オリンピック・パラリンピック暑熱対策のための可搬式緑化技術の普及実装に関する研究
群馬大学大学院理工学府・知能機械創製部門 天谷賢児
東京都農林水産振興財団農林総合研究センター
群馬県森林組合連合会、群馬県造園緑化協会

研究・活動の背景と目的

実施体制

【背景】
●オリンピック・パラリンピック期間の熱中症対策●屋外低温空間（クールスポット）の形成●郊外の森林資源の都市部への活用と経済循環●造園業等の伝統産業の活性化【目的】○可搬式樹木緑化ベンチによる低温空間の形成の効果を検証⇒温熱環境測定、温熱感評価○社会へ普及させるためのニーズ調査○普及のためのコストの見積もりや仕組みづくり○車椅子用ベンチの評価

使いやすいユニバーサルベンチの評価（車いす等の利用者）
協力

専門家の助言実験サイト（東京ビッグサイト）
連絡調整

群馬大学
天谷（申請者）岩崎（協力研究員）院生1名、学部学生2名
研究内容全般に関する企画，実施に参画，各参加者との連携調整

東京都農林水産振興財団
佐藤、長嶋
実験スペースの確保、樹木選定、生育状況の評価、長期設置時の樹木評価、設置費用等の評価

資源循環・経済循環モ
デルの検証
４者で連携して試験を実施

群馬県森林組合連合会
鈴木ほか
ベンチの改良、使いやすさ評
価、使用木材のコストの調査

群馬県造園緑化協・公共建設部会
深澤他、部会員
最適な樹形を持つ樹木の生産、維持管理等に係るコストの調査

内容と成果
温熱感・快適性評価（アンケート調査）

温熱環境測定結果
実施期間： 2016 / 6 / 30 ～2016 / 9 / 23
実施場所： 東京国際展示場東展示場駐車場「緑化＋噴霧」「緑化のみ」「噴霧のみ」「緑化・噴霧なし」の４区域で、気温・湿度・日照量・黒球温度（≒体感温度）・WBGT（熱中症指数）を測定

日時：2016年9月9日 11：30～12：30
場所：東京国際展示場東棟駐車場
平均気温＝32℃、平均湿度＝52％
平均風速＝2.7m/s、アンケート協力者18名
木陰もミストも無い区域

50

噴霧区

64%

38%

緑化区 7%

8%

53%

9%

69%

緑化噴霧 7%区

51%

24%

42.0

45

平均黒球温度 ℃

28%

非緑化

40

41.2

37.9
34.9

35

■厳重警戒

25100%■警戒

涼しい0%

どちらかと言えば涼
しい
0%
暑い
100%

木陰のみ

42%
50%

■危険どちら
でもない
0%

30

200%

どちらかと言えば暑い
0%

緑化噴霧区 緑化区 噴霧区 非緑化区

■注意

緑化と噴霧を行った区域が最も黒球温度を下げられ、熱中症危険リスク低減可

車椅子利用者へのヒアリングと設計へのフィードバック
車椅子利用者に実際にベンチ内に入ってもらい動きやすさや、会話のしやすさをヒアリング、改良点の抽出○ 概ね現在のデザインでも問題なし○ 車椅子の回転スペースは十分○ 車椅子利用者と健常者ともに話やすい○ 改善したほうが良い点①車椅子回転時にベンチの脚につま先が当たりそう②車椅子２台で使用する場合ベンチ間隔が広い方が良い⇒ 改良版製作時に反映
つま先とベンチ脚の距離

涼しいどちら 11%
かと言えば涼しい
11%
どちら
でもない
28%

木陰+ミスト
暑い
22%

暑い6%

涼しい
33%

どちらかと言えば暑い28%

どちらかと言えば涼しい33%

どちらかと言えば暑い6%
どちら
でもない
22%

木陰＋ミスト（緑陰噴霧区）が最も涼しいと感じている。

造園業者へのヒアリング
庭造り用の樹木が減少し公共事業用の樹木が増加【調査結果】緑化ベンチに適した樹木は圃場の10～15％、緑化ベンチに適した樹木はほとんど市場に出荷されない、３ケ月程度の植付には十分耐えられる、販売価格は5万円程度が必要、設置費用運送費を考えると１時間圏内、・・・

枝張りが小さく、樹高が高いものが主に流通適した樹木の例

ま と め
本技術を社会へ普及させるためのニーズ調査、コストの見積もり、さらには、普及のための仕組みづくりを行うための基礎資料
を、森林組合、造園業者、利用者など様々な視点から調査することができた。特に、車椅子メーカーや車椅子利用者の協力を得て、ユニバーサルベンチの評価も行い、本技術の有効性を確認することができた。

Research into Implementing and Spreading Portable Greening Technology asMeasures against the Fierce Heat during the Olympic and Paralympic Games
Kenji Amagai, Division of Mechanical Science and Technology, Fuculty of Science and Technology, Gunma
University / Tokyo Metropolitan Agriculture and Forestry Research Center, Tokyo Development Foundation forAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries / Gunma Shinrin Kumiai Rengoukai / Gunma Zouen Ryokuka Kyokai
Background and Objectives of
Research/Activities

Research/Activity Implementation System
Evaluation of universalbenches(e.g. wheelchair users)[Background]●Measures against fierce heat during the Olympic and Paralympic Games●Establishment of greenery technology for outdoor cool spots●Making use of suburban forest resources in urban areas, and economiccirculation●Revitalization of traditional industries such as gardening companies

Experiment site(Tokyo Big Sight)
Expert advice

Communication andadjustment

Cooperation
Gunma University
Amagai (applicant)Iwasaki (cooperating researcher)
Postgraduate student: 1
Undergraduate students: 2
Participation in planning andimplementing all aspects of the research,and coordinating and negotiating withall participants[Objectives]○Investigation of the effectiveness of portable tree greenery technology forestablishment of cool spots  Measurement of thermal environment dataand evaluation of the thermal sensation and comfortability by human○Survey of requirements to spread the technology in real society○Evaluation of costs, and establishment of popularizing system○Development universal benches for wheelchairs users

Examination of
resource and economic
cyclic models

Cooperation among
the four parties torun experiments

Gunma Shinrin Kumiai Rengokai
Suzuki and others
Making improvements to the benches,evaluating their ease of use, andevaluating the cost of wood used

Tokyo Development Foundation for
Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
Sato, Nagashima
Securing of experiment site, selection oftrees, evaluation of growth status,
evaluation of trees after long term
deployment, evaluation of, e.g.,
deployment cost
Public Construction Subcommittee,
Gunma Zouen Ryokuka Kyokai
Fukazawa and others, Subcommittee
members
Cultivation of trees with ideal shapes,
examining of costs related to, e.g.,maintenance and management

Details and Outcomes

Evaluation of Effective Temperature and Comfort(Questionnaire Survey)

Results of Thermal Environment Measurements
Deployment duration: June 30 – September 30, 2016
Location: East Halls Parking Area, Tokyo Big Sight
The temperature, humidity, amount of sunshine, black globe temperature （≒effectivetemperature), and WBGT (Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature) will be measured in the fourzones of “greenery + water spraying,” “greenery only,” “water spraying only,” and “nogreenery or water spraying.”

Time and date: 11:30 A.M. – 12:30 P.M. September 9, 2016
Place: East Parking Area, Tokyo Big Sight
Average temperature = 32.2℃, Average humidity = 52%
Average wind speed = 2.7 m/s, Questionnaire respondents: 18
Zone with no shade or mistSomewhat
Neither hot
Coolcoolnor cool0%0%Somewha 0%t hot…
Hot
100%

28%

No

38%

Watersprayin
gGreenery64%

7%

Greenery + 7%
waterspraying

8%

53%
69%

24%

51%

0%

9%

42%
50%

■Dangerous100%■Extreme caution

Average black globe temperatureduring deployment [℃]5042.0

4540

41.2

37.9
34.9

3530
Cool
11%

20

Greenery + water spraying Greenery Water spraying

No greeneryThe black globe temperature in “greenery and water spraying zone” was lowest. And therisk of heatstroke became low.

Interview with wheelchair users and feedback into the design

Somewhatcool
11%Neither hot
nor cool28%

Hot22%

Some
what
hot
28%

Hot
6%
Cool
33%
Some
what
cool
33%

what
hot
6%
Neitherhot norcool…

It was confirmed that “shade + mist zone” (greenery + water sprayingzone) was the coolest zone.

Interview with wheelchair users by having them move into
the bench area and review the ease of movement and easeof conversation, and identification of the positive points.

Interview with landscape contractors
Decrease in the number of trees forbuilding gardens; increase in thenumber of trees for public projects○ Generally, there are no problems with the current design.
○ There is adequate rotation space for the wheelchair.
○ t is easy to converse for both wheelchair users and regularusers.
○ Points to be improved on:(1) When turning the wheelchair, the users’ toes feel as if
they may hit the legs of the bench.
(2) It is better to widen the space between the benches when
it is used by two wheelchairs.
⇒ Reflect into design when producing the improvedversion

Shade + mist Some

Shade only

25

Distance between toes andbench legs

【Results of study】 Trees that are suitablefor greening benches make up 10 - 15% of
the cultivated land. Most trees suitable forgreening benches are not shipped out to themarket, and there is a need for trees thatcan withstand planting for about threemonths with a retail price of about 50,000
yen; within a range of one hour when
taking into consideration set-up andtransportation costs...

Circulation of mainly tall trees
with small branches

Examples of suitable trees

Future Plans
The needs survey for popularizing this technology in society, cost estimates, as well as basic materials needed for establishing a framework for
popularizing the technology were successfully studied from the various perspectives of forestry associations, landscape contractors, and users.
In particular, a universal bench assessment was also conducted with cooperation from wheelchair manufacturers and wheelchair users, enabling
the verification of the validity of this technology.