J. Mass Spectrom. Soc. Jpn.

Vol. 58, No. 2, 2010

REVIEW 
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Fundamentals of Mass Spectrometry
ῌIon Mobility Spectrometryῌ
Toshiki SJ<6> Department of Chemistry, Toho University, Funabashi, CHIBA, JAPANIon mobility spectrometry (IMS) has the same long history as mass spectrometry (MS). The method detects
charged molecules not in vacuum but in bu#er gas. Through the interaction between the charged molecules andthe bu#er gas, unique properties like structures, chiralities, and hydrophilicity of molecules can be observed by
IMS. However, the resolution and the sensitivity of IMS are far less than those of MS limiting the applicationsof IMS. Those disadvantages have been resolved by the recent development of the ion and the vacuum handlingtechniques, which leads to hybrid spectrometry of IMS/MS (ion mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry).
Here we show the concept and recent progress on IMS, especially on IMS/MS, which have been opening new ﬁeld
in nano, bio, and environment sciences.
(Received May 25, 2009; Accepted July 8, 2009){=D*`Ui ,EF|G*

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l{ vr ¹º»n VA ¹]^p fA ¹«¬­ t ¼a%
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῎ 51 ῎

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A

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O&PQ RS-  TUV@  W +!
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,:;<=> @fg 6fh)i6kkn \jm+_ opq[\
k
k k
k
k
MrVΐsV tmMrVΐtsMrV tmqEt(3)f t ! Y- X\(j FltmqEt 

op,\ 3- r t  ? ) uk kxy- xz :;3e&- V, Vΐ vw<=> 3e (- {|}~>3 Y  RS!CXY &- '[He(ῑ&[" 3ῑ ,&- +! ^Y  

Fig. 4.

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6 +- kkyz )  r v t, rvΐt ! Ykkkk
mr v tMrVtmmrvΐtMrVΐt
(5)



:;<=>   )*6f_·¸!
- ¹¸!)i6f t !º»d'Y  )'Yi6f f
]R^YW -  ?
3 ,¼½@ (a) ,:;<=>
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6f,ª«¬ !'Y RS (c) ,:;<=>&HI- )i6f,ª«¬ !'Y RS

 op\ 3-  /  xz / k k kvΐrhvΐsVΐ

!CX Fig. 3(c)- q (9) & vdmqEt/m   TU3,
B- ¢ ,£]R&W Y-(6)

 ^Y vwV ,
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rvΐsVΐtm0kk
 rvΐtmrVΐt(7) -

vd mqEt/m 3W

xz-  ) Z'\q (4), (5), (7) ! -yk rv t \  q (8) kY\(-

rvΐtmrVΐtm0 &- [ 3

)

,



(¤ 0 &- ¥¤b3I §! Fig. 4(a), (b) d@ Fig. 4(a))i6f t 3

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-

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

(q (7) &- z ) , 0 

Y
(8)

 

_,\qEt/(2m) ,- kM῎ kr v tmῌ
῍1 m῏rVΐtk 1
1
mqEtῌ  ῎
῍m
M῏

z

i6f

!©\! p(t)m(1/t) exp(st/t) ­_ Fig. 4(b)!3 2 $"®'(

fn
)6f)i6f t ¯& 2t 3e 3- <  vdm)  rvt - 1<  vd 

qEt/m  @RS- ,¢ °A]RW ,HI

Z',Q[^Y 
k1
1
vdhῒrv tῒmqEtῌ  ῎῍m
M῏

Xe 3'- _3+² m³M  , ,HI RS- #X´µ|! He :;u!CXY18) mM ,`,B< ,±W@(9) 7 Yz@ q (9)¢

RS- (X Hῌ !

SA,¡[ RS3<=>312!

RS!CX RSq(9)  vdmqEt/M & Fig. 4(c) ¶@ ]R^Y:;<=>ῐ 52 ῐ

RS

^Y

b3

  (7) v῕v V῕qEt/M    !"
#$ (4) %&'()* +, V 0+- V῕qEt/M ).&/012 LMN$ E/N [\%*!"X'Y Tῌ1/2 %F&'()V)K&J @2J/F12 #m
67$!"V* S ) !P 34 5 67 85 %9:*%9 yX $K& A$;<#67)'=>)? %9 

$@2LMN$K&J   (16) %ht

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F12 DG !" B$H ;3 qE ῍ 1
1 1/2῍ 2p ῏1/2 1
p ῏
῎
16 N mMῐ ῎kBTῐ W

vd

<$I2JA $K&%* ;<LM

(17)

NO.P '()*  (9) QDR;<$ 13), 17), 19)  (16)  (17) / P* S

$ '().&* S12;<$D A

2p/16 %9:*  (17) $ 20 
\ 1/῔ 3 , 3῔ 2p

 $ '();< !") T&* L
MN vd $U &/F12*  vd /

K&$[\$J%%9 LMN
 (17)  (1) * 3 K *!"V T, W7

Kvd/E N* X'Y !";<7+Z W

3 q ῍1
1 1/2῍ 2p ῏1/2 1
p ῏
῎
16 N mMῐ ῎kBTῐ W(18)

[\12]^)_2` Fig. 3(c) %F129'v %;<
!"/bc   '()3 K D}~)X2*$d %JeE* ;<#fghZ VAiWῌΐ vr ΐ )9 !"\ NῌWῌΐ vr ΐ jk

1* $ % l67)+PeE % N 

/!"W7%9 $#+ fA %9 DG C60 ]4LMN$ 6.97 m/s %()* Qa1

r%* #m67Sn\P Io!

&# '34 %20)* 300 K, 1  He!")* S12 158 V/cm D/2p

A * ) He  ¡()( rC603.5 Õ(10)"(/S

_13), 17), 19) *  (9) !"+Z W n\)9@ +Z W tu12 C60 /]4&'

1
1
t

ΐW
fA
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r

vd

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*

qE
1῏
῍1
ΐW ῎m p MῐNΐv
rWp£(rC60prCprHe)21.37£10ῌ16 cm2(11) &)* #qcbc ΐ vr ΐ 

(19)$  )]¤¥¦% !
"D¥¦/ (16), (17) )P* LMN 8.40 m/s, 6.84 m/s §]4* 6.97

 !"V/[rk#qcbc%

$S

J* 2 s#bc/2tu12`ΐvrΐῑ῔ v2r



m/s /¨©1 *  (16), (17) ª1&«(12)¬&/F12%6)* C60 $+­&13), 17), 19)

 2 s#bc 
v2r( vvV )2v2pV 2v2 vῌV )'Jtu% F12 '()
D}~%3 B/h12:@2'*v pV 
2

2

3kBT
3kBT

p
m
M

3 B$ :'J¨©%

$F&(13)

2.2  ;<

!" 2 s#X'YV/13), 17), 19) %*  (4)  V 0 '

y%®,%* D}~P IoD)';2wx%:* vῌV 0  / y (13) z{|<.A) ¯K&J-°% /,.)* D}~)X2;<QD)'.$D)';<±²³$A)c12-°%)K&DG* ;< !"#$A

DG/eE13) '( DG* 2.1 ´%F1A

12  ¬D¥¦!"¥¦/µ1¶·jk% J* ¸¹ º e`%*1
3
mv2
k T
2
2 B
1
3
MV 2
k T
2
2 B/P0$$9(14)b34 6)* #m67 t 7;<$D)'@2.&$* O.11dA¸¹ º (15) !"+%P¯2 !")E

%9/2  (12), (13), (14), (15) / (11))P* LMN vd 
1 qE ῍ 1
1 1/2῍ 1 ῏1/2 1vd
p ῏
῔ 3 N ῎mMῐ ῎kBTῐ W*

 LMN?
[12?

(16)

%;<1d¸¹ º )%9:* m|"7)E¸¹º  !"+)^1*  !"
A¸¹ º )»& yhtu)¼r ½
ῒ 53 ῒ

T. Sugai

 

 !"#$%

2
3
1
1
k T,
m(vd*,Erndm(v2*+
2 B
2
2

(27)

4!|h&-4S$% zEF{/01S}b&'  & >?56789:q Ernd 1
1 ῌ1 2+qEvdt+῍ , ῏ vd
῎m
Mῐ

$e

&4=h-42$%&'(20)--$ 1 .$/0123!
456789:2;&2 ~

1
1m(v2)v῕2*+
M(V῕2)V 2*
22- !zEF$$ 7YZEF

<=>?@A 2.B 1 C FDDs+qEDvdt 4=&EFGH/0

O (16) $Ph-4$%g 56789:Z
$"#$%' b  t <h&/01
456789:4[IYZ vr 2 EF

1I>?&JK<L>?&' M 2 .N&Y

A~F AS>?&GH$e&' [IYC qEvdt <O (9) <? vd $P>?&'ZIh&-Z O (26) <&4-O (20) $P& EFGH/012;&

56789:YZ 2 ab (V 2* 56789:

4 vd QR<S!T>U>VWX& 
/01YZ4 [IYZ \]YZ @Z T GH 3kBT/M 4P&^(v2r*+(v2*,(V 2*+

QR<_`&' O (13) <? [IYZ 2 ab (v2r*  (v2r*+(v2*,(V 2* 4"#$%&' M \]

M῏ 2
1
1῏
T,῍
+῍
῎1, mῐvd
῎m , Mῐ3kB

YZ Fig. 3(a) $=> !
ῒΐ

vcmc

d
d
mv,MV
m,M

3kBT
2
M 2 3kBT
v,
,vd,
m d
m
M

2
1
1῏
+῍
῎m , Mῐ(3kBT,Mvd)

(21)

(28)

$eA $>'4=h-42$%&' EF [IYZO (13) 4

-HYZ<? /01
dd
YZ v, v῕ <P>?f&13), 17), 19)' Mg /01YZ v, v῕

h&4~4%f AS Mvd >?



2>4_`

2

&' -</012S}~2d ῒΐ

v+vcm,

M d
v
m,M r

(22)

d ῒΐ
v῕+vcm,

M d
v῕
m,M r

(23)

Mvd
T
(29)
3kB
4"#&Z Te# <h&4 7YZ
Te#cT,

vd+! \]YZ4[IYZ<?=h-42$%&' --GH $/0123!



+

Iih& (v *)(v῕ * <j&' klm$no22qE ῍ 1
1 1/2῍1
῏1/2 1, ῏Mῐ ῎3kBT,Mv2dῐ W
N ῎mqE ῍ 1
1 1/2῍ 1 ῏1/2 1, ῏
N ῎mMῐ ῎3kBTe#ῐ W

pq2r-&[IYZ 2 a> (v 2r +4~Fv῕r ), MO (7) GH (v῕r*+0 HO (4) GH (V *+0 

AS Th&'

2

2sGt?&' -HuvGH(ῒΐ(v2*)(v῕2*+ ῍
῎vcm,

(

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(

ῒΐ

+2 vcmῌ
+

-

M d῏
v
m,M rῐ

2

) ῍
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d2

M
v῕῏
m,M rῐ

*! EF2 ¢$%&EFuv4y*Z@?\(24)2§¨$e&' ¡Z©ª@&

cm2c1 Td 4!­®$P&' E/N 2 2¯6 Td °{$e±x²EFuv$eA E/N 2 100 Td <³`&!$e&4¡ZEF´µp2¢$%V

&9), 21)¯23)' - ¶·¸uv$e& 1 ¹º 300(25)

4!QR2;H&' --GH
2
2
1
1
1
1
m(v2*+
M(V 2*,
mvd,
Mvd
2
2
2
2

(31)

Townsend «¬<` -§¨ E/N  10ῌ17 Vῌ

2
2M
2M
v+
((mv2*)(MV 2*)m,M d (m,M )2y (mv2*)(MV 2*+(m,M )vd

3kBTW ῍ m ῏1/2E¥Nq ῎m,Mῐuv2¦ >?&F$e&' - ! E/N ¡

2M(mv2)MV 2*(m,M)2h-42$%' O (26) 

T> ¡Z K SEFuv

3kBT
2 ῍1
1 ῏῍ 1 ῏῍ qE ῏2¤vd+῎ , ῐ῎m
M
M
3kBTῐ῎NWῐ

M d
v
m,M r

 ! /01zEF{$b

AS

(30)

Te#ῑT hs£*

4P&' -O4wx;HO (20) GH(v2*)(v῕2*+

K 56789:»EF¼h&4 1,000 V/cm°{2EFuv 10,000 V/cm °½2zEFuvI(26)

ih&' 2.1 C$#X¸F20) 300 K, 1 ¹º He

<P<56789: >? 158 V/cm EF<?
& - E/N  0.65 Td 4&' -F O

῔ 54 ῔

2d 

(19)  C60  

 (16)  vd8.4 m/s C60   He  300 K (῔ 3kBT/M1,370
T/Mm/s) 
300.1 KῑT!"

B#0 @AB4@A6#

#$%& T e# '()*+,-/'*+0
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 .

100 Td 1' 24,500 V/cm, 300 K, 1

0< 8,/8 5  "856 _<'Y,0

 EF#0<9), 21)o23)

@A6#0<

8 Tint

.G#5 

Tint  #H#0

Tkin

8 Tkin?@ABCD

2" He3 #4 - C60  56,'78# # I56 %PqP5*+#9-%;<  (30) 

  %#d  JK5 , 4.2 \7 5.4 \ 1,030 m/s, Te#470 K=>  

 J F# L+m%RSTF#(

9-:5?@ABCD  # !5
/8 C60

He ,>-/ 1o1 km/s3 RST ?@ABCD#< *+#5  ,E 

%t 'Y P 9F#RSTM

F#/'*+ ,?@ABC
D  #< G6H&5

,H&IJ< KL MNO#'H?@ABCD   j   RST <  ¡` CD  -jGF,Zu &¢{<  !N-%# 1,300 m/s #55 

2.3 ῎ῌ῍PQ RST ?@ABCD UV, H;-WX 'Y

87' 56

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TOF (time-of-ﬂight) £¤

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!d e$#'#f% !&g8 Te# hUO"H  B<ªV0  §¨# RSTi'(,H5 f%) < jk'Jl

RT*m!#d ,*m P*mnMN< 'Y!02.2 \]^-HF# ?@ABCD+

RST ' ?@ABCD, E/N #p-%-x, ¬­sb«V

RSTRd,H'

 /#'()'r#0<t-®F#C¯°±T1w]H   %PqP5RST 'rn(x, t)

 ?@ABCD, .s#:%tZuv>-#W,X&RSTbUV,#cH 'Y RST9), 21)o23)

2.1 \

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Y / OS ! #5  RST§¨RST(x²xd)2῏
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(32)

d 3E#' CD,#f% x14y

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L
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14 k TVqln 2

(36)

B

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Fig. 5.

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(39)

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(37)

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Fig. 5 $5:9t_O U ID

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(38)

kI

 *. r "JRW]*»¼" *+]Y67 % !
56H




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

Kpolv

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13.88
[cm2/(Vῌs)]
῔ ma῕

(42)

( Polarization limit13) *0(GC7- k* l (41) 2C 25/῔ ma῕ (;7 0!

H*aH cm2/(Vῌs) <;7-"#$0(12 Fig. 5 &'!ΐ3Gp&'!(QRSTUVWM^_$`U

45 !"#$ 6 078

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A
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ULJ N#*[< ῔ T p LM% t  H

A
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9?C7 E/N <<>? GA .(¢W.b Md 2.1 J / M¡*- 2 &'!&I<*[

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 [&'!(VWe7f723g4h

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?C7 -G6n£);7 P¤ 27  1

07M [m-bI<6nd N2  b^_$`U7F !"#$^_$`U8{
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(40)

&'!ΐ345

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(41)

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3.5 ῍῎ῑῐῑ῏

6$ 2pr!-s? $ 5o K=;<FPQ'W0!_-`\86$ PC<@# 7

  07$ 5 +¡@¢  5Qt£9 u¤3¥?? 

PCR3 ISgHI!< 7#86$ @ 7 cO$  RF 3G-5oQt^!T?e?N@![9#863$ M

£93M  37

{ M3)*3 7 G\WQ 

!bc h36@iL!E86$ ./g

T0M3$ 0R 13Fo 8kU 6VjD 8W A

X )5$ Y)5"5 RF 

+0? Fig. 8
M?¨v

Z[

¦v

RF 3E$ IF 

WQ§!

2©N@G@d?#70 wª3+G

IF

xP@<« 3+9

, 7 \& ] ^?@_-937), 43) 7 MNO$ 4 y¬A#10 c

$ 77' (IF: ion fun-dM3)*0 7 d$ mWozC#41), 42)nel)

3VZ_# IF  Fig. 8

G\3$ A=;<Gm{­C#1Gl ` 0- 0a bc3d?3[

0P!$ W L®!,¯86$ <uv2@?

M @G\3$ | ?u32@@ 7

0P!+VB!5!#$?8e!+V1Gl |IN@!m@}8

7  53$

Sf-d\5/3 100 V, 1 MHz

0P!~R32@?$ W L?!,¯70 °RF !$ 3g+0?bc h3!

8337), 43) Fig. 8 ?,^ $

LG\iL 

V/cm !jL#

IF !70$ =;<G:±x}yX SimIon8.0 G²$ ³j

$ 



kQ lmn13H[?,G\3$ 5 WQ =!:±# HS-1 :±´µ¶44) !

0P o3,K RF  !v

Y?$ 300 K

ῌ 59 ῌ

He 1 Torr Q

·
C60


a!

T. Sugai

RF 

1 MHz, 50 V   2 kV/m  
   100 ms 





 "



$:5J

MDkJ D{PDE   PT $ %&'() *+, %$ )DQR@'{./01-#

1 mm (-+NO+, ((M



 IF

RF !

L0pFGH"4pIJ+, #2

 Fig. 9 (M08

3 456 3!+73 89$:

Q'S+S(MD3  P(M4.4 ;< =D V

traveling wave# xT$ j Ux(-+ y< D{ (->&?@A $B3
3.6 

:5  $ D9 {UV WX

CDE F1GGH01I5JK$LM  ! "O P S/N P

Y

46)

4 Z[  D / C (IMS/CC

## O$LP$%Q 7RS T&'MS) #\]3

VD $ " #  ("UDC CD _kl7 [MN

N

 V

 VMN W)X *+  %

Y, -$L .Z+7 [\-$ ]

4. 

./^_J`aI4[bc fA )
/VdefgdK^h&iJ (JFET: junction ﬁeld
e#ect transistor) 01"E"kl73-

n[ GW 4o)pq5r3m\ " #  `/abcdef7 [ C f7$Ku ghf7
Y

 bc fA ) 1 mV q4o 
3DD8s)6

103 7U/s 



4.1

2j

7"E  TW 013m^h+73 P5#%1 100 20) ijk¡Vl,

1,000 t9:;  Uu3 v

"



47)

 ¢!%nC

Q$$ {u3 _ 106 [3wP: Cxy<$Lzl{T

£K/s PD#nMN>&?@!

 TnD9  P|01}J=>~?'!
@3-AB CD UEM  FGH"

" P S/N, bc ns :

- C

P [¤:;

![ Y#  Ct9¥V¦

IJ $Cs 4E (single-particle-c§aK>&?@

counting condensation nucleus counters: CNC) \]3-48)

Fig. 9 $K45), 46)

 ª\+7349)

1J1FGH"

100 M `

# /C9 (IMS/MS) >&?@?¨m ©: 1962 Y
7>&?@  T&'

Q'P«a./J%&q1Wn  # ok#  pkB P_Wn 
Ckt9T&'

 CkB

# k ¬­Ckt9$L +®$k¡Vl,T7t9 # 

 C¥V j¯ D °l7  ±[ ²q+73

R³

rs'$tQ
4.2 
Jarrold50), 51) x Bowers52), 53) 

1980

Yru 1990 Yvwª\+7 ´µ=C

x7

t9

xyLm¶^&iJz+7 z7{v C|}+7·~xyLm$L¶^&iJ ¸§.
K¹1L$Xsxps 'ª\+754)¸§.K¹1

q1xºX+73 =   ¶^&iJ
Fig. 9. 4E (CNC) K
1J1H"$LJ+, (M%$ 1 ms (-+NO+,(MD (M08 Q'S+S(M3  P(MD V

K#   % $B 7
N  C C|}abp
<»3

Bowers ¼1JI ½¹¶iJdC3Cp ῌ 60 ῌ

3

Torr 

   !"

#$%&
0&

' (52), 53)) Jarrold *+,-./'1

2@4-F2: HI 65(



23 45 6+,7) 89-,&

A3224)) 89,s]^&
:

:;

FG<;

:$! 

'16 <m

$!aW7QA8@   s`8@:82) 88@-9:32<= >!,?8@,7) 8A ` ) 8g

B CD E3 C60 FGHI 6- I

&9<@ ,-a`"A32) ~,-

KFG "QRQF=:S 8@:;) Z[=KB CD:$FWTT7)

HI 6T23- 5.4 U,<VWXY) 88Z[' OWLM<&'\ ]^,_ 

  !"A3`&'4.3 ῎῏ῐῌ῍U,<Z[a( 3/&,- 

@&'B CD'm>? 4AA

:@?`Fg :@?`AF;A) 88@ c g Fig. 10 ,BC"A(9<a`;A3255), 56))89-Z[a( bc 2 MS/MS (mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry) @d@eGf,7g h&c+ XY'F9<@ g L

JKLM<HNKO*I 6P*&c+';_:F'B CD  :=K&'D:"A3?) 8D-

= 23s c+D, E

@&' u 6@¡¢F3!i,7) 89,7Wj@<F"#:

2 Jarrold £¤:) 8D-J¥¦§@ J¨@ " 



<T

k l Torr 

]^m

$!n



=!"A

&

'

./0&

'1

3  %opQF`3-F F28@,7) 8

(QMS: quadrupole mass spectrometer) ,="A32%opq-lr eV LXs2tuvw:&'57)) J¥¦FG,HI 6  F8@<7W 

 ' QMS ,&@baW:_("A) _("A-$%

xQ,)y"A) 88@  @ (z*#,7: 5.2 U,Z[©ª+«FGH ¬

8@:{+@FW 5.4 U,Z[a( HI 6
=,|,- ESI @I ­®"AJI.8@:,?

B¯6,° | 32+ J     |  (ESI: elec-) 8D"#-KT7) Q± 630 mm @K-}W~) Q  u J H  N' () 8 Fig. 10 ,-J¥¦§@Gq;=

trospray ionization) FG,* / 10 kV sL ²_ <@M

8@FG<{+F) 8"#-b-}c (CID)He

3 NL O³TTPL´µ Q"#@0,7W 1uvw  ,?8

s

c+

{ +    8 @ , 7 ) ¶ @ 232) 88@  "#3 3

10,000 L/s M@!

R·¸©+@= ¹a%

Fig. 10. =Ks c+/&'1=) J¥/|a§,  He 500 Torr
,S"AT" 630 mm  )  Uº »3 "A-=V
Uº ./0& WX"A)  >!"AQ,5- Uº5,7
5@d¼02g 85 & ½@
8@,/&':)
ῌ 61 ῌ

T. Sugai

f 0.1 mm 

 







!"#$ % &'(#$)*"+ #,-.

/$



$ 10

ῌ5

012343 1 5Torr )*6 1 789"+ #:;

< 5,-.1 )=3"5

#:;e(yb'(>$'  #%&)1 `?&"+ < 5$ @O)5!"#%&)8 A

>)?)*"+ '' 5
>)1 ESI @) nA A1010 /sB   C

' e

cyclotron resonance),-.8?& R(58)61)+

R11 0.1 mm  )*6 / &'1R[
BZ3"+ #(\d)1C<5)

DEFGHIJKLM῍ (LC/MS: liquid[ KNOEDw RF  l

chromatography/mass spectrometry) @)8 

 (IF)  

P.Q A10 B  

KNO 

8 '  )R"&' 5/)1 23 A10 SB
10U' 5/



1 5 &T'(V WX 1 7 < 5

 _!:[5/

!"#$`3"37), 43), 60), 62)+ z(#,-.)/

e

 E!no F'(:;&4 $`#5$6 _!`#$`G

YZ[ 1 + #(\?:68

H&"+ {¡&  '( I

S11"&][6 < 5&1`¢]!";£&¤ J1J&¥'[ )R (\  g:X¦6K'§L^ &_!` "a,-.`#$)*"+#%&1bc)8/
d8

5/

f&g

/,-.$'

e1

8%&?)*"+ 2.3

h (36) &i'(:;& j'&1/`3¨!"+ TOFMS (time-of-ﬂight mass spectrometer) )1MYN `© km/s @N)*"(\ #GH11ª« TOFMS :;&  ¬¦6

e 1kNlMm `?no 

K'§L _!

&pq'(()*r&+,!"+ #:;(30­ "#$`)R"+ ''/s' 3(/

t-./0`12u0.1­ 

)1N ` 10 m/s @w\ 3N)*v)R"3(nwx yb!"(\&1  $4"(\ ¦6K'§L`#5$"+ z(67("#$`O' + d)1e (\&4 2


9

18)

(

pq!"(\&1 {N,P8)i3":;&kNlM`#5)

QMS



$'

Fig. 11.

eL3¨`GH&
4.4yb'(+ #%&1"` <= 

3 m    "no8*6 ¦6K'§*"+ #%&1 #3|} !~ :('(;d/ _!

"43)+

Traveling wave ῐ῔ΐῑῒῌ῍῎῏#:;&5/)1®  `R GH)*"+ F 4.3 f)~(:;& < 5,-.

TOF E FTICR (Fourier transform ion&z¯z  "°8±²& #GH

Traveling wave /,-.³$(P´µQ+ §L(`R6o;<¶·S¡(w¸$&¹NOJ
K Tº q£3"+ R6o;(w`$6 traveling wave »¼`U£3"+ 1½* &8V* &8KNO3"+
ῌ 62 ῌ

N

   Waters   traveling wave (TWIMS: traveling save ion mobility spec-

trometry) !62) "# $%&'()*+ RF $%&,$- ./0123# $%&+4 !  !"# 56 3.5 7!89
$%&:;&<= (IF) >  ?0#  @
A!"3B Fig. 11 12C @C
0D IF +E.2@ 1 MHz, V FG (RF)  '(&HDIJ
D  RF KLMN
O# 5P53Q$R&S
U

TV!



TUI

W5D  RF G" IF +X"FB## $%&RF +YG!

@Z$[B\%]# ^_+D@&'`(a+)! 3.5 7!89 IF +# $%&"b RF  cdD@e*fJ@fJg
B h  RF  

cdD+ij, 12#  "-V!MkE.l42), 62)

JD/@mnop$%&'()* (LIT: linear ion

Fig. 12.

trap) +3q LIT +r30"s 2 01t# 56NO23!i4u$%& #  TWIMS !"i4u56D/@7D8vwI0! LIT !"Traveling wave (TW)  qºA »! k$%&" (TW)TEn¼£:;12kE½#  Fo$%&" TW DH1B
U

@"i4u9w# i563@":;1t3O# 122<3i4u$%& x=! J# LIT !">y4uz¤M" TW !"5Ef3O# i

D"+i'()*0{&|=.'()*+JIJZ VB#  LU

?B@

# i4uzD"A.M{&|=.M# }~B 12# U$%&bZ

1B CB3 f#  TWIMS !"D8>y*¥:;$=fJ ![  !"4u'()*{&|=dI# i4u@DM$%&,¦Z"W ?!"3BUH@Z! sin  {&|= 1t+ $[3§1D '()*V+ TW U¢

!  {&|=" 1 eV ME#GX#+!# "Y¨©55'

F]<=1EM"f$[B3. ()*Z$%&9D7+ ![# [\]3

O# TWIMS !"):;,+$%&"# RFHu. ^ TW U_q Xª  @ffD."# >y4u@DkHz !E# `«3UMi4u@DM Fig. 11 12CG

U" 10 V  1B¬/D ^_ TW 

42)

T2<BfJ TW

MX V/cm +­®FB![3 J)

@+}'()* !"'()*$%& 3:;,Ua" 1 Torr !E# t+¯F+7$%&Hu.0 J TOF

ba^_# "Y"­®F4 !"3Nu.DIJK+3D63), 64) 12 TWIMS "6c7 TOF 

# L$%&i4uMCG =$%IMS °c7Dd0M!E# eJ&,+ 3.3 7 VN# +7 ¢&'fgLM6c+­±

7D62) +" Fig. 12 12@#!+ hJD64)

traveling wave (TW) +Oi4

4.5

u$%&U&dI+!

2 i,+$%&²j]4³!8912#

FAIMS U"X V/cm  # ZD

A6^&'fgLR9O"k@´!

EO12+fJ# traveling wave +w2 µMXl! 2!3.# m¶ Te#

P¡J  TW U¢QRS+!#.·¢# $%&+):;,Z¸q71&TE£:;12# 'fgL~1BfJ# +&'fgL@¹$[M"TW D LH1BU f#

x=3 f# L@]7

ῌ 63 ῌ

ﬁeld

T. Sugai

Field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) ¶·¸z¹  ZQ[ 0 *'(a(asymmetric)  TU (DV) \]+Wg/X º`,>?@L 7 0hUL 0 Wk (CVo0), (b)  N LWg/XLG>?@»L¶·¸ i+ (a)  NVW L6
>?@ +,  Z0hU (CVl0) ¼[P \]$*D 1\ i*L (c)  N>?@ ½0hU (CVp0) \]$Fig. 13.

asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry(FAIMS)  

9), 16), 65)

E3 FG +I+* f  
/

0

MALDI 34$5

DVG>?@GH

XI<b*J$ !WP  7 ! "#$%&'(!)*+,- .
'(!)*+,

FAIMS

ABCDf &+,6' KL"#+ 127 j2 6>?@ 6>*6

6789 LC/

ABCD<b%& *  vL+,GMS : GC/MS (gas chromatography/mass spectrome-*  >?@ N !WP try) :;89 <+ =3

>?@AB89CDE*F,G

Thermo H3IJK,GL M

Fig.

7>?@<M N>*

7+%Wk

<  !*+, %N *J+,G $!WP  7 

13  N  OPQ<+ R SPQ

>?@GH $%&'(!)*+TU*+,VW !WPX"1,VY#*+,, O PIG*+,G < FAIMS $1 WZQ[0

 N VWL\]

ABCD* Q LLG

*E

ZQ% !WZQ% &^_`,G +% 7*G1 %& FAIMS  7

 N '(aVY#\]$*IJ FAIMS *G+%>?@ !  R+ +I<yN)LbG%  NW$1 J c7'd)@L6  N;*+*+,PQ ++ >?@ Fig. 13  N%& S'(!)*+, !W  D*L,- VW LV>?@Fig. 13(a)  N VW.e(c) VW L!>?@$ (b) 

e
?@

N

W

+G FAIMS TU (DV)"#0hU (CV) *+,$1 1



FAIMS

N !W.

G %& (a) >?@(b), (c) >?@



N



%&'(!

)¡¢  vGW. +% £>?@ £QL¤z }U3 . b

: TzbD !WP * 4¥¦V+i$ N 0h$ j2 '(aVY#$1P
0hU\]+ (eP<O

+ fLg/+G>



FAIMS

34+,GWkL5

CVl0 Wk1 i+mn CVo0, CVp0 Wk i$  N 0hU6_q rPX 7ON%bb9) FAIMS  7§S bG,<S} L
,G66)68) ¨© 2.2 ª« (32)
VGW$1%Wk

N

W g/$ ¨% FAIMS  N WLZQ`,"#$Wk  6' K [*+,?J J¬IJ 2.1 ª« (1) ­W+,

& FAIMS  ! stL0hU utL>?

t0°Dt®vd¯oῌ
K(EDV/N)EDV(t)dt῎
῍ t0
῏ Dt

ῑ

@v*GNw8 >?@xy)@:'(!)zIJ 9{|+}:,G~P+% j K(E/N) **±² 

EDV

ῌ

(43)

TU (DV)W (QMS) *;+,G<L5G M+ ZQ"# t0(t0°Dt)

 PQ7L mm, VU*+, kV, Y#(aVY#Y³ D< I XGZQY´ Dt µ1

 = kHz1 MHz >FAIMS ,G  K(E DV /N)!WP* D ?J@ ABCD  Wg/X%&%&
®vd¯oK(0)ῐ 64 ῐ

 TU*+,'« (32) 

N

W

g/$

&'
t0Dta2
῍
῎ t0 EDV(t)dt N2ΐ EDV/N

ΐ

t0Dt

3 9), 67)

ῌ3
EDV(t)dtῌῌῌ῏ῐ Dt (44)

t0





 (44)    t0(t0Dt) t Dt
Eave[ΐt EDV(t)dt]/Dt 
vd K(0)Eavec mUvN >?@AB H? ' A %mUv,78
3#M$ "O C- MN,,7z00 (1)  ! "#%$e7S- nJ< 3 a}]^_WFvUK,L?MM-<3

 ' (45)

DP,1,74m

$ % 

Uv "O? mUv Q  >?@AB) FAIMS *+C'HJ % S n( %

&'( 0 ,-. -/0 Eave 0 -R, 1.2 ?M']^_3c>

1 EDV 23   (44)  ? S % *+ T %O$ 

0 ,-4 2 56  783 (44) a2
vdῑK(0)῍
῎N 2

ΐ

t0Dt

3c+pq67!K*% 2.2 ῌ

3EDV(t)dt῏ Dt

(46)

ῐ

t0

?M1,74]^_ "O% 3
 '/cUVHI,%$mUv

9 %% EDV/N:;<!-! a2



 %

=>?3(DV) ,7 FAIMS M4 WX3MrnvnYHJ

.@L%.@r&'@o78 74Z,--! Fig. 13 "ABC#$< FAIMS [G8 \%O$#dON$DEFG%- HI,-&'@ (CV) ,3  aM XG_]J]^_-< 2 U^N

7() (ECV) J23 % DV ,7DEFG%

]^_,]JM C? @o78 -!- 0 ,?3K* LMNvd

"O L%#%$mUvN_`? 

a2
K(0)ECVK(0)῍
῎N 2

ΐ

t0Dt
t0

@o78

ῌ

3
EDV(t)dt῏ῐ Dt

0C-!-%#<$O,-83

21)23), 69)71) G,a%%O$

HJ? ]^_

ΐ

a2
P῍
῎N 2

t0Dt
t0

ῌ

3
EDV(t)dt῏ῐ Dt

&'@.@,783#M$
EDV QR

$

ῌ

(MPH)

 ECV . (EDV)  Fig. 13 7S, DV 1@*+ 1 +T2 PDV/3 3

3
2a2EDV2 %$

L3# E/Ng?

n HI,j4(%?3 %7S, FAIMS 3c+pq6|<f"3c#]^_

8,783!'&'@o78 \%-<#¦  3 72)

aM FAIMS s=|<?7S§¨#l¥(4 1©ªE«¬­_

(49)

9N

 MῌO2ῌ O$£ ;¤ h, M%O$# 2 i?M 

6k?3l¥,x6 3i4

a2 3
P 2 EDV(11/4P1/273/4)
NP,\%#R@r@def,\,(-Z  (48) 
ECV"O 100 Td ]¡methyl salicylate c]^_¢E(48)@*+ 3 +T2 UVWX@Y a2

23  E/N  250 Td a\ L ' E/N \o78b~3  E/N

(47)

ECV

$, WFvU

%#I$3 vCVvDV

®Evn¯8^[?Mgh#(61), 73)$,[\  ]^_` LMN,./-&'@,

FAIMS  IMS/MS Y?M FAIMS/IMS/MS °UV7.@,7 3 0,12%

±-<#m 74) FAIMS [cU-!

/O %%

>?@AB#Q C- nk(% d5 Maba-3c,Q?343a% d5 3 66), 67)$,1e a4, a6, ῌῌῌ -<#f6%#gh 3 68)

4 5.2 |J7S, FAIMS\#  FAIMS]^_s=+-cUVF²nv%7S, FAIMS ,i &'@.@ i-! -³o8#8Mk(%Hp7j]^_kQUlmGn 'o78?yy( FAIMS  $'o78,i1e,9:,Q;% <$O,-8M]^_qrrs=\%4r -<Q;?O?<7S-pq6rs=,74%$1es % I$3i475) ´µ%$|Vt O aM%QUlmGn,uvm[\¶¢ m

<7S-w$#0<7S-s=,xO,y

3 z#{ ,|< 3 -a}>?@AB,o7?- Y ~3]^_7S,1' C

5. ῌ ῎ ῐ

Fig. 13(c)2.2 D O-

5.1 ῍῏

4EF]^_  G,] -]^_ Fig.
13(a) 7S,'#,HJ% I$$,t/,-83 !·2$' 1 i~M7S, u¸ ¹!G,«ºnr»¼½EV²vQ;v/-k?

ῒ 65 ῒ

T. Sugai  9) #r5W sW 9t?0 B/D?06/

H4 G4 #!?0tu()

$%&'

uvH#!?0 T2 ?0 SwKD( ) 1990 *+## #N%,F(2 Sw:;#4 x(4  

 (IMS/MS)   4 

!"# 




:1; /#%T2  ,- 100 ./01

?0SwA*TmI8 &' 2(#@$!"2 #3 E$%4&' () 5 *+ 678,

IMS/MS #!F(299

5.2 ῏ῒ῔῎ῌ῍ῐῑΐ  2(-9:;#.<=> /# A

[/Z^]_`&' , ,4#?0 *1

2yz {DM(|U

@2A,2 B#CDEF3. B G456), 78), 79)

K*+,

=%# IMS/MS

5=#@ (#?06H /DG4

@#}#~94 9\] ESI

 I748(# 94 ()B\]H=% Z] B #!

:1;J99\] *T 1/`k? '#

9D=%N%,

=%   9\]JU#O#r5?

 2(N%L<(O>,? ,K*+

6L<M4

06. 1/`k? m/z # 2?#@$ I7P

A2

QR & 5 

 B

I8

\][¡-DX

=#¢248), 56), 63), 80)S#JT?0UV *1@2#&' C2([/Z^]_`?0f24 Fig. 14 #!"49WT?0AXDYZ[\]^]_`? B

(a)

6?0  2(?0E F(2G4Globule, (b) Helix, (c) Extended ?0 an?

0 (a) #c2 Fig. 14(a) ( (c)  *+

6#5a5 IMS/MS Gb(&'()J9Hd!"# G4

c 1 e,-4fg

h!IJ@ *+ 64&'ijx /D  D 

O(a) ( (c) £¤k¥0WD

WX#4! ¦k 6h! Ll(2

?0

T#78,  2( 6m+An+opKq, ?0A#CDrLMs,2

ª(K «¬­#! 6 ;®¯~0®°] B
Mc±?0 ²256), 78), 79) N 5 O6,2APQ@2 B
8(#2 ,:;' tu() 99§~¨0`}f©2  ?0 #

Helix ?0£¤k¥0 Globule Y#d JU#WDBy [/ZO³

 2(G4vR n4vR B,19Sw '  WXG4 )*Tx JU 4VDB#!5 Helix ?0 ¢2 B G4[/Zy 

,

N%WX*Tan?0A2

X ´


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 (#*T@z(Y% B{6HD .µ¶j·] (A) an Helix ?0g# Z[4' (\, LA  G4¶j·][/Z\] A¸n <]^ X _A NMR¦¹º# Globule ?056), 81) !"?0

B OL)

»

{" 2 |6} 6?

0~k?0 8(# 578,
`D X#y4aQb!Q7]6)8) A`j1^076)
?0def

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 !JU 78,#Q7 4
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#?0I

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kl

2 IMS/MS 

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?0I *Q7249)bk2  78,no?T2
78no,  no`j1^0 j0~] 7
80 B#  2(78,A
22#. y9/%T244
 Tp.Sq,bk2
ῌ 66 ῌ

Fig. 14.

G4
#!5f2^]_`}[/Z (a) Globule, (b) Helix, (c) Extended ?0 (a) ( (c)  x /D  D 
 OWX#4!  (a) ( (c)  £¤k¥0 W
D  an?0 (a) #c22( pH ¼  O ¶¯8½A\]MaQ#rL?06H{" G48(# 55k(



 

 (Ac)῍C(O)CH3 


N 

#cde4$

 C FAIMS  IMS 5l<L $!"#$ %&'()*+ C ,-'()*$ -.
 /56), 81)0  12 (A)3

C -" AcA15K῍Hῌ 5(4 (K) #

67 1008 Helix $

ῌ

^#_

"~.<Z #0 <?

#90)0 ;z{5l"*/FAIMS _?=NQ

 IMS ,NQ)U"; FAIMS !`
; ab" 75 K c( +C cde4, Globule $V? Extended $[,S

d5FG1t (IT: ion AcKA15῍H

5 1008=;R= 0 ;Globule 9:0 ;5 C (4 (K)trap) !`%;; IT/IMS/MS (ion trap/ion"+ <=(4/

Helix



75)

mobility spectrometry/mass spectrometry) P?V

$ > 12 (A) < % Helix $ /C91) <?/z{eVB0 ;5c

5/?/#=@A3?0 ; C -5

de4!'()* b/f?VL,K!"#"PBC D(EFG

5 I( FGSi 1'g yB/

=+%  H 0 ;+5 FGIFJ<# IMS NQ"P$# Liῌ 5 Helix $ #0 54D"E5hi/?/V = $82)

K"><L</#;R   I F J  H / Naῌ, Kῌ, =ppFGS";!5j:"; "/Rb , Cs 5 Helix $ , 0 ;?

BW# FGS YZs0k(1'Globule $ῌῌ!D(EFG

M5  /$!IFJ%&FG'()*+ Helix $5UV /0

NO&L'()*!"P!#$N+%&"NQ Helix $ R'S"=@:#56), 78), 79)0 T(K<= Helix $

A3?

5)

U*R':C 725 K+ % Globule 9! Ex-

tended 9=83)0 I F J   H / Cyto-,S/VIMS A-I,+BZ=1'%&l C43) IMS

=$ mn V?
P$ +#= 2",S1'S:92)0 ;?A-o IMS 1'

5 T($mn"o IMS 1'%FGpqOrs!$ ,S;?/V =0 ;=@^V."~ 1 o IMS 1'5 60  80 c(chrome c /W5- X15 Y. / <Z #L:.";R< #0 ;5"~@ #0

C Globule 9V? Extended 9/W[,=% 2 o1'yb; 4801,360  1

S";%\1< #78)0 ;?2"P$1'tu5/L tu!2"P$ ,S345]> &# % 675]>/W1:;R C47), 93) 4D"E ¡"~'< # Helix $k(1'H.R< #0

 L#;!  ESI F
84)

GS89 pH ,S$ ,S";^#_5.3 ῍῎῏ΐῑῌῐῒ

< #85)02S¢ `a5;
DNA $

b/'()*!cde4Yf2vow ;$qx M";V? U#0 A 9?Zh$ ! BV/§n¨:Cy=0 ;5 2001 z(n¡S

9?Zh$ g; i?j<=M>k?

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0 IMS/MS 6VYZI,+BZ

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:C IMS/MS /$ῌ 67 ῌ

g;_5/#H/

T. Sugai

95)97)

 /,KF#$ !
 "#$% &' 

1848

, R

S

#$

# /96) #$k% /0 9-proline  `()*+

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 $*

2/34156% 7  89+8% :; <% =

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>?@ABCD!

; `% 1*+cd67 no36|$/[.$  lm=)

 Hill .HIJKL !"

#$M0N% 10 ppm %&'(S)-(O)-2 -butanol +p;#$/lm3F

p;#$/lm3 A

E FG% 15:IMS/MS 

9-proline  A-proline Rolm3p;Sb% fm= -|$  9

P (R)-(Q)-2 -butanol  R ( # SY6g% ,o*+

proline J6no% lm=p;/ TNlm3 8fm306/ )TIJUVB@WX6 10Y %

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)$.=3p0g

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6./0 !"F*+ ! 1

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 #.:>?@A!_u_ t= KF#$ 1 KL'J

69s_ v¥¦§UVB@&"% mss a/WXy6'_¨; g 

/k'_ybr &h15G
6F#$T|#$/ LqtNWBC#S/DEqvF6r8% *G

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Hw IJKLr 6#$/

z; |$  /k&hJX15G

x=M

% 92-butanol  methionine \]^ (S)-(O)-#$/No A]^ (R)-(Q)-2-butanol #$`  methionine \5.4 ῍ῌῑΐ῎ῒ῏ῐῌ/NoUVB@WX

67  $J415KF

15 CID <\]^*n©ª^=«

% 4.2 {+P 4.3{ju/ Bowers < Jarrold . 8¬#$/ IMS/#$";_ OPQR6% J4HS

MS \]^{~­y®j|K®UV6:}

yoaS`% :z3

/51)53) Fig. 15(a) ~L¯~rL\]^{~­y®

  0JG 4.5 {T|#$ % G6UV<W} .bnr 
97)



 ~yDEq:>?@A!

+% cd*+($X[/Y 7

IMS/MS #$ῌ/ C60
A!=UVB@°>

B \% (b) ±L¯±rLj|K® IMS/MS #$ῌB²^UVB@°>B/ C60\_

Fig. 15(a), (b) #$³h$´$% He 500 Torr, 10

 r8% q6,a. 7 Zu

kV, 630 mm UVB@&% He 500 Torr, 10 kV, 630$w% g`3<j6r  /k

mm UVB@&r  µUVB@WX ` % [\B yF#$F¶·*

7 

]^g

98)



- F#$`'_`F[/No% $.
'~%-)oqa

r /k Fig 15(a), (b) g`7

 Fig. 15(a) _A!=% ¸^=@

UVB@WX6O 3B²^®¦¹%8

g34567~UVB@WX6< =>

r /k% '_cd`Fbr  

0V^A3q69s_ 6a-52), 53)



0KF#$+d ]^#$=3-6TºJ-.-!/:6[.$ 6% cde R  S $% :z»krgJf% hKFI3-% B²^36A!> 30 ¦y|$ <% OPQ"XRG$q$-.g

4.2 {ju/ 0% 34Z_  8% A!>r 

30 ¦V^A36B²^3,*Gh'(r7

6% Clemmer .

proline = ([Prox OnH]nῌ,x40100, n4, 5) % iju/ 06

 A!¼J>#,*#S

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0 IMS/MS [\3#$LT|bA!=3,*#$g  % B²^;½%*_ ῌ 68 ῌ

$t=>
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m

9:

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&:102)  Tp

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(uA C9ῌ

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103)

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w *E<,&x

 ]^3yz({&2|GH%}*H1aK~( |Ga%%P
PCDICJ%KaK (L)LM($t=>2PCD]^3%M,
%0K2[% ( 1N

D0 (OP,FAQ<R&>%/(K2&Y0 
5.5 ῍῎ῌ῏ῐS(T 100 4>"E


F#

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60  He 500 Torr, 10 kV &M   ' 630 mm  ! "#$&2 "]^3( ! "-.%
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Fig. 15.

6  9]CzICn2[104) 6

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g(T ',!Da LM(dhi%
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M [K  X3(Xli[mn([& W¢xo  Fig. 15(b) 
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

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104)

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Keywords: Ion mobility spectrometry, Nano-science, Collision dynamics, Molecular interaction, Bio-scienceῌ 73 ῌ