MLF Annual Report 2010

MLF ANNUAL REPORT 2010

J-PARC 11-03
KEK Progress Report 2011-4

Materials and Life Science Division
J-PARC Center
Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

http://j-parc.jp/MatLife/en/index.html

J-PARC 11-03
KEK Progress Report 2011-4

J-PARC/MLF

Materials and Life Science Division
J-PARC Center
Tokai, Naka-gun, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan

Preface to the Annual Report of the Materials
and Life Science Experimental Facility for Year 2010

We were running stably with a beam power at 220kW just before the earthquake occurred on
March 11, 2011. Suddenly we were forced to stop the operation of the J-PARC facilities. It took
over two months since that event to investigate and identify the damages, and we could finallydetermine the actions needed to restore the operations of the facility and the estimated restarting
date, hopefully in December 2011. The most severe damages occurred in the Linac Tunnel andthe peripheral utility facilities around the 3GeV ring. Those damages included subsidence of thetunnel floor, uncounted cracks in the wall associated with groundwater leakage, and breakdown of
the power suppliers and the cooling systems. The most severe damages at the Materials and Life
Science Experimental Facility (MLF) occurred at the boundaries between the main experimental
hall and the annex buildings for long instruments extending to outside. The main front shields
surrounding the target station also suffered severe displacement. However, we expect that thedamaged areas in the MLF would be restored by December of this year. Currently all staffs areworking hard with the spirit of resurrection.

The staffs show their spirit of resurrection in front of the MLF building on 24 June 2011.

In 2010, before the disaster struck, we made a few big steps in expanding the beam operation.
The beam power increased stepwise from 100kW to 220kW with a very good availability of morethan 90% by December 2010. The power reached is only 1/5 of the final goal, 1 MW, however it
has already exceeded the power of ISIS, which had been the strongest pulsed neutron sourcefor nearly 25 years since 1985. The performance of the state-of-the-art target-moderator system
together with the instruments in MLF provided remarkably satisfactory output produced by those
instruments.
We found out that the users successfully conducted most of their experiments even with thispower level. We received over 350 proposals and the number of unique users exceeded 500.
Those statistics show a strong demand from users to MLF, although the operated machine timewas 2300 hours, which is half of the final goal.
In the beginning of 2010, the moderator cooling system experienced several faults, consistingof breaks in the accumulator of the cryogenic system and some problems in the filter system.
Those were fixed during the summer shutdown in 2010 and after that the proton power wasmaintained stably at 100 kW.
Now, in July 2011, our staffs are making their best efforts to restore the work at the facility andwe strongly hope to restart the MLF’s operation soon.
Right after the disaster, we received many letters with condolences and support. Here I would
like to express sincere gratitude to all our friends in the world. They encouraged us a lot. We werealso offered time for conducting experiments for MLF users at facilities abroad, like SNS, LANCE,ANSTO, ILL and ISIS. Here, we genuinely thank them for their friendship.

Masatoshi Arai
Division Director of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility,
J-PARC CenterContents
Preface to the Annual Report of the Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility for Year 2010
MLF Division in J-PARC Center

TopicsStatus of Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF)····································································· 2
Development for High Power Target System····································································································· 4Development of a Large Area Scintillator Detector for “SENJU”········································································ 7
Neutron Beam Focusing for Pulsed Neutrons with Supermirror Coated on Precisely Figured Surfaces·········· 9Strong s±-like Spin Resonance in the Nodal Fe-Based Superconductor BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2······························ 12High Pressure Neutron Diffraction Measurements of LaD2 Using NOVA··························································· 15
Crystal Structure Change of Cathode for Li Ion Battery During Charge of Coin Type Cell Observed
by Ex-Situ Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction·································································································· 18
Developments of an In-Situ SEOP Polarized 3He Neutron Spin Filter System at J-PARC································ 20
ANNRI Project Team Wins the 2011 AESJ Award······························································································ 22
Improvement of Muon Beam Transport at D-Line······························································································ 24
Development of New Positron/Electron Detector System for Pulsed μSR························································ 26µSR Study on Materials Potentially Applicable for Future Automobiles····························································· 28

Neutron Source
Very High Intense Proton Beam Commissioning······························································································· 32
Mercury Target System······································································································································ 34
The Cryogenic Hydrogen System······················································································································ 36
Neutron Target Station······································································································································· 39
Radiation Safety················································································································································· 41

Neutron Science
Neutron Science················································································································································· 44
BL 01: Fermi-Chopper Spectrometer 4SEASONS····························································································· 49
BL 02: The Si Crystal Analyzer Backscattering Spectrometer DNA··································································· 52
BL 03: IBARAKI Biological Crystal Diffractometer –iBIX···················································································· 54
Recent Progress in BL04, ANNRI······················································································································ 57
Studies of Neutron Optics for Physics Researches··························································································· 59
BL 08: Super High Resolution Neutron Powder Diffractometer SuperHRPD···················································· 62
BL 09: Special Environment Neutron Powder Diffractometer SPICA································································· 66
BL 10: NOBORU················································································································································ 68
BL 11: High Pressure Neutron Diffractometer PLANET····················································································· 71
Performance of High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer (HRC)········································································ 73
BL 14: AMATERAS············································································································································· 76
Development of the Smaller-Angle Neutron Scattering Instrument TAIKAN······················································ 79
Horizontal-type Neutron Reflectometer SOFIA·································································································· 81

Construction of a Polarized Neutron Reflectometer with Vertical Sample-Plane Geometry, BL17（写楽）······ 84
BL 18: Single Crystal Neutron Diffractometer under Extreme Condition (SENJU)············································ 86
TAKUMI at BL19················································································································································ 88
The Current Status of Versatile Neutron Diffractometer, iMATERIA·································································· 91
Structural Studies Began on the High Intensity Total Scattering Diffractometer (NOVA)··································· 94
Si Crystal Analyzer Manufacturing for DNA········································································································ 97
Computing Environment··································································································································· 100
Development of General Purpose Event Module (TrigNET) for J-PARC/MLF················································· 102
Feasibility Demonstration of a New Fermi Chopper with Supermirror-Coated Slitpackage····························· 104
Sample Environment at MLF···························································································································· 106
Magnetic Field Imaging Using Polarized Pulsed Neutrons·············································································· 109
Elemental Analysis of Au-In-Cd Alloy by Using Neutron Resonance Imaging Technique at BL10··················· 112
Pulsed Neutron Imaging on Quenched Iron Rods and Cement Pastes··························································· 115
High-Pressure Activities Using Engineering Materials Diffractometer, TAKUMI ············································· 118
Automatic Sample Changer for iMATERIA······································································································· 121
Development of Neutron Detectors and Optical Devices················································································· 123

Muon Science
Status of Muon Section···································································································································· 126
Fabrication of the To-Be-Installed Rotating Target for Muon Production·························································· 129
Control System for the Rotating Target for Muon Production··········································································· 131
Status of Superconducting Solenoid and On-Line Refrigeration System
for the Decay/Surface Muon Channel··········································································································· 133
DC-separator Performance at D-line················································································································ 135
Muon Kicker System for the Decay Beam Line at J-PARC·············································································· 136
Installation of the Dilution Refrigerator at J-PARC MUSE················································································ 138
Development of a Fly-Past System for the DΩ1 Spectrometer········································································ 139
Status of Superomega for the U Beamline of MUSE······················································································· 141

Facility Report
Beam Operation Status at MLF························································································································ 144
Users at MLF···················································································································································· 144
MLF Division Staff 2010··································································································································· 149
Committee and Meetings································································································································· 151
Workshop························································································································································· 158
Award List························································································································································ 162

Publicication List
Neutron Section··············································································································································· 164
Supplement to 2006-2009································································································································ 167
Muon Section··················································································································································· 169

MLF Division in J-PARC Center
Accelerator Division
Accelerator Section 1
Accelerator Section 2
Accelerator Section 3

Director,
J-PARC Center

Accelerator Section 4
Accelerator Section 5
Accelerator Section 6
Deputy Director,
J-PARC Center

Materials andLife Science Division
Neutron Source Section
Neutron Science Section
Neutron Instrumentation Section
Muon Science Section

Deputy Director,
J-PARC Center

Particle and Nuclear
Physics Division
Transmutation Section
Cryogenics Section

Safety Division
Radiation Safety Section
Health and General Safety Section

Management Supporting Section
Information System Section
Public Relations Section
Administration Division
General Affairs Section
Users Affairs Section
User Office Team
Utilization Promotion TeamInternational Relations TeamTopics

Status of Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility (MLF)

1. Introduction
In the fiscal year (FY) of 2010, 3 GeV, 120 kW
proton beams were continuously supplied to theneutron and muon production target although a few
troubles occurred at the cryogenic hydrogen loop
in the neutron moderator system. After November,the beam power was increased up to 200 kW, operating continuously until the earthquake struck. We
estimate that the number of days when the neutronbeam was available was around 120, with morethan 10 days lost due to the earthquake. A beam
operation history from the beginning of the operation is shown in Fig.1.

mosphere, some of the high officials were able toget together with only a few staffs and had to use atorch for a week to inspect the damage in the facility
after the earthquake.
J-PARC is located near the shore of the Pacific
Ocean, the ground is sandy and has a deep gravel
layer. Hence, the main buildings have been underpinned by piling to the bed rock; however, the peripheral buildings have not been piled. Because ofthat, the damages to the main buildings were not as
serious as those to the peripheral buildings. Subsidence areas were observed at the margins of thebuildings. For instance, the subsidences, which occured at the Linac entrance, the 3-GeV synchrotron
power supply yard, and the southeast part of the
MLF building are shown in Fig.2 to 4, respectively.

Figure 1. Chronograph of the beam operation.

2. The Earthquake on March 11
When the earthquake occurred, the leaders of
MLF were in the JAEA Tokyo office, attending ameeting of the J-PARC/MLF Advisory Board. Rightafter the incident, the MLF staff in Tokyo and in Tokai could not contact each other by any means. Alllines, telephone, mobile and internet, were cut for
about two hours. Finally, the staff in Tokyo managed
to establish a short communication with the staff in
Tokai through a hard-wire telephone and they reported that all of the staff and users were safe, butthere was some damage to the instruments andsubsidence at the surrounding facility-buildings.
Since all traffic and lifelines were cut off and the
Fukushima reactor emitted radioactivity in the at-2

Topics of MLF 2010

Figure 2. Subsidence at the Linac entrance.

Figure 3. Subsidence at the 3-GeV power supply yard.

Figure 4. Subsidence at the southeast part of the MLF building.

Figure 5. The peripheral building sank at more than 20 cm
and the beam line was bent.

These subsidence areas cut off lifelines by damaging the electricity and water lines connecting to
the buildings. The peripheral building of the MLF
building sank at more than 20 cm, which bent thebeam lines that go through the peripheral building
as shown in Fig. 5.
However, most of the beam lines within the MLF
building did not show serious damage except for thelong instruments going through the annex buildings,
although some shielding needs restoration and fixing.
We have initiated the restoration of the surrounding roads, accelerator tunnels, peripheral facilities
shielding and instruments in the facility. We started
to work on the re-construction, with the goal to restart the proton beam operation in December 2011
with a limited beam power.

3. Registered Institution for Facility Use Promotion
In 2009, the “Law for the Promotion of Public Utilization of the Specific Advanced Large Research
Facilities” was amended and applied to the neutron
experimental facility in J-PARC. Under this law, abudget for promoting neutron research including
the portion of the proton beam operation cost has
been supplied since 2009 and the Comprehensive
Research Organization for Science and Society(CROSS) has been selected as a Registered Institution for Facility Use Promotion in March, 2011.
The CROSS will start operation in JFY 2011 and theuser program in MLF will be managed with the collaboration of the CROSS from the second proposalround in 2011.

H. Seto1, and T. Kato2
1
Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 2Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Topics of MLF 20103

Development for High Power Target System

Development of the Target System
High power proton beam bombard-ment into
mercury target produces not only high intense neutron beam but also pressure waves in the mercury
target. The pressure waves cause pitting-erosion
damage to the mercury target vessel. This damage
shortens significantly the lifetime of the target vessel.
To mitigate the pressure waves and the pittingerosion damage, microbubbles will be injected into
the mercury. The microbubbles play the role ofcushion for the thermal expansion of mercury, whichcauses the pressure waves.
Microbubble Injection into Mercury Target
Pressure wave experiment
To inject the microbubbles into the mercury, abubble generator (bubbler) will be installed in the
mercury target vessel. Figure 1 shows a schematicof swirl bubbler which will be installed into the next
mercury target vessel.

In order to investigate the effects of microbubbles on pressure wave mitigation by bubbles, water
experiment was performed by using the swirl bubbler [1]. Intense pressure waves with a rise time ofabout 1.5 ms were produced by a spark discharge inwater, and gas microbubbles were injected by using
the swirl bubbler. A dependency of the radius andvoid fraction of the microbubbles on the mitigationof pressure waves was systematically examined bymeasuring the wall vibration by an accelerometer.
Figure 2 shows the time history of the acceleration on the channel wall. The peak radius of dispersed bubble is 50 mm. We found that the amplitude of wall vibration induced by the spark-inducedpressure wave was dramatically decreased with increase in void fraction. This trend was identified withthe evaluation, which we have done numerically sofar.

Gas supplying nozzle
Gas injection nozzle
DDe

Hg flow,
Vin (m/s)

Swirler

Figure 2. Time history of the acceleration on a channel wall.

VenturiθfFigure 1. Schematic of swirl bubbler.

4

Topics of MLF 2010

Fabrication of a bubble generator for the next target
vesselThe installation of bubbler in the mercury target
will increase the flow resistance in mercury. The flow
resistance should be less than 0.2 MPa because of
the Hg pump ability. Flow resistance is affected by
the shape of the bubbler.
Estimation methods determining the bubble size

Estimated bubble radius, Rb (um)and flow resistance were developed on the basis ofexperimental results such as taking into account theshape of the bubbler, the vane angle of the swirler, qf, ratio of the inlet area to the Venturi area, A/
Ae, and inlet area, A. Figure 3 shows the estimatedbubble size as a function of the vane angle. In Fig.3,
the bubble size was estimated under the condition
that the flow resistance became 0.2 MPa by varying A/Ae. The bubbler with small vane angle andlarge A/Ae (narrow Venturi) is effective when making
small bubbles with low flow resistance. On the other
hand, the bubbler with a large vane angle makes astrong swirl and reduces the pressure at the gas injection nozzle shown in Fig.1. That is, gas pressure
to supply into the bubbler can be low, which resultsin stable operation.
Another problem was the swirl flow downstreamof the bubbler, which gathers microbubbles in acenter of the flow channel and induces bubble
coalescence. This was solved by arranging a few
bubblers in the cross section of the channel whoseswirl direction became alternate. This arrangement
weakens the swirl by interference in each swirl. The
alternate-layout multi-bubbler was fabricated bytaking into account the bubble size, flow resistance,
required gas pressure supplied into the bubbler,
setting position in the mercury target and fabricability as show in Fig.3 and it will be installed in the next
target vessel.
In order to maximize the effect of pressure wave
mitigation, bubbles of less than 100 mm in radius
must be properly distributed in the peak heat loadarea, where is the source of strong pressure waves,with the volumetric fraction of more than 10−5.

100
80
60
40
20
0
50

55
60
Vane angle (deg.)

65

Figure 3. E stimated bubble radius under the condition thatflow resistance become 0.2 MPa.

50 mm
Figure 4. Fabricated alternate-layout multi-bubbler.

Development of a Beam Flattening System
It is well known that the damage at the mercury
target vessel is proportional to the 4th power of thepeak density of the beam (called P4 law). As thebeam power increases, the damage on the target
vessel becomes serious. In the MLF building, thetemporary storage yard for the spent target and theproton beam windows with high radio-activities is
not enough to store them throughout the MLF service-time. In order to extend the lifetime of the target, the beam peak intensity is required to be kept
as lower as possible.
The beam expansion, by tuning of the quadrupole magnets at the beam transport, is very effective and simple way for reduction of the peakdensity. As beam size widens, on the contrary, theheat becomes higher at the target vicinities such as
shield and refractors, where the allowable density of
the heat deposition is less than 1 W/cc.
The peak density depends on the initial conditionof the beam extracted at the 3-GeV Rapid Cycling
Synchrotron (RCS). From the result of the simulation for the RCS, the distribution of the beam in thephase space becomes likely the Gaussian shape.
To reduce the peak intensity, we developed thebeam flattering technique to reduce the damage inthe target. By using the non-linear magnet, the distribution in the phase space is distorted. In Fig.5,
one of the candidates of the octupole magnet isshown. Figure 6 shows a typical result of the beamsimulation. It is shown that the peak tuned by theflattering system becomes 30% smaller than theGaussian case. It is found the beam flattening system is feasible. In JFY 2011, the octupole magnet
will be fabricated.

Topics of MLF 20105

Intensity (arbitrary unit)

50000
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
-20
Figure 5. S chematic of octupole magnet for the beam flattening system.

Reference[1]	T. Naoe, H. Kogawa, M. Futakawa and M. Ida,
J. Nucl Sci. Technol. 48, 865 (2011).

H. Kogawa, T.Naoe, and S. Meigo
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

6

Topics of MLF 2010

Gauss( h 37mm)
with OCTUPOLE

-10

0
10
Horizontal (cm)20

Figure 6. C omparison of the beam profile with and without
flattening system.

Development of a Large Area Scintillator Detector for “SENJU”

Detector headarea to 256 × 256 mm2. The detector exhibited detecting efficiency of 40% for thermal neutrons. The
gamma sensitivity was decreased to 3 × 10−6 byimplementing the dedicated signal processing software into the encoder. Moreover, special care wastaken of the magnetic shielding of the photomultipliers, ensuring the count rate stability under a strayfield of 200 gauss. Figure 1 shows two-dimensional
data of neutron diffraction from a single crystal tin
sample measured in the BL10 (ToF = 10.0 ~ 10.1
ms). The detailed data analysis revealed the feasibility of the detector system.

[112]
[012]
[103]
pixel

A two-dimensional scintillator neutron detector
module that has a large detective area was developed for “SENJU” instrument successfully [1,2]. 31
detector modules were delivered to the beam lineby the end of Fiscal Year 2011 (JFY 2011).
SENJU is a time-of-flight Laue single crystal diffractometer designed for research of materials exposed to extreme external conditions such as low
temperature, high magnetic field, and high pressure.
The instrument requires a detector system that covers solid angle over 4sr around the sample while
maintaining a high spatial resolution, high detector
efficiency, and low gamma sensitivity. Since the requested detector specifications were quite unique, it
was a challenge to deliver the components on time;
all the detector modules had to be completed anddelivered to the beam line within this fiscal year including the detector’s R&D.
To fulfill the requirements, we developed the detector based on the scintillator/ wavelength shifting(WLS) fiber technology. Photo 1 shows the prototype detector system. The detector system accommodated the large detector head while the electronics hardware, encoder and DAQ, were similar
to those used in the iBIX in order to maintain thesystem integrity.

[013]
[001]
[103]
[013]

[102]
pixel

㻌

Figure 1. Two-dimensional data of the neutron diffraction
from a single crystal tin sample measured with the
SENJU detector module.

Signal processing& Encoder electronics

DAQ
electronics

Photo 1. A detector module for SENJU.

In the detector head the WLS fibers were placedwith a pitch of 4 mm to expand the neutron-sensitive

Photo 2. Detector modules installed in the north bank of
SENJU (Before the earthquake).

Topics of MLF 2010

7

The detector was also designed as compact as
possible, with a size of 300 × 300 × 300 mm andweight of 15 kg. This added flexibility to the instrument design as well as a significant positive impact
on reducing the instrument cost. It helped the concept of movable detector bank, which was one of
the unique features of the SENJU (Photo 2).

References[1]	T. Nakamura et al., to be submitted to Nucl. Instr. & Meth. A.
[2]	T. Nakamura et al., presented at 2011 IEEE
Nuclear Science symposium and medical imaging conference, 23-29 October 2011, Valencia, Spain.

T. Nakamura1, T. Kawasaki1, K. Sakasai1, K. Toh1, H. Yamagishi1, K. Soyama1, T. Hosoya2, and M. Katagiri2
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, 2Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University

8

Topics of MLF 2010

Neutron Beam Focusing for Pulsed Neutrons with Supermirror
Coated on Precisely Figured Surfaces

1. Introduction
Though the neutron source power is being drastically improved at MLF, J-PARC, high-performance
focusing techniques are indispensable for small
samples, micron-area measurements, grazing incidence small angle scattering, and so on. As for thefocusing devices at spallation neutron sources, theachromatic optics is particularly important because
most experiments are performed with wideband
beams. Reflective focusing is therefore a prominent
candidate for that purpose.
We have been developing focusing mirrors by
combining a supermirror coating technique with ionbeam sputtering [1] and a precise aspheric surface
figuring method with the numerically controlled local
wet etching process [2]. In the past we fabricated a
one-dimensional elliptic focusing supermirror of 90
mm (L) × 40 mm (H) and successfully focused wideband neutrons achieving beam width of 0.25 mm
and peak intensity gain of 6 [3,4].
In this report, the performance tests of a largersize one-dimensional (1-D) elliptic focusing mirror
are described. The mirror is an m=4 NiC/Ti supermirror for 1:1 beam focusing. (i.e. initial beam width= focused width). It is of 1-D elliptic shape, 400 mm
in length, with a focal length of 2100 mm. The detailed parameters and the photo of the fabricatedmirror are shown in Table.1 and Fig.1, respectively.

Figure 1. Focusing supermirror.

2. Figure Measurement
The figure errors and surface roughnesses ofthe mirror were measured before the beam experiment. The figure errors before and after the supermirror deposition were 1.33 mm (p-v) and 3 mm(p-v), respectively. The surface roughnesses were0.15 nm (rms) and 0.20 nm (rms) before and after
the deposition. The results show that the mirror has
an excellent elliptic surface and that the supermirror
deposition hardly degrades it.
3. Focusing Experiment
The focusing experiment was carried out at BL10(NOBORU) of MLF. Figure 2 shows the beamline
built on the experimental bench of BL10.

Table 1. Design parameters of the focusing supermirror.

Ellipsoida=1050, b=25.65

st

1 focus-mirror center
nd1050 mm

Mirror center-2 focus

1050 mm

Mirror length

400 mmMirror substrate

QuartzMirror coating

NiC/Ti (m=4)

Incident angle

1.40 deg

Wavelength

3.5 Å ~

Acceptable beam divergence ~ 0.53 deg

Figure 2. Beam line setup at BL10.

A manual beam slit narrows the incident neutron
beam at the first focal point of the ellipsoid. The focusing mirror, installed at the 1050 mm point after
the slit, reflects the diverging neutron beam and fo-

Topics of MLF 20109

cuses it on the second focal point, 1050 mm after
the mirror. The neutrons are detected at the second
focal point. Additionally, we installed a flat supermirror just after the manual slit in order to kick the beamout of the high-energy direct beam area and reducethe background.
We took two-dimensional (2-D) images of the
focused and unfocused beam with a same imaging plate placed at the second focal point. The slit’s
width (the initial spot size) was 0.10 mm. The 2-D
images are shown in Fig.3 and horizontal cutoutsof these images are shown in Fig.4. The intensities
are expressed in units of PSL (photo-simulated luminescence). The focused peak was 0.20 mm in full
width at half maximum (FWHM). The mismatch between the initial beam width of 0.10 mm and the focused width is attributed to the position alignment of
the focusing mirror, particularly to the tilted setting.
(Another experiment at the research reactor JRR-3
has demonstrated that the mirror can achieve 0.15
mm by adjusting the mirror settings.) The peak intensity gain was 52 compared with the unfocused
beam. The signal to noise ratio of the focused peak
was more than 2 orders of magnitude and no significant growths of backgrounds were observed byinserting the focusing mirror.
Figure 5 compares wavelength-distribution profiles of the focused and unfocused beams obtainedby time-of-flight measurements. The rising edgeof the focused beam profile at 3.5 Å corresponds
to the critical reflection angle of the coated mirror
Qc=0.088 Å−1 (m=4) because the incident angle tothe focusing mirror was 1.40 deg.

Figure 4. Horizontal cutout of the 2-D images of the focusedand defocused beams at the vertical center: the upper panel is drawn on the linear scale while the lower
panel is on the log scale.

Figure 5. Wavelength distributions of the focused and unfocused beams. It should be noted that comparing
the y-values of the two profiles in the figure is nonsense because the y-values of the unfocused beam
are just the intensities of a portion of the unfocused
beam multiplied by an arbitrary constant.

Figure 3. 2-D images of the focused beam (left) and unfocused beam (right). The intensities are shown on
the log scale.

10

Topics of MLF 2010

4. Summary
We have successfully fabricated a 400mmlength, one-dimensional elliptic focusing supermirror with exceptionally low figure errors and small

roughnesses. The focusing experiment showed afocused wideband neutron beam (l > 3.5 Å) into
0.15~ 0.20 mm in width with large peak gain (52),with high S/N ratio and without significant growth of
the back-ground. In the next phase we will try twodimensional focusing by using two focusing mirrors
in the Kirkpatric-Baez configuration. We are also
developing stacked thin focusing mirrors for wider
beam acceptance.

References[1]	R. Maruyama, D. Yamazaki, T. Ebisawa, K.
Soyama, J. Appl. Phys. 105, 083527 (2009),
and references therein.
[2]	K. Yamamura, Annals of the CIRP 56/1, 541(2007).
[3]	K. Yamamura, M. Nagano, H. Takai, N. Zettsu,
D. Yamazaki, R. Maruyama, K. Soyama, S.
Shimada, Opt Express 17, 6414-6420 (2009).
[4]	D. Yamazaki, R. Maruyama, K. Soyama, M.
Nagano, F. Yamaga, K. Yamamura., J. Phys:
Conf. Series 251, 012076 (2010).

D. Yamazaki1, R. Maruyama1, H. Hayashida1, K. Soyama1, M. Nagano2, F. Yamaga2, and K. Yamamura2
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Research Center for Ultra-precision Science and Technology, Osaka University

Topics of MLF 201011

Strong s±-like Spin Resonance in the Nodal
Fe-Based Superconductor BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2

1. Introduction
The mechanism of high-transition temperature(high-Tc) superconductivity is one of the important
problems in condensed-matter physics. The recent discovery of iron-based superconductors has
renewed our interest in the relationship between
unconventional superconductivity and magnetism.
One of the consequences of the magnetism-mediated superconductivity is the momentum dependent superconducting (SC) order parameter, andits identification is of crucial importance to elucidate
the pairing mechanism of high-Tc. As a typical example, cuprate high-Tc superconductors possessd-wave symmetry, and display line nodes due to thesign change of the order parameter which is characteristic to unconventional superconductors.
In the case of iron-based superconductors,
whether line nodes exist or not depends on eachmaterial system. In the early stage of the researches, it was proposed theoretically that the superconducting gap changes its sign between disconnected
pieces of the Fermi surface due to the repulsive
nature of the pairing interaction mediated by spin
fluctuations. This pairing state, now often called s±pairing, has been verified by several subsequent
experimental studies. According to the systematicstudies of the iron-based superconductors, in mostof the superconductors with relatively high-Tc suchas SmFeAs(O,F) (Tc=45 K), (Ba,K)Fe2As2 (Tc=38
K), PrFeAsO1−y (Tc= 35 K) and LiFeAs (Tc= 16 K),
fully-gapped s-wave symmetry is confirmed. On theother hand, line node symmetry has been observedin lower-Tc counterparts, such as LaFePO1−y (Tc=
7 K) and KFe2As2 (Tc= 3 K). Therefore, iron-based
superconductors are intriguing systems which allow us to investigate the relationship between nodal
symmetry and Tc. However, this experimental tendency that the nodal symmetry is unfavorable forhigh-Tc turns out to be non-universal, since recent
penetration depth, thermal conductivity and nuclear
magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation rate mea-

12

Topics of MLF 2010

surements on the BaFe2(As,P)2 superconductor
have demonstrated that this material possesses
line nodes in the order parameter, in spite of its relatively high-Tc of 30 K. Consequently, studying of thismaterial will provide more important information tounderstand the effect of nodal symmetry on Tc. The
urgent question to be answered here is whether the
relevant SC order parameter of BaFe2(As,P)2 is essentially the same or distinct from other relatively
high-Tc colleagues, and what causes the relatively
high-Tc of this material.
A possible approach to answer the above question is to observe the magnetic resonance by neutron scattering, which has proved to be a powerful tool for detecting the sign reversal symmetry of
the gap in unconventional superconductors. In thisstudy, we have performed inelastic neutron scattering to characterize the magnetic excitation and the
SC gap symmetry of BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2 on a ~ 36 g
powder sample with Tc=30 K.
2. Experimental results
Figure 1(a) and (b) shows two-dimensional plots of dynamical structure factor S(Q, E) of
BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2 measured by The Fermi chopper
spectrometer (4SEASONS) in J-PARC with incident
energy of 45.5 meV at 5 and 32 K, respectively. The
most apparent feature is a bright spot centering
around Q ~1.2 Å−1 and E ~10-15 meV, which becomes more pronounced in the SC states. Scattering vector of Q ~1.2 Å−1 roughly corresponds to 1.13
Å−1 at Q = (1/2 1/2 0). It is therefore likely that theobserved peak corresponds to the spin excitation at
the antiferromagnetic wave vector QAF = (1/2 1/2).
This feature shows similar characteristics to thoseof the spin resonance mode observed in other ironbased high-Tc superconductors [1,2].
Temperature dependence of the magnetic excitation at QAF has been precisely measured by using
triple axis spectrometer (TAS-1) at JRR-3. On cooling, the peak intensity rises up at T=5 K, confirming

Energy (meV)25(a) 5 K

6.4(b) 32 K

5.6

20

4.8
4.0

15

3.2
2.4
1.6

10

0.8

5
1.0

0.5

100

S(Q,E) (B2Å/eV/Fe)

90
80

1.5

Q (Å-1)

(c)

2.0

2.5

16 meV 32 K

70
60
50

1.0

Q (Å-1)15 meV 30

14 meV

14 meV

13 meV

13 meV

9 meV

25

12 meV

12 meV

11 meV

11 meV 1530

10 meV

10 meV

6 meV

20

9 meV

9 meV

1.0

1.4

Q (Å-1)

1.8 0.6

1.0

1.4

Q (Å-1)

1.8

9 meV

8 meV
7 meV

7 meV

0.6

32 K

8 meV

20

40

0.0

2.5

(f)

16 meV 35 5 K

15 meV

2.0

1.5

40 (e)

(d)

5K

0.5

6 meV

10

5 meV

5 meV

0.5

1.0

1.5

Q (Å-1)

0.5

1.0

1.5

Q (Å-1)

2.0

Figure 1. Dynamical structure factor S(Q,E) of BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2 measured with Ei= 45.5 meV at (a) 5 K (below Tc) and (b) 32
K (above Tc). (c) and (d) show constant energy cuts of S(Q, E) at 5 K and 32K, respectively, measured with Ei = 45.5
meV. (e) and (f) are those measured with Ei = 21.6 meV. Solid lines are the results of fits to a Gaussian function on asloped background. The offset values of (c), (d) are 6, 12, 30, 40, 51, and 64 for 10-16meV, and 5, 10, 15, and 20 for
6-9meV of cuts (e), (f) for the clarity.

that the enhancement of the magnetic excitation at
QAF and E=12 meV is indeed the resonance which isa signature of the sign inversion in the SC order parameter. The resonance peak energy corresponds
to Eres ~ 4.6kBTc, which agrees well with that of otherrelatively high-Tc iron-based superconductors [1, 2].
Figure 2 shows the E-dependences of the dynamical spin susceptibility c "(E), which is calculated by integrating the fitted results of Figs. 1 (c)-(f)over Q. At 32 K (> Tc), c "(E) is finite for the entire
E-range and exhibits gradual increase with E up to
E=14 meV. The absolute value of c"(E) is comparable with that of normal state of superconducting
sample of LaFeAs(O,F) [2]. On the other hand, c"(E) spectrum at 5 K (< Tc) shows a gap below 6
meV and a peak centered at Eres = 12 meV. The
resonance enhancement is of factor 1.7 at Eres = 12
meV. which is similar to those seen in Ba(Fe,Co)2As2
and LaFeAs(O,F) [1, 2].
All these experimental results indicate that
BaFe2(As,P)2 has similar characteristics to ironbased superconductors with fully-gapped s±- wave.
The spin resonance in the neutron spectrum iscaused via BCS coherence factor:

Figure 2. Temperature dependence of magnetic excitation
peak height observed at Q = 1.2 Å−1 and E = 12
meV. Circles and diamonds represent data measured by TAS-1 and 4SEASONS, respectively.
The solid line is a guide to the eye.

∆ k ∆ k + q 
1  ε k ε k + q + ∆ k ∆ k + q  1 
≈ 1−
1−



2
Ek + Ek +q∆ k ∆ k + q 
 2
2

2

where E k = ε k + ∆ k is quasi-particle dispersion
relation and Dk is band energy measured relative toFermi energy. The c"(QAF, E) in SC state is modified
by this coherence factor. In s±-wave case, signs of
the order parameter are reversed (Δk = −Δk+QAF) on
different FSs, and the coherence factor becomesalmost 1, resulting in spin resonance. Conversely,

Topics of MLF 201013

when the signs of order parameter are the same,the coherence factor becomes zero, then c"(QAF, E)
is suppressed. On the other hand, the nodal orderparameter revealed in BaFe2(As,P)2 by other techniques results in the existence of region where thesign of order parameter is reversed on a single FS.
Such a region should decrease the resonance enhancement. The observed enhancement ratio of
1.7 is comparable to that in other iron-based systems without nodes (~2). This suggests that similar
amounts of sign reversed process to the case ofs±-wave occurs between G and M FSs in the present compound. This situation may be the possible

reason why BaFe2(As,P)2 can hold the comparable
Tc (= 30 K) to those of the iron-based high-Tc superconductors without nodes despite the existence of
nodal symmetry [3].
References[1]	M. D. Lumsden et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102,
107005 (2009).
[2]	S. Wakimoto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79,
074715 (2010).
[3]	M. Ishikado, Y. Nagai, K. Kodama et al., Phys.
Rev. B 84, 144517 (2011).

M. Ishikado1, 2, 3, K. Kodama1, 3, R. Kajimoto4, 3, M. Nakamura4, Y. Inamura4, S. Wakimoto1, 3, A. Iyo2, 3, H. Eisaki2, 3,
M. Arai4, 3, and S. Shamoto1, 3
1Quantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA); 2Photonics and Electronics Research Institute, National Instituteof Advanced Industrial Science and Technology; 3JST, TRIP; 4J-PARC Center, JAEA

14

Topics of MLF 2010

High Pressure Neutron Diffraction Measurements of LaD2
Using NOVA

1. Introduction
Properties of metal hydrides have been investigated focusing on the hydrogen-metal and hydrogen-hydrogen interactions under high pressure.
Hydrogen atoms which are located in the interstitialsites play an essential role in structural and electronic properties of metal hydrides. We have investigated rare-earth metal hydrides as typical examples. Rare-earth metals form various hydrogenconcentration states, RHx, starting from a solid statesolution and ending with trihydride RH3 through dihydride RH2. Many RH2 commonly has an fcc metallattice, in which the two tetrahedral sites are almost
fully occupied by hydrogen atoms while one octahedral site remains empty. In this study, we investigated high-pressure transformation of LaD2.
Recently, we found the cubic to tetragonal structural transition and a successive phase separation
into two different molar volumes phases at highpressure using synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction experiments [1]. Observed phase separation of
LaH2 suggests that the interstitial hydrogen atoms
are transferred from T-sites and the dihydride forms
domains of the hydrogen-poor hydrogen-rich phases spontaneously by pressurization. To understandthe origin of the above structural transformations,the information on the interstitial hydrogen atoms
is indispensable. Hence, we attempt to determine
the hydrogen concentration and occupation sitesof phase separation products at high pressures.
The pressure for the phase separation is ~11 GPa,
which is too high to be easily examined. So, first wedeveloped the high-pressure device for neutron diffraction [2] and then applied it to the high-intensity
total diffractometer, NOVA.
2. Development of High Pressure Device
Neutron diffraction experiments at high pressure
have already been performed in foreign neutron facilities but those have not been so popular in Japan.
This is because the neutron flux of Japanese neu-tron facilities was not enough for high pressure experiments. J-PARC enables us to perform the highpressure experiments. Among several spectrometers in MLF/J-PARC, NOVA is one of the beamlines
suitable for the high pressure neutron experiments
for its high detection efficiency.
We selected a Paris-Edinburgh (PE) press (VX4,max. load 200 ton) with toroidal anvils as the highpressure device among several kinds of large volume presses. It is because the PE press can generate pressures of more than 10 GPa with maintaining
relatively large sample volume (88 mm3 for the 10
GPa-range use and 40 mm3 for the 20 GPa-rangeuse) and it is compact enough to be installed in thevacuum chamber of NOVA. The PE presses havebeen already used in many neutron facilities andmany productive results have been obtained.

Figure 1. PE press with the incident and receiving collimators.

In order to install the PE press in the vacuum
chamber of NOVA, the press and the adjustment
stages are hung from the flange. The neutron beam
impinges into the sample from the breech of PEpress and the scattered neutrons are detected with
the 90 degree bank detectors. The incident beamis truncated into an appropriate size using the in-Topics of MLF 201015

3. High Pressure Neutron Diffraction
Powder sample of LaD2 was encapsulated together with a pressure transmitting medium (deuterated methanol-ethanol 4:1 mixture) in a metal gasket made of a TiZr null alloy, and was pressurized
between the opposing double-toroidal anvils madeof WC or sintered diamonds. The sample pressures
were estimated from the pressure-volume relation
obtained by the x-ray diffraction measurement beforehand.
Figure 2 shows the selected neutron diffraction
patterns of LaD2 under high pressure. At low pressure (2.7 GPa), Bragg reflections except those fromdiamond (vertical bars at the bottom) were well indexed with the cubic structure (Fm-3m, Z=4). With
increase of pressure, each reflection peak of LaD2
was shifted to a small d-value. Above 11 GPa, several new reflection peaks (indicated by arrows) appeared. This pressure value agrees with the phaseseparation pressure determined by the x-ray diffraction experiments. The intensity of the newly appeared peak increased when the pressure was increased from 11.5 GPa to 13.0 GPa while that of theoriginal reflections was weakened. These featuresconfirmed the occurrence of the phase separation.
4. High Pressure Formation of New Hydrogen
Concentration State
When we compare the patterns of the hydrogen-16

Topics of MLF 2010

220

LaD 2
NPD

111

311

331
400

422

P~2.7 GPa

531
440

Normalized Intensity

cident collimator made of hexagonal BN to reducethe background. The guide tube made of B4C resinis also attached over the incident collimator to avoid
the contamination of the air scattering. The receiving collimators made of B4C rubber is attached to theboth sides of the press to reduce the backgroundfrom the sample surrounding materials (see Fig.
1). Using these assemblies, we succeeded in getting the neutron diffraction patterns with a relatively
low background (see Fig. 2). The typical measuring
time was 12 hours for measurements below 10 GPa
at 100 kW accelerator power, and 12+a hours formeasurements above 10 GPa at 200 kW accelerator power Furthermore, we succeeded in measuring
the diffraction patterns up to 17 GPa, which is highest pressure in domestic neutron diffraction experiments.

P~11.5 GPa

P~13.0 GPa
diamond

0.5

1.0

1.5
2.0
2.5
d-spacing (Å)

3.0

3.5

Figure 2. Selected neutron diffraction patterns of LaD2 athigh pressures. Each profile is shifted for better
visualization, and the base line for each pattern isshown by the stick marks on vertical axes. Background is not subtracted, showing the backgroundis low even for high pressure diffraction.

poor phase between neutron and x-ray diffraction,marked difference was observed in their intensity.
The intensity of the Bragg peaks with the odd-number indices in neutron diffraction pattern is much
weaker than those in x-ray diffraction. The simulation of the diffraction profile indicates the formationof a NaCl-type phase, namely the O-sites in La fcc
lattice are fully occupied by the deuterium atoms
while the T-sites are empty. For the first time, theformation of the NaCl-type monohydride in the rareearth metal hydrides is confirmed by this study[3].
The present result indicates that rare-earth metals
can exhibit series of stoichiometric hydrides, suchas mono-, di-, and tri-hydride. Our discovery of rareearth metal monohydride will open the way to clarify
the site-dependent nature of hydrogen-metal interactions through comparison studies among mono-,
di-, and tri-hydride.
This work has been partially supported by the
New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) under Advanced Fundamental Research on Hydrogen Storage Materials(Hydro-Star).

References[1]	A. Machida, T. Watanuki, D. Kawana, and K.
Aoki, Phys. Rev. B 83, (2011) 054103.
[2]	T Hattori, Y Katayama, A Machida, T Otomo

and K Suzuya, J. Phys.: Conference Series
215, 012024 (2010).
[3]	A. Machida et al., submitted.

A. Machida1, M. Honda1, T. Hattori1,2, A. Sano-Furukawa1,2, Y. Katayama1, K. Aoki1, K. Komatsu3, H. Arima3,
H. Ohshita4, and T. Otomo4
1
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2J-PARC Center, JAEA; 3Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo; 4Institute of Materials
Structure Science, KEK

Topics of MLF 201017

Crystal Structure Change of Cathode for Li Ion Battery During Charge ofCoin Type Cell Observed by Ex-Situ Time-of-Flight Neutron Diffraction

1. Introduction
Many lithium-intercalated transition metal oxides
have been studied as cathode materials in high energy density rechargeable Li ion batteries. In our
research, we have focused on the Li(Ni,Co)O2 system in which Co is substituted for Ni in LiNiO2. We
synthesized a material in which a portion of the (Ni,Co) is replaced by low-valence Cu with the aim of
reducing the Ni2+ content to reduce cation mixing
and thereby enhance the battery characteristics.
Crystal structure analysis has mainly been performed on the powder form that has not been subjected to charge - discharge cycling, but to determine the battery characteristics it is essential to determine the changes in the crystal structure during
the cycle. However, as the electrodes in coin typecells contain relatively small amounts of active material, it has not been possible to perform structure
analysis by neutron diffraction of samples subjected
to charge - discharge.
In the present study, we performed new ex-situ
measurements of the change in the crystal structureof a cathode containing the composite material ina coin type cell subjected to a charge - discharge
cycle fabricated for this purpose.
2. Experimental
Li(Ni,Co,Cu)O2 was synthesized through thesolid-state method. In the synthetic process, the final sintering was carried out at 800°C in air for 15
h. The obtained samples were identified by powder
XRD. Compositional analysis of the metal content
of the sample was performed using an ICP. The cellused for the charge - discharge experiments was acoin type cell(Figure 1). The cathode was preparedby mixing Li(Ni,Co,Cu)O2 powder, acetylene blackand PVdF at a weight ratio of 85:10:5. This mixture
was then dispersed in N-methylpyrrolidone to forma slurry and applied to an Al foil (circular diameter: 1
cm). The electrolyte was 1mol L−1 LiPF6 in EC:DMC(vol. 1:2) solution. The cathode after charging was

18

Topics of MLF 2010

obtained in the second cycle at 30% Li separation(SOC 30%) after one charge - discharge cycle. The
crystal structure was determined by time-of-flightneutron diffraction using iMATERIA(BL20, J-PARC)(Figure 2). The active material content of the cathode prior to charging and after charging was only
ca. 8.5 mg and the measurement time was 188 min
and 383 min, respectively. Rietveld refinements
were performed with these data using Z-Rietveld(ver.0.9.34).

HS coin type cell

Cathode (φ 1 cm)

Figure 1. Coin type cell and cathode (φ 1cm).

Figure 2. IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer, iMATERIA without detector for each bank and instrument
shielding.

3. Results and Discussion
The XRD patterns of obtained samples showedthat all peaks were assignable to an octahedral
crystal (space group R-3m), indicating that the powder consists of a single phase. The analytical metal

Normalized Intensity

composition was analyzed by ICP and it was close
to the nominal composition. The large irreversible
capacity evident is attributable to the formation of asolid electrolyte interface layer in the first cycle. The
sample after charging was the second-cycle (SOC30%) sample.
When investigating the crystal structure of thepowder sample and the electrode before and after
charging, analysis was performed for a hexagonal
crystal (space group: R-3m). The metal component
occupancies were analyzed by employing the Li andNi occupancy ratio as the variable for determining
the cation mixing amount and by using the composition determined by ICP as a reference. The second
phase could not be observed by X-ray diffraction;
however, because the Li2CO3 peak was observablein neutron diffraction, it was taken to be the second
phase. For all the samples, there was close agreement between the measured and calculated values.
Figure 3 shows the profile fitting results for thecathode of the coin type cell after charging. These
results show close agreement between the cathodeprior to charging and the powder, despite the cathode active material content being approximately
1/100 from that of the powder. This demonstrates
that it is possible to evaluate the 8.5 mg of active
material in the cathode (containing the binder) by
neutron diffraction. The calculated Li content of theactive material is in fair agreement with the analytical Li content by ICP. The results demonstrate that
it is possible to use neutron diffraction to quantitatively determine the lithium content of the active material and the amount of Li/Ni cation mixing in a cointype cell cathode containing a binder and conductive materials after charging. The cathode charging
reduced lattice parameter a and increased lattice
parameter c. The contraction in the a-axis direction
is attributable to Li separation and the elongation in
the c-axis direction to increased repulsion between
oxygen ions. The results also indicate that the second phase Li2CO3 is eliminated by charging and thatthe difference in cation mixing amount in the cath-















d spacing (nm)Figure 3. R ietveld refinement patterns using iMATERIA for
cathode of Li0.613Ni0.8Co0.19Cu0.01O2 (after charging,
Raw-BKG). The vertical marks indicate positionsof allowed Bragg reflections. The curve at the bottom is the difference between the observed andcalculated intensities on the same scale.

ode before and after charging is not large, indicatingthat little or none of the mixed Li separates during
charge and discharge. In the electrode after charging, the bond valence sum of the MO6 octahedron
was higher, which is presumably attributable to anincrease in the valence of the Ni accompanying Li
separation. The increases in the distortion, λ andσ2 [1] of the MO6 octahedron after charging clearlyshow that MO6 octahedral distortion in the cathodeis increased by charging [2].
In summary, the results of this study demonstrate that it is possible to perform ex-situ structural
analysis by time-of-flight neutron diffraction of only
8.5 mg of an active material in a cathode together
with the cathode fabrication materials. It will also
be possible to perform crystal structure analysis ofsuch cathodes during charge – discharge cycle byin situ neutron diffraction.
References[1]	R. Keith, V. G. Gibbs and H. P. Ribbe, Science,
172, 567 (1970).
[2]	Y. Idemoto, Y. Tsukada, N. Kitamura, A. Hoshikawa and T. Ishigaki, Chemistry Letters, 40,
168 (2011).

Y. Idemoto1, N. Kitamura1, and T. Ishigaki2
1
Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Tokyo University of Science; 2Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Science, Ibaraki
University

Topics of MLF 201019

Developments of an In-Situ SEOP Polarized 3He
Neutron Spin Filter System at J-PARC

1. Introduction
Polarized 3He gas functions as a neutron spin
filter (NSF) based on the following 3He characteristics: a 3He atom only absorbs neutrons in the opposite spin state to that of the 3He nucleus while
the scattering cross section is small. We developed
a compact in-situ spin exchange optical pumping(SEOP) [1] NSF system to use as a polarizer forincident beams and performed a neutron beam test.
We also demonstrated a polarized neutron scattering experiment using the NSF system.
2. Design of Optics
Figure 1 shows a schematic drawing of the optics design. The optics are put in a laser shield box
with a size of 55 × 40 × 60 cm3, which is made ofblack anodized aluminium boards for laser safety.
The linear polarized laser beam emitted from the laser diode passes through the half-wave (λ/2) plate
to rotate the direction of polarization. The polarizing
beam splitter (PBS) separates the laser beam into
the p-phase and the s-phase components. Then thep-phase and s-_phase components are sent to an
external cavity and beam transform optics, respectively. The external cavity controls the wavelength to
the Rb D1 resonance line (794.7 nm) and reduces
the bandwidth of the laser to 0.17 nm [2]. The beamtransform optics enlarges the laser beam spot sizeenough to illuminate the entire cell and converts the

Figure 1. Design of the laser optics.

20

Topics of MLF 2010

linearly polarized laser into circularly polarized laser
light using quarter-wave (λ/4) plate.
3. Neutron Beam Test
We performed a neutron beam test at the NOP
beamline of JRR-3. The NOP beamline can provide
a highly polarized neutron beam (P>99%) with awavelength of 0.8nm. Figure 2 shows the time development of the 3He polarization of in-situ SEOPNSF system. The beam test continued for 27 hours.
The 3He polarization was considered to be saturate
at 65.3%. We continue to develop the in-situ SEOPNSF system to obtain higher 3He polarization.

Figure 2. Time dependence of 3He polarization on opticalpumping.

4. Demonstration
We demonstrated a polarized neutron scatteringexperiment at the BL10 beamline of J-PARC. Figure3(a) shows the experimental setup of the experiment. We chose Ni as the sample because of its ferromagnetism. The sample has the cylindrical shapewith 8mm in diameter and 40mm in length and weapplied to it a magnetic field of 3500 G. A neutron
beam monitor, the NSF system and Ni rod sample
were located at 12.6, 13.0 and 14.0 m distance fromthe moderator, respectively. The NSF was used asa polarizer for incident beam polarization. The beam
size was set to 12 × 12 mm2. A neutron spin flipper,

NSF

Spin Fliper

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which could reverse the neutron spin state, was located at the downstream of the NSF. A 3He detector was located 0.8 m far from the sample and at
a scattering angle of 170°. Figure 3(b) shows thediffraction patterns of the Ni. All the observed peaks
can be indexed to the bulk Ni. A significant difference was observed between two diffraction patterns
measured with spin flipper on and off. The difference between the two diffraction patterns seems tobe due to magnetic reflections of the ferromagnetic
Ni. We are analyzing the data in detail.
References[1]	T. G. Walker and W. Happer, Rev. Mod. Phys.
69, 629 (1997).
[2]	Y. Arimoto, T. Ino, H. M. Shimizu et al., PhysicaB, in press.

Figure 3. (a) Experimental setup of the polarized neutron scattering experiment and (b) diffraction patterns of ferromagnetic Ni measured with polarized neutron beam.

H. Kira1, Y. Sakaguchi2, T. Oku3, J. Suzuki3, M. Nakamura3, M. Arai3, K. Kakurai1, Y. Endoh1, Y. Arimoto4, T. Ino4,
L. J. Chang5,6, and T. Kamiyama3,4
1
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society; 3Materials and Life Science
Division, J-PARC Center; 4High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 5Nuclear Science and Technology Development Center, National
Tsing Hua University, Taiwan; 6Department of Physics, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan

Topics of MLF 201021

ANNRI Project Team Wins the 2011 AESJ AwardThe 2011 Technical Development Award of theAtomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ) was presented to the ANNRI project team, which is composed of the researchers of Hokkaido University,
Tokyo Institute of Technology, and Japan Atomic
Energy Agency [1]; the title of the award is “Development of Accurate Neutron- Nucleus Reaction
Measurement Instrument”. This award evaluates
how superior accomplishments have been achievedin large scale technological developments for thepeaceful use of atomic energy. This is the first timethat the researchers have received this honor for
research performed at J-PARC.

obtained the neutron capture cross section of 244Cm
at the resonance energy region in 2010 [2]. This is
the first experiment of its kind in the world, except
the nuclear bomb experiment. It was achieved byusing the world’s strongest pulsed-neutron beam.

Figure 2. Inside of the J-PARC/MLF/ANNRI, where the Ge
spectrometer is shown at the center.

Figure 1. The 2011 Technical Development Award of theAtomic Energy Society of Japan.

ANNRI is the abbreviation of Accurate NeutronNucleus Reaction measurement Instrument. It wasconstructed to supply accurate neutron capture
cross sections of minor actinides and fission products required for developing innovative nuclear systems.
The ANNRI project team has developed a neutron beam line optimized for neutron time-of-flight
experiments, advanced Ge and NaI spectrometers
for detecting prompt g rays, and a measurement
method for neutron capture cross sections. The
team has started the measurements of neutron
capture cross sections since 2009, and successfully

22

Topics of MLF 2010

Those achievements were recognized in theworld. They were presented at the nuclear data conference, ND2010, as a keynote talk and also as aninvited talk.
To commemorate the accomplishment of the
ANNRI, a memorial symposium was held in February 2011 in Tokai. About 60 scientists in the field of
nuclear data, nuclear astrophysics, and trace element analysis got together at the symposium, anddiscussed the possible future use of the ANNRI. The
ANNRI will be open for researchers in these fields
under the MLF user program from February 2012 [3].
References[1]	http://www.aesj.or.jp/awards/H22gakkaisyo.
pdf.
[2]	S. Goko, A. Kimura, H. Harada, et al., J. Nucl.
Sci. Technol. 47, 1097 (2010).
[3] http://j-parc.jp/MatLife/en/applying/koubo.html.

Figure 3. A photograph of scientists, who attended the memorial symposium, on the ANNRI.

H. Harada1, A. Kimura1, K. Furutaka1, S. Goko1¥, M. Igashira2, T. Kamiyama3, T. Katabuchi2, T. Kin1, K. Kino3, F. Kitatani1,
Y. Kiyanagi3, M. Koizumi1, M. Mizumoto2, S. Nakamura1, M. Ohta1$, M. Oshima1, and Y. Toh1
1
Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA; 2Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 3Graduate
School of Engineering, Hokkaido University; Present address ¥Hokkaido University, $Osaka University.

Topics of MLF 201023

Improvement of Muon Beam Transport at D-Line

1. Introduction
The first beamline in MUSE was designed totransport the muons from decay-in-flight pions. The
front-end part of this decay-muon beamline (D-line)
is in an M2-tunnel, and is connected to the downstream part in experimental hall #2 through the 6-m
super conducting solenoid magnet as the pion-tomuon decay section. The front-end magnets areoperated under high radiation field due to the muon
production target, that’s why they were newly designed and installed, while the other magnets, located downstream from the solenoid including thesolenoid itself, were relocated from the Tsukuba
campus, KEK in order to reduce the construction
cost. 15 quadrupoles, 2 dipole magnets and a wien
filter (DCsep) were assembled in the downstream,
as shown in Fig. 1. These magnets had been used
in a few different beamlines, and thus their bore radii and field lengths are different from one another.
This caused a constraint of the beam transmission
in the D-line. Namely, muon beam loss occured atsmall bore magnets.

To increase the beam transmission efficiency, awien filter (DCsep) was replaced with a wide-gap,
200 mm, one in the last fiscal year [1]. In this fiscal
year, the electric-field power supplier of DCsep was
replaced with a higher-voltage one, and two limiting
quadrupole magnets, DQ4 and DQ7, were replacedwith large-bore, f300 mm, ones. The replacement
work was done during the summer shutdown, andthe commissioning works, aging of the wien filter andbeam tuning were performed in the autumn-cycle of2010. We will report the progress in this article.
2. Installation of New Magnets
The replacement work was done in August,and it took about three weeks. DQ4 is a part of theDQ456 triplet, so this triplet was removed from thebeamline, and then overhauled to install a new DQ4
and a new vacuum duct, as well as DQ7. A part ofthe old DQ4 was slightly activated below 1 mSv/h.

DQ4

Figure 1. DQ456 triplet installation.

Figure 1. A cross-sectional view of D-line.

24

Topics of MLF 2010

3. Beam Tuning Results
The map of the magnetic field was measured
before installing. The effect of the fringing field was
not negligible for a thin magnet like DQ4 and DQ7.
Thus, taking the measured fringing field into account, the beam envelope was evaluated throughoptics calculations. Figure 2 shows a typical result

of the surface muon transmission to the D2 area.
The improvement due to the new DCsep and DQ7
is clearly seen. DQ4 plays an important role to capture the decay muons at the exit of the solenoid.

JPARC MUON D2 SURFACE with fringing field
Zmin=
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The evaluatedbeam
envelop
forto
Figure2.he evaluatedFigure2. Tbeam envelop
for surface
muons
the D2 area by TRANSPORT.

Figure 3. A typical beam profile obtained by imaging plate.
sx=14mm and sy =28mm (left) and the result of
TURTLE (right)

surface muons to D2 area by TRANSPORT.

According to the beam envelope calculation,
beam tuning was performed, and the beam profile
became much sharper than before, as shown in Fig.
3. This was consistent with the Monte-Carlo calculation. The beam intensity was also measured to be
3.1×106 surface muons per second under 220 kW
proton beam. The 50-MeV/c decay muon beam intensity was around one third of the surface one, andthe positive and negative muon beam intensity wasalmost the same. This result is unexpected from thepoint of view of a previous estimation based on apion production model, but it is certainly good news
for researches who use negative muons.

3. Summary
The new magnets installed in the D-line dramatically improved the muon beam intensity and its profile. However, the tendency of the beam intensity
was found to be inconsistent with the calculations.
Especially, the negative muon intensity is muchhigher than expected. Further investigation will be
performed to clarify the origin of this mystery.
References[1]	K. Nishiyama et al., MLF Annual Report 2009,
105.

N. Kawamura, K. Ninomiya, H. Fujimori, Y. Kobayashi, K. Nishiyama, and Muon Sci. Sec.
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Topics of MLF 201025

Development of New Positron/Electron Detector System
for Pulsed μSR

At pulsed muon facilities, muons come in a pulseof a time width of several ten nano-seconds. The
time differential muon spin relaxation (mSR) measures the relative time from the muon coming andthe decay positron/electron events in the muon decay m± → e± + n. The requirement for the positron/
electron detectors for pulsed mSR is a minimum
countloss, despite the huge event rate right after thearrival of the muons. The Decay muon channel (Dline) of MUon Science Establishment (MUSE) delivers 180,000 positive muons per pulse at D1 experimental area for 300 kW operation [1]. These muonsdecay into positrons with an average life time of 2.2
micro-seconds, resulting in an average count-rateof 180,000/2.2 ms ≈ 100 giga counts/second (Gcps)
for the entire solid angle.
The general purpose mSR spectrometer (DW-1)
installed at the D1 experimental area currently has
128 segmented counter pairs (256 single counters),
covering approximately 8% of the solid angle aroundthe sample. With the full beam, the average countrate for each counter yields 100 × 109 × 0.08/128 =60 Mcps. This is still a high-rate because each counter experiences approximately 60Mcp × 2.2 ms ≈ 120
counts/pulse, which corresponds to 2.2 ms /120 ≈ 20
ns for the average event separation. This event separation is comparable with or shorter than the typicalrecovery time of photo-multiplier-tubes (PMTs: ~20ns) or avalanched photo diodes (APDs: ~ 40 ns),
and we reduce the muon beam intensity to ~ 1/10 bycollimators and slits, so that the event-rate may be
handled by the existing detectors. In order to enjoy
the high beam intensity of pulsed muons at MUSE,
the DW-1 spectrometer has to realize much higher
counting rate by tiling smaller counters and muchlarger solid angle coverage with affordable cost.
In JFY 2010, we developed a prototypical detector system, which can sit on a palm-top and wereable to observe m-e decay time spectrum (Fig.1). It
is composed of three blocks: a detector block, analogue board and digital board.

26

Topics of MLF 2010

Figure 1. Prototypical new positron/electron detector systemand the schematic strucuture of the counter pair.

The detector block is composed of plastic scintillator, wave-length shifting fiber and a multi-pixel avalanched photo diode (APD), specifically, Multi-Pixel
Photon Counter (MPPC) made by Hamamatsu Co.
Ltd. The m-APD has some major advantages, suchas lower cost (~40 dollars/channel) and higher tolerance to magnetic fields (~Tesla) over usual PMTs.
The largest advantage of our new detector system is that the electronics (the discriminator, TDC
and memory) are built in as the front-end circuit.
The analogue board of the prototype will be integrated into the next generation ASIC chip which iscurrently being fabricated [2].
The main component of the digital board is the
Field Programable Gate Array (FPGA) which is thelargest black chip in Fig.1. The time-to-digital converter (TDC) counts up clocks starting at the LEMO
input signal and the event timing is recorded into
the memory configured in FPGA. The stored event
timing is read from the memory, formed into ethernet packet and sent to data acquisition DAQ-PC asa series of SiTCP packet [3]. The packet structureof the new detector is set in exactly the same way
as that of the existing DAQ at DW-1 spectrometer,
and hence, the new detector will seamlessly merge
with and be able to replace the existing PMT based
detectors.
In Fig.2, the first time spectrum taken in thisprototypical detector system is shown. Beam intensity was reduced to that for typical measurementswith the existing detectors. The m-e decay lifetime

of coincidenced spectrum (#1 & #2) is estimatedto be 2.24 ms, which is a reasonable value withouta count-loss correction. One lucky finding is that asingle counter without coincidence (channel #1 or#2) already gives a background and distortion-freem-e decay signal, thanks to the small scintillator
size. This may open a path to an easier design of aspectrometer without counter coincidence.

Figure 2. The first μ-e decay time spectra taken by the prototypical detector system.

References[1]	Yomiuri News Paper Ibaraki-ed., March 16(2010).
[2]	M. Tanaka, specification memo of ASIC
x10Amp2011 (2011).
[3]	T. Uchida, IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 55, 1631
(2008).

K.M. Kojima1,2, A. Koda1,2 S.Y. Suzuki3, R. Kadono1,2, M. Miyazaki2, M. Hiraishi2, T. Murakami4, M. Ikeno4, M. Saito4,
T. Uchida4, and M. Tanaka41
Institute of Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK-IMSS) and J-PARC; 2Department of Materials
Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOK- ENDAI); 3Computer Research Center (KEK-CRC); 4Institute ofParticle and Nuclear Study (KEK-IPNS); All are members of Open Source Consortium of Instrumentation: http://openit.kek.jp

Topics of MLF 201027

μSR Study on Materials Potentially Applicablefor Future Automobiles

1. Introduction
Secondary batteries and fuel cells are thought tobe key components for future automobiles. Therefore, the materials concerning these components
are naturally good targets for mSR measurements,
particularly because mSR provides microscopic
magnetic information on such materials. We havethus initiated mSR studies of battery materials since2005 and of fuel cell materials since 2003. Here,we wish to summarize the current situation of ourresearch of these materials.
2. Battery Materials
Since lithium-ion batteries (LIB) posess the highest energy density, a “secondary battery for future
automobiles” is most likely an equivalent to “LIB” atpresent. The basic principle behind the operation of
LIB is a reversible intercalation/deintercalation of
Li+ ions in solids. A self-diffusion coefficient of Li+(DLi) is, thus, one of the crucial physical parameters to determine the charge/discharge rate of LIB.
Although Li-NMR is a powerful tool to detect DLi insolids, a reliable DLi has been never obtained for
positive electrode materials, because of the effectof magnetic ions on the spin-lattice relaxation rate.
On the contrary, we found that mSR clearly detects the change in the internal magnetic field due
to Li diffusion through a dynamic Kubo-Toyabe behavior. Furthermore, the magnitude of DLi estimatedby the field fluctuation rate (n) for LixCoO2 [1] wascomparable to the predicted value from the firstprinciples calculations. Since then, we have madesystematic experiments for clarifying DLi for several
positive electrode materials (Fig. 1).
3. Fuel Cell Materials
Complex borohydrides and related materials are
possible candidates for future onboard hydrogenstorage materials; [2] however, their slow dehydrogenation kinetics and high hydrogen desorption
temperature (Td) need to be drastically improved,
if they are to enable a practical hydrogen storage
system. We have, thus, investigated the nature ofborohydrides and related compounds by mSR [3].

Figure 1. Several positive electrode materials for LIB and our µSR work on them.

28

Topics of MLF 2010

Figure 2. T variation of the ZF-spectrum for (left) non-milled MgH2 and (right) milled MgH2.

Particularly, for a very simple system, MgH2, wehave found a drastic change in the ZF-spectrum by
milling, probably due to the formation of H-m/H-m-H
bonds on the new surface (Fig. 2). In order to clarify
the interrelationship between the H-m/H-m-H bonds
and Td, we need additional experiments at temperatures below the vicinity of Td (= 550-650 K).

References[1]	J. Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 147601(2009).
[2]	L. Schlapbach and A. Zuttel, Nature 414, 353(2001).
[3]	J. Sugiyama et al., Phys. Rev. B 81, 092103(2010).

J. Sugiyama
Toyota Central R&D Laboratories, Inc.

Topics of MLF 201029

Neutron SourceVery High Intense Proton Beam Commissioning

In November 2009, we started to deliver 120kW proton beam to the target with the remarkably
high availability of about 90%. In a short test about
1 hour, we demonstrated the capability of 300-kW
beam operation to the spallation neutron source.
We confirmed that the beam loss was very small
and the operational beam status was very stable.
Even after a beam operation at 300 kW, the residual
dose in the beam transport system was as small as
the background level. Since November 2010, we
had carried out the beam operation with the powerof 200 kW. As a trial case, the beam accelerationand extraction capability was demonstrated at the
3-GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) with beam
power of 450 kW for several shots on the beam
dump located at the extraction of the RCS.
As the beam power increases, precision beamtuning is required in order to avoid the high residual
radiation caused by beam loss around the beam
duct and the magnets. On the other hand, it is betterto minimize the duration for beam tuning in order toincrease the beam time required by the users. In order to perform the beam tuning efficiently, we developed an expert beam operation system, which simulated the beam status from the result of the beam
position obtained by the beam monitors. Throughthe result of the simulation code of the MAD, thecorrection angle for the beam can be obtained at
the steering magnets so that the correction currents
at the steering magnets could be supplied automatically. By using the present system, the beam tuning
period was decreased drastically.
At the SNS in ORNL, a pitting damage wasfound at the mercury target vessel after the completion of a beam operation. Until the summer of 2010,
we did not have any spare mercury target vessels.
Without a spare target, if the vessel was broken,
the beam had to stop operating for a long period oftime to fabricate a new vessel. We maintained thebeam power at 120 kW before the preparation of
the spare target.

32

Neutron Source of MLF 2010

With the increase of the beam power, the beamprofile becomes more important. We continued thedevelopment of the proton beam profile on the target
by the activation technique using an imaging plate(IP). Through remote handing, the IP is directly attached to the target vessel. The IP was delivered tothe target by a crane and attached to it with the helpof manipulators. The typical duration of the exposure time was 5 min. After the exposure, the imageof the radiation was read out by the reader of the IP.
In Fig. 1, we show the beam profile result obtained by the IP after 200 kW beam irradiation in
December 2010. In the distribution, it was observedthat a clear Gaussian peak exists without tilting.
We should note that the result was obtained after
6 days of cooling time for residual radiations. It wasdemonstrated that the present technique can give
reliable profile without saturation of the radiation for
1 MW operation with certain cooling period. Simultaneously, a thermo luminescence dosimeter (TLD)
was placed on the IP holder. Unfortunately, the dose
observed by the TLD was saturated, which impliedthat the radiation was higher than 16 Sv/h at thetarget center.

Figure 1. Beam profile after 200 kW operation.

During beam operation, the beam profile wascontinuously measured by the multi wire profile
monitor (MWPM) located on the proton beam window. To obtain a long life time of the target, we
expanded gradually the beam size through an in-crease of the beam power. The measurement of
the beam width obtained by the IP and the MWPM
showed good agreement, which implies that a reliable beam profile can be obtained on time by the
MWPM.
It was a well-known fact that the damage to thetarget vessel caused by the beam was proportional
to 4th power of the peak intensity. Therefore, careful
beam tuning was required to avoid the damage tothe target. As the profile expands, the heat deposition around the target increases mainly due to thebeam halo, which is difficult to observe. We have developed a new technique to observe the heat deposition at the target vicinities by using the beam halo
monitor made of thermocouples. Before prolonged
beam operation, the heat deposition was obtainedby measuring the temperature rising speed at thevicinities. It was confirmed that the heat depositionat the vicinities was 0.3 W/cc which was smaller
than the allowable level of 1 W/cc. By confirming theheat deposition, we can confidently perform 0.2 MW
beam delivery with the low peak heat deposition of
1.7 J/cc/pulse.
We are proud and honored that thanks to theproper operation of the beam transport system, thebeam was not stopped for long periods of time in
JFY 2010. During the beam study period, we observed some minor problems with the power supplies of the magnet, however, these troubles did
not interrupt users’ beam time period. In JFY 2011,
we will increase the beam power for users to about
300 kW.
The earthquake on March 11th caused profounddamage to the beam transport system. For example, the beam tunnel wall significantly collapsed
and the magnets were displaced. After repairing thewall and restoring the alignment of the magnets, wewill begin beam operation at a power level of about
100 kW.

S. Meigo, M. Ohi, K. Ikezaki, A. Akutsu, H. Fujimori, and S. Sakamoto
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Source of MLF 201033

Mercury Target System

2. Earthquake Report
Mercury Circulation System
The mercury circulation system (MCS), which
provides flowing mercury for the target vessel andremoves heat generated in the mercury target,
mainly consists of the surge tank, a permanent
magnet rotating type induction pump (PM pump)[1] and a heat exchanger. When the big earthquake
occurred, mercury flowed with proper flow rate, 41
m3/h but the proton beam was not injected to themercury target system.
Figure 1 shows the time histories of the mercury flow rate, the motor torque of the pump, thepressure in the system and the mercury level inthe surge tank. The big earthquake occurred at
14:46. The electric power stopped 2 min after theearthquake and then the motor and mercury flow
stopped. The pressures at inlet, Pin, and outlet, Pout34

Neutron Source of MLF 2010

1.5

1.1

Earthquake
Pout [x250 kPaG]

Aftershock

1.08

Value

1

1.06

Pin [x250 kPaG]

0.5

Hg level in surge tank [m]1.04

Hg flow rate [x50 m3/h]

0

Hg pump motor torque [x50 %]1.02

Hg level in Surge tank [m]1. Overview of the Target Operation in JFY 2010
Until November, the target system consisting ofa mercury target vessel, mercury circulation system and target trolley operated with 120 kW proton beam power, then the power was increased to
210 kW. The system could be operated without any
unusual phenomena such as an unexpected temperature rise of the mercury, pressure increase in
the system and a drop of the mercury flow rate until
March 11 2011 when the big earthquake occurred.
We proceeded developing a pressure wave mitigation technique. The pressure waves are generated in mercury by rapid thermal expansion caused
by proton beam bombardment. They induce thecavitation pitting/erosion damage to the mercury
target vessel which shortens substantially the lifetime of the target vessel. A microbubble injection
into mercury mitigates the pressure waves and thedamage because microbubbles act as an absorber
against thermal expansion. A new target vessel withmicrobubble injector is being fabricated, which will
be installed into the system in October 2011.

2011/03/11 14:30

-0.5

0

10

20

30

40

Time [min]

50

1
60

Figure 1. T ime histories of process values in mercury circulation system.

were changed by the pump stopping. Pout dropped
down due to lack of pump discharge force and Pinrose up due to lack of pump suction force. The mercury level did not change between before and after
the earthquake which indicates no leak of mercury
from the system. A big aftershock occurred at 15:15.
In the histories of the level and pressures, intense
vibration was observed which was caused by big
seismic motions.
Target Vessel and Target Trolley
When the big earthquake occurred, the target
system was at beam operation position. In normal
operation, the position of the target trolley is locked
by the rod fixed to the floor, which engages with thedetent fixed on the target trolley. The rod is raised
up by the air cylinder, and stops the target trolleyfrom moving by the pushing force of the pillow seal
mounted on the target vessel as shown in fig. 2.
Under the strong seismic motion, the pressurized
air supply line to the air cylinder was broken and therod went down by its own weight releasing the target trolley. Since the helium gas supply to the pillow
seal still continued, the bellows of the pillow seal
inflated pushing the target trolley backward, and fi-

Detent fixed on trolley
RodPushing force by
the pillow seal

Pillow seal withextended bellows

AircylinderReleased

LockedFigure 2. Movement of the target trolley lock system.

Figure 3. P illow seal mounted on the target vessel with extended bellows.

nally the bellows were broken. Figure 3 shows thetarget vessel with the damaged pillow seal on it. The
length of the bellows extended 200 mm longer than
the normal length of 100 mm.
The target vessel will be replaced by a new one
in 2011, in which we will install a pressure wave miti-

gation system, such as microbubble injection system into mercury.
Reference[1]	H. Kogawa, et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. in Phys.
Res. A 600 97-99 (2009).

H. Kogawa, K. Haga, and T. Wakui
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Source of MLF 2010

35

The Cryogenic Hydrogen System

1. Introduction
The cryogenic hydrogen system provides supercritical hydrogen at 18 K and 1.5 MPa to threemoderators of JSNS, and absorbs nuclear heatingof about 3.8 kW generated in these moderators.
The system consists of a helium refrigerator system
and a hydrogen circulation system as shown in Fig.
1 [1]. One of the unique features of the cryogenichydrogen system is that the pressure fluctuation in
the closed hydrogen loop caused by switching theproton beam on and off, is mitigated by a hybridpressure control system consisting of an accumulator and a heater. The accumulator uses variable
volume to passively absorb the volume fluctuation

Compressor room

while the heater compensates the heating power
during the beam off mode. Another unique featureis the adoption of a pair of centrifugal type pumps
for hydrogen circulation.
When we operated the system in 2008-2009
operations, we struggled with some troubles in thehydrogen pumps: excessive vibration of the rotor
shafts and extreme cooling of the pump flanges,
which should be kept at room temperature. As a result of the appropriate steps we took to resolve theproblems, the operation of the hydrogen pumps wasquite stable throughout the Japan Fiscal Year (JFY)2010. However, we encountered two other challenges we need to overcome in JFY 2010: an accumulator failure and some impurities in the helium refrigerator system. Figure 2 shows the operation historyof the cryogenic hydrogen system in JFY 2010.

Gas supply room

Helium buffertank (50m3)

Cold Evaporator(20m3)

2. Recovery from the Accumulator Failure
In the beginning of February 2010, we discovered leakage in the accumulator bellows. It wasa serious leakage because the boundary function
between the hydrogen and the helium regions was
lost. The user service operations in February andMarch (Runs #30 & #31) were cancelled to takeemergency measures against the trouble. Although
the accumulator is indispensable for operations under 1-MW beam power, our analysis showed thatStack

MLF building

Pumps

Accumulator
Transfer lines
andModerators

TurbineOrtho-Parahydrogenconverter

HX 3

AdsorberCM

H2-He heatexchanger

HX 2

HX 1

Cold box

PMDM

Vacuum layer
Helium blanket

Helium Refrigerator

Hydrogen circulation system

Figure 1. The cryogenic hydrogen system.

FY2010
4

5

6

7

8

9

10

11

12

1

2

3

Maintenance
Cryogenic H2 system operation

7(On-beam test)

28

MLF beam operation

9

31 7

26

5

5 9 1919

20 6 1116 23

7

2 10 17

21

19

13

25

(RUN#33) (RUN#34)(RUN#35)

Inspection & permit to exchange the accumulator(for regulation of high pressure gas)

(RUN#36)䕰

Neutron Source of MLF 2010

(RUN#38)

The Great East Japan Earthquake
2011.3.11

Figure 2. Operation history in JFY 2010.

36(RUN#37)7

we could operate the system without the accumulator function but only with the heater control underthe beam power at that time, 120-kW. The idea wasconfirmed to be valid through an on-beam commissioning operation in April. The pressure rise for the
120-kW operation was 40 kPa, which was 10 times
higher than that under normal conditions, but still
below the design limit value of 50 kPa as expected(see Fig. 3) [2]. Accordingly, a two-cycle, 37-day
operation at 120-kW was executed successfully in
May and June (Runs #33 & #34).
The failed accumulator was replaced with a new
one during the summer shutdown period. To decrease the mechanical load to the bellows and to
improve its maintainability, the variable volume of
the accumulator bellows was reduced from 16 L to
6 L. Figure 4 shows photographs of the new andold accumulators and the inside of the hydrogencold box. After the replacement, we carried out an
on-beam commissioning operation to confirm that60

Pressure rise (kPa)

50

Experimental data
Without an accumulator
With an accumulator

40

Simulation results
Without an accumulator
With an accumulator

30

20

10

0

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Proton Beam power (kW)Figure 3. The hydrogen pressure rise for the proton beam
power.

the new accumulator was functioning properly. The
pressure rises were 4 kPa and 8 kPa for the 120-kW
and 220-kW proton beam operations, respectively,
as expected. Then, on October 15, the MLF user
operations for Run #35 were finally resumed.
3. Impurity Issue in the Helium Refrigerator
From October through December (Runs #35& #36) we had to halt the operation twice due toheat exchange degradation in the helium refrigerator system. Contamination caused by impurities(most likely water vapor) in the helium gas was thepossible reason. A new charcoal filter in the helium
refrigerator, which was exposed to ambient air during exchanging work during the summer shutdown
period, could be the source of the impurities.
During the October operations, a pressure dropin the heat exchanger increased gradually as shownin Fig. 5 probably due to water adhesion to heat exchange surfaces. This caused decrease in the thermal conduction through the heat exchange surfaces
and then increase in the outlet temperature of theheat exchanger. We tried to stabilize the outlet temperature by introducing liquid nitrogen pre-cooling.
However, the pressure drop and the outlet temperature kept on increasing until they forced a system
halt. The cryogenic hydrogen system was once
warmed up for recovery. The heat exchanger waspurged using dry nitrogen gas. The charcoal filter
was regenerated using hot dry nitrogen gas. Aftera dew point at the outlet of the charcoal filter was
reduced to -57 degrees C, the cryogenic operation
resumed for Run #36. Despite the fact that the conditions improved, the cryogenic hydrogen systemneeded another halt in December during Run #36
for recovery.

No LN2 operation

Figure 4. The new and old accumulators and the openedhydrogen cold box.

T1002

Pressure drop

Temperature (K)Pressure drop (kPa)Helium temperature

Figure 5. Pressure drop and helium temperature of the outlet of the heat exchanger at Run #35.

Neutron Source of MLF 201037

4. The Great East Japan Earthquake
At the time of the earthquake, the cryogenic hydrogen system was in operation under the rated
condition of 20 K and 1.5 MPa. Several minutes
after the beginning of the earthquake, the system
was stopped by an interlock signal due to the power
failure. The hydrogen gas was discharged safely
through a release line as usual. Since the MLF building itself withstood the enormous quake and didn’t
suffer substantial damage, the damages of the cryogenic hydrogen system in the MLF building were notvery serious. However, the ground surrounding themain building subsided severely, which broke theoutside facilities. A liquid nitrogen storage tank anda helium buffer tank for the cryogenic hydrogen system, both of which are 2.5 m in diameter and 10 m inheight, leaned to a degree and the associated pipes
were bent due to the subsidence. We will investigate
thoroughly the damages caused by the earthquake,and try to resume the cryogenic operation in 2011.

P re s s u re d ro p (k P a )T e m p e ra tu re (K )After Run #36, we worked even during the New
Year’s holidays to regenerate thoroughly the charcoal filter and some other components and remove
the impurities from the system. Because of thoseefforts, we were able to operate the cryogenic hydrogen system almost stably from late January to
March 11 (Runs #37 & #38). The pressure drop andthe outlet temperature of the heat exchanger could
be kept constant during the operations as shown in
Fig. 6. As a result of the lessons we learned from theimpurity issue, we will introduce a regeneration system, consistng of a cryogenic purification unit, a drier
unit and a heater unit, into the helium refrigerator
system during the coming summer shutdown period.

200

Helium temperature
T1002

150

100

Pressure drop
50

0
1/19

1/24

1/29

Neutron Source of MLF 2010

2/8

2/13

2/18

Figure 6. Pressure drop and helium temperature of the outlet of the heat exchanger at Run #37.

Figure 7. Condition of the tanks and the pipes of the cryogenic system outside of the MLF building.

References[1]	T. Kato, et al., Journal of the Cryogenic Societyof Japan, Vol.42 No.8 277-264 (2007).
[2]	H. Tatsumoto, et al., Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, “Dynamic behavior of the cryogenichydrogen system using only a heater control”,
accepted and printing now.

T. Aso, H. Tatsumoto, S. Hasegawa, K. Ohtsu, T. Uehara, Y. Kawakami, and H. Sakurayama
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

38

2/3

Neutron Target Station

1. Overview
All the neutron target station components, suchas the hydrogen moderators, reflectors, helium-vessel and neutron beam shutters, were operated mostly without serious troubles throughout JFY 2010 but
only until the earthquake on March 11, 2011.
The most significant trouble was a control error of the shutter system. On November 8, an encoder attached to a servo-motor to drive one of the
23 shutter blocks failed. The error caused a total of
11 shutters in the 2nd experimental hall to become
uncontrollable for 4 hours. The shutter system wasrestored by resetting the control system with forcing
a proton beam outage for half an hour.
Vacuums for many of the neutron beam ducts inthe shutter blocks were broken by the earthquake
because the bolts fastening a metal O-ring on aduct flange were loosened by the impulsive force.
All the ducts are to be recovered by the autumn of2011 by taking some countermeasures. Despite thetremendous earthquake, this was all of the significant damage we found in the target station.
2. Outstanding Neutronic Performance
The proton beam power was raised to 220 kW
in December 2010. The number of neutrons emitted from the coupled hydrogen moderator per unit
solid angle per pulse was found to be 3.8×1012 [1].
As of 2010, the corresponding neutron intensities in
the world’s major spallation neutron sources were
4.2×1012 at the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) facility in U.S.A., and 4.0×1012 at the ISIS facility in UK(Fig.1). Thus it was confirmed that the neutron intensity achieved at J-PARC was almost comparablewith that at the world’s major pulsed spallation neutron sources. J-PARC’s neutron intensity will eventually be three times that of SNS when the beam
power is raised to the rated 1 MW.
The number of pulses per second is suppressed
to 25, compared to 60 at SNS, to increase the number of neutrons in each pulse. The unique modera-

Figure 1. Comparison of neutron intensities of the world’s
major pulsed spallation neutron sources.

tor design represented in its cylindrical shape, which
was found through an extensive optimization study
on the materials, dimensions, and configurations of
the neutron source components, is another reason
to push up the neutron intensity.
3. R&D on Hydrogen Moderators
Some R&D activities are ongoing to procure
spare hydrogen moderators. One of the activities
is a development of low activation neutron absorbing material “decoupler”, and this topic is described
elsewhere in this report (the section for resonanceabsorption imaging).
Another activity is devoted to facilitating the
manufacturability of the moderators because it is
not easy to manufacture moderators with thin fivefold coaxial tube structure made of aluminum alloyand stainless steel.
A low thermal expansion material “Invar” is to be
introduced to minimize thermal shrinkage of the 4-m
long moderator tubes when they are cooled down
to 20 K. Weldability and bendability of Invar tubes
have been confirmed to be workable. We greatly
appreciate the SNS/ORNL team for their useful suggestions on treating Invar.

Neutron Source of MLF 201039•	A combined component of multiple tubes including a dissimilar joint of aluminum alloy and stainless steel by the hot isostatic pressing method
was fabricated successfully as depicted in Fig. 2.
This will contribute to the easier concentric alignment and certain airtightness at the joints.
•	Dissimilar joints of aluminum alloy and Invar were
produced successfully by the friction welding
method. According to a series of tensile tests of
the joints at 77 K and 300 K (Fig. 3), it was foundthat the joints are strong enough as the moderator parts are, even at the low temperature.

Figure 3. Tensile test at the room temperature (left) and at
77 K in an LN2 bath (right).

References[1]	F. Maekawa, M. Harada, M. Teshigawara, et al.,Nucl. Instr. Meth. A 620 159 (2010).
[2]	M. Harada, M. Teshigawara, F. Maekawa andM. Futakawa, J. Nucl. Mater. 398 93 (2010).
[3]	M. Ooi, M. Teshigawara, T. Wakui, T. Nishi, et al.,J. Nucl. Mater., to be published.
[4]	M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, M. Ooi, T. Kai, et al.,J. Nucl. Mater., to be published.
Figure 2. A combined component of triple tubes used forthe room temperature region.

F. Maekawa, M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, K. Oikawa, M. Ooi, and Y. KasugaiMaterials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center40

Neutron Source of MLF 2010

Radiation Safety

Applications for the radiological license updates
were submitted twice in the 2010 fiscal year. The
first application, submitted in June 2010, included
the following items: (i) Power-up of the proton beam
intensity from 250 kW to 320 kW, (ii) Installationof the neutron beam lines of BL11 and 15 and (iii)
Changing some shield configurations for preparation of the installations of BL02, 17 and 18. The application was approved in November 2010, and we
started the test operations with 300 kW in December
2010 and the test use of BL11 and 15 in February
2011. The final government inspection was scheduled for March 15, 2011. However, due to the March
11 disaster, the final inspection was postponed. The
residual inspection will be carried out after the proton beam operation is resumed in December 2011.
The second application, which included theitems on the new neutron-beam lines (BL02, 17
and 18) and the setting of the controlled area in the
additional building for BL09, was submitted in December 2010 and approved in February 2011. The
government inspection for both applications will be
conducted simultaneously after the recovery of JPARC.
In the second application process, MEXT (Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Tech-

nology) changed the way of the application processof the secondary-beam lines. The new beam lines
had to be reviewed before the construction. In addition, previously, minor changes of the configurations, such as modification of shielding components, installation of collimators etc., also had to bereviewed in terms of the radiation safety. However,
MEXT allowed us to do such minor changes under
the responsibility of J-PARC. The new process at
J-PARC will be standardized and become effective
in 2011 fiscal year.
In January 2011, the mandatory periodical government inspection, carried out every five years
according to the radiation hazard laws, took placeat all J-PARC facilities. The inspection covered thefollowings: (i) Radiological records and documents,(ii) Radiological placards posted at the exits of controlled areas, (iii) Interlock system and (iv) Radiationdose during the beam operation. We passed the inspection without any problem.
Fortunately, there were no severe radiologicalproblems associated with the March 11 disaster,though we will need to restore a significant numberof shielding blocks in order to resume the beam operation scheduled for December 2011.

Y. Kasugai, M. Ooi, and T. Kai
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

Neutron Source of MLF 201041

Neutron ScienceNeutron Science

Since the first beam with a power of 20 kW was
successfully supplied on May 30th, 2008, followed by
the user operation, which started on December 23rd,
2008, the number of users has been increasing andusers’ demands for beam time have been stronger
than ever. In order to meet the users’ demands aswell as to continue the instrumental developments,
we have several proposal categories for JAEA/KEK
instruments and Ibaraki prefecture neutron instruments. For the JAEA/KEK instruments, these are‘General Use’ for the standard route to apply forbeam time, ‘Project Use’ for KEK/JAEA projects,and ‘Instrument Development Group Use’ for maintenance, improvement and other R&D activities. For
the Ibaraki prefecture neutron instruments, they are‘General Use’ for which J-PARC calls for proposals,and ‘General Industrial Use’ and ‘Ibaraki Prefecture
Project Use’ for which Ibaraki prefecture calls for
proposals.
‘General Use’ proposals are recruited and peer
reviewed twice a year by the Neutron Science Proposal Review Committee (NSPRC). In order topromote internationalization, all academic proposals are requested to be written in English. This implies that the MLF proposal-reviewing process is in
English. Each ‘General Use’ proposal will be peer
reviewed by referees in advance followed by a discussion in NSPRC to allocate beamtime for each
proposal topics. Once it is adopted, the validity period will be half a year.
Since the user operation has started, the total
number of submitted proposals for both ‘General
Use’ and ‘General Industrial Use’, including proprietary use, has been increasing as follows: 54 (in2008B term, including 7 for muon), 173 (2009A& B, 25 for muon) and 227 (2010A and B, 25 formuon). The total number of approved proposals forcorresponding ones was 31(2008B, 6 for muon),150(2009A & B, 24 for muon) and 176 (2010A andB, 24 for muon).
An outstanding characteristic of the MLF uses

44

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

shown in Fig. 2 is that the ratio of proposals fromindustrial users has reached nearly 1/3 of the total
proposals. This was achieved through the frequent
outreach activities led by the Ibaraki prefecture people, etc. as well as the trial use system introduced in
JRR-3.

Figure 1. Number of general proposals for each instrument
in 2010. Both ‘General Use’ and ‘General Industrial Use’ are included. In total, 227 proposals were
submitted and 176 of them were approved.

Others18%

University
37%

Foreign
10%
Industry
35%

Figure 2. Affiliations of applicants in 2010.

In 2010, we have been operating 12 instruments, and were constructing the following six instruments: DNA (BL02), SPICA (BL09), PLANET(BL11), TAIKAN (BL15), SHARAKU (BL17), andSENJU (BL18). All instruments under operation andconstruction are shown in Table 1 and Figure 3.

Table 1. Instrument specifications of instruments currently scheduled and under construction*.

Instrument

Beamline /moderator**

TargetSpecifications

4D Space Access Neutron
Spectrometer (4SEASONS)

BL01 / C

Spin and lattice dynamics incondensed matter.

5 < Ei < 300 meV, DE/E i > 5 %Biomolecular Dynamics
Spectrometer (DNA)

BL02 / C

Dynamics of biomolecules and soft Scan energy: −25 < E < 45 meV, (Simaterials.
analyzer (111): resolution ~1.2 meV)IBARAKI Biological Crystal
Diffractometer (iBIX)

BL03 / C

Biological neutron crystallography.

Accurate Neutron-Nucleus
Reaction Measurement
Instrument (ANNRI)

BL04 / C

Nuclear data, nuclear astrophysics, Two spectrometers. Ge detectors
and trace element analysis.
array (L1=21.5 m), NaI(Tl) detectors(L2=27.9 m)

Neutron Optics andFundamental
Physics Beam Line (NOP)

BL05 / C

Fundamental physics. Neutron b
decay measurement etc.

Three (small divergence, highintensity, high polarization)
beamlines

Super High Resolution Powder BL08 / DCP
Diffractometer (SuperHRPD)

Analysis of complicated andhierarchical structures.

d = 0.3~45 Å, Dd/d=0.1~3.0 % (best0.035 % at 2q =175｡)

Special Environment Neutron BL09 / DCP
Powder Diffractometer (SPICA)

Materials science for batteries.

d=0.1~125 Å, Dd/d>0.08 %NeutrOn Beam-line for
Observation & Research Use(NOBORU)

BL10 / DC

Test beam port for R&Ds, imaging,and neutronics research.

L1=14 m, Dd/d=0.33 %, band width~9 Å, L/D=140~1875, max. beam
size 100×100 mm

High Pressure Neutron
Diffractometer (PLANET)

BL11 / DC

Neutron diffraction under highpressure.

d=0.21~4.1 Å, Dd/d~0.5 %Pressure and temperature:
0~20 GPa, 10 K-2000 K

High Resolution Chopper
Spectrometer (HRC)

BL12 / DC

Phonon vibration and dispersion,
1 < Ei < 2000 meV, DE/Ei ≥ 2.5 %elemental spin and orbital excitation (1 % in the future)
in magnetic systems.

Cold-neutron Disk-chopper
Spectrometer (AMATERAS)

BL14 / C

Quasielastic & inelastic scattering
for dynamical properties in atomic,
molecular and magnetic systems.

1 < Ei < 80 meV, DE/Ei > 1 % (atEi=20 meV)

Smaller-Angle Neutron
Scattering Instrument(TAIKAN)

BL15 / C

Analysis of nanostructures andmicrostructures in hard and soft,and biological materials.

Q=0.003~13 Å−1, Qmin=0.0005 Å−1(in focusing mode)

Soft Interface Analyzer (SOFIA) BL16 / C

Surface and interface structure insoftmatter materials.

Q=0.005~0.4 Å−1, DQ/Q >1 %,Polarized Neutron
BL17 / C
Reflectometer with a Vertical
Sample Geometry (SHARAKU)

Magnetic structures in thin films
and multilayers.

Q=0.005~1.2 Å−1, DQ/Q >1 %, l
= 2.1~7.5 Å (in polarized mode),l =2.4~6.4 Å (in poralizationanalysis mode), l = 1.0~8.8 Å (inunpolarized mode)

Single Crystal Neutron
Diffractometer under Extreme
Condition (SENJU)

BL18 / DCP

Structure of functional materials
under controlled environmental
conditions.

Maximum lattice constant ~50 ÅEngineering Materials
Diffractometer (TAKUMI)

BL19 / DCP

Stress/strain measurements inmaterials science and mechanicalengineering.

d=0.5~2.7 Å, Dd/d=0.4 % (best Dd/
d=0.2 %)

IBARAKI Materials Design
Diffractometer (iMATERIA)

BL20 / DCP

Structural and chemical analysis for d=0.09~58 Å, Dd/d=0.16 % (atmaterials developments.
d=0.18~2.5 Å)High Intensity Total
Diffractometer (NOVA)

BL21 / DC

Structures of hydrogen-storage
Q=0.01~100 Å−1, DQ/Q=7~0.35 %materials and disordered materials.

Maximum lattice constant ~150 Å* See J-PARC/MLF website http://j-parc.jp/MatLife/en/instrumentation/ns_spec.html for further details.
** C: coupled H2 moderator; DC: decoupled H2 moderator; DCP: decoupled-poisoned H2 moderator

Neutron Science of MLF 201045

Diffractometers
iBIX (BL03), SuperHRPD (BL08), TAKUMI(BL19), iMATERIA (BL20) and NOVA (BL21) havebeen operated. In 2010, the construction of threediffractometers was started: a high pressure diffractometer, PLANET (BL11), a single crystal diffractometer for solid state science, SENJU (BL18),
and a special environment powder diffractometer,
SPICA (BL09).
In iBIX, the first TOF neutron diffraction data of aprotein crystal of RNase A (ribonuclease A), soaked
in heavy water, was obtained for about 10 days under 120kW. The crystal volume was 4.7 mm3. The
cell parameters were a = 30.4 Å, b = 38.6 Å, c =53.4 Å, b = 105.8° in a monoclinic form, respectively. The example of TOF diffraction pattern is shownin Figure 4. The data reduction was carried out by
using the data processing software “STARGazer”.
In SuperHRPD, high resolution powder diffraction
has been pursued to understand the structure physics by revealing tiny structure distortion, such as thecase of the long period spin structure seen in BiFeO3.
As shown in Figure 5, we can see only one peak witha conventional neutron powder diffractometer, whilewith SuperHRPD we clearly notice the split peaks.
iMATERIA was used in 2010 by 96 user groups
including the ‘Project Use’ group (67% were industrial users with (non) proprietary and urgent use).
Once the beam power reached 100kW, many users strived to achieve successful structure analyses
with minimum amount of samples. Recently, Rietveld analyses of a cathode active material in the46

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

10000

(0 0 3)h/(1 0 1)h

8000

Intensity

Figure 3. Layout of the neutron instruments at MLF as of2010.

Figure 4. The first diffraction pattern of a protein crystal of
RNase A.

6000
4000
2000
0
21

22

23

2theta (deg)24

25

Figure 5. Magnetic peaks of (1-x)BFO-xBTO (x = 0.1) atroom temperature using HERMES(top) andSuperHRPD(down).

amount as small as 8.5 mg extracted from a Li-ion
battery coin-type cells (ex situ measurement) weresuccessful.
In Takumi, one of the most important projects is
the residual strain studies on ITER superconducting wires. In JFY 2009, residual strains for Nb3Sn
phases in ITER-TF conductors were measured. In
JFY 2010, strains in ITER-CS conductor with theouter dimension of 49 mm were being carried out
until the earthquake (Figure 6). The heat-treatedspecimen was measured and thermal phase strainsin Nb3Sn phases during the heat treatment were obtained; the thermal residual strain in axial direction
for Nb3Sn was −0.2 %.

Figure 6. Off-line test at Takumi: 3.6 m long ITER- CS conductor.

NOVA is funded by the NEDO project “Advanced
Fundamental Research Project on Hydrogen Storage Materials (Hydro-Star)”. In JFY 2010, the performance of NOVA was evaluated using various
samples of crystaline, amorphous and liquid materials, and the reliability of the hardware and software
was confirmed. NOVA started a general user operation from 2010B with 10 % beamtime. The structural change during hydrogen desorption of AlD3
was studied with NOVA and the study revealed that
χ-Al2O3 forms on the surface of AlH3 (AlD3) by thedesorption of solvated ether.
Chopper Spectrometers
At present, 4SEASONS (BL01), HRC (BL12)and AMATERAS (BL14) have been operated. In
2010, the construction of a backscattering spectrometer, DNA (BL02), was started.
4SEASONS operated quite stably in 2010. Inelastic scattering data of superconductors, multiferroic
materials, relaxers, charge-ordered magnets, frustrated magnets, etc. were measured [1]. In Fe-based
superconductor BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2, a magnetic excitation signal is observed as a bright spot at |Q| ~ 1.2
Å−1 and E ~ 10–15 meV, which likely corresponds
to the spin excitation at the antiferromagnetic wave
vector QAF = (1/2 1/2) (Figure 7(a) and (b)). The excitation spectra of the spin-Peierls compound CuGeO3
are good examples of the multi-Ei measurement,from which we could see the whole picture of themagnetic excitations and the detailed structure of thelow-energy part simultaneously (Figure 7(c) and (d)).
The two-dimensionality of the magnetic excitations inFigure 7. Q–E maps of excitation spectra of (a) a powder
sample of BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2 at 5 K and (b) 32 K
with Ei = 45.5 meV, (c) single crystals of CuGeO3
at 5 K by multi-Ei measurement with Ei = 45.6 meV
and (d) 21.6 meV. Two-dimensional cut of the excitation spectra of a single crystal of La2CoO4.24 at
6 K with Ei = 21.6 meV on the (e) h–k plane at E
= 7±1 meV and (f) that on the h–E plane at k =0.5±0.1 r.l.u.

a single crystal of La2CoO4.24 allows us to project thedata on the plane perpendicular to the c axis (Figure7(e) and (f)). We can see that the cones of spin wave
dispersions develop around (h, k) = (half integer, integer) or (integer, half integer).
In HRC, a new scattering chamber, detectors andnew choppers were installed and a ceremony for cerebrating the completion of HRC was held in March,
2010. The ‘Nishikawa Award’ was awarded by theFoundation for High Energy Accelerator Science forthe 100Hz T0 & Fermi choppers development.
AMATERAS has moved into a full-scale user program operation in 2010. 80% of the beamtime wasprovided to the user program, while 20% was spentfor commissioning and covering of users’ beam-time
lost by accidental problems. Eight accepted generaluser proposals have large variety in their research
fields, such as strongly correlated electron systems,
biomaterials, ionic conductors and liquid.

Neutron Science of MLF 201047

Reflectometers and Smaller-angle Scattering Instrument
Presently, SOFIA (BL16, upgraded from ARISAII) has been operated. TAIKAN (BL15) has been
constructed and started on-beam commissioningin 2010. The construction of SHARAKU (BL17) has
started.
By upgrading to SOFIA, a wider scattering vector
region can be accessible with the 5.71° beam line inaddition to the present 2.22° beam line. More precise slit system than that of ARISA-II was incorporated. Many new components replaced the old ones
while the T0 chopper, disk chopper, NiC mirror, and2-dimensional scintillation detector (6LiF/ZnS) havebeen recycled. The performance of SOFIA was evaluated using a deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) thinfilm spun-cast on a silicon substrate. Figure 8 showsthat the reflectivity reaches 1×10−7 at q~4 nm−1.
Most of the TAIKAN components, including thevacuum chambers, were already installed at BL15 in2010. 608 3He PSD tubes with 8 mm in diameter and
500 - 1,000 mm in effective length were mounted on
the detector bank. On March 8, 2011, the first neutron
image was successfully taken as shown in Figure 9.
㻌㻌㼐㻼㻿㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼠㼔㼕㼏㼗㼚㼑㼟㼟㻌㻩㻌㻥㻣㻚㻣㻌㼚㼙㻌㼀㼔㼑㼛㼞㼑㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼟㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻝㻜㻚㻝㻾㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥

㻜㻚㻜㻝
㻝㻱㻙㻟
㻝㻱㻙㻠
㻝㻱㻙㻡
㻝㻱㻙㻢
㻝㻱㻙㻣
㻜㻚㻝

㻝

㼝㻌㻛㻌㼚㼙㻙㻝

Figure 8. NR profile of deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) thin film
on a Si substrate with a theoretical profile (red line).

Figure 9. The first neutron image taken at the BL15 with amask of “BL15” and “TAIKAN” in Japanese writing.

48

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Other Beamlines in Operation
Currently, ANNRI (BL04), NOP (BL05) andNOBORU (BL10) have been operated.
ANNRI has been developed to obtain accurate
data of neutron-capture cross sections of minor actinides (MAs) and long-lived fission products (LLFPs) in a collaborative project of Hokkaido University,
Tokyo Institute of Technology and the Japan Atomic
Energy Agency. The neutron capture cross sectionsof 93Zr, 99Tc, etc. were measured using the Ge andNaI(Tl) spectrometers installed in the ANNRI. The
primary transitions from the p-wave 225-eV resonance state to the low-lying states of 1-, 2+ and 4+
were clearly observed. The decay pattern was quite
different between 110- and 225-eV resonances of93
Zr.
In the NOP beamline, the 100m-curvature benders split cold neutrons into three beam branches:a low-divergence beam branch for neutron interferometry, an unpolarized one for the search of
unknown medium range interactions between neutrons and neutral atoms and a polarized one for the
study of the neutron decay. In the polarized beam
branch, a time projection chamber (TPC) and a spin
flip chopper (SFC) have been developed and are
currently under commissioning. In the unpolarized
beam branch, a moving multilayer mirror of m=10
is installed to convert very cold neutrons (v~ 140 ms−1) to ultracold neutrons by the Doppler shift.
Beam times of NOBORU were devoted to neutron source characterization and commissioning of
newly installed devices; R&D on energy-selective
imaging, neutron detectors and optical devices,
and TOF-type prompt gamma-ray analysis wereconducted. For pulsed neutron imaging, NOBORU
is now the best in the world with energy resolution(∆t/t: 0.3%), wide band width up to 9Å, variable andhigh collimator ratio (L/D = 140, 190, 600, 1,875),
large field of view (100×100 mm2) and intensity, etc.
The experimental results in imaging techniques at
NOBORU are now utilized for the design of a new
dedicated imaging instrument at MLF.
Reference[1]	R. Kajimoto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl., tobe publishedBL 01: Fermi-Chopper Spectrometer 4SEASONS

1. Introduction
4SEASONS (4-Dimensional Space Access Neutron Spectrometer; SIKI in Japanese) is a Fermichopper spectrometer to provide high counting ratewith a middle energy resolution [1]. In JFY 2010,
4SEASONS operated quite stably, though somekinds of upgrades are still in progress. The instrument conducted three general proposals, in addition to one project proposal and one instrumentgroup proposal. Inelastic scattering data of morethan 10 samples of superconductors, charge-ordered magnets, frustrated magnets, ferroelectricmaterials, etc. were measured, some of which will
be published soon [2–4]. Most of the measurements
utilized multiple incident energies (Ei’s) (multi-Ei
measurement), which is enabled by the repetition
rate multiplication technique and is one of the advantageous features of 4SEASONS [5].
2. Examples of Inelastic Scattering Data
Here we show some examples of inelastic scattering data obtained on 4SEASONS [1]. Figures
1(a) and 1(b) show the excitation spectra of a powder sample of an Fe-based superconductor BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2 measured at 5 K (a) and 32 K (b) with
Ei = 45.5 meV [2]. A magnetic excitation signal isobserved as a bright spot at |Q| ~ 1.2 Å−1 and E~ 10–15 meV, where Q and E are the momentum
transfer and energy transfer. The intensity of themagnetic excitation increases the superconducting
transition temperature Tc = 30 K, suggesting a close
relationship between the magnetic excitation andthe superconductivity.
Figures 1(c) and 1(d) show examples of datafrom a single crystal sample of a one-dimensional(1D) system. They are the excitation spectra of thespin-Peierls compound CuGeO3 measured at 5 Kwith Ei = 45.6 meV (c) and 21.6 meV (d). This compound has 1D spin chains with S = 1/2 along thec axis. Since the magnetic excitation is 1D along
the c direction, we presented the data as a func-

Figure 1. Examples of inelastic scattering data on 4SEASONS [1]. (a),(b) Q–E maps of excitation spectraof a powder sample of BaFe2(As0.65P0.35)2 at 5 K(a) and 32 K (b) with Ei = 45.5 meV. (c),(d) Qc–E
maps of excitation spectra of single crystals of
CuGeO3 at 5 K by multi-Ei measurement with Ei= 45.6 meV (c) and 21.6 meV (d). (e),(f) Two-dimensional cut of the excitation spectra of a single
crystal of La2CoO4.24 at 6 K with Ei = 21.6 meV on
the h–k plane at E = 7±1 meV (e) and that on theh–E plane at k = 0.5±0.1 r.l.u. (f).

tion of the c component of Q (Qc). These two data
sets are good examples of the multi-Ei measurement, from which we could see the whole picture of
the magnetic excitations [Fig. 1(c)] and the detailed
structure of the low-energy part [Fig. 1(d)] simultaneously.
Figures 1(e) and 1(f) show examples of measurements of a single crystal of a two-dimensional (2D)
system, La2CoO4.24, measured with Ei = 21.6 meV at
6 K. The compound has a layered perovskite structure, where spins of Co ions form 2D layers perpen-

Neutron Science of MLF 201049

dicular to the c axis. Excess oxygen atoms introduce holes on the Co layers by an amount of ~50%
per Co site; this modifies the magnetic structure aswell as the magnetic excitations. In this experiment,
the crystal was aligned so that the incident beam
was parallel to the c axis. The two-dimensionalityof the magnetic excitations allows us to project thedata on the plane perpendicular to the c axis. Accordingly, we can observe a wide region in the h–kplane on the 2D detector. Figure 1(e) shows a 2D
map of the magnetic excitations on the h–k plane at
E ~ 7 meV, and Fig. 1(f) shows the 2D map on theh–E plane at k ~ 0. We can see that the cones of thespin wave dispersions develop around (h, k) = (halfinteger, integer) or (integer, half integer).
In the case of a three-dimensional (3D) system,
the projection of the data as described above is notallowed. In order to obtain data at arbitrary Q and E
positions, one must rotate the crystal or change Ei
during the measurements so that the curved scan
trajectory covers the entire four-dimensional spaceof Q and E. We are developing data acquisition
and analysis software for such measurements, andsome measurements on 3D systems have alreadybeen performed.
3. Recent Upgrades
In parallel with the execution of the user program, we carried out several upgrades of the instrument. They are suppression of the backgroundscattering, progress in the automatic control of thesample environment, and further development of
the data analysis software.
Here we briefly describe the progress in the
suppression of the background scattering. One of
the most effective measures to suppress the background, especially in high-energy regions with Ei >~100 meV, is to reduce the very high energy neutrons as much as possible using the T0 chopper.
Though the T0 chopper was once installed in fiscal
2009, it did not work well. However, the T0 chopper was finally reinstalled and we could start thesteady operation since late 2010. Figure 2 shows
a comparison of data with and without the T0 chopper. These data are measurements of magnetic excitations in a single crystal of a mother compoundof the Fe-based superconductor BaFe2As2. In this50

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

compound, magnetic excitations from the antiferromagnetic ordering of Fe spins exist up to E > 100
meV. In the data obtained without the T0 chopper[Fig. 2(a)], the signal is severely contaminated bybackground scattering, and we can barely distinguish the magnetic excitations. On the other hand,the data obtained with the T0 chopper is clean, andwe can easily distinguish the signals [Fig. 2(b)].
Figure 3 shows another measure to reduce thebackground scattering. We installed a baffle madeof B4C resin between two detector banks [Fig. 3(a)].
It could significantly reduce the noises originatingfrom scattering inside the vacuum scattering chamber [Fig. 3(b)]. We are going to install similar baffles
between all the detector banks.

Figure 2. Excitation spectra of a single crystal of BaFe2As2
at ~10 K on the h–E plane at k = 0 ± 0.2 r.l.u. The
utilized Ei is 153 meV. (a) Without the T0 chopper.
(b) With the T0 chopper (b) [1].

(a)

(b)

Bank no. 0

1

2

3

4

5

Figure 3. (a) Baffle installed between the detector bank 0
and 1 inside the vacuum scattering chamber. (b)Detector map of a measurement with a single
crystal. The direct beam goes through bank 2. The
background level of bank 0 becomes much lower
than those of the other banks, because the baffle
blocks scattered neutrons from the right part.

References[1]	R. Kajimoto et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl., tobe published[2]	M. Ishikado et al., Phys. Rev. d 84 144517(2011).

[3]	K. Iida et al., Phys. Rev. d 84 060402(R) (2011).
[4]	M. Sato et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpnd 80 093709(2011).
[5]	M. Nakamura et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78
093002 (2009).

R. Kajimoto*, and M. Nakamura
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center*Present address: Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, CROSS

Neutron Science of MLF 201051

BL 02: The Si Crystal Analyzer Backscattering Spectrometer DNA

1. Introduction
The Si crystal analyzer backscattering spectrometer DNA was under construction at the port
BL02 in JFY 2010. Those type spectrometers cover
the area of the micro-eV energy range in the Q-E
space, where it is expected to explore sciences on
atomic, molecular and spin dynamics in the nanosecond time range.
Then scientific research fields planned to be performed with the DNA spectrometer are very wide including soft matter dynamics, bio-molecular dynamics, chemical molecular dynamics, characterizationof functional materials and spin dynamics in magnetism.
The instrumental specifications for DNA are
shown in Table 1.
This report describes mainly construction works
for the BL02 beam line in JFY 2010.

The insertion of a super mirror guide into the biological radiation shield on BL02 was done in midJuly 2010. Figure 1 shows a scene of the insertion(fig.1).
Along the guide line of BL02, many struts for
mounting super-mirror guide tubes and disk choppers were installed on the basis of a detailed survey
on beam line alignment from the mid-July to the endof August 2010 (figs.2 & 3).
From mid-August to mid-October 2010, the installation of radiation
shields for the beam line of BL02 was accomplished. (fig.4)

Table 1. Instrumental specifications of DNA.
Items
Neutron source (NS)Specification
Coupled Liquid H2 Moderator

L1 (source-sample)

42 [m]

L2 (sample-analyzer)~ 2.3 [m]Pulse sharping chopper

300Hz at ~7.5m from NS

L3 (analyzer-detector)~2.0 [m]Crystal Analyzer
Crystal and reflection index

Si(111)Bragg angle of analyzers~87.5 [deg.]

Figure 1. The insertion of a super mirror guide into the biological radiation shield on BL02.(July 16, 2010).

Si(311)
Energy resolution~1.5 [meV]: Si(111)~5 [meV]: Si(311)

Momentum range

0.07 < Q < 1.98 [Å-1]: Si(111)0.60 < Q < 3.80 [Å-1]: Si(311)

Scan energy range-25 < E < 45 [meV]:Single pulse scan around Ef-300 < E < 5100 [meV]:RRM scan in second frame(the plan as of the end of march 2011)

2. Construction Works in JFY 2010
In JFY 2010, there were following construction
works in the BL02 beam line.

52

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 2. A survey of the neutron beam line on BL02. (July 28,2010).

Figure 3. The installation of the struts for mounting supermirror guide tubes and disk chopper. (August 31,
2010).

Figure 5. The installation of radiation shields for the DNA
vacuum chamber. (February 19, 2011).

Figure 4. The installation work of radiation shield for beamline BL02. (October 12, 2010).

Figure 6. The radiation shields for the DNA vacuum chamber. (February 10, 2011).

From the end of November 2010 to the mid-February, the installation work of radiation shields for a
DNA vacuum chamber was done. (figs.5 & 6)
After the installation of the radiation shield forthe DNA vacuum chamber, some additional works
around the radiation shields were continued until
March 11, 2011. Then all construction works were
stopped for about 4 months by the earthquake.

3. Schedule in JFY 2011
The main construction of DNA will be completed
at the end of November 2011, and then the commissioning will start either off beam and on beam
for about 4 months. Some preliminary user program
will start from the mid-March 2012.
References[1] N. Takahashi, et al., Journal of Physics andChemistry of Solids 68, 2199-2203(2007).

K. Shibata1, N. Takahashi2, Y. Kawakita2, K. Kamazawa1, T. Yamada1, K. Nakajima2, Y. Inamura2, T. Nakatani2, K. Oikawa2,
W. Kambara2, T. Iwahashi2, Y. Ito2, H. Tanaka2 , K. Aizawa2, M. Arai2 , H. Nakagawa3, and S. Fujiwara3.
1
Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS); 2Materials
and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA

Neutron Science of MLF 201053

BL 03: IBARAKI Biological Crystal Diffractometer –iBIX

1. Introduction
IBARAKI biological crystal diffractometer called
iBIX is a high performance time of flight neutron
single crystal diffractometer applied to biologicalmacromolecules and organic compounds. It is designed to measure samples with cell edges up toaround 150 Å with a resolution up to 1.2 Å in caseof biological macromolecules, and a resolution up
to 0.7 Å in case of organic compounds. It should bepossible to collect a full dataset in three to four days
for a crystal of 2 mm3 in volume, and/or in about one
month for a crystal of 0.1 mm3 in volume of biological macromolecules under 1MW operation of accelerator power in J-PARC [1].
2. Status of iBIX
To realize the performance as mentioned above,
iBIX has been installed on a coupled moderator
which provides more intense peak and integrated
intensity but wider pulse shape than a decoupled
one because biological neutron crystallography is
an intensity limited technique and the pulse repetition rate of J-PARC provides an advantage of a highresolution measurement in time. To be taken prior
to the time resolution, the distance between themoderator and the sample (L1) is 40 m. The beam
divergence is optimized to ±0.2° at the sample position by the combination of specially designed guidetubes composed of super-mirrors with different reflectivity. The guide tubes have a total length of 25
m in order to achieve the requirements of crystal
cell dimension and the observable minimum dspacing [2].
iBIX requires a completely new detector system to achieve high efficiency. We developed atwo-dimensional position sensitive detector using
ZnS:Ag/10B2O3 scintillator with wavelength shift fiber system which has high spatial resolution, lessdead area, low ϒ–ray sensitivity, high counting rateand high efficiency [3]. Currently, 14 detector units
have been installed on the position to bring more

54

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

efficiency at a distance of 0.49 m from sample positions (Fig. 1). The current parameters of the detectors are as follows, sensitive area: 133 mm ×
133 mm, efficiency: 20 - 50 %, spatial resolution:
about 1 mm, counting rate: about 500 kcps and ϒ/
neutron ratio 105. The total solid angle of detectors is 9.1 % of 4π. The specifications of iBIX areshown in Table 1.
Data reduction (to extract an structure factor list
from raw data) software named “STARGazer” hasbeen developed based on ISAW (Argonne National Laboratory, USA) and available[4]. STARGazer
is composed of a data processing part and a datavisualization part. In 2010, new refinement component for UB matrix has been developed in orderto obtain more accurate integration data. In recent
experiments, the data processing for both organic
compounds and biological macromolecules has
been successfully accomplished by STARGazer.
Since the end of 2008, iBIX has been available
to users supported by Ibaraki University. In 2009,
the full data sets of several organic compounds
were obtained and the structure analyses were successfully completed. In 2010, 5 organic compounds
and 4 biological macromolecules were provided tothe diffraction experiments by using iBIX.

Two dimensional position sensitive scintillation
detector with wavelength shift fiber system
NeutronSample3-axies Goniometer

Figure 1. Diffractometer of iBIX.

Table 1. Specifications of BL03 iBIX.
Moderator

Coupled H2 para 100 × 100 mm2

Range of d-spacing

0.35 Å<d<50 ÅMax. unit cell length~150 Å

Range of wavelength

0.5 Å <λ<8 Å

Neutron flux

7 × 107 n/sec/cm2*1

Standard size of sample 1 mm3Standard measurement 0.5 days organic compounds
time
3 days biological macromolecules*2
Sample environment

Gas flow type cooling system
He: ~20 K, N2: ~90 K*1 Estimation between 0.5 Å <λ<3.9 Å when 1 MW
*2 When sample volume 2 mm3, 30 detctors and 1 MW

Figure 3. TOF diffraction pattern of RNase A after indexing.

3. Example of Experiments
We tried to collect the first TOF neutron diffraction dataset of a protein crystal by using iBIX in order to estimate the performance and characteristics
of iBIX. The selected crystal for the purpose wasribonuclease A soaked in heavy water for about 10
days (Fig.2). The crystal volume was 4.7 mm3. The
cell parameters were a=30.4 Å, b=38.6 Å, c=53.4 Å,
b=105.8o in a monoclinic form, respectively.
The measurement conditions were as follows:
the accelerator beam power: 120 kW, the pulse repetition: 25 Hz, the range of wavelengths: 1.5~4.5Å (the 1st frame), 4.2~7.5 Å (the 2nd frame), thenumber of measurement settings: 100 settings (1stframe: 67 settings, 2nd frame: 43 settings), the exposure time: 5 hours/setting (the 1st frame), 1 hour/setting (the 2nd frame), the total amount of measurement time for full dataset: 17 days. The example of TOF diffraction pattern is shown in Fig. 3.

The data reduction was carried out by using thedata processing software “STARGazer”. The data
reduction for almost all of the both frame data wasfinished and consequently HKLF list was obtained.
The completeness of Bragg reflections was 88.8 %of 1.7 Å resolution. The structure refinement was
carried out with this intensity dataset. We succeededin obtaining the reasonable structure (Fig. 4) after
structure refinement by comparing with the alreadyreported structure [5].
After the accelerator power in J-PARC reaches
1MW and the total number of detectors for iBIX becomes 30, the full dataset of standard sample RNaseA which is 1 mm3 in volume can be collected inabout 3 days. We have already decided to install
additionally the new 16 detectors and to improvethe 14 existing detectors in 2012.

1mm
Figure 2. Single crystal of RNase A.

Figure 4. A part of neutron scattering density map of RNase A.

Neutron Science of MLF 201055

References[1]	I. Tanaka, K. Kusaka, T. Hosoya, N. Niimura,T. Ohhara, K. Kurihara, T. Yamada, Y. Ohnishi,
K. Tomoyoria and T. Yokoyama Acta Cryst. D66
1194 (2009).
[2]	T. Hosoya, T. Nakamura, M. Katagiri, A.
Tirumachi,M. Ebine, K. Soyama NIMA A 600
217 (2009).
[3]	K. Kusaka,T. Ohhara, I. Tanaka, N. Niimura, T.
Ozeki, K. Kurihara, K. Aizawa, Y. Morii, M. Arai,

K. Ebagta, Y. Takano Physiva B 385-286 1062
(2006).
[4]	T. Ohhara, K. Kusaka, T. Hosoya, K. Kurihara,
K. Tomoyori, N. Niimura, I. Tanaka, J. Suzuki,
T. Nakatani, T. Otomo, S. Matsuoka, K. Tomita,
Y. Nishimaki, T. Ajima, S. Ryuuhuku NIMA 600
195 (2009).
[5]	D. Yagi, T. Yamada, K. Kurihara, Y. Ohnishi, M.
Yamashita, R. Kuroki, I. Tanaka, N. Niimura,Acta Cryst. D 65, 892 (2009).

K. Kusaka1, I. Tanaka1, T. Hosoya1, N. Niimura1, T. Ohhara2, K. Kurihara3, T. Yamada1, K. Tomoyori1, and T. Yokoyama1
Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Sciences, Ibaraki University; 2Center for Neutron Science & Technology,CROSS; 3Quantum
Beam Science Directorate, JAEA
1

56

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Recent Progress in BL04, ANNRI

1. Introduction
Accurate data of neutron-capture cross sectionsof minor actinides (MAs) and long-lived fission products (LLFPs) are required for developing innovative
nuclear systems. However, accurate measurements of these cross sections are very difficult due
to the high radioactivity of these samples. To overcome the difficulty, the Accurate Neutron-Nucleus
Reaction measurement Instrument (ANNRI) was
developed in a collaborative project of Hokkaido
University, Tokyo Institute of Technology and Japan Atomic Energy Agency. The ANNRI is locatedon beam line no. 04 of MLF at J-PARC. We havestarted measurements of MAs and LLFPs with highintensity pulsed neutrons since 2009. The Ge spectrometer and the NaI(Tl) spectrometer installed in
the ANNRI have been used for measuring neutron
capture cross sections. The progress is presented
in this report.
2. Measurements and Results
2.1 Beam Characteristics
The energy spectra and spatial distributions ofneutron beams were measured with the positionsensitive Li-glass scintillation detector at the 21.5-m
sample position[1]. The measurements were performed in the neutron energy range of 1.5 meV to
10 keV. The energy spectra show a typical featureof para-hydrogen moderator, and the absolute intensities almost agree with the prediction based on
the simulation calculation. The measured spatial
distributions of the beams are consistent with those
expected from the collimator-system design of thebeam line. The edges of the spatial distributions are
sharp. This feature is important for measuring crosssections accurately.
2.2 Prompt Gamma Rays from 93Zr
We measured the neutron capture gamma raysfrom the 110- and 225-eV resonances of 93Zr withthe large Ge-spectrometer at the ANNRI as shownin Fig. 1 [2]. The relative intensities of the primarytransitions were derived as shown in Fig. 2 [2]. We
found out that the decay pattern is quite different
between the two resonances. It is worth noting thatthe primary transitions from the p-wave 225-eV resonance state to the low-lying states of 1-, 2+ and4+ were clearly observed. The spin and parity (Jp)of the 225-eV resonance was reported as 4- by theprevious work [3]. Assuming the E1 or E2 transition
for the observed gamma rays, however, the Jp of theresonance was assigned to 3-.

Figure 1. Gamma-ray pulse-height spectra for the 110- and225-eV resonances of 93Zr. The observed primarytransitions are indicated by the arrows with symbols from a to m, respectively.

Figure 2. T he relative intensities of primary transitions forthe 110- and 225-eV resonances of 93Zr. The energy, spin and parity of each final state are also
indicated.

Neutron Science of MLF 201057

2.3 An Example of the Measurements with the
NaI(Tl) Spectrometer
The neutron capture cross section of 99Tc wasmeasured with the NaI(Tl) spectrometer. The 99Tc
sample was metal 99Tc cased in an aluminum disk
container with inner diameter of 6.3 mm and inner
thickness of 0.28 mm. The amount of 99Tc was 78
mg. The sample was placed in continuous heliumgas flow through a beam duct made of carbon fiber. The gamma-rays emitted from the sample were
measured with the NaI(Tl) spectrometer. Measurements were made for the 99Tc sample and an aluminum dummy container. The pulse height and TOF
of each event was measured with a multi-stop timeto-digital converter and recorded in list format data
files for offline data analysis. The obtained capture
cross section of 99Tc is shown in Fig. 3.

3. Summary
The neutron capture cross sections have beenmeasured using the Ge and NaI spectrometers installed in the ANNRI. The neutron beam characteristics have also been measured in detail. From Feb.
2012, the ANNRI will be open for researchers under
the MLF user program in the fields of nuclear data,nuclear astrophysics and quantitative analysis.
References[1]	K. Kino, M. Furusaka, et al., Nucl. Instrum.
Methods. Phys. Res. A, 626, 58-66, (2011).
[2]	J. Hori, et al., Proc. of the Korean Nuclear Society, Spring Meeting, Taebaek, Korea, May 2527 p.127-128 (2011). [CD-ROM][3]	R. L. Macklin, J. A. Harvey, N. W. Hill, Nucl. Sci.
Eng., 92 525 (1986).

Figure 3. Neutron capture cross section of 99Tc.

A. Kimura1, M. Furusaka2, K. Furutaka1, H. Harada1, J. Hori3, M. Igashira4, T. Kamiyama2, T. Katabuchi4, T. Kin1, K. Kino2,
F. Kitatani1, Y. Kiyanagi2, M. Koizumi1, M. Mizumoto4, S. Nakamura1, M. Oshima1, and Y. Toh1
1
Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA; 2Hokkaido University; 3Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University;
4
Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology;

58

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Studies of Neutron Optics for Physics Researches

1. Introduction
Neutron optics is a powerful tool to increase theutilization efficacy of neutrons to enhance the sensitivity in fundamental physics and material researches. A neutron beamline “Neutron Optics and Physics (NOP)” has been constructed at the port BL05of the Materials and Life-science research Facility(MLF) of the J-PARC[1]. It is under commissioning for the study of neutron optics and fundamental
physics.
Applications of developed optical devices to material researches are also in progress.
The BL05 beamline views the coupled moderator.
A shutter and a biological shield are located in theregions of L=2.3-4.3 m and L=4.3-7.2 m, respectively, where L is the distance from the moderator.
Supermirrors of m=2 with a cross section of 100 mm
× 110 mm are installed in the shutter and biologicalshields are transporting neutrons into the inlet of thebeam benders. A pre-position shield covers a regionof L=7.2-12 m. The beam benders are installed in
the void space inside the pre-position shield withheight and width of 2 m and 1 m, respectively. The
benders with curvature radii of approximately 100 m
distribute cold neutrons into three beam branches:
the low-divergence beam branch, unpolarized beam
branch and polarized beam branch. The interiorsof beam benders are filled with helium gas. Fastneutrons are absorbed in the beam dump placedin the region of L=12-16 m. The bent neutrons aretransported into beam holes penetrating the beam
dump and measuring approximately 15 cm × 15 cm.
The configuration of the NOP beamline is shown in
Fig.1.
2. Low-Divergence Beam Branch
The low-divergence beam branch is designed
for the multilayer neutron interferometry. Two supermirrors of m=3 are installed to transport neutrons
slower than 1.2 × 103 m s−1 with the density of 1.8
× 106 cm−2 µsr−1 s−1 MW−1. A multilayer interferom-

Figure 1. Schematic view of the configuration of the NOP
beamline for study of neutron optics and fundamental physics at the beam port BL05.

eter with spatially separated paths was successfully
demonstrated for the steady beam from the reactor
neutron source[2].
Further development to accept the pulsed beam
is in progress. Additionally, an extension to the energy region of the very-cold neutrons (VCN) is alsoin progress. A possibility of unknown medium-range
force searches is under discussion[3,4] in the VCN
interferometry.
This beam branch was applied as the test port
for the MIEZE (modulated intensity by zero effort)-type spin echo and also for the study of specularityof the neutron reflection on the surface of neutron
mirrors[5]. The installation of the MIEZE-type spinecho at the J-PARC is in progress at port BL06.
3. Polarized Beam Branch
The polarized beam branch is designed for the
study of neutron decay. A multichannel magnetic supermirror bender with m=2.8 is installed to provide
polarized neutrons. The length of the bender is 4.5
m and the cross section is 10 cm × 4 cm. The bent
neutrons are designed to be transported by an m=2
straight guide in the region of L=12-16 m, which has
not been installed yet. After the completion of theadditional guide installation and alignment, the flux

Neutron Science of MLF 201059

of 4.0 × 108 cm−2 s−1 MW−1 and polarization of 99.8%
can be obtained for the neutron energy of larger
than 1.5 meV[6,7]. Currently a measurement of theneutron lifetime is under development.
We measure the decay rate by counting decayed
electrons using a time projection chamber (TPC).
The detection gas contains the diluted 3He and theincident neutron number is measured by counting
the protons produced through the 3He(n,p)3H reaction. To reduce the background events efficiently,
we developed a spin flip chopper (SFC)[8]. Fig.2
shows the experimental setup at the beginning of
the R&D phase of the SFC and TPC. The developed SFC and a TPC are currently at the commissioning phase.

time-focusing of ultracold neutrons (UCNs) is inpreparation at the unpolarized beam branch[9]. The
time-focusing can be applied as an efficient transport of pulsed UCNs, which is proposed for themeasurement of neutron electric dipole moment
at J-PARC. We have successfully produced ultra
cold neutrons (UCN) for the principle-proof experiment[10]. The very cold neutrons contained in thecold neutron beam are converted to UCN by the
Doppler shift on the reflection by a moving mirror.
The Doppler shifter is shown in Fig.3. It is designed
to decelerate the v~140 m s−1 neutrons to UCNs
with the multilayer mirror, which has the m-value of
m=10.
A moving multilayer mirror of m=10 is installed toconvert very cold neutrons (v~ 140 m s−1) to ultracold neutrons by the Doppler shift.
Acknowledgement
This work was partially supported by the Creative Scientific Research Grant (no.19GS0210) of
the Japan Society for Promotion of Science and theS-type Research Program (no.2009S03) of the Institute of Material Structure Science of KEK.

Figure 2. Installation of a spin flip chopper for the measurement of neutron lifetime at the polarized beam
branch of the NOP beamline.

4. Unpolarized Beam Branch
The unpolarized beam branch is designed to beversatile. A measurement of angular distribution of
scattering cross section is planned to search unknown medium range interactions between neutrons and neutral atoms. A five-channel supermirror
bender is installed to bend neutrons upward with acurvature radius of 100 m. The length of the benderis 4 m and the cross section is 5 cm × 4 cm. The bent
neutrons are designed to be transported by an m=2
straight guide in the region of L=12-16 m, which has
not been installed yet. A neutron flux of 1.2 × 109
cm−2 s−1 MW−1 is expected after the completion of
the additional guide installation and alignment.
Currently, a principle-proof experiment of the60

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 3. D oppler shifter installed at the unpolarized beam
branch of the NOP beamline for the study of neutron optics and fundamental physics at the beam
port BL05.

References[1]	K. Mishima et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. A600 342 (2009).
[2]	Y. Seki et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 124201(2010).
[3]	V.Gudkov, G.L.Greene, H.M.Shimizu, Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A611 153 (2009).
[4]	V.Gudkov, H.M.Shimizu, G.L.Greene, Phys.
Rev. C 83 025501 (2011).

[5]	M.Kitaguchi et al., Physica B 406 2470 (2011).
[6]	T.Ino et al., Physica B 406 2424 (2011).
[7]	Y.Arimoto et al., Physica B 406 2439 (2011).
[8]	K.Taketani et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys.
Res. A634 134 (2011).
[9]	H. M. Shimizu et al., Nucl. Instrum. Methods
Phys. Res. A634 25 (2011).
[10]	S.Imajo, Master thesis, Faculty of Science,
Kyoto University, Mar. 2011.

Y.Arimoto1, N.Higashi1, T.Ino1, K.Mishima1, T.Morishima1, S.Muto1, H.M.Shimizu1,6,8, K.Taketani1, N.L.Yamada1,
T.Yoshioka1,A, T.Shima2, H.Funahashi3, M.Hino4, M.Kitaguchi4, Y.Iwashita5, M.Yamada5, S.Imajo6, K.Asahi7, K.Hirota8,
Y.Otake8, Y.Seki8, A.Yoshimi8, H.Oide9, H.Otono9, S.Yamashita9, and K.Sakai10
1High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); 2Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University; 3Institute for the Promotionof Excellence in Higher Education, Kyoto University; 4Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 5Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto
University; 6Faculty of Science, Kyoto University; 7Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 8RIKEN; 9International Center for
Elementary Particle Physics, University of Tokyo; 10Japan Atomic Energy Agency; AFaculty of Science, Kyushu University

Neutron Science of MLF 201061

BL 08: Super High Resolution Neutron Powder
Diffractometer SuperHRPD

1. Introduction
The goals of the NPD (Neutron Powder Diffraction) project at J-PARC/MLF are to 1) explore thescience regions not accessible with existing NPD,
plunge into 2) real time studies and in situ studies,3) high throughput measurements and analyticaluse of NPD, and develop 4) dedicated NPD’s [1,2].
While 2) – 4) will be the goals of the MLF powder
diffractometers, NOVA, iMATERIA, PLANET and
SPICA, 1) is the goal of SuperHRPD. Our work wasinterrupted by the earthquake, but here we reporton our activity before the earthquake.
1) is only possible with the highest resolution
without sacrificing intensity. Although the ultimate
instrumental resolution at the highest scattering angle is evaluated with a Si single crystal to be Δd/d =0.035%, the use of recycled one-dimensional He-3
detectors limits the best resolution as 0.06% evenwith a limited detector area and a slender type ofsample holder (3 mm in diameter). In low beam
power, large amount of powder sample and largesolid angle are practically necessary which resulted
in ordinary resolution of 0.1% in 2010. In November
2010, the neutron beam power reached 200 kW, implying that our goal should be pursued with continuously improving resolution. With the use of the best
resolution, we have been planning to a) conduct a
study on the structural physics in strongly correlated
electron systems especially in the system where lattice – charge or lattice - spin interactions are dominant and small distortion within 0.001 – 0.01 Å is
expected, and b) conduct a study on the structural
physics with multiple competitive interactions where
various phases are expected under changing sample environments, c) do structural studies on newly
synthesized materials such as superionic conductors, superconductors, organic-inorganic hybrid
structures, supramolecule, pharmaceutical, andother inorganic/organic compounds with large unit
cells. We are doing a) and c) now and have reported
the results elsewhere.

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Neutron Science of MLF 2010

2. Present Status
The new SuperHRPD can be installed with at
most 1500 one-dimensional 3He position-sensitive
detectors (PSDs) of 1/2 inch in diameter, but presently 384 PSD’s (80 % of total), 288 (50 %) and 144(30 %) in the backward bank, 90 degrees bank, andlow-angle bank, respectively. In near future, highresolution detectors will be installed at the high angle side in the backward detectors bank. We haverepeated commissioning carefully until we achieved
reliable structural analyses [2 - 4].

Figure 1. The Rietveld analysis patterns of CeO2 for threebanks: backward, 90°, low angle banks.

For all data from the three banks, Rietveld analyses were successfully carried out using a newly developed code, Z-Rietveld. For the standard Silicon
of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), the values of chi**2 and atomic displacement parameters obtained from Z-Rietveld are satisfactory: 2.03 and 0.46, 1.14 and 0.47, 1.12 and0.76 for backward, 90° and low angle bank, respectively. Similar quality of analysis was obtained forother samples and the results were reasonable. Fig.
1 is the Rietveld fitting patterns of CeO2 for threebanks data [2 - 4].
3. User Programs
In the fiscal year of 2010, 24 general user proposals were submitted (18 in JFY 2009), and all
proposals were approved (15 in JFY 2009). Morethan 40 % of the available beamtime was supplied
to the general user program and the rest mainly to
instrumental group use, and partially to the projectuse. Three general proposals could not be carriedout due to the earthquake.
Beam times for instrumentation were primarily
used for instrument maintenance including updating calibration data, establishment of the reliable
structural analysis using three banks, and developments of sample environments. It was also used forthe resolution studies and moderator performancestudies described below.
4. Moderator and Pulse Shape Study
SuperHRPD is looking at a high-resolution poisoned decoupled hydrogen moderator (thin side),developed by the MLF moderator group. In order toattain narrow and symmetrical pulse shape in thewide energy range, several moderator parameters
were chosen in 2002: the poisoning material (Cd),the poisoning position (20 mm), poisoning thickness (1.25 mm considering decrease in thickness
on operation), AIC decoupler (decoupling energy of
1 eV) to reduce pulse tail in short wavelength region
compared with Cd (0.4 eV). After continuous R & D
by the MLF moderator group, they developed a highresolution moderator [2, 5, 6]. Detailed comparison
between designed performance and experimental
results were carried out for the first time.
Bragg spots of a silicon single crystal were mea-

Figure 2. The comparison of Bragg peak profiles between
experiments and McStas simulation calculated
from Silver-Indium-Cadmium (AIC) alloy data. The
solid line is observed data and marks are simulation from AIC data.

sured with beam size of 10 mm × 10 mm. Bragg
spot size was 38 mm (corresponding to three
PSD’s) × 30 mm (height) at the backward bank. Incident horizontal beam divergence was 0.3 mrad.
AIC data used for the present McStas calculation
was the same as before [5, 6] and Cd data was
supplied by M. Harada. The detector pixel size forcalculation was 12.7 mm × 10 mm. The results areshown in Figure 2 and 3. As shown in Figure 2, theBragg peak profile shapes of the 400, 800 and 1600
reflections calculated from AIC data agree with experimental data in two order of magnitude.
Figure 3 shows the comparison of Bragg peak
shapes between observed and calculated fromboth AIC and Cd data. Using Cd data, the resolution worsens to 0.043 %. It was confirmed by thepresent study that the world highest resolution was
accomplished by the use of the AIC decoupler.
5. Application
Towards the goal of SuperHRPD, several experiments have been proposed and some of them werealready done.
One of the topics a) described in the introduction section is the long period spin structure seen in

Neutron Science of MLF 201063

BiFeO3. Figure 4 shows the reported magnetic satellite peaks using a single crystal by Julia HerreroAlbillos et al. When we use a single crystal sample,
all peaks are separated and it is easy to get high-resolution. The period of the spin cycloid structureis about 625 Å on this compound. When the same
peak is measured using a conventional neutron
powder diffractometer, it is almost impossible to see
the split peaks.
The left hand panel in Fig. 5 is taken at HERMES
diffractometer at JRR-3. This difractometer is a highintensity and medium-resolution machine. We cansee only one peak at (1/2 1/2 1/2)c position, whichcorresponds to the G-type magnetic structure. On
the other hand, the data taken with SuperHRPD
clearly shows the split peaks as shown at the rightpanel of Fig. 5. Then, we can measure the peak positions as a function of the composition x of mixed
sample between BiFeO3 and BaTiO3 [8].
In the 4d metal system, distortion has rarely
been detected so far. We planned to detect tiny distortion in 4d metal system such as SrRuO3 at thephase transition observed by the resistivity mea-

Figure 3. The comparison of Bragg peak shapes between
observed and AIC simulation (top left, calculated
resolution of 0.034 %), Cd simulation (top right,
0.043 %), and the comparison between AIC andCd (rest) simulation. It is confirmed that the highest resolution was accomplished by the use of the
AIC decoupler.

Figure 4. Magnetic satellite peaks of BiFeO3 using single
crystal after Julia Herrero-Albillos [7]. Indices of
the top profile are (1/2 1/2 1/2)c±(δ, -δ, 0).

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Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 5. Magnetic peaks of (1-x)BFO-xBTO (x = 0.1) atroom temperature using HERMES(top) andSuperHRPD(medium).

surements. The SrRuO3 is the only ferromagnet in
4d perovskites. Our high resolution experiments revealed unusual temperature dependence of Ru-O
bonds which may be a key to explain the uniqueferromagnetism in the system [9].

Table I. Instrumental parameters of SuperHRPD.
Moderator

Poisoned decoupled hydrogenmoderator

Primary flight path L1

94.2 mCurved guide31.245 m (m = 3, r = 5 km)

Straight guide51.4 m (m = 3)

Position for disk choppers 7.1 m (single), 12.75 m (double)
backward bank2θ

150º ≤ 2θ ≤ 175º

L22.0 - 2.3 m

d-range

0.3 - 4.0 Å

Resolution ∆d/d

0.03 - 0.15 %90 degree bank2θ

60º ≤ 2θ ≤ 120ºL2

2.0 - 2.3 m

d-range

0.4 - 7.5 Å

Resolution ∆d/d

0.4 - 0.7 %low-angle bank2θ

10º ≤ 2θ ≤ 40º

L2

2.0 - 4.5 m

d-range

0.6 - 45 Å

Resolution ∆d/d

0.7 - 3.0 %L2 is the scattered flight path.

The structure and its relation to the piezoelectric properties of the lead-free ferroelectric material(Bi0.5K0.5)TiO3 - BiFeO3 were studies by SuperHRPD
and showed that the structural phase boundary fromrhombohedral to pseudocubic structures exists in aferroelectric phase at 0.4 < x < 0.43. It is this point (x =0.4) that the piezoelectric properties are superior [10].
Reference[1]	T. Kamiyama and K. Oikawa, ICANS-XVI, 309314 (2003).
[2]	S. Torii et al., MLF Report (2009)[3]	S. Torii et al., J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) accepted.
[4]	Panca et al., Journal of Material Science, Proc.
of ICMST(Jakarta, 2010)[5]	M. Harada, et al., Proc. ICANS-XVI, 697-706(2003).
[6]	M. Harada, et al., Proc. ICANS-XVI, 677-687(2003).
[7]	Julia Herrero-Albillos, et al., J. Phys: Condens.
Matter 22, 256001 (2010).
[8]	R. Kiyanagi et al., submitted.
[9]	J-G Park, et al., submitted.
[10]	H. Matsuo, Y. Noguchi et al., J. Appl. Phys. 108,
104103 (2010).

T. Kamiyama1, S. Torii1, J. Zhang1, M. Yonemura1, T. Panca1, M. Ping1, T. Muroya1, R. Tomiyasu1, Y. Noda2, R. Kiyanagi2,
K. Mori3, J-G Park4, R. Kanno5, Y. Idemoto6, T. Kiyotani7, and C-H. Lee8
1
Institute of Materials Structure Science & J-PARC center, KEK; 2Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku
University; 3Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 4Department of Physics & Astronomy, Seoul National University; 5Interdisciplinary
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology; 6Faculty of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science;
7
The Instrument Analysis Equipment Research Center, Showa Pharmaceutical University; 8Energy Technology Research Institute, National
Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

Neutron Science of MLF 201065

BL 09: Special Environment Neutron Powder
Diffractometer SPICA

1. Introduction
A new neutron powder diffractometer, SPICA, atthe ninth beamline (BL09) has been designed for the
study of materials under special environments, suchas battery research. Lithium ion batteries (LIB) arepromising power sources for devices such as cell
phones and laptop computers because of the highenergy density. If the power capability could be improved, new applications such as a battery for electrical vehicles (EV) will spread out. In order to improve or innovate the battery characteristics, it would
be very important to clarify the structure in materialsof the electrodes (i.e., cathode and anode) and theirsolid electrolyte interface at an atomic level and thisinformation will become a technological lodestar.
2. Design Concept of SPICA
The design concept of SPICA is to investigate
the atom configuration of materials under special
environments. In order to measure precisely theatom location or the change in the atomic configuration under special environments, SPICA was designed to have high resolution and high intensity.
Therefore, the BL09 beamline for SPICA views thedecoupled-poisoned moderator. Moreover, SPICA
will be set with the flight path of L1 = 52 m, whichis the distance from the moderator to the sample
position. The neutron guide was designed to keep
the high intensity at the sample position. A highperformance focusing system with an elliptic supermirror was adopted to suppress the diffuse intensity. According to the preliminary simulation of theneutron guide, the elliptic guide shows an excellent
performance over a wide range of wavelengths, inparticular at short wavelength. Since in the beamline we have three disk choppers and one T0 chopper, the neutron guide is divided into nine sections.
The flight path of 52 m from the moderator to thesample position means that SPICA is located outside of the main hall of the Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF). Then we constructed an annex

66

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

experiment building for SPICA, as shown in Figs.1
and 2. The experiment building with about the sizeof 12(w) × 32(l) × 10(h) meters was designed to consist of two areas, that is, an experiment room andexperimental preparation room.
SPICA consists of three detector banks that are
the backward detector bank (150-175º), the multipurpose detector bank (13-140º) and the forward (small
angle) detector bank (1-25º), as shown in Fig. 3. The
distance L2 from the sample to the detectors is about
2 m for all banks. The backward detector bank is used
specifically to perform the high-resolution measurement of lattice parameters caused by reducing the
cotqDq contribution to the overall resolution. To cover
this large detector area, about 1500 one-dimensional 3He position-sensitive detectors (PSD’s: 64 cm inlength x half inch in diameter) will be used.

Figure 1. The ground plan of BL09 and the cross-section
drawing of the experiment building for SPICA.

Figure 2. The view of the experiment building of BL09 (SPICA).

than 1% when placing blades made of B4C resin in
the chamber as dense as possible. The contamination is seen on the TOF spectrum as continuous
backgrounds between diffraction peaks. The air
scattering chamber with the blades is acceptable
for the multipurpose detector bank of SPICA diffractometer. A partially schematic perspective view of
SPICA is shown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 5, an example ofradiation calculation of SPICA is shown.

Figure 3. Three detector banks (blue: backward detectorbank of 150-175º, yellow: multipurpose detectorbank of 13-140º, green: forward detector bank of
1-25º) of SPICA.

The wide angle detector system with the backward detector bank, the multipurpose detector bankand the forward detector bank allows us to measure the diffraction data in the wide scattering vector
Q range or the wide lattice space d range．More
importantly, an in-situ observation of the atomic
structure can be carried out under various special
conditions. Therefore, all detectors of the threebanks play an important role to detect tiny change
and time-dependent change in the structure of thecharging/discharging process of the battery.
In order to fulfill the role and aim of the detectorbanks, the chamber of the backward detector bankis evacuated for the high-resolution measurement on
lattice space and the chamber of the forward detector bank is also evacuated to reduce the backgroundcaused by the downstream neutron beam. In contrast, the multipurpose detector bank has air scattering chambers in order to make it a snap to handle thevarious specialized equipment around the sample.
Kino et al. have reported loss of neutrons andcontamination of scattered neutrons obtained bynumerical calculation and simulation to materialize
the air scattering chamber [1]. The loss of neutrons
is 6 to 11 % although it is almost double comparedto that of the vacuum scattering chamber. The contamination of the scattered neutrons by air is lessFigure 4. Partially schematic perspective view of SPICA.

Figure 5. An example of radiation calculation of SPICA.

Reference[1]	K. Kino, K. Mori, M. Yonemura, S. Torii, M.
Kawai, T. Fukunaga, T. Kamiyama, J. Phys.
Soc. Jpn. 80 (2011) accepted.

K. Mori1, M. Yonemura2, T. Kamiyama2, S. Torii2, K. Kino2, M. Kawai2, and T. Fukunaga1
1Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science & J-PARC center, KEK;

Neutron Science of MLF 201067

BL 10: NOBORU

1. Overview
NOBORU [1,2], “Neutron Beam- line for Observation and Research Use”, is a versatile neutron instrument, which can serve as a test beam port. Beamtimes for the instrument group use were devoted forneutron source characterization and commissioningof newly installed devices. Three project use experiments, i.e., R&D on energy-selective imaging led by
Dr. Matsubayashi of JAEA, R&D on neutron detectors and optical devices by Dr. J. Suzuki of JAEA,
and Time-Of-Flight (TOF) -type prompt gamma-ray
analysis by Dr. Y. Kasugai of JAEA were conducted.
In addition, NOBORU welcomed four and five general use experiments in the first and second halvesof JFY 2010, respectively. Industry people proposed
three of nine general use experiments.
Energy-selective imaging with a pulsed neutron beam is one of the important experiments at
NOBORU. As described later, we upgraded a rotarycollimator, and newly installed a neutron filter device
for this purpose. Bragg edge imaging, resonanceabsorption imaging and magnetic field imaging arepromising techniques in the energy-selective imaging, and the test results are described in other sections in this report.
Many types of 2-D neutron detectors and cameras were tested to demonstrate their performance interms of spatial resolution, temporal resolution, uniformity and high-counting rate capability. For example, amicro pixel chamber detector (µ-PIC), developed by
Prof. T. Tanimori of Kyoto University, achieved spatial
resolution of 400 µm and temporal resolution of several µs with a 10 cm square detector. Dr. T. Nakamura
of JAEA confirmed a proper operation of a large area
(256 × 256 mm) scintillation detector with a pixel sizeof 4 mm to be used for the SENJU instrument (BL18)
as described elsewhere in this report.
As for optical devices, for example, R&Ds on highperformance aspheric supermirrors for neutron focusing, a new slit package for Fermi choppers in which
neutron supermirrors are coated, and a He-3 spin filter

68

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 1. Dr. A. Tremsin of UC Berkeley is assembling his
multi-channel-plate type 2-D detector for imaging
experiment.

based on the spin exchange optical pumping (SEOP)
method to polarize neutrons were conducted by Drs.
D. Yamazaki, M. Nakamura and H. Kira of all JAEA,
respectively. In December 2010, Dr. H. Kira wasawarded an encouraging prize by the Japanese Society for Neutron Science as a representative of the
He-3 spin filter development team. The details of thethree topics are described elsewhere in this report.
A workshop on “JAEA Project Researches at
J-PARC/MLF” to discuss the research activities at
BL04 and BL10 was held on October 28, 2010. The
status of the instruments and the recent results werereported, and presentation materials were compiled
during the proceedings [3].
2. Upgrade & Installation of Devices
NOBORU is equipped with a rotary collimator atabout the middle of the beamline (L= 8 m) to makevarious pinhole geometries. Four collimation sizes,
Open, Large, Middle and Small as explained in Table
1, are selectable to change the so-called collimator
ratio (L/D) for imaging experiments. We found in 2009that the neutron beam could be collimated with maintaining good signal to noise ratio even if the Small size
was selected. To further collimate the neutron beam
for higher L/D ratio, in JFY 2010, the Middle size col-

limator was replaced with the Tiny one (see Table 1).
Figure 2 compares neutron transmission imagesof a watch measured by neutron image plates withtwo collimator conditions, Small (L/D = 600) andTiny (L/D = 1,875). The watch was set at 100 mm
upstream to the image plate. It is obvious from Fig.
2 that very fine structures of the watch such as athread and cog for the Tiny case are depicted muchclearer than that for the Small case.
When a detector is exposed by the direct beam,such situation often occurs in imaging experiment,
the neutron beam and gamma-flash are sometimes
too intense to the detector. To mitigate the situation,a remote-controlled filter device was introducedin the beamline (see Fig. 3). A 6-mm-thick acrylic
resin plate and a 1-mm-thick borosilicate glass areused to attenuate epi-thermal neutrons and cold
neutrons, respectively. The lead metal and bismuth
single crystal plates attenuate the gamma-flash.
Figure 4 indicates reduction of neutron flux intensity
behind the filters deduced by calculations.

Figure 2. Comparison of neutron trans-mission images of awatch measured with the collimator conditions Small& Tiny (top: whole view, bottom: expanded view).

Figure 3. Beam controlling devices in the beamline (left) anda close view of the filter device (right).

Figure 4. Reduction of neutron flux intensity behind the various filters.

3. The Best Pulsed Neutron Imaging Instrumentin the WorldDue to the upgrading efforts, NOBORU is now
the best pulsed neutron imaging instrument in theworld as as shown below:•	Good energy resolution (∆t/t: 0.3%) due to theshort pulsed source and the decoupled moderator•	Wide band width up to 9 Å due to the short L1(14 m) and long pulse interval (40 ms/25 Hz)•	Intense cold neutron flux (4.8 × 107 n/s·cm2 at 1
MW)•	Variable and high collimator ratio (L/D = 140,
190, 600, 1,875)•	Small beam divergence due to neutron guideless beam-line design•	Epi-thermal and fast neutrons, and even gamma-rays available•	Large field of view (100 × 100 mm2), the largest
in MLF•	High n/g ratio by the TOF separation•	Versatile experimental space of 2.5 (W) × 3.5 (L)× 3.0 (H) m3 to introduce various experimental
setups•	Strong radiation shield to accept large samples
The experiences with imaging techniques accumulated so far at NOBORU are now utilized fordesign of a forthcoming new instrument dedicatedfor imaging at J-PARC/MLF.

Neutron Science of MLF 201069

Table 1. Selectable collimation sizes, L/D ratios and collimation areas of the rotary collimator.

Diminutive

Size [mm]

L/D Ratio

Collimation Area [mm2]Open

100.0 × 100.0

140

10,000Large

31.6 × 31.6

190

1,000

Middle17.8 × 17.8

337

300

Small

10.0 × 10.0

600

100

Tiny

3.2 × 3.2

1,875

10

References[1]	K. Oikawa, F. Maekawa, M. Harada, T. Kai, et al.,Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 589 310 (2008).
[2]	F. Maekawa, K. Oikawa, M. Harada, T. Kai, et al.,F. Maekawa, M. Harada, K. Oikawa, M. Ooi, and T. Kai
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center70

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Remarks

dismantled
newly introduced

Nucl. Instr. Meth., A 600 335 (2009).
[3]	R. Kajimoto, F. Maekawa, H. Arima, et al. (Ed.),
JAEA-Review 2011-014 (2011, in Japanese).

BL 11: High Pressure Neutron Diffractometer PLANETPLANET is a powder diffractometer specificallydesigned for high-pressure use, which is now being constructed at BL11 in MLF/J-PARC. The purpose of the beamline is to study the effects of thewater on the static and dynamic structures of the
Earth. By employing diffraction and radiography
techniques, we can reveal the microscopic andmacroscopic structures of the hydrogen-bearing
materials, such as hydrous minerals and magma,
at the condition relevant to the Earth’s upper mantle(~20GPa, ~3000K). In 2008, we finished the granddesign, and started construction in 2009.
This year, we installed all the optical devices
scheduled for the upper stream part, such as collimators, supermirror guides, two disc choppers, andtwo 4D-slits, and constructed the control cabin witha sample preparation area (Fig. 1).
We also installed the interlock system for theradiological safety and received the first beam on
March 8, 2011. The obtained 2D image is shown in
Fig. 2. The beam distribution agrees well with theone predicted by the ray-tracing simulation.
Together with the installation, we manufactured
the large press, detector banks and hardware fordata acquisition. Among them, the high-pressurepress is a key device to determine the success of
this beamline. This year, we made a big change inits design. So far, we plan to install the combinational DIA-type multi-anvil apparatus which is widelyused in synchrotron facilities in Japan. In this system, six anvils are synchronously proceeded by
guide blocks, but these blocks severely restrict the
opening angles. In synchrotron x-ray diffraction, thisdoes not matter due to the sufficiently large beamflux. However, it becomes a big disadvantage inneutron diffraction because the detection efficiency
is usually gained by increasing the detector covering solid angle against the insufficient flux of neutron source. So, we decided to employ the recently
invented 6-ram, 6-axis multi-anvil press.
Figure 3 shows the new press to be installed in

Figure 1. PLANET and the control cabin.

Figure 2. Beam distribution at the down stream of the sample position (To check the resolution, the beam ispartially masked by a figure).

BL11. It’s called “ATSU-HIME(圧姫)” meaning “highpressure princess” in Japanese. The press has
six independently controlled hydraulic rams (max.
load is 500 ton per axis), and each ram is regulated
so that the difference between their strokes is kept
within 10mm. The independent nature of each ram
also enables the deformation experiments at highPT conditions. The non-use of the guide blocks offers wide scattering angles of 2θ = 90±14° as well
as a closer approach of the radial collimator to thesample, which eliminates the background fromsample surrounding materials.
As already described, we received the first beamand held the celebration ceremony on March 11,
2011(Fig. 4). While waiting for the neutron beams
offered that evening, the Great East Japan Earthquake hit the J-PARC. Fortunately, everyone evacuated safely and the damage to PLANET is insignificant. We will finish the recovery and the construction in 2011, and start the commissioning in 2012.

Neutron Science of MLF 201071

Figure 3. Overview (left) and the center part(right) of the
6-axis multianvil press “ATSU-HIME”

Figure 4. Photo at the first beam ceremony, taken just before the big earthquake.

This project is supported by Grant-in-Aid for Creative Scientific Research (19GS0205) from the Japan Society for Promotion of Science and Grant-in-

Aid for Scientific Research on Innovative Areas (No.
20103001) from the Ministry of Education, Culture,
Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) of Japan.

T. Hattori1, 2, H. Arima2, A. Sano1, 2, W. Utsumi1, 2, H. Kagi3, and T. Yagi4
1
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Graduate School of Science, The Universityof Tokyo; 4The Institute of Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo

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Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Performance of High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer(HRC)

2. Performance of HRC
To evaluate the HRC performance, a monochromatic neutron beam with the Fermi chopper or awhite neutron beam without the Fermi chopper wasincident on the vanadium standard sample, and thescattered neutrons were observed at the array of
128 position sensitive detectors (PSDs) located atscattering angles between 3° and 40°. The neutron
intensities at the PSD array for the white beam areplotted in Fig. 1(a). The observed intensities werein good agreement with the calculations in the absolute values within a factor. Figure 1(b) shows theelastic scattering energy spectrum for the incident
neutron energy of Ei = 203 meV with the optimum
chopper at 600 Hz, which provides roughly the optimum condition Dtch = Dtm, where Dtch is the chopper
open time and Dtm is the pulse width, as a functionof the energy transfer. The solid line is a calculated
curve without any adjustable parameters. The energy resolution obtained from the observed energy
width was DE = 5.2 meV, i.e., DE/Ei = 2.5%. The
observed neutron intensities for monochromaticand white beams agreed with the calculations in absolute values, it was also confirmed that DE/Ei =2.5% in the energy resolution, as designed for the
optimum condition.
The T0 chopper is a key device to reduce background noise originating from high energy neutrons
emitted during neutron production at time zero. Figure 2(a) shows the TOF spectrum at the PSD array from the standard vanadium sample with the T0
chopper running at 100 Hz, and with the T0 chopper off. The Fermi chopper was operated at 600 Hz.

4

IPSD (n/s/meV@120kW)

10

(a)
3

10

obs

2

10

calc

1

10

0

10

1

10
100
Ei (meV)

4

1000

(b)
INTENISTY (n/s/meV)

1. Introduction
The High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer(HRC) was installed at the BL12 beamline at MLF
to study dynamics in materials in a wide energy momentum space with high resolutions and relatively
high-energy neutrons. HRC has been almost completed and we evaluated its performance [1,2].

3

obs
calc

2
1
0
-40

-20

0
E (meV)

20

40

Figure 1. Neutron intensities at the PSD array for white neutron beam (a) and for Ei = 203 meV (b). The dip in(a) is caused by the operation of the T0 chopper.

Since the slit width of the Fermi chopper is coarse,
the neutron beam passes through the Fermi chopper every half turn, causing the appearance of manypeaks. The neutron energy of the peak at TOF =2000 ms corresponds to 0.5 eV. We successfully
reduced the background noise at neutron energies
near 0.5 eV by two orders of magnitude. Figure 2(b)shows the T0 chopper transmission observed withthe white beam for the standard sample. We confirmed that the transmission recovers below 2.5 eV
at 100 Hz, as designed. The energy for 50% transmission at 100 Hz is 10 eV, then, eV neutrons canbe utilized with a slight reduction in intensities.
3. Observation of Excitations
After confirming the performance of HRC, we
measured the magnetic excitations in the one-

Neutron Science of MLF 201073

5

INTENSITY (arb.units)

10

(a)

4

10

3

OFF

10

2

10

1

10

0

10

ON (100Hz)
0

2000

1.5

4000 6000
TOF (µs)

(b)

2.5eV
TRANSMISSION

8000

1.0

0.5

0.0
0

1000

2000 3000
TOF (µs)

below TC = 291 K. The dispersion of ferromagnetic
magnons in the energy momentum space exhibitsa parabolic surface whose apex is on the reciprocallattice point. Scattering intensities were observedon the ring crossing between the scanning surfaceof the detectors and the parabolic dispersion surface. The ring shown in Fig. 4 includes magnons.
Phonons also exist in the same position, so magnons could be separated by comparing the data at
300 K.
4. Summary
The construction of HRC has been almost completed. We confirmed that, under limited conditions,the neutron intensity and the energy resolution werein good agreement with the design values. Also, we
verified the data analysis process by visualizing excitations in 1D and 3D single-crystal magnetic systems.

4000

Figure 2. Background noise reduction for a monochromatic beam (a): TOF spectra with operating the T0
chopper at 100 Hz (ON) and without operation(OFF). Transmission at 100 Hz measured with awhite beam (b).

74

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 3. Excitation spectrum in CsVCl3 observed at 20
K with Ei = 100 meV. The inset shows the zone
boundary spectrum.

3k (rlu)dimensional (1D) antiferromagnet CsVCl3 at 20 K
above TN = 13 K, where the 1D nature is dominant.
It took 56 hours for the sample and 24 hours for theempty scan at 120 kW of proton beam power. Figure 3 shows the background subtracted intensity.
The dispersion curve of magnetic excitations starting at the magnetic zone center at q = 1 Å−1, andthe excitations near the magnetic zone boundary at
q = 1.5 Å−1 and E = 75 meV were clearly observed.
This experiment indicates that the overall excitations can be clearly observed in 56 hours, whichis expected to be reduced to only 7 hours for thefull power operation of J-PARC (1MW). The counting rate is improved by using long PSDs, and theenergy and the momentum resolutions are also improved by integrating intensities within a PSD after
correcting the energy transfers at the positions ofdetected neutrons with high positional resolutions.
As a result, the dispersion curve including the weakintensity parts was clearly observed.
Also, excitations were observed in the three-dimensional (3D) system MnP, which is ferromagnetic

2

1

0

10
20
E (meV)

30

Figure 4. Excitation spectrum in MnP observed at 60 K with
Ei = 35.8 meV.

References[1]	S. Itoh, T. Yokoo, S. Satoh, S. Yano, D. Kawana, J. Suzuki and T. J. Sato, Nucl. Instr. Meth.
Phys. Res. A 631 90 (2011).

[2]	S. Yano, S. Itoh, S. Satoh, T. Yokoo, D. Kawana
and T. J. Sato, Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A
654 421 (2011).

S.Itoh1, T.Yokoo1, D.Kawana1, S.Yano2, S.Satoh1, T.J.Sato3, T.Masuda3, and H.Yoshizawa3
1
Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 2Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University; 3The Institute for
Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo

Neutron Science of MLF 201075

BL 14: AMATERAS

1. Introduction
In JFY 2010, AMATERAS (Fig. 1) moved into fullscale user program operation. We provided 80% of
the beam-time to the user program, while 20% wasspent for commissioning works and covering users’
beam-time lost by accidental problems. Although
we had four days of down time due to a problem
with the main chopper, we had no other serious instrumental problems. One of the significant eventsat AMATERAS this year was that a post-doctoral
fellow, Dr. T. Kikuchi, joined our group. From JFY
2010, three members of AMATERAS including two
instrumental scientists, K. N. and S. O-K. are mainly
taking care of users.
2. User Program
AMATERAS accepted three project-use proposals and eight general-user proposals in JFY 2010.
The accepted project-use proposals are ‘magnetic
excitations in quantum spin systems and frustrated
magnets (PI (principal investigator): K. Kakurai),’‘neutron scattering study of high-Tc superconductors (PI: M. Arai),’ and ‘dynamical studies of functional materials from the perspective of glassy science (PI: M. Nakamura).’ Eight accepted generaluser proposals deal with a large variety of research

Figure 1. Recent photo of AMATERAS.

76

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 2. Prof. Yamamuro (Univ. of Tokyo) (upper right) andhis colleagues preparing their experiment with Dr.
Kikuchi (upper left), a new post-doctoral fellow at
AMATERAS.

Figure 3. Prof. Iwasa (Tohoku Univ.) (upper left) watching
setting-up of his carry-in cryostat. It was March 11
and just after taking this photo, the earthquake hit
MLF, J-PARC.

fields, such as strongly correlated electron systems,
biomaterials, ion conductors and liquid. We spent
92 days on these proposals. It should be noted thattwo of general-user proposals were cancelled dueto the earthquake on March 11, 2011.
The scientific output from AMATERAS is alreadybeing made public. By the end of JFY 2010, two scientific papers were published and one was submitted. More than 30 presentations were contributed
to scientific meetings (annual meetings of academic societies, international symposiums, domestic
meetings etc.) in JFY 2010.

3. Instrumentation
In JFY 2010, 25 days of beamtime were spent
to provide spare beam-time to users, whose experiments were disturbed by unexpected problems, andfor commissioning works.
One of the issues of instrumental studies isenhancing the performance of multi-Ei (Repetition Rate Multiplications) measurements on AMATERAS. Part of users’ interest regarding multi-Ei
measurements on AMATERAS is obtaining data
at different resolutions to view the dynamics of different time scales through a single measurement.
An energy resolution variation of more than threeorders of magnitude is possible on AMATERAS.
However, the Eis’ range which we could use in asingle experiment so far was rather limited, because we were working at one frame time-length to
avoid frame overlapping. We studied the possible
operation modes of 5 sets of choppers on AMATERAS and found a solution at which we can obtain
almost two order of magnitude in the range of theenergy resolution difference. At one of the conditions, for example, we can get access to four different Eis, i.e., 42.4 meV, 7.8 meV, 3.1 meV and1.7 meV without overlapping up to the energy transfer of 0.53Ei. This combination corresponds to thevariation of the energy resolution from 10 μeV to
0.9 meV. Another effort has been done in preparing
data analysis software, which can simultaneously
handle the data obtained by several different Eis.
A preliminary version of the fitting software is now
available, however we need further development to
prepare a software package that can be used by
the general users.
Also, some of the commissioning beam-time wasconsumed for measurements of standard samples
for instrumental performance tests, commissioningof sample environments including users’ carry-in
devices, background measurements and test experiments. A part of the results of the recent commissioning works can be found in the latest AMATERAS paper [1].
We have also found several problems in the
spectrometer during this year’s operation. A distribution in neutrons’ arrival time at the elastic channel
was found during high resolution experiments. Thiswas caused by tiny tilting and shifting of detectorbanks, which resulted in a few mm deviations fromthe assumed flight path lengths. These path lengths
were calibrated by using obtained data on the analysis software. One of the user groups found serous
background, which can be seen as a dispersive excitation on a Q-ω map of powder average data. It iscaused by an aluminum radiation shield of a cryostat (t = 10 mm). The most effective counter- measure is introducing a radial collimator, which is still
missing on AMATERAS. We have started to prepare
the collimator and it will be installed in JFY 2011.
As of the instrumental upgrading, we have introduced several auxiliary facilities. We installed a
jib crane (Fig. 4), which is used for sample environments exchange. Also, a He recovery line has
been prepared for future experiments using liquid
He. From the end of JFY 2009 to the beginning of
JFY 2010, we installed additional shielding materials in the beam line (Fig. 5) and in front of the scattering chamber to reduce the background. During
the same period, a Cd beam duct and a new beam
narrower were installed inside the scattering chamber (Fig. 6), which also contributed to reduction in
the unexpected scattered neutrons observed by thedetectors. Additional upgrading of the utilities (installing new cooling water connections, adding newelectric power lines etc.) was also done to improveusers’ convenience.

Figure 4. A jib crane newly installed at AMATERAS

Neutron Science of MLF 201077

Figure 6. Installation of a Cd beam duct and a beam narrower in the scattering chamber.

Figure 5. Installation of polyethylene blocks at the beam line.

40% of the detector banks are still empty. Also,
the realignment of the miss-aligned super-mirror
beam transport remains to be done. These items

K. Nakajima1, S. Ohira-Kawamura1, and T. Kikuchi1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center

1

78

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

are homework left from JFY 2009 and are still listed
in our future tasks. Installing monitor counters and aradial collimator are also left in the to-do-list for JFY
2011 with other small items.
Reference[1]	K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, T. Kikuchi et al.,Submitted to J. Phys. Soc. Jpn.

Development of the Smaller-Angle Neutron Scattering
Instrument TAIKAN

The small-angle neutron scattering technique
is indispensable in research of microstructures,
higher-order structures, and hierarchical structuresin materials science and life science. However, therecent progress in nanotechnology and research ofcomplex multi-component or multi-phase systems
and non-equilibrium systems created the need toenable the SANS instrument to measure structural
information more efficiently with higher structuraland time resolution. In order to meet those requirements, the smaller-angle neutron scattering instrument TAIKAN has been constructed at BL15 in MLF
of J-PARC since JFY 2009.
TAIKAN is composed of a set of independent
components: a shield, optical devices, 4 choppers,a sample stage, a scattering chamber, 5 detectorbanks, and a DAQ system. Most of them were installed at BL15 in JFY 2010.
The external appearance of TAIKAN is shown in
Fig. 1. The sample stage, scattering chamber, andthe 5 detector banks are installed in a green shield.
On the shield there are a door to go in the shield anda hatch to bring in accessories for sample environment. Figure 2 shows a picture of members of a TAIKAN development group or contractors with the scattering chamber in the background, which was takenin the early morning of December 23, 2010. Figure 3
shows the vacuum chambers for the optical devices
and disk choppers set in the upper stream of thesample stage. In the vacuum chambers, xy-slits andcollimators have been already installed, supermirror
and quadrupole polarizers guide coils, spin flippers,
and sextupole magnetic lenses will be installed in
JFY 2011~2012. Figure 4 shows a small-angle detector bank, which is installed in the scattering chamber. 608 3He PSD tubes with 8 mm in diameter and
500, 800, or 1,000 in effective length were mounted
on the detector bank. The pressure of the 3He gas is
about 0.6 MPa. Figure 5 shows a picture of a TAIKAN
development group with the research fellow Dr. V.K.
Aswal and the student Y. Su, which was taken on

Figure 1. The external appearance of TAIKAN with a green
shield.

Figure 2. A souvenir picture taken on the day of installing thescattering chamber at BL15.

Figure 3. Optical devices and disk choppers installed in the
beam line shield.

Neutron Science of MLF 201079

Figure 4. A small-angle detector bank with 3He PSD tubes.

Figure 6. The first neutron image taken at the BL15 with amask of “BL15” and “TAIKAN” in Japanese writing.

March 8, 2011. On that day the first neutron image was successfully taken at BL15 as shown in
Fig. 6.
The beam commissioning began smoothly but
was unfortunately interrupted by the big earthquake.
It will be resumed at the end of the JFY 2011 andafter that we will start the user program.

Figure 5. A souvenir picture taken on the day of receiving
the first neutron pulse at BL15 with Dr. V.K. Aswal
and Y. Su.

J. Suzuki1, S. Takata1, T. Shinohara1, T. Oku1, H. Kira1, T. Nakatani1, Y. Inamura1, T. Ito1, K. Suzuya1, K. Aizawa1, M. Arai1,
T. Otomo1,2, and M. Sugiyama3

Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK; 3Research Reactor Institute,1

Kyoto University

80

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Horizontal-type Neutron Reflectometer SOFIA

1. Introduction
Neutron reflectometry is a powerful method forinvestigating the surface and interfacial structuresof materials in the spatial range from nanometers
to sub-micrometers. BL16 at MLF in J-PARC isdedicated for a horizontal type reflectometer. In thisbeam line, neutrons are transported downward at
two different angles, 2.2° and 5.7°, relative to thehorizontal. In December 2008, we started to accept
the neutron beam at BL16 with the old ARISA reflectometer [1] relocated from KENS facility, KEK,
Japan. This reflectometer, ARISA-II, was open forusers from 2009, and made a scientific publication[2-6].
This year, we installed a T0 chopper to cut fastneutrons, a NiC mirror to cut very slow neutrons,
and a brand-new reflectometer to replace old
ARISA components. The novel reflectometer “SOFIA (SOFt-Interface Analyzer)” started running at
the end of January 2011 [4,7]. In this report, we will
present the design and performance of the SOFIA
reflectometer. All measurements were performed at
proton power level of 220 kW before the earthquakeof March 11, 2011.
2. Performance of SOFIA reflectometer
Figure 1 shows a drawing of SOFIA in the exper-

imental hutch. SOFIA reutilizes the same T0 chopper, disk chopper, NiC mirror, and 2-dimensional
scintillation detector (6LiF/ZnS) as ARISA-II. With
the new slits, sample, and detector stages, we canaccept both the 2.22° and 5.71° beam lines. This
enables us to measure NR over wide scatteringvector (q) region on free liquid surfaces. Also, theslit system of SOFIA is very precise compared withthat of ARISA-II. The specification of the minimum
aperture of SOFIA is 0.01 mm in the vertical direction and 2 mm in the horizontal direction, which isdozens of times less than that of ARISA-II. This enables us to irradiate a square area of 10 mm, whichis the typical sample size of advanced materials in
the research phase, with an angular resolution of3%.
To check the performance of SOFIA, we performed a NR measurement using a deuterated
polystyrene (d-PS) thin film spun-cast on a silicon
substrate. Figure 2 shows the obtained NR profile.
The reflectivity reaches 1 × 10−7 at q~4 nm−1, and iswell reproduced by a theoretical curve considering
a plausible scattering length density of d-PS (6.46 ×
10−4 nm−2) and thickness evaluated by ellipsometery(98 nm). The typical duration times for the specularreflectivity measurement are shown in Table 1. In thecase of deuterated polymers with a scattering length

Figure 1. Side view of SOFIA reflectometer placed at BL16 in J-PARC/MLF.

Neutron Science of MLF 201081㻌㻌㼐㻼㻿㻌㼣㼕㼠㼔㻌㼠㼔㼕㼏㼗㼚㼑㼟㼟㻌㻩㻌㻥㻣㻚㻣㻌㼚㼙㻌㼀㼔㼑㼛㼞㼑㼠㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㼟㼕㼙㼡㼘㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚

㻝
㻜㻚㻝

㻝㻱㻙㻟
㻌

㻾㼑㼒㼘㼑㼏㼠㼕㼢㼕㼠㼥

㻜㻚㻜㻝

㻝㻱㻙㻠
㻝㻱㻙㻡
㻝㻱㻙㻢
㻝㻱㻙㻣
㻜㻚㻝

㻝

㻙㻝

㼝㻌㻛㻌㼚㼙

Figure 2. N
 R profile of deuterated polystyrene (d-PS) thin film
on a Si substrate with a theoretical profile (red line).

Table 1. Typical duration time for specular reflectivity measurement depending on the experimental conditions.

r [nm−2]
6.5 × 10−4size

q [nm−1]

duration

3”f

<1

5 min

−4

3”f

<2

20 min

−4

3”f

<4

1h

−4

3”f

<2

2h

−4

15 mm

<2

5h

6.5 × 10

6.5 × 10
0.9 × 10
2.5 × 10□density r of 6.5 × 10−4 nm−2, the measurement was
finished within 1 h for full-q region and time resolved
measurement over the duration of a few minutes ispossible in low-q region. We also measured the reflectivity with weak-reflection samples. The duration
times of a hydrogenated polymer film (r ~0.9 × 10−4nm−2) with a diameter of 3’’ and a polymer mixture
film (r ~2.5 × 10−4 nm−2) with a square area of 15 mm
were 2 h and 5 h, respectively.
Since SOFIA is equipped with a 2-dimensional
detector, we can simultaneously measure both the
specular and off-specular reflections at the sametime. For the test measurement, we used a stacking of deuterated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine(d-DPPC) bilayers on a Si wafer. According to theliteratures, this sample shows the off-specular reflection caused by the thermal undulation of bilayers[8] as well as the surface roughness [9]. Figure 3
shows the reflectivity map depending on Qx and Qz,
the momentum transfer in the direction of parallel

82

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 3. R eflectivity map of d-DPPC depending on the momentum transfer in the direction of parallel (Qx)and normal (Qz) to the substrate.

and normal to the substrate, respectively. The conversion was successfully performed and the streaks
caused by the off-specular reflection extend in the
direction of Qx from the Bragg peaks of the bilayer
stacking.
3. Conclusion
At BL16 in J-PARC/MLF, we have constructeda horizontal type neutron reflectometer SOFIA after
ARISA-II. Thanks to the high flux beam and instrumental upgrades, the specular reflectivity can bemeasured up to 10−7 within a few hours for a 3 inch
substrate at 220 kW. We also made possible a time
resolved measurement with the slice of a few minutes and an off-specular reflectivity measurementwith a position sensitive detector.
As a further upgrade, we developed a focusing mirror system [10]. The sample focusing mirror reduces further the measurement time andsample area, and the detector focusing mirror witha 2-dimensional detector provides high intensitywith keeping an angular resolution in the grazing
incidence small-angle neutron scattering measurement.
References[1]	N. Torikai et al., Appl. Phys. A 74 (2002) S264.
[2]	A. Horinouchi et al., Chem. Lett. 39 (2010) 810.
[3]	M. Kobayashi et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 272(2011) 012019.

[4]	K. Mitamura et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 272
012017 (2011).
[5]	Y. Terayama et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 272
012010 (2011).
[6]	N. Torikai et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 272 012027(2011).
[7]	N. L. Yamada et al., Euro. Phys. J. Plus, sub-mitted.
[8]	M. C. Rheinstödter et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 97
048103 (2006).
[9]	M. Hishida et al., Phys. Rev. E 80 051407(2009).
[10]	N. Torikai et al., J. Phys.: Conf. Ser., in press.

N. L. Yamada1, N. Torikai2, K. Mitamura3,4, H. Sagehashi1, S. Sato1, H. Seto1, T. Sugita5, S. Goko5, M. Furusaka5, T. Oda6,
M. Hino6, and A. Takahara3,4
1
Neutron Science Laboratory, KEK; 2Graduate School of Engineering, Mie University; 3JST,ERATO, Takahara Soft Interfaces Project; 4Institutefor Materials Chemistry and Engneering, Kyushu University; 5Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University; 6Department of Quantum Scienceand Engineering, Hokkaido University

Neutron Science of MLF 201083

Construction of a Polarized Neutron Reflectometerwith Vertical Sample-Plane Geometry, BL17（写楽）

84

It is not exaggerative to say that every neutron
experimental facility has more than one neutron reflectometer at the present time. This is because theneutron reflectometry has been widely recognized
as an indispensable tool of investigations on thesurface and interface sciences which are closely related to nanomaterial science and its industrial applications.
In the end of 2009, the Japanese government
decided to construct the 2nd neutron reflectometerat MLF by allocating a supplementary budget in thestimulus package of 2009. The budget was funded
under the condition that the installation of the reflectometer had to be completed by the end of March2011 which is the end of JFY 2010. It means thatthe time of construction was very short and only 15
months.
In Japan, we already have two neutron reflectometers, SUIREN (apparatus for SUrface and Interface investigations with Reflection of Neutrons),
and MINE-II (Multilayer Interferometer and reflectometer for NEutron-II), at a research reactor JRR-3(20 MW) in JAEA, and the 1st neutron reflectometer,
SOPHIA, at MLF. SOPHIA is the neutron reflectometer dedicated to investigation of the free surface
and interface, and its main target is soft matter sci-ence. After an intense and concentrated discussion, we finally decided to design the 2nd neutronreflectometer at MLF as a polarized neutron reflectometer with vertical sample-plane geometry (Fig.
1), and focus on solid sate physics, especially onmagnetism in magnetic thin films. The reflectometer
was installed at BL17 next to SOPHIA at BL16.
Figure 2 shows the expected reflectivity curves
with error bars, and measuring times for unpolarized
neutron reflectivity measurements of Ni thin films
with thickness of 300 nm on Si substrates estimatedusing a neutron ray-trace simulation package McStas [1, 2] when the proton beam power is assumed
to be 1 MW. The reflecting area of each sample is(a) 30 × 30 mm2, and (b) 10 × 10 mm2, respectively.
These graphs suggest that a typical unpolarized
neutron reflectivity measurement will be completed
within a few minutes for a sample with the assuming
typical sample size at BL17 in Fig. 2 (a) or several
hours even for the tiny sample in Fig. 2 (b).

Figure 1. The image of the polarized neutron reflectometerwith vertical sample-plane geometry SHARAKU at
BL17, and its main beam line components.

Figure 2. Expected durations for unpolarized neutron reflectivity measurements from Ni thin films simulatedby McStas.

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

In the beginning of March 2011, the installation
was expected to be completed at the end of themonth as scheduled (Fig. 3). The construction, however, was interrupted by the massive earthquake
which hit North-East Japan. Now all of the researchers and technicians working in J-PARC make efforts
to recover as soon as possible from the damages
on the accelerators and facilities caused by theearthquake. We expect to start the commissioning
and the user program on this polarized neutron reflectometer in the beginning of the next year (2012).

Figure 3. A picture of the shielding wall of the polarized
neutron reflectometer (写楽: SHARAKU) installed
at BL17. This picture was taken on the 7th March2011 just before the massive earthquake.

References[1]	K. Lefmann and K. Nielsen, Neutron News 10,
20 (1999).
[2]	P. Willendrup, E. Farhi and K. Lefmann, Physica B, 350 735 (2004).

M. Takeda1, 2, 3, D. Yamazaki1, 2, K. Soyama1, 2, 3, R. Maruyama2, H. Hayashida2, H. Asaoka1, 2, T. Yamazaki1, K. Aizawa2,
M. Arai2, Y. Inamura2, T. Itoh2, W. Kambara2, K. Kaneko1, 2, T. Nakamura2, T. Nakatani2, K. Oikawa2, T. Ohhara1, 2, K. Sakasai2,
T. Shinohara2, J. Suzuki2, K. Suzuya2, N. Takahashi2, S. Takata2, I. Tamura2, 3, K. Toh2, H. Yamagishi2, and T. Hirano4
1
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Department of Research Reactor andTandem Accelerator, JAEA; 4Hitachi Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hitachi

Neutron Science of MLF 201085

BL 18: Single Crystal Neutron Diffractometer
under Extreme Condition (SENJU)SENJU, named after the thousand-armed Goddess of Mercy, is a single crystal time-of-flight Lauediffractometer proposed to the MLF at J-PARC. The
diffractometer is dedicated for precise crystal andmagnetic structure analyses under combined extreme conditions using a small sample less than 1
mm3 [1]. SENJU has been funded by a supplementary budget from the stimulus package in the winter of 2009. We have reorganized a design team todevise the specifications of the instrument within amonth before the bidding because of the quick budget. All contracts of the instrument components had
to be installed by the end of March 2011.
In order to confirm and improve the instrumental
specifications of SENJU, the international advisory committee on SENJU was held in Aug. 30 - 31,
2010. The IAC members are Prof. Laurent Chapon,
Chairman (ISIS, UK), Dr. Matthias Gutmann (ISIS,UK), Dr. Eddy Lelièvre-Berna (ILL, France), and Dr.
Leighton Coates (SNS, US). The instrumental specifications proposed by SENJU project team werediscussed, and they were finally approved withsome productive suggestions. The general specifications of SENJU are shown in Table 1, and the top
and side views of SENJU are shown in Fig. 2.

Table 1. General specifications of SENJU.

Moderator

Decoupled poisoned H2 (20K)

L1 and L2

34.8 m and 0.8 m

Guide geometry

Straight, square elliptic tube

Neutron

0.4 ~ 4.4 Å (1st frame)

wavelength

4.6 ~ 8.8 Å (2nd frame)

Neutron flux

0.6 × 106 n/s/mm2 (± 0.3˚)and divergence

1.3 × 106 n/s/mm2 (± 0.45˚)Sample vol.

0.1 ~ 10 mm3

Lattice const.

Max. 50 Å

Detector

WLSF-type scintillator
4 × 4 mm2 / pixel
256 × 256 mm2 / scintillator
Number of det.: 31 (max. 37)
Horizontal coverage:−13° ~ −167°, +58° ~ +167°
Vertical coverage:−29° ~ +29°
Solid angle:
4 sr. (max. 4.8 sr.)Beam monitor

N2 (e = 3 × 10−5) @ 33.66 m

Throughput

24 MWh for org. compounds

Figure 1. The IAC members and SENJU project team at the MLF-BL18 area.

86

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 2. Top and side views of SENJU at BL18.

The success of SENJU depends on the reliability
and stability of the detector system. A wavelengthshifting fiber type scintillator detector developedfor iBIX [2] was modified at the request of SENJU.
The details in this report have been provided by T.
Nakamura (p.7).
It is also particularly important to have software
able to utilize the capabilities of SENJU. We developed software to operate the devices from GUI andto perform the data reduction and visualization. The
later components are based on STARGazer [3].
The installation of the SENJU equipment started in September 2010. The beamline components
such as a shutter and a bulkshield inserts at target station, steel collimators and neutron guidetube, choppers, as well as shielding blocks, were
almost installed within half a year. Figure 3 shows
the photo of BL18 in early March. Most of the shielding enclosure of SENJU was constructed and thedetectors with electronics were already arranged in
the proper configuration. The last main component,a vacuum chamber, was ready to be installed, but
the earthquake on March 11 struck us. Although theconstruction schedule has been delayed, SENJU

will be reinstalled starting from the fall, and the onbeam commissioning will begin in 2012.

Figure 3. A photo of BL18 taken in early March, 2011.

References[1]	I. Tamura et al., to be published in J. Phys.:Conf. Ser. (ECNS 2011).
[2]	T. Hosoya et al., Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys.
Res. A 600 217 (2009).
[3]	T. Ohhara et al., Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys.
Res. A 600 195 (2009).

K. Oikawa1, and T. Ohhara2
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2 Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society

1

Neutron Science of MLF 201087

TAKUMI at BL19

1. Instrumentation
The Engineering Materials Diffractometer TAKUMI is a dedicated neutron diffractometer to promotescientific and industrial studies in areas of materials
science and engineering and mechanical engineering. Since the commissioning phase has been finished, the development of sample environment devices and upgrading experimental methods, including software, are the next tasks starting from JFY
2010.
The newly developed sample environment (SE)devices are 5 mm width radial collimators and adriving part for the cryogenic loading machine. The
commissioning for the upgrade includes optimization of new devices and Z-Rietveld application tobulk materials. We also conducted development ofsoftware for measurement and analysis of texture.
Figure 1 shows lattice strains during tensile deformation of A2024 alloy evaluated from lattice param-

eters analyzed through both single peak analysis
and Z-Rietveld refinement. Lattice strains evaluatedfrom d-spacing values show different scales relating to different diffraction elastic moduli of hkl orientations, while those evaluated from lattice constants
show a good agreement with bulk strain obtainedby strain gauges pasted on the specimen. The texture analysis software was developed using Z-Rietveld as the core, and the data obtained was in agood agreement with that obtained by conventional
angular dispersive method at the research reactor,
JRR-3.
2. User Programs
During JFY 2010, TAKUMI was also one of instruments at MLF which was utilized by many users.
The proposals approved to be conducted during JFY2010 included 23 general uses, 2 project uses andan instrumental use. There were 6 approved proposals coming from industrial companies, and propriety
uses were conducted as well. The allocated beamtimes are shown in Figure 2, showing that the general use exceeded 50%. The beam times allocatedfor project uses were almost unchanged comparedto those for JFY 2009, but the beam times for instrumentation decreased significantly, since the commis-

FY 2010 beam time allocationhkl
reflection

Elastic Stiffness
[GPa]

111

74.2 㼼 0.9

22072.4 㼼 0.4

331

71.8 㼼 1.5

311

71.4 㼼 0.5

420

70.6 㼼 1.1

200

68.3 㼼 0.4

Strain gauge

71.4 㼼 0.1

Instrumentation 12 %use (IG)56 %Generaluse

Project use
(PG1)

19 %

Project use
(PG2)
14 %
Figure 1. Lattice strain evolution during tensile deformationof A2024 alloy

88

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 2. Beam time allocation at JFY 2010.

sioning finished. The beam times for instrumentation
were mainly used for development of sample environmental devices and measurement techniquessuch as texture measurement, and instrument maintenance, including upgrading calibration data.
The number of repeate users increased andthis helped additionally the instrument scientists,
because they could operate TAKUMI with less support. Figure 3 shows users in the process of preparation for their experiments.

using Z-Rietveld, the residual strains with good reliablity were succesfully evaluated. Thermal residualstrain in axial direction for Nb3Sn was -0.2 %.
Now we are interested in measuring strain levels in ITER-CS conductor in practical use. We have
prepared to measure residual strains generated after a performance test at SULTAN facility, i.e. cryogenic temperature, high magnetic field, cyclic highelectric current. Figure 5 shows the off-line preparation done in the beginning of March, but the Great
East Japan Earthquake came earlier before themeasurements were conducted.
Figure 6 shows our preliminary test to do thermo-mechanical treatment of steel (2Mn-0.2C). It is
known that the equilibrium phase transformationin steel can be accelerated by applying strain or
stress, i.e. dynamic transformation. This experimentshows that neutron diffraction can be used to observe such phenomena by performing in situ measurement during high temperature deformation.

Figure 3. Users are setting the samples for their experiments by loading the machine.

3. Highlights
As a continuation of the success in measurement of residual strains for Nb3Sn phases in ITERTF conductors with an outer diameter of 42.6 mm
during JFY 2009 (120 kW), strains measurements
in ITER-CS conductor with an outer dimension of
49 mm were extended when the neutron beam
power increased to 200 kW (ITER: International
Themonuclear Experimental Reactor). A schematic
view of ITER-CS conductor is shown in Figure 4, in
which the steel jacket thickness is thicker and the
Nb3Sn amount is less than that of ITER-TF conductor. The first trial was done by preparing a 100 mm
long cut specimen. The specimen was heat-treated
to formed Nb3Sn phases and the thermal phasestrains generated during the heat treatment were
measured. Nb3Sn diffraction peaks were weaker
than those of ITER-TF even though the same gauge
volume was used. These may have been caused by
the thick steel jacket and also by the smaller Nb3Sn
amount. However, by applying multi peak analysis

Figure 4. Schematic view of ITER-CS conductor

Figure 5. Off-line test using 3.6m long ITER- CS conductor.

Neutron Science of MLF 201089

Figure 6 Results from Thermo-Mechanical-Process simulation using a 2Mn-0.2C steel

S. Harjo1, K. Aizawa1, T. Ito1, J. Abe2, H. Arima1, and T. Iwahashi1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA

1

90

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

The Current Status of Versatile Neutron Diffractometer,
iMATERIA

1. Introduction
Ibaraki prefecture, the local government of thearea where J-PARC sites in Japan, has decided tobuild a versatile neutron diffractometer (IBARAKI
Materials Design Diffractometer, iMATERIA [1])to promote industrial applications for the neutron
beam in J-PARC. iMATERIA is planned to be a highthroughput diffractometer so that materials engineers and scientists can use it as a chemical analytical instruments in their materials development
process.
The roles for neutron diffraction in materials
science are (1) to do structural analyses of newly
developed materials, (2) to clarify the correlation
between structures and properties (functions), and(3) to clarify the relation between structural changes and improvements of functions especially forpractical materials. To carry out such purposes, adiffractometer with super high resolution is not required. The matching among intermediate resolution around Δd/d = 0.15%, high intensity and wided coverage is more necessary.
This diffractometer is designed to face a decoupled-poisoned liquid hydrogen moderator (36 mm,
off-centered) (BL20), and to have the incident flightpath (L1) of 26.5 m with three wavelength selection
disk-choppers and straight neutron guides with thetotal length of 14.0 m.
The instrumental parameters are listed in Table 1. There are four detectorbanks including a low angle and a small angle scattering detector bank. The angular coverage of eachdetector bank is also shown in Table 1. The rotation
speeds for the disk-choppers are the same with thepulse repetition rate 25 Hz for the most applications(normal mode). In this case, the diffractometercovers 0.18 < d (Å) < 2.5 withΔd/d = 0.16 % andcovers 2.5 < d (Å) < 800 at three detector banks of
90 degree, low angle and small angle with gradually changing resolution. When the speed for wavelength selection disk-choppers is reduced to 12.5
Hz(wide-d mode), we can access a wider d-range,

0.18 < d (Å) < 5 withΔd/d = 0.16 %, and 5 < d (Å)< 800 with gradually changing resolution.

Figure 1. IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer, iMATERIA without detector for each bank and instrument
shielding. High-resolution bank, special environment bank (90 degree bank), low angle bank, canbe seen from right to left. Small angle detectorbank, which are not shown in picture, are situatedin the low angle vacuum chamber (left hand of thepicture).
Table 1. Instrumental parameters of iMATERIA. L2 is thescattered flight path. The d-range for each bank is
the maximum value for 2 measurement mode.

L1

26.5m

Guide length

Total 14m (3section)

Position of Disk choppers

7.5m(double)
11.25m(single)
18.75m(single)

High

2q

150˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 175

Resolution

L2

2.0 - 2.3m

Bankd-range

0.09 ≤ d(Å) ≤ 5.0˚Special2q

80˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 100˚

Environment

L2

1.5m

Bank

d-range

0.127 ≤ d(Å) ≤ 7.2

Low

2q

10˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 40˚

Angle

L2

1.2 - 4.5 m

Bankd-range

0.37 ≤ d(Å) ≤ 58

Small

2q

0.7˚ ≤ 2q ≤ 5˚

Angle

L2

4.5 m

Bank

d-range

1.69 ≤ d(Å) ≤ 800

Neutron Science of MLF 201091

2. Current Status
The three banks (high resolution bank (BS bank),
special environment bank (90 degree bank) and
low angle bank) are operational. It takes about 15
minutes (25 Hz, normal mode) to obtain a ‘Rietveldquality’ data in high resolution bank at 200kW beam
power for few grams of standard oxide samples.
Figure 2 is Rietveld refinement pattern for YBa2Cu3O7-d at the high resolution (BS) bank, special environment bank (SE) and low angle bank (25 degree)
by multi bank analysis function of Z-Rietveld[2]. In
this data, it takes 35min at 12.5Hz wide-d mode tocollect Rietveld available data. The χ2 vale for thisrefinement was 3.08 (over all).

ments. The Gas furnace (~900C) and the crio-furnace with sample change mechanics will be readyin 2011.
3. Recent Results
In 2010, 96 user groups used iMATERIA (67%are industrial users, which includes proprietary andurgent use). Half of the industrial users performed
research of battery materials.
There are some progressive works done using iMATERIA. Prof. Idemoto’s group successfullycollected the diffraction data from 8.5 mg of active
material for Li-ion battery[4] (see the related topicsof this report). Dr. Suzuya’s and Prof. Kameda’sgroups tried to analyze the structure of disorderedmaterials using low angle data. Figure 4 shows aresult of structure analysis of D2O from low angle
data[5]. The instrument group also tried to measurenon-deuteried organic compound. Figure 5 showsa temporal result of structure analysis of guanosin(C10H13N5O5) for SE bank data. It takes 14 hours tomeasure one set of data at 100 kW beam power.

Figure 4. i(Q) pattern of liquid-D2O from low angle data of
iMATERIA.
Figure 2. R ietveld refinement pattern for YBa2Cu3O7-d at(a) high resolution bank, (b) special environmentbank and (c) low angle bank (25deg) of iMATERIA.

The automatic measurement with auto sample
exchange system [3] has been already working
for user experiments from October, 2010 (see another article in this report). The V-furnace (~900C)
has been already completed for conducting experi-

92

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 5. R ietveld analysis pattern of guanosin (C10H13N5O5)
from SE bank data of iMATERIA.

4. Conclusion
At the Great East Japan Earthquake, iMATERIA
was also damaged at pre-shields and beam stop. It
will be restored at the beginning of October.
iMATERIA, with four detector banks, is designed
for wide d range coverage. The wide d coverageand the short measuring time for this diffractometer will lead to a holistic understanding of materials
structure and their function for materials development.

References[1]	T. Ishigaki et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res.
A, 600, 189-191 (2009).
[2]	R. Oishi, et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res.
A600, 94–96 (2009).
[3]	A. Hoshikawa et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys.
Res. A, 600, 203-20[4]	Y. Idemoto, Y. Tsukada, N. Kitamura, A. Hoshikawa and T. Ishigaki, Chemistry Letters, 40 168(2011).
[5]	Y. Kameda, private communication.

T. Ishigaki1, A. Hoshikwa1, M. Yonemura2, K. Iwase1, D. S. Adipranoto1, and T. Kamiyama2
1
Frontier Research Center for Applied Nuclear Sciences, Ibaraki University; 2Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center and Instituteof Materials Structure Science, KEK;

Neutron Science of MLF 201093

Structural Studies Began on the High Intensity
Total Scattering Diffractometer (NOVA)

1. Introduction
Total scattering is a technique that had been developed for studies of liquid and amorphous materials and is now widely used to observe non-crystalline features in a variety of materials, including crystalline. Many of the materials are of non-crystalline
nature which seriously affects materials’ properties
and functionalities. By adapting neutron total scattering to hydrogen storage materials, it is expected
to extract a variety of structural information such ashydrogen-hydrogen correlation even in disorderedphase.
In JFY 2010, an evaluation of the instrument
performance of the High Intensity Total Diffractometer (NOVA) at BL21 was conducted. By performing
neutron diffraction on various samples, including
samples of liquids and amorphous materials, thereliability of the hardware and software was confirmed.
2. High-Q Measurements on NOVA
As a total diffractometer, a high-Q value measurement of the static structure factor, S(Q), is quite
essential to obtain a reliable pair correlation function, g(r). It has been confirmed that the statisticalaccuracy of the S(Q) of NOVA is high and Qmax canbe 60 Å-1 so far in case of silica glass (Fig. 1). Thisis achieved by the high neutron flux and low intrinsic noise of NOVA. It is essential for a high-intensity
diffractometer to achieve high S/N ratio for smallamount samples and/or short time measurements.
Utilizing the high neutron flux and S/N ratio, a onesecond measurement is feasible on NOVA at 1 MW
operation. This implies that NOVA is a powerful tool
for observing time-transient phenomena.
3. S tructural and Hydrogen Desorption Properties of Aluminum Hydride [1]Aluminum trihydride (AlH3, alane) is of interest as
a possible hydrogen storage material because of its
high gravimetric and volumetric hydrogen densities

94

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 1. High-Q measurement of silica glass on NOVA.
Above: Measured S(Q) of silica glass. Below: Plot of
Q[S(Q)-1] which directory affects the reliability g(r).
Solid line shows the calculated Si-O correlation.

(10.1 mass% and 149 kgH2/m3, respectively) and its
simple hydrogen desorption reaction, in which AlH3
decomposes to Al (AlH3 → Al + 3/2H2) at 370–470
K. Recently, in situ microscopic observations andin situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed
that AlH3 particles (size 100 nm–1 µm) are coveredby an Al2O3 layer (thickness 3–5 nm), and at room
temperature, the hydrogen desorption reaction isprevented by the oxide layer on the surface of AlH3.
The reaction begins only when the layer breaks up
because of the thermal volume expansion of the underlying bulk AlH3. The layer apparently forms after
the thermal desorption of the solvated ether from

AlH3–etherate, which is prepared by the following
reaction between LiAlH4 and AlCl3 in an ether solution:
3LiAlH4 + AlCl3 + n[(C2H5)2O]→ 4AlH3–n[(C2H5)2O] + 3LiCl→ 4AlH3 + 3LiCl + n[(C2H5)2O]
To obtain precise structural information regarding the surface layer, we performed high-intensity
neutron diffraction measurements on NOVA and a
Rietveld refinement of a-AlD3. The Rietveld refinement was performed with Z-Code. The diffraction
profiles show small diffraction peaks in addition to
the peaks of a-AlD3, as seen in Fig. 2. These latticespacing values for the neutron and X-ray diffraction
profiles are close to those of c-Al2O3 (corresponding to 101–107% of the values in the literature).

Therefore, the present result suggests that c-Al2O3
forms on the surface of AlH3 (AlD3) by the desorption of solvated ether. Furthermore, the short-rangeorder (0.18 ± 0.021 nm for Al–O; 0.28 ± 0.058 nm
for O–O; 0.32 ± 0.055 nm for Al–Al) of amorphous
Al2O3 suggested by electron-energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) may be observed under the diffraction
peaks of the crystal structures in Fig. 2.
4. In-Situ Measurements on NOVA
Figure 3 shows an example of a time-transient
measurement on NOVA. By increasing the temperature over time, the structure of a hydrogen storage
material (Li11BD4) was changed from the low temperature phase to the high temperature one. In this casethe time-interval was fixed at 1 min. The time interval
can be optimized after the experiment by the benefitsof event-recording type DAQ system of MLF.

d-space / ÅFigure 3.	Test measurement of time-transient phenomena on
NOVA.

Figure. 2. High-intensity (a) neutron diffraction profile of aAlD3 and (b) X-ray diffraction profile of a-AlH3 on alinear scale. Rietveld refinement results: observed(cross), calculated (line), and residual (line below
vertical bars) diffraction profiles. Tick marks show
Bragg-reflection positions of a-AlD3 and a-AlH3.
Vertical enlargements (70×) of the diffraction profiles are shown in (c) for (a) a-AlD3, and in (d) for(b) a-AlH3. Positions, except for those of a-AlD3
and a-AlH3, are shown by dashed lines.

In addition to NOVA, which delivered excellent
performance as a high-intensity neutron diffractometer, equipments for hydrogen study have been fabricated and installed: 1) a sample exchanger thatcan load 10 samples, 2) equipment for an in-situ experiment for an H2/D2 gas atmosphere (max. pressure is 10 MPa and temperature range is 50 K~473K), and 3) a vanadium foil heater furnace (roomtemperature to 1373 K). The performance of the insitu gas equipment for a pressure-composition-temperature (PCT) measurement was confirmed, andthe neutron diffraction of LaNi5-Dx was successfullymeasured at the end of JFY 2010. Using a Fermi

Neutron Science of MLF 201095

chopper, inelastic scattering experiments were performed on NOVA. With this device, the R&D studies of incoherent-inelastic corrections of hydrogenatoms will be advanced to improve the accuracyof the hydrogen position information. It is expectedthat full-scale research on hydrogen storage materials will be starting soon.
NOVA is supported by the NEDO project “Ad-vanced Fundamental Research Project on Hydrogen Storage Materials (Hydro-Star)”.
Reference[1]	K. Ikeda, H. Ohshita, N. Kaneko, J. Zhang, M.
Yonemura, T. Otomo, K. Suzuya, H. Yukawa,
M. Morinaga, H.-W. Li, S. Semboshi, S. Orimo,
Materials Transactions, 52 598-601 (2011).

T. Otomo1,2, K. Suzuya1, M. Misawa2, H. Ohshita2, N. Kaneko1,2, K. Ikeda2, M. Tsubota2 on behalf of NOVA group
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

96

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Si Crystal Analyzer Manufacturing for DNA

1. Introduction
A Si-crystal analyzer backscattering spectrometer DNA (figures 1 & 2) is characterized as highenergy resolution dE, that is about 1 micro-eV for
E = 2 meV elastic neutron energy (dE/E ~ 0.05 %).
A time-of-flight method in long flight length to analyze the incident neutron energy and an extreme
backscattering condition in Bragg’s reflection on Si
perfect single crystal to analyze scattered neutronenergy precisely promise this high performance ofenergy resolution to be achievable.

plates with high-precision spherical surface. Someof fabrication technologies have been newly developed for DNA, the first backscattering spectrometerwith Si-crystal analyzer in Japan.
2. Fabrication of the Si Crystal Analyzer
An assembly lab in HENDEL building is equippedwith two placing machines, one 3D-Digitizer (position measurement system) and one Si wafer dicer(up to 6 inch Dia.). Three dedicated stuffs in house
are assembling the analyzer units.
The coincidence of the crystal axis Si<111> withthe perpendicular direction to Si wafer surface is
one of the important factors to determine the accuracy of the analyzer crystal (see figure 3). Thus, thecrystal axis for all Si crystal wafers was checked by
precision X-ray diffraction measurements with accuracy of dw~ 0.002 deg. by RENESAS CO.,LTDand the wafers with the condition a<0.05 deg. areselected to be fabricated.

Figure 1. Overview of the DNA spectrometer.

Figure 3. Orientation for Si wafer.

Figure 2. Inner view of the scattering vessel

Si-crystal analyzer is fabricated by gluing numbers of single-crystal silicon wafers on aluminum

The results of X-ray measurements of the crystal
axis are shown in figure 4.
Figure 5 shows the process on gluing the Si wafer on the Al plate and a section structure.

Neutron Science of MLF 201097

Figure 6. Procedure of gluing a Si wafer to the Al plate No.1.

Figure 4. The results of X-ray measurements for Si<111>direction for some wafers.

Figure 5. Gruing Si wafers on Al plates.

Figures 6 & 7 show the procedure of gluing a Si
wafer on the spherical surface of a Al unit by a placing machine.
The accuracy of spherical surface on Si-wafer
gluing on Al plate was checked by a 3D-digitaizer.
Figure 8 shows the difference between the real surface and the ideal spherical surface (R = 2300 mm+ 875 micro m). Acceptable tolerance is about in+- 50 micro m in total on one Al plate.
Figure 9 shows a Si pasted Al unit and a strut
for installation into the DNA scattering vessel. One
Al unit needs about 50 Si wafers to cover the analyzer surface. As shown in figure 9, two Al units are
installed to the upper and lower parts of one strut.
Then, 27 struts will be installed into the DNA scattering vessel at maximum.
First phase of experimental use for DNA will startwith about 20 plates of Si<111> crystal analyzer
units at the end of JFY 2011,98

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 7. Procedure of gluing a Si wafer to the Al plate No.2.

Figure 8. An example of measurement result of 3D-digitaizer on Si-wafer pasting on Al plate.

Figure 9. A Si-glued Al unit U1 and a strut for installation into the DNA scattering vessel.

To meet the final specification on DNA, 30 platesof Si<111> crystal analyzer units and 24 plates ofSi<311> crystal analyzer units are required.

Reference[1].	N. Takahashi, et al., Journal of Physics andChemistry of Solids 68, 2199-2203 (2007).

K. Shibata1, W. Kambara2, K. Aoyama3, K. Inoue3, H. Asai3, N. Takahashi2, Y. Kawakita2, K. Kamazawa1, T. Yamada1,
K. Nakajima2, T. Hosoya2, T. Iwahashi2, Y. Ito2, H. Tanaka2 , K. Aizawa2, and M. Arai2
1
Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, Comprehensive Research Organization for Science and Society (CROSS), 2Materials
and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3NucleusAdvanced Technology Co.LTD.

Neutron Science of MLF 201099

Computing Environment

1. Introduction
The neutron experimental instruments in JPARC/MLF are equipped with large area detector
system which has thousands of pixels and many
sample environment devices. High intensity pulsed
neutron source in J-PARC/MLF sufficiently provides
us with an opportunity of acquiring data with changing the sample conditions in a short time. Then,these data are analyzed in multidimensional condition. However, it is impracticable to perform thismeasurement and analysis manually. Therefore, weneed an automatic experimental environment and aflexible data management system.
This year, preparing for the automatic experimental environment, we developed an automatic
measurement software to execute series of measurement commands sequentially, in collaboration with a researcher in ISIS. This software called“Experiment Scheduler” controls the data acquisition system and the sample environment devices
through the MLF software framework [1] called“IROHA”. By using this software, we can get manyraw data under various measurement conditions.
These raw data are also analyzed in multidimensional conditions. The conditions and results, except raw data, of the analysis as well as those of themeasurement are called experimental meta-data.
We have planned to introduce a flexible databaseto manage both raw data and the meta-data. This
year, we developed the experimental meta-data database combined with the IROHA. This databasebecomes a part of the MLF experiment database.
The meta-data of the measurement with the Experiment Scheduler is managed by the IROHA, stored
in the database, indexed and re-usable.
2. Automatic Measurement Software
The Experiment Scheduler consists of two software components, “Script generator” and “Script
status”. The Script generator is a sequence editorof the measurement scenario. For example, if you

100

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

want to run the data acquisition system under several sample conditions, you can sequentially selectmeasurement commands from a pull down menu
in the Script generator and input the parameters of
the sample conditions. Because a loop function is
implemented in the Script generator, you can easily create a series of automated measurements. All
parameters, which are out of range, are checked.
After creating the scenario, you can run it on the
Script status. The Script status sequentially executes the commands in the scenario. If you want
to change the parameters in the running scenario,
you can change them by pausing the Script status.
In addition, because the Script generator and the
Script status have a function to graph the parameters, you can check the parameters visually andprevent an unintentional run under those parameters.
The final goal of this software is the integration of
measurement and analysis on the IROHA. Because
this software is written in Python, we can easily
combine the IROHA written in Python and ManyoLib which has the Python interface. Eventually wewill introduce this software to the real instruments
and begin to use it.

Script generator

Script status

editorengine (editor)
Script written
in XML

Parameter graph

Figure 1. The graphical user interfaces of the Experiment
Scheduler.

search the meta-data by some conditions with a web
browser and reuse the search result.

3. Development of the Experimental Meta-Data
Database
Figure 2 shows the schematic view of the data
flow of the MLF experiment. The IROHA, which isrunning on CPU UI, manages the experimental meta-data, which consist of the conditions and results ofmeasurement and analysis, in XML (eXtended Markup Language) format. The IROHA collects the conditions and results of the measurement and the analysis from the data acquisition system (CPU DAQ) andanalysis server (CPU Ana) and saves them as theexperimental meta-data files. We have utilized the
RCM System Software (RCM) [2] in development of
the experimental meta-data database. The reason
that the RCM is introduced to our MLF experiment
database is that the RCM is a flexible XML databasesoftware which has a Web interface, a user customized workflow and flexible management of authentication / authorization. The experimental meta-data
database stores and indexes the experimental meta-data which are collected by the IROHA. We can

4. Conclusion
This year, we developed the automatic measurement software and the experimental meta-data
database to prepare for the automatic experimentenvironment and the MLF experiment database.
We will introduce these softwares to the real instruments.
Reference[1]	T. Nakatani, Y. Inamura, T. Ito, S. Harjo, R. Kajimoto, M. Arai, T. Ohhara, H. Nakagawa, T.
Aoyagi, T. Otomo, J. Suzuki, T. Morishima, S.
Muto, R. Kadono, S. Torii, Y. Yasu, T. Hosoya,
M. Yonemura, The proceedings of ICALEPCS
673-675 (2009).
	http://www.i4s.co.jp/rcm/rcmabs.html (in Japanese)

CPU UI

Meas. and Ana.
meta-data•measurement condition•measurement log

Raw data
index

CPU DAQ

Ana. meta-data

MLF-Database•analysis parameter•analysis log

CPU Ana

Instrument
data storage

DAQ
DAQsystem
SystemDevice control
Chopper, Temp. control…

Figure 2. The schematic view of the data flow of the MLF experiment.

T. Nakatani1, Y. Inamura1, T. Ito1, and T. Otomo2
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

Neutron Science of MLF 2010101

Development of General Purpose Event Module(TrigNET) for J-PARC/MLF

A general purpose event module (TrigNET) isa data logger for neutron scattering experiments.
TrigNET has been developed based on a NeuNET[1] which is an encoder module for neutron detectors. In the same manner as NeuNET, TrigNET canbe embedded into DAQ system. NeuNET has been
widely used in neutron scattering instruments atMaterials and Life Science Experimental Facility(MLF) in Japan Proton Accelerator Research Complex (J-PARC).
The characteristics of TrigNET as an analog
interface are shown in Table 1. Input A is a 24-bit
analog input with maximum sampling rate of 1 kHz.
This is called “Slow readout.” By using this input,
temperature measurement of a high-temperatureoven, pressure measurement of a PCT (Pressure
Capacity Temperature) instrument and phase shifting measurement of an optical chopper are possible.

T0 input is for T0 signals sent from a GateNET [1].
The T0 signals are generated in the timing of thecollision between the proton beam and neutron target. GateNET receives the T0 signal and outputs anepoch time, which corresponds to the received timing. By identifying the T0 signal, the measurement
data of TrigNET are related to neutron detector datameasured by NeuNET.
A Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) fordata encoding is mounted in TrigNET. As an event
data, analog data are generated in the FPGA. Since
an 8 kbyte FIFO memory is also equipped in the
FPGA, counting loss is not observed in neutron
scattering experiments.

Table 1. TrigNET Analog Interface.

Analog Input

Sampling Rate (max)Resolution

A

1 kHz

24 bitB

100 MHz12 bitFigure 1. The prototype of the TrigNET.

Figure 2. Block diagram of TrigNET.

102

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

SiTCP [2] is utilized for data transfer from TrigNET to disk storage. SiTCP is a hardware-based
TCP Processor which is loaded onto the FPGA. The
maximum data transfer rate is 100 Mbps. Its maximum value is limited by Ethernet specifications.
Binary data are saved in a disk storage. We canidentify data from TrigNET by checking the data tag.
Input B is still in a state of development. This is a12-bit analog input with maximum sampling rate of
100 MHz, which aims at measuring signals of 3He
gas neutron detectors.

References[1]	S. Satoh, S.Muto, N.Kaneko, T.Uchida,
M.Tanaka, Y.Yasu, K.Nakayoshi, E.Inoue,
H.Sendai, T.Nakatani and T.Otomo: Nucl. Instr.
and Meth. A 600 103-106 (2009).
[2]	T. Uchida: IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. NS-55 1631
(2008).

T. Seya, S. Muto, and S. Satoh
Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

Neutron Science of MLF 2010103

Feasibility Demonstration of a New Fermi Chopperwith Supermirror-Coated Slitpackage

1. Introduction
In June 2009 we succeeded to experimentallydemonstrate that the measurement efficiency of
the inelastic neutron scattering experiment can bemarkedly improved by using the multiple incident
energies simultaneously [1]. We refer to this experimental technique as Multi-Ei method which has
been already widely used at J-PARC.
It must be noted that the Multi-Ei method in aconventional chopper spectrometer involves a crucial problem. Usually, the chopper opening time∆tch is tuned to the pulse width emitted from moderator ∆tm, because the relation of ∆tm ~ ∆tch is an
optimized condition for inelastic neutron scattering
measurement by a chopper spectrometer. However, the ∆tm depends on energy and the ∆tch of a conventional chopper keeps constant at all times, andso the Multi-Ei method using a conventional chopper
cannot realize the optimized experimental condition
for each of the incident energies.
In order to overcome this difficulty, we proposed a
new Fermi chopper with supermirror-coated straightslits (MAGIC chopper). MAGIC chopper increases theeffective chopper opening time at lower incident energies by virtue of characteristic properties of neutron
supermirror, and consequently the optimized experimental condition is expected to be satisfied over thewide range of incident energies. The basic concept
and expected performance of MAGIC chopper is described in detail in Ref. 2. We have developed a prototype of MAGIC chopper, and carried out the transmittance experiment on pulsed neutron beam at J-PARC.
2. Experimental Details
Two types of slitpackages with and without neutron supermirrors were prepared in order to elucidate the characteristic properties of MAGIC chopper.
The slitpackages are composed of Si wafer and 10B
sandwich structure. The Si wafer whose thickness is
150 μm is used as neutron transmitting material. The
10
B as neutron absorbing material has thickness of104

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

around 15 μm. In the case of a supermirror-coatedslitpackage, a coating of Ni/Ti supermirrors with m =3 is made on both sides of the Si wafer. Here m isthe critical angle of the supermirror divided by that of
the Ni mirror. After the coating of supermirrors on Si
wafers, 10B coating was made on the wafers. The sizeof both slitpackages is 30 mm x 30 mm x 17 mm (D).
Furthermore, we developed a rotation testingmachine (RTM) in-house to investigate the performance of slitpackages in rotating state. The rotationof RTM is driven by a servomotor with mechanicalbearings, and synchronized with a trigger signal of
the repetition rate of pulsed neutron source.
Neutron transmittance experiments using the
RTM have been carried out on the BL10. The RTM
incorporating the slitpackage was located at 13400
mm from the neutron moderator. The rotation frequency was 100 Hz for two different slitpackages
with and without neutron supermirrors, where thephase delay was identical for each measurement.
Transmitted neutrons were detected by a two-dimensional neutron detector whose surface was
located at 13880 mm from the neutron moderator.
3. Results and Discussions
The TOF spectra of transmitted neutrons withand without supermirrors are shown in Fig.1, where
the rotation frequency was 100 Hz, and the phasedelay was identical for both slitpackages. Intensities given in Fig. 1 are normalized by the intensityof direct beam measurement which is the transmittance experiment removing the slitpackage fromthe neutron beam path. In case of 100 Hz rotation
without neutron supermirrors, we can observe several peaks at every ~5179 μs, which corresponds to
one-half of the RTM rotation period at the detector
position, i.e., 1/100 x 1/2 x 13880 / 13400 x 106 μs.
There is little difference between the two slitpackages in shorter TOF region (higher energy region),
however, the differences become clear in the lower
energy region, where the intensity distribution be-

0.25
(a)

Intensity (a. u.)where m is the m-value of the supermirror, f (Hz)the chopper frequency, and the term 17.3mλi (mrad)
corresponds to the critical angle for incident neutron λi (nm). The calculated result with m =3 and
f =100 Hz in Eq. (2) is also plotted in Fig. 2. The
calculated result provides good agreement with theexperimental results.

(b)

without SMwith SM

0.20
0.15
0.10
0.05
0.00
3950

4000

4050
TOF (us)

4100

4150

9150

9200

9250
TOF (us)

9300

0.25
(c)

(d)

Intensity (a. u.)

0.20
0.15
0.10

10

3

without SMwith SM
Calculation; m=3, f=100Hz

0.00
14350

14400

14450 14500
TOF (us)

14550

19500

19550

19600 19650
TOF (us)19700

Figure 1. The TOF spectra of transmitted neutrons from rotating
slitpackages with and without neutron supermirrors(m = 3). Rotation frequency is 100 Hz for both cases.

comes wider and shifts toward longer TOF sidecompared with a slitpackage without neutron supermirror. Moreover, an increase of peak height insupermirror-coated slitpackage is also observed.
The pulse width transmitted by a rotating slitpackage, ∆tch, can be estimated from the observed
pulse width at a detector, ∆td, shown in Fig. 1,∆tch =∆td × (13400/13800),(1)

where the distance from the moderator to the slitpackage is 13400 mm, and the distance from themoderator to the detector is 13880 mm. Two pulse
widths transmitted slitpackages with and without
neutron supermirrors are plotted in Fig. 2. The pulse
width of the supermirror-coated slitpackage increases in the lower energy region. This feature is exactly the essential characteristic of MAGIC chopper.
These experimental results have validated the conceptual design of MAGIC chopper; that is, MAGIC
chopper can realize the optimal condition for eachof the incident energies for inelastic neutron scattering measurement with Multi-Ei method.
In Ref. 2, the effective chopper opening time isexpected to obey the following relation,∆tch = 2 × 17.3mli × 103(ms),
2pf

(2)

Pulse width (μs)

0.05

10

10

10

2

1

0

10

-1

10

0

10

1

10

2

10

3

Neutron Energy (meV)

Figure 2. The energy dependence of pulse widths by rotating slitpackages with and without neutron supermirrors (m = 3). Rotation frequency is 100 Hz for bothcases. Calculated result from Eq. (2) is also plotted.

4. Summary
It is found that a rotating supermirror-coated slitpackage increases the effective chopper opening
time in the lower energy region, which confirms that
the MAGIC chopper can overcome the difficulties
in optimizing the inelastic neutron scattering experiment with Multi-Ei method. This study experimentally proved that the MAGIC chopper can significantly
improve the measurement efficiency of the inelastic
neutron scattering experiment by a chopper spectrometer, and thus contribute to opening up a new
field of materials science.
References[1]	M. Nakamura, R. Kajimoto, Y. Inamura, F.
Mizuno, M. Fujita, T. Yokoo, M. Arai, J. Phys.
Soc. Jpn. 78 093002 (2009).
[2]	M. Nakamura, M. Arai, R. Kajimoto, T. Yokoo,
K. Nakajima, Th. Krist, J. Neutron Res. 16 87(2008).

M. Nakamura1, W. Kambara1, T. Shinohara1, K. Ikeuchi2, R. Kajimoto2, Th. Krist3, H. Tanaka1, J. Suzuki2, M. Harada1,
K. Oikawa1, F. Maekawa1, M. Arai1
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, CROSS; 3Helmholtz Zentrum
Berlin for Materials and Energy, Germany

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

105

Sample Environment at MLF

1. Introduction
By the year 2010, the construction of many of
the MLF neutron beam lines have been completed
and started neutron experiments of user program.
The demand for sample environment (SE), thus,
abruptly increased. One of the key issues in carrying out the required neutron experiments is to havewell established SE devices and supports as required by a world leading neutron facility. The MLF
neutron SE team organized just a couple of years
ago is still in its infancy and having some difficulties
to overcome. The biggest problem for the SE teamis that there is no specialist who is responsible forfocusing on SE in the terms of technical guidance
and also administration. Under these circumstances, we are gradually advancing as mentioned in thefollowing sections.
2. SE Standardization
In the recent years, we spent some time to es-

tablish the standard of MLF-neutron devices andinterfaces of SE. In particular, flange specifications
are very important for standardizing conventional(common) devices. The advantage of SE standardization is to save resources, costs, time and manpower. Also, we have a profitable of easy to use,maintenance, handle addition to that we can sharethe devices. The MLF-neutron “SE Protocol” hasbeen set up in 2005, where the standard of beamflange distance, vacuum couplings, cryostat specifications involving temperature sensors, sample
cans, motor controllers, and so forth are describedin addition to vacuum flange specifications [1]. The
protocol is revised for the appropriate period.
3. SE Devices in MLF-Neutron
The SE Devices currently installed in MLF-neutron are listed in Table 1. Since the funding of eachbeam line is different, it is quite difficult to prepare
those equipments along the unified strategy of MLF.

Table 1. SE devices installed at the MLF-neutron facility.
(TL: top-loading, ASC: auto sample changer)

Beam LineSE Devices

BL01 (4SEASONS)

4 K-TL Cryostat

BL03 (iBIX)

Gas-flow Cryostat

BL04 (ANNRI)

ASC

Options
w-gonio
600 K heater

BL05 (NOP)

106

BL08 (S-HRPD)

4 K Cryostat
10K-TL Cryostat
ASC

BL10 (NOBORU)

Gonio (5-ax)

BL12 (HRC)

4 K Cryostat
1 K Cryostat

BL14 (Amateras)

4 K Cryostat

BL16 (SOFIA)ASC

w-gonio

BL19 (TAKUMI)

Loading machine
1000˚C furnace

in-situ dilatometer

BL20 (iMATERIA)ASC

BL21 (NOVA)ASC
Vanadium oven (RT~1370 K)

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

w-gonioin-situ gas flow measurement

It is necessary to obtain a large budget for SE, inwhich we should consider the ground design of thesample environment and the related including infrastructure. Also, we plan to install 7 and 14 Teslavertical magnets in the next year. Within a couple ofyears, the basic part of SE devices should be set for
full operation of the user programs.
4. SE Handling Area
One of the “gradual progresses” is that we set
the SE handling area in MLF experimental hall 1 asshown in Fig. 1. The area of less than 10 m × 10 m
is not enough space to handle all the SE devices
installed in MLF. However, we can start some small
maintenance, repair, preparation and tests. Also inthis area, appropriate electrical power supplies areprepared (100 V and 200 V 3p) as in Fig. 2. This
could be the first step of considering the next comprehensive SE support. In the next year, we plan to
set up the same type of SE handling area in experimental hall 2. As a perspective, a larger functional
area (building) should be prepared for providing sophisticated user support.

was operated until 2006. From the piles of thesepreviously valuable devices, we selected a few tobring to J-PARC. We are going to re-use them withminimum repairs (modifications). This is quite usefulparticularly for the beam line which does not haveits own equipment. Since it takes, however, timeand costs, the maintenance will be done within several years.

5. KENS SE Devices
The neutron facility (KENS) in KEK used to use
lots of neutron SE devices when proton synchrotron

6. Workshop
The 6th International Workshop on SE at Neutron Scattering Facilities was held in Munich,Germany, from September 29th to October 1st,
2010. Some members of the SE team (T. Yokoo,
S. Kawamura, W. Kambara, K. Kaneko and A. Hoshikawa) attended this workshop. About 60 people
from neutron facilities in various countries attended
the workshop, where new techniques of SE devices
and special environments were reported. It was thefirst time for a Japanese group to participate in theworkshop. One of the most impressive things wasthat the participants really welcomed the Japanesegroup to join their community and are interested in
J-PARC/MLF. We were able to get lots of valuableadvices and participate in fruitful discussions with
SE people from other countries. The next one will
be held in Australia in 2012.

Figure 1. The reserved SE handling area (indicated by redline) in MLF experimental hall 1. It is right nextdoor to BL11.

Figure 2. Electric power supply newly set at the SE handlingarea.

Neutron Science of MLF 2010107

7. Stepping Forward
Realistic user program just began in MLF neutron.
Now it is a time to give considerations to users andexperiments apart from constructions. We definitely
need to secure funds for SE and have devices along
facility ground design. Also, the human resources,

which are the most universally crucial, should be seriously considered for the next step of SE team.
Reference[1]	“SE-Protocol on Neutron Science Section” 5thedition.

T. Yokoo1,2, S. Kawamura1, and W. Kambara1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Institute of Materials Structure Science, KEK

1

108

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Magnetic Field Imaging Using Polarized Pulsed Neutrons

1. Introduction
Magnetic field imaging using a polarized neutron
beam is one of the new techniques to visualize thespatial distribution of the magnetic field in a spaceor inside materials [1]. This technique is based on
the motion of a neutron spin passing through amagnetic field, and the rotation of a neutron spin
due to the Larmor precession is measured as thechange in the neutron polarization with spatial resolution using a 2D neutron detector.
As the polarization measurements with one certain wavelength condition possess an uncertaintyof the rotation angle due to the periodicity of 2π,
study of wavelength dependence is befitting to determine the absolute rotation angle. Then, the accumulated magnetic field along the flight path of theneutron beam can be quantified. Thus, usage of apulsed neutron beam is suitable for the quantitative
analysis of the magnetic field [2]. In addition, threedimensional analysis of the polarization change dueto the spin rotation in a magnetic field gives the vector information of the magnetic field, as the change
in the polarization can be described by a (3 × 3)
matrix D, whose elements Dij (i, j = x, y, z) are expressed by direction cosines of the magnetic field
vector [3]. Therefore, measuring and analyzing the
wavelength dependence of each element of matrix
D at each position allow determination of the spatial
distribution of the magnetic field vector.

2. Experiments
Magnetic field imaging experiments with 3D polarization analysis were performed at the beam lineof BL10 “NOBORU” installed in MLF at J-PARC.
The photograph and the schematic illustration of theexperimental setup are shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.
Transmission type polarizer and analyzer, which
consist of magnetic super-mirrors, were used for themeasurements. Two spin rotators were placed before and after the sample for the neutron spin controlling. The 2D detector, which was composed of aposition-sensitive photomultiplier and a ZnS scintillator, was used to record the information about the
time-of-flight and the position for each event. Itschannel width was 0.25 mm and the spatial resolution was 0.8 mm.

Figure 1. Photograph of the experimental setup at BL10.

Figure 2. Illustration of the experimental setup. The sample position was 13.80 m, and the neutron detector position was 14.55
m from the neutron source.

Neutron Science of MLF 2010109

At first, a small solenoid coil with a diameter of 5mm was used as the sample. Then, a soft magnetic
metal foil with the thickness of 0.03 mm was tested
to visualize the magnetic domain structure inside
the foil. A small guide field lower than 1 G along y
direction was applied at the sample position.
3. Results and Discussions
Polarization images and profiles at several
wavelengths obtained for the solenoid coil with theapplied current of 2.5 A are shown in Fig. 3 (a) ~(f). In these figures, the polarization decrease dueto the neutron spin precession could be observedat the position of the coil. The wavelength dependence of the normalized polarization at the centerof the coil clearly indicates oscillating behavior (Fig.
4). By fitting the data with a function written in Fig.
4, we have evaluated the magnetic field strength tobe 5.15 ± 0.20 mT from the oscillation period wl andthe tilt angle of the magnetic field relative to the y
direction to be 40.1 ± 0.9 º from the direction cosine
value ny. These were in good agreement with thedesigned values.
The images of diagonal elements of the matrix D
obtained for the soft magnetic foil are shown in Fig.
5. The images of Dxx and Dzz indicate stripe patterns,
whose width were 2 ~ 3 mm, while that of Dyy was almost homogeneous. These results suggest that thecomponent of the magnetic field vector along y axis
is homogeneous inside the foil, but those along x
and z axis were different at each position. This fea-

Figure 4. Wavelength dependence of normalized polarization at the center of the coil. The line indicates theresult of fitting.

ture can be explained by the picture, showing thesmall guide field applied along y axis magnetized
the sample but partially there remained some magnetization component which could not align with theapplied field. Therefore, the images of Dxx and Dzz
can be regarded as evidences of the magnetic domain structure in the soft magnetic foil.
4. Summary
We have performed magnetic field imaging experiments using polarized pulsed neutrons. From
the results of the solenoid coil’s imaging, we successfully visualized the magnetic field inside thecoil and confirmed the possibility of quantificationof magnetic field strength and the direction by analyzing the wavelength dependence of polarization.
Also, the magnetic domain structure of the soft
magnetic foil could be observed using the imaging
technique with 3D polarization analysis method.

Figure 3. (a) - (f) Polarization images of the coil and polarization profiles along y-axis measured with various wavelengths. (g)represents configuration of the neutron beam and the coil.

110

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 5. Images of the polarization matrix element Dii (i = x, y, z) obtained for the soft magnetic metal foil sample. The incident
neutron wavelength was 4.26 Å. The left figure is the photograph of the soft magnetic metal foil sample.

This work was partially supported by a Grant-inAid for Scientific Research (C) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (No. 22604009).

References[1]	N. Kardjilov, et al., Nat. Phys. 4 (2008) 399.
[2]	T. Shinohara, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (inpress).
[3]	M. T. Rektveldt, Z. Phys. 259 391 (1973).

T. Shinohara1, K. Sakai1, M. Ooi1, T. Kai1, M. Harada1, K. Oikawa1, F. Maekawa1, H. Sato1, H. Hayashida1, J. Suzuki2,
K. Aizawa1, M. Arai1, and Y. Kiyanagi3
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Research Center for Neutron Science and Technology, CROSS; 3Faculty of Engineering,
Hokkaido University

Neutron Science of MLF 2010111

Elemental Analysis of Au-In-Cd Alloy by Using Neutron
Resonance Imaging Technique at BL10

2. Neutron Resonance Imaging
Most of the elements have resonance crosssections as shown in Fig. 1. Neutron resonance energies are specific for each nuclide. For example,
when we see a transmission image of the AuIC

112

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

specimen only at t=475 ms, we can see an image
contributed by the gold content only (see Fig. 1).
Accordingly, we can distinguish certain elements ina sample by the neutron resonance imaging which
is one of time-of-flight imaging techniques.

716

5

10

Flight time @14m [Xsec]
506
413
358

4

Cross section [b]1. Introduction
The Ag–In–Cd (AgIC) alloy was adopted as a
decoupler material for two decoupled moderators of
the J-PARC pulsed spallation neutron source [1]. A
high decoupling energy at 1 eV was achieved forthe first time in the world in MW-class spallation
neutron sources. Although the AgIC decoupler issuperior in neutronic performance, its high residual
radioactivity originating from Ag imposes a significant difficulty in handling the used moderators. To
overcome this difficulty, a new alloy in which Ag in
the AgIC alloy is replaced with Au, Au-In-Cd (AuIC)
alloy, was proposed by Harada et. al [2]. Radioactivity in the AuIC decoupler can be reduced to about
1/1000 of that in the AgIC decoupler.
Accordingly, we have launched an R&D activity
on the AuIC alloy production. As the first step, wemade AuIC alloy specimens by melting the threeelemental metal pieces in a small furnace and an
infra-red heater [3]. Target alloy compositions determined [2] are 74.9, 0.5 and 24.6 atomic % for gold,
indium and cadmium, respectively. The elemental
distributions of gold and cadmium on a specimen
surface were measured by a SEM-EDX (scanningelectron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray
spectroscopy) and were confirmed to be uniform.
However, X-ray peaks of indium were overlappedby X-ray peak tails of cadmium because the indium
composition was much smaller than the cadmium
composition and the atomic number of indium (49)is next to that of cadmium (48). Therefore, it is difficult to see the indium distribution with the SEMEDX method. In order to confirm the uniformity of
the alloy including indium, we used a neutron timeof-flight imaging technique at BL10.

10

320

Au
In
Cd

3

10

2

10

1

10

0

10

0

2

4
6
Energy [eV]8

10

Figure 1. Total cross section of Au, In and Cd.

3. Measurement
One of the specimens was cut to a disk sample
with thickness of 0.9 mm and diameter of 6.5 mm.
The disk sample was set on a thin aluminum platewith other reference samples, i.e., indium (0.01 mm)
and gold (0.5 mm and 1 mm), as shown in Fig. 2.
Figure 3 shows the outline of a detector system
which was developed by Kureta et.al.

Figure 2. Sample.

σr resonance cross section, N atomic density, andt thickness of the material. Eq. (3) can be deduced
from Eqs. (1) and (2) to know the material thickness t.

Figure 3. Outline of the imaging system.

A scintillator plate and an optical system were
set on 45 degrees with respect to the neutron beam.
Visible light from the scintillator was amplified by theimage intensifier (I.I.) and recorded by the camera.
The I.I was operated in synchronization with external signals to be used as a shutter of the camera.
By inputting a gate signal to the I.I. with a certain
delay from the T0 timing, we could get an image ofa certain energy range of interest. In order to obtainclear images, 4000 or 8000 images were accumulated in one measurement.
4. Results and Discussions
Figure 4 shows the neutron transmission curveof gold and the AuIC sample, and measured images
around En=3.88 eV (Au), En=1.44 eV (In), 0.47 eV(Cd) and En=2.23 eV (off-resonance). Due to saturation of the neutron absorption, the measured energy of Au was shifted to its peak energy (4.89 eV)
to 3.88 eV. We can see some shadows of the samples in Fig.4. Even in the off-resonance energy, we
can see the AuIC disk sample and the gold samples
because of the base line of the cross section curves
as seen in Fig.1.
In order to remove the base line effect line, weused the following equation.
Ir=I0exp(-(σn＋σr)Nt)		
(1)
In=I0exp(-σnNt)			
(2)-Ln(Ir/ In)= σrNt
(3)
Where Ir and In are transmitted neutron intensity at
the resonance energy and off-resonance energy, respectively, I0 is neutron intensity without a sample,
σn off-resonance cross section which is consideredalmost constant over the measured energy region,

Figure 4. Neutron transmission curve (upper) and raw pictures (lower). En means neutron energy.

Figure 5 shows the function of σrNt of gold, indium and cadmium deduced with Eq. (3). In eachsub-figure, only the target element is seen. Figure 6
shows intensity profiles along lines A and B in Fig.
5. The srNt values in the gold and indium samples
are almost proportional to their real thicknesses.
Although more detailed analysis is needed toobtain the elemental distributions, we could confirm
that the distributions of indium in the AuIC alloy disk
sample were almost uniform.

Figure 5. Processed image of Au (left), In (center) and Cd (right).

5. Summary
We adopted the neutron resonance imaging
technique to visualize elemental distribution in the
AuIC sample, and successfully confirmed the indium
distribution in the AuIC alloy to be almost uniform.

Neutron Science of MLF 2010113

References[1]	M. Harada, N. Watanabe, M. Teshigawara, T.
Kai, Y. Ikeda, Nucl. Instr. and Meth, A 539 345(2005).
[2]	M. Harada, M. Teshigawara, F. Maekawa, M.
Futakawa, J. of Nucl. Mat., 398 93 (2010).
[3]	M. Ooi, M. Teshigawara et.al., J. of Nucl. Mat.
To be published

Figure 6. Profile of material thickness. Upper figure is line A.
Lower figure is line B.

M. Ooi1, M. Harada1, M. Teshigawara1, F. Maekawa1, E. Hashimoto2, M. Segawa2, and M. Kureta2.
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate, JAEA.

114

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Pulsed Neutron Imaging on Quenched Iron Rods
and Cement Pastes

1. Introduction
Imaging using a pulsed neutron source can give
spatial dependence of the crystallographic information of a material with coherent scattering cross section, as well as information concerning molecularand atomic dynamics of the incoherent scatterers,
especially hydrogen. The crystallographic image is
obtained by analyzing the spatial dependent Bragg
edge transmission data, for which we have developed a data analysis code “RITS (Rietveld Imagingof Transmission Spectra)” [1]. With the help of thiscode we can experimentally study preferred orientation, crystallite size, and lattice spacing. Here, as
an example of applications in real engineering components, we study quenched iron rods with different
quench thicknesses. Another important applicationof the pulsed neutron imaging to be developed ishydrogen distribution imaging giving not only theconcentration but also the dynamical information.
Hydrogen cross section increases with neutron
wavelength and the gradient becomes larger withthe degree of freedom of the hydrogen motion.
Therefore, the gradient of the cross section of hydrogen in water is steeper than that in ice. As thefirst attempt of the hydrogen motion imaging, we
performed transmission measurements on cement
pastes of a dry and a wet sample in order to see thedifference of the bound state of hydrogen in the cement paste.
2. Bragg Edge Imaging of Quenched Iron Rods
As the Bragg edge imaging application we carried out the proof-of-principle measurement of thequenching depth for typical industrial parts, which
are shipped by the manufacturer, with applying ahigh spatial resolution micro channel plate (MCP)
detector developed by Tremsin et al [2]. That detector has a 55 μm pixel resolution and capability for
TOF measurement. The experiments were carriedout at BL10 “NOBORU”. The 26 mm diameter cylindrical samples, which were cut out with thicknessof 20 mm from the quenched iron rods, were set infront of the detector window as shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1. Experimental arrangement of the two sample pieces set in front of the detector.

Figure 2 shows a transmission image of wavelength 1 ~ 5 Å neutrons, and a wavelength-resolved
transmission image around the {110} Bragg edge
(4.089 ~ 4.100 Å). In the wavelength- resolved
image, we can distinguish the quenched zone, although we cannot distinguish it in the wide-wavelength image. We can investigate that the depth of
the quenched zone from the surface is 5 mm, whichis consistent with the induction hardening designedby the manufacturer.

Figure 2. N eutron transmission images of quenching depth
5 mm samples for wavelength 1 ~ 5 Å (left) and4.089 ~ 4.100 Å (right).

Figure 3 shows images of the real space distribution of the crystal lattice plane spacing of {110}for quenching depth 3, 5 and 7 mm samples. These
images were obtained by analyzing the {110} Bragg

Neutron Science of MLF 2010115

edges of position-dependent transmission TOF
spectra of the specimens [1]. The quenched zones
show the broader lattice spacing, because the martensite transformation is caused by the quenching.
It is clear that the quenching depths are increasing as the 3, 5 and 7 mm from the surface of eachsample. The quenching zone boundary becomesblurry as the depth of quenching during manufacturing increases.
Figure 4. W avelength dependence of total cross section ofwater and ice.

Figure 5. G radient distributions in a wet sample (left) and adry sample (right).

Figure 3. { 110} lattice spacing of quenched iron samples;
quenching depth 3 mm (upper left), 5 mm (upper
right) and 7 mm (lower).

3. Bound State Imaging of Hydrogen in Cement
PastesHydrogen exists in many materials and plays animportant role. However, the position dependenceof hydrogen bound state and its dynamics are notwell understood. Pulsed neutron transmission cangive information of H2O molecular dynamics by analyzing the gradient of the total cross section. Therefore, we apply this method for imaging the boundstate of hydrogen in cement pastes.
First, we performed total cross section measurements on water and ice at Hokkaido LINAC. The
result is shown in Fig. 4. The gradient of the microscopic total cross section of water is steeper thanthat of ice.
Next, we performed transmission experiments
for two kinds of cement pastes at NOBORU. We

116

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

think that the water contained in cement pastes isroughly divided into free and bound water. Suppose
the wet cement paste contains mainly free waterand the dry cement paste ice. Figure 5 shows theimaging of the gradient of the total cross section.
The gradient of the wet cement paste is more gradual than that of the dry one.
The result is different from the expected one,in which the gradient of the wet sample would belarger than the dry one.
The reason for the gentle gradient of the wet
sample may be due to the effect of up scattering by
the H2O molecule. To investigate it further, the difference of the scattering in water and ice has beenstudied by simulation using the Particle Heavy Iron
Transport cord System code. The transmitted neutron intensities depending on the wavelength andthe thickness have been calculated. Figure 6 shows
examples of the transmitted neutron intensities of 9
Å incident neutrons through 1 and 5 mm thicknesses. In the ice case the incident neutron peak still
exists even at 5 mm, and the shapes are almost thesame. So, the neutrons with an incident wavelength
play important role for determining the transmit-

ted cross section. On the other hand, in the watercase the flux at shorter wavelength increases withincreasing the thickness. The calculation conductedwith neutrons of different incident wavelength indicates that the transmitted flux has almost the same
shape independent of the incident wavelength since
the water temperature is much higher than the incident neutron energy. Thus, the total neutron crosssection does not depend so much on the incident
neutron wavelength.

Figure 6. Transmitted neutron intensities through ice (right)
and water (left).

4. Summary
The results on the quenched iron rod gave information on the quenched region and the homogeneity, which shows usefulness of the pulsed neutron
imaging. Concerning to the hydrogen bound state
imaging, the difference of gradient was observed,
but more detailed analysis is necessary for quantitative evaluation.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by KAKENHI (JSPS)
20246136.
References[1]	H. Sato, T. Kamiyama and Y. Kiyanagi, Mater.
Trans. JIM, 52 1294 (2011).
[2]	A.S. Tremsin, J.B. McPhate, J.V. Vallerga,
O.H.W. Siegmund, J.S. Hull, W.B. Feller, E.
Lehmann, Nucl. Instr. Meth. A, 604 140 (2009).

T. Kamiyama1, H. Sato1, 2, R. Takamori1, N. Ayukawa1, Y. Iwasaki1, A. S. Tremsin3, and Y. Kiyanagi1
1Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University; 2Present address, Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3University ofCalifornia at Berkeley

Neutron Science of MLF 2010117

High-Pressure Activities Using Engineering
Materials Diffractometer, TAKUMI

1. Overview of the Project
In Japan, the high-pressure neutron experiments
have been limited typically below 3 GPa, mainly due
to the limited flux of domestic neutron sources. The
intense pulsed neutron source at J-PARC is about
to change this situation. So, we launched the highpressure project which aims to popularize the highpressure neutron experiments above 10 GPa. As
a guidance, we took two approaches; the one is
to use already constructed beamlines (TAKUMI at
BL19, NOVA at BL21) and the other is to construct
a new beamline specialized for high-pressure purpose (PLANET at BL11). Each one is described as
TOPICS in this report (p.15).
The TAKUMI was originally designed for engineering materials use, but the characteristics, suchas small gracing volume for sample and wide working area at the sample position, suit the high-pressure experiments. So, we brought several compact
high-pressure devices and developed high-pressure neutron diffraction techniques. The final goalof the project is to establish the precise structure
determination methods for crystalline and liquidmaterials above 10 GPa. As compact presses, weselected three types of presses: Palm cubic anvilcell(Palm-cell)[1], Opposed gem anvil cell [2] andParis-Edinburgh cell (PE-cell). The former two wereoriginally developed by Japanese groups and willallow us to reach the pressure and temperature region inaccessible so far (Fig. 1). The presses andobtained results are being presented in this manuscript. Furthermore, the neutron focusing devices,which are indispensable for approaching muchhigher pressures, are introduced as well.
2. Explore New States of Ice with Palm Cell
The Palm cubic multi-anvil cell was invented by
Uwatoko [1]. It is a miniature of the huge multi-anvilpresses which have been developed mainly by Japanese earth’s scientists. The size is about 10 cm indiameter and 20 cm in the height (Palm size). This118

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Figure 1. PT region each device can access.

is enough compact to be attached to the cryostat, so
it opens the way to investigate the state of the matter under low-temperature and high-pressure condition. At present, the cell can reach the condition of
4 K and about 10 GPa, and therefore becomes agood tool to investigate the hydrogen behavior in
the field of the planetary science. This cell was applied to the study of the ferroelectric ices.
The question as to whether or not ferroelectricices exist in space in a stable form attracts muchinterest. The ferroelectricity is a very important feature for planetary formation and material (including
life origin material) evolution in space because oflong-range electrostatic forces. We did in-situ experiment of ice under high pressure and low temperature (about 1 GPa and below 140 K). We observed new ice forms, called ice XV and XVI. Ice XVis theoretically predicted as ferroelectric ice. Ice XVI
is considered to be metastable structure of ice XV.
We pursued the mysterious properties of ice XV andXVI at low temperatures and high-pressures. The
structural study of those ices reveals the existence
and properties of high-pressure ferroelectric-ices
inside space icy bodies (e.g., Pluto and Kuiper belt
objects).

stalled in the TAKUMI. After many efforts to reducethe background and generate pressure stably, we
obtained the neutron diffraction data sufficient for
Rietveld analysis up to about 20 GPa (see TOPICin this report). Simultaneously, we developed a data
correction method, which is the key to obtaining reliable structure information. The most important correction in the high-pressure experiments was theabsorption correction for the anvils. By employing
ray-tracing methods, we calculated the 2q and ldependence of absorption. The validity was crosschecked by the practical absorption estimated fromincoherent scattering intensity of vanadium and by
the Rietveld refinement of standard sample (Al2O3)(Fig. 3). The obtained structural parameters confirmed the almost identical structural parameters
regardless of the use of high-pressure cell. Besides
these efforts, we modified the anvil design to gain
detection efficiency, and succeeded in increasing
the intensities in the order of 3 times compared tothe conventional design.
1000

4000

800

3500
3000

600
㻌

Normarized intensity (Att. corrected) / a.u.

3. Design of a New Opposed Anvil Cell and Its
Application to Neutron Diffraction
The compact opposed anvil cells were newly designed for TOF powder neutron diffraction. By using
gem-grade anvils, we obtained both accessibility tovery high pressure range and wide detection angles(2q= 90o±15o )(Fig. 2). Depending on the experimental purpose, three kinds of anvil materials are used:single crystal moissanite (SiC) with 5mm flat-top culet, sintered polycrystalline diamond with 4mm concaved culet, and nano-polycrystalline diamond [4]with 3mm flat-top culet. Each anvil was precisely cut
and shaped into conical geometric form to endurelarge force applied by the cell body [2]. With theuse of this device, neutron diffraction patterns weretaken for a methane hydrate CD4:5.75D2O (sample
volume: 7mm3) at pressures of up to 1.2 GPa, andfor brucite Mg(OD)2 (sample volume: 5mm3) at pressures of up to 8 GPa. We also checked the possible
detection of signal from very tiny sample for future
extension of the maximum pressure range, andconfirmed marked signal from Pb sample with thevolume of ~1mm3 at 0.6 GPa [5] within the realistic
exposure time.

2500
2000

400
200
0

0.6

0.8

1.0

1.2

1500
1000
500
0
-500
0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

d / angstrom

Figure 2. Opposed anvil cell set on TAKUMI.

Figure 3. Result of the Rietveld refinement for Al2O3 in the
Paris-Edinburgh cell at 1.7 GPa. The refined
atomic coordinates were well consistent with thereported parameters.

4. Installation of Paris-Edinburgh Cell and theDevelopment of New Anvil Design
The Paris-Edinburgh cell has been mainly developed in ISIS [3] and is now widely used not only inneutron facilities but also in synchrotron facilities.
We first aimed to establish a conventional neutron
diffraction technique using PE-cell, and then tried todevelop it. A V4-type Paris-Edinburgh cell was in-

5. Design of Focusing Devices and Their Performance
The higher the pressures we try to reach, thesmaller the maximum sample volume becomes. To
detect weak signal from the tiny sample, neutron
focusing is indispensable. Therefore, we designed
super-mirror guides and checked their performance[6]. The key requirements in designing are as follows: (i) to focus neutrons with the wavelength of

Neutron Science of MLF 2010119

0.45-10 Å; (ii) to converge the neutron into the small
spot with the size less than a few millimeters. (iii)
to realize homogeneous phase space distribution
at the sample position. To fulfill such requirements,
we designed an elliptical-shaped super-mirror guidewith the total length of 1.5 m. The guide consists offour walls and the inside of only the top and bottom walls are coated by multi-layered film with 3Qc
to avoid degeneration of Q-resolution in horizontal
scattering plane for powder diffraction. Figure 4
shows spatially intensity distribution observed with/without the focusing device. The neutron intensity
increases by the factor of 1.4 at the center of thepeak. This value is almost identical to the result of
ray-tracing simulation.

References[1]	Y. Uwatoko, K. Matubayashi, T. Matsumoto, N.
Aso, M. Nishi, T. Fujiwara, M. Hedo, S. Tabata, K. Takagi, M. Tado, and H. Kagi, Rev. High
Press. Sci. Tech. 18 230 (in Japanese) (2008).
[2]	T. Okuchi, S. Sasaki, T. Osakabe, Y. Ohno, S.
Odake and H. Kagi, J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 215
012188 (2010).
[3]	J. M. Besson, G. Weill, G. Hamel, R. J. Nelmes, J. S. Loveday, and S. Hull, Phys. Rev. B 45
2613 (1992).
[4]	T. Irifune, A. Kurio, S. Sakamoto, T. Inoue andH. Sumiya, Nature 421 599 (2003).
[5]	T. Okuchi, S. Sasaki, S. Ohono, K. Komatsu,
H. Kagi, H.Arima, J. Abe, T. Hattori, A. Sano, T.
Osakabe, W. Utsumi, S. Harjo, T. Ito, K. Aizawa
and T. Irifune, Rev. High Press. Sci. Tech. 20
175 (2010) (in Japanese).
[6]	H. Arima, K. Komatsu, K. Ikeda, K. Hirota, H.
Kagi, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. A 600 71-74 (2009).

Figure 4. Spatially intensity distributions observed with (a)and without (b) the device.

T. Hattori1,2, H. Fukazawa1, T. Okuchi3, K. Komatsu4, and H. Arima2
Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA; 2Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 3Institute for Study of the Earth’s Interior,
Okayama University;4Geochemical Laboratory, The University of Tokyo

1

120

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Automatic Sample Changer for iMATERIA

1. Introduction
IBARAKI Materials Design Diffractometer (iMATERIA) [1], which is promoted by Ibaraki Prefecture,
is a versatile powder diffractometer installed at the20th beam line (BL20) of MLF. This diffractometerhas a high throughput so as to handle a large number of samples; each sample is measured in just 5
minutes at 1MW. iMATERIA has a vacuum chamberin which samples are placed, and this chamber is
enclosed in an instrument shield. If a vacuum cannot be maintained in the chamber while exchanging
samples, the process of re-establishing the vacuum
would become a bottleneck.
Small automatic sample changers have beenused in the past, e.g., the 10-sample changer used
for Vega [2] and Sirius [3] at the High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). The largest,which is used for High-Pressure -Preferred Orientation (HIPPO) [4] at Los Alamos Neutron Science
Center (LANSCE), can handle 100 samples simultaneously. However, these sample changers cannot add new samples or exchange stocked samples without breaking the vacuum. At minimum, weneed an automatic sample changer that is capableof changing 600 samples, but without breaking thevacuum in the main chamber. Moreover we need to
be able to exchange the samples during measurement. Accordingly, we developed and manufactured
an automatic sample changer that can handle a large
number of samples through the vacuum chamber.
2. Automatic Sample Changer
Figure 1 shows an overview of the automatic sample changer, which is organized into five parts: sample storage room, articulated robot system, elevator,
pre-vacuum chamber system, and sorting system.
Both the sample storage room and the articulated
robot are installed on an instrument shield. The elevator, the pre-vacuum chamber system, and the sorting
system are attached to the flange with a port of approximately 800 mm diameter on the main vacuum

Figure 1. Overview of the automatic sample changer.

chamber, and these parts can be removed easily as aunit. The pre-vacuum chambers connect to the main
vacuum chamber through gate valves. The sorting
system is set on the bottom side of the flange andhandles the samples in the main vacuum chamber.
There are two lines from the sample storage tothe sorting mechanism (two elevators and two prevacuum chambers). The pressure in each line is independently controlled between atmospheric pressure and vacuum. Thus, samples can be transported
to the main chamber while other samples are being
measured. Moreover, new samples can be set inplace in the sample storage area while one set ofmeasurements is being made. Thus, the sampleexchange time is substantially reduced.
We also developed a new sample holder for thisautomatic sample changer. This sample holder ismade of vanadium (0.1 mm thick) and has a collar.
The samples are packed into this sample holder,which has an Al cap and an In seal. A radio frequency
identification (RFID) tag is placed on the top of theholder cap (made of poly oxy methylene) with twocollars for handling as shown in Fig. 2. Each sample
is controlled using RFID.
To allow the addition of new samples, or replacement of stocked samples, during measurement, thesample storage room is located outside the instrument shield. In the sample storage room, there is a

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

121

Figure 2. Sample holder with RFID.

shelf for samples. The shelf rotates, and the front sideof the shelf presented is automatically changed according to the need. The sample storage system canposition 168 trays, each storing 4 samples. Thus, amaximum of 672 samples can be stored in this room.
A sample access point is located to the side of
the sample storage room on the instrument shieldas shown in Fig. 1. We can position only one tray (4samples) in this access point at a time. Information on
the samples (name, weight, height, ID number, position in the tray, etc.) is held in a sample database, andRFID is used to identify the samples. After checking
the RFID information, the tray is put in the sample storage room by the articulated robot. Sample handlinguses the tray (4 samples) as a unit. When we want toretrieve a sample after measurement, the articulated
robot picks up the tray containing the required sample.
According to a user-defined schedule, the articulated robot picks up a tray from the sample storage
room and places it on the sample stage for transport
to the elevator. The sample stage moves horizontallyto the elevator. The elevator picks up sample holders from the tray, and carries these sample holders
vertically to the pre-vacuum chamber. The empty tray
then returns to the sample storage room.
The pre-vacuum chamber has a volume of approximately 50 L. A half-round opening provides
a pathway for the samples, with a gear-like stock
holder at the bottom. This stock holder can store 12
samples. Accordingly, the articulated robot and theelevator transport 3 trays (or a total of 12 samples) tothe pre-vacuum chamber.
The vacuum in the main vacuum chamber ismaintained. However, the pressure in the pre-vacuum chamber is controlled between atmospheric pres-sure and vacuum. In addition, the top side of the prevacuum chamber is at atmospheric pressure, while
the bottom side is at a vacuum. Two gate valves are
positioned above and below the pre-vacuum chamber. In addition, there are two pre-vacuum chambersin this system, and there is a stock holder for 12 samples in each pre-vacuum chamber. We can control
the pressure for up to 12 samples during the measurement process. Thus, no time needs to be spent
reestablishing a vacuum, except when first evacuating the chamber. After evacuating the chamber, theunderside gate valve opens, and the gear-like stock
holder moves from the pre-vacuum chamber into themain vacuum chamber.
The sorting system is situated within the main vacuum chamber. A sample is picked from the gear-likestock holder (containing 12 samples) and is moved
to the neutron beam center. Two collars are neededon the sample holder at this point: one for holding,and the other for handling. The sample height can bechanged for each sample. Optionally, the sample canbe rotated during measurement.
We manufactured an automatic sample changer
with the capacity to handle more samples than any
previous design. We have already installed this automatic sample changer, and it has passed an operational check. We developed control software for
automatic measurement in order to work with a dataacquisition system (DAQ). The control software has
been operating since October, 2010.
We would like to thank for awarding us the 1st
Michael Meissner Prize (6th International Workshop
on Sample Environment at Neutron Scattering Facilities, 2010).
References[1]	T. Ishigaki et. al., Nucl. Instr. Meth. Phys. Res. A,
600 189-191 (2009).
[2]	T. Kamiyama et. al., Physica, B213&214 875877 (1995).
[3]	T. Kamiyama et. al., Mat. Sci. Forum, 321-324
302-307 (2000).
[4]	H. –R. Wenk, L. Lutterotti, S. Vogel, Nucl. Instr.
& Meth. Phys. Res., A515 575-588 (2003).

A. Hoshikawa1, T. Ishigaki1, M. Yonemura2, K. Iwase1, D. Sulistyanintyas1, T. Kamiyama2, and M. Hayashi3
1
iFRC, Ibaraki University; 2Neutron Science Laboratory, KEK; 3Ibaraki Prefecture

122

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Development of Neutron Detectors and Optical Devices

ASD boards
E/O converter

O/E converter
Posi on encoder

Op cal fiber

35 cm
Pressure vessel

Figure 1. Photograph of the developed two-dimensional
neutron detection system.

0.2
Position encoder out

Output signal (a.u.)

Two-Dimensional Gas-Based Neutron Detector
We are currently developing a gas-based twodimensional position-sensitive neutron detection
system that can read out individual signal lines andncludes a micro-pixel detector element.
The performances of gas-based two-dimensional neutron the detector, such as spatial resolution
and detection efficiency, are improved by increasing
the gas pressure. However, it is too much trouble
to operate the system properly, because the output
signal level decreases under the gas pressure. To
measure and process the extreme low level signals,
we use a detector system consisting of developed
signal processing devices, amplifier-shaper-discriminator (ASD) boards, an optical signal transmission device and a position encoder.
Fig. 1 shows a photograph of the developed detector system. The neutrons generate charge signals, which are collected by the detector element in
the pressure vessel. The extreme low level charge
signals from the detector element are fed into thedeveloped ASD boards through the pressure vessel. The time response of the analog charge outpour of the boards is less than 180 ns FWHM.
The time response of the signals output from thedeveloped position encoder is shown in Fig. 2. Our
system can separate the double pulse at intervals ofa microsecond.

0
Period 1 µs
Period 2 µs

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

-1

0

1

2

3

Time (µs)

Figure 2. Output signals from the position detection encoder.

These developed signal processing devices such
as ASD boards, optical signal transmission device
and position encoder will be implemented in a twodimensional multiwire proportional counter of BL17.
Development of a High Performance Polarizing
Supermirror
The neutron polarizing supermirror is one of themost important optical devices for polarizing neutron
beams because it allows us to obtain high and uniform polarization over a wide range of wavelengths
without loss of intensity. Fe is frequently used tomake the magnetic layer of a polarizing supermirror,
because it is easily deposited and is a ferromagnetic material with large saturation magnetization. Si
or Ge is generally used for the non-magnetic layer
because the neutron scattering densities of Si andGe are close to that of Fe for spin-down neutrons.
Good magnetic properties in terms of softness playa critical role in determining the performance of thepolarizing supermirrors for practical applications ina variety of polarized neutron scattering researches.
We have developed polarizing supermirrors byusing the ion beam sputtering (IBS) technique since itenables the production of layers with high density andsmall grain size. Hino et al. demonstrated that thesecharacteristics of the IBS lead to higher performancepolarizing supermirrors [1]. Test fabrication of Fe/Ge

Neutron Science of MLF 2010123

polarizing supermirror with m=3.3 was performed byusing the IBS system installed at the JAEA. Figure
3 shows the result of the polarized neutron reflectivity measurement for the polarizing supermirror underan external field strength of 500 Oe. A flipping ratio
higher than 30 is obtained over the wide momentum
transfer range of 0.29-0.75 nm-1. We plan to perform
further developments on the realization of larger critical angle and higher polarization.

Figure 3. Polarized neutron reflectivity profiles of Fe/Ge
polarizing supermirror with m=3.3. The reflectivity
profiles of the spin-up and spin-down neutrons areshown in red and blue, respectively. The flipping
ratio is shown in black.

Demonstration of Magnetic Domain Imaging
with Neutron Spin Interferometer
Understanding the structure of the inner magnetic domain of a bulk body is one of the most important
requirements for development of high performance
motors and electrical transformers. However, there
are no effective methods to obtain information on its
inner magnetic domain. A neutron spin phase contrast (NSPC) imaging technique is one of the novel
imaging techniques and it uses polarized neutrons.
A precession angle of neutron spin caused by magnetic interaction with a magnetic field is given by
j = mglBl/h, where m, g, l are the neutron mass,
gyromagnetic ratio and wavelength, h is the Plank’s
constant, l is the length of the flight path in which
the neutron spin senses the magnetic field B. In the
NSPC method, the j can be detected as a phase of

an interference pattern. Hence the variance of theprecession angle due to distributions of magnetic
field and flight path can be measured as the shift ofthe phase. The NSPC imaging technique has beendeveloped and demonstrated [2]. In this study, we
tried to visualize a magnetic domain structure of amagnetic thin foil which is applied to electrical transformers.
The experiment was carried out on SUIREN at
JRR-3. The picture of the sample and a two-dimensional (2D) map of the phase shift are shown in Fig.
4. An external magnetic field 0.75 mT was applied atthe vertical direction of the sample. A positive valueof the phase shift means an existing of the parallel
element to the external magnetic field in the sample(B//). Since an absorption term is not included in thephase and the thickness distribution is within a few
micrometers which correspond to the order of thephase shift 0.01, the stripes on the 2D map with thephase shift from 0.40 to 0.60 are expected to show
the B// element of magnetic domain structure in thesample.

Figure 4. The photograph of the sample setup and the 2D
map of the phase shift of the neutron spin.

References[1]	M. Hino, H. Hayashida, M. Kitaguchi, Y. Kawabata, M. Takeda, R. Maruyama, T. Ebisawa, N.
Torikai, T. Kume, and S. Tasaki, Physica B 385386 1187 (2006).
[2]	H. Hayashida, et al., Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A
634 S90 (2011).

K. Soyama1, K. Sakasai1, D. Yamazaki1, T. Nakamura1, K. Toh1, R. Maruyama1, H. Hayashida1, H. Yamagishi1, M. Takeda2,
and T. Shinohara1
1
Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center, 2Quantum Beam Science Directorate, JAEA

124

Neutron Science of MLF 2010

Muon ScienceStatus of Muon Section

Muon Science Establishment (MUSE) suffered
several damages from the earthquake on March
11, 2011, so called “Higashi-Nippon Dai-Shinsai”(East-Japan earth quake). Fortunately the damages
found so far were apparently not too serious. They
will be fixed within half a year, we expect to restart
the user’s run in February 2012.
For phase 1, we designed MUSE to provide four
secondary beamlines, namely D, U, S and H lines,
to extract muon beams from the muon target into
the experimental halls [1]. Figure 1 shows the layoutof the MUSE muon beamlines that are already completed or under construction.
1. Decay and Surface Muon Beamline, D-Line
at MUSESo far, we succeeded in installing one superconducting decay/surface muon beam line, the so called
D-Line, with a modest-acceptance pion injector of
about 45 mSr, where either surface muons (µ+, 30
MeV/c) or decay muons (5–120 MeV/c) are delivered to the area of the experiment [1]. In the fiscal
year of 2010 (JFY 2010), we did a modification of
the Quadrupole magnets, DQ4 and DQ7, by replacing the smaller aperture (φ200 mm) with a larger(φ300 mm) one. Since November 26th, 2010, theproton beam power from the RCS has steadily increased up to 220 kW, consequently delivering 3.2
× 106/s of intense surface muon or several 106/s ofdecay muon beam (µ+ and µ-). MUSE had been recording the world’s strongest pulsed muon source,with increasing the proton beam power, until theearthquake on March 11th, 2011.
One of the scientific topics was an applicationof µ- for the non-destructive analysis [2]. At MUSE,a high intensity µ- beam with an energy as low as 5
MeV/c (corresponding to 2 µm penetrating depth inAu) and up to 120 MeV/c can be used for the experiment, since the µ- obtained at MUSE originates froma 3 GeV proton having a larger π- cross section thanwith 500-800 MeV energy range. The different ele-

126

Muon Science of MLF 2010

ments present in a sample of only tiny amount canbe quantitatively measured by observing the characteristic X-rays from muonic atoms. Its feasibility
has been already studied at the D2 experimented
area for the non-destructive analysis studies of the
Au and Ag concentration in an old Japanese coin,
Tempo-Koban (property of Prof. T. Saito, National
Museum of Japanese History) revealing differencein the Au concentration between the surface (~2µm) and in the bulk.
One of the topics of µ+SR studies is a researchon the layered iridate Ba2IrO4 by H. Okabe [3]. They
revealed that the magnetic ground state is antiferromagnetic long-range ordered state (TN˜240K) in
which the magnetic moment (˜0.34μB /Ir atom) is
signiﬁcantly reduced by a low-dimensional quantum
spin ﬂuctuation with a large intra-plane correlation.
It was selected by Editor’s suggestion of PhysicalReview B.
2. U-Line for the Ultra Slow Muon BeamIn addition to Phase 1, as one of the principal
muon beamlines at MUSE, we are planning to install the Superomega muon beamline, the so called
U-line, which consists of a large acceptance solenoid made of mineral insulation cables (MIC), a
superconducting curved transport solenoid and asuperconducting axial focusing magnet system.
There, we can collect either surface or cloud muons
with a large acceptance of 400 mSr. Compared tothe conventional beamlines, the large acceptanceof the front-end solenoid will allow for the captureof the highest intensity pulsed muon beam in theworld. With a muon capture rate of 5 × 108 /s surface
muons and an approximate transport efficiency of
80%, we can expect 4 × 108 /s surface muons and107 /s negative cloud muons at the experimental
area [4]. The U-line components of the superconducting curved and axial focusing magnets were
funded and are now under construction. At the Uline, we are aiming to create a new type of muonsource: the intense ultra-slow muon source.
Ultra-slow pulsed muons are generated by theresonant ionization of thermal Muonium atoms
evaporated from the surface of a hot tungsten foil
placed at an intense surface muon beamline, which
was developed at KEK and RIKEN/RAL. At the
RIKEN/RAL muon facility, 20 ultra-slow µ+/s was
extracted at the sample position out of 1.2 × 106/s
surface muons [5]. On the other hand, 4 × 108 /s surface muons/s can be extracted at the U-line, gaining a factor of 300 in the surface muon intensity.
Taking into account the repetition rate of the pulsed
laser system and the muon beam, we can also gaina factor of two, since both the laser and the muon
beam can be synchronized to 25 Hz at MUSE,
whereas the muon beam (50Hz) is synchronizedto every second laser pulse at the RIKEN-RAL facility [5]. Moreover, we have also been developing
an intense Lyman-α light of more than 100 µJ/cm2
needed to saturate the transition of Mu from the 1S
state to the 2P state, whereas only about 1 µJ/cm2of the Lyman-αlight was produced at RIKEN/RAL.
Consequently, we can expect, as a maximum, 1.3 ×
106 /s of the ultra-slow µ+/s at MUSE.
3. S-Line BeamIn addition to the U-line, we are planning to install a dedicated surface muon beamline, so called
S-line, with a modest-acceptance of about 50 mSr. A
kicker system, matched to the pulse structure of the
proton beam, will be installed to feed single pulses

H LineHGV1

HB1

4. H-Line BeamA high momentum muon beamline, so called Hline, with an acceptance of about 130 mSr, is alsoplanned to be installed towards the experimental
hall No. 1. The H-line is designed to extract either
intense surface muons (108 /s), or electrons up to
120 MeV/c, for large size particle nuclear physics
programs, such as the “g-2” or “µ-e conversion” experiments, etc. The beamline components in the
proton beam tunnel are already funded and underfabrication.
5. Damages by the Earthquake, ‘Higashi-Nippon
Dai-Shinsai’ and Beam Recovery’s Schedule
As we mentioned in the beginning, as a resultof the earthquake on March 11, 2011, some of the
MUSE components became inoperable. After observing the affected areas, we concluded that the
problems were not severe. We believe they canbe fixed within half a year. The damaged components of MUSE were as follows: 1) All the He ducts,
control cables, power cables, and compressed air
for the online refrigerator system for the superconducting magnet. This was caused by ground settlements, about 10 cm to 1.5 m downward outsideof the MLF building. Also a buffer tank for the He

Neutron Source
Superconducting Solenoid Magnet
HS1

SQ4,5,6 SB1Muon production
graphite target

D LineAxial Focusing MIC
Solenoid Magnet

S Line SQ1,2,3

1m 2m 3m

to four specific experimental areas in hall No1 with arate of 107/s. At present, the beamline components
SQ1-6 and SB1 in the tunnel are already installed orunder fabrication.

D2

DC Separator
Superconducting
Curved Solenoid
Magnet3GeV Proton( Wien Filter )D1Beam Blocker
Superconducting
Axial Focusing Magnet

U

U LineFigure 1. Layout of the MUSE muon beamlines already completed or under construction.

Muon Science of MLF 2010127

gas was tilted by 2-3 degrees. 2) The air circulation
systems for the proton beam tunnels in the vicinityof the muon target were damaged. Particularly, weneed to remove and rebuild water pipes and control
cables since the wall where they have been fixed
was about to fall down. That wall is located at an
expansion joint between MLF and the proton beamtransport line (3NBT) from 3-GeV RCS. 3) A lot of
anchoring bolts of concrete shielding blocks withcracks on them due to strong quakes. 4) An air sealing hatch to prevent flow of activated air between
the primary proton beam tunnel (the M2 tunnel) andthe MLF experimental hall. 5) A cable rack in the M2
tunnel due to a blow caused by a heavy concrete
block.

References[1] Y. Miyake, K. Nishiyama, N. Kawamura, P.
Strasser, S. Makimura, A. Koda, K. Shimomura,
H. Fujimori, K. Nakahara, R. Kadono, M. Kato,
S. Takeshita, W. Higemoto, K. Ishida, T. Matsuzaki, Y. Matsuda, K. Nagamine, “Muon Beams
at the J-PARC Muon Facility and their application”, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. A
600 (2009) 22-24; P. Strasser, K. Shimomura,
A. Koda, N. Kawamura, H. Fujimori, S. Makimura, Y. Kobayashi, K. Nakahara, M. Kato,
S. Takeshita, M. Hiraishi, M. Miyazaki, W. Higemoto, T. U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, K. Ishida, M. K.

Kubo, R. Kadono, K. Nishiyama and Y. Miyake,“J-PARC decay muon channel construction status”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 225 012050 (2010).
[2] K. Ninomiya, T. Nagatomo, K. M. Kubo, P. Strasser, N. Kawamura, K. Shimomura, Y. Miyake, T.
Saito and W. Higemoto, “Development of elemental analysis by muonic X-ray measurement
in J-PARC”, J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 225 012040(2010).
[3] H. Okabe, M. Isobe, E. Takayama-Muromachi,
A. Koda, S. Takeshita, M. Hiraishi, M. Miyazaki,
R. Kadono, Y. Miyake, and J. Akimitsu “Ba2IrO4:
A spin-orbit Mott insulating quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnet”, Phy.Rev. B 83, 155118(2011).
[4] K. Nakahara, T. Adachi, Y. Ikedo, Y. Miyake,
K. Shimomura, P. Strasser, K. Nishiyama, N.
Kawamura, H. Fujimori, S. Makimura, A. Koda,
K. Nagamine, T. Ogitsu, A. Yamamoto, K. Sasaki, K. Tanaka, N. Kimura, Y. Makida, Y. Ajima, K.
Ishida, Y. Matsuda, “The Next Generation Muon
Source at J-PARC/MLF”, AIP Conf. Proc. 1222
420-424 (2010).
[5] P. Bakule, Y. Matsuda, Y. Miyake, K. Nagamine,
M. Iwasaki, Y. Ikedo, K. Shimomura, P. Strasser,
S. Makimura, “Pulsed source of ultra low energy
positive muons for near-surface µSR studies”,
Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 266 335346 (2008).

Y. Miyake1,2, K. Shimomura1,2, N. Kawamura1,2, P. Strasser1,2, A. Koda1,2, H. Fujimori1,2, S. Makimura1,2, M. Kato1,2,
K. Nishiyama1,2, Y. Ikedo1,2, K.M. Kojima1,2, R. Kadono1,2, W. Higemoto3, T.U. Ito3, and K. Ninomiya3
1
Muon Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK); 2Muon Science Section, Materials and Life Science
Division, J-PARC center; 3Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)

128

Muon Science of MLF 2010

Fabrication of the To-Be-Installed Rotating Target
for Muon Production

At J-PARC/MUSE, the fixed edge-cooling method has been adopted for cooling the muon target.
However, it is predicted that the graphite will break
down in six months due to radiation damage [1]. To
extend the lifetime of the muon target, we are planning to adopt the rotating target method, which candistribute the radiation damage of graphite to a wider area. In the present schedule, a new rotating target will be installed in the beamline in the summerof 2013. The muon target will be so highly irradiatedthat the maintenance must be performed from themaintenance area located 2.4 m above the beamline level. In addition, a 2-m high plug shield is necessary between the primary proton beam and themaintenance area for radiation shielding. Becauseof the high radiation, the boundary of the vacuum,
the motion drive, the rotation system, and so on,must be positioned at the maintenance area. So far
the rotating target itself and a heating and rotating
system were fabricated, and endurance tests of the
bearings have been performed [2]. In the summerof 2011, the actual rotating target will be fabricatedand delivered.
In the actual rotating target, the rotation generated by the servo-motor, which is located at themaintenance area, is transmitted to a bevel gear by
a 2.7-m long shaft penetrating a stainless steel rod,called the target rod. The shaft must include an additional shield to prevent radiation from reaching out
through the gap between the shaft and the target
rod. Since the shaft is supported by bearings, theaxial load due to the weight of the additional shieldmust also be held by the bearings. Considering thehigh radiation environment, an inorganic solid lubricant is utilized for the bearings. In general, an angular contact ball bearing is used with an axial load.
However, since an angular contact ball bearing
with lubricant is not commercially available, a deep
groove ball bearing with lubricant must be applied
to the rotating target. Because the lifetime of the
bearing is predicted to be short, the bearing mustbe easily replaceable from the maintenance area
without transporting the whole target assembly tothe hot cell [3]. Also, the long shaft is composed ofseveral short shafts because it is too long for manufacturing. The shaft weight is only supported by theupper bearings and the lower bearings supports
only the shaft for radial constraints. The rotation of
the motor at the maintenance area is transmitted toeach shaft by couplings that have keys to avoid slipping in the rotating direction. Simultaneously, only
one end of each coupling is rigidly connected to theshaft to absorb the thermal expansion between theshaft and the target rod. Figure 1 shows the actual
rotating target under fabrication. It will be deliveredin September of 2011.

Figure 1. The actual rotating target under fabrication at thefactory.

Muon Science of MLF 2010129

References[1] S. Makimura et al., Proceedings of the 2nd Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society ofJapan and the 30th Linear Accelerator Meetingin Japan, July 20-22, 2005, Tosu Japan, p173175.
[2] S. Makimura et al., MLF Annual Report 2009,p103[3] S. Makimura et al., Proceedings of the 7th Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Society ofJapan, Aug. 4-6, 2010, Himeji, Japan, p479483.

S. Makimura, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kawamura, Y. Miyake, P. Strasser, A. Koda, H. Fujimori, K. Shimomura,
K. M. Kojima, and R. Kadono
Muon Section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center

130

Muon Science of MLF 2010

Control System for the Rotating Target for Muon Production

At J-PARC/MUSE, the most intense pulsed
muon beam has continuously been produced witha proton beam of 120 kW since the run cycle in November of 2009. At present, the fixed edge-coolingmethod has been adopted for cooling the muon target. However, it is predicted that the graphite will
break down in six months due to radiation damage if the proton beam power reaches 1 MW [1].
Because of the high radiation, the boundary of thevacuum, the motion drive, the rotation system, thefeedthroughs for the signal cables, the thermo-couples, the water pipes, and so on, must be positioned
at the maintenance area. In addition, three positions
must be obtained on the muon target location: (1)the muon target position for in-beam operation, (2)the profile monitor position for monitoring the beamprofile, and (3) the clear position with no components in the proton beam path. Hence, a target rod
consisting of a stainless rod, a muon target and a
profile monitor can be precisely moved along an
up-down linear motion guide. The signal cables, thethermo-couples, the shaft for a rotation and the water pipes go through the target rod.
To communicate with the entire MLF control system, the rotating target will be controlled througha common PLC (Programmable logic controller)
system. Preparing for beam operations under highradiation, newly upgraded servo-motor systems,
which are developed by Wako-Giken Co. Ltd. andcomposed of radiation-resistant materials, are introduced for both the up-down motion and the rotation.
In June of 2011, we fabricated the prototype of the
PLC control system, which included just a controller for the rotation and the up-down motion. The
servo-motor system has a resolver encoder to detect not an absolute position but a relative position,and requires a zero-position determination system.
The up-down motion system is located at the maintenance area. If the zero-position is determinedthrough a limit switch at the maintenance area far
away from the beam level, a precise positioning of

the muon target cannot be guaranteed because of
the length variation of the target rod due to temperature fluctuation and distortion from the vacuum load.
To achieve a precise position, the zero-position
should be physically determined by a mechanicalstopping position on the linear motion guide fixed
on the plug shield, which is in the vacuum chamber only 1 m away from the beam position. To avoid
the servo-motor giving a torque to the target rod directly, the motor stops operating just before the mechanical stopping position decided through a limit
switch. In order to determine the zero position, we
temporally suppress the servo motor and the brake;
the slide mechanism moves slowly due to the pressure difference between the vacuum vessel and theatmospheric pressure so that it hits the limit switch.
Figure 1 shows a picture of the control system andthe servo-motors.
A logging system to monitor the motor current,
thermo-couples, and MPS (Machine Protection
System) will be completed before the installation.

Figure 1. A picture of the control system and the servo-motors.

Muon Science of MLF 2010131

Reference[1]	1) S. Makimura et al., Proceeding of the 2nd
Annual Meeting of Particle Accelerator Societyof Japan and the 30th Linear Accelerator Meeting in Japan, July 20-22, 2005, Tosu Japan,
p173-175.

Y. Kobayashi, S. Makimura, and Y. Miyake
Muon Section, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

132

Muon Science of MLF 2010

Status of Superconducting Solenoid and On-Line
Refrigeration System for the Decay/Surface Muon Channel

A conventional superconducting muon channel which can extract surface (positive) muons anddecay positive/negative muons up to 120 MeV/c,
is success-fully operating at the MLF experimental
hall II. The superconducting solenoid magnet of 6 mof length consists of twelve units of 0.5 m coil. The
magnet coil is forced-indirectly cooled by a supercritical helium gas (4.8 K at 0.80 MPaG) supplied
from the on-line helium refrigeration system. The
maximum magnetic field was designed to be up to
5 T (current 730 A) at the operational temperature
6 K. The present magnetic field for normal operation for surface/decay muon extraction is 0.308 T(45 A)/2.33 T (340 A), respectively.
For the long-term stable operation, an on-line
helium refrigeration system is employed. The cooling power of the on-line helium refrigeration system
is 35 W at 4.5 K and 200 W at 80 K, and it canalso produce 8 l/h of liquid helium. The whole system is monitored and controlled by a VME controller
combined with a personal computer with dedicatedsoftware based on LabVIEW System, and cools
down automatically. The typical cooling period fromroom temperature to operation temperature (~5 K)
is about 3 days. The long-term (typically 1 month)
operation is now established under quite stablecondition.
To prevent any serious damage to the su-perconducting solenoid and the helium refrigeration
system, a VME based interlock system is installed.
The system can detect any anomaly in the voltage
and temperature of the solenoid and the power
lead. The trip signals from the helium refrigeration
system and the electric power supply are also included. Once any emergency status is detected, theelectric power supply immediately stops, then thecurrent supply and the refrigeration system changes to self-operation mode. By adding these interlock
systems, this part can also automatically record thetemperatures and pressures of the superconducting
coils, the helium refrigeration system and the power

leads. All rec-orded data are also monitored andstored at the MLF control room by using MELSECNET.
However, these systems were rather old andnot fit for remote monitoring via internet. Also, ourold control system could not change any parameter
during the operation. To improve these points, in
JFY 2009, we constructed a new remote monitoring
system based on DeMPICS for VME control software and HITS for operating and monitoring DeMPICS, which was basically developed for cryogenic
systems of neutrino beamline. All recorded data arealso stored at the Neutrino superconducting magnet
control room at this time and can be seen by PC
in J-LAN. During almost one year of operation, the
new system works well.
In JFY 2010, the solenoid and on-line refrigeration system has operated smoothly for more than
5000 hrs, until the gigantic earthquake on March
11th 2011. At that time, the system was just operating, however, it stopped in a safely manner andthere was no He gas release. The damage dueto the ground sinkage is rather serious, especiallythe He piping from outside compressor building,which was warped as shown in Fig.1. Therefore wemust repair the three He high-pressure pipes, thelow pressure from the compressor and the buffer
pass. The other components like solenoid, cold box
and transfer tubes fortunately were not damaged.
Also all the cabling and interlock system seems to
be O.K. in a room temperature condition. We will
check the leakage and the pressure resistance forall compo-nents. The estimated recovery time is theend of No-vember 2011.

Muon Science of MLF 2010133

Figure 1. The broken He piping for the refrigerator, which islocated just outside of the MLF building.

K. Shimomura, Y. Nemoto, Y. Kobayashi, A. Koda, K. Nishiyama, and Y. Miyake
Muon Science Laboratory , High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Tsukuba
1
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai

134

Muon Science of MLF 2010

DC-separator Performance at D-line

In August of JFY 2010 a pair of new high voltage power supplies (Matsusada Precision Inc. +250
kV and -250 kV) were installed for DC separator at
D-line which had been operated by ±100 kV power
supply. A better suppression of positron backgroundwas expected by higher applied electric field andcorresponding magnetic field. The same DC- separator was used with minor changes at high voltage
electrode terminal and separator stand to enlarge
the space to the ground. Also special care was taken
for the cable termination at the electrode terminal.
At the end of the cable, the isolation was strengthened by corn shape elastomer molded around thecable (Fig1).
Because of the narrowness of D1-tunnel with
1200mm width and 3000mm height, the distancefrom the electrode terminal to the surrounding object on the earth potential is only 35cm (downward)
and 46cm (upward). Even after several days conditioning, discharging with thunder clap was observed
frequently at applied voltage over 220 kV, it occurs
seldom at 200 kV. For the usual users operation
the high voltage was set to 185 kV to achieve very
stable performance.
The thunder phenomena were caused mainlyby the discharging from positive terminal to the air.
Also in the chamber discharge between two electrodes and from electrode to the chamber was observed without large clap noise. During the performance test and even usual beam time, thunder-likedischarge caused several incidents of the magnetic
power supplies, such as DQ7, DB2, and superconducting solenoid. In some cases the cooling system
for the superconducting solenoid was affected andrecovering time costed beam time of several hours
to a few days. To avoid these mal-functions, noise
cutter such as capacitor and ferrite core are added

to the control circuit of magnet power supplies.
To hinder the continuous discharge, the highvoltage is shut down automatically if the current exceeds the preset limits. Alarm system with red rotating lamp was installed in the cabin to warn experimenters in case of high voltage shut down. Recovery of high voltage can be done manually resetting
the power supply on local mode after stopping thecorrection coil current.
Another problem is the unstable behavior (discharge in the vacuum under magnetic field) at lower
voltage (< 45 kV) for lower muon momentum setting
less than 10 MeV/c. This phenomenon was foundduring the muonic X-ray measurement with very low
momentum negative muon and will be studied more
precisely during the beam shut down period.

Figure 1. The cable terminal of DC-separator.

K. Nishiyama, Y. Kobayashi, H. Fujimori, P. Strasser, A. Koda, N. Kawamura, K. Shimomura, K. M. Kojima, and Y. Miyake.
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 2University of Tokyo

Muon Science of MLF 2010135

Muon Kicker System for the Decay Beam Line at J-PARC

1. Introduction
The double pulse proton beam from the J-PARC
3 GeV Rapid Cycling Synchrotron (RCS) hits themuon production target in the Materials and Life
Science Facility (MLF), and produces muon pulses.
The muon pulses are then transported through the
decay muon line to the experimental areas (D1 and
D2). A kicker system is used to separate the muon
pulses and feed them to each experimental area simultaneously as shown in Figure 1. Fine tuning of
the pulse shape to meet the requirements on therise time and uniformity at the flat top is in progress.

In the case the cable return is insulated fromor shorted with the housing, the pulse shapes areshown in Figure 3. The former has a structure at theflat top and the latter is slower in rise-time. Whena damper (5 Ω) was inserted in between the returnand the housing, the pulse shape was improved(see Figure 4). Now the rise time of the peak current
from 5% to 95% is about 500 ns and the uniformity
at the flat top is less than ±4% for 400ns. Further
fine tuning of the pulse shape is needed in order tomeet the design requirements of a rise time of lessthan 300 ns and uniformity at the flat top of ±3% for
300 ns, respectively.

DSY1
DK1
DK2
DSY2

Figure 3. Insulated and shorted pulse shapes.

D-SeptumD1-AREA

D2-AREA

Figure 1. The decay muon line and the muon kicker system.

2. Fine Tuning of the Pulse ShapeThe outline of the main circuit is shown in Figure
2. Although both the cable returns (Return) and the
housing of the power supply (Housing) are at thesame DC potential, they could have a potential difference at high-frequency. In other words, each wiring connecting between them has an inductance at
high-frequency region of a few hundred MHz.

Figure 4. Damper (5 Ω) inserted pulse shape.

The rise time can be effectively shortened by decreasing the inductance load by reducing the polepiece length. In practice one of the two kicker magnets was modified as follows: some ferrite coresfrom which the pole piece is constructed were replaced with Teflon cores as shown in Figure 5. As
a result, the inductance load was reduced from 1.5
μH to 1.1 μH as measured by a LCR detector.

3 coaxial cables㸦 Z0 =

PFN

Retur
HousinMagn
Damp

Matching

Figure 2. Outline of the kicker main circuit.

136

Muon Science of MLF 2010

Figure 5. Modified kicker magnet pole piece.

3. Summary
Field measurements with a search-coil are in
progress. The installation of the kicker system (seeFigure 6) is scheduled for the summer of 2011. Afterthe installation, fine tuning of the pulse shape willcontinue for the beam operation through the winterof 2011.

References[1]	H. Fujimori et al., KEK-MSL Report 2009, 8[2] P. Strasser, H. Fujimori et al., New Muon Kicker
System for the Decay Muon Beamline at JPARC, Proceedings of the International Conference on Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation
and Resonance (μSR2011), May 16-20, 2011,
Cancun, Mexico

Figure 6. Muon Kicker System.

H. Fujimori1, P. Strasser1, K. Koseki2, Y. Hori2, H. Matsumoto2, Y. Irie2, J. Nakamura1, K. Nishiyama1, and Y. Miyake1

Materials and Life Science Division, J-PARC Center; 2 Accelerator Laboratory High Energy Accelerator Research Organization

1

Muon Science of MLF 2010

137

Installation of the Dilution Refrigerator at J-PARC MUSE

For studies of material, low temperature electronic and magnetic properties it is often important
to clarify an intrinsic ground state of the system. To
meet the strong demands from the users for experiments below 1 K, we are installing the dilution refrigerator (DR) at D1 area, MUSE. The DR was previously used at KEK-MSL and it was able to achievea temperature lower than 20 mK. The main featureof the DR is a “top-loading” system. For a usual dilution refrigerator, the dilution unit must be warmed
up to the room temperature to change a sample.
Therefore, it takes a few days to change and cool
down a sample. Meanwhile, in our top loading DR(Fig. 1), a sample can be changed by unloading or
loading just only the sample holder. By using thissystem, we can change and cool the sample down
to lowest temperature within 12 hours. This feature
is quite useful for a μSR experiment.

In February 2010, we transported the DR system from Tsukuba to Tokai, and started installation
at J-PARC MUSE. We also constructed the special
stage for the DR. Figure 2 shows the DR, mounted
on the stage at D1 area.
In the beginning of the installation, we foundthat there was serious leakage at the plate heatexchanger part of the DR unit. In addition, several
problems of the thermometers, the heaters and thevacuum sealing had been found. These problems
have been already fixed. Unfortunately, the installation of the DR is partially incomplete, due to theearthquake on March 11th. Therefore, the DR will beavailable for user experiments in 2012.

Figure 2. The DR mounted on the stage at the D1 area.

Figure 1. The top loading DR unit.

W. Higemoto, and A.Koda1
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)
1
Muon Science Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK)138

Muon Science of MLF 2010

Development of a Fly-Past System for the DΩ1 Spectrometer

In J-PARC MUSE, high statistic µSR data iseasily obtained utilizing the world’s most intense
pulsed muon beam. On the other hand, the pulsedµSR has a disadvantage: a signal from the muons
which missed a sample cannot be rejected since
single event vetoing is not possible. The sample
is typically mounted on a large silver plate and themuons stopped in the plate make a nontrivial contribution to µSR asymmetry. The fractional weight forthe sample in the full asymmetry is approximately
proportional to the ratio of sample cross-section tobeam spot size. Thus, a relatively large amount ofsample which covers the cross-section > 200 mm2
is required for conventional pulsed µSR experiments at J-PARC MUSE.
A ‘fly-past’ system is an answer to overcome thisproblem. The idea of the fly-past system is drawn in
Fig. 1. A long vacuum chamber of a large diameteris attached to the beam exit. A sample is mounted
on the same or smaller sized sample holder andthese are suspended at the center of the chamber.
The sample holder is attached to a cryostat by ametallic plate, which is arranged so that its exposedarea to the muon beam is minimized. A moderately
collimated muon beam is incident to the vacuum

chamber. A part of the muons hit the sample and the
decay positrons are detected by coupled positroncounters as coincidence events. The muons ‘flyingpast’ the sample are trans-ported downstream in
the long vacuum chamber. De-cay positrons emitted from the muons stopped far away from thespectrometer are separable using the coincidenceof two counters telescope looking into the sample
position. The fly-past technique has been adopted
in other pulsed muon facilities (RAL) and contributed to improving the signal to noise ratio (S/N) [1].
We developed a fly-past system for the DΩ1
spec-trometer. The fly-past system was designed
so that the vacuum chamber is easily attached to/detached from the beam line for general purpose
use. An existing 4 K cryostat can be mounted. We
have carried out commissioning experiments in the
D1 area using a surface muon beam. We measured
transverse field (TF) µSR spectra in a TF of 20 Oe
for Ag and Ho samples with the cross sectional areas of 25, 100, and 400 mm2. The former (Ag) has
the µSR asymmetry of AAg+BG, and the latter (Ho)has the asymmetry of ABG after t > 2 µs. The S/N ratio was extracted from the asymmetries as (AAg+BGABG)/AAg for each sample cross-section. As shown

Figure 1. A schematic diagram of the fly-past system for theDΩ1 spectrometer.

Figure 2. T he S/N ratio as a function of sample cross-section. The inset shows typical TF-µSR signals for
the Ho and Ag samples after t=2µs.

Muon Science of MLF 2010139

in the Fig. 2, the installation of the fly-past system
has greatly improved the S/N ratio and µSR measurements using a tiny sample as small as 5x5 mm2
are now possible. On the other hand, beam profile
studies using a muon imaging plate indicate that a
considerable amount of muons hits the inner wall of
the chamber near the positron counters. For further
improvement of the S/N ratio, beam pa-rametersmust be optimized for the fly-past mode.
Reference[1]	M. C. Lynch et al., Physica B 326 270-274(2003).

T. U. Ito1,2, K. Ninomiya1,2, W. Higemoto1,2, A. Koda2,3, K. M. Kojima2,3, M. Hiraishi3,4, M. Miyazaki3,4, and Y. Miyake2,31
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency
2
Muon Science Section, MLF Division, J-PARC Center
3
Muon Science Laboratory, IMSS, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization(KEK)4
Department of Materials Structure Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies

140

Muon Science of MLF 2010

Status of Superomega for the U Beamline of MUSE

The Superomega muon beamline, which is designed to deliver as many surface muons as m possible, is currently under construction at the Muon
Science Establishment (MUSE) of J-PARC’s Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF), . The Superomega beamline consists of normal-conducting capture solenoids, the superconducting curved transport solenoids, and a superconducting axial focusing solenoid. Currently we have a capture solenoid,
which was installed in March 2009 [1]. The transportsolenoid is now under fabrication by Toshiba Corp.
The conceptual design of the axial focusing solenoid was completed, and the mechanical design isunderway.
As an additional functionality of the axial focusing solenoid, three-stage separators of Wien filter
type are placed in the spaces between the cryostatsof the axial focusing solenoid in order to eliminate
the positron background efficiently. The electrodes
can be applied with voltages of up to ±400 kV. All
positrons are designed to be eliminated by hitting
the beamline ducts and the third lower positive electrode.

Capture solenoid

Curved transportsolenoid
Axial focusing solenoid

Figure 1. A design sketch and beam transport calculation of
the Superomega.

Figure 2. A photo of the first curved section of the Superomega.

References[1] K. Nakahara et al., Nucl. Inst. and Meth. in Phys.
Res., vol. A600, pp.132-134, 2009.
[2] Muons, Inc. 552 Nm Batavia Avenue, Batavia,
IL, available at http://www.muonsinc.com.

Y. Ikedo1, Y. Miyake1, K. Shimomura1, P. Strasser1, K. Nishiyama1, N. Kawamura1, H. Fujimori1, S. Makimura1, A. Koda1,
T. Ogitsu1, Y. Makida1, T. Adachi2, M. Yoshida1, T. Nakamoto1, K. Sasaki1, T. Okamura1, W. Higemoto3, and K. Ishida4High Energy Accelerator Research Organization; 2University of Tokyo; 3Japan Atomic Energy Agency; 4RIKEN

1

Muon Science of MLF 2010141

Facility ReportBeam Operation Status at MLF
In February 2009, a leakage was found at the accumulator of the cryogenic hydrogen system in the neutron
source and the beam operation was cancelled. In April
2010, the beam operation started for the recovering fromthe failure of the cryogenic systems. Following Runs #33
and 34, a very stable beam operation was achieved withbeam power of 120 kW without significant troubles. Although some troubles due to impurity of helium in the
cryogenic system appeared in Run #35, a remarkably
good beam availability of about 90 % was achieved.
In JFY 2010, some of the new neutron beam lines
were constructed. Because of the budget profile, newbeam lines could not be constructed during the summer
maintenance period. Eventually, the duration of beamstop for construction of new beam lines was scheduled
for the month of December 2011.
Since November 2010 in Run #36, we started a very
steady beam operation with power of 200 kW. In orderto perform beam operation efficiently, long duration ofmachine time per one period is required. After Run #36,
the duration of the beam operation per one period was
extended to two months because of demonstration of along life ion source. During Run #38, we had the megaearthquake on March 11th.  After that, the beam operation
was cancelled.
Table 1. Run cycle, scheduled time and availability.

Run#

Scheduled Time (h).

Availability

32

22

93.4

33

487

93.4

34

397

91.7

35

362

42.5

36

925

76.4

37

641

99.5

38

418

19.9

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Figure 1.   Beam power trend at MLF and cumulative beam power since the first beam.

Users at MLF
In the period of 2010A (June 1st-November 30th) and2010B (December 1st - March 31st 2011), there are 76
days and 42 days beam operation (scheduled) for user
programs, respectively. As of the users in fiscal year

144

Facility Report of MLF 20102010, 1,174 visitors came to MLF and 5,558 person-daysof beam time were allocated in total. These numbers increased almost 60% from the last year (2009).

Accepted proposals list for MLF experiments in JFY2010A (Noutron)
Beam
Line

Proposal ID

1

BL-01

2010A0003

2

BL-01

3

ApplicantAfﬁliation

Title of experiment

NaoyukiKatayama

University of Virginia

High energy spin excitation in spin singlet trimer state of
BaV10O15

2010A0004

NaoyukiKatayama

University of Virginia

Evolution of magnetic excitations with Se substitution in
Fe1.01SexTe1-x near the quantum critical point

BL-01

2010A0005

NaoyukiKatayama

University of Virginia Magnetic ﬂuctuations in Sr2RuO4

4

BL-01

2010A0014

HajimeSagayama

Tohoku University

Spin and orbital excitations in spinel vanadate

5

BL-01

2010A0070

MasatoMatsuura

Osaka University

Study of Ni-doping effect on the magnetic excitation in
high-Tc cuprates La1.85Sr0.15CuO4

6

BL-08

2010A0006

Yasushi
IdemotoTokyo University of
Science

Effects of a synthetic process and a heat-treatment on
crystal structures of lithium-rich layered cathode active
materials for lithium ion battery

7

BL-08

2010A0019

Je-Geun Park

Sungkyunkwan univ.
KOREA

Structural studies of Ir oxides, Sr2IrO4 and Sr3Ir2O7

8

BL-08

2010A0023

Yuji Noguchi

University of Tokyo

Investigations of ferroelectric crystal structures for Bibased perovskite ferroelectric oxides

9

BL-08

2010A0030

Masatomo
Yashima

Tokyo Institute ofTechnology

Structural Origin of Large Oxygen Permeability in the
Pr2NiO4-Based Mixed Conductors

10

BL-08

2010A0037

Masatomo
Yashima

Tokyo Institute ofTechnology

Positional Disorder and Crystal Structure of Ceria-Zirconia
Catalysts; Structural origin for high bulk oxygen diffusivity
and high catalytic activity?

11

BL-08

2010A0039

BrendanKennedy

Professor

Phase Separation in SmVO3

12

BL-08

2010A0054

Yingxia Wang

Peking University

HRPD Characterization of two rare earth ﬂuorite-related
compounds:La(Sb0.5Co0.5)3Ox(1) and La12CaCr4O30(2)

13

BL-08

2010A0060

Ryoji Kanno

Tokyo Institute ofTechnology

Crystal structure analysis of Thio-LISICONs - Super ionic
conductor for lithium batteries

14

BL-08

2010A0068

Shigeomi Takai Tottori University

Ordering and stabilization of Pb- and Bi- doped La2Mo2O9
Neutron Powder Diffraction Studies of Lithium Battery
Electrode Materials with Tunnel Structure
Structural study on novel pyrochlore-type oxides showing
metal-insulator transition

15

BL-08

2010A0083

National Institute ofAdvanced Industrial
Norihito Kijima
Science andTechnology (AIST)

16

BL-08

2010A0067

Ayako
Yamamoto

17

BL-08

2010A0074

High Energy
Hironori Nakao Accelerator Research
Organization

Co spin-state ordering in Sr1-xRxCo4O10.5 (R=Rare Earth)

18

BL-10

2010A0034

Hiroyuki Nojiri Tohoku University

High Magnetic Field Neutron Diffractions in Frustrated
Multi-ferroics

RIKEN

19

BL-10

2010A0021

浅井 弘彰

HIREC Corporation

半導体素子のシングルイベント耐性試験に係る白色中性子場のフィージビリティ評価（その３）
Feasibility study on semiconductors under the white
neutron ﬁeld (3)

20

BL-10

2010A0011

TatsuyaNakamura

Japan Atomic Energy
AgencyDevelopment of neutron detectors

21

BL-10

2010A0038

Ishida Takekazu

Osaka Prefecture
University

Development of new type MgB2 neutron detector

22

BL-14

2010A0075

Yukinobu
Kawakita

Kyushu University

Relaxation mechanism in molecular liquid with strong
intermolecular correlations

Facility Report of MLF 2010

145

Beam
Line

Proposal ID

23

BL-14

2010A0042

HiroshiNakagawa

Japan Atomic Energy
AgencySequence dependent DNA dynamics by TOF-elastic
resolution spectroscopy

24

BL-14

2010A0008

Je-Geun Park

Sungkyunkwan univ.
KOREA

Spin dynamics of new multiferroic BiFeO3 single crystal

25

BL-14

2010A0044

Maiko Kofu

University of Tokyo

Spin dynamics in novel rare-earth based single-moleculemagnets

26

BL-16

2010A0077

Hideki Seto

IMSS KEK

Salt distribution at the interface between water and organic
solvent

27

BL-16

2010A0057

Ryoji Kanno

Tokyo Institute ofTechnology

Interface structure analysis of lithium battery electrodes
using neutron reﬂectometry

28

BL-16

2010A0022

原田 雅史

株式会社豊田中央研 ナフィオン / プラチナ界面の構造解析 Structure of the究所
naphion/platinum interface

29

BL-16

2010A0025

簗嶋 裕之

住友化学 ( 株 )中性子反射率法による高分子薄膜／高分子薄膜界面の構造解析 Structure analysis of polymer interface

30

BL-19

2010A0012

Jun AbeJapan Atomic Energy
AgencyResidual strain measurements of geological material

31

BL-19

2010A0047

Yo Tomota

Ibaraki University

In situ neutron diffraction during bainitic transformationfrom plastically deformed austenite

32

BL-19

2010A0048

Yo Tomota

Ibaraki University

In situ neutron diffraction during tension-compression
cyclic deformation in advanced steels and cast irons

33

BL-19

2010A0050

Masaru Tomita

Railway TechnicalResearch InstituteFlux-pinning-induced stress and magnetostriction in bulk
superconductors

34

BL-19

2010A0081

Satoshi Awaji

Tohoku University

Three dimensional strain analysis of the Nb3Sn
superconducting composite cables

35

BL-19

2010A0085

Yoshinori
Tsuchiya

National Institute forMaterials Science

Neutron diffraction study of sintering reaction processes forsuperconducting materials

36

BL-19

2010A0013

平野 辰巳（株）日立製作所日立研究所

エンジン用ピストンの残留応力評価 (3) Residual stressin pistons for engines (3)

37

BL-19

2010A0024

濱名 雅之

NISSAN MOTOR
CO.,LTD.

自動車アルミ鋳造部品の内部残留応力計測 Internal
residual stress measurement in Cast Aluminum for
automobile

Afﬁliation

Title of experiment

38

BL-19

2010A0065

鈴木 環輝

新日本製鐵（株）

中性子回折法による超音波打撃処理した十字継手溶
接鋼板および溶接まま十字溶接鋼板内部の残留応力測定 Residual stress measurement of welded steels treatedby supersonic wave

39

BL-19

2010A0017

NobuakiTakahashi

Japan Atomic Energy
AgencyR&D of a time-spatial-focusing crystal-analyzer for neutron
inelastic spectrometers

40

BL-03

2010A0010

Tsunehisa
KimuraKyoto University

Single crystal neutron diffraction study of microcrystalline
powder of biomolecules by pseudo-single crystal method

41

BL-03

2010A0084

MiwakoTakahashi

University of Tsukuba

Crystal Structure of a lead-based inorganic-organic
perovskite (C5H10NH2)PbBr3

42

BL-03

2010A0009

Toshiyuki
Chatake

Kyoto University

Neutron Crystallographic analysis of human hemoglobin toreveal its oxygen binding mechanism.

43

BL-03

2010A0027

AndreyKovalevsky

Los Alamos National
Laboratory

Neutron Diffraction study of apo-D-Xylose Isomerase incomplex with per-deuterated D-glucose.

44

BL-03

2010A0029

Yoko Sugawara Kitasato University

Neutron diffraction analysis of disodium uridine
5,-monophosphate heptahydrate in low temperature phase

45

146

Applicant

BL-03

2010A0040

Facility Report of MLF 2010

Tae-Sung Yoon

Korea ResearchInstitute of Bioscience Neutron diffraction structure analysis of catalytic domains& Biotechnology
of protein tyrosine phosphatase family(KRIBB)

Beam
Line

Proposal ID

ApplicantAfﬁliation

46

BL-20

2010A0001

Minoru Soda

Osaka University

Crystal and magnetic structures in (1-x)BiFeO3-xBaTiO3
with relaxor-like behavior

47

BL-20

2010A0049

Dyah
Adipranoto

Ibaraki University

Research on structure-function relationships in the high ion
conductor

48

BL-20

2010A0058

Ryoji Kanno

Tokyo Institute ofTechnology

Crystal structure analysis of Li2MO3 (M=Co,Ni,Mn)reduced by metal hydride - New cathode material for
lithium batteries

49

BL-20

2010A0064

TakashiKamiyama

High Energy
Accelerator Research
Organization

Studies on Jomon Pottery (Cord Impressed Ware from
B.C.13000)

50

BL-20

2010A0073

Hidetoshi
Oguro

Ibaraki University

Residual strain measurement for Nb3Sn strand cable byneutron diffraction

51

BL-20

2010A0032

Taku Iiyama

Shinshu University

The investigation of the change of hydrogen-bonding
structure of water molecular assemblies with the size ofhydrophobic nanospace

52

BL-20

2010A0055

Hiroaki Mamiya

National Institute forMaterials Science

Neutron scattering study of the highly diluted spinel ferrite

Title of experiment

Facility Report of MLF 2010147

Accepted proposals list for MLF experiments in JFY2010A (Muon)

148

Beamline

Proposal ID

ApplicantAfﬁliation

1

D1

2010A0031

Jun Sugiyama

Toyota Central
R&D Labs. Inc

2

D1

2010A0051

Kenya Kubo

International
Development of non-destructive multi-elemental analysis
Christian University system by muonic X-ray

3

D1

2010A0041

Jun Sugiyama

Toyota Central
R&D Labs. Inc

Li diffusion in LiFePO4 and related materials

4

D1

2010A0059

Koichiro
Shimomura

IMSS KEK

MuSR study on isolated hydrogen charge state in oxgen
deﬁcient SrTiO3

5

D1

2010A0028

Teikyo University
Masao Doyama of Science andTechnology

Applications of imaging plates to the study of muon science

6

D1

2010A0078

Tadashi Adachi Tohoku University

Effects of nonmagnetic, magnetic and electrostatic
impurities on the Cu-spin correlation and superconductivity
in high-Tc cuprates

7

D1

2010A0056

Khashayar
Ghandi

Faculty member

Studies of muonium formation in liquids

8

D1

2010A0046

Kazuhiko
Ninomiya

Japan Atomic
Energy Agency

Study on the relation between molecular structure andmuon state of the ﬁrst step of muon capture phenomena for
nitrogen and oxygen compounds (2)9D12010A0069

Kenji Kojima

IMSS KEK

Magnetism and superconductivity of geometricallyfrustrated Ir-oxides and sulﬁdes10

D1

2010A0053

Akihiro Koda

IMSS KEK

Microscopic characterization of the nano-domain
ferromagnet FINEMET

Saga University

Investigation of exotic magnetic states in geometricallyfrustrated materials of pyrochlore lattice Ni2(OH)3Cl andtriangular lattices Ni2(OH)3Br, Ni2(OH)3I, Co2(OH)3Br andCo2(OH)3I

Marian University

Muon States in Nanostructured Carbon Materials

11

D1

2010A0062

Xu-Guang
Zheng

12

D1

2010A0026

Roderick
MacraeFacility Report of MLF 2010

Title of experiment
The doping effect on the formation of H\muH bond in MgH2

MLF Division Staff 2010
Director
Vice Director

Masatoshi Arai (JAEA)
Hideki Seto (KEK)
Takashi Kato (JAEA)

Neutron Source Section
Leader
Sub-Leader

JAEA
Masatoshi Futakawa
Hiroshi Takada
Fujio Maekawa
Shinichi Sakamoto
Katsuhiro Haga
Shinichiro Meigo
Sakai Kenji
Yoshimi Kasugai
Makoto Teshigawara
Tomokazu Aso
Hidetaka Kinoshita
Kenichi Oikawa
Masahide Harada
Shoichi Hasegawa
Hiroyuki Kogawa
Takasi Wakui
Tetsuya Kai
Masakazu Seki
Akihiko Watanabe
Akira Ogawa

Kiichi Ohtsu
Toshiaki Uehara
Kiyomi Ikezaki
Tetsuya Haraguchi
Kohei Hanano
Hideki Tatsumoto
Motoki Ohi
Yoshihiko Kawakami
Manabu Ito
Hisashi Sakurayama
Takeshi Naoe
Atsushi Akutsu
Toru Suzuki
Masato Ida
Kenichi Kanomata
Hiroshi Tomita
Tatsuhiro Tomita
Kazuki Koishihara
Shizuka Yoshinari
Chieko Higuchi

Neutron Science Section
LeaderKEK
Takashi Kamiyama
Susumu Ikeda
Hideki Seto
Toshiya Otomo
Tetsuya Yokoo
Norifumi Yamada
Shuki Torii
Tomohiro Seya
Masataka Sakaguchi
Zhang Junrong
Koichiro Sadakane
Hirohiko Shimizu
Shinichi Ito

Takashi Ino
Setsuo SatohHidenori Sagehashi
Suguru Muto
Naokatsu Kaneko
Masao Yonemura

Sub-Leader

JAEA
Kazuya Aizawa
Kentarao Suzuya
Junichi Suzuki
Kenji Nakajima
Takayuki Oku

Facility Report of MLF 2010149

Mitsutaka Nakamura
Ryoichi Kajimoto
Stefanus Harjo
Kaoru Shibata
Takeshi Nakatani
Shinichi Takata
Nobuaki Takahashi
Takenao Shinohara
Yukinobu Kawakita
Seiko Kawamura
Hiroshi Arima
Yasuhiro Inamura
Takayoshi Ito
Hiroshi Kira
Tatsuya Kikuchi
Takuro Kawasaki
Jun AbeYoshifumi Sakaguchi
Fumio Mizuno
Hironori Shimakura
Hiroki Ueno
Yuhua Su
Noboru Yoshida

Hiromichi Tanaka
Wataru Kambara
Yukihiro Ito
Takaaki Iwahashi
Atsushi Moriai
Masayasu Takeda
Toyotaka Osakabe
Kazuo Kurihara
Takashi Ohhara
Wataru Utsumi
Shuichi Wakimoto
Takanori Hattori
Itaru Tamura
Koji Kaneko
Asami Sano
Hideo Harada
Atsushi Kimura
Ryoko Aoyama
Chiho Tobe
Yukari Sugikawa
Naoko Shimizu
Junko Akutsu

Neutron Instrumentation Section
Leader

JAEA
Kazuhiko Soyama
Kaoru Sakasai
Dai Yamazaki
Kentaro Toh
Tatsuya Nakamura
Ryuji Maruyama

Hirotoshi Hayashida
Hideshi Yamagishi
Satoru Okayasu
Takuro Sakai
Ryo Yasuda
Mana Hirayama

Muon Section
Leader

150

KEK
Yasuhiro Miyake
Ryosuke Kadono
Koichiro Shimomura
Kenji Kojima
Patrick Strasser
Naritoshi Kawamura
Akihiro Koda
Hiroshi Fujimori
Shunsuke Makimura
Mineo Kato

Facility Report of MLF 2010

Yasuhisa Nemoto
Yasuo Kobayashi
Kusuo Nishiyama
Yutaka Ikedo
Tetsuya Masuda
JAEA
Wataru Higemoto
Takashi Ito
Kazuhiko Ninomiya

Committee and Meetings
Neutron Instrument Proposal Review Committee
中性子実験装置部会
Koichiro Asahi
Muneyuki Imafuku
Kenji Ohyama
Toshiji Kanaya
Hideaki Kitazawa
Mamoru Sato
Mitsuhiro Shibayama
Naoya Torikai
Yasuki Nagai
Yukio Noda
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Michihiro Furusaka
Yukio Morimoto
Kazuyoshi Yamada
Hideki Yoshizawa
Toshio Akai
Yukio Morii
Masatoshi Arai
Takashi Kato
Hideki Seto
Takashi Kamiyama
Hirohiko Shimizu
Toshiya Ootomo
Kazuhiko Soyama
Kenji Nakajima
Kazuhisa Kakurai
Susumu Ikeda

Tokyo Institute of Technology, JapanTokyo City University, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
National Institute for Material Science, Japan
Yokohama City University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Mie University, Japan
Osaka University, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Hokkaido University, Japan
Kyoto University, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
University of Tokyo, Japan
Mitsubishi Chemical Co., Japan
Hitachinaka Techno Center, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

Materials and Life Science Facility Advisory Board

物質・生命科学実験施設利用委員会
Kazuyoshi Yamada
Tohoku University, Japan
Toshiji Kanaya
Kyoto University, Japan
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Kyoto University, Japan
Mamoru Sato
Yokohama City University, Japan
Mitsuhiro Shibayama
University of Tokyo, Japan
Shinichi Kamei
Mitsubishi Research Institute, Japan
Nobuhiko Shinichi
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Teiichiro Matsuzaki
RIKEN, JapanJun Sugiyama
Toyota Central R&D Lab., Japan
Makoto Hayashi
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan

Facility Report of MLF 2010151

Yukio Noda
Yoji Koike
Yujiro Ikeda
Masatoshi Arai
Kazuhisa Kakurai
Junichiro Mizuki
Wataru Utsumi
Junichi Suzuki
Susumu Ikeda
Takashi Kamiyama
Hirohiko Shimizu
Hideki Seto
Yasuhiro Miyake
Ryosuke Kadono

Tohoku University, Japan
Tohoku University, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

Materials and Life Science Facility Proposal Review Committee

物質・生命科学研究施設中性子課題審査部会
Masatoshi AraiJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Takashi Kamiyama
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yasuhiro Miyake
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Susumu Ikeda
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kazuhisa Kakurai
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Takashi KatoJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Hideki Seto
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yukio Noda
Tohoku University, Japan
B. Kennedy
University of Sydney, Australia
Yo Tomota
Ibaraki University, Japan
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Kyoto University, Japan
Junichi Suzuki
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, JapanS. M. Choi
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Korea
Mitsuhiro Shibayama
University of Tokyo, Japan
Toshiji Kanaya
Kyoto University, JapanP. Timmins
Institut Laue-Langevin, France
Mamoru Sato
Yokohama City University, Japan
Yuji Ohashi
Hitachinaka Techno Center, Japan
Kazuyoshi Yamada
Tohoku University, Japan
Hideki Yoshizawa
University of Tokyo, Japan
Takahisa Arima
Tohoku University, Japan
J-G. Park
Seoul National University, Korea
Hideto En’yo
RIKEN, Japan
Makoto Hayashi
Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan
Yoshiaki Akinina
Yokohama City University, Japan
Yukio Morii
Hitachinaka Techno Center, Japan
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Hokkaido University, Japan
Xun-Li Wang
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, U.S.A

152

Facility Report of MLF 2010

物質・生命科学研究施設ミュオン課題審査部会
Masatoshi AraiJapan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Yasuhiro Miyake
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Takashi Kamiyama
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Susumu Ikeda
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yuichiro Nagame
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Kenji Ishida
Kyoto University, Japan
Masao Ogata
University of Tokyo, Japan
Shinsaku Kambe
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Ryosuke KadonoHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yuji Koike
Tohoku University, Japan
Kenya Kubo
International Christian University, Japan
Robert De Renzi
University of Parma, Italy
Hiroshi Kobori
Chiba University, Japan
Shinji Tsuneyuki
University of Tokyo, Japan
Yasuo Nozue
Osaka University, Japan
Katsuhiko Ishida
Riken, Japan
Koichiro Asahi
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Wataru Higemoto
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, JapanKim H. Chow
University of Alberta, JapanKENS Program Advisory Committee

中性子共同利用実験審査委員会
Koichiro Asahi
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Kazuaki Iwasa
Tohoku University, Japan
Wataru Utsumi
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Japan
Hiroyuki Kagi
University of Tokyo, Japan
Mikio Kataoka
Nara Institute of Science and Technology
Toshiji Kanaya
Kyoto University, Japan
Kiyanagi Yoshiaki
Hokkaido University, Japan
Kanno Ryoji
Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan
Takahara Atsushi
Kyushu University, Japan
Toshiharu Fukunaga
Kyoto University, Japan
Michihiro Furusaka
Hokkaido University, Japan
Kazuyoshi Yamada
Tohoku University, Japan
Hideki Yoshizawa
University of Tokyo, Japan
Susumu Ikeda
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Hideki Seto
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Ryosuke KadonoHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Nomura Masaharu
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Masakazu Yoshioka
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Shinichi Itoh
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Toshiya Otomo
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Takashi Kamiyama
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Hirohiko Shimizu
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Youichi MurakamiHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

Facility Report of MLF 2010153

Muon Program Advisory Committee

ミュオン共同利用実験審査委員会
Hiroshi Amitsuka
Hokkaido University, Japan
Yuichiro Nagame
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Masahiko Iwasaki
Riken, Japan
Masao Ogata
University of Tokyo, Japan
Shinsaku Kambe
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yoshitaka Kuno
Osaka University, Japan
Yoji Koike
Tohoku University, Japan
Atsushi Shinohara
Osaka University, Japan
Kenichiro Suzuya
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Masashi Takigawa
University of Tokyo, Japan
Shinji Tsuneyuki
University of Tokyo, Japan
Hiroyuki Nojiri
Tohoku University, Japan
Katsuyuki Fukutani
University of Tokyo
Isao Watanabe
Riken, Japan
Susumu Ikeda
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Hideki Seto
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Ryosuke KadonoHigh Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kenji Ito
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Hitoshi Kobayashi
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Takashi Kamiyama
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Kanta Ono
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Keiichiro Nasu
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan
Yasuhiro Miyake
High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Japan

154

Facility Report of MLF 2010

The Japan Spallation Neutron Sources International Advisory Committee (NIAC)
NIAC-2 (February 28 - March 2, 2011 at IBARAKI Quantum Beam Research Center)
Member list of NIAC-2
Günter Bauer
Stephen Bennington
Kurt Clausen
John Haines
Toshiji Kanaya
Yoshiaki Kiyanagi
Dan Neumann
Robert Robinson
Kazuyuki Yamada

Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH (retired), Germany
Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, UK
Paul Scherre Institute, Switzerland
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA
Kyoto University, Japan
Hokkaido University, Japan
National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA (chair)
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Australia
Tohoku University, Japan

Group photo of NIAC-2

Muon Science Advisory Committee (MuSAC)
MuSAC-9 (February 18-19, 2011 at Tokai Bldg No.1, Tokai Campus, KEK, Japan)
Member list of MuSAC-9
Jun Akimitsu
Hiroshi Amitsuka
Robert Cywinski
Elvezio Morenzoni
Jean-Michel Poutissou
Atsushi Shinohara
Jeff E. Sonier
Eiko Torikai

Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan
Hokkaido University, Japan
University of Huddersfield, UK
Paul Scherrer Institute, Switzerland
TRIUMF, Canada
Osaka University, Japan
Simon Fraser University, Canada
University of Yamanashi, Japan

Facility Report of MLF 2010

155

MuSAC-9 (February 18-19, 2011)

International Advisory Committee on the Single Crystal Diffractometer “SENJU” at J-PARC
August 30-31, 2010, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Laurent Chapon (ISIS, UK), Matthias J. Gutmann (ISIS, UK), Leighton Coates (SNS, USA), Eddy Lelievre-Berna (ILL, France), M. Arai (JAEA), F. Maekawa (JAEA), K. Oikawa (JAEA), I. Tamura (JAEA),
T. Nakamura (JAEA), K. Kaneko (JAEA), T. Oohara (JAEA), T. Oku (JAEA)

Group photo of International Advisory Committee on the Single Crystal Diffractometer “SENJU” at J-PARC

156

Facility Report of MLF 2010

International Advisory Committee on the vertical neutron reflectometer (BL17) at J-PARC
September 21-22, 2010, JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
K. Anderson (ILL, France), F. Klose (ANSTO, Australia), S. Langridge (ISIS, UK), M. Arai (JAEA), F.
Maekawa (JAEA), M. Takeda (JAEA), D. Yamazaki (JAEA), K. Toh (JAEA), T. Nakamura (JAEA), H.
Hayashida (JAEA), H. Kira (JAEA), T. Oku (JAEA)

Group photo of International Advisory Committee on the vertical neutron reflectometer (BL17) at J-PARC

Facility Report of MLF 2010

157

Workshop
2011.1.17-18

Neutron Source

2 MLF Symposium (MLF user meeting)2010.9.29

KEK, Tsukuba, with about 200 participants.

Review on Separate Type Target

Oral presentations (22 for neutron science, 6 for muon science,

MLF, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japanand a special talk by Prof. Fukuyama at Tokyo University of

N. Watanabe, H. Kyoto (Univ. Tsukuba), A. Kaneko (Univ.

nd

Science). Poster presentation (54 for neutron science and 16 forTsukuba), K. Hoshino (Kimura Chemical Plants co., Ltd.),

muon science)

M. Futakawa (JAEA), K. Haga (JAEA), S. Ishihara (Metal

Masatoshi Arai, Susumu Ikeda

Technology Co.Ltd.), T. Wakui (JAEA), K. Kanomata (JAEA),
H. Kogawa (JAEA), Y. Kasugai (JAEA), M. Ida (JAEA), Y.
Morinishi (Kobelco Research Institute, inc.)Group photo of 2nd MLF Symposium

2011.1.25－1.27
SNS – JSNS Collaboration on Source Development
SNS, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
S.Sakamoto (JAEA), T.Kato (JAEA), Y. Kasugai (JAEA), M.
Harada (JAEA), H. Kogawa (JAEA), T. McManamy (SNS), B.
Riemer (SNS), M. Wendel (SNS), A. Crabtree (SNS), D. McClintc (SNS), P. Rosenblad (SNS), M. Dyton (SNS), J. Janney(SNS), Iverson (SNS), Gallmeier (SNS), W. Lu (SNS), J. DePresentation at the hall

Poster Session

158

Facility Report of MLF 2010

vore (SNS)Neutron Instruments
2010.8.19
BL09: 電池研究会
Tokai 1Goukan, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Yonemura, Kamiyama, et. al.
2010.10.8
BL12: HRC Workshop
KEK Tokai campus, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
H. Seto (KEK), T. Sato (U Tokyo), S. Itoh (KEK), S. Yano (Aoyama Gakuin U), T. Yokoo (KEK), K. Kuwahara (Ibaraki U), D.

2010.12.14

Kawana (KEK), Y. Tabata (Kyoto U), H. Yoshizawa (U To-

BL08 & BL09: Neutron Structure Science Meeting usingkyo), T. Masuda (U Tokyo)

BL08 & BL09
Tokai 1Goukan, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan2010.11.15

Y. Noda (Tohoku Univ), S. Torii (KEK), T. Kamiyama (KEK),

BL16: BL16 Neutron Reflectivity Workshop

Zhang (KEK), S. Takeda (Hokaido Univ.), Y. Noguchi Univ.

KEK, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japanof Tokyo), A. Yamamoto (RIKEN), S. Takai (Tottori Univ.), P.

N. L. Yamada (KEK), T. Kanaya (Kyoto Univ.), K. Tanaka

M. Shirage (AIST), K. Miyazawa (AIST), K. Kihou (AIST), C.

(Kyushu Univ.), D. Kawaguchi (Nagoya Univ.), M. Harada

H. Lee (AIST), H. Kito (AIST), K. Tokiwa (AIST), Y. Tanaka(Toyota Central R&D Lab.), K. Ozeki (Ibaraki Univ.), R. Kan-

(AIST), H. Eisaki (AIST), A. Iyo (AIST), T. Fukunaga (KUR-

no (Tokyo Inst. Tech.), K. Mitamura (Kyushu Univ./JST), A.

RI), K. Mori (KURRI), K. Kino (KEK), M. Kawai (KEK),

Takahara (Kyushu Univ./JST)J. Suzuki (KEK), H. Nagashima (KEK), S. Terui (KEK), T.
Ishigaki (Ibaraki Univ.)

2010.11.24
BL21: Workshop on Fundamental Research of Hydrogen Stor-

2011.2.22

age Mechanism with High-Intensity Total Diffractometer

NASCES11 Satellite Meeting: ESS - J-PARC Technical Meet-KEK Tokai campus, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japaning on Neutron Instruments & Related Issues

T. Otomo, N. Kaneko (J-PARC center/KEK), K. Suzuya, Y.

HENDEL Building, J-PARC Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

Kawakita (J-PARC center/JAEA), H. Ohshita, K. Ikeda, M.

M. Arai (JAEA), M. Nakamura (JAEA), N. Takahashi (JAEA),

Tsubota (KEK), T. Fukunaga (KUR, Kyoto Univ.), K. Itoh

R. Kajimoto (JAEA), Y. Inamura (JAEA), K. Niita (RIST), Kim(Okayama Univ.), K. Kodama, M. Honda (QuBus, JAEA), Y.

Lefmann (Univ. Copenhagen, ESS), Peter Kjær Willendrup

Kameda (Yamagata Univ.), K. Yoshida, T. Yamaguchi (Fu-(Risø-DTU, ESS) , Kaspar Hewitt Klenø (Univ. Copenhagen,kuoka Univ.), K. Maruyama (Niigata Univ.)

ESS), Sonja Lindahl Holm (Univ. Copenhagen, ESS), Morten
Sales (Univ. Copenhagen, ESS), Jonas Okkels Birk (Univ. Copenhagen), Linda Udby (Univ. Copenhagen)Facility Report of MLF 2010

159

(Tohoku Univ.), J. M. Tranquada (BNL)

2011.2.24
BL04: Memorial Symposium on the ANNRI Completion
JAEA, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
N. Baba (Hokkaido Univ.), H. Yokomizo (JAEA), Y. Ikeda(JAEA), M. Igashira (Tokyo Institute of Technology), Y. Kiyanagi (Hokkaido Univ.), H. Harada (JAEA), A. Kimura(JAEA), J. Hori (Kyoto Univ.), T. Katabuchi (Tokyo Institute of Technology), K.Nishio (JAEA), S.Meigo (JAEA),
H.Utsunomiya (Konan Univ.), T. Hayakawa (JAEA), H. Shimizu (KEK), M. Ebihara (Tokyo Metropolitan Univ.), T. Ka2011.2.23－2.25

miyama (Hokkaido Univ.)

The International Workshop on Neutron Applications on
Strongly Correlated Electron Systems 2011 (NASCES11)
J-PARC Center, Grant-in-Aid for Specially Promoted Research from Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Scienceand Technology (MEXT) “Construction of the 4D Space Access Neutron Spectrometer and Elucidation of Oxide High-Tc
Superconductors”
Ibaraki Quantum Beam Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
Invited Speakers: G. Aeppli (University College London), T.
Arima (Tohoku Univ.), P. Bourges (LLB-CEA), M. Braden(University Cologne), L. Braicovich (Politecnico di Milano),
A. D. Christianson (ORNL), M. Fujita (Tohoku Univ.), B. D.
Gaullin (McMaster University), G. E. Granroth (ORNL), K.

160

Iwasa (Tohoku Univ.), R. Kajimoto (J-PARC), H. Kawano-Fu-

2011.3.8－3.9

rukawa (Ochanomizu Univ.), S. Maekawa (JAEA), R. J. Mc-

Workshop on the Sample Environments for High-Magnetic

queeney (Ames Laboratory), H. Mutka (ILL), J.-G. Park (Seoul

Field and High-Pressure Neutron Experiments at MLF, J-

National University), T. G. Perring (ISIS), O. Pieper (Helm-

PARC

holtz-Zentrum Berlin), H. M. Rønnow (EPFL), S. Rosenkranz

Ibaraki Quantum Beam Research Center, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan(ANL), C. Stock (NIST), O. Stockert (Max-Planck-Institut),

M. Arai (JAEA), K. Nakajima (JAEA), S. Ohira-Kawamura

M. B. Stone (ORNL), Y. Tokura (Tokyo Univ.), K. Tomiyasu( JAEA), W. Kambara (JAEA), T. Yokoo (J-PARC, KEK), K.

Facility Report of MLF 2010

Kaneko (JAEA, J-PARC), H. Nojiri (Tohoku Univ.), K. Wata-

Muon

nabe (Tohoku Univ.), H. Ohta (Kobe Univ.), T. Ono (Tokyo

2010.6.3－6.4

Inst. of Technology), K. Kuwahara (Ibaraki Univ.), M. Soda

1st Progress Report Meeting of J-PARC/MUSE(Osaka Univ.), H. Nakao (KEK), H. Oguro (Tohoku Univ.),

KEK Tokai campus, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan

T. Hattori (JAEA, J-PARC), M. Azuma (Tokyo Inst. of Tech-

R. Kadono (KEK), Y. Miyake (KEK), W. Higemoto (JAEA),

nology), A. Chiba (Keio Univ.), T. Fujiwara (Yamaguchi

M. Azuma (Kyoto U.), K. Tokiwa (Tokyo U. Sci.), M. Kosaka

Univ.), C-H. Lee (AIST), T. Matsumura (Hiroshima Univ.), T.

(Saitama U.), H. Chudo (JAEA), M. Hiraishi (Sokendai), M.

Osakabe (JAEA, J-PARC), M. Uwatoko (Univ. of Tokyo), K.

Aoki (Osaka U.), K. Kubo (Sophia U.), K. Ninomiya (JAEA),

Komatsu (Univ. of Tokyo), K. Kitagawa (Univ. of Tokyo), D.

K. Ghandi (Mount Allison U., Canada), Y. Ikedo (KEK), H.

Yamazaki (J-PARC, JAEA)

Sugai (JAEA), K. Shimomura (KEK)2010.6.4
Report Meeting of Technical Achievements in J-PARC/MUSE
KEK Tokai campus, Tokai, Ibaraki, JapanK. Nishiyama (KEK), Y. Miyake (KEK), N. Kawamura(KEK), S. Makimura (KEK), H. Fujimori (KEK), A. Koda
(KEK), P. Strasser (KEK), K. Shimomura (KEK), W. Higemoto (JAEA)

2010.10.2－10.3
1st Ultra Slow Muon Microscope Workshop
Yamanashi University, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
N. Nishida (Tokyo Inst. Tech.), Y. Miyake (KEK), M. Iwasaki(RIKEN), N. Saito (KEK), K. Nagamine (KEK / Univ. Calf.
Riverside, USA), W. Higemoto (JAEA), K. Fukutani (U. Tokyo), T. Wada (RIKEN), J. Sugiyama (Toyota Central ResearchLab.), and 15 contributing presentations.

Facility Report of MLF 2010

161

Award List
The JSNS Young Researcher Prize
Developments of In-Situ SEOP Polarized He Neutron Spin
3

Filter System

The Japanese Society for Neutron Science
Hiroshi Kira, December 2010
The 2011 technical development award of the Atomic
Energy Society of Japan (AESJ)
Development of Accurate Neutron- Nucleus Reaction
Measurement Instrument
the Atomic Energy Society of Japan (AESJ)
Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University
Research Laboratory for Nuclear Reactors, Tokyo Institute of Technology Research Group for Applied Nuclear
Physics, Nuclear Science and Engineering Directorate,
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, March 2011
The 1st Michael Meissner Prize (Presented for thebest Poster at the 6th International SE Workshop)
Automatic sample exchange system for a large number ofsamples at room temperature
6th International Workshop on Sample Environment at
Neutron Scattering Facilities
Akinori Hoshikawa, Toru Ishigaki, Masao Yonemura,
Takashi Kamiyama, Kenji Iwase, Dyah Sulistyanintyas,
Makoto Hayashi, September 2010
Nishikawa Prize
Developments on high frequency choppers for pulsed
neutrons
High Energy Accelerator Science Foundation
S. Itoh, K. Ueno, R. Ohkubo, H. Sagehashi, Y. Funahashi,
T. Yokoo, 24 March 2011

162

Facility Report of MLF 2010

平成 21 年度原子力科学研究所長表彰 創意工夫功
労賞（日本原子力研究開発機構）
J-PARC 中性子非弾性散乱実験装置『四季』における新たな高効率測定手法の開発
中性子実験装置「四季」測定技術開発グループ
梶本亮一、中村充孝、稲村泰弘、神原理
平成 22 年 3 月 25 日
平成 22 年度理事長表彰 研究開発功績賞（日本原子力研究開発機構）
J-PARC 中性子非弾性散乱実験装置『四季』における新たな高効率測定手法の開発
中性子実験装置「四季」測定技術開発グループ
梶本亮一、中村充孝、稲村泰弘、中谷健、神原理
平成 22 年 10 月 1 日

日本中間子科学会若手奨励賞(Society of Muon and Meson Science of Japan Young
Researcher Prize)f 電子系 PrPb3 におけるミュオンスピン緩和機構の解明と四重極秩序の研究
日本原子力研究開発機構
伊藤孝

先端基礎研究センター

Publication List

Neutron Section
1

2

M. Arai
J-PARC status and Lessons Learnt from Commissioning
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources
PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447 FO015 (2010)3

新井正敏
J-PARC 始動とその道のり
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 4 (2010)4

H. Arima, T. Hattori, K. Komatsu, J. Abe, W. Utsumi, H. Kagi, A.
Suzuki, K. Suzuya, T. Kamiyama, M. Arai, and T. Yagi
Designing PLANET: the Neutron Beamline for High-pressure
Metarial Science at J-PARC
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 215 23025 (2010)5

阿曽尾一也、友田陽ＤＰ鋼の引張変形挙動のその場中性子回折による検討「計算工学による組織と特性予測技術の最前線」日本鉄鋼協会 256 (2010)

6164

J. Abe, M. Arakawa, T. Hattori, H. Arima, H. Kagi, K. Komatsu,
A. Sano-Furukawa, Y. Uwatoko, K. Matsubayashi, S. Harjo, A.
Moriai, T. Ito, K. Aizawa, M. Arai, and W. Utsumi
A Cubic-anvil High-pressure Device for Pulsed Neutron Powder
Diffraction
Rev. Sci. Inst. 81 43910 (2010)

M. Futakawa, S. Sakamoto, F. Maekawa, and H. Takada
Experience in Early Operation at JSNS of J-PARC
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
TO033 (2010)7

二川正敏、田中伸厚
高出力パルス核破砕中性子源におけるキャビテーション
混相流 24 138 (2010)8

K. Haga, T. Naoe, H. Kogawa, H. Kinoshita, M. Ida, M. Futakawa,
B. Riemer, M. Wendel, D. Felde, and A. Abdou
Distribution of Microbubble Sizes and Behavior of Large Bubbles
in Mercury flow in a Mockup Target Model of J-PARC
Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 47 849 (2010)

9

H. Harada, M. Oshima, A. Kimura, S. Goko, M. Ohta, K. Furutaka,T. Kin, F. Kitatani, M. Koizumi, S. Nakamura, Y. Toh, M. Igashira,T. Katabuchi, M. Mizumoto, Y. Kiyanagi, K. Kino, M. Furusaka, F.
Hiraga, T. Kamiyama, J. Hori, T. Fujii, and K. Takamiya
Status and Future Perspectives of Nuclear Data Measurements at
J-PARC MLF BL04
Proc. 2009 Annual Symposium on Nuclear Data (NDS 2009) 9(2010)

10

M. Harada, K. Oikawa, M. Ooi, T. Kai, K. Sakai, F. Maekawa, N.
Watanabe, T. Shinohara, ahd S. Takata
Imaging Experiments on NOBORU at MLF
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019 IO077(2010)

11

M. Harada, K. Oikawa, F. Maekawa, S. Meigo, M. Futakawa, andN. Watanabe
Measurement of Neutronic Characteristics of JSNS
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019 TO038(2010)

Publication List of MLF 201012

S. Harjo, K. Aizawa, T. Ito, H. Arima, J. Abe, A. Moriai, K.
Sakasai, T. Nakamura, T. Nakatani, T. Iwahashi, and T. Kamiyama
Aspire To Become TAKUMI−TAKUMI Present Status and Research
TopicsMaterials Science Forum 652 99 (2010)13

T. Hattori, Y. Katayama, A. Machida, T. Otomo, and K. Suzuya
For Hgh-pressure Experiments Using total Scattering Spectrometer
NOVA at J-PARC
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 215 12024 (2010)14

服部高典、有馬寛、内海渉「J-PARC 超高圧中性子回折装置 PLANET の設計思想と建設状況」
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 39 (2010)15

A. Horinouchi, Y. Fujii, N. L. Yamada, and K. Tanaka
Surface Reorganization of Thin Poly(Methyl Methacrylate) Films
Induced by Water
Chem. Lett. 39 810 (2010)16

M. Ida, T. Naoe, and M. Futakawa
The Effect of Gas Bubble Injection for Pressure Wave Mitigationin High-Power Neutron Sources−Differences and Similarities
between Mercury and Water
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
TO040 (2010)17

池田一貴、折茂慎一、齋藤寛之、町田晃彦、片山芳則、青木勝敏
アルミニウム水素化物による水素貯蔵「水素製造・吸蔵・貯蔵・輸送材料と安全化」サイエンス &テクノロジー書籍 ISBN978-4-86428-004-4 (2010)18

Y. Inamura, J-Y. So, K. Nakajima, J. Suzuki, T. Nakatani,
R. Kajimoto, T. Otomo, M-K. Moon, C-H. Lee, Y. Yasu, K.
Nakayoshi, H. Sendai, U-W. Nam, J-G. Park, and M. Arai
Technical Report on the Korea-Japan Software Collaboration
JAEA-Technology 2010-047 J-PARC 10-03 (2010)19

Y. Inamura, K. Nakajima, R. Kajimoto, T. Nakatani, M. Arai, T.
Otomo, J. Suzuki, J. Y. So, and J. G. Park
Software Development on Chopper Spectrometers for MLF, J-PARC
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447(2010)

20

T. Ito, T. Nakatani, S. Harjo, H. Arima, J. Abe, K. Aizawa, and A.
MoriaiApplication Software Development for the Engineering Materials
Diffractometer, TAKUMI.
Materials Science Forum 652 238 (2010)

21

S. Itoh, T. Yokoo, T. J. Sato, S. Satoh, S. Yano, J. Suzuki, K. Ueno,
K. Kuwahara, T. Kamiyama, K. Iwasa, K. Ohoyama, T. Otomo,
Y. Endoh, J. Akimitsu, S. Kuroda, K. Sato, K. Nasu, K. Iwano, H.
Yoshizawa, O. Yamamuro, Y. Ohara, Y. Kawamura, T. Asami, and
R. Sugiura
Construction Status of High Resolution Chopper Spectrometer(HRC) at J-PARC
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
IO079 (2010)

22

S. Itoh, K. Ueno, T. Yokoo, Y. Funahashi, T. Kamiyama, H. Sato, N.
Miyamoto, Y. Kiyanagi, T. J. Sato, T. Otomo, and S. SatohDevelopment of Fermi Chopper at KEK
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
IP120 (2010)

23

S. Itoh, K. Ueno, R. Ohkubo, Y. Funahashi, H. Sagaheshi, T.
Yokoo, T. J. Sato, T. Otomo, and S. SatohDevelopment of T0 Chopper at KEK
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
IP121 (2010)24

伊藤晋一、上野健治、大久保隆治、下ケ橋秀典、舟橋義聖
T0 チョッパーの開発 (2)日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 146 (2010)

25

K. Iwano, T. Yokoo, M. Oguro, and S. Ikeda
Propagating Librations in Ice XI: Model Analysis and Coherent
Inelastic Neutron Scattering Experiment
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 63601 (2010)

26

27

28

34

Y. Kameda, A. Maki, Y. Amo, and T. Usuki
Partial Pair Correlation Functions of Highly Concentrated
Aqueous Urea Solutions Determined by Neutron Diffraction with
14N/15N and H/D Isotopic Substitution Methods
Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 20 131 (2010)35

Y. Kasugai, K. Otsu, and T. Kai
Monitoring System of Mercury Target Failure Using Radioactivity
Measurement
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
TO044 (2010)36

H. Iwase, N. Matubayasi, Y. Kameda, K. Itoh, T. Otomo, and M.
Nakahara
Newly Designed High-Temperature and High-Pressure Sample
Cell for Neutron Diffraction for Liquids
Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49 16602 (2010)

S. Kato, M. Bielmann, K. Ikeda, S. Orimo, A. Borgschulte, and A.
Z'ttelSurface Changes on AlH3 During the Hydrogen Desorption
Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 51912 (2010)37

Y. Iwashita, M. Ichikawa, M. Yamada, T. Sugimoto, H. Tongu,
H. Fujisawa, M. Masuzawa, T. Tauchi, T. Oku, K. Hirota, H. M.
Shimizu, C. Shi, and Y. Zhu
Practical Applications of Permanent Magnet Multipoles
IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 20 842 (2010)

K. Kikuchi, M. Teshigawara, M. Harada, S. Saito, F. Maekawa, M.
Futakawa, and T. Ishigaki
A Challenge for a High-Resolution Ag-In-Cd Decoupler inIntensified Short-pulsed Neutron Source
Materials Science Forum 652 92 (2010)

38

Y. Kiyanagi
Neutronic Characteristics of Beam Line BL04 for Nuclear Data
Measurements at J-PARC MLF
Proc. 2009 Annual Symposium on Nuclear Data (NDS 2009) 3(2010)

39

H. Kogawa, K. Haga, T. Naoe, H. Kinoshita, M. Ida, and M.
Futakawa
Development of Bubble Injection Technique in JSNS Mercury
TargetProc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
TO047 (2010)

40

F. Maekawa, M. Harada, K. Oikawa, M. Teshigawara, T. Kai, S.
Meigo, M. Ooi, S. Sakamoto, H. Takada, M. Futakawa, T. Kato, Y.
Ikeda, N. Watanabe, T. Kamiyama, S. Torii, R. Kajimoto, and M.
NakamuraFirst Neutron Production Utilizing J-PARC Pulsed Spallation
Neutron Source JSNS and Neutronic Performance Demonstrated
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 620 159 (2010)

41

F. Maekawa, K. Oikawa, M. Harada, M. Teshigawara, T. Kai,
Y. Kasugai, S. Meigo, M. Ooi, M. Futakawa, N. Watanabe, M.
Nakamura, S. Torii, and T. Kamiyama
Distinctive Features in Neutronic Performance of JSNS
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
TO049 (2010)

42

S. Meigo, M. Ooi, M. Ito, S. Sakamoto, and M. Futakawa
A Study of Proton Beam Profile on the Target at JSNS
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
AO020 (2010)

T. Kai, M. Ooi, Y. Kasugai, T. Wakui, H. Kogawa, K. Haga, and K.
HananoDiscussions on Spallation Products Behaviour by Measuring
Mercury and Substances Adhering Inside the Mercury Circulation
System in MLF/J-PARC
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources
PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447 TO152 (2010)29

R. Kajimoto, K. Nakajima, S. Ohira-Kawamura, Y. Inamura, K.
Kakurai, M. Arai, T. Hokazono, A. Oozono, and T. Okuda
Temperature and Ag Doping Effect on Magnetic Excitations in
the Quasi Two-Dimensional Triangular Lattice Antiferromagnet
CuCrO2 Studied by Inelastic Neutron Scattering
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 123705 (2010)30

R. Kajimoto, M. Nakamura, and M. Arai
New Technique for Inelastic Scattering Measurement Is in
Practical Use at J-PARC
Neutron News 21 55 (2010)31

R. Kajimoto, M. Nakamura, Y. Inamura, F. Mizuno, K. Nakajima,
N. Takahashi, S. Ohira-Kawamura, T. Yokoo, R. Maruyama, K.
Soyama, K. Shibata, K. Suzuya, T. Nakatani, S. Sato, S. Wakimoto,Y. Ito, T. Iwahashi, W. Kambara, H. Tanaka, N. Yoshida, A.
Katabira, K. Aizawa, and M. Arai
Comissioning of the Fermi － Chopper Spectrometer 4SEASONS
at J-PARC － Background Study
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447(2010)

32

梶本亮一、中村充孝、稲村泰弘、水野文夫、横尾哲也、中谷健、
新井正敏
動き出した J-PARC 中性子非弾性散乱装置 ｢四季」－中性子
非弾性散乱実験の新規手法の実証－
固体物理 45 79 (2010)

43

S. Meigo, M. Ooi, T. Kai, S. Sakamoto, and M. Futakawa
Beam Commissioning at JSNS of J-PARC
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
AO051 (2010)33

梶本亮一、中村充孝
4 次元空間中性子探査装置「四季」
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 8 (2010)

44

K. Mori, K. Iwase, M. Yonemura, J. Siewenie, T. Proffen, Y.
Onodera, K. Itoh, M. Sugiyama, T. Kamiyama, and T. Fukunaga
Ionic Conductivity and Structural Properties of Lithium Lanthanum
Titanate Quenched into Liquid Nitrogen Studied by Neutron Powder

Publication List of MLF 2010165

Diffraction
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. A 79 84 (2010)4546

中島健次、柴田薫、梶本亮一
Proceedings of the Workshop on “Possible Scientific View from
New Neutron Spectroscopy Opportunities in J-PARC”
JAEA-Review 2010-027 (2010)47

M. Nakamura, K. Nakajima, Y. Inamura, S. Ohira-Kawamura, T.
Kikuchi, T. Otomo, and M. Arai
A New Possibility of Dynamical Study on Solid State Ionic Materials
by Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Atom Indonesia 36 116 (2010)48

M. Nakamura, M. Arai, Y. Inamura, and Evvy Kartini
Novel Dynamics of Superionic Conducting Glasses Proved by
Inelastic Neutron Scattering
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. A 79 122 (2010)

49

K. Nakayoshi, Y. Yasu, E. Inoue, H. Sendai, M. Tanaka, S. Satoh,
S. Muto, J. Suzuki, T. Otomo, T. Nakatani, T. Ito, Y. Inamura, M.
Yonemura, T. Hosoya, and T. Uchida
DAQ-Middleware for MLF/J-PARC
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 623 537 (2010)50

T. Naoe, H. Kogawa, Y. Yamaguchi, and M. Futakawa
Effect of Tensile Stress on Cavitation Damage Formation in Mercury
Journal of Nuclear Materials 398 199 (2010)

58

下ヶ橋秀典
T0 チョッパー制御・計測システムの開発
KEK Internal 2010-2 (2010)

59

K. Sakasai, Y. Imamoto, K. Toh, T. Nakamura, K. Takakura, and C.
Konno
Storage Characteristics of KBr:Eu2+ Phosphors With Radiators by
Irradiation of Fast Neutrons
IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Record 2010 966 (2010)

60

K. Sakasai, K. Toh, T. Nakamura, S. Harjo, A. Moriai, T. Ito, J.
Abe, K. Aizawa, K. Soyama, K. Katagiri, N. J. Rhodes, and E.M.
Schooneveld
Development and Installation of Neutron Detectors for Engineering
Materials Diffractometer at J-PARC
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
IP131 (2010)

61

坂佐井馨
MLF におけるシンチレーション型検出器
放射線 36 131 (2010)

62

坂佐井馨
シンチレーション検出器・イメージングプレート
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 171 (2010)

63

S. Shamoto, M. Ishikado, S. Wakimoto, K. Kodama, R. Kajimoto,
M. Arai, T. Fukuda, H. Nakamura, M. Machida, and H. Eisaki
Spin Excitations in Iron Oxypnictide Superconductor System
Physica C 470 S284 (2010)

51

野尻浩之
パルス強磁場下中性子回析
RADIOISOTOPES 59 509 (2010)

52

K. Ohara, Y. Kawakita, L. Pusztai, L. Temleitner, S. Kohara, N.
Inoue, and S. Takeda
Structural Disorder in Lithium Lanthanum Titanate: The Basis ofSuperionic Conduction
J. Phys. Cond. Mat. 22 404203 (2010)64

柴田薫、高橋伸明、中島健次、中川洋、藤原悟、川北至信、
佐藤卓
ダイナミクス解析装置 DNA －装置仕様と建設計画－
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 13 (2010)65

H. Ohshita, S. Uno, T. Otomo, T. Koike, T. Murakami, S. Satoh, M.
Sekimoto, and T. Uchida
Development of a Neutron Detector with a GEM
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 623 126 (2010)

N. Shimura, T. Takeichi, T. Kume, S. Sasaki, H. Shimizu, A.
Ohmura, K. Ikeda, Y. Nakamori, and S. OrimoHigh Pressure Raman and Visible Absorption Study of AlH3
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 215 12047 (2010)66

鈴木純市、高田慎一、篠原武尚、奥隆之、吉良弘、鈴谷健太郎、
相沢一也、新井正敏、大友季哉、杉山正明
パルス中性子小角散乱装置 ｢大観」の開発
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 54 (2010)

67

H. Tatsumoto, Y. Shirai, K. Hata, H. Kobayashi, Y. Naruo, Y.
Inatani, T. Kato, M. Futakawa, and K. Kinoshita
Development of a Thermal-Hydraulics Experimental System forHigh Tc Superconductors Cooled by Liquid Hydrogen
Journal of Physics Conference Series 234 32056 (2010)68

達本衡輝、麻生智一、加藤崇、大都起一
J-PARC 中性子源用低温水素システムの動的特性
低温工学 45 181 (2010)

69

K. Toh, H. Yamagishi, K, Sakasai, T. Nakamura, and K. Soyama
Operation of Two-dimensional Gas Detector Using Micro-pixel
Detector Element Under High Pressure for Neutron Measurement
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
IP138 (2010)

53

54

55

166

長村光造、ステファヌスハルヨ、伊藤崇芳、相澤一也、淡路智、
西島元、高橋弘紀、小黒英俊、辺見努、松井邦浩、土屋佳則、
町屋修太郎、鈴木裕士、富田優、鈴木賢次
J-PARC 中性子を用いた超伝導材料・導体の研究
低温工学 45 135 (2010)

Changhee Lee, S. V. Streltsov, V. V. Mazurenko, M. V. Valentyuk, J.
E. Medvedeva, T. Kamiyama, and J. -G. Park
Doping Dependence of Spin-lattice Coupling and Two-dimensional
Ordering in Multiferroic Hexagonal Y1-xLuxMnO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)
Phys. Rev. B 82 54428 (2010)

T. Oku, H. Kira, T. Shinohara, S. Takata, M. Arai, J. Suzuki, and
HM. Shimizu,
Development of a Triplet Magnetic Lens System to Focus a Pulsed
Neutron Beam
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 251 12078 (2010)
奥地拓生、佐々木重雄、大野祥希、小松一生、鍵裕之、有馬寛、
阿部淳、服部高典、佐野亜沙美、長壁豊隆、内海渉、ステファ
ヌスハルヨ、伊藤崇芳、相澤一也、入舩徹男
大型ナノ多結晶ダイヤモンド対向アンビルを用いた高圧下
パルス中性子粉末回折実験
高圧力の科学と技術 20 175 (2010)

56

Y. Onodera, K. Mori, T. Otomo, A. C. Hannon, S. Kohara, K. Itoh,
M. Sugiyama, and T. Fukunaga
Crystal Structure of Li7P3S11 Studied by Neutron and Synchrotron
X-ray Powder Diffraction
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. A 79 87 (2010)57

Junghwan Park, Seongsu Lee, Misun Kang, Kwang-Hyun Jang,

Publication List of MLF 2010

70

友田陽
鉄鋼のミクロ組織と変形応力の定量的関係「計算工学による組織と特性予測技術の最前線」
日本鉄鋼協会 113 122 (2010)

71

S. Wakimoto, K. Kodama, M. Ishikado, M. Matsuda, R. Kajimoto,
M. Arai, K. Kakurai, F. Esaka, A. Iyo, H. Kito, H. Eisaki, and S.
ShamotoDegradation of Superconductivity and Spin Fluctuations by
Electron Over-doping in LaFeAsO1-xFx
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 74715 (2010)72

山田悟史、鳥飼直也、下ヶ橋秀典、瀬戸秀紀
試料水平型中性子反射率計 ARISA-II
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 58 (2010)73

山岸秀志、藤健太郎
特定用途向け集積回路 (ASIC) 用 MOSFET の雑音評価
JAEA-Technology 2010-030 (2010)74

D. Yamazaki, R. Maruyama, K. Soyama, H. Takai, M. Nagano, andK. Yamamura
Neutron Beam Focusing Using Large-m Supermirrors Coated on
Precisely-figured Aspheric Surfaces
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 251 12076 (2010)

75

横尾哲也
HRC 研究会一次元ギャップ系の磁気励起
KEK proceedings 2010 (2010)76

T. Yokoo, N. Kaneko, S. Itoh, T Otomo, Y. Suetsugu, M. Shirai,
and K. Suzuya
Gas Desorption Examination of B4C Resin for Neutron Vacuum
Chamber
Proc. of the 19th Meeting of the Int. Collaboration on Advanced
Neutron Sources PSI-Proceedings 10-01 ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447
IP144 (2010)77

横尾哲也、伊藤晋一、佐藤節夫、佐藤卓、矢野真一郎
高分解能チョッパー分光器 (HRC)
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 45 (2010)78

横尾哲也、伊藤晋一
高分解能チョッパー分光器の花
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 187 (2010)

79

横尾哲也
6th International Workshop on Sample Environment at Neutron
Scattering Facilities
日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」20 316 (2010)

Supplement to 2006-20091

新井正敏、横尾哲也、梶本亮一、中島健次、社本真一、山田和芳、藤田全基、猪野隆、曽山和彦、中村充孝、相澤一也、
大山研司、平賀晴弘、朝岡秀人、樹神克明、稲村泰弘、今井良宗
平成 17 年度～平成 21 年度科学研究費補助金特別推進研究「4 次元空間中性子探査装置の開発と酸化物高温超伝導機構の解明」平成 17 年度研究報告書
JAEA-Review 2006-033 (2006)2

梶本亮一、新井正敏
科研費特別推進研究・研究会「量子ビームによる高温超伝導機構の解明」講演集
JAEA-Review 2006-006 (2006)

3

T. Kanaya, N. Takahashi, K. Nishida, H. Seto, M. Nagao, and Y.
TakedaDynamic and Static Fluctuations in Polymer Gels Studied by
Neutron spin-echo
Physica B 385-386 676 (2006)

4

Y. Ogino, H. Fukushima, N. Takahashi, G. Matsuba, K. Nishida,
and T. Kanaya
Crystallization of Isotactic Polypropylene Under Shear Flow
Observed in a Wide Spatial Scale
Macromolecules 39 7617 (2006)

5

Y. Ogino, H. Fukushima, G. Matsuba, N. Takahashi, K. Nishida,
and T. Kanaya,
Effects of High Molecular Weight Component on Crystallization ofPolyethylene Under Shear Flow
Polymer 47 5669 (2006)6鬼柳善明
高強度パルス中性子源を用いた革新的原子炉用核データの研究開発
原子力 eye 66 (2007)

7

N. Takahashi, T. Kanaya, K. Nishida, and K. Kaji
Gelation-Induced Phase Separation of Poly(vinyl alcohol) in
Mixed Solvents of Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Water
Macromolecules 40 8750 (2007)

8

S. Fujiwara, F. Matsumoto, N. Takahashi, H. Nakagawa, and T. Oda
Analysis of F-actin Dynamics
JAEA-Review 2008-067 289 (2008)9

Stefanus Harjo
Introduction of The Engineering Materials Diffractometer andApplication Possibilities
Journal of the Crystallographic Society of Japan 50 40 (2008)

10

T. Hemmi, K. Matsui, T. Hasebe, Y. Uno, T. Koizumi, Y. Takahashi,
K. Okuno, H. Suzuki, S. Harjo, K. Aizawa, Y. Tsuchiya, S. Machiya,
and K. Osamura
Plans on Strain Measurements in ITER CS Conductor Using
Neutron Diffraction
Abstracts of CSJ Conference 79 28 (2008)

11

A. Kimura, Y. Toh, M. Koizumi, K. Furutaka, T. Kin, and M.
OshimaPerformance of a High Speed and High Density DataAcquisition
System for Multiple Gamma-ray Detection
IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Record 2008 2107 (2008)

12

Y. Kiyanagi
Nuclear Data Measurement Project at J-PARC MLF
JAEA-Conf. 2008-008 26 (2008)

Publication List of MLF 2010

167

168

13

社本真一、新井正敏
第 2 回科研費特別推進研究・研究会「量子ビームによる高温超伝導機構の解明」講演集
JAEA-Review 2008-011 (2008)

14

H. Harada, K. Furutaka, S. Goko, A. Kimura, T. Kin, F. Kitatani, M.
Koizumi, S. Nakamura, M. Ohta, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Igashira, T.
Katabuchi, M. Mizumoto, M. Furusaka, F. Hiraga, T. Kamiyama, K.
Kino, Y. Kiyanagi, T. Fujii, J. Hori, and K. Takamiya
Measurements of Neutron Capture Cross Sections Using a 4πGeSpectrometer at the J-PARC/MLF/NNRI
Bulletin of the American Physical Society 54 LC7 (2009)15

ステファヌス・ハルヨ、相澤一也「何ができる？どこがすごい？」～各装置の紹介～工学材料
回折装置 匠
金属学会会報 48 355 (2009)16

M. Igashira, Y. Kiyanagi, and M. Oshima
Nuclear Data Study at J-PARC BL04
Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. A 600 332 (2009)17

E. Kartini, M. Nakamura, M. Arai, Y. Inamura, J.W. Taylor, and M.
Russina
Universal Dynamics Behavior in Superionic Conducting Glass
Solid State Ionics 180 506 (2009)18

T. Katabuchi, M. Igashira, M. Mizumoto, K. Furutaka, S. Goko, H.
Harada, A. Kimura, T. Kin, F. Kitatani, M. Koizumi, S. Nakamura, M.
Ohta, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Furusaka, F. Hiraga, T. Kamiyama, K.
Kino, Y. Kiyanagi, T. Fujii, J. Hori, and K. Takamiya
Measurements of neutron capture cross sections using a NaI(Tl)spectrometer at the J-PARC MLF neutron nucleus reaction instrument
Bulletin of the American Physical Society 54 (2009)

19

A. Kimura, K. Furutaka, S. Goko, H. Harada, M. Igashira, T.
Kamiyama, T. Katabuchi, T. Kin, K. Kino, F. Kitatani, Y. Kiyanagi,
M. Koizumi, M. Mizumoto, S. Nakamura, M. Ohta, M. Oshima,
and Y. Toh
A Dead-Time Correction Method for Multiple Gamma-ray Detection
IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Record 2009 138 (2009)

20

T. Kin, K. Furutaka, S. Goko, H. Harada, M. Igashira, T. Kamiyama,
T. Katabuchi, A. Kimura, K. Kino, F. Kitatani, Y. Kiyanagi, M.
Koizumi, M. Mizumoto, S. Nakamura, M. Ohta, M. Oshima, and Y.
Toh
Development of a 4π Germanium Spectrometer for Nuclear Data
Measurements at J-PARC
IEEE Nucl. Sci. Symp. Conf. Record 2009 1194 (2009)

21

K. Kino, M. Furusaka, F. Hiraga, T. Kamiyama, Y. Kiyanagi, K.
Furutaka, S. Goko, H. Harada, A. Kimura, T. Kin, F. Kitatani, M.
Koizumi, S. Nakamura, M. Ohta, M. Oshima, Y. Toh, M. Igashira, T.
Katabuchi, and M. Mizumoto
Neutron Beam Provided by the Neutron Nucleus Reactioninstrument
at the J-PARC MLF
Bulletin of the American Physical Society 54 LC6 (2009)

22

K. Kino, F. Hiraga, M. Furusaka, Y. Kiyanagi, M. Igashira, M.
Mizumoto, and T. Katabuchi
Design of a Collimator System of a Neutron Beam Line for Neutronnucleus Reaction Measurements
Nuclear Technology 168 317 (2009)23

Y. Kiyanagi
Nuclear Data Measurements on the Neutron-nucleus Reaction
Instrument (NNRI) at the Materials and Life Science Facility (MLF)
at J-PARC
Proc. WONDER2009 9 (2009)

Publication List of MLF 2010

24

J. Kubo, N. Rahman, N. Takahashi, T. Kawai, G. Matsuba, K.
Nishida, T. Kanaya, and M. Yamamoto
Improvement of Poly(vinyl alcohol) Properties by the Addition ofMagnesium Nitrate
Journal of Applied Polymer Science 112 1647 (2009)25

M. Nakamura, R. Kajimoto, Y. Inamura, F. Mizuno, M. Fujita, T.
Yokoo, and M. AraiFirst Demonstration of Novel Method for Inelastic Neutron Scattering
Measurement Utilizing Multiple Incident Energies
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 78 93002 (2009)

26

K. Nishioka, and K. Nasu
Early-stage real-time Dynamics of Interlayer Sp3-bond Formation
by Visible-light Irradiation of Graphite
Phys. Rev. B 80 235420 (2009)

27

高橋伸明
J-PARC における新しい背面反射型分光器 DNA の建設を目指して日本中性子科学会誌「波紋」19 14 (2009)28

内海渉「J-PARC における中性子利用高圧研究戦略」
高圧力の科学と技術 19 10 (2009)

Muon Section
1

R. Akiyama, Y. Ikedo, M. Månsson, T. Goko, J. Sugiyama, D.
Andreica, A. Amato, K. Matan, and T. J.Sato
Short-range Spin Correlations in β-LiFeO2 from Bulk Magnetization,
Neutron Diffraction, and µSR Experiments
Phys. Rev. B 81 24404 (2010)

2

A. Chiba, M. Tomomasa, T. Hayakawa, A. Hinzmann, R. Takahashi,
J. Nakamura, T. Tsukatani, T. Kumazawa, and K. Tsuji
Relationship Between Peierls Distortion and Medium-range Orderin Liquid Group-V elements and Liquid Group-IV-VI Compounds
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 215 12077 (2010)3

M. Doyama, Y. Kogure, M. Inoue, Y. Miyake, K. Nishiyama, and K.
Shimomura
Applications of Imaging Plates to the Study of Positron and Muon
Research
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12006 (2010)

4

K. Ghandi, and Y. Miyake
Modern Slow Muon Beam Production Techniques
Charged Particle and Photon Interactions with Matter － Recent
Advances, Applications, and Interfaces,CRC Press, ISBN9781439811771 (2010)

5

R.H. Heffner, T. Goko, D. Andreica, K. Ohishi, W. Higemoto,
T.U. Ito, A. Amato, J. Spehling, H.-H. Klauss, E.D. Bauer, J.D.
Thompson, and Y.J. UemuraµSR Study of CeRhIn5 Under Applied Pressure
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12011 (2010)

6

W. Higemoto, and A. Kawasuso
Advanced Science Research Symposium 2009 Positron, Muon andOther Exotic Particle Beams for Materials and Atomic/molecular
Sciences (ASR2009)
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 11001 (2010)

7

W. Higemoto, T.U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, R.H. Heffner, K. Shimomura,
K. Nishiyama, and Y. Miyake
JAEA-ASRC Muon Research at J-PARC MUSE
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12012 (2010)8

M. Hiraishi, R. Kadono, M. Miyazaki, S. Takeshita, Y. Taguchi, Y.
Kasahara, T. Takano, T. Kishiume, and Y. Iwasa
Anisotropic Superconducting Order Parameter in Li-intercalated
Layered Superconductor LixZrNCl
Phys. Rev. B 81 14525 (2010)

9

10

11

H. Hiraka, Y. Hayashi, S. Wakimoto, M. Takeda, K. Kakurai,
T. Adachi, Y. Koike, I. Yamada, M. Miyazaki, M. Hiraishi, S.
Takeshita, A. Koda, R. Kadono, J.M. Tranquada, and K. Yamada
Incommensurate Spin Correlations Induced by Magnetic Fe Ions
Substituted Into Overdoped Bi1.75Pb0.35Sr1.90CuO6+z
Phys. Rev. B 81 144501 (2010)
S. Ideta, K. Takashima, M. Hashimoto, T. Yoshida, A. Fujimori, H.
Anzai, T. Fujita, Y. Nakashima, A. Ino, M. Arita, H. Namatame,
M. Taniguchi, K. Ono, M. Kubota, D. H. Lu, Z.-X. Shen, K. M.
Kojima, and S. Uchida
Enhanced Superconducting Gaps in the Trilayer High-Temperature
Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δ Cuprate Superconductor
Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 227001 (2010)
Y. Ikedo, J. Sugiyama, K. Mukai, M. Månsson, T. Goko, D.
Andreica, A. Amato, K. Ariyoshi, and T. Ohzukuµ+SR Study on Triangular Antiferromagnet LiCrO2
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12016 (2010)12

Y. Ikedo, J. Sugiyama, O. Ofer, M. Månsson, H. Sakurai, E.
Takayama-Muromachi, E.J. Ansaldo, J.H. Brewer, and K.H. Chow
Comparative µ+SR Study of the Zigzag Chain Compounds NaMn2O4
and LiMn2O4
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12017 (2010)13

S. Ishida, M. Nakajima, Y. Tomioka, T. Ito, K. Miyazawa, H.
Kito, C.H. Lee, M. Ishikado, S. Shamoto, A. Iyo, H. Eisaki, K.M.
Kojima, and S. Uchida
Strong Carrier-scattering in Iron-pnictide Superconductors
LnFeAsO 1-y (Ln=La and Nd) Obtained from ChargeTransport
Experiments
Phys. Rev. B 81 94515 (2010)

14

T.U. Ito, K. Nakahara, M. Kawase, H. Fujimori, Y. Kobayashi, W.
Higemoto, and Y. Miyake
The EPICS-based Remote Control System for Muon Beam Line
Devices at J-PARC MUSE
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12022 (2010)15

T.U. Ito, W. Higemoto, K. Ohishi, K. Satoh, Y. Aoki, S. Toda, D.
Kikuchi, H. Sato, and C. Baines
Microscopic Study of Antiferromagnetic Ground State and Possible
High-field Ordered State in CeOs4Sb12 Using Muon Spin Rotation
and Relaxation
Phys. Rev. B 82 14420 (2010)16

K. Kamazawa, M. Harada, Y. Ikedo, J. Sugiyama, M. Tyagi, and Y.
MatsuoLong Range Proton Diffusive Mode of CsHSO4 and CsHSeO4 －High Energy Resolution Quasielastic Neutron Scattering for
Superprotonic Conductors－
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Suppl. A 79 7 (2010)17

S. Kambe, H. Chudo, Y. Tokunaga, T. Koyama, H. Sakai, T.U. Ito, K.
Ninomiya, W. Higemoto, T. Takesaka, T. Nishioka, and Y. Miyake
Evidence for Appearance of an Internal Field in the Ordered Stateof CeRu2Al10 by µSR
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 53708 (2010)18

N. Kawamura, K. Ishida, T. Matsuzaki, H. Imao, and K. Nagamine
Muonic Molecule Formation in Muon-catalyzed Fusion
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12025 (2010)19

N. Kawamura, T. Masuda, P. Strasser, and Y. Miyake
Generation of Negative Slow Muon Beam in J-PARC Muon Facility
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12026 (2010)20

M. Månsson, Y. Ikedo, H. Nozaki, J. Sugiyama, P.L. Russo, D.
Andreica, M. Shizuya, M. Isobe, and E. Muromachi
Muon Spin Relaxation Study of Misfit-layered Cobalt Bioxide[Ca0.85OH]RS1.16[CoO2]
Solid State Communication 150 307 (2010)21

Y. Miyake, K. Shimomura, N. Kawamura, P. Strasser, S. Makimura,
A. Koda, H. Fujimori, K. Nakahara, S. Takeshita, Y. Kobayashi,
K. Nishiyama, W. Higemoto, T.U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, M. Kato, R.
Kadono, N. Sato, and K. Nagamine
J-PARC Muon Facility, MUSE
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12036 (2010)22

M. Miyazaki, R. Kadono, K. H. Satoh, M. Hiraishi, S. Takeshita, A.
Koda, A. Yamamoto, and H. Takagi
Magnetic Ground State of Pyrochlore Oxides Close to Metal-insulator
Boundary Probed by Muon Spin Rotation
Phys. Rev. B 82 94413 (2010)23

M. Miyazaki, R. Kadono, M. Hiraishi, K.H. Satoh, S. Takeshita, A.
Koda, Y. Fukunaga, Y. Tanabe, T. Adachi, and Y. Koike
Muon Knight shift study of pseudogap state in underdoped

Publication List of MLF 2010

169

(Bi,Pb)2201
Physica C 470 S55 (2010)
24

25

26

170

K. Mukai, J. Sugiyama, Y. Ikedo, H. Nozaki, K. Kamazawa, D.
Andreica, A. Amato, M. Månsson, J.H. Brewer, E.J. Ansaldo, andK.H. Chow
Microscopic Magnetic Study on the Nominal Composition
Li[Li1/3Mn5/3]O4 by Muon-Spin Rotation/Relaxation Measurements
J. Phys. Chem. C 114 11320 (2010)
K. Mukai, J. Sugiyama, Y. Ikedo, Y. Aoki, D. Andreica, and A.
Amato
Structural and Magnetic Nature for Fully Delithiated LixNiO2:
Comparative Study between Chemically and ElectrochemicallyPrepared Samples
J. Phys. Chem. C 114 8626 (2010)
K. Nakahara, T. Adachi, Y. Ikedo, Y. Miyake, K. Shimomura, P.
Strasser, K. Nishiyama, N. Kawamura, H. Fujimori, S. Makimura,
A. Koda, K. Nagamine, T. Ogitsu, A. Yamamotob, K. Sasaki,
K. Tanaka, N. Kimura, Y. Makida, Y. Ajima, K. Ishida, and Y.
MatsudaThe Next Generation Muon Source at J-PARC/MLF
AIP Conf. Proc. 1222 420 (2010)27

M. Nakajima, S. Ishida, K. Kihou, Y. Tomioka, T. Ito, Y. Yoshida, C.
H. Lee, H. Kito, A. Iyo, H. Eisaki, K. M. Kojima, and S. Uchida
Evolution of the Optical Spectrum with Doping in Ba(Fe1-xCox)2As2
Phys. Rev. B 81 104528 (2010)

28

J. Nakamura, A. Chiba, and K. Tsuji
Pressure-Induced Structural Changes in Liquid Ge33Te67 and Liquid
Ge15Te85
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 64604 (2010)

29

K. Ninomiya, T. Nagatomo, K.M. Kubo, P. Strasser, N. Kawamura,
K. Shimomura, Y. Miyake, T. Saito, and W. Higemoto
Development of Elemental Analysis by Muonic X-ray Measurement
in J-PARC
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12040 (2010)

30

O. Ofer, Y. Ikedo, T. Goko, M. Månsson, J. Sugiyama, E.J. Ansaldo,
J.H. Brewer, K.H. Chow, and H. Sakurai
Magnetic Structure of the Zigzag Chain Family NaxCa 1-xV 2O 4
Determined by Muon-spin Rotation
Phys. Rev. B 82 94410 (2010)31

H. Ohta, M. Månsson, Y. Ikedo, J. Sugiyama, C. Michioka, K.
Yoshimura, J.H. Brewer, E.J. Ansaldo, S.L. Stubbs, K.H. Chow,and J.S. Lord
Microscopic Magnetic Nature of Water Absorbed Na0.35CoO 2
Investigated by NMR, NQR and µ+SR
Physica C 470 S755 (2010)

32

K. Shimomura, P. Bakule, F. L. Pratt, K. Ohishi, K. Ishida, I.
Watanabe, Y. Matsuda, K. Nishiyama, E. Torikai, and K. Nagamine
Pilot Experiment for Muonium Photo Ionization in GaAs
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12004 (2010)

33

P. Strasser, K. Shimomura, A. Koda, N. Kawamura, H. Fujimori,K. Nakahara, M. Kato, S. Takeshita, M. Hiraishi, M.Miyazaki,
W. Higemoto, T.U. Ito, K. Ninomiya, K. Ishida, M.K. Kubo, R.
Kadono, K. Nishiyama, and Y. Miyake
J-PARC Decay Muon Channel Construction Status
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12050 (2010)

34

J. Sugiyama, Y. Ikedo, T. Noritake, K. Miwa, S. Towata, T. Goko, O.
Ofer, M. Månsson, E.J. Ansaldo, J.H. Brewer, and K.H. Chow
Microscopic Indicator for Thermodynamic Stability of Hydrogen
Storage Materials Provided by Muon-spin Spectroscopy
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12051 (2010)

Publication List of MLF 2010

35

J. Sugiyama, K. Mukai, Y. Ikedo, H. Nozaki, M. Månsson, and I.
Watanabe
A Novel Tool for Detecting Li Diffusion in Solids Containing Magnetic
Ions; µ+SR Study on LixCoO2
J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 225 12052 (2010)

36

J. Sugiyama, Y. Ikedo, T. Noritake, O. Ofer, T. Goko, M. Månsson,
K. Miwa, E.J. Ansaldo, J.H. Brewer, K.H. Chow, and S. Towata
Microscopic Indicator for Thermodynamic Stability of Hydrogen
Storage Materials Provided by Positive Muon-spin Rotation
Phys. Rev. B 81 92103 (2010)

37

J. Sugiyama, Y. Ikedo, M. Månsson, J.H. Brewer, S.L. Stubbs,
E.J. Ansaldo, K.H. Chow, J.S. Lord, H. Ohta, C. Michioka, and K.
Yoshimura
Magnetic and Superconducting Nature of Na0.35CoO2・yH2O andNa0.35CoO2・yD2O Investigated by Muon-spin Spectroscopy
Phys. Rev. B 82 214505 (2010)

38

J. Sugiyama, Y. Ikedo, K. Mukai, H. Nozaki, M. Månsson, O. Ofer,
M. Harada, K. Kamazawa, Y. Miyake, J.H. Brewer, E.J. Ansaldo,
K.H. Chow, I. Watanabe, and T. Ohzuku
Low-temperature Magnetic Properties and High-temperature
Diffusive Behavior of LiNiO2 Investigated by Muon-spin Spectroscopy
Phys. Rev. B 82 224412 (2010)

39

K. Suzuki, T. Adachi, Y. Tanabe, Y. Koike, T. Kawamata, Risdiana,
T. Suzuki, and I. Watanabe
Hole Trapping by Ni, Kondo Effect, and Electronic Phase Diagramin Nonsuperconducting Ni-substituted La2-xSrxCu1-yNiyO4
Phys. Rev. B 82 54519 (2010)40

Y. Tanabe, K. Suzuki, T. Adachi, Y. Koike, T. Kawamata, Risdiana,
T. Suzuki, and I. Watanabe
Change of the Ground State Upon Hole Doping Unveiled by Ni
Impurity in High-Tc Cuprates
J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 79 23706 (2010)

Editorial Board of MLF Annual Report 2010

Chief Editor

Tetsuya Yokoo
Neutron Science Section

Yukinobu Kawakita

Shin-ichiro Meigo

Neutron Science Section

Neutron Source Section

Hiroyuki Kogawa

Kaoru Sakasai

Neutron Source Section

Neutron Instrumentaion Section

Kenji M. Kojima

Shinichi Takata

Muon Science Section

Neutron Science Section

MLF 2010

171