Inspiring Images,
Insightful DataZEISS Mineralogic
Your Automated Mineralogy in 2D and 3D
for phase identification and textural analysis
zeiss.com/mineralogic

Automated Mineralogy in 2D and 3D:
Phase identification, textural analysis›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Automation has the potential to liberate individuals and organizations
from arduous, time-consuming tasks, freeing them to be more strategic andproductive. ZEISS Mineralogic 2D and 3D provide automated quantitativemineral analysis by bringing together cutting edge microscopy with thescanning electron microscope (SEM) and the X-ray microscope (XRM),
industry leading energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and deep learningalgorithms to enhance your analytical capability and increase productivity.
ZEISS Mineralogic is the ideal solution for exacting geological interrogationof your samples, from in-depth petrological investigations to high throughput
mineral liberation workflows.

Quantitative EDS analysis of a mineral spectrum including peakdeconvolution. Courtesy of Oxford Instruments

3D analysis of particulate matter reveals all containedmineralogy and true liberation measurements2

Mineralogic 3D: Simpler. More Intelligent. More Integrated.
›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

ServiceOre Body Characterization

Maximize Throughput

Mineralogy, Liberation, Associations

Investigate your sample in its true form,

Enjoy rapid analysis throughput with simple

Understand your mineral processing like neverwithout mechanical alteration, and see 100%

sample handling. Dispense with the requirement

before. Where 2D automated mineralogy offersof it. ZEISS Mineralogic 3D offers an unparalleled

to mechanically alter your samples in order toliberation based on exposed surfaces or edges,

ability to understand composition, mineral

expose flat surfaces for analysis and hope to reveal

associations based on linear contacts, and modal

relationships, and fabric of the geological materials

hidden phases. Unlike sample preparation for themineralogy based on phases exposed on theunder scrutiny, including locked grains. Taking

SEM where graphite is added to act as a particle

surface of the sample mount, Mineralogic 3D

advantage of the ZEISS Xradia flat panel detector

separator, Mineralogic 3D analysis of comminuted

measures liberation based on the volume of

to obtain a larger field of view, and of deepore does not demand the use of additives to help

the grains and their exposure on the surface oflearning image reconstruction provided bymaintain particle separation, nor of a resin blockthe unaltered particle. Associations are based on

ZEISS DeepRecon Pro, Mineralogic 3D offers

to hold particles fixed in space; instead, it makes

full mineral surface contacts with other phases,

unrivaled resolution, mineral classification, andfull use of machine learning to ensure that every

and modal mineralogy accounts for all grains:measurement of samples in their natural state.

particle is understood in its entirety as a solethose exposed on the surface of the particles

Assumptions on the representativity of theindividual with full evaluation and quantificationand those obscured within.

exposed sample are no longer relevant, norof exposed surfaces and enclosed mineralogy.

are issues with stereology.

2D

3D

Exposed surface area

Contact surface
Mineralogic 3D combines X-ray microscopy with advanced
machine learning to provide a true measurement of the sample
with no obscured phases of interest

The much lighter sample preparation requirements for Mineralogic
3D compared to 2D automated mineralogy

3D evaluation of mineral particles delivers an un-obfuscatedview of associations, liberation, and modal mineralogy

3

Mineralogic 3D: Your Insight into the Technology Behind It›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Particle Segmentation and Measurement
With ZEISS Mineralogic 3D, you benefit from theapplication of advanced and flexible machinelearning protocols that recognize individual
particles even when they are in contact withother particles of the same composition.
Particles are then analyzed individually to provide
a series of pertinent outputs such as modal
mineralogy, volume, porosity, feret dimensional
measurements, associations, and liberation.
1 cm

Mineral Classification
Making full use of the imaging capability

Machine learning assisted segmentation identifies each particle, and considers it individually, without the need for additives nor manual
separation.

of the X-ray microscope, enhanced by
DeepRecon Pro deep learning algorithms,
Mineralogic 3D automatically classifies themineralogy of the sample based on attenuation
measurements. The ability to classify themineralogy in tomographic scans is unique, andwhen combined with the morphological measurements of the 3D particle and grain objects, allows
the calculation of standard mining-relevant outputs.

Mineral classifications based on attenuation measurements and particle size and liberation outputs based on morphological measurementsof the reconstructed 3D entities

4

ZEISS Mineralogic 3D at Work›In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Mineral Processing
Increasing demand on resources has led tothe evaluation of more complex, lower grade,ores. Maximizing recovery requires improvementsin efficiency that involve detailed knowledge ofthe ore body, and of the mineralogy that influences
behavior during the beneficiation process. Whentime is of the essence, Mineralogic 3D produces
the actionable data needed for decision making,from comminution improvements, through processenhancements, to assessing the quality of the
final concentrate.

Modal Minerology

Analysis of a comminuted ore reveals mineralogical,
morphological, and liberation details of the constituent
mineralogy.

Particle Size

Mineralogic 3D standard outputs include bulk mineralogy, morphological measurements, liberation and associations.

5Mineralogic 2D: Simpler. More Intelligent. More Integrated.
In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Quantitative Chemical Analysis andMorphochemical and LithologicalHigh Throughput

Classification

Classification

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D measures and classifies

Match mineral classification methods to yourGeological studies often involve complex, hetero-minerals in real time. Once the sample run issample texture. For maximum accuracy, use thegeneous systems and therefore simple classification

complete, there is no need for post processing.

highly sensitive technique of standards-based

criteria may not be sufficient to fully describe a

Quantification of the EDX spectra takes no timequantitative EDS. For the fastest analysis speeds,

system. Use morphological parameters with mineral

at all thanks to today's computing technology.

choose BSD greyscale alone. Include element ratio

chemistry to further describe your mineralogy andMeasurement modes and stop criteria allow you torules to discriminate end members of a solid solution.

differentiate key evidence. Combine chemistry with

tailor your analysis speed. You can also reanalyze

Combining chemical and morphochemical classifi-

grain size, shape parameters, grey level, and porosity

data sets retrospectively offline using modified

cations allows you to classify lithology to auto-

to achieve in-line morphochemical quantification

mineral classification rules. You’ll achieve maximum

matically categorize your particles, and identify

with all the results tabulated immediately at the end

automation and productivity with a 16-stub sample

and quantify ore types. High resolution imagingof the analysis. Distinguish between crystalline andholder and a range of ZEISS SEMs. Choose the size

combined with a full suite of image processing

porous instances of your pyrite or goethite to betterand number of energy dispersive spectrometersfunctions gives you a powerful edge to solve

assess mineral genesis, instances of bio-mineralization(EDS) with class leading detector solid angles.

previously impossible application challenges.

and/or make fact-based operational decisions.

Producing dedicated reports has never been easier.

Steel production sinter revealing some original Fe-ore mineralogy
within the sinter products

Analyze up to 16 metallurgical blocks in a single run withthe 16-block holder

ZEISS Mineralogic (Wt% oxide)›

Johnson & White, 2011 (Wt% oxide)
High accuracy bulk chemistry and modal mineralogy,
measured with ZEISS Mineralogic 2D, plotted against bulk
rock chemistry by XRF and mineral chemistry by EMP

6

Mineralogic 2D: Simpler. More Intelligent. More Integrated.
›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

ServiceGeochemical Investigation

Ore Body Characterization

EDS Flexibility

Geochemical modeling of geological events

Ore body mineralogy is now simple to characterize

Enjoy increased flexibility when deciding on

is based on knowledge of the mineralogy andthanks to quantitative EDS. The chemical composi-

your Mineralogic 2D system with a choice ofbulk chemistry of the rocks that recorded thetion of all minerals is measured and can be used

Ultim Max EDS detectors from Oxford Instruments

alteration. Using standards-based EDS analysis,

to quickly classify mineralogy. Simply return to theor Xflash 6 EDS detectors from Bruker. Choose

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D provides precise, actionablegrain of interest at the click of a button and investi-

the detector/s that best fit your working require-bulk chemistry, mineralogy, and phase chemicalgate further with the system's full standalone EDX

ments based on peak resolution, detection of

zonation at micron scale in a single analysis.

capability. Creating a mineral library to classify

light elements, or detector size to match yourThis reduces the time to results and the volume

a new ore body takes hours instead of weeks.

resolution and throughput requirements. Addof corroborating data that must be acquired.

Furthermore, mineral libraries can be copied toa WDS detector to expand your possibilities

Return to grains of interest with the press of

new instruments to avoid a significant overhead

to below 1000 ppm quantification and use

a single button to acquire trace element profiles

recreating instrument-specific libraries. Trace elements

the assigned chemistry option to carry throughusing WDS or export the coordinate map forcan be quantified using TOF-SIMS, WDS and LA-ICP-MS

these results into the ZEISS Mineralogic 2D

use with TOF-SIMS and LA-ICP-MS. User-friendly

through a new seamless correlative workflow andExplorer data analysis engine.

Mineralogic interface allows visualization andassigned to mineral classes to report trace element

export of quantitative geochemical data.

assay measurements and take account of hydrated
or lithium bearing minerals.

Full thin secrion scan of a metamorphic rock from Glenelg,
Scotland. Garnet map shows the periodic table user interface
for element and concentration range selection.

Mineralogic 2D analysis of an iron ore sample containing both
vitreous (cyan) and ochreous (salmon) goethite

Choose Oxford Ultim Max or Bruker EDS detectors to meet youranalytical requrements

7

Mineralogic 2D: Your Insight into the Technology Behind It›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Image Processing
With ZEISS Mineralogic 2D you benefit froma unique suite of more than 60 algorithms forcustomized image processing. This gives you a
particular advantage when tailoring your analysis
to unique textures, materials and applicationquestions. Set multiple BSD greyscale thresholds
and windows to exclude potting media andanalyze only the phases of interest. Avoiding
unwanted regions and edge effects using image
processing reduces your time to result while

Multiple thresholding example showing resultant
segmented image. Color assignments correspondto unique grey levels in each particle.

Automated multiple grey level segmentation using ZEISS Mineralogic 2D
image processing suite

improving your data quality.
Mapped Data Stitching
When a particle is not fully contained within afield of view, stitching of the particles is required
across multiple fields of view. The innovative
ZEISS approach offers full stitching accuracy
beyond that offered by simple particle alignment,
which is very dependent on stage repeatability
and beam calibration. ZEISS Mineralogic 2D stitching enables recombination of fragments to provide precise and accurate measurement and classification of grains and particles. Simply enable
data stitching and ZEISS Mineralogic will auto-

14 Mineral particles

14 Mineral particles

matically stitch the overlapping boundary particles
and ensure data integrity across the measurement of chemistry, particle size, grain size, andall dependent parameters.

Stitching of mineral particle data across multiple fields of view ensures accurate textural information and avoids skewing of data whenanalyzing large particles

8Mineralogic 2D: Your Insight into the Technology Behind It›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Mineral Classifications

Element Ratios

Morphochemical and LithologicalUse elemental ratios to easily differentiate

Classification

Standards-based Quantitative EDX

minerals in a same mineral group, thus efficiently

Use high resolution images in combination with

Measure the chemical composition of each pixel

dealing with solid solutions.

chemical and morphological analyses to create

and assign mineralogy independently of beammorphochemical classifications that describe

conditions using spectral deconvolution calibrated

BSE Onlymineral textural features. Combine chemical andwith certified reference materials.

For high speed mineral classification, use themorphochemical classifications with particle

calibrated BSE detector to identify mineralsmorphology to create lithological classifications

at the speed and resolution of imaging.

that help describe texture and permit rapidStandardless Quantitative EDX
Measure the chemical composition of eachparticle and ore-type classification.

pixel and assign mineralogy independently of
beam conditions with spectral deconvolution
based on calibration to a known element’s
energy peak and intensity.
Assigned Compositions
Import high precision, trace element data froman external data source and assign elemental
abundances to mineral definitions.
Example BSE image of a lithium-bearing silicate mineral

Lithology

NumberArea %

Weight %Carbonate
Silicate

Carbonates
GangueClean
Roanikite

Dirty
Roanikite

Example classified image showing a clear mosaic texture

FeldsparsMica

SulfidesRoanikite
SulfidesOthersPore

Mosaic

64

4.33

4.01

3.03

2.53

93.07

0.52

0.00

0.58

0.26

0.00

0.00

2.87

Disseminated

3165

23.88

22.52

40.76

23.46

0.00

2.90

0.00

5.57

1.03

26.15

0.12

33.87

Gangue11521

Remaining Particles 492
Sample

67.74

69.17

64.36

34.33

0.00

0.15

0.00

0.57

0.00

0.00

0.58

5.13

4.05

4.29

48.03

29.67

0.00

0.00

0.00

1.64

19.57

0.00

1.09

6.43

15242

Quantification of different lithologies present in the sample.

9Mineralogic 2D: Your Insight into the Technology Behind It›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Analytical Measurement Modes

Spot Centroid

Feature Scan

Individual grains are identified and their mineral-

Individual grains are identified and their

Full Mapping

ogy assigned by an EDX analysis atmineralogy assigned by quantitative EDX while

Perform quantitative EDX mapping of a sample

the center of the grain.

the electron beam rasters over the grain.

Line Scan

Phase of Interest Search

A quantitative EDX analysis is performed at

Identify grains of interest through image

Fast Scana user-defined spacing along a line throughprocessing and map them and any associatedIndividual grains are identified and multiple

the center of a particle to build-up a fastgrains rapidly.

spots are analyzed across the grain to provide

bulk composition of the sample.

at a user-defined spacing to build up a detailed
map of your sample.

a rapid average composition of the grain.

High resolution map of a PGE-rich podiform chromite prospect
Courtesy of Dr. Chris Brough and University of Cardiff, Wales

Example of mapped line scan mode showing quantitative EDX
measurements across the center of each particle

Montage image of ZEISS Mineralogic 2D analysis of a gold-silver
hosting base metal sulfide vein
Courtesy of John Spratt, Natural History Museum, UK

10

Mineralogic 2D: Your Insight into the Technology Behind It
In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

View and Manage Your Results
Use the ZEISS Mineralogic 2D Explorer application
to browse and combine the results of youranalyses. Immediately at the end of the analysis
you can expect tabulated data on mineralogy, assay,
associations, liberation, lithology bulk data, lithology
chemistry, and lithology liberation. Further investi­
gation is possible with advanced filtering that allows
you to use any of the measured or calculated para­
meters to refine your data search. Click on a particle
of interest and the SEM will automatically drive toit and provide a live image. Automatically separate
touching particles. Create large mineral maps and
BSD greyscale montages. With the remote license,
enjoy the convenience of modifying mineralclassifications and retrospectively re-analyzing
data offline for increased productivity.
Create Reports Effortlessly
Save time with the ZEISS Mineralogic 2D built-in
batch output tool: predefined filtered outputs can beexported automatically, while the SEM is still acqui­ring data. Alternatively, you can generate reports
from previously acquired data at your convenience.
Handle, Filter and Query Data
Merge replicate data and report as a single fraction.
Merge fractions to reconstitute the unsieved
material. The ZEISS Mineralogic 2D comprehensive
filtering and data querying engine allows you toprobe sample data like never before.

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D Explorer view of classified mineral particles of REE feed material

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D Explorer tabulated selection of particle
and grain data

Liberation of Chalcopryite

4
3.5

Mass Chalcopryite

›

100
<100

3

<90

2.5

<80
<70

2

<60

1.5

<50
<40

1

Lib

era

tio

n

<30

0.5

<20
<10

0
-300/+75-75/+20

MergedFraction

Mass versus liberation of chalcopyrite for 3 different size fractions of a recleaner feed in a copper flotation circuit

11

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D at Work›In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Mining Feasibility

Mineral Processing

High resolution mineral map. Ni-Cu ore, Fraser Mine, Sudbury.
Courtesy: University of Leicester, UK

Analysis of metals with ZEISS Mineralogic 2D. Gold mineralization in association with sulfide veining, in particular with sphalerite.
Courtesy of Prof. Simon Dominy, Curtin University, Australia

Mineral processing plant automated daily metallurgical reports.
Courtesy of iMIN Solutions.

12

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D at Work›In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Geoscience

Applied morphochemical classification to assess differences inmajor element chemistry between two distinct magnetite textures.
Courtesy of Prof. David A. Holwell, Applied Environmental
Geology, University of Leicester, U.K.

Quantitative calcium heatmap within an area of thin section
showing a zoned garnet from Glenelg, Scotland.

Mineralogic 2D scan of Scottish Lamprophyres showing feldspathic
inclusions with myrmekite exsolution of quartz in a mixed
feldspathic (plagioclase, albite and orthoclase) matrix.

Atlas-correlation of thin section photomicrographs andMineralogic 2D data to help classify magnetite textures.
Courtesy of Prof. David A. Holwell, Applied Environmental
Geology, University of Leicester, U.K.

Peralkaline Granite, Northern Quebec, Canada, containing rareearth elements, including a fluorite vein that crosscuts the
sample and zoned zircons.

Fully quantify elements to allow for both mineral identificationand major element geochemistry at once. This sample,
comprising clinochlore and chamosite, breaks down toMg (15.3%), Al (9.1%), Fe (11.7%), Si (14.2%), O (48.4%).

13

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D at Work›In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Verifying Raw Materials in Steelmaking

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D gives rapid automatedmineral association and liberation in the feed-

As steelmaking becomes more concentrated at

on-site quantification of process inputs, beneficia-

stock, including contaminants and minor elements,

large efficient facilities, economies of scale aretion agents, refractories and slag. Fast and accurate

optimizes the cleanliness and productivity of

exhausted and producers must look for incremen-

determination of the composition, grain size,

steelmaking and other primary metallurgy.

BSE image of sample. Differences in the brightness of the grey
levels indicate variations in the concentrations of Fe, Al, Ca, Si
and P across the sample

Mineralogic 2D analysis of pre-processed Fe-ore displaying
variability in the mineralogy and the chemical compositionof the sinter products

Al concentration map extracted from Mineralogic 2D analysis,
grading from 0% (white) to >37wt% (darkest green)

Ca concentration map extracted from Mineralogic 2D analysis,
grading from 0% (white) to >45% (darkest blue)

tal gains in yield and purity in the steelmaking
process.
Accurate characterization of minerals and intermediates enables maximal understanding of theiron ore, sinter, coke, and flux fed to primary
steelmaking furnaces. This insight allows steelmakers and other metals producers to perform
extractive metallurgy, with optimal resource efficiency through better understanding and tuning
the chemistry of the reaction in their furnaces.

Fe concentration map extracted from Mineralogic 2D analysis,
grading from 0% (white), 0.1wt% (pink) to 50 wt% (yellow) to>60% (green)

14

Your Flexible Choice of Systems›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

ServiceZEISS Mineralogic is available on the ZEISS SEM (Mineralogic 2D) and on ZEISS X-ray systems (Mineralogic 3D). Mineralogic 2D combines a scanning electron
microscope with one or more EDS detectors and a mineral analysis engine – all controlled and operated from a single user interface. You can use all standard
sample types, including stubs, geological slides and core cuttings.
ZEISS Mineralogic 3D is available on ZEISS Xradia Versa XRM or ZEISS Xradia Context microCT, with flat panel detectors, and combines deep learningalgorithms with cutting edge classification and measurement capability. Choose the ZEISS platform that best suits your applications.
ZEISS EVO for 24/7 Ore Process Control

ZEISS Sigma and GeminiSEM forZEISS Xradia Context and Versa for

ZEISS EVO is the industry-standard platform forHighly Detailed Analysis

High Throughput and Shorter Time

automated mineralogy and is in operation world-

ZEISS Sigma is a Schottky thermal emitter

to Results

wide in mineral processing laboratories. ZEISSthat combines a high brightness source withRelying on ZEISS’s best-in-class imaging,

EVO’s column isolation valve allows fast sample

high stability, improving your time to result.

combined with machine learning, ZEISS Xradiatransfer and chamber pump down, making it

By exploiting ZEISS Sigma’s exceptional imaging

Context and ZEISS Xradia Versa X-ray systems

the ideal SEM for 24/7 ore processing. Choose

capabilities, you can distinguish minerals ofoffer a simple workflow, devoid of the intricacies

between three chamber sizes – 10, 15 or 25 –similar average atomic weight by greyscaleof sample preparation for 2D analyses, resulting

to get the right system for your application.

alone (0.07 atomic mass unit resolution). Thanks

in a vastly reduced time to actionable information.

Use ZEISS EVO in variable pressure mode forto the unique ZEISS Gemini lens design, theEnhanced with ZEISS DeepRecon Pro and making

easy analysis of uncoated samples, shortening

ZEISS Sigma family leads the field in terms offull use of the ZEISS Xradia flat panel technology

your time to result. Add ZEISS Atlas 5 to correlate

solid angle for maximum sample throughput.

adds further flexibility and ensures full sample

data with optical and X-ray microscopy.

Add ZEISS Atlas 5 to correlate data withimaging and fast throughput.

optical and X-ray microscopy.

15

Your Goals Realized with Maximum Efficiency›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Segmentation and Measurement
ZEISS Intellesis offers powerful machine learning
segmentation of multidimensional images.
Compatible with the entire range of ZEISS
materials microscopes, automated Intellesis
segmentation removes user bias and speeds uptime to results. When combined with ZEN image
analysis, they provide automated petrographicalanalysis.

Sandstone compound image. Each pixel's carrier informationof the brightfield transmitted light image and of the correlated
polarized image.

Intellesis-segmented image displaying grain and mineralsegmentation

Region Classification
A

Count [#]
B

Area...
C

1

Statistics pore

4,013

19.53

2

Statistics qz

6,724

69.93

3

Statistics mica

15,545

7.74

4

Statistics brown high relief

1,465

0.63

5

Statistics calcite

1,623

0.39

6

Statistics opaques

850

1.05

Modal mineralogy directly developed from the Intellesis machine learning segmentation of the sample

16

Expand Your Possibilities›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Correlative Image Viewing
with ZEISS Atlas 5

Correlate the Following Image Types

With ZEISS Atlas 5 you can compare and correlate•

data from any ZEISS microscope system. Combine
images from the same region of interest acquired

Entire thin sections imaged with the
ZEISS Axioscan 7 slide scanner•

Reflected and transmitted polarizedwith optical, electron, ion and X-ray microscopes.

images from a light microscope suchZEISS Atlas 5 is your disruputive technology for

as ZEISS Axio Imager 2

correlative data interaction in mining and geoscience.

••

Secondary electron, backscatter and catho-

Mineral maps from a petrological analyzer
such as ZEISS Mineralogic•

3D datacubes from an X-ray microscope suchas ZEISS Xradia Versa and ZEISS Xradia Ultra•

3D datacubes from a FIB-SEM such as the
ZEISS Crossbeam series

doluminescence images from a scanningelectron microscope such as ZEISS EVO,ZEISS Sigma, and ZEISS GeminiSEM

Click here to view this video

17

Expand Your Possibilities

Raman spectroscopy distinguishes minerals basedon their vibrational spectrum. It is able to identify
minerals with identical chemical composition, butdiffering crystal structure such as rutile and anatase (both TiO2).

200

300
400
500
Relative Wave Numbers (cm-1)

600

700

Abalone shell – (A) RISE image of a polished cross-section reveals the layered structure of the nacre (mother-of-pearl). It consists of aragonite, a crystal form of calcium carbonate. (B) Raman spectra can enable the differentiation of crystal orientations (blue / red) revealing theanisotropy of the aragonite phase

ZEISS Mineralogic 2D and WiTec’s RISE Ramansystem are in use in mineral research laboratories
around the world answering the most challenging
applications questions concerning Earth and thesolar system.
A

B

C
3000
2000
CCD cts
1000
0
-1000

Service

3200›

CCD cts
1600
2400

Systems

800›

correlated Raman-automated mineralogy system.

0

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)

Raman vibrational spectroscopy to achieve a

3000

›

Enhance your automated mineralogy system with

2000

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)

CCD cts
1000›

Raman RISE Microscopy

0

In Brief

-1000

›

200

400

600
800
1000
1200
Relative Wave Numbers (cm-1)

1400

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400
Relative Wave Numbers (cm-1)

Iron mineralogy – (A) In the SEM image a piece of hematite (Fe2O3) shows some structural characteristics. (B) Hematite and goethite (FeO[OH]) in several crystal orientations were identified from their Raman
spectra. Crystal forms of hematite are depicted in red, green, orange and pink; those of goethite in light blue and cyan. From the spectra, a Raman image was generated. (C) Correlation of Raman and SEM data
resulted in the RISE image.

18

Expand Your Possibilities›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Integrate EDX, WDX and µ-XRF
ZEISS Mineralogic 2D allows you to combine
EDX and WDX data in a single application for
maximum flexibility. Spatial data correlation is
automatically guaranteed.
Mineralogic 2D offers the choice of Bruker
or Oxford detectors and fully licensed Esprit or
Aztec software. This allows the system to be
used for standalone SEM-EDX work, imaging,and quantitative automated mineralogy.
Upgrade your SEM with WDX or µXRF andexperience a completely integrated EDX-WDXµXRF analytical SEM.
WDX extends your analytical detection limit to
10 ppm and allows precise assigned mineralcompositions to be inserted into Mineralogic 2D
for probe-quality measurements.
µXRF provides rapid bulk elemental quantificationand high sensitivity, particularly of heavy elements,
down to 10 ppm. SEM – µXRF removes the needfor a standalone uXRF system.

Zoned garnet from Glenelg, Scotland. The geochemical variation charts the rapid burial of these rocks to higher pressures.
Making multiple observations from a single SEM dataset streamlines geological research.
Clockwise from top left, BSD image, Mineralogic 2D mineral map, Fe concentration map, and Ca concentration map.

19

Expand Your Possibilities›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Correlation to LA-ICP-MS
ZEISS Mineralogic 2D includes a correlative workflow between the automated quantitative mineralogy
system and laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS). ZEISS and ESI havecollaborated to provide a seamless automated workflow between ZEISS Mineralogic 2D and the laser ablation system that incorporates a common correlative sample holder. Use the standards-based analyses from
Mineralogic 2D for mass balance and simply select your ICP-MS system of choice to experience traceelement detection levels with complete confidence in the location of your laser spot.
Take the output of the LA-ICP-MS and insert trace element concentrations of minerals directly into
Mineralogic 2D to automatically report trace element assay.
Applications include indicator mineral searching for mineral exploration, zircon dating for geochronology,
and quantification of refractory gold in deportment studies.

ESI Lasers NWR213 ablation laser accepts direct
outputs from ZEISS Mineralogic 2D. With a spot sizeof 4 µm, this Nd:YAG laser has a repetition rate of 20 Hz
and is ideally suited to analyze earth science samples
from hard rock ores to zircons and beyond.

For further information, scan this QR code
to download our correlative white paperusing LA-ICP-MS

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Expand Your Possibilities›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

ServiceZEISS Mineralogic Portfolio for Natural Resource
From field-deployable to lab-based high-resolution analysis, and widefield to nanoscale market leading contextual analysis,
ZEISS offers you the widest range of imaging solutions for natural resources.
Choose from light, X-ray, electron, and ion microscopes to yield the most information from your mineralogy samples.

Automated Petrography

3D Ore Knowledge

Leading with Machine Learning

Leading with Deep Learning Algorithms

Petrology / Geochemistry

Isotope Chem

Market Leading Analytical Resolution

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System Requirements›

In Brief›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)›

Systems›

Service

Mineralogic 2D
Scanning Electron Microscope choices

ZEISS GeminiSEMZEISS Sigma FE-SEM

Detector Options

Oxford Ultim Max or Bruker EDS detectors

Software Required

Mineralogic 2D

Recommended Option

ZEISS EVO CSEM

Second EDS detector

Mineralogic 3D
X-ray microscope selections

ZEISS Xradia Versa 510, 610, 620

ZEISS Xradia Context microCTZEISS Xradia CrystalCT

Flat panel extension (FPX)
4× (optional)

Flat panel included

Flat panel included

Detectors
Software Required

Mineralogic 3D; DeepRecon Pro; Scout-and-Scan; ZEN Intellesis

Software (optional)

ORS Dragonfly Pro

X-ray system feature compatibility

Max Power

Flat Panel (FPX)

Objective Detectors

Mineralogic 3D

Autoloader

Automated Filter Changer

Xradia Context microCT

10W

Xradia 510 Versa

10W

Included

N/A

Compatible

Compatible

No

OptionDefault

Compatible

Compatible

No

Xradia 610 Versa
Xradia 620 Versa

25W

OptionDefault

Compatible

Compatible

No

25W

OptionDefault

Compatible

Compatible

Yes

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ZEISS Service – Your Partner at All Times

Your microscope system from ZEISS is one of your most important tools. For over 170 years, the ZEISS brandand our experience have stood for reliable equipment with a long life in the field of microscopy. You cancount on superior service and support - before and after installation. Our skilled ZEISS service team makes›

In Brief

sure that your microscope is always ready for use.

›

Mineralogic 3D (XRM)›

Mineralogic 2D (SEM)

Procurement›

Systems›

Service

Operation• Lab Planning & Construction Site Management• Predictive Service Remote Monitoring• Site Inspection & Environmental Analysis• Inspection & Preventive Maintenance• GMP-Qualification IQ/OQ• Software Maintenance Agreements• Installation & Handover• Operation & Application Training• IT Integration Support• Expert Phone & Remote Support• Startup Training• Protect Service Agreements• Metrological Calibration• Instrument Relocation• Consumables• Repairs

New Investment• Decommissioning• Trade In

Retrofit• Customized Engineering• Upgrades & Modernization• Customized Workflows via APEER

Please note: Availability of services depends on product line and location>> www.zeiss.com/microservice

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Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH07745 Jena, Germany
microscopy@zeiss.com
www.zeiss.com/mineralogic
EN_42_011_135 | CZ 02-2022 | Release 4.2 | Design, scope of delivery and technical progress subject to change without notice. | © Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbHNot for therapeutic use, treatment or medical diagnostic evidence. Not all products are available in every country. Contact your local ZEISS representative for more information.