Instructions to Authors for Journal ofBrain Science
Manuscript Types
The following contributions will be accepted for publication: research and reports, techniques andmethods, investigation and analysis, evidence-based case reports, review, and case reports.
Journal of Brain Science will be Elsevier and National Institute of Information, Japan (NII-ELS)
Coverage this year.
Research and Reports, Techniques and Methods, Investigation and Analysis● TitleThe title should be to the point and present the difference from other papers. It should bediversified, active in presentation mood. The interrogative, rhetoric, rhetorical sentences, and title
accompanied by subtitle are encouraged, not limited to the indicative mood.
● Authors and Institutional Affiliation
Authors: There should be less than 6 authors from one institutional affiliation. Authors provide
written consents from themselves. For the first author or corresponding author, name, year of birth,highest academic degree earned, professional titles, research direction, telephone number, fax
number, and e-mail address are necessary.
Institutional Affiliation: Include authors’ department, institution, city with postal code, andstate/country.
●AbstractUse an informative-indicative abstract (unstructured abstract) of 200 to 300 words. The abstract
should describe the background of research, explain the purpose in writing the paper, present main
experimental data, and state the objective conclusion.
●Key words: 5-8 key words should be given.
●TextINTRODUCTION• Present the nature and scope of the problem investigated.
• Review briefly the pertinent literature.
• To lay stress on innovative contents based on previous work.
• Propose the hypothesis and explain the purpose in writing the paper.
MATERIALS/SUBJECTS AND METHODS△ Design: scientific research design type.
△ Time and setting: Time and precise place for experimentation.
△ Animals/Subjects: General data of experimental animals or subjects involved.
△ Methods: Present main experimental procedures, describe repeatable experimental methods,
and cite appropriately. Specify the manufacture’s name and address (city and state/country) ofmaterials/equipment used.
RESULTS• Describe from major to minor in the sequence of histological, pathological,
immunohistochemical, imaging, ethological examination results.

•Use illustrations (e.g. graphs, drawing or photographs) where appropriate. Graphs and drawing
should be self-explanatory.
• Add some explanatory words to illustrations.
• Insert some photographs respective to histomorphological or pathological changes.
DISCUSSION• Discuss the important, innovative outcomes at some point from various aspects.
• Keep the consistency between Discussion and Result sections.
• Disclose the limitations and bias to embody the authenticity in contents.
• State your conclusions very clearly.

REFERENCES
References should be numbered consecutively in the order in which they are first mentioned. List
all authors/editors but if there are more than three, list the first three plus et al. Basic research
articles should have a minimum of 35 references and clinical research articles over 30. Over 30%
of cited references should be published in recent 3 years.
Journal article
Xxxxxxx XX, Xxxx XX, Xxxxxx XX. Xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx. N Engl J Med.
2002;347(4):284-287.
Entire Book
Xxxxxx XX, Rxxxxxxxx XX, Kxxxxxxxx XX, et al. Medical microbiology. 4th ed. St. Louis:Mosby, 2002.
Case reports● Abstract
Use an informative abstract (unstructured abstract) of 150-200 words. The abstract shouldsummarize the data of a certain typical diseases, often with novel diagnose or therapeutic methods.
☆ For papers including less than 3 cases:●INTRODUCTION
Present the background closely related to paper contents, state the necessity and importance ofcase reports, and explain the purpose in writing the paper.
● CASE INTRODUCTION● DISCUSSION
Include some concerns, for example, symptoms and physical signs, laboratory examinations,evaluation methods, and reliability of interventional effects.
● CONCLUSION● SUPPLEMENTARY
Refer to guidelines for research and reports papers.
● REFERENCES
Have a minimum of 8 references.
☆ For papers including over 3 but less than 30 cases, please refer to guidelines for research andreport papers.
House style1 Abbreviations: Do not use abbreviations in the title and limit them in the text. Spell out all
abbreviations (in parentheses) at first mention in the text, unless it is a standard unit of measure.
2 All measurements should be in SI (metric) units.
3 Use generic names for drugs and nonproprietary descriptions of products and equipment.
Restriction enzymes with the first three letters: EcoRI, Hindl, etc.
4 If any statistical methods are used, the text should state the test or other analytical method
applied, basic descriptive statistics, critical value obtained, degrees of freedom, and significancelevel, e.g. (ANOVA, F = 2.34; df = 3,46; P < 0.01). If a computer data analysis is involved, thesoftware package should be mentioned and specified.
5 Spaces, not commas, should be used to separate thousands and used before and after each unit
with the exception of %.
6 Use past tense in METHODS and RESULTS (mostly) and present tense in BACKGROUND
and CONCLUSION (mostly).
Manuscript Preparation
Manuscript must be submitted in Word format. All components of the manuscript should be typed,
double-spaced, Arial font (11 pt). All pages should be numbered consecutively beginning with thetitle page, then abstract, introduction, results, discussion, materials and methods, supplementary,references, individual tables and figure legends.
Figures and images should be labeled sequentially, numbered and cited in the text. Figure legends
should be on a separate sheet titled ‘Titles and legends to figures’. Figures should be referred to
specifically in the text of the paper but should not be embedded within the text. If a table or figure
has been published before, the authors must obtain written permission to reproduce the material inboth print and electronic formats from the copyright owner and submit it with the manuscript.
Use A, B, and C, etc., by alphabetic order of work, if necessary to distinguish between several
images appeared in one Figure. Photomicrographs should show magnification and details of any
staining techniques used. The area(s) of interest must be clearly indicated with arrows or othersymbols.
TIFF and JPEG figure files are acceptable. Figure widths should be no more than 8 cm (singlecolumn) and 16 cm (double column). The minimum acceptable resolution is 300 dpi. Line
art/charts/graphs should be set in Word or Excel format with compatibility mode.
Figure legends
Legends must be submitted for all figures. They should be brief and specific, and they shouldappear on a separate manuscript page after the references. Use scale markers in the image forelectron micrographs and indicate the type of stain used.
TablesTables are numbered in sequence in Arabic numerals (Table 1, 2, etc.), provided with a heading,and referred to in the text as Table 1, Table 2, etc. They should be self-explanatory and shouldsupplement, rather than duplicate, the material in the text. The material in the tables must beensured consistent with that cited in the relevant places in the text. Tables should be submitted in
Word or Excel format.
Online submission
All manuscripts must be submitted on-line through Add attachments in e-mailto no37japanbrainscience@yahoo.co.jp （For Japanese or English）

econversation@163.com ( For Chinese or English)
Initial Submission
A cover letter is required to state that all contents of the manuscript have not been and will not be
submitted elsewhere for publication. Provide the advanced, innovative contents as to the submitted
manuscript:◇ Introduction of the conception and design of the study (200-300 words)◇ Introduction of domestic and foreign study level in the same field (200-300 words).
◇ Comparison between this manuscript and others (200-300 words).
◇ Advanced, innovative, confirmative, and specific contents.
◇ Funding proposal (if not private).
Charges for Publication
If your paper has been used in Journal of Brain Science
Science, you should pay publication charges
before publication. We will send a free Journal to the author.
Authors should agree to The Journal of Brain Science does not pay any payment to the author forthe paper's Publication and E-Publications and any Academic database, please understand inadvance for the submission.
Contact us
jinxuelong@yahoo.co.jp