Ａ

日

程

大

和

第

問

の 文の
の中から

1

～

15

A～D

に る最も適切なものを，そ7. According to the UN standards, a society

7senior citizens makeup more than 14% of the entire population is defined as an aging

選び，解答欄のその記号をマークしなさい。

society.
1. After graduating with a BA in music, she spent eight months

A. which

1

B. where

C. how

D. whenin a CD and DVD store as a cashier.
A. work

B. had worked

C. working

8. The universal primary education system

D. worked

8in Prussia byFrederick William in 1717.
2. If you have to leave class early, please let the instructor know
beforehand, and take your seat near the doors so as not to

2

A. was to establish

B. was established

C. was establishing

D. had establishedother students.
A. botherB. prevent

C. keep

D. disappoint

9. Black people account for about 12% of the US population, but

9only 3.2% of the senior leadership roles at large companies in the US.
3. Scientists have recently foundthat black holes probably exist

3

A. occupy

B. place

C. payD. accompany

at the core of nearly all galaxies.
A. evidence

B. cooperation

C. opposition

D. sympathy

10. Children who attend high-quality early childhood education programsare 20% more likely to graduate from high school than their

4. Data show that approximately 40,000 people have fallen

4

online shopping fraud this year.
A. moneyB. victim

A. peers
C. short

B. schools

C. teachers

D. children

D. demand

11. Part of the reason we suffer from poor self-esteem
5. A retired teacher donated his life5

A. thatB. interests

C. donations

B. is

C. which

12. The COVID-19 pandemic is
6

A. runningC. sayingD. as

California s longstanding housing

12

crisis even worse.

a word.
B. to saythat ourD. gatherings

6. We are constantly communicating with those around us, often without
A. say11

expectations do not match our reality.

of around 60 million yen toa local library.
A. savings

10

who do not.

to

B. makingC. paying

D. saving

D. we say－1－

13. To facilitate individualized instruction, classes are kept small with
13

第

問

eight to ten students per class.

A. more thanB. no more thanC. as many

D. as few

次の

成

る

16

に，

～

21

に

る最も適切なもの

を A ～ D の中から選び，解答欄のその記号をマークしなさい。

Rachel: Did you know that some languages use the same word to describe
the color of the sky and the color of grass?

14. Many believe that schools should be open for in-person learning this
fall,

14

Matt:

different colors.

not all kids are vaccinated.

A. even if

B. whether

C. despite

No, I didnʼt know that. To me, they look like two completely

D. regardless

Rachel: Thatʼs whatʼs so interesting about it. To speakers of thoselanguages, the colors look different, too, but they still use thesame word for both.

15. Clinical studies have found that consumption of a low-calorie dietmay maximize lifespans and contribute to disease15

A. preservation

D. perseverance

B. persuasion

C. prevention

.

Matt:

16

Rachel: Well, in the Kyrgz language, the word kok refers to both colors.
Matt:

When you think about it, itʼs incredible. No matter what linguistic
differences exist, everyone on Earth sees the same colors.

Rachel. Thatʼs true for the vast majority of people. However, there are17

A small percentage canʼt distinguish between colors in theway that most people can.
Matt:

Do you mean theyʼre color blind?

Rachel: Actually, the term color blind refers to the inability to see anycolors except shades of black and white. Very few people are truly
color blind. Itʼs more common to have whatʼs called color vision
deficiency.
Matt:

18

but could you explain something? In what way, exactly,is their vision deficient?
Rachel: Typically, people have difficulty telling shades of red and green
apart. For example, a tomato might appear to be the same color
as grass.
Matt:

Thatʼs hard to imagine.

color vision deficiency?

19

Rachel: The human eye has cells called rods and cones that enable us to－－Matt:

see the way we do. Rods allow us to see in low light, and cones

19. A. What results fromallow us to perceive various colors. But some people have fewer

B. What prevents

types of cones than the norm. Consequently, they are less able

C. What causes

toD. What protects

20

I ve never thought about not being able to see so many colors.
I guess we rely on our color vision every day, but we just

21

Rachel: Right. We don t even think about it when we decide what to wear
Matt:

20. A. unify colors.
B. differentiate colors.

or whether to stop or go at a traffic light.

C. see in the dark.

Exactly. No matter what we call the colors, being able to see themD. tolerate sunlight.

definitely has its advantages.
21. A. use it frequently.
B. see fewer colors.
C. consider it deeply.

16. A. Could you give me an example?

D. take it for granted.

B. Why do the colors look different?
C. What are the colors?
D. Do they speak the same language?

17. A. numerous similarities.
B. unexplainable differences.
C. frequent exemptions.
D. rare exceptions.

18. A. I d like to clarify that,
B. I think I follow you,
C. I think it s more common,
D. I didn t catch that,

第

問

次の文章

完成

る

に，

22

～

27

に

る最も適切なものof them died first, the other would hold a séance (a session during which
one attempts contact with a spirit) and try to attain communication

を A ～ D の中から選び，解答欄のその記号をマークしなさい。

through a coded message known only to themselves. Bess Houdini held
annual séances in her attempts to contact her dead husband, but wasHarry Houdini vs. the Psychics
Harry Houdini was the stage name of Erik Weisz (1874-1926), who

unsuccessful and gave up after ten years.

was born in Budapest, Hungary and moved to the US with his family inHarry Houdini was not the first stage magician to dispute the reality

1878. Houdini became world famous for performances in which he wouldof supposed supernatural powers, but was probably the most famous.

such as being chained inside of a large milk can filled with water,

Since his death, other magicians have made similar efforts, including

or being sealed into a weighted box which was thrown into the East

James Randi (also known as The Amazing Randi), who criticized Israeli

River in New York City. For one trick, he even escaped after being buried

psychic Uri Gellerʼs claims that he could bend spoons with the power ofalive. While such escapes must have seemed mysterious and superhuman,

his mind. Such

Houdinianytime soon.

22

23

supernatural about his tricks. In fact, in the 1920s one

27

psychics and magicians are unlikely to endof his main interests was proving that claims of the supernatural werefalse.
The era in which Houdini lived saw the growing popularity of fortune-

22. A. write interesting fictional stories

tellers and psychics, many of whom claimed to be able to help people

B. report incidents to the police

contact the spirits of their dead loved ones. For these services, theyC. get himself out of dangerous situations

generally charged money. Houdini went on a campaign to

D. try to prevent dangers to public safety24

He

considered their actions to be nothing more than cheating people out of
their money in exchange for fake spirit contacts.

23. A. repeatedly insisted there was something

As a professional magician, Houdini was familiar with the methods

B. often wondered whether there was anythingused to make it appear that someone had summoned a spirit, such as

C. asked friends if they saw somethinghidden devices. Exposing many psychics as fakes, he even went to

D. never claimed there was anything

Washington, DC to support the idea of passing a law to

25

their

activities, though the law was not adopted.
Houdini died in 1926 of a sudden illness.

24. A. prove their claims of psychic power were false.
26

his skeptical view

B. increasingly support the efforts of psychics.

toward the supernatural, he was still open to the possibility of life beyond

C. make psychics become stage magicians.

the grave, and the question of whether contact with the dead might be

D. contact the spirits of dead magicians.

possible. He and his wife Bess had promised one another that whichever
－

－

－

－

25. A. provide funding for

第B. strictly control

問

次の文章を読み，その内容に基づいてを完成させなさい。

成させるために，最も適切なものを

C. make films about

び，解答欄

28

D. occasionally write about

をる

26. A. Despite

33

～
で

A～O

を完

の中から選

のその記号をマークしなさい。

ませ。

Edgar Allan Poeʼs Fake News Story

B. Without

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was an American writer, editor, andC. Because ofliterary critic. An article by Poe, published in the New York newspaper
The Sun on April 13th, 1844, describes a balloon flight which carried eight

D. Ignoring

people across the Atlantic Ocean from Wales, UK, to South Carolina,
27. A. friendships among

USA, in 75 hours. In fact, the article was completely the product of Poeʼs

B. disputes between

imagination, and no such balloon flight had taken place. Poe applied his

C. performances withskill and imagination as a writer to produce what we might today call

D. documentaries aboutfake news.
Poeʼs article describes a steering balloon named the Victoria, equippedwith (by 19th century standards) very high-level technology. The pilot of theballoon was said to be Monck Mason; there was a real-life Irish balloonist
named Thomas Monck Mason. Such details helped make Poeʼs article
more believable, and there were many who believed it at the time. Newsof the balloon flight created a sensation, with Poe himself commentingthat he had never seen so many people so eager to buy a newspaper. Why
was there a public reaction of amazement?
Today one may fly between New York and London in under eight hours.
In 1844, however, crossing the Atlantic Ocean in an aircraft of any kindmust have seemed like a miracle of modern technology, with 75 hours
being incredibly fast. (The present-day equivalent might be news of aspacecraft traveling faster than light.) While balloon flights had beena reality since the 1700s, in 1844 there was no vehicle that could fly as
fast as what Poe described. The first flight of a dirigible (a balloon with－1 －an engine) wouldn t happen until 1852, and the first such craft werepossible Poe was trying to embarrass The Sun, or maybe he was justslow and impractical. The airplane wouldn t exist until 1903. Successful

having fun.

transatlantic flights began in 1919, and commercial airplane flights acrossthe Atlantic wouldn t begin until the 1930s.
So, why did Poe write a fake article and submit it to The Sun? Several

A. destined

B. occasionallyC. described

writers have suggested that Poe was angry at The Sun for publishing aD. concert

E. neverF. simultaneous

series of fake articles in 1835 describing the alleged discovery of human-

G. spring

H. advanced

I. convinced

like bat-winged people on the moon. Poe was convinced that the moon

J. belief

K. technology

L. transatlantic

people articles, written by journalist Richard Adams Locke, were based

M. pilot

N. stolen

O. fakeupon Poe s 1835 short story about a voyage to the moon, The Unparalleled
Adventure of One Hans Pfaall, which had appeared in the magazine
Southern Literary Messenger. In other words, Poe was convinced Locke
had stolen his idea, with Poe receiving no payment or credit. So perhaps
Poe was hoping to embarrass The Sun. Or perhaps, despite the dark andbrooding image of Edgar Allan Poe, he was a man with a sense of humor.
Summary
In April 1844, a news article by Edgar Allan Poe

a 75-hour28

balloon trip from Britain to America. The article was false; the balloon
trip

29

had veryhappened. Poe wrote of a balloon called the Victoria, which
30

technology for the time. The details he included, such as

the pilot s name, made the article seem truthful, and many people were
both

31

and eager to buy the newspaper. In 1844, a three-day flight

across the Atlantic would have seemed a technological miracle. Real-world
balloons with engines (called dirigibles) were still in the future, and32

flights wouldn t happen until the 20th century. As to why Poe wrote thearticle, one possible reason is that he believed a series of fake articles
previously published in The Sun was based on a short story he d written
about a trip to the moon, and so Poe felt his idea had been

33

. So it s
－1 －

第５問

次の文章を読み，その内容に基づいて

34までの英文を

that eating meat has on the heart. He begins his video by discussing

完成させるために最も適切なものをの中から選び，解答欄のそのtwo studies that both seem to show that red meat contributes to heart

～

～

39

disease. He points out, though, that these two studies on their own

記号をマークしなさい。

are not enough to prove, or even to give us a high degree of certainty,
Science and Certainty

that red meat is bad for us. One reason is that red meat is a very

Many of us turn to YouTube for advice on how to live. There are popular

general category that includes both processed meat like bacon and beef

videos, for example, about how to be more productive, or how to wakejerky and unprocessed meat like steak. These kinds of meats are veryup early, or what we should do after we wake up to set ourselves up fordifferent from each other and may affect us in different ways. To finda good day. And there are countless videos, many of them contradicting

out if and how they affect us, we need studies that show what happens

each other, about what we should and should not eat to be healthy.

when people eat different kinds of red meat. In fact, studies looking into

Among the most controversial foods is red meat (beef, lamb, and pork).

this have been done, and they seem to show that both processed andSome influencers say we should eat less red meat, or even that we

unprocessed red meat are bad for our hearts.

should eat no meat at all. Others say that we should eat a lot of meat

There is good evidence, then, that people who eat a lot of red meatbecause meat is so rich in protein and other nutrients. There are evensuffer more from heart disease than those who don t, but even so, it may

people who practice the carnivore diet and believe that one should

not be the red meat that is bad for their hearts. Maybe people who eat aavoid vegetables and eat all or mostly meat.

lot of red meat tend to do other things that are bad for their hearts like

When we watch these videos, how can we know which ones are

smoking cigarettes, drinking alcohol, and eating junk food. Maybe it strustworthy? Many of us will turn to videos made by people who are

not the meat, but these other things that meat-eaters do that are bad for

doctors or scientists, but this can be frustrating because science seldom

us. Thus, we need studies that separate these things out and look only

gives us final, definitive answers to our nutrition-related questions. Gil

at the effect of meat consumption. Such studies exist, and the results

Carvalho, a medical doctor and research scientist, reminds us in a video

still seem to suggest that meat is unhealthful, even for people who don tcalled Weʼre All Confused About Red Meat on his YouTube channel,

smoke, drink, or eat junk food.

Nutrition Made Simple, that the scientific process is not about certainty,

Remember, though, what we learned from Carvalho s video: Sciencebut about the gradual reduction of uncertainty. We may not be able tois not about certainty, but about the gradual reduction of uncertainty.

say with 100% certainty, for example, that eating meat (or any otherIndeed, as powerful as the studies done so far are, questions remain. Forfood) is bad for us. However, the right kind of research may allow us toexample, does it matter how much meat we eat? Maybe red meat only

say with some confidence (but not complete certainty) that a food is good

becomes bad for us when we eat too much of it. Or maybe grass-fed beef

or bad for us.

affects our hearts in different ways than beef from cows raised on grain.

In his video, Carvalho summarizes some of the research on the effects

Researchers are already looking into those questions. Will their results－ 13 －

prove that meat is bad for our hearts? No, but they might make us alittle less uncertain about what the effects of eating meat are.

38. The author points out that

38

A. people who eat a lot of junk food and smoke tend to eat less meat.
B. people who eat meat may do other things that are not good for theirhealth.

34. According to the author,

C. smoking, drinking alcohol, and eating junk food are worse for you than34

A. we should not get advice about nutrition from YouTube.
B. we should eat all or mostly meat.

eating meat.
D. eating less meat can help people cut down on smoking and drinking.

C. many YouTubers disagree about nutrition.

39. According to the author, science can

D. chicken and fish are kinds of red meat.

A. remove all questions.

35. People practicing the carnivore diet35

B. reduce the amount of meat we eat.

A. are more likely to eat a steak than a piece of bread.

C. help us decide what diet is healthier.

B. believe they need to eat a lot of vegetables.

D. prove that meat is bad for us.

C. don t eat meat because it has too much protein.
D. tend to avoid sites like YouTube.

36. According to the author,

36

A. the most trustworthy YouTubers are doctors and scientists.
B. Gil Carvalho thinks understanding red meat is simple.
C. YouTube videos by scientists and doctors can be frustrating.
D. Gil Carvalho is certain that meat is bad for us.

37. The problem with the two studies with which Carvalho begins hisvideo is that37

A. the subjects don t eat bacon and beef jerky.
B. processed and unprocessed meat may affect people differently.
C. eating processed meat is bad for your heart.
D. the subjects smoke, drink, and eat junk food.

39

リスニングテスト

トラック

これ
は

、英語のリスニングテストを います。このでは く、す て

では、

ます。

では聞

トラック 4

英語は 2 回 します。

〈

されています。
を いて下さい。

トラック 2は、の答え して
ートの 答

までの

われ

です。 れ れの いのを、 れ れのマークして下さい。

、 、 、 、 のは れ れ 回〈トラック 3

いて い

し、 の

を聞 、
、答えをマーク

で 20

の 答 間

ります。

seconds〉

Woman

Have

Man

No. I hardly ever watch movies.

Woman
Man
〈

〈

seconds〉〈Repeat〉〈20 seconds〉

トラック 5seconds〉

Woman

seconds〉〈

seconds〉〈

seconds〉

Woman
Man

wait for the light to change. They can just go.

Woman

Man:

Wow. That sounds dangerous.

Woman

Well, one study in Idaho showed that bicyclist injuries went down by 14.5 percent after the law was
passed in 1982Man

Try her cell number, if you have it.

〈Repeat〉

Man〈20 seconds〉

safe to go.

〈

seconds〉〈Repeat〉〈20 seconds〉

1

2

トラック 6Man〈seconds〉

her question motivated me.

Man

〈

Woman

leaves〈20 seconds〉

トラック 10Man

Yeah, but we have to walk for ten minutes from here to get to the station, and then we have to walk6〈

for another ten minutes to his office. The bus stop is only a five-minute walk from our house, andCome on! A little walk in the morning would be good for us. The train still sounds better to me.

〈Manare addicted.

〈20 seconds〉

トラック 7

これで、リスニングテストの

1は終わりです。

、リスニングテストの

Woman
2

を います。
〈

トラック 8

2

は、
す

5

7 までの

の 答 してわれ、答えをマーク ートの 答
答 間です。 れ れの い

いて いのを、 れ れの、 、 、 、 のマークして下さい。

は れ れ 回

し、 の

を聞 、

で 20

トラック 11のseconds〉〈

seconds〉

5

Woman

Last time I went to the doctor she asked me whether I exercised. You know me, I exercise a lot, so

Why only driverless cars? Did you know that in the US, about 30,000 people a year die inMan

verless cars.

〈

I hate it when the doctor asks me that, because I hardly ever exercise, and I feel guilty when I tellseconds〉

Manof course I said yes.

Woman

〈20 seconds〉

7〈〈

seconds〉〈Repeat〉

ります。

トラック 9Man

Well, the question is: Why do people start smoking? Maybe when they are young they think it is cool.

seconds〉〈Repeat〉のseconds〉

Woman

it stops right in front of his officeWoman

seconds〉〈Repeat〉

seconds〉〈Repeat〉〈20 seconds〉

3

4

講義の 2 回目を聞いてください。

トラック 12

これで、は終わりです。

、リスニングテストの〈Repeat〉

を います。

トラック 13

2 回目の講義 終わ てれ

〈2 seconds〉

トラック 15は、のを、 れ れの

までの

です。これ

2 分の いだで、までの英 を、 、 、 、 のさい。ではリスニングを

英語の講義

2 回 り されます。

さ、答えをマーク ートの 答

、ま

までの

を

講義は以上です。2 分間で答えをマークして下さい。
セリフなし 解答時間・・・2 分

わ
マークして下

これで、英語のリスニングテストを終わります。

で下さい。

〈30 seconds〉

トラック 14

れでは英語の講義を聞いて下さい。
〈

seconds〉

To be “off the grid” means to live without public services such as water or electricity supplied by utility companies.
For most people in the modern world, the idea of living in such a way is not very attractive. Most of us are comfortablewith having modern conveniences. It might seem surprising, then, that some people choose to live off the grid, and thataround the world there are a number of small communities of t

od for their
heating needs, and solar panels provide electricity for things like electric lighting and computers. They earn a living
through producing and selling fruits and vegetables as well as items such as jam, cider, and wine.
People choose to li

environment, or a means of stopping
hard work, but those who choose it say they are happier as a result.

〈seconds〉

5

6

２０２３年度試験

第1問

Listening Test

6.
A. Marlboro is the most popular brand.

Short Conversation

B. Nicotine isn t really addictive at all.

1. At the end of the conversation, how does the man feel about the
Idaho Stop?
A. He is strongly opposed to it.
B. He thinks it might be a good idea.
C. He believes other states may adopt similar laws.

C. They could smoke less than one pack a day.
D. That s easy to say, but a lot harder to do.

7.
A. People shouldn t use public transportation.

D. He thinks stop signs are dangerous.

B. Busses may continue to have drivers.
C. I m not so sure. Maybe it would be safer.

2. Which of the following statements is probably true about the man?

D. Thirty-thousand people drive cars.

A. He will watch the new Spielberg movie soon.
B. He hates Steven Spielberg movies.
C. He would rather read than listen to music.
D. He spends more time reading than watching movies.

3. What does the man suggest?
A. The woman should come to class.
B. The woman should visit her student.
C. The woman should call her student.
D. The woman should fail her student.

4. What does the woman want to do?

第3問

Lecture8. Living off the grid8

A. is common in the modern world.
B. results in high-tech amenities.

C. is something most people want.
D. includes no city water service.

9. The people of Tinker s Bubble

9

A. use a lot of gasoline.

A. Take the train.

B. aren t allowed to use solar panels.

B. Walk to the office.

C. can use electrical items.

C. Take the bus.

D. buy most of their fruits and vegetables.

D. Stop at the station.

10. People may choose such a lifestyle because they10

A. want to have less impact on the environment.
第2問

Conversation Completion

B. love to shop for fruits, vegetables, and jam.
C. wish to avoid living in the country.

5.

D. seek a life with no modern technology.
A. You started exercising every day, right?
B. You told her you don t exercise, right?
C. You hated it when she asked you that, right?
D. You should be honest when you talk to the doctor, right?

昭和女子大学