ËÄiAskjCÖó]ÌL³É©©íç¸·×nWj\\«mim»ógÖÄÌiÒÉÎµÄãÃÒªÖð­­©ßéiÌNáQÉÂ¢ÄÍ¶ÈwÈÌw±v

iAdvicejD³çÉCÖðó]·éiÒð¯èjÉàæèüêçêéÈÇC³ç[­ªÈ³êéµiAssessjCÖâÜÌûâ\[VTæ¤ÉÈÁ½Dµ©µÈªç«ÌiÌNe|[gÖÌo^ÈÇðÜß½xðñ·é¿ª«É\ªCtH[³êÄ¢éÆÍ¢¦iAssist, Arrangej±Æª§³êÄ¢éDKC¸CDwi³çÉá¢¢ãÌiÍÁµÄ¢hCÉDPÌÚð¢ÄÍ«·ÉÂ¢ÄÌéDDwiÍß10NÅ¨æ» 2 {ÉÁµC¾yÍÈ¢ªCÆëàâÐïIóµÉæé«ÁDwÌ10÷ªi·éÉ¢½ÁÄ¢éiú¶J­LÌXgXâ«zÌjR`Ë¶ÖÌ

È²¸jD³çÉDPÉiðâßÄ¢ÄàDÖ^ª¦´³êé±Æ©çC«iÒÌÖxPI¹ãÉiÉßé±ÆàL­ÝçêéDÉÍCÐïIãwI«·Éz¶µCtTCN«Íj«ÉäµÄÖKµ©çÌ£Eª¢ïÅé±ÆÍ³Ü´ÜÈ¤É¨¢ÄwE³êÄÉí¹½k§ÈxªKvÆl¦çêéÆ±ëÅéD«½1)D1997NÌ135¼Ì©ÍÖÒÌ 1 NÔÌÇÕ²¸ÅàC«Íj«æèàÖª¢ïÅèCÆ­ÉÄiª½¢±Æª¦´³ê½(}A)2)DÖó]jÖX«·±ÌwiÉÍÆëàâÐïIóµÉæé«Á·×ÄÌiÒÉÖð©ßé±ÆÍCiÒLÌXgXâ«zÌjR`Ë¶ÖÌÌÖXe[Wðã°é±ÆÉÂÈªèCLvÅÖ^ª¦´³êéDµ½ªÁÄ«iÒÌÖé3)DßÉsíê½Öðó]·é©Ç¤©

¡ÃÉÍCÐïIãwI«·Éz¶µCtTC

Ì²¸ÅÍC«ÊÉÖWÈ­C½­ÌiÒÍÖNÉí¹½k§ÈxªKvÆ¢¦éDð]ñÅ¢éÆ¢¤ÊÅ

Á½i\AjD

2000NÌ Surgeon General's report ÅÍÖÌ¡Ãèð 5A (Ask, Advice, Assess, Assist, Ar­rangejÆµCKChCÆµÄ¦µ½2) D±ÌKChCÅÍ·×ÄÌlÉiÌL³ðq
mKey words nCEDÇ¯½ïË¶jÖX«·iÍjR`ÉæéË¶ðx[XÉCÙ©ÌÖ#«#Ç¯½ïãÖÃ@#ÖÚå¹ï#¹ô³ßç±ÙôÄ
ú{zÂíwïêåãzÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENX}P ANÔmñÄiÒin 135)i¶£ 2 æèøpj³Ü´ÜÈvöªÁíÁ½ÊC­ÅÈKµÆÈ\Pè£Eª¢ïÆÈéD^oRÉÜÜêéjR`ÍCwCâRJCCAR[ÉCG·éú{jIPÖó]¦i÷)ÖV^Ci{¸V^CÖVJ^Ni iCC­ÍÈË¶¨¿ÆFßçêéÉ¢½ÁÄ¢éDj«24.8

38.3

26.8

10.1gDiagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Dis­

«34.9

34.7

17.5

12.9

ordersh(fourth edition) (DSM_IVjÅÍjR`(National survey on Smoking and Health, 1999æèøp)Ë¶ðò¨Ë¶Éæé¸_¾³ÆÊuÃ¯Ä¢é4)DßNjR`Ì]É¨¯é­«ÍªqxÅ±Æª¦´³ê½7,8) ªCßNC¶üúâ«zð¾³êÄ«½DjR`Í_onÉ¨¢Äª£EÇóÌ­³Ée¿µÄ¢éÂ\«ªÍ nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRsjð¦´³êÄ¢é9`12)DîµÄ]àñVnÉìp·é±ÆÅ­ÅÈjR`Ë¶ðÂ­è¾·]àñVnÌÅàÆ­Édopamine `BÉÎ·é nAChRs Ììpª°ÅéD»ÌÊCêèÊÌjR`ZxðÛÇ¯½ïãÖÃ@jR`ãÖÃ@ÜÉÍjR`»ÌàÌªÜÁÄ¢È¢ÆCsÀâ¢çÂ«C°CCs¸ÈÜêCòÜÌÚGÊ©çXÉÌàÉzû³êÄ

ÇC_o×EÔ`B¨¿ÌRÇóðæ·éæ¤jR`ØêÇóðy¸µÄÖJnð¯édÉÈéD±êªu¶¨wI½vÆµÄÌ^oRgÝÅË¶ðÂ­èo·D±Ì½`¬É¨¢ÄÍC¾

K1.63Cpb`1.75C@oXv[2.27CCç©È«·ÍFßçêÈ¢5,6)Dw[2.08Cãºù1.73Æñ³êéDÈ¨Cµ©µÈªçjR`Ë¶Ìöxâ£EÇóÉÖµÄÍC«ÌÙ¤ªj«æè­¢XüÉ
ú{zÂíwïêåãéDÜ^ÊÌÖÌIbYäÍCjR`éuvsIiSRjÍÖÌIbYäÍ2.73ÆLÓÉ¢±Æªñ³êCjR`ãÖÃ@ÆzÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENXCEEÀñÅÖ¡ÃÌæêIðòÆµÄÊuÃ¯çêJEZOÆÆàÉCÖµ½æy©çÌAÄ¢é13) Dú{É¨¢ÄjR`KÍ1996NhoCXEnæÐïâEê©çÌxÈÇC\[©çCjR`pb`Í1999N©çgpªFÂVT|[gÆÄÎêéL¢xªdvÆÈ³ê½D

éD\[VT|[gÉÍîIT|[gi´jR`pb`ÌìpÅé©ÔêÍC«îÚüðÜÞX®CãÜµC¯´ÈÇÌT|[gÉ½­Ýçê¡ÃfÌ´öÆÈèâ·¢D©ÔÉæÁÄÖÌÇÆ´ðaç°½èCÖwÍðêÉÎµÄÍêðÏ¦éC©äÝ~ßðhz·Fß_ßçêé±ÆÉæé«´jâC³Ü´ÜéÈÇÎÛÃ@ðs¤ªCgpp±ðfO¹ËÎ

ÈîññÅÌT|[gCs®ÌÎû@ÖÌTÈçÈ¢êà

|[gªÜÜêéDéD

SØ[Çâ][ÇÈÇjR`ÅXNªå«ÉÍ\[VT|[gªj«æèøÊI

·é¾³Éë³µ½¼ãÍgpÉÓªKvÅÅéªC«ÌÖÌêÉâèÉÈéÌªDPàpfCVXeÈÇÉæé´îðÚüµ½T|ÌgpªFßçêÄ¢È¢±ÆÅ[giX®CãÜµC¯´jâ§ÚÈlÔÖWÉë¤DjR`ãÖÃ@ðpµ½ÖoßÅÍCZèC©ÈÇð­²·é_IT|[gæèæéT|[gªøÊIÅé13`19) D±êÍu©

úÌÖ¬ÊÉ«·ðFßÈ¢Æ·éñª½­ççê´vÆ¢¢©¦é±ÆªÅ«éDÂÜèÝçêé13)êûC·úÌÖ¬ÊÉÖµÄÍ2004«ÉÍÖÌ¢ú©çClÔÖWÉîÕðu[14) ÅÍCj«É¨¢Ä«C´îðÚüµ½k§ÈT|[gðó¯Äu©

NÌ21Ì_¶Ìr

Í NRT gpQÌÙ¤ªvZ{gpQæè 3,ççê´vðßéxª]ÜêéD

6, 12ãÉ¨¢ÄÖ¦ª©Á½ªC«È¨\[VT|[gÌñ¹ÆµÄÍCÆÅÍ NRT QÌøÍÍÖã 3 Æ 6 ÅF°âåwðÜß½næEæâãÃ@ÖÌÙ©CßßçêéÉÆÇÜÁ½D±êÍCNRT gpÉNÅÍdbkâ[T|[gÈÇCuT«Íj«æèÄih~T|[gªKvÅ|[gªñ³êéæ¤ÉÈÁ½D

é±Æð¦´·éDMÒÌOÉ¨¢ÄÍCÖTC^[lbgðp¢½ÖvOÌÅ|[gÌJn©çÂ\ÈÀè24ÔÎÌCàuÖ}\vihttp://kinen­marathon.jpj

^[lbgvOÖÌo^ð©ßé±ÆÅÅÍCgÑ[âp\R[ÈÇ IT ðÎµÄ¢éD

pµ½­lO[vxVXeÈÇxÉé
æ³ê½q[}lbg[NÌ\zÉæèu©ççê´vðßCk§È·úxðñµÄ­h~±ÙôÄÄ¢é20`23)Du©ççê´vÍC¶gÌxÒ©

jR`ãÖÃ@ÍÖJnÉ£EÇóÌy

çÌA^CÅAhoCXªÍ­±ÆÉæÁ¸ðà½ç·ªCÖÌVN³âÖJn¼ãÌÄ¶ÜêéàÌÅÙ£´ªç®ÆÆàÉiÌÄ­ª¶¶éD±ðpµ½AhoCXMVXeÅÍúÒµêÍ·NÌs®ðÏ¦é±ÆÉæéÂ«Ï»Éjª½¢øÊÅèC©®ÈÇÌ@BIéDxÉ½éÖ}\oR`Ë¶ÌÕÄ­«âiªeÕÈÐïóµª±ÒÉÎµÄxÒ³çªp±IÉñ³êC¿ÁíÁÄN±éàÌÅCÄ­ÍÖJnã©çÍÌ¢T|[gÌp±IÈðÂ\Æµ½D¶Üé±Æ©çCÄ­h~T|[gÌ§ÍÖxÌ¢iKÅ\z³êé×«àÌÅéD±¤µ½ôû³ê½xVXeÌ\zÉæÁÄo±Ò©çÌ´îÚüðÜÞX®CãÜµC¯Ä­ðh~µCÖs®Ìp±ÉKvÈ self­´ÈÇÌT|[gªKØÉñ³êévOecacy Ìø¬ÍüÍ©çÌJEZOÉæÆÈÁÄ¢é_C«ÖÌÖT|[gÉK·ÁÄø¬³êéªªå«­CãÃ@ÖÉ¨¯ééD¯Æ°ÌÖÖÌñ¦ÍÈÇC¢ïð«½CEF

ú{zÂíwïêåãzÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENXµâ·¢óµºÉ¨¢Äà¯lÌÂ«ºÅÖÉ|[gÉ½µâ·¢±Æªñ³êÄ¢éD¬÷µ½¼Ì«©çÌKØÈAhoCXª¾â

2003N©çÍÖ}\©çgÑ[ð·¢Dpµ½ÖT|[gvOk¬w¶pFÖÖ}\Íp\RÌÙ©CgÑ[ÉWjA}\ihttp://kinen­marathon.jp/éD¢¬Nâåw¶EEæücourse/junior/jCåw¶êpFÖJbW}

¯Ì³¿R[XÉÁ¦C2005N 9 ©çÍÅì\ (http://kinen­marathon.jp/course/college/jlEÆÅìw¶êpÌgÑ[ÅÌ³¿R[XªCvtúêpvOÆµÄ³Åñ³êÄàQÁªÂ\Åki[XÖ}\ihttp://kinen­marathon.jpÄ¢éD±¤µ½vOÌ]¿ÍÜ¾À{³/ns/jlÌñªX^[gµ½DêÄ¢È¢ªC­È¢vtúü¯ÖT|[gAHRQ2000NÌKChCÉ¨¢Ä¦³êÆµÄÚ³êéDÈ¨íKiÌå½Ívtéæ¤ÉÖxÉ¨¯éãÃÒÌðÉÍKØúÉÍ¶Üé±Æ©çCih~³çÈÇCvtÈOÌT|[gðó¯éæ¤Éx·é±ÆªúÅiµÈ¢æ¤É·éwÍªdvÈ±ÆÍ¢ÜÜêé13) DãÃÒÍ«ÖÌÖT|[gÌ¤ÜÅàÈ¢DñÉÛµCãÃ@ÖàÅñ·éjR`ãÖ
Ã@âJEZOÆÆàÉ±¤µ½ù¶ ITvOÌ¹pð¯é±ÆàÏÉIÉs¤×«Å

DPoYgqçemiDPoYÍ«ÉÆÁÄå«ÈÖÌ«Á©¯éDÆÈéD¨¨Ü©Èf[^ÅÍCi«ÍÅÌdÁwmÎjIP«·wmz¶
ÖãÌÌdÁÍµÎµÎÄiÌiÖffjRÆµÄ°çêÄ«½24,25)DÈ¨ÌdÌf@ðó¯É¢­ÜÅÉ 4 lÉ 1 lÍ©­IÉÖ·éD»Ìãà©­IÖÍÁµCDPðÊ¶ÄiðÊ·ÌÍ 3 lÉ 1 löxÅéDµ©µÈªçoYãÍ}ÉiðÄJ·éèCoYã 6 TÔÚÁh~ôÆµÄÍ^®ðÁ¦é±ÆªÌdÁh±ÆÍJ¶·×«±ÆÅ~ÌÝÈç¸Öp±Éð§ÂÆÌ²¸ªoÄ¢ÉÍ¼ªÄ­µC1 NãÉÍ67÷ªÄ­·éÈéDÄÅÌ12lÌ«ÌRz[g¤ÅÍCÇªf[^©ç¦³êÄ¢é29) DoYãÌÄiÖµ½1,474lÌÌdÁÍ 2 NÅ½Ï 3 LÍCÙÕðîµÄÌêÆqÌJâêûðîµÄÅèC¯úÉ¯öxÌið±¯Ä¢½«ÌÌdÁÍ½Ï0.6LÅÁ½D±ÌÌdÁÍyxÌ^®ðÁ¦½O[vÅÍ2.3LÉC

ÌJª¸íêé±ÆàêöÆl¦çêCêûçxàÖðYãÉp±·éxÆµÄdvÅé30) D³çÉoYãÌiÌLQ«ÉÂ¢ÄÌ­¢^®ð±¯½O[vÅÍ1.8LÉÆÇÜm¯ªDPÌiÌLQ«ÙÇümµÄ¢È¢Á½26,27)D±¤µ½±Æ©çCÖvOÉ±ÆÍoYãÌÄ­Ìå«È´öÆl¦çêé±^®ðÁ¦é±ÆÍÌdRg[ÆÖÌoÆ©çCoYãÌiÌXNÉÂ¢ÄÌ[­âûÉæ¢ÊªúÒ³êéDqÇàÉÎ·éó®iÌe¿ÉÂ¢ÄDPO©
çÌm¯ñªKvÅéDDwÖÆoYãÌÖp±Ì½ßÉ³Ü´Üvtúm«mÖÈvOªì¬³ê½ªCcOÈ±ÆÉ·úvtúÅÖvOÉQÁ·éiÒÍÌLø«ªFßçêévOÍÜ¾È¢31)D­È­CEª½­CÖÉ¬÷·éàÌÍ­ÈjR`ãÖÃ@Íú{àÅÍDwâöûúÌé28) Dµ©µÈªçvtúÌ­ÍC«ÉÍgpÖõÆ³êÄ¢éªCCOÅÍLø

­NæèÆ°âsAT|[gÈÇ\[VT«ªiÌXNðãñéêÖÌjR`ãÖ¢XüÉ

ú{zÂíwïêåãzÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENX

CEGÃ@gpÌñàÝçêé32,33)DàDPâoYãÍç»Ì¼ÅOoª§À³
êé±Æª½¢úÅèCÖxÌ`ÔÆµÄÍDw³ºÌ³º`®ÉÁ¦DYwÌ¶·éDiªoÉyÚ·e¿ÉÂ¢ÄÍmèIÈ¦´ÍÈ³êÄ¢È¢ªC«zãÓÖÌe¿ð¦´·éàÌàéDéêÉAhoCXªÍ­`Ìxª]Üµ­CÝiÆoûðDòÌ¹pªSØ[ÇÌXNðîÅó¯¤é IT xvOª§³êéßé±ÆÍ]©çwE³êÄ«½DiÒÅúÅÍoûðDòðpµÄÌ]ÜÊDP¦ª 2 {éD³çÉC±ÌúÌDYwÆÚGðà
é±ÆªÉÈéÆÌñàÝçê½D±Ì´öÉÂ¢ÄÍwE³êÄ¢é34) Dú{Åà¬ÈãÉæéÖÂãÃÒÆµÄ¬ÈÌðàdvÅi«ÅÌ oestrogen ãÓÙíª¦´³êÄ¢xði·é½ßÉú{O¬ÈwïÌéDu^oRâè¢ïvª­É®µÄ¢é±Æ
ÍÜ ± ÆÉ ] Üµ ¢ ihttp://homepage1.nifty.

B.

com/tobikko/tobacco­free.index.htmjD

2002NÌ WHO Éæérq{òà[ÅÍCiÍq{òàÌ´öÆ_³ê½11) DiÉæèq{òàÌXNÍ 2`3 {ÉÁ·éDiÒÌq«mimNwme¿{òSt©çjR`â^oRRÌ­à¨¿ÅãÉCiÌ«ÖÌNe¿ÉÂ¢Äq×éDªÜÜêé±Æâq{òÌÆu½ÌáºÈÇàñ³êÄ¢éDiÍ«zðîµÄ«Ì¶â¶BÉdåÈe¿ðyÚ·ÊCsDCosCDC.

P¹ÇiYâYC¬YÌÁCÙÕÊuÙi«ÅÍÂoÌú­ðÝâ·¢D40íjCúÂoÈÇÌXNªÁ·éDiÍ

`44ÎÌ«É¨¯é¤ÅÍiÒÅÍÂo

Âo½ oestrogenic ÈøÊðL·é±Æª¦´³êC

Òª 2 {ÈãÆÈèCÂoÍñiÒÉä×½»ÌÊiÍ oestrogen Rð­µÄÂoðÏ 2 NöxÜéD³çÉiÊªÁ·éÉßéDÜ½i«ÅÍ androgenij«z]¢ÂoÌú­ªÁ·éDÖµ½«ÅÌêíjÌ¶YªÁµÄ¢éÆÌñàÌÂoÌ­Íñi«Æi«ÌÔÆÈ

éD³çÉ^oRÌÌjR`ÍCgonado­

é±Æàñ³êÄ¢éDÜ½i«ÅÍçÊ

tropin ÌúoÉe¿µC^oR¬ªÍÉLQgªÈÇCXNúáQÌpxªÜéÆÌñàÉ­­ÌÝÈç¸©Ìi¨æÑ progesterone ¶éD

YjÉàLQÉ­­DÈºÉCiÌyÚ·«ÁLÌNe¿ðñL·éDD.

sDiÍ«ÌsDÌXNð 2 {É·éD«zA.

 o ÉÌe¿ÌÙ©C^oR¬ª»ÌàÌªÎÛoÉÉÖµÄÍñiÒÉäµÄiÒÅÍâÖÌLÅ«ðL·éÆÌñâCÇsD

50÷ÈãàoÉði¦C10{ÈãÌ 1 úiÌXNð2.7{Æ·éÆÌñCoestrogen Ì¸é¢Í 9 NÈã­â¬Ìe¿Éæé¬nqÌ¸­ªñÌiNðL·é«ÅÍ3.4{ÉãéÈÇÌ

³êÄ¢éD³çÉiÒÅÍsD¡ÃÌøÊñªÝçê½D³çÉÖãÉÍoÉª¸¶àáº·éD{ðL·é«ÅÍ1.9{Cé±Æàñ³êÄ¢éDÜ½iÒÅÍoüúsª½­CÖãÉÍ³íÉ·éÆ·éñCEHú{zÂíwïêåãzÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENX

E.

DPoYÙí\[VT|[gÌ[ÀÉ]¢C«ÌÖàiÉÖAµ½DPoYÌÙíÆµÄÍq{O¬Êðã°é±ÆªúÒ³êéD«·ÉKØÉzDPC¬YâYCÙ­çsÇCYCÙÕÙ

¶µ½ÖxÌñÆCih~³çÌOêªíiS¡ÙÕâÙÕú£jCDPÅÇCÙ¡ã³çÉdvÆÈéDÈ¨ÖxÉÂ¢ÄÅï`ÈÇªñ³êÄ¢éDVÌîñÌüèâ^â_ÌkæÆµÄ kkiÖ

q{ODPÉÖµÄÍêÊIÉÍ1.5`2.5{ÌNlbg[Njª³¿Åñ³êÄ¢éD

XNªñ³êÄ¢éªCeÊäáÅÍÈ­ 1

2005N 1 _Å¨æ»2,000lÌãÃÒªo{Åài·é«Åq{ODPÌXNªå^µÄÖxÉKvÈîñðó¯æÁÄ¢éD·é±Æªñ³êÄ¢éD±¤µ½àÌàÏÉIÉp³ê½¢D¬YâYÉÖµÄÍCi{ªÁ·éÙÖ}\z[y[W©ç\ÝÍCÇXNªÜé±Æªñ³êÄ¢éªC¯qhttp://kinen­marathon.jp/charge/net/rÅó¯É{Ì­È¢êÉàXNÍÁ·éDt¯Ä¢éD«ÌiÍiÒ©gÖÌNíQÌÙ©Csecond hand smoke Æµ Ä¢ ãÉ Ne¿ ðqyÚ·D1) U. S. Department of Health and Human ServicesDPÌ{lâüÍÌiÉæÁÄûcËR
iSIDSjªÁ·éD^oRÌÉÜÜêé
½­ÌLQ¨¿ÍCÙÕðÊßµÄÙÉÚsµ¶£q[USDHHS], 1980, p 3072) Ward KD, Klesges RC, Susan M et al: Gender dier­
ences in the outcome of an unaided smoking cassation
attempt. Addictive Behaviors 1997; 22: 521_533

Ä³Ü´ÜÈe¿ðø«N±·Ù©CêÌÌ_f3) Fiore MC, Bailey WC, Cohen SJ et al: Treating

RªÙÌá_fÇðø«N±µCÄz²ß

Tobacco Use and Dependence. Clinical Practice Guide­@\âS@\Ì\ªÈ­çðj~µÄ¶ãÌËRline. Rockville (MD), U. S. Department of Health andHuman Services, Public Health Service, 2000ÉÂÈªéDÜ½DPÍÖµÄ¢ÄàCo4) American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic andYãÉiµÄ¢éêÉàûcÌËRÍñ

Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM_IV. 4th2 {ÉÁ·éDDPCDPãðâí¸C«Ed, American Psychiatric Association, Washington,ÌiÉæÁÄqÇàÌx@\Ì­BªxêéDb§lCÇxâ¨àêeÌiÉæÁÄÁ·é¾³ÅéD³çÉÆ°àÌó®iÉæÁÄqÇàª«iÒÉÈèâ·­ÈéCADHDCs×áQÈÇð¶¶â·­ÈéÈÇC¸_Êâs®ÊÅÌe¿àwE³êÄ¢éD19945) Unwin N: Structure and action of the nicotinic acetyl­choline receptor explored by electron microscopy.
FEBS Lett 2003; 555: 91_956) Salminen O, Murphy KL, Mclnosh JM et al: Subunit
composition and pharmacology of two classes ofstriatal presynaptic nicotinic acetylcholine receptors
mediating dopamine release in mice. Mol Pharmacol
2004; 65: 1526_1535
7) Royce JM, Corbett K, Sorensen G et al: Gender, socialIjpressure, and smoking cessations: the Community«ÌÖÍj«Éä×¢ïÆÌwEª]©

Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT)at baseline. Soc Sci Med 1997; 44 (3): 359_370

çÈ³êÄ«½DjR`ãÖÃ@ªL­À{³8) Kandel DB, Chen K: Extent of smoking and nicotineêéæ¤ÉÈÁ½ªjR`ãÖÃ@ÜgpÉ

dependence in the United States: 1991_1993. Nicotine¨¢Äà«ÉÍÄiÈÇÖÉÛµÄÌ¢ïª½­C«Ì·úÖÉÍj«æèàèú¢T|[gªKvÅé±Æª¦³êÄ¢éDµ©µÈªçC^[lbgðpµ½ÖxÈÇC
ú{zÂíwïêåãTob Res 2000; 2 (3): 263_2749) Pomerleau CS, Pomerleau OF: Gender dierences inprospectively versus retrospectively assessed smokingwithdrawal symptoms. J Subst Abuse 1994; 6 (4):433_440

zÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENXCEI10) Allen SS, Hatsukami D, Christianson D et al:¢C^[lbgÖ}\£ ÌÄiÒÖÌtH

Withdrawal and pre­menstrual symptomatology during59
[AbvÌæègÝDãÃÆÐï 2000; 20: 39_

the menstrual cycle in short­term smoking abstinence:22) ´TqFC^[lbgðpµ½NxF»Ìeects of menstrual cycle on smoking abstinence. Nico­tine Tob Res 1999; 1 (2): 129_142

Â\«Æâè_DÕh{ 2002; 107: 22_27
23) ´TqCR¾qFC^[lbgðgÁ½Öx11) Perkins KA, Levine M, Marcus M et al: Tobacco
withdrawal in women and menstrual cycle phase. JConsult Clin Psychol 2000; 68 (1): 176_180

DSÃàÈ 2001; 5: 328_335
24) Klesges RC, Klesges LM: Cigarette smoking as a diet­ing strategy in a university population. Int J Eat Disord12) Baron JA, La Vecchia C, Levi F: The antiestrogeniceect of cigarette smoking in women. Am J ObstetGynecol 1990; 162 (2): 502_514

1988; 7 (3): 413_419
25) Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Newman B: Weight change
among participants in a large sample minimal contact13) Fiore MC, Bailey WC, Cohen SJ et al: TreatingTobacco Use and Dependence. Clinical Practice Guide­line, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,
Public Health Service, 2000

smoking relapse prevention trial. Addictive Behaviors
1990; 15 (4): 323_33226) Kawachi I, Troisi RJ, Rotnitzky AG et al: Can physicalactivity minimize weight gain in women after smoking14) Cepeda­Benito A, Reynoso JT: Meta­analysis of thecessation? Am J Public Health 1996; 86 (7): 999_1004ecacy of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking27) Marcus BH, Albrecht AE, King TK et al: The ecacycessation: dierences between men and women. Con­of exercise as an aid for smoking cessation in women: asult Clin Psychol 2004; 72 (4): 712_722

randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 1999;

15) Whitlock EP, Vogt TM, Hollis JF et al: Does genderaect response to a brief clinic­based smoking inter­

159 (11): 1229_123428) Moolchan ET, Ernst M, Henningeld JE: A review ofvention? Am J Prev Med 1997; 13 (3): 159_166

tobacco smoking in adolescents: treatment implica­16) DiLorenzo TM, Powers RW, Cormier JF et al: The roletions. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000; 39of social support and competence skills in smoking ces­sation among women. Paper presented at the 1990
World Conference on Lung Health, Boston, 1990

fore, during, and after pregnancy. Am J Public Health17) Fiore MC, Novotny TE, Pierce JP et al: Methods used
to quit smoking in the United States: Do cessation pro­grams help? JAMA 1990; 263 (20): 2760_2765
and without assistance: a population­based analysis.
Am J Prev Med 2000; 18 (4): 305_311(1):31) McBride CM, Pirie PL, Curry SJ: Postpartum relapse
to smoking: a prospective study. Health Educ Res19) Cormier J, Herbig LJ, DiLorenzo TM et al: Eects ofsocial support, perceived competence, and partner
smoking status in successful smoking quit attempts.
Paper presented at the Association for Advancement ofBehavior Therapy, San Francisco, 1990

1992; 7 (3): 381_390
32) Benowitz NL: Nicotine replacement therapy during
pregnancy. JAMA 1991; 266 (22): 3174_3177
33) Oncken CA, Hatsukami DK, Lupo VR: Eects of short­term use of nicotine gum in pregnant smokers. Clin20) ´{hqFC^[lbgðpµ½Öxv
ODúÛãÃs®ïñ 2001; 16: 68CF@1990; 80 (5): 541_54430) ë{GüCËJ½VFöûwÌNÆH¶ÉÖ·é²¸¤D§NEh{¤¤ñ 1997; 4618) Zhu S­H, Melcer T, Sun J et al: Smoking cessation with21) ´{h¢qCR¾qC´TqF¢dqR~693(6): 682_29) Fingerhut LA, Kleinman JC, Kendrick JS: Smoking be­

Pharmacol Ther 1996; 59 (6): 654_66134) Wall MA, Severson HH, Andrews JA et al: Pediatricjeoce­based smoking intervention: impact on maternal

Bðpµ½Öw±vOÌLø«Ì¢£F

smoking and relapse. Pediatrics 1995; 96 (4): 622_628

ú{zÂíwïêåãzÂíêåãæACªæQ B@@ENX