The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey
The gas and dust return to the Galactic ISM

Peter Scicluna
Ishigaki

EAYAM, 15th November 2017

Key collaborators: F. Kemper, S. Srinivasan, S. Wallström, (ASIAA, Taiwan);
I. McDonald (Manchester, UK); J. Greaves (Cardiff, UK); O. Jones (Edinburgh, UK);
J. Wouterloot (EAO); J. He (YNAO & CASSACA, China); J. Cami (UWO, Canada);
H. Shinnaga (Kagoshima, Japan); Se-Hyung Cho (KASI, Korea) and the NESS teamPeter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 1 / 16Evolved stars, mass loss and the lifecycle of matterPeter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 2 / 16

AGB stars

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 3 / 16

The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey

The dust and gas return to the Galactic interstellar medium
Led by ASIAA, including > 70 members from all EAO regions, CfA, andEurope
39 nearest dusty AGB stars + wedding-cake survey within 2 kpc (300stars)⇒ 1st volume–limited survey of Galactic AGB stars
Multiple telescopes, multiple transitionsPeter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 4 / 16

The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey
The dust and gas return to the Galactic interstellar medium
39 nearest dusty AGB stars + wedding-cake survey within 2 kpc (300stars)⇒ 1st volume–limited survey of Galactic AGB stars
Multiple telescopes, multiple transitions
6515 hour JCMT Large program(2017-2020, PI: P. Scicluna)
21 hrs ASTE (approved, PI:S. Wallstrom)7log10(DPR) [M yr 1]

50 hrs JCMT S17A (complete, PI:P. Scicluna)

8910
11
12
1.5

Peter Scicluna

2.0
2.5
log10(Distance) [pc]3.0

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 4 / 163.5

The Nearby Evolved Stars Survey
The dust and gas return to the Galactic interstellar medium
39 nearest dusty AGB stars + wedding-cake survey within 2 kpc (300stars)⇒ 1st volume–limited survey of Galactic AGB stars
Multiple telescopes, multiple transitions
50 hrs JCMT S17A (complete, PI:P. Scicluna)

21 hrs ASTE (approved, PI:S. Wallstrom)
Proposed/planning:
ALMA (PI: S. Srinivasan)
APEX (PI: S. Wallstrom)67
log10(DPR) [M yr 1]

515 hour JCMT Large program(2017-2020, PI: P. Scicluna)891011121.5

2.0
2.5
log10(Distance) [pc]

3.0

SMA
Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 4 / 16

3.5

JCMT Large programs
EAO: new organisation, new community
JCMT: Still very powerful (largest sub-mm telescope, fastmapping)- Build large (& 50 people) collaborations- Large projects (> 200 hours)- Must include members from all EAO/JCMT regions
Two rounds so far (every ∼ 1.5 years)
Most recent round approved 2017 (including NESS)Run until 2020
Open to anyone in JCMT regions (get in touch if you want tojoin us!)Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 5 / 16

NESS: Objectives

Total gas and dust return to local ISM
Gas-to-dust ratios
Physics of mass loss
Sub-mm dust properties
Mass-loss history
13CO / 12 CO
Galactic AGB population

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 6 / 16

Total gas and dust return to local ISM
Measuring (dust) mass return

E.g. SAGE
Find dusty (MIR-bright)
sourcesClassify YSOs/AGB/RSG etc. &chemisty
Compute DPR- Empirical relations- radiative transfer
Add up all contributors
Dominated by extreme
AGBs
Blum et al. 2006
Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 7 / 16

Milky Way?
Last attempt:Gehrz 1989
SCUBA-2: total
dust mass- Cold dust
- Presentdaymass-loss
frommid-IR

S. Srinivasan

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 8 / 16

CO Lines as a mass-loss tracer
e.g. Knapp & Morris 1985
Multiple CO line profiles
Radiative transfer (comoving frame)
fit T (R), v & ṀStill need assumptions, e.g. CO
H2
HARP & RxA: gas mass loss

- 12 & 13 CO lines- Low-J lines → compare with cold dust
Only really possible for Galactic sourcesNESS ⇒ Dust and Gas return for volume-limited sample! –Improve on Knapp 1985 measure of dust-to-gas ratio too.

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 9 / 16

Physics of mass loss

Wind driving- outflow velocity- → pulsation/dust- momentum-transfer efficiency
Onset of dust driving?
Connection with other properties e.g.

- dust composition- stellar properties- ...

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 10 / 16

Mass-loss history

Kemper et al., 2003; Decin et al., 2007

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 11 / 16

Left: S Sct - Olofsson et al. 1992 Right: U Ant - Olofsson et al. 1996

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 12 / 16

Maercker et al 2012

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 12 / 16Extended emission with the JCMT
Dharmawardena et al., in prep - CIT 6,
SCUBA2 850

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 13 / 16Extended emission with the JCMT
Dharmawardena et al., in prep - CIT 6,
SCUBA2 850
NESS will map 39
sources in detail:Line andcontinuum
mappingṀ variations

resolved
gas-to-dust ratios
CO dissociation
deviations fromsymmetry?

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 13 / 16

Galactic AGB population
Dependence of outflow
properties on stellar
properties
Dust condensation
6- Efficiency: ṀD vs.

log10(DPR) [M yr 1]

7Ṁ

- Sequence: MIR

8features vs. Ṁ

9- Ṁ vs. v - change

10
11
12
1.5

2.0
2.5log10(Distance) [pc]

3.0

3.5

in radiationpressure withcondensation
sequence?
13 C/12 C

Constraints for evolution
and population models
Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 14 / 16

First data
Large program now ∼ 30% complete
CO(3-2) vs 850 µm continuum: BK VirPeter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 15 / 16

First data
Large program now ∼ 30% complete
CO(3-2) vs 850 µm continuum: BK VirPeter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 15 / 16

First data
Large program now ∼ 30% complete
CO(3-2) vs 850 µm continuum: Y UMa

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 15 / 16

First data
Large program now ∼ 30% complete
CO(3-2) vs 850 µm continuum: Y UMa

Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 15 / 16

Summary(Dust-)Mass return in nearby galaxies well studied
Gas only possible locally- both required to understand mass loss
Variability important- most of mass-loss occurs in short bursts
NESS: submm survey of all dust-producing local AGB stars- first volume-limited survey- robust constraints on local mass return- gas-to-dust ratios- statistics of AGB stars- solve everything!
Now is a good time to get involved!
Contact me (if you’re from outside the EAO regions) or your regional
coordinator (EAO regions – Taiwan: Me; China: Jinhua He; Korea: Se-Hyung
Cho; Japan: Hiroko Shinnaga; UK: Iain McDonald; Canada: Jan Cami)Peter Scicluna

EAYAM, 15th November 2017 16 / 16