３月期

〈出典一覧〉
国語

遠藤周作「くらまの光り」（『古寺巡礼

国

語

稲村耕雄

『色彩論』一部改変

京都

27 鞍馬寺』所収）一部改変

淡交社
岩波書店

３月期

第１問

英語

下の各文の

1

7. Mt. Fuji,に入る最も適切なものを，それぞれ A ～ D

15

～

7

around the world as a symbol of Japan, is popularamong international tourists and climbers.

の中から一つ選び，解答欄のその記号をマークしなさい。

A. having known

B. knew

C. knows

D. known

1. A global report shows that the fastest-growing environmental concern
among consumers
A. arewater scarcity.

1

B. been

8. After World War II, Japan embraced a peaceful and anti-militarist

C. have been

identity as stipulated by its Constitution, which

D. isthe country

8

from going to war.
2. On December 17, 1945, the General Election Law

2

in Japan,A. refusesB. denies

C. prohibits

D. declines

granting voting rights to women in Japan for the first time in history.
A. which was revised

B. was revised

C. that revised

D. to be revised

9. The Japanese term oshi-katsu refers to
A. support

3. The3

9an idol, actor, character,or any other person or thing that one loves.
B. supported

C. supporting

D. supports

birthrate and aging population have caused problems

such as labor shortages and rising social security costs.
A. deceiving

B. declining

C. enlarging

10. A bilingual person is someone who is competent in two languages. A
trilingual person is competent in three languages. A plurilingual

D. expanding

person is someone who can use
4. “Global human resources” are often defined as individuals

A. more than

4

three languages.

10

B. fewer thanC. among

D. between

communicate well in foreign languages and work harmoniously withpeople from various cultural backgrounds.
A. whatB. which

11.

C. whothe amount of sleep you need varies with age, body type, and11

lifestyle, you need to determine for yourself how much sleep you

D. whomneed.
studying abroad will5

A. After

C. Since

D. Whether

B. excessive

12. Low-carbohydrate diets were reported to be effective in the

C. exceeding

A. good6

B. plainC. short

D. technical21に入る最も適切なもの

a pitcher and a hitter, recorded

期

6. Shohei Ohtani, who excels as

12term, but dieters tended to regain the weight they had lost.

D. exceed

15 wins and 34 home runs in the 2022 season.
A. bothB. eitherC. neither

D. none of

－1－

－2－

13. The study of second language acquisition covers the cognitive andsocial mechanisms and processes

13

第２問

people acquire a second

次の対話が成立するように，

16～

を A ～ D の中から選び，解答欄のその記号をマークしなさい。

language.
A. by which

B. in that

C. so that

Henry: Have you chosen your essay topic?

D. with whomJune:
countryʼs economic recovery would

14

June:

much more promptly.

B. be accomplishing

C. have accomplished

D. have been accomplishedYes. Itʼs agreed that plastic waste is bad for the environment,
16

Henry: What kind of disagreement?
June:

15. Positive thinkers who always believe that everything will

15

Well, for example, I found an article in which the writer argues
that while plastic is an environmental hazard,

inthe end are productive and likely to succeed in their daily work andIn his17

opinion, things like climate change and overpopulation are morestudies.
A. depend on

Yes. I hope the teacher likes it. Iʼm going to write about plastic.

Henry: Plastic?

14. If the government had worked on economic reforms earlier, theA. accomplish

important.
B. carry out

C. arrive at

月back to the pre-COVID-19 pandemic level.
A. excess

B. Regardless

100,000 by 2030, bringing the number

３

5. An educational institution estimates that the number of students

Henry: Hmmm. But

D. work out

18

why would the dangers of plastic waste be

exaggerated?
June:

He cites researchers who argue that awareness about plastic
waste has become a “convenient truth.” It encourages easy
lifestyle changes, such as taking a bag with you when you go
shopping, or recycling plastic items. This distracts people from
more fundamental changes such as abandoning the consumerist
lifestyle thatʼs causing all the plastic waste in the first place.

Henry: So plastic waste is the symptom, and not the cause?
June:

Right.

Henry: Hmmm. But I read about a giant mass of plastic in the Pacific
Ocean, for example. Why does he think plastic waste

19

That

mass of plastic canʼt be good for marine life.
June:

The Pacific Ocean patch of plastic, right? He

20

In 2001,

there was a scientific paper published saying there was six times
more plastic than zooplankton there. That sounds alarming, but
－3－

－4－

69

３月期

英語

the study only sampled the top few centimeters of ocean water,

18. A. he thinks thereʼs no plastic,

where the plastic floats. Itʼs not as if thereʼs that much plastic

B. I always use plastic bags,for the oceanʼs entire depth. But media organizations didnʼtC. wherever he is,mention that point.

D. even if thatʼs true,

Henry: So, it seems like the media companies
June:

21

Well, maybe not on purpose. I suppose a reporter skimmed over

19. A. has never existed?

the scientific paper, missed some key points, wrote an inaccurate

B. tries to attack marine life?

version of the findings, and then other journalists based their

C. is such an exaggerated threat?

own articles on that.

D. helps the environment?

Henry: Right. Whatever the issue, strict fact-checking is important injournalism. So, do you agree with this writer that the threat ofJune:

20. A. mentions that in the article.

plastic is overrated?

B. claims that it doesnʼt exist.

Iʼm not sure yet. As you point out, I need to do more fact-checking

C. refuses to comment on it.

first.

D. is responsible for creating it.

21. A. were correct in what they reported.
B. went to an unknown location.

16. A. though I still donʼt understand your point.

C. never wanted to write about this.
D. made a misleading claim.

B. and everyone agrees about the danger it poses.
C. but thereʼs disagreement about its impact.
D. even though I never use plastic bags.

17. A. its threat is overstated.
B. it isnʼt well known.
C. thereʼs been a decrease in popularity.
D. to make plastic has become difficult.

－5－

第３問

次の文章が完成するように，

22

－6－

～

27

now the independent nations of Serbia and Croatia. Teslaʼs birthplaceに入る最も適切なもの

and the surrounding region are now part of Croatia, which declared its

を A ～ D の中から選び，解答欄のその記号をマークしなさい。

independence in 1991. Modern Serbia dates from 2006, and Tesla, thoughan ethnic Serb, never lived in the region. He became a US citizen in 1891

To Which Country Does Nikola Tesla Belong?

and spent most of his adult life in New York.

Itʼs common to associate places with famous people who were born or
lived there. This can be of historical interest, promote local tourism, or

Besides political definitions, to be Serbian or Croatian is a point ofsimply be a point of local or national pride. For example, a house in theethnic identity. Tesla and his family were ethnic Serbs living in a region

Netherlands where the Dutch painter Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) lived

that is now part of present-day Croatia. Today,

for three months in 1883 is now a museum. At times, however,their own: Teslaʼs former home in modern Smiljan, Croatia is a museum,

22

26

Tesla as one ofwhich country “owns” the legacy of a famous person. This has been true

while visitors to Serbia fly into Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport. And ofregarding the inventor Nikola Tesla (1856-1943).

course, Tesla is now on both nationsʼ currency.
Despite this dispute, it seems certain that Tesla considered himself

Tesla is known for his outstanding innovations in electrical power
who predicted mobile phones, the Internet,

Serbian in origin, a point confirmed by biographers who have spentand artificial intelligence decades before they became reality. A figure ofdecades researching his life. A book of Teslaʼs inventions published in

popular culture, Tesla is depicted in films, novels, and comics. The electric1894 describes him as “of the Serbian race.” In that same year, Tesla evencar company Tesla, Inc. was named in his honor.

translated Serbian poetry for a popular literary magazine. Still, Serbia

systems, and is now

23

and Croatia are unlikely to agree on this issue any time soon. If Nikola

In recent years, there has been a dispute between the governments ofSerbia and Croatia over Teslaʼs national identity, in connection with eachTesla were not a famous historical and cultural figure,countryʼs currency. The Serbian currency, the dinar, has long featured ato determine his nationality.

portrait of Tesla. Croatia, since adopting the euro in 2023, has issued
euro coins that include Teslaʼs image. When Croatiaʼs plan to do this was

22. A. a consensus is reached on

first announced in 2021, the National Bank of Serbia objected, claiming

B. only one person knowsthat placing Nikola Teslaʼs face on Croatian euros would

C. people donʼt care about

24

“the

cultural and scientific heritage of the Serbian people.” Croatia did not

D. disagreement may arise overaccept this argument.
Why does this disagreement exist? While the history of relations

23. A. considered a major novelist

between Serbs and Croats is long and complicated, this currency-related

B. called an unskilled inventor

dispute is partly about how to

C. celebrated as a great thinker

25

Tesla was born in 1856 in the townof Smiljan in the Austrian Empire (1804-1867), which included what are

D. held as a key suspect

－7－

－8－

70

27

about how24. A. insult

第４問

次の文章を読み，その内容に基づいて要約を完成させなさい。要約を完成させるために，最も適切なものを単語リスト（A ～ O）の中から選

B. explain
C. reconsider

び，解答欄

D. publish

を２回使用することはできません。

28～

25. A. decide who invented what.

33のその記号をマークしなさい。同じ単語

Driverʼs Licenses

B. declare independence effectively.

In 1886, a German engineer named Karl Benz patented what is

C. defeat oneʼs political enemies.

generally agreed to be the first automobile. In 1908, the American Henry

D. define national identity.

Ford began production of the Ford Model T. Because the Model T was
mass-produced and relatively inexpensive, more and more Americans
began to drive. Few of these early drivers in America, though, would have

26. A. neither country accepts

had driverʼs licenses.

B. both countries honor
C. no country claims

One of the reasons for this is that in the United States, power is divided

D. every nation wants

between the federal (national) government and state governments. The
federal government is responsible for some aspects of government, but
the states are responsible for other aspects of government, including

27. A. many governments would disagree
B. itʼs unlikely there would be much debate

rules related to driving. This means that each state makes its own rules

C. a number of biographers would write

about driverʼs licenses. The result is that different states have had

D. there would be much more discussion

different requirements for drivers, and, in the past, some states had norequirements at all.
Today in every American state, it is a serious offense to drive without
became the first states to make them mandatory, driverʼs licenses were
though licenses were required in Missouri and Massachusetts after 1903,月

not required anywhere in the country. It should be noted, however, that３

a license. Until 1903, however, when Missouri and Massachusetts

drivers did not have to take tests to obtain them.

T was 68 kilometers an hour). Maybe thatʼs why it didnʼt seem necessary－9－－ 10 －

in most states to require drivers to be licensed. In our time, few peopleof the 20th century would not have had driverʼs licenses. One reason forwould argue against requiring drivers to pass tests demonstrating that

this is that in America, power is divided between the federal government

they can operate automobiles safely and to carry licenses demonstrating

and the states. States are29

that they have done so. There are so many cars on the roads now, andstates decided not todrivers to have driverʼs licenses. This may

they go so fast, that it would be too dangerous to allow people to drive

have seemed okay in the early days of driving because there were far

without being certain they can do so safely.

31

30

for rules related to driving, and somecars on the road than now, and they were not very fast. Now,

As late as the 1950s, several American states including Idaho (1951),

however, cars go much faster and there are many more of them on the

Arizona (1951), Illinois (1953), Wisconsin (1956), and Alaska (1956), didroad, so all states require driver's licenses. In the past, getting a driverʼs

not require drivers to be licensed. And among the states that did require

license was considered an important step in life. Young Americans believed

licenses, some still did not require applicants to take a test to obtain one.

that cars would give them more freedom. Now, however, interest in driving

South Dakota did not require drivers to take a test to get driverʼs licenses

among young people seems to be

until 1959.

cars are not good for the environment, while others feel that they are justGetting a driverʼs license was once an important step in life; young

too expensive. Also,

Americans looked forward to being able to drive and the freedom that33

32

. Some young people feel thatride-sharing services such as Lyft and Uber

have made cars seem less necessary than in the past.

would give them. Today, fewer and fewer young people in America seem
to want a license. In 1983, for example, 80% of 18-year-olds had driverʼs【単語リスト】

licenses, and 46% of 16-year-olds did. By 2018, those numbers had

A. require

B. illegal

C. added

dropped. Only 61% of 18-year-olds in America had licenses and 25% of

D. responsible

E. popular

F. legal

16-year-olds did. There seems to be a variety of reasons for this. SomeG. freedom

H. declining

I. necessary

young people feel that driving causes too much harm to the environment,

J. dangerous

K. production

L. fewerwhile others find that owning and using a car is just too expensive. In

M. environment

N. harmful

O. license

addition, the growing popularity of ride-sharing services such as Uberand Lyft have made cars seem less necessary. Maybe cars are just not asalluring as they used to be.
Summary
Cars started to become widely available in the United States in 1908
when Henry Ford began

28of the Ford Model T. More Americans

were driving, but surprisingly, most American drivers in the early part－ 11 －－ 12 －

71

期

In the early 20th century, there were few drivers (though the number
was growing), and cars were relatively slow (the top speed of a Ford Model

３月期

第５問

英語

までの英文をof Canada, an unsuccessful British invasion of New York State, and the

完成させるために最も適切なものを A ～ D の中から選び，解答欄のそのburning of Washington, D.C., including the White House, by British

記号をマークしなさい。

forces. Both sides grew tired of a long conflict with no one gaining any

34

次の文章を読み，その内容に基づいて～

39

clear advantage, and a peace treaty was signed at a meeting of American
Who Won the War of 1812?

and British representatives in Ghent, Belgium in December of 1814.

The War of 1812 (1812-1815) was a conflict between the United States

Word of the peace agreement had not yet reached North America when,

and Great Britain. Canada, at the time still a British colony, also fought

in January of 1815, US forces defeated an attempted British invasion

against the Americans, and there were Native American allies on bothof New Orleans. The Battle of New Orleans was the last conflict in thesides. More than 200 years later, there is some disagreement over which

War of 1812.

side won the war, and whether there was even a clear winner. National

If the US invasion of Canada had been successful, would the Americans

pride may well play a part in how Americans, Canadians, and Britons

have stayed permanently? Some American politicians did want the US

view the warʼs outcome.

to take over Canada and drive Britain completely out of North America,

The US, formerly 13 British colonies on the Atlantic coast, had declared

while others saw the invasions as only temporary actions that were needed

independence in 1776 during the American Revolution (1775 -1783).

to put pressure on Britain. It has been argued that the US exaggerated the

The US and Britain then saw each other as rivals for North American

problem of the Royal Navyʼs impressment of American citizens (describeddominance. In the early 19th century, the northern border of the US withabove) in order to have an excuse to take Canada.

Canada (Britainʼs colony) was disputed. This was complicated by tensions

Many historians of the war see it as having ended in a tie, with noand even open warfare between Native American populations and whiteclear winner or loser. There were no major territorial gains by either side,

settlers in the western regions. Both the US and British governments

and the US-Canada border situation remained unchanged until it wassought alliances with native tribes, and a goal of Britain was to form asettled in 1818. Still, there is some disagreement. Some Americans see

separate Native American state in the west in order to stop US settlements

the war as a “second war of independence” in which America successfullyin the region.

asserted itself against Britain. On the other hand, British and Canadian

Another point of contention was the system of “impressment,” or forced

soldiers were able to stop the US invasion of Canada. In Toronto there is anaval service, carried out by Britainʼs Royal Navy. Among those mademonument to the War of 1812 which depicts a Canadian soldier standing

to join the Royal Navy were British-born US citizens. In Britainʼs view,

over a fallen American soldier.
Perhaps no other war in history includes such different opinions about

these men were still British. To the Americans, the British actions wereits outcome. There is a saying that history is written by the winners,

an attack on US citizens.

but it is a bit more complicated if there is no agreement over who theTensions escalated until war broke out in July of 1812. Over the next two

winner is.

and a half years, the battles fought included an unsuccessful US invasion－ 13 －

34. The War of 1812

－ 14 －

39. According to the passage, some members of the American government

34

A. had an outcome which is in dispute.

39

B. was fought for 200 years.

A. tried to stop Americans from living in Canada.

C. had a clear winner.

B. were unaware that a war was going on.

D. is viewed with unanimous agreement.

C. planned to make Canada part of the US.
D. claimed that the United States was part of Canada.

35. The US-Canada border was

35

A. disputed by Native American tribes.
B. not agreed upon by the US and Britain.
C. prevented by the War of 1812.
D. a power in the northern regions.

36. The British government hoped to36

A. form an alliance with Native Americans against Canada.
B. sell western territory to the Americans.
C. reduce their dominance in North America.
D. limit US settlements in the west.

37. Britainʼs navy would at times

37

A. force British people to join the US Navy.
B. send its forces to invade Canada.
C. claim that their sailors were US citizens.
D. make US citizens become sailors against their will.

38. During the period described, the US

38

A. was given Canadian territory by Britain.
B. tried without success to invade Canada.
C. finally recognized British independence.
D. decided to remain neutral in the war.
－ 15 －－ 16 －

72