ALIS 4D
a Swedish complementary instrument for EISCAT 3D

Urban Brändström1 Asta Pellinen-Wannberg,2Maria Hamrin2 Johan Kero1 Tima Sergienko1
many more. . .
1 Swedish Institute of Space Physics (KAGO, STAR)
2 University of Umeå (Physics, EMG, ArcUm)

Swedish Space Plasma meeting, 2018

Swedish Institute of Space Physics
New organisation from 2018

I PAF + STP ⇒ STAR, Solar Terrestrial and AtmosphericResearch (Head: Johan Kero)I KGO ⇒ KAGO Kiruna Atmospheric and GeophysicalObservatory: Urban Brändström (head), Daria Mikhaylova,Lars-Göran Vanhainen and Uwe Raffalski
I Uwe Raffalski is responsible for atmospheric measurements

within KAGOI Ozone radiometer (KIMRA) became observatory instrument

2018.

KAGO Instruments
Kiruna Atmospheric and Geophysical Observatory
I Magnetometers, 1950–: IRF [Yamauchi]: Kiruna, Lycksele,Tormestorp;
SGU[Schwarz]: Abisko, Uppsala and operation of Lycksele
I Allsky cameras, 1956– [Brändström]: Kiruna, Abisko, Tjautjas
I Ionosondes, 1952– [Leyser]: Kiruna, Lycksele, Uppsala.
I Riometers, 1958– [Sergienko]: Kiruna, Lycksele
I Infrasound, 1973– [Kero]: (In observatory since 2015) (Kiruna,Jämtön, Lycksele, Sodankylä)
I Ozone radiometer (KIMRA), 2001– [Raffalski]: (In observatory since2018) (Kiruna)
I ALIS 4D [Brändström] (Observatory measurements from fall 2019)

Abisko, Kiruna, Silkkimuotka, Tjautjas
I (Weather station, ALIS, guest instruments, etc.)Near future

I ALIS 4D operational in fall 2019.
I New ionosondes in Uppsala (2019) and Lycksele (TBD)
I Upgrade Kiruna geomagnetic observatory to INTERMAGNET

1 s standard. New variometer (2019).

IRF MagnetokeogramEISCAT 3D science case
Infrastructures and geographical advantages

Do EISCAT 3D need optics?

I High-speed narrow-band imaging of aurora, RIOE, meteortrails, . . .
I Observatory modes (long-time monitoring)
I The string “optic” occurs 46 times in 122 pages
I Table 1 “EISCAT 3D radar performance requirements” p.

107–109: Optics required in 70 % (16 of 23) science topics .
Optical measurements are a requirement for EISCAT 3D!
new-moon periods are popular! (Gustavsson, present EISCAT)
There are many clear solid scientific objectives for opticalinstruments!

The need for optics: The science case
1(2)A Atmospheric Physics and Global Change p9–28: 2
A3 Solar-terrestrial effects on middle
atmosphere chemistry.
B Space and Plasma Physics p29–50: 11
B2 Plasma convection and multiscale
coupling
B4 Auroral dynamics and NEIALSB5 Structures and boundaries in theionosphere
B8 Ionosphere modelling
C Solar system research p51–57: 4
C2 Meteoroids
C3 Planets and asteroids

The need for optics: The science case2(2)D Space Weather and Service Applications p58–74: 2
D3 Space weather effects on thehigh-latitude. . .
D5 Modelling and forecasting of space
weather
E Radar Techniques, New Methods for Coding andAnalysis p75–85: 3
E3 Radar coding and data analysis
methods
References p86–106 6 (references) Gustavsson, Knudsen,Kosch(2) Pellinen-Wannberg, Rietveld
Appendix A 107–121: 16 Table 1 “EISCAT 3D radar performancerequirements” p. 107–109: Optics required in 70 %(16 of 23) science topics .

AILS 4D
A Swedish contribution to complementary instruments for EISCAT 3D
I High-time resolution (> 25 FPS)
I Continuous operation (observatory modes)
I Status

2016: (summer) Funding application (granted in November)
2017: Procurement procedures, four imagers delivered, optics
orderedI 2018: Optics delivery (April) Main development work. Tests infall.
I 2019: Continuous operations from fall. Ground support for
SPIDER2 rocket.
II

I Funded by Kempestiftelserna, Faculty of Science andTechnology at UmU and IRF.
I PIs Urban Brändström (IRF), Asta Pellinen-Wannberg (UmU)

ALIS 4D sites

ALIS/ALIS 4D
Comparision

FoVResTime
ModeALIS
4 CCD ≈ 60◦
1 EMCCD ≈ 30◦(1 EMCCD ≈ 15◦ )10242 ≈ 100m
2562 ≈ 500m
12 FPM
Campaign onlySort of an Àttje

ALIS 4D phase II
4 EMCCD ≈ 150◦
1 EMCCD ≈ 30◦(1 EMCCD ≈ 15◦ )10242 ≈ 750m
5122 ≈ 1.5km> 25 FPS
monitoring/campaign

ALIS/ALIS 4D
Available filters

λ [Å]
3950
4227
4340.54278
4861.3
5100
5577
5893
6230
6300
6562
6562.8
6750
8000
8446

∆λ [Å]
92
280
2550
2540
40200
4040
70
25200
1000
40LineCa, FeCa, Fe, H2 O, . . .
Hγ , Balmer seriesN+
2 1Neg.
Hβ , Balmer seriesO(1 S)
Na, . . .
O(1 D)
HαHα , Balmer series
N2 1POH MeinelO(3p3 P)

Remarks
Meteors
Meteors
Meteors
Aurora/Airglow
Meteors
Background
Aurora/Airglow
Meteors
Background
Aurora/Airglow
SPIDER
Meteors
SPIDER/LEEWAVES
Airglow LEEWAVES
Aurora/Airglow (O(3p3 P))#111614614641444

ALIS 4D
Sensitivity and speed

ALIS (CCD)
ALIS (CCD)
ALIS (CCD)
ALIS 4D (EMCCD)ALIS 4D (EMCCD)

Res.
10242
2562
2562
10242
10242

Hz
0.04
0.2
0.2
16.5
25

R/count
13.4
0.78
1.74
60.5

λc
5577Å
5577Å
4278Å
5577Å
5577ÅData production“Harddisks are either new or full” Gustavsson

Hz0.1
0.1
0.1
11
1
25
2525

resolution
2562
5122
10242
2562
5122
10242
2562
5122
10242

GiB/h
0.02
0.09
0.35
0.22
0.9
3.5
1144
176

total GiB/h
0.09
0.4
14.1
0.88
3.51
14.06
44
176
703

GiB/night
1
622
1456
225
352
1406
5625

Optical absolute calibrationISEE/NIPR

EISCAT 3D Complementary instruments
List extracted from the EISCAT 3D Science CaseI High-quality spectroscopic imaging systems: SE: ALIS 4D, FI:

MIRACLE and NO: BIFROSTI Sensitive spectrographs (UNIS Svalbard)
I Scanning Doppler-Imaging FPI:s with overlapping fields of view.

(UCL, ESRANGE, SGO, Norway, Japan (Oyama-san et al))I Heating-facility (EISCAT, Norway)
I Standard monitoring instruments: Magnetometers, All-sky cameras,Riometers, Ionosondes (Finland, Norway, Sweden)I VLF/HF/GPS receivers (SGO, Finland and nearby)
I Backscatter radars (CUTLASS: Finland, Iceland Norway)
I Sounding rockets?

Funding issues
Inventory of research infrastructure needs

I 2015 Failed. (application in 2017 if priority A1)
I 2017 Pending. . .

(application in 2019 if priority A1)

I We need better national and international coordination!
I We need a targeted science case for complementaryinstruments. (Expand it?)
I 2019. . . ? (application in 2021 if priority A1)

EISCAT 3D science case
Infrastructures and geographical advantages

We need to discuss

I EISCAT 3D complementary instruments and dedicated science case?
I I think the EISCAT 3D complementary instruments should be easily

accessable and simple to request and use for an E3D user.
I Need for increased nordic cooperation! Norway-Sweden-Finland.

National infrastructures that can be easily combined over theborders whenever desired.
I For example: ALIS 4D compatibility matters (MIRACLE, Norway)?
I Data flow from production via conditioning to users.
I Most observatories produce and provides free and open data. This isgood! How is the data used? Publications? Need for data citations!
Rules of the road?
I How do we make funding resources flow back to data producers?

Summary

I ALIS 4D will be a powerful swedish contribution tocomplementary instruments for EISCAT 3D.
I Extensive upgrades of the observatory instrumentationunderway at IRF. New Ionosonde (Uppsala), Riometer andvariometer Kiruna (Also including atmospheric measurements)
I Increased Nordic collaboration