SOLUTIONS FORWOOD COATING
2023

SOLUTIONS FORWOOD COATING
2023

1. Wood coating in general

2. Liquid coating

The coating of workpieces made from woodmakes special demands on coaters. This document“Solutions for Wood Coating” by WAGNER offers information about coating processes and technical demands.

Wood, a “living” material
One type of wood is not just like another - they vary widely. On the one hand there are naturally grown woods
and on the other hand composites such as MDF, chipboard, multiplex - each of them with different characteristics and requirements. Wood objects to be processedcan be small or large, in parts or assembled, curved orflat, vertical or horizontal, with complex or simple shapes.
The coating process must fit to the wood type and the
production process. Therefore, detailed planning of theapplication and right choice of material are the keys tosuccessful coating and economical production.

This can be achieved with different approaches:• Efficient material usage and low material waste
Modern coating technologies have excellent transfer
efficiency rates. Minimal volumes of paint are required
to coat wide areas. This is saving material and money.
• Fast color change, shorter cleaning times
Due to fast color change processes and shorter cleaning
times, the coaters can produce quicker. This results inimproved production efficiency, which increases the
profit.
• Rapid further processing thanks to short drying times
Modern coating systems enable the quick curing anddrying of the coated parts. Therefore, the production
gets faster, and the assembling of furniture is possible
within shorter time.
• Efficient work processes
Processes are optimized by new technology and reducing the number of passes. This reduces labor operation, cost and time.

Numbers and challenges of wood coatingin the European furniture industry
In Europe, about 118,000 furniture-makers generate
an annual turnover of approx. EUR 88 billion/year1). The
main growth markets today are to be found in Asia andespecially in China2). The challenges for the numerous
small to medium sized businesses as well as for larger
companies remain: Imports from low-wage countries
and increasing raw material prices are impacting on
profit margins. In addition, the furniture industry often
cannot cover the need for new qualified staff3). On topof that is the high environmental and health consciousness of consumers as well as the increasingly strict legal
regulations, in respect to solvent-based coatings 4).
Many furniture manufacturers ask themselves the question of where they can find suitable, cost-efficient coating methods for wooden furniture. Here, the focus isprimarily on solvent or water-based liquid coatings. But
the powder coating of MDF panels and solid wood is aninteresting alternative for certain application areas. Cost
optimization in both areas is possible.

Liquid coating is the most widely used type of
application for wood objects. It is the ideal solution toachieve high-class surfaces with excellent gloss level.
Manual and automatic liquid coating processes offer
several benefits such as fast color changes, custom
coatings, low start-up costs, a great range of suitablematerials and colors, including metallics and high gloss.

• Higher automation level
A lot of manual handling has been replaced by automatic processes such as color changes and cleaning.
These procedures are saving time and increase process
stability.
At the same time, the coatings need to satisfy the respective quality and decorative demands of the customers - such as hardness, durability, numerous colors,different surface structures, soft feel surfaces or chemical and mechanical resistance surfaces.
All these requirements must come together in asingle efficient overall coating concept. The varieties andpossibilities of liquid coating and powder coating will
be explained on the following pages.

Efficient coating equipment is the key to successTo increase possible savings with liquid coating, some
general considerations need to be made first. Here wehave to consider choosing the right liquid application
technology. It‘s centered around the following factors:• Type of wood
Each kind of wood material has its own characteristic. Porosity, surface or density vary from type to type.
These parameters must be considered to choose the mostvaluable and efficient coating technology.

• Targets and requirements of the furniture manufacturer
Each solution is a decision for the future. In case of
production increase, the chosen coating system
must handle more items and faster production in the
future. Environmental issues as restrictions for solventsor the usage of environmentally friendly varnish must
be considered as well, before any decision for the coating method is made.

An optimized paint material feeding systemsaves a lot of money
An optimized application and feeding system speciallycustomized to the application situation is usually morecost-effective than generic systems, which are not configured specifically to the customer demands. Additionally, every liquid coating system offers optimization
where further costs can be saved:• Requirements of the paint chemistry
Paint and varnish suppliers know which pump system isthe right solution for the chosen product.

• Object geometry
Coating a flat panel is by far easier than coating ashaped part with openings and rounded edges. The
numbers and types of parts in production and the best
coating method need to be clarified.
• Type and viscosity of the paintDifferent types of varnish can show different flow behaviours. Coating guns and pumps must be able to handle
these characteristics in all circumstances.
• Training and expertise level of the employees
The simpler to handle a technology, the better the
result. Employees must be able to handle the chosen
coating technology and should be trained to work withany new processes.
• Application method
The output of products, the variety of parts and forms
and the degree of capacity are key elements to decide
the proper kind of liquid coating system. Depending on
the demands, you can choose between manual coating
and automatic coating. One of the key factors for thedecision is the existing or future volume of production.

• Consideration of coating parameters
Parameters such as paint viscosity, number ofworkpieces and production speed significantly
determine the paint feeding system. The color
changes per day should also be calculated in advance.
• Paint variety and consumption
Calculate accurately the quantity, color variety and shapes which will be used. The more colors, the more complex the handling.
• Framework conditions during operation
Is the painting shop planned within existing buildings
or is it a new installation? Which conditions are considered for placement, space etc.? The answers to thesequestions will lead to an optimal paint-spray line.
• Legal specifications and regulations
Each country has their own regulations and legal specifications. Take care to fulfil all regulations, especiallyconcerning environmental demands.

1) European Furniture Industries Confederation (April 2019): The Industry. Available at: www.efic.eu2) https://info.pra-world.com (April 2019)3) European Furniture Industries Confederation (2016): Major Challenges. Available at: www.efic.eu/Industry.aspx?view=major_challenges
4) Philipp, Claudia (2010): The future of wood coatings. In: European Coatings Journal 1/2010.

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2.1 Manual liquid application

Airless process

Piston pumps

Several approved coating technologies are available forthe manual coating process. Each of them is a harmonized combination of coating gun and pump system.

This process is an airlessatomizing paint spray method. A pneumatic powered pump feeds the spraymedium from the intake tothe nozzle. The pump puts
the material under medium
pressure and pushes a relatively
large amount of material througha small nozzle opening. This generates the dynamic pressure at thenozzle that is necessary for atomization. An airless system consists of apump, hose, filter, gun and nozzle. Airless technology provides power, i.e. fast
application speed, low overspray and hightransfer efficiency.

High durability and reliability makepiston pumps the ideal choice for low,
medium and high pressure applications
and for applying water and solvent-based paints. High efficiency air motors
ensure smooth operation. The motorand its special exhaust geometry completely prevent icing up and the associated malfunctions. Best coating results
are thus guaranteed.

Using gravity spray guns has proven itself effective inwood coating when applying small amounts of woodstain or low-viscosity paint with low-pressure technology. High-value liquid coating spray guns offer evenly
distributed atomization and a wide selection of suitablenozzles and air caps. They are specially designed for applying smaller material amounts. As the color container
is directly on the gun, the area to be cleaned is minimal
with a correspondingly low use of solvents and little
material remainders. The following will show an overview of different atomization technologies.
Airspray technology provides control, i.e. easy and precise adjustments of the atomizing air and of the fanwidth, for maximum application versatility and finishing quality.

Atomization technologies
Airspray process

Diaphragm pumps

The diaphragm pump technology combines a small internal volume with high stroke frequency to high pumpcapacity and very low consumption of flushing agent forcolor change or cleaning. In addition, the material is conveyed very gently, since no packing or friction interfereswith the material flow. Due to the hermetically sealed
design, almost all materials commonly used in coating
technology can be processed without any problems.

Feeding pumps for manual liquid coating

In this process, the atomization
air flows out of a ring-shaped
opening formed by a bore in theatomizer head (air cap) and thepaint nozzle positioned centrically within it. The spray jet shapeis controlled by flat jet (horn air) bores. The air emerging from these bores converts the spray jet with a nearly circular cross section that is verticalto the jet axis into a jet with an ellipticalcross section. The compressed air is produced by compressors or radial fans.

AirCoat process
The right combination of airless and airspray technology
together with the unique
WAGNER know-how results in
AirCoat technology: perfect finishing, high productivity, soft spraypattern and very high transfer efficiency at a moderate level.

The air atomizing processes can be differentiated into
low-pressure, medium-pressure and high-pressure processes, depending on the atomizing air pressure used.
HVLP technology operates with an atomizer pressureof max. 0.7 bar/10 psi. In contrast to the low-pressuretechnique, the medium-pressure technique works witha high atomizer air pressure that lies in a range from
1 to 3 bar. The high-pressure technique works with an
atomizer air pressure of 3 to 8 bar. Today the medium
pressure is the technology which is the most used andgives the best result in 80% of application.

In the AirCoat spraying process, a piston
or diaphragm pump is used to atomize
the material at an operating pressure between 30 to 120 bar or higher. This relatively low material pressure produces good basic atomization, althoughstreaks occur at the spray jet perimeter until the additional air is added. The paint is atomized finely with a
low air flow rate of at least 90 l/min and at low pressure
ranging from 0.4 bar to at most 2.5 bar. The central air
supply, which is located directly next to the nozzle hole,
supports the atomization and further enhances it overthe entire width. The extremely low operating pressureof the AirCoat method compared to the airless process
has the advantage that the paint particles move at avery low forward speed, generating a „soft“ spray jetwith less overspray. This effect is enhanced by keeping
the quantities of compressed air that support the atomization process.

Piston pump

The pump technology plays an important role for theefficiency of manual liquid coating. Piston pumps anddiaphragm pumps are the best known and most valuable technologies. Parameters as varnish viscosity, flow
behavior, number of color changes or the combinationof primer, varnishes and top coat (2K) define the best
pump system for the liquid coating of wood.

Cobra 40-10• Ideal solution for small quantities• Up to 3 guns (depending on nozzle size)• For quick & frequent color changes• Excellent for any kind of critical material
such as shear sensitive,
reactive, moisture ortemperature sensitive
fluidsCobra 40-25• For bigger material consumption• Multi-gun operation• Bigger nozzle sizes• Excellent for any kind of critical material
such as shear sensitive, reactive, moisture ortemperature sensitive fluids

Examples of diaphragm pumps

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2.2 Automatic liquid application

Automatic spray guns

Time is money

Another option to save costs and increase productivity
are automated coating systems. They are available withdifferent technologies and are put together individuallyaccording to size and the number of workpieces. Usually, automatic coating is used with medium to large
batch sizes and simple object shapes. However, somebusinesses with smaller batch sizes and skills shortages
partially count on relief in the form of automation. In
general, automated coating systems offer the advantage of applying coating very precisely, in an evenly distributed way and in reproducible quality.

The same range of atomization technologies for manualspray guns also applies to automatic guns - the customer can choose between airless, airspray and AirCoat
technology. All automatic spray guns are designed forhigh transfer efficiency. To be mounted in automatic systems, they are designed in a compact way. This
makes them easy and flexible in use and maintenance.

Like in every industry, the same applies to wood coating: time is money. The faster individual work steps
are completed, the higher the productivity. Therefore,
many furniture manufacturers put their trust in electronic dosing and mixing units. Unlike with manual mixing,
this does not just result in saved time. The quality is also
higher due to the uniformly reproduceable color composition. Ideally, mixture ratios in the dosing and mixing
units can be saved and called up via the display.

Generally, ergonomic, easy-to-clean equipment reduces costs, as less time is required. This way, dosing andmixing units with automatic rinsing can be used, thecleaning of which is done at the touch of a button. For
pumps, combining a small pumping quantity with higher frequency is worthwhile. Here, the cavity to be cleaned remains relatively small, which reduces material
loss, solvent use and cleaning time. The possible savings
cannot be underestimated, as the following sample calculation shows.

Sample calculation comparing different pumps
Comparison of two pumps with 65 cm³/double stroke (Pump A) and 10 cm³/double stroke (Pump B)
Savings potential thanks to automation of the coating
Examples of automatic guns for liquid coating

Feeding pumps for automatic liquid coating

In general, the automatic coating of wood follows thesame rules as manual coating and uses more or lessthe same technology. The difference is the capacity
to process large amounts, the ability of automized color change and the space needed for the installation.
It is essential to count on the support of experts to plan
an automatic liquid paint installation. This is a must toachieve economic, high-quality results.

A wide range of pump systems is available for automatic liquid coating. This enables an adaptation to all kindsof applications and paints available in today‘s market.
For the customer it is important to contact the paintand application manufacturer to find the ideal pumpsystem.

Examples of pumps for automatic liquid coating

Solutions for Wood Coating

Pump B

Pump volume
65 cm³ / double stroke

Pump volume
10 cm³ / double stroke

Paint(per liter in Euro)6

Max. speed
30 double strokes/min

Max. speed
200 double strokes/min

Solvent(per liter in Euro)

1

Unused material(liters per color change)

0.4
0.1

Waste disposal(per liter ofsolvent in Euro)

0.10

Solvent consumption(liters per color change)

4.0
1.2

Workdays(per year)

250

Time for color change(in minutes)

7
3

Labor costs(per hour in Euros)

30

Number of color changes per day
and final cleaning

4+1

Costs – General

Savings

From the beginning of the planning process, all participants such as application manufacturer, conveyor
supplier, oven manufacturer and varnish and chemistry
suppliers must be on board. This ensures to get a fully
integrated technical concept.

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Pump A

Cost of material waste(per year in Euro)

3,000
750

Cost of solvents(per year in Euro)

5,000
1,500

Labor costs(per year in Euro)

4,375
1,875

Waste costs(per year in Euro)

550
163

Overall costs(per year in Euro)

12,925
4,288

Annual savings (in Euro)

8,637

Time savings per day (in min.)

20

Time savings per year (in hours)

84

Solutions for Wood Coating9

2.3 Electrostatic liquid application:
The economic alternative for complex
geometries
For many years, electrostatic liquid coating has been
an established coating method and can therefore
be applied for wood coating. The basic principle ofelectrostatic coating is the power of attraction between
negatively charged particles and the grounded material, i.e. the wooden object. This technology is especially suited to coat complex geometries such as window
frames and shutters, rounded component parts, chairs,
tables, beds, fences and rattan furniture.

Conductivity of workpieces

Ionizable material which is close to the electrodes will
be charged and attracted by the other pole along thefield lines. Since this pole is properly grounded the fieldstrength remains constant because the disposed ionswill be discharged, and the voltage difference stays
constant. Otherwise the voltage between the poles will
decrease permanently.
The advantages of electrostatic coating are:• Higher application efficiency• Wrap-around effect• Minimized droplet size
• Better spray pattern• More homogeneous film thickness“Wrap-around effect” for best coating results

Proper grounding of the workpieces is essential to prevent the powder from being transferred to the painter.
Moreover, the paint material must be suitable for electrostatic coating. Ask the supplier for suitability – especially regarding the paint resistance.
A conductivity of less than < 1MΩ is good enough to use
electrostatic effectively. Even wooden objects can be coated if they contain a certain amount of residual humidity(> 7%). For wood application, the humidity (10 to 12%)located in the part is used to create ground conductivity.
The existing air humidity of the spray area improves theeffect of the electrostatics additionally.

By fact of the field lines being distributed smoothly
around the object the wrap-around effect is caused. Objects can therefore be sprayed from one side only. Wraparound is created by means of the electrical attraction
force along the field lines. Round shaped or lattice shaped work pieces can be sufficiently coated from one
side only under ideal conditions.

The build-up of an electrostatic automatic application (SB = solvent-based paint, AC = acid catalyst)

The principle of electrostatic application
Atomized drops of paint are charged at the atomizer(i.e. the spray gun) and follow the field lines to the conductive and grounded workpiece. Due to the electrostatic charge, the paint particles repel each other. This
produces extremely fine atomization which results invery homogenous material application and high-quality finishing. These fine, negatively charged paintparticles are attracted by the grounded workpiece, generating a wrap-around effect. While coating the front,
the overspray is attracted by the rear of the workpiece.
This enables enormous savings in material and time.
Between a negatively charged electrode and a positivepole there is an electrical field with defined oriented
flux lines. The strength of the field is depending on thevoltage difference between the two poles and the kindof material in between (dielectric).

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Wrap-around eﬀect: due to the negatively charged color particles,
the overspray is attracted from the rear of the workpieceHigh safety and best result for water-based paints
With the electrostatic painting procedure, water-based
paints can be applied. Special systems with insulation
units are required for this. High safety standards makesure that the operators are protected against high voltages. These so-called AquaCoat systems are available
with manual or automatic guns and for the high andlow-pressure area. In addition, further solutions like
automatic color change systems for mono-component
paints or automatic systems with electronic mixing anddosing systems are provided which can bring about increased efficiency.

Solutions for Wood Coating

The build-up of an electrostatic automatic application with isolated components for water-based material (= WB)

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Ionization (i.e. electrostatic charging) of solvent-based
paint takes place directly at the paint outlet in front of
the nozzle. The high voltage cascade is mounted inside
the gun. In case of airspray guns the electrode is locatedinside the material flow. AirCoat guns have the electrode positioned sidewise close to the nozzle in order toeffectively charge the already atomized material drops.

Systems for water-based paint must be charged completely including all components. The cascade is nolonger positioned inside the gun but close to the paint
supply to charge the paint bucket, pumps, mixing units
and all other components being in contact with theconductive material. Very important: the entire system
including material hose and gun must be safely insulated against the environment to avoid any damages.

3. The powder coating process
Another option for protecting thesurface of wooden furniture is theelectrostatic powder coating application. Powder coating of woodmeans mainly the coating processof MDF (medium-density fiberboard) material and is based on electrostatic, which has been explained before.
Powder coating offers the possibility for durable coatings and enables thicker and specialty finishes.
It has less environmental impact
due to the lack of VOC in the coating material, and ensures highmaterial utilization thanks to therecovery of the powder.

Controllingelectrostatics

High voltage
cascadeFluidized
powderAs per today, also solid woods arefeasible to be coated. A lot of effort
is made by powder manufacturers
to improve the application powders to be used on solid wood without restrictions. This
paper, however, only focuses on the MDF powder coating process.

High voltage
electrode

Loadedpowder particles

Earthedworkpiece

In general, the MDF powder coating procedure is moresuitable for larger batch sizes. Both simple and complex
forms can be powder coated. When it comes to the sizeof the items of furniture, the powder coating booth is alimiting factor. It needs to be large enough for the workpieces which are to be coated, but also small enoughso that fast, and ideally automatic, cleaning is possible.

Modern powder coating plant for wood coating (Source: Karl Bubenhofer AG)

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The powder coating process of MDF boards
The powder coating of MDF is a specific method. Several aspects must be harmonized to achieve high quality
results. These are explained below.

The powder coating process of MDF boards consists ofseveral single steps:

Moisture control in MDF boards

Infrared preheating to increase conductivity

Too high moisture content in MDF plates will result inedge cracking during the curing process. Less moisture content reduces the conductivity which prevents
a good coating result. Conditioning rooms speciallymade for MDF are conditioning the boards to 4.5 % to6.5 % moisture content. Due to changing indoor humidity between winter and summertime, the MDF boards
must be controlled frequently to avoid production problems.

Right before the application process, the MDF board
must be preheated by IR activating up to 70 °C for one
minute. The moisture in the MDF board is moving to thesurface which improves the conductivity, especially at
the sensitive edges of the object. Within this process
the board core must not be heated up. Therefore, a very
accurate IR-oven technology is essential.

* Field wrap control is a patented WAGNER solution to manage the thickness of powder
on the workpiece automatically

Increase of the conductivity of the MDF surface
by means of IR radiation for 1 minute with 65 °C

The electrostatic powder coating application
Forced conditioning of MDF boards in a conditioning room to a moister
content from 4.5 % to 6.5 % for 8 hours

The powder for MDF coating is specially manufactured
for low curing within 90 – 135 °C, depending on the curing system. This temperature range is much lower thanfor metallic parts, where the objects are cured often up
to 180 °C and more. Established powder manufacturers
made great progress in developing specific powder
types for MDF coating.

The mixture of coating powder and air is transported
from a powder center to the guns. These are moving
up and down on a reciprocator, harmonized with theconveyor speed. This results in a very constant and evenpowder layer.
The powder application is controlled by the so-called“Corona Field Control”. This “field wrap control” is a patented WAGNER solution to manage the thickness of
powder on the workpiece and powder wrap automatically.

Curing the powder on MDF boards

Cooling down the coated MDF boards

The electrostatically applied powder is attracted onto
the MDF plates which are moving now in an infrared
oven or an oven combined with ultraviolet and infraredcuring. The powder is baking-on within a short time,jells and adheres with high stability to the MDF board.

Immediately after the curing process the MDF boards
cool down with cold air blowing for approx. 6 minutes.
After the cooling process, the MDF plates can be removed from the conveyor line and used in the assembling.
Cooling down can also be made by hanging the parts atroom temperature for about 25 minutes.

Curing of the powder (IR or IR + UV):The curing temperature must be adhered to exactly
according to the powder manufacturer‘s specifications.

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The electrostatic powder coating of MDF and woodmaterial is especially useful for a wide variety of shapes.
The powder protects edges and openings much betterand makes the products more reliable than liquid coating. Milled-out portions, cutouts and holes are coated
all around. A main advantage is the high protection ofedges and profiles, even at small radii.
Powder coating enables therefore a high degree ofcreativity in design and production. Even Inkjet printing
on powder coated MDF is possible without difficulty.

Another main advantage of powder coating comparedto liquid coating is the renouncement of polluting solvents.
Not adhering or surplus powder particles fall to thebooth floor from where they are automatically recovered and leaded to the powder feed circle. This results
in a very low material waste with an efficiency of up to
98 %. Material recovery is not possible in liquid coating, where wasted paint is completely lost. The
material recovery makes electrostatic powder coating an
extremely economical coating process.

Jelling and curing by infrared radiation
Left picture: Gas-catalytic IR oven / Right picture: Cured MDF parts

Various application alternatives with powder

Advantages of powder coated MDF parts

Various powder application processes have been established within the last years, which differ mainly between single and double layer application.

When you compare the powder coating of standard
MDF boards to traditional processes such as liquid coating, lamination or foil coating, the facts speak for themselves. The costs are reduced by around 25 %, materials
by around 20 %, and CO2 emissions by 3.8 kilograms
per square meter (in high volume production, compared to traditional liquid coatings). You also get seamless, all-round coating with a uniform, scratch-proof
surface that can be worked on immediately. Powder
coated parts are especially effective against water
damage for furniture in wet areas like bathroom or
kitchen.

For the single layer application only one layer of powder
is coated.

The double layer process is divided in several sub-processes:

Sample of cost comparison between powder coating and liquid coating (different coating types for 1 m2)

Advantages:• Energy-saving coating process• Solvent free application material• Powder recovery• Coating of 3D structures• Seamless all-round coating• Workpieces can be immediately processed

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4. Summary

About WAGNER

There are many opportunities for optimizing the coating process of wooden material and the costs associated with it. But irrespective of the mode of coating, i.e.
liquid or powder, manual, automatic or electrostatic, it
is recommended to contact experts to find the mostsuitable system. Application manufacturers usually provide comprehensive, competent advice in order to put
together the optimum system for the respective requirements.

J. Wagner GmbH is one of the world‘s leading manufacturers of equipment and systems for surface coating withpowder and liquid lacquers, paints and other liquid materials. The WAGNER Group portfolio also includes bonding,sealing and encapsulation technology including injection moulding with the brands WAGNER, Titan, Walther Pilot,
Reinhardt-Technik and CA Technologies. The beginnings of the company go back to the year 1947. Today the innovative coating technologies of WAGNER are used in industry as well as by craftsmen and do-it-yourselfers and set
standards in the industry. The WAGNER Group is represented worldwide by around 1,600 employees in 15 operative
companies and around 300 agencies. Owners of the WAGNER Group are the Josef Wagner Foundations, which pursue
exclusively charitable goals.
More information can be found at www.wagner-group.com

Liquid or powder coating?
The decision between liquid or powder coating is depending on various factors. Where liquid coating is thestandard coating process with a wide range of options
for wood manufacturing, powder coating has become asuitable alternative when it comes to coat MDF boards
or solid wood.

The experts of WAGNER have great experience in all coating areas, from liquid to powder coating. They are
happy to provide you with the best customized solution and latest coating technology, to fulfill your specificdemands for economical and future-proof wood coating.

Benefits of liquid coating include1):

If you have any questions about the various application solutions for wood and MDF coating presented in thispaper, please do not hesitate to contact us via the contact form in this link:• Great range of applicable materials• Almost endless range of colors, including metallics
and high gloss• Fast color changes and customized coatings• Low start-up costs

https://www.wagner-group.com/en/industry/contact-form/

Benefits of powder coating include1):• More durable coatings• Capabilities for thicker and specialty finishes• Higher eco-friendliness• High material efficiency

No matter which type of coating process is chosen, relevant cost savings can be made only by selecting suitableequipment. More and more furniture manufacturers are
realizing this and are taking advantage of the supportof retailers and manufacturers in order to put together asystem customized to their requirements or to optimize
their existing system.

1) https://www.thomasnet.com/articles/custom-manufacturing-fabricating/powder-coating-pro-con/ (April 2019)18

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www.wagner-group.com

2023. All information, illustrations and specifications are based on information
which was current at the time of printing. We reserve the right to make changes.

J. Wagner GmbH
Industrial Solutions
D-88677 Markdorf
Tel.: +49 (0) 7544 505 - 0
Fax.: +49 (0) 7544 505 - 200