Ṫ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ‫౎ޝ‬ઍᶏߦ߅ߌࠆࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߦኻߔࠆ᷆᳓ߩᓇ㗀ߦߟ޿ߡ‫ޞ‬
Influence on fishery ground of Japanese littleneck Ruditapes philippinarum
by the fresh water inflow in Yatsushiro sea.
ᬺോฬᆔ⸤⠪ᜂᒰ⠪ࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߦ߅ߌࠆ᷆᳓ᓇ㗀✭๺ኻ╷ߩᬌ⸛⺞ᩏ㧔㧕᳓↥ᐡṪ᷼Ṫ႐ᢛ஻ㇱદ⮮ 㕏㧘㧔᛼⼱⟤↱♿㧕㧘㕍ᧁ ඳ
Fishery ground of Japanese littleneck Ruditapes philippinarum are usually formed around estuary. Thoughestuary environment fluctuate wildly, Ruditapes philippinarum is highly-tolerant spices. However, in north areaof Yatsushiro sea, Ruditapes philippinarum mass mortality be considered because of low-salinity that happen atleast every 2 to 3 years. In this survey, we operated water temperature and salinity observation and current
observation in rainy season at tidal flat of Yatsushiro sea so we investigated condition of long-term salinity.
Key words: Japanese littleneck clam㧘Salinity㧘Yatsushiro sea㧝㧚⺞ᩏߩ⋡⊛ᾢᧄ⋵ߢ᦭᣿ᶏߦᰴ޿ߢࠕࠨ࡝ߩᅢṪ႐ߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ౎ઍᶏߢߪ㧘ḧᅐㇱߩᶏၞߦ߅޿ߡᴪጯ߆ࠄߩᴡᎹ᳓╬ߩᵹ౉߇ේ࿃ਃⷺࡁἑᚭᄢ㊁Ꮉߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ᷆᳓ൻߦࠃࠅ㧘ࠕࠨ࡝ߩᢣᱫ߇↢ߓߡ޿ࠆ㧚․ߦ㧘⍾Ꮉ᪢㔎ᤨᦼ߿บ㘑╬ߦࠃࠅᴡᎹᵹ㊂߇Ⴧᄢߔࠆᤨᦼߦߪḧᅏో㕙᳖Ꮉߦ᷆᳓ൻ߇ㅴߺ㧘ࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߦ↟ᄢߥⵍኂ߇↢ߓࠆ㧚౎ઍᶏߢ㏜Ꮉߪ㧘ㄭᐕߎߩࠃ߁ߥ᷆᳓ൻߦኻߔࠆᓇ㗀✭๺ኻ╷ߩⷐ⺧߇㜞߹ߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘᳓↥ᐡ⋥ロ⺞ᩏߣߒߡ㧘 ࠞᐕࠍ߆ߌ౎ઍᶏߦ߅ߌࠆ㒠㔎ᤨߩႮಽߩᜬ⛯࡮᜛ᢔ⁁ᴫ╬ࠍᛠីߒ㧘᷆᳓ᵹ౉ߣႮಽߩ᜼േߦߟ޿ߡᢙ୯⸘▚ࠍ↪޿ߡౣ⃻ߔࠆߣ౒ߦ㧘౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞᄢᚭࡁἑᚭ㧦ࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ᢙ୯⸘▚ߦࠃࠅലᨐ⊛߆ߟ◲ଢߥᓇ㗀✭๺ኻ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆߎߣᄢ㕽Ꮉ᳓ήᎹ⃿⏴Ꮉߣߒߚ㧚ᧄႎ๔ߪ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ᪢㔎ᤨᦼߩ౎ઍᶏᅐㇱᶏၞߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓⾰࡮ᵹᴫߩ⃻࿾᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐߣ㧘ᴡᎹᵹ౉㊂ߣߩ㑐ଥߦߟ޿   ࿑ ⺞ᩏኻ⽎ᶏၞߣࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߩಽᏓߡᬌ⸛ߒߚ߽ߩߢ޽ࠆ㧚 ࠞᐕߩ⺞ᩏࡈࡠ࡯ࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚㧞㧚⺞ᩏߩౝኈߣᣇᴺ⺞ᩏ▎ᚲ౎ઍᶏߪ೎ฬਇ⍮Ἣᶏߣ߽๭߫ࠇ㧘࿖ౝߢ߽㐽㎮ᕈߩ㜞޿ౝḧߣߒߡ⍮ࠄࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚⷏஥ࠍਃⷺࡁἑᚭ߿ᄢᚭࡁἑᚭߥߤߢፉේḧߣ❬߇ࠅ㧘ධߪ㤥ࡁἑᚭ߿㐳ፉᶏጽߦࠃߞߡ᧲ࠪ࠽ᶏߣធߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚᳓ᷓߪർㇱᶏၞߢᐔဋ㨙એᵻ㧘ਛᄩ߆ࠄධㇱߪ 㨪㨙⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߪᐓẟ߇ᒻᚑߐࠇߡ޿ࠆർㇱᶏၞߦ㓸ਛߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ਥߥࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߩಽᏓߪ࿑ ߦ␜ߔߣ߅ࠅߢ޽ࠆ㧚ࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐ߣ߶߷หߓ᳓ၞߢࡁ࡝㙃ᱺ߽༡߹ࠇߡ߅ࠅ㧘౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߦ߅޿ߡណ⽴࡮ᶏ⧡㙃ᱺߪਥⷐߥᴪጯṪᬺߩ߭ߣߟߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆ㧚ᴪጯ߆ࠄߪ㧘౎ઍᶏߩਛᄩߦᵹࠇߎ߻৻⚖ᴡᎹߩ⃿⏴Ꮉ㧘ઁߦੑ⚖ᴡᎹߩᄢ㊁Ꮉ╬㧘ᄙᢙߩᴡᎹ߇ᵹ౉ߒ㧘ḧౝߩ᳓⾰ߦᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ࠍਈ߃ߡ޿ࠆ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᴪጯߩᐓᜏ࿾ߢߪⒷ૞࡮⇌૞╬ߩㄘᬺ߇༡߹ࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚39Ṫ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲ౎ઍᶏߦᵹ౉ߔࠆ᷆᳓ߦ 㑐ߔࠆ⾗ᢱ෼㓸࡮ᢛℂ ⃻࿾⺞ᩏ Ԙ᳓᷷㨯Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ⺞ᩏ ԙᵹᴫ࡮᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽㅪ⛯⺞ᩏᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲࠕࠨ࡝Ṫ႐㧔ᐓẟ㧕ߩᶏᐩ㕙ߦ߅ߌࠆ᷷ᐲߣႮಽߩㅪ⛯᷹ⷰኻ╷᩺ߩᬌ⸛ᢙ୯ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦࠍ↪޿ߚኻ╷ലᨐߩᬌ⸛ᢙ୯ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠆ౎ઍᶏർㇱ⃻ᴫౣ⃻ታᣉߦะߌߡߩ⺖㗴ᢛℂኻ╷᩺੐଀ߩ෼㓸࿑ ⺞ᩏࡈࡠ࡯㧔 ࠞᐕ⺞ᩏߩ  ᐕ⋡㧕⺞ᩏౝኈ᷆᳓ߩᵹ౉⁁ᴫ߿ᜬ⛯⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼㧘߽ߞߣ߽᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߩᄢ߈޿ߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ᪢㔎ᤨᦼߦ⃻࿾᷹ⷰ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ㧚⺞ᩏ࿾ὐࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚 ‫ ڎ‬#‫ڎ‬ ‫ڎ‬$ ‫ڎ‬‫ڎ‬% ‫ڎ‬&‫ڎ‬ ‫ڎ‬‫ڎ‬⺞ᩏᤨᦼᵹᴫㅪ⛯⺞ᩏᐔᚑ ᐕ  ᦬ ᣣ㨪 ᦬ ᣣ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣ⺞ᩏᐓầᤨ⺞ᩏ㧦㨪‫(' ڎ‬ ‫ڎ‬⺞ᩏฬḩầᤨ⺞ᩏ㧦㨪‫ڎ‬‫ڎ‬㧦᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ࡮ᵹᴫㅪ⛯⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ‫ڎ‬㧘‫ڎ‬㧘#㨪(㧦᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ‫ڎ‬‫ڎ‬࿑ ⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ߅ࠃ߮⺞ᩏ᭎ⷐ  ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽㅪ⛯⺞ᩏ ౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߩ  ὐ㧔5V㧕ߦ߅޿ߡ㧘᳓᷷Ⴎಽ⸘ߣ㔚⏛ᵹㅦ⸘ࠍ⴫ጀ㧔᳓ᷓ 㨙㧕ߣᐩጀ㧔ᶏᐩ਄ 㨙㧕ߩ  ጀߦ⸳⟎ߒ㧘 ᤤᄛㅪ⛯᷹ⷰ⺞ᩏࠍታᣉߒߚ㧚  ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ⺞ᩏ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽㅪ⛯⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ਛߦ㧘᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽߩḧౝ᜛ᢔ⁁ᴫࠍᛠីߔࠆߚ߼㧘ᄙ㗄⋡᳓⾰⸘ߦࠃࠅ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽߩᄙὐ᷹ⷰࠍታᣉߒߚ㧚㧟㧚ਥߥ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ ᪢㔎ᤨᦼߦ߅ߌࠆ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽߩ⁁ᴫ ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ߅ࠃ߮ᵹᴫㅪ⛯᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐ ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ਛߩ᳇⽎ߦߟ޿ߡ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚 ߆ࠄ  ߩ᷹ⷰᦼ㑆ਛ㧘 㗃߹ߢ᥍ᄤ߇⛯߈ᣣᾖᤨ㑆߽ᄙ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߣ߹ߞߡ㒠㔎߇޽ߞߚߩߪ એ㒠ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚࡮ ߩ  ᣣ㑆ߢ OO એ਄ߩ㒠㔎㊂ߣߥࠅ㧘ߘߩᓟ߽⺞ᩏ⚳ੌߩ  ߹ߢ৻ቯߩ㒠㔎߇޽ߞߚ㧚࿑ ᷹ⷰᦼ㑆ਛߩ᳇⽎⁁ᴫ40Ṫ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽߣᵹᴫߩㅪ⛯᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚⴫ጀߩႮಽߪ㧘⺞ᩏᦼ㑆೨ඨ㧔 ߹ߢ㧕ߪ 㨪RUW ⒟ᐲ
ߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ߚ߇㧘 એ㒠ߪᄢ߈ߊᄌേߒ㧘߽ߞߣ߽ᣣ㒠᳓㊂ߩᄢ߈߆ߞߚ  ߦߪႮಽỚᐲ RUW એਅߣߥߞߚ㧚৻ᣇ㧘ᐩጀߩႮಽỚᐲߪ᷹ⷰᦼ㑆ਛ߶߷৻ቯߩ RUW ೨ᓟߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚㒠㔎㊂ߩᄙ߆ߞߚ ࡮ ߦߪ৻ᤨ⊛ߦ RUW ⒟ᐲ߹ߢૐਅߒߚ߇ߔߋߦ࿁ᓳߒߚ㧚᳓᷷ߪႮಽߣห᭽ߩᄌൻࠍ␜ߒ㧘⴫ጀߢߪ⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ᓟඨ߆ࠄ㒠㔎㊂ߩჇടߣ౒ߦૐਅߒߚ㧚ᐩጀߢߪ 㨪͠ߩ▸࿐ౝߢᄢ߈ߥᄌേߪ␜ߐߥ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ਛߩᵹᴫߪ⴫ጀߢᦨᄢᵹㅦ 㨙U ㄭߊߦ㆐ߒ㧘਄ߍầᤨߩᵹࠇ㧔ർർ᧲ᣇะ㧕߇․ߦᣧ޿㧚৻ᣇᐩጀߢߪ㧘ᦨᄢߢ߽EOU ⒟ᐲߢ޽ࠅ㧘⴫ጀߦᲧߴߡᵹࠇߪዊߐߊߥߞߡ޿ߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘ᵹㅦ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ  ᤨ㑆ᐔဋߒߚᵹᴫࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘⴫ጀߢߪർะ߈ߩᵹࠇ߇ථ⿧ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᐩጀߢߪ⴫ጀߦᲧߴᵹㅦߪዊߐ޿߇㧘ධะ߈ߩᵹࠇ߇ථ⿧ߔࠆ௑ะߦ޽ߞߚ㧚ᵹᴫ㧔 ಽᲤ࠺࡯࠲㧕‫⴫ ޣ‬ጀ ‫ޤ‬ᵹᴫ㧔 ᤨ㑆⒖േᐔဋ㧕᳓᷷࿑  ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ߅ࠃ߮ᵹᴫߩ⁁ᴫ㧔⴫ጀ㧕Ⴎಽ‫ ޣ‬ᐩጀ ‫ޤ‬ᵹᴫ㧔 ಽᲤ࠺࡯࠲㧕ᵹᴫ㧔 ᤨ㑆⒖േᐔဋ㧕᳓᷷Ⴎಽ

࿑ ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ߅ࠃ߮ᵹᴫߩ⁁ᴫ㧔਄Ბ㧦⴫ጀ㧘ਅᲑ㧦ᐩጀ㧕41Ṫ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ⺞ᩏ⚿ᨐ ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ⺞ᩏߪ㧘ᐔᚑ  ᐕ  ᦬  ᣣḩầᤨߣᐓầᤨߩ  ࿁ታᣉߒߚ㧚⺞ᩏ᷹✢ߪ㧘ḧゲᣇะߦ  ೉㧘ḧᅏߢ  ೉ߣߒߚ㧚ᐓầᤨ࡮ḩầᤨߩߘࠇߙࠇߩႮಽߩ᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐᢿ㕙ࠍ㧘᷹✢Ԙ࡮ԙ࡮Ԛ࡮ԛߣߒߡ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚ḧᅏ         ‫ޣ‬ḩầᤨ‫        ޤ‬ḧᄩ       ḧᅏ          ‫ޣ‬ᐓầᤨ‫         ޤ‬ḧᄩḧゲᣇะ஥✢Ԙḧゲᣇะ஥✢Ԙḧゲᣇะ஥✢ԙḧゲᣇะ஥✢ԙ⷏ጯ         ‫ޣ‬ḩầᤨ‫᧲        ޤ‬ጯ       ⷏ጯ          ‫ޣ‬ᐓầᤨ‫᧲         ޤ‬ጯḧᅏᮮᢿ஥✢Ԛḧᅏᮮᢿ஥✢Ԛḧᅏᮮᢿ஥✢ԛḧᅏᮮᢿ஥✢ԛ

1-3‫ڎ‬Ꮐ㧦ḩầᤨ㧘ฝ㧦ᐓầᤨ

1-4‫ڎ‬᷹✢Ԙ࡮ԙ㧦ḧゲᣇะᢿ㕙D‫ڎ‬2-2‫ڎ‬2-3E


1-7
‫ڎ‬

C᷹✢Ԛ᷹✢ԛ‫ڎ‬2-51-6‫ڎ‬B‫ ڎ‬F
2-41-5‫ڎ‬᷹✢Ԛ࡮ԛ㧦ḧᅏᮮᢿᣇะᢿ㕙

1-1‫ ڎ‬A‫ڎ‬2-1

1-2‫ڎ‬‫ڎ‬2-6‫ڎ‬᷹✢Ԙ
2-7᷹✢ԙ

⃿⏴Ꮉ࿑ ᜛ᢔ⺞ᩏᤨߩႮಽỚᐲᢿ㕙ಽᏓ ḩầᤨߦ߅ߌࠆᐩጀߩႮಽỚᐲߪ㧘ḧᅏࠍ㒰߈ RUW એ਄ߢ޽ࠅ㧘ᄢ߈ߊૐਅߒߡ޿ࠆ▸࿐ߪߥ߆ߞߚ㧚ᦨ߽ḧᅏߩ⺞ᩏ࿾ὐ㧔%㧘$㧕ߩߺ㧘ႮಽỚᐲ 㨪RUW ߣߥߞߡ޿ߚ㧚ᐓầᤨߦߪ㧘ో૕⊛ߦႮಽỚᐲ߇ૐਅߔࠆ௑ะߦ޽ࠅ㧘ᐩጀߢߪႮಽ RUW એ਄ߩ▸࿐߇❗ዊߔࠆ߶߆㧘ḧᅏߩ࿾ὐߢߪ 㨪RUW ߹ߢૐਅߔࠆ࿾ὐ߽ⷰኤߐࠇߚ㧚ߒ߆ߒḧゲᣇะ᷹✢ #࡮$ ߩ᳓ᷓ 㨙એᷓߢߪ㧘ᐓầᤨ࡮

42Ṫ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥḩầᤨߣ߽ႮಽỚᐲߪ RUW એ਄ߣߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘৻ቯએ਄ߩ᳓ᷓਅߢߪႮಽߩૐਅ߇߶ߣࠎߤ⷗ࠄࠇߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘⃿⏴Ꮉᴡญߦㄭ޿  ߹ߚߪ  ࿾ὐࠍ⷗ࠆߣ㧘ᐓầᤨߦߪ߿߿⴫ጀߩႮಽỚᐲ߇ૐਅߔࠆ௑ะ߇⷗ࠄࠇߚ߇㧘ᐩጀ߹ߢߪᓇ㗀ߒߡ޿ߥ߆ߞߚ㧚߹ߚḩầᤨߦ߽⃿⏴Ꮉ߆ࠄߩ᷆᳓ᵹ౉ߩᓇ㗀ߪ⷗ࠄࠇߕ㧘⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ౝߩ㒠㔎㊂ߢߪ㧘⃿⏴Ꮉߩ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߪ౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߩႮಽૐਅߦᄢ߈ߊᓇ㗀ߒߥ޿ߎߣ߇᣿ࠄ߆ߣߥߞߚ㧚 ౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߦ߅ߌࠆႮಽߣ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߩᔕ╵౎ઍᶏߦ߅ߌࠆᴡᎹᵹ㊂࠺࡯࠲ߪ㧘 ⚖ᴡᎹߩ⃿⏴Ꮉߦߟ޿ߡߩߺ࿖࿯੤ㅢ⋭߆ࠄ౏⴫ߐࠇߡ޿ࠆ㧚ߘߩߚ߼㧘ઁߩ  ⚖ᴡᎹߦߟ޿ߡߪ⃿⏴Ꮉߣߩᵹၞ㕙ⓍᲧ߆ࠄ᳞߼㧘᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽㅪ⛯᷹ⷰᦼ㑆ਛߦᴡᎹ߆ࠄߩᵹ㊂߇ߤߩ⒟ᐲߢ޽ߞߚ߆ࠍផቯߒ㧘ᴡᎹᵹ㊂ࠍว⸘ߒߡᛠីߒߚ㧚᷹ⷰᦼ㑆ਛ㧘ർㇱᶏၞߦߪᦨᄢ  ం㨙ᣣ⒟ᐲߩ᷆᳓߇
ᵹ౉ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᴡᎹᵹ㊂ࠍ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߣ⠨߃㧘ߎߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻߣႮಽỚᐲߩ⚻ᤨᄌൻࠍ࿑ ߦ␜ߔ㧚ԙం㫄 㪊㪉㪅㪌

㪊㪇Ⴎಽ㪉Ԛ㪉㪌㪈㪅㪌㪉㪇ԜႮಽ㩿਄ጀ㪀Ⴎಽ㩿ਅጀ㪀

㪈㪌㪈㪇㪈

᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂

㪌

᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂Ԙ
㪊㪌㪇㪅㪌ԛ

Ԙ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇  ం O ⒟ᐲߩ႐ว㧘Ⴎಽߪ  ઃㄭߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ԙ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇  ం O ⒟ᐲߦߥࠆߣ㧘Ⴎಽߪ  ࠍਅ࿁ߞߚ㧚Ԛ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇  ం O ࠍ⿥߃ࠆߣ㧘Ⴎಽߪ  ߶ߤߦߥߞߚ㧚ԛ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇  ం O ⒟ᐲߦߥࠆߣ㧘Ⴎಽߪ  ઃㄭ߹ߢૐਅߒߚ㧚Ԝ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇  ం O ⒟ᐲߦᷫዋߔࠆߣ㧘Ⴎಽߪ  ߶ߤߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚㪎㪆㪈㪉㪎㪆㪈㪈㪎㪆㪈㪇㪎㪆㪐㪎㪆㪏㪎㪆㪎㪎㪆㪍㪎㪆㪌㪎㪆㪋㪎㪆㪊㪎㪆㪉㪎㪆㪈㪍㪆㪊㪇㪍㪆㪉㪐㪍㪆㪉㪏㪇㪍㪆㪉㪎㪇ᵈ㧕ߎߎߢߩ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߪ๟ㄝᴡᎹ㧔⃿⏴Ꮉ࡮ᄢ㊁Ꮉ࡮⷏ᶆᎹ࡮㐳ፒᎹ࡮ᶆ਄Ꮉ࡮੖ৼᎹ࡮౎ᨎᚭᎹ࡮⍾Ꮉ࡮౎㑆Ꮉ࡮᳖Ꮉ࡮㏜Ꮉ࡮ᄢ㕽Ꮉ࡮᳓ήᎹ㧕ߩᵹ㊂ว⸘ߢ޽ࠆ࿑ ᵹᴫㅪ⛯⺞ᩏᦼ㑆ߩႮಽߣ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂⺞ᩏ೨ඨߩ 㨪㧔Ԙ㧕ߪ㒠㔎㊂߇ዋߥߊ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߪ  ం㨙 ߢ޽ߞߚ㧚ߎߩߣ߈㧘ᐩጀߩႮಽỚᐲߪ RUW ઃㄭߢ߶ߣࠎߤᄌൻ߇ߥ޿߇㧘⴫ጀߪ᷆᳓ᵹ౉ߩᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ㧘RUW ⒟ᐲߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ࠆ㧚 એ㒠㧔ԙ㧕ߢߪ㒠㔎㊂߇Ⴧടߒ㧘᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߽  ం㨙 ߦ㆐ߔࠆ㧚⴫ጀߛߌߢߥߊ㧘ᐩጀߩႮಽỚᐲ߽⧯ᐓߩᄌൻࠍ␜ߒ㧘⴫ጀߢߪႮಽỚᐲ߇ RUW ࠍਅ࿁ࠆࠃ߁ߦߥࠆ㧚⛯޿ߡ  એ㒠㧔Ԛ㧕ߦߪ㧘᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇  ం㨙 ࠍ⿧߃㧘⴫ጀߩႮಽỚᐲߪ RUW ⒟ᐲ߹ߢૐਅߒ㧘 ߦᦨ߽᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂߇Ⴧടߒߚᓇ㗀ࠍฃߌ㧘㧔ԛ㧕ߦߪ৻ᤨ⊛ߦ⴫ጀߩႮಽߪ RUW ઃㄭ߹ߢૐਅߒߚ㧚ߎߩᓟ㧔Ԝ㧕㧘᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߪ  ం O ߹ߢᷫዋߒߚ߇㧘⴫ጀߦߪ᷆᳓߇ṛ⇐ߒߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇ㧘ႮಽỚᐲߪ RUW ⒟ᐲߢផ⒖ߒߡ޿ߚ㧚ߎࠇࠄߩߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘એਅߩߎߣ߇ផኤߐࠇߚ㧚  ౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߢߪ㧘ᴡᎹ߆ࠄߩ᷆᳓ᵹ౉㊂ߦᔕߓߡႮಽỚᐲ߇ᄌൻߔࠆ㧚ߘߩ㓙㧘⴫ጀߪ․ߦߘߩᄌ
ൻࠍฃߌ߿ߔߊ㧘ᴡᎹᵹ㊂߇  ం㨙 ࠍ⿧߃ࠆߣႮಽỚᐲߪ RUW ㄭߊ߹ߢૐਅߒߚ㧚  ᴡᎹᵹ౉㊂ߣႮಽỚᐲߩૐਅߪࠃߊኻᔕߒߡ޿ࠆ߇㧘 ᣣ⒟ᐲߩᤨᏅ߇↢ߓߡ޿ߚ㧚  ⴫ጀߩ᳓႙ߪ᷹ⷰᦼ㑆ߩᓟඨ㧘Ⴎಽߩૐ޿⁁ᘒߢ⛮⛯ߒߡ߅ࠅ㧘ᐩጀߣߩᷙว߇㕖Ᏹߦዊߐߊ㧘᷆᳓߇ṛ⇐ߒ߿ߔߊߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇߚ㧚߹ߚ㧘౎ઍᶏߩർㇱᶏၞߩ᧲஥㧔஥✢ԙߦ⹥ᒰߔࠆᶏၞ㧕ߪᐕ㑆ࠍㅢߓߡ߽ߞߣ߽ႮಽỚᐲߣㅘ᣿ᐲ߇ૐ޿ߎߣ߇ṚᎹࠄ  ߦࠃߞߡ᣿ࠄ߆ߦߥߞߡ߅ࠅ㧘ߎߩߎߣ߆ࠄ߽౎ઍᶏᅐㇱᶏၞߪ㧘⃿⏴Ꮉߩࠃ߁ߥᴡᎹ᳓ߩᵹ౉㊂߇ᄢ߈ߊ㧘ṛ⇐ߒ߿ߔ޿ᶏၞߣߥߞߡ޿ࠆߣផኤߐࠇࠆ㧚43Ṫ႐ߦ㑐ߔࠆ⺞ᩏ⎇ⓥ

 ౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߦ߅ߌࠆ᷆᳓ᵹ౉ߣႮಽಽᏓ ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ᜛ᢔ⺞⚿ᨐ߆ࠄ㧘ᐓầᤨ࡮ḩầᤨߩ⴫ጀႮಽߩ᳓ᐔಽᏓᮨᑼ࿑ࠍ␜ߔ㧚ർㇱᶏၞߩᦨᅏㇱߢߪᴡᎹ᳓߇⴫ጀࠍ⭯ߊⷒ߁ࠃ߁ߦṛ⇐ߒ㧘ਅߍầᤨߦ߅޿ߡ߽ቢోߦ౉ࠇᦧࠊࠄߥ޿ߎߣ߇ࠊ߆ࠆ㧚ᵹㅦߩ᷹ⷰ⚿ᨐߦ߅޿ߡ߽㧘ർᣇߦᵹ౉ߔࠆᵹࠇ߇ථ⿧ߒߡ޿ߚߎߣ߆ࠄ㧘ർㇱᶏၞߪ࿾ᒻ⊛ߦ৻┵ᵹ౉ߒߚ᷆᳓߇㐳ᦼ㑆ṛ⇐ߒ߿ߔ޿᧦ઙࠍ᦭ߒ㧘ᄢⷙᮨߥ㒠㔎ߩ㓙ߦ᷆᳓ൻࠍᒁ߈⿠ߎߔߣ⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚
㐳ፒᎹ




1-1


‫ڎ‬

1-3

2-2
‫ ڎ‬2

1-4

D‫ڎ‬Ⴎಽએਅ▸࿐߇ầᵹᣇะߦᐢ߇ߞߡ޿ࠆ‫ڎ‬
2-4

‫ڎ‬

ầᵹߪ਄ਅጀߣ߽
1-6ḧᅏ߆ࠄḧญᣇะ‫ڎ‬



‫ڎ‬
2-7

ᄢ㕽Ꮉ
 ਁOF ਁOF

1-7᳓ήᎹ⃿⏴Ꮉ ਁOF

 ਁ OF ਁ OF౎ᨎᚭᎹ⍾ᎹC᳖Ꮉ㏜Ꮉ

‫ ڎ‬2-3ᄢ㕽Ꮉ᳓ήᎹᎹ߆ࠄߩ᷆᳓ߩᵹ౉࡮᜛ᢔࠍᅹߍߚน⢻ᕈ߇⠨߃ࠄࠇࠆ㧚‫ڎ‬2-6⃿⏴Ꮉ‫ڎ‬‫ڎ‬2-7੖ৼᎹḧญ߆ࠄḧᅏߦะ߆߁ᵹࠇ߇⃿⏴‫ڎ‬2-5‫ڎ‬ᐓầᤨ㧔ਅߍầ㧕⃿⏴Ꮉ

᳖Ꮉ ㏜Ꮉ ਁ OFᄢ㊁Ꮉ╬‫ڎ‬⃿⏴Ꮉ߆ࠄߩ᷆᳓ᵹ
౉ߦࠃࠆႮಽૐਅ

‫ ڎ‬2-2E
‫ڎ‬
2-4 F

1-5

1-6

‫ڎ‬
2-5‫ڎ‬2-6

1-7 ‫ڎ‬FDầᵹߪ਄ਅጀߣ߽ ‫ڎ‬ḧญ߆ࠄḧᅏᣇะ㏜↸࿾వߪᄢ㕽Ꮉ ᐓẟ߇ᐓ಴
᳓ήᎹ


1-4

ᄢ㊁ᎹB‫ڎ‬᳖Ꮉ㏜Ꮉ

‫ ڎ‬2-3E

1-5C‫ڎ‬1-3⍾Ꮉᶆ਄Ꮉ‫ ڎ‬A‫ ڎ‬2-1

1-2౎ᨎᚭᎹB‫ڎ‬੖ৼᎹ‫ ڎ‬A‫ ڎ‬2-1

1-2

ᄢ㊁Ꮉ⷏ᶆᎹႮಽ  એਅ㐳ፒᎹ⷏ᶆᎹḧᅏㇱߦᵹ౉ߒߚ᷆᳓㧔Ⴎಽ એਅ㧕ߪ᜛ᢔߔࠆߎߣߥߊḧᅏ
1-1ㇱߦṛ⇐ᶆ਄Ꮉ᳖Ꮉ ਁ OFḩầᤨ㧔਄ߍầ㧕㏜Ꮉ

 ਁOFᄢ㕽Ꮉ ਁOF⃿⏴Ꮉ᳓ήᎹ

 ਁ OF ਁOFᄢ㊁Ꮉ╬ ਁ OFḧᅏㇱ ߳ߩ᷆᳓ᵹ౉

ầᵹ᷆᳓ᵹ౉ầᵹ⃿⏴Ꮉ߆ࠄ᷆᳓ᵹ౉ߦࠃࠆႮಽૐਅၞᐓầᤨ㧔ਅߍầ㧕ḧᅏㇱ ߳ߩ᷆᳓ᵹ౉

ầᵹ⃿⏴Ꮉ߆ࠄߩᄢ߈ߥᓇ㗀ߪߥ޿ḩầᤨ㧔਄ߍầ㧕࿑ ᐓầᤨ࡮ḩầᤨߦ߅ߌࠆႮಽಽᏓߩᮨᑼ࿑㧠㧚ᚑᨐߩᵴ↪ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲߦߪ㧘᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽߥࠄ߮ߦᵹᴫߩ⃻࿾᷹ⷰ⺞ᩏߦࠃߞߡ౎ઍᶏർㇱᶏၞߩ᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽ߅ࠃ߮ᵹᴫߦߟ޿ߡߩ⍮⷗ࠍ෼㓸ߒߚ㧚ᐔᚑ  ᐕᐲએ㒠ߦߪߎࠇࠄߩ࠺࡯࠲ࠍ↪޿ᢙ୯ࠪࡒࡘ࡟࡯࡚ࠪࡦߦࠃࠅ౎ઍᶏߩᵹᴫ߿᳓᷷࡮Ⴎಽߩ᜼േࠍౣ⃻ߒ㧘౎ઍᶏ᷆᳓ൻᓇ㗀✭๺ኻ╷ࠍᬌ⸛ߔࠆ੍ቯߢ޽ࠆ㧚ෳ⠨ᢥ₂  ṚᎹࠄ㧦౎ઍᶏߩⅣႺᄌേߩⷐ࿃ಽᨆߦ㑐ߔࠆ⎇ⓥ㧘ᶏጯᎿቇ⺰ᢥ㓸㧘╙  Ꮞ㧘㧘㧚  ᧛਄ࠄ㧦 ᰴరᵹേࡕ࠺࡞ߦࠃࠆ౎ઍᶏߩầᵹ․ᕈߩ⸃ᨆ㧘ᶏᵗ㐿⊒⺰ᢥ㓸╙  Ꮞ㧘RR㧘44