大分大学教育福祉科学部研究紀要（Res. Bull. Fac. Educ.＆Welf. Sci., Oita Univ.）

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イギリス領アメリカ植民地における奴隷制とイングランド国教会―海外福音伝道協会年次記念大会の説教を中心に―
青【要柳か お り＊

18 世紀初頭からイングランド国教会は海外福音伝道協会

旨】(SPG)を設立して，イギリス領アメリカ植民地の異教徒へ布教活動を行っていた。国教会はアフリカ系奴隷にキリスト教教育を行い改宗させようとしていたが，奴隷の主人たちからの反対が大きかった。奴隷がキリスト教徒になると自由になり，財産権が侵害されると考えられていたのである。18 世紀のイギリスでは奴隷制は当然とみなされ，奴隷貿易も盛んに行われており，SPG や国教会も奴隷制を支持していた。しかし，非人道的な奴隷貿易・奴隷制に対してはクエーカーなど非国教徒系教会が反対しており，18 世紀終わりに奴隷貿易廃止運動も起きた。従来，奴隷貿易廃止に関する研究においては非国教徒や廃止運動に関わった政治家などが注目されており，国教会は見過ごされてきた。しかし，18 世紀後半に国教会の高位聖職者である主教の中には，奴隷貿易・奴隷制の緩和や廃止を希望する者もいたのである。本研究では，海外福音伝道協会年次記念大会の説教を中心に，そのような主教の主張を検討し，奴隷制についての国教会の思想に変化がみられたことを明らかにする。
【キーワード】

奴隷制

奴隷貿易

イングランド国教会

海外福音伝道協会

はじめに1701 年 6 月，イギリス領アメリカ植民地の異教徒にキリスト教を布教するため，イングランド国教会によって海外福音伝道協会(the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in
Foreign Parts, 以下，SPG と略記)が設立された。これは，イングランド国教会による初めての公式な布教団体で，国王ウィリアム三世(William III)の勅許状を得ていた。設立の中心人物は，国教会聖職者でメリーランド主教代理を務めたことのあるトマス・ブレイ(Thomas Bray)であった。
平成 26 年 10 月 31 日受理＊あおやぎ・かおり

大分大学教育福祉科学部情報国際教育講座（西洋史）

9090㕍  ᩉ17 ਎♿߆ࠄᶏᄖߩ࿖ᢎળࠍ▤ロߒߡ޿ߚߩߪᱧઍߩࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎߢ㧘ᓐࠄߪᬀ᳃࿾߳ਥᢎઍℂࠍᵷ㆜ߒߡ޿ߚ 1)‫ޕ‬ᬀ᳃࿾ߦ㑐ᔃߩ㜞߆ߞߚࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎࡋࡦ࡝࡮ࠦࡦࡊ࠻ࡦ(HenryCompton)ߪ㧘1696 ᐕ㧘ࡔ࡝࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ਥᢎઍℂߦ࠻ࡑࠬ࡮ࡉ࡟ࠗࠍછ๮ߒߚ 2)‫࠼ࡦ࡜࡯࡝ࡔޕ‬ߢߪਥᢎઍℂࠍฃߌ౉ࠇࠆߚ߼ߩᴺᓞߩᢛ஻߇ㆃࠇߡ޿ߚߩߢ㧘ࡉ࡟ࠗߪߔߋߦ಴⊒ߢ߈ߕ㧘࠙ࠜ࡝࠶ࠢࠪࡖߩࠪࠚ࡞࠼ࡦᢎ඙ߢਥછม⑂ࠍߒߡ޿ߚ߇㧘ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ߳⒖ߞߡࡔ࡝࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ߩ࿖ᢎળࠍᡰេߔࠆߚ߼ߩḰ஻ࠍߒߚ 3)‫ ߪࠗ࡟ࡉޕ‬1699 ᐕ 12 ᦬ߦࡔ࡝࡯࡜ࡦ࠼ߦะߌߡ಴⊒ߒߚߩߜ㧘⠉ᐕ 3 ᦬ߦ೔⌕ߒ㧘ߘߩᄐߦᏫ࿖ߒߚ‫ޕ‬ṛ࿷ᦼ㑆ߪ⍴߆ߞߚ߇㧘ᓐߪᏫ࿖ᓟߦᬀ᳃࿾
ฦ࿾ߩ⁁ᴫࠍⷡᦠߦ⹦⚦ߦคㅀߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߦࠃࠇ߫㧘ࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢᢎળ߿ࠢࠛ࡯ࠞ࡯ߣߪኻᾖ⊛ߦ㧘ߔߴߡߩ႐ᚲߢ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߪਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚߣ޿߁ 4)‫ޕ‬ᓐߪᬀ᳃࿾ߦߪ࿑ᦠ㙚ߣ⡛⡯⠪߇ᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆߣ⏕ାߒߡ޿ߚ 5)‫ޕ‬17 ਎♿એ᧪㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߦࠃࠆࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ᑪ⸳߇ߔߔ߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ߇㧘৻⥸⊛ߦࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ
ߩ᡽ᴦኅ߿࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߪᬀ᳃࿾߳ߩ㑐ᔃߪૐߊ㧘Ⓧᭂ⊛ߥᡰេࠍߒߥ߆ߞߚߚ߼㧘࿖ᢎળߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬᧄ࿖ߩᦨᄢߩቬᢎ⊛൓ജߢ޽ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ࡊࡠ࠹ࠬ࠲ࡦ
࠻㕖࿖ᢎᓤ㧔Dissenter㧕ߩ⻉ቬᵷ߿ࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢᢎળߣᲧセߒߡᒙ૕ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ᢎળߪࠕࡔ࡝
ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅޿ߡߪਥᢎ೙ᢎળ(Episcopal Church)ߣ๭߫ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘ା⠪ᢙߦኻߒߡ⡛⡯⠪߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚ਄ߦ㧘ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞవ૑᳃߿㤥ੱߣ޿ߞߚ⇣ᢎᓤ߽ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߢߎߘޕ‬㧘SPG ߪ⡛⡯⠪ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆߎߣߣ㧘⇣ᢎᓤ߳ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎࠍવ㆏ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⋡⊛ߣߒߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ6)‫ޕ‬SPG ߩ⸳┙⋡⊛ߪ഼⸵⁁ߦ⸥ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ਥᢎ೙ᢎળߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㗔ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞධㇱ߿⷏ࠗࡦ࠼⻉ፉߢߪ᦭ജߢ޽ߞߚ߇㧘⡛⡯⠪ߪਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ਛㇱߣർㇱߢߪዋᢙᵷߦㆊ߉ߕ㧘․ߦർㇱߢߪ㕖࿖ᢎᓤ♽ᢎળ߇ఝ૏ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࠞ࠽࠳ᣇ㕙ߢߪࡈ࡜ࡦࠬ㧘ධㇱߢߪࠬࡍࠗࡦߩࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢᢎળߣߩ൓ജ੎޿߇޽ࠅ㧘ਥᢎ೙ᢎળߩ࿾૏ߪૐ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬SPG ትᢎᏧߪ⇣ᢎᓤ߳ߩᏓᢎࠍ㐿ᆎߒߚ߇㧘ትᢎᏧਇ⿷߿⸒⺆ߩ㆑޿ߥߤ߆ࠄᓐࠄ߳ߩᏓᢎߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߦ․ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߩ႐วߪ㧘ᓐࠄߩਥੱߚߜ߇ᒝߊ෻ኻߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߕࠄࠊ߆߆߽ߦࠇߘޕ‬㧘ᅛ㓮೙߇ᒰὼߣߺߥߐࠇߡ޿ߚ 18 ਎♿ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߪᅛ㓮߳ߩᏓᢎࠍផㅴߒߚ‫ޕ‬ߐߡ㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߢߪᴺᓞߦࠃߞߡ 1807 ᐕߦᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ߇ᑄᱛߐࠇ㧘1833 ᐕߦࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㗔ౝߩᅛ㓮೙߇ᑄᱛߐࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬18 ਎♿ᓟඨߦᅛ㓮⾏ᤃᑄᱛㆇേ߇㜞߹ࠆ߇㧘㕖࿖ᢎᓤߢ޽ࠆࠢࠛ࡯ࠞ࡯߇ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߦ෻ኻߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߿㧘ᐼ᳃㒮⼏ຬ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮࠙ࠖ࡞ࡃ࡯ࡈࠜ࡯ࠬ(William Wilberforce)ߥߤߩᑄᱛㆇേߩᜰዉ⠪ߪࠃߊ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ࡔ࠰࠺ࠖࠬ࠻⡛⡯⠪࡚ࠫࡦ࡮࠙ࠚࠬ࡟(John Wesley)㧘਎ଶߩᜰዉ⠪ࠣ࡜ࡦࡧࠖ࡞࡮ࠪࡖ࡯ࡊ(Granville Sharp)߿࠻ࡑࠬ࡮ࠢ࡜࡯ࠢ࠰ࡦ(Thomas Clarkson)ߥߤ߽෻ᅛ㓮೙ㆇേߦ㑐ࠊߞߚਥⷐߥੱ‛ߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߣᅛ㓮೙ߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿ߡߪᣣᧄ࡮ᶏᄖߦ߅޿ߡ޽
߹ࠅ⎇ⓥߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ 7)‫ޕ‬ᧄⓂߢߪ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߩᏓᢎ࿅૕ߢ޽ࠆ SPG ߦᵈ⋡ߒߡ㧘18 ਎♿ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮ߦߟ޿ߡ⸒෸ߒߚ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߩ⺑ᢎ߅ࠃ߮⪺૞ࠍಽᨆߒ㧘࿖ᢎળߩᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙ߦኻߔࠆ
ᕁᗐߣߘߩᄌൻࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ਥⷐߥผᢱߣߒߡ㧘SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߢߩ⺑ᢎࠍ↪޿ߚ 8)‫ޕ‬SPG ߢߪ㧘1702 ᐕએ㒠㧘Ფᐕ 2 ᦬ߦઍ⴫ߩ৻ੱߩ⡛⡯⠪߇ⴕߞߚ⺑ᢎࠍ಴ߒߡ޿ߚ‫⺑ޕ‬ᢎߩኻ⽎ߪ SPG ߦነઃࠍߔࠆળຬ߿࿖ᢎળߩା⠪ߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘⺑ᢎߩ෻㗀ߪᄢ߈ߊ㧘ਛߦߪࠕࡔ
࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߢᄢ㊂ߦ㈩Ꮣߐࠇࠆ߽ߩ߽޽ߞߚ 9)‫⺑ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ᢎߪࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߩ┙႐ࠍ⴫ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ9191I ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㗔ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮ߩਥੱ(1) Ꮣᢎߩ࿎㔍Ꮣᢎߦᾲᗧߩ޽ࠆ⡛⡯⠪߿ SPG ߩળຬ߽޿ߚ߇㧘ᅛ㓮ߩਥੱ߿ᅛ㓮໡ੱࠍߪߓ߼ᅛ㓮೙ࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆੱ‫ߪޘ‬㧘ᅛ㓮ࠍੱ㑆ߢߪߥߊ㧘⽷↥㧘ᚲ᦭‛㧘ኅ⇓ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ㤥ੱᅛ㓮ࠍ⬦ⷞߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᅛ㓮ߦᢎ⢒ߒߚࠅࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎൻߒߚࠅߔࠆߎߣߦߪ෻ኻߒߚ‫ޕ‬SPG ߩ⺑ᢎߦ߅޿ߡߐ߃㧘1734 ᐕ㧘࠙ࠚ࡞࠭㚂Ꮸม⑂ࠕࠗࠩ࠶ࠢ࡮ࡑ࠼࠶ࠢࠬ(Isaac Maddox)ߪ㧘వ૑᳃ߣ㤥ੱߪ㕖Ᏹߦㅅାᷓ޿㧘߫߆ߍߚਇᢘߥ௾ᑼࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᗱ߆ߢᱷ㉃㧘㊁ⱄߢ޽ࠆߣ㕖㔍ߒ㧘㤥ੱᅛ㓮ߩߎߣࠍᭂᖡߢਇᱜߢ޽ࠆߣ᳿߼ߟߌߚ 10)‫ޕ‬18 ਎♿ᓟඨߩ SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߩ⺑ᢎ‫ޟ‬ᚒ‫ޘ‬ߦߥࠆ߇㧘ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎࡆ࡯࡞ࡆ࡮ࡐ࡯࠹ࠖࠕࠬ(Beilby Porteus)ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߚ 11)‫ޕ‬ߩ㤥ੱᅛ㓮ߪ㧘߶߆ߩⵍㅧ‛ߣߩߔߴߡߩᲧセࠍ⿥߃ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ⊛⥸৻ޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߪ⢒ᚑߐࠇࠆℂ⸃ജ߽ᢇࠊࠇࠆ㝬߽ᜬߞߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ㧘නߥࠆᯏ᪾㧘ഭ௛ߔࠆߚ߼ߩ㆏ౕߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ႐ᚲߢᵞ␞ߩ௾ᑼߩࠃ߁ߥߎߣ߇ၫⴕߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߛߌߢ㧘ቬᢎߩᢎ⟵߿⟵ോߦߟ޿ߡߩ
ㆡಾߥᜰዉߩߚ߼ߩචಽߥᤨ㑆߿េഥ߇ਇ⿷ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮⷏ࠗࡦ࠼⻉ፉߛߌߢ߽㧘ᢥሼㅢࠅ਎⇇ߩ␹ࠍ⍮ࠄߕߦ↢߈ߡ޿ࠆ 40 ਁੱએ਄ߩੱ㑆߇޿ࠆߎߣߦߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ㧘ഃㅧ⠪߿⿏޿ਥߩ⍮⼂ߥߒߦ㧘⥄ὼቬᢎ߿໪␜ቬᢎߩਥ⟵ߥߒߦ㧘㆏ᓼ⊛⟵ോߩᕁᗐߥߒߦ↢߈ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮‫ޠ‬SPG ߩᏓᢎߪ৻ㇱߩ࿾ၞߢߪᚑഞߒߚ߇㧘ᒰᤨߩ SPG ትᢎᏧ߆ࠄߩᧄㇱ߳ߩႎ๔ߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ᅛ㓮߳ߩᏓᢎᵴേ߇ߔߔ߹ߥ޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬Ꮣᢎߩ⃻⁁ߣ࿎㔍ߦߟ޿ߡ㧘1729 ᐕ㧘ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎࠛ࠼ࡑࡦ࠼࡮ࠡࡉ࠰ࡦ(Edmund Gibson)ߪ㧘ਥੱߣᅚਥੱ߳ߩ‫ޡ‬ੑㅢߩᦠ◲‫ߡ޿߅ߦޢ‬㧘ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦ߅ߌࠆ㤥ੱߪ㕖Ᏹߦੱᢙ߇ᄙߊ㧘ᢎ඙ߪᄢᄌᐢᄢߢ޽ࠅ㧘’ᏧߣᢎᏧ߇ᦨᄢ㒢ߩߎߣࠍⴕߞߡ߽㧘ߎߩᏓᢎ߇ᔅⷐߣߔࠆߩߦචಽߥ਎⹤߿ⷐ᳞ߦߪਇ⿷ߔࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁ߣㅀߴߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬ᓐߪ㧘ᅛ㓮߇⇣ᢎߩ௾ᑼ߿஧௝ፏ᜙ߦᘠࠇߡ޿ࠆߎߣ㧘ᅛ㓮ߣትᢎᏧ߇߅੕޿ߩ⸒⺆ࠍ߹ߞߚߊ⍮ࠄߥ޿ߎߣ㧘ਥੱ߆ࠄߩ෻ኻߥߤࠍᏓᢎ߇ߔߔ߹ߥ޿ℂ↱ߦ᜼ߍߡ޿ࠆ 12)‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߦᵞ␞ࠍ᝼ߌࠆߣ㧘ᓐࠄߩ⽷↥߅ࠃ߮ᅛ㓮ࠍ⥄↱ߦᄁළߔࠆᮭ೑߇⎕უߐࠇ㧘ᅛ㓮߇ൕീߦഭ௛ߒߥߊߥࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ߎߩ߶߆ߦ㧘ᅛ㓮߇㕖Ᏹߦᗱ߆ߢ޽ࠆߎߣ߿㧘ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞߢߪ৻ᄦᄙᆄ㧘৻ᆄᄙᄦߥߤߩ⠌ᘠ߇޽ࠆߎߣߥߤ߽ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎൻߩᅹߍߛߣ⸒ࠊࠇߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߪᢇࠊࠇࠆ㝬߇ߥ޿ߩߢࠠ࡝
ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߪߥࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ᗧ⷗߽޽ߞߚ 13)‫ߩ⺆⸒ޕ‬໧㗴ߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘ትᢎᏧߚߜߪ㧘⧷⺆߇ㅢߓߥ޿ᚑੱߢߪߥߊ⧯޿㤥ੱߦ⧷⺆ᢎ⢒߆ࠄᆎ߼ࠆߎߣࠍឭ᩺ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬(2) ᅛ㓮ߣਥੱߚߜᅛ㓮ߩਥੱ߆ࠄߩ෻ኻ߇ᒝ߆ߞߚߎߣ߇㧘Ꮣᢎ߇߁߹ߊ޿߆ߥ޿ᄢ߈ߥේ࿃ߢ޽ߞߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ࠍ߿ߐߒߊᛒ޿㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߐߖࠆਥੱߚߜ߽޿ߚ߇㧘ߚ޿ߡ޿ߪ೑⋉ࠍㅊ᳞ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߐ߹ߑ߹ߥℂ↱ߢ෻ኻߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߦ৻╙ޕ‬㧘ᅛ㓮߇ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆߣഭ௛ᤨ㑆߇ߘߩಽᷫࠆ‫╙ޕ‬ੑߦ㧘ᵞ␞ࠍฃߌࠆߣᅛ㓮߇⥄↱ߦߥࠅ㧘⥄ಽߚߜߩ⽷↥߇ଚኂߐࠇࠆ‫╙ޕ‬ਃߦ㧘ᅛ㓮߇⍮⼂ࠍᜬߜ㧘௉ᘟߦߥࠅ㧘ൕീߦ௛߆ߥߊߥࠆ㧘ߐࠄߦߪ෻ੂࠍડߡࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧘ߣ޿߁ߩߢ޽ߞߚ 14)‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߣᅛ㓮೙߇ਔ┙ߔࠆߩ߆ߣ޿߁໧㗴߇ሽ࿷ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬17 ਎♿ߦ߅޿ߡࠗࠡ࡝ࠬੱߩ㑆ߢߪ㧘ᵞ␞ࠍฃߌߡࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߣߥߞߚᅛ㓮ߪ⥄↱ߦߥࠇࠆߣ޿߁ⷰᔨ߿⠌ᘠ߇޽ࠅ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߪᅛ㓮ߢߪ޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿ߣ޿߁⠨߃ᣇ߇৻⥸⊛ߢ޽ߞߚ 15)‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޕ‬ᢎᓤߪ9292

㕍  ᩉࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤࠍᅛ㓮ߩりಽߦߒߡ߅ߊߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ߩߎޕ‬ᕁᗐࠍᩮ⛘ߔࠆߎߣߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᬀ᳃࿾ᤨઍࠍㅢߓߡሽ⛯ߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ߞߚ 16)‫⪺ߩߡ޿ߟߦࠬ࠼ࡃ࡞ࡃޕ‬ㅀࠍߒߚ࡝࠴ࡖ࡯࠼࡮࡝ࠧࡦ(Richard Ligon)ߪ㧘1673 ᐕ㧘ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯߇ᓐࠄߩᅛ㓮߇ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥࠆߩࠍ⸵นߒࠃ߁ߣߒߥ޿ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ㧘‫৻ޟ‬ᐲࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥࠇ߫㧘ᓐࠄࠍᅛ㓮ߛߣߺߥߔߎߣߪߢ߈ߥߊߥࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄ߳ߩᡰ㈩ജࠍᄬߞߡߒ߹߁‫[ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߦᵞ␞ࠍ⸵ߒߚࠄ]ߎߩፉߩߔߴߡߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ߣኻ┙ߔࠆ‫ߣޠޕ‬ਥੱ߆ࠄ⸒ࠊࠇߚߣ⸥ㅀߒߚ 17)‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߩਥੱߚߜߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߦࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߐߖᡷቬߐߖߚ႐ว㧘ᓐࠄ߇⥄↱ߦߥߞߡ㧘⥄ಽߚߜߩ⽷↥߿ᅛ㓮ࠍᄁ⾈ߔࠆᮭ೑ࠍᄬ߁ߣ⠨߃ߡ߅ࠅ㧘Ꮣᢎߦ෻ኻߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬SPG ߽⷏ࠗࡦ࠼⻉ፉߦ߅޿ߡᅛ㓮ࠍᚲ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬1710 ᐕ㧘SPG ߪࠢ࡝ࠬ࠻ࡈࠔ࡮ࠦ࠼࡝
ࡦ࠻ࡦ(Christopher Codrington)ᄢ૒߆ࠄ㧘ࡃ࡞ࡃ࠼ࠬߩ 800 ࠛ࡯ࠞ࡯ߩੑߟߩ㗔࿾ߣ 300 ੱߩᅛ㓮ࠍ⋧⛯ߒߚ 18)‫ޕ‬ᓐߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩァੱߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࡃ࡞ࡃ࠼ࠬߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1702
ᐕ 2 ᦬ߦᦠ߆ࠇߚㆮ⸒ᦠߢߪ㧘‫ࠬ࠼ࡃ࡞ࡃޟ‬ፉߦ߅ߌࠆ⑳ߩੑߟߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ࿖₺࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓਃ਎ߦࠃߞߡ⸳┙ߐࠇߚᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળߦㆮ⿅ߔࠆ‫ߦࠄߐޕ‬㧘ߘߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪ
ࡦߢߪዋߥߊߣ߽ 300 ੱߩ㤥ੱ㧘ㆡಾߥੱᢙߩᢎᏧ(professor)ߣቇ⠪(scholar)ࠍ⛽ᜬߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮‫ޠ‬
ߣᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ߚ 19)‫ޕ‬SPG ߪ㤥ੱࠍ⋙〈ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߣᅛ㓮೙ߪ৻⥌ߔࠆߣ⸽᣿ߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚ 20)‫ޕ‬⚂ 50 ᐕᓟߩ 1760 ᐕ߹ߢߦ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩᅛ㓮ߩਛߦߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߪ߶ߣࠎߤ޿ߥ߆ߞߚߎߣ㧘ᡷቬߒߚ⠪ߪฬ೨ߛߌߩࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߢ޽ߞߚߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬ቇᩞߪ⊕ੱߛߌߩߚ߼ߦ⸳┙ߐࠇߚߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬450 ੱߩᅛ㓮ࠍャ౉ߒߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ᅛ㓮ߩోੱญ߇ਃಽߩ৻߳ᷫዋߒߚ੐ታߪ㧘ੱ㑆⊛ߥ⹜ߺ߇ᄬᢌߒߚ⸽᜚ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬SPG ߪਇേ↥ߩ⋥ធߩ▤ℂߦߪ㑐ਈߖߕઍℂੱࠍㆬᛯߒ㧘ᓐࠄߦᐓᷤߔࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ੱޕ‬㑆⊛ߥᓙㆄߣߪ⒟㆙ߊ㧘1732 ᐕ߹ߢ
SPG ߪᅛ㓮ߩ⢷ߦ S-O-C-I-E-T-Y ߩᢥሼࠍὝශߔࠆᘠ⠌ࠍ⹺߼ߡ޿ߚ߆㧘߽ߒߊߪ⍮ࠄߥ߆ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1760 ᐕ߹ߢߦഭ௛ജߩଏ⛎߇ᕆỗߦᷫዋߒߚߩߢ㧘SPG ߪࠦ࠼࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦ࡮ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩ⁁ᴫࠍ⺞ᩏߔࠆ․೎ᆔຬળࠍ⸳┙ߒߚ‫࡝ࡌ࠲ࡦࠞޕ‬ᄢਥᢎ࠻ࡑࠬ࡮࠮࠶ࠞ࡯(ThomasSecker)ߪ㧘ੱᢙߩᷫዋߪᅛ㓮ߩᓙㆄߣ㑐ଥ߇޽ࠆߩߢߪߥ޿߆ߣឭ᩺ߒߚ 21)‫ޕ‬ ৻⥸⊛ߦᅛ㓮ᚲ᦭⠪ߪᅛ㓮ߩᐘ⑔ߦߪή㑐ᔃߢ㧘ᅛ㓮ߩᡷቬ߿ SPG ߩᏓᢎᵴേߦߪ෻ኻߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘18 ਎♿ᓟඨߦߥࠆ߇㧘ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ߩਛߦߪ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࡁ࠶ࠢࠬ(WilliamKnox)ߩࠃ߁ߦᏓᢎ⾥ᚑߩੱ‛߽޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ㧘1768 ᐕ㧘ඞฬߢ‫ޡ‬㜞ᓼߩᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળߦะߌߚ㧘ᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆ⥄↱ࠗࡦ࠺ࠖࠕࡦߣ㤥ੱᅛ㓮ߩᡷቬߣᢎ⢒ߦߟ޿ߡߩਃ▻ߩ⺰ᢥ‫ޢ‬㧔ᣂ1789 ᐕ㧕ߣ޿߁⪺ᦠࠍೀⴕߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐ߽㤥ੱߪᗱ߆ߢ⍮⊛ߢߪߥ޿ߣߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ᅛ㓮ߦᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߐߖࠃ߁ߣߒߥ޿ਥੱࠍᛕ್ߒ㧘ᰴߦࠃ߁ߦਥᒛߒߚ 22)‫ޕ‬㤥ੱߩᗱ㊰ߥᗱ߆ߐߪ㧘ᓐࠍߤߩࠃ߁ߥᢎ⢒᰼߽ߥ޿⁁ᘒߦߒߡ߈ߚ‫ޕ‬ഃㅧਥ߇ߎࠇࠄߩ㤥ੱࠍઁߩੱ‫ࠅࠃޘ‬ዋߒૐߊ߅ㅧࠅߦߥߞߚߩ߆㧘ᓐࠄ߇ᓐࠄߩ⍮⊛ߥ⢻ജࠍ૶ࠊߥ޿߆ࠄᄬߊߒߡߒ߹ߞߚߩ߆㧘⑳ߪ᳿߼ࠄࠇߥ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᣂߒ޿㤥ੱ㧔ᦨㄭࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ߆ࠄャ౉ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ⠪ߚߜߪߎ߁๭߫ࠇࠆ㧕߇㧘ᕃᗍߥᗱ߆ߐߩቢోߥౖဳ⊛ߥੱ‛ߢ޽ࠆߎߣߪ⏕߆ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒ࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߩᗱ߆ߐࠁ߃ߦᓐࠄࠍᚒ‫ߩ߼ߚࠆߔ↪૶߇ޘ‬ኅ⇓ߛߣ⠨߃ࠆߎߣࠍ㧘ᚒ‫ߪޘ‬ᤚ⹺ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ߡߒ߹ޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄ߇౒ㅢߩᢇ޿ߦߟ޿ߡߩߔߴߡߩ⍮⼂ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣࠍุቯߒߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ᬀ᳃࿾ߢ↢߹ࠇߚ㤥ੱߪ⇼޿ߥߊ㧘ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆ‫ࠢ࠶࡝࠻ࠞ࡮ࡑ࡯ࡠߩࠬࡦ࡜ࡈ࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ᢎળߪᅛ㓮ߦᢎ⢒ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ9393ᚒ‫ߦ⊛⥸৻ߪ࡯࠲ࡦ࡜ࡊߩޘ‬㧘ᓐࠄߩ㤥ੱ߇ഭ௛એᄖߩߎߣࠍᢎ߃ࠄࠇࠆߎߣߦ෻ኻߒߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ኡᄢߥർࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ߪ㧘ᓐࠄ⥄り߇ᓐࠄ߆ࠄᕲ⟵ࠍฃߌߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ࠆ㒢ࠅ㧘ቬᢎߦ㑐ᔃࠍᜬߜᅛ㓮ߩ⟵ോࠍ఺㒰ߔࠆߎߣࠍᱜ⏕ߦ቞ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ߦ࡯࠲ࡦ࡜ࡊ࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ࠍេഥߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ⺑ᓧߢ߈ߥ޿ߥࠄ߫㧘ᓐߩᅛ㓮ࠍᢎ⢒ߔࠆߚ߼ߩߤߩࠃ߁ߥᣇᴺࠍឭ᩺ߔࠆߎߣ߽ή㚝ߦߥߞߡߒ߹߁ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ߎߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ᓐߪᅛ㓮ߦᢎ⢒ߒߡ޿ࠆࡈ࡜ࡦࠬߩࠞ࠻࡝࠶ࠢᢎળߣᲧセߒߡ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߦࠃࠆᏓᢎࠍ൘߼ࠆߣߣ߽ߦ㧘ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ߦኻߒߡᅛ㓮ߦᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߐߖࠆࠃ߁ߦ⸷߃ߚ‫ޕ‬II ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߦࠃࠆᅛ㓮߳ߩᏓᢎ(1) ࿖ᢎળߩᏓᢎᣇ㊎㤥ੱᅛ㓮߳ߩᏓᢎߦ෻ኻߔࠆᕁᗐ߇ᒝ޿ਛߢ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߩᣇ㊎ߪ㧘ᢎળߪ⇣ᢎᓤࠍࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎൻߔࠆ⟵ോ߇޽ࠆ㧘ᓐࠄࠍᥧ㑧߆ࠄశ߳ߣዉߊߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ߚߒ߆ߦ㧘࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪߽ᅛ㓮ߪ㕖Ᏹߦᗱ߆ߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߦ߅ߌࠆ⺑ᢎ߿ႎ๔ᦠߢ㧘ᄙߊߩ⡛⡯⠪߇⇣ᢎᓤߦኻߒߡࠃߊ↪޿ࠆ⴫⃻ߪ㧘㊁ⱄ㧘㊁ⱄੱ㧘ᱷ㉃㧘ή⍮㧘ᥧ㤥ߩ਎⇇ߦ޿ࠆߥߤߢ㧘ㅅାࠍାߓࠆ㧘⽺ߒ޿ߣ޿ߞߚ⸥ㅀ߇ᄙ޿‫⺑ߩࠇߕ޿ޕ‬ᢎߢ߽⇣ᢎᓤߩᖤᗌߥ⁁ᴫߩ⸥ㅀ߇ᄙߊߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ㧘⡛ᦠߦߪᏓᢎࠍផㅴߔࠆߚ߼ߩ⸒⪲߇޽ࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘‫ߡߞⴕߪߚ߇ߚߥ޽ޟ‬㧘ߔߴߡߩ᳃ࠍࠊߚߒߩᒉሶߦߒߥߐ޿‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߦῳߣሶߣ⡛㔤ߩฬߦࠃߞߡᵞ␞ࠍ᝼ߌߥߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ࡑ࠲ࠗߦࠃࠆ⑔㖸ᦠ╙ 28 ┨ 19 ▵㧕‫ޠ‬‫ࠄ߆ࠇߘޟ‬㧘ࠗࠛࠬߪ⸒ࠊࠇߚ‫ోޕ‬਎⇇ߦⴕߞߡ㧘ߔߴߡߩㅧࠄࠇߚ߽ߩߦ⑔㖸ࠍትߴવ߃ߥߐ޿‫ޕ‬㧔ࡑ࡞ࠦߦࠃࠆ⑔㖸ᦠ╙ 16 ┨ 15 ▵㧕‫ޕࠆ޽ߢߤߥޠ‬SPG
ߩ⺑ᢎߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᒁ↪ࠍ↪޿ߡᅛ㓮ߦᏓᢎߔࠆߎߣ߇ᾲᔃߦ⺑߆ࠇߚ 23)‫ޕ‬ߎߎߢߪ㧘㤥ੱᅛ㓮߳Ⓧᭂ⊛ߦᏓᢎߔߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆߣਥᒛߒߚ⺑ᢎ࡮⪺૞ࠍᬌ⸛ߒߡ޿ߊ‫ޕ‬1711
ᐕ㧘࠮ࡦ࠻࡮ࠕࠨࡈਥᢎ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮ࡈ࡝࡯࠻࠙࠶࠼(William Fleetwood)ߪ㧘ߚߣ߃ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞߣ⷏ࠗࡦ࠼⻉ፉߔߴߡߩᅛ㓮߇᳗㆙ߦ⇣ᢎᓤߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌࠆߣߒߡ߽㧘ࡃ࡞ࡃ࠼ࠬߦ߅ߌࠆࠦ࠼
࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦߩ SPG ᚲ᦭ߩᅛ㓮ߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߔࠆᔅⷐ߇޽ࠅ㧘ᓐࠄߦࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᢎ⢒ߣᵞ␞ࠍⴕ޿㧘᳗㆙ߩ๮ߦ⥋ࠆ㆏߳ዉ߆ߨ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߣㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ 24)‫ޕ‬Ꮣᢎߦ෻ኻߩਥੱߚߜߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߪනߥࠆ⽷↥ߢ޽ࠅᢇࠊࠇࠆ㝬߇ߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇ㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬᧄ࿖ߩ SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߩ⺑ᢎ߿࿖ᢎᓤߩ⪺૞ߢߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߦߪ㝬߇޽ࠅ㧘หߓ಴⥄ߩੱ㑆ߢ޽ࠆ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߪᓐࠄߩߚ߼ߦ߽ⴊࠍᵹߐࠇߚߣ޿߁ߎߣࠍㅀߴߚ߽ߩ߇޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1714 ᐕ㧘ࠞࡦ࠲ࡌ࡝㚂Ꮸม⑂࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫ࡮ࠬ࠲࠽࠶ࡊ(George Stanhope)ߪ㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߚ25)‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬ᅛ㓮ߪᧂ㐿ߢήᢎ⢒ߢ㧘౏౒ߢᄁ⾈ߐࠇ㧘⩄‛ࠍㆇ៝ߔࠆߚ߼ߩኅ⇓ߩࠃ߁ߦ௛޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᓐࠄߩ㝬ߪᓐࠄ⥄りߩߚ߼ߦ਎⹤ߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪᚒ‫ߣޘ‬หߓ␹ߦࠃߞߡഃㅧߐࠇ㧘หߓ⡺૕ߣⴊߦࠃߞߡᒻᚑߐࠇ㧘หߓ౒ㅢߩሶቊ߆ࠄߩ಴⥄ߢ޽ࠅ㧘หߓ㝬ࠍ᝼ߌࠄࠇ㧘ਇṌߩᐘ⑔ࠍหߓࠃ߁ߦฃߌࠆ⾗ᩰ߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄ߽߹ߚหߓዅ޿ࠗࠛࠬߩ⿏޿ߦࠃߞߡ⸃᡼ߐࠇࠆ‫ߣࠇ߹↢ޕ‬ን㧘ⅣႺߣ⡼ߩ⦡㧘㊁ⱄߣᅛ㓮㧘ߎࠇࠄߪනߦઃ㓐⊛ߥ㆑޿ߢ޽ࠆ‫⾰ᧄޕ‬⊛ߥㇱಽ߇หߓߢ޽ࠅ⛯ߌߡ޿ࠆ႐ว㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ߽ߩߪ޽߹ࠅ⹏ଔߐࠇࠆߴ߈ߢߪߥ޿‫ޠޕ‬1729 ᐕ㧘ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎࠡࡉ࠰ࡦߪᅛ㓮ߩਥੱߚߜߦะߌߡߩ⪺૞ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘‫ߚߥ޽ߪ⑳ޟ‬ᣇ9494㕍  ᩉߦ㧘ᓐࠄࠍනߥࠆᅛ㓮ߣߒߡ㧘ഭ௛ߔࠆኅ⇓ߣหߓ࡟ࡌ࡞ߢ⠨߃ߥ޿ࠃ߁ᙣ㗿ߒߚ޿‫ߢ߁ߘޕ‬ߪߥߊߡ㧘޽ߥߚᣇߣหߓ૕ᩰߣ⢻ജࠍᜬߜ㧘᳗㆙ߦᐘ⑔ߦߥࠇࠆ㝬ߣ㧘ߘࠇߩߚ߼ߩᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆℂᕈߣℂ⸃ജࠍᜬߟ↵ᕈᅛ㓮ߣᅚᕈᅛ㓮ߣߒߡ⠨߃ߡ߶ߒ޿‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮‫ߣޠ‬๭߮߆ߌߚ 26)‫ޕ‬࿖₺ߩ࠴ࡖࡊ࡟ࡦ㧔␞᜙ၴઃ߈’Ꮷ㧕ࡈࠖ࡝࠶ࡊ࡮ࡌࠕࠢࡠࡈ࠻(Philip Bearcroft)ߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᅛ㓮߽หߓੱ㑆ߢ㝬߇޽ࠆߣㅀߴߚ 27)‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߪߢࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠹ࡦ࡜ࡊߩޘ‬㧘ᕯ⍮ࠄߕߦࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߩᗲ߇ήⷞߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪᚒ‫⥄ޘ‬りߣหߓⴊ⛔ߢߪߥߊ㧘ᢇࠊࠇࠆ㝬߇ߥ޿߆ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘⽺ߒ޿㤥ੱᅛ㓮ߩᡷቬߪ߅ࠈߘ߆ߦߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫৻ޕ‬ᣇߢ㧘⡛ࡄ࠙ࡠߪᚒ‫ߪ␹ޟޕߚࠇࠊ⸒߁ߎߣࠅ߈ߞߪߦޘ‬㧘৻ੱߩੱ߆ࠄߔߴߡߩ᳃ᣖࠍㅧࠅ಴ߒߡ㧘࿾਄ߩ⥋ࠆߣߎࠈߦ૑߹ࠊߖ㧘ቄ▵ࠍ᳿߼㧘ᓐࠄߩዬ૑࿾ߩႺ⇇ࠍ߅᳿߼ߦߥࠅ߹ߒߚ‫ޕ‬㧔૶ᓤ⸒ⴕ㍳╙ 17 ┨ 26 ▵㧕‫ޠ‬‫ߩੱ৻ߩߘޟ‬ᣇߪߔߴߡߩੱߩߚ߼ߦᱫࠎߢߊߛߐߞߚ‫ޕ‬㧔ࠦ࡝ࡦ࠻ߩାᓤ߳ߩᚻ⚕ੑ╙ 5 ┨ 15 ▵㧕‫ޠ‬ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߪᓐߩᦨ߽ዅ޿ⴊࠍᓐࠄߩߚ߼ߦᵹߐࠇߚߩߦ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߪᕯ⍮ࠄߕߦᓐࠄࠍήⷞߢ߈ࠆߩߢ޽ࠈ߁߆‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘දળߩ੐ോዪ㐳࠺ࡧࠖ࠶࠼࡮ࡂࡦࡈ࡝࡯࠭(David Humphreys)߿࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ࠕࡦ࠰࠾࡯࡮ࡅ࡞(Anthony Hill)ߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߩਥੱߚߜߪᩮ᜚߽ߥ޿ߩߦ㤥ੱߪ㝬߇ߥ޿ߣ޿ߞߡᓐࠄߦᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌߐߖߕ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥࠆߣߐࠄߦᖡ޿ᅛ㓮ߦߥࠆߣਥᒛߒߡ㧘⡛⡯⠪ࠍㄼኂߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣࠍᛕ್ߒߚ 28)‫ޕ‬(2) SPG ߣᅛ㓮೙ߚߛߒ㧘SPG 㑐ଥ⠪ߪᅛ㓮೙ߘߩ߽ߩߪ⹺߼ߡ޿ߚࠃ߁ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬⡛ᦠߦ߅޿ߡᅛ㓮೙ߪ⑌ᱛߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫߫߃ߣߚޕ‬㧘ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦ࠺࡝㚂Ꮸม⑂࡚ࠫ࡯ࠫ࡮ࡃ࡯ࠢ࡝(GeorgeBerkeley)ߪ㧘ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯߇㤥ੱߩߎߣࠍਇวℂߦᏅ೎ߒᢎ⢒߿ࠨࠢ࡜ࡔࡦ࠻ࠍฃߌߐߖߥ޿ߎߣࠍᛕ್ߒߚ߇㧘ᵞ␞ࠍฃߌࠇ߫⥄↱ߦߥࠇࠆߣ߆㧘ᵞ␞ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣߪᅛ㓮ߩ⁁ᘒߣ⍦⋫ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߩߪ⺋ߞߚⷰᔨߢ޽ࠆߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪ‫⑔ޟ‬㖸ߩ⥄↱ߪ⃻਎ߩᅛ㓮⁁ᘒߣਔ┙ߔࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߩᅛ㓮ߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ࠃࠅ⦟޿ᅛ㓮ߦߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޠޕ‬ߣㅀߴߚ 29)‫ޕ‬߹ߚ㧘SPG ੐ോዪ㐳࠳࠾ࠛ࡞࡮ࡃ࡯࠻ࡦඳ჻(Dr. Daniel Burton)߽ᅛ㓮೙ࠍ⹺߼ࠆ⊒⸒ࠍߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘SPG ߩ┙႐ࠍ⴫᣿ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߢ࡯ࠞ࡯ࠛࠢޕ‬ᅛ㓮೙ߦ෻ኻߔࠆࠕࡦ࠰࠾࡯࡮ࡌࡀ࠯(Anthony Benezet)ߣ޿߁ੱ‛߇㧘1767 ᐕ 4 ᦬ 26 ᣣઃߩᦠ◲ߢ㤥ੱᅛ㓮ࠍ⾼౉ߒ଻᦭ߔࠆߎߣߦߟ޿ߡߩදળߩᗧ⷗ࠍ዆ߨߚ‫ޕ‬1768 ᐕ 2 ᦬ 6 ᣣઃߩ੐ോዪ㐳߆ࠄߩ㄰੐ߦࠃࠇ߫㧘SPG
ߪࡃ࡞ࡃ࠼ࠬߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩઍℂੱߦᅛ㓮ߦࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎࠍᢎ߃ࠆࠃ߁ᜰ␜ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߘߩᜰ␜ߪ቞ࠄࠇߡ߈ߚߣାߓߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘ߒ߆ߒ㧘SPG ߪᅛ㓮ࠍ଻᦭ߔࠆ⠌ᘠࠍ㆑ᴺߛߣߒߡ㕖㔍ߔࠆߎߣߪߢ߈ߥ޿ߣᦠ޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫૶ߩ࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޕ‬ᓤߚߜߦࠃߞߡਈ߃ࠄࠇߚਥੱߣᅛ㓮ਔᣇ߳ߩᢎ⸠ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ߘࠇߣߪ෻ኻߩߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߦㅀߴࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫߽ߒ߽ޕ‬㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߪ㆑ᴺߢ޽ࠆߣ޿߁ᢎ⟵߇ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬߩᬀ᳃࿾ߢᢎ߃ࠄࠇߚࠄ㧘ਥੱ߇ߘࠇࠍ⏕ାߔࠆ߆ࠊࠅ
ߦ㧘ࠃࠅ⇼޿ᷓߊᱷ㉃ߦߥࠅ㧘ࠃࠅᓐࠄߩᅛ㓮ߦࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎࠍቇ߫ߖࠃ߁ߣߒߥߊߥࠆߒ㧘⽺ߒ޿ᅛ㓮߇ᅛ㓮೙ߪ㆑ᴺߛߣ޿ߞߡਥੱߦ෻ੂࠍ⿠ߎߔࠃ߁㕖Ᏹߦᒝߊ⺃ᖺߐࠇࠆߩߢ㧘෺ᣇߦߣߞߡᦨ߽ᕟߒ޿⚿ᨐ߇⛯ߊߣߒߡ޿ࠆ 30)‫ޕ‬ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ9595ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬੱߩ㑆ߢߪ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦᡷቬߒߚᅛ㓮ߪ⥄↱ߦߥࠇࠆߣ޿߁ⷰᔨ߿⠌ᘠ߇޽ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘⡛ᦠߢߪᄙߊߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᅛ㓮ߪਥੱ߳᦯ᓥߒߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿ߎߣ㧘ߚߣ߃ਥੱߣหߓࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߦߥߞߡ߽᦯ᓥߔࠆߎߣ߇ᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᄙߊߩ SPG ߩ⺑ᢎ߿࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߩ⪺૞ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᅛ㓮ߦᵞ␞ࠍ᝼ߌߡ߽㧘⃻਎ߩりಽ߅ࠃ߮ਥੱߩᅛ㓮ᚲ᦭ߦ߹ߞߚߊᄌൻߪ↢ߓߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣ߇ᒝ⺞ߐࠇߚ‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߪᵞ␞ࠍฃߌߡࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥߞߡ߽⥄↱ߦߪߥࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁ߎߣߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߪฎઍ߆ࠄวᴺ
ߢ޽ࠆߎߣࠍਥᒛߒ㧘ᵞ␞ࠍฃߌࠆߣᅛ㓮ߪ⥄↱ߦߥࠇࠆߣ޿߁ⷰᔨߦ෻⺰ߒߚ‫߁ߘޕ‬ਥᒛߔࠆߎߣߢ㧘ᅛ㓮ߩ⸃᡼߿⽷↥ߩଚኂࠍᕟࠇࠆᅛ㓮ߩਥੱߚߜࠍ቟ᔃߐߖ㧘Ꮣᢎᵴേࠍ⺑ᓧߒࠃ߁ߣߒߚߣᕁࠊࠇࠆ‫ޕ‬1706 ᐕ㧘࠴࠴ࠚࠬ࠲ਥᢎ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࠭(John Williams)ߪ㧘ᓕ᦯߿ᄁ⾈ߥߤߢᅛ㓮೙ߩ⠌ᘠߪ߶ߣࠎߤߩ਎⇇ߢ㧘ߔߴߡߩᤨઍࠍㅢߒߡ⛯޿ߡ߈ߚߒ㧘ࠕࡉ࡜ࡂࡓߩᤨઍ߽ߘ߁ߢ޽ߞߚߣㅀߴߚ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘‫ޟ‬ᵞ␞ߦࠃߞߡੱᮭߪᄌᦝߐࠇߕ㧘ੱ㑆ߩᴺᓞߦࠃߞߡᄌᦝߐࠇࠆ߹ߢߪߘߩ߹߹ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߢߌࠊ߁޿߁ߘޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄ߇ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥߞߡ߽ᅛ㓮߆ࠄߪㅏࠇࠄࠇߥ޿ߒ㧘ਥੱ߆ࠄߩ⥄↱ࠍਥᒛߔࠆᮭᆭࠍᓐߪਈ߃ࠄࠇߥ޿‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠߦߣߎߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ᢎߪᐓᷤߒߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߣޠޕ‬ㅀߴߡ޿ࠆ 31)‫ޕ‬ᰴߦ࠮ࡦ࠻࡮ࠕࠨࡈਥᢎࡈ࡝࡯࠻࠙࠶࠼ߩ⺑ᢎࠍ⚫੺ߒߚ޿ 32)‫ޕ‬ਥੱ߇ᅛ㓮ࠍࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߒߡ߽㧘ᓐࠄߩᄺ઀߿೑⋉ࠍᄬ߁ᕟࠇߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄ߇ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤࠍᅛ㓮ߦߣߤ߼ߡ߅ߊߎߣߪ㧘␹ߩᴺߦࠃߞߡ߽㧘࿖ߩᴺߦࠃߞߡ߽⑌ᱛߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߪᵞ␞ࠍฃߌߚᓟ߽એ೨ߣห᭽ߩ⁁ᘒߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮⡛ࡄ࠙ࡠߩᤨઍߦߪ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡએ೨ߩߔߴߡߩᄾ⚂߆ࠄ⥄↱ߦߥߞߚੱ‫ߚ޿߇ޘ‬ߣᗐ௝ߢ߈ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘⡛ࡄ࠙ࡠߪᓐࠄߦߎࠇߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߩ⥄↱ߩᗧ๧ߢߪߥ޿ߣ⹤ߒߚ‫߇࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޕ‬ᓐࠄࠍ⥄↱ߦߒߚߣ޿߁⥄↱ߪ㧘ᓐࠄߩ⟋߆ࠄߩ⥄↱߿㧘ᱫߩᕟᔺ߿᳗㆙ߩ⧰∩߆ࠄߩ⥄↱ߢ޽ߞߡ㧘ᓐࠄ߇⥄⊒⊛ߦᓥ੐ߒߡ޿ࠆ↢ᵴ⁁ᴫ߿㧘ᓐࠄߩਇᐘߦࠃߞߡ㒱ߞߚ↢ᵴ⁁ᴫ߆ࠄߩ⥄↱ߢߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߩ߅ߩ߅ޕ‬ถߐࠇߚߣ߈ߩりಽߦߣߤ߹ߞߡ޿ߥߐ޿‫ߩ࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޕ‬ାઔࠍᜬߞߚߣߒߡ߽㧘ᓐߪએ೨ߣหߓ↢ᵴ⁁ᴫ߇⛯ߊߎߣ߆ࠄㅏࠇࠄࠇߥ޿‫⃻ߪࠇߘޕ‬਎ߦ߅ߌࠆᓐߩ⁁ᴫࠍᄌ߃ࠆߎߣߪߥ޿‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠޕ‬ᢎߩ⥄↱ߪ߹ߞߚߊ♖␹⊛ߥߩߢ޽ࠆ‫⃻ޕ‬਎ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩᴺᓞߪߎߩᕈ⾰ࠍᄌൻߐߖߥ޿‫࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬࿖ߢߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ࠍᚲ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ߿ᚲ᦭ߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߪวᴺߢ޽ࠅ㧘ห᭽ߦ㧘ᓐࠄ߇ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߢ޽ߞߡ߽ᅛ㓮ߣߒߡᚲ᦭ߔࠆߎߣ㧘ߘ߁ߒ⛯ߌࠆߎߣߪวᴺߢ޽ࠆ‫࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ ߎߩ߶߆ߦ߽㧘SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߩ⺑ᢎ╬ߢ㧘ᅛ㓮߳ߩࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᢎ⢒ߪᔅⷐߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᅛ㓮߇ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥߞߡ߽ߘߩᅛ㓮⁁ᘒߦᄌൻߪߥ޿㧘⽷↥ᚲ᦭ߦᄌᦝߪߥߐࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁⊒⸒ߪᢙᄙߊߺࠄࠇࠆ 33)‫߽ࡦ࠰ࡉࠡޕ‬ਥੱ߳ߩ‫ޡ‬ੑㅢߩᦠ◲‫ߡ޿߅ߦޢ‬ห᭽ߦᅛ㓮りಽࠍᠩ⼔ߒߚ 34)‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߪᅛ㓮೙ࠍᠩ⼔ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߚߣ߃ᅛ㓮߇ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦᡷቬߒߡ߽⥄↱ߦߪߥࠇߥ޿ߣ޿߁┙႐ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬

9696㕍  ᩉIII  ਥᢎߦࠃࠆᅛ㓮೙ᛕ್ߩ⺑ᢎ(1) ࠙ࠜ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻ࡦߦࠃࠆ⺑ᢎߎߎߢߪ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળౝㇱߩᅛ㓮೙߳ߩ⠨߃ᣇߩᄌൻࠍᜰ៰ߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ၮᧄ⊛ߦࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߪᅛ㓮೙ࠍᡰᜬߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘SPG ߽ᅛ㓮ࠍ⾼౉࡮ᚲ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘18 ਎♿ᓟඨߦߥࠆߣᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ߿ᅛ㓮೙ࠍᛕ್ߔࠆ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪߽⃻ࠇ㧘SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߩ⺑ᢎߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥ⺑ᢎ߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘એਅߩਥᢎߚߜߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬
1766 ᐕ ࠙ࠖ࡝ࠕࡓ࡮࠙ࠜ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻ࡦ(William Warburton) ࠣࡠࠬ࠲ਥᢎ
1783 ᐕ ࡆ࡯࡞ࡆ࡮ࡐ࡯࠹ࠖࠕࠬ(Beilby Porteus) ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎ
1789 ᐕ ࠨࡒࡘࠛ࡞࡮ࡂ࡝ࡈࠔࠢࠬ(Samuel Hallifax) ࠣࡠࠬ࠲ਥᢎ
1793 ᐕ ࡚ࠫࡦ࡮࠳ࠣ࡜ࠬ(John Douglas) ࠰࡯࡞࠭ࡌ࡝ਥᢎ1797 ᐕ ࠴ࡖ࡯࡞࠭࡮ࡑ࠽-ࠨ࠶࠻ࡦ(Charles Manner-Sutton) ࡁ࡝࠶ࠫਥᢎᦨೋߦ᣿⏕ߦᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙ࠍᛕ್ߒߚߩߪ㧘1766 ᐕߩࠣࡠࠬ࠲ਥᢎ࠙ࠜ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻ࡦߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪᰴߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߚ 35)‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߪᚒ‫߇ࠆ޽ߢ↥⽷ߩޘ‬㧘⡼ߩ⦡એᄖ㧘ᚒ‫ߣޘ‬ห᭽ߩߔߴߡߩ⾗⾰ࠍᜬߜ㧘ᚒ‫ߣޘ‬ห᭽ߩߔߴߡߩ⢻ജࠍ஻߃ߚⵍㅧ‛ߢ޽ࠆ‫࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ᖡฬ㜞޿ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ߇␹ߣੱ㑆ਔᣇߩᴺᓞࠍ⋥ធଚኂߒߡ޿ࠆ੐߶ߤ㧘ߔߴߡߩੱߦߣߞߡ⏕߆ߢ᣿ࠄ߆ߥ߽ߩߪߥ޿‫ੱߪ␹ޕ‬㑆ࠍ⥄↱ߦഃㅧߒ㧘␹ߩᕲ኶ߪᓐߦᓐߩ⥄↱ࠍ⢐ቯߐߖࠆ‫ߩࡓ࠳ࠕߥࠇࠊ޽ߩࠄࠇߎޕ‬ሶቊߩㅊ᡼ߐࠇߚ⠪ߪᓐࠄߩ᡿ㇹߣᲣ࿖߆ࠄ⹊᱂⊛ⴕὑߣ᥸ജߦࠃߞߡᒁ߈㔌ߐࠇߚ߇㧘ߎߩଚኂߩญታߣߒߡ㧘ߘࠇߦࠃߞߡᓐࠄߪࠃࠅᐘ⑔ߦߥࠅ㧘ᓐࠄߩ⁁ᴫߪࠃࠅᦸ߹ߒߊߥߞߚߩߛߣਥᒛߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘޽ߥߚߪઁੱߩᐘ⑔ࠍ್ᢿߢ߈ࠆߩߛࠈ߁߆‫ߚߥ޽࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ᣇߩᅛ㓮ߪ㧘੹߹ߢߦᓐࠄߩਇᐘߥ⁁ᘒߦߟ޿ߡਇḩࠍ⸒ࠊߥ߆ߞߚ߆‫ߩߚߥ޽ ࡮࡮ޕ‬ᅛ㓮ߦ㧘ᓐࠄ⥄りߢ૗߇ᓐࠄߩᐘ⑔ߣߥࠆߩ߆್ᢿߐߖߥߐ޿‫ߥࠇࠊ޽޿ߒ⽺ߩࠄࠇߎ࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬⠪ߚߜߩ਎ଶߩ⁁ᘒߦ㑐ߒߡ㧘޽ࠆࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯ߩᱷ㉃ߐߣ♖␹⊛ߥ੐ߦߟ޿ߡߩήቬᢎ⊛ߥᕃᘟߪ৻⥸⊛ߦ㉛⡞ߦߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ߿ SPG ߇ᅛ㓮೙ᡰᜬߩᣇ㊎ߢ޽ߞߚߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ᓐߪࡊ࡜ࡦ࠲࡯
߿ᱷ㉃ߥᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙ࠍᛕ್ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߩࠄࠇߘޕ‬ᑄᱛ߹ߢߪㅀߴߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ
࠼࿖ᢎળߩ㜞૏⡛⡯⠪ߢ޽ࠆੱ‛߇ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⺑ᢎࠍߒߚߎߣߪ㊀ⷐߢ޽ࠆ‫߽࡯ࠨ࠶ࠔࡧޕ‬㧘‫ޟ‬㐳޿㑆⏕┙ߐࠇߚ SPG ߩᣇ㊎߿㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߩਥᢎߣߒߡߩ㧘දળߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߣߒߡߩ┙႐ࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫㧘ߘߒߡᓐ߇౏ߦදળߩ⠌ᘠߣᣇ㊎ࠍᛕ್ߒߚ੐ታࠍ⠨߃ࠇ߫㧘ᓐߩਥᒛߪᧄᒰߦാ᳇ߩ޽ࠆ߽ߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪᅛ㓮೙ࠍ㕖㔍ߒߚࠕࡦࠣ࡝ࠞࡦ૏㓏೙ߩਛߩᦨೋߩࡔࡦࡃ࡯ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ࠍ࡯ࠞ࡯ࠛࠢޕ‬㒰޿ߡ㧘ᓐߪߘߩࠃ߁ߥਥᒛࠍߒߚࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼ߩᦨೋߩ⪺ฬߥᢎળੱߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߣޠޕ‬ㅀߴߚ 36)‫ޕ‬ ߚߛߒ㧘✬㓸⠪ߪਇ᣿ߢ޽ࠆ߇ 1788 ᐕߦ಴ߐࠇߚᓐߩ⪺૞㓸ߦ㧘ߎߩ SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߩ⺑ᢎ߇෼㍳ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߩߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ߘߎߢߪᰴߩᅛ㓮⾏ᤃࠍᛕ್ߔࠆ▎ᚲ߇೥㒰ߐࠇߡ޿ߚࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ979737)‫ޟޕ‬ᖡฬ㜞޿ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ߇␹ߣੱ㑆ਔᣇߩᴺᓞࠍ⋥ធଚኂߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ߶ߤ㧘ߔߴߡߩੱߦߣߞߡ⏕߆ߢ᣿ࠄ߆ߥ߽ߩߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬ㅧ‛ਥߪੱ㑆ࠍ⥄↱ߦഃㅧߒ㧘␹ߩᕲ኶ߪᓐߦᓐߩ⥄↱ࠍ⢐ቯߐߖࠆ 38)‫ޠޕ‬ ᓐߪ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߪ㧘ේᆎ⊛ߥࠕࡈ࡝ࠞੱߩ㕙ୟࠍߺߡ㧘ᓐࠄࠍ㜞߼㧘ߘߒߡᓐࠄࠍࠃࠅᐘ⑔ߦߔࠆੱ㑆⊛ߥ೙ᐲߥߩߢ޽ࠆ㧘ߣ޿߁㐳޿㑆⏕┙ߐࠇߡ߈ߚਥᒛࠍቢోߦߊߟ߇߃ߒߚ‫ޕ‬Ꮢ᳃⊛㧘ቬᢎ⊛ᮭ೑ਔᣇ߳ߩଚኂߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡᅛ㓮೙ࠍᒢഷߒߚ‫ߦ߆ߒߚޕ‬ᓐߪᅛ㓮ߩ⸃᡼߿ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃࠍ߿߼ࠆࠃ߁ߦߪ⸷߃ߥ߆ߞߚ߇㧘දળ߇ᅛ㓮ߩャ౉ࠍ߿߼ߡᓐࠄࠍ⥄↱ߦߔߴ߈ߛߣ߶ߩ߼߆ߒߚ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘ᓐߩ⺑ᢎᓟ㧘ࠦ࠼࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦߩਇേ↥ߦ߅ߌࠆදળߩᣇ㊎߽㧘ትᢎᏧ߳ߩᔘ๔߽ၮᧄ⊛ߥᄌൻߪߥ߆ߞߚ 39)‫ޕ‬࠙ࠜ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻ࡦߩ⺑ᢎ߆ࠄਃᐕᓟߩ 1769 ᐕ㧘ࡉ࡝ࠬ࠻࡞ਥᢎ࠻ࡑࠬ࡮࠾ࡘ࡯࠻ࡦ(ThomasNewton)ߪ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߩᛕ್ߥߤߪߒߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦᅛ㓮߇⥄↱ߦߥࠆߎߣࠍᏗᦸߒߚ40)‫ޕ‬‫ޟ‬᳃ᢙ⸥╙ 11 ┨ 29 ▵ߦ߅޿ߡࡕ࡯࠮߇‫ࠍ߼ߚߩߒߚࠊߪߚߥ޽ޡ‬ᕁߞߡߨߚ߻ᔃࠍ⿠ߎߒߡ޿ࠆߩ߆‫ߪߒߚࠊޕ‬㧘ਥ߇㔤ࠍ᝼ߌߡ㧘ਥߩ᳃ߔߴߡ߇㗍⸒⠪ߦߥࠇ߫ߣࠃ޿ߣಾᦸߒߡ޿ࠆߩߛ‫ߦ߁ࠃߚࠇࠊ⸒ߣޢ‬㧘⑳߽㧘ᅛ㓮ߢ޽ࠇ⥄↱ੱߢ޽ࠇ㧘ߔߴߡߩ᳃߇⥄↱ߦߥࠇ߫ࠃ޿ߣಾᦸߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⸒޿ߚ޿‫ޠ࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬(2) ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙߳ߩᛕ್1783 ᐕ㧘ࡠࡦ࠼ࡦਥᢎࡐ࡯࠹ࠖࠕࠬߪᅛ㓮⾏ᤃߦᛕ್⊛ߢ㧘ᅛ㓮ߦᢎ⢒ࠍⴕ߁ߎߣࠍᾲᔃߦ⺑޿ߡ޿ߚ‫ޕ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ਥߩਥⷐߥᵈᗧߪ㧘ੱ㑆ߩਛߢ߽ᦨ߽⽺ߒ޿⠪㧘ᦨ߽ή⍮ߥ⠪㧘ᦨ߽ήജߥ⠪㧘ᦨ߽ຟࠇߥ⠪ߦਈ߃ࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮໪⫥ߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿਎⇇ߩߔߴߡߩ࿾඙ߢ㧘਎ଶ࡮ቬᢎਔᣇߩᓐࠄߩਇ⿷ࠍᢇ߁ߚ߼ߩ㧘ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ᘿߺᷓ޿ഥߌࠍᔅⷐߣߒߡ޿ࠆ޽߹ࠅߦᄙߊߩੱ‫ࠍߣߎࠆ޿߇ޘ‬㧘␹ߪᓮሽߓߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮ࠗࠛࠬ߇⽺ߒ޿⠪㧘்ߟ޿ߚ⠪㧘⋡ߩ⷗߃ߥ޿⠪㧘᝝⯰㧘ᅛ㓮ߣߐࠇߚ⠪ߦߟ޿ߡ⺆ࠆᤨ㧘⺕߇ᚒ‫࠼ࡦࠗ⷏ߩޘ‬ᬀ᳃࿾ߩਇᐘߥੱ⒳㧘ࠕࡈ࡝ࠞ♽ᅛ㓮ߦߟ޿ߡ⠨߃ࠆߩࠍᘕ߻ߎߣ߇ߢ߈ࠆߩ߆ 41)‫࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ή⍮ߩ⁁ᘒ߆ࠄᓐࠄࠍᢇ߁ߚ߼ߦߎߩදળߪദജߒߡ߈ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ദജߪᦸ߹ߒ޿ᚑഞࠍ㆐ᚑߒߡ޿ߥ޿‫߇ੱࠞ࡝ࡈࠕ࡮࡮࡮ߪࠇߘޕ‬ቬᢎ⊛⍮⼂ࠍฃߌ㧘⛽ᜬߔࠆ⢻ജ߇ߥ޿߆ࠄߢߪߥ޿‫ޕ‬㤥ੱߪߒ߫ߒ߫㧘⋥ߖߥ޿߶ߤ㕖Ᏹߦᗱ߆ߢᗱ㊰ߥߩߢ㧘ߔߴߡߩቬᢎ⊛ᢎ⢒ࠍฃߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿ߣߺߥߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߣߣ߽ߦ૗ᐕ߽↢ᵴߒߚା↪ߢ߈ࠆੱߪ㧘ߎࠇߪ߹ߞߚߊ⌀ታ߆ࠄ⒟㆙޿ߣਥᒛߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪᧄᒰߦ㧘৻⥸⊛ߦℂ⸃ജߩὐߢߪ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄੱࠃࠅ߽ߪࠆ߆ߦਅߢ޽ࠆ߇㧘ᓐࠄߩᄙߊߪᚻ઀੐ߩᛛⴚࠍቇ߱ߎߣߦ߅޿ߡߪ㧘ᕆㅦߢེ↪ߢ޽ࠆ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘૗ੱ߆ߪ㕖Ᏹߦਗߪߕࠇߚᚽ⢻ߣ㕖Ᏹߦ㜞⾆ߥᗵᖱࠍᜬߞߡ޿ࠆ 42㧕‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮੹ᓟ㧘㤥ੱᅛ㓮ߩᢥ᣿ൻߣᡷቬ߇ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ᢘ⯩ߥ઀੐ߩਥⷐ⋡⊛ߩ৻ߟߣߥࠆߎߣ㧘ߘߒߡ㧘ߘߩ⋡⊛ߩߚ߼ߩㆡಾߢታⴕߢ߈ࠆ⸘↹߇౏ߦߥࠆߎߣ߇⍮ࠄࠇࠇ߫㧘ߘߩᤨߦߔߴߡߩᗲᖱߣߔߴߡߩេഥߩᚻ߇ᐢ߇ࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬࡮࡮ߎߩༀᗧߩ⌀ታߩࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߩ⹜ߺߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ࠣ࡟࡯࠻࡮ࡉ࡝࠹ࡦ߇ᜰዉߒߡ޿ߊߎߣߪฬ⹷ߦߥࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ߐࠄߦ㧘ຟࠇߥࠕࡈ࡝ࠞੱߩ਎ଶ࡮ቬᢎਔᣇߩ㕙ߢἴ㔍ࠍ✭๺ߔࠆࠃ߁㕖Ᏹߦኡᄢߦߥࠆߎߣߪ㧘ߎߩ࿖ߩੱ‫⟵ߩޘ‬ോߢ޽ࠆߣ⑳ߦઃߌട߃ߐߖߡ߶ߒ޿‫            ޕ‬9898

㕍  ᩉ࡮࡮࡮ߥߗߥࠄ㧘ᓐࠄߪ૗ᐕ߽ߩ㑆㧘࡮࡮࡮㕖ੱ㑆⊛ߥੱりᄁ⾈ߦ㑐ࠊߞߡ߈ߡ޿ߡ㧘߶߆ߩߤߩ࡛࡯ࡠ࠶ࡄ⻉࿖ࠃࠅ߽ᄙߊߩᅛ㓮ࠍャ౉ߒߡ߈ߚ߆ࠄߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߩᚻᲑߦࠃߞߡ㧘૗ජੱ㧘૗⊖ਁੱߩੱ㑆߇␲࿖߆ࠄ㧘ଔ୯޽ࠆߔߴߡߩᕺߺ߆ࠄ㧘ᓐࠄߦߣߞߡᄢಾߥߔߴߡߩ㑐ଥ߆ࠄᒁ߈㔌ߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߪାߓ߇ߚ޿߶ߤߟࠄߊ࿎㔍ߥ⥶ᶏࠍ⚳߃ߡ߆ࠄ਄㒽ߒߡ㧘⍮ࠄߥ޿ੱ‫ߩޘ‬㑆ߦ౉ߞߡ޿ߞߚ‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄߩ‽⟋߿⺋ࠅߪߥ޿ߩߦ㧘᳗ਭߩᅛ㓮⁁ᘒ߳ߣㆇ๮ࠍቯ߼ࠄࠇߚ‫⥶ߩߘޕ‬ᶏߩਛߢᓐࠄߩᄙߊ߇ታ㓙ߪᱫ੢ߒߚ 43)‫࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ห࿖ੱߦ㧘ߢ߈ࠆߛߌᣧߊ㧘㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߩੱ㑆ߦᒁ߈⿠ߎߒߚἴ㔍ࠍシᷫߔࠆࠃ߁ᕆ߇ߖࠃ߁‫ࠍࠇߘߌߛࠆ߈ߢޕ‬๺ࠄߍ㧘✭๺ߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘ߘߒߡ㧘ᓐࠄࠍή⍮ߣ⟋ߩࠃࠅᱷ㉃ߥᅛ㓮⁁ᘒ߆ࠄᢇ߅߁ߣߔࠆߎߣߦࠃߞߡ㧘㕖Ᏹߦᄙߊߩ⚐☴ߥห⢩ࠍᄢᄌ߭ߤ޿਎ଶߩᅛ㓮りಽߦߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁㕖㔍ࠍ᜞޿෰ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮ᔃ߇்ߟ޿ߚ⠪ࠍ≹ߒ㧘᝝⯰ߦᢇ಴ࠍ⺑߈㧘⋡ߩ⷗߃ߥ޿ੱߩⷞജࠍ࿁ᓳߒ㧘்ߟߌࠄࠇߚੱ‫↱⥄ࠍޘ‬ߦߒ㧘ਥ߇ᕺߺࠍ߅ਈ߃ߦߥࠆᐕࠍ⺑ߊߚ߼ߦ 44)‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦࡐ࡯࠹ࠖࠕࠬߪᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ߿ᅛ㓮⁁ᘒࠍ᣿⏕ߦᛕ್ߒ㧘ᣧߊߘࠇࠄࠍ✭๺ߔࠆࠃ߁ߦ⺑޿ߡ޿ࠆ‫ߚ߹ޕ‬㧘ᅛ㓮߳ߩࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᢎ⢒߽൘߼ߚ‫ޕ‬(3) ᅛ㓮೙ߩ✭๺࡮ᑄᱛߩਥᒛ18 ਎♿ᓟඨ㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬᧄ࿖ߣᬀ᳃࿾ߩ㑐ଥߪᖡൻߒ㧘ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞ⁛┙ᓟߦචਃᬀ᳃࿾ߪ߽ߪ߿ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㗔ߢߪߥߊߥߞߚ‫ޕ‬SPG ߪࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ㗔ౝߦᵴേࠍ㒢ቯߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼㧘1784 ᐕ㗃߆ࠄߪትᢎᏧ߽ᵷ㆜ߐࠇߥߊߥࠆ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘⷏ࠗࡦ࠼⻉ፉ߿ࠞ࠽࠳ߩᬀ᳃࿾ߦߪᒁ߈⛯߈Ꮣᢎᵴേ
߇ߥߐࠇߚ‫⻉࠼ࡦࠗ⷏ߌࠊࠅߣޕ‬ፉߪᅛ㓮ࠍ૶↪ߒߚ⍾♧ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦ㧘ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ߇⋓ࠎߢ޽ߞߚ‫࠲ࠬࡠࠣޕ‬ਥᢎࡂ࡝ࡈࠔࠢࠬߪ 1789 ᐕߩ⺑ᢎߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᅛ㓮೙߿ᅛ㓮ߩਥੱ߳ߩ᦯ᓥߪ᭽‫ߥޘ‬⡛ᦠߩ࠹ࠠࠬ࠻ߦ߅޿ߡ⹺߼ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߒߡ޿ࠆ‫߫߃଀ޕ‬㧘࠹ࡕ࠹߳ߩᚻ⚕৻╙6 ┨ 1 ▵㧘࠹࠻ࠬ߳ߩᚻ⚕╙ 2 ┨ 9㧘10 ▵㧘ࠛࡈࠚ࠰ߩାᓤ߳ߩᚻ⚕╙ 6 ┨ 6㧘7 ▵ߥߤߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᓐߪએਅߩࠃ߁ߦㅀߴߚ 45)‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ⑔㖸ߪ㧘ੱ㑆ߩりಽ߿ኅᐸౝߩ⟵ോࠍᄌᦝߔࠆߎߣߪߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߘޕ‬ߒߡ㧘ᓐߪᡷቬ⠪ߦߪ[ถߐࠇߚߣ߈ߩりಽߦߣߤ߹ߞߡ޿ߥߐ޿㧔ࠦ࡝ࡦ࠻ߩାᓤ߳ߩᚻ⚕৻╙ 7 ┨ 20 ▵㨪24 ▵㧕ߣ޿߁]ⷙೣࠍ቞ࠄߖߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬⡛ᦠߦ߅޿ߡᅛ㓮೙ᐲ߇㆑ᴺߢ޽ࠆߣት⸒ߒߡ޿ࠆߣߎࠈࠍ㧘⑳ߪ⷗ߟߌࠆߎߣ߇ߢ߈ߥ޿‫ޕ‬ㅒߦᣂ⚂⡛ᦠߩᢎ⟵ߢߪ㧘ߘࠇ[ᅛ㓮]ߦߟ޿ߡߩᴺᓞߪ෩ߒߊ෩ᩰߢᓥࠊߥߌࠇ߫ߥࠄߥ޿‫ࠄࠇߎޕ‬ߩᴺᓞ߇⛯ߊ㒢ࠅ㧘ਥੱߩᡰ㈩ߪએ೨ߣห᭽ߦ⛘ኻ⊛ߦ⛮⛯ߔࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮ℂ⺰⊛ߦߪࠠ࡝
ࠬ࠻ᢎߩⓏ߿߆ߥᕈ⾰ߪኅౝᅛ㓮ߦߪㆡߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ߇ᐢ߹ࠇ߫ߘࠇߛߌᅛ㓮೙ߪ⴮ㅌߔࠆߩ߇⌀ታߢ޽ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ߘߒߡ㧘⷏ࠗࡦ࠼⻉ፉߦ߅޿ߡⴕേࠍⷙ೙ߒߡ޿ࠆᴺᓞߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߩᐘ⑔ࠃࠅ߽ਥੱߩ೑⋉ࠍ⠨ᘦߒߚⷰὐߢ૞ᚑߐࠇߡ޿ߡ㧘ߘࠇࠄߩᄙߊߪୃᱜ㧘ᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߎߣ߇ⷐ᳞ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߦ߽߆߆ࠊࠄߕ㧘ߘߩࠃ߁ߥୃᱜ߿ᑄᱛ߇ታ㓙ߦ㆐ᚑߐࠇࠆ߹ߢߪ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ߩ₺࿖ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߪ⡛ᦠߩᢎ⸠ߦ⍦⋫ߒߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮ߒ߆ߒ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߦ㑐ߔࠆᴺᓞߪᵈᗧᷓߊୃᱜߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᔅⷐߥࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ9999

႐วߪᄌᦝߐࠇᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ߡߒߘޕ‬㧘ᓐࠄࠍᲣ࿖߆ࠄㅪࠇߡߊࠆ᭽ᑼߣ㧘ᚒ‫ޘ‬ߩᬀ᳃࿾ߦㆇ߫ࠇߚᤨߩᓐࠄߩᛒ޿ਔᣇߦ߅޿ߡ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߩᕟᔺߩ✭๺߇߹ߕ╙৻ߦ଻⸽ߐࠇࠆߥࠄ߫㧘ߘࠇߩᧂ᧪ߩቢోߥᑄᱛߩߚ߼ߩ㆏߇ᰴ╙ߦḰ஻ߐࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬ એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘ࡂ࡝ࡈࠔࠢࠬߪᅛ㓮೙ߪวᴺߢ޽ࠅ⡛ᦠߢ߽⑌ᱛߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߩߢ㤩⹺ߒߡ޿ࠆ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ♖␹ߣ߆ߌ㔌ࠇߚᅛ㓮೙ߦ⇼໧ࠍᜬߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘੹ᓟᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᦼᓙߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬1793 ᐕ㧘࠰࡯࡞࠭ࡌ࡝ਥᢎ࠳ࠣ࡜ࠬߪᅛ㓮೙ߩᑄᱛ߹ߢߪㅀߴߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧘ᰴߩࠃ߁ߦߘߩ෩ᩰߐࠍ✭๺ߔࠆߎߣࠍ⺑޿ߚ 46)‫ޕ‬‫]ߪߢࡦ࡚ࠪ࡯࠹ࡦ࡜ࡊ࡮ࡦ࠻ࡦ࡝࠼ࠦ[ޟ‬ᚒ‫ߩޘ‬ᆔ⸤ਇേ↥ߩ⃻࿷ߩ⋙〈ߦࠃߞߡᜰ␜߇➅ࠅ㄰ߒਈ߃ࠄࠇ㧘ᔘታߦታⴕߐࠇߡ߈ߚ‫ߪߣߎߩߎޕ‬㧘ᚒ‫⥄ޘ‬りߩᅛ㓮ߩ਎ଶ㕙ߣቬᢎ㕙ਔᣇߩᡷༀߦߣߞߡ㧘ᚒ‫ߤ߶ࠇߤ߇ޘ‬ᵈᗧᷓ޿߆ࠍ⴫ߔߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ߔߴߡߩ⻉ፉߩࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߩߔߴߡߩ࿾ਥ߳ᮨ▸ߣߒߡ␜ߔᚻᧄߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮ߔߴߡߩੱ㑆ߩⷙೣߦࠃߞߡᅛ㓮೙ߩ෩ᩰߐࠍ✭๺ߔࠆߎߣߪ㧘ᓐࠄߩ೑⋉ߣห᭽ߦᓐࠄߩ⟵ോߢ޽ࠆ‫ޠޕ‬ 1797 ᐕߩࡁ࡝࠶ࠫਥᢎࡑ࠽́ࠨ࠶࠻ࡦߩ⺑ᢎߢߪ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ♖␹ߣᅛ㓮೙ߪ⍦⋫ߒߡ޿ࠆߎߣ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎ਎⇇ߦ߅޿ߡᅛ㓮೙߇ߎߩ߹߹⛯ߊߪߕ߇ߥ޿ߎߣ߇␜ໂߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ 47)‫ޕ‬ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߩਥ⟵ߣ⟵ോߪᅛ㓮೙ߩሽ࿷ߦᢜኻߒߡ޿ࠆߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ㧘߽ߪ߿෻ኻߐࠇߥ޿ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠ࡮࡮࡮ޕ‬ᢎߪ㧘⛔ᴦ⠪ߣⵍ⛔ᴦ⠪ߩ♖␹ߦ㧘⒎ᐨ㧘ᱜ⟵㧘ᘏᖤ㧘⿔ߒ㧘⋧੕ߩༀᗧ㧘ో⥸⊛ߥᘏༀߩᗲࠍᓢ‫ߦޘ‬ᶐㅘߐߖࠆ‫ߒ߽ޕ‬㧘ߎࠇࠄߩߔߴߡ߆㧘޿ߊߟ߆߇ᅛ㓮೙ߣ⋧޿ࠇߥ޿ߥࠄ߫㧘⇼޿ߥߊᅛ㓮೙ߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎቬᢎߣߪ⋧޿ࠇߥ޿‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘ߎߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓߩ⛮⛯ߦ೑ኂ߇޽ࠆੱ‫ߡߞࠃߦޘ‬㧘ᚒ‫ߚࠇߐ⑔␸ߩޘ‬ᢇ޿ਥߩഞᓧ߿ખ੺ߦࠃࠆ⑔㖸ߩశ߿ਇṌߩᏗᦸ߆ࠄߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߪ㒰ᄖߐࠇߡ޿ࠆߣਥᒛߐࠇࠆߦ㆑޿ߥ޿‫ޕ‬࡮࡮࡮⑔㖸ߩવ㆏߆㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߩࠪࠬ࠹ࡓ߆㧘ߤߜࠄࠍᅢ߻ߩ߆ߣ޿߁ߎߣߪ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߣߞߡ⇼໧ߩ૛࿾ߪ޽ࠅ߃ߥ޿‫ޕ‬એ਄ߩࠃ߁ߦ㧘৻ㇱߩ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߪᅛ㓮೙ߩᑄᱛ߹ߢߪ⸷߃ߡߥ޿߇㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߩᘏᗲߩ♖␹ߦ෻ߔࠆᅛ㓮೙ߦ෻ኻߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘዁᧪⊛ߦ✭๺࡮ᑄᱛߐࠇࠆߎߣࠍᏗᦸߒߡ޿ߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬߅ࠊࠅߦᧄⓂߢߪ㧘SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߩ⺑ᢎࠍਛᔃߦࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߩ⺑ᢎ߿⪺૞ࠍᬌ⸛ߒ㧘18 ਎♿ߦ߅ߌࠆ࿖ᢎળߩᅛ㓮೙ߦߟ޿ߡߩᕁᗐߩᄌൻࠍ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ‫ޕ‬ᒰᤨ㧘ࠗࠡ࡝ࠬ߿ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮ߩਥੱ߿ᄙߊߩੱ‫ߡߞߣߦޘ‬㧘ᅛ㓮ߪੱ㑆ߢߪߥߊ㧘ਥੱ߇⾼౉ߒߚ⽷↥ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ޕ‬ᓐࠄߪ㧘ᅛ㓮ߪ㊁ⱄߢᗱ߆ߥ⇣ᢎᓤߢ޽ࠅ㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎࠍቇ߱ߎߣߪਇน⢻ߢ㧘ᓐࠄߦᢎ⢒߿ᵞ␞ࠍฃߌߐߖߚࠅߔࠆᔅⷐߪߥ޿ߣ⠨߃ߡ޿ߚ‫৻ޕ‬ㇱߩਥੱߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᏓᢎߦ⾥ᚑߒߡ޿ߚ߇㧘ో૕⊛ߦ SPG ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮߳ߩᏓᢎߪ࿎㔍ߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߩੱࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޕ‬㑆ߢߪᅛ㓮ߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤߦߥࠇ߫⥄↱ߦߥࠆߣ޿߁⠌ᘠ߿ⷰᔨ߇޽ࠅ㧘ਥੱߚߜߪࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤᅛ㓮߇⥄↱ߦߥࠆߣ⥄ಽߚߜߩ⽷↥߇ଚኂߐࠇࠆߣ޿ߞߡᏓᢎߦ෻ኻ

100100㕍  ᩉߒߚ‫ޕ‬৻ᣇ㧘ࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߪ⇣ᢎᓤࠍࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎൻߐߖࠆߩߪ⟵ോߛߣ⠨߃㧘ᅛ㓮߳ߩᏓᢎߦᾲᔃߢ޽ߞߚ‫ߒߛߚޕ‬㧘SPG ߿࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪߽㧘⡛ᦠߢᅛ㓮೙ߪ⑌ᱛߐࠇߡ߅ࠄߕ㧘ᅛ㓮ߩਥੱ߳ߩ᦯ᓥ߇ᦠ߆ࠇߡ޿ࠆߣߒߡᅛ㓮೙ࠍᠩ⼔ߒߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘18 ਎♿ᓟඨߦߥࠆߣ㧘ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙ߦ⇣⼏ࠍ໒߃ߚ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪߽⃻ࠇߚߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬࿖ᢎળߪᅛ㓮೙ࠍᠩ⼔ߔࠆ┙႐ߢ޽ߞߚ߇ᄌൻ߇ߺࠄࠇߚ‫ޕ‬SPG ᐕᰴ⸥ᔨᄢળߦ߅ߌࠆ⺑ᢎ╬ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߣ㧘৻ㇱߩਥᢎߪ⡛ᦠߢᅛ㓮೙ߪุቯߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿ߣߒߥ߇ࠄ߽㧘✭๺߿ᑄᱛࠍᏗᦸߒߡ޿ߚ‫߽ᦨޕ‬ᣧ޿Ბ㓏ߢߪ㧘1766 ᐕߦࠣࡠࠬ࠲ਥᢎ࠙ࠜ࡯ࡃ࡯࠻ࡦ߇᣿⊕ߦᅛ㓮⾏ᤃࠍ㕖㔍ߒᅛ㓮ߩ⥄↱ࠍ⹺߼ߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ᢎળߪᅛ㓮೙ࠍᡰᜬߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘SPG ⥄૕߽ࡊ࡜ࡦ࠹࡯࡚ࠪࡦߣᅛ㓮ࠍᚲ᦭ߒߡ޿ߚߚ߼㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥ⊒⸒ߪ⾆㊀ߢ޽ࠈ߁‫ޕ‬18 ਎♿ᓟඨߦਥᢎߚߜߦࠃߞߡ㧘ᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙ߦᛕ್⊛ߥ⺑ᢎ߇ߥߐࠇߚߎߣߪ↹ᦼ⊛ߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬18 ਎♿߆ࠄ 19 ਎♿ߦ߆ߌߡ㧘ࠢࠛ࡯ࠞ࡯߿ࡃࡊ࠹ࠬ࠻ߥߤ᭽‫࠻ࠬ࡝ࠠߥޘ‬ᢎቬᵷߦࠃߞߡ෻ᅛ㓮೙ㆇേ߇⿠߈ߚ‫ޕ‬࿖ᢎળߩ㜞૏⡛⡯⠪ߩ㑆ߢ߽㧘ߎߩࠃ߁ߥᗧ⷗߇ߥߗߺࠄࠇࠆࠃ߁ߦߥߞߚߩ߆㧘෻ᅛ㓮೙ㆇേߩ㑐ଥ⠪ߣߩ੤ᵹ߿ᓇ㗀߇޽ߞߚߩ߆㧘ߣ޿߁ὐߦߟ޿ߡߪᬌ⸛ߢ߈ߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪߽ੱ㆏⊛ߥⷰὐ߆ࠄᅛ㓮⾏ᤃ࡮ᅛ㓮೙ߪᱷ㉃ߢ޽ࠆߣߒߡᛕ್ߒߚߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ‫ߦ߆ߒߚޕ‬ᅛ㓮೙ߪ⡛ᦠߢุቯߐࠇߡ޿ߥ޿߇㧘ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎߩ♖␹ߪᱜ⟵㧘ᘏᖤ㧘ᗲߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᅛ㓮೙ߣߪ⋧޿ࠇߥ޿߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬ᅛ㓮೙ߦߟ޿ߡߩ࿖ᢎળߩᣇ㊎߿ᕁᗐߪ㧘ࠢࠛ࡯ࠞ࡯߿⼏ળౝᄖߩ෻ᅛ㓮೙ㆇേᜰዉ⠪ߣᲧセߒߡ޽߹ࠅᵈ⋡ߐࠇߡߎߥ߆ߞߚ‫ߒ߆ߒޕ‬㧘৻ㇱߩ࿖ᢎળ⡛⡯⠪ߪᅛ㓮೙ࠍᛕ್ߒ㧘18 ਎♿
ᓟඨߦߪᅛ㓮೙ߦኻߔࠆ࿖ᢎળߩᕁᗐߦᄌൻ߇⴫ࠇߚߣ޿߃ࠆ‫੹ޕ‬ᓟߪ㧘ౕ૕⊛ߥ SPG ትᢎᏧߩᏓᢎᵴേߩ᭽ሶࠍᧄㇱ߳ߩႎ๔ᦠ╬ߩผᢱࠍ߽ߣߦ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߒߚ޿‫ޕ‬ᵈ1) 㕍ᩉ߆߅ࠅ‫ࠬࡑ࠻ޟ‬㨯࠮࠶ࠞ࡯ߣࠕࡔ࡝ࠞਥᢎᵷ㆜⸘↹㧙18 ਎♿ඨ߫ߩࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ㧙‫⷏ޡޠ‬ᵗผቇ‫ޢ‬44 ภ㧘2007 ᐕ㧘48 㗁‫ޕ‬2) C. F. Pascoe ed., Two Hundred Years of the S. P. G.: An Historical Account of the Society forthe Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701-1900 (London: Society’s Office, 1901), 4.
3) 㕍ᩉ߆߅ࠅ‫ޟ‬18 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅ߌࠆᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળߣࠕࡔ࡝ࠞవ૑᳃‫ޡޠ‬ผầ‫ޢ‬64 ภ㧘2008 ᐕ㧔એਅ‫ޟ‬18 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅ߌࠆᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળ‫⸥⇛ߣޠ‬㧕㧘165 㗁;H. P. Thompson, Thomas Bray(London: S. P. C. K., 1954), 15, 16.
4) 㕍ᩉ‫ޟ‬18 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅ߌࠆᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળ‫ޠ‬166 㗁; Thompson, 44-46, 57, 58.
5)㕍ᩉ‫ޟ‬18 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅ߌࠆᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળ‫ޠ‬166 㗁; Thompson,57, 58.
6) 㕍ᩉ‫ޟ‬18 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅ߌࠆᶏᄖ⑔㖸વ㆏දળ‫ޠ‬163 㗁; 㕍ᩉ߆߅ࠅ‫ޟ‬18 ਎♿೨ඨߦ߅ߌࠆࠗࡦ
ࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળߣᅛ㓮೙㧙ࠠ࡝ࠬ࠻ᢎᓤᅛ㓮ߩ⥄↱㧙‫ޠ‬‫ືࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޡ‬ቇ⎇ⓥ‫ ╙ޢ‬37 ภ㧘2014 ᐕ㧘15 㗁‫ޕ‬SPG ߦߟ޿ߡߪ㧘ᣣᧄߦ߅ߌࠆ⎇ⓥߢߪ㧘Ⴆ↰ℂ‫ߩ࠼ࡦ࡜ࠣࡦࠗޡ‬ቬᢎ㧙ࠕࡦࠣ࡝ࠞ࠾
࠭ࡓߩᱧผߣߘߩ․⾰㧙‫ޢ‬ᢎᢥ㙚㧘2004 ᐕ㧘363 㗁;J. R. H. ࡓࠕࡑࡦ⪺㧘౎ઍፏ㧘ਛ᧛⨃㧘૒⮮ືౖ⸶‫ࠬ࡝ࠡࠗޡ‬ᢎળผ‫ޢ‬⡛౏ળ಴ 㧘1991 ᐕ㧘386 㗁ߢ⸒෸ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬7) 18 ਎♿ᓟඨߩ෻ᅛ㓮೙ㆇേߦߟ޿ߡߩ᭎⺑ߦ Christopher Leslie Brown, Moral Capital:Foundations of British Abolitionism (Chapel Hill: U of North Carolina Press, 2006)߇޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬8)A Sermon Preached before the Incorporated Society for the Propagation of the Gospel inForeign Parts at Their Anniversary Meeting… (London, 1702-1800)㧔એਅ㧘SPG Sermon ߣ⇛⸥㧕.

ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળ1011019) DavidHumphreys,An Historical Account of the Incorporated Society for the Propagation ofthe Gospel in Foreign Parts… (London, 1730), 248.
10) Isaac Maddox, SPG Sermon (1734), 25-26.
11) Beilby Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 8-10.
12) Edmund Gibson,Two Letters of the Lord Bishop of London: The First, to the Masters andMistresses of Families in the English Plantations Abroad; Exhorting Them to Encourage andPromote the Instruction of Their Negroes in the Christian Faith. The Second, to theMissionaries There … (London,1729), 13-18.
13) Humphreys, 235; Anthony Hill,After Baptizatus: or the Negro Turn’d Christian being a
Short and Plain Discourse, Shewing I. The Necessity of Instructing and Baptizing Slaves inEnglish Plantation. II. The Folly of that Vulgar Opinion, that Slaves Do Cease to be Slaves
when Once Baptized… (London,1702), 28; Robert Robertson, A Letter to the Right Reverend
the Lord Bishop of London, from an Inhabitant of His Majesty’s Leeward Caribbee Island…

(London,1730), 11.
14) Gibson, 18-21.
15) Hill, 28; George Berkeley, SPG Sermon (1732), 19; Herbert S.Klein, “Anglicanism,Catholicism and the Negro Slave,” Comparative Studies in Society and History, vol. 8, no. 3(1966):318-319; Rena Vassar, “William Knox's Defense of Slavery (1768),” Proceedings of theAmerican Philosophical Society, vol. 114, no. 4 (1970):311.
16) Klein, 318-319.
17) Richard Ligon, A True & Exact History of the Island of Barbadoes… (London,1673), 50.
18) Vassar, 313.
19) ࠦ࠼࡝ࡦ࠻ࡦߩㆮ⸒ᦠߪ Vincent T. Harlow, Christopher Codrington 1668-1710 (London:Hurst & Company, 1928), 216-220 ߦ⸥タߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ‫ޕ‬20) Vassar, 312.
21) Vassar, 313.
22) William Knox, Three Tracts Respecting the Conversion and Instruction of the Free Indiansand Negroe Salves in the Colonies, Addressed to the Venerable Society for Propagation of theGospel in Foreign Parts in the Year 1768, new ed. (London,1789), 14, 15.
23) Thomas Secker, SPG Sermon (1741), 7-9; Porteus,SPG Sermon (1783), 11-13.
24) William Fleetwood,SPG Sermon (1711), 18.
25) George Stanhope, SPG Sermon (1714), 16-17.
26) Gibson, 25.
27) Philip Bearcroft, A Sermon Preached before the Honorable Trustees for Establishing theColony of Georgia in America and the Associates of the Late Reverend Dr. Bray at TheirAnniversary Meeting March 16, 1737-38… (London, 1738), 19.

28) Humphreys, 235; Hill, 25.
29) George Berkeley, A Proposal for the Better Supplying of Churches in Our Foreign

Plantations, and for Converting the Savage Americans to Christianity, by a College to beErected in the Summer Islands, otherwise Called the Isles of Bermuda, 2nd ed. (London, 1725),

5.
30) Knox, 26-28.
31) John Williams, SPG Sermon (1706), 20-21.
32) William Fleetwood, SPG Sermon (1711), 20-21.
33) Samuel Bradford, SPG Sermon (1720), 37; Richard Smalbroke, SPG Sermon (1733), 38;
Martin Benson,SPG Sermon (1740), 19; Thomas Secker,SPG Sermon (1741), 22; Thomas
Newton, SPG Sermon (1769), 27; Hill, 30-32, 39, 45.

102102㕍  ᩉ34) Gibson, 21-22.
35) William Warburton, SPG Sermon (1766), 26-29.
36) Vassar, 313.
37) William Warburton, The Works of the Right Reverend William Warburton, vol. 5 (London,1788), 333, 334.
38) “Yet nothing is more certain in itself, and apparent to all, than that the infamous traffic forSlaves, directly infringes both divine and human Law. Nature created Man, free: and Grace
invites him to assert his freedom.”39) Vassar, 314.
40) Thomas Newton, SPG Sermon (1769), 27.
41) Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 6-7.
42) Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 11.
43) Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 31-32.
44) Porteus, SPG Sermon (1783), 33-34.
45) Samuel Hallifax, SPG Sermon (1789), 30-34.
46) John Douglas, SPG Sermon (1793), 21.
47) Charles Manner-Sutton, SPG Sermon (1797), 16-17.
ઃ⸥㧦ᧄⓂߪ㧘ᐔᚑ 25㨪28 ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ(C) ⺖㗴⇟ภ 25370866㧕㧘ᐔᚑ 25
㨪28 ᐕᐲ⑼ቇ⎇ⓥ⾌⵬ഥ㊄㧔ၮ⋚⎇ⓥ(A) ⺖㗴⇟ภ 25244035㧕߅ࠃ߮ᐔᚑ 25 ᐕᐲᄢಽᄢቇᢎ⢒⑔␩⑼ቇㇱ⍴ᦼࡊࡠࠫࠚࠢ࠻ߦࠃࠆ⎇ⓥᚑᨐߩ৻ㇱߢ޽ࠆ‫ޕ‬

103103ࠕࡔ࡝ࠞᬀ᳃࿾ߦ߅ߌࠆᅛ㓮೙ߣࠗࡦࠣ࡜ࡦ࠼࿖ᢎળSlavery in British America and the Church of England̆Sermons Preached beforethe Society for the Propagation of the Gospel inForeign Parts at Their Anniversary MeetinğAOYAGI, KaoriAbstract
The Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, theSPG was established in 1701 in order to send the missionaries converting
the American heathen.

The Missionaries tried to instruct the blackslaves in the plantations, however, their masters were against the SPG.
It was believed that the slaves could not be converted because they were
stupid and without souls to be saved. The planters thought that theslaves were their property and feared that the baptism would make theslaves free.

The SPG insisted that baptism did not make any alterationin civil property and that after being Christians, the slaves would be moreobedient to their masters.

During the eighteenth century there weresome SPG sermons which defensed the slavery for it was not prohibited inthe Bible.

Although the Church of England supported the slavery andthe masters' property, some Anglican clergy criticized the slave trade andthe slavery.

It seems that a change was observed in the Anglican

thought on slaveryin the later eighteenth century.
䇼Key words‫  ޤ‬Slavery,Slave Trade,

the Church of England,Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Partsthe104