試験開始の指示があるまで，この問題冊子の中を見てはいけません。

（ ）

外 国
注

Ⅰ
1

意

事

語 〔英 語（筆記［リーディング］）〕

100 点 80 分項

解答用紙に，正しく記入・マークされていない場合は，採点できないことがあります。

2

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3

10

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問いに対して 3 と解答する場合は，次の（例 1 ）のように解答番号 10 の解答欄の3 にマークしなさい。
（例 1 ）

解答番号
1 0

解
1

2

答
3

4

5

欄
6

7

8

9

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（例 2 ）

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6

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5

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解答上の注意各大問の英文や図表を読み，

1～

も適当な選択肢を選びなさい。波線付きの（場合は，選択肢から一つ選ぶこととする。
143にあてはまるものとして最）によって特別な指示がない

2

3

英

語（筆記［リーディング］）（解答番号

第 1 問 （配点
Ａ

1

〜

43

）

10）

You are a member of the English club. You are going to have a farewellparty for one of the members, Yasmin from Malaysia. You have received anote from Amelia, an Assistant Language Teacher（ALT）and the club advisor.

4

問 1

1

The teacher wants you to ask Yasmin1what she would like to eat at the party

2

when she can attend the party

3

where she would like to have the party

4

who she would like to invite to the party

問 2

The teacher would also like to invite

2

.

.

1

a few students who don’t belong to the English club2

all the members of the English club and the tennis team3

some of Yasmin’s other English teachers

4

students who want to study abroad in Malaysia

5

Ｂ

You visited your town’s English website and found an interesting notice.

Call for Participants: Sister-City Youth Meeting“Learning to Live Together”
Our town’s three sister cities in Germany, Senegal, and Mexico will each
send ten young people between the ages of 15 and 18 to our town next March.
There will be an eight-day youth meeting called “Learning to Live Together.”It will be our guests’ first visit to Japan.
We are looking for people to participate: we need a host team of 30
students from our town’s high schools, 30 home-stay families for the visiting
young people, and 20 staff members to manage the event.
Program Schedule
March 20

Orientation, Welcome party

March 21

Sightseeing in small four-country mixed groups

March 22

Two presentations on traditional dance:⑴ Senegalese students, ⑵ Japanese students

March 23

Two presentations on traditional food:⑴ Mexican students, ⑵ Japanese students

March 24

Two presentations on traditional clothing:⑴ German students, ⑵ Japanese students

March 25

Sightseeing in small four-country mixed groups

March 26

Free time with host families

March 27

Farewell party⃝Parties and presentations will be held at the Community Center.
⃝The meeting language will be English. Our visitors are non-native
speakers of English, but they have basic English-language skills.
To register, click here before 5 p.m. December 20.
▶▶International Affairs Division of the Town Hall

6

問 1

The purpose of this notice is to find people from the host town to1

decide the schedule of activities

2

take part in the event

3

visit all of the sister cities4

write a report about the meeting

問 2

During the meeting the students are going to1

have discussions about global issues

2

make presentations on their own cultures3

spend most of their time sightseeing

4

visit local high schools to teach languages

問 3

4

3

.

.

The meeting will be a good communication opportunity because all of thestudents will

5

.

1

be divided into different age groups2

have Japanese and English lessons

3

speak with one another in English

4

stay with families from the three sister cities7

第 2 問 （配点20）Ａ

You are a member of the cooking club at school, and you want to makesomething different. On a website, you found a recipe for a dish that looks
good.

EASY OVEN RECIPES

Here is one of the top 10 oven-baked dishes as rated on our website.
healthy and satisfying.

You will find this dishMeat and Potato Pie

Ingredients（serves about 4 ）ABC

1 onion2 carrots

500g minced beef

× 2 flour× 1 tomato paste

× 1 vegetable oil× 2 soup stock

3 boiled potatoes
sliced cheese

× 1 Worcestershire sauce
salt & pepper

40g butter

Instructions
Step 1: Make A
1. Cut the vegetables into small pieces, heat the oil, and cook for 5 minutes.
2. Add the meat and cook until it changes color.
3. Add the flour and stir for 2 minutes.
4. Add the soup stock, Worcestershire sauce, and tomato paste. Cook for about 30 minutes.
5. Season with salt and pepper.
Step 2: Make B
1. Meanwhile, cut the potatoes into thin slices.
2. Heat the pan and melt the butter. Add the potatoes and cook for 3 minutes.
Step 3: Put A, B, and C together, and bake
1. Heat the oven to 200℃.
2. Put A into a baking dish, cover it with B, and top with C.
3. Bake for 10 minutes. Serve hot.

y!

jo
En

REVIEW & COMMENTS
cooking@master January 15, 2018 at 15:14
This is really delicious! Perfect on a snowy day.
Seaside Kitchen February 3, 2018 at 10:03
My children love this dish. It’s not at all difficult to make, and I have made itso many times for my kids.

8

問 1

This recipe would be good if you want to1cook chicken for lunch2

eat something sweet3

enjoy a hot dish on a cold day

4

prepare a quick meal without using heat

問 2

6

.

If you follow the instructions, the dish should be ready to eat in about
7.

1

half an hour2

one hour3

twenty minutes

4

two to three hours

問 3

Someone who does not like raw carrots may eat this dish because
8.

1carrots are not used2

many kinds of spices are used3

the carrots are cooked4

the carrots are very fresh

9

問 4

According to the website, one fact（not an opinion）about this recipe is
9that it is.

1highly ranked on the website

2

made for vegetarians

3

perfect for taking to parties

4

very delicious

問 5 According to the website, one opinion（not a fact）about this recipe is that
10

.

1

a parent made this dish many times2

it is easy to cook3

it is fun to cook with friends

4

the recipe was created by a famous cook10

（下 書 き 用 紙）
英語（筆記［リーディング］）の試験問題は次に続く。

11

Ｂ

Your English teacher gave you an article to help you prepare for the debate
in the next class. A part of this article with one of the comments is shown
below.

No Mobile Phones in French Schools

By Tracey Wolfe, Paris
11 DECEMBER 2017•4:07PM

The French government will prohibit students from using mobile phones inschools from September, 2018. Students will be allowed to bring their phones
to school, but not allowed to use them at any time in school without special
permission. This rule will apply to all students in the country’s primary andmiddle schools.
Jean-Michel Blanquer, the French education minister, stated, “These days thestudents don’t play at break time anymore. They are just all in front of theirsmartphones and from an educational point of view, that’s a problem.” He alsosaid, “Phones may be needed in cases of emergency, but their use has to besomehow controlled.”
However, not all parents are happy with this rule. Several parents said, “Onemust live with the times. It doesn’t make sense to force children to have thesame childhood that we had.”Moreover, other parents added, “Who willcollect the phones, and where will they be stored? How will they be returnedto the owners? If all schools had to provide lockers for children to store theirphones, a huge amount of money and space would be needed.”

21 Comments
NewestDaniel McCarthy 19 December 2017•6:11PM
Well done, France! School isn’t just trying to get students to learn how to calculate
things. There are a lot of other things they should learn in school. Young people
need to develop social skills such as how to get along with other people.

12

問 1

According to the rule explained in the article, students in primary andmiddle schools in France won’t be allowed to

11

.

1

ask their parents to pay for their mobile phones

2

bring their mobile phones to school3

have their own mobile phones until after graduation

4

use their mobile phones at school except for special cases

問 2Your team will support the debate topic, “Mobile phone use in school
should be limited.” In the article, one opinion（not a fact）helpful for yourteam is that

12

.

1

it is necessary for students to be focused on studying during class2

students should play with their friends between classes

3

the government will introduce a new rule about phone use at school

4

using mobile phones too long may damage students’ eyes

問 3

The other team will oppose the debate topic. In the article, one opinion（not a fact）helpful for that team is that

13

.

1

it is better to teach students how to control their mobile phone use

2

students should use their mobile phones for daily communication3

the cost of storing students’ mobile phones would be too high4

the rule will be applied to all students at the country’s primary andmiddle schools

13

問 4

In the 3rd paragraph of the article, “One must live with the times” meansthat people should

14

.

1

change their lifestyles according to when they live

2

live in their own ways regardless of popular trends

3

remember their childhood memories

4

try not to be late for school

問 5

According to his comment, Daniel McCarthy

the article.

1

has no particular opinion about2

partly agrees with3

strongly agrees with4strongly disagrees with14

15

the rule stated in

（下 書 き 用 紙）
英語（筆記［リーディング］）の試験問題は次に続く。

15

第 3 問 （配点Ａ

10）

You found the following story in a blog written by a female exchange
student in your school.

School Festival
Sunday, September 15

I went with my friend Takuya to his high school festival. I hadn’t been toa Japanese school festival before. We first tried the ghost house. It was wellmade, using projectors and a good sound system to create a frightening
atmosphere.
Then we watched a dance show performed by students. They were cooland danced well. It’s a pity that the weather was bad. If it had been sunny,
they could have danced outside. At lunch time, we ate Hawaiian pancakes,
Thai curry, and Mexican tacos at the food stalls. They were all good, but the
Italian pizza had already sold out by the time we found the pizza stall.
In the afternoon, we participated ina karaoke competition together as both of
us love singing. Surprisingly, we almost
won, which was amazing as there were
20 entries in the competition. We werereally happy that many people liked our
performance. We also enjoyed the digital paintings and short movies students
made.
I can’t believe that students organized and prepared this big event bythemselves. The school festival was pretty impressive.

16

問 1

At the school festival,

16

.

1

most food at the stalls was sold out before lunch time2

the dance show was held inside due to poor weather

3

the ghost house was run without electronic devices

4

the karaoke competition was held in the morning

問 2

You learned that the writer of this blog

17

.

1

enjoyed the ghost tour, the dance show, and the teachers’ art works

2sang in the karaoke competition and won third prize

3

tried different dishes and took second place in the karaoke contest

4

was pleased with her dancing and her short movie about the festival

17

Ｂ

You found the following story in a study-abroad magazine.

Flowers and Their Hidden Meanings
Naoko Maeyama（Teaching Assistant）
Giving flowers is definitely a nice thing to do. However, when you are in
a foreign country, you should be aware of cultural differences.
Deborah, who was at our school in Japan for a three-week language
program, was nervous at first because there were no students from Canada,
her home country. But she soon made many friends and was having a greattime inside and outside the classroom. One day she heard that her Japaneseteacher, Mr. Hayashi, was in the hospital after falling down some stairs at thestation. She was really surprised and upset, and wanted to see him as soon as
possible.

Deborah decided to go to the hospital with her classmates andbrought a red begonia in a flower pot to make her teacher happy. When they
entered the hospital room, he welcomed them with a big smile. However, his
expression suddenly changed when Deborah gave the red flower to him.
Deborah was a little puzzled, but she didn’t ask the reason because she didn’t
want to trouble him.
Later, in her elementary Japanese and with the help of a dictionary,
Deborah told me about her visit to the hospital, and how her teacher’s
expression changed when she gave him the begonia. Deborah said, “It’s myfavorite flower because red is the color of passion. I thought my teacher, who
was always passionate about teaching, would surely love it, too.”
Unfortunately, flowers growing in a pot are something we shouldn’t taketo a hospital in Japan. This is because a plant in a pot has roots, and so itcannot be moved easily. In Japanese culture some people associate these facts
with remaining in the hospital. Soon after Deborah heard the hidden meaningof the potted begonia, she visited Mr. Hayashi again to apologize.
18

問 1

According to the story, Deborah’s feelings changed in the following order:
18

.

1

nervousconfused

happy

shockedsorry

2

nervousconfusedsorry

shockedhappy

3

nervous

happy

shockedconfusedsorry

4

nervous

happy

sorry

5

nervousshocked6

nervous

sorry

問 2

shockedconfused

happy

sorry

confused

confused

happy

shockedThe gift Deborah chose was not appropriate in Japan because it may
imply

19

.

1

a long stay2

congratulations

3

growing anger

4

passion for living

問 3

From this story, you learned that Deborah

1

20

.

chose a begonia for her teacher because she learned the meanings ofseveral flowers in her class2

not only practiced her Japanese but also learned about Japanese culture
because of a begonia

3

visited the hospital with her teaching assistant to see her teacher andenjoyed chatting

4

was given an explanation about the begonia by Mr. Hayashi and learned
its hidden meaning

19

第 4 問 （配点16）

You are doing research on students’ reading habits. You found two articles.

Reading Habits Among Students

by David Moore
July, 2010

Reading for pleasure is reading just for fun rather than for your school
assignment or work. There is strong evidence linking reading for enjoyment
and educational outcomes. Research has shown that students who read daily
for pleasure perform better on tests than those who do not. Researchers havealso found that reading for fun, even a little every day, is actually more
beneficial than just spending many hours reading for studying and gathering
information.

Furthermore, frequent reading for fun, regardless of whether

reading paper or digital books, is strongly related with improvements inliteracy.
According to an international study, in 2009, two-thirds of 15-year-old
students read for enjoyment on a daily basis.

The graph shows thepercentage of students who read for enjoyment in six countries.

Reading

habits differed across the countries, and there was a significant gender gap inreading in some countries.
Percentage of girls and boys who read for enjoyment in 2009
100
80
60

Girls

40

Boys

20
0

Austria

Finland Indonesia

Japan

Korea

ThailandIn many countries, the percentage of students who read for enjoyment
daily had decreased since the previous study in 2000.
20

Back in 2000, onaverage, 77% of girls and 60% of boys read for enjoyment.

By 2009, thesepercentages had dropped to 74% and 54%, respectively.
In my opinion, many students today do not know what books they should
read. They say that they have no favorite genres or series. That’s why thepercentage of students who read for pleasure daily has been decreasing.
Parents and teachers should help students find interesting books in order tomake reading for pleasure a daily routine.

Opinion on “Reading Habits Among Students”

by Y. T.
August, 2010

As a school librarian, I have worked in many different countries. I was alittle sad to learn that fewer students around the world read for enjoyment
daily than before. According to David Moore’s article, approximately 60% of
female students in my home country reported they read for enjoyment, andthe gender gap is about 20%. I find this disappointing.
More students need to know the benefits of reading.

As David Moore

mentioned, reading for pleasure has good effects on students’ academic skills.
Students who regularly read many books get better scores in reading,mathematics, and logical problem solving.

Also, reading for enjoyment has

positive effects on students’ mental health.

Research has shown a strong

relationship between reading for fun regularly and lower levels of stress anddepression.
Regardless of these benefits, students generally do not spend enough timereading.

Our daily lives are now filled with screen-based entertainment.

Students spend a lot of time playing video games, using social media, andwatching television.

I think students should reduce their time in front ofscreens and should read books every day even for a short time. Forming areading habit in childhood is said to be associated with later reading
proficiency.

School libraries are good places for students to find numerous

resources.
21

問 1

Neither David Moore nor the librarian mentions

1

gender differences in reading habits

2

problems connected with reading digital books3

the change in reading habits among students

4

the importance of reading regularly in childhood

問 2

The librarian is from1

Austria2

Finland

3

Japan

4

Korea

問 3

22

21

.

.

According to the articles, reading for pleasure has good effects on students’23. （You may choose more than one option.）1

choice of career

2

educational success3

mental well-being

4views of social media

22

問 4

David Moore states that students

they

25

24

. （Choose a different option for each box.）

1

are busier than ever before

2cannot decide what books to read3choose similar books as their parents

4enjoy playing with electronic devices

5

get useful information from TV

問 5, and the librarian states that

Based on the information from both articles, you are going to write a reportfor homework. The best title for your report would be “

26

1

Like It or Not, Reading Classic Novels is Important

2

Make Reading for Entertainment a Part of Your Daily Life

3

Pleasure Reading is Becoming Popular in Different Countries

4

School Libraries: Great Resources for Doing School Projects

23.”

第 5 問 （配点20）Your group is preparing a poster presentation entitled “The Person Who
Revolutionized American Journalism,” using information from the magazine article
below.

Benjamin Day, a printer from New England, changed American journalism
forever when he started a New York City newspaper, The Sun. BenjaminDay was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on April 10, 1810. He worked fora printer as a teenager, and at the age of 20 he began working in print shops
and newspaper offices in New York. In 1831, when he had saved enoughmoney, he started his own printing business, which began to struggle when
the city was hit by a cholera epidemic the following year. In an attempt toprevent his business from going under, Day decided to start a newspaper.
In 1833, there were 650 weekly and 65 daily American newspapers, withaverage sales of around 1,200. Although there were cheap newspapers inother parts of the country, in New York a newspaper usually cost as much as
six cents. Day believed that many working-class people were able to readnewspapers, but chose not to buy them because they did not address theirinterests and were too expensive. On September 3, 1833, Day launched The
Sun with a copy costing just one cent. The introduction of the “penny press,”
as cheap newspapers became known, was an important milestone in American
journalism history.
Day’s newspaper articles were different from those of other newspapers
at the time. Instead of reporting on politics and reviews of books or thetheater, The Sun focused on people’s everyday lives. It was the firstnewspaper to report personal events and crimes. It led to a paradigm shift in
American journalism, with newspapers becoming an important part of thecommunity and the lives of the readers. Day also came up with another novelidea: newsboys selling the newspaper on street corners. People wouldn’t evenhave to step into a shop to buy a paper.
The combination of a newspaper that was cheap as well as being easily
available was successful, and soon Day was making a good living publishing
The Sun. Within six months, The Sun’s circulation reached 5,000, and after ayear, it had risen to 10,000. By 1835, sales of The Sun had reached 19,000,
more than any of the other daily papers at that time. Over the next few years,
24

about a dozen new penny papers were established, beginning a new era ofnewspaper competition. The success of The Sun encouraged other journalists
to publish newspapers at a lower price. By the time of the Civil War, thestandard price of a New York City newspaper had fallen to just two cents.
Despite his success, after about five years of operating The Sun, Day lostinterest in the daily work of publishing a newspaper. In 1838, he sold The Sunto his brother-in-law, Moses Yale Beach, for $40,000, and the newspaper
continued to publish for many years. After selling the paper, Day moved into
other business areas, including the publication of magazines, but by the 1860s
he was basically retired. He lived quietly until his death on December 21,
1889. Although he had been involved in the American newspaper business fora relatively short time, Day is remembered as a revolutionary figure who
showed that newspapers could appeal to a mass audience.

The Person Who Revolutionized American Journalism■ The Life of Benjamin Day

PeriodEvents

1810s

Day spent his childhood in Springfield

1820s

27

1830s
and beyond

28
29
30

Benjamin Day

31■ About The Sun▶ Day launched The Sun on September 3, 1833.
▶ This newspaper was highly successful for the following reasons:32■ A Shift in U.S. Journalism: A New Model▶ The motto of The Sun was “ 33 .”▶ The Sun changed American journalism and society in a number of ways:
25

34

問 1

Members of your group listed important events in Day’s life.
events into the boxes

27

31

〜

in the order that they happened.

1

Day created other publications

2

Day established a printing company

3

Day gained experience as a printer in his local area4

Day started a newspaper business5

Day’s business was threatened by a deadly disease

問 2

Put the

Choose the best statement（s）to complete the poster. （You may choose
more than one option.）

32

1

Day focused on improving the literacy levels of the working class.

2

Day introduced a new way of distributing newspapers.

3

Day realized the potential demand for an affordable newspaper.

4

Day reported political affairs in a way that was easy to understand.

5

Day supplied a large number of newspapers to every household.

6

Day understood what kind of articles would attract readers.

問 3Which of the following was most likely to have been The Sun’s motto?
33

1Nothing is more valuable than politics

2

The daily diary of the American Dream

3

The Sun: It shines for all

4

Top people take The Sun

26

問 4

Choose the best statement（s）to complete the poster. （You may choose
more than one option.）

34

1

Information became widely available to ordinary people.

2

Journalists became more conscious of political concerns.

3

Journalists started to write more on topics of interest to the community.

4

Newspapers became less popular with middle-class readers.

5

Newspapers replaced schools in providing literacy education.

6

The role of newspapers became much more important than before.

27

第 6 問 （配点Ａ24）

You are preparing for a group presentation on gender and career development
for your class. You have found the article below.

Can Female Pilots Solve Asia’s Pilot Crisis?
［1］

With the rapid growth of airline travel in Asia, the shortage of airline

pilots is becoming an issue of serious concern. Statistics show that the numberof passengers flying in Asia is currently increasing by about 100,000,000 ayear. If this trend continues, 226,000 new pilots will be required in this region
over the next two decades. To fill all of these jobs, airlines will need to hire
more women, who currently account for 3% of all pilots worldwide, and only 1%
in Asian countries such as Japan and Singapore. To find so many new pilots,
factors that explain such a low number of female pilots must be examined, andpossible solutions have to be sought.
［2］

One potential obstacle for women to become pilots might be thestereotype that has long existed in many societies: women are not well-suitedfor this job. This seems to arise partly from the view that boys tend to excel
in mechanics and are stronger physically than girls. A recent study showedthat young women have a tendency to avoid professions in which they
have little prospect of succeeding.

Therefore, this gender stereotype might

discourage women from even trying.

It may explain why at the Malaysia

Flying Academy, for instance, women often account for no more than 10% of
all trainees enrolled.
［3］

Yet another issue involves safety. People may be concerned about thesafety of aircraft flown by female pilots, but their concerns are not supported
by data. For example, a previous analysis of large pilot databases conductedin the United States showed no meaningful difference in accident rates between
male and female pilots. Instead, the study found that other factors such as a28

pilot’s age and flight experience better predicted whether that person is likely
to be involved in an accident.
［4］

Despite the expectation that male pilots have better flight skills, it may

be that male and female pilots just have skills which give them different
advantages in the job. On the one hand, male pilots often have an easier timelearning how to fly than do female pilots. The controls in a cockpit are often
easier to reach or use for a larger person. Men tend to be larger, on average,
than women. In fact, females are less likely than men to meet the minimum
height requirements that most countries have. On the other hand, as noted bya Japanese female airline captain, female pilots appear to be better atfacilitating communication among crew members.
［5］

When young passengers see a woman flying their plane, they come toaccept female pilots as a natural phenomenon. Today’s female pilots are goodrole models for breaking down stereotypical views and traditional practices,such as the need to stay home with their families.

Offering flexible work

arrangements, as has already been done by Vietnam Airlines, may help
increase the number of female pilots and encourage them to stay in theprofession.
［6］

It seems that men and women can work equally well as airline pilots.

A strong message must be sent to younger generations about this point inorder to eliminate the unfounded belief that airline pilots should be men.

問 1

According to the article, the author calls the current situation in Asia acrisis because

35

.

1

many more male airline pilots are quitting their jobs than before2

the accident rates are increasing among both male and female pilots

3

the number of female pilots has not changed much for the last few
decades4

the number of future pilots needed will be much larger than at present
29

問 2

According to the article, there is little difference between men and women
in

36

1

how easily they learn to operate airplanes

2

how likely they are to be involved in accidents

3

how much time they can spend on work4

how people perceive their suitability for the job.

問 3 In Paragraph［4］, the author most likely mentions a Japanese female airline
captain in order to give an example of

37

.

1

a contribution female pilots could make to the workplace2

a female pilot who has excellent skills to fly a plane3

a problem in the current system for training airline pilots

4

an airline employee who has made rare achievements

問 4Which of the following statements best summarizes the article?

1

38

Despite negative views toward female pilots, they can be as successful
as male pilots.

2

Due to financial problems the percentage of female students in a pilot
academy in Asia is too small.

3

In the future many countries worldwide may have to start hiring more
female pilots like Asian countries.

4

There is little concern about increasing female pilots in the future
because major obstacles for them have been removed.

30

（下 書 き 用 紙）
英語（筆記［リーディング］）の試験問題は次に続く。

31

Ｂ

You are studying about world ecological problems. You are going to readthe following article to understand what has happened in Yellowstone National
Park.

Yellowstone National Park, located in the northern United States, became theworld’s first national park in 1872. One of the major attractions of this 2.
2-millionacre park is the large variety of animals. Some people say that Yellowstone isthe best place in the world to see wolves. As of December 2016, there were atleast 108 wolves and 11 packs（social families）in the park.

By the 1940s,

however, wolves had almost disappeared from Yellowstone National Park.
Today, these wolves are back and doing well. Why have they returned?
The wolves’ numbers had declined by the 1920s through hunting, which
was not regulated by the government. Ranchers on large farms raising cattle,
horses, and sheep did not like wolves because they killed their animals. When
the wolves were on the point of being wiped out by hunting, another problem
arose — the elk herds increased in number. Elk, a large species of deer, are thewolves’ principal source of food in the winter. The elk populations grew solarge that they upset the balance of the local ecosystem by eating many plants.
People may like to see elk, but scientists were worried about the damage
caused by the overly large population.
To solve this problem, the U.S. government announced their intention torelease young wolves brought from Canada.

It was hoped that the wolves

would hunt the elk and help bring down the population. However, because
many ranchers were against bringing back wolves, it took about 20 years forthe government and the ranchers to agree on a plan. In 1974, a team wasappointed to oversee the reintroduction of wolves. The government publishedofficial recovery plans in 1982, 1985, and finally in 1987. After a long period of
research, an official environmental impact statement was issued and 31 wolves
were released into Yellowstone from 1995 to 1996.
This project to reduce the number of elk was a great success. By 2006, theestimated wolf population in Yellowstone National Park was more than 100.
Furthermore, observers believe that the wolves have been responsible for a
decline in the elk population from nearly 20,000 to less than 10,000 during the32

first 10 years following their introduction. As a result, a lot of plants havestarted to grow back. The hunting of wolves is even allowed again because of
the risk from wolves to ranchers’ animals. While hunting wolves because they
are perceived as a threat may seem like an obvious solution, it may cause newproblems.

As a study published in 2014 suggested, hunting wolves might

increase the frequency of wolves killing ranchers’ animals. If the leader of awolf pack is killed, the pack may break up. Smaller packs or individual wolves
may then attack ranchers’ animals. Therefore, there is now a restriction on
how many wolves can be hunted. Such measures are important for long-term
management of wolf populations.

問 1

The decline of wolves in Yellowstone National Park in the early 1900s
resulted in

39

.

1

a decrease in the number of hunters, which was good for the wolves

2

a decrease in the number of ranchers, which reduced the human population

3

an increase in the number of elk, which damaged the local ecosystem

4

an increase in the number of trees and plants, which helped elk to hide

英語（筆記［リーディング］）
第 6 問Ｂの問題は次に続く。
33

問 2

Out of the following four graphs, which illustrates the situation the best?
40

1

Population of Animal Groupsin Yellowstone National Park
Elk

WolvesElk

20,000400

15,00010,000
5,000
0

2

300
200

Wolves
1987

100
1996

2006

2016

0

Population of Animal Groupsin Yellowstone National Park
Elk

WolvesElk

20,000400

15,00010,000
5,000
0

3

300
200

Wolves
1987

100
1996

2006

2016

0

Population of Animal Groupsin Yellowstone National Park
Elk

WolvesElk

20,000400

15,00010,000
5,000
0

300
200

Wolves
1987

100
1996

2006
34

2016

0

4

Population of Animal Groupsin Yellowstone National Park
Elk

WolvesElk

20,000400

15,000300

10,000
5,000
0

問 3

200

Wolves
1987

100
1996

2006

2016

0

According to the article, which two of the following tell us about the current
situation in the park? （Choose two options. The order does not matter.）
41

・

42

1

More travelers are visiting the park than thirty years ago.

2

One species was saved but another has become extinct instead.

3

People have started hunting wolves around this area again.

4

The park has both wolves and elk, as well as rich vegetation.

5

There is a new rule to reduce the elk population in the park.

問 4

43

The best title for this article is.

1

A Decrease in the Number of Ranchers’ Animals

2

Addressing Problems With Nature’s Balance

3

Nature Conservation Around the World

4

Releasing Elk in National Parks

35