Mullard Space Science Laboratory

GaiaNIR
ESA-led NIR all-sky astrometry mission
Daisuke Kawata(Mullard Space Science Laboratory, University College London,
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ))
and 22 LoI co-Investigators
David Hobbs (Lund university, Sweden): PI of GaiaNIR
Junichi Baba (NAOJ), Masashi Chiba (Tohoku), Michiko Fujii (Tokyo),Naoteru Gouda (NAOJ), Kohei Hattori (Michigan), Kohei Hayashi (ICRR,Tokyo), Hirokazu Kataza (ISAS), Miho Ishigaki (Tohoku), Chiaki Kobayashi(Hertfordshire, UK), Noriyuki Matsunaga (Tokyo), Tadafumi Matsuno(NAOJ), Makoto Miyoshi (NAOJ), Ryoichi Nishi (Niigata), Shogo Nishiyama(Miyagi Education), Sakurako Okamoto (NAOJ), Alex Pettitt (Hokkaido),
Takahiro Sumi (Osaka), Masahiro Takada (IPMU, Tokyo), Takuji Tsujimoto(NAOJ), Yoshiyuki Yamada (Kyoto), Taihei Yano (NAOJ)

ESA Gaia mission (2013-2022)
Optical All-Sky Astrometry mission

DR2 (April 2018, preliminary data) about 2,000 citations
Huge impacts on
from solar system, exoplanet to Galaxy and cosmology!
Astrometry: parallax (distance) and proper motion
providing new dimensions of informationGaiaNIR
All-sky NIR astrometry in 2040s.

• NIR (λ=0.8-1.8 μm, G <20 mag)
NIR

Gaia-level astrometry (~10 μas)

• 14 times better proper motion, ~1.8 μas yr• Update Gaia Celestial Reference Frame in NIR-1Gaia NIR sky (Hobbs+Kawata et al. 2019)

ESA CDF Study Report (2017)

NIR (λ=0.8-1.8 μm, GNIR<20 mag) Gaia-level astrometry (~10 μas)
5 times more stars (~8B stars) than Gaia seeing through the dust
Origin of the bar and spiral arms, wiggle in the disk
→ Radial Migration, GalactoseismologyWhere are we from? The Sun’s past orbit
Galactic Habitable Orbit?

•Credit:SDSS• Plus more … star forming regions

binaries (WD, BH and etc.) the distance to the GW sources
astrometric microlensing: primordial BHs as DM
Mira variable age, distance calibration
exoplanet of dusty young stars

~20 yrs time separation with Gaia and JASMINE→14 times better proper motion ~1.8 μas yr-1 ~ 10 km/s at 1 Mpc
for ~1.6B stars common to Gaia, Galactic Centre stars to JASMINE• Proper motion and internal stellar motion of Local Groupgalaxies, including LMC, SMC, M31, M33• Gaps in stellar streams, wide binary populations→ distribution of sub-DM halos, nature of DM

NASA, ESA: Brown, Tumlinson

Improved proper motion• Long period exo-planets• Solar system:

acceleration of asteroids in the main asteroid belt,
understanding the origin of Near Earth Objects

Credit: KSJDNIR Celestial Reference Frame in 2040s
when Gaia CRF is degraded• Reference frame for future (NIR) observation• Astrometric gravitational wave
primordial gravitational wave?

Moore et al. (2017)

Are you just waiting for the final catalogue?
Why not contributing to the high impact mission!

• Japanese on-going legacy in Astrometry: e.g. VERA, JASMINE(N)IR space astronomy: e.g. Subaru, PRIME, TAO, SPICA, TMTGravitational Wave: KAGRA, LiteBIRD• Potential Japanese contribution

LauncherSuper-Super Invar (low expansion alloy, JASMINE)
Galactic centre JASMINE - GaiaNIR proper motion analysis
Subaru/PFS? spectroscopic follow up• GaiaNIR status

Selected asse one of 3 ESA’s new science idea in 2017
ESA CDF completed in 2017 (284 page report)
Voyage 2050 WP submitted (w/Kawata, Gouda)
2040s launch?