GSTC Industry Criteria
Version 3
21 December 2016
with

Performance indicators
For Hotels and Accommodations
andcorresponding SDGs

© The Global Sustainable Tourism Council, 2016, All Rights Reserved
The Global Sustainable Tourism Council
PO Box 96503 - #51887
Washington, DC 20090 USA
info@gstcouncil.org
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

Preamble
The Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC) Criteria were created to provide a common understanding throughout theworld of “sustainable tourism” and are the minimum that any tourism business should aspire to reach. They are organizedaround four main themes: effective sustainability planning, maximizing social and economic benefits for the local
community, enhancing cultural heritage, and reducing negative impacts to the environment. They have applicability to
the entire tourism industry.
The Criteria have been developed and revised while striving to adhere to the Standard-Setting Code of the ISEAL Alliance,
the body recognized to provide guidance on international norms for developing sustainability standards in all sectors. The
Criteria are revised every 3 to 5 years. Plans for revisions plus advance sign-up for public input into future revisions areavailable on www.gstcouncil.org. The website also provides information on the process and history of the Criteria
development.
Some of the uses of the criteria include the following:• Serve as the basis for certification for sustainability• Serve as basic guidelines for businesses of all sizes to become more sustainable, and help businesses choosesustainable tourism programmes that fulfill these global criteria• Provide greater market access in the growing market for sustainable products, serving as guidance both fortravellers and for travel agencies in choosing suppliers and sustainable tourism programmes• Help consumers identify sound sustainable tourism programmes and businesses• Serve as a common denominator for information media to recognize sustainable tourism providers• Help certification and other voluntary programmes ensure that their standards meet a broadly-accepted baseline• Offer governmental, non-governmental, and private sector programmes a starting point for developing
sustainable tourism requirements• Serve as basic guidelines for education and training bodies, such as hotel schools and universities• Demonstrate leadership that inspires others to act
The Criteria indicate what should be done, not how to do it or whether the goal has been achieved. This role is fulfilled by
performance indicators, associated educational materials, and access to tools for implementation, all of which are an
indispensable complement to the GSTC Criteria.

Criteria Application
It is recommended that all criteria be applied to the greatest extent practical, unless for a specific situation the criterion
is not applicable and this is justified. There may be circumstances in which a criterion is not applicable to a specific tourism
product, given the local regulatory, environmental, social, economic or cultural conditions. In the case of micro andcommunity-owned tourism businesses which have a small social, economic and environmental footprint, it is recognizedthat limited resources may prevent comprehensive application of all criteria. Further guidance on these criteria may befound from the supporting indicators and glossary, published by the GSTC.

2
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

Performance Indicators
The performance indicators presented here are designed to provide guidance in measuring compliance with the GSTC
Criteria for Hotels.
This draft set of indicators will be updated periodically, as new information is developed. If you would like to suggest new
indicators or other improvements, please send your suggestions to accreditation@gstcouncil.org.

Combined Indicators and Criteria
This document contains the Criteria and the Performance Indicators.

GSTC INDUSTRY CRITERIA FOR HOTELS
Criteria

Indicators

SECTION A: Demonstrate effective sustainable managementa.

A1 Sustainability management system
The organization has implemented a long-termsustainability management system that is suitable toits size and scope, addresses environmental, social,
cultural, economic, quality, human rights, health,safety, risk and crisis management issues and drives
continuous improvement.

b.
c.
d.
e.

a.

A2 Legal compliance
The organization is in compliance with all applicable
local, national and international legislation andregulations including, among others, health, safety,
labour and environmental aspects.

b.

The Sustainability Management System is clearly
documented.
The SM System covers environmental, social, cultural,
economic, quality, human rights, health and safety issues.
The SM System includes consideration of risk and crisis
management.
Documentary evidence shows implementation of the SM
system.
The SM System includes a process for monitoring
continuous improvement in sustainability performance.
An up to date list of all applicable legal requirements ismaintained.
Certificates or other documentary evidence showcompliance with all applicable legal requirements.

3
www.gstcouncil.org

SDGs

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotelsa.

A3 Reporting and communication
The organization communicates its sustainability
policy, actions and performance to stakeholders,
including customers, and seeks to engage theirsupport.

b.
c.

a.

A4 Staff engagement
Staff are engaged with development andimplementation of the sustainability management
system and receive periodic guidance and training
regarding their roles and responsibilities in its
delivery.

b.
c.

d.

a.

A5 Customer experience
Customer satisfaction, including aspects ofsustainability, is monitored and corrective action
taken.

b.
c.
a.

A6 Accurate promotion
Promotional materials and marketing
communications are accurate and transparent withregard to the organization and its products andservices, including sustainability claims. They do notpromise more than is being delivered.
A7 Buildings and infrastructure
Planning, siting, design, construction, renovation,
operation and demolition of buildings andinfrastructure…

b.

Regular reports are made available on sustainability
performance.
Sustainability policies and actions are reported in external
and internal communication material.
Communications contain messages inviting consumer andstakeholder support.

Evidence is available of staff involvement with the SM
System.
Records of courses and on-the-job training, withattendance levels, are available.
Staff training and guidance materials are available inaccessible format (including use of minority languages
where needed).
Staff hold certificates and qualifications in relevant
disciplines/skills.

A customer feedback system is in place, together withanalysis of the results.
Negative feedback and responses made to this arerecorded.
There is evidence of corrective actions taken.
Images used in promotion are of actual experiences offered
and facilities provided.
Sustainability claims are based on records of past
performance.

Indicators for A7 criteria relate to the buildings andinfrastructure associated with the accommodation beingcertified

4
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

A7.1 Compliancea.

…comply with zoning requirements and laws related
to protected and sensitive areas and to heritage
considerations.

b.
c.

A7.2 Impact and integritya.

…take account of the capacity and integrity of thenatural and cultural surroundings.

b.

c.
d.
e.

f.

g.
h.

A7.3 Sustainable practices and materialsa.

…use locally appropriate and sustainable practices
and materials.

b.

c.

d.

e.

Awareness of, and compliance with, laws relating to land
use and activities in the local area is demonstrated.
All required licences and permits are up to date.
Awareness of, and compliance with, non-statutory area
management plans and guidance (e.g. for particular zones,
design, etc.), is demonstrated.

Site selection, design and access have taken account ofvisual amenity, landscape, cultural and natural heritage.
Site selection, design and access have taken account of theprotection of biologically sensitive areas and theassimilative capacity of ecosystems.
The integrity of archaeological, cultural heritage, andsacred sites has been preserved.
The integrity and connectivity of natural sites andprotected areas has been preserved.
Threatened or protected species have not been displaced
and impact on all wildlife habitats has been minimized andmitigated.
Water courses/catchments/wetlands have not been alteredand run-off is reduced where possible and any residue iscaptured or channeled and filtered.
Risk factors (including climate change, natural phenomena,and visitor safety) have been assessed and addressed.
Impact assessment (including cumulative impacts) has been
undertaken and documented as appropriate.
Local materials, practices and crafts have been used inbuildings and design where practicable and appropriate.
Native and endemic plants obtained from sustainablesources have been used in landscaping and decoration,
avoiding exotic and invasive species.
Plants have been selected for their ability to tolerateprevailing or anticipated conditions eg drought tolerant
plantsSustainable design, materials and construction practices
have been used in buildings, with appropriate certification
where possible.
Waste from construction is sorted and disposed of in anenvironmentally sound manner.

5
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

A7.4 Access for alla.

…provide access and information for persons withspecial needs, where appropriate.

b.
c.

A8 Land, water, and property rights
Acquisition by the organization of land and waterrights and of property is legal, complies with local
communal and indigenous rights, including theirfree, prior and informed consent, and does not
require involuntary resettlement.

a.
b.
c.

d.

a.

A9 Information and interpretation
The organization provides information about andinterpretation of the natural surroundings, local
culture, and cultural heritage, as well as an
explanation of appropriate behaviour while visiting
natural areas, living cultures, and cultural heritage
sites.

b.
c.

A10 Destination engagementa.

The organization is involved with sustainable
tourism planning and management in thedestination, where such opportunities exist.

b.

c.

Sites, buildings and activities are accessible to persons withphysical disabilities and other special needs, as appropriate
to the nature of the operation.
Clear and accurate information is provided on the level ofaccessibility.
Accessibility is certified or checked with relevant
experts/user bodies.

Land ownership and tenure rights are documented.
User and access rights for key resources, including land andwater, are documented where applicable.
There is documentary evidence of communication,
consultation and engagement with local and indigenous
communities.
Evidence of free, prior and informed consent of local
communities is documented, where relevant (showing no
involuntary resettlement or land acquisition).

Information/interpretation material about the natural andcultural heritage of the local area is available and provided
to customers.
Staff are informed and trained about the natural andcultural heritage of the local area.
Information is provided to customers about appropriate
behaviour in the local area.

The organization is a member of the local Destination
Management Organization or equivalent body, where suchan organization exists.
The organization participates in partnerships between local
communities, NGOs and other local bodies where these
exist.
The organization participates in planning and management
meetings and activities concerning sustainable tourism inthe destination.

6
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

SECTION B: Maximize social and economic benefits to the local community and minimize
negative impactsa.

B1 Community support
The organization actively supports initiatives for
local infrastructure and social community
development. Examples of initiatives include
education, training, health and sanitation andprojects which address the impacts of climatechange.

b.
c.

a.

B2 Local employment
Local residents are given equal opportunities for
employment and advancement, including inmanagement positions.

b.

c.

a.

B3 Local purchasing
When purchasing and offering goods and services,
the organization gives priority to local and fair tradesuppliers whenever these are available and of
sufficient quality.

b.

c.

The organization engages with the local community in
identifying needs and opportunities for support andevaluating their potential benefit/impact.
The level and nature of contributions made to schemes in
the local community is recorded.
The local community is offered the opportunity to accessthe tourism facilities and services provided.

The proportion of total employment from persons alreadyresiding in the local community is measured and managed.
The proportion of employment in management positions
from persons already residing in the local community ismeasured and managed.
Training is offered to local residents to enhance theiremployment opportunities.

The organization regularly audits its sources of supply of
goods and services.
The proportion of goods and services purchased fromlocally owned and operated businesses is measured andmanaged.
The proportion of non-locally owned or operated suppliers
that are fair trade is measured and managed.

7
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotelsa.

B4 Local entrepreneurs
The organization supports local entrepreneurs in thedevelopment and sale of sustainable products andservices that are based on the area’s nature, history
and culture.

b.

c.

a.

B5 Exploitation and harassment
The organization has implemented a policy againstcommercial, sexual or any other form of exploitationor harassment, particularly of children, adolescents,
women, minorities and other vulnerable groups.

b.
c.
d.
e.

a.

B6 Equal opportunity
The organization offers employment opportunities,
including in management positions, without
discrimination by gender, race, religion, disability orin other ways.

b.

c.

Locally owned businesses are given access to premises andcustomers for commercial activity.
Where appropriate, the organization provides advice andsupport to local service providers with whom it engages, on
the quality and sustainability of their service.
Opportunities for joint ventures and partnerships with local
entrepreneurs are considered and pursued whereappropriate.

The organization has a documented policy against
exploitation and harassment of vulnerable groups.
Action is taken to communicate and implement the policy.
The organization engages with the local community inworking against exploitation and harassment.
Records of employee ages are kept and show absence ofany form of child labour (as defined by ILO).
The organization supports action against child sex tourism.

The organization has identified groups at risk of
discrimination, including women and local minorities.
The proportion of employees drawn from each of thesegroups is monitored and is commensurate with local
demographics.
Internal promotion includes members of these groups.

8
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotelsa.

B7 Decent work
Labour rights are respected, a safe and secure
working environment is provided and employees
are paid at least a living wage. Employees areoffered regular training, experience andopportunities for advancement.

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.

a.

B8 Community services
The activities of the organization do not jeopardize
the provision of basic services, such as food, water,energy, healthcare or sanitation, to neighbouringcommunities.

b.
c.

a.

B9 Local livelihoods
The activities of the organization do not adversely
affect local access to livelihoods, including land andaquatic resource use, rights-of-way, transport andhousing.

b.

The organization demonstrates awareness of, andcompliance with, international labour standards andregulations.
Wage levels are monitored and regularly reviewed against
national norms for a living wage.
Training records are kept for all staff, showing the level andfrequency of training received.
Employee contracts show support for health care and social
security.
Water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are provided for all
onsite workers.
Employee satisfaction is monitored.
An employee grievance mechanism is in place.

The organization monitors its impact on the availability of
local services.
A communication/feedback/grievance mechanism is inplace for local communities.
Any reduction in availability of basic services to local
communities, identified as the result of the organization’s
activities, is addressed.

Local access to livelihoods is considered in decisions aboutdevelopment and operations.
A communication mechanism is in place for local
communities to report any instance of reduced access tolocal livelihoods.

9
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

SECTION C: Maximize benefits to cultural heritage and minimize negative impactsa.

C1 Cultural interactions
The organization follows international and national
good practice and locally agreed guidance for the
management and promotion of visits to indigenous
communities and culturally or historically sensitivesites in order to minimize adverse impacts andmaximize local benefits and visitor fulfilment.

b.

c.
d.

a.

C2 Protecting cultural heritage
The organization contributes to the protection,
preservation and enhancement of local properties,
sites and traditions of historical, archaeological,
cultural and spiritual significance and does not
impede access to them by local residents.
C3 Presenting culture and heritage
The organization values and incorporates authentic
elements of traditional and contemporary local
culture in its operations, design, decoration, cuisine,or shops, while respecting the intellectual property
rights of local communities.

b.
c.

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.

C4 Artefacts
Historical and archaeological artefacts are not sold,traded or displayed, except as permitted by local
and international law.

b.
c.

The organization demonstrates awareness of, andcompliance with, existing international, national and local
good practice and guidance for tourist visits to cultural sites
and indigenous communities.
The organization engages with communities/sites inreviewing guidance and creating and agreeing additionalguidelines as necessary.
Guidelines are effectively used and communicated.
Particular measures are in place to avoid inappropriate
interaction with children.

The organization makes and records monetarycontributions to the protection of cultural heritage.
The organization provides in-kind or other support for
cultural heritage.
Provision is made for local access to sites.

Local art/craft is reflected in design and furnishings.
Living cultural heritage and traditions are evident in cuisine,
retail, events and other services offered.
Copyright and intellectual property rights have been
observed and necessary permissions obtained.
The views of the local community have been sought on thepresentation of local cultural heritage.

Any use of artefacts is transparent and/or documented andreported.
Where artefacts are used, laws and bylaws have been
identified that permit such use.
Visitors are prevented from removing or damaging
artefacts.

10
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

Section D: Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts
D1 Conserving resources
D1.1 Environmentally preferable purchasing
Purchasing policies favour environmentally
sustainable suppliers and products, including capital
goods, food, beverages, building materials andconsumables.

a.
b.

c.

d.
a.

D1.2 Efficient purchasing
The organization carefully manages the purchasingof consumable and disposable goods, including
food, in order to minimize waste.

D1.3 Energy conservation
Energy consumption is measured by type and steps
are taken to minimize overall consumption. The
organization makes efforts to increase its use ofrenewable energy.

b.
c.

a.
b.
c.

d.
e.
f.

D1.4 Water conservation
Water risk is assessed, water consumption ismeasured by type, and steps are taken to minimize
overall consumption. Water sourcing is sustainable
and does not adversely affect environmental flows.
In areas of high water risk, context-based water
stewardship goals are identified and pursued.

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

f.
g.
h.

A documented environmental purchasing policy is in place.
Preference is given to products and suppliers withenvironmental certification – notably with respect to wood,
paper, fish, other foods, and products from the wild.
Where certified products and suppliers are not available,consideration is given to origin and methods of growing or
production.
Threatened species are not used or sold.
Purchasing favours reusable, returnable and recycledgoods.
Purchasing and use of consumable and disposable goods
are monitored and managed.
Unnecessary packaging (especially from plastic) is avoided,with buying in bulk as appropriate.
Total energy used is monitored and managed.
Energy used per tourist/night for each type of energy ismonitored and managed.
Renewable sources are favoured and the share of
renewable energy in total energy supply is monitored andmanaged.
Equipment and practices are used that minimize energy
use.
Goals for reducing energy consumption are in place.
Staff and guests are given guidance on minimizing energyuse.
Water risk has been assessed and documented.
Where water risk has been assessed as high, water
stewardship goals have been determined.
Water used per tourist/night per source is monitored andmanaged.
Equipment and practices are used that minimize water
consumption.
Water originates from a legal and sustainable source which
has not previously affected, and is unlikely in future toaffect, environmental flows.
Consideration is given to cumulative impacts of tourism in
the locality on water sources.
Goals for reducing water consumption are in place.
Staff and guests are given guidance on minimizing wateruse.

11
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

Section D: Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts
D2 Reducing pollutiona.

D2.1 Greenhouse gas emissions
Significant greenhouse gas emissions from all
sources controlled by the organization are
identified, calculated where possible andprocedures implemented to avoid or to minimize
them. Offsetting of the organization's remaining
emissions is encouraged.

b.
c.
d.

a.

D2.2 Transport
The organization seeks to reduce transportation
requirements and actively encourages the use ofcleaner and more resource efficient alternatives bycustomers, employees, suppliers and in its own
operations.

b.
c.
d.

a.

D2.3 Wastewater
Wastewater, including grey water, is effectively
treated and is only reused or released safely, withno adverse effects to the local population or theenvironment.

b.

a.

D2.4 Solid waste
Waste, including food waste, is measured,mechanisms are in place to reduce waste and,
where reduction is not feasible, to reuse or recycle
it. Any residual waste disposal has no adverse effecton the local population or the environment.

b.
c.
d.

Total direct and indirect greenhouse gas emissions aremonitored and managed.
Carbon Footprint per tourist/night is monitored andmanaged.
Actions are taken to avoid and reduce significant annual
emissions from all sources controlled by the organization.
Carbon offset mechanisms are used where practical.

Information is provided and promoted to customers on
alternative (climate friendly) transport options, for arrival,
departure and during their visit.
Alternative transport options (e.g. bike rental, car sharing,
pick-ups) for guests and staff are provided or facilitated.
Markets accessible by short and more sustainable transport
options are favoured.
Local suppliers are favoured and daily operations seek tominimize transport use.

Wastewater is disposed of to a municipal or government
approved treatment system, if available.
If suitable municipal wastewater treatment is not available,
there is a system in place on site to treat wastewater (thatmeets international wastewater quality requirements) andensures no adverse effects on the local population and theenvironment.

The amount of solid waste disposed per tourist/night ismonitored and managed.
A solid waste management plan is in place.
The solid waste management plan includes actions to
reduce, separate and reuse or recycle food waste.
Waste disposal is to a government run or approved facility
and there is evidence that the facility has no negative
impact on the environment or local population.

12
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

e.
f.

a.

D2.5 Harmful substances
The use of harmful substances, including pesticides,
paints, swimming pool disinfectants, and cleaningmaterials, is minimized, and substituted whenavailable by innocuous products or processes. All
storage, use, handling, and disposal of chemicals areproperly managed.

b.
c.
d.

a.

D2.6 Minimize pollution
The organization implements practices to minimize
pollution from noise, light, runoff, erosion, ozonedepleting substances, and air, water and soil
contaminants.

b.
c.

Solid waste disposed is measured by type and goals are inplace to minimize non-diverted solid waste.
Guidance is given to customers and staff on minimizing
waste.

An inventory of harmful substances has been made andmaterial safety data sheets (MSDS) are held.
Action has been taken to source more environmentallyfriendly alternatives.
Chemicals, especially those in bulk amounts, are stored andhandled in accordance with appropriate standards.
Visitors are informed about personal use of substances
which may be considered harmful to the local environment(such as toxic sunscreens and repellants).

The potential sources of pollution covered in the criterion
have been reviewed and identified.
The potential sources of pollution covered in the criterion
are monitored.
Action is taken to minimize and where possible eliminate
pollution from the sources covered in the criterion.

Section D: Maximize benefits to the environment and minimize negative impacts
D3 Conserving biodiversity, ecosystems and landscapesa.

D3.1 Biodiversity conservation
The organization supports and contributes tobiodiversity conservation, including throughappropriate management of its own property.
Particular attention is paid to natural protectedareas and areas of high biodiversity value. Any
disturbance of natural ecosystems is minimized,
rehabilitated and there is a compensatory
contribution to conservation management.

b.
c.
d.
e.

The organization demonstrates awareness of naturalprotected areas and areas of high biodiversity value.
The organization provides and records monetary support
for biodiversity conservation in the local area.
The organization provides and records in-kind or othersupport for biodiversity conservation in the local area.
The property is actively managed to support biodiversity
conservation.
The organization is aware of, and mitigates, activity withpotential to disturb wildlife and habitats.

13
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotels

f.
g.
h.

D3.2 Invasive species
The organization takes measures to avoid theintroduction of invasive species. Native species areused for landscaping and restoration whereverfeasible, particularly in natural landscapes.

a.
b.
c.
d.

a.

D3.3 Visits to natural sites
The organization follows appropriate guidelines forthe management and promotion of visits to naturalsites in order to minimize adverse impacts andmaximize visitor fulfilment.

b.
c.

a.

D3.4 Wildlife interactions
Interactions with free roaming wildlife, taking into
account cumulative impacts, are non-invasive andresponsibly managed to avoid adverse effects on
the animals concerned and on the viability andbehaviour of populations in the wild.

b.

c.

d.
e.

Compensation is made where any disturbance has
occurred.
Action is taken to encourage visitors to support biodiversity
conservation.
The organization engages with local conservation NGOs.
Sites are monitored for presence of any invasive species.
Action is taken to ensure invasive species are notintroduced or spread.
A programme is in place to eradicate and control invasive
species.
Landscaping of sites is reviewed to consider use of native
species.

The organization is aware of, and complies with, existing
guidelines for tourist visits to natural sites.
Guidelines are used when conducting visits and informing
guests.
The organization engages with local conservation bodies toestablish/identify issues concerning visits to particular sites.

The organization is aware of, and complies with, existing
local, national and international regulations and guidelines
concerning wildlife interactions, including wildlife viewing.
The organization engages with the development andimplementation of local codes and guidelines for wildlife
interactions, including wildlife viewing, as required, basedon advice of wildlife experts.
Direct interactions, in particular feeding, should not be
permitted, unless specifically sanctioned by internationallyaccepted standards or, where standards are not available,
guided by independent wildlife expert advice.
Measures are taken to minimize disturbance to wildlife.
Impacts on wildlife wellbeing are regularly monitored andaddressed.

14
www.gstcouncil.org

GSTC Criteria & Indicators
Industry – Hotelsa.

D3.5 Animal welfare
No species of wild animal is acquired, bred or held
captive, except by authorized and suitably equipped
persons and for properly regulated activities incompliance with local and international law.
Housing, care and handling of all wild and domestic
animals meets the highest standards of animal
welfare.

b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

a.

D3.6 Wildlife harvesting and trade
Wildlife species are not harvested, consumed,
displayed, sold, or traded, except as part of aregulated activity that ensures that their utilization
is sustainable, and in compliance with local andinternational laws.

b.

c.

The organization is aware of, and complies with, relevantlaws and regulations concerning captive wildlife.
Existing guidelines for specific tourism activities involving
captive wildlife are implemented.
Personnel responsible for captive wildlife have appropriatequalifications and experience and are fully licensed.
The organization is aware of, and complies with, relevantlaws and regulations concerning animal welfare.
There is regular inspection of conditions of captive wildlife
and their housing.
There is regular inspection of conditions of domestic
animals and their housing and handling.
The organization is aware of, and complies with, relevantlaws and regulations concerning wildlife harvesting andtrade.
Visitors are informed of regulations concerning wildlife
harvesting, consumption and trade and of the need to
avoid buying illegal products/souvenirs derived fromthreatened species of wildlife notified by IUCN or CITES.
Where hunting activity is legal, it forms part of ascientifically based, properly managed and strictly enforced
approach to conservation.

15
www.gstcouncil.org