KANNO Daiki

xix, 26, 29, 30

ISHIDA Katsuhiko261, 262, 263, 303

KANNO Koki

226

ISHIGAKI Tomoki

3, 4

KASAHARA Makoto

300

ISHIHARA Masayasu

27, 28KASAMATSU Yoshitaka

xxiii, 272, 274

ISHII Kotaro

287, 288, 289, 290

KASE Masayuki

ISHII Yasuyuki

253, 257

144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 150, 152,
153, 155, 159, 199, 306, 309, 310,
311, 314

ISHIKAWA Kenichi

281

KASHIWA Kouji

103, 116

ISHIKAWA Shigeru

150, 311

KATAYAMA Ichirou

203, 204, 205, 208, 210, 211

ISHIKAWA Tomomi

119

KATAYAMA Kazuya

250

ISHIYAMA Hironobu

219, 241

KATAYAMA Toshiyuki

70

ISOBE Tadaaki

xvi, xvii, xix, xx, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 23, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32,
33, 36, 46, 47, 176, 180, 181, 182,
183, 184, 232

KATO Hiroshi

xxviii

KATO Kiyoshi

69, 70, 72, 73

KATO Minoru

306

KATO Reizo

257

KATO Seigo

42, 43

KATORI Kenjixi

KATSUDA Satoru

137

KAWABATA Takahiro

xviii, xx, 15, 16, 18, 19, 21, 185

KAWADA Yosuke

xxi, 27

KAWAHARA Tomomi

15, 20, 24, 187, 188, 189, 190

KAWAHARADA Madoka

xxviii

KAWAI Hideyuki

263

KAWAI Shoko

28

KAWAMA Daisuke

222

KAWAMATA Takayuki

247, 248

KAWAMURA Noritoshi

263

KAWANO Shigeyuki

300, 301

KAWASAKI Ikuto

249, 250, 251, 254, 255, 256, 258,
259

KAWASE Shoichiro

14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 189

KAWASHIMA Kenji

249

KAZAMA Yuri

291

KAZAMA Yusuke

286, 290, 292, 294, 301

KELLY Christopher

117

KHAN Elias

53

KHANDAKER Mayeen Uddin

267, 268

KHIEM Le Hongxxi, 43

KIDERA Masanorixii, 142, 143, 311

KIKUCHI Yosuke

22, 185KIKUNAGA Hidetoshi

xxiii, 213, 272, 273, 278

KIKUTANI Yuki

xxiii

KIM Aram

25, 43

KIM Chong88, 89, 90, 91, 92

KIM Da Hee

25

KIM Eun Joo

42

KIM Eunhee

23

KIM Gi Dongxvi, 6, 7, 46

IMAO Hiroshi

144, 145, 146, 147, 309, 311

IMAZU Yoshimitsu

88, 89, 90, 91, 92

INABA Seiki

239

INABE Naohito

ITAHASHI Kenta233

ITO Yuta

37, 43, 203, 204, 205, 207, 210,
211, 213

ITOH Keisuke

15

ITOH Masahiko19, 21ITOH Masatoshi

xx, 15, 220

IWASA Naohito

vi, vii, viii, 42, 43, 45, 48

IWASAKI Masahikox, 233, 263

IWASHITA Yoshihisa

162

IWATA Kenichi

xxviiiIZUBUCHI Taku

114, 119IZUMI Masako

282, 283, 284

IZUMIKAWA Takuji

239

J
JENKINS David

12JEONG Sunchan

219, 241

JHANG Genie32, 33, 183

JIN Qianyu

161

JUNG Chulwoo

114

JUNG Hyo Soon

xvi, 3, 4, 42, 44

JUNGCLAUS Andrea

xvi, 7, 46, 47

K
KAGAWA Akinori

191, 192, 193

KAGEYAMA Tadashi

xii, 311

KAHL Daid25, 42, 43, 44, 45, 171

KAJI Daiya

xi, xxii, xxiii, 41, 213, 214, 215

KAMBARA Tadashi

171, 216, 217, 243, 245, 305

KAMBE Ryosuke

239

KAMEDA Daisuke

iv, v, vi, vii, viii, xvi, xvii, xix, 3, 4,
5, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 29,
30, 32, 47, 48, 165, 166, 168, 170,
172, 185, 189- iv -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXKONDO Yosuke

xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 15, 19, 21, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 37, 179

KORSHENINNIKOV Alexei A.

23

KOSTER John

81

KOTAKA Yasuteru

150, 311

KOURA Hiroyuki

62

KOWALSKA Magdalena

7

KOYAMA Katsuji

137

KOYAMA Ryo

150, 154, 155, 156, 311

KOYAMA Takumi

275KRÜCKEN Reiner

7, 46

KRUPKO Sergey Anatolievich

23

KUBO Toshiyuki

iv, v, vi, vii, viii, xvi, xvii, xix, xxi,
3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22,
26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 47, 48, 165,
166, 167, 168, 169, 170, 172, 173,
174, 175, 185, 208, 313

KUBOKI Hironori

15, 144, 145, 146, 147, 309, 311

KUBONO Shigeru

12, 23, 42, 43, 44, 45, 171

KUBOTA Yuki

xiv, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
177, 185, 189, 218, 220

KUBOYAMA Satoshi

245

KUDO Hisaaki

xxiii, 265, 266, 269, 270, 271, 275

KUDOU Yuki

xxiii, 274

KUDRYAVTSEV Yuri

219

KUMAGAI Keiko

150, 151, 199, 202, 311

KUMAKI Masafumi

161, 162, 164

KUMAR Pabitra

248

KURATA-NISHIMURA Mizuki

xiv, xx, xxi, 19, 21, 23, 32, 37,
176, 218

xvii, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 38,
185, 189, 220

KURITA Kazuhiro

81

KOBAYASHI Nobuyuki

xix, xx, xxi, 26, 27, 29, 30, 34

KURITA Kazuyoshi

xiii, 197, 198

KOBAYASHI Noriaki

96

KUROKAWA Meikovi, vii, viii, 23, 48, 178

KOBAYASHI Riki

255

KUROSAWA Makixxv, 81, 82, 83, 84, 228, 229, 230

KOBAYASHI Tohru

37, 212, 240

KURZ Nikolaus

xvi, 5, 6, 7, 9, 46

KOBAYASHI Tomohiro

282

KUSAKA Kensuke

KOBAYASHI Toshio

xix, xx, 26, 28, 29, 30, 174, 175iv, vi, vii, viii, xx, 20, 48, 159,
167, 168, 169, 173, 189, 203, 208,
218, 313

KOBAYASHI Yasushi

298

KUTI Istvan

xvii, 8, 10, 11, 36

KOBAYASHI Yoshihiko

56

KUZMIN Evgeny Anatolevich

xxi, 23

KOBAYASHI Yoshio

239

KWON Young Kwan

xvi, 3, 4, 42, 43

KOBAYASHI-KOMIYAMA Misaki

199

KOBLESKY Theodore

82, 83, 84

L

KOGURE Sachiko

287, 288, 289

LA COGNATA Marco45

KOHAMA Akihisa

62, 72, 73

LAHONDE-HAMDOUN Caroline

xiv

KOIKE Shigetoshi

244

LALKOVSKI Stefan

5, 9

KOIKE Yoji

247, 248

LANE Gregory

xvi

KOIZUMI Mitsuo

38

LAPOUX Valériexiv, xx, xxi

258

LATTUADA Marcello45

186, 188

LEBEDEB Alexandre

84

KOJIMA Shuichiro

39, 194, 240

LEBLOND Sylvain

xix, xx, 26, 29, 30

KOJOUHAROV Ivan

xvi, 5, 6, 7, 9, 46

LEBOEUF Didier

218

KOKUBUN Motohide

xxviii

LEE Cheong Soo

KOMATSU Yusuke

223

xiv, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 186,
189, 220

KOMATSUBARA Tetsuroxvii, 3, 4, 10, 11, 43, 45

LEE Chun Sik

42

KOMIYAMA Misaki

157, 158, 202, 309, 311

LEE Jenny

KOMORI Yukiko

xxiii, 272

ix, xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 16, 26, 29, 30,
32, 34, 35, 36

KON Kouichi

153

LEE Ju Hahn

42

KONDEV Philipxvi

LEE Pil Soo

25, 45LEE Woodo

263

KIM Go Woon

25

KIM Minjung

88, 89, 90, 91, 92

KIM Myoung Jin

42

KIM Sunjivii, viii, xix, 23, 26, 28, 29, 30

KIM Wooyoung

20, 189

KIM Yong Kyun

xvi, 6, 7, 42, 46

KIM Yoong Hee

42

KIM Yung Hee

23, 25, 43, 219, 241

KIMURA Atsushi

38

KIMURA Hajime

273

KIMURA Sota

219, 241

KIMURA Taro

123, 133

KINNO Shumpei

232

KISAMORI Keiichi

17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 38, 185,
189

KISHI Shota

39, 212, 240

KITAGAWA Masahiro

191, 192, 193

KITAGUCHI Takao

xxviii, 138

KITAMURA Ryo

263

KITATANI Fumito

38

KITAYAMA Masuhisa

28

KITAYAMA Yuta

273

KMIECIK Maria65

KNYAZEV Alexander G.

23

KOBA Keisuke

139

KOBAYASHI Hiroaki

258

KOBAYASHI Kazuma

xvii, 6, 10, 11

KOBAYASHI Kiyoshi

150, 159, 311

KOBAYASHI Kota

35

KOBAYASHI Motoki

KOJIMA Norimichi
KOJIMA Reiko-v-

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXMATSUSHITA Masafumi

ix, xiv, xvii, xx, 10, 11, 18, 31, 34,
35, 36

MATSUTA Kensaku

239

MATSUYANAGI Kenichi

60

MATSUZAKI Teiichiro

xxix

MATSUZAWA Hideyuki

180

MATTA Adrien

xxi

MAURER Joachimxi

MAZZOCCO Marco45

MCCLESKEY Mattew

178

MCCUMBER Michael81, 82, 83, 84

MCGLINCHEY Darren

82, 83, 84

MCINTOSH Alan32

MELON Barbara

8, 36

MENG Jie

49, 50, 61

218

MENGONI Daniele

8, 36

LORUSSO Giuseppe

xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 23, 36, 46, 47

METAG Volker

233

MIBE Tsutomu

263

LOZEVA Radomira

3, 4, 5, 9

MICHIMASA Shin’ichiro

LU Fei32

ix, xvii, 10, 11, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 34, 38, 185, 189

LUBOS Daniel

7, 12, 23, 46

MIHARA Mototsugu

239

LYNCH William

32, 183

MIKAMI Akihiko

312, 313

MIKI Kenjiro

14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 185, 220

MILJKO Bobrek

228

MILMAN Evgeniy

18, 23, 24, 187, 188

MINAKATA Ryogo

xix, xx, 26, 29, 30, 35

MINAMI Yuki

111

MINAMISONO Tadanori

239

MITEV Vladimir

124

MITSUYA Yousuke

37, 212, 240

MIURA Hiroshi

312, 313, 314

MIYA Hiroyuki

17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 189

MIYACHI Yoshiyuki

97

MIYAKE Yasuhiro

263

MIYAMOTO Takaya

195, 196, 198

MIYASAKA Shou97

MIYATAKE Hiroari219, 241MIYATAKE Hirokazu

194

MIYAZAKI Jyumpei

14

MIYAZAKI Takuya

8, 23, 36

MIZUNO Sanshiro

78

MIZUSAKI Takahiro

64

MIZUTA Eiichi

245

MIZUTANI Yuichiro

296

MODAMIO-HOYBJOR Victor

8, 36

LEHNER Christoph

119

LEITGAB Martin

96

LENZ Michael

228

LEVEDEV Alexander

81

LEWITOWICZ Marekvi, 7, 46, 48

LI Ang52

LI Kouang

34

LI Zhihuan

xvi, xvii, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 47

LIANG Haozhao

49, 50

LIAO Jinfeng

109

LIBIN Jean-Francois

xxi

LIN Meifeng

114

LIN Shu110

LIU Hongna

xx, 35, 36

LIU Ming

87

LOISEAU Denis

M
MA Longxi

MA Peng

44

MA YuexMÄCKEL Volkhard

282

MAEDA Eita

273

MAEDA Yukie

xviii, 14, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 189

MAEYAMA Takuya

281

MAIE Takeshi

145, 150, 159, 199, 203, 309, 311

MAJ Adam

65

MAKABE Akiko

139

MAKINAGA Ayano

69, 70, 71, 72, 73

MAKISHIMA Kazuo

xxviiiMÅNSSON Martin

259, 260

MARIOARA Calin

xxix

MARQUES F. Miguel

xix, 26, 29, 30

MARSHALL Glen

263

MASHIKO Takahiro

14

MASUBUCHI Shin-Ichi

257

MATEA Iolanda

38

MATEVOSYAN Hrayr

105

MATSUBA Hiroshi

244

MATSUBARA Hiroaki

19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 189

MATSUDA Kenji

xxix

MATSUDA Yasuyuki

263

MATSUDA Yohei

xviii, xx, 16, 28

MATSUHIRA Kazuyuki

251

MATSUI Keishiix, 8, 36

MATSUI Nobuaki

28

MATSUKAWA Kazuhito

239

MATSUMURA Masahiro

255, 256

MATSUO Masayuki

56, 57, 61

MATSUO Saki

195, 198

MATSUO Yukari37, 194, 212, 240- vi -

MOHAMED Azath218

MOHAMED-IBRAHIM Mohamed-Ismail

248

MOLS Jean-Philippexiv

MOMIYAMA Satoru

8, 36

MOMOTA Sadao

vi, vii, viii, 48, 239

MONNAI Akihiko

103

MONTANER-PIZA Anna

xvi

MOON Chang Bum

xvii, 3, 4, 10, 11, 42

MOON Jun Young

25, 42, 44, 45

MOON Taebong

82, 83, 84, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 228,
229, 230

MORALES Ana Isabel

8

MORI Koji

137

MORI Yoshiki

312, 313

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXMORIMOTO Kouji

xi, xxii, xxiii, 41, 213, 214, 215

NAKAO Aiko

39

MORIMOTO Shota

3, 4

NAKAO Taro15, 25, 44, 45, 171

MORINO Yuhei

227

NAKASHIMA Tomohiro

xix, 26, 29, 30

MORITA Kosuke

xi, xxii, xxiii, 213, 272

NAKATSUKA Noritsugu

xix, xx, 26, 29, 30, 32, 183

MORITA Ryouhei

287, 288, 289, 290, 294

NAKATSUKASA Takashi

49, 51, 59

MORITA Yasushi

193

NAKAYAMA Yoshiaki

15

MORITA Yusuke

239

NAKAZAWA Kazuhiro

xxviiiMORRISSEY David J.

vi, vii, viii, 48

NALPAS Laurent

xxi

MOSCHNER Kevinxvi, 7, 46

NANAO Tsubasa

194

MOTIZUKI Yuko

139

NANOVA Mariana

233

MOTOBAYASHI Tohru

ix, xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 23, 26, 27, 28,
29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 174, 175, 178

NAPOLI Daniel

8, 36

MOTOYAMA Hideaki

139

NAQVI Farheen

xvi

MUKAI Hiroki

307

NARIKIYO Yoshihiro

xi, xxii

MUKAI Kazuhiko

260

NAVIN Alahari

xix, xx, 26, 29, 30

MUKAI Momo

219, 241

NEGORO Makoto

191, 192, 193

MUNEMOTO Naoya

161, 164

NEIL Ethan

135

MURAI Daichi

iv, vi, vii, viii, xix, 3, 4, 26, 29, 30,
48, 168NIIKURA Megumi

xvi, xx, 3, 4, 8, 23, 36, 38

NIKOLSKII Evgenii

xx, xxi, 23

NISHI Seijiro

xix, 26, 29, 30

NISHI Takahiro

19, 21, 185, 233

NISHIBATA Hiroki

vi, vii, viii, xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9,
10, 11, 38, 48

NISHIDA Minoru

150, 152, 311

NISHIDA Shinsuke

193

NISHIHARA Kiyoshi

286

NISHIMURA Daikivi, vii, viii, ix, 35, 48, 170, 232,
239

NISHIMURA Katsuhiko

xxix

NISHIMURA Makoto

150, 311

NISHIMURA Shoichiro

263

NISHIMURA Shunjixvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 31, 32, 36, 37, 46, 47, 180,
232

MURAI Koji

292

MURAKAMI Hiroyuki

170, 178

MURAKAMI Masashi

xi, xxii, xxiii, 265, 266, 268, 269,
270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277

MURAKAMI Takeshi

178

MURAKAMI Tetsuya

xix, xx, 16, 26, 29, 30, 31, 32, 88,
89, 90, 91, 92, 183

MURAKAMI Yoichi

244

MURATA Jiro

31, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92

MURATA Masaki

128

MUSE John

261

MUTO Kotomi

xix, xx, 26, 29, 30

N
NAGAE Daisuke

39, 199, 200, 239

NISHIO Katsuhisa

xxii, xxiii

NAGAE Tomofumi

233

NISHIOKA Takashi

255, 256

NAGAI Kei

97

NISHIZUKA Ippei

xvii, 3, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 46

NAGAMINE Kanetada

261, 262

NITTA Minoru

31

NAGAMURA Yoshiaki

290

NIU Zhongming

49

NAGASE Makoto

150, 151, 309, 311

NODA Shigeho

281

NAGASHIMA Toru

88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 234

NOGUCHI Masato

313

NAGATOMO Takashi

239

NOJI Shumpei

21, 22, 185

NAGAYOSHI Sanetaka

297

NOJI Takashi

247

NAGUMO Junya

232

NOLEN Jerry A.

167

NAKABAYASHI Takumi

28

NORO Tetsuo

20, 189

NAKAGAWA Hitoshi

294

NOTO Hiroshi

70

NAKAGAWA Itaru

88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 234

NOTO Takuma

40, 210NAKAGAWA Takahidexii, 142, 143, 145, 309, 311

NOUICER Rachid

81, 82, 83, 84, 228

NAKAGOMI Hiroshi

77, 81, 82, 83, 84, 228, 229, 230

NOUMI Toshifumi

xxvii, 127, 134

NAKAI Wataru

225

NOZAKI Hiroshi

260

NAKAI Yoichi

31, 32, 139

NAKAJIMA Teruko

298

O

NAKAMURA Kouhei

xxiii

OBATA Shigeki

97

NAKAMURA Masato

310, 311, 314

OBERTELLI Alexandre

xiv, xxi, 20, 189, 218, 232

NAKAMURA Shoji

38

ODAHARA Atsuko

xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11

NAKAMURA Takashi

xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 15, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30, 179

ODASHIMA Hitoshi

240

NAKAMURA Takeshi

150, 156, 311

ODSUREN Myagmarjav

69

NAKANO Kazushiro

307

OGAWA Akio

96

NAKANO Kenichi

97

OGAWA Daisuke

295

OGAWA Takayo

190- vii -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXOGILVIE Craig

81

OZAWA Akira

199, 200, 201, 239

OGIWARA Kiyoshi

244, 282

OZEKI Kazutaka

xii, xxiii, 142, 143, 309, 311

OGLOBLIN Alexei A.

23

OGOSHI Shunxix, xx, 26, 29, 30

P

OGURA Masako

239

PAAR Nicu

53

OHBU Sumie

286

PADILLA-RODAL Elizabeth

20, 32, 189

OHIRA Yutaka

137

PANCAKE Charles

228, 229, 230

OHISHI Kazuki

253

PANT Amba

261, 262

OHKI Tomonori

309

PAPKA Paul

23

OHKODA Yohei

vi, 48PARK Jason

7, 46

OHNISHI Hiroakix

PARK Jun Sik

42

OHNISHI Jun-Ichi

xx, 142, 143, 199, 311

PARK Sanghwa

88, 89, 90, 91, 92

OHNISHI Tetsuya

iv, v, vi, vii, viii, xiii, 27, 165, 197,
235

PATEL Zenaxvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 13, 36, 46

OHNO Junichi

239

PÉRON Cédric

218

OHSHIMA Masaya

159, 312, 313, 314

PERREVOORT Ann-Kathrin

23, 182

OHTA Shigemi

114

PEYAUD Alan

xiv

OHTAKE Fumiaki

243

PISARSKI Robert

116

OHTAKE Masao

iv, vi, vii, viii, 48, 159, 168, 173,
313

PITONYAK Daniel106, 107

OHTOMO Yuichi

39, 194, 240

PODOLYAK Zsolt

xvi, 5, 9, 13

OHTSUBO Takashi

239

POLLACCO Emmanuel Cxiv, xxi, 183, 218

OISHI Yu

263

POMONI Elli124

OKA Takashi

129

POWELL William

23, 32, 183

OKADA Kunihiro

242

PRATT Francis

xxix, 257, 261, 262

OKADA Shinji

263

PRONO Gilles

xiv

OKADA Shunsuke

200, 239

PYON Sunseng

243

OKADA Yoshinori

244

OKAMOTO Sachiko

139

OKAMURA Masahiro

160, 161, 162, 164

OKANO Masaharu

xxviii

OKAWA Yuji

127

OKAYASU Tomomi

307

OKAZAWA Atsushi

258

OKODA Youhei

45

OKUMOTO Yutaka

288

OKUMURA Toshihumi

28

OKUNO Hiroki

144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 309, 310,
311, 312, 314

OLIN Art

263

ONG Hooi Jin

xviii, 16, 23, 28

ONISHI Takeo

28

OOE Kazuhiro

265, 269, 270, 271, 275

ORLANDI Riccardo

xvi, 8, 36

ORR Nigel A.

xix, 26, 27, 29, 30

OSHIMA Kenshiro

301

OTA Shinsuke

xiv, xviii, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
43, 185, 186, 189, 220, 232, 235

OTA Shuhei

301

OTSU Hideaki

xiv, xviii, xix, xx, xxi, 23, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 35, 72, 73, 174, 175,
176, 178, 218, 232

OTSUKA Takaharu

ix, 55, 64

OTUKA Naohiko69, 267, 268

OUTA Haruhiko233

OYAIZU Michihiro

219, 241OYAMADA Kazuyuki

149, 152, 309

OYAMATSU Kazuhiro

62

Q
QU Weiwei

xviii

QUANG HUNG Nguyen

66

R
RAJABALI Mustafa Moiz

7, 46

RAPISARDA Giuseppe

42

RASCO Charlie

178

REGAN Patrick H.

5, 9, 13REVIOL Walter

32

RICE Simon

xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
36, 46RINDEL Emanuelxxi

ROBERTS Oliver J.

5, 9, 13ROMANELLI Mark

161, 162

ROSIER Philipe

xxi

ROUSSÉ Jean-Yves218

ROWAN Zachary81

S- viii -SAASTAMOINEN Antti

178

SADA Yutax

SAGAWA Hiroyuki

22, 52, 53, 54

SAGAYAMA Tsubasa

39, 212, 240

SAHIN Edaxvii, 8, 10, 11, 36

SAIKAWA Ken’Ichi

134

SAILLANT Frederic

xxi

SAITO Hiroki

288

SAITO Naohito

263

SAITO Wataru

88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 234

SAITO Yuta

200, 239

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXSAKAGUCHI Harutaka

xviii, 16

SEKINE Megumi

161, 162, 163, 164

SAKAGUCHI Satoshi

xx, 14, 15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24,
187, 188, 189, 190

SERA Masafumi

255, 256

14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185,
303, 304SHAVER Axel

81

SHEN Shihang

50

SHERRILL Bradley M.

vi, vii, viii, 48

SHIBA Hideyuki

312, 313, 314

SHIBATA Junsho

150, 152, 159, 311

SHIBATA Seiichi

265, 276, 279, 305

SHIBATA Toshi-Aki

97

SHIGA Yoshiakiix, 23, 35, 36

SHIGAKI Kenta

99

SHIGEKAWA Yudai

272

SHIKATA Mizuki

179

SHIMA Tatsushi

220

SHIMAKURA Yuto

197

SHIMAMURA Tomoyuki

15

SHIMIZU Noritaka

55, 64SHIMIZU Yohei

iv, vi, vii, viii, xix, xx, 14, 15, 19,
21, 26, 29, 30, 47, 48, 166, 168,
170, 172, 173, 174, 175, 185

SHIMODA Tadashi

3, 4, 37, 212

SHIMOMURA Koichiro

261, 262, 263

SHIMOMURA Mayaxxv, 81, 82, 83, 84

SHIMOURA Susumu

17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28, 38, 185,
189, 235

SHIMOYAMA Hirotaka

57

SHINOHARA Atsushi

xxiii, 272, 274

SHINOHARA Mayuko

28

SHINOZAKI Shinichi

239

SHINOZUKA Tsutomu

37

SHINTANI Eigo

114

SHIRAI Hazuki

39, 194, 240

SHIRAI Koun

239

SHIRAI Yuichi

37

SHIRAKAWA Yuki

286

SHIRAKI Hidekazu

312

SHIRAKI Ichiro

261

SAKAI Hideyuki
SAKAI Ryutaro

xxiii

SAKAMOTO Hisao

307

SAKAMOTO Naruhiko14, 141, 148, 149, 152, 155, 309,
311

SAKAMOTO Yu

39, 194

SAKO Hiroyuki

81, 82, 83, 84, 228, 229, 230

SAKO Masami

31

SAKO Takayuki

xxi

SAKUMA Fuminorix

SAKURAI Hiroya

259

SAKURAI Hiroyoshi

ix, xiv, xvi, xviii, xx, xxi, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 23, 27, 28, 31, 32,
34, 35, 36, 46, 72, 73

SAMESHIMA Rei

31

SAMPSON Janet

32

SANCHEZ-BENITEZ Angelxxi

SANFTL Florian97

SANTAMARIA Clémentine

xiv, 218

SASAKI Shoichi

114

SASAMOTO Yoshiko

15, 21, 22, 185

SASANO Masaki

xiv, xx, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22,
177, 189, 218, 220, 232

SATO Daisuke

271

SATO Hiromi

iv, vi, vii, viii, xix, xx, 19, 21, 26,
29, 30, 47, 48, 168, 172, 173, 174,
175, 185

SATO Koichi

59

SATO Masaharu

x

SATO Ryosuke

134

SATO Susumu

81, 82, 83, 84, 228, 229, 230

SATO Tadashi

287, 289, 291

SATO Tomoya

39, 194, 240

SATO Yoichi

299, 300

SATO Yuki

168, 170

SHISHIDO Toetsu

244

SATOU Yoshiteru

vii, viii, xix, xx, 23, 26, 27, 28, 29,
30

SHITSUKAWA Naoki

292

SHIZUMA Toshiyuki

38

59

SHOWALTER Rachel

32

SAWADA Shin’Ya

97

SIDORCHUK Sergey Ivanovich

23

SAWAHATA Kazuki

200

SIGNORINI Cosimo

45

SAWANO Ikuo

298

SIMPSON Edward C.

27

SCARPACI Jean-Antoine

xxi

SIMPSON Gary S.

SCHAFFNER Henning

xvi, 5, 6, 7, 9, 46

vii, viii, xvi, xvii, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11,
47

SCHEIT Heiko34

SINCLAIR Laura

SCHMUDE Johannes

130, 131xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
36, 46SCHNEIDER Fabian

210

SIREGAR Rustam Effendi

248

SCHNELL Gunar

96

SLEPNEV Roman Stanislavovich

23

SCHROEDER Chris

115

SOBOTKA Lee

178

SCHUESSLER Hans

242

SOEDERSTROEM Paer-Anders

SCHULTZ Jerome

262

ix, xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 23, 36, 46, 47

SCHURY Peter12, 203, 204, 205, 207, 210

SOHLER Dora

8, 35, 36

SEELE Joseph

95

SONG Jeong Seog

43

SEIDL Ralf

86, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 96

SONI Amarjit

119

SEKIGUCHI Kimikoxx, 14, 15

SONNENSCHEIN Volker

40

SEKIGUCHI Yuko

231

SONODA Tetsu

37, 40, 203, 205, 207, 208, 209,
210, 211, 219

SATULA Wojciech- ix -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXSPITALERI Claudio

45

TAKEBAYASHI Akiko

244

STANKUS Paul228

TAKECHI Mayaxxi, 27, 34, 239

STEFAN Iulian

xxi

TAKEDA Hiroki

249

STEIGER Konrad

vi, xvi, 7, 46, 48

TAKEDA Hiroyuki

STEPANOV Mikhail

81

STEPANYAN Samvel

20, 189

STEPPENBECK Davidix, 34, 35

iv, v, vi, vii, viii, xvi, xvii, xix, 3, 4,
5, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21, 22, 26, 27,
29, 30, 32, 47, 48, 165, 166, 167,
168, 170, 172, 185, 189, 208

STOLZ Andreas

19, 21, 185

TAKEHISA Hinako

287

STRASSER Patrick

263

TAKEICHI Hiroshige

216, 217, 236

SU Jun44

TAKEKOSHI Mamoru

307

SUDA Kenji141, 148, 155, 309, 311

TAKETANI Atsushi

SUDA Toshimi

195, 196, 198

81, 82, 83, 84, 170, 182, 228, 229,
230

SUGAWARA Masahiko

38

TAKEUCHI Satoshi

SUGAWARA Takamasa

244

ix, xix, xx, xxi, 19, 21, 23, 26, 27,
28, 29, 30, 34, 35, 36, 235

SUGAWARA-TANABE Kazuko

58

TAKEYAMA Mirei

xi, xxii, 41, 213, 214

SUGI Chika

244

TAKI Masato

124, 125, 126

SUGIMOTO Takashi

28

TAMAE Tadaaki

195, 196, 198

SUGIYAMA Jun

259, 260

TAMAGAWA Toru

xxviii, 137

SULAIMAN Shukri

248

TAMAKI Katsutomo

296

SUMIKAMA Toshiyuki

ix, xvi, xvii, xx, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9,
10, 11, 12, 13, 27, 36, 46, 47

TAMAKI Mitsuru

28

TAMEGAI Tsuyoshi

243

TAMII Atsushi

16, 18, 19, 21, 35, 220

TAMURA Masashi

309

TAMURA Takashi

245

TANABE Kosai

58

TANAKA Hidekazu

250

TANAKA Junki

16

TANAKA Kana

27

TANAKA Kanenobu

iv, vi, vii, viii, 48, 169, 307

TANAKA Kengo

xi, xxii, 213, 215

TANAKA Mana

xvii, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11

TANAKA Masaomi

239

TANAKA Naoki

27

TANAKA Ryuki

xix, 26, 29, 30, 35

TANAKA Taikixi, xxii

TANAKA Yoshiki

233

TANG Ryan

14

TANG Tsz Leung20, 21, 22, 189, 190

TANIDA Hiroshi

255, 256TANIDA Kiyoshi

88, 89, 90, 91, 92

TANIGUCHI Takumi

273

TANIMURA Yusuke

54

TANIUCHI Ryo

ix, 8, 36

TANOKASHIRA Yuki

297

TAPROGGE Jan

xvi, xvii, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 36, 47

TARASOV Oleg B.

vi, vii, viii, 48

TATEISHI Kenichiro

24, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193

TERANISHI Takashi

24, 42, 43, 44, 45, 190

TERAOKA Tsuyoshi

298

TERASHIMA Satoru

xviii, 16

TEZUKA Yasuyuki

312, 313, 314

THIAMOVA Gabriellaxvi

THOMAS Anthony

105

TIAN Zhengyang

35

TIBURZI Brian

112, 115

TIMOFEYUK Natasha

xxi

TOGANO Yasuhiro

xix, xx, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 34, 42,
179

TOGASAKI Mamoru

xiii, 197

SUMITA Takayuki

xxiii, 82, 83, 84, 228, 229, 230

SUN Yelei

35

SUZAKI Fumi

199, 201SUZUKI Daisukexxi, 38SUZUKI Hiroshi

i, iv, v, vi, vii, viii, ix, xvi, xvii,
xix, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 11, 19, 20, 21,
26, 29, 30, 32, 47, 48, 165, 166,
167, 168, 170, 172, 185, 189, 208

SUZUKI Ken

233

SUZUKI Kensuke

247

SUZUKI Kunifumi

194

SUZUKI Norio313

SUZUKI Takahiro

37, 39, 194, 240

SUZUKI Takao

250, 253SUZUKI Takatoshi

233

SUZUKI Takeshi

200, 201, 239

SYRITSYN Sergey

115

T
TABATA Makoto

263

TADA Tsukasa

132

TAEN Toshihiro

243

TAGUCHI Takahiro

14

TAGUCHI Yoshimasa

232

TAHIRA Chikako

292

TAKADA Eiichi

xiv, 31, 232

TAKAGI Shu

281

TAKAHARA Manabu

294

TAKAHASHI Kazuya

139

TAKAHASHI Kento

xix, 14, 26, 29, 30

TAKAHASHI Koutaro

xxi

TAKAHASHI Tomonori

224

TAKAKI Motonobu

17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 189

TAKAMATSU Takahide

40, 210

TAKAMIZO Tadashi

294

TAKATSUKA Takaaki

40, 210

TAKAYANAGI Toshinobu

242

-x-

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)

AUTHOR INDEXTOGASHI Tomoaki

55

V

TOH Yosuke

38

VAJTA Zsolt

xvi, xvii, 8, 10, 11, 35, 36, 47

TOKAIRIN Hideo

287, 289

VALIENTE-DOBÓN José Javierix, 8, 36

TOKANAI Fuyuki

xi, 213

VAN DUPPEN Piet

219

TOKIEDA Hiroshi

xiv, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 186, 189

VAN HULSE Charlotte

96

TOKUDA Makotox

VANDEBROUCK Marine

xix, 26, 29, 30

TOM Harry

261

VERNEY David38

TOMITA Hideki

40, 210VOSSEN Anselm

96

TOMITA Masanori

284

VRETENAR Dario

53

TOMONO Dai

263

TOMURA Kanako

298

TORII Hisayuki

82, 83, 84, 98, 228, 229, 230

TORII Shingo

127

TORIKAI EikoTORRESI Domenico

W
WADA Michiharu

37, 40, 203, 204, 205, 206, 207,
208, 209, 210, 211, 219, 242

261, 262

WADA Satoshi

190

45

WADA Yasunori

14

TOSTEVIN Jeffrey A.

27

WADA Yasutakaxx

TOYOMURA Keigo

272, 274

WADSWORTH Robert

12

TOYOSHIMA Atsushi

xxiii, 273

WAKABAYASHI Yasuo

TRACHE Livius

178

xi, xxii, xxiii, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45,
213, 214

TREIBBLE Robert

178

WAKANA Taeko

289

TSANG Betty

32

WAKASA Tomotsugu

14, 20, 22, 189, 220

TSHOO Kyoungho

3, 4, 28

WAKASUGI Masanorixiii, 197, 199, 200, 201, 202, 208

TSUBAKIHARA Kohsuke

69, 70WAKESHIMA Makato

251

TSUCHIYA Harufumi

xxviii

WAKITANI Yuichiro

279, 305

TSUJI Tomoya

98

WAKUI Takashi

15, 20, 37, 188, 189, 190, 240

TSUKADA Kazuakixxiii, 273

WANG Heix, xxi, 34, 35, 36

TSUKADA Teruyo

284

WANG Hongwei

44

TSUKIORI Noritoshi

150, 311

WANG Shuo

195, 198

TSUMURA Mihoxviii, 16, 18, 19, 21, 185

WANG Xiaorong

87

TSUNEIZUMI Kazuhide

285

WANG Zhimin

7, 46

TSUNEMI Hiroshi

137

WASEM Joe115

TSUNODA Naofumi

55

WASHIO Masakazu

164

TSURU Teruaki

195, 198

WASHIYAMA Kouhei

67

TSURUMA Shizuho

314

WATANABE Daisuke

100, 232

TSUTO Shohei

265, 270

WATANABE Hiroshi

TUFF Adam Garry

xix, 26, 29, 30

xv, xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11, 12, 13, 36, 46, 47

TUREANU Anca

120

WATANABE Isaoxxx, 247, 248, 249, 250, 251, 252,
253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259,
260

WATANABE Shinichi

154

WATANABE Shu

152, 311

WATANABE Susumu

312, 313

WATANABE Tamaki

153, 155, 309, 311

WATANABE Yasushi

235, 236, 237

WATANABE Yuni

186, 233

WATANABE Yutaka

148, 150, 152, 159, 199, 219, 241,
309, 311

WEICK Helmut

233

WENDT Andreas

xvi

WENDT Klaus

40, 210WENNER Sigurd

xxix

WERNER Volker

5, 9, 12WIELAND Oliver

5, 8, 9, 36

WINKELBAUER Jack32

WINKLER Ryan

34

WOLLNIK Hermann

203, 204, 205, 207

WOLSKI Romanxxi

WON Eunil

263

U
UCHIDA Hiroyuki

137

UCHIYAMA Akito

143, 157, 158, 309, 310, 311

UEMOTO Ryuji

171

UENO Hideki

37, 39, 194, 212, 239, 240, 303,
304

UENO Kazuki

263

UENO Mariko293

UENO Shingo

273

UESAKA Tomohiro

xiv, xviii, 14, 15, 18, 19, 20, 21,
22, 24, 185, 186, 187, 188, 189,
190, 192, 199, 200, 201, 218, 220

UMEGAKI Izumi

259, 260

UNO Hiroyuki

171

URATA Yoshiharu

190

USHIO Kunihisa

45

USUKURA Takumi

181

UTSUNO Yutakaix, 55, 64

UWAMINO Yoshitomo307- xi -

RIKEN Accel. Prog. Rep. 47 (2014)
WU JinWYSOCKI Matthew

AUTHOR INDEX
xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 36, 46, 47

YEE Ho-Ung

104, 110

81, 228YENNELLO Sherry

32

YOKKAICHI Satoshi

221, 237

YOKOKITA Takuya

272, 274

YOKOYAMA Akihiko273

X
XU Shiwei

44

YOKOYAMA Koji

261, 263

XU Zheng

5

YOKOYAMA Rin

XU Zhengyu

xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11,
12, 36, 46, 47

vi, vii, viii, xvii, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 11,
19, 20, 21, 22, 35, 36, 38, 48, 185,
189

XU Zhuan251, 255, 256

YONEDA Akira

xi, xxii, xxiii

YONEDA Ken-Ichiroix, xiv, xix, xx, xxi, 23, 26, 27, 29,
30, 34, 35, 37, 173, 174, 175, 178,
303, 304

YONEYAMA Shuhei

198

YONEYAMA Shunpei

195

YOON Inseok

85, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92

YOSHIDA Atsushi

iv, xi, 154, 171, 216, 217, 243,305

YOSHIDA Kenichi

xxiv, 51YOSHIDA Koichi

iv, vi, vii, viii, 20, 22, 47, 48, 166,
168, 169, 170, 208, 235, 313

YOSHIDA Takamasa

184

YOSHIDA Tomomi

xi

YOSHIDA Toru

244

YOSHIMI Akihiro

39, 194YOSHINAGA Kenta

xvi, 31YOSHINAGA Naotaka

63

YOSHINOBU Toshiki

232

YU Haiwang

87

YU Lei16

YUASA Takayuki

xxviiiYUN Chong Cheoul

42

YUSA Akira

309

Y
YADOMI Kazuyoshi

150, 152, 311

YAGI Ayumi

xvi, xvii, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 38

YAGI Eiichi

244

YAGI Futoshi

124

YAKO Kentaro

14, 17, 19, 20, 21, 22, 185, 189

YALCINKAYA Mehtap

8, 36

YAMADA Kazunari

141, 148, 149, 155, 156, 201, 239,
309, 310, 311

YAMADA Mieko

289

YAMADA Shinya

xxviiiYAMADA Takahiro

279

YAMADA Taku

vii, viii, 42, 43

YAMAGAMI Masayuki

22, 60YAMAGUCHI Hidetoshi

25, 42, 43, 44, 45, 154, 171

YAMAGUCHI Masahide

xxvii, 134

YAMAGUCHI Takayuki

xi, 199, 200, 201, 239

YAMAGUCHI Yorito

xxvi

YAMAGUCHI Yoshitaka

199, 200, 201, 202

YAMAKAMI Hiroki

233

YAMAKI Sayaka

xi, xxii, 213

YAMAMOTO Kuniyoshi

312, 313

YAMAMOTO Shoya

xi, xxii

YAMAMOTO Takayuki

160

YAMAMOTO Tetsuya

6, 16, 35

YAMANAKA Masahito

296

YAMASAWA Hideyuki

199, 203

YAMAUCHI Hiromoto

309

YAMAUCHI Yoshiyuki

307

YAMAZAKI Takeshi

114

YAMAZAKI Tomokazu

301

YAMAZAKI Yasunori

282

YAMAZAWA Hideyuki

311

YAMAZAWA Hisayuki

306

YANAGISAWA Yoshiyuki

iv, vi, vii, viii, 19, 20, 21, 22, 28,
32, 48, 168, 169, 185, 199, 218

YANG Jiecheng

xviii

YANG Xiao Fei

212, 240

YANG Xiaofei

35, 37, 239

YANG Zaihong

35

YANO Satoshi

99

YANO Shinya

279

YANO Yasushige

145, 147, 199

YANOU Shinya

305

YASUDA Jumpei

20, 189, 220

YASUI Yasuo

293

YE Yanlin

35

Z- xii -ZARRELLA Andrew

32

ZEGERS Remco G.T.

185

ZENIHIRO Juzo

xiv, xviii, xx, 16, 18, 20, 35, 178,
189, 199, 201, 220

ZHANG Gaolong

xviii

ZHANG Guojiang

32

ZHANG Qix

ZHANG Shuangquan

50

ZHANG Ying

61

ZHAO Pengwei

50

ZHENG Xu-Guangxxx, 252ZHOU Xian Rong52

ZHU Yifan

232

RIKEN Accelerator Progress Report vol. 47
独立行政法人理化学研究所加速器年次報告
印
発

刷
行

第47巻 (2014)

平成 27 年（2015）2 月 22 日
平成 27 年（2015）2 月 27 日

発行者

独立行政法人理化学研究所
代表者

延〒351-0198

與秀人

埼玉県和光市広沢2番1号
progress@ribf.riken.jp

編集者

独立行政法人理化学研究所
加速器年次報告編集委員会

印刷所

松枝印刷株式会社〒303-0034

仁科加速器研究センター

仁科加速器研究センター

茨城県常総市水海道天満町2438