JADH 2018
“Leveraging Open Data”
September 9-11, 2018
Hitotsubashi Hall, Tokyo

https://conf2018.jadh.org

Proceedings of the 8th
Conference of Japanese
Association for Digital
Humanities

TEI 2018“TEI as a Global Language”
September 9-13, 2018
Hitotsubashi Hall, Tokyo

https://tei2018.dhii.asia

Book of Abstracts
The 18th Annual TEI Conference
and Members’ Meeting

Joint Keynote Session

JADH and TEI Joint Keynote Session
The NIJL Database of Pre-modern Japanese Works .................................................. iv
Robert Campbell
Amsterdam 4D: Navigating the History of Urban Creativity through Space and Time.......................................................................................................................................... v
Julia Noordegraaf
Creating Collections of Social Relevance ................................................................... viiSusan Schreibman

iii

Joint Keynote Session

The NIJL Database of Pre-modern Japanese Works
Robert Campbell1
Abstract
NIJL (the National Insitute of Japanese Literature) is currently engaged in digitizing, tagging
and developing new ways to search the uniquely rich heritage of pre-modern (prior to 1868)
Japanese literary documents. In my talk I will aim to introduce this ongoing project, andthrough doing so will attempt to suggest several directions in which cross-disciplinary
collaboration may lead to a deepening of cultural understanding and innovation.
Biography
Director, National Institute of Japanese Literature. Professor Emeritus, University of Tokyo.
PhD., Harvard University.
Related URL
https://www.nijl.ac.jp/

1iv

National Institute of Japanese Literature

Joint Keynote Session

Amsterdam 4D: Navigating the History of Urban
Creativity through Space and Time
Julia Noordegraaf1
Abstract
A city’s cultural industries are a major factor in its economic durability and the wellbeingof its inhabitants. Successful urban agglomerations, such as the city of Amsterdam, aremarked by the concentration of artists, performers, and knowledge workers – cultural
production contributes to a city’s overall capacity for innovation and competition. Scholars
in the humanities and social sciences have begun to explore this dynamic. Thus far,however, they have struggled to explain the correlation between the micro level of culturalinteraction and the macro level of a Creative City’s economic and social success. Many
factors complicate any urban setting’s spatial and historical fabric. Where are the creative
entrepreneurs located? How do they communicate, interact, collaborate, and compete?
How do their products find their ways to the consumers? And how do they turn the city
into a magnet for other innovators? In the research program Creative Amsterdam: An EHumanities Perspective, located at the University of Amsterdam’s Centre for Cultural
Heritage and Identity, scholars from the humanities and computer science collaborate inusing data on the various cultural sectors of Amsterdam with digital methods to investigate
how cultural industries have shaped Amsterdam’s unique position in a European andglobal context, from the 17th century until the present day. A central focus of the CREATE
program is the building of the Amsterdam Time Machine (ATM): a hub for navigating linked
historical data on Amsterdam. This web of information on people, places, relationships,
events, and objects will unfold in time and space through geographical and 3D
representations. In this “Google Earth for the past”, users can go back and forth between
the city as a whole, specific neighborhoods, streets, or houses, and even zoom in on the
pictures that adorned the walls of for instance merchants and regents. The systematic
linkage of datasets from heterogeneous sources allows users to ask new questions on, forinstance, cultural events, everyday life, social relations, or the use of public space in thecity of Amsterdam. As such, it allows scholars to connect specific objects, persons orplaces to the level of broader social processes in the city as a whole – functioning as a
microscope and telescope in one. Such a research environment, in which space is chosen
as the point of view, offers an unprecedented opportunity to investigate the relationshipbetween the physical and social space in relation to how it was organized and experienced
over time.
In this lecture I present the design and architecture of the Amsterdam Time
Machine, and illustrate its research potential by discussing examples of recent research
projects on the history of Amsterdam as a creative city.
Biography
Julia Noordegraaf is professor of Digital Heritage in the department of Media Studies at
the University of Amsterdam. She is director of the Amsterdam Centre for Cultural Heritageand Identity (ACHI), one of the university’s research priority areas, where she leads thedigital humanities research program Creative Amsterdam (CREATE) that studies the historyof urban creativity using digital data and methods. Noordegraaf’s research focuses on thepreservation and reuse of audiovisual and digital heritage. She has published, amongst
others, the monograph Strategies of Display (2004/2012) and, as principal editor,
Preserving and Exhibiting Media Art (2013) and acts as principal editor of the Cinema
Context database on Dutch film culture. She currently leads research projects on theconservation of digital art (in the Horizon 2020 Marie Curie ITN project NACCA) and on thereuse of digital heritage in data-driven historical research (besides CREATE in the
Amsterdam Data Science Research project Perspectives on Data Quality and the new,1

University of Amsterdamv

Joint Keynote Session

NWO funded project Virtual Interiors as Interfaces for Big Historical Data Research). She
is a former fellow of the Netherlands Institute for Advanced Study in the Humanities andSocial Sciences and acts as board member for Media Studies in CLARIAH, the national
infrastructure for digital humanities research, funded by the Netherlands Organization for
Scientific Research, NWO. Noordegraaf currently coordinates the realization of the
Amsterdam Time Machine and participates as Steering Committee member in theEuropean Time Machine project that aims to build a simulator for 5.000 years of European
history.
Related URLs
http://www.uva.nl/profiel/n/o/j.j.noordegraaf/j.j.noordegraaf.html
https://twitter.com/jjnoordegraaf
http://achi.uva.nl/
http://www.create.humanities.uva.nl/
http://timemachineproject.eu/viJoint Keynote Session

Creating Collections of Social RelevanceSusan Schreibman1
Abstract
Digital Humanities, and by extension digital humanists, tend towards a culture of open
access, interdisciplinary collaboration, and a maker ethos. These disciplinary values
position the digital humanities for high impact reaching beyond disciplinary boundaries
into more public fora. One might argue that this public-facing ethos is a natural extensionof web-based scholarship. Yet, simply putting resources on the web does not necessarily
engage the public or publics they wish to reach. The model still used by the majority ofdigital humanities projects is that a small team designs and creates the resource, and when
it is ‘finished’ (or at least ready for others to view) it is made public.
This talk will focus on a different model, that of participatory design, which
involves the public, that is, anybody who might benefit from our scholarship, in the
research process.
Participatory Engagement projects provide us with opportunities to rethink ourroles as researchers and as educators, about our obligations to those in society who have
not had the same opportunities as we have, and how to build meaningful, socially relevant,digital collections for our own and future generations. This talk will explore the philosophy,
mechanics, and value of designing digital scholarship within a participatory model.
Biography
Susan Schreibman is Professor of Digital Humanities and Director of the Centre for Digital
Humanities, Maynooth University, Ireland. Dr Schreibman has published and lectured
widely in digital humanities and Irish poetic modernism. Her current digital projects include
Letters 1916-1923 and Contested Memories: The Battle of Mount Street Bridge. Her
publications include A New Companion to Digital Humanities (2015), Thomas MacGreevy:
A Critical Reappraisal (2013), A Companion to Digital Literary Studies (2008), and A
Companion to Digital Humanities (2004). She is the founding Editor of the peer-reviewed
Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative and is a member of the Board of the National Libraryof Ireland.

1

Maynooth University
vii

TEI 2018“TEI as a Global Language”
September 9-13, 2018
Hitotsubashi Hall, Tokyo

https://tei2018.dhii.asia

Book of Abstracts
The 18th Annual TEI Conference andMembers’ Meeting

Hosted by:Center for Evolving Humanities, Graduate School of Humanities andSociology, The University of Tokyo
Supported by:
JSPS Grant-in-Aid Project (S) “Construction of a New Knowledge Basefor Buddhist Studies” (15H05725)
International Institute for Digital Humanities

Sponsored by:

The 18th Annual TEI Conference and Members’ Meeting: Book of Abstracts
Edited by Tensho Miyazaki
This book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 International License (CC-BY 3.0)

PDF Version (Sep 7, 2018)

Published by:Center for Evolving Humanities, Graduate School of Humanities
and Sociology, The University of Tokyo
7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
http://21dzk.l.u-tokyo.ac.jp/DHI/International Institute for Digital Humanities
5-26-4-11F Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo
https://www.dhii.jp

TEI 2018

Table of Contents

TEI 2018 Committees ..................................................................................................199
Time Table....................................................................................................................200
Plenary..........................................................................................................................201
Digital Texts in Practice Christian Wittern[Day 1 (Sun)] Full-day Workshops ..............................................................................202
Introduction to EpiDoc.............................................................................................202
Hugh Cayless, Yukiko Kawamoto, Elli Mylonas, Kazuhiro Takeuchi
TEI Publisher: Power to the Editor ..........................................................................203
Wolfgang Meier, Magdalena Turska
Introduction to TEI in Japanese 日本語による TEI 入門 ........................................204
Kiyonori Nagasaki[Day 1 (Sun) Morning] Half-day Workshops ...............................................................205
Publishing TEI on the Web without XSLT: CETEIcean (/sɪˈti:ʃn/)...........................205
Raffaele Viglianti, Hugh Cayless
Introduction to XPath...............................................................................................206
Syd Bauman, Sarah Stanley, Elisa Beshero-Bondar
[Day 1 (Sun) Afternoon] Half-day Workshops ............................................................207
Introduction to TEI Encoding of Correspondence Meta Data ...............................207
Anne Baillot, Stefan Dumont, Sabine Seifert, Peter Stadler
Spoken Language: Tools and Workflow for Creating and Editing Data andMetadata ...................................................................................................................208
Carole Etienne, Christophe Parisse, Loïc Liégeois[Day 2 (Mon) 16:45-19:00] Posters & Demonstration (Room A2,3,4) ........................210
TEI Technical Infrastructure ....................................................................................210
Hugh Cayless, James Cummings, Martin Holmes, Peter Stadler, Magdalena Turska
@SameAs TEI? The Pitfalls and Perils of Creating Linked Data from TEI-Encoded
Resources.................................................................................................................211
Constance Crompton, Michelle Schwartz
What to Do with All the Witnesses? Challenges of a Multi-witness Iterative Digital
Edition of John Denham’s Coopers Hill ..................................................................212
James Cummings, Tiago Sousa Garci
A Markdown Approach for the Diffusion of TEI Usage in Classical JapaneseStudies ......................................................................................................................212
Yuta Hashimoto
Attempts to Describe Japanese Manuscripts ........................................................213
Hiroyuki IkuuraquoteSalute: Integrate <salute> in Your Own Correspondence ...........................215
Oliver Pohl, Stefan Dumont, Lou Klappenbach, Marvin Kullick, Frederike Neuber, Luisa
Philipp193

Table of Contents

The Standardization Survival Kit: Make your Arts and Humanities Research Go
Standard - TEI Inside! .............................................................................................. 216Marie Pure, Charles Riondet, Laurent Romary, Dorian Seillier, Lionel Tadjou
Semantic Minimal Retrospective Digitization of Edited Correspondence........... 216Klaus Rettinghaus
The Digital Scholarly Edition of Andreas Okopenko’s Diaries – Showcases andResearch Questions ................................................................................................ 217
Laura Tezarek
“Coffee” and Other Coding Challenges: Lessons Learned through David
Livingstone’s Manuscripts in South Africa (1843-1872) ........................................ 217Mary Borgo TonTowards a Rich Interface for ODD Customization: The New JavaScript Versionof Roma .................................................................................................................... 218
Raffaele Viglianti, TEI Technical Council
Gaiji from Cradle to Grave: Encoding Traceable Identity of Characters in TEI ... 219
WANG Yifan
[Demo] CSV2CMI – A Tool for Creating a Correspondence Metadata Interchange
Format File ............................................................................................................... 219
Klaus Rettinghaus[Day 3 (Tue) Morning] SIG Sessions........................................................................... 220
9:00-12:15 (Half-day)
[Room A3] Ontologies (Constance Crompton)
[Room A4] East Asian / Japanese (A. Charles Muller, Kiyonori Nagasaki, Satoru
Nakamura, Kazuhiro Okada)
9:00-10:30
[Room B1] Indic Texts(Patrick McAllister)
[Room B2,3] SIG Correspondence (Sabine Seifert)
10:45-12:15
[Room A2] Manuscripts SIG (Gerrit Brüning)
[Room B1] Text & Graphics SIG (Martin de al Iglesia)
[Boom B2,3] TEI for Linguists (Piotr Banski, Andreas Witt)[Day 3 (Tue) 13:45-15:15] LP Session I: Digital Archives (Room A3) ........................ 221
Encoding for Black Lives: Affordances and Challenges of TEI for Liberatory
Archives.................................................................................................................... 221
Jessica H. Lu, Raffaele Viglianti
REED:London and CWRC: The Digital Ecology of the Records of Early English
Drama Project Integrating with Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory ........ 222James Cummings, Diane Jakacki, Susan Brown, Kimberley Martin, Carolyn BlackBibliotheques françoises as a Virtual Workshop for the Literary History of Early
Modern France......................................................................................................... 222Toshinori Uetani, Guillaume Porte, Mathieu Duboc, Sandrine Breuil[Day 3 (Tue) 13:45-15:15] SP Session I (Room A4) .................................................... 224The Italian Reception of the English Novel: A Digital Enquiry on EighteenthCentury Literary ....................................................................................................... 224Andrea Penso
194

TEI 2018

The Future of TEI and Events: The Case of a Register for Early Modern Sermons...................................................................................................................................225
Thomas W Dabbs
Oral Literatures and Oral Musics: Their Analyzes and Interpretations Developed
through the Use of TEI and MEI Encodings ...........................................................225
Sylvaine Leblond Martin, Henri Hudrisier, Mokhtar Ben Henda
Nineteenth-Century Knowledge Project.................................................................226
Peter Melville Logan
Encoding the Graphic Elements in Picasso’s Poetry.............................................226
Luis Meneses, Enrique Mallen[Day 3 (Tue) 15:30-17:00] LP Session II: New Teachings, New Methods (RoomA3) .................................................................................................................................228
New Developments in the Guidelines: The att.linguistic Class .............................228
Piotr Bański, Susanne Haaf, Martin Mueller, Andreas Witt
Using the TEI in Training and Research as an Institutional Strategy towards a DH
Competence Center .................................................................................................228
Anne Baillot, François Vignale“Examples Work More Forcibly on the Mind than Precepts” – Expanding and
Improving the Use of Examples by the TEI Guidelines ..........................................229
James Cummings[Day 3 (Tue) 15:30-17:00] SP Session II (Room A4) ....................................................230
Historical Social Networks in Chinese Buddhism..................................................230
Marcus BingenheimerComplex Manuscript Texts as Prototypes for the Construction of a Sourceedition Environment: The Case of Philosophical Glosses .....................................230
Emmanuelle Kuhry
Francophone Diaries in the 19th Century Russia: A TEI Encoded Edition and
Corpus ......................................................................................................................231
Alexei Lavrentiev, Michèle Debrenne, Nina Panina, Dmitry Dolgushin, Andrey
BorodikhinGuido Parato’s Health Treaty: A TEI Edition on the TXM Platform .......................232
Alexei Lavrentiev, Elena Markova
Publication and Usage of TEI Data in UTokyo Digital Archives Development
Project ......................................................................................................................232
Satoru Nakamura[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] LP Session III: Modeling and Metadata (Room A3) .........234
TEI Reclassified........................................................................................................234
Hugh Cayless
Modelling Authentication.........................................................................................235
Sean Michael Winslow
Tei-Meta: A Tool for Editing Metadata in TEI - Application to Oral Language
Research Purposes ..................................................................................................236
Christophe Parisse, Carole Etienne, Loïc Liégeois

195

Table of Contents[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] Panel Session I (Room A4) ............................................... 237Confronting Challenges in Marking Up Pre-modern East Asian Documents ...... 237Chair/Discussants: Marcus Bingenheimer, Duncan Paterson, Martin Holmes
Organizer: Hanna McGaughey[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Sessions IV: Proposals and Recommendations (RoomA1) ................................................................................................................................ 240
Using ODD for HTML ............................................................................................... 240
Martin David Holmes
From File Interoperability to Service Interoperability: the Distributed Text
Services .................................................................................................................... 242Bridget May Almas, Hugh Cayless, Thibault Clérice, Vincent Jolivet, Emmanuelle
Morlock, Jonathan Robie, James Tauber, Jeffrey C Witt, Pietro Liuzzo
TEI-Lex0 Etym – Towards Terse Recommendations for the Encoding of
Etymological Information ........................................................................................ 243Jack Bowers, Axel Herold, Laurent Romary[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Session V: TEI as a Tool and Method for Analysis (RoomA2) ................................................................................................................................ 245Shakespeare and the Enumeration of Semantic Universals................................. 245Brian L. Pytlik Zillig, Mary K. Bolin
TEI Processing Model - Beyond Books by Dead White Men ................................ 245Magdalena Turska, Wolfgang Meier
Hierarchies Made to Be Broken: A Standoff Approach to the Frankenstein
Bicentennial Variorum Edition ................................................................................ 246Elisa Eileen Beshero-Bondar, Raffaele Viglianti[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] Panel Session II (Room B1,2,3) .......................................... 248Facilitating the Dissemination of TEI-based Digital Resources in Japan: As EarlyCareer Researchers from Tokyo Digital History.................................................... 248Naoki Kokaze, Soki Oda, Boyoung Kim, Natsuko Saji[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VI: People, Persons, and Prosopography(Room A1) .................................................................................................................... 251
TEI, the Walt Whitman Archive, and the Test of Time ........................................... 251Brett Barney
World Wide Women: TEI Prosopography and Global Genealogy in Digital Dinah
Craik ......................................................................................................................... 251Karen Bourrier, Kailey FukushimaProsopography and Typological Analysis: Data Mining Allgemeine Deutsche
Biographie ................................................................................................................ 252Tao Wang[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VII: Editing and Analysis (Room A2) ............. 254Genetic Encoding: A Reassessment with Lessons from the Faust Edition ......... 254Gerrit Brüning

196

TEI 2018

Métopes + TXM: Integrating Text Publishing and Text Analysis Tools Based on
TEI Encoding ............................................................................................................255
Alexei Lavrentiev, Charles Bourdot, Serge Heiden
Quotes, Paraphrases, and Allusions: Text-reuse in Sanskrit Commentaries and
How to Encode it ......................................................................................................256
Patrick McAllister[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] SP Session III (Room B1,2,3).............................................257
On Global, Formal Languages, and the Others ......................................................257
Susanna Allés-Torrent, Mitsunori Ogihara
On Structuralism and the Predictive Attribution of Type.......................................257
Vinayak Das Gupta
Encoding GeoJSON Geometries in TEI ..................................................................258
Martin Holmes
Automatically Encoding Encyclopedic-like Resources in TEI...............................261
Mohamed Khemakhem, Laurent Romary, Simon Gabay, Hervé Bohbot, Francesca
Frontini, Giancarlo Luxardo[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] LP Session VIII: Encoding: Etymology, Liturgy, andFestivals (Room A1) .....................................................................................................265
Encoding Mixtepec-Mixtec Etymology in TEI ........................................................265
Jack Bowers, Laurent RomaryEncoding Liturgy - from the Haggadah to a General Schema ..............................266
Yael Netzer, Sinai Rusinek, Andrew Irving, Clemens LeonhardDocumentation and Digitisation of Festival in Pelu Awofeso’s White Lagos: A
Definitive and Visual Guide to the Eyo Festival .....................................................267
Felix Bayode Oke[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] LP Session IX: Encoding: Newspapers, Commentaries,
and Menuscripts (Room A2) .......................................................................................268
Creating a Digital Newspaper Collection in Dialogue with its Users....................268
Dario Kampkaspar, Claudia ReschHow to Encode the Tibetan Commentaries on the Abhidharmasamuccaya .......268
Koichi Takahashi, Hiroshi Nemoto
Beta maṣāḥǝft: Encoding Ethiopic Manuscripts in TEI .........................................269
Pietro Maria Liuzzo[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] Panel Session III (Room B1,2,3) ........................................270
Implementing TEI to Japanese Modern Texts .......................................................270
Yu Okubo, Yoko Mabuchi, Kiyonori Nagasaki[Day 5 (Thu) 14:55-16:25] LP Session X: Lexicography and Language (Room A1) ..273
The TEI in Real-Time Lexicography: The Digital Dictionary of Buddhism and
CJKV-E Dictionary after 32 Years ...........................................................................273
A. Charles Muller
TEI Metadata for Japanese Materials in the Cambridge University Library andHow to Apply TEI for Higher Education ..................................................................273
Zengxian Li
197

Table of Contents

TEI Lex-0: A Target Format for TEI-Encoded Dictionaries and Lexical Resources.................................................................................................................................. 274
Laurent Romary, Toma Tasovac[Day 5 (Thu) 14:55-16:25] Panel Session IV (Room A2) ............................................. 276Whither TEI Publisher? ............................................................................................ 276
Magdalena Turska, Wolfgang Meier

198

TEI 2018

TEI 2018 Committees
Program Committee:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Susan Schreibman, Chair (Maynooth University, Ireland)
Masahiro Shimoda, Local Host (The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Kiyonori Nagasaki, Local Host (International Institute for Digital Humanities, Japan)
Marcus Bingenheimer (Temple University, USA )Elisa Beshero-Bondar (University of Pittsburg, USA)
Alejandro Bia (Miguel Hernández University, Spain)
Marjorie Burghart (CNRS, France)
Vinayak Das Gupta (Shiv Nadar University, India)
Yuta Hashimoto (National Museum for Japanese History, Japan)
Nie Hua (Peking University, China)
Asanobu Kitamoto, OC Chair of JADH (National Institutes of Information, Japan)
Elena Pierazzo (Universite Grenoble Alpes, France)
Peter Stadler (Paderborn University, Germany)
Sarah Stanley (Florida State University, USA)
Toma Tasovac (Belgrade Center for Digital Humanities, Serbia)
Magdalena Turska (Oxford University, UK)
Taizo Yamada (The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Raffaele Viglianti (University of Maryland, USA)
Pip Willcox (Oxford University, UK)
Christian Wittern (Kyoto University, Japan)

Local Committee:
•
•
•
•
•

Masahiro Shimoda, Chair (The University of Tokyo)
Asanobu Kitamoto (National Institutes of Informatics)
Kiyonori Nagasaki (International Institute for Digital Humanities)
Toru Tomabechi (International Institute for Digital Humanities)
Tensho Miyazaki (International Institute for Digital Humanities)

199

Time Table

Time Table
September 9 (Sun), Day 1
9:30-13:30
13:30-14:30
14:30-18:30

Workshops
Lunch BreakWorkshops

September 10 (Mon), Day 2
9:00-9:30
9:30-12:00
12:00-13:00
13:00-16:15
16:45-19:00
19:00-

JADH and TE Joint Opening Session
TEI Council Open Meeting
Lunch
Opening Plenary (shared with JADH)
Poster Session & Demonstrations (shared with JADH)
Conference Banquet

September 11 (Tue), Day 3
9:00-10:30
10:30-10:45
10:45-12:15
13:45-15:15
15:15-15:30
15:30-17:00
17:00-17:15
17:15-18:45
19:00-SIG Sessions
Coffee BreakSIG Sessions
Conference Sessions
Coffee BreakConference Sessions
Coffee BreakConference Sessions and Panel
Casual Dinner arranged in groups

September 12 (Wed), Day 4
9:00-10:00
10:30-12:00
13:00-TEI Plenary Meeting
TEI Members’ Meeting
Joint Excursions with JADH (free)

September 13 (Thu), Day 5
9:00-10:30
10:30-10:45
10:45-12:15
12:15-13:15
13:15-14:45
14:45-14:55
14:55-16:25
16:30-

200

Conference Sessions and Panel
Coffee BreakConference Sessions
Lunch BreakConference Sessions and Panel
Break (Coffee Room closed)
Conference Sessions and Panel
Closing (Room A1)

TEI 2018

Plenary

Digital Texts in Practice
Christian Wittern1
As a student of intellectual, religious and cultural developments in areas of the Chinese
cultural sphere, my initial drive in engaging with digital texts 30 years ago was to open up
the new possibilities offered by the digital medium for the use of researchers, without losing
any of the affordances of a traditional printed edition. This requirement includes use of
texts for reading, translating, annotating, quoting, and publishing, thus integrating with thewhole of the scholarly work flow.
At that time theories of electronic texts started to appear and the TEI already had
begun the endeavour to create a common text model and interchange specification, forthe most part based on European languages. For East-Asian texts, things where much
more complicated due to different and quickly evolving character encoding standards,
different textual traditions and approaches to text editing, as well as different institutional
embedding.
In this presentation, I will look back at these developments, firstly to recountsome of the history, albeit from a strictly personal perspective, but also to take stock of
the situation and consider where we are now, how we got there and what remains to bedone to realize the dream of the universal digital text, easily shared and annotated, but stilltractable, verifiable and authoritative.

1

Kyoto University, Japan

201

[Day 1 (Sun)] Workshops[Day 1 (Sun)] Full-day Workshops

Introduction to EpiDoc
Hugh Cayless1, Yukiko Kawamoto2, Elli Mylonas3, Kazuhiro Takeuchi4(Room A2)
EpiDoc (http://www.stoa.org/epidoc/gl/latest/) is one of the most successful TEI
customizations in existence. It was originally developed to encode Greek and Roman
documents written on stone or other non-perishable materials, but has been generalized
to work with other types of document where the scholars who study them care principally
about recording not just the transcription, but the text’s materiality and the editorialinterventions that have been made to establish a readable text. For example, EpiDoc has
been used to publish documents on papyrus in a variety of languages, and has been used
for other ancient documents in a variety of languages and scripts (including Arabic,
Egyptian Hieroglyphs, Hebrew, Mayan Hieroglyphs, and Old Cham).
The wide adoption of Epidoc, as well as the fact that it is a TEI customization,
allow its users to take advantage of support and advice from a community of scholars,
shared tools for display and analysis, the development of common practices andvocabularies to make it easier to share and re-use Epidoc corpora.
We expect the workshop to appeal both to scholars working on western
epigraphy and papyrology in Japan and to those working with similar documents fromJapan or other countries with their own epigraphic or papyrological traditions. We also
anticipate that there will be an opportunity for participants to discuss their own projects.
The workshop will cover the following topics:
•
•
•
•
•

Brief introduction to XML, TEI and Epidoc
Basic editing of epigraphic texts.
OxygenXML software for editing and transforming into HTML for
proofreading and display.
Encoding the history and description of the textual support.
Advanced Features (apparatus criticus, verse, complex texts). This section
will be adjusted based on the interests of the participants.

Participants should have some familiarity with epigraphic, papyrological or similar textual
material. An understanding of the Leiden Conventions is helpful but not required. No
technical skills are required and scholars of all levels, from students to professors, arewelcome.

1

Duke University, USA
Nagoya University, Japan
3
Brown University, USA
4
Osaka University, Japan
202
2

TEI 2018

TEI Publisher: Power to the Editor
Wolfgang Meier1, Magdalena Turska1(Room B1)
Abstract
Crossing the divide between encoded XML sources and published digital edition has
always been a weak spot for TEI community. TEI Publisher, an eXist-db based application
bridges that gap with its implementation of the processing model allowing to create
standalone digital editions out of the box.
Publishing an edition so far involved tedious work on complex stylesheets andsignificant effort in building an application on top of it. Using the TEI Processing Model,
customising the appearance of the text is all done in TEI ODD. This approach easily saves
thousands of lines of code for media specific stylesheets. eXistdb and its application
framework on the other hand take care of all the other core features like browsing, searchand navigation.
The proposed workshop intends to introduce the concepts of the TEI Processing
Model and provide a tutorial on how to generate custom standalone edition using the App
Generator.
Full Description
Crossing the divide between encoded XML sources and tangible, published digital edition
has always been a weak spot for TEI community. Recent efforts of the TEI Simple project
aimed to bridge that gap with TEI Processing Model idea. TEI Publisher, an eXist-db based
application brings the promises of TEI Simple to life with its implementation of theprocessing model enhanced with an app generator, allowing to create standalone digital
editions out of the box.
Publishing an edition from TEI sources so far involved tedious work on complex
stylesheets and significant effort in building an application on top of it. Using the TEIProcessing Model, customising the appearance of the text is all done in TEI ODD by
mapping each TEI element to a limited set of well-defined behaviour functions, e.g.
“paragraph” or “heading”. The TEI Processing Model specification includes a standard
mapping, which can be tweaked by overwriting selected elements. Rendition styles aretransparently translated into different output media types like HTML, XSL-FO, LaTeX, or
ePUB. This approach easily saves thousands of lines of code for media specific stylesheets.
The power of the eXist-db database and the application framework on the other hand takecare of all the other core features like browsing, search and navigation.
The proposed workshop intends to introduce the concepts of the TEI Processing
Model and provide a tutorial on how to use TEI Publisher app to experiment and try out
various ODDs containing processing model instructions, upload users’ own files andcreate a custom ODD, and, finally, generate their own, standalone edition using the App
Generator. As an inspiration it will also present examples of real apps built with App
Generator and other systems employing TEI Processing Model.
It is hoped that exposure to the concepts and technologies presented during theworkshop will give its participants a point of exit in the task of publishing their own research
data.

1

eXist Solutions, Germany203

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Introduction to TEI in Japanese 日本語による TEI 入門
Kiyonori Nagasaki1(Room A4)
This workshop aims to share concept usage of TEI for Japanese speakers. TEI guidelines
have been the de facto standard for humanities research and data sharing in Westerncountries especially for linguistics, philology, and biography, providing various ways ofdescription of textual structures. However, the guidelines have not yet known well so far.
This workshop provides an opportunity to have basic knowledge of the TEI to Japaneseparticipants who are interested in the TEI but not familiar with it.
Agenda:Morning:••

Concepts of TEI with some use cases
Introduction to TEI with Oxygen XML Editor

Afternoon:
How to treat a corpus encoded by TEI•
Encoding a modern novel “Hashire Meros”•
Encoding a scholarly edition of a Japanese classic “Tales of Genji”•
General discussion
Requirements:
A laptop computer which can connect WIFI and USB memory
If you are interested in encoding correspondence but not have enough knowledge of the
TEI, it is recommended to participating this workshop in the morning to learn the basis of
the TEI before the correspondence workshop.
本ワークショップでは、日本語話者に対して TEI の思想と初歩的な使い方を解説する。
TEI は欧米の人文学資料を扱うにあたってのスタンダードとして、様々なデジタルアーカ
イブの裏側で利用され、様々な便利で高度なサービスを低コストで提供することを可能としてきている。特に言語学や文献学、書誌学においては様々に活用されてきており、碑文や手紙の情報を構造的に記録・記述することに関しても広く用いられるようになっている。
それにも関わらず、日本ではまだ知名度は高くない。TEI が掲げる思想と実践についての知識が広まることは、日本の人文学とデジタルアーカイブとの関係をよりよいものにし、両者をともに深めていくことに大いに資すると期待されることから、日本語による TEI 入門ワークショップをここに提供する。内容の概略は以下の通りである。
午前

午後

1

•
•

TEI の思想：いくつかの事例紹介も含めつつ
TEI の初歩：Oxygen XML Editor と TEI の基本的な構造

•
•
•
•

TEI で構造化された言語コーパスの分析に向けて『走れメロス』の TEI による構造化『源氏物語』池田亀鑑本の校訂情報の構造化
まとめの議論International Institute for Digital Humanities, Japan
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参加にあたって必要なもの
USB メモリを接続可能で Wifi 接続も可能なノートパソコン
留意事項
なお、特に手紙の構造的記述（手紙のメタデータ）に関心があるが TEI の初歩をまだ押さえてない、という場合には、午前中のみこのワークショップに参加し、午後は手紙のワ
ークショップに参加するというやり方もあるのでご検討されたい。

[Day 1 (Sun) Morning] Half-day Workshops

Publishing TEI on the Web without XSLT: CETEIcean(/sɪˈti:ʃn/)Raffaele Viglianti1, Hugh Cayless2(Room A1)
This half-day workshop will introduce CETEIcean (pronounced /sɪˈti:ʃn/, similarly to theword “cetacean”), a JavaScript library for displaying TEI in a web browser. Instead of
sticking with the semantically poor element set of HTML, CETEIcean reframes anisomorphic transformation of TEI as HTML, by registering modified TEI elements with thebrowser using the new Custom Elements technology. Loading a TEI document withCETEIcean will make it fully usable by the browser: TEI elements can be styled with CSS
and manipulated for interaction with JavaScript, just like HTML and thus avoiding XSLTtransformation steps. CETEIcean’s approach is inspired by TEI Boilerplate(http://teiboilerplate.org/), but it is based on web standards and is more flexible. It does
not require an in-browser XSLT step, nor any modification to the source XML; TEI content
can be loaded in the browser via an AJAX call, or via server-side processing.

Motivations
Many scholarly publications powered by the TEI rely on server side infrastructure forpublication, typically by leveraging XML technologies such as XSLT and XQuery (via XML
databases). The capability and flexibility of these tools is undeniable, so why use a different
approach?
•

•
•

1
2

Web technologies for web publication. XSLT/XQuery are not sufficient, bythemselves, to create a digital publication on the web, they are simply ameans to transforming TEI into HTML. But to create a fully featured
publication on the web, HTML needs to be supported by CSS for styling and
JavaScript for user interaction. What if we could skip the transformation partand focus on the web technologies needed for a digital publication?
Getting started faster. By focusing on web technologies, new TEI users will
not have to learn XSLT as well as the TEI to publish their first document.
Semantics. Converting TEI to HTML is the most common and most practicalway of publishing TEI texts on the web, but HTML lacks what TEI has: a very
well-considered and mature set of semantic tags for encoding texts. When
converting TEI to HTML the semantic distinctions in the markup are often
lost in favor of typographic distinctions in the display. In other words, thedata model represented in the TEI fails to carry over to the online version.

University of Maryland, USA
Duke University, USA

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Preservation. XSLT/XQuery transformations are often performed “on the fly”
by server-side technology to provide data to a front-end application (written
in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript). By using CETEIcean, TEI can be built into
“static sites” that do not require server-side computation, making it easierto preserve the application into the future.

Syllabus
This half-day workshop will cover the following topics.
•
Introduction to CETEIcean and motivations.
•
Using CETEIcean to build a static site from a provided HTML template. We
will discuss the structure of the template and how to change it for future use.
•
Using CSS to style CETEIcean TEI. No previous knowledge of CSS required.
•
Adding user interactivity to your TEI via CSS and simple JavaScript. We will
discuss a number of examples and address questions/requests from theattendees.
•
Publishing on-line. We will look at simple ways of publishing a CETEIceanpowered site on-line for free via GitHub, DropBox, others.

Introduction to XPath
Syd Bauman1, Sarah Stanley2, Elisa Beshero-Bondar3(Room A3)
Abstract
This workshop will cover the basics of XPath, an extremely powerful language fornavigating and processing XML. With XPath, you can search for highly specific textual
features, such as find all the <div> elements with a specific @type value, or how often acertain character in a play speaks in verse or in prose. XPath is the underlying language
used by XSLT, XQuery, Schematron, the TEI Processing Model, and in some XPointerschemes and TEI ODD constructs. While experience with writing valid TEI is desirable,
participants only need to know how to write well-formed XML to benefit from this workshop.
OutlineThis workshop will cover the basics of XPath, the syntax used for navigating andprocessing XML documents. Learning XPath will help any encoder of TEI to comprehend
how their code fits and nests in the XML tree, and how to express relationships among its
various parts. You can apply XPath to check for accuracy of text encoding and to identify
patterns and irregularities in your coding. Learning XPath will also improve your vocabulary
for describing the various units (“nodes”) of XML that are navigable, and you will learn how
these are “walkable” and tractable for processing. Writing XPath is a fundamental skill forthe transformation and querying of XML documents, and for developing schemas to checkyour encoding. XPath is also used by the TEI community in various contexts, for adapting
the TEI Processing Model and for designing TEI ODD customizations and TEI XPointerschemes.
We will not cover all the applications of XPath in this workshop, but participants
will gain perspective and experience to continue practicing and learning. In this workshop,
you will learn about the vocabulary that XPath uses to talk about the component parts of
XML trees. You will also learn about XPath syntax, including how to find ancestors anddescendants and how to refine queries with predicates. While familiarity with TEI isdesirable, it is not absolutely necessary for this workshop. At minimum, however, we
1

Northeastern University, USA
Florida State University, USA
3
University of Pittsburgh, USA
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recommend that participants have written an XML document and have basic familiarity
with the XML syntax and the concepts of well-formedness and validity before attending
this workshop. If you have written code with angle brackets and want to understand how
you can process it and what you can build with it, this workshop is for you.
During the course of the workshop, you will learn how XPath can help you
transform data from your documents into various new formats and visualizations, and you
will see some examples of how XPath is used in practice. The workshop will include a shortdemonstration of XSLT XQuery, and participants will get to look at how XPath is used asa basis for transforming documents. While the workshop will not cover how to write XSLTor XQuery, which are used to transform and process XML documents, you should leave
with a good grasp of how XPath is utilized in these contexts and the workshop will prepare
you for more advanced work in writing these kinds of programs.
This half-day workshop will consist of:
1. Introduction, setup, and basics of XPath vocabulary (~1 hour)a.
Set up: (check oXygen installations, load files)b.
Understanding XPath expressions:i. Navigation: XPath Axes
ii. Path Stepsiii. XML Node types
2. Introduction to XPath syntax (~1 hour)a.
Constructing XPath queriesb.
Refining your searches with predicate “filters”
c.
XPath functions (a selection)
3. Hands on practice writing XPath expressions (~1 hour)
4. Future directions (~1 hour)a.
Overview of some uses of XPath in the TEIb.
Testing TEI with XPath (demonstration of Schematron)c.
Transforming TEI with XPath (demonstration of XSLT)Participation and requirements
To participate in this workshop, attendees must bring their own laptops. Participants will
receive e-mail in advance of the workshop with information about installing the <oXygen/>
XML Editor and be provided an extended complimentary trial license key courtesy ofSyncroSoft. No other installation is necessary.

[Day 1 (Sun) Afternoon] Half-day Workshops

Introduction to TEI Encoding of Correspondence Meta
Data
Anne Baillot1, Stefan Dumont2, Sabine Seifert3, Peter Stadler4(Room A3)
Workshop description
The objective of this training workshop is to convey the encoding of correspondence withthe still rather new ‘correspDesc’ element. It will also present the derived Correspondence
1

Le Mans Université, France
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Germany
3
University of Potsdam, Germany
4
Paderborn University, Germany
2207[Day 1 (Sun)] Workshops

Meta Data Interchange Format (CMIF) for interconnecting letter collections. The aim of thisworkshop is twofold: 1) the dissemination of the encoding possibilities and 2) to get
feedback that may help to improve the current Guidelines (with regard to correspDesc) andwhich may result in best practice models of letter encoding.
Details
With the release 2.8.0 of the TEI Guidelines in 2015, several new elements were introduced
especially for the encoding of correspondence (letters, postcards, emails, etc.)(http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/HD.html#HD44CD). The workshop
will discuss those elements and how they can be applied to the participants’ own
correspondence collections. The focus will thus be on the meta data of correspondencematerial, separating the communicative, the material and the textual aspects which are to
be encoded within ‘correspDesc’, ‘sourceDesc’ and ‘profileDesc’, respectively.
Additionally, the Correspondence Meta Data Interchange Format (CMIF) will bepresented (https://github.com/TEI-Correspondence-SIG/CMIF). The CMIF is a constrained
TEI customization provided by the Correspondence SIG for facilitating interchange ofcorrespondence meta data which builds on authority controlled IDs (e.g. VIAF and
GeoNames) for identifying entities, and the W3C format for dates. This enables e. g. theweb service “correspSearch” (http://correspsearch.net/) to aggregate index listings ofvarious letter collections and to enable searching across those collections. This web
service also allows to record correspondence meta data in a CMIF file via the “CMIF
creator” (https://correspsearch.net/creator/).
Participants are welcome to bring correspondence materials they might beaware of or working on and that can serve as a basis for discussion and hands-on
encoding phases during the workshop. With these examples, we want to get feedback that
may help improve the current TEI Guidelines with regard to the encoding ofcorrespondence and that may result in more enhanced encoding examples(https://github.com/TEI-Correspondence-SIG/correspDesc) and best practice models.
References
Peter Stadler, Marcel Illetschko, and Sabine Seifert (2016), “Towards a Model for
Encoding Correspondence in the TEI: Developing and Implementing <correspDesc>”,
Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative [Online], Issue 9 | September 2016 - December
2017, Online since 24 September 2016, connection on 02 April 2018. URL:
http://journals.openedition.org/jtei/1433; DOI: 10.4000/jtei.1433
Stefan Dumont (2016), “correspSearch – Connecting Scholarly Editions of Letters”,
Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative [Online], Issue 10 | 2016, Online since 14 February
2018, connection on 02 April 2018. URL: http://journals.openedition.org/jtei/1742; DOI :10.4000/jtei.1742

Spoken Language: Tools and Workflow for Creating andEditing Data and Metadata
Carole Etienne1, Christophe Parisse2, Loïc Liégeois3(Room B2,3)
Most part of people working on oral corpora have to deal with both the choice of a set of
metadata clear enough to make their corpora reusable by a large community and the useof several transcription tools which require to develop specific software to make themworking together with no lack of information.
1

ICAR, France
Modyco/INSERM, France
3
LLF/CILLAC-ARPss, France
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Generally, scripts have been developed in the different teams matching only someneeds, working either on Windows, Mac, or Linux but rarely on more than one system,
delivering data in a dedicated format difficult to share, not really user-friendly, with no real
maintenance and evolution. In this workshop, we would like to present the two free andopen-source solutions we have developed inside IRCOM/CORLI and ORTLOLANG two
French infrastructures which are available for a large community:•
teiMeta is a tool for editing metadata in any XML (and TEI) file. Its goal is toallow editing or adding a common set of metadata to any file without
damaging the other data in the file. The software is based on an ODD file anda stylesheet, and TEI is generated automatically. So it is possible to create
as many versions of metadata editing as required for real applications.
teiMeta works inside a web browser, so it is multi-system compatible.
•
teiConvert is a tool for converting transcript file between different software(Transcriber, Clan, Praat or Elan) using a TEI pivot format. It can generate
data in TEI format but also csv, txt (Utf 8), docx, txt for TXM software or txt
for Trameur/Lexico software. teiConvert is written in Java, so it works on
many systems. An alternate web interface exists for people that do not want
to install Java and to use command line instructions.
After a presentation of teiMeta and teiConvert, we plan to organize a practical session
where we can work on some different examples of oral corpora of different types:
acquisition, sociolinguistic, phonetic, rare languages or interactions. The goal of theworkshop is to show how to obtain high quality data in TEI to be used for research
purposes, data sharing and preservation.
To make this practical time more efficient, people could send us in advancesome examples of their metadata and transcripts to work on their own data and findsolutions together. We can give some examples of different stylesheets or ODD files toadapt the tools to participant’s needs.
References
teiConvert: http://ct3.ortolang.fr/teiconvert
teiMeta: http://ct3.ortolang.fr/teimeta
Liégeois, L., Etienne, C., Parisse, C., Benzitoun, C., Chanard, C. (in press), “Using the
TEI as pivot format for oral and multimodal language corpora”. Journal of the Text
Encoding Initiative, 10, halshs-01357343.
Liégeois, L., Etienne, C., Benzitoun, C., Parisse, C. (2017). Vers un format pivot commun
pour la mutualisation, l'échange et l'analyse des corpus oraux, Floral, Orléans.
Parisse, C., Benzitoun, C., Etienne, C., Liégeois, L. (2017) Agrégation automatisée decorpus de français parlé. Journées de Linguistique de Corpus, Grenoble, France.

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[Day 2 (Mon) 16:45-19:00] Posters & Demonstration (Room A2,3,4)[Day 2 (Mon) 16:45-19:00] Posters & Demonstration (RoomA 2,3,4)

TEI Technical Infrastructure
Hugh Cayless1, James Cummings2, Martin Holmes3, Peter Stadler4,
Magdalena Turska5
The main goal of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) is the development of a standard for
encoding of textual phenomena and manifests itself in the TEI Guidelines and the derived(formal) schemata. For the production and maintenance of these Guidelines and its various
file formats, as well as for processing any kind of TEI document, a larger ecosystem oftools, methods, and technical service infrastructure have evolved around the TEI standard.
Since the most common serialization format for TEI documents is XML, a lot ofgeneric XML tools are employed, e.g., Apache ANT as a build tool, Saxon as XML
processor, and XSLT and XQuery as scripting and query languages. In fact, the mostprominent piece of software that the TEI Consortium produces are the TEI Stylesheets, a
set of XSL stylesheets that convert to and from TEI files. Supported import and export
formats include docx, markdown, HTML, PDF, and many more. But the TEI Stylesheets
not only convert ‘regular’ TEI documents but also TEI ODD customization files, acting as
an ODD processor to produce both documentation and schemata from an ODD
customization—again in various possible output formats.
The TEI stylesheets are at the core of most available TEI transformation services
including the OxGarage RESTful web service, the oXygen TEI frameworks, the MEI
Customization Service, and the TEI Jenkins continuous integration servers which test the
TEI build process. Other services aim at providing an online editor for TEI ODDcustomizations rely on the aforementioned OxGarage services to handle thesetransformations e.g., produce JSON serializations of the TEI specifications for their internal
data structures, and return schemata and documentation to the user.
The whole multitude of tools and services can best be understood by looking at
the TEI Git repositories that are hosted at GitHub under https://github.com/TEIC. The mostprominent are the TEI Guidelines and Stylesheets themselves, while CETEIcean is anotherrising star. CETEIcean is a pure CSS and Javascript renderer for TEI files which facilitates
not only the display, but also the online editing of TEI documents. It is a smart front end
library which can be used in one’s own project by simply including the needed javascript
and CSS files.
Most of the aforementioned tools depend on other services and software. It is
the aim of the poster to illustrate these dependencies and to give a thorough overview of
the tools and services (actively) maintained by the TEI Consortium. Such an overview
would help to distinguish the various tools and services for those members of the TEI
community, who find it hard to know what the relationships are between Roma, OxGarage,
the Stylesheets, and the Guidelines. While the more tech savvy members would hopefully
appreciate these insights for installing and running these services on their own hardware.
Finally, the TEI Consortium itself would benefit from better documentation of their service
architecture and the feedback of their users gained by this poster.

1

Duke University, USA
Newcastle University, UK
3
University of Victoria, Canada
4
Paderborn University, Germany
5eXist Solutions, Germany
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TEI 2018@SameAs TEI? The Pitfalls and Perils of Creating Linked
Data from TEI-Encoded Resources
Constance Crompton1, Michelle Schwartz2
The renewed interest in the relationship between TEI and linked data (including the themeof this year’s JADH conference, and the revitalization of both ADHO’s LOD SIG and the
TEI’s Ontologies SIG) is a promising sign of our field’s engagement with linked data, andour readiness to join international efforts to produce and publish that data (Ciotti andTomasi; Huber et al.; Pattuelli et al.; Lehmann et al.; Shadbolt et al.; Hellmann et al).
Currently, however, linked data only makes up 1% of the web (Simpson and Brown), very
little of it coming from meticulously created and often peer-reviewed TEI-encoded data.
We propose a poster presentation introducing our decision tree for mapping TEI
elements onto a number of existing ontologies. Our method for determining the meaningof any particular TEI element is twofold: first by reference to its definition and examples in
the TEI Guidelines, and second, from its local use in one of our sample datasets, drawn
from a number of long-standing TEI-encoded projects. Our current sample TEI-based data
sets represent 45,000 entities including manuscripts, books, periodicals, biographies, art
works, legislation, places, and events. The data spans four hundred years, two regions,five religions, and three languages, all with particular historical-contextual specificity.
While our goal is to map all elements onto the SKOS, Schema.org, DBPedia ontology, DC,
FRBRoo, BIBO, CIDOC-CRM, FOAF, CWRC, Open Annotation, GeoNames, or W3C
Provenance ontologies, the process is far from a straightforward one-to-one mapping. We
are especially interested in the poster format, as we are keen to solicit feedback from peerson the balance between granularity and generality in the representation of TEI-based
information as linked data. We would be glad of the opportunity not only to meet with
Ontologies and Tools SIGs, but also to ask other conference goers, where appropriate andif they are interested, to share snippets of their TEI, in order to broaden our understandingof the diversity of local TEI use.
References
Ciotti, Fabio, and Francesca Tomasi (2016) “Formal Ontologies, Linked Data, and TEI
Semantics.” Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, no. Issue 9, jtei.revues.org,
doi:10.4000/jtei.1480.
Hellmann, Sebastian, et al. (2014) “Knowledge Base Creation, Enrichment and Repair.”Linked Open Data-Creating Knowledge Out of Interlinked Data, edited by Sören Aueret al., Springer International Publishing, pp. 45–69.
Huber, Jakob, et al.(2014) “LODE: Linking Digital Humanities Content to the Web of Data.”
IEEE/ACM Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, http://arxiv.org/abs/1406.0216.
Lehmann, Jens, et al. (2012) “DBpedia - A Large-Scale, Multilingual Knowledge Base
Extracted from Wikipedia.” Semantic Web Journal, vol. 1, no. 5, pp. 1–29.
Pattuelli, M.Cristina, et al. (2013) “Crafting Linked Open Data for Cultural Heritage:
Mapping and Curation Tools for the Linked Jazz Project.” The Code4Lib Journal, no.
21, Code4Lib Journal, http://journal.code4lib.org/articles/8670.
Shadbolt, N., et al. (2012) “Linked Open Government Data: Lessons from Data.gov.uk.”
IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 16–24. IEEE Xplore,
doi:10.1109/MIS.2012.23.
Simpson, John, and Susan Brown (2014) “Inference and Linking of the Humanist’s
Semantic Web.” Implementing New Knowledge Environments.

1
2

University of Ottawa, Canada
Ryerson University, Canada

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[Day 2 (Mon) 16:45-19:00] Posters & Demonstration (Room A2,3,4)

What to Do with All the Witnesses? Challenges of a Multiwitness Iterative Digital Edition of John Denham’s
Coopers Hill
James Cummings1, Tiago Sousa Garci1
The digital edition of John Denham’s Coopers Hill is trying a different approach to digitalscholarly editing. It is collating the vast majority of known copies of the seventeenthcentury poem (132 out of 149), and has created an infrastructure for the addition of theremaining witnesses in the future. Given the availability of digital surrogates, an initial
version is being produced in a short period, with further witnesses being progressively
added over time, dynamically altering the composition of the edition.
From an encoding point of view, the challenges behind this approach are
twofold: how to manage -- that is, sensibly and rigorously encode while maintaining
readability and modulary -- the large number of witnesses, and how to allow for the
progressive addition of new witnesses without reconfiguring the entirety of the edition’s
TEI data model?
This poster will set out the challenges and solutions proposed for thesequestions, as well as the rationale behind them. The first challenge has implications forboth editor and reader: the additional data has the potential to decisively transform theeditorial work, but its volume makes traditional editorial methods impractical, making it aperfect candidate for computer-aided editorial work; for a reader, the challenge is in how
to present the information intelligibly and concisely. The second challenge hinges on thefirst: the digital edition needs to allow for the progressive addition of new witnesses thatmight influence the editorial work without undermining the organisation of the edition itself.
The challenges of Coopers Hill make it a perfect candidate for a stand-off markup
approach, a much underutilised approach in digital scholarly editing, and this poster willserve as a case study for its advantages as a model for a multi-witness, iterative digital
edition.
Keywords
digital editing, standoff markup, multi-witness, iterative development

A Markdown Approach for the Diffusion of TEI Usage inClassical Japanese Studies
Yuta Hashimoto2
Classical Japanese texts have various kinds of special notations that cannot be expressedin plain text such as ruby, warigaki, okuriten, kaeriten, and so on. However, it is still rare forscholars of Japanese studies to use TEI encoding to digitize classical Japanese texts,
partly because there are only few scholars, librarians, and archivists familiar both withclassical Japanese and XML syntax, and partly because paper-based academic publishingis still dominant in Japanese studies.
The ideal approach to promote the usage of TEI in Japanese studies is toorganize large-scale training programs to teach XML syntax and TEI encoding, which will
however take much time and labor. Another promising approach is to develop a mini
language with a simple grammar that is easy to learn for those without knowledge on XML
and can be automatically converted into XML and TEI. One example of such a language is1

Newcastle University, UK
National Museum of Japanese History, Japan
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Markdown1, a light weight markup language with plain text formatting syntax, which was
originally designed as an easy-to-write format to generate HTML.
Based on this idea, the author designed a mini language to encode classicalJapanese texts in a simple way and has been developing a parser for the language whichscans a source text, performs tokenization and lexical analysis on it, builds an Abstract
Syntax Tree (AST), and generates a XML snippet that can be embedded in TEI documents.
In this poster, the author will demonstrate his mini language and its parser program,showing how they makes it easy to encode classical Japanese texts.

Attempts to Describe Japanese Manuscripts
Hiroyuki Ikuura2
1. Introduction
In describing bibliographic information of classical texts, it is expected to use abibliographic format that has high flexibility to allow documenting of various characteristicsof the material as fully as possible. On the other hand, the bibliographic systems available
today are being expected to interoperate as extensively as possible. Text Encoding
Initiative guidelines are well-known to address both of these needs. This study discusses
the way in which TEI guidelines can be adapted to the bibliographic information ofJapanese classical texts, using the Toganoo Collection held by UCLA Library as a casestudy.
2. Materials used for the study
Consisting of classical and modern texts, the Toganoo Collection had held by Taganoo
Shōun (1881-1953), a great scholar of Buddhism who served as president and chief
librarian of Kōyasan University. The collection contains total 342 titles in 968 volumes and2 scrolls. The purchase of this collection was initiated by Ashikaga Enshō, the 2nd chair of
the Oriental Department of UCLA, in 1962-1963. In support of a growing interest in areastudies in the US universities in the late half of 20th century when Japanese collections
were among others that began to build in the libraries. UCLA Oriental Department (nowAsian Languages and Cultures Department) needed to build a collection of Buddhist books
to support its newly established course in Buddhism. The collection is one among thoseJapanese collections outside Japan that wait to be uncovered with detailed bibliographic
information. It contains texts relevant to the historical studies of temples in Japan.
It is a collection of Buddhist texts that belong to a different genre among otherpre-modern texts of Japan like Japanese literature. As such that this collection is selected
as an appropriate resource to examine the applicability of TEI and identity specific issues
in markup. Toganoo collection were selected during their research on Japanese premodern materials held by UCLA Library in the 1990s. However the bibliography omits
detailed information including that of ownership such as signatures on the cover andcollectors’ seals that indicate the ownership history before they came into Shōun’s
possession.
3. Two preceding studies
We have a preceding case study which analyzes the application of TEI method of
bibliographic description of Japanese classical texts. Kazushi Ohya “Unit-based Scheme
Connection Between TEI and Original Scheme To Promote Data Sharing Beyond Cultual
Diversities” (TEI conference 2014) points out TEI elements correspond inadequately to
Japanese classical texts. The author concludes the structural difference between the twosystems does not allow the adaption of TEI but suggests the use of TEI scheme as areference to build a descriptive structure based on the current card data. It is reasonable1
2

John Gruber, Markdown, https://daringfireball.net/projects/markdown/.
Waseda University, Japan

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to suggest an automatic conversion of data from the bibliographic cards into the TEI
structure as much as possible without altering the present structure of the cards becausemuch of the card data has been already digitized.
The University of Cambridge Library’s digital library uses TEI for the bibliographic
description of classical text images including those of East Asian and allows online
searching as well as downloading of the TEI files. This includes a record described withTEI markup by their Japanese librarian and a record of digital images created by
Ritsumeikan University through their recent project. The detailed and structured
bibliographic information including the history of ownership of these records allows
searching of specific characteristics of an item. Downloaded TEI files can be used formachine processing, too. It has not been however verified whether these records
addresses the structural differences pointed out in the study aforementioned.

4. Issues in the Markup of Japanese Classical Texts
The common problem in describing bibliographic information of Japanese classical texts
in TEI is there is only one element that may correspond to multiple conventional
bibliographic entries. This is above all immediately pointed out in the previous study, whichattempted to match TEI elements against data entries of a bibliographic data card. Titles
in Japanese classical texts appear in various places and combinations. As such that theelement <title> alone is insufficient to describe them. Some lack naidai(caption title), others
have the cover replaced after the completion of the text. Some works have multiple titles.
In case of hanpon(published prints, mainly woodblock printing), they may have their titles
in mikaeshi (verso of the cover), tobira(page after the cover page or title page), jo(preface),mokuroku(table of contents), hanshin(folding edge of the pouched leaves), etc. Adding
attributes to the <title> element allows to describe multiple title entries. A specific attributeof a title may be described within “” of <title type= “”>. In this study, several attributes
are created such as <title type= “cover”> for gedai(a title written on the front cover or on apiece of paper), <title type= “caption”> for naidai, <title type= “alt”> for alternative titles.
A cover contains various critical information for Japanese classical texts such as
the location of the title, color, design, and material of the cover. We can use attributes to
describe these as in <bindingDesc><binding><decoNote type= “”>.
Certain elements however allow no attributes. For example, the element<layoutDesc> contains no more than <layout> nor does it allow attributes by type= “” todescribe layout information such as keikaisen(ruled lines on pages), jikō(the length of thefirst line of the text), and kyōkaku(frame of print, a frame that surrounds the body of text ineach page).
A TEI markup file is considered to describe one classical text. This poses a
problem in cases where multiple works are copied (gassha) in a text/book or multiple texts
are bound into one text/book form (gattetsu).
5. Conclusion
Images open to public online without even basic textual bibliographic information requirecaution as research resource. As digital images become more available in large amounts,
textual bibliographic information becomes more critical to support them. We need toensure a flexible and interoperable bibliographic description system to accommodate thisexpansion of digital images. We have thus discussed enough TEI elements applicable to
Japanese classical texts. There may still remain other elements useful to describe them.
As such that we are aware of a need to further examine to expand applicable TEI elements.

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TEI 2018quoteSalute: Integrate <salute> in Your Own
Correspondence
Oliver Pohl1, Stefan Dumont1, Lou Klappenbach1, Marvin Kullick1, Frederike
Neuber1, Luisa Philipp1
quoteSalute 2 , 3 strives to make data of digital scholarly editions of letters (DSELs)
accessible in a playful fashion by enabling users to integrate salutations from DSELs intheir own email correspondence. At the moment quoteSalute aggregates around 750
salutations from various sources including salutations by the German scholar Wilhelm von
Humboldt, the romantic writer Jean Paul, the female writer and countess Erdmuthe
Benigna von Reuß-Ebersdorf and many more.
Nowadays people often close their letters and emails using uninspired phrases
like “Kind regards” or “Best”. However, data in DSELs show that this has not always been
the case. In the past, adding a personal salutation to your own correspondence was very
common. From a scholarly stance, salutations provide important insight about therelationship between the writers of a correspondence.
The foundation of quoteSalute is a curated TEI-XML text corpus which has beencreated by extracting <salute>-tags4 from TEI-XML-encoded DSELs. For providing users
with fitting salutations, we annotated the data adding the language of each entry, theintended gender of both sender and receiver, and whether the salutations should be usedin formal situations or rather colloquially.
When visiting the project page, users are presented with a random salutation.
They can then copy the salutations and paste it into their own emails. Additionally, aThunderbird extension5 is already in development.
quoteSalute demonstrates how the editorial work on DSELs can be integrated
into everyday emailing. Furthermore, if the application is used more widely, the editions
themselves are likely to enjoy greater recognition beyond the boundaries of the humanities,
as each quotation links to the letter of the respective edition. In the context of the TEIcommunity, we hope to encourage other projects to use the <salute>-tag moreconsequently as well as to add their own salutations to the quoteSalute-corpus678.

1

Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Germany
quoteSalute: Inspiring greetings for your correspondence. 19th April 2018.
https://correspsearch.net/quotesalute/index.xql
3
GitHub-Repository quoteSalute. 19th April 2018. https://github.com/telota/quoteSalute4
TEI element salute (salutation). Version 3.3.0, 31st January 2018.
http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/de/html/ref-salute.html
5GitHub-Repository quoteSalute_xpi (Thunderbird extension). 19th April 2018.
https://github.com/telota/quotesalute_xpi
6quoteSalute documentation (currently only in German). 19th April 2018.
https://correspsearch.net/quotesalute/index.xql?id=doc&l=de7quoteSalute contributor templates. 19th April 2018.
https://github.com/telota/quoteSalute/blob/master/doc/template.xml
8
quoteSalte example transformations for contributors. 19th April 2018.
https://github.com/telota/quoteSalute/tree/master/doc/xslt-examples
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2

[Day 2 (Mon) 16:45-19:00] Posters & Demonstration (Room A2,3,4)

The Standardization Survival Kit: Make your Arts andHumanities Research Go Standard - TEI Inside!
Marie Pure1, Charles Riondet1, Laurent Romary1, Dorian Seillier1, Lionel
Tadjou1
The Arts and Humanities research community has to address new challenges raised by
the increasing amount of digital sources, contents and tools. Digital infrastructure project,such as PARTHENOS 2 (in close collaboration with the CLARIN and DARIAH
infrastructures), aim at supporting this turn by offering innovative solutions to connect
digital tools and contents to Arts and Humanities researchers’ needs. One of thesesolutions is the Standardization Survival Kit (“SSK”), a platform to help humanities scholars
understand the crucial role that proper data modelling and standards have to play inmaking digital contents sustainable, interoperable and reusable.
The SSK is an overlay platform promoting a wider use of standards within Artsand Humanities. It aims at providing documentation and resources concerning standards.
The interdisciplinary nature of the TEI obviously makes it a central reference source forseveral research scenarios described in the platform.
Moreover, we went one step further to be consistent with our principles down to
the details. We used the TEI as the actual SSK underlying data model for describing allparameterisable content, adopting and customizing the <event> element. The
Standardization survival kit data is a collection of TEI files representing research processes,that we call scenarios, divided in steps. We considered that such a process, a mixture ofintellectual and concrete actions forming a methodological sequence, could be
represented as a series of events. A scenario is a list of events (<listEvent>) and the steps
are events (<event>). To maximize the reuse and the customization of the scenarios, thescenarios and the steps are represented in separate files (see here a scenario file and herea step file, available in GitHub), connected by pointers. Inside events, bibliographicalresources are referenced in <ref> elements, put together in a <linkGrp>, pointing to a
Zotero database.
The SSK beta version can be browsed here:
https://sskapplication.parthenos.d4science.org/ssk/#/

Semantic Minimal Retrospective Digitization of Edited
Correspondence
Klaus Rettinghaus3
Correspondence is in general an essential key to research in many aspects. That is whyaround the world so much effort goes into editing corpora of letters. A problem is that mostof the available edited correspondence is still imprisoned between cover boards and thus
may stay hidden for the researchers area of interest.
But a full retrospective digitization is time-consuming and expensive, and fornewer publications even prohibited by copyright laws.
The pure metadata for the edited correspondence however is not direct subject
to copyright restrictions. And with the relatively new elements for correspondence
description, which were introduced in the version 2.8.0 of the TEI Guidelines in April 2015,
it is easily possible to encode this correspondence metadata in a structured and1

Inria, France
https://cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/194932_en.html
3
Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, Germany
216
2

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standardized TEI file, which then can be used to make this data interchangeable and thus
easily searchable with other services like correspSearch.net.
The poster will discuss the mentioned possible problems in retrospective
digitization in general, propose possible work flows and tools for the creation of a so-called
semantic minimal retrospective digitization, and the overall benefit of open sourced
correspondence metadata.

The Digital Scholarly Edition of Andreas Okopenko’s
Diaries – Showcases and Research Questions
Laura Tezarek1
The estate of the Austrian neo-avant-garde writer Andreas Okopenko (1930–2010) is acomprehensive collection of diary notations, typescripts, notes, correspondence and otherdocuments and was acquired by the Austrian National Library in 2012. Regarding textgenetical, poetological, (literary) historical and sociological aspects, the diaries are the coreof Okopenko’s estate.
Throughout his life, Okopenko, a pioneer in hyper-text literature, turned out to bea reserved but rigorous observer of the literary scene in post-war Austria. Up to now, little
attention has been devoted to the impact he had on Austrian “experimental” literatureduring the early 1950s, where he assembled Vienna’s most important progressive writers
and can be considered a “node” in the network of the early Austrian neo-avant-garde.
Therefore, the diaries in particular will provide a new perspective on the formation and the
local value of Austrian Literature. Okopenko’s perceptions and awareness of his own
historical context make him a distinguished “archaeologist”, “archivist” and “chronicler” of
his time. As such, the estate is an impressive individualistic testimony of contemporary
Austrian history.
The digital scholarly edition of Andreas Okopenko’s diaries will be published in2018 via the new edition platform of the Austrian National Library. A close collaboration
between the Department of German Studies of the University of Vienna and the Literary
Archives of the Austrian National Library guarantees an optimal valorisation of the estate
and the adherence to standards in digital scholarly editing (using TEI).
This poster will present a selection of exemplary showcases of this digitalscholarly edition, including spatial-temporal relations of data and source collections(DARIAH Geo-Browser) and their correlations as well as network analyses in regard toAustrian avant-garde literature circles.

“Coffee” and Other Coding Challenges: Lessons Learned
through David Livingstone’s Manuscripts in South Africa(1843-1872)
Mary Borgo Ton2
This poster describes the efforts of Livingstone Online’s global team to develop a TEIencoded critical edition of Dr. David Livingstone’s manuscripts in South African
repositories (http://livingstoneonline.org/in-his-own-words/livingstone-s-manuscripts-insouth-africa-1843-1872). For this new project, the team applied the TEI guidelines used inprevious facets of Livingstone Online and developed over a 10-year period, including
Livingstone’s Final Manuscripts (1865-73) as well as multispectral critical editions of the1870 and 1871 Field Diaries. The edition of Livingstone’s Manuscripts in South Africa,
1
2

University of Vienna, Austria
Indiana University, USA

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[Day 2 (Mon) 16:45-19:00] Posters & Demonstration (Room A2,3,4)

published in February 2018, reflects a shift in Livingstone Online’s focus from its early
emphasis on on Livingstone’s place within western medical discourse to its efforts toforeground the African physical and social ecosystems that shaped David Livingstone’s
Victorian-era travels. Working with archival documents from African collections challenged
us to rethink our coding practices, particularly the was that we use the element “term” andattribute “type,” to take account of on-the-ground realities of African ethnic groups,
organizations, occupations, plants, and foodstuffs. Livingstone’s references to “coffee”,
for example, challenged the assumptions that we were making about the relationshipbetween plants and the place where Livingstone writes about them, for he requested
coffee grown in Mozambique to enjoy as he traveled throughout southern Africa. Our
coding choices for terms like coffee reflect the difficulties of representing nineteenthcentury African ecosystems, trade networks, and cultures, particularly since many
individuals that Livingstone encountered in Africa where themselves not local residents but
from other African regions, the Arabian Peninsula, or India. As Livingstone Online develops
closer ties with African scholars, archivists, and institutions, we are eager to revise ourcoding practices to further foreground Livingstone’s African contexts and to better
represent the fluidity of nineteenth-century African cultures and material realities.

Towards a Rich Interface for ODD Customization: The
New JavaScript Version of Roma
Raffaele Viglianti1, TEI Technical Council
The TEI module for writing or customizing an XML markup language (the “tagdocs” moduleof chapter 22, “Documentation Elements”), and moreover a file defining or customizing an
XML language using these elements, is typically referred to as One-Document-Does-it-all
or ODD. Although ODD is a part of the TEI that is explicitly not about the encoding of
humanities source material, it is an essential part of the lifecycle of many TEI projects andof the TEI itself. The procedural nature of these elements makes it possible to develop
form-based user interfaces to generate ODD; indeed, the current tool for customizing the
TEI schema, Roma (http://www.tei-c.org/Roma/), is widely used by the TEI community togenerate project-specific schemata. Roma, however, does not fully reflect the possibilitiesof the ODD subset of elements, and has been afflicted by a number of bugs and issues,
many of which remain unresolved and are too complex to be fixed by the TEI TechnicalCouncil.
The TEI Technical Council has opted to create a replacement for Roma fromscratch, using modern web technologies, expanding the number of features supported,and focusing on user interface. This effort is led by council member Raffaele Viglianti, whois developing a web application (temporarily named “RomaJS”) using the popular frontend libraries React and Redux. The full council provides regular feedback on botharchitectural decisions and the user interface. Just like the current version of Roma, thisnew version relies on the TEI Stylesheets to perform ODD transformations, including from
ODD to XML schema formats. To perform these transformations, RomaJS interacts with
OxGarage (http://www.tei-c.org/oxgarage/), an on-line service for TEI transformations.
This poster will introduce motivations for developing RomaJS, describe its
architecture, and demo its features.

1

University of Maryland, USA
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TEI 2018

Gaiji from Cradle to Grave: Encoding Traceable Identityof Characters in TEIWANG Yifan1
Ideally, in TEI, which assumes a comprehensive character set, digitally unavailable
characters are considered sporadic and/or exceptional. However, despite the active andcontinuous work on standardization of unencoded Han (Chinese) characters into Unicode
and UCS, the queue of characters awaiting encoding will not likely to be cleared up in theforeseeable future. It means that reference to non-standardized characters (gaiji) is goingto remain as an almost inevitable operation when conducting digitalization of an East Asian,especially pre-Modern, document using TEI. Such large-scale text database usuallycontains a proportional size of gaiji stock, most of which are expected to be migrated tothe standard over time, gradually, but unevenly: “due to the way Unicode has been defined”(TEI P5 Guidelines), encoding proposals would have various outcomes—from assignment
to a single code point, to rejection from inclusion—often in unintended form andindeterminate period for their proposers.
Since a considerable number of gaiji have a rather fluid station as standardization
candidate, ensuring their diachronic traceability—making their history and current status
in standardization process available—would be informative to human users andapplication software, contribute to long-term stability and usefulness of digital editions
with gaiji module, and augment TEI feasibility towards East Asian documents thatencourages TEI usage in this region.
In this presentation, we would like to discuss method and implementation whichenable to provide character information related to standardization as metadata in the way
capable to be incorporated into TEI framework, as an extension to gaiji module. It willencompass basic concepts regarding standardization process and possible solutions onelement structure, description, synchronization, glyph identity, character relevance andother aspects.

[Demo] CSV2CMI – A Tool for Creating a
Correspondence Metadata Interchange Format File
Klaus Rettinghaus2
With the relatively new elements for correspondence description, which were introducedin the version 2.8.0 of the TEI Guidelines in April 2015, it is now easily possible to encode
correspondence metadata in a structured and standardized file. Hand coding whatsoever
can be a bit of a hassle, especially with bigger corpora. CSV2CMI allows you to enter yourmetadata conveniently in a table, and transform it into a TEI file that complies with the CMIFormat, which then can be used to make your data interchangeable and thus easily
searchable with other services like correspSearch.net.
This means a great deal when it comes to letter corpora that have been published in the
pre-TEI era or in making scholarly correspondence data more accessible.
The demonstration will present the scope of the tool, show examples where it
has been used so far, and discuss future prospects.
The Tool is available on GitHub (https://github.com/saw-leipzig/csv2cmi).

1
2

The University of Tokyo / International Institute for Digital Humanities, Japan
Saxon Academy of Sciences in Leipzig, Germany

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[Day 3 (Tue) Morning] SIG Sessions[Day 3 (Tue) Morning] SIG Sessions
9:00-12:15 (Half-day)[Room A3] Ontologies (Constance Crompton)[Room A4] East Asian/ Japanese (A. Charles Muller, Kiyonori
Nagasaki, Satoru Nakamura, Kazuhiro Okada)

9:00-10:30[Room B1] Indic Texts(Patrick McAllister)[Room B2,3] SIG Correspondence (Sabine Seifert)

10:45-12:15[Room A2] Manuscripts SIG (Gerrit Brüning)[Room B1] Text & Graphics SIG (Martin de al Iglesia)[Boom B2,3] TEI for Linguists (Piotr Banski, Andreas Witt)

9:00-10:30

10:45-12:15

A2(JADH Session)

Manuscripts SIG (Gerrit Brüning)

A3

Ontologies (Constance Crompton)

A4

East Asian / Japanese (A. Charles Muller, Kiyonori Nagasaki, Satoru Nakamura,
Kazuhiro Okada)

B1

Indic Texts (Patrick McAllister)

B2,3

SIG
Correspondence
Seifert)220

Text & Graphics SIG (Martin de al Iglesia)(Sabine TEI for Linguists (Piotr Banski, Andreas
Witt)TEI 2018[Day 3 (Tue) 13:45-15:15] LP Session I (Room A3)
Digital Archives

Encoding for Black Lives: Affordances and Challenges of
TEI for Liberatory Archives
Jessica H. Lu1, Raffaele Viglianti1
As more people live their lives online, demand for open access to historical documents
and archives has increased. Text encoding provides one avenue toward digitization,
especially as it allows us to embed interpretation into digital surrogates and build digitalprojects for public audiences. However, these opportunities also highlight questions about
how TEI provides for the ever-shifting needs of diverse communities around the world.
In the U.S., African Americans are increasingly reliant upon digital spaces topreserve and share material that defies institutional archives; challenges problematic
accounts of Black life; and pursues economic, social, and political liberation for Black
people. Both The People’s Archive of Police Violence in Cleveland and the Anti-Eviction
Mapping Project serve as exemplars committed to creating and holding space for Black
people whose lives have been systematically erased, silenced, or taken. This paper
presents a corpus of contemporary American discourse about Black freedom as a meansof discussing the affordances and challenges of TEI as a viable tool not for simply creating
and maintaining digital archives, but for advancing projects that can uphold those same
principles of justice and liberation. Particular TEI elements (even seemingly innocuous ones
such as respStmt, profileDesc, pubPlace, persName, and personGrp) can be leveraged toembed and practice critical Black thought—theorizing by such preeminent scholars as
Saidiya Hartman, Katherine McKittrick, Simone Browne, Achille Mbembe, and Christina
Sharpe—within scholarly markup. Thus, we can use TEI not merely to encode and model
original material, but to purposefully amplify perspectives of imperiled people, analyze
texts in new ways, and exercise greater care in the representation of texts and thecommunities who produce them. Thinking beyond form and description, however, requires
deliberate attention to the ways in which Black people are described as less than humanor as non-persons; are silenced in dominant narratives; and are constantly (re)inventing
and innovating language practices. These realities present exciting possibilities for those
who utilize TEI markup to build liberatory archives, and those who engage with them.
Ultimately, this paper proposes a potentially productive relationship between TEI andBlack digital work, and further suggests that TEI’s role in the movement towards digitalpreservation hinges upon encoders’ attention to human needs as well as scholarly aims.
TEI’s future as a global language relies upon its ability to evolve in conversation with thecomplex cultures and histories of communities around the world.

1

University of Maryland, USA

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[Day 3 (Tue) 13:45-15:15] LP Session I (Room A3)

REED:London and CWRC: The Digital Ecology of theRecords of Early English Drama Project Integrating with
Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory
James Cummings1, Diane Jakacki2, Susan Brown3, Kimberley Martin3,
Carolyn Black4
The Records of Early English Drama (REED http://reed.utoronto.ca/) project over the last
forty years has worked to locate, transcribe, and edit historical documents containing
evidence of drama, secular music, and other communal entertainment and ceremony from
the Middle Ages until 1642, when the Puritans closed the London theatres. Along withtwenty-seven collections of records in print, the REED project is now publishing its newcollections as freely available digital resources for research and education. At time ofwriting two new collections, marked up in TEI, have been published in digital form withseveral more on the way (see http://ereed.library.utoronto.ca/). The REED project hascreated a TEI ODD customization constraining the overall TEI scheme and enforcing
project-specific rules as part of its new workflow. As new collections are released, existing
digital materials are being integrated into this system. As part of a Mellon-funded project
REED:London is undertaking TEI encoding of specific legacy print collections andintegrating these and REED’s named-entity references with the ontology and infrastructure
provided by the Canadian Writing Research Collaboratory (CWRC see http://cwrc.ca/ andhttp://beta.cwrc.ca/reed). The REED:London project in its collaboration with CWRC isbuilding a stable, extensible publication and editing environment that leverages therichness of the TEI source documents and integrates and expands the CWRC ontology,
while supporting existing REED editors. This paper discusses how the TEI ODDcustomization fits into the REED workflow, the storage of named entity metadata, and thecollaboration with CWRC as part of the REED:London project as an example of how asystem of remediating information from manuscript into print can in turn be remediatedthrough TEI into a new information ecology that unleashes the potential of interlinking
within and beyond the REED project itself.

Bibliotheques françoises as a Virtual Workshop for the
Literary History of Early Modern France
Toshinori Uetani5, Guillaume Porte6, Mathieu Duboc5, Sandrine Breuil5
The Bibliothèques Virtuelles Humanistes (BVH: http://www.bvh.univ-tours.fr/) is a project
run since 2002 by a research team founded by Marie-Luce Demonet in the Centre d’Études
Supérieures de la Renaissance (CESR: the University of Tours and the CNRS, France) andnow directed by Chiara Lastraioli. The BVH has been developing the Bibliothequesfrançoises project since 2015: a digital edition in XML-TEI and a data base of the first
dictionaries of French authors, Bibliotheques of La Croix du Maine (Paris, 1584) and of Du
Verdier (Lyon, 1585). Since the last TEI meeting (Vienna, September 2016), text and biobibliographical data base of the authors whose first name begins with letters A, B and C,
of La Croix du Maine, are available in a beta version (http://bibfr.bvh.univ-tours.fr/). In this1

Newcastle University, UK
Bucknell University, USA
3
University of Guelph, Canada
4
University of Toronto, Canada
5
Centre d'études supérieures de la Renaissance (Université de Tours / CNRS, UMR 7323),
France6
Université de Strasbourg, France
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2

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first phase, biographical data is linked to online references like viaf or data.bnf.fr., andbibliographical data to USTC (Universal Short Title Catalog, University of St Andrews)
recordings, so that web users can even read digitized copies of some items online.
More than a hundred surviving copies of the Bibliotheques contain in themhandwritten notes by their previous owners. One such edition recalls the memories ofauthors of the owner’s acquaintance. Others note additional bibliographical information in
the margin. Physical volumes of the Bibliotheques become thus a personal storage deviceof complementary data. Studied together, these additional notes constitute an importantsource of information on the Republic of Letters of Early Modern France. In a sense, the
XVIIIth century collective edition of two Bibliotheques by Rigoley de Juvigny (Paris, 17721773) is an incarnation of these collaborative efforts for French literary history.
While the indexation of bio-bibliographical data of both Bibliotheques continues(books of author’s initials A to H are now available), the second phase of this project aims
to develop its encoding model for integration of layers of these manuscript annotations
with their proper metadata, so as to show the collective efforts for information on French
Renaissance authors, their networks and communities. For each entry of the Bibliotheques,
a new system has to manage notes from dozens or hundreds of different copies and toenable modern researchers to comment them so as to create an open collaborative spaceof Literary History of Early Modern France.

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[Day 3 (Tue) 13:45-15:15] SP Session I (Room A4)[Day 3 (Tue) 13:45-15:15] SP Session I (Room A4)

The Italian Reception of the English Novel: A Digital
Enquiry on Eighteenth Century Literary
Andrea Penso1
This short paper aims at showing the first results of the ongoing collaborative research
project The reception of the English novel in the Italian literary press between 1700 and
1830: a transcultural enquiry into the early shaping of the modern Italian literary and cultural
identity. The project, conducted between the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB, Belgium) andthe University of Guelph (Canada) investigates the reception of English novels in the Italian
literary press during the Long Eighteenth Century (1700-1830). The analysis focuses on an
existing corpus of data relative to the publication, dissemination, translations, criticalreviews, and editorial advertisements of English novels in Italian literary newspapers andjournals of the time. The main purpose of the project is to uncover how the English novels
were introduced to the Italian readership through literary journalism with the application of
Digital Humanities methodologies of investigation. One of the project goals is in fact tocreate a methodological paradigm that may be extended to the study of the reception ofEnglish novels in the literary journalism of other national traditions. The present paper
therefore has three primary objects:a) To show for the first time to the public the first research output: an open access,bilingual, and annotated digital repository, which consists of a Drupal-based software forcorpora, and represents an immediate way to develop the research. The first step of the
project has been the cataloguing, analysis, and digitization of the corpus of reviews. This
preliminarily created digital database allows the subsequent computational, textual andcritical surveys.
b) To illustrate the two main lines of approach that will be applied in order todigitally explore the corpus. The first consists of a stylistic and linguistic analysis of thereviews, which will be pursued equalizing and comparing stylistic and lexical constellations
belonging to different discursive practices from a number of periodicals and journalist.
Digital stylometry, word frequency and statistical analyses tools such as R, MiniTab andIntelligent Archive will be used during this phase. The study of the readers’ response to thecontents, spread by the novels via the reviews, is deeply connected to the stylistic analysisof the reviews. In fact, the outlining of the reviews’ stylistic features is crucial tounderstanding in which ways the contents were revealed to the public, and how theaudience was influenced in the perception of the moral values and the social messages of
the novels. The second line of approach will concern the spatial analysis of the data, which
will be mapped thanks to GIS (Geographical Information System) digital tools integrated
with Geo-criticism. The analysis spatial analysis allows the visualization of popular reading
trends in 18th and early 19th century Italy.
c) To show the applications of the TEI to the analysis of the corpus. The text
encoding of the reviews, conducted following the TEI standards, makes possible – among
other things – to identify the original and innovative elements of those Italian reviews thatwere based extensively upon foreign reviews. My paper will focus on this specific aspect:in fact, the encoding of the reviews allows to understand and visualise their “genealogicaldimension” (i.e. the comparative analysis of reviews that were taken from French or English
periodicals and made their way into the Italian press) and to explore the cultural specificityof the Italian journalistic practices. The ‘genealogical’ sources have already been identified,
and the comparison between the encoded versions will allow to understand the extent of
the influence French and English journalism had on the Italian press, and to outline the1

Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
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specific Italian input. The TEI will therefore make possible to focus on the re-interpretationsof Italian reviewers who drew on the Italian literary tradition but challenged its subjects,
genres and linguistic structures. Ultimately, the TEI will also be applied to integrate thestylometric analysis and the gathering of Geospatial information: the short presentation willallow me to show a case study and to explain how the mark-up process proves to be afundamental part of the methodology for the analysis of the corpus.

The Future of TEI and Events: The Case of a Register for
Early Modern SermonsThomas W Dabbs1
This short paper is a continuation of a talk delivered at the DH2017 conference at McGill
University in Montreal entitled ‘The Extended Language of Religious Reform’. This paper
will focus on the problem of encoding TEI/XML for events rather than full texts. The same
work sample will be examined, a project to digitalize a register of sermons delivered during
the 16th and 17th centuries in London.
These sermons are largely non-extant, but by their titles and event markers track
the movement of English Reformation thought on the street, so to speak, and are an
ignored historical cluster that, properly digitalized, would help scholars to envision
precisely how radical religious ideas entered into a public space in London in the 16th
century. These ideas, drawn from inauspicious beginnings, then progressed beyond
London and England to power religious thought and political policy in the Americas andthroughout the globe.
Aside from a brief overview of this project, this talk will focus on TEI/XML andthe advantages or disadvantages that TEI might have as a platform beyond full text
encoding and into metadata and ontologies. Three simple questions with complex answers
will be considered: Is TEI currently a recommendable platform for a register of events? If
not, is TEI being developed in such a way that it can be the preferred language for digital
event platforms? Finally are such platforms as Schema.org, or Motools or LODE currently
better than TEI for use in developing event ontologies?

Oral Literatures and Oral Musics: Their Analyzes andInterpretations Developed through the Use of TEI andMEI Encodings
Sylvaine Leblond Martin2, Henri Hudrisier3, Mokhtar Ben Henda4
The digital encoding standards TEI and MEI (Music Encoding Initiative) are representativeof new forms of language through their descriptive functions and formalizations,exhaustives, of the literary and musical texts, which consequently support a type oforiginal research combining interpretation and subtle analysis.
Concerning oral, literary and musical documents, this potential for adaptabilityof encoding is particularly useful. Indeed, writing and recording a literature or music of oral
tradition presupposes an implicit, prior, underlying but unformalized analysis. However,
TEI and MEI oblige the user to describe the various stages of the progression of his
decisions and thus to justify the choice of his interpretations. With regard to oral corpora,this type of explicit approach represents the advantage of constructing an analyticalthought that the very notion of improvisation, inherent to oral literatures and musics, tends
1

Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan
Maison des Sciences de l'Homme Paris Nord and Chaire Unesco ITEN "Innovation,
Transmission, Edition Numériques", France3
Membre de la Chaire Unesco ITEN, France
4
Université Bordeaux 3 - Montaigne, Membre de la Chaire Unesco ITEN, France
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to exclude: the musical improviser, and the literary storyteller, like magicians, never wish
to reveal their secrets and spontaneously are fleeing most analytical attempts.
However, despite the main feature of literatures and oral musics which is to exist
forcefully outside the traditional systems of writing, we now readily recognize thefundamental and efficient contribution of the writing and notation in the effort ofconserving this “intangible” heritage. Moreover, the digital encodings of those literary andmusical notations favor a work of comprehension of the texts thanks to the varied
possibilities of forms of analysis and interpretations, which are part of the operation of thedigital encodings.
This organization of digital standards not only reinforces the conservation actionof literary and musical corpora of oral tradition, but also allows a thorough research of themechanisms of conception and development at the base of these literary, musical,
cultural and artistic creations. Thus, these intelligent markup languages TEI and MEI can
express differences, such as those that exist between the joint actions of orality(transmission by voice) and aurality (listening by the ear) which establish two relations to
the individual that exist simultaneously in the action of literary and musical oraltransmission.

Nineteenth-Century Knowledge ProjectPeter Melville Logan1
This talk will discuss the progress of a three-year-old project to build an extensive, open,
digital collection for studying the structure of nineteenth-century knowledge by creating
usable text from historic editions of the Encyclopedia Britannica. Today, we readily
recognize a pervasive bias in the Eurocentrism of these entries, among other flaws. But at
the time, the Britannica editions were the most authoritative comprehensive representationin the English-speaking world of knowledge as a whole. Knowledge has changed not justsince that time but also during the publication of this material, from 1790-1911. This data
set documents those changes. The goal of this project is identify patterns in thetransformation of knowledge by mining the final data set. All of these works are available
on the web, but their textual data is too inaccurate for valid text mining. This project thus
creates the first accurate TEI edition of this valuable resource. The full corpus consists of
100,000 articles derived from 80,000 print pages. The TEI will be supplement withmetadata using Named Entity Recognition. The Metadata Research Center at Drexel
University will further enrich the data by adding subject metadata from both current andhistorical vocabularies, using an automated recognition program they developed. Whencomplete, all individual entries will be made freely available through the Oxford Text
Archive. It will be uploaded for other researchers in bulk form to the CORE Repository of
the Humanities Commons.
Project URL: https://tu-plogan.github.io/

Encoding the Graphic Elements in Picasso’s Poetry
Luis Meneses2, Enrique Mallen3
At the TEI 2017 conference, we discussed how Picasso’s complex poetry needed to beaddressed in the pedagogy and practice of the Text Encoding Initiative (Meneses andMallen 2017). In this abstract, we explore additional challenges pertaining to the encodingof graphic elements in Picasso’s poems. The combination of text and graphic elements is1

Temple University, USA
University of Victoria, Canada
3
Sam Houston State University, USA
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reminiscent of Picasso’s collages in which different media were used on a single
composition, as shown in figures 1 and 2.

Figures 1 and 2: Examples of the graphic elements in Picasso’s poetry.
P. Picasso, “si yo fuera afuera ... (2)”, Claude Ruiz-Picasso Collection, 1935.
P. Picasso, “non plus frappe ... (4), l’arôme des fleurs ... (4) (Baigneuse à la cabine)”,Galerie Kornfeld und Cie, Bern., 1936.
Cox proposes that a broad definition of collage is “the incorporation of foreign elements
into painting in a spirit of extreme juxtaposition ... so that the material character ofrepresentation leaps to our attention” (Cox 2010). To that extent, one could argue thatcollages ultimately serve as “seeing-machines”, forming the testing-ground for the
dialogue between material and sign. Along these lines, we propose that graphic elements
in Picasso’s texts also serve to direct readers’ attention to the essential nature of words
as “floating signifiers” (Derrida 2001), thus extending the semantics of the poems.
Picasso’s poetry may be considered a Visually Complex Document, which as in
the different “planes of consistency” of collages, present distinct layers of text and images
that constitute integral parts of the document’s representation (Audenaert 2008). To
account for similar cases, Haaf and Thomas created a pure TEI subset for theunambiguous annotation of manuscripts (Haaf and Thomas 2016). However, we believethat Picasso’s case is more complex, as it is hard to define the boundaries between
graphics and text. The challenge that we face is how to encode elements in a relationalmanner in order to analyze possible ways in which graphics contribute to the reading
experience. This duality is precisely what makes Picasso’s poetry interesting from anencoding perspective. Our analysis proposes possible solutions for encoding these
documents in TEI.
References
Audenaert, Neal (2008) “Patterns of Analysis: Supporting Exploratory Analysis andUnderstanding of Visually Complex Documents.” IEEE Technical Committee on Digital
Libraries. http://www.ieee-tcdl.org/Bulletin/v4n2/audenaert/audenaert.html.
Cox, Neil (2010) The Picasso Book. First edition. London: New York: Tate.
Derrida, Jacques (2001) Writing and Difference. 2nd Revised ed. edition. London:
Routledge.
Haaf, Susanne, and Christian Thomas (2016) “Enabling the Encoding of Manuscripts
within the DTABf: Extension and Modularization of the Format.” Journal of the Text
Encoding Initiative, no. Issue 10 (December). https://doi.org/10.4000/jtei.1650.
Meneses, Luis, and Enrique Mallen (2017) “Visual Text: Encoding Challenges in
Picasso’s Poetry.” presented at the TEI 2017, Victoria, BC, Canada, November 11.
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[Day 3 (Tue) 15:30-17:00] LP Session II (Room A3)[Day 3 (Tue) 15:30-17:00] LP Session II (Room A3)
New Teaching, New Methods

New Developments in the Guidelines: The att.linguistic
Class
Piotr Bański1, Susanne Haaf2, Martin Mueller3, Andreas Witt4
The topic of the perceived inadequacy of the vanilla TEI recommendations for building
technologically effective, rather than merely theoretically “nice” linguistic resources has
stirred some of the TEI community for years, essentially ever since the massively
successful fork of the early TEI called CES (Corpus Encoding Standard), and later XCES
and its variants have dominated the scene of language resources for a long time.
In January 2018, responding to an initiative by the Special Interest Group “TEI
for Linguists” (LingSIG), the Guidelines introduced the mechanism of “lightweightgrammatical annotation”, in the form of the new attribute class, att.linguistic. The goals of
the new class are twofold and addressing two groups of users. For language technologists,
it opens a way to create effective linguistic resources that at the same time can use the fullrepertoire of the Guidelines for the purpose of identifying other features of text. For
maintainers of existing non-linguistic TEI resources, philologists, historians and other DH
scholars, the added value comes from enriching the existing structural markup withlinguistic information, because this information might improve even discipline-specifictasks such as the identification of names of persons or places, or also authorship
attribution.
To broaden the acceptance and the use of these simple analytic mechanisms toannotate linguistic information, a standardization process via the ISO group on linguistic
annotation (TC37/SC4WG6) will be initiated. This initiative might result in a new annotation
scheme under the umbrellas of both TEI and ISO and would follow in this respect two other
TEI/ISO modules used for linguistic annotation, i.e. “Feature Structures” and“Transcription of Spoken Language”.
The primary goals of our contribution are to present the new features to the TEI members
and other participants of the conference, and to gather feedback on suggested further
developments.

Using the TEI in Training and Research as an Institutional
Strategy towards a DH Competence Center
Anne Baillot5, François Vignale5
The development of digital-based research in the context of French universities is favoredby the existence of both national (huma-num, HAL) and European (DARIAH, CLARIN)
infrastructures supporting archiving, access, good practices and connections between
digital research projects. Still, each University can weigh in to define how to develop
digital-based research in the Arts and Humanities, and develop their own institutional
strategy.
1Institute for the German Language, Germany
Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Germany
3
Northwestern University, USA
4
University of Cologne, Heidelberg University, IDS Mannheim, Germany
5
Le Mans Université, France
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In this paper, we would like to show how Le Mans Université has been able to seize theopportunity of emerging digital-driven projects in the Humanities to conceive a TEI-based
strategy that brings together research, teaching, training and innovation. The goal of thispaper is to show how the decision to have all projects work with a TEI-based data modelallows to develop a strong DH profile in the fields of textual studies and cultural heritage
research.
In a first step, we will present the way different projects have been brought
together in terms of data modeling based on the TEI (Berlin Intellectuals, READ-IT,ECRIPER). In a second step, we will show how we have developed training modules on
graduate level to gain a TEI fluency among a solid group of graduate students and PhD
candidates to back the research projects. We will present the pivotal role played by the
University Library in this concept. The end of the paper will be dedicated to the connecting
options beyond the local university, on a regional, national and international level.

“Examples Work More Forcibly on the Mind thanPrecepts” – Expanding and Improving the Use of
Examples by the TEI Guidelines
James Cummings1
At the beginning of Henry Fielding’s The History of the adventures of Joseph Andrews andhis friend Mr Abraham Adams it starts with the idea that “It is a trite but true observation,that examples work more forcibly on the mind than precepts”2. This is something that all
who have undertaken to teach the TEI Guidelines will recognise, that students more easily
latch onto examples of text encoding than explanations of the rules that might govern them.
Using this work from Fielding as a starting point, and indeed its use in the TEI Guidelines
as an example in itself, I will survey the way in which the TEI Guidelines and Customisations
implement examples.
There are a number of shortcomings with the current system and I will propose
improvements that ameliorate these. At the core is the suggestion that examples should
be stored separately from the Guidelines prose and pointed to from the prose as needed,
being virtually included when the Guidelines, or particular customisations, are generated.
This separation of the examples from the prose has many benefits including the ability fora single example pointed to from multiple locations (rather than having separate copies asnow), or that each of these examples could form an internationalised corpus of fully-valid
sample files demonstrating TEI encoding (with their own TEI Header metadata) for students
of TEI. As the Guidelines would point into these files for examples different parts or
granularity of a single source could be used as examples for different elements. Moving tosuch a system would not preclude use of the current system and would give a variety of
benefits that deserve exploration.

1
2

Newcastle University, UK
See http://www.gutenberg.org/files/9611/9611-h/9611-h.htm#book1chapter1

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Historical Social Networks in Chinese Buddhism
Marcus Bingenheimer1
This short paper presents first results of an ongoing project that aims to establish a dataset
for the historical social network analysis for the study of Chinese Buddhist history. There
are two main sources for the data: Buddhist biographical literature on eminent monks(gaoseng zhuan 高僧傳) and lineage data connecting masters and students. The former
is especially rich for the time between 300 and 1000, when the major gaoseng zhuan
collections allow us to situate people in place and time and trace their relationships. The
lineage data is extracted mainly from the literature of the Chan school (collected sayings(yulu 語錄), lamp-transmission (denglu 燈錄)), temple gazetteers (shanzhi 山志, sizhi 寺志), and other forms of Buddhist historiography.
The data is made openly available on a bi-annual basis and is distributed andarchived online, while annual workshops are conducted to train graduate students in using
data and tools. Our dataset is so far the most comprehensive tool to view Chinese
Buddhist history in network terms. Zooming into regions of the network historians canresearch the relationships between players at a time, as each relationship-link between
actors is referenced to canonical and para-canonical sources. We are now exploring how
traditional network measures such as different forms of centrality, or techniques such as
clique identification can be put to use to improve our understanding of Buddhist history inEast Asia. Research questions include: How can different centrality measures help to guidea historian’s search for who is “important” in Chinese history? How bad is the gender gap
in Buddhist history and how can be visualized in a network? What connections are there
between the structure of the sources and the shape of the network?
The current dataset is available at: http://mbingenheimer.net/tools/socnet/index.html

Complex Manuscript Texts as Prototypes for theConstruction of a Source-edition Environment: The Caseof Philosophical Glosses
Emmanuelle Kuhry2
The Oxford gloss was copied around the most ancient latin translations of Aristotle’s
treatises on nature. Texts and glosses were gathered into manuscript “text-books” which
composed the course material of the students in philosophy at the Faculty of Arts in the
13th century. While coherent enough to allow to identify most glosses from one manuscript
to another, the manuscript tradition presents considerable variations, because of the
supposedly oral transmission of the content of the glosses, probably copied by thestudents after hearing lectures. Moreover, glosses and main text often have a distinct
manuscript tradition.
Until now, these characteristics and the space constraints of paper, as well as
copyright issues have prevented scholars to establish a complete critical edition including
the glosses and the main text.

1

Temple University, USA
Institut de Recherche et d’Histoire des Textes, CNRS, France
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Furthermore, the gloss is made of a patchwork of quotations. Identifying these allows tounderline the intertextuality between the gloss and medieval literature, and to establish arelative chronology of the circulation of the gloss. It is a true observatory of the medieval
teaching methods.
The TEI encoding opens brand new perspectives for those kinds of “multidimensional” texts. An open source and collaborative framework will take advantage ofthis experience to offer tools and methodologies for the encoding of sources in XML-TEI.
This paper will present some of the issues encountered and the solutions adopted. In
particular, glosses and main text are encoded in separate files, allowing to build a gloss
index, which makes it easier to manage the “moving” aspect of the glosses, as they canbe bound to a word or another depending on the manuscript. This structure, associatedwith the use of the “Critical Apparatus” module (parallel segmentation method) allows toreconstruct each manuscript’s corpus of glosses, and to manage all the variant readings
together, which makes the philological analysis easier.

Francophone Diaries in the 19th Century Russia: A TEI
Encoded Edition and Corpus
Alexei Lavrentiev1, Michèle Debrenne2, Nina Panina2, Dmitry Dolgushin2,
Andrey Borodikhin3
In this paper we present a project of digital edition and annotated corpus of two diaries
written in French by Russian aristocrats in the 1st half of the 19th century. The first one
was written in 1812-1813 during the war against Napoleon by a young officer Alexandre
Chicherin (1793 – 1813). Its peculiarity consists in a great number of author’s drawings thatclosely interact with the text and require special encoding for further analysis andannotation. The second diary was kept by Olga Orlova-Davydova (1813 – 1876) for almost
20 years (from 1830 to 1847). It contains valuable details on the everyday life of that period
and mentions a certain number of historical figures that the author knew personally. Bothdiaries have considerable value for historical and literary studies but they are particularlyinteresting for research on the interaction on Russian and French languages and cultures.
Therefore, special attention was paid to the encoding of code-switching (inclusion of
Russian words and phrases in the French text) and of various kinds of errors or deviations
from standard French of the 19th century.
The workflow of the project consists in primary transcription with Microsoft Wordusing styles and some project specific micro-syntax (special characters) to pre-tag as
much useful information as possible. This choice was made due to the project context, as
the members of the Russian team have no opportunity to attend a TEI training and cannot
afford purchasing a user friendly XML editing software, such as Oxygen XML Author. The
approach is interesting, as it allows testing to what extent complex TEI markup can beprepared using a conventional text processing software. The basic text structure (divisions,paragraphs) and some common tags (such as <persName> or <add>) are automaticallyconverted to TEI by OxGarage. In more complex cases, such as <choice> with various
sub-elements, or nesting markup (a word in a foreign language that contains an error) we
had to use custom style names (e.g. “persName-lang-ru”) or special characters (e.g.
square brackets for additions and deletions inside a word: pren[aie/a]nt).
The Word transcriptions are converted to TEI XML using OxGarage and theimported to TXM through a series of XSLT transformations. These transformations allow
converting custom styles (rendered as <hi> with @rend bearing the style name by
OxGarage) and special characters to proper TEI markup, and to prepare tokenization,
1

CNRS, France
Novosibirsk State University, Russian Federation
3
State Public Scientific and Technical Library of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academyof Sciences, Russian Federation
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indexing and rendering of the text by TXM. TXM provides therefore both an interface forreading, searching and analysing the texts TXM and TEI conformant versions of source
documents. These can be used for further annotation and for integration to otherpublishing and corpus analysis platforms. The prototype of the edition of both diaries isavailable at the TXM demo portal:
http://portal.textometrie.org/demo/?command=page&path=/JournauxFrancophones.
The same workflow (with some variations) has already been used in otherprojects including the edition of Guido Parato’s health treaty and integrating Métopes andTXM (both projects are presented at this conference).

Guido Parato’s Health Treaty: A TEI Edition on the TXM
Platform
Alexei Lavrentiev1, Elena Markova2
Guido Parato was a personal physician of Francesco Sforza (1401-1466), the Duke of Milan.
In 1459 he wrote a book on health-keeping that he dedicated to the Duke of Burgundy.
The original Latin text was very quickly translated into French, and one of the two extant
manuscripts of the French translation is kept in the Russian National Library in SaintPetersburg (Fr.Q.v.VI.1). This is the base manuscript of our edition.
Parato’s work has never been edited. It is not quite original: treaties on healthkeeping (or régimes de santé) were numerous in the 15th century, and most of therecommendations and remedies it contains can be found in many of them. Nevertheless,
it is a good example of “scientific popularization” of its time and deserves consideration in
the corpus of Renaissance medical literature.
Our digital edition project relies on the workflow elaborated during the edition of
Queste del saint Graal (http://catalog.bfm-corpus.org/qgraal_cm). It includes primaryediting with Microsoft Word using some styles and special characters. The documents isconverted to TEI XML using Oxgarage and then processed by a series of XSLT stylesheetsthat generate a fully TEI conformant document. The TEI document is finally processed by
TXM using “XTZ” import module (http://textometrie.org) and published online on the Basedefrançais
médiévalportal(http://txm.bfmcorpus.org/?command=documentation&path=/SANTE). The conversion process is fully
automated, however once the TEI document is generated, it becomes the base for further
editing and annotation. In the presentation we will provide more details on the encoding
choices and on the workflow organization.

Publication and Usage of TEI Data in UTokyo Digital
Archives Development Project
Satoru Nakamura3
The University of Tokyo, mainly University of Tokyo Library System and Information
Technology Center, are promoting the “UTokyo Digital Archives Development Project” tomake the university’s academic assets public and reusable. This research explains theactivities of this project as “data provider” providing TEI data and the case study as “datauser”.
As a “data provider”, we provide a digital archive system using Omeka, andpublish images and metadata collected from departments of our university. We actively
introduce international standards and information technology to support the use of
1

CNRS, France
Belgorod State University, Russian Federation
3
The University of Tokyo, Japan
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academic assets by the third parties and computers. Specifically, the metadata of thecollected materials is provided as LOD, and the images are provided with IIIF. Text data
provided by departments is published as TEI data. Since the incoming data is basicallyprovided in plain text, we mark up them with the second encoding level in the guideline“TEI Library Best Practices” and publish them with TAPAS. Currently, 8 collections havebeen published and 5 materials including in preparation have been associated with TEI. By
publishing data conforming to standards such as TEI, we support the utilization of dataand promote the development of the systems to enhance the continuity of the project.
To demonstrate the benefits of publishing TEI data, we developed several
applications using data published in our project. We used TEI data consisting of 72 court
records of the Muromachi shogunate. We divided paragraphs of each case record andnormalize the litigation date. Using this structured data, we created an application thatvisualizes the number of records per month. Furthermore, an application that can display
images and text simultaneously was developed, by converting marked-up data to the tableof contents information, ranges in IIIF manifest.
We aim to build a system that leads to enhancement of provided data based on
the results of researchers and collaborators. On the other hand, there is a limit for librarians
to mark up text data with TEI, due to lack of expert knowledge of the materials. Therefore,
in order to realize cooperation between researchers and library, it is required to provide
systems which give incentives for researchers to create and publish basic research datasuch as TEI data.

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[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] LP Session III (Room A3)[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] LP Session III (Room A3)
Modeling and Metadata

TEI Reclassified
Hugh Cayless1
TEI employs two types of class in its definition, attribute classes, membership in which
dictates the attribute content of an element, and model classes, which are used to groupelements and dictate where they may appear.
A look at TEI’s model classes quickly reveals that they fall into essentially two
camps, the first groups elements according to their possible location (with names like[element name]Part), and the second according to similarity ([element name]Like). The
latter names at least imply some affinity among members, but a closer examination reveals
all sorts of problems, such as elements with only loose semantic connections being
bundled together and similar elements not grouped. This kind of sloppy grouping accounts
for a lot of the incidental complexity in the creation of TEI documents. Moreover, despite
its sometimes-semantic associations, the class system is unable to represent some of thesemantic features of TEI. The <persName> element, for example, is clearly a type of<name>, which is a type of <rs>. Instead of this relationship being made explicit, however,
all are flatly grouped under model.nameLike.
Clearly (and understandably), the function of the class system in TEI is practical:
it simplifies the content models of TEI elements by permitting reference to named groupsof elements instead of to individuals. Its form and function is in fact a slightly more subtle
exampleoftheDurandConundrum(see
Burnard2013,
http://journals.openedition.org/jtei/842). It maps exactly onto the concept of expandable<define> in Relax NG (http://relaxng.org/spec-20011203.html#define-ref). In the same
way that the introduction of Pure ODD (see http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5doc/readme-3.0.0.html) has enabled the TEI to peel itself away from strict reliance on Relax
NG’s syntax, a new class system could enable a clearer expression of TEI’s semantics andallow for less incidental complexity, easier extraction of information content, and improved
interoperability.
A refactoring of the TEI class system could be accomplished without any
changes to the basic TEI infrastructure, by renaming and adding classes and changing
element class memberships. Going further would involve changes to the way TEI works. It
is clear from looking at the grouping patterns in http://www.tei-c.org/release/doc/tei-p5doc/en/html/ref-model.nameLike.html, for example, that inheritance would be a usefulfeature. Elements themselves could define classes, so <name> could inherit directly from<rs>, and persName from <name>, rather than relying on a separate class system for
associating them. A thorough investigation of the *Part models might reveal that they could
be refactored into semantic classes without unnecessarily complicating the content
models of the elements that can contain them.
Ideally, A refactored class system for TEI should also do away with the confusion
between the ontological status of an element and where it can occur. <lang>, for example,
is arguably a sort of name, and is thus a member of model.nameLike, but the Guidelines
treat it only as a member of <etym>. It gets into the latter’s content model via
model.phrase(!) and because of its classification, is available in very many contexts forwhich it was not designed, and for which there are no examples in the Guidelines. A
possible solution would be to have two ways of indicating class membership, one which
results in the derived element inheriting content model membership from the parent class1

Duke University, USA
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and one which does not. A more direct one would be to avoid grouping elements justbecause they have similar meanings.
A complete replacement for TEI’s current class system would be a large change,
perhaps warranting a new revision (P6 from the current P5). This paper will outline somepossible solutions to the problems the current system suffers from with a view towardgathering community feedback and developing a roadmap for “reclassifying” TEI.

Modelling Authentication
Sean Michael Winslow1
This paper will discuss issues in the modelling of authentication across time periods andregional boundaries, from the existing <seal> element to medieval European chirographs
to Japanese Jitsu-in to ways to model authenticating factors of emails and other digital
objects. Such authenticating elements as seals and stamps can be considered paratexts,
as they provide information which changes the interpretation of the associated text.
Accordingly, content-based markup like the TEI should have a way to capture
authenticating elements in order to present the necessary context for the interpretation of
the text. This paper will introduce the need for such modelling from a theoretical standpoint
and present a working ontology of methods of authentication, how they have beenmodelled in the CEI, and how it is being implemented in the ODD of the current project (inprogress).
The proximate need for such an extension is the mapping of documents marked
up by the Charters Encoding Initiative to TEI P5. Nevertheless, the practices modelled aresimilar across time periods and regions, from ancient Mesopotamia to medieval England
to modern Japan. The paper will consider not just charters and documents, but also textbearing museum objects that have authentication features, such as banknotes andpassports and born-digital objects such as e-mail. All of these items bear text, but thattext is only meaningful in the context of their authenticating features, suggesting that the
TEI needs to expand its concept of what is important to mark up.
This work is part of the proceeds of the FWF-Projekt “Retain Domain SpecificFunctionalities in a Generic Repository with Humanities Data” (PI: Georg Vogeler), itself
arising from the the preservation of documents in the “Illuminierte Urkunden als
Gesamstkunstwerk” project.
References
Boyle, L. (1992) “Diplomatics.” in Powell, J. Medieval Studies: An Introduction, Second
Edition. Syracuse University.
Cummings, et al. “<seal> element description should be expanded to other authentication
mechanisms #1655” https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/issues/1655
Duranti, L. “InterPARES Authenticity Task Force Report”
http://www.interpares.org/book/interpares_book_d_part1.pdf
Maria Milagros Cárcel Ortí, ed. (1997) Vocabulaire international de la diplomatique, 2. ed.,
Valéncia: Collecció Oberta.
Park, E. (2001) ‘Understanding “Authenticity” in Records and Information Management:
Analyzing Practitioner Constructs’. The American Archivist: Fall/Winter, Vol. 64, No. 2.
Vogeler, G. “Charters Encoding Initiative.” http://www.cei.lmu.de/index.php
Vogeler, G. (2018) “Digital Diplomatics: The Evolution of a European Tradition or a GenericConcept?” in Cubelic, et al. (eds..): Studies in Historical Documents from Nepal andIndia (Documenta Nepalica – Book Series, Band 1). Heidelberg: Heidelberg University
Publishing, 85-109.

1

Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities, Austria

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[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] LP Session III (Room A3)

Tei-Meta: A Tool for Editing Metadata in TEI - Application
to Oral Language Research Purposes
Christophe Parisse1, Carole Etienne2, Loïc Liégeois3
The TEI is a perfect standard for storing and preserving digital texts whatever their natureand level of granularity. It can also represent spoken language data based on a textual
transcription (ISO-TEI4). More recently, we got interested by a common solution to describe
all the spoken corpora for a research purpose. This means that a researcher who knows
nothing about a corpus should understand if this corpus is interesting or not for his own
studies, just reading the metadata. This will make easier to reuse already existing material
with good metadata. For this purpose, TEI appears as a good solution regarding its
semantic organization and the gathering of metadata and data in a same file. To makethis possible, we have been working in two parallel directions:
1. Creation of a reference for spoken language metadata. This reference is much
more powerful than the often used Dublin Core/Olac information. In particular,
we selected elements and properties available in the TEI header to create areference for fine-grained information about speakers, settings, recording quality,
and languages used. This reference does not try to be exhaustive. On thecontrary, we based our work on the experience from the Orfeo project 5 on
already existing corpora so as to devise a middle ground between too much andtoo few information. What we suggest is a minimal set of (usual) information
relevant for research purpose (selection, documentation, helpful during analyses)with modular add-ons if necessary.
2. Creation of an open-source web-based multilingual tool (available also as astandalone application) that can edit any type of TEI header file, including spoken
language metadata. The tool main interest is that it is able to work with any TEIODD file that contains the description of the metadata to be edited, each ODDfile generating its own representation. It is thus easy to create as many versionof the tool that they are ODD versions, regardless of language. Stylesheets or
ODD information can be added for specific visual presentation (on the base of
CSS format). The tool and the ODD files are described and can be downloadedon the web (http://ct3.ortolang.fr/teimeta/readme.php). The sources are available
on GitHub and an online recommended version is available at
http://ct3.ortolang.fr/teimeta.

1

INSERM/Modyco, U. Paris Nanterre, CNRS, France
ICAR, CNRS, France
3
LLF/CILLAC-ARP, U. Paris Diderot, France
4
ISO-TEI - European group working on "Transcription of Spoken Language" - ISO
24624:2016 - Language resource management -- Transcription of spoken language. (s. d.).
5
Benzitoun C., Debaisieux, J.-M., Deulofeu, J. Le projet ORFÉO : un corpus d’étude pourle français contemporain, Corpus 15, Actes du colloque Corpus de Français Parlés etFrançais Parlés des Corpus.
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TEI 2018[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] Panel Session I (Room A4)

Confronting Challenges in Marking Up Pre-modern East
Asian Documents
Chair/Discussants: Marcus Bingenheimer1, Duncan Paterson2, Martin Holmes3
Organizer: Hanna McGaughey4
Panel Introduction
The TEI desire for broad applicability is repeatedly frustrated by the unique needs andpreferences of East Asian text encoders. The TEI Guidelines were initially developed bycommittees of roughly equal Europe and North America representation to markup “anydocument written in any language during the entire span of history.” However, encodersof East Asian texts confront difficulty finding appropriate TEI tags, accommodating varying
text models, and managing and sharing good encoding practice. Nonetheless, theseencoders turn to TEI because of its high level of standardization.
To expand TEI applicability to East Asian texts, we will share our experience bothin encoding manuscript and print texts produced before significant contact with European
text traditions and in revising guidelines as a member of the Technical Council. Drawing
on work with pre-modern Japanese performance treatises, Hanna describes complexities
of texts written in a combination of three types of characters. Duncan points out challenges
in the practical application of the guidelines to markup textual features of early Chinese
woodblock print encyclopedias. Martin argues that TEI needs a new working group to
focus on CJK languages of all time periods.
Pre-modern Japanese Texts and the TEI Guidelines: A Report from the Frontline of
Encoding Zeami’s Treatises
Presenter: Hanna McGaughey
Japanese may be the most complex writing system in the world, with its threedifferent components: Chinese characters and, derived from them, two phonetic letteringsystems (Jp. katakana and hiragana). All three scripts appear in mixed kanji and kana texts(Jp. majiri bun) like modern standard Japanese, but are found also in pre-modern
documents. Japanese writers have long used markup to accommodate script variety.
Indeed, katakana were created as a shorthand pronunciation guide to gloss Chinese sutra
texts for Japanese monks’ recitations. Such use of interlineal glosses (Jp. furigana) left theprayer halls and soon provided a greater variety of semantic as well as phonetic props toreaders of all kinds of texts. Additional features such as pre-modern punctuation (Jp.
kudokuten) marking Japanese word order in Chinese and Sino-Japanese texts and two
smaller lines of text in the space of one line (Jp. warigaki), not to mention markup andannotation found in modern critical editions, guide today’s readers of pre-modern
Japanese texts.
All of the textual features I mentioned here and more may be found in treatises
by actor, troupe leader, playwright, and composer Zeami (ca. 1363 - ca. 1443) about theperforming arts, including pedagogy, aesthetics, and performer-audience communication.
In my efforts to produce a machine-readable version of these texts for electronic analysesof difficult-to-define terms, TEI recommends itself as a highly standardized method ofmarking up complex text features.

1

Temple University, USA
Heidelberg University, Germany
3
University of Victoria, Canada
4
University of Trier, Germany
2237

[Day 3 (Tue) 17:15-18:45] Panel Session I (Room A4)

As my translations above suggest, Japanese markup strategies correlateapproximately to strategies developed in European and North American document
production. Nevertheless, the application of TEI Guidelines in marking up Japanese texts
poses problems concerning appropriate element tags, good encoding practices, and soforth. In this paper, I will elaborate on the challenges of marking up pre-modern Japanese
texts by drawing on examples from my efforts to digitize Zeami’s treatises.
I Just Want to be Normal: Post-Colonial Reflections on Encoding Early Modern
Xylographs
Presenter: Duncan Paterson
TEI’s goal to “apply to texts in any natural language, of any date, […] without
restriction” often raises suspicion among area specialists, where post-colonial critique has
repeatedly deconstructed similar universalist claims. Indeed, while the oldest known
printed text and the quantitative bulk of pre-modern books uses literary Chinese, itsconventions and terminology remains absent from the Guidelines.
My paper addresses three kinds of challenges that this lacuna presents toencoders of East Asian sources. Beginning with conceptual biases that unduly project
European codicological conventions (‘edition’, ‘font’, ‘hand’, etc.) onto non-Westernsources. Using examples from xylographic prints from Early Modern China, I will discuss
the evolution of emphasis markers in manuscripts (Ch. jù dòu 句讀) and print (Ch. kànzhòng hào 看重號), to demonstrate the logical challenges that rubicated glyphs present to
TEIʼs textual model. I conclude with a discussion of means for overcoming technical biases
inherent in XML, such as the flow attribute, or the role of different whitespace charactersin marking up text without word boundary markers. TEI can play a crucial role vis-à-vis
competing standards that currently hinder the interchangeability of historical CJK
documents.
A Coordinated Approach to Improving Support for CJK Languages in the TEI
Guidelines
Presenter: Martin Holmes
As the use of TEI for historical and literary CJK texts grows, the need forenhancements and encoding recommendations for textual features not seen in the western
traditions is increasingly obvious. In this paper I will argue that, rather than deal with theseissues on a ticket-by-ticket basis, we need a working group to focus on CJK languages,
bringing together expertise from different languages and periods, to propose a set of
harmonized changes to the Guidelines.
In 2013, a working group contributed new sections of the TEI Guidelines related
to character/glyph orientation and text-directionality. Much of the work of this groupinvolved determining where the boundaries lie between what the TEI should handle andwhat can be left to other standards such as Unicode, BCP 47 , and Cascading Stylesheets.
Where existing standards appear to provide effective mechanisms for encoding, we may
defer to these standards, but there is still a requirement to show how they can be deployedwithin TEI markup, and if possible recommend a single model for usage, in the interests ofinteroperability. Where existing standards do not meet requirements, new elements,
attributes and values, along with recommendations for their use, must be added. However,where external standards are suitable but not quite sufficient for a specific need, I would
like to see the working group engage directly with external standards bodies to makerecommendations, in preference to implementing TEI workarounds. For example, should
we adopt HTML5’s ruby elements for encoding of features such as kudokuten, and if so,
do we need to propose enhancements to HTML5 and CSS to the W3C to handle historicalfeatures not covered by the current standards? Such engagement takes time and patience
if it is to be fruitful, but the long-term gains in interoperability can be substantial.

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References
Internet Engineering Task Force (2009). Tags for Identifying Languages (BCP 47; RFC
5646). Accessed April 6. 2018. https://tools.ietf.org/html/bcp47.
Kawase, Akihiro, Taro Ichimura, and Toshinobu Ogiso (2013). “TEI:P5 ni motozuku
kinsei kōgoshiryō no kōzō to sono mondaiten.” Shimonkon 2013 Ronbunshū 2013, no.
4: 7–12.
Liú Zǐmíng 劉子明, and Ān Zhèngtáng 安正堂 (1612). Xīnbǎn Zēngbǔ Tiānxià Biànyòng
Wénlín Miàojǐn Wànbǎo Quánshū 新板增補天下便用文林妙錦萬寶全書. Vol. 38. China:
Shūlín Ān Zhèngtáng, Liú Shuāngsōng. 書林安正堂, 劉雙松.
McDermott, Joseph Peter (2006). A Social History of the Chinese Book: Books andLiterati Culture in Late Imperial China, Understanding China. Hong Kong: Hong Kong
University Press.
Said, Edward (2003). Orientalism. 25th Anniversary Edition. London: Penguin Books,
Limited.
Sperberg-McQueen, C. M., and Lou Burnard (1995). “The Design of the TEI Encoding
Scheme.”Computers
andtheHumanities
29,
no.
1:
17–39.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01830314.
“TEI: East Asian/Japanese SIG.” Accessed April 6, 2018. http://www.teic.org/Activities/SIG/EastAsian/.
“Text Directionality Workgroup - TEIWiki.” Accessed April 6, 2018. https://wiki.teic.org/index.php?title=Text_Directionality_Workgroup.
Wood, Frances, and Mark Barnard (2010). The Diamond Sutra: The Story of the World’s
Earliest Dated Printed Book. London: British Library Board.

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[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Sessions IV (Room A1)[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Sessions IV (Room A1)
Proposals and Recommendations

Using ODD for HTMLMartin David Holmes1
Although the ODD (One Document Does It All) language is normally used for the creationof TEI customizations or extensions, it is a highly-effective tool for editors working in otherXML markup languages. This paper will discuss the use of ODD to define a highlyconstrained schema for HTML5, to enforce stylistic and encoding practices, define custom
attributes and value-lists, and enable easier editing and validation of project content in the
Oxygen XML Editor environment. I will provide a brief history of the project, whose firstincarnation, created with the DreamWeaver HTML editor, was somewhat chaotic from acode point of view, and show how the implementation of an ODD-based schema provides
huge advantages for authors, editors and encoders, as well as substantially simplifying thecode itself.
1. Introduction
Although ODD (One Document Does it All) is a feature of the TEI language, and usedprimarily for creating TEI schemas, ODD in fact “goes beyond this to provide a generic tool
for the documentation and management of any XML encoding scheme, not necessarily
one based on the TEI” (Burnard and Rahtz 2014). Syd Bauman 2017 points out that theTEI ODD language “can be used for two related, but distinctly different purposes: 1) tocreate a markup language, including documentation and schemas; and 2) to customize amarkup language that was already written in ODD.” This paper describes a use-case which
does not quite fall into either of those categories: the use of ODD to create a highlyconstrained customization of a markup language not originally written in ODD. The
language in this case is HTML5, in its XHTML incarnation.
In 2017, our unit was approached by a faculty member who had for many years
been building a fascinating website called “Mapping Keats’s Progress”; it is in one aspecta biography of the poet John Keats, but it has many other features. The site had beendeveloped by the author and a collaborator using the DreamWeaver web-authoring
software. Although its interface and structure were functional and attractive, the HTMLcode had become a huge mass of incomprehensible nested structures, including 24
JavaScript and 69 CSS files. An example of the kind of needless complexity that had
resulted from the dependence on a WYSIWYG tool to manage style and layout can beseen in Figure 1. In the fall of 2017, I began the process of rewriting it, with the aim of
keeping it as simple as possible while reproducing and enhancing the design andfunctionality. The result has only one CSS file and less than 100 lines of JavaScript, noneof which is essential.

1

University of Victoria, Canada
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TEI 2018

Figure 1. The long journey to the <h1> element in the original DreamWeaver-generatedHTML.
2. Why not use TEI?
Although the original HTML had got severely out of control, the original content was alreadybasically complete, and encoded in HTML. I was able to use a toolchain consisting ofHTML Tidy, XSLT and Python to clean up and simplify the content to a point where it
required only some proofing and enhancement, and since the project author was alreadyfamiliar with HTML, but not with TEI, and the markup itself was relatively simple, it seemedeasier to stick with HTML5 encoding. Given a sufficiently rigorous schema for that
encoding, it would be trivial to generate TEI from the markup if we wanted it in the future.
3. Why use ODD?
The W3C provides an excellent validation tool for HTML5 in the form of the Nu Html
Checker. This is the tool we use for final validation of all HTML sites we produce. However,
it is of course a generic tool; it checks conformance against the entire schema1. I wanted
to constrain the HTML quite aggressively, to define custom attributes (as HTML5 allows)with closed value-lists, and to incorporate Schematron rules, to ensure that the site styleand structure remains consistent throughout the document set. We also require
documentation of the rules, along with encoding guidelines and examples. ODD is theperfect choice for this.
This paper will discuss the use of ODD in this project, providing examples ofcustom attributes, Schematron and other features, and show how we keep the encoded
scholarly text separate from the global site boilerplate content (menus, headers, footersand so on), uniting them only at build time to publish the site.
Keywords
ODD, HTML, non-TEI projects
References
Bauman, Syd (2017) “tei_customization: A TEI customization for writing TEI
customizations.” Paper delivered at TEI 2017 Conference, Victoria, B.C., Canada,
November 14.
https://hcmc.uvic.ca/tei2017/abstracts/t_110_bauman_teicustomization.html.
Burnard, Lou and Sebastian Rahtz (2014) “ODD: One Document Does it All.” Workshop
delivered at TEI 2014 Conference, Evanston, Illinois. http://www.teic.org/Vault/MembersMeetings/2014/workshops/odd-one-document-does-itall/index.html.
1

In fact, any of multiple schemas, depending on the input document type.

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[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Sessions IV (Room A1)

From File Interoperability to Service Interoperability: theDistributed Text Services
Bridget May Almas1, Hugh Cayless2, Thibault Clérice3, Vincent Jolivet3,
Emmanuelle Morlock4, Jonathan Robie5, James Tauber6, Jeffrey C Witt7,
Pietro Liuzzo8
The Canonical Text Services (CTS) protocol9 has allowed many classical, canonical texts
encoded in TEI to be made available in a machine-actionable, linked open data fashion.
However, CTS is tightly coupled to its text identifier system, which is not adaptable tothe citation systems used by more modern content or other forms of writing, such as papyri
or inscriptions. CTS also suffers from API design issues, scalability of response formats,and poor definition of response MIME types. These issues have limited its application
outside of the set of classical texts for which it was originally designed.
To address these limitations, a group of interested scholars and technologists
have created a simpler design for textual data sharing that follows best practices for REST
APIs. The Distributed Text Services (DTS) specification has been designed with three major
API endpoints that each have their own role: catalog browsing (Collection), referencebrowsing (Navigation) and text retrieval (Document).
The DTS API is based on a standard for Hypermedia-Driven Web APIs called
Hydra10, using JSON-LD and Dublin Core (DC) as core metadata vocabularies. Reuse of
these standards should facilitate adoption and uptake. The Collection endpoint offers
navigation of text collections; the Navigation endpoint offers querying for the specificreferences within a text or part of a text; the Document endpoint offers query and retrievalof complete or partial texts. The first two return JSON responses defined by the Hydra
standard, the third returns the TEI XML of the requested text or fragment.
The paper will discuss the origins of this effort, the challenges that the data
providers faced using other protocols, the specific use cases, the final API structure, andthe decision making process. We hope DTS will be of interest to the TEI community atlarge, as a general purpose TEI discovery and retrieval API.

1

The Alpheios Project, Ltd
Duke University, USA
3
École Nationale des Chartes, France
4
HiSoMA Research Center, France
5
biblicalhumanities.org
6
Eldarion
7
Loyola University, USA
8
Universitat Hamburg, Germany9
http://cite-architecture.github.io/cts/
10
https://www.w3.org/community/hydra/
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TEI 2018

TEI-Lex0 Etym – Towards Terse Recommendations for
the Encoding of Etymological Information
Jack Bowers1,2, Axel Herold2,3, Laurent Romary3,4
The current TEI guidelines only offer very loose constructs for the representation of
etymological information in TEI encoded dictionaries. With the generic free text <etym>
element, possibly combined with inline elements such as <lang> or <mentioned>, theguidelines offer too much flexibility and a lack of guidance to reflect precise linguisticallyfounded analyses. In a context where more and more lexical resources are being created
and legacy print (including etymological) dictionaries are available in digital form, providing
better interoperability between these resources is essential to enabling precise crossresource analyses on diachronic phenomena across languages.
Three initiatives have created favourable conditions for this work:•••

The COST action ENEL5 (ended September 2017) which initiated a series ofworkshops to identify general constraints on the encoding of dictionaries (cf.
Romary & Tasovac, submitted) named TEI-Lex0; [+ follow-up in Elexis]
Reserialization of the LMF standard (ISO 24613) which will include an
etymological extension (ISO 24613-3) and a TEI serialization (ISO 24613-4)
The creation of a DARIAH Working Group on lexical resources which issponsoring two TEI-Lex0 workshops in 2018

Building off of recent efforts adressing etymology in TEI (cf. Bowers & Romary, 2016), TEILex0 Etym defines a more restrained set of options for encoding any given single
phenomena which are designed to be able to equally handle born-digital and retrodigitized print sources. The scope of our proposal covers the usage of the following
concepts central to etymological description:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Etymology element (<etym>): structuring etymology processes throughtyping and recursivity
Typology of etymological processes
Etymons and their forms
Related forms (cognates, and others)
Temporality of etymological processes(possibly shallow) Bibliographical references in etymologies`Prose description of etymological process and content

In our discussion we present examples from a set of historical print Germanic 6
etymological dictionaries as well as from other print and born digital sources.
References
Jack Bowers, Laurent Romary (2017). Deep encoding of etymological information in TEI.
Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, TEI Consortium,〈10.4000/jtei.1643〉. 〈hal01296498v2〉
Banski, Piotr, Jack Bowers, and Tomaz Erjavec (2017) “TEI-Lex0 guidelines for theencoding of dictionary information on written and spoken forms.” In Electronic
1

Austrian Center for Digital Humanities (ACDH), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW),Austria2
École Pratique de Hauts Études (ÉPHÉ), France
3
Berlin Brandenburgisch Akademie der Wissenschaften (BBAW), Germany
4
Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et Automatique (Inria), France5
http://www.cost.eu/COST_Actions/isch/IS1305
6
https://github.com/xlhrld/retro-dict243

[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Sessions IV (Room A1)

Lexicography in the 21st Century: Proceedings of ELex 2017 Conference, 485–494.
Lexical Computing.〈hal-01757108〉

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TEI 2018[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Session V (Room A2)
TEI as a Tool and Method for Analysis

Shakespeare and the Enumeration of Semantic
Universals
Brian L. Pytlik Zillig1, Mary K. Bolin1
Wierzbicka and Goddard (1994) describe a theory of semantic universals, basic meanings
common to all human languages. They have tested “Natural Semantic Metalanguage”(NSM) across many languages and have a list of 65 “semantic primes” that can be
expressed in English and other languages. The primes include: I, you, someone, be, do,have, think, good, bad, etc. These meanings can only be defined by using more complex
semantic units, and are therefore the most basic semantic structure of a language.
One technique of NSM analysis is “explication,” in which texts are rewritten using
semantic primes. Goddard and Wierzbicka (1994) give this explication of the word “terrible.”this X is very very badsomething very bad can happen because of thiswhen I think like this, I feel something very bad because of it
TEI texts can be used for the examination of NSM phenomena. NUPOS is a system foranalyzing texts grammatically, which can be used with software such as Philip Burns’
MorphAdorner, which normalizes and tags words as parts of speech and grammatical role
(NUIT 2013). The powerfully granular MorphAdorner analysis and NUPOS categories may
be combined with NSM analysis to produce data such as the frequencies of basic
meanings like think, know, etc., in early modern drama texts. Further manipulation of thedata might yield machine-generated NSM explications of these texts, as in the example
above.
We present an exploration of the results of combining MorphAdorner tagging
and NSM analysis of 112 TEI-encoded texts by Shakespeare, Marlowe, Jonson, Middleton,and Shirley to compare the presence of particular semantic primes in those texts, including
experimental visualizations of the data.
Texts used here mainly originated in the work of the Text Creation Partnership.
Martin Mueller provided additional WordHoard texts for the project.

TEI Processing Model - Beyond Books by Dead White
Men
Magdalena Turska2, Wolfgang Meier2
TEI Processing Model (TEI PM), recently integrated into TEI Guidelines, is an abstraction
layer which provides means of specifying the intended transformations for TEI elementswith the TEI ODD metalanguage. Formerly known as Simple Processing Model 3 (anoutcome of the TEI Simple project) it was first conceived as a solution for publishing earlymodern material encoded in TEI or ‘printed books by dead white men’ as the working

1

University of Nebraska, USA
eXist Solutions, Germany
3
TEI Simple https://teic.github.io/TEI-Simple/
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[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] LP Session V (Room A4)

summary went. Nevertheless, authors’ hopes were that Processing Model can stretch
further than limited scope targeted initially.
Since early days of TEI Simple we have periodically reported on continuous
development of the TEI PM and the TEI Publisher1 - software package implementing it in
XQuery for eXist-db platform. Experiments showed good results with large corpora ofmodern texts, including non-Western material2. As presented last year, even extending themodel for non-TEI vocabularies, e.g. DocBook, was fairly straightforward. Quite early on
successful attempt was made to use TEI PM in the context of papyrology3. We were thus
certain that PM can be employed also to produce high-quality critical edition of richly
encoded manuscript material.
Opportunity to prove it arrived with the SSRQ - the Collection of Swiss Law
Sources which contains material from the early middle ages until early modern times fromall language regions of Switzerland.
This large corpus has been enriched with vast critical apparatus, ranging fromtranscriptional features, such as additions, deletions or hand shifts to corrections andconjectures, marking of missing or unclear passages, place- and person names along withbroad commentary. All this information needs to be accessible for the reader while
conforming to long standing customs of presentation followed in the field.
While this project has indeed proved to be challenging, requiring roughly twice
as many lines of ODD to specify processing requirements as other editions we used TEI
PM so far, the difficulty was rather in tediousness of expressing numerous scenarios fordeeply nested encoding via ODD models than on a conceptual level. Furthermore, thisexercise of applying TEI PM brought new ideas for improvement of the TEI PM itself. We
hope that presenting this use case for the TEI PM will be interesting and beneficial for the
TEI community.

Hierarchies Made to Be Broken: A Standoff Approach to
the Frankenstein Bicentennial Variorum Edition
Elisa Eileen Beshero-Bondar4, Raffaele Viglianti5This paper addresses the challenges of collating digital editions made at different times bydifferent editors, and it discusses the bicentennial Frankenstein variorum project that theauthors are preparing to be released in 2018 in celebration of the bicentennial ofFrankenstein’s first publication. Comparing documents encoded in conflicting ways
encourages a view of TEI XML document hierarchies as “made to be broken,” that is,designed to be fragmented into comparable units.
Building on earlier discontinuous digital editions of Frankenstein, we break andtransform these source documents into bridgeable unit pieces optimized for machinecollation with CollateX6. The output of automated collation indicates variation among the
documents by converting the markup of the source files into plain text. Finally, we upconvert the simple collateX output to a stand-off format of TEI XML that holds pointers tospecific locations in the source editions. This permits us to build an edition interface that
preserves the diverse kinds of information encoded in the source editions.

1

TEI Publisher http://teipublisher.com
Cf. Foreign Relations of United States https://history.state.gov/ and SARIT - Search andRetrieval of Indic Texts http://sarit.indology.info/
3
Corpus of Pyu Inscriptions http://hisoma.huma-num.fr/exist/apps/pyu/index2.html
4
University of Pittsburgh, USA
5
University of Maryland, USA
6
CollateX software applies a graph-based model of text to locate variants in documents.
See https://collatex.net/doc/
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Stand-off collation identifies variant readings between texts by grouping pointers,
as opposed to grouping strings of text according to the parallel segmentation techniquedescribed in the TEI Guidelines, Chapter 12 1 . The TEI offers a stand-off method for
encoding variants, called “double-end-point-attachment”, in which variants can be
encoded separately from the base text. Despite its flexibility, this stand-off collation
method requires a “base text” (a single text to be preferred over the other variant texts) towhich anchor variant readings. While doing so is a traditional approach to preparing criticaleditions that long predates the digital age2, it is not ideal for variorum editions like ours that,by design, do not choose a base text3. Our approach, therefore, identifies variance andgroups readings without designating a base text and without conflating the source
witnesses into one document 4 . The authors share all the stages of their project with
documentationof
their
workflowon
GitHub(see
https://github.com/PghFrankenstein/Pittsburgh_Frankenstein) and seek to suggest new
options for the TEI Guidelines on applications of stand-off annotation in preparing variorum
editions.

1

See especially the TEI P5 Guidelines, 12.2.3 and 12.2.4: http://www.teic.org/release/doc/tei-p5-doc/en/html/TC.html#TCAPPS
2
See W. W. Greg's "The Rationale of Copy Text", Studies in Bibliography Vol. 3(1950/1951), 19-36, which famously challenged longstanding conventions of accepting thelast text edited by an author as the "best" text.
3
In 19th-century textual scholarship, for example, William Wordsworth's The Prelude is a
textbook example of a poem that altered drastically between its first publication in 1805
and its last in 1851 and there is no single preferred text. Standard print editions of thispoem (such as the Penguin edition of 1996) produce as many as four or five versions to beread together in various stages of drafting without designating which is to be preferred.
Pertinent to our project, James Rieger's edition of Frankenstein in 1974 presented multiple
versions of the novel in a way that challenged the long-standing notion that the last text
edited by Mary Shelley (1831) was necessarily the best text, and helped incentivize a newbasis for textual scholarship that made the selection of a preferred text an open question
rather than a determination of the scholarly editor. We therefore seek to construct a digital
edition that does not rely on the selection of a single preferred text. In the the digital arena
perhaps our closest "kin' project is Barbara Bordalejo's work on the Darwin Variorum.
http://darwin-online.org.uk/Variorum/1861/1861-1-c-1866.html, where it is possible forsite visitors to choose for themselves the editions they wish to see and compare,
expanding the purview beyond the traditionally best-known work of 1859. The interface
we are designing for our Frankenstein Variorum will resemble this one for giving readers
the options, and also providing information about each.
4
For a related example, see Viglianti, R. Music and Words: reconciling libretto and score
editions in the digital medium. “Ei, dem alten Herrn zoll’ ich Achtung gern’”, ed. Kristina
Richts and Peter Stadler, 2016, 727-755.
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[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] Panel Session II (Room B1,2,3)[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] Panel Session II (Room B1,2,3)

Facilitating the Dissemination of TEI-based Digital
Resources in Japan: As Early-Career Researchers from
Tokyo Digital History
Naoki Kokaze1, Soki Oda1, Boyoung Kim2, Natsuko Saji1
This panel has two aims. Firstly, we are going to introduce some projects which haveaddressed to disseminate TEI-based data for the humanities studies, among Japanese
academic communities. Secondly, we would like to consider what it means to researchersin early career stages that they engage in such DH projects, especially in terms of careermaking. In that sense, this panel necessarily introduces pilot projects.
As for the first point, in Japan, there are far less amount of structured open datafor humanities research than European and American communities, which encouraging
some of the Japanese researchers to take actions. Then, as the first speaker of this panel,
Soki Oda is going to present his research utilizing the TEI data provided by the Regesta
Imperii Online, as a reference case for us to found TEI-based data. Subsequently, Boyoung
Kim introduces projects of digitizing biographical materials held by the Shibusawa Eiichi
Memorial Foundation, Natsuko Saji shares with you the challenge of the Iwami Ginzan
World Heritage Center, and finally Naoki Kokaze demonstrates a relatively path-breaking
project, Engi-shiki.
Consequently, it should be valuable for us to discuss with participants the meritsof young researchers’ engaging in DH projects, comparing with the cases in the academia
of other countries.
Regesta Imperii Online: Visualizing Medieval Papal Legation
Presenter: Soki ODA
This paper shows a simple example of a project making use of TEI-encoded texts.
The project attempts to visualize the itineraries of papal legates in the Middle Ages byutilizing a dataset of TEI XML documents from Regesta Imperii (RI) Online.
RI chronologically records the activities evidenced by charters and other sourcesof the medieval German kings and Holy Roman Emperors as well as of the popes andsome cardinals in the form of German abstracts. RI Online, in which all printed volumes
are available in full text data, provides ca. 130,000 XML files of regesta.
In this paper the itinerary of Dominican friar and cardinal legate Hugo of St. Cheris visualized in TimelineJS, an open-source tool to build interactive timelines. It is difficult
to reconstruct medieval legatine journey because of the widespread itinerary and thescattered documents. However, the XML files from RI Online enable us to efficiently
analyze and visualize the issue dates, locations, recipients and contents of the legatine
documents.
Besides the visualization of the papal legation, I would like to show future
prospect of this project. I am planning to collect unedited legatine documents and markup
in accordance with the TEI guidelines. The TEI records will be disclosed in TAPAS Project.

1

The University of Tokyo, Japan
Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation, Japan
248
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Challenges for TEI-based Representation of Japanese Texts from the Shibusawa
Eiichi Memorial Foundation
Presenter: Boyoung Kim
In this presentation, I am going to introduce two pilot projects of the Shibusawa
Eiichi Memorial Foundation, so as to discuss some issues and challenges in TEI-based
representation of the Japanese digital resources.
The Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation is a non-governmental organization
with 130 years of history dating back to 1886. The Foundation is devoted to honoring andpromoting the achievements and ideas of Shibusawa Eiichi and the modernization ofJapan, especially business history, between the 19th and early 20th centuries. The
Foundation holds rich collections of a wide range of historical materials including books,
documents, audiovisual materials, artifacts, and even two buildings.
Biographical materials on Eiichi, one of the most important collections of theFoundation, had been accumulated in the sixty-eight volumes of the Shibusawa Eiichi
Denki Shiryo. The full collection of the Denki Shiryo is taking up over three shelves of abookshelf and totaling more than 48,000 pages. It has been digitized since 2004 and about
40,000 pages of texts in digital form with its image files have been available online for freesince 2016.
Now the Foundation is considering implementation of the Text Encoding
Initiative (TEI) for better preservation and sharing of these huge amounts of texts.
Especially, the Ebiki (image index) Database and the Jikken Rongo Shoseidan (series ofarticles based on Eiichi’s talk related to Analects and his experiences) Digital Edition,
started as pilot projects in 2018, are going to be the target sources of the TEI
implementation. I am going to share with the participants the challenges and problems
related to these projects.

Fig 1. Ebiki Database of the Shibusawa Eiichi Memorial Foundation

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[Day 5 (Thu) 9:00-10:30] Panel Session II (Room B1,2,3)

Liberate Multi-Language Primary Sources using TEI: A Case Study of Iwami-SilverMine
Presenter: Natsuko Saji
This research project aims to introduce a pilot project: to ‘TEI-nize’ abundant
existing primary sources concerning to Iwami-silver-mine: to liberate the sources to people
who do not recognize Japanese language.
Iwami was registered as a UNESCO world heritage in 2007, as it had been theone of the most important silver-mine in the early modern period. The sixteenth-century
would be called as ‘the century of silver’; silver produced in Japan and South America
circulated all over the world, which could encourage to proceed the globalization. It is
important to scrutinize regional studies on each mine and to consider comparisons andinteractions between each other, when to contemplate the global-scale silver flow.
However, it is difficult to share, with non-Japanese scholarships, what is written
in the old form of Japanese sources and the sources themselves, which makes people feelobscure to compare and think interconnections.
In order to think about the issues, thus, this project is not only to observe how to
TEI-nize sources of multi languages, but also to feed-back how to regard problems
occurring along with that such as the way to mark-up the units and technologies.
It is noteworthy that this project has a clear connection between the next paper
by Naoki Kokaze, in terms of encoding transactions extant in historical sources. In thatsense, this presentation deals with marking up basic information on mining in detail, basedon the geographical and chronological descriptions.
Engi-shiki: Towards an Exemplary Markup Project in Japan
Presenter: Naoki Kokaze
The paper reports a joint research achievement through examples of TEI markup,
based on ‘Transactionography,’ for an ancient Japanese historical source called Engi-shiki,
which was compiled as an administrative manual around the tenth century C.E.. Ours is across-institutional research group, between the National Museum of Japanese History andUniversity of Tokyo, that includes historians on ancient Japan and technical supporters.
One of our aims is to formulate a text database enabling historians to explore
numerous questions by making use of various machine-processable data on society andadministration in ancient Japan, according to their own interests. One similar research
project, the Japanese Historical Text Initiative, based at the center for Japanese Studies
at UC Berkeley, offers the Engi-shiki text written in Japanese and its English translation
with the images of one of the manuscript volumes. Whereas that JHTI deals with the first
10 volumes of the Engi-shiki, our project will provide structured data of the full fifty volumes.
In this presentation, I will provide you with both of the brief introduction andprospective view of this project, mentioning the possibility of connecting TEI and IIIF.

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TEI 2018[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VI (Room A1)
People, Persons, and Prosopography

TEI, the Walt Whitman Archive, and the Test of Time
Brett Barney1
The release notes for P5, version 2.0.0 TEI Guidelines (Nov. 2011) introduced new elements
intended to “facilitate a more ‘document-focussed’ (as opposed to ‘text-focussed’) way ofworking” and a “mechanism . . . to represent the evolution of a text through various writing
stages.” My experiences in a project funded by National Endowment for the Humanities
and Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft to test these new provisions suggest thatconsiderable work remains before the TEI can claim to serve the needs of editors wishingto encode temporality. The Guidelines continue to rely on a flawed distinction between
textual and non-textual features and provide insufficient guidance to those wishing toencode either fine-grained or inter-document diachronies.
Moreover, while <listChange> and its associated elements and attributes afford
reasonably well-articulated methods for encoding “revision campaigns,” my experiencesin using them to encode Whitman manuscripts shows them to be inadequate for either thetask of describing an editor’s theories about the step-by-step inscription of a single
document or for the task of encoding posited genetic relationships among documents.
Ideally, provisions should allow encoders to specify discrete parts of documents as wellas whole documents, to indicate gaps in the document record, and to hypothesize multiple,
even mutually exclusive, possible genetic relationships.
The potential scholarly benefits of refining the markup of intra-document
sequences are evident in several protypical interfaces created for the grant project. Forinter-document diachronies, two possible basic frameworks are worth considering: RDF
and “directed acyclic graphs,” as originally suggested by the Workgroup on Genetic
Editions.
References
Gerrit Brüning, Katrin Henzel, and Dietmar Pravida (2012): On the dual nature of written
texts and its implications for the encoding of genetic manuscripts. In dh2012 – Book of
Abstracts, Hamburg.
http://www.dh2012.uni-hamburg.de/conference/programme/abstracts/on-the-dualnature-of-written-texts-and-its-implications-for-the-encoding-of-genetic-manuscripts
Elena Pierazzo (2011): A rationale of digital documentary editions. In Literary and
Linguistic Computing 26/4. 463–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqr033

World Wide Women: TEI Prosopography and Global
Genealogy in Digital Dinah Craik
Karen Bourrier2, Kailey Fukushima3
In this paper, we explore the material conditions of digital editorial work that makeuncovering nineteenth-century women’s lives possible in the twenty-first century. Taking
our project, Digital Dinah Craik, a TEI edition of the letters of the bestselling Victorian author,
1

University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
University of Calgary, Canada
3
University of Victoria, Canada
2251[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VI (Room A1)

as a case study, we discuss how TEI prosopography templates push us to extend our
research practices beyond disciplinary and institutional borders. Following the work of
Alison Booth and others, who demonstrate that prosopography can mitigate the erasureof women’s lives, we combine digital scholarly editing with global genealogy in order tohighlight the role of international women in our prosopography. We argue that combining
research tools aimed at scholars, such as the TEI, with research tools aimed at generalaudiences, such as Ancestry.com and the British Newspaper Archive, leads us to a moreglobal picture of women’s and working-class histories. Our methods redress theacademy’s long tradition of suspicion towards what N. Katherine Hayles calls our “shadow
fields” (36). Hayles writes that scholars often dismiss research activity conducted fromoutside the ivory tower “because it is not concerned with the questions the scholar regards
as important or significant” (36). Although projects like the British Newspaper Archive are
primarily aimed at family historians, as Patrick Leary points out, they are alreadytransforming Victorianists’ digital research practices. The mass digitization of newspaperand census material represents a “tidal deposit” of previously undiscoverable information“about the quotidian lives and beliefs of people in the nineteenth century” (Leary 268). We
find that TEI prosopography templates push the boundaries of our research, spurring us
to gather data to fill the tagsets for each person mentioned in our corpus, and in theprocess decentering power dynamics as unknown women travellers like the Brazilian-born
Annie Miers get the same treatment as global literary celebrities.

Prosopography and Typological Analysis: Data Mining
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie
Tao Wang1
Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB) is an important tool for information about historicalfigures in the German-speaking world. The edition work was under the support of theHistorische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften and has beenlasted for more than thirty years (1875-1912) for a total of 56 volumes with about 26,500
personal information collected. For a long time, the academic circles viewed the ADB only
as reference book, which far underestimated the value of ADB. In fact, we can do somedata mining in the context of Digital Humanities. The dataset we use here in our project
benefits a lot from the technologies of TEI. We are not going to show how to deploy TEI,
but to present how structured historical material with the help of TEI can be used forInformation extraction.
Firstly, ADB can interpret historical figures with the idea of “Prosopography”.
Group biographies are particularly concerned with the trend of life expectancy. The entire
ADB contains 26,000 historical figures, with an exact date of birth and death reaching
20,000. We can immediately calculate the average life expectancy, according to different
time and to different occupations. We can see the different lifespan between historicalcelebrities and normal people. We can also see occupation is an important factor to affectlife expectancy. To give these findings a reasonable explanation is challenging.
Another set of basic information about historical figures in the ADB is about
where they were born and where they died. Based on the ADB’s information, themovement of different historical figures from birth to death constitutes a fine network; withthe aid of visualization tools, we can expose hidden information and outline a picture of
the migration of historical figures, which deduced the formation of the center city ofGermany. There is no doubt that there may be a relative concentration of birth and death,with the birth of more historical figures in certain places or the death of more people incertain locations. We present these factors as a weighted item in the visualization of theillustrations, produced a “death map” of the Germans and obtained interesting discoveries.
1

Nanjing University, China
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ADB’s editorial team undoubtedly tried to emphasize that these locations are inextricably
linked to Germany in history. The death map of the Germans also make us more intuitively
aware that the competition between “Großdeutsche Lösung” and “Kleindeutsche Lösung”
has a complicated historical fact. It is worth emphasizing that despite the existence of a
relatively concentrated cities, the distribution and development of cities are relatively
balanced across the entire German Empire.
Thirdly, as far as the overall occupation is concerned, ADB provided us with richdata from the 10th century onwards. Robert Merton, the American sociologist, used
quantitative analysis to study the occupational status in England during 17th century.
Merton tried to find the reason for the sudden emergence of British scientists in the 17th
century. Through his macroscopic study on career change, he found that there was aconnection between the accelerated development of British science and the transfer ofprofessional interests of the elite in England at that time. We want to know, in the German
context, the secular occupation changes can reflect the changing characteristics of thetimes? Is there any connection between the acceleration development of German society
and the transfer of professional interests of the elite in Germany?
Figures are always the protagonists in promoting historical development.
Biographical data will become an important clue for our understanding of history. Therefore,
ADB has a special exemplary role, the academic community is also increasing emphasison the processing of biographical dataset. When ADB project finished in 1912, a new
project, an upgraded version of ADB, Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB) launched in 1953.
Subsequently, in the field of history there has also been attempts of biographical data toencompass a wider range of people, including the use of “relational” database thinking
and the open-access idea for free sharing of information. With the support of the Deutsche
Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), the German academic community launched a larger
program called the “Deutsche Biographie” (DB), which not only expanded the “German”
extension (in 2015, DB covered a total of 500,000 historical figures), but also on thetechnical form of the presentation biographical information, increasingly become theGerman world’s important “Historical Information System.” The biographical database
represented by ADB is a gold mine for researchers and there are many hidden information
worth exploring. Although our work has just begun, the present findings have opened
another face for us in German history.

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[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VII (Room A2)[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VII (Room A2)
Editing and Analysis

Genetic Encoding: A Reassessment with Lessons fromthe Faust Edition
Gerrit Brüning1
Around the same time as this year’s TEI conference, version 1.0 of the Faust edition will
be made open for the public. When the Faust edition (http://beta.faustedition.net/) wasstarted in 2009, there were few approaches to genetic encoding. The project played an
active role in the development of the “Encoding Model for Genetic Editions” (2010), mostparts of which were integrated in chapter 11 of the TEI Guidelines in 2011.
With this first TEI P5 version 2 scholars face a variety of ways to represent
witnesses. Besides new elements and attributes in chapter 11, version 2 allows for various
encoding approaches that depend on how “document-focused” or how “text-focused” anencoder wishes an encoding to be. He or she may stick to the well-established structuralelements and may or may not add some ‘genetic’ elements and attributes. Alternatively,
an encoder might abandon the structural hierarchy and might instead embrace the spatiallydefined <sourceDoc>. The hierarchy of the traditional elements has no syntacticalcounterpart in <sourceDoc>, since its descendants <line> and <zone> may be nested
freely (while in other respects the content model of the element <line> is strict).
As a result, even someone who is up-to-date with the current version of chapter
11 is unable to foresee how other scholars would encode a given document. It is, therefore,
all the more import that we constantly discuss and compare our various approaches,current projects’ experiences, challenges and solutions. This will be especially helpful for
projects that are still in preparatory stage and want to make an educated decision between
the various approaches. The talk pays attention to other notable projects such as theShelley-Godwin Archive and addresses questions like: Do ‘genetic’ and “documentfocused” encoding imply each other? What is “document-focused” encoding good for,what are its inherent weaknesses?
References
Brüning, Gerrit, Katrin Henzel, and Dietmar Pravida (2013) ‘Multiple Encoding in
Genetic Editions: The Case of “Faust”’, Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, 4,
https://journals.openedition.org/jtei/697.
Muñoz, Trevor, and Raffaele Viglianti (2014) ‘Texts and Documents: New Challenges for
TEI Interchange and Lessons from the Shelley-Godwin Archive’, Journal of the Text
Encoding Initiative, 8, https://journals.openedition.org/jtei/1270.

1

Goethe University of Frankfurt, Germany
254

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Métopes + TXM: Integrating Text Publishing and Text
Analysis Tools Based on TEI Encoding
Alexei Lavrentiev1, Charles Bourdot2, Serge Heiden3This paper presents an experience of creating workflows in text publishing and text corpus
analysis projects that integrate, thanks to TEI encoding, two sets of tools created for
different purposes.
The first set of tools is called Métopes (Métodes et outils pour l’édition structurée,or Methods and tools for structured publishing)4. It was developed by the Pôle document
numérique of the Research centre for the Humanities (MRSH) in Caen (France) andconsists in a full single-source publishing toolchain. After primary editing with Microsoft
Word the documents are converted using special macros to TEI, which is the core format
for further editing and for all publication forms, including PDF for printing (finalized with
InDesign), ePubs and online editions produced dynamically from TEI sources by the MaX
tool (based on BaseX)5. Métopes has been adopted by a number of French academic
publishers.
TXM6, on the other hand, is a free and open-source (GPL V3. licence) Java andC based platform for text corpus building, annotation and analysis. It includes NLP tools,
search engines and visualization tools with convenient hyperlinks between distantsynthetic quantitative analysis to close reading views . TXM uses TEI (with a couple ofextension elements)7 as an internal format for encoding the text structure and all kinds ofannotations.
So, both Métopes and TXM rely on TEI markup. However, Métopes focuses on
general text structure and on presentational aspects (e.g. it is very sensitive to whitespaces), while TXM needs to perform precise linguistic analysis (e.g. tokenisation,
language identification in multi-language documents).
Thanks to funding from CAHIER consortium8, an intern from Caen worked forthree months with the TXM team in 2017. He created a set of XSLT and CSS stylesheetsthat make it possible to correctly parse and analyse a Métopes produced text file or corpus
with TXM, and to generate high quality publications based on texts prepared for TXM
analysis. In many cases both tools use the same TEI tags, which makes integration quite
straightforward. In other cases, more work is necessary to ensure full compatibility (e.g.
generating table of contents in TXM or supporting word-level annotation by Métopes tools).
A further integration step may consist in creating a single editorial and analytical toolchain
for text scholars. A simplified workflow chart of this chain is presented in the Figure 1.
The work done so far is documented on a wiki page9, and the scripts (Groovy
and XSLT) are available for download under an LGPL license. All documentation iscurrently only available in French but we are interested in collaboration for its translation
into English and other languages.
In the presentation at the conference we will provide on methodological aspectsof combining analytic and editorial markup, and will show examples of works preparedusing both TXM and Métopes.

1

CNRS, France
Université d'Angers, France3
ENS de Lyon, Frace4
http://www.unicaen.fr/recherche/mrsh/document_numerique/outils/metopes
5
http://www.unicaen.fr/recherche/mrsh/document_numerique/outils/max
6
http://textometrie.org
7
https://wiki.tei-c.org/index.php/TXM
8
https://groupes.renater.fr/wiki/txm-info/public/xml_tei_txm
9
https://groupes.renater.fr/wiki/txm-users/public/usr_mrsh
2255[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] LP Session VII (Room A2)

Figure 1. Text analysis and publication workflow integrating Métopes and TXM

Quotes, Paraphrases, and Allusions: Text-reuse in
Sanskrit Commentaries and How to Encode it
Patrick McAllister1
The Sanskrit literary genre of commentaries has several characteristics that are a challenge
to the structural encoding of its texts. One particular tricky feature is the skillful andsophisticated reuse of texts in such commentaries: whilst one can easily distinguishdifferent types of (what we currently call) ‘quotes’—literal ones, paraphrases, allusions,summaries—it is often helpful also to differentiate the voice in which the text is reused (thatof an opponent, an ally, or someone in between), as well as to note the varying degrees ofauthority and acceptance that are attached to a ‘quote’.
The talk will present several practical examples of encoding these types of
passages, drawing on the documents of SARIT (“Search and Retrieval of Indic Texts”,
http://sarit.indology.info) and the presenter’s own encoding projects. The discussion of theadvantages and disadvantages of the various approaches will consider three related but
distinct purposes that this encoding should serve: to allow an editor to judge textual
variation between quoted source and its quote, to allow a reader to glean helpful hints forunderstanding the text, and to allow for an easy extraction and presentation of the encoded
information.

1

Institute for the Cultural and Intellectual History of Asia (IKGA), Austrian Academy of
Sciences, Austria
256

TEI 2018[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] SP Session III (Room B1,2,3)

On Global, Formal Languages, and the Others
Susanna Allés-Torrent1, Mitsunori Ogihara1
Our contribution arises from our experience on creating undergraduate DH courses, andthe challenges encountered to balance the use of TEI, as a Global language, and its
integration in different pedagogical contexts, namely in the foreign language classroom.
While sometimes the nature of the languages studied differs —formal and artificial
languages encapsulate human thoughts and information processing; natural languages are
the instinctive expressions that materialize human thinking—, in both scenarios we deal
with the ultimate goal of using a communication system to establish interactions (humanhuman, human-machine, and machine-machine). In late debates on Global-Local, NorthSouth, or Center-Periphery, the TEI serves as a paradigmatic case, allowing for many years
the interchange of texts, with a well-deserved international impact. When teaching TEI
students learn a different approach to texts, they consider the textual structure and thesemantics of the text and they translate it in a machine-readable form (Battershill & Ross
2017; Rehbein & Fritze 2012). Learning TEI gives the students the skills for annotating any
kind of document with a shared syntax and with specific semantics, and for sharing any
type of data information with other users while minimizing misunderstandings. TEI’s global
dimension, however, can sometimes be challenged by practice and specific contexts (Dee2014). We will offer different scenarios and solutions, including teaching TEI in foreign
language classrooms (Spanish), where the students must learn, at the same time, a foreign
natural language and a global language for its annotation. We present some strategies
where TEI empowers the interpretative processes for cultural and literary texts, conceiving
TEI as a way of close reading for the appropriation both of the literary meaning and of aforeign second language. We also report some initiatives undertaken to solve the dearthof non-English resources, such as the creation of online ad hoc pedagogical materials, andan initiative to revise and complete the Spanish translation of the Guidelines.
References
Battershill, Claire, and Shawna Ross (2017) Using Digital Humanities in the Classroom.
A Practical Introduction for Teachers, Lecturers, and Students. London; New York:
Bloomsbury.
Dee, Stella (2014) “Learning the TEI in a Digital Environment.” Journal of the Text Encoding
Initiative 7 (November). doi.org/10.4000/jtei.968
Rehbein, Malte, and Christiane Fritze (2012) “Hands-On Teaching Digital Humanities: A
Didactic Analysis of a Summer School Course on Digital Editing”. Digital Humanities
Pedagogy. Practices, Principles and Politics, ed. by Brett Hirsch. Cambridge: OpenBook Publishers. doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0024.

On Structuralism and the Predictive Attribution of Type
Vinayak Das Gupta2
It is well established that the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI) follows a model that assumes
that a text is hierarchical – that it is an ordered hierarchy of content objects (Renear 1993;
Hayles 2005; Cummings 2008). In other words, TEI resists the poststructuralist turn,1
2

University of Miami, USA
Shiv Nadar University, India

257

[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] SP Session III (Room B1,2,3)

proposing an older, structuralist view of the written word. This proposed scientificobjectivity in the realm of literary studies, by subordinating ‘parole’ to ‘langue’ (Bakhtin), isthought to be of significance in creating a machine-readable (and human-readable)
document. Such a structuralist perspective foregrounds the patterns, systems, andstructures of a text over the specific content. If we are to agree that a particular form of atext (for instance, a poem, a novel, or a play) has specific components (the basis on which
TEI schemata exist) that are contingent on the form, we can argue that if certain
components of a text appear in a certain order, it is of a particular form. This follows fromthe writings of Levi-Strauss proposing that structures are universal, hence ahistorical1.
The Letters of 1916 are born from crowd-sourced transcriptions which are given
some markers (in the form of tags); could the structure of the text -- as made distinct byspecific markers like <address>, <date>, <salutation>, <signed>, <pb>, <p> etc. – be used
to predict the form of the document (letter, postcard etc.)? This paper produces atheoretical argument connecting structuralism and how it plays a key role in our attempts
to identify the form of a document.
References
Bakhtin, M. (1981). The Dialogic Imagination. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Cummings, J. (2008). ‘The Text Encoding Initiative and the Study of Literature.’ A
Companion to Digital Literary Studies, ed. Susan Schreibman and Ray Siemens.
Oxford: Blackwell.
Hayles, N. Katherine (2005). My Mother Was a Computer: Digital Subjects and Literary
Texts. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
McGann, J. (2001). Radiant Textuality: Literature After the World Wide Web. Palgrave.
Renear A., E. Mylonas, and D. Durand (1993). Refining our Notion of What Text Really Is:
The Problem of Overlapping Hierarchies.
<http://www.stg.brown.edu/resources/stg/monographs/ohco.html>. Accessed April
19, 2018. <http://www.digitalhumanities.org/companionDLS/> Accessed April 19,
2018.

Encoding GeoJSON Geometries in TEIMartin Holmes2
Abstract
This presentation will address two distinct but related issues concerning the representationof feature geometries on two-dimensional surfaces in TEI.
Over the last decade, GeoJSON has proved itself as a simple, efficient and richstandard for encoding map features, and is widely used throughout the GIS community,
eclipsing other apparently more XML-friendly options such as GML and KML. As more TEI
projects incorporate GIS data, there is a need to provide examples of good practice whichenable the integration of GeoJSON-encoded feature geometries (Point, LineString,
Polygon, MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon and MultiGeometry) with TEI encoding.
The first half of this presentation will show how the University of Victoria’s BreezeMap
project is approaching this problem.
The second half of the presentation will address the need to encode similarcomplex geometries inside the TEI <facsimile> element, to represent points, lines and1

This paper is aware of the debate surrounding the issues with hierarchical organisationof text as proposed by Jacques Derrida, or, in the case of TEI, by Jerome McGann.
McGann contends that ‘its [XML’s] hierarchical principles and other design characteristics
set permanent and unacceptable limits on its usefulness with arts and humanities
materials.’ (17: 2001). This paper will attempt to engage with this area of inquiry to someextent.
2
University of Victoria, Canada
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polygons on text-bearing surfaces or other two-dimensional coordinate spaces. The modelof GeoJSON can be helpful here too, and although the existing TEI element-set (<surface>,<zone>, and the soon-to-be-added <path>), along with their current attribute array,already make this possible, there are many possible approaches that might be taken forany given geometry. It would be desirable to settle on a set of best practices and exemplify
them in the TEI Guidelines.
1. GeoJSON and BreezeMap
Although the GeoJSON format was both stable and widely supported by 2008, it was not
until 2016 that the Internet Engineering Task Force adopted it, with some minor changes,
as an RFC (IETF 2016). Software support for GeoJSON is now virtually universal in the
mapping community.
GeoJSON provides a clear and easily-processable array of feature geometries,
including primitives (Point, LineString, Polygon) and complex combinations (MultiPoint,
MultiLineString, MultiPolygon and MultiGeometry) to enable the encoding of locations(features) on a mapping surface using GIS coordinates.
Our BreezeMap project aims to create a toolset based on OpenLayers,
GeoJSON and TEI for creating interactive maps and gazetteers, as well as an approachfor encoding complex features on textual facsimiles and other surfaces represented as
two-dimensional digital images. This presentation will discuss the approaches taken to
integrating TEI and GeoJSON in the BreezeMap project.
2. Mapping in TEI
Projects marrying TEI and GIS are increasingly common (Hickcox et al 2013, Jenstad 2006present). The TEI treats places as first-order entities, and building a gazetteer using<listPlace> and <place> is straightforward, but support for actual GIS is currently very
limited (see my TEI feature request Need to improve GIS/gazetteer encoding support in
TEI). The TEI <geo> element “contains any expression of a set of geographic coordinates,
representing a point, line, or area on the surface of the earth in some notation.” (TEI 2018),
a rather vague definition which is currently supplemented by only a few examples showing
single points encoded as a simple coordinate pair, or embedded GML showing a Linear
Ring. For encoders who would like to make use of the range of geometries available inmodern mapping standards, it would help to have a few clear examples showing GeoJSON
embedded in TEI, as in Example 1, which is taken from a campus map that forms one of
the test projects in BreezeMap:<place xml:id="bldgElliottTheatre" corresp="#bldgTeaching"><placeName>Elliott Lecture Theatre</placeName><desc>...</desc><location type="GeoJSON"><geo
crs="urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84"
geoEncoding="GeoJSON">"geometry":{"type":"Polygon","coordinates":[[[-123.3108016,48.4627526],[-123.3102577,48.4627937],[123.3102336,48.4626537],[-123.3102028,48.4624747],[-123.3107466,48.4624335],[123.310778,48.4626155],[-123.3108016,48.4627526]]]}</geo></location></place>
Example 1. A TEI <place> element incorporating GeoJSON geometry.
The @crs and @geoEncoding attributes, which are part of the feature request mentioned
above, will provide better options for machine-readable encoding than the current<geoDecl> header element allows. The actual feature geometry is expressed in its pure
GeoJSON format, and is easily machine-readable. Converting a TEI gazetteer constructed
like this into a GeoJSON file for display in a mapping application is trivial, especially withXSLT 3.0’s enhanced support for JSON.
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3. Facsimiles
The GeoJSON RFC specifies that “GeoJSON uses a geographic coordinate reference
system, World Geodetic System 1984, and units of decimal degrees.,” and “the first twoelements [of a position] are longitude and latitude, or easting and northing,” (IETF 2016);
in other words, it is intended only for geographic data. However, there is nothing intrinsic
to the specification of geometries in the RFC which precludes using the same structures
to describe features on any two- or three-dimensional surface. The same types of feature(points, lines, polygons, and combinations of them) are a natural fit when annotating
manuscript images, engravings, and other pictorial or textual content in any TEI project
which incorporates a facsimile component. A mapping library such as OpenLayers willhappily display any static image with features described in “GeoJSON” which actuallyconsist only of pixel offsets. This is the approach we take when encoding pseudogeographical coordinates on historical maps which are not, or cannot be, geo-rectified, as
in the case of the Agas Map (Jenstad et al. 2015).

Figure 1. A detail from the Agas Map, which shows features outlines using polygons andlines which are expressed in GeoJSON in the TEI encoding.

This makes “GeoJSON” (or at least, its formal structure) a natural fit for rendering
annotated images, and interfaces such as those provided by OpenLayers drawing tools agood option for “authoring” such features. The question then is how best to encode theresulting data, in a non-lossy manner, in the existing TEI elements for describing features
on a surface (<zone> and the soon-to-be-available <path>). Browser-based drawing tools
developed and optimized for maps can now provide a more powerful alternative to older,less sophisticated tools for facsimile editing, such as my own Image Markup Tool (Holmes
2012).
The remainder of this presentation will examine ways in which such geometries
can be encoded in TEI, and easily recovered into GeoJSON structures for rendering
purposes.
Keywords
maps, GeoJSON, facsimiles
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References
Hickcox, Alice, Michael C. Page, and Randy Gue (2013) “The Atlanta Map project: TEI
and GIS collaborate to create a research environment.” Digital Humanities 2013
Conference, Nebraska. http://dh2013.unl.edu/abstracts/ab-416.html.
Holmes, Martin (2012) Image Markup Tool. Version 1.8.2.2.
https://hcmc.uvic.ca/~mholmes/image_markup/.
Internet Engineering Task Force (2016) The GeoJSON Format. Request for Comments(RFC) No. 7946. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7946.
Jenstad, Janelle, Kim McLean-Fiander, Greg Newton and Martin Holmes (2015) “How
To Edit a Map in TEI.” Digital Humanities 2015 Conference, Sydney, Australia.
http://dh2015.org/abstracts/xml/JENSTAD_Janelle_Auriol_How_To_Edit_a_Map_in_T
EI//JENSTAD_Janelle_Auriol_How_To_Edit_a_Map_in_TEI.html.
Jenstad, Janelle. 2006-present. The Map of Early Modern London.
http://mapoflondon.uvic.ca/
TEI Consortium (2018) TEI Guidelines, version 3.3.0.

Automatically Encoding Encyclopedic-like Resources in
TEI
Mohamed Khemakhem1,2,3, Laurent Romary1,2,4, Simon Gabay5, Hervé
Bohbot6, Francesca Frontini6, Giancarlo Luxardo6
Encyclopedic content exists in different forms of paper-based resources and remains to avery large extent not exploited given the limited alternatives to extract information from thecorresponding digitized material. Where TEI has provided mechanisms for encoding sucha content, recent works have yielded advanced techniques to apply these mechanisms
automatically on raw resources, however clear recommendations for the encoding of suchcontent is still lacking.
As current digitization projects concern encyclopedias, other projects areundertaken to digitize textual resources with heritage significance and with similar featuresin terms of layout and indexed access. In this paper we introduce new lexicographic
models, customizing the TEI schema, we extend existing ones and we present theirapplication on two categories of resources, currently under development to be madeavailable for public use:••

Encyclopedic sections of early, out of copyright, versions of a reference
French Dictionary (Petit Larousse Illustré),
Manuscripts auction catalogues, which are old resources for referencing andsemantically describing manuscripts for sale.

The definition of these models is based on the significant similarities noticed at different
levels of the described information in such entry-based resources. We have employedelements from the TEI dictionaries module to enable the segmentation of morphologicaland semantic information encompassed by respectively <form> and <sense> elements,
already extracted by dedicated existing models in GROBID-Dictionaries7’s architecture. In
fact, each entry in both types of resources carries two main encyclopedic information. First,
1

Inria ALMAnaCH, FranceCentre Marc Bloch, Germany
3
Paris Diderot University, France
4
Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Germany
5
Université de Neuchâtel - Institut de littérature française, France
6
Univ Paul Valéry Montpellier 3, CNRS, PRAXILING UMR 5267, France
7
https://github.com/MedKhem/grobid-dictionaries/2261

[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] SP Session III (Room B1,2,3)

the name or the label of a concept, coupled with one or more of its extended form andcoming sometimes with a brief description. Then, a second block comes to establish an
exhaustive description of the concept and to present related information such as
bibliography or pricing. In addition, we have used a customized version of the <entry>
element to allow the generic encoding of entry numbering (see second excerpt in the tablebelow).
TEI encoding<entry><form type="lemma"><persName>ABERDEEN</persName><addName>(G. H. Gordon,
comte d’)</addName><pc>,</pc><desc>hommed’Etatanglais, né à Edimbourg</desc></form><pc>.</pc><sense><def>Premier ministre en
1852, il conclut avec la France une alliance
contre la Russie (1784-1860)</def></sense><pc>.</pc></entry>

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Excerpt from Dictionary Encyclopedic
Section in Petit Larousse Illustré (1948)

TEI 2018

TEI encodingِExcerpt from a Manuscripts Auction
Catalogue (1889)<entry><num>49</num><form type="lemma"><surName>Kourakin</surName><addName>(le prince AlexisB.),</addName><desc> frère du précédent,
homme d’Etat russe.</desc></form><sense><pc>-</pc><def><bibl>Billet auto sig., enfrancais, à M. Monférand, 1 p, in-8.</bibl><num type="price">2 »</num></def></sense></entry><entry><num>54</num><form type="lemma"><surname>Lassalle</surname><addName>(A.-Ch.-L.
de)</addName>,<desc>leplus
brillant
général de cavalerie des guerres de laRépublique et de l’EmpIre, né à Metz, tué à labataille de Wagram</desc></form><sense> .<def><bibl>L. a. s. au général
Dugua; 1 p. in-f.</bibl><num type="price">10»</num></def><note>Superbe lettre sur lacampagne d’Egypte. Il profite du départ dugénéral Desaix pour lui donner des nouvelles.
Desaix lui laisse le commandement de lacolonne qui doit poursuivre Mourad-Bey, etqui se compose de 400 hommes de cavalerie,
4 pièces de canon et 160 dromadaires. Le
général Boyer a, dans une petite affaire, tué
10 mameloucks et 40 arabes, etc.</note></sense></entry>263

[Day 5 (Thu) 10:45-12:15] SP Session III (Room B1,2,3)

We employed the adapted and newly defined models to automatically process and label
the encyclopedic information in a cascading fashion, as introduced in Khemakhem et al.
2017 and Khemakhem et al. 2018, by relying on the same sequence labeling machinelearning technique.
We will present in-depth our progress in implementing morphological andsemantic models and show through the results at each structuring level how suchinformation could be uniformly encoded and automatically extracted from these resources.
References
Mohamed Khemakhem, Luca Foppiano, Laurent Romary (2017) Automatic Extractionof TEI Structures in Digitized Lexical Resources using Conditional Random Fields.
electronic lexicography, eLex 2017, Sep, Leiden, Netherlands
Mohamed Khemakhem, Axel Herold, Laurent Romary (2018) Enhancing Usability for
Automatically Structuring Digitised Dictionaries. GLOBALEX workshop at LREC 2018,
May, Miyazaki, Japan.
Hervé Bohbot, Francesca Frontini, Giancarlo Luxardo, Mohamed Khemakhem,
Laurent Romary (2018) Presenting the Nénufar Project: a Diachronic Digital Edition of
the Petit Larousse Illustré. GLOBALEX 2018 - Globalex workshop at LREC 2018, May,
Miyazaki, Japan.

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TEI 2018[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] LP Session VIII (Room A1)
Encoding: Etymology, Liturgy, and Festivals

Encoding Mixtepec-Mixtec Etymology in TEIJack Bowers1, Laurent Romary2
In this paper we present the encoding of Mixtepec-Mixtec language (iso 639-3: mix)
etymological information in TEI which is one component of a larger ongoing language
documentation project (Bowers & Romary, 2017a). Mixtepec-Mixtec is an under-resourced
Otomonguean language spoken in Juxtlahuaca district of Oaxaca, and parts of the
Guerrero and Puebla states of Mexico.
Though no variety of Mixtecan has any orthographic or phonetic attestation
before 15673,4, there is nonetheless a great deal we can see with regards to the origin of awide variety of the vocabulary, particularly by means of: polysemy, compounds, inference
via anthropological knowledge and some evidence is even visible in the various
pictographic Mixtec codexes5.
Mixtecan semantics, polysemy and lexical innovation have been the topic of anumber of important studies (cf. Brugman,1983; Brugman and Macaulay,1986; Hollenbach,1995). These works provide a number of examples (particularly from body-part terms andspatial terms) which bring to light certain patterns observable in language change whichshow clear evidence for underlying conceptual and cognitive motivations and mechanisms
involved. The data from Mixtepec-Mixtec adds to this discussion. Specific phenomena
observed and encoded in the dataset include: borrowing, inheritance (in conjunction withcognates from related varieties of Mixtec), derivation, compounding, various sensechanges such as: metaphor and metonomy, and grammaticalization.
Thus, herein we will introduce some of the more interesting observations in
Mixtepec-Mixtec etymology while demonstrating the application of recommendations put
forth for the encoding of etymological information in TEI of Bowers & Romary (2017b),
Sagot (2017), as well as expansions to the former as per Bowers et al (forthcoming).
References
Bowers J. and L. Romary (2017a) “Language Documentation and Standards in Digital
Humanities: TEI and the documentation of Mixtepec-Mixtec,” JADH 2017: Proceedingsof the 7th Conference of Japanese Association for Digital Humanities “Creating Datathrough Collaboration”, Sep, Kyoto, Japan. 〈hal-01744813〉
Bowers J. and L. Romary (2017b). “Deep encoding of etymological information in TEI,”
Journal of the Text Encoding Initiative, TEI Consortium, 〈https://jtei.revues.org/1643〉.
〈10.4000/jtei.1643〉.〈hal-01296498v2〉
Bowers J., B. Sagot and L. Romary. Unpublished manuscript. “Going deeper into theencoding of etymology in TEI”.
Brugman, C. (1983). “The use of body-part terms as locatives in Chalcatongo Mixtec,”
Survey of California and Other Indian Languages, 4, 239–290.

1

Austrian Center for Digital Humanities (ACDH), Austrian Academy of Sciences (ÖAW),Austria2
Inria, France
3
Hernández, Fray Benito. 1567. Doctrina Christiana en Lengua Mixteca. México: Casa dePedro Ocharte.
4
The varieties in attested in the above were from Tlaxiaco and Ayutla5
It should be noted though the content of the codexes are not language specific and are
not unique to the Mixtepec variety.
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Brugman, C., & Macaulay, M. (1986). “Interacting semantic systems: Mixtec expressionsof location,” In Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society (Vol. 12, pp. 315–
327). Retrieved fromhttp://journals.linguisticsociety.org/proceedings/index.php/BLS/article/download/317
9/2898Hollenbach, B. E. (1995). “Semantic and Syntactic Extensions of Body-Part Terms in
Mextecan: The Case of “Face” and “Foot”,” International Journal of American
Linguistics, 168–190.
Sagot B. (2017). “Extracting an Etymological Database from Wiktionary,” Electronic
Lexicography in the 21st century (eLex 2017), Sep, Leiden, Netherlands. pp.716-728,〈https://elex.link/elex2017/〉.〈hal-01592061〉

Encoding Liturgy - from the Haggadah to a General
SchemaYael Netzer1, Sinai Rusinek2, Andrew Irving3, Clemens Leonhard4
Liturgical texts are an endeavor to standardize ritualized behavior in a context of a tradition
which is normative, yet fluid. Such texts pose various challenges to their encoding in TEI,
the most baffling of which are related to their performative nature. They prescribe asequence of actions, gestures, and postures; some contain the utterance of words.
Scribes of liturgical texts avail themselves of intricate cues - textual and visual - todemarcate prescriptions of utterances and of actions. Yet, relying on implicit knowledgeof the practitioners of liturgy, these cues are often inconsistent, and may change even
within one document, for example, for aesthetic considerations.
Our primary dilemma is: should encoding keep faithful to the concrete
manuscripts as an object in front of the readers, with its codicological and palaeographicalfeatures, or rather, our own understanding of the textual structure and the authorial
intentions? TEI severely restricts the application of different grids and layers of structure
within one text.
Our chosen text, the Haggadah, is read annually at the eve of passover in Jewish
families since at least the Middle Ages. It stages the fulfilment of the duty of the head of
the family or the presider of a group to transfer the memory of liberation from slavery in
Egypt to the family’s children, and to discuss the historical identity of the people with theparticipants. Like other liturgical texts such as the Christian Mass, its performance
represents bits of collective memory of the ceremony.
This is not the first attempt to represent liturgical text within the TEI framework5.
Conversing with our predecessors, we do propose a set of liturgical tags, such as<liturgUnit> <instructions> and <liturgFormula>, as part of a schema that will enable abetter representation of liturgical texts of various types and of their unique features andidiosyncrasies.

1

Ben Gurion University, Dicta, Tel Aviv University, Israel
Haifa University, Bar Ilan University, Open University, Israel
3
University of Groningen, Netherland
4
University of Münster, Germany
5
James Cummings: CURSUS An On-line Resource of Medieval Liturgical Texts.
<http://www.arts-humanities.net/node/2113> created: 2007-07-20, last updated 2011-0511 15:38. Idem, (2006). Liturgy, Drama, and the Archive: Three conversions from legacy
formats to TEI XML. Digital Medievalist. 2. DOI: http://doi.org/10.16995/dm.11
266
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Documentation and Digitisation of Festival in Pelu
Awofeso’s White Lagos: A Definitive and Visual Guide to
the Eyo Festival
Felix Bayode Oke1
Festivals are significant events in the social and cultural reality of a people. To preserve
cultural heritage, specialists capture what happens before, during, and after a festival byinterviewing participants, taking photographs and record audio and video of the event, etc.
For example, Pelu Awofeso has documented the Lagos Eyo Festival (also known as the
Adamo Orisha Play) in his work White Lagos: A Definitive and Visual Guide to the EyoFestival, in which he observes participants and uses a narratological approach to
document the event in textual form. In this paper, I argue that the use of TEI, with its tagging
for recording events and dialogue between speakers and its semantic markup forparticipants, places, and organisations, will enhance the preservation, data protection, andprivacy of textual documentation of festivals.
Keywords
Digitisation, Eyo Festival, cultural heritage, Text Encoding Initiative, Digital Festival

1

Anchor University Lagos, Nigeria

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[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] LP Session IX (Room A2)[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] LP Session IX (Room A2)
Encoding: Newspapers, Commentaries, and Manuscripts

Creating a Digital Newspaper Collection in Dialogue with
its Users
Dario Kampkaspar1, Claudia Resch1
At last year’s TEI conference, we presented the Wiennerisches Diarium, one of the oldest
newspapers in the world. The project aims at providing (in a first step) 5 issues for almost
every year between the first issue in 1703 and 1799. While the full text is provided byautomatic text recognition and subsequent proofreading, annotations to the text – free text,
labels for a paragraph, and identification of a person, place, event or other phenomena ofinterest – will be made by the users themselves.
In order to better understand our user’s needs, we have involved interested
scientists from different disciplines in two “annotate-a-thons” and, in the course of a two
day conference in April, met those who already use the “Diarium” and those who areinterested in doing so to discuss how a digital edition of historical newspapers should
ideally look like to lend itself to research scenarios from a range of different disciplines.
Participants at the conference were asked to fill in a questionnaire about functionalities
needed for their research and what kinds of annotations they want to make. A final analysis,
however, has yet to be done and will be presented at the conference.
An application is currently pending for a grant to deepen the research into howusers interact with a digital edition and how the interface should be designed to make thisinteraction as easy as possible. The Diarium framework will implement these findings as
far as possible. Its current features include administrative functions, full text search anduser annotations. All user-supplied information is kept separate from the text. While still
under development, a release of the framework is planned for summer. The project will
share its findings, especially the results of the questionnaire and design research, via TEIL and the SIG newspapers and periodicals.

How to Encode the Tibetan Commentaries on the
Abhidharmasamuccaya
Koichi Takahashi2, Hiroshi Nemoto3
This presentation introduces our project researching on the classical Tibetan
commentaries on the Abhidharmasamuccaya, a glossary of the Buddhist technical terms.
It was written in Sanskrit about 5C, and translated into Tibetan about 8C. This work
arguably didn’t draw attention in India, but Tibetan Buddhist scholars seemed to regard it
as an important work. Especially Tibetan monks belonging to a group called “bKa’ gdams
pa” had written various commentaries on it since 11C. The works of bKa’ gdams groupwere found at the beginning of 2000s, and the replicas of them have been published as
the collected works of bKa’ gdams pa or bKa’ gdam gsum ’bum since 2006. In thiscollection, more than 10 commentaries on the Abhidharmasamuccaya are included. Our
project focuses on these new materials and aims to encode them by using TEI P5 todevelop a machine readable text for the field of Tibetan Buddhist studies. The format of1

Austrian Centre for Digital Humanities, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austria
The University of Tokyo, Japan
3
Hiroshima University, Japan
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text in the collected works of bKa’ gdams pa has a traditional style of the Tibetan classicalliterature. The book in the traditional Tibetan style looks like a bundle of rectangular paper.
In the case of commentaries of the Abhidharmasamuccaya, each one consists of about
100 or 200 sheets of paper. Both sides of a sheet have 6 or 8 lines written from left to rightwithout showing the head of a paragraph by breaking lines. Firstly, our project will encode
the physical structures of the text by <pb /> and <lb />. Then, we attempts to mark up thelogical structures like a paragraph by <p>. Added to that, we try to show the relationshipbetween the Abhidharmasamuccaya, the commented work, and the commentaries bymeans of <xr>.

Beta maṣāḥǝft: Encoding Ethiopic Manuscripts in TEI
Pietro Maria Liuzzo1
Beta maṣāḥǝft, Manuscripts of Ethiopia and Eritrea (Beta maṣāḥǝft means library) is a
research environment. But what does ‘research environment’ mean? Our take is that a
research environment for the cataloguing of Ethiopian manuscripts, encoding of digital
editions of literary works and many other resources about Ethiopia should not just be
developed as a data entry, management and editing tool packed with specific features,
but as an entirely flexible and expandable system based on solid standards, like TEI and
RDF. It should expand in terms of interests covered, in terms of participants and still stay
focused enough in its presentations as to allow specific fields of research. Participants
should not have to enter what we encode, they should be able to contribute what theywant to encode and meet enough design and architecture flexibility to join easily, quickly
and well. Also the web views and other outputs should not be centrally decided but incontinuous development according to the needs of participating members, and there
should be enough access points to the data in as many different ways as to allow anyone
to build applications on that data. We think a TEI based workflow where all participants
have enough knowledge of the project schema serves this perfectly and allows theextensibility of the encoding in the direction required from time to time providing at eachcollaboration benefits for all. Additionally, we use TEI as basis for IIIF manifests and to
produce RDF for several purposes. In this paper we would like to bring our concrete
example of a world scale TEI project about Ethiopian and Eritrean Manuscript culture
putting more effort on collaboration about the data encoding then on development of views
and websites, allowing extra schema flexibility and enforcing strict documentation policies.

1

Universität Hamburg, Germany

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[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] Panel Session III (Room B1,2,3)[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] Panel Session III (Room B1,2,3)

Implementing TEI to Japanese Modern Texts
Yu Okubo1, Yoko Mabuchi2, Kiyonori Nagasaki3
In Japan, TEI has recently been adopted in several projects to encode Japanese modern
texts. Due to several reasons, in the past, and still now, other markup schemes had beenin usage. Recently, some technical issues have been solved such as compatibilities
between languages. However, attempts with TEI reveals intrinsic difficulties in theencoding of Japanese texts. It is especially difficult to encode in TEI pre-modern texts
distributed in woodcut printings and manuscripts, despite the fact that it is relatively easy
to mark up texts printed by metal type and the born digital.
Given this situation, this panel offers three presentations that seek forpossibilities to adopt TEI to Japanese modern texts. First, Prof. Yu Okubo will present thecurrent situation and workflow of Aozora-Bunko to transcribe, proofread, and encode outof-copyright Japanese texts according to their original markup schemes, so that we will
share the collaborative markup for Japanese through its experience. Second, Dr. Yoko
Mabuchi will present an account of efforts to mark up Japanese historical corpora as well.
Dr. Kiyonori Nagasaki will make a presentation of a use case of TEI on a collaborative
parallel text database. The panel will be followed by general discussion.
Aozora Chuki: A Japanese Markup Language for Digitalized Texts in Aozora Bunko
Presenter: Yu Okubo
Aozora Bunko (Open Air Library), a non-profit digital archive for Japanesemodern literature, uses its specific markup language for digitalizing texts that is called
Aozora Chuki (Open Air Annotations). Particular typesetting and composing of Japanesebooks have forced volunteer archivists to invent and manage their own markup organizedin Japanese language, which enable and encourage those who understand only Japanese
to join in the digital archive project easily. The development of making e-texts in Aozora
Bunko for 20 years has served to a new plan of JIS kanji code, novel applications of text
viewers for Japanese e-books and universal usage of digital texts, for example, automatic
reading aloud or braille translation. Nowadays, these marking-up annotations contributeto professional and amateur authors who write their works digitally in Japanese language.
This paper makes a brief report on the history of its own digitalization rule in
Aozora Bunko, which includes successes and problems in Japanese typesetting andmarking-up: ruby letters, dots alongside words, character codes, code unification, accent
mark separation, interlinear notes and so on. The main purpose of these markups is tomake a digital reproduction of textual information in Japanese books via simple text files.
This report will offer a new topic or viewpoint for discussion among text markup languages.
Text Encoding in Large-Scale Corpus Construction: the Case of BCCWJ and CHJ
Presenter: Yoko Mabuchi
We at the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics haveconstructed two kinds of large-scale written Japanese corpora and have them open to the
public. One is a Contemporary Japanese corpus which includes more than one hundred
million words. The other is a historical Japanese corpus of about 15 million words fromvarious documents of a wide range of periods which includes from “Man’yōshū” (the oldest

1

Kyoto Tachibana University / Aozora-bunko, Japan
National Institutes for the Humanities, Japan
3
International Institute for Digital Humanities, Japan
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existing collection of Japanese poetry) compiled around the 7th-8th century to modern
magazines of early 20th century.
Many users, such as researchers of the Japanese language, students studying
Japanese linguistics, foreigners learning Japanese as a second language, use these
corpora through the online search application called “Chunagon”.
A feature of these corpora is that it has detailed word information. The data
before morphological analysis is encoded in the XML format, and the text format isdesigned so as to be compatible with TEI. I am involved in the development of text
encoding for both corpora. In this presentation, I report the following three points: 1) the
search for the framework of uniformly marking up documents of various forms and types
and structuralization appropriate for Japanese language research (the main purpose of useof the corpus), 2) problems in encoding documents of historical Japanese, 3) difficulties
experienced when we tried to structure special printing formats. Then I suggest topics forthe panel discussion.
A Use Case of Born Digital Modern Japanese Texts
Presenter: Kiyonori Nagasaki
SAT Daizokyo text database project (led by Prof. Masahiro Shimoda, henceforth,
SAT project) released some modern Japanese translations encoded by TEI, when the SAT
project launched its new Web service called SAT2018 in the end of March, 2018. It was
not difficult to encode the Japanese texts by TEI in this case because it doesn’t require
any special treatment due to its purpose and natures of the texts.
The encoding aimed to markup proper names, titles, sentences, and dialogues
to facilitate understanding and processing of the texts. The markup itself was so simple.
This case focused on handling, linking and visualization of the TEI-encoded texts with
jQuery.
Displaying a text body, the viewing system, that is, SAT2018 change the color ofplace name with red and person name with blue. Chapter titles marked up in the text are
extracted and listed in a floating window. User can move to arbitrary chapter by clicking achapter title. (Fig.1)
The sentence elements 
 are used to align a modern Japanese text with aclassical Chinese text which was translated into Japanese. Each 
 is connected withline number of the classical Chinese text via xml:id added to 
. (Fig.2)
The alignment was edited by a collaboration system on SAT2018. The systemallows to align both texts by mouse manipulation. (Fig.3) As the Japanese texts include
 with xml:id, users can select a sentence only by one click. But, as the Chinese text are
not yet separated by sentence. it is necessary to select a part of text by dragging.
This case would be useful for marking up similar kind of texts.

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[Day 5 (Thu) 13:15-14:45] Panel Session III (Room B1,2,3)

Figure 1: Colored texts with its index

Figure 2: Alignment between Japanese and Chinese texts

Figure3: Editing alignment on SAT201

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TEI 2018[Day 5 (Thu) 14:55-16:25] LP Session X (Room A1)
Lexicography and Language

The TEI in Real-Time Lexicography: The Digital
Dictionary of Buddhism and CJKV-E Dictionary after 32
Years
A. Charles Muller1
While there is a plethora of TEI-based projects that represent efforts to make sense of,archive, organize, or analyze some form of pre-existent form (usually paper) of data, there
are far fewer that are “born digital” and even fewer that are “born digital in TEI matrix”, andyet even fewer that have gone on to become major online resources, delivering the data
directly from (near-)TEI format onto the web through XSLT-generated web pages. Thus,
the Digital Dictionary of Buddhism [DDB] (http://www.buddhism-dict.net/ddb/) and its
companion CJKV-E Dictionary (http://www.buddhism-dict.net/dealt) (both online since1995) together constitute a somewhat unique and powerful example of the possibilities of
TEI-based text encoding, one that has served as the basis for what is arguably one of thelargest and most successful examples of scholarly-based crowdsourcing on the entire
web—and probably the one with the longest history. The longevity and the ongoing steady
growth of the project are in themselves a testament to the original basic aims of the TEI,of providing a long-term, flexible, and sustainable means of text encoding, allowing its
users to avoid the traps and limitations of propriety software. This presentation will start
off by offering a brief overview of the history and development of the project, including its
major developmental transitions. We will then focus on the aspects of TEI in particular thathave played the most important roles in allowing the attainment of vibrant crowd-sourced
sustainability.

TEI Metadata for Japanese Materials in the Cambridge
University Library and How to Apply TEI for Higher
Education
Zengxian Li2This paper discusses TEI metadata for the early Japanese books in the Cambridge
University Library (CUL) and application of TEI for higher education. The author’s affiliation,
Art Research Center (ARC), is an institute with rich experiences on digitizing Japanesetraditional cultural materials. Since its foundation in 1996, it has been participating with aconsiderable number of institutes all cross the world. Since 2015, the author has engaged
in digitizing its collection, putting a significant number of the books online through the
CUL’s official depository, the Cambridge Digital Library (CDL).
The CDL requires the books’ metadata to be prepared in TEI format, which theauthor was not familiar with. Yet, the kind help from the Digital Contents Unit in the CUL
enabled us to publish over 80 titles, including 200 volumes of early Japanese books to the
public. The author finds learning how to make metadata in a specific format valuable
experience, and the experience also gives him some ideas on how to apply TEI for thehigher education.
1
2

The University of Tokyo, Japan
Ritsumeikan University, Japan

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[Day 5 (Thu) 14:55-16:25] LP Session X (Room A1)

In the field of classical Japanese literature, researchers and students conduct researchbased on ancient text which often has textual variations. In such a case, research starts
with comparing those texts and manually listing their differences. However, the author
found out the fact that by applying TEI structure to the text, one can leave the manual task
to the machine. Moreover, he also found out that by using well-known literary works, suchas the Kokin-wakashu (the oldest imperial anthology of Japanese poems), one can help
students’ better understanding about how the TEI could be involved with classic Japanese
literary works, which eventually develops their interests in both TEI and the literary works.

TEI Lex-0: A Target Format for TEI-Encoded Dictionaries
and Lexical Resources
Laurent Romary1, Toma Tasovac2
Achieving consistent encoding within a given community of practice has been a recurrent
issue for the TEI Guidelines. The topic is of particular importance for lexical data if we thinkof the potential wealth of content we could gain from pooling together the information
available in the variety of highly structured, historical and contemporary lexical resources.
Still, the encoding possibilities offered by the Dictionaries Chapter in the Guidelines are
too numerous and too flexible to guarantee sufficient interoperability and a coherent model
for searching, visualising or enriching multiple lexical resources.
Following the spirit of TEI Analytics [Zillig, 2009], developed in the context of the
MONK project, TEI Lex-0 aims at establishing a target format to facilitate theinteroperability of heterogeneously encoded lexical resources. This is important both in thecontext of building lexical infrastructures as such [Ermolaev and Tasovac, 2012] and in thecontext of developing generic TEI-aware tools such as dictionary viewers and profilers.
The format itself should not necessarily be one which is used for editing or managing
individual resources, but one to which they can be univocally transformed to be queried,visualised, or mined in a uniform way. We are also aiming to stay as aligned as possible
with the TEI subset developed in conjunction with the revision of the ISO LMF (Lexical
Markup Framework) standard so that coherent design guidelines can be provided to thecommunity (cf. [Romary, 2015]).
The paper will provide an overview of the various domains covered by TEI Lex0 and the main decisions that were taken over the last 18 months: constraining the general
structure of a lexical entry; offering mechanisms to overcome the limits of <entry> whenused in retro-digitized dictionaries (by allowing, for instance, <pc> and <lbl> as children of<entry>); systematizing the representation of morpho-syntactic information [Bański et al.,2017]; providing a strict <sense>-based encoding of sense-related information;
deprecating <hom>; dealing with internal and external references in dictionary entries,
providing more advanced encodings of etymology (see submission by Bowers, Herold andRomary); as well as defining technical constraints on the systematic use of @xml:id atdifferent levels of the dictionary microstructure. The activity of the group has already leadto changes in the Guidelines in response to specific GitHub tickets3.
Acknowledgements
The initiative started in the context of the COST Action European Network for eLexicography (ENEL) and is now supported by DARIAH, as part of the activities of the1

Inria (team ALMAnaCH), France and DARIAH
Belgrade Center for Digital Humanities, Serbia
3
See for instance https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/issues/1702 (model.entryPart.top for <pc>
and <lbl>), https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/issues/1688 (add <form> to att.typed) or
https://github.com/TEIC/TEI/issues/1734 (make hyph/stress/syll members of att.notated)
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Lexical Resources working group 1 , as well as the H2020-funded project European
Lexicographic Infrastructure (ELEXIS)2.
ReferencesBański, Piotr, Jack Bowers and Tomaz Erjavec (2017). TEI-Lex0 guidelines for theencoding of dictionary information on written and spoken forms. Electronic
Lexicography in the 21st Century: Proceedings of ELex 2017 Conference, Sep Leiden,
Netherlands. 〈hal-01757108〉
Ermolaev, Natalia, and Toma Tasovac (2012) “Building a Lexicographic Infrastructure for
Serbian Digital Libraries.” Libraries in the Digital Age (LIDA) Proceedings 12, no. 0 (June12). http://ozk.unizd.hr/proceedings/index.php/lida/article/view/55.
ISO 24613:2008 Language resource management - Lexical markup framework (LMF),
currently revised as a multipart standards with Part 1: core model, Part 2: Machine
Readable Dictionaries, Part 3: Etymology, Part 4: TEI serialisation
Romary, Laurent (2015). TEI and LMF crosswalks. JLCL - Journal for Language
Technology and Computational Linguistics, 30 (1), 〈 http://www.jlcl.org 〉 . 〈 hal00762664v4〉
Zillig, Brian (2009) “TEI Analytics: Converting Documents into a TEI Format for CrossCollection Text Analysis.” Literary and Linguistic Computing 24 (2009): 187–192.
https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/fqp005

1
2

https://www.dariah.eu/activities/working-groups/lexical-resources/
https://www.cordis.europa.eu/project/rcn/213379_en.html

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[Day 5 (Thu) 14:55-16:25] Panel Session IV (Room A2)[Day 5 (Thu) 14:55-16:25] Panel Session IV (Room A2)Whither TEI Publisher?
Magdalena Turska1, Wolfgang Meier1
In this slightly different take on panel session we’d like to tap into collective wisdom of the
TEI community and discuss the possible development avenues for the TEI Publisher and
TEI Processing Model.
TEI Publisher is an open source application generator for eXist-db platform
implementing the TEI Processing model. TEI Publisher allows to publish digital editions
from data encoded in TEI (as well as other XML vocabularies e.g. DocBook) with full text
search, navigation, page- or -division based views and other typical functionality provided
out of the box, as well as PDF and ePub formats beside HTML. While it has beensuccessfully used in numerous research and publishing projects the authors contributed
to, there are still some challenges when research teams are working on customizing the
TEI Publisher on their own.
While users typically become quickly fluent in tweaking models in the ODD,
customizations of the layout or application CSS styles are not as straightforward. We
would like to provide a wider range of sensible default layouts and functional components
and thus need the input of the community concerning use cases and specific requirements.
Aiming to make TEI Publisher easier to use for researchers, even inexperienced in web
technologies such as JavaScript or XQuery, we’d appreciate an open discussion aboutcommunity needs in that area as well as what our current and prospective users see asmajor difficulties.
First part of the session, presented by Magdalena Turska will briefly familiarize
the audience with the current state of the TEI Publisher (now at version 3.0) and range of
projects that have already adopted it, stressing the common factors and demonstratingareas where customization was necessary.
In the second part, Wolfgang Meier will report on experiences from supportingTEI Publisher based projects, main challenges identified so far and sketch ideas tofacilitate adoption for less technical users and broader range of projects.
The last part we’d like to treat as brainstorming session and public discussion,
thus we invite everyone interested as our collective 3rd panel speaker.
1. TEI Publisher: current state of affairs (Magdalena Turska)
2. Challenges of TEI Publisher customization (Wolfgang Meier)
3. Discussion (TEI Community)

1eXist Solutions, Germany
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