教員の配置等に関する教育政策の実証に関する研究௧࿴ 4 ᖺᗘࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩ᩍဨ㸫025ᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲
ሗ࿌᭩

報告書
令和５（２０２３）年３月

௧࿴ 5㸦2023㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶

国立教育政策研究所◊✲௦⾲⪅ ⏣ ᮧ ᑑ ᾈ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗㸧

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ࠕᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ ◊✲௦⾲⪅㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗㸧⏣ᮧ ᑑᾈ
ᮏㄪᰝ◊✲ࡀ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸦௨ୗࠕᅜ◊ࠖ㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ
◊✲ࠖࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓࡢࡣᖹᡂ 28㸦2016㸧ᖺࡢࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓ᖺࡢᖹᡂ 27㸦2015㸧ᖺ࡟ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪᫬ࢆྠࡌࡃࡋ࡚㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢ࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ᪉㔪࡜ࡋ࡚Ỵࡲࡾ㸪ࡑࡢࡓࡵࡢᐇド◊✲ࢆᅜ◊࡛⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀ㸪ࡇࡢࠕᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖࡀࢫࢱ࣮ࢺࡋࡓ┤᥋ࡢ⤒⦋࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡇࡢࠕᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇド◊✲ࠖࢆຠᯝⓗ࡟㐍ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢࠕᐇド◊✲ጤဨ఍ࠖ
㸦ᵓᡂဨ㸸▼⏣ ᾈ ᮾி኱Ꮫ≉ูᩍᤵ㸪኱ᶫ ᘯ ᮾி኱Ꮫ๪Ꮫ㛗㸪㈆ᗈ
ᩪᏊ ༓ⴥ኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊ᩍᤵ㸪⪥ሯᐶ᫂ 㟷ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢸ࢕ே㛫⛉Ꮫ㒊≉௵ᩍᤵ㸧ࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࡶྠጤဨ఍࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㆟ㄽࡸጤဨ࠿ࡽࡢᣦ᦬ࡶ཯ᫎࡉࡏ࡞
ࡀࡽ◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡉ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࠕᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡣᙜึ௨ୗࡢ
୕ࡘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸸ձᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࣭ຠᯝ㛵ಀ㸦Ꮫຊ⌜࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧㸪ղඣ❺⏕ᚐᨭ᥼ຍ㓄ࡢຠᯝ◊✲㸪ճᤵᴗ୰ࡢᩍᖌࡀᏛ⩦⪅࡟୚࠼ࡿࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕղࡢ◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᖹᡂ 28-29㸦2016-2017㸧ᖺᗘࡢ 2 ᖺ㛫࡛⤊஢ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ሗ࿌᭩ࢆᖹᡂ 30㸦2018㸧ᖺ࡟බ⾲῭ࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ճࡢ◊✲ࡣࡑࡢᚋᅜ◊ࡢึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱◊✲㒊ࡢูࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࡢෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚⤫ྜࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡣ㸪ୖグࡢࢸ࣮࣐ࡢձᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࣭ຠᯝ㛵ಀ㸦Ꮫຊ⌜࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝ࣭ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝࢆྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢேᩘ㸧ࡀࠕᏛຊࠖཬࡧࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦㸻♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧ࠖ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ⌜࡛ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ
㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ィ㔞⤒῭Ꮫࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᅉᯝ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍཬࡧࡑࢀ࡟క࠺ᩍᐊ࡛ࡢᏛ⣭ෆࡢᑐே㛵ಀ➼ࡢᕪ␗ࡀ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫ࡢ㛵ಀ㸦┦஫⿵᏶㛵ಀ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶศᯒࢆヨࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ㄪᰝศᯒࡢᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡎ⮬἞య⊂⮬ࡢᏛຊࡸᏛ⩦≧ἣࡢㄪᰝ㸦ࣃࢿࣝ㸧➼ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆά⏝ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ➼ࡀᏛຊࡸᏛ⩦ែᗘࡢྥୖ➼࡟୚࠼ࡿ」ᩘᖺᗘ࡟ࢃࡓࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᖹᡂ 29 ᖺᗘㄪᰝ࠿ࡽ㸪㉁ၥ⣬ἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᑠ 1㹼୰ 2 ࡲ࡛ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸪Ꮫ⣭ᢸ௵࡜Ꮫຊㄪᰝᑐ㇟ᩍ⛉ࢆᣦᑟࡍࡿᢸᙜᩍဨࢆᑐ㇟࡟ᅜ◊࡟ࡼࡿ㏣ຍㄪᰝ㸦4 ᖺ㛫ཪࡣ
3 ᖺ㛫ࡢ⦪᩿ㄪᰝ㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ➼ࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢఙࡧ➼࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟
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ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋᮏㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝᮇ㛫୰࡟᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕ࡢၥ㢟ࡀⓎ⏕ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᅜ◊
࡟ࡼࡿ㏣ຍㄪᰝࡶ୍㒊୰Ṇ࡜ࡏࡊࡿࢆᚓࡎ㸪ࡲࡓ㛵ಀࡢྛ⮬἞య࠿ࡽࡢ༠ຊࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᙧ࡛ᅔ㞴࡞ᒎ㛤࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜➼࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᙜึᮏㄪᰝ◊✲ࡣ௧࿴ 2㸦2020㸧ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࢆ◊✲ᮇ㛫࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪௧࿴ 4㸦2022㸧ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ 2 ᖺ㛫ᮇ㛫ࢆᘏ㛗ࡋ࡚㸪௒ᅇ᭱⤊ሗ࿌᭩ࡢྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ᮇ㛫୰ࡢ௧࿴ 3㸦2021㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶㸪ࠕබ❧⩏ົᩍ⫱ㅖᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭⦅ไཬࡧᩍ⫋ဨᐃᩘࡢᶆ‽࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࡢ୍㒊ࢆᨵṇࡍࡿἲᚊ᱌ࠖࡀᅜ఍࡛ྍỴ࣭ᡂ❧ࡋ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㸦⩏ົᩍ⫱Ꮫᰯࡢ๓ᮇㄢ⛬ࢆྵࡴࠋ㸧ࡢᏛ⣭⦅ไࡢᶆ‽ࢆ 5 ᖺ㛫࠿ࡅ࡚ィ⏬ⓗ࡟ 40 ே㸦ᑠᏛᰯ➨
1 Ꮫᖺࡣ 35 ே㸧࠿ࡽ 35 ே࡟ᘬࡁୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙࢆࡵࡄࡿ≧ἣࡣᛴ㏿࡟ኚ໬ࢆ㐙ࡆ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Society5.0 ᫬௦ࡢ฿᮶ࡸᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡢከᵝ໬ࡢ୍ᒙࡢ㐍ᒎ㸪௒⯡ࡢ᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕ࡢⓎ⏕➼ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪GIGA ࢫࢡ࣮ࣝᵓ᝿࡟ࡼࡿ ICT ➼ࢆά⏝ࡋࡓಶู᭱㐺࡞Ꮫࡧ࡜༠ാⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪௒ᚋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᏊ౪ࡓࡕ
ࡢᏛࡧࢆಖ㞀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍḞ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ㸪௒ᚋࡢ᭦࡞ࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿຠᯝ᳨ドࡸ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ຠᯝⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢ❧᱌ཬࡧࡑࡢᐇ᪋࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ཧ⪃࡜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᮏㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ㐙⾜࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪㈗㔜࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᚚᥦ౪࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓ㛵ಀྛ⮬἞యࡢ᪉ࠎࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪◊✲ࢳ࣮࣒࡟ຍࢃࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁ㸪㝈ࡽࢀࡓ᫬㛫㸪ࡲࡓᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸◊✲⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ㄪᰝศᯒ࣭ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡢྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵ࡟ᚚᑾຊ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸ࡓᅜ◊ෆእࡢ◊✲⪅ࡢඛ⏕᪉ࡢከ኱࡞ᚚ༠ຊ࡟ᚰࡼࡾᚚ♩⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ᪉ྥᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᖖ࡟ᚚᣦᑟ࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚ࡁࡓ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢࠕᐇド◊✲ጤဨ఍ࠖࡢጤဨࡢඛ⏕᪉୪ࡧ࡟ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢ㈈ົㄢࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㛵ಀㄢࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟ࡶ῝ࡃឤㅰ⏦ࡋୖࡆࡿࠋ                          ௧࿴ 5㸦2023㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶
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◊✲⤌⧊

࠙◊✲௦⾲⪅ࠚ⏣ᮧ ᑑᾈ     ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗㸦஦ົᒁවົ㸧▼㷂 ᏹ᫂㸨    ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗㸦2019-2020 ᖺᗘ㸧஭ୖ ♧ᜠ㸨    ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗㸦2017-2018 ᖺᗘ㸧⏣ཱྀ 㔜᠇㸨    ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊㛗㸦2016 ᖺᗘ㸧࠙◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸦ᡤෆ㸧ࠚጒᑿ ΅      ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇࣭ホ౯◊✲㒊 ⥲ᣓ◊✲ᐁ㸦Ꮫຊ⌜㸭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧฼᰿ᕝ ᫂Ꮚ    ⏕ᚐᣦᑟ࣭㐍㊰ᣦᑟ◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮ ◊✲ဨ㸭ᗂඣᩍ⫱◊✲ࢭࣥࢱ࣮◊✲ဨ㸦㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧ᯘ ࿴ᙪ      ⥲ົ㒊◊✲ᨭ᥼ㄢ ᑓ㛛⫋㸦஦ົᒁ㸧⊦⫤ ᚿ㔝㸨    ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊 ⥲ᣓ◊✲ᐁ㸦஦ົᒁ㸪2016-2020 ᖺᗘ㸧Ώ㑔 ೔Ꮚ㸨    ◊✲௻⏬㛤Ⓨ㒊 ⥲ᣓ◊✲ᐁ㸦஦ົᒁ㸪2016 ᖺᗘ㸧࠙◊✲ศᢸ⪅㸦ᡤእ㸧ࠚ㸦Ꮫຊ⌜㸧ᯇ⦾ ᑑ࿴     㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ ⤒ႠᏛ㒊 ᩍᤵ㸦⌜௦⾲⪅㸧㣤⏣ ᫍⰋ     ㏣ᡭ㛛Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ ᆅᇦ๰㐀Ꮫ㒊 ㅮᖌ኱ᕝ ⋹ዉ     ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ṑᏛ◊✲⛉ ෸ᩍᤵ኱㇂ ☐      ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿බඹᨻ⟇◊✲⛉ ᣍ࡬࠸◊✲ဨᒸᔱ ⿱Ꮚ     ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ ⤒῭⤒ႠᏛ㒊 ෸ᩍᤵᰠ⃝ ᑑಙ     ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ᅜ㝿ඹ๰኱Ꮫ㝔Ꮫ఩ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ᥎㐍ᶵᵓ ෸ᩍᤵྂࠎᮏ ୍㤿    ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ṑᏛ㒊㝃ᒓ⑓㝔་⒪᝟ሗᐊ ≉௵ຓᩍ୰℩ ᝆ      ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᅜ㝿බඹᨻ⟇◊✲⛉༤ኈ๓ᮇㄢ⛬௰㔝 ࿴ᙪ     ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ṑᏛ◊✲⛉ ᩍᤵ୰ᮧ ு௓     㛵ᮾᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 ෸ᩍᤵᖹᑿ ᬛ㝯     ᦤ༡኱Ꮫ ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 ෸ᩍᤵ໭ᲄ 㞞୍     㥖⃝኱Ꮫ ⤒῭Ꮫ㒊 ᩍᤵ㸦㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧㐲⸨ ฼ᙪ     ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᩍᤵ㸦⌜௦⾲⪅㸧㣤ᮧ ࿘ᖹ     ๰౯኱Ꮫ ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 ㅮᖌ▼஭ భྍᏊ    ⸨ዪᏊ኱Ꮫ ᩥᏛ㒊 ෸ᩍᤵ኱ஂಖ ᆂ௓    ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉㝃ᒓⓎ㐩ಖ⫱ᐇ㊶ᨻ⟇Ꮫࢭࣥࢱ࣮          ≉௵ຓᩍᒸ⏣ ㅬ௓     ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ෸ᩍᤵᕝᮏ ဴஓ     ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ ᩥᏛ㒊 ㅮᖌஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ ඹྠᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 ຓᩍ
3

- 3 -

ᑠᯇ బ✑Ꮚ    ᱈ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ ♫఍Ꮫ㒊 ෸ᩍᤵᴬཎ Ⰻኴ     㮵ඣᓥ኱Ꮫ ἲᩥᩍ⫱ᏛᇦἲᩥᏛ⣔ ෸ᩍᤵᓥ⏣ ኱♸     ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬㔝ᮧ ᬕኵ     ኱㜰኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ே㛫⛉Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᩍᤵṊ⸨ ୡⰋ     ࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ ᇶᖿ◊✲㝔ே㛫⛉Ꮫ⣔ ㅮᖌ⟽⏣ ⿱ྖ㸨    ி㒔ዪᏊ኱Ꮫ Ⓨ㐩ᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 ᩍᤵ㸦2017-2020 ᖺᗘ㸧ᮤ ▱ⱌ㸨     ᮾி኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉༤ኈㄢ⛬㸦2018 ᖺᗘ㸧㸦Ꮫຊ⌜㸭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧᳜⏣ ࿴ஓ     㤶ᕝ኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ᩍᤵᕝ➃ ᘯᐇ㸨    ᪂₲኱Ꮫ ኱Ꮫ㝔ᩍ⫱ᐇ㊶Ꮫ◊✲⛉ ≉௵ᩍᤵ㸦2019-2020 ᖺᗘ㸧ซ౛
1 ྛ⌜ࡢ௦⾲⪅௨እࡢ◊✲ศᢸ⪅ࡣ 50 㡢㡰ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㏥௵⪅㸦㸨㸧ࡣ㏥௵᫬ᮇࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸㡰ࠋ
2 ᡤᒓཬࡧ⫋ྡࡣ 2023 ᖺ 3 ᭶ᮎ᫬Ⅼࠋࡓࡔࡋ㏥௵⪅ࡣ㏥௵᫬ࡢࡶࡢࠋ

4

- 4 -

┠ ḟ
ࡣࡌࡵ࡟͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐1◊✲⤌⧊͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐3┠ḟ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐5➨㸯㒊 ᇶ♏ศᯒ⦅➨㸯❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐7㸯⠇ ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࣭ඛ⾜◊✲͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐7㸰⠇ OLS ᥎ᐃ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐16➨㸰❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐27㸯⠇ ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࣭ඛ⾜◊✲͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐27㸰⠇ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᴫᛕ࣭ᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ࡜㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢ᪉ἲ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐39㸱⠇ OLS ᥎ᐃ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐84㸲⠇ ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅࡟ྥࡅࡓ㆟ㄽ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐133
⿵ㄽձ ศᯒ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐137㸯⠇ Ꮫຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐137㸰⠇ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐144
⿵ㄽղ ཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃ࡜♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐172➨㸰㒊 ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅‫ە‬Ꮫຊ⦅
➨㸱❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸫ࣃࢿࣝศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐179㸯⠇ X ┴ A ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣃࢿࣝศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐179
㸰⠇ Y ┴ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣃࢿࣝศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐195➨㸲❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸫࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐202㸯⠇ X ┴ A ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐202
㸰⠇ Y ┴ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐209➨㸳❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐224➨㸴❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨ㓄⨨ཬࡧᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢኚ໬͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐240➨㸵❶ ┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐255‫ە‬㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⦅➨㸶❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃㸫࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐280➨㸷❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 㸫₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐300➨  ❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ㛵㐃͐͐͐306
➨  ❶ యຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃㸫Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐330
5

- 5 -

‫ە‬Ꮫຊ㸤㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫㛵㐃➨  ❶ Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫ᙳ㡪ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝ     㸫஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ウ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐339
㸯⠇ X ┴ A ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐339
㸰⠇ Y ┴ 5 ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐348
࠾ࢃࡾ࡟͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐͐358


6

- 6 -

➨㸯㒊 ᇶ♏ศᯒ⦅➨  ❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ㸯⠇ ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࣭ඛ⾜◊✲Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦㐩ᡂ࡟࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪㛗ᖺὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᩍဨ 1 ேᙜࡓࡾࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐᩘ࡛ ࡿ࡜᪥ᮏࡢᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪௚ᅜ࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱ࡁ࠸ࠋOECD ࡢᖹᆒࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ 21.3 ྡ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ 23.3 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᪥ᮏࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ 27.9 ྡ㸪32.7 ྡ࡜᭱ࡶᩘᏐࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ㸦Organization for
Economic Co-operation and Development (2022)㸧 ࠋᡭࡢ⾜ࡁᒆ࠸ࡓᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜࠺࡟ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀࡼࡃᏛຊࡢྥୖ࡟㈨ࡍࡿ࡜ࡢពぢࡀᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿつᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ㆟ㄽࡢⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ┤ឤⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ୍ே࡟ࡉࡅࡿᩍဨࡢ᫬㛫ࡸᡭ㛫ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝ࡟ࣉࣛࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫ⩦㐩ᡂᗘࡢ㛵ಀ ࡣ ༢ ⣧ ࡛ ࡣ ࡞ ࠸ ࠋ OECD ࡀ 㐍 ࡵ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ Ꮫ ⩦ ฿ 㐩 ᗘ ㄪ ᰝ 㸦 PISA 㸸 Programme forInternational Student Assessment㸧ࡢୖ఩࡟ࡣ㸪つᶍࡢᑠࡉ࡞࢚ࢫࢺࢽ࢔ࡸࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻ
ࡽ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞୰ᅜ㸪㡑ᅜࡸ᪥ᮏࡶධࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࢸ࣮࣐࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
⤫ィⓗศᯒࡢⲡศࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ࠿ࡘ♫఍ⓗ࡞ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟௦⾲ⓗ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿ Krueger (1999)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡣඣ❺඲⯡࡟ཬࡪࡶࡢ
࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(ὀ 1)ࠋ
Angrist and Lavy (1999)ࡀᘬࡁ㔠࡜࡞ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡢ ᐃࡀ㏆ᖺከࡃࡢᅜ࡛㐍ࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᮡỤಟ἞(1996)࡛ࡣ㸪20 ୡ⣖ᚋ༙ࡢ 50 ᖺ㛫࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ◊✲ࢆᗈࡃᒎᮃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪㐺ṇつᶍࢆ 20 ྡྎ࡜ࡋࡘࡘࡶ㸪ຠᯝࡢ୍㈏ᛶ࡟ࡣ␃ಖࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲ࢆぢ࡚ࡶᏛ⣭つ ᶍ ࡀ Ꮫ ຊ ࡟୚ ࠼ ࡿ ᙳ㡪 ࡟ 㛵 ࡍ ࡿ ⤖ᯝ ࡀ ␗ ࡞ࡿ ࠋ ౛ ࠼ ࡤ ጒᑿ ࣭ ⠛ ᓮ࣭ ໭ ᲄ (2013)ࡸ
Akabayashi and Nakamura (2014)࡛ࡣ୍㒊ࡢ⛉┠࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ఀ⸨௚(2017)࡛ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ὀ 2)ࠋ
୍᪉㸪Hojoand Oshio(2010)࡛ࡣຠᯝࡀ࠿࡞ࡾ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸯㸬ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟࡜㈉⊩ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫ⩦ᡂᯝཬࡧᏛຊࡢ㛫࡟ࡣࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ୍㈏ࡋࡓ㛵ಀࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ≉࡟ࡼࡾ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ⤫ィⓗᡭἲࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓ᭱㏆ࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Angrist et al. (2019)࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢෆ⏕ᛶ࡟ᑐฎࡋ࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪Angrist and Lavy (1999)࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ito, Nakamuro and Yamaguchi(2020)࡛ࡣ㸪ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ
ࣝࢆ㐺ᛂࡍࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀవࡾほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞୍㈏ᛶࢆḞ࠸ࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ⤫ィⓗ࡞ཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ஧ࡘࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ᮏ᮶཰㞟ࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣศᯒ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ᝟ሗࡢḞዴ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ
7

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ୖࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᵓ㐀ⓗ୙ഛࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ⤫ィศᯒࡢ㝈⏺ࢆࡶࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ㸪ࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᐃ໬ࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᥎ィ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࣔࢹࣝࡀ┿ࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ࡝ࢀࡔࡅ㐺ษ࡟཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀኚࢃࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢḞⅬࢆ⿵࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚ศᯒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪Ḟⴠኚᩘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢෆ⏕ᛶ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ≉ᐃ໬㸪ࡉࡽ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍഃ㠃ࡢᣑ኱࡜࠸ࡗࡓᅄࡘ࡟↔
Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ᨵၿࢆ᥈ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞ィ ࢆヨࡳࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧Ḟⴠኚᩘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㸪≉࡟ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅛᐃຠᯝ᥎ᐃࡢᚲせᛶ➨୍࡟㸪Ḟⴠኚᩘࡢၥ㢟ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ᐜ᫆࡟᝿ീ࡛ࡁ
ࡿ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎධᡭࡀᅔ㞴࡞ኚᩘࡀᗄࡘ࠿Ꮡᅾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ಶ
ேຠᯝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿほᐹᮇ㛫୰࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍኚᩘ㸦αi㸧ࡢᏑᅾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪⏕᮶ࡢᡯ⬟ࡸ⏕ࡲࢀᣢࡗࡓᛶ᱁㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᗂᑡᮇ⎔ቃ࡛☜❧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ
ࡗࡓ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᐙᗞ⎔ቃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡶධᡭࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸ࠋᐙィᡤᚓࡸぶࡢ⫋ᴗ➼㸪♫఍⤒῭ⓗ≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᝟ሗࡣಶே᝟ሗࡢၥ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡾㄪᰝࡢࡓࡧࡇ࡜࡟ᥦฟࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ
㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ぶࡢᩍ⫱᪉㔪ࡸᏊ౪࡬ࡢࢣ࢔ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣྲྀࡾ࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋಶே᝟ሗ࡟㛵ࡍࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪௬࡟┤᥋ぶ࡟ᑜࡡ࡚ࡶṇ☜࡞ᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡣ㝈ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪㏆ᖺࡣ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ᭶᪥ࡢᕪࡀཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡶὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛᖺṔࡢጞࡲࡾࢆ
4 ᭶࡜ࡍࡿ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪≉࡟ᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 4㸪5㸪6 ᭶࡜᪩ࡃ⏕ࡲࢀࡓ⪅ࡀྠᏛᖺෆ࡛ࡢ➇த࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷฼࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㏫࡟ 1㸪2㸪3 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡣ୙฼࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢ
◊✲ࡀከࡃฟࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
࡞࠿࡛ࡶ㸪⏕᮶ࡢᡯ⬟ࡸ⏕ࡲࢀᣢࡗࡓᛶ᱁ࢆィ ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡶಶேࡢ⏕⏘ᛶࡸࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࡞㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓၥ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐࡛࠶ࡿᏛຊࡢつᐃせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡶᙉࡃ㛵ࢃࡿྍ⬟
ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ(ὀ 3)ࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᗄᮇ㛫࠿࡟ࢃࡓࡾྠ୍ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢆ」ᩘᖺ㏣㊧ㄪᰝࡍࡿࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝ᥎ᐃࢆ㐺⏝ࡋほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸せᅉࡀ᥎ᐃࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ᤼㝖ࡋࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᩍ
⫱ࡢຠᯝࢆ ࡿ⤫ィศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ㸪≉࡟ᅛᐃຠᯝ᥎ᐃࢆヨࡳ࡚ࣂ࢖࢔
ࢫࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㑊ࡅ࡚ࡣ㏻ࢀ࡞࠸సᴗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
୍ぢ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ⏕᮶ࡢ⬟ຊࠖࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ┦㛵ࡀ࡞ࡉࡑ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶࠕ⏕᮶ࡢ⬟ຊࠖࡣᐜ᫆࡟ ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࡽ㸪ᩍ⫱ࡢ⌧ሙ࡟⨨࠸࡚㸪⏕ᚐಶࠎேࡢᡯ⬟ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣỴᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ไᗘⓗ࡟ࡣ⏕ᚐᩘࡢୖ㝈ࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㉸࠼ࡓሙྜࡣ᜛ពࡀධࡿࡇ࡜࡞ࡃ⮬ືⓗ࡟ศ๭ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᒃఫᆅࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ㝿࡟ぶࡢ⫋ᴗࡸᏊ౪ࡢᩍ⫱⎔ቃ࣭ᶵ఍࡬ࡢ㓄៖ࡀ㛵ಀࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢࠕ⏕᮶ࡢ⬟ຊࠖ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛫࡟┦㛵ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⣭ศ๭ࡢཎ๎࡟ᚑ࠺㝈ࡾᆅᇦࡢேཱྀつᶍཬࡧᏛᖺ඲యࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡀᏛ⣭つᶍࢆୖࡆ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺
࡜࠸࠺࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢୖ㝈ࡀ 35 ே࡟タᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ไᗘୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦࡢ⏕ᚐࡢᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ൢᆅ㸦࡬ࡁࡕ㸧࡛ࡣ㸯ྡ࠿ࡽ 35 ேࡲ࡛Ꮫ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྠᏛᖺࡢඣ❺ᩘࡀቑຍ
8

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ࡍࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭱పேᩘ್ࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ36 ྡ௨ୖ࠸ࡿᆅᇦ࡛ࡣ㸪᭱ప࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ 18 ྡ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࠋ71 ྡࡢᆅᇦ࡛ࡢᏛ⣭ࡣ㸪23㸪23㸪24 ྡ࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋྠᵝ࡟ 106 ྡࡢᆅᇦࡣ 4 Ꮫ⣭࡟ศ๭ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪26㸪26㸪27㸪27 ྡ࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᆅᇦࡢඣ❺ᩘࡢቑຍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭱ప್ࡀᚎࠎ࡟ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟㸪ぶࡢᒃఫᆅ㑅ᢥࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ேཱྀࡢከ࠸ᆅᇦࡢᏊ౪ࡢᏛຊࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഴྥࡀ
㔜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪Ꮚ౪࡟ᡯ⬟ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ㧗࠸Ꮫຊࡢ㐩ᡂࢆᮃࡴぶࡣ㸪ࡼࡾᩍ⫱⎔ቃࡢᩚࡗࡓᆅ
ᇦ࡟ᒃࢆ⛣ࡑ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠋ⨾⾡㤋➼ࡢබⓗ᪋タࡀ඘ᐇࡋࡓᆅᇦࢆ㑅ࡪࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࡋ㸪ሿࡸ⩦࠸஦ࡢ⎔ቃࡀᩚࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࢆዲࡴ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞♫఍ⓗ㈨ᮏࡀᩚࡗ࡚
࠸ࡿᆅᇦࡣẚ㍑ⓗேཱྀࡀ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㒔ᕷ㒊࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡣඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᩘࡶከࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⩦ሿࡶ୍ᐃࡢ⏕ᚐᩘࢆ☜ಖࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㒔ᕷ㒊࡟㞟୰ࡋࡀࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖ᯝ㸪ᩍ⫱⇕ᚰ࡞ぶࡀከ࠸ᆅᇦ࡜ᏛᰯつᶍࡸᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ᆅᇦࡀ㔜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㧗࠸ᡤᚓࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ௙஦ࡸ㧗ᗘ࡞▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ௙஦ࡀẚ㍑ⓗ࡟㒔ᕷ㒊࡟ከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ᡯ⬟ࢆࡶࡗࡓேᮦࡀ㒔ᕷ㒊࡟㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ぶࡢᡯ⬟ࡀᏊ౪࡟ᘬࡁ⥅ࡀࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪㒔ᕷ㒊࡟ࡣᡯ⬟࡟ࡵࡄࡲࢀࡓᏊ౪ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ከࡃ㞟ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᐙᗞࡣᏛ⩦⎔ቃࡶᩚࡗ࡚࠾ࡾᐙᗞෆࡢᩥ໬㈨ᮏࡶ㧗࠸ࠋ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾࡀࡕ࡞㒔ᕷ㒊࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮚ౪ࡶᏛຊࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ
ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿ(ὀ 4)ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢほᐹᮇ㛫୰࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸せᅉ㸪ࠕ⏕᮶ࡢ⬟ຊࠖ㸪ᐙᗞ⎔ቃ㸪ᆅᇦ⎔ቃ࡞࡝ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ಶேຠᯝ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪᤼㝖ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜┦㛵ࢆᣢࡘࡇࢀࡽࡢኚᩘࡀḞⴠࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿ᥎ᐃࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
≉࡟㸪ᐙᗞ⎔ቃࡶᏛຊ࡟ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ධᡭࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸᝟ሗࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋᐙィᡤᚓࡸぶࡢ⫋ᴗ➼ࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗᆅ఩㸦Socio-Economic Status: SES㸧᝟ሗࡣಶே᝟
ሗಖㆤࡢ㛵ಀ࠿ࡽᥦฟࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋඛ࡟㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᆅᇦ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮚ౪ࡀ⫼㈇ࡗࡓ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ⎔ቃࡀ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜┦㛵ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪SES ᝟ሗࡢḞⴠࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ࡟ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ⏕ࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞ᆅᇦ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ
Ꮫᰯ࡛㧗࠸ SES ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣ࡛㸪SES ᝟ሗࡀ᥎ᐃ࠿ࡽḞⴠࡍࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘࡀ SES ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ྾཰ࡋࡓᙧ࡛᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋࡓ࡜࠼Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊࡸ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡘ࡜ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢಀᩘࡣ㐣๫᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᤼㝖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚Ꮫᰯࡀᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨ࢆኚ࠼ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢᑐ⟇ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾᩍဨࡀᣦᑟ
᪉ἲ➼ࢆኚ࠼ࡓࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᏊ౪ࡢᏛຊ࡟ᙳ
㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᝿ീ࡟㞴ࡃ࡞࠸㸦Boonen et al.㸦2014㸧㸪๓㤿㸦2016㸧
㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᖹ➼࡞ᩍ⫱ࢆ᪋ࡑ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡶᩍဨࡀປാ᫬㛫ࢆቑຍࡉࡏ࡚ᑐᛂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶ
ࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᩍဨࡢປാ⎔ቃ࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡍࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐᛂࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨
ドࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪㏆ᖺศᯒࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡶ㸪Ꮫຊ࡟኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚Ḟ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ኚᩘ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㸦Bedard and Dhuey(2006), Crawford etal.(2014), Kawaguchi㸦2011㸧㸧ࠋ┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟┦㛵ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣపࡃ㸪
9

- 9 -

⏕᮶ࡢᡯ⬟ࡸ SES ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ḟⴠࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ,ᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ⓗᆅ఩ࡸ⫋࡟❧ࡘ☜⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋࡓㄽᩥࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࡢ◊✲ࢸ࣮࣐ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᡂ㛗࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Du et al.(2012), Muller and Page(2016), Tukiainen et al.
(2017㸧)ࠋ
㸦㸰㸧Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢෆ⏕ᛶ➨஧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢෆ⏕ᛶࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏻ᖖ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣእ⏕ⓗ࡟Ỵᐃࡉࢀ௚ࡢኚᩘ
࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡀ㏫ࡢሙྜ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢆ
⪃៖ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀỴᐃࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢሙྜ㸪ᏛຊࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ࠿ࡃ஘せᅉ㸦εit㸧ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣእ⏕ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞
ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ᏛຊࢆỴᐃࡍࡿ࠿ࡃ஘せᅉ㸦εit㸧ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜
࡟࡞ࡾ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟࠿ࡃ஘せᅉࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ┦㛵ࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ
㡪ࡣࡇࡢ┦㛵ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶྵࢇ࡛᥎ᐃࡉࢀࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ㸪≉࡟⩏ົᩍ⫱࡟ᦠࢃࡿබ❧Ꮫᰯ࡛㢖⦾࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮫຊࡢ㧗࠸⏕ᚐࢆ㞟ࡵᑡᩘ⢭㗦ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࡓࢡࣛࢫ⦅ᡂࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪㏫࡟
Ꮫ⩦࡟㏣ຍⓗ࡞ᣦᑟ࣭⿵ຓࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀࡓࡵ࡟㸪≉ู࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡋ࡚ಶࠎࡢඣ
❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ᩍဨࡀ㛵ࢃࡿᐦᗘࢆୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ⤫ィⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢእ⏕ᛶࡀᢸಖࡉࢀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࢀ࡬ࡢᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚㸪౛࠼ࡤ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢฎ⨨ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ㸦Angrist, et al. (2019)㸧
ࠋ㸦㸱㸧፹௓ኚᩘ࡜ࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᐃ໬➨୕࡟㸪᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᐃ໬ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋྠ୍ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ሙྜ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡀ᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡟ᐇែࢆ࡜ࡽ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡣ㔜せ࡞ၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࠋཝᐦ࡟
ゝ࠺࡜㸪ᵓ㐀ࢆ᭱㐺࡟ᤊ࠼ࡓࣔࢹࣝࡣ୍ࡘ࡟≉ᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛ㏙ࡢᅛᐃຠᯝศᯒࡢ
ၥ㢟࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡀ㸪᥎ᐃ࠿ࡽḞⴠࡋࡓኚᩘࡀᏑᅾࡋ஺⤡ຠᯝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ࣂ࢖࢔
ࢫࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪࡝ࡢኚᩘࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙧ࡛᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡢ୰࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴ࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᵓ㐀ࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀኚ
໬ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪፹௓ኚᩘࡢᏑᅾࡶ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ᭱⤊ⓗ࡟Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ୰㛫ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟፹௓ኚᩘࡀᏑᅾࡋ㸪」ᩘࡢ࣮ࣝࢺࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⤖ᯝࢆᑟ࠸࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ஧ࡘࡢ፹௓ኚᩘ A ࡜ B ࡟ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡕ㸪ኚᩘ A ࡀᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ࡟ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪ኚᩘ B ࡀᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ࡟㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡘ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ࡣ཮᪉ࡢຠᯝࡀᡴ
ࡕᾘࡋྜ࠸Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㉳ࡁࡿࠋ፹௓ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ᫂☜࡟ࡋ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢኚ໬ࡣᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ᜍࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢヨࡳࡢከࡃࡣᏛຊ࡬ࡢ┤᥋ⓗᙳ㡪ࢆᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀከࡃ㸪፹௓ኚᩘࢆ
㏻ࡌ࡚ࡢ㛫᥋ⓗຠᯝࢆᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿヨࡳࡣవࡾ࡞ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᏛຊࡢྥୖࡸᡂᯝࡢ⥅⥆ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣᮏேࡢព㆑ࡸ⾜ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚᐜࡀకࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᏛຊ࡜ࡋ࡚㢧ᅾ໬ࡍࡿ๓࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࠾ࡅࡿኚ໬ࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸సᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
፹௓ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡲࡎὀ┠ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡣ㸪ಶࠎ
10- 10 -

ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᩍဨࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆቑຍࡉࡏ㸪ࡼࡾ⣽࠿ࡃಶู࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿవ⿱ࢆᩍᖌ࡟୚࠼ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪┤᥋ⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᚰ᝟࡟ᐤࡾῧ࠸㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ⢭⚄ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣢࡘࠋ
ಶࠎேࡢᡂ㛗ࡸ㧗࠸ᡂᯝࢆ⏕ࡴ⾜ື࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㔜せᛶࡣ㸪᪥ࠎࡢ⏕άࡢ୰࡛ࡶほᐹࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࠶࠼࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿᚲせࡶ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⾡ⓗ࡟ࡶከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗഃ㠃ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢᑻᗘࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ≉࡟㏆ᖺ㸪Heckman ࡽࡢ◊✲(Heckman and Rubinstein(2001), Heckman and Kautz (2012))௨㝆㸪ே⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ᡂຌࢆ཰ࡵࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀᯝࡓࡍᙺ๭ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾ Big 5 ࡞࡝ࡢᚰ⌮ᑻᗘࡸ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀὀ┠ࡉࢀ㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺
࡟࡞ࡗࡓ(ὀ 5)ࠋ
ᏛຊࡢỴᐃᵓ㐀ࢆ᥈ࡿ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡣὀ┠ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ᒸᔱ࣭௚㸦2017㸧ࡸ Ito, Nakamuro and Yamaguchi (2020)ࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢኚ໬ࡀᚰ⌮ࡢ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ഃ㠃࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ࡝ࡢ✀ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿ࢆィࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢୖ

࡛㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࡶලయⓗ࡟᳨ドࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆᥥࡁฟࡍᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿ፹௓ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᩍဨࡸᏛᰯࡢᑐᛂࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀ
ࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ୍ே୍ே࡬ࡢᩍဨࡢ㛵ࢃࡾලྜࢆቑࡸࡍ࡜࠸࠺
ண᝿ࡣ㸪ᢸᙜᩍဨࡀࢡࣛࢫ඲య࡟㛵ࢃࡿດຊࡸ᫬㛫࡟ኚ᭦ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᬯ㯲ࡢ๓ᥦࡢୖ࡟ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ඲ᢞධ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮ࡀ୍ᐃ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࢡࣛࢫࡢேᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡯
࡝୍ேᙜࡓࡾ࡟๭ࡃດຊࡸ᫬㛫ࡣከࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚ᩍဨࡀ࢚ࢿࣝࢠ࣮
ᢞධ㔞ࡸ᫬㛫ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢኚ໬ࡀཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡣ⦆࿴ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᩍဨࡢാࡁ᪉ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡘࡘ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆ ᐃࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪Ꮫᰯࡢᑐᛂࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋつᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞Ꮫ⣭ࡣࢡࣛࢫ⤒Ⴀࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀ
ࡿࠋᏛᰯࡣẚ㍑ⓗ⤒㦂ࢆ✚ࢇࡔࢡࣛࢫ⤒Ⴀ࡟㛗㸦ࡓ㸧ࡅࡓᩍဨࢆᢸ௵ࡸࢡࣛࢫᢸᙜ࡜ࡍࡿ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢᑐᛂࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡢኚ໬ࡀཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ⦆࿴ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࢆᚲࡎࡋࡶᖖ࡟⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺࡭ࡁ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺
Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡿࠋඛࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࡀᏛຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺
᪉ྥ࡛㆟ㄽࡋࡓࠋᅉᯝࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࠿ࡽᏛຊ࡬࡜ྥ࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫຊࡢୖ᪼ࡣඣ
❺⏕ᚐࡢᚰ⌮࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ㸪⮬ಙࢆᣢࡓࡏࡓࡾ⮬ᕫຠຊឤࢆᣢࡓࡏࡓࡾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡞཮᪉ྥࡢᅉᯝࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┤᥋Ꮫຊࢆୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ຠᯝ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྥୖࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㛫᥋ⓗ࡟ࡶᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺࣮ࣝࢺࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ༢⣧ࡍࡂࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋศᯒᡭἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪┦஫ࡢᅉᯝࡀྠ᫬Ⓨ⏕ⓗ࡟㉳ࡁ࡚࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ྠ᫬᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣝࢆ๓ᥦ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮫຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢෆ⏕ᛶࢆࢸࢫࢺࡍࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ⤒࡚㸪᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᙳ㡪ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ᫬㛫ⓗࣛࢢࡢၥ㢟ࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ࠶ࡿኚᩘࡀ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡟୚࠼
ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ୍ᐃࡢ᫬㛫ࢆ࠾࠸࡚㢧ᅾ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ㛗ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿほᐹࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᢅࢃࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿ
ሙྜࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡍࡄ࡟⌧ࢀࡿࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪࠿࡞ࡾࡢ᫬㛫ࢆせࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ▱ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ኚᩘ㛫ࡢ཮᪉ྥࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡸ፹௓ኚᩘࢆ㏻ࡌࡓຠᯝ࡟ࡶࣛࢢࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵ಀࡀ཮᪉ྥ࡛ࢲ࢖ࢼ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞ሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟11- 11 -

ຊࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ㢧ᅾ໬ࡍࡿࡲ࡛࡟࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡾ㸪㏫࡟Ꮫຊ࠿ࡽ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ୍ᐃࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ࠿࠿ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ⥙⨶ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪஺ᕪࣛࢢࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ᛂࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୧᪉࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᥎ᐃ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫຊࡀ୍ᐃࡢ
᫬㛫ࢆ⤒࡚㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࣮ࣝࢺ࡜ࡑࢀ࡜஺ᕪࡍࡿᙧ࡛㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ୍ᐃࡢ᫬
㛫ࢆ⤒࡚Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࣮ࣝࢺࢆࣔࢹࣝ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔୖ࡛㸪௚ᮇ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᵓ⠏ࡋࡓࡀᨾ࡟ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿヨࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸲㸧Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍᑐ㇟ࡢᣑ኱
➨ᅄ࡟㸪⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜࡞ࡿᑐ㇟ࢆᗈࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡟ຍ࠼࡚
㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ
㸦2015㸧ࡸ Ito, Nakamuro, and Yamaguchi (2020)࡞࡝࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⏕ᚐ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᵝࠎ࡞ഃ㠃࡟࠾࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ศᯒࡢ୰ᚰ࡛࠶ࡗࡓᅜㄒ㸪⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍㸪ⱥㄒ௨እࡢ
࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㠀୺せ⛉┠࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡶศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟㡢ᴦࡸ⨾⾡࡞࡝ࡢⱁ⾡㛵ಀ⛉┠ࡣ㸪᝟᧯ᩍ⫱࡜ࡋ࡚ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡀ῝࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤࡸຠ⏝ຊࡢ⫱ᡂࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪య⫱࡞࡝ࡢᡂᯝࡶぢ㐣ࡈࡏ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪వࡾὀ┠ࢆᾎࡧ࡚ࡇ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⛉┠ࡢᙺ๭ࢆぢ┤ࡍࡇ࡜ࡶヨࡳࡽࢀ࡞ࡅ
ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸰㸬ྛ❶ࡢศᯒㄢ㢟௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㆟ㄽࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ྛ❶ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࡇࢀ௨㝆ࡢ➨㸯❶࡛ࡣ㸪᭱ᑠ஧஌ἲ㸦OLS ᥎ᐃ㸧࡞࡝ࡢᇶᮏⓗ࡞ศᯒࢆヨࡳ඲యࡢ≉ᚩࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ
࡛ከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓศᯒ࠿ࡽጞࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪௒ᅇࡢ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿᆅᇦࡸᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࢆࡲࡎᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ
➨㸱❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ୺㍈࡜࡞ࡿసᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࠋඛ࡟㆟ㄽࡋࡓၥ㢟ⅬࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡲࡎࣃࢿࣝศᯒࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪ほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ኚᩘࡢ⏕ࡳฟࡍࣂ࢖
࢔ࢫࢆ᫝ṇࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࢆヨࡳࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢෆ⏕ᛶ࡟ࡶᑐฎࡋ㸪⤖ᯝࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘኚ᭦ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡶᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ 2 ḟ㡯ࢆ᥎ᐃ࡟ྵࡴࡇ࡜࡛᭱㐺࡞Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡶ᥈ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡓ SES ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿ᝟ሗࢆ౑⏝ࡋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ஺ᕪ㡯ࢆ᥎ᐃ࡟฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᳨ᐃࡍࡿ௬ㄝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ᩍဨࡢᡭࡀ⾜ࡁᒆࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟ SES ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୙฼ࢆ⿵࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㏫࡟㸪つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢᙺ๭ࡀᑠࡉࡃ
࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪SES ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃฟࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
➨㸲❶௨㝆࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡢつᐃせᅉࢆ᥈ࡿࡓࡵ࡟࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᏛຊࢆつᐃࡍࡿせᅉࡢ᥎ᐃᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ษ∦㡯ࡀࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ศᕸࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺᮲௳ୗ࡛ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘᐃ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪➨㸳❶ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥈ࡾ㸪➨㸴❶࡛ࡣᵓ㐀᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ㸦Structural Equation Modeling: SEM 㸧ࡢᢏἲࢆ౑ࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨ㓄⨨ࡸປാ᫬㛫ࡢኚ᭦࡜Ꮫຊࡢ 3 ⪅㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋ
12- 12 -

➨㸵❶࡛ࡣ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚᥎ᐃᘧ࡟ධࢀࡓሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚
࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀ┦㛵ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪୍⯡࡟᥎ᐃᘧ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡞࠸㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ፹௓ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡢ㛵ಀࡶ᥈ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ᥎ᐃᘧ࠿ࡽḞⴠࡋࡓሙྜ࡟⏕ࡌࡿ᥎ᐃࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ
᥎ᐃᘧࡢ≉ᐃ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウࡶ㐍ࡵࡿࠋ➨㸳❶࡛㆟ㄽࡉࢀࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢ⾜ືኚ໬࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪➨㸴❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡸᢸᙜᩍဨࡢᒓᛶࡢ㐪࠸➼࡟ὀ┠ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀࡑࢀࡽࡢኚ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⦆࿴ࡉࢀ࡚᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆぢࡿࠋ➨  ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛫ࡢ஺ᕪຠᯝࡀࣛࢢࢆకࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࣔࢹࣝࢆ㐺ᛂࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
㏣ຍࡢసᴗ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⿵ㄽղ࡛ࡣ㸪㱘ṑ㸦࠺ࡋ㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᝟ሗࡀᐙᗞࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ≧ἣ㸦SES㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍ௦⌮ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡢศᯒࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࠋSES ࡣᏛຊࡸ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ධᡭࡋ࡙ࡽ࠸᝟ሗ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ṑ⛉᳨デࡣ඲࡚ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ࠿ࡘ⵳✚ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡀ SES
ࡸぶࡢࢣ࢔ࢆ௦⾲ࡍࡿኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚᭷ຠ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ౯್ࡀぢ┤ࡉࢀྠ✀ࡢ◊✲࡛ᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟฼⏝ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ᩥ⌮⼥ྜ◊✲ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ㛤ࡃࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ྛ❶ࡢᇳ➹࡜ࡑࡢඖ࡜࡞ࡗࡓసᴗ࡬ࡢ㈉⊩ࢆ᫂グࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋྛ❶࡟ࡣศᯒࡸᇳ➹ࢆᢸᙜࡋࡓ୺࡞⪅ࡢྡ๓ࡢࡳࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࢆ㐍ࡵࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪1 ㄢ㢟᳨ウ㸪2 ㄪᰝタィ㸪3 ㄪᰝ⚊సᡂ㸪4 ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟࣭ᩚഛཬࡧࡑࢀࡽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㆟ㄽ࡟ࡶከ኱࡞సᴗࡀకࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཰㞟࣭ᩚഛ➼࡟ከࡃࡢ᫬㛫࡜࢚ࣇ࢛࣮ࢺࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡽ࡟୺࡟㛵ࢃࡗࡓ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
1 ㄢ㢟᳨ウ  㣤⏣ ᫍⰋ㸪኱㇂ ☐㸪ᒸᔱ ⿱Ꮚ㸪ᰠ⃝ ᑑಙ㸪ጒᑿ ΅㸪  ୰ᮧ ு௓㸪ᖹᑿ ᬛ㝯㸪໭ᲄ 㞞୍㸪ᯇ⦾ ᑑ࿴ 
2 ㄪᰝタィ㸪3 ㄪᰝ⚊సᡂ  ᒸᔱ ⿱Ꮚ㸪ᰠ⃝ ᑑಙ㸪ጒᑿ ΅㸪୰ᮧ ு௓㸪ᖹᑿ ᬛ㝯㸪  ໭ᲄ 㞞୍㸪ᯇ⦾ ᑑ࿴ 
4 ࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟࣭ᩚഛ  X ┴ A ᕷ㸸

2016-2022 ᖺᗘ㸧ᒸᔱ ⿱Ꮚ㸪ᰠ⃝ ᑑಙ    

2018-2022 ᖺᗘ㸧㣤⏣ ᫍⰋ㸪኱㇂ ☐  Y ┴㸸

2018-2022 ᖺᗘ㸧㣤⏣ ᫍⰋ   ᩍဨ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ

2017-2019 ᖺᗘ㸧୰ᮧ ு௓ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ㸧
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Statistical Society. Series A, 㸦Statistics in Society㸧, 177㸦4㸧, pp.829-860.
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on Cognitive and Non-cognitive Skills”, Japan and the World Economy, (53), 100977.
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Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2), pp. 497-532.
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from Project STAR”, Economic Journal, 111, pp.1-28.
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Effect in the US Congress”, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series A(Statistics in Society), 179(3), pp.809-829.
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Wooldridge J. M. (2013) Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach, 5th ed., SouthWestern, pp.447.
ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ(2017)ࠕࢡࣛࢫ
ࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ―⮬↛ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࣐ࣝࢳࣞ
࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド―ࠖࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘➨ 65 㞟, 451-465 㡫ࠋᒸᔱ⿱Ꮚ࣭ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ࣭ጒᑿ΅࣭ᖹᑿᬛ㝯࣭ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦2017㸧ࠕබ❧୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿබᩥᘧ
Ꮫ⩦ࡢຠᯝ―ఱࡀᏛ⩦ጼໃࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿㸽ࠖOSIPP Discussion Paper : DP-2017-J-001Rev
ᑠሷ ┿ྖ ⦅ⴭ (2021)ࠗ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ: ᴫᛕ࣭ ᐃ࡜ᩍ⫱ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࠘໭኱㊰᭩ᡣᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ (2015) ࠗᏛ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡜ࡑࡢ㐣⛬࠘ᖹᡂ
25-26 ᖺᗘࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ ࠕᑡேᩘᣦᑟ࣭ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲ࠖ ㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩
ᮡỤಟ἞(1996)ࠕᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࠖࠗ୰ி኱Ꮫᩍ㣴ㄽྀ࠘37(1)㸪147-190 㡫ጒᑿ΅࣭⠛ᓮṊஂ࣭໭ᲄ㞞୍㸦2013㸧ࠕ༢Ꮫ⣭ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃࠖ
ࠗᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ⣖せ࠘ ➨ 142 㞟, 161-173 㡫๓㤿ඃ⟇(2016)ࠕᤵᴗᨵ㠉ࡣᏛຊ᱁ᕪࢆ⦰ᑠࡋࡓ࠿ࠖᚿỈᏹྜྷ࣭㧗⏣୍ᏹ⦅࣐ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࣭
ࢨ࣭ࢠࣕࢵࣉ㸟 ؐ ⌧௦᪥ᮏࡢᏛຊ᱁ᕪ࡜ࡑࡢඞ᭹࠘኱㜰኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ 81‒106 㡫ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦2013㸧ࠕ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔᱁ᕪࡢጞⅬࠖ ᖹᑿ࣭ᱵᓮ࣭ᯇ⦾ ඹ⦅ⴭࠗᩍ⫱ຠᯝࡢᐇド : ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ᙧᡂ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᭷ຠᛶ࠘➨ 12 ❶ 217-236 㡫 ᪥ᮏホㄽ♫ὀ1 ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪1980 ᖺ௦࡟⡿ᅜࢸࢿࢩ࣮ᕞ࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓ STAR㸦StudentTeacher Achievement Ratio㸧ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟୍㒊ࡢඣ❺ࢆᑡேᩘᏛ⣭࡟᣺ࡾศࡅ㸪Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࡸᏛ⩦ែᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᕪࢆほᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪
Krueger and Whitmore(2001)࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ㏣㊧ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪኱Ꮫධヨ᫬࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᕪࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ຠᯝࡀṧ␃ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2 ᯇ⦾㸦2013㸧࡛ࡣ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡣᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺ᫬ࡢ
ඣ❺ࡢᡂ⦼࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ぶࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗᆅ఩ࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡀᑠࡉ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺ᫬ࡢᡂ⦼ࡀᡂ㛗ᚋࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗᆅ఩࡜ᙉࡃ┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࡀṧࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
3 Wooldridge (2013)ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㸪ィ㔞⤒῭Ꮫࡢධ㛛ᩍ⛉᭩࡛ࡶࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㈤㔠ࡢỴᐃせᅉࢆศᯒࡍࡿ㝿࡟ᩍ⫱ᖺᩘ࡜ほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠕ⏕᮶ࡢ⬟ຊࠖ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࡢၥ㢟ࡀྲྀࡾୖࡆࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋ
4 ࡇࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐಶேࡢୖ఩㝵ᒙ࡟Ꮫᰯ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᆅᇦࢆタᐃࡍࡿศᯒ࡛ࡶၥ㢟࡟࡞ࡿࠋ5 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡸࡑࢀ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᑻᗘࡣᩘከࡃ࠶ࡿ㸦ᑠሷ ⦅ⴭ㸦2021㸧
㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ
࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ᑻᗘ࡜㛵ಀࡍࡿ࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡞సᴗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

15- 15 -

㸰⠇ 2/6 ᥎ᐃ㸯㸬ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡸ⦰ᑠࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡬࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡢ࠿㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ၥ㢟㛵ᚰࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿྂ඾ⓗ࡞ၥ࠸࡜ࡋ࡚௒ࡶ࡞࠾ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྂࡃࡣ 1960 ᖺ௦࡟࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝බ⾲ࡉࢀࡓࢥ࣮࣐ࣝࣥሗ࿌㸦Coleman et al(1966)㸧࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢຠᯝࢆ ᐃࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㑊ࡅ࡚ࡣ㏻ࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪๓⠇࡛ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᐇド◊✲࡟ࡣ⤫ィⓗᡭἲࡀᢪ࠼ࡿㄢ㢟ࡶከࡃṧࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⌧ᅾࡶ࡞࠾Ỵᐃⓗ࡞⤖ㄽࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪๓⠇࡛⤂௓ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ Angrist and Lavy㸦1999㸧࡟ࡼࡿ᧯సኚᩘἲ㸦IV
ἲ㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࢆᄏ▮㸦ࡇ࠺ࡋ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢㄢ㢟ࢆඞ᭹ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸᥎ィᡭἲ࣭ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥࡀⓏሙࡋ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᅉᯝ᥎ィࡢ᪉ἲࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᚋ࡟⥆ࡃ➨㸰㒊ࡢᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪂ࡋ࠸᥎ィᡭἲࢆᅜෆࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟㐺⏝ࡋࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡀ㸪ࡲࡎᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢᐇド◊✲࡛ࡢྂ඾ⓗ࡞ศᯒᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ OLS ᥎ᐃ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪ᚋ࡟⥆ࡃྛ❶ࡢ࣋ࣥࢳ࣐࣮ࢡ࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸰㸬᪉ἲ㸦㸯㸧ศᯒᑐ㇟
ᮏሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡜ Y ┴ࡀ⊂⮬࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛຊㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2014㹼2018 ᖺᗘࡢྛᖺ 12 ᭶࡟ᕷෆࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓ
Ꮫຊㄪᰝࡢ 5 ࠿ᖺศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ⮬἞య࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࢆᏛຊㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜㄒ㸦ᑠ 1㹼୰ 2㸧㸪⟬ᩘ㸦ᑠ 1㹼ᑠ 6㸧࣭ᩘᏛ㸦୰ 1㹼୰
2㸧㸪⌮⛉㸦ᑠ 3㹼୰ 2㸧㸪♫఍㸦ᑠ 3㹼୰ 2㸧㸪ⱥㄒ㸦୰ 1㹼୰ 2㸧ࡢィ 5 ᩍ⛉࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫຊࡢᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪඲ᅜࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ⏝࠸࡚೫ᕪ್࡟᥮⟬ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ
 Y ┴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2015㹼2019 ᖺᗘࡢྛᖺ 4 ᭶࡟┴ෆࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ㸦୍㒊኱㒔ᕷࡢᏛᰯࡣ㝖ࡃࠋ㸧࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᏛຊㄪᰝࡢ 5 ࠿ᖺศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ⮬἞య࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࢆᏛຊㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜㄒ㸦ᑠ 4㹼୰ 3㸧㸪⟬ᩘ㸦ᑠ 4㹼
ᑠ 6㸧࣭ᩘᏛ㸦୰ 1㹼୰ 3㸧㸪ⱥㄒ㸦୰ 2㹼୰ 3㸧ࡢィ 3 ᩍ⛉࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫຊࡢᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪IRT ᚓⅬࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋIRT ᚓⅬ࡜ࡣ㸪㡯┠཯ᛂ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ྛᖺᗘࡢヨ㦂ၥ㢟ࡢ㞴᫆ᗘࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚⤒ᖺ࡛ࡢẚ㍑ࢆྍ⬟࡟ࡋࡓᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡣ᪂
Ꮫᖺ࡟㐍⣭ࡋ࡚ࡍࡄࡢ 4 ᭶ᐇ᪋ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ๓ᖺᗘࡲ࡛࡟⋓ᚓࡋࡓᏛຊࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪๓ᖺᗘࡢᏛᖺேᩘࢆ๓ᖺᗘࡢᏛ⣭ᩘ࡛㝖ࡋࡓ್ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᥎ィ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪 2016 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡢ 4 ࠿ᖺศ㸪ᑐ㇟ࡣᑠ 5㹼୰ 3 ࡜࡞ࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡜ Y ┴ࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡶඣ❺⏕ᚐ୍ே୍ே࡟ ID ࢆ⣣㸦ࡦࡶ㸧௜ࡅ
16- 16 -

࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⤒ᖺ࡛ࡢ㏣㊧ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧ศᯒࣔࢹࣝ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡲࡎࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓྂ඾ⓗ࡞ศᯒᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ OLS ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ♧ࡉࢀࡿ┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ༢఩ࡢࢹ࣮
ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫᖺつᶍ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᛶู㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪Ꮫᰯࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪OLS ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆᏛຊᑻᗘ㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ྛᖺᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡈ࡜࡟ OLS ᥎ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
㸱㸬⤖ᯝ㸦㸯㸧X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ィࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㹼㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪୺࡟᭷ពỈ‽ 1㸣㸦***㸧㸪ཬࡧ 5㸣㸦**㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ㸧
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅜㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⟬ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2016 ᖺᗘ࡟㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀపୗ
ࡍࡿ㛵ಀ㸧ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ⌮⛉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2015 ᖺᗘࡣṇࡢ┦㛵㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ㸧㸪2016 ᖺᗘ࡜ 2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ṇ㈇ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2014 ᖺᗘ㸪2015 ᖺᗘࡣṇ࡛᭷ព㸪2016 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ṇ㈇ࡀ
␗࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

17- 17 -

⾲㸯 ᑠᏛᰯ࣭ᅜㄒ
2014ᖺᗘ
0.011(0.037)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
3.111***(0.216)ᑠᏛ㸰ᖺ⏕
1.437***(0.366)ᑠᏛ㸱ᖺ⏕
0.729*(0.390)ᑠᏛ㸲ᖺ⏕-0.217(0.401)ᑠᏛ㸳ᖺ⏕
1.663***(0.397)ᑠᏛ㸴ᖺ⏕
0.203(0.388)Ꮫᖺつᶍ
0.012(0.010)ᐃᩘ㡯
48.705***(1.303)
ほ ᩘ
7,417
R2
0.052
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ2015ᖺᗘ
0.034(0.036)
3.318***(0.207)
1.159***(0.355)1.401***(0.434)0.646*(0.383)0.353(0.394)3.042***(0.392)-0.008(0.010)49.292***(1.400)
7,523
0.056

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.036(0.032)3.265***(0.198)0.811**(0.338)0.895**(0.377)
1.693***(0.397)0.443(0.362)0.471(0.375)0.003(0.008)52.296***(1.274)
7,643
0.048

18

- 18 -

2017ᖺᗘ
0.031(0.030)3.126***(0.191)1.030***(0.333)-0.625*(0.345)0.275(0.347)1.342***(0.346)0.399(0.354)-0.007(0.008)50.040***(1.224)
7,898
0.054

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.025(0.028)2.905***(0.190)1.220***(0.326)0.473(0.366)
0.949***(0.361)1.618***(0.373)
1.151***(0.357)-0.009(0.007)50.934***(1.080)
8,075
0.044

⾲㸰 ᑠᏛᰯ࣭⟬ᩘ
2014ᖺᗘ
0.040(0.037)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.161(0.217)ᑠᏛ㸰ᖺ⏕-1.663***(0.368)ᑠᏛ㸱ᖺ⏕-0.681*(0.391)ᑠᏛ㸲ᖺ⏕
0.284(0.403)ᑠᏛ㸳ᖺ⏕-1.313***(0.398)ᑠᏛ㸴ᖺ⏕
0.322(0.389)Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.010(0.010)ᐃᩘ㡯
51.633***(1.306)
ほ ᩘ
7,427
R2
0.024
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ2015ᖺᗘ
-0.001(0.039)-0.203(0.225)2.072***(0.387)2.798***(0.472)2.403***(0.418)2.010***(0.429)2.880***(0.427)-0.008(0.011)51.317***(1.528)
7,533
0.024

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.110***(0.033)0.173(0.208)1.346***(0.356)
1.888***(0.397)1.455***(0.418)1.183***(0.382)2.137***(0.395)-0.020**(0.009)58.008***(1.342)
7,644
0.024

19

- 19 -

2017ᖺᗘ
0.056*(0.032)-0.010(0.204)
1.106***(0.356)-0.687*(0.369)0.540(0.371)1.304***(0.370)1.958***(0.378)-0.002(0.009)50.381***(1.307)
7,913
0.020

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.032(0.029)-0.047(0.196)0.153(0.336)0.097(0.378)0.483(0.373)-0.519(0.385)1.679***(0.369)-0.014*(0.007)53.690***(1.114)
8,072
0.020

⾲㸱 ᑠᏛᰯ࣭⌮⛉2014ᖺᗘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ-0.029(0.046)
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.479*(0.265)ᑠᏛ㸲ᖺ⏕-3.833***(0.383)ᑠᏛ㸳ᖺ⏕
0.224(0.379)ᑠᏛ㸴ᖺ⏕-0.891**(0.379)Ꮫᖺつᶍ
0.038***(0.014)ᐃᩘ㡯
50.479***(1.706)
ほ ᩘ
4,830
R2
0.060
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ

2015ᖺᗘ
0.174***(0.045)0.936***(0.273)-1.730***(0.445)1.134***(0.411)1.217***(0.409)0.045***(0.014)43.585***(2.164)
4,898
0.052

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.141***(0.043)0.567**(0.255)0.113(0.359)-2.941***(0.377)-1.337***(0.362)-0.033***(0.013)60.906***(1.914)
5,004
0.038

2017ᖺᗘ
-0.109***(0.036)
0.527**(0.236)-1.833***(0.338)-1.194***(0.333)-1.276***(0.372)-0.026**(0.013)58.740***(1.744)
5,205
0.026

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.045(0.034)
0.632**(0.247)0.906***(0.350)0.876**(0.351)1.609***(0.354)-0.042***(0.012)54.096***(1.574)
5,257
0.021

2015ᖺᗘ
0.117**(0.050)1.665***(0.301)-0.322(0.492)-0.598(0.454)-0.054(0.451)
0.043***(0.016)45.939***(2.396)
4,901
0.024

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.085*(0.043)
1.098***(0.259)0.106(0.364)0.407(0.383)-1.301***(0.368)0.012(0.013)56.159***(1.941)
4,997
0.023

2017ᖺᗘ
0.027(0.037)1.255***(0.246)0.317(0.352)0.515(0.347)-0.919**(0.388)-0.025*(0.014)52.314***(1.817)
5,205
0.018

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.034(0.035)1.084***(0.254)0.834**(0.360)1.663***(0.362)-0.508(0.364)-0.021*(0.013)51.798***(1.620)
5,252
0.025

⾲㸲 ᑠᏛᰯ࣭♫఍
2014ᖺᗘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ0.114**(0.050)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
1.457***(0.290)ᑠᏛ㸲ᖺ⏕-1.469***(0.419)ᑠᏛ㸳ᖺ⏕-1.723***(0.415)ᑠᏛ㸴ᖺ⏕-2.055***(0.415)Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.006(0.016)ᐃᩘ㡯
51.326***(1.868)
ほ ᩘ
4,832
R2
0.028
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ

20- 20 -

㸦㸰㸧X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ ⥆࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ィࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸳㹼㸷࡟♧ࡍࠋ
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅜㄒ㸪ᩘᏛ㸪♫఍㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⌮⛉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2016 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⾲㸳 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭ᅜㄒ
2014ᖺᗘ
0.191(0.136)
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
4.393***(0.424)୰Ꮫ㸰ᖺ⏕-1.695***(0.443)Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.009(0.048)ᐃᩘ㡯
46.170***(10.746)
ほ ᩘ
2,087
R2
0.080
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ2015ᖺᗘ
-0.077(0.107)3.419***(0.404)0.772*(0.448)0.014(0.028)51.355***(7.479)
2,177
0.046

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.083(0.088)3.587***(0.394)-1.501***(0.394)-0.043(0.031)64.683***(5.685)
2,142
0.058

2017ᖺᗘ
0.006(0.096)3.385***(0.388)0.434(0.447)-0.026(0.038)57.803***(7.040)
2,208
0.065

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.011(0.109)3.921***(0.402)-0.190(0.459)0.037**(0.018)43.547***(4.619)
2,170
0.060

2015ᖺᗘ
-0.108(0.112)0.738*(0.424)2.751***(0.470)0.047(0.029)45.940***(7.844)
2,181
0.043

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.097(0.090)0.421(0.402)-1.216***(0.403)-0.020(0.031)63.419***(5.805)
2,141
0.029

2017ᖺᗘ
-0.021(0.103)0.971**(0.416)0.747(0.480)-0.002(0.040)56.773***(7.545)
2,208
0.031

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.012(0.112)
1.184***(0.415)0.022(0.474)0.056***(0.018)41.774***(4.767)
2,174
0.034

⾲㸴 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭ᩘᏛ
2014ᖺᗘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
0.198(0.131)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
1.514***(0.408)୰Ꮫ㸰ᖺ⏕
0.022(0.426)Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.007(0.047)ᐃᩘ㡯
47.310***(10.333)
ほ ᩘ
2,086
R2
0.026
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ

21- 21 -

⾲㸵 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭⌮⛉2014ᖺᗘ
-0.087(0.149)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.382(0.463)୰Ꮫ㸰ᖺ⏕-2.054***(0.484)Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.009(0.053)ᐃᩘ㡯
57.835***(11.727)
ほ ᩘ
2,078
R2
0.031
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ2015ᖺᗘ
-0.005(0.120)0.050(0.455)2.440***(0.503)-0.016(0.032)54.241***(8.415)
2,188
0.019

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.201**(0.092)0.464(0.414)0.368(0.415)-0.099***(0.032)80.005***(5.968)
2,136
0.023

2017ᖺᗘ
0.000(0.104)0.079(0.423)1.289***(0.487)0.051(0.041)42.029***(7.664)
2,209
0.018

2018ᖺᗘ
0.130(0.114)0.694*(0.420)1.486***(0.480)0.061***(0.019)34.298***(4.812)
2,177
0.033

2015ᖺᗘ
0.161(0.110)-0.782*(0.414)3.066***(0.459)-0.012(0.029)46.509***(7.679)
2,175
0.038

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.004(0.092)-0.630(0.411)-2.163***(0.411)-0.024(0.032)60.783***(5.921)
2,139
0.039

2017ᖺᗘ
0.016(0.101)-0.656(0.411)-2.014***(0.474)0.061(0.040)40.443***(7.450)
2,202
0.034

2018ᖺᗘ
0.087(0.115)-0.316(0.423)-0.484(0.483)0.087***(0.019)32.230***(4.857)
2,172
0.035

⾲㸶 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭♫఍
2014ᖺᗘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
0.167(0.144)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
-0.516(0.449)୰Ꮫ㸰ᖺ⏕-1.117**(0.469)Ꮫᖺつᶍ
0.086*(0.051)ᐃᩘ㡯
29.295***(11.357)
ほ ᩘ
2,089
R2
0.046
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1
Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮

22

- 22 -

⾲㸷 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭ⱥㄒ
2014ᖺᗘ
0.010(0.128)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
2.717***(0.401)୰Ꮫ㸰ᖺ⏕-2.819***(0.418)Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.029(0.046)ᐃᩘ㡯
61.708***(10.154)
ほ ᩘ
2,079
R2
0.073
Standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ2015ᖺᗘ
-0.153(0.109)2.441***(0.411)1.464***(0.455)0.011(0.028)57.930***(7.601)
2,190
0.053

2016ᖺᗘ
-0.093(0.090)2.704***(0.404)-0.707*(0.404)-0.016(0.032)62.104***(5.818)
2,140
0.039

2017ᖺᗘ
-0.087(0.101)2.893***(0.410)-1.376***(0.471)
0.045(0.040)50.770***(7.423)
2,211
0.048

2018ᖺᗘ
-0.058(0.117)3.086***(0.430)-1.027**(0.492)0.068***(0.019)44.266***(4.933)
2,176
0.047

㸦㸱㸧Y ┴࣭ᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ ⥆࠸࡚㸪Y ┴࣭ᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ィࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸮㹼㸯㸯࡟♧ࡍࠋ
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅜㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢࡳṇ࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ⟬ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ࡟㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⾲㸯㸮 ᑠᏛᰯ࣭ᅜㄒ
2016ᖺᗘ
2017ᖺᗘ
-3.51e-05-3.09e-05(0.00161)(0.00179)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.428***
0.527***(0.00842)(0.00958)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.000437-0.000795(0.000623) (0.000697)
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕
0.422***
0.622***(0.00853)(0.00978)ᐃᩘ㡯
-0.380***-0.572***(0.125)(0.138)ほ ᩘ
96,451
97,082
R2
0.089
0.110
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ2018ᖺᗘ
0.000124(0.00176)
0.552***(0.00970)
0.00105(0.000678)
0.596***(0.00971)-0.891***(0.144)
98,2020.110

23- 23 -

2019ᖺᗘ
0.00359**(0.00182)
0.537***(0.00974)-6.22e-05(0.000673)
1.035***(0.00982)-1.145***(0.148)97,0860.171

⾲㸯㸯 ᑠᏛᰯ࣭⟬ᩘ
2016ᖺᗘ
2017ᖺᗘ
-0.00196
0.000211(0.00163)(0.00138)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.0370***0.00910(0.00871)(0.00747)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ-0.000873 -0.00180***(0.000651) (0.000554)
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕
0.281***
0.414***(0.00883)(0.00764)ᐃᩘ㡯-0.05540.0500(0.125)(0.112)ほ ᩘ
96,45097,087
R2
0.047
0.074
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ2018ᖺᗘ
-0.00186(0.00123)-0.0220***(0.00678)-0.000424(0.000478)
0.359***(0.00680)-0.0804(0.111)
98,1870.073

2019ᖺᗘ
-0.00265*(0.00154)-0.0832***(0.00830)
0.000192(0.000582)
0.233***(0.00839)
0.00879(0.126)
97,092
0.049

㸦㸲㸧Y ┴࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ⥆࠸࡚㸪Y ┴࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ィࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸰㹼㸯㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋ
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2016㹼2019 ᖺᗘࡢ඲࡚ࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀపୗࡍ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡣ㈇࡛᭷
ព࡞㛵㐃ᛶࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸰 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭ᅜㄒ
2016ᖺᗘ
2017ᖺᗘ
2018ᖺᗘ
2019ᖺᗘ
-0.00461*** -0.00535*** -0.00326*** -0.00177*(0.00102)(0.00118)(0.00103)(0.00107)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.349***
0.377***
0.327***
0.386***(0.00602)(0.00682)(0.00657)(0.00682)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
0.000149-3.76e-05 0.000334*** 0.000140(0.000111) (0.000130) (0.000120) (0.000124)
୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕
0.327***
0.337***
0.339***
0.338***(0.0107)(0.0126)(0.0114)(0.0116)
୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕
0.863***
0.775***
0.754***
0.786***(0.0112)(0.0130)(0.0123)(0.0120)ᐃᩘ㡯
0.202***
0.388***
0.191***-0.0358(0.0623)(0.0647)(0.0639)(0.0745)ほ ᩘ
143,021141,083
138,551
136,605
R2
0.131
0.101
0.104
0.107
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

24- 24 -

⾲㸯㸱 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭ᩘᏛ
2016ᖺᗘ
2017ᖺᗘ
2018ᖺᗘ
2019ᖺᗘ
-0.00565*** -0.00615*** -0.00588*** -0.00361***(0.00113)(0.00104)(0.000989)(0.00111)
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.00317-0.00502-0.0171*** -0.0329***(0.00692)(0.00610)(0.00620)(0.00695)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ-9.06e-05
0.000220* 0.000498*** 1.31e-06(0.000126) (0.000115) (0.000116) (0.000132)
୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕
0.227***
0.376***
0.237***
0.338***(0.0121)(0.0110)(0.0110)(0.0123)
୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕
0.789***
0.714***
0.709***
0.617***(0.0128)(0.0114)(0.0118)(0.0123)ᐃᩘ㡯
0.172**
0.242***
0.199***
0.0238(0.0679)(0.0582)(0.0608)(0.0714)ほ ᩘ
143,004
141,062
138,530
136,590
R2
0.084
0.090
0.092
0.067
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ⾲㸯㸲 ୰Ꮫᰯ࣭ⱥㄒ
2016ᖺᗘ
2017ᖺᗘ
-0.00221-0.00411**(0.00211)(0.00200)ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
0.298***
0.244***(0.00762)(0.00740)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ-2.19e-05
0.000437(0.000382) (0.000378)
୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕
0.583***
0.762***(0.00792)(0.00767)ᐃᩘ㡯
-0.356***-0.110(0.117)(0.108)ほ ᩘ
95,767
94,671
R2
0.118
0.154
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮᭷ࡾ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ2018ᖺᗘ
-0.00531**(0.00209)0.243***(0.00784)
0.000443(0.000365)
0.825***(0.00829)
0.0146(0.107)93,0240.153

25- 25 -

2019ᖺᗘ
-0.000641(0.00185)
0.242***(0.00773)
0.000180(0.000404)
0.474***(0.00794)
0.00202(0.112)
90,1080.100㸲㸬⪃ᐹ㸦㸯㸧ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡛ࡣ㸪⟬ᩘ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪⌮⛉࡜♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㏫࡟ṇ࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉
࡛㸪Y ┴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⟬ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ࡛㸪㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᅜㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㏫࡟ṇ࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
㸦㸰㸧୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ㸪ᩘᏛ㸪♫఍㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⌮⛉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Y ┴࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢᖺᗘ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀపୗࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ࡛㈇࡛᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋ
㸦㸱㸧ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ㄢ㢟 ᚑ᮶ࡢྂ඾ⓗ࡞ศᯒᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡟ṇ㈇୧
᪉ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡟㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣࡳࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟㸦ᆅᇦ㸪ᖺᗘ㸪ᩍ⛉㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪࠿࡞ࡾ␗࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᆅᇦ࣭Ꮫᖺࡈ࡜ࡢ≉ᛶࡢ㐪࠸㸪Ꮫຊᑻᗘࡢ┦㐪㸪OLS ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡢ೫ࡾ㸪࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪OLS ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡢ೫ࡾ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋ⥆ࡢᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅࡟࡚ゎỴࢆヨࡳࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋጒᑿ΅㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧


ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩


Angrist, J. D. and Lavy, V. (1999), “Using Maimonides’ Rule to Estimate the Effect ofClass Size on Scholastic Achievement”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2),pp.533-575.
Coleman, J, S. et al. (1966), Equality of Educational Opportunity, U.S. Government
Printing Office.
26- 26 -

➨㸰❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸯⠇ ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࣭ඛ⾜◊✲㸯㸬⠇ࡢࡣࡌࡵ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆ⦰ᑠࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࡢྥୖࡸᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗഃ㠃ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾᚓࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅜෆእ࡛኱ࡁ࡞◊✲ୖࡢ㛵ᚰࡀᡶࢃࢀ㸪ࡲࡓ⇕࠸ᨻ⟇ⓗ࡞㆟ㄽࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀࡑࡢᏛ⣭ࡢᵓᡂဨࡓࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢㄆ▱࣭Ꮫຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰⓗᶵ⬟ࡸᛶ㉁ࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠸࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪஧ࡘࡢ⮬἞యࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᐇドⓗ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
↓ㄽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᪤࡟ᅜෆእ࡛┦ᙜᩘࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿヂ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ᪉ἲࡸ▱ぢ➼࡟Ꮫࡧ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪᪂ࡓ࡞ศᯒཬࡧ⪃✲ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆ᥈ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ṧ࡟㸪ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡜ࡳ࡟ὀ┠ᗘࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࡑࢀࡣఱࢆᣦࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ࡢ࠿㸪ఱᨾ࡟⌧ᅾ㸪㔜せどࡉࢀࡿ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ᴫㄝࡋࡓ
ୖ࡛㸪ࡑࡢⓎ㐩࡟ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯࡸᏛ⣭ࡢ୰࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ࠸࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋᚓࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟⤡ࡳᚓࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᴫほࡋࡘࡘ㸪⌮ㄽⓗᩚ⌮ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸰㸬ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿㸽࡞ࡐ㔜せ࡞ࡢ࠿㸽 ⌧ᅾ㸪ୡ⏺ࡣ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ“VUCA”࡞᫬௦ࡢ┤୰㸦ࡓࡔ࡞࠿㸧࡟ᅾࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ“VUCA”
࡜ࡣ㸪Volatility㸦⃭ື㸧㸪Uncertainty㸦୙☜ᐇ㸧㸪Complexity㸦」㞧㸧㸪Ambiguity㸦᭕᫕㸧࡜࠸࠺ᅄࡘࡢⱥ༢ㄒࡢ㢌ᩥᏐࢆ୪࡭࡚ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ㐀ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿヂ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ṇ࡟ே㢮ࡣ௒㸪┠ࡲࡄࡿࡋࡃኚ໬ࡋ㸪ඛࡢぢ㏻ࡋࡢ฼࠿࡞࠸㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᛮ᝿ࡸ౯್ࡶྵࡵᵝࠎ࡞せ⣲ࡀ」㞧࡟⤡ࡳྜ࠸㸪ఱࡀⰋࡃ࡚ఱࡀᝏ࠸ࡢ࠿ࡢᇶ‽ࡶᴟࡵ࡚᭕᫕࡞≧ἣࡢ୰࡛㸪᫂☜࡞ᑐฎࡢ௙
᪉ࢆ࠸ࡲࡔぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡠࡲࡲᙜ࡚ᡤ㸦࡝㸧࡞ࡃᦂ᭥㸦ࡼ࠺࠼࠸㸧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ
࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࡢ㐍ᒎࡣ෶㸦ࡍࡉ㸧ࡲࡌࡃ㸪Ṧ࡟ AI ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᶵ⬟ࡀேࡢ⬻ࡢຊࢆ෽㥙㸦ࡾࡻ࠺ࡀ㸧ࡍࡿ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࢩࣥࢠࣗࣛࣜࢸ࢕㸦ᢏ⾡ⓗ≉␗Ⅼ㸧࡟㐩ࡍࡿࡢࡶࡑ࠺㐲࠸ᮍ᮶࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ୰㸪ࡇࢀ࠿ࡽඛࡢ᫬௦ࢆࡓࡃࡲࡋࡃ⏕ࡁᢤ࠸࡚࠸࠿࡞ࡃ࡚࡞ࡽ࡞࠸Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡀ
࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᚰࡢຊ㸻ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ࣮ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠾ࡃ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㆟ㄽࡶ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᜍࡽࡃ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࡟౯್࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡓ᝟ሗࡸ▱㆑㸦ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸧ࢆ㢌ࡢ୰࡟㇏ᐩ࡟⵳࠼㸦ෆᅾ໬ࡉࡏ㸧㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࢆ♫఍ࡀồࡵࡿ᪤ᐃࡢ᪉ྥ࡟
ᚑࡗ࡚ά⏝ࡍࡿຊࡀᬯ㯲⿹㸦࠶ࢇࡶࡃࡾ㸧࡟㔜どࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ࠿ࡘ㸪Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪ᬯࠎ⿹㸦࠶ࢇ࠶ࢇࡾ㸧࡟㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓຊࡢ㣴ᡂ࡟㔜Ⅼࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡢࡔ
࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㧗ᶵ⬟ AI ࡀඛᑟࡍࡿ Society5.0 ࡢ♫఍࡟࠶ࡗ࡚㸪ࡶࡣࡸ⚾ࡢ⏕άୡ⏺࡟ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿព࿡㸪࠶ࡾ࡜࠶ࡽࡺࡿ᝟ሗࡸ▱㆑㸦ࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶ㸧ࡀእᅾ໬ࡋࡓᙧ࡛㐢ᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᚎࠎ࡟ኌ㧗࡟ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ
27- 27 -

ࡀ㸪ఱ࠿࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵỴࡵࡽࢀࡓ౯್ࡸ᪉ྥ࡟ᚑ㡰࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪ᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆෆᅾ
໬ࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࢀࢆᇶ࡟ࡓࡔᛮ⪃ࡋ⾜ືࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ண ᅔ㞴࡞ΰἁ㸦ࡇࢇ࡜ࢇ㸧࡜ࡋࡓ≧ἣ࡟ᰂ㌾࡟㐺ษ࡟ᑐฎࡍ࡭ࡃ㸪㐺ᐅࡑࡢ㒔ᗘ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ㢌࡛⪃࠼ุ᩿ࡋ㸪⮬ࡽ┠ᶆタᐃࡍࡿຊ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ┠ᶆ࡟ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪እᅾ໬ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࢥࣥࢸࣥࢶࢆ୺యⓗ࡟㑅ᢥࡋ㞟ࡵ᭷ᶵⓗ࡟⤌ࡳ❧࡚ࡿຊࡢᚲせᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓຊࢆ⊂ࡾၿࡀࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᵝࠎࡢ௚⪅࡜ᡭࢆᦠ࠼༠ຊࡋྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽά㸦࠸㸧࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃຊࡢᚲせᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ(ⓑ஭, 2020)ࠋ
 ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓຊࡇࡑࡀ㸪ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᩍ⫱ࡢୡ⏺࡛㸪࡜ࡳ࡟ὀ┠ࡀ㞟ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ୰᰾ⓗ࡞せ⣲ࢆ࡞ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᚑ᮶ᆺࡢ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ
࡛ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ㢌ࡢⰋࡉ㸪㢌ࡢฟ᮶࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡢㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ㸪ࡓ࡜࠼࡝ࢇ࡞

࡟㧗Ỉ‽࡛ഛ࠼࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡶࡣࡸࡑࢀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㐺ᛂⓗ࡟⏕ࡁᢤࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸᫬௦ࡀ┠๓࡟㏕ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ᪤࡟฿᮶ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶ▱ࢀࡎ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ୰࡛㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊ௨እࡢఱ࠿኱ษ࡞せ⣲㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡟ಂ↛㸦ࡀࡐࢇ㸧㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᩍ⫱࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⪅ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀὀࡀࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⌧௒ࡢࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡲࡾࡢᄏ▮㸦ࡇ࠺ࡋ㸧࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡀ㸪ᩍ⫱⤒῭Ꮫ⪅࡛࠶ࡿࢪ࢙࣮࣒ࢬ࣭࣊ࢵࢡ࣐ࣥࡢㄽ⪃࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠿ࢁ࠺ࠋᙼࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟㸪Ꮚ⫱࡚ࡸಖ⫱࡞࡝ࡶྵࡵࡓᩍ⫱࡬ࡢᢞ㈨ຠᯝ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕேࡢ⏕ᾭࡢ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ
࡝ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟㸪ᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡋ࡚↛㸦ࡋ࠿㸧ࡿ࡭ࡁᢞ㈨ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪᭱ࡶ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞
ࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ㄽࡣ㸪ᑵᏛ๓࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱࡬ࡢᢞ㈨ຠᯝࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡔࡗࡓヂ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᙼࡣ㸪㈋ᅔᒙࡢᏊ౪࡟ᑐࡍࡿ௓ධ◊✲㸦࣮࣌ࣜᑵᏛ๓ィ⏬࡞࡝㸧ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪኱ே࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽࡢ⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃᛶࡸ㐊ᤕ⋡ࡢపࡉ࡞࡝ࡶྵࡵࡓ
೺඲࡞ᕷẸ⏕ά࡞࡝࡟⌧ࢀࡿಶேᕪࡀ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶ IQ ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣㄝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽ㸪IQ ࡢ್࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ຊ㸪ᙼ࡟ゝࢃࡏࢀࡤㄆ▱⬟ຊ௨እࡢຊ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢫ࢟ࣝࠖ(non-cognitive ability / skill)ࢆ≉࡟ᗂᑡᮇࡢẁ㝵࠿ࡽ⋓ᚓࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ࡟⮳ࡗࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ(Heckman et al., 2006; Heckman, 2013)ࠋ
ࡇࡢ࣊ࢵࢡ࣐ࣥࡢᙳ㡪ຊ࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࠸ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤ OECD ࡞࡝ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ୺ᙇ࡟࠿࡞
ࡾἢ࠺ᙧ࡛ 2015 ᖺ࡟ࡇࢀ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ⢭⣽࡞࣏࣮ࣞࢺࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ㸪Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡟ࡼࡾཝᐦ࡞ᙧ࡛♫఍᝟ືⓗࢫ࢟ࣝ(social and emotional skills)࡜ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡓୖ࡛㸪ࡓ࡜࠼⤒῭ⓗ࡟ࡣ୙㐝࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀⓎ㐩᪩ᮇ࠿ࡽ↛ࡿ࡭ࡁ㣴⫱ࡸᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ㸪ࡑࡢᇶ┙ࢆ⠏࠸࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ୍⏕ᾭ࡟ர㸦ࢃࡓ㸧ࡿᚰ࡜㌟యࡢ೺ᗣࡸ⤒῭ⓗᏳᐃᛶ࡞࡝ࡶྵࡵࡓ♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂᛶࡢ୍ࡘࡢ㘽ࢆᥱࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㄝ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋOECD ࡣࠕࢫ࢟ࣝ
ࡀࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ⏕ࡴࠖ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡲࡎࡣᗂᑡᮇ࡟♫఍᝟ືⓗ࡞ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᅵྎࢆ
ሀᅛ࡟సࡾୖࡆ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡛ཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᩍ⫱ࡢᡂᯝࡀࡑࡢ
ୖ࡟╔ᐇ࠿ࡘຠ⋡ⓗ࡟✚ࡳୖࡆࡽࢀ㸪ከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃࡟ரࡿ㸪᭦࡟㧗Ỉ‽ࡢࢫ࢟ࣝࡢⓎ㐩ࡀࡼࡾ෇⁥࡟㸪࠿ࡘຠ⋡ⓗ࡟ᑟ࠿ࢀࡿ࡜ㄝࡃࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛ⾜ࡋ࡚ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ㸻♫఍᝟ືⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࡢᇶ┙ࢆᏊ౪࡟ഛ࠼ࡉࡏ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࡸᏛຊࡢᙧᡂ࡟ࡶṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋᚓࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ㏫ࡢᅉᯝࡢ▮༳ࡣవࡾ᝿ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ
࡜࡞࡝ࡶྜࢃࡏ࡚♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(OECD, 2015)ࠋ
 ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ♫఍᝟ືⓗࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ᪤࡟ᵝࠎ࡞⌮ㄽⓗ᳨ウࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪OECD ࡟ࡼࡿ࣏࣮ࣞࢺࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓከᒱ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ᳨ウࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ㸻♫఍᝟ືⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㸪ࠕ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡢ㐩ᡂࠖࠕ௚⪅࡜ࡢ༠ാࠖࠕឤ᝟ࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿ⬟28- 28 -

ຊࠖࡢ୕ഃ㠃࠿ࡽᡂࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㸪㐲⸨(2017, 2018)ࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡇࢀ࡟⩦࠸࡞ࡀࡽࡶ㸪Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢどᗙ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࢀࢆࡼࡾࢩࣥࣉࣝ࡟⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡛࠶ࡿ࡜෌ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢෆ㸪⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ᖹࡓࡃゝ࠼ࡤ㸪⮬㌟ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ㸪㐺ᗘ࡟ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪᭦࡟㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᚰࡢຊࢆᣦࡋ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢୗࡃࡽ࠸せ⣲࡟ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ⮬ศࢆឡࡋ⮬ศࡢᛶ㉁ࡸ⬟ຊ࡟⮬ಙࢆᣢࡘࠕ⮬ᑛᚰࠖࡸࠕ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ⮬ᕫຠຊឤࠖ㸪⮬㌟࡛┠ᶆタᐃࡋ㐙⾜ࡍࡿୖ࡛ᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿពḧࡸෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸪⮬ศࡢ⾪ືࢆᢚ࠼⮬ศࡢ⾜ືࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠕ⮬ไᚰࠖࡸᡃ៏ᙉࡃࡸ
ࡾᢤࡃຊࠕࢢࣜࢵࢺࠖ㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢᛶ㉁ࡸ≧ែ࡞࡝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ⓗ☜࡞ㄆ㆑ࢆ࡞ࡋᚓࡿࠕ⮬ᕫ⌮ゎࠖ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ศࡢ㢌࡛⪃࠼⮬ศࡢពᚿ࡛Ỵࡵ࡚⮬ศࡢຊ࡛⾜ືࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࠕ⮬ᚊᛶࠖࡸࠕ⮬❧ᚰࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ୍᪉㸪♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡜ࡣ㸪㞟ᅋࡢ୰࡟⁐ࡅ㎸ࡳ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆసࡾ⥔ᣢࡍࡿຊ㸪ࡼࡾ⡆₩࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪௚ࡢே࡜࠺ࡲࡃࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢຊ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢୗ఩
せ⣲࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪᪥ᖖ⏕άࡢ୰࡛㸪௚⪅࡜㐺ษ࡞㛵ಀࢆసࡾ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎ௚⪅ࡢᚰⓗ≧ែࡀ㐺ษ࡟⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ヂ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣࠕᚰࡢ⌮ゎ⬟ຊࠖࡀ୍ࡘࡢせ⣲࡜࡞ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⓗ☜࡞ᚰࡢ⌮ゎࢆᇶ࡟㸪௚⪅࡜㐺ษ࡟ࠕࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮
ࢩࣙࣥࢆ࡜ࡿຊࠖࡶ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄡ࠿ࡀᅔࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡽࡈࡃ⮬↛࡟࠿ࢃ࠸ࡑ࠺࡜ᛮࡗ࡚ຓࡅࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿຊ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕඹឤᛶࠖࡸࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖࡶᚲせ࡜࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㞟ᅋࡢ୰࡛⮬ࡽࡢᒃሙᡤࢆぢࡘࡅ㸪Ᏻᚰࡋ࡚⏕άࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪௚⪅࡜஫࠸࡟ຓࡅྜ࠸࡞ࡀࡽ஦ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃຊ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࠕ༠ㄪᛶࠖࡸࠕ༠ྠᛶࠖ㸪ࡲࡓ♫఍ⓗ࡟ఱࡀⰋࡃ࡚ఱࡀᝏ࠸࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ㐨ᚨᛶࠖཬࡧ㸪㞟ᅋࡢ୰࡟₯ᅾࡍࡿ࣮࣭ࣝࣝỴࡲࡾ࣭ᖖ㆑࡞࡝ࢆ⌮ゎࡋ㑂Ᏺࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࠕつ⠊ព㆑ࠖ࡞࡝ࡶᯡせ࡞ാࡁࢆ࡞ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㸪OECD ࡢ 2015 ᖺࡢ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐃ⩏࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ᐇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡣࠕ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞┠ᶆࡢ㐩ᡂࠖ࡟㸪୍᪉㸪♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡣࠕ௚⪅࡜ࡢ༠ྠࠖ࡟ᴫᛕⓗ࡟㔜࡞ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍ぢ㸪OECD ࣏࣮ࣞࢺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕឤ᝟ࢆ⟶⌮ࡍࡿ⬟ຊࠖࡀ㸪ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱ࠖⓗ࡞ᚰࢆ⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶ࡜ࡍࡿⓎ᝿ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ
ぢᙜࡓࡽ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ឤ᝟⟶⌮࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣឤ᝟ไᚚࡣ㸪ඖ᮶㸪⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ୰࡟㸪␗࡞ࡿព࿡࡛ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᢕᤊࡋᚓࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡣ㸪ឤ᝟⟶⌮࣭ឤ᝟ไᚚࡣ㸪⚾ࡓࡕࡢ᪥ᖖࡢ୰࡛㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㸪␗᫬Ⅼ㛫ࡢ㑅ᢥࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡢゎỴ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚⮬௚㛫ࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥࡢゎỴࡢሙ㠃࡛㸪ᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
␗᫬Ⅼ㛫ࡢ㑅ᢥࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ࡜ࡣ㸪௒㸪║๓࡟࠶ࡿ฼┈ࢆࡍࡄ࡟ྲྀࡾ࡟⾜ࡃࡇ࡜ࢆඃඛࡍࡿ
࠿㸪ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ௒ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ฼┈ࢆᡃ៏ࡋ࡚㸪ࡶ࠺ᑡࡋඛࡢ⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞฼┈ࢆ࡜ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡵࡄࡿឤ᝟⟶⌮࣭ឤ᝟ไᚚࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆゎỴࡍࡿຊࡣ㸪ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡇࡑ⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢୗ఩࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ⾪ືࢆᢚ࠼࡚⾜ືࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿຊ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⮬ไᚰࠖࡸ㸪┠ᶆᣦྥⓗ࡟⢓ࡾᙉࡃດຊࡍࡿຊ࡛
࠶ࡿࠕࢢࣜࢵࢺࠖࡢ୰࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪⮬௚㛫ࡢ㑅ᢥࡢࢪ࣐ࣞࣥ࡜ࡣ㸪⮬㌟
ࡢ฼┈ࢆඃඛࡍࡿ࠿㸪ࡑࢀ࡜ࡶ௚⪅ࡢ฼┈ࢆ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ௚⪅࡟༴ᐖ࣭㏞ᝨ࣭୙฼┈࡞࡝ࡀཬࡤ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆࡵࡄࡿឤ᝟⟶⌮࣭ឤ᝟ไᚚࡢၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆゎỴࡍࡿຊࡣ㸪♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢୗ఩࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢࠕ༠ㄪᛶࠖࡸࠕ༠
29- 29 -

ྠᛶࠖ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࠕ㐨ᚨᛶࠖࡸࠕつ⠊ព㆑ࠖࡢ୰࡟࠾ࡢࡎ࡜ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸱㸬Ꮫᰯ࣭Ꮫ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖࡢⓎ㐩 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪⮬㌟ࡀඖ᮶᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㑇ఏⓗ࡞ᇶ┙ࡸẼ㉁➼ࡶྵࡵ㸪ከᵝ࡞せᅉࡢ㛵୚ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ࡜ࡾࢃࡅ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀ⏕⫱ࡍࡿ⎔ቃࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢಶேᕪࢆつᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ༙ࡤ⮬᫂ࡢࡇ࡜࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰࡢㅖ≉㉁࡜᥮ゝࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀᗂᑡᮇ࠿ࡽࡢᏊ౪࡜㣴⫱⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸ㣴⫱⪅࡟ࡼࡿᏊ౪࡬ࡢ♫఍໬ࡸಶᛶ໬ࡢᐇ㊶➼࡜ᐦ᥋࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⭾኱࡞Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢ▱ぢ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪␲ᛕࢆᕪࡋᣳࡴవᆅࡢ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ(Music, 2011)ࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᐙᗞእ࡛ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪Ṧ࡟Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㅖ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪⮬ᕫࡸ♫
఍ᛶࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠸࠿࡟≉␗ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪᪤࡟ᴟࡵ࡚ศཌ࠸◊✲▱ぢࡢ⵳✚ࡀ࠶ࡿ(Colley & Cooper, 2017)ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ᏛᰯཬࡧᏛ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏊ౪ࡢ✀ࠎࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸻⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠸࠿࡞ࡿᶵᗎ࡛㛵ࢃࡾᚓࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⌮ㄽⓗᩚ⌮ࢆ⡆༢࡟⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀᏊ౪ࡢ⤒㦂ࡢ㉁ࡸ㔞࡟࠸࠿࡟㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ᘏ㸦ࡦ㸧࠸࡚ࡣ⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ࡢⓎ㐩࡟⤡ࡳᚓࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ゝཬࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ
࠶ࡿព࿡㸪⮬᫂ࡢࡇ࡜࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂ࡢ㉁࡜㔞࡟㛵ࢃࡿせᅉࡣ㸪኱ࡁࡃ஧✀࡟኱ูࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢෆࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᏊ౪࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ཬࡧᏊ౪࡜ᩍᖌࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪ཬࡧ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάື࡜
࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬ᩍᖌࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࣭ᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶᩍᖌࡢ㛵ࢃࡾᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪ඣ❺ᮇ௨㝆ࡢᏊ౪࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢ୺せ࡞࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌ࡜࠸࠺Ꮡᅾ࡟⌮ㄽⓗ࣭ᐇ㊶ⓗ࡞㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫᰯ࣭Ꮫ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ᡤࠖ(safe haven)ཬࡧࠕᏳᚰࡢᇶᆅࠖ(secure base)࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌࡀ࠸࠿࡟᭷ຠ࡟ᶵ⬟ࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂᛶࡸ♫఍᝟ືⓗഃ㠃ࡢᚰⓗᶵ⬟ࡢⓎ㐩࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᐇドⓗ࡟ၥࢃࢀ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ(Bergin & Bergin,
2009; Riley, 2010; Verschueren & Koomen, 2012)ࠋᏊ౪࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡢࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ᡤࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ኱ேࡢᙺ๭࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀᵝࠎ࡞ࢫࢺࣞࢵࢧ࣮࡟㐼㐝ࡋ㸪✀ࠎࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡓ㝿࡟㸪ࡑࢀࢆඹឤⓗ࡟ཷࡅṆࡵ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀࡲࡓᖹᖖ≧ែ࡟ᡠࢀࡿࡼ࠺ᨭ࠼ಁࡍࡇ࡜࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ࠕᏳᚰࡢᇶᆅࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ኱ேࡢᙺ๭࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀ⮬Ⓨⓗ࡟᥈⣴άື࡟ྥ࠿࠸㸪⮬㌟ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣑ㸦ࡦࢁ㸧ࡆ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗཬࡧ≀⌮ⓗ࡟ບࡲࡋᚋᢲࡋࡍ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ(Bowlby, 1988; 㐲⸨, 2021)ࠋ
⌧࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඣ❺ᮇ௨㝆ࢆᢅࡗࡓ◊✲࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ࢔ࢱࢵ
ࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ᡤࠖཬࡧࠕᏳᚰࡢᇶᆅࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌࢆ฼⏝࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ
࡟㸪ᴫࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢឤ᝟ไᚚࡸྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪ཬࡧᣮᡓ࡬ࡢពḧ࡞࡝ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪㏫࡟ၥ㢟⾜ືࡸ㠀⾜ࡢ⛬ᗘࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࡟ࡶṇࡢຠᯝࡀࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドⓗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Bergin & Bergin, 2009;
Schuengel, 2012)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡑࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮚ౪࡜ᩍᖌࡢⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀᛶ
30- 30 -

ࡀ㸪Ꮫᰯ⏕ά࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏊ౪ࡢ㸦⏕⌮ⓗᣦᶆ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸧ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢపࡉ(Ahnert etal., 2012)ࡸእᅾ໬ཬࡧෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟ࡢഴྥࡢపࡉ(O'Connor, 2012; Roorda & Koomen,2021)㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡲࡓ㸦Ꮫᴗ࡬ࡢ፹௓ⓗᙳ㡪ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ㸧Ꮫᴗⓗ⮬ᕫᴫᛕ(Verschueren etal., 2012)ࡸᏛᰯ⏕ά࡬ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡢጼໃ(school engagement) (Roorda et al., 2017)࡟
ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏊ౪࡜ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡼࡿṇࡢຠᯝࡣ㸪Ṧ࡟✀ࠎࡢࣜࢫࢡࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᏊ౪࡟
࠾࠸࡚኱ࡁ࠸ࡽࡋ࠸(Sabol & Pianta, 2012)ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪࡜ᩍᖌࡢ㛫ࡢᏳᐃࡋࡓ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡣ㸪⥲ࡌ࡚㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ṇࡢᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿヂ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ㸫ᩍᖌ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀ࠺ࡲࡃᵓ⠏࣭⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮚ
౪ࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ≧ែࡸ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀ㏦ฟࡋ࡚ࡃࡿ✀ࠎࡢ㢧ᅾⓗ㸭₯ᅾⓗࢩࢢࢼࣝ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᩍᖌࡢᩄឤᛶ(sensitivity)ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㧗࠸Ỉ‽࡛ᡂࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ(Riley, 2010)ࠋ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᩄឤᛶ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ≧ែࡸࢩࢢࢼࣝࢆⓗ☜࡟ㄞࡳྲྀࡾ㸪㎿㏿࡟ᛂ⟅ࡍࡿ⛬ᗘࢆᣦࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ࡀ(Ainsworth et al., 1978)㸪
ᩍᐊࡢࡼ࠺࡞㞟ᅋ≧ἣ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᩍᖌࡀ࡝ࢀࡔࡅඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟┠㓄ࡾࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㞟ᅋࡢࢧ࢖ࢬ㸦ᡂဨᩘ㸧࡜ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠸ᚓࡿ(Zhou, 2022)ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪㞟ᅋࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪኱ேࡢ୍ே୍ேࡢᏊ౪࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩄឤᛶ㸦஧⪅㛵ಀⓗᩄឤᛶ㸧௨ୖ࡟㸪Ꮚ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡸ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάື࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩄឤᛶ㸦㞟ᅋⓗᩄឤᛶ㸧ࡀ㔜せᛶࢆቑࡋ࡚ࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡀ(Ahnert et al., 2006)㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟ࡣ୧✀ࡢᩄឤᛶࡀඹ࡟ᡂ
ࡾ❧ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡾᮃࡲࡋ࠸≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢどᗙ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ
࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡢᏊ౪୍ே୍ே࡬ࡢὀどࡸ㓄៖ࡀ㸪㉁㸪㔞࡜ࡶ࡟ῶࡌࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྰࡵࡎ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ከᑡ࡜ࡶ㜼ᐖⓗ࡟ാࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ᝿
ᐃࡉࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝ
ࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢཬࡧࢫࢺࣞࢫ➼࡟ࡶᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎ㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ(Split et al., 2011)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࡀ 2015 ᖺ࡜ 2016 ᖺ࡟㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏊ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᐇែࢆ᥈ࡿ࡭ࡃᐇ
᪋ࡋࡓ㸪ᑠ୰㧗⏕ཬࡧࡑࡢಖㆤ⪅㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ㸪Ꮫᰯ㈐௵⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ྠ᫬┦㛵ⓗศᯒ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᩍᖌࡢᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢ㧗ࡉࡀඣ❺ࡢ⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ែᗘ࡟㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ㸪୰㧗⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪Ꮫ⩦ែᗘ࡟ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(℈ཱྀ, 2018)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜
࠿ࡽ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡢᚰ㌟࡟࠿࠿ࡿ㈇Ⲵࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㉁ࢆᕥྑࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢ
Ⓨ㐩࡟㈇ࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋᚓࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸳㸬Ꮚ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪ཬࡧ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάື
Ꮫᰯ࣭Ꮫ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏊ౪ࡢ⤒㦂ࡢ୰࡛฾┠㸦࠿ࡘࡶࡃ㸧ࡍ࡭ࡁࡶ࠺୍ࡘ㔜せ࡞せ⣲ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾཬࡧ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάື࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࠋゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ᤵᴗࡣඖࡼࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢሙ㠃࡛ࡶ㸪ከᵝ࡞┦஫స⏝ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪⾜஦࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭༢఩࡛㞟ᅋάື࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡸ㞟ᅋάືࡀ㸪Ꮚ
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౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡟ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
Harris(1995, 2009)ࡢ㞟ᅋⓗ♫఍໬⌮ㄽࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪㞟ᅋෆࡢᡂဨ㛫࡟⏕ࡌࡿྠ୍໬ࡸᕪ␗໬
ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪ᐙᗞෆࡢ㣴⫱⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆࡣࡿ࠿࡟ୖᅇࡿᙧ࡛㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢಶᛶࡸ⬟ຊ࡞࡝ࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠ୍໬࡜ࡣ㸪ᖐᒓ㞟ᅋཬࡧࡑࡢᡂဨ࠿ࡽព㆑ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ↓ព㆑ⓗ࡟ཷᐜࡉࢀࡼ࠺࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㞟ᅋࡢ࣮ࣝࣝࡸつ⠊㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ័⩦ࡸᬯ㯲ࡢಙᛕ➼࡟ἢ࠺ᙧ࡛㸪ឤ᝟ࡸᛮ⪃ࢆᢪࡁ㸪⾜ືࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆᣦ
ࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ࠋ୍᪉㸪ᕪ␗໬࡜ࡣ㸪ᬯࠎ⿹࡟㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚㧗ࡵࡿ࡭ࡃ㸪ಶࠎࡢᡂဨࡀḟ➨࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಶᛶࡸ㐺ᛶ➼࡟ᛂࡌࡓᙺ๭ࢆศᢸࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࣉࣟ
ࢭࢫࢆᣦࡋ࡚ゝ࠺ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㞟ᅋࡢ୰࡛ࡢྠ໬࡜ᕪ␗໬ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ㐺ษ࡞ᙧ࡛ᣢࡓࢀ
ࡓሙྜ࡟㸪ಶࠎࡢᏊ౪ࡢ⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪⮬ᕫຠຊឤ㸪┠ᶆᚿྥᛶ㸪⮬ᚊᛶ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡲࡓඹឤᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪㐨ᚨᛶ㸪つ⠊ព㆑࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ඛ࡟ࡩࢀࡓゝⴥ࡛ゝ࠼ࡤ⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ࡢⓎ㐩ࡀಁࡉࢀࡿ
ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Ἑᮏ(2013)࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪᫂἞௨㝆㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣయ⫱⚍㸪ᩥ໬⚍㸪ಟᏛ᪑⾜࡞࡝ࡢᏛᰯ⾜஦ࡀ⊂⮬ࡢⓎᒎࢆ㐙ࡆ⌧ᅾ࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡋ࠿ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࠕ≉ูάືࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚බⓗ࡟ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ୰࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟㸪௚ᅜ࡛ࡣవࡾぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸኱ࡁ࡞≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡑ
ࡋ࡚㸪ྠࡌࡃἙᮏ㸦ஂಖ⏣㸧(2014, 2021)ࡣ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅇ㢳ㄪᰝࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ࡲࡓ୰㧗᫬௦ࡢᏛᰯ⾜஦࡬ࡢഴಽཬࡧࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡢྠ໬࡜ᕪ␗໬ࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢ⮬ᚊᛶࡸ᥼ຓ⾜ື࡞࡝ࡶྵࡵࡓ௚⪅ࡸ㞟ᅋ࡬ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞㛵ࢃࡾ➼࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࢆᐇドⓗ࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮫᰯ⾜஦ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢሙྜ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࢆ༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪
ᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ࡢ㞟ᅋάືࡸඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ✀ࠎࡢᚰⓗᛶ㉁ࡢⓎ㐩࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㸪ࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠸࠿࡟㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡲࡔ༑ศ࡞ᐇドⓗ᳨ウࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪㞟ᅋࢧ࢖ࢬࡀࡼࡾᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪㞟ᅋࡢจ㞟ᛶࡸᡂဨ㛫ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ⃰ᐦࡉ➼ࡀከᑡ࡜ࡶ㧗ࡲࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ࡣ௬ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᏛᰯ⾜஦࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒㦂࡟ṇ㈇࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡲࡔ୙᫂░࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪㞟ᅋ࡛ࡢάືཬࡧᏊ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛Ⓨ⏕ࡋᚓࡿࢿ࢞
ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞஦㇟㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ࠸ࡌࡵ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡓ࠸ࡌࡵࡢ⿕ᐖ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣຍᐖࡢ⤒㦂ࡀ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶࡢⓎ㐩࡟㈇ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⭾኱࡞◊✲࠿ࡽࡋ࡚㸪༙ࡤ⮬᫂ࡢࡇ࡜࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ(Smith & Norman,2021)ࠋඛ࡟ࡶࡩࢀࡓ㞟ᅋ♫఍໬⌮ㄽ(Harris, 2009)࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㞟ᅋࡢάືࡸ┦஫స⏝࡟၏୍㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ⾜౑ࡋᚓࡿᏑᅾ࡜ࡋ࡚ᩍᖌࡢᙺ๭ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ㸪ࡼࡾ୍ே୍ேࡢᏊ౪ࡢᵝᏊ࡟┠ࡀᒆࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡢⓎ⏕࡟ࡣᢚṆⓗ࡟ാࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪㞟ᅋࢧ࢖ࢬࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡢᶒຊᵓ㐀ࡸᙺ๭ศᢸࡶྵࡵࡓே㛫㛵ಀࡢᅛᐃ໬ࡸ㛢ሰ໬࡞࡝ࡀࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟࠸ࡌࡵࡢⓎ⏕ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶᣦ᦬ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(Garandeau et al., 2014; Saarento et al., 2015)ࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪⌧࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜࠸ࡌࡵ
ࡢⓎ⏕࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓぢ᪉ࢆᨭᣢࡍࡿ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ(Garandeau et al., 2019; Vervoort et al., 2010)ࠋ
࠸ࡎࢀ࡟ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮚ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶཬࡧ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάືࡀ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢⓎ㐩
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࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢせᅉࡀ࠸࠿࡟⤡ࡳᚓࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪᪉ྥᛶࢆ␗࡟ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ௬ᐃࡀྠ᫬࡟ᡂࡾ❧ࡘヂ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢどᗙ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᵝࠎ࡞㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡟㛵ࢃࡿㅖኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᐇドⓗ࡟ᑂ㸦ࡘࡲࡧ㸧ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡟ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ㸴㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᴫほ๓㡯࡛ࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛᰯ࣭Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡢㅖ⤒㦂ࡀ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࠸࠿
࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋᚓࡿ࠿㸪ࡲࡓࡑࡇ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵୚ࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⌮ㄽⓗ࡞⪃ᐹࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡸᏛຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆၥ࠺ࡶࡢ࡟ẚ࡭㸪ࡲࡔࡲࡔᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢㅖኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟᳨ウࡋࡓᅜෆእࡢ௦⾲ⓗ◊✲ࡢ▱ぢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡸㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪1980 ᖺ௦࡟⡿ᅜࢸࢿࢩ࣮ᕞ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ
᪋ࡉࢀࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ẚ㍑ヨ㦂(RCT)ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ STAR(Student/Teacher Achievement
Ratio)ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡀ㸪࠶ࡿព࿡㸪ࡇࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿグᛕ☃ⓗព࿡ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟๭ࡾ᣺ࡽࢀࡓඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪ᬑ㏻Ꮫ⣭࡟๭ࡾ᣺ࡽࢀࡓඣ❺ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ᩘᏛࡸㄞᏐ࡞࡝ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ࡍࡄࢀ(Krueger, 1999)㸪ࡋ࠿ࡶࡑࡢ
ຠᯝࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ᣢ⥆ࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ(Krueger & Whitmore, 2001)࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ୡ⏺୰ࡢᩍ⫱࡟ᦠࢃࡿ⪅࡟┦ᛂࡢ࢖ࣥࣃࢡࢺࢆ୚࠼ࡓ࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ୡ⏺ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᆅᇦ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓከᵝ࡞◊✲ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑࢀ࡟
ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡤ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୰࡟ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㐃㛵ࢆㄆࡵ࡚ࡣ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ᙳ㡪ࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡀṇ㈇㏫㌿ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺
࡞ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ(Etim et al., 2020)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ヲ⣽ࡣ➨㸯❶㸯⠇࡟ጤࡡࡿࡀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ඣ ❺࣭ ⏕ᚐࡢ Ꮫຊ ࢆᢅࡗ ࡓẚ ㍑ⓗ᭱ ㏆ࡢ ◊✲࡜ ࡋ࡚ ࡣ㸪஧ ᮌ (2012) 㸪 Akabayasi &Nakamura (2014) 㸪኱ᮡ(2015)㸪ጒᑿ࣭ ໭ᲄ(2016)㸪୰ᐊ(2017) 㸪ఀ⸨௚(2017)㸪Ito etal.(2019)࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ⦰ᑠࡢ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢຠᯝࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ
ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀᐇ≧ࡢࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆၥ࠺ࡓ◊✲ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆぢࡓࡶࡢ࡟ẚࡋ࡚㸪ୡ⏺ⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ࡶ࠿࡞ࡾᑡ࡞ࡃࡣ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪Finn(2019)ࡣ㸪୺࡟⡿ᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑠᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟⾜ࢃࢀࡓ㐣ཤ 30 ᖺ㛫ࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࢆࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪ඣ❺ࡢ཯♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸ୙ရ⾜ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪୍᪉࡛Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢពḧࡸ✚ᴟⓗែᗘࡸ㞟ᅋ࡬ࡢᖐᒓព㆑ࡀ㧗ࡲࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⤖ㄽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Dee &West(2011)ࡣ㸪⡿ᅜࡢ኱つᶍㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⢭⣽࡟ศᯒࡍࡿ୰࡛㸪୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭࡛ࡼࡾᏛᰯ⏕ά࡬ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ྲྀ⤌ࡢጼໃ(school engagement)ࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ
ぢ ࠸ ࡔ ࡋ ࡚ ࠸ ࡿ ࠋ ࡉ ࡽ ࡟ 㸪 ⡿ ᅜ ௨ እ ࡢ ㄪ ᰝ ⤖ ᯝ ࡟ ┠ ࢆ ྥ ࡅ ࡿ ࡞ ࡽ ࡤ 㸪 Shen &Konstantopoulos(2021)ࡣ㸪Ḣᕞ 4 ࠿ᅜ㸦ࣁ࣮ࣥ࢞ࣜ㸪ࣜࢺ࢔ࢽ࢔㸪࣮࣐ࣝࢽ࢔㸪ࢫࣟ࣋ࢽ࢔㸧ࡢ TIMSS㸦ᅜ㝿ᩘᏛ࣭⌮⛉ᩍ⫱ືྥㄪᰝ㸧ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᑠࡉࡉ࡜୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᩍ⛉ࢆᏛࡪᴦࡋࡉࡢ㛫࡟ᴫࡋ࡚ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪Fredriksson et al.(2013)ࡶ㸪ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ศᯒ
ࢆ᪋ࡍ୰࡛㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㧗Ꮫᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢡࣛࢫࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᑠࡉࡉࡀ㸪13 ṓ᫬ཬࡧ 16 ṓ᫬ࡢᏛᴗ࡟
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ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸྥୖᚰ㸪⮬ಙ㸪♫஺ᛶ㸪୙Ᏻഴྥࡢపࡉ➼࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ ᅜෆ࡛㐣ཤ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝ◊✲࡟┠ࢆ㌿ࡌࡿ࡜㸪㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡟㛵ࢃࡿኚᩘࢆ
ᢅࡗࡓ◊✲ࡑࡢࡶࡢࡀ⛥ᑡ㸦ࡁࡋࡻ࠺㸧࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋIto et al.(2019)ࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆᢅࡗࡓᩘᑡ࡞࠸◊✲ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ࣐࢖ࣔࢽࢹࢫࡢἲ๎ࠖ
࡟ᚑࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫᖺࡢᅾ⡠⪅ᩘࡀ 40 ேࢆ 1 ே࡛ࡶ㉺࠼ࡿ࡜㸪⏕ᚐࢆ 20 ே࡜ 21 ேࡢᏛ⣭࡟஧ࡘ࡟ศࡅࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ꮫ⣭⦅ᡂࡢ୙㐃⥆ᛶ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ᅇᖐ୙㐃⥆ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศᯒࢆ㸪㛵ᮾ㏆㑹ࡢ࠶ࡿ⮬἞య࡛཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⤖ᯝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡀ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢࢫࢥ࢔࡜ࡣᚤᙅ࡞ࡀࡽ㛵㐃ࢆぢࡏࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㸪ఀ⸨௚(2017)ࡀ㸪࠶ࡿ⮬἞య࡟࠾࠸
࡚ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 3 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓィ 9 ᅇࡢ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㐃㛵ࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡸ௰㛫࠿ࡽࡢ♫఍ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡀῶࡾ㸪୍᪉࡛ᢚ࠺ࡘࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ㧗ࡌࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡕ࡞ࡳ࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱ⓗኚᩘ࡜ゝ࠸ᚓࡿ࠿ࡣᚤጁ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪୰ᐊ(2017)ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࠸ࡌࡵ㸪ᭀຊ㸪୙Ⓩᰯ
ࡢⓎ⏕࡟╔┠ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᑠࡉࡉࡀ၏୍㸪ᑠᏛᰯẁ㝵ࡢ୙Ⓩᰯࡢᑡ࡞ࡉ࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖ㸪ᴫほࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᅜෆእ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᢅࡗࡓ◊✲ࡑࢀ⮬యࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓࡑࢀࢆᢅࡗࡓ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟࠸࠿࡞ࡿᅉᯝⓗࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡣ㸪࠸ࡲࡔᏳ᫆࡟ࡣ⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡞࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠺࡭ࡁࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Blatchford & Russell(2020)ࡀᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪ഃࡢᡂ㛗࣭
Ⓨ㐩ࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓኚᩘࡣ㸪◊✲ࡢ୰࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡓ࡜࠼㠀ㄆ▱ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃ
ࢀ࡚ࡣ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪ከࡃࡢሙྜ㸪ពḧࡸືᶵ࡙ࡅ➼ࡢᏛຊ࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡟೫ࡗ࡚࠾
ࡾ㸪ᗈࡃᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂᛶ඲⯡࡟㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢ࡟ཬࢇ࡛࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡶၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ㸵㸬⠇ࡢ⤖ࡧ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪㏆ᖺ㸪ὀ┠ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡜ఱ࠿㸪࡞ࡐ㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜
ࡇࢁ࠿ࡽㄝࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᩍᐊࡢ୰࡛ࡢᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾཬࡧඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡢ୰࡛ᇵࢃࢀᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟⪃✲ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀࡑࡢࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ṇ㈇ᵝࠎ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ㸪⌧࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆศᯒࡋࡓᩘᑡ࡞
࠸ᅜෆእࡢ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᴫほࡋࡓࠋ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫຊࡸㄆ▱㠃࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶྵࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᩍ⫱ཬࡧᏊ౪ࡢᚰⓗᡂ㛗࣭Ⓨ㐩࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡲࡔ▱ぢࡀ㘒⥈㸦ࡉࡃࡑ࠺㸧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ⤖ㄽࢆᑟฟࡍࡿ࡟࡯࡝㐲࠸≧ἣࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋㄪᰝࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡸࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࡢᛶ㉁㸪ཬࡧศᯒἲ➼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⤖ᯝࡢぢ࠼᪉ࡀ኱࡞ࡾᑠ࡞ࡾᕥྑࡉࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࡣ
࡞ࡃ㸪௒ᚋࡣࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཰㞟࠿ࡽศᯒ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛ᗈࡃࡑࡢ᪉ἲㄽ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ࡼࡾៅ㔜࠿ࡘཝᐦ࡞ࢫࢱࣥࢫࡀ⮫ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪᫂☜࡟⤖ㄽࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟ᑐࡋ
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࡚㸪஺⤡ࡋᚓࡿせᅉࡀᴟࡵ࡚ከᒱ࡟ரࡾᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ㛵୚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢᩍ⫱࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓṔྐࡸᩥ໬ཬࡧࡑ
ࢀ࡟⤖ࡧࡘ࠸ࡓᬯ㯲ࡢಙᛕࡸᐇ㊶࡞࡝㸪ᐜ᫆࡟ࡣኚᩘ໬࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡀከࠎྵࡲࢀ࡚࠶ࡿ
࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ᫬࡟㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓኚᩘ໬ࡉࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸せᅉࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ₯ᅾⓗ࡟ཬࡰࡋᚓࡿ㈇ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ࣂࢵࣇ࢓࣮࡜ࡋ࡚ാࡃࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢࡶᏑᅾࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪ከᵝ࡞≉㉁ࢆᣢࡗࡓᆅᇦ࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ཰㞟ࢆᆅ㐨࡟⥅⥆ࡋ࡚⾜࠸㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢ≉ᛶࢆៅ㔜࡟⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࢆ⢭⦓࡟⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺◊✲ጼໃࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡉ࡚㸪௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࡣ㸪஧ࡘࡢ⮬἞య࠿ࡽከᖺ࡟ரࡗ࡚⦪᩿ⓗ࡟ᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮
ࢱࢆከゅⓗ࡟ศᯒࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢㄆ▱࣭㠀ㄆ▱ࡢከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃࡟࠸࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋᚓࡿࡢ࠿ࢆᑂࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ௻ᅗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋṦ࡟㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿኚᩘࡶྵࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲࡟ࡣవࡾ࡞࠸ᙧ࡛ᖜᗈࡃከᩘ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗ㐺ᛂᛶ࡟⤡ࡳᚓࡿ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ᕫ࡜♫఍ᛶࡢ≉㉁࡟㛵ࢃࡿኚᩘࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ࡟኱ࡁ࡞≉Ⰽࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋḟ⠇௨㝆㸪ᢅࡗࡓኚᩘࡸศᯒ᪉ἲࡢヲ⣽ࡶྵࡵ㸪ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚グࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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㸰⠇ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᴫᛕ࣭ᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ࡜㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢ᪉ἲ
➨㸯⠇࡛㏙࡭ࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸭♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢫ࢟ࣝ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪༠ຊ⮬἞య࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡓᏛຊㄪᰝ㸪యຊㄪᰝ➼ࡢㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆά⏝ࡋࡓศᯒ࡟ຍ࠼㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝཬ
ࡧᩍဨ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋྛ༠ຊ⮬἞య࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏣ຍㄪᰝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ㸦௨ୗ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸧ཬࡧᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ㸦௨ୗ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋྛ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ୰࡛ಙ㢗ᛶ࡜ጇᙜᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓᣦᶆ㸦ᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ㸧ࡸᮏ◊✲࡛⊂⮬࡟సᡂࡋࡓᑻ
ᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢᵝᏊ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆ ᐃࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢ㏣ຍㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ᐃᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᑻᗘࢆ⾲㸯࣭⾲㸰࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᣦᶆࢆྵࡴ㉁ၥ⣬඲యࡢタィ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫຊ⌜ཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜ࡢ◊✲ศᢸ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ཧ⏬ࡍ
ࡿ」ᩘࡢ◊✲⪅㛫࡛༠㆟ࡢୖ㸪ෆᐜࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪(a)ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㏣ຍㄪᰝ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸭ᩍဨㄪᰝ㸧࡛ཬࡧศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ⓗᵓᡂᴫᛕཬࡧࡑࢀࢆ

ᐃᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᚰ⌮ᑻᗘࡢ⌮ㄽ࡜⫼ᬒ㸪(b)㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢᡭ⥆㸪(c)ㄪᰝ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ⾲㸯 ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ ᐃᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ㡿ᇦᑻᗘୗ఩ᑻᗘ㸦㡯┠㸧ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ

ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡍࡈ࠸㸪೧࠸㸪ዲࡁ㸪ᛧ࠸㸪ឤㅰᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

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ឤ᝟▱ᛶ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧

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Ꮫ⩦ពḧ㸦Ꮫ⩦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸧ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ
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ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶእྥᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴ
ྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ

39

- 39 -

⾲㸰 ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ ᐃᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ
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ୗ఩ᑻᗘ

ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ㛵ᣦᑟ᪉㔪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸪ᩍᖌ୺ᑟࢃࡾ᪉࣭ᣦᑟ᪉㔪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪㞟ᅋ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᛶᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸ

ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ

ឤ᝟ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪Ꮫᴗⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᏛ⣭㢼ᅵᏛ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴㸪⮬↛ᙜᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ

࡞⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ
‶㊊ឤ㸪つᚊṇࡋࡉឤ᝟㢼ᅵ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟㸦႐ࡧ㸪⯆࿡㸪㄂ࡾ㸧㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟㸦ᛣࡾ㸪ᝒࡋࡳ㸪ᜍࢀ㸧ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢᚰ⌮࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢⓗ≧ែᛶ᱁≉ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶእྥᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸯㸬ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡛⏝࠸ࡓᚰ⌮ᑻᗘᮏ◊✲ࡢᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕㹼୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᣦᶆ㸦ᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ձᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦ࡍࡈ࠸㸪೧࠸㸪ዲࡁ㸪ᛧ࠸㸪ឤㅰ㸧㸪ղᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧㸪ճឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧㸪մྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪յ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪ն⮬ᑛᚰ㸪շᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸸ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧㸪ո↓Ẽຊឤ㸪չࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦Big Five㸸እྥᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸧ࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᣦᶆ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㡰࡟グ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲᳨࡛ウࡍࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧ࡢከࡃࡣᖹᡂ 27㹼28 ᖺᗘࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ㸧⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡜⛉Ꮫⓗ᳨ウᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩ࠖ
㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸪2017㸧࡟ࡶࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛᴫᛕࡢᐃ⩏ࡸ⌮ㄽ㸪 ᐃ᪉ἲ㸪Ⓨ㐩࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡕ࠺ࡿせᅉ➼ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡕࡽࡶཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸦㸯㸧ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ᪥ࠎ⤒㦂ࡍࡿᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ே㛫㛵ಀࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥ
ࢫ㸧ࢆ⫱ࡴ㔜せ࡞ᩍ⫱⎔ቃ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Ἑᮏ㸪2017; ᮏᓥ, 2017㸧ࠋ⛅⏣࣭ᆏᮏ㸦2015㸧ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ≉ᚩࡢ୍ࡘ࡟㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀࠕᏛᖺࠖᬺ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪㏻ᖖࡣ 1 ᖺ࡜࠸࠺୍ᐃᮇ㛫ࢆ㸪ཧຍ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀᅛᐃࡋࡓྠࡌࠕᏛ⣭ࠖ㞟ᅋ࡛ᏛࡪⅬࢆᣲࡆ㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸ㸪ࡑࡢṔྐᛶࡢ୰࡛Ꮫ
⩦ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᣦ᦬ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡸᏛຊࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࡸኚ໬ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿୖ࡛ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

40- 40 -Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ⪃࠼࡚ࡳࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪౛࠼ࡤ 30 ྡࡢᏛ⣭࡛ࡣ 40 ྡࡢᏛ⣭࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪ேᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ศ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀࡀࡼࡾ㌟㏆࡛⃰ᐦ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡼࡾぶࡋ࠸㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜┤᥋ヰࡍᶵ఍ࡀቑ࠼ࡓࡾ㸪௰㛫ྠኈࡢ୍యឤࡀ㧗ࡲࡗࡓࡾ཭᝟ࡀ῝ࡲࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡸ௰㛫࠿ࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡸ
Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ┦஫స⏝ࡀ㔞࣭㉁࡜ࡶ࡟඘ᐇࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ಶேࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࡸኚ໬ࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡛Ⓨ᥹ࡉࢀࡿಶேࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸪࠸ࢃࡤ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿࠕᣢࡕ࿡ࠖࡀ㸪ࡼࡾᙉࡃᩍᖌࡸ௰㛫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ᖺᗘጞࡵࡈ࡜࡟ࢡࣛࢫ᭰࠼ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࢀࡤ㸪ே㛫㛵ಀࡣࡑࡢ㒔ᗘ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢኚືࡀ࠶ࡿࡔ
ࢁ࠺ࠋᏛᰯつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࢡࣛࢫ᭰࠼࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡸඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀ࠿࡞ࡾධࢀ᭰ࢃࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ࡯ࡰ୍࠿ࡽᩍᖌࡸ௰㛫࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸ㸪Ꮫ⣭㞟ᅋࢆࡘࡃࡗ
࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫᰯつᶍࡀ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࢡࣛࢫ᭰
࠼ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀࡎ㸪ධᏛࡋ࡚༞ᴗࡍࡿࡲ࡛Ꮫ⣭ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡀᩍᖌࡶྵࡵ࡚࡯ࡰኚࢃࡽ
࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢᩍᖌࡸ௰㛫࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸࡑࡢṔྐᛶࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢኚ໬ࡸⓎ㐩࡟㛵ࢃࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪Ꮫᰯつᶍ࣭Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡲࡎᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ࢔㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡜࢖㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࡢ஧ࡘࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ௨㝆㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᵓᡂᴫᛕ࡜ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓᑻᗘࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
࢔㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ⚾ࡓࡕࡣ᪥ࠎ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞≀஦ࡸே≀࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡀ㸪≉ᐃࡢᑐ㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚
ࠕዲࡁࠖ
ࠕ᎘࠸ࠖ
㸪
ࠕឡࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕ៮ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓឤ᝟ࢆ㛗ࡃᢪࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ
ࡓព࿡࡛ࡢឤ᝟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ᫬ࡑࡢሙ࡛ࡢ୍㐣ᛶࡢឤ᝟㸦emotion㸧ࡸឤ᝟≧ែ㸦emotional state㸧࡜ࡣ༊ูࡉࢀ㸪ឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦emotional attitude㸧ࡸឤ᝟ഴྥ㸦sentiment㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., 㐲⸨㸪2013; Ṋ⸨㸪2018㸧ࠋEkman㸦1992㸧ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟ㄒ㸦emotion terms㸧ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ឡ㸦love㸧ࡸ៮ࡋࡳ㸦hatred㸧࡞࡝㸪ឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡏࡿࡼ࠺࡞㸪ࡼࡾ㛗ࡃ⥔ᣢࡉࢀ㸪඾ᆺⓗ࡟ࡣ༢୍ࡢឤ᝟ࡼࡾࡶ」ᩘࡢឤ᝟ࡀ㛵ࢃࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪㐲⸨
㸦2013㸧ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ୰࡛ಖᣢࡉࢀࡿឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆ㸪ࠕࡑࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᩥ⬦࡛㸪ࡑࡢ᫬ࠎ࡟⏕ࡌࡿᵝࠎ࡞஦㇟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⚾ࡓࡕࡀ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ͆emotion”ࡢ㉁ࢆᚤጁ࡟ኚ㉁ࡉ
ࡏࡿࡶࡢࠖ㸦㐲⸨㸪2013, p. 18㸧࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ៮ࡋࡳࠖ࡞࡝ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࡶࡢࡶྵࡴឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕ඲యࢆ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୍✀࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ㆟ㄽࡢవᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ≉ᐃே≀࡬ࡢ≉ᐃࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡀ㸪ᤵᴗࡸᩍᐊ࡛ࡢ⯆࿡ࡸᏛ⩦ពḧ㸪Ꮫ⩦ែᗘ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ឤ᝟⤒㦂㸪௰㛫࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣᤵᴗࡸᩍᐊ࡛ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡸᏛຊ࡞࡝࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ༑ศ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤ㸪⮬ศࡀዲࡁ࡛ះࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᩍᖌࡀᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ⱞᡭ࡞ᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗࡶᴦࡋࡃཷࡅ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࡑࡢᩍ⛉ࡢᡂ⦼ࡀୖࡀࡗࡓ㸪࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ㏫࡟㸪⮬ศࡢⱞᡭ࡞ᩍᖌࡀᢸᙜࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜ዲࡁࡔࡗࡓᩍ⛉ࡀ᎘࠸࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ㸪࡞࡝࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡶ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪≉ᐃࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ≉ᐃࡢᆅ఩࣭ᙺ๭࡟࠶ࡿே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚≉ᐃࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᣢ࡚ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ಶேࡢഴྥ㸧ࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧ࡢ
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୍✀࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ‫‮‬ᕝ㸦1974㸪1981㸧ࡣ㸪Kagan㸦1958㸧ࡢྠ୍ど⌮ㄽ࡟౫ᣐࡋ㸪ࠕᏛ⩦ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢྠ୍ど௬ㄝࠖࢆ⊂⮬࡟Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢྠ୍ど௬ㄝࡣ㸪᪥ᖖⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ࠕᩍᖌࡀዲࡁ࡛ᑛᩗࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜㸪ࡑࡢᩍᖌࡢᢸᙜࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿᩍ⛉ࡶዲࡁ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᩍᖌ࡟࠶ࡇࡀࢀ㸪㏆࡙ࡁࡓ࠸࡜࠸࠺Ẽᣢࡕ࠿ࡽࡑࡢ⛉┠࡟ពḧⓗ࣭✚ᴟⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠖ⌧㇟ࡔ࡜࠸࠺㸦‫‮‬ᕝ㸪1981㸪p. 159㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Li & Fischer
㸦2007㸧ࡣ㸪ேࡣᑛᩗ㸦affect-respect㸧࡜࠸࠺⮬ᕫព㆑ⓗ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ඃࢀࡓ௚⪅ࢆᙺ๭ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᤣ࠼࡚㏣㝶ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ㸪ࡺࡃࡺࡃࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡶࡑࡢேࡢࡼ
࠺࡟ᡂ㛗ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࢆᥦၐࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᑛᩗࡢࠕ⮬ᕫࣆࢢ࣐ࣜ࢜ࣥ㐣⛬㸦selfPygmalion process㸧ࠖ௬ㄝ: Li & Fischer, 2007; Ṋ⸨㸪2013㸧㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᑛᩗࡢឤ᝟≧ែࡸឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡢᶵ⬟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᐇドⓗ࡟ࡶ୍㒊᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Ṋ⸨㸪2018㸧ࠋᏛᰯࡢᤵᴗࡸᏛ⣭άືࡣ୍⯡࡟㸪≉ᐃࡢᩍᖌ࡜௰㛫ࡓࡕ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧࡞ឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡣ㸪ಶேࡀࠕ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ͆emotion”ࡢ㉁ࢆᚤጁ࡟
ኚ㉁ࡉࡏࠖ㸦㐲⸨㸪2013㸪p. 18㸧㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧࡞ຠᯝࢆ⏕ࡴ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ࢡࣛࢫࡸᤵᴗࡢᢸ௵ࡢᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀࡩࡔࢇ࠿ࡽ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ឤ᝟ࢆᢪ࠸࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢែᗘࡸ⾜ືࢆኚ࠼㸪௚ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ᥹ࡸࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ㸪Ꮫຊ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡣࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍᖌࡸࢡࣛࢫ࣓࢖ࢺ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡢᙧᡂࡸ⥔ᣢ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠾ࡢࡎ࡜ண᝿ࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸦1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢேᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝㸧㸪ಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜┤᥋㛵ࢃࡿᶵ఍ࡀῶࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢᩍᖌ࡬ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟
ⓗែᗘࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡟ࡃࡃ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣヲࡋࡃࡣ᳨ウࡋ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ୍⯡࡟ᑐࡋ࡚≉ᐃࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᣢࡕࡸࡍ࠸ಶ
ேࡀ࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᣦ᦬࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⊂⮬࡟ 5 㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡸᏛຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᑛᩗ࡟㛵ࢃࡿឤ᝟㸦ᑛᩗ㛵㐃ឤ᝟㸸Ṋ⸨㸪2014㸪2016㸪2018㸧࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᑛᩗ࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥ⮬యࡸᑛᩗ࡟㛵ࢃࡿㄒᙡࡀᑠᏛ⏕࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃៖ࡋ㸦e.g.,Ṋ⸨㸪2018㸧㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ
ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ
ࠕዲࡁࠖ
ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖ
ࠕឤㅰࠖࡢ 5 ㄒࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖࠕ೧࠸ࠖࡣᑛᩗࡸ⛠㈶ࡢព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀྵࡲࢀࡓゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡣ㸦≉࡟┠ୖࡢ㸧ே࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣᜍࢀࡸᜍᛧࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ⏽ᛧࡢព࿡ྜ࠸ࡶྵࡲࢀࡓゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪ࠕዲࡁࠖ㸦ዲព㸧ࡸࠕឤㅰࠖ
㸦ឤㅰ㸧ࡶᑛᩗ࡜㛵㐃ࡢ῝࠸ឤ᝟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸦Ṋ⸨㸪2018㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᑛᩗࡸឤㅰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣṊ⸨㸦2017㸪2019a㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪
ࠕᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛࢫࡢᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡩࡔࢇ௨ୗࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢࡇ
࡜ࢆ࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍␒࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿᩘᏐ࡟۵ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋ
ࠖ࡜࠸࠺
ᩍ♧ࡢୗ㸪
ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ
ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸ࠖࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁࠖ
ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸ࠖ
ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 5 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㸦ᛮࢃ࡞࠸㸧㸪2㸦࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᛮࢃ࡞࠸㸧㸪3㸦࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ᛮ࠺㸧
㸪4㸦ᛮ࠺㸧ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅
ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ

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࢖㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⌮ㄽ㸦attachment theory㸧ࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪ಶேࡣ㌟ࡢ༴㝤ࡀ㏕ࡾᜍࢀࡸ୙Ᏻ㸪ⱞ③ࡀႏ㉳ࡉࢀࡓ㝿࡟㸪ぶࡸ௚ࡢಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿูࡢಶయ࡟ࡃࡗࡘࡃ㸦attach㸧ࡇ࡜࡛Ᏺࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪Ᏻᚰឤࢆᚓࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Bowlby, 1969/1982; 㐲⸨㸪2005㸧ࠋᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ≉ᐃಶయ㸦࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟㸧࡜ࡢ㏆᥋㸦proximity㸧ࢆồࡵ࡚⥔ᣢࡍࡿ࢔ࢱ
ࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⾜ື࡟ࡣᤕ㣗⪅࠿ࡽ㌟ࢆᏲࡿᶵ⬟ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪௚ࡢከࡃࡢື≀࡟ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪≉࡟㸪ࣄࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⾜ືࡀࠕࡺࡾ࠿ࡈ࠿ࡽ቎ሙࡲ࡛ࠖ⏕ᾭ࡟ர㸦ࢃࡓ㸧ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡍ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Bowlby, 1969/1982㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㸪ᐇ㦂ࡸほᐹ࡟ࡼࡿ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ౪ࡣ୍⯡࡟㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ࢆᏳ඲ᇶ
ᆅ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏳᚰࡢᇶᆅ㸦secure base㸧࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᖹ᫬࡟ࡣᏳᚰࡋ࡚⮬ಙࢆᣢࡗ࡚࿘ᅖࢆ᥈⣴࡛ࡁࡿࡀ㸪ぢ▱ࡽࡠሙࡸே࡟᥋ࡋ࡚࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜ศ㞳ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣⱞ③ࡸ᢬ᢠࢆ♧ࡋ㸪㌟ࡢ༴㝤ࡸ⬣ጾࡀ㏕ࡾ㸪ᛧࡃ࡞ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡞࡝ࡢ㆙ᡄ᫬࡟ࡣ㸪Ᏻ඲ࡢ㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸦safe haven㸧࡜ࡋ࡚࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ࡢඖ࡟⣲᪩ࡃᡠࡾ㸪ᨭ᥼ࡸ៘ࡳ㸪Ᏻᚰឤࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., Ainsworth, 1979; Bowlby, 1969/1982; 㐲⸨㸪2005㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢᵓᡂせ⣲ཬࡧᶵ⬟࡟ࡣ㸪㏆᥋ᛶࡢ⥔ᣢ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸪ศ㞳ⱞᝎ㸪Ᏻ඲ࡢ㑊㞴ሙᡤࡢᅄࡘ(ὀ 1)ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Hazan & Zeifman, 1994; ᑠᒣ࣭ⵦ㇂,2017; ᮧୖ࣭Ḉ஭㸪2014㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ஙᗂඣᮇ࡟୺せ࡞㣴⫱⪅࡜ࡢ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉࢀࡿ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ⾜ືࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ㸪ෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝ㸦internal working model㸧࡜࠸࠺㸪ᑐே┦஫స⏝ሙ㠃࡛௚⪅ࡸ⮬ศࡣ࠸࠿࡟᣺ࡿ⯙࠺࠿࡟㛵ࢃࡿ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⾲㇟㸦࢖࣓࣮ࢪ㸧㸪ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪୍⯡࡟࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ࡸ㔜せ࡞௚⪅ࡣ⮬ศࢆཷࡅධࢀຓࡅ࡚ࡃࢀࡿᏑᅾ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⮬ศࡣ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ࡸ㔜せ࡞௚⪅࠿ࡽཷࡅධࢀຓࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿᏑᅾ࠿㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓᮇᚅࡸண

࡟㛵ࢃࡿᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆᙧᡂࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ಶேࡣ᪥ᖖࡢᐇ㝿ࡢᑐே┦஫స⏝ࡢ≧ἣࢆホ౯ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡢ⾜ືィ⏬ࢆ❧࡚ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Bowlby,
1969/1982㸪㐲⸨㸪2017㸧ࠋ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡸෆⓗసᴗࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪ಶูලయⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵᗈ⠊࡞ಶேᕪࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢಶேࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦࠸ࢃࡺࡿᛶ᱁㸸ヲࡋࡃࡣᚋ㏙ࡍࡿ㸧ࡸㄆ▱ⓗ࣭♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩࡟ࡶ኱ࡁ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., Ainsworth, 1979; Bowlby, 1969/1982; 㐲⸨㸪2005; ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸪2017㸧ࠋ⮬௚࡬ࡢᇶᮏⓗಙ㢗ឤࡸ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧
ࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࠕ⤯ᑐⓗᇶ┙࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㐲⸨㸪2017㸧ࠋᩍᖌࡣᏊ౪ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᏛᰯࡢᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ㏻ᖖ㸪ᖺᗘ༢఩ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣ୍ᑐከࡢ㛵ಀ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࠿ࡽ㸪኱༙ࡢᩍᖌ
࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢせ⣲ࢆ᏶඲࡟ࡣ‶ࡓࡉ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᩍᖌࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ୍࡚᫬ⓗ࡛࢔ࢻ࣍ࢵࢡ㸦ࡑࡢሙ㝈ࡾ㸧࡞࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡸ
Ᏻ඲ࡢ㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., ኱ஂಖ࣭ᒣෆ㸪2017;
Verschueren, 2015; Verschueren & Koomen, 2012㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡣᩍᖌࡀࡑࡤ࡟࠸ࡿࡇ
࡜࡛Ᏻᚰࡋ࡚ຮᙉ࡟ບࡴࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪ࢫࢺࣞࢫࡢ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣᩍᖌ࡟ᨭ
᥼ࢆồࡵࡓࡾ៘ࡵ࡚ࡶࡽࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞Ᏻ඲࣭Ᏻᚰࡢឤぬࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ
43- 43 -

࡞࠸㸦Verschueren, 2015㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡣⓎ㐩ᮇ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋVerschueren㸦2015㸧ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡣᏊ౪࡟᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡬ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᣮᡓࢆಁࡍ㸪᥈⣴ࡢࡓࡵࡢᏳ඲ᇶᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚ඣ❺ᮇ௨㝆ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪㟷ᖺᮇ๓ᮇ௨㝆࡟ࡣ㸪ྠᖺ௦ࡢ௰㛫ࡀᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪⬻ࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⮬ᕫไᚚ⬟ຊࡶྥୖࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡣඣ❺ᮇ୰ᮇࡲ࡛࡟┠❧ࡓ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ෆᅾ໬㸦ᢚ࠺ࡘࡸ୙Ᏻ࡞࡝㸧࣭እᅾ໬㸦㠀⾜ࡸ཯♫఍ⓗ⾜ື࡞࡝㸧ࡢၥ㢟ࡸᏛ⩦ᅔ㞴㸪ぶ࠿ࡽࡢ୙㐺ษ࡞ࡋࡘࡅࡸ㣴⫱㸪࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕࡞࡝ࡢⅬ࡛ࣜࢫࢡࡸ⬤ᙅ㸦ࡐ࠸ࡌࡷࡃ㸧ᛶࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᏊ౪ࡢⓎ㐩࡟㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㉁ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ⿵ൾ㸦ㄪᩚ㸧ຠᯝࢆᣢࡕ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜㸦Sabol & Pianta, 2012㸧࠿ࡽ㸪ࣜࢫࢡࡸ⬤ᙅᛶࢆᢪ࠼ࡿᏊ౪࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᏳ඲ࡢ㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᶵ⬟ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ⥆ࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ
࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࢆ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪ᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡸᏳ඲
ࡢ㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡞࡝ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬యࢆ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧࡜ࡳ࡞ࡍࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧ࡢⓎ㐩ࡢணᅉ࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋṊ⸨㸦2019a㸧ࡣ㸪ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸦2017㸧ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧࡟㛵ࢃࡿ 2 ᫬Ⅼ㸦⣙ 1 ᖺ㛫㝸㸧ࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡋ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛ⏕࣭୰Ꮫ⏕࣭㧗ᰯ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜཭ேࡀᏳ඲ࡢ㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡢᶵ⬟ࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡝
ࡢ⛬ᗘᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ᫬Ⅼ㛫࡛ᶵ⬟ࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ
⤖ᯝ㸪2 ᫬Ⅼࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡣ཭ேࡼࡾࡶᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࡸᏳ඲ᇶᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࢆᯝࡓࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀྰᐃࡉࢀࡓ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦Ꮫᖺኚື࡟ࡼࡾ㸪1 ᫬Ⅼ┠࡜ 2 ᫬Ⅼ┠࡛ᅇ⟅⪅ࡀᛮ࠸ᾋ࠿࡭ࡓ┦ᡭࡀ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘࡟ࡣៅ㔜࡟࡞ࡿᚲせࡶ࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜཭ேࡢ཮᪉࡛㸪1 ᫬Ⅼ┠ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࡀ㧗࠸㸦ప࠸㸧࡯࡝㸪2 ᫬Ⅼ┠ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࡶ㧗࠸㸦ప࠸㸧ഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓ
ࡵ㸪Ṋ⸨㸦2019a㸧ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ཭ே㛵ಀࢆぢᏲࡿࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢⰋዲ࡞
㛵ಀࢆᵓ⠏࣭⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶᩍᖌࡢ㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ༢⣧࡟⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸦1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢேᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝㸧㸪ᩍᖌࡣಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜᥋ࡍࡿᶵ఍ࡀῶࡿࡓࡵ㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓ
ࡋ࡙ࡽࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚ඛ⾜◊✲࡛㔜せ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸪Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡢ 2 ᶵ⬟࡟⤠ࡗ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᑛᚰࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ⮬ᑛᚰ㸦self-esteem㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅜෆእ࡛⭾኱࡞◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯ࣭ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ㛵ᚰࡶࡲࡍࡲࡍ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡸ⮬ᑛឤ᝟࡜࠸࠺ゝⴥࡣ௒ࡸ᪥ᖖㄒࡢࡼ࠺࡟౑ࢃࢀࡿࡀ㸪44- 44 -

Ꮫၥୖࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡸ㛵㐃ࡍࡿᵓᡂᴫᛕ㸪ᐃᑻᗘࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., Blascovich & Tomaka,

1991; ⟪ᾆ㸪2021; ᴬཎ㸪2017㸧ࠋ◊✲⪅ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᐃ⩏ࡣᚤጁ࡟␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡀ⮬㌟ࢆ࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋ㸪ዲࡲࡋࡃឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࢃࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡼࡾࡶᗈ࠸ព࿡ࢆᣢࡘᏛ⾡⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ศࡣ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ே࠿㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪⮬ᕫࡢᵝࠎ࡞ഃ㠃ࡢᴫᛕࡸㄆ㆑ࢆ⾲ࡍ⮬ᕫᴫᛕ㸦self-concept㸧ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡣࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⮬ᕫᴫᛕࡸ⮬ศ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ▱㆑ࢆ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡍࡿᵓᡂせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Baumeister, Campbell, Krueger, & Vohs, 2003; Blascovich & Tomaka,
1991; ⮬ᕫᴫᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ୍⯡࡟ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛Ꮫຊࡸᑐே㛵ಀ㸪♫఍ⓗᡂຌ㸪ᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣ࡞࡝㸪ከࡃࡢ㔜せ࡞ഃ㠃࡟࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ຠᯝࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ಶேࡢ඲యⓗ࣭㡿ᇦ୍⯡ⓗ࡞⮬ᑛᚰ㸦global self-esteem㸧㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⮬ศ⮬㌟ࢆ඲య࡜ࡋ࡚ホ౯ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟㝈ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᮃࡲࡋ࠸
ຠᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶᐇドⓗ࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Baumeister et al., 2003㸧ࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㣬ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ୺ほⓗ࡞⮬ᕫホ౯࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪⮬㌟ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ⬟ຊࡸ≉ᚩࢆ㐣኱࣭㐣ᑠ࡟ぢ✚ࡶࡗࡓࡾ㸪௚⪅ホ౯࡜ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ␗࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࠕ㧗ࡍࡂࡿࠖ⮬ᑛᚰࡢຌ⨥ࡸ㸪ᐇែ࡜ࡣ࠿ࡅ㞳ࢀࡓᏊ౪ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰࢆࡸࡳࡃࡶ࡟ぶࡸᩍᖌࡀ㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ༴㝤ᛶࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Baumeister et al., 2003; ヲࡋࡃࡣᴬཎ㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᤊ࠼᪉ࡸ㆟ㄽࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᅜෆእ࡛ᗈ
ࡃཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ Rosenberg㸦1965㸧ࡢ self-esteem ࡢᐃ⩏࡟ᚑ࠸㸪Rosenberg SelfEsteem Scale ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸦ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᮏᑻᗘࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ࡣ」ᩘᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣẚ㍑ⓗ౑⏝౛ࡢከ࠸㸪ᒣᮏ࣭ᯇ஭࣭ᒣᡂ㸦1982㸧ࡢ∧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡢ ᐃ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ヲࡋࡃࡣᴬཎ㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋ
Rosenberg㸦1965㸧ࡣ㸪self-esteem㸦⮬ᑛᚰ㸧ࢆ⮬ᕫ࡟ྥࡅࡽࢀࡓ⫯ᐃⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣྰᐃⓗ࡞ែᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢព࿡ྜ࠸࡟ࡣ 2 ✀㢮࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ࡟ࡣ㸪㧗࠸⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㸪⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ “very good”㸦࡜࡚ࡶⰋ࠸㸧࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿሙྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ࡟ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ “good enough”㸦༑ศ࡟Ⰻ࠸㸧࡜⪃࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿሙ
ྜ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ๓⪅ࡣ௚⪅࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ព࿡ྜ࠸ࡀᙉ࠸ࡀ㸪Rosenberg
Self-Esteem Scale ࡀ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣᚋ⪅ࡢព࿡ྜ࠸࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⮬ศࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ౯್࠶ࡿே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕ༑ศ࡟Ⰻ࠸ࠖ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ⛬ᗘࢆၥ㢟࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋRosenberg㸦1965㸧ࡣࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࡇࡢࠕ༑ศ࡟Ⰻ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸ேࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢ୙᏶඲ࡉࡸ୙༑ศࡉ࡟Ẽ࡙ࡁ㸪⮬ศࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛㸪࠸ࡘ࠿ࡣ⮬ศࡢၥ㢟Ⅼࢆඞ᭹࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᮇᚅࡸᕼᮃ
ࡲ࡛ࡶᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦p. 31㸧
ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸ேࡣ㸪௚⪅࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࠕ࡜࡚ࡶⰋ࠸ࠖ࡜ឤࡌࡿᚲせࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ศࢆ୍ேࡢே㛫࡜ࡋ࡚ᑛ㔜ࡋ㸪ࠕ༑ศ࡟ࠖ౯್
࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⮬ศࡢ㝈⏺ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ࡚ࡉࡽ࡟⮬ศࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏ㧗ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍ
ࡿࠋ㏫࡟㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀప࠸ேࡣ㸪⮬ศࢆᣄ⤯ࡋࡓࡾ㸪⮬ศ࡟୙‶ࡸ㍍⶜ࢆឤࡌ࡚⮬ศ⮬㌟࡬ࡢ
ᑛ㔜ࡀḞࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿ㸦Rosenberg, 1965㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Rosenberg㸦1965㸧ࡢ self-esteem ᴫᛕࡣ㸪ఱ࠿ࡢฟ᮶஦࡛⤯࠼ࡎ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡀኚືࡍࡿ㸪≧ែ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ಶேෆ࡛Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᴬཎ㸪2017㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᅜㄒࡸᩘᏛ࡟ᑐࡍࡿಶูࡢ᭷⬟ឤ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪Ꮫᴗ
45- 45 -

ⓗ⮬ᕫᴫᛕ㸦academic self-concept: e.g., Marsh, 1990㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㡿ᇦ≉Ṧⓗ㸦specific㸧࡞⮬ᑛᚰ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪㡿ᇦ୍⯡ⓗ㸦global㸧࡞⮬ᕫᴫᛕࡢホ౯ࢆព࿡ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Rosenberg,
Schooler, Schoenbach, & Rosenberg, 1995㸧
ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ㧗࠸⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㸪ぶࡢᏊ౪࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡸ ࠿࠸㣴⫱ࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ㸪Ⰻዲ࡞཭ே㛵ಀ࡞࡝㸪㔜せ࡞௚⪅࡜ࡢ ࠿ࡃぶᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ண ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., ோᖹ㸪2015; Rosenberg, 1965; ᴬཎ㸪2017㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸦1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢேᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝㸧㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛㸪ࡲࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈ࡛ぶᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ዲࡲࡋ࠸⮬ᑛᚰࡣᙧᡂࡉࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㸦㸱㸧ឤ᝟࣭♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣឤ᝟ࡸ♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡜ྥ♫఍ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ࢔㸬ឤ᝟▱ᛶ
ᚰ⌮ᏛࡢṔྐࢆ㐳ࢀࡤ㸪James J. Heckman ࡀ╔┠ࡋࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀᅜෆእ
࡛ὶ⾜ࡍࡿ௨๓࡟ࡶ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ IQ㸦Intelligence Quotient, ▱⬟ᣦᩘ㸧ࡸㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ᑐẚࡉࢀࡿᙧ࡛㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟ఝ࡚࠸ࡿᴫᛕࡀఱᗘࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࣭ᐇドⓗ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ㸪᫬࡟ࡣୡ㛫࡟ࡶὶ⾜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ࠕIQ ⚄ヰࠖࢆ␲࠺ୡㄽ࡟ッ࠼㸪1990 ᖺ௦༙ࡤ㡭࠿ࡽὶ⾜ࡋࡓ࠸ࢃࡺࡿ EQ ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣឤ᝟▱ᛶࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㠀ᖖ࡟㏆ࡋ࠸ᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᭱ࡶグ᠈࡟᪂ࡋ࠸౛࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸦e.g., 㐲⸨㸪2017㸧ࠋឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦emotional intelligence, EI㸧࡜ࡣ㸪Salovey & Mayer㸦1990㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪⮬ศࡸ௚⪅ࡢẼᣢࡕࡸឤ᝟ࢆࣔࢽࢱ࣮㸦ほᐹ㸧ࡋ㸪㆑ูࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆᛮ⪃ࡸ⾜Ⅽࢆᑟࡃࡓࡵ࡟
ᙺ❧࡚ࡿ⬟ຊ࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪⛉Ꮫࢪ࣮ࣕࢼࣜࢫࢺࡢ Daniel Goleman ࡀࡑࡢᴫᛕࢆᣑᙇࡋ࡚ 1995 ᖺ࡟“Emotional Intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ”㸦
ࠗEQ̿̿ࡇࡇࢁࡢ▱⬟ᣦᩘ̿̿࠘㸪ᅵᒇヂ㸪1996㸧ࢆฟ∧ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ୡ⏺୰࡛⩻ヂࡉࢀ㸪᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶୡ⏺࡛ࡶ࣋ࢫࢺࢭ࣮ࣛ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪EQ ࡸ EI ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡀ⬮ගࢆᾎࡧࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ㸪㑇ఏⓗᙳ㡪ࡢᙉ࠸ IQ ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㈋ᐩࡢᕪࡸ♫఍ⓗᡂຌࡀỴࡲࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ぢ᪉࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ୡㄽࡢ኱ࡁ࡞཯ឤࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ᙜ᫬ࡢḢ⡿ᅪࡢ㢼₻ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪EI ࡣ IQ ࡼࡾࡶᩍ⫱ࡸࡋࡘࡅ㸪カ⦎ḟ➨࡛ᚋኳⓗ࡟⋓ᚓྍ⬟࡞⬟ຊ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ Goleman㸦1995㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚୺ᙇࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ㸪ࡇࡢᴫᛕࡢὶ⾜ࢆᚋᢲࡋࡋࡓ࡜
⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㐲⸨㸪2013㸪2017㸧ࠋゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ᙜ᫬ࡑࡇ࠿ࡋࡇ࡟ᏑᅾࡋࡓࠕIQࠖᑐࠕEQࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᑐ❧ᵓᅗࡣ㸪⌧௒ࡢࠕㄆ▱ࠖᑐࠕ㠀ㄆ▱ࠖ࡜㊃᪨ࢆྠࡌࡃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪IQ ࡸㄆ▱㸦⬟ຊ㸧ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣேࡢ㐺ᛂࡸ♫఍ⓗᡂຌࡣỴࡲࡽࡎ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶࢆ㇏࠿࡟ఙࡤࡍࡇ࡜ࡇࡑࡀ㸪ᩍ⫱࣭Ⓨ㐩ୖࡢ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᤣ࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ࡯ࡢࡵ࠿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㐲⸨㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ EI ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᴫᛕⓗ㢮ఝᛶ࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪≉࡟ Goleman ࡢ EI ᴫᛕࡀ⮬ᕫ᭷⬟ឤࡸືᶵ࡙
ࡅ㸪ඹឤᛶ㸪ᴦほᛶ࡞࡝㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊ௨እࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᴫᛕࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⌧௒㸪ୡ⏺୰࡛㛵ᚰࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠕ㠀ㄆ▱ࠖⓗ࡞ᚰࡢᛶ㉁࡜࡯ࡰኚࢃࡾ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ᣦ᦬
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪EQ࣭EI ᴫᛕࡣࣅࢪࢿࢫࡸᩍ⫱࣭⮫ᗋࡢ⌧ሙ࡛኱࠸࡟ὀ┠ࡉࢀ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ EQ ⏘46

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ᴗࡀὶ⾜ࡋ㸪Ẹ㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶከࡃࡢ ᐃࢶ࣮ࣝࡀ㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡶ࡞ࡗࡓ㸦㐲⸨㸪2013㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪㐲⸨㸦2013㸪2017㸧ࡶᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪EI ᴫᛕࡣୡ⏺୰࡛ὶ⾜ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡟ࡣᖖ࡟ᢈุ࡟ࡉࡽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ◊✲⪅ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡸ⌮ㄽࣔࢹࣝ㸪ᐃ᪉ἲࡀ஘❧ࡋ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕ⮬య࡟ࡣవࡾྜពࡢ࡞࠸ࡲࡲ௒᪥࡟⮳ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡀ
⌧≧࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Matthews, Zeidner, & Roberts, 2012; Ṋ⸨㸪2022㸧
ࠋ
EI ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡣ㸪኱ࡁࡃศࡅࡿ࡜ࠕ⬟ຊࣔࢹࣝࠖ
ࠕ≉ᛶࣔࢹࣝࠖࠕΰྜࣔࢹࣝࠖࡢ 3 ✀㢮ࡢ⪃࠼᪉ࡢᇶ࡟◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ᭱ప㝈ࡢㄝ᫂࡟⤠ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢヲ⣽ࡸ ᐃ᪉ἲࡣ㸪㐲⸨㸦2013㸧ࡸ⟽⏣࣭㐲⸨㸦2015㸧㸪▼஭㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
⬟ຊࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ EI ࡣ㸪EI ࢆ▱ⓗ࡞⬟ຊ㸦ability㸧࡜ࡋ࡚᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㢦⾲᝟ࡢㄆ㆑ㄢ㢟࡞࡝㸪ឤ᝟ࡸឤ᝟ࡢᴫᛕ࣭▱㆑࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㝿ࡢ㐠⏝⬟ຊࢆၥ࠺ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ
㸦⬟ຊ㸧ࢸࢫࢺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ௦⾲ⓗ࡞ EI ࡢ 4 ᯞࣔࢹࣝ㸦four-branch model㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ձឤ᝟ࡢ▱ぬ㸪ղឤ᝟࡟ࡼࡿᛮ⪃ࡢಁ㐍㸪ճឤ᝟ࡢ⌮ゎ㸪մឤ᝟ࡢ⟶⌮㸪ࡢ㡰࡛᝟ሗฎ⌮ࡀ」㞧࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Mayer, Caruso, & Salovey, 2016㸧ࠋΰྜࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ EI ࡣ㸪⬟ຊࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᴦほᛶࡸඹឤᛶ࡞࡝ࡢᵝࠎ࡞ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕
㸦ᛶ᱁㸧ࡢ≉ᛶ㸦trait㸧ࡶᵓᡂせ⣲࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪⬟ຊ࡜≉ᛶࡀΰྜࡋࡓ㸦mixed㸧ᴫᛕ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋGoleman㸦1995㸧ࡢ EI ᴫᛕࡸࡑࢀ࡟㢮ࡍࡿ EI㸦EQ㸧ᴫᛕࡀΰྜࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࡀ㸪ࣅࢪࢿࢫࣃ࣮ࢯࣥࡢᡂຌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ᴫᛕࡸせ௳ࢆᐤࡏ㞟ࡵࡓࡔࡅ࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ᢈุࡶཷࡅ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⾡ⓗ࡞ጇᙜᛶࡣ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦e.g., ▼஭㸪2017㸧ࠋ≉ᛶࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ EI ࡣ㸪EI ࢆࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢୗ఩≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡟఩⨨࡙ࡅࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪≉ᛶឤ᝟ⓗ⮬ᕫຠຊឤ㸦trait emotional self-efficacy㸧࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸦Petrides,
Mikolajczak, Mavroveli, Sanchez-Ruiz, Furnham, & Pérez-González, 2016㸧ࠋ௚ࡢከࡃࡢ
ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪⮬ᕫሗ࿌ᘧࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ᑻᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
⬟ຊ EI ࡜≉ᛶ EI ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸦well-being㸸ヲ⣽ࡣᚋ㏙㸧ࡸᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣ㸪ᑐேᶵ⬟㸪Ꮫᴗ㐩ᡂ㸪⫋ሙ࡛ࡢᡂຌ࡞࡝㸪ᵝࠎ࡞㐺ᛂᣦᶆ࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Mayer et al., 2016; Petrides et al., 2016㸧
ࠋࡲࡓ㸪EI ࡣᴫᛕᡂ❧ᙜึ࠿ࡽᏊ౪࡛ࡶᡂே
࡛ࡶᚋኳⓗ࡟⋓ᚓྍ⬟࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪SEL㸦Social and Emotional Learning㸸♫఍ᛶ࡜ឤ᝟ࡢᏛ⩦㸧࡞࡝ࡢ EI ᩍ⫱ࡶ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ EI ࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୍✀࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦▼஭㸪2017; 㔝ᓮ㸪2021㸧
ࠋEI ◊✲࡟ࡣᩘከࡃࡢㄢ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ
ࡢ㸦㐲⸨㸪2013; Ṋ⸨㸪2022㸧㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏊ౪ࡓࡕࡀ㸪ᐙᗞࡸᏛᰯ࡛ EI ࢆ࠸࠿࡟⫱ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ EI ࡟࠸࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪୺࡟≉ᛶࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ EI ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ EI ㉁ၥ⣬㸦⟽⏣࣭㐲⸨, 2015㸹⟽⏣࣭ᑠᯇ࣭୰ᮧ㸪2010㸧࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖ
ࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࡢ୕ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪⮬ᕫࡸ௚⪅ࡢឤ᝟࡟㛵ࢃࡿಶேࡢᏳᐃࡋࡓ≉ᛶ EI ࡢḟඖࢆ ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Kawamoto, Kubota, Sakakibara, Muto,
Tonegawa, Komatsu, & Endo, 2021㸧
ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡶඣ❺⏕ᚐࡶ஫࠸ࡢ⾲᝟࣭㡢ኌ࣭ጼໃ࡞࡝ࡢឤ᝟⾲ฟࡢㄆ▱ࡸ㸪⮬㌟ࡀ⤒㦂ࡋࡓឤ᝟ࡢ⾲ฟ㸪ࡲࡓ⮬㌟ࡸ௚⪅ࡢឤ᝟ไᚚࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᚓⅬࡣపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
47- 47 -

࢖㸬ྥ♫఍ᛶ
ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱ࠖࣈ࣮࣒௨๓࠿ࡽ㸪ேࡢ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗഃ㠃࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᴫᛕࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࠕᛮ
࠸ࡸࡾࠖࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࣭࢔࣓࣭ࣜ࢝㡑ᅜࡢ 0 ṓ࠿ࡽ 15 ṓࡲ࡛ࡢᏊ౪ࢆᣢࡘ∗ぶཪࡣẕぶࢆᑐ㇟࡟㸪1994㸦ᖹᡂ 6㸧ᖺᗘ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠕᏊ౪࡜ᐙ᪘࡟㛵ࡍࡿᅜ㝿ẚ㍑ㄪᰝࠖ㸦⥲ົ┬㟷ᑡᖺᑐ⟇ᮏ㒊㸪1995㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏேࡢぶ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕ௚ேࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࠖࡀࠕᏊ
౪࡟ᮃࡴᛶ᱁≉ᛶࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶከࡃᅇ⟅ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ㸦61.9%㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯᩍ⫱┠ᶆ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖࡀ┠ᶆࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㢖⦾࡟ᥖࡆࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦⪥ሯ㸪2003㸧
ࠋᐙᗞ࡛ࡶᏛᰯ࡛ࡶ㸪ぶࡸᩍᖌࡣࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆᏊ౪࡟ᮇᚅࡋ㸪ࡋࡘࡅࡸᩍ⫱ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ࠕ௚ேࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࠖࢆ⫱࡚ࡼ࠺࡜ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ
ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞ᴫᛕࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪௦⾲ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸྥ♫఍ᛶࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ㸪ᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., ⳥ụ㸪1988; Ṋ⸨㸪2017㸧ࠋྥ♫఍ⓗ࡞Ⓨ㐩࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࢆ≌ᘬ㸦ࡅࢇ࠸ࢇ㸧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ Nancy Eisenberg ࡽ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື㸦prosocial behavior㸧࡜ࡣ㸪௚⪅ࡢ฼┈࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆពᅗࡋ࡚࡞ࡉࢀࡿ⮬Ⓨⓗ⾜ື࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ඹ᭷ࡸᐤ㝃㸪ୡヰ㸪៘ࡵ㸪ᡭఏ࠸࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ືࡀྵࡲࢀࡿ
㸦Eisenberg, Fabes, & Spinrad, 2006; Eisenberg, Spinrad, & Knafo-Noam, 2015㸧ࠋྥ♫఍ᛶ㸦prosociality㸧ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࢆ⾜࠸ࡸࡍ࠸ಶேࡢഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Caprara, Alessandri, & Eisenberg, 2012㸧ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ே࡜ࡣ㸪ࡩࡔࢇ࠿ࡽ௚⪅ࢆຓࡅࡓࡾୡヰࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪᪥ᖖࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࢆࡼࡃ⾜࠺ேࡢࡇ࡜
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣࡇࡢᐃ⩏࡟ᚑ࠺ࡀ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᐃ⩏ࡸ㸪ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞⾜ືࢆྵࡵࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪◊✲⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚤጁ࡟␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ
Eisenberg ࡽࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡣ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡢᐇ⾜㢖ᗘࡢಶேᕪ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ಶேࡢࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖࡢ⾜ືⓗ≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸㸦Ṋ⸨㸪2017㸧ࠋ኱ࡲ࠿࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪ඛ࡟ᣲࡆࡓ㸪ṇ࡟ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࠕ௚ேࡢࡇ࡜ࢆᛮ࠸ࡸࡿᚰࠖࡀᐇ㝿࡟᪥ᖖࡢ⾜ື࡟ࡶ㢖⦾࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟㸪ࡑࡢಶேࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸࡜ゝ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ
ࡔࢁ࠺㸦ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿඹឤᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤⵦ㇂㸦2017㸧ࡸṊ⸨㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸧ࠋྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸྥ♫఍ᛶ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵㐃࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᐇドⓗ▱ぢࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ
ࡢ㸦Finn, Pannozzo, & Achilles, 2003㸧㸪ᅜෆ࡛ࡣఀ⸨࣭὾⏣࣭ᮧᒣ࣭㧘ᰗ࣭㔝ᮧ࣭᫂⩲࣭㎷஭㸦2017㸧ࡀ㸪SDQ㸦Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: Ꮚ౪ࡢᙉࡉ࡜ᅔ㞴ࡉ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ㸧㸦Goodman, 1997㸧ࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࢆ ᐃࡍࡿୗ఩ᑻᗘ㸦⮬ᕫホᐃࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸧ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡀῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦SDQ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟
㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᕼⷧ໬ࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪ຓࡅྜ࠸ࡢ⾜ືࡀ࡜ࡾ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡶᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ▱ぢࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜෆእ࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ⵳✚ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᅜෆ࡛ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ⡆౽࡟⮬ᕫᅇ⟅࡛ࡁࡿྥ♫఍ᛶࢆᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘࡀᑡ࡞࠸

ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ⏝ྥ♫఍ᛶᑻᗘࠖࢆ⊂⮬࡟సᡂࡋ࡚◊✲ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ㸦㣤ᮧ࣭ஂಖ⏣࣭
ᴬཎ࣭Ṋ⸨࣭฼᰿ᕝ࣭㐲⸨㸪2022㸧
ࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐ⏝ྥ♫఍ᛶᑻᗘࡣ㸪Caprara & Pastorelli㸦1993㸧
48- 48 -

࡜ Caprara, Steca, Zelli, & Capanna㸦2005㸧࡛సᡂࡉࢀࡓྥ♫఍ᛶᑻᗘࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮࡛࠶ࡿⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࢆᑓ㛛࡜ࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ 5 ྡࡀసᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ඣ❺ᮇ࣭㟷ᖺᮇࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡢ඾ᆺⓗ≉ᚩ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඹ᭷㸪ᡭఏ࠸㸪ୡヰࡢ୕ࡘࡢ⾜ືഴྥࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ࠕᝒࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ཭ࡔࡕࢆ࡞ࡄࡉࡵ࡚࠶ࡆࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ
ࠕ࿘ࡾࡢே࡟ぶษ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ
ࠕ⮬ศࡢ࠸ࡸ࡞ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶ཭ࡔࡕࡢࡓࡵ࡞ࡽࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ
ࠕ⮬ศࡢ኱ษ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࢆே࡟㈚ࡋ࡚࠶ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࠶ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ
ࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࡢ࠶ࡿ⾜ືࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖࡢ 5 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ࠕ௨ୗࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࡩࡔࢇࡢ࠶࡞ࡓ࡟࡝ࡢ
ࡃࡽ࠸࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ㡰␒࡟ㄞࢇ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍␒࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿᩘᏐ࡟۵ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ
࠸ࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᩍ♧ࡢୗ㸪ࡇࡢ 5 㡯┠࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㸦࠸࠸࠼㸧㸪2㸦࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤ㸪࠸࠸࠼㸧㸪
3㸦࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠼ࡤ㸪ࡣ࠸㸧㸪4㸦ࡣ࠸㸧ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋᮏᑻᗘࡀᐇ㝿࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡢಶேᕪࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸୍࡚ᐃࡢጇᙜᛶ࡜ಙ㢗ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋヲ⣽ࡣ㣤ᮧ௚㸦2022㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸦㸲㸧཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᡤᒓᏛ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋᏛᰯ⏕ά࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡴࡋࢁከࡃࡢሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ௨ୖ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭࣭Ꮫᖺ࣭Ꮫᰯࡢ௰㛫㸦peer㸧ࡸ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡃࡿࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛௰㛫㛵ಀࡸ཭ே㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣᩘከࡃ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., Furman & Rose,
2015; Rubin, Bukowski, & Bowker, 2015; Rubin, Bukowski, & Parker, 2006㸧ࠋ≉࡟㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ཭᝟㸦friendship㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ◊✲ࡶቑ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Hojjat& Moyer, 2017㸧ࠋ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃࡼࡾᗈ࠸㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ௰㛫㛵ಀࡸ௚ࡢே㛫㛵ಀ࡟ᇙࡵ㎸ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ཭ே㛵ಀ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚ࡿࠋ
཭ே㛵ಀ㸦friendship㸧ࢆᐃ⩏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸㸦Hojjat & Moyer, 2017㸧ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪཭ே
㛵ಀࡢᐃ⩏ࡸ≉ᚩ࡟┦ᡭ࡜ࡢ┦஫ᛶ㸦mutuality㸧ࢆྵࡵࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣぢゎࡀศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪2 ⪅㛫࡛࠾஫࠸࡟཭ே࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀ཭ே㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࡝ࡕࡽ࠿ࡢ
ࡳࡀ┦ᡭࢆ୍᪉ⓗ࡟཭ே࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ“would-be friendship㸦⮬⛠཭ே㛵ಀ㸪཭ே㛵ಀᚿᮃ㸧”࡟ࡍࡂ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡿ❧ሙ㸦Rawlins, 2017㸧ࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪୍᪉ⓗ࡟཭ே࡜ᛮࡗ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡛ࡶⓎ㐩࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪┦஫ᛶࢆ཭ே㛵ಀࡢᐃ⩏࠿ࡽእࡍ❧ሙ㸦Wrzus & Neyer, 2016㸧ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪◊✲ᐇ᪋ୖࡢไ⣙ⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ⮬ᕫሗ࿌ࡢᣦᶆࡋ࠿⏝࠸࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ཭ே㛵ಀࡀᮏᙜ࡟┦஫ⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿㸪◊✲⪅ࡀุ᩿࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Wrzus & Neyer, 2016㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶୖグ࡟ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲⪅ࡢᐃ⩏㸦Rawlins, 2017; Wrzus, Zimmermann,Mund, & Neyer, 2017㸧࡛ࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ㸦friendship㸧ࡀ㸦a㸧⮬Ⓨⓗ࡛㸪㸦b㸧ಶேⓗ࡛࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣝ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㸦c㸧ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡘ㸦୍⥴࡟࠸࡚ẼᣢࡕࡀⰋ࠿ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞⤎㸦ࡁࡎ࡞㸧ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ㸹friendship ࡣࠕ཭᝟ࠖ࡜ヂࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶከ࠸㸧࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ṋ⸨㸪2019b㸧
ࠋRawlins㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ຍ࠼࡚ඛ࡟ᣲࡆࡓ࡜࠾
ࡾ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡣ┦஫ⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡜㸪ᖹ➼࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡟ྥ࠿࠸ࡸࡍ࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ィ஬ࡘࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞≉ᚩࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Wrzus et al.㸦2017㸧ࡣୖグ㸦a㸧̿㸦c㸧ࡢ
Ⅼ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡣ஫ᜨᛶ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ௰㛫㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪㏻ᖖࡣᛶḧࢆకࢃ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ
࡚㸪⾑⦕㛵ಀࡸἲⓗᣊ᮰ࡢ࠶ࡿᐙ᪘㛵ಀࡸ㸪ᛶḧࢆక࠺ᜊឡ㛵ಀ࡜ࡣ༊ูࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
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Wrzus ࡽ㸦Wrzus & Neyer, 2016; Wrzus et al., 2017㸧ࡣࡉࡽ࡟㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㔜せ࡞஧ḟඖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉ㸦emotional closeness㸧࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶ㸦reciprocity of support㸧ࢆᣲࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉࡣ㸪୺࡟ࡑࡢ཭ே㛵ಀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ឡ᝟ࡸ႐ࡧ㸪ឤㅰ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࢆ⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶࡣ㸪⾜ࡗࡓᨭ᥼ࡀᑗ᮶␗࡞ࡿᡭẁ࡛࠾㏉ࡋࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪཭ேࡢᝎࡳࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠶ࡆࡓࡽ㸪ᚋ᪥࠾♩࡟࠾ⳫᏊࢆࡶࡽ
࠺㸪࡞࡝㸧࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛㸪༢⣧࡞ࡋࡗ࡮㏉ࡋᡓ␎㸦tit-for-tat behavior㸸┦ᡭࡢ⾜ື࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪༶ᗙ࡟ྠࡌ⾜ື࡛ᛂሗࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸧ࢆ㉸࠼ࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
཭ே㛵ಀࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬㸦㛵ಀᛶࡢ≉ᚩࡀຍ㱋࡜࡜ࡶ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡍ
ࡿ࠿㸧࡜㛵ಀᛶෆࡢⓎ㐩㸦࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛤ጞ࣭⥔ᣢ࣭ゎᾘ࣭⤊⤖ࡍࡿࡢ࠿㸧ࡢ஧ࡘ࡟ศࡅ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Furman & Rose, 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ࠾࠾ࡴࡡᑠᏛ⏕࣭୰Ꮫ⏕࣭㧗ᰯ⏕ࡢ᫬ᮇ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿඣ❺ᮇ࣭㟷ᖺᮇ࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋ࡚ㄽࡌࡿ㸦཭ே㛵ಀࡢ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ౛࠼ࡤṊ⸨㸦2019b㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋ཭ே㛵ಀࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬ࡣⓎ㐩ᮇ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᗂඣᮇ࡟ࡣᏊ౪ྠኈࡢ༢⣧࡞㏆ࡉ㸦proximity㸧ࡸ㐟ࡧ㸪ඣ❺ᮇ୰ᮇ࡟ࡣ஫࠸ࡢ᥼ຓࡸఱ࠿ࢆඹ
᭷ࡍࡿάື㸪㟷ᖺᮇ࡛ࡣぶᐦᛶࡸ⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᙉㄪࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Furman & Rose,2015㸧
ࠋຍ㱋ࡸⓎ㐩࡜࡜ࡶ࡟཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㔞㸦཭ேࡢᩘ㸧࡜㉁ࡶኚ໬ࡋ㸪≉࡟㟷ᖺᮇ࣭ᡂேᮇ
๓ᮇࡣࡑࡢ๓ᚋࡢⓎ㐩ᮇࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁ࡞཭ே㛵ಀࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆᣢࡕ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Wrzus, Hänel, Wagner, & Neyer, 2013; Wrzus & Neyer,
2016; Wrzus et al., 2017㸧ࠋ཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㉁ࡢኚ໬ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿどⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ඛ㏙ࡋࡓឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉ࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶࡢ
஧ḟඖࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Wrzus & Neyer, 2016; Wrzus et al., 2017㸧ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪㟷ᖺᮇࡣඣ❺ᮇࡼࡾࡶ཭ே㛵ಀࡸࡑࡢឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉࡀ㔜せ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪཭ேࡣぶ࡟௦ࢃࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ᝎࡳࡸ⛎ᐦࡢ┦ㄯ┦ᡭ࡜࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࠋ㟷ᖺᮇ๓ᮇ࡟ࡣ㸪ぶࡣ཭ேࡼࡾࡶ㐨ලⓗᨭ᥼㸦౛㸸ၥ㢟ゎỴࡢ⣒ཱྀ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᡭẁࡸ᝟ሗࡢᥦ౪㸧ࡸឤ᝟ⓗᨭ᥼㸦౛㸸៘ࡵࡸບࡲࡋ㸧ࢆ⾜࠺ࡀ㸪཭ே࠿ࡽࡢᨭ᥼ࡶᚎࠎ࡟ቑ࠼㸪㟷ᖺᮇᚋᮇ࡟ࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶឤ᝟ⓗᨭ᥼࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ཭ேࡀぶࢆୖᅇࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ↓ㄽ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡢⓎ㐩ࡣಶேᕪࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㉁ࡀⓎ㐩ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ྥୖࡍࡿேࡶ㸪Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿேࡶ㸪ᝏ໬ࡍࡿேࡶ࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Wrzus & Neyer, 2016㸧ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㔞ࡸ㉁࡟ࡣ Big Five ࡞࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ
ࢸ࢕≉ᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ಶேࡢ௚ࡢഃ㠃ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕
࡜཭ே㛵ಀࡣ┦஫つᐃⓗ࡟㸦┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ྜࡗ࡚㸧ඹ࡟Ⓨ㐩ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦e.g., Furman & Rose, 2015; Rubin et al., 2015; Wrzus & Neyer, 2016; Wrzus et al.,2017; ヲࡋࡃࡣṊ⸨㸦2019b㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸧ࠋ≉ᐃࡢ 2 ⪅㛫࡟࠾࠸࡚཭ே㛵ಀࡀ࠸࠿࡟ጞࡲࡾ㸪⥔ᣢࡉࢀ㸪ゎᾘࡉࢀࡿࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺㸪㛵ಀ
ᛶෆࡢⓎ㐩࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸦Furman & Rose, 2015㸧㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᵝࠎ࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࠕ㢮ࡣ཭ࢆ࿧ࡪࠖࡼ࠺࡟㸪ேࡣ⮬ศ࡜ఝࡓ㸦㢮ఝᛶࡢ㧗࠸㸧┦ᡭࢆ཭ே࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ᢥࡋ㛵ಀࢆ㛤ጞࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࡼࡃ࠶ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤ௰㛫࠿ࡽࡢ⿕ᐖ
㸦victimization㸧ࡸேẼ㸪ᨷᧁ⾜ື㸪㠀⾜㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ㸪⸆≀౑⏝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡞࡝ࡀ㸪ᚋ࡟཭ே࡜࡞
ࡗࡓ㟷ᖺྠኈࡢ㛫࡛ఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ṋ⸨㸪2019b; Rubin et al., 2015㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ከࡃࡢሙྜ㸪ேࡣ୍ᗘᙧᡂࡉࢀࡓ཭ே㛵ಀࢆᏳᐃࡋ࡚⥔ᣢࡋ㸪୍⯡࡟ຍ㱋࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡼࡾᏳᐃࡋࡓ཭ே㛵ಀࢆ⥔ᣢࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪㟷ᖺᮇ๓ᮇࡢᏛᰯෆ࡛ࡢ཭ே㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡋ
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࡚ࡣ㸪ᖺᗘጞࡵ࠿ࡽ⤊ࢃࡾࡲ࡛ 1 ᖺ⥆ࡃ཭ே㛵ಀࡣ⣙༙ศ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ」ᩘࡢ◊✲࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Rubin et al., 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ Rubin et al.㸦2015㸧ࡣ㸪ຍ㱋࡜࡜ࡶ࡟཭ே㛵ಀࡀ᤼௚ⓗ࡜࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ゎᾘࡉࢀࡿ཭ே㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ᛮ᫓ᮇ࡟㏆࡙ࡃ࡜⯆࿡ࡸ㛵ᚰࡀᛴ㏿࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪཭ேࡢ㑅ᢥࡶኚ໬ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺஧Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡀ୙Ᏻᐃ࡞㟷ᖺ࡜ẚ࡭࡚㸪Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ཭ே㛵ಀࢆᣢ࡚࡚࠸ࡿ㟷ᖺࡣ㸪ࠕᮒ࡟஺ࢃࢀࡤ㉥ࡃ࡞ࡿࠖࡼ࠺࡟㸪άືࡢ㑅ᢥࡸ㠀⾜࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⾜ືഃ㠃ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡸ㐩ᡂືᶵ࡜࠸ࡗࡓෆⓗᒓᛶࡶࡑࡢ཭ே࡜஫࠸࡟ࡼࡃఝ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Hafen,
Laursen, Burk, Kerr, & Stattin, 2011; Ṋ⸨㸪2019b㸧ࠋⱝ⪅ࡢ཭ேྠኈࡢ㢮ఝᛶࡣ㸪ᛶูࡸே✀㸪Ẹ᪘࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡽࡎ㸪ᨷᧁࡸ௚⪅࠿ࡽࡢ᧔㏥࡞࡝ࡢ⾜ືࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ㸪Ꮫᴗ㐩ᡂ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘࡸ୙Ᏻ࡞࡝ࡢෆᅾ໬㸦internalizing㸧ၥ㢟㸪㠀⾜ࡸ཯♫఍ⓗ⾜ື࡞࡝ࡢእᅾ໬㸦externalizing㸧ၥ㢟㸪ேẼ㸪♫఍ⓗ᝟ሗฎ⌮㸦social information processing㸸┦ᡭࡢ⾜ືࡢពᅗࡸ⪃࠼ࡢㄞࡳྲྀࡾ᪉㸧
㸪᐀ᩍᛶ㸪య㔜㸪㌟యάືഴྥ࡞࡝ከᒱ࡟ரࡿ㸦Rubin et al., 2015㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⮬ศࡸ┦ᡭࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≉ᚩࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡛㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㛤ጞࡸᖐ⤖㸪ࡲࡓⓎ㐩࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣṇ㈇࡝ࡕࡽࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ࡶ኱ࡁࡃᕥྑࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドⓗ࡟ࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡣ⏕ᾭࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚ಶேࡢᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣࡸ㐺ᛂ㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟῝ࡃ㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ṋ⸨㸪2019b㸧ࠋ཭ே㛵ಀࡢᶵ⬟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢥࣥࣃࢽ࢜ࣥࢩࢵࣉ
㸦companionship㸸ᴦࡋ࠸άືࢆ୍⥴࡟㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜㸧ࡸ㐨ලⓗ᥼ຓ㸦instrumental aid㸧㸪ಙ㢗࡛ࡁࡿྠ┕㸦reliable alliance㸧㸪ୡヰ㸦nurturance㸧㸪཭ே࡜ࡋ࡚㑅ࡤࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿ⮬㌟ࡢ౯್ࡢቑ኱㸦enhancement of worth㸧㸪ឡ᝟㸦affection㸧㸪⮬ᕫ㛤♧࡟㛵ࢃࡿぶᐦᛶ㸦intimacy㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞ࡶࡢࡀಶே࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀ㸪ඣ❺ᮇ࣭㟷ᖺᮇࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ㐺ᛂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Erdley & Day, 2017㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪩ᮇࡢ཭ே㛵ಀࡣ㸪ᚋࡢᜊឡ㛵ಀࡸኵ፬㛵ಀ㸪⮬㌟ࡢᏊ౪࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ㸦ே㛫㛵ಀ࡜ࡣ඾ᆺⓗ࡟ࡣࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺୍✀ࡢࢫࢡࣜࣉࢺ㸧࡟ࡶ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸦Rubin et al., 2015㸧ࠋᐇ㝿࡟㸪ከࡃࡢ◊✲࡛㸪Ⰻዲ࡞཭ே㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿᏊ౪ࡸᡂேࡣ⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗ࡃ㌟యⓗ࣭⢭⚄ⓗ࡟೺ᗣ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫᴗࡸ௙஦࡛Ⰻ࠸ᡂ⦼ࡸࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࢆ཰ࡵ㸪Ꮩ⊂ឤࡸᢚ࠺ࡘ㸪୙Ᏻࡀపࡃ㸪௰㛫࠿ࡽ࠸ࡌࡵ࡞࡝ࡢ⿕ᐖࢆཷࡅࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀపࡃ㸪⑌⑓⋡ࡸṚஸ⋡ࡶప࠸࡞࡝㸪ᴫࡋ࡚཭ே㛵ಀࡀ⏕ᾭⓎ㐩࡟࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ᖐ⤖ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡀᐇドⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦Erdley & Day, 2017; Furman & Rose, 2015; Holt-Lunstad, 2017; Perlman, 2017; Rubinet al., 2015㸧ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶୖグ࡛ᘬ⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲඲࡚ࡀ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡣ᫬࡟ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ
࡞ᖐ⤖ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡇ࡜ࡶྠ᫬࡟ᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣṊ⸨
㸦2019b㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ேࡣ⮬ศ࡟ఝࡓேࢆ཭ே࡟㑅ࡧࡸࡍࡃ㸪Ᏻᐃࡋࡓ཭ே㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛ࡉࡽ࡟஫࠸࡟ఝ࡚ࡃࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪཭ேྠኈࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞
ᛶ㉁ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ᛶ㉁ࡀ㢮ఝࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
཭ே㛵ಀ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵㐃࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜෆ࡛ࡣఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡀྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪 SDQ ࡢ௰㛫㛵ಀࡢၥ㢟㸦Peer Problems㸸ࠕ௰㛫ࠖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢ㡯┠࡛ࡣ཭ே㛵ಀࡶ୍㒊 ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸹Goodman, 1997㸧ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿୗ఩ᑻᗘ㸦⮬ᕫホᐃࣇ࢛࣮࣒㸧ࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣᮧᒣ࣭ఀ⸨࣭኱ᕌ࣭∦᱒࣭὾⏣࣭୰ᓥ࣭ୖᐑ࣭㔝ᮧ࣭㧗ᰗ࣭᫂⩲࣭㎷஭㸦2016㸧ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕⏝ࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ぶࡸᩍᖌ࡞࡝ࡢ࿘ᅖࡢ኱ே࠿ࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪࿘ᅖࡢ཭ே࠿ࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪࠸ࡌࡵ⿕ᐖ࡞࡝ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ၥ㢟ࡢቑ
51- 51 -ຍࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪཭ே࠿ࡽࡢࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀῶᑡ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᕼⷧ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㛵ಀୖࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࡣቑ࠼࡞࠸
ࡀ㸪┦஫ࡢຓࡅྜ࠸ࡢ⾜ືࡣྲྀࡾ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㔜せ࡞஧ḟඖ࡛࠶ࡿឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉ࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶ㸦Wrzus &Neyer, 2016; Wrzus et al., 2017㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡢ▱ぢ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀ཭ே㛵ಀࡢᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶ
ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ୍ᐃࡢドᣐࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉࢆపୗࡉ
ࡏࡿ࠿࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ᫂☜࡞ドᣐࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉ࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶࡢ୧᪉ࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ụᮧ࣭኱ஂಖ㸦2012㸧࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᰯ⏕άᑻᗘ㸦኱ஂಖ࣭㟷ᰗ㸪2004㸧ࡢࠕᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠖࠕ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠖࠕᏛᴗࠖࡢ 3 ୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠖᑻᗘࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
ࠕ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠖᑻᗘ㸦Ụᮧ࣭኱ஂಖ㸪2012㸹኱ஂಖ࣭㟷ᰗ㸪2004㸧ࡣࠕ཭ࡔࡕ࡜୍⥴࡟࠸ࡿ࡜ᴦࡋ࠸ࠖ
ࠕẼ㍍࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿ཭ࡔࡕࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕ௰ࡢ࠸࠸཭ࡔࡕࡀࡓࡃࡉ
ࢇ࠸ࡿࠖࠕ཭ࡔࡕࡣ⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖࠕᝎࡳࢆ┦ㄯ࡛ࡁࡿ཭ࡔࡕࡀ࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕྠࡌࡇ࡜࡟⯆࿡ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ཭ࡔࡕࡀ࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕ཭ࡔࡕ࡟ዲ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 7 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ㡯┠ෆᐜⓗ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽ 7 㡯┠ࢆឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉ࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿୍᪉࡟᫂
☜࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡀ㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ぶᐦࡉ㸦ࠕ཭ࡔࡕ࡜୍⥴࡟࠸ࡿ࡜ᴦࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝㸧࡜ᨭ᥼ࡢ஫ᜨᛶ㸦
ࠕᝎࡳࢆ┦ㄯ࡛ࡁࡿ཭ࡔࡕࡀ࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ୧᪉ࡢෆᐜࢆྵࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ
࡚᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ༑ศ࡟ྍ⬟ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ụᮧ࣭኱ஂಖ㸦2012㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ࡶ࡜ࡶ࡜୰㧗⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓᏛᰯ⏕άᑻᗘ㸦኱ஂಖ࣭㟷ᰗ㸪2004㸧ࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࡀ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡟ᢳฟࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏᑻᗘࡣᑠᏛ⏕࡛ࡶ୰Ꮫ⏕࡛ࡶ༑ศ࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸦㸳㸧Ꮫ⩦ពḧ㸦Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᏛ⩦ពḧ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜↓Ẽຊឤࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ࢔㸬⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅᏛᰯࡸ♫఍࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ࡽᏛࡪពḧࡀ㔜せどࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡟Ꮫࡪពḧ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᴫᛕ࡟⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦autonomous motivation㸧࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., Deci & Ryan,
2012㸧ࠋືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦motivation㸸ࡑࡢࡲࡲࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ㸧ࡣࠕࡸࡿẼࠖࡸࠕពḧࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓゝⴥ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᚰ⌮ᏛࡢᏛ⾡⏝ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ࡸࡿẼࡸពḧ࡜ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࣭ࣔࢳ
࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡢཝᐦ࡞ព࿡ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㮵ẟ㸦2022㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧ࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣ୍⯡࡟㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣࠕ≉ᐃࡢ⾜ⅭࡀጞⓎࡋ㸪ᣢ⥆ࡋ㸪᪉ྥ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ㸪⤊⤖ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࠖ㸦㮵ẟ㸪
2022, p. 7㸧࡜ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡣ✀㢮ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪᭷ྡ࡞ࡶࡢ࡟ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦intrinsic motivation㸧࡜እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦extrinsic motivation㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢάືࢆࡍࡿࡇ
࡜⮬యࡀ⯆࿡῝ࡃᴦࡋࡃ㸪┠ⓗࡸ┠ᶆ㸪ሗ㓘࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆᣦࡋ㸪እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢάືࡀูࡢ┠ⓗ࣭┠ᶆࢆ㐩ᡂࡍࡿᡭẁ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㈹ࢆḧࡋ⨩ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡑࡢά
ື࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆᣦࡍ㸦㮵ẟ㸪2022; Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2000b㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪52- 52 -

ෆⓗ࡛࠶ࢀእⓗ࡛࠶ࢀ㸪ேࡀఱ࠿ࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠕື࠿ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜㸦to be moved㸧ࠖࡀࠕືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸦Ryan & Deci, 2000b㸧㸪ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪ఱ࠿ࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍ࢚ࢿ
ࣝࢠ࣮ࡸࡑࡢ᪉ྥᛶ㸪ᣢ⥆ᛶ࡞࡝㸪⾜Ⅽࡢάᛶ໬ࡸពᅗࡢ࠶ࡽࡺࡿഃ㠃࡟㛵ࢃࡾ㸦Ryan &Deci, 2000a㸧㸪┠ᶆᣦྥⓗ㸦goal-directed㸧࡞άືࡸ⾜ືࡢෆᐜࡸࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᴫᛕ࡛
࠶ࡿ㸦Deci & Ryan, 2000㸧ࠋືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᴫᛕࡸ⌮ㄽ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࢃࡾ㸪
1980 ᖺ௦௨㝆ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ◊✲ࢆ࣮ࣜࢻࡋ⥆ࡅ௒ࡸ୍኱⌮ㄽ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ㸦self-determination theory, SDT: e.g., Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000, 2012; Ryan & Deci,
2000a, 2000b, 2020㸧࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚ㄽࡌࡿ㸦⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡸ௚ࡢከࡃࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᴫᛕ࣭
⌮ㄽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ヲ⣽ࡣ㮵ẟ㸦2022㸧ࡸ฼᰿ᕝ㸦2017㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸧ࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣேࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕Ⓨ㐩࡬ࡢ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ேࡣ
ᮏ㉁ⓗ࡟ᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞ᡂ㛗ࡸ⤫ྜࢆᕼồࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡸ⇍㐩㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ࡟ྥ࠿࠺ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ
࡜௬ᐃࡋ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ✚ᴟⓗ࣭⬟ືⓗ࡞ഴྥࡀ࠸࠿࡞ࡿᨭ᥼᮲௳࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㸦Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2020㸧ࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡣࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸦᭷⬟ࡉ㸸competence㸧࡬ࡢḧồ㸪⮬ᚊᛶ㸦autonomy㸧࡬ࡢḧồ㸪㛵ಀᛶ㸦relatedness㸧࡬ࡢḧồࢆே㛫ࡢ୕ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗᚰ⌮ḧồ㸦basic psychological needs㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ࡬ࡢḧồࡣ㸪⮬ᕫࡢෆእࡢ⎔ቃ࡜࠺ࡲࡃ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪⇍㐩ឤࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⮬ศࡣᡂຌࡸᡂ㛗ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤ
ぬࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⮬ᚊᛶ࡬ࡢḧồࡣ㸪⮬㌟ࡢ᣺ࡿ⯙࠸ࡸ⏕άࡀ⮬ᚊⓗ㸦⮬ᕫỴᐃⓗ㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪୺ᑟᶒࢆᥱࡗ࡚⮬ศࡢࡶࡢ࡟࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㛵ಀᛶ࡬ࡢḧồࡣ㸪௚⪅ࡸ㞟ᅋ࡜㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ᖐᒓព㆑ࡸࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡢឤぬࢆồࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Deci &Ryan, 2012; Ryan & Deci, 2020㸧ࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪ேࡣࡇࢀࡽ୕ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗḧồࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ
ಁ㐍ࡉࢀ㸪ᡂ㛗࡜⤫ྜࡢࡓࡵࡢᮏ᮶ࡢഴྥࡀ᭱㐺࡟ᶵ⬟ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪♫఍ⓗⓎ㐩ࡸಶேࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡶಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢḧồࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀ࡞࠸࡜㸪≉ᐃࡢ⾜ືࢆ࡜ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᅽຊࢆឤࡌࡿ⤫ไⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦controlled motivation㸧ࡸ㸪⾜ືࡢពᅗࡀ࡞࠸↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦amotivation㸧ࡀຓ㛗ࡉࢀ㸪ᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣ࡟ࡶᝏᙳ㡪ࡀཬࡪ࡜௬ᐃࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ㸦Deci & Ryan, 2012; Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2020㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡣ㸪ྂ௦ࢠࣜࢩࣕࡢဴᏛ⪅࢔ࣜࢫࢺࢸࣞࢫࡢ࣮ࣘࢲ࢖ࣔࢽ࢔㸦eudaimonia㸧࡜࠸࠺ᖾ⚟ᴫᛕ࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿ㸪ࠕၿࡃ⏕ࡁࡿࠖࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ಶேࡀ࣮ࣘࢲ࢖ࣔࢽ࢔ࢆ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪⏕ᾭࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚୕ࡘࡢᇶᮏⓗḧồࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Ryan & Deci, 2000a; Ryan, Huta, & Deci, 2008㸧ࠋእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪ࡋࡤࡋࡤ஧㡯ᑐ❧ⓗ࡟ㄒࡽࢀ㸪᫬࡟ࡣෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢࡳࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ⮬ᕫỴᐃⓗ㸦⮬ᚊⓗ㸧࠿࡜࠸࠺ḟඖ࠿ࡽ୧⪅ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㐃⥆ⓗ࡟ᤊ࠼㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ᭱ࡶ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࡘࡘࡶ㸪እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅᴫᛕࢆ⮬ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ␗࡞ࡿᅄࡘࡢࢧࣈࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟⣽ศ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ୰࡟ࡶ┦ᑐⓗ࡟⮬ᚊⓗ࡛㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗ೺ᗣࡸᏛ⩦࡞࡝ࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., Deci & Ryan, 2012; Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2020㸧ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡶேࡀᡂ㛗ࡋ♫఍ࡢ୰࡛೺ᗣⓗ࡟⏕ࡁࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Deci & Ryan, 2012; Ryan & Deci, 2000a㸧ࠋෆ53- 53 -

Ⓨⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ⌮᝿࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୍ே୍ேࡣ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡽࡺࡿᏛᰯࡢᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗࡸㅖάື࡛ඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆෆⓎⓗ࡟ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌧ᐇⓗ࡟ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜
ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡿ࡜㸦e.g., Ryan & Deci, 2000a㸧㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞እⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡶ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦amotivation㸧㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸦external regulation㸧㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸦introjected regulation㸧㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸦identified regulation㸧㸪⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚ
㸦integrated regulation㸧㸪ෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㡰࡛⮬ᚊᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g.,
Ryan & Deci, 2000a, 2020㸧ࠋ↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪⾜ື࡟ពᅗࡀ࡞࠸
≧ែ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪඲ࡃάືࡋ࡞࠸࠿㸪ఱ࠿ࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡩࡾࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ
ᩍᐊ⎔ቃ࡛ࡣࡼࡃ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡉࢀ㸪ᐇ⾜ࡍࡿ᭷⬟ឤࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ㸪౯್ࡸ⯆࿡ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡸ೺ᗣ࡞࡝࡟ᝏᙳ㡪࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ryan & Deci, 2020㸧ࠋ
Ryan & Deci㸦2000a, 2020㸧ࡸ Deci & Ryan㸦2012㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᅄࡘࡢእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ࡜ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࡀ⤫ไⓗ㸦௚ᚊⓗ㸧ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ࡜⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࡀ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋእⓗㄪᩚࡣእ࠿ࡽ୚࠼ࡽࢀࡿሗ㓘ࡸ⨩ࡀ㥑ࡾ❧࡚ࡿ⾜ື࡟㛵ࢃࡾ㸪⮬ศࡀእ㒊࠿ࡽ⤫ไࡉࢀ⮬ᚊⓗ࡛࡞࠸࠿ࡢࡼ࠺࡟඾ᆺⓗ࡟⤒㦂ࡉࢀࡿືᶵ࡙
ࡅࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢ㈹⨩࡟ࡼࡿእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿࠋྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⾜ືࡢ౯್ࡀ㒊ศⓗ࡟ෆᅾ໬ࡉࢀ࡚㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚㸧࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡲࡔ᏶඲࡟ࡣ⮬ศࡢࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ẁ㝵ࡢእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㄂ࡾࡸ⮬ᑛᚰ࡞࡝ࡢᡂຌ࡟క
࠺ෆⓗሗ㓘ࢆᚓࡿࡓࡵࡸ㸪ኻᩋ࡟క࠺୙Ᏻࡸ᜝㸪⨥ᝏឤࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⾜ືࡀㄪᩚࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⾜ືࡀ⮬ศ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ᮏᙜ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⌮ゎࡋཷࡅධࢀ㸪⮬ࡽ㐍ࢇ࡛ࡑࡢ⾜ືࢆࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢẁ㝵ࡼࡾࡶࡉࡽ࡟㐍ࢇࡔእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ౯್ࢆㄆ㆑ࡋ⮬ᕫ࡜ྠ୍໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⮬ᕫࡢ୰᰾࡟࠶ࡿ௚ࡢ⯆࿡ࡸ౯್ほ࡜ࡶㄪ࿴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆᣦࡍࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᅄࡘࡢእⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᩚ⌮࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪♫఍໬㸦socialization㸧ࡢ㐣⛬࡛⏕ࡌࡿෆᅾ໬㸦internalization㸧ࡸ⤫ྜ㸦integration㸧ࡢ⛬ᗘࡶ⪃៖ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Deci & Ryan, 2000; Ryan & Deci, 2000a㸧
ࠋෆᅾ໬ࡣ౯್ࡸつ๎ࢆ⮬ᕫࡢෆ㒊࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⤫ྜࡣࡉࡽ࡟⮬ศࡢࡶࡢ࡟ࡋ࡚⮬ᕫࡢឤぬ࠿ࡽⓎࡏࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Ryan & Deci, 2000a㸧ࠋእⓗㄪᩚ࡛ࡣ⾜ືࡢ౯್ࡀ඲ࡃෆᅾ໬
ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࡢ㡰࡟ෆᅾ໬࡜⤫ྜࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋேࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤぶ࡞࡝ࡢ㔜せ࡞௚⪅ࡀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⾜ືࡢ౯್ࢆ⮬ศ࡟ఏ࠼࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ືࡢ౯್ࢆෆᅾ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸦Deci & Ryan, 2012㸧㸪
ࡓ࡜࠼ෆⓎⓗ࡟ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸦⯆࿡ࡸᴦࡋ࠸Ẽᣢࡕࡀ‪࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ㸧㸪ࡑࡢ⾜ື࡟౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋ㔜せ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤࡑࢀࢆ㐍ࢇ࡛⮬ᚊⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶ࡢෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣෆⓗㄪᩚ㸦intrinsic regulation㸸すᮧ࣭Ἑᮧ࣭Ḉ஭㸪2011㸹㕥ᮌ࣭すᮧ࣭Ꮮ㸪2015㸧࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀ㸪⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࡼࡾࡶ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ⬟ືⓗ࡛⤫ྜⓗ࡞ே㛫ᮏ᮶ࡢഴྥࡀ⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡓ㸪⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢࣉࣟࢺࢱ࢖ࣉ㸦᭱ࡶ඾ᆺⓗ࡞౛㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㐟ࡧࡸ᥈⣴㸪ዲወᚰ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿάືࡀෆⓎⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡼࡿ⾜ືࡢⰋ࠸౛࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ryan &Deci, 2020㸧ࠋࡑࢀ࡛ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦࡬ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ཷࡅࡿࡢ
54- 54 -

ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽࡢᯟ⤌ࡳ࡛ࡣ㸪ேࡀ೺ᗣⓗ࡟Ⓨ㐩ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸪⮬ᚊᛶ㸪㛵ಀᛶࡢḧồࢆ඘㊊ࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵࡢᨭ᥼ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᇶᮏ
ⓗḧồࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀ㸪㜼ᐖࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⤫ไⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀຓ㛗ࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋRyan & Deci㸦2020㸧࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ࡬ࡢḧồࡣ㸪᭱㐺࡞ᣮᡓࡸ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ࣇ࢕࣮ࢻࣂࢵࢡ㸪ᡂ㛗ࡢᶵ఍ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺
࡞㸪ࡼࡃᵓ㐀໬ࡉࢀࡓ⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᭱ࡶ‶ࡓࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᚊᛶࡣ㸪⯆࿡ࡸ౯್ࡢ
⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᨭ᥼ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ሗ㓘࠿⨩࠿࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎእⓗ࡟⤫ไࡉࢀࡿ⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ḟ➨࡟ᦆ࡞ࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪㛵ಀᛶࡣᩗព࡜ᛮ࠸ࡸࡾ㸦caring㸧ࢆఏ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ಁ
㐍ࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋ୍⯡ⓗ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫࡸ⮬ᚊᛶ㸪㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ୍ே୍ே࡬ࡢᨭ᥼ࡶ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢᨭ᥼ࡶ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸧ࡣపࡲࡾ㸪⤫ไⓗ㸦௚ᚊⓗ㸧ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ㧗ࡲࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵᑻᗘ㸦すᮧ௚㸪
2011㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪⤫ྜⓗㄪᩚࢆ㝖ࡃ஧ࡘࡢ⮬ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸧࡜㸪஧ࡘࡢ⤫ไⓗ㸦௚ᚊⓗ㸧ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢖㸬↓Ẽຊឤ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡼࡾࡶᗈ࠸୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗ࡞㐺ᛂࡸ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿᵝࠎ࡞㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡣᑐᴟ࡟࠶ࡿᴫᛕ࡜ࡋ
࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡶ╔┠ࡍࡿࠋࠕ୕↓୺⩏ࠖ
㸦↓Ẽຊ࣭↓㛵ᚰ࣭↓㈐௵㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓゝⴥ࡟௦⾲ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪↓Ẽຊࡣ㸪1970 ᖺ௦㡭࠿ࡽ௒᪥࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛㸪ᵝࠎ࡞᫬௦⫼ᬒࢆཷࡅࡘࡘࡶ㸪㟷ᑡᖺࡢ୍ࡘࡢᚰ⌮ⓗഴྥࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ၥ㢟࡟ࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ↓Ẽຊࡢపᖺ㱋໬ࡶྉࡤࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ஂࡋࡃ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡸ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., ➟஭࣭ᮧᯇ࣭ಖᆏ࣭୕ᾆ㸪1995㸧
ࠋ↓Ẽຊࡣ୙Ⓩᰯࡢ኱ࡁ࡞せᅉ࡜ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࠕ↓Ẽຊᆺࠖࡢ୙Ⓩᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡇࢀ
ࡲ࡛ᗘࠎゝཬࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., ∾㸪2019; ୗᆏ㸪2001㸧ࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢࠕ௧࿴ 3 ᖺᗘ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢၥ㢟⾜ື࣭୙Ⓩᰯ➼⏕ᚐᣦᑟୖࡢㅖㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢᴫせࠖ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㸪2022b㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪2021 ᖺᗘࡣᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୙Ⓩᰯඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡣ 24 ୓ 4,940 ே㸦๓ᖺ
ᗘ 19 ୓ 6,127 ே㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪๓ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 4 ୓ 8,813 ே㸦24.9%㸧ቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୙Ⓩᰯඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡣ 9 ᖺ㐃⥆࡛ቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪⣙ 55㸣ࡢ୙Ⓩᰯඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ 90 ᪥௨ୖḞᖍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡣ㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢఇ㣴ࡢᚲせᛶࢆ᫂♧ࡋࡓࠕ⩏ົᩍ⫱ࡢẁ㝵࡟
࠾ࡅࡿᬑ㏻ᩍ⫱࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿᩍ⫱ࡢᶵ఍ࡢ☜ಖ➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿἲᚊࠖࡢ㊃᪨ࡢᾐ㏱ࡢഃ㠃ࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪⏕ά⎔ቃࡢኚ໬࡟ࡼࡾ⏕άࣜࢬ࣒ࡀ஘ࢀࡸࡍ࠸≧ἣࡸ㸪Ꮫᰯ⏕ά࡟࠾࠸࡚ᵝࠎ࡞ไ㝈ࡀ࠶ࡿ୰࡛஺཭㛵ಀࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡜࡞࡝㸪Ⓩᰯࡍࡿពḧࡀ‪ࡁ࡟ࡃ࠸≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜➼ࡶ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ
㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㸪2022b㸪p. 3㸧࡜㏙࡭࡚࠾ࡾ㸪2020 ᖺࡼࡾᅜෆ࡛
ࡶឤᰁࡀ⶝ᘏ㸦ࡲࢇ࠼ࢇ㸧ࡋࡓ᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕㸦COVID-19㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠿ࡗ
ࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ྠㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢヲ⣽㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬㸪2022a㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ୙Ⓩᰯࡢ୺ࡓ
55- 55 -ࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ከ࠸ࡶࡢࡣ㸪ࠕ↓Ẽຊ࣭୙Ᏻࠖ
㸦12 ୓ 1,796 ே㸹୙Ⓩᰯඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜ㸸
49.7%㸧㸪
ࠕ⏕άࣜࢬ࣒ࡢ஘ࢀ㸪࠶ࡑࡧ㸪㠀⾜ࠖ
㸦2 ୓ 8,749 ே㸹11.7%㸧
㸪ࠕ࠸ࡌࡵࢆ㝖ࡃ཭ே㛵ಀࢆࡵࡄࡿၥ㢟ࠖ
㸦2 ୓ 3,741 ே㸹9.7%㸧
㸪ࠕぶᏊࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࠖ
㸦1 ୓ 9,712 ே㸹8.0%㸧㸪ࠕᏛᴗࡢ୙᣺ࠖ
㸦1 ୓ 2,759 ே㸹5.2%㸧ࡢ㡰࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ↓Ẽຊ࣭୙Ᏻࠖࡢᅇ⟅ࡀ௚ࡢせᅉࡼࡾࡶᴟ
ࡵ࡚ከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㧗ᰯ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪2021 ᖺᗘࡢ୙Ⓩᰯ⏕ᚐᩘࡣ 5 ୓ 985 ே㸦๓ᖺᗘ 4 ୓ 3,051 ே㸧࡜๓ᖺᗘࡼࡾࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୙Ⓩᰯࡢせᅉࡢᅇ⟅࡛ࡣࠕ↓Ẽຊ࣭୙Ᏻࠖ㸦1 ୓ 9,977 ே㸹39.2%㸧ࡀ᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡶࡋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ↓Ẽຊឤ࡜ࡶ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪௬࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀ↓Ẽຊឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪୙Ⓩᰯ࡟ࡶࡘ࡞ࡀࡿၥ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪୙Ⓩᰯᑐ⟇ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜↓Ẽຊឤࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣႚ⥭ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᢚ࠺ࡘࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪᳨ウࡋࡓ௚ࡢㅖኚᩘࡢ⤖ᯝࡶ㋃ࡲ
࠼࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡣࠕ࠸ࡌࡵࡸࢣࣥ࢝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞እᅾ໬ၥ㢟ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࢡࣛࢫෆࡢ཭ே࣭ᩍ
ᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᕼⷧ໬ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㸪ࢫࢺࣞࢫࢆෆഃ࡟⁀㸦ࡓ㸧ࡵ㎸ࡴෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸࡍ
࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠖ㸦ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸪p. 462㸧࡜⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᢚ࠺ࡘࡣ↓Ẽຊឤ࡜ࡶ㛵㐃ࡀ῝࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦∾㸪2019㸧㸪↓Ẽຊឤ࡟↔Ⅼ໬ࡋࡓ᳨ウࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪↓Ẽຊࡣࢫࢳ࣮ࣗࢹࣥࢺ࣭࢔ࣃࢩ࣮㸦student apathy㸧ࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㛗ࡽࡃ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., ➟஭௚㸪1995; ୗᆏ㸪2001㸧
ࠋࡑࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡣ㸪⢭⚄⑓ࡸ⚄⤒⑕ࡢ⑕≧࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ㸪ࠕᏛᴗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㑅ᢥⓗ࡞↓Ẽຊ≧ែࠖ㸦➟஭௚㸪1995㸪p. 424㸧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᙜึࡣ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟≉᭷ࡢ≧ែ࡜ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࠿ࡽ♫఍ே࡟⮳ࡿࡼࡾᗈ࠸ᖺ㱋ᒙ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪↓Ẽຊ≧ែࡀᏛᴗࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎᏛᰯ࣭♫఍⏕ά୍⯡࡟࠾ࡅࡿከࡃ
ࡢሙ㠃࣭㡿ᇦ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࣭୰Ꮫ⏕࣭㧗ᰯ⏕࣭኱Ꮫ⏕࡞࡝㸪ྛⓎ㐩ᮇࡢ↓Ẽຊ≧ែࢆẚ㍑᳨ウࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞◊✲ࡶ┒ࢇ࡟࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦e.g., ➟஭௚㸪1995; ୗᆏ㸪2001㸧ࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪↓Ẽຊࢆືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼㸪Ꮫ⩦ᛶ↓ຊឤ㸦learned helpfulness㸸⮬ศࡀດຊࢆࡋ࡚ࡶఱᗘࡶኻᩋࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪↓ຊឤࢆᏛ⩦ࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࡇ࡜㸹
Seligman, 1972㸧ࡸ㸪ຠຊឤ㸦efficacy㸸⮬ศ࡟࡛ࡁࡑ࠺ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠸㸪࿘ࡾࡢ⎔ቃ࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ≧ែ㸧ࡢḞዴࡀཎᅉ࡜ࡳࡿ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡶ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦Ἴከ㔝࣭✄ᇉ㸪
1981㸧
ࠋඛ࡟ぢࡓ⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ↓ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⩦ᛶ↓ຊឤࡸ㸪ຠຊឤࡢḞዴ࡞࡝࠿ࡽⓎ⏕ࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ryan & Deci, 2000a㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᐃ⩏ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᣢࡘࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᴫᛕ໬ࡉࢀ࡚
ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ↓Ẽຊឤࡢ୍ഃ㠃࡜ࡋ࡚㸪㌟యⓗ࡞⑂ປឤ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿࠋᏊ౪࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ศࡢឤ᝟ࡸ≧ែࢆゝⴥ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪㌟య㠃ࡢ⑕≧ࡸ㸪㌟యࡢ⑕≧ࡢゝㄒ໬㸦౛㸸ࠕ⑂ࢀࡓࠖ㸧࡛⾲⌧ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➟஭௚㸪1995㸹∾㸪2019㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪኱ேࡸᩍᖌ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᏊ౪ࡢ㌟యࡢ⑕≧ࡸ㌟యゝㄒ⾲⌧ࡣࠕ↓Ẽຊࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚᭱
ࡶ┠࡟ࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ഃ㠃࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦➟஭௚㸪1995㸧ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ከࡃࡢᑻᗘ㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡓ㉁ၥ⣬࡟ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㈇ᢸࡶ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ୗᆏ㸦2001㸧ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤᑻᗘࡢ 3 ୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕ⮬ᕫ୙᫂░ࠖࠕ௚⪅୙ಙ࣭୙‶㊊ࠖ
ࠕ⑂ປឤࠖࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕ⑂ປឤࠖࢆ⏝࠸࡚ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ↓Ẽຊឤࢆᐃࡍࡿࠋୗᆏ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪㟷ᖺࡢ⏕άឤ᝟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚↓Ẽຊឤࢆ఩⨨࡙ࡅ㸪↓Ẽຊឤࢆࠕ᪥ᖖ⏕ά඲⯡࡛㸪⮬ศࢆࡸࡿẼࡀ࡞࠸࡜ឤࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࠖ
㸦p. 306㸧࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪↓Ẽຊࡢ୺ほⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࢆᤊ
56- 56 -

࠼ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪୰Ꮫ⏕࠿ࡽ኱Ꮫ⏕࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ㟷ᖺᮇ඲య࡛ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚

ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡇ

ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ᅉᏊศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ୖグࡢ 3 ᅉᏊࢆྠᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠕ⑂ປឤࠖࡣ㸪ࠕ⚾ࡣẖ᪥ࡢ⏕ά࡛⑂ࢀࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸪᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ࡢ⢭⚄࣭㌟యⓗ࡞⑂ປឤࢆ⾲ࡍ 4 㡯┠࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୗᆏ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪᪥ᖖ⏕ά࡛ࡢ୺ほⓗ࡞⑂ປయ㦂ࡀ↓Ẽຊឤࢆᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎ㧗ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃ᐹࡋ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫ୙᫂░ࠖ㸦⌧ᅾ࠿ࡽᑗ᮶࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡀᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡍ㡯┠࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓᅉᏊ㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛗ᮇⓗ࡞どⅬ࡛ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࠕ⑂ປឤࠖࡢࡼ࠺࡞▷ᮇⓗ࡟ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ↓ẼຊឤࡶᏑᅾࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ
⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪୰㧗⏕࡜኱Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪኱Ꮫ⏕ࡼࡾࡶ୰㧗⏕ࡢ᪉ࡀ⑂ປឤࢆᙉࡃឤࡌ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୰㧗⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ពḧ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛᰯ㐺ᛂឤ࡜཭ே㛵ಀ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛᰯ㐺ᛂឤࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ⑂ປឤ࡜㈇࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡸ཭ே㛵ಀࡢ㡿ᇦ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐺ᛂឤࡀపୗࡋࡓሙྜ࡟⑂ປឤࡀᙉࡃឤࡌࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ୗᆏ㸦2001㸧ࡣ㸪୰Ꮫ࣭㧗ᰯࡢᏛᰯ⏕άࡣ኱Ꮫ⏕ά࡟ẚ࡭࡚ཷ㦂ࢆ᥍࠼࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㔜せᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜࡜㸪1 ᪥ࡢ኱༙ࢆᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢྠࡌ཭ேࡢ୰࡛㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡀ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ⑂ປឤࢆᙉࡃឤࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃ᐹࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦㸴㸧ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᛶ᱁≉ᛶ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Big Five㸦ࣅࢵࢢࣇ࢓
࢖ࣈ㸧ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡛ࡣᛶ᱁࡟࠾࠾ࡴࡡ┦ᙜࡍࡿᴫᛕࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦personality㸧࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦personality trait㸧࡜ࡣ㸪ᛮ⪃㸪ឤ᝟㸪⾜ືࡢẚ㍑ⓗỌ⥆ⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾ㸪≉ᐃࡢ≧ἣୗ࡛≉ᐃࡢ᪉ἲ࡛཯ᛂࡍࡿഴྥࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚
ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Roberts, 2009, p. 140㸧ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠕ㝧Ẽࠖࠕ┿㠃┠ࠖ࡞࡝㸪ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸧ࢆ⾲ࡍゝⴥࡣ᪥ᮏㄒ࡟ࡶᩘከࡃᏑᅾࡋ㸪ࡲࡓᐇ㝿࡟⚾ࡓࡕࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㝧Ẽ࡞ே࠿ࡽ඲ࡃ㝧Ẽ࡛࡞࠸ேࡶ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟┿㠃┠࡞ே࠿ࡽ඲ࡃ┿㠃┠࡛࡞࠸ேࡶ࠸ࡿࡼ࠺
࡟㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡣಶேᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡲ࡛Ḣ⡿ᅪࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㸪ᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲⪅ࡀᩘከࡃ࠶ࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡢศ㢮ࢆヨࡳ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ✀㢮ࡸ୺せ࡞ᩘ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚⇕࠸ㄽதࡀ⧞ࡾᗈࡆࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡇ
ࡇ 30 ᖺ࡯࡝ࡣேࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆእྥᛶ㸦Extraversion㸧㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸦ㄪ࿴ᛶ㸸
Agreeableness㸧㸪໅ຮᛶ㸦ㄔᐇᛶ㸸Conscientiousness㸧㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸦Neuroticism㸧㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸦Openness㸧ࡢ኱ࡁࡃ஬ࡘࡢ≉ᛶḟඖ࡛ᤊ࠼ࡿ Big Five ཪࡣ 5 ᅉᏊࣔࢹࣝ㸦Five Factor
Model, FFM㸧࡜࠸࠺⌮ㄽࣔࢹࣝࡀ୺ὶ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Costa & McCrae, 1995;
Goldberg, 1981; John, Naumann, & Soto, 2008㸧
ࠋJohn et al.㸦2008㸧ࡢᴫᛕⓗᐃ⩏࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪እྥᛶࡣ♫఍ⓗ࣭≀㉁ⓗ࡞ୡ⏺㸦㌟ࡢ࿘ࡾࡢேࡸ≀㸧࡟⢭ຊⓗ࡟᥋㏆ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪♫஺ᛶࡸάⓎࡉ㸪⮬ᕫ୺ᙇ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࡢ⤒㦂ࡋࡸࡍࡉ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴࠋ༠ㄪᛶࡣ௚⪅࡟ᩛពࢆྥࡅࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃྥ♫఍ⓗ࡟ඹྠࡋ୍࡚⥴࡟࠺ࡲࡃࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡇ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪฼௚୺⩏ࡸඃࡋࡉ㸪ಙ㢗㸪ㅬ㐯࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴࠋ໅ຮ
ᛶࡣㄢ㢟ࡸ┠ᶆ࡟ྥ࠿ࡗࡓ⾜ືࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿ㸪♫఍ⓗ࡟Ỵࡵࡽࢀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ⾪ືไᚚࡢ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⾜ືࡍࡿ๓࡟⪃࠼ࡓࡾ㸪┠ࡢ๓ࡢ‶㊊ࢆ㐜ࡽࡏࡓࡾ㸪つ⠊ࡸつ๎࡟ᚑࡗࡓࡾ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢィ⏬࣭ᩚ⌮࣭ඃඛ㡰఩࡙ࡅࢆࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿഴྥ࡞࡝ࢆྵࡴࠋ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥࡣ᝟⥴Ᏻᐃᛶ࡜ᑐẚࡉࢀ㸦ࡑࡢࡓࡵ᝟⥴୙Ᏻᐃᛶ࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ㸧㸪୙Ᏻࡸ⚄⤒㐣ᩄ㸪ᝒࡋࡳ㸪⥭ᙇ࡞࡝ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ
࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࢆ⤒㦂ࡋࡸࡍ࠸≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㛤ᨺᛶࡣಶேࡢ⢭⚄ⓗ࣭⤒㦂ⓗ⏕άࡢᗈࡉࡸ῝ࡉ㸪⊂57- 57 -

๰ᛶ㸪」㞧ࡉࢆ⾲ࡍ≉ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪᪥ᖖࡢᩘከࡃࡢゝⴥ࡛ࡶ⾲ࡉࢀࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ
ࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆ㸪୺࡟ᅉᏊศᯒ࡜࠸࠺⤫ィⓗᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑡᩘ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ࡜࠾࠾ࡴࡡ
ࡇࡢ 5 ᅉᏊ㸦ほⅬ㸧࡟ࡲ࡜ࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡢࡀ Big Five ⌮ㄽ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Big Five ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ
ࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ㠀ᖖ࡟ᗈ࠸࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᢳ㇟໬ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛᅉᏊ࡟ࡣከࡃࡢಶูࡢ≉ᚩࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Goldberg, 1981; John et al., 2008㸧
ࠋOECD ࡢ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢫ࢟ࣝ㸦㠀ㄆ▱ࢫ࢟ࣝ㸧ࡢᯟ⤌ࡳࡣ㸪≉࡟ Big Five ࡜኱ࡲ࠿࡟୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝ᫂ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦OECD, 2015㸧
㸪Big Five ࡞࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆືᶵ࡙
ࡅࡸࢭࣝࣇࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝ࡞࡝௚ࡢከᵝ࡞ᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᚩ࡜୪ࢇ࡛㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡸ㠀ㄆ▱ࢫ࢟ࣝ㸪ࢯࣇࢺࢫ࢟ࣝ㸦soft skills㸧ࡢ୍✀࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿືࡁࡣᅜෆእ࡛┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦e.g.,
Heckman & Kautz, 2012; ᑠሷ㸪2021㸧ࠋBig Five ࡞࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡸືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡞
࡝ࡢࢯࣇࢺࢫ࢟ࣝࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯࡸປാᕷሙ࡛౯್࡙ࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ே⏕ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗᡂຌࢆணࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢯࣇࢺࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣຠᯝⓗ࡞බඹᨻ⟇ࡢ୰࡛㔜せ࡞఩⨨ࢆ༨ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄝ࠿ࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸦Heckman & Kautz, 2012㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᚰ⌮ᏛࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽࡳࡿ࡜㸪Big Five ࢆࢫ࢟ࣝ㸦skill㸧ࡸ⬟ຊ㸦ability㸧࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣៅ㔜࡟࡞ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣࠕᛶ᱁ࡣࡑࡶࡑࡶࢫ࢟ࣝ࡞ࡢ࠿㸪⬟ຊ࡞ࡢ࠿ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ၥ࠸࡜ྠࡌព࿡ࢆᣢࡘࠋᮏ㡯ෑ㢌࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࡑࡶࡑࡶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ
ࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡣᛮ⪃㸪ឤ᝟㸪⾜ືࡢẚ㍑ⓗỌ⥆ⓗ࡞ࣃࢱ࣮࡛ࣥ࠶ࡾ㸪≉ᛶ㸦trait㸧ࡣ≧ែ㸦state㸧࡟ᑐẚࡉࢀ㸪㛗࠸㛫࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ୍㈏ࡋ࡚Ᏻᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ࡘࡲࡾ▷᫬㛫࡛⡆༢࡟ࡣኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࣭
ኚ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺୰᰾ⓗ࡞ព࿡ࡀ㎸ࡵࡽࢀࡓᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦e.g., Johnson, 1997; Roberts,
2009㸧ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࡩࡔࢇෆྥⓗ࡞ேࡀᛴ࡟እྥⓗ࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪ᛰ᝼࡞ேࡀᛴ࡟໅ຮ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ
ࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ⛥㸦ࡲࢀ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Big Five ࡞࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡣ௚ࡢከࡃࡢᚰ
㌟ࡢㅖ≉ᚩ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪⎔ቃࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㑇ఏࡢᙳ㡪ࡶ኱ࡁࡃཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦e.g., Ᏻ⸨㸪2017; ᕝᮏ㸪2017㸧ࠋせࡍࡿ࡟㸪Big Five ࡞࡝ࡢ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸧≉ᛶࡣ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣝࡸ⬟ຊࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ⫱࣭カ⦎ḟ➨࡛࡝ࡇࡲ࡛ࡶఙࡤࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ᴫᛕ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡲࡓ㧗ࡅࢀࡤ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸
࡜ࡉࢀࡿᴫᛕ࡛ࡶࡑࡶࡑࡶ࡞ࡃ㸪ಶேࡢ᪥ᖖࡢࠕ඾ᆺ್ࠖࡸࠕᖹᆒ್ࠖ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣಶேࡢ῝ᒙ࡟࠶ࡿࠕ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࡢಶேᕪࢆ⾲ࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸦㐲⸨㸪2017㸧㸪≉ᐃࡢ⎔ቃୗ࡛ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㐺ᗘ࡟እྥᛶࡸ༠ㄪᛶࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ᪉ࡀ࠿࠼ࡗ࡚㐺ᛂࡀⰋࡃᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ
࡜ࡶ ࠎ࡟ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦㐲⸨㸪2017㸹ᕝᮏ㸪2019㸧ࠋ≉ᐃࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸦ప࠸㸧ࡇ࡜ࡣṇ㈇ࡢ୧ഃ㠃㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࣭ࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆྠ᫬࡟ᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆពᅗⓗ࡟ኚ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ⓗ௓ධࡣ㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡢ㠃࠿ࡽࡳ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟⌧ᐇⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦㐲⸨㸪2017㸹ᕝᮏ㸪2019㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪௬࡟Big Five ࡀ௚ࡢከࡃࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᴫᛕ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪IQ ࡸ࣮࣌ࣃ࣮ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀࡿᏛຊ࡞
࡝ࡢㄆ▱⬟ຊ௨እࡢᚰ⌮ⓗᛶ㉁඲⯡࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ࡢ㠀ࠕㄆ▱⬟ຊࠖ࡟ࡣྵࡲࢀࡿࡶࡢࡔ࡜ࡋ
࡚ࡶ㸪㠀ࠕㄆ▱ࠖ⬟ຊ㸦ㄆ▱࡛ࡣ࡞࠸⬟ຊ㸧࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸦㐲⸨㸪2017㸧ࡣᨵࡵ࡚☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲ➨୍᮲࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯࡣᩍ⫱ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕே᱁ࡢ᏶
ᡂࢆ┠ᣦࡋ࡚ࠖࡣ࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ಶᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿಶேࡢᛶ᱁㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸧ࢆኚ࠼ࡼ࠺࡜
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㐨ᚨⓗ࡞ၥ㢟ࡶᏎ㸦ࡣࡽ㸧ࡳ㆟ㄽࡢ࠶ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡣࡑࡢ
ேࡽࡋࡉࢆᙧసࡿ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢேࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡢᇶ♏ࢆᢸ࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ
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ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㐨ᚨᩍ⫱ࡢᩥ⬦࡛ࡶ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ⏕άࢆ㏦ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏊ౪ࡓࡕ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠕ࠶࠼࡚ࠖ
≉ᐃࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ࠕ㐨ᚨⓗࠖ࡞ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࢆ⫱ࡶ࠺࡜ᩍ⫱ⓗ௓ධࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶ㸪୍ே୍ேࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ㐪࠸ࢆཷᐜ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ᪉ࡀࡼ࡯࡝ࠕ㐨ᚨⓗࠖ࡞ᩍ⫱࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜ࡶ㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᕝᮏ㸪2019㸧ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Big Five ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟ኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆㅻ㸦࠺ࡓ㸧࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗ௓ධ࡟ࡣ᠜␲ⓗ࡟࡞ࡗࡓ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋBig Five ࡞࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡣ㸪ಶேࡢࠕ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ
࢖ࣥࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡓࡑࢀࡇࡑᚑ᮶ࡢ㐺ᛶฎ㐝஺஫స⏝㸦Aptitude Treatment Instruction,
ATI㸸Ꮫ⩦⪅ࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡀຠᯝⓗ࠿ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ⌧㇟㸹⛅⏣࣭ᆏᮏ㸪2015㸧ࡢ◊✲▱ぢࡸࠕಶ࡟ᛂࡌࡓࠖࠕಶᛶ࡟ᛂࡌࡓࠖᩍ⫱ࡸᣦᑟ㸪ᨭ᥼ࡢὶࢀ㸪㏆ᖺᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࠕಶู᭱㐺࡞Ꮫࡧࠖࡢ㆟ㄽࡀᙉㄪࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࡼ࠺࡞㸪ᑛ㔜ࡉࢀ࡚ࡋ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡁ㸪ಶேࡢࡑࡢே
ࡽࡋࡉࡸᣢࡕ࿡ࢆ⾲ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚ᤊ࠼࡚࠾࠸ࡓ᪉ࡀࡼ࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
୍᪉࡛㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡣ⏕ᾭࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᏳᐃࡋ୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶ
ࡢࡢ㸪ከ࠿ࢀᑡ࡞࠿ࢀኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢᏳᐃᛶ࡜ኚ໬࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⇕࠸㆟ㄽ࡜ᐇドⓗ◊✲ࡶ⥆࠸࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Bleidorn, Schwaba, Zheng, Hopwood, Sosa,
Roberts, & Briley, 2022; ᕝᮏ࣭ᑠሷ࣭㜿㒊࣭ᆤ⏣࣭ᖹᓥ࣭ఀ⸨࣭㇂㸪2015; Roberts & DelVecchio,
2000; Roberts, Walton, & Viechtbauer, 2006㸧ࠋ㏆ᖺࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⦪᩿◊✲ࡢ࣓ࢱศᯒ㸦ᩘከࡃࡢ◊✲▱ぢࢆ⤫ィⓗ࡟⤫ྜࡋ࡚せ⣙ࡍࡿ◊✲㸧࡛ࡣ㸪Big Five ࡞࡝ࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㟷ᖺᮇ࠿ࡽⱝᖺᡂேᮇ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚Ᏻᐃࡍࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᡂே࡛ࡣ࠿࡞ࡾᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡣຍ㱋࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࡼࡾᡂ⇍ࡋࡓ᪉ྥ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿഴྥ
ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡀ㸪౫↛࡜ࡋ࡚Ḣ⡿ᅪࡢ◊✲ࡀᅽಽⓗ࡟ከ࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪␗࡞ࡿᛶูࡸ
ฟ㌟ᅜ㸪Ẹ᪘࡟ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Bleidorn et al., 2022㸧ࠋ≉࡟ඣ❺ᮇ࣭㟷ᖺᮇ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡢᏳᐃᛶࡣపࡃ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ㐩ࡢಶேᕪࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜
ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᕝᮏ㸪2019㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡢ◊✲⫼ᬒࡼࡾ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᛶ᱁≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐཬࡧᩍဨࡢ Big
Five ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪୺࡞᳨ウᑐ㇟࡜ࡣࡏࡎ㸪ಶேࡢࠕ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ♧ࡍኚᩘ࡜ࡋ
࡚᝿ᐃࡋ㸪ศᯒࡢ㝿࡟ࡣㄪᩚኚᩘ㸦࠶ࡿኚᩘ࡜௚ࡢኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿኚᩘ㸧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤫ไኚᩘ㸦ศᯒࡢ㝿࡟ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃኚᩘ㸧࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪Big Five ࡀᗘࠎ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୍✀࡜ࡋ࡚௬ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ຺᱌ࡋ㸪Big Five ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ❶࣭⠇ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋBig Five ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡟ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣᕝᮏ㸦2017, 2021㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣከᩘࡢᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗኚᩘࢆᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᅇ⟅⪅ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪Big
Five ࡢ 5 ᅉᏊࢆྛ 2 㡯┠ィ 10 㡯┠࡜࠸࠺ᑡᩘ㡯┠࡛ᐃࡍࡿ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ Ten Item

Personality Inventory㸦TIPI-J㸸ᑠሷ࣭㜿㒊࣭࢝ࢺ࣮ࣟࢽ㸪2012㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋTIPI-J ࡣ
Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann㸦2003㸧ࡀసᡂࡋࡓ TIPI ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡛⏝࠸ࡓᚰ⌮ᑻᗘᩍဨㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛◊✲ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡛⏝࠸ࡓㄪᰝ㡯┠࣭ ᐃᣦᶆࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㑅ᐃ㸦ཪࡣ⊂⮬࡟సᡂ㸧ࡋࡓᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ㸦⾲㸰㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋලయ
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ⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓձᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸪ղᏛ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘ㸪ճඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪մᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ㸪յᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸪նࣃ࣮ࢯࢼ
ࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦Big Five㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚グ㏙ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿᣦᶆࡢ࡯࠿㸪ᩍᖌࡢᩍဨṔ㸪ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸪໅ົ᫬㛫㸪ᤵᴗ᫬ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸦ᣦᑟࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ㸧➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠ᫬࡟ ᐃࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣヲࡋࡃྲྀࡾୖࡆ࡞࠸ࠋ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪ྛᣦᶆࢆศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓ➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅ࡢྛ❶ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㸧㸦㸯㸧ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࣭ᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ
ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ࡸ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡ࡚
࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡣ㸪ᩍᖌഃࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ពᅗࡸ⪃࠼ࢆᣢࡗ࡚ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜㛵ࢃࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉
㔪㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ⛬ᗘࢆᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ᐃᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࢔㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪ᩍᤵᏛ⩦◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆ୺య࡜ࡍࡿᏛࡧࡢ㔜せᛶࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᖌࡢጼໃࡀ㸪⮬ࡽᏛࡧ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳ⥆ࡅࡿ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ⫱ࡴാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Reeve, Jang, Carrell, Jeon, & Barch,2004㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪෇⁥࡞ᤵᴗ㐍⾜ࡸᏛ⣭㐠Ⴀࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᩍᖌ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆྲྀࡽࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ሙ㠃ࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡞࡝㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆ୺య࡜ࡋ
ࡓാࡁ࠿ࡅࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᤵᴗ୰ࡢᩍᖌࡢᣦ
ᑟ᪉ἲ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚ࡶᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡀㄆ㆑ࡍࡿᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࡣࡑ࠺ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺▱ぢ㸦e.g. Harfitt, 2012㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᩍᖌ
ࡢᩍᐊࡢ୰࡛ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢᣦᑟࡢ࠶ࡾ᪉࡟ᕪ␗ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g. Galton &Pell, 2012㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠࡀᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟ᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜
ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡢ⛬ᗘࡸ⠊ᅖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ࡞⤖ㄽࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ
࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᣦᑟ࡟࠾࠸
࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࠿㸧࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢࠕᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࠖ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪≉࡟㸪ᤵᴗሙ㠃࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸᏛ⣭ࡢၥ㢟࡬ࡢᑐฎ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢕᥱࡍࡿ┠ⓗ࡛㸪┦ᕝ࣭㧗ᮏ࣭ᮡ᳃࣭ྂᒇ㸦2012㸧ࡢࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡ⬟ຊᑻᗘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⬟ຊᑻᗘࠖࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ཬࡧ᥈⣴ⓗᅉᏊศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪2 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋᑻᗘ᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝᚓࡽࢀࡓ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺యࠖࠕᩍᖌ୺ᑟࠖ࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࿨ྡࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜
ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪
ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺యࠖࡣࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ࢔࢖ࢹ࢕࢔ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿࠖ
ࠕࢡࣛࢫࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭱ⰋࡢゎỴ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ぢࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࠖ
ࠕࢡࣛࢫࡢ᪉㔪ࢆඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྛࠎ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᙺ๭ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠㸪ࠕᩍᖌ୺ᑟࠖࡣࠕࢡ
ࣛࢫࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ゎỴࢆ௵ࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᩍᖌࡀ୺ᑟࡋ࡚ᑐฎࡍࡿࠖࠕࢡ
60- 60 -

ࣛࢫࡢ┠ᶆࢆᩍᖌࡀࢡࣛࢫࡢ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚❧࡚ࡿࠖࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢែᗘࡀᝏ࠸࡜ࡁࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽ┤᥋ⓗ࡟ὀពࡍࡿࠖࡢ 3 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡣ㸪ࠕ⌧ᅾ㸪ᢸ௵ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢡࣛࢫࡢඣ
❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟᥋ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪ḟࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪㔜どࡋࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ᭱ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ᩘᏐ୍
ࡘ࡟㸪‫࠺࠸࡜ࠖࠋ࠸ࡉࡔࡃ࡚ࡅࡘࢆۑ‬ᩍ♧ࡢୗ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㸦ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪2㸦࠾࠾ࡼࡑ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸㸧
㸪3㸦࠶ࡲࡾ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪4㸦ࡍࡇࡋ㔜どࡍࡿ㸧㸪5㸦ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶㔜どࡍࡿ㸧
㸪6㸦࡜࡚ࡶ㔜どࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ࢖㸬Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⊂⮬సᡂࡋࡓ㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡀㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍ
ᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠖ࡜ࠕ㞟ᅋ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠖࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࢆ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㔜どࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋಖ⫱⪅ࡢᏊ౪࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩄឤᛶ㸦sensitivity㸧ࡀᏊ౪࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲㸦e.g., Ahnert, Pinquart, & Lamb, 2006㸹㔝⃝࣭ᾷᕝ࣭㧗ᶫ࣭㐲⸨࣭⛅⏣㸪
2017㸧࡛ࡣ㸪᪋タࡢ㞟ᅋつᶍ㸦Ꮚ౪ࡢேᩘ㸧ࡸಖ⫱⪅ᑐᏊ౪ࡢேᩘẚ⋡࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ಖ⫱⪅ࡢᩄឤᛶࡢຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋAhnert et al.㸦2006㸧ࡣ㸪᪋タ࡟࠾ࡅࡿಖ⫱⪅࡜Ꮚ౪ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㉁࡟㛵ࡍࡿ」ᩘࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ࣓ࢱศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪ಖ⫱⪅ࡢ㞟ᅋ඲యࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩄឤᛶ㸦㞟ᅋⓗᩄឤᛶ㸸group-level sensitivity㸧ࡀᏊ౪ࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥ
ࢺࡢᏳᐃᛶ࡜᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࢆࡶࡕ㸪ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㞟ᅋつᶍࡸಖ⫱⪅ᑐᏊ౪ࡢேᩘẚ⋡࡟ࡼࡽࡎ
୍㈏ࡋ࡚ぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮚ౪࡜ࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩄឤᛶ㸦஧⪅㛵ಀⓗᩄឤᛶ㸸dyadic-level sensitivity㸧ࡣ㸪㞟ᅋࡢつᶍ㸦Ꮚ౪ࡢᩘ㸧ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸᪋タࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺࡢ㉁࡜᭷ព࡟㛵㐃ࡋ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸᪋タࡢሙྜ㸪ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᙅࡲࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࠋࡇࡢ࣓ࢱศᯒࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ᪋タࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ◊✲࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᏊ౪࡬ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ
୰࡛Ⓨ᥹ࡉࢀࡿᩄឤᛶࡸ㸪㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡢຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡍⅬ࡛♧၀ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍຠᯝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡾㄪᩚࡉࢀࡿ㸦஺஫స⏝ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ⠏ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ὀຊࡍࡿຠᯝࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡃ㸪㞟ᅋ඲యࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆⰋዲ
࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀຊࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᩍᖌ࡬ࡢᏳᚰឤࡸᏳ඲ឤࢆࡶࡕࡸࡍࡃ࡞
ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ▱ぢࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪⊂⮬సᡂࡋࡓ㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡀ
ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠖ࡜ࠕ㞟ᅋ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄪᰝ
᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪㔜どࡍࡿ࠿ᑜࡡࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どࠖࡣ㸪
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜㸯ᑐ㸯࡛㛵ࢃࡿ᫬㛫ࢆከࡃᣢࡘࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕᏛ⣭࡛ఱ࠿ၥ
㢟ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜㸯ᑐ㸯࡛ヰࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㸯ᑐ㸯ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㸯ᑐ㸯ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どࠖࡣ㸪ࠕᏛ⣭ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀ୺య࡜࡞ࡗ࡚⾜࠺άືࢆከࡃ⾜ࢃࡏ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕᏛ⣭࡛ఱ࠿ၥ㢟ࡀ㉳ࡁࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈ࡛⪃࠼ࡉࡏࡓࡾヰࡋྜࢃࡏࡓ
ࡾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡣ㸪ࠕ⌧ᅾ㸪ᢸ௵ࢆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࢡࣛࢫࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟᥋ࡍࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪ḟࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ࡝ࡢ⛬61- 61 -ᗘ㸪㔜どࡋࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ᭱ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿ࡜ᛮ࠺ᩘᏐ୍ࡘ࡟㸪‫࠺࠸࡜ࠖࠋ࠸ࡉࡔࡃ࡚ࡅࡘࢆۑ‬ᩍ♧ࡢୗ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㸦ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪2㸦࠾࠾ࡼࡑ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪3㸦࠶ࡲࡾ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪4㸦ࡍࡇࡋ㔜どࡍࡿ㸧㸪5㸦ࡲ࠶ࡲ࠶㔜どࡍࡿ㸧㸪6㸦࡜࡚ࡶ㔜どࡍࡿ㸧ࡢ 6௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪࠶ࢃࡏ࡚㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜㛵ࢃࡿ㝿ࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ
୍ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࢆ┦ᑐⓗ࡟㔜どࡍࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᑜࡡࡓࠋ
࢘㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ
ᩍᖌࡀᤵᴗ୰࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୍ே୍ேࡢᵝᏊࢆࡼࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢẼᣢࡕ࡟ᐤࡾῧࡗࡓാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ
⛬ᗘࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞Ᏻᚰឤࢆᣢࡕ࡞ࡀࡽᩍᐊ࡛㐣ࡈࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㔜せ࡞せᅉ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦࡬ࡢືᶵ࡙ࡅࡸᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢẼᣢࡕ࡟ᐤࡾῧ࠸㸪ᚲせ࡟ᛂࡌඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢឤ᝟ࢆㄪᩚࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㛵ࢃࡿ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡜㸪Ꮫᴗ㠃࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸦ᤵᴗ୰ࡢ୍ே୍ே
ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᵝᏊࢆẼ࡟࠿ࡅ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡢ㐩ᡂ≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ୧᪉ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., Patrick, Kaplan, & Ryan, 2011㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡶ㸪Ꮫᴗ㠃࡛ࡶ㸪୍ே୍ேࡢᵝᏊࢆ༑ศ࡟Ẽ࡟࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㸪ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྲྀࡾୖࡆࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Patrick et al.㸦2011㸧࡟ࡼࡿࠕឤ᝟ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖ࡜ࠕᏛᴗⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖࡢ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪᪥ᮏࡢᩍᖌ࡟ᅇ⟅ྍ⬟࡞ᙧ࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㡯┠ࡢసᡂࢆ⾜࠸㸪ㄪᰝ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕឤ᝟ⓗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢẼᣢࡕࢆᑛ㔜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡋࡓୖ࡛᥋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᝒࡋࢇࡔࡾᛣࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࡸࢃࡽࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᚲせ࡞࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㢗ࡾ࡟࡞ࡿᏑᅾ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕᏛᴗⓗࢧ࣏࣮
ࢺࠖࡣ㸪ࠕᤵᴗ୰࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀఱࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕᤵᴗ࡛ࡢࡑࢀࡒ
ࢀࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀ᭱኱㝈ࡢຊࢆⓎ᥹࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟
ᤵᴗෆᐜࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀຮᙉ࡟ᡴࡕ㎸ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 4 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡣ㸪ࠕḟࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ඛ⏕ࡈ⮬㌟࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪ᬑẁࡢ⏕άࡢ୰࡛㸪࡝ࡢࡃࡽ࠸㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡲࡍ࠿ࠋ㡰␒࡟ㄞࢇ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ୍␒࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿᩘᏐ࡟۵ࢆࡘࡅ࡚ࡃࡔࡉ࠸ࠋࠖ
࡜࠸࠺ᩍ♧ࡢୗ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㸦࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧
㸪2㸦࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜
࠸࠺࡜㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸧㸪3㸦࡝ࡕࡽ࠿࡜࠸࠺࡜㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧㸪4㸦ࡼࡃ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ㸦㸰㸧ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ
࢔㸬♫఍࣭⾜ື㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ㸦classroom climate㸧࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗ࣭ಶูⓗᛶ㉁ࢆព࿡ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࢆಶேࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᢅ࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢಶᛶࢆグ㏙ࡍࡿሙྜ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᴗࡸⓎ62- 62 -

㐩࡞࡝ࡢከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., ఀ⸨࣭ᯇ஭㸪2001㸹ఀ⸨࣭Ᏹబ⨾, 2017㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࠸ࡌࡵࡸ୙Ⓩᰯ࡞࡝Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆண㜵ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘ
࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᏛᰯࡸᏛ⣭࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⫯ᐃⓗ࡞㢼ᅵࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤ┦ᑐⓗ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍᖌࡢ┠ࡀᒆࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼Ⰻዲ࡞Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᑠࡉࡉࡀⰋዲ࡞Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵࡢᙧᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⰻ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭඲యࡢ㢼ᅵࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿ
ࡓࡵ㸪ඖࡣᏊ౪ྥࡅ࡟㛤Ⓨࡉࢀࡓ㸪ఀ⸨㸦2009㸧ࡢᑠᏛ⏕⏝▷⦰∧Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ㸪ᩍᖌྥࡅ࡟୍㒊ᨵኚࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓ(ὀ 2)ࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ࠕᏛ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚ࠖࠕᏛ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴ࠖ
ࠕ⮬↛࡞⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࠖࠕᏛ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶࠖࠕᏛ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤࠖࠕつᚊṇࡋࡉࠖࡢභࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ࢖㸬ឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵఀ⸨㸦2009㸧࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ㉁ၥ⣬ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ♫఍࣭⾜ື㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ㸦e.g.,ఀ⸨࣭Ᏹబ⨾, 2017㸧ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㏆ᖺࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢ㢼ᅵࡢᏑᅾ࡜㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ㐣⛬࡛ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡀ⤒㦂ࡍࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࡀᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ᤵᴗෆ࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿᑐヰࡢ῝ࡲࡾ࡟⧅㸦ࡘ࡞㸧ࡀࡿࡇ࡜㸦e.g. Zembylas, 2004㸧㸪ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫᴗ㐩ᡂࢆಁ㐍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸦e.g. Pekrun, Goetz, Titz, & Perry, 2002㸧࡞࡝ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭඲యࡢඣ❺ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟⾲ฟࡢከࡉࡀ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ
᝟⾲ฟࡢ⦆⾪ᮦ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟⾲ฟࡢከࡉ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⣭㐺ᛂឤࡢపୗࡢ⛬ᗘࢆୗࡆࡿຠᯝ࡞࡝ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g. ฼᰿ᕝ㸪2016㸧ࠋ๓㏙ࡢᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡢឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ⛬ᗘ࡜ྜࢃࡏ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐഃࡢឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢ㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᏛᰯ࡛ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡸ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗഃ㠃ࢆಁ㐍㸭㜼ᐖࡍࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᅜෆࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓឤ᝟ㄒཬࡧᩍ♧ᩥ㸦ᆏୖ㸪1999㸹฼᰿ᕝ㸪2016㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢឤ᝟㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ࠕ႐ࡧࠖࠕ⯆࿡ࠖࠕᛣࡾࠖࠕᝒࡋࡳࠖ
ࠕᜍࢀࠖࡢ஬ࡘࡢಶูឤ᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭඲యࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢឤ᝟⾲ฟࡢ⛬ᗘࢆᩍᖌ࡟ᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫᴗሙ㠃࡛⤒㦂ࡉࢀࡿឤ᝟ࡢ୍ࡘ㸦e.g.
Pekrun, Muis, Frenzel, & Goetz, 2017㸧࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠕ㄂ࡾࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠࡜
ࡋ࡚㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ಶูឤ᝟ࡈ࡜࡟᳨ウࡉࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࠕ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࠖ㸦ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕ႐ࡧࠖ
ࠕ⯆࿡ࠖࠕ㄂ࡾࠖࡢ୕ࡘ㸧࡜ࠕࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࠖ
㸦ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕᛣࡾࠖ
ࠕᝒࡋࡳࠖࠕᜍࢀࠖࡢ୕ࡘ㸧ࡢ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓⅬ໬࣭ศ
ᯒࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸱㸧ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ
࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸦well-being㸧࡜ࡣ㸪ࠕⰋዲ࡞≧ែࠖࢆព࿡ࡍࡿゝⴥ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪೺ᗣࡸᖾ⚟㸦ᖾࡏ㸧࡜ᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡋ㸪᫬࡟೺ᗣࡸᖾ⚟ࡑࡢࡶࡢࢆ⾲ࡍᴫᛕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋୡ⏺ಖ೺ᶵ㛵㸦World
Health Organization, WHO㸧ࡢ WHO ᠇❶๓ᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪“Health is a state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity㸦೺ᗣ࡜ࡣ㸪⑓Ẽ࡛࡞࠸࡜࠿㸪ᙅࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⫗యⓗ࡟ࡶ㸪⢭⚄ⓗ࡟ࡶ㸪63- 63 -

ࡑࡋ࡚♫఍ⓗ࡟ࡶ㸪ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀ‶ࡓࡉࢀࡓ≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ࠸࠸ࡲࡍ㸧” 㸦᪥ᮏ WHO ༠఍ヂ㸧࡜㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪೺ᗣࡀ㌟యⓗ࣭⢭⚄ⓗ࣭♫఍ⓗ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ᏶඲࡞≧ែ࡜ࡋ࡚ᐃ⩏ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢᐃ⩏ࡸᤊ࠼᪉ࢆࡵࡄࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᩥ໬ᕪࡶྵࡵ࡚ࡇ
ࢀࡲ࡛┒ࢇ࡟㆟ㄽࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋඛ࡟⤂௓ࡋࡓ㸪ே⏕ࡢព࿡ࡸ┠ⓗࢆ᥈✲ࡋ㸪ே㛫ⓗᡂ㛗ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞࣮ࣘࢲ࢖ࣔࢽ࢔ⓗ࡞ᖾ⚟㸦ᚰ⌮ⓗ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸪psychological wellbeing: Ryff, 1989㸧ࡢ࡯࠿࡟ࡶ㸪႐ࡧࡸ‶㊊࡞࡝ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࢆồࡵࡿ࣊ࢻࢽ࢔
㸦hedonia㸸ᛌᴦ୺⩏㸧ⓗ࡞ᖾ⚟㸦୺ほⓗ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸪subjective well-being: Diener,
1984㸧ࡸ㸪᪥ᮏே࡟≉ᚩⓗ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ே୪ࡳ࡛ࠕ࡯࡝࡯࡝ࠖࢆⰋࡋ࡜ࡍࡿ✜ࡸ࠿࡛༠ㄪⓗ࡞ᖾ⚟㸦༠ㄪⓗᖾ⚟㸪interdependent happiness㸸Hitokoto & Uchida, 2015; ෆ⏣㸪2020㸧࡞࡝㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᴫᛕࡀᥦၐࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᵝࠎ࡞࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢᴫᛕࡸᩥ໬
ᕪ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽ࡣᇼẟ㸦2019㸧ࡸෆ⏣㸦2020㸧ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㏆ᖺ࡛ࡣ㸪ୡ㛫୍⯡࡛ࡶᵝࠎ࡞Ꮫ⾡ศ㔝࡛ࡶ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣࡲࡍࡲࡍ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆಖ㞀ࡋಁ㐍ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋOECD ࣮ࣛࢽࣥࢢ࣭ࢥࣥࣃࢫ㸦Ꮫࡧࡢ⨶㔪┙㸧2030㸦OECD
Learning Compass 2030㸧࡛ࡣ㸪2030 ᖺࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸦Well-being 2030㸧࡟ྥࡅ࡚㸪ಶேࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⤒῭ⓗ࣭≀㉁ⓗ㇏࠿ࡉࢆ㉸࠼㸪ே㛫௨እࡢ⏕≀ࡸᆅ⌫⎔ቃࡶྵࡵࡓ♫఍ࡸ㞟ᅋࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸦societal well-being ࡸ collective wellbeing㸧ࡶ㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦OECD, 2019; ⓑ஭㸪2020㸧㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡜࠸࠺ᴫᛕࡶࡉ
ࡽ࡟ᣑᙇࡉࢀ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆ㔜どࡍࡿవࡾ࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡢᴗົ㔞ࡀ㐣㔜࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡀ⶜㸦࡞࠸ࡀࡋ㸧ࢁ࡟ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞≧ἣࡣᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࡶࡢ࡜
ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺㸦e.g., Cefai & Cavioni, 2014㸧ࠋᏛᰯ⌧ሙ࡛ࡣᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥ
ࢢࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡢឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥ
ࢢ࡜ඹᏑࡍࡿࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᩍᖌࡀ⮬㌟ࡣຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬ㸦sense of effectiveness㸧ࢆᢪࡁ࡞ࡀࡽᩍ⫱ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵࡢᚲせ᮲௳࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㉁ࡢ㧗࠸ᩍ⫱ࡸඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦㸪Ꮫᴗ㐩ᡂ࡜ࡶᐦ᥋࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Cefai & Cavioni, 2014; Day & Qing,2009㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤḢᕞᩍ⫱ປാ⤌ྜ㸦European Trade Union Committee for Education, ETUCE㸧ࡢㄪᰝሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᴗົ㔞㸪ᙺ๭㐣㔜㸪ᩍᖌ୍ேᙜࡓࡾࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢቑຍ㸪チᐜ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸
ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⾜ື㸪ᝏ㉁࡞Ꮫᰯ⤒Ⴀ㸦⤒Ⴀ㝕ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢḞዴ㸧ࡀ࣮ࣚࣟࢵࣃࡢᩍᖌࡢࢫࢺࣞࢫせᅉࡢࢺࢵࣉࣇ࢓࢖ࣈ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Billehøj, 2007㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭⤒ႠࡸᩍົୖࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ
࡯࡝㸪ᢸ௵ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ᥇Ⅼࡸᡂ⦼ホ౯㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ஦ົฎ⌮ࡸሗ࿌᭩ࡢసᡂ㸪ᤵᴗࡢィ⏬࣭‽ഛ࡞࡝ࡢ㈇ᢸࡀቑࡋ㸪ᤵᴗࡸᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ㸪⫋ົ‶㊊ឤ࡟ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕
ࣈ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Blatchford & Russell, 2020㸧ࠋྠࡌࡃ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢኌࡢ⑕≧㸦voice symptoms㸧࡜࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ
㛵㐃ࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡀ㧗࠸ᩍᖌࡣ㸪ኌࡢ⑕≧ࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿ㸦Sharp & Cook, 2022㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪29 ே௨ୖࡢつᶍࡢᏛ⣭࡛ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ
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ᩍᖌࡣ㸪28 ே௨ୗࡢつᶍࡢᏛ⣭࡛ᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿᩍᖌ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ኌࡢ⑕≧ࢆࡼࡾᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜
ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᅜࡸᩥ໬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍᤵࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡸᏛᰯᩍ⫱⎔ቃࡶ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢኌࡢၥ㢟࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௚ᅜࡢㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ▱ぢࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᩍᖌࡢኌࡀᤵᴗ࡛ࡼࡃ⪺ࡇ࠼࡞࠸࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ୖࡢၥ㢟࡜ࡶ࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ኌࡢၥ㢟ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐ࣭ᩍᖌࡢ཮᪉࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㔜せ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺㸦Sharp & Cook, 2022㸧ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ୚࠼ࡿࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪≉࡟᪂⡿ࡢᩍᖌ࡛኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶᐇ㦂ࡸ㉁ⓗ◊✲ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Huang,
Richter, Kleickmann, & Richter, 2022; Uusiautti, Harjula, Pennanen, & Määttä, 2014㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㸪Ḣ⡿ᅪ௨እ࡛ࡶ᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ୰
ᅜࡢᆅ᪉ࡢᩍᖌࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ᩍᖌࡢ୺ほⓗ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Tang, 2018㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᩍᖌࡢ
࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែ㸪≉࡟࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢⰋዲࡉ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ᢸᙜࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ∧ WHO-5 ⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ≧ែ⚊㸦᪥ᮏㄒ∧WHO-5㸸Awata, Bech, Koizumi, Seki, Kuriyama, Hozawa, Ohmori, Nakaya, Matsuoka,& Tsuji, 2007; Awata, Bech, Yoshida, Hirai, Suzuki, Yamashita, Ohara, Hinokio,
Matsuoka, & Oka, 2007; World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, 1998㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡢཎ∧ࡣ WHO ࡀ㛤Ⓨࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ୡ⏺ྛᅜ࡛⩻ヂ∧ࡀసᡂࡉࢀ◊✲ࡀ┒ࢇ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦http://www.who-5.org/㸧ࠋ㸦㸲㸧ᩍᖌࡢᛶ᱁≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ ᩍᖌࡢᛶ᱁≉ᛶࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛グ㏙ࡋࡓᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࡸᏛ⣭⤒Ⴀ㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ㔞ࡸ㉁㸪⮬㌟ࡀᢸᙜࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᤊ࠼᪉ࡸ㸪ᩍᖌ
⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ኚᩘ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ᛶ᱁≉ᛶ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸧࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡢ 5 ᅉᏊ㸦Big Five㸸እྥᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸧ࢆᐃࡍࡿ TIPI-J ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᣦᶆ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᐃࡉࢀࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪๓㏙ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪉㔪࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ಶேࡢࠕ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥࠖࢆ♧ࡍኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚᝿ᐃࡋ㸪ศᯒࡢ㝿࡟ࡣㄪᩚኚᩘ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
㸱㸬㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢ᪉ἲ
㸦㸯㸧ㄪᰝᑐ㇟
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ༠ຊ⮬἞య࡛࠶ࡿ X ┴ A ᕷཬࡧ Y ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㏣ຍㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᕷෆࡢ඲බ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯィ 22 ᰯ㸦ᑠᏛᰯ 14 ᰯ㸪⣙ 120 Ꮫ⣭㸹୰Ꮫ
ᰯ 8 ᰯ㸪⣙ 70 Ꮫ⣭㸧࡟༠ຊࢆ౫㢗ࡋ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ⣙ 15,000ே㸦ᑠᏛᰯ⣙ 8,200 ே㸹୰Ꮫᰯ⣙ 2,300 ே㸧࡜㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ⣙ 400 ேࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㏣ຍㄪᰝ
ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏሗ࿌᭩࡛ࡣᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࠥ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ
65- 65 -

Y ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┴ෆࡢ 5 ᕷ㸦B ᕷ㸪C ᕷ㸪D ᕷ㸪E ᕷ㸪F ᕷ㸧ࡢィ 46 ᰯ㸦ᑠᏛᰯ 31
ᰯ㸪⣙ 280 Ꮫ⣭㸹୰Ꮫᰯ 15 ᰯ㸪⣙ 150 Ꮫ⣭㸧࡟༠ຊࢆ౫㢗ࡋ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 2ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ⣙ 15,000 ே㸦ᑠᏛᰯ⣙ 1,000 ே㸹୰Ꮫᰯ⣙ 5,000 ே㸧࡜㸪ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸯ᕷ㸦F
ᕷ㸧ࡢィ 18 ᰯ㸦ᑠᏛᰯ 12 ᰯ㸹୰Ꮫᰯ 6 ᰯ㸧ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ⣙ 250 ேࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㏣ຍㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ㸦㸰㸧ㄪᰝ᫬ᮇ
㏣ຍㄪᰝࡣ 2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷཬࡧ Y ┴5 ᕷࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟༠ຊࢆ౫㢗ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸧ཬࡧᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆཷࡅᣢࡘᩍဨࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ㸦ᩍဨㄪᰝ㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
㏣ຍㄪᰝࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀᖺ 1 ᅇ㸪᭱኱࡛ 3 ᅇᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣྛㄪᰝᖺᗘࡢ 11ࠥ12 ᭶࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆ㸪10ࠥ12 ᭶࡟ᩍဨㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛᖺᗘࡢ 3 ᭶࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆ㸪10ࠥ11 ᭶࡟ᩍဨㄪᰝ㸦F ᕷࡢࡳ㸧ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢᴫせࡣ㸪⾲㸱࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕ࡢὶ⾜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ணᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 4 ᅇ┠㸦2020㸦௧࿴ 2㸧ᖺᗘ㸧ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝཬࡧᩍဨㄪ
ᰝ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ 3 ᅇ┠ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸦2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘ㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ୰Ṇ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸱 ㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢᴫせ

X
┴
A
ᕷ

ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝ
㏣ຍ
ㄪᰝ

㏣ຍ
ㄪᰝ

2018

2019

2020

(ᖹᡂ 28)(ᖹᡂ 29)(ᖹᡂ 30)(௧࿴ඖ)(௧࿴ 2)

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

12 ᭶

12 ᭶

12 ᭶

12 ᭶

12 ᭶

10ࠥ12 ᭶10ࠥ12 ᭶10ࠥ12 ᭶

4᭶

4᭶

4᭶

10ࠥ

10ࠥ

10ࠥ

11 ᭶

11 ᭶

11 ᭶

3᭶

3᭶

ㄪᰝ
ᩍဨㄪᰝ
ඣ❺⏕ᚐ

┴

2017

ඣ❺⏕ᚐ

┴ࡢᏛຊㄪᰝ
Y

2016

ㄪᰝ
㸦5 ᕷ㸧
ᩍဨㄪᰝ
㸦1 ᕷ㸧

4᭶

10ࠥ12 ᭶
(ͤ୰Ṇ)
6ࠥ7 ᭶

3᭶
(ͤ୰Ṇ)

⾲ὀ㸧▮༳ࡣ㸪ศᯒ᫬࡟ྠ୍᫬Ⅼࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓㄪᰝྠኈࡢᑐᛂࢆ♧ࡍࠋ
㸦㸱㸧㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢᡭ⥆ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓᏛ⣭ࡈ࡜࡟ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᩍဨㄪᰝࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ
❺⏕ᚐࢆᢸ௵ࡍࡿᩍᖌࢆᑐ㇟࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋㄪᰝ࡟ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ↓グྡ࣭⮬ᕫሗ࿌ᘧࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ㉁ၥ⣬࡬ࡢᅇ⟅࡟せࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡜ࡶ࡟ 30 ศ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
66- 66 -

ᚓࡽࢀࡓ㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྛ᫬Ⅼࡢ┴㸭ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝ➼࡜⣣㸦ࡦࡶ㸧௜ࡅࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡣ A ᕷ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡣ Y ┴㸪㏣ຍㄪᰝࡣᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪Y ┴ࡢᏛຊㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠶
ࡿ᫬Ⅼ㸦10㹼11 ᭶㸧ࡢ⩣ᖺᗘ 4 ᭶㸦2020㸦௧࿴ 2㸧ᖺᗘࡣ 6ࠥ7 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋㸧ࡢᐇ᪋⤖ᯝࢆࡑ
ࡢ᫬Ⅼ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊࡢ≧ែ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ㸦⾲㸱㸧㸪㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡢ⣣௜ࡅࢆ⾜ࡗࡓୖ࡛ศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋ
㸦㸲㸧ㄪᰝ㡯┠㉁ၥ⣬ࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠ࡢタィ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫຊ⌜ཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜ࡢ◊✲ศᢸ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ཧ⏬ࡍࡿ」ᩘࡢ◊✲⪅㛫࡛༠㆟ࡢୖ㸪ෆᐜࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඛ㏙ࡢ◊✲ࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗᵓᡂᴫᛕ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᚰ⌮ᑻᗘࡢ࡯࠿㸪ศᯒ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ᝟ሗ㸦ᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᖺ㱋㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㏻ሿࡢ᭷↓࡞࡝㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᩍဨṔ㸪໅ົ᫬㛫࡞࡝㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᅇ⟅⪅ࡢ㈇ᢸࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪୍㒊ࡢᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ཎⴭ⪅ࡢ஢ゎࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛㸪ᑻᗘࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ୍㒊ࡢ㡯┠ཪࡣ୍㒊ࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢࡳࢆᢤ⢋ࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍㒊ࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡀᐜ᫆࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㸪㡯┠ᩥࡢ୍㒊࡟⿵㊊࣭ᨵኚࢆຍ࠼࡚⏝࠸ࡓࡶࡢࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
≉࡟㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢᖜᗈ࠸ᖺ௦ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡟ඹ
㏻ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪୍㒊ࡢᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿゝⴥ࡟ᣓᘼ࡛⿵㊊ㄝ᫂㸦ࡼࡾࢃ࠿ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ゝⴥ࡞࡝㸧ࢆຍ࠼ࡿᙧ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋศᯒ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪⤖ᯝࡢグ㏙࡟࠾࠸࡚≉࡟᩿ࡾࡢ࡞࠸㝈ࡾ㸪ᑻᗘ㸦ཪࡣୗ఩ᑻᗘ㸧ࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ㡯┠⩌ࡢᚓⅬࡢྜ⟬ᖹᆒ್ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪㸦ୗ఩㸧ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ࢔㸬ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠
㏣ຍㄪᰝ㸦ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㉁ၥ
⣬࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㡯┠ࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ձᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛సᡂࡋࡓࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ
ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸ࠖࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁࠖ
ࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸ࠖࠕᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 5 㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬ᛮ࠺ࠖࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓ
Ⅼ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
ղᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮧୖ࣭Ḉ஭㸦2014㸧ࡢඣ❺⏝࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ᑻᗘࡢᅄࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ㸦ࠕ࡜࡚ࡶࡇࡲࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢே࡟ຓࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝㸧࡜ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖ
㸦ࠕࡑࡢேࡀぢᏲࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜㸪ࡴࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛ࡶࡀࢇࡤࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ㸦ྛ 3 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᩍ♧ᩥࢆᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵࡿᙧᘧ࡟ᨵኚࡋ࡚ᑜࡡࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯.
࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ67- 67 -

1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋճ⮬ᑛᚰ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᒣᮏ௚㸦1982㸧ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ Self Esteem Scale㸦ࠕࡔ࠸ࡓ࠸࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬ศ࡟‶㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸ィ 10 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ
ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿゝⴥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡣ㡯┠ᩥ࡟ᣓᘼ࡛⿵㊊ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸳㸬࡜࡚ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡢ 5 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼5 Ⅼࢆ௜
ࡋࡓࠋ
մឤ᝟▱ᛶ
 ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪᝟ືⓗ▱⬟㉁ၥ⣬㸦EI ㉁ၥ⣬㸸ࢺ࣮࣮ࣚࣇ࢕ࢪ࢝ࣝⓎ⾜㸹⟽⏣࣭㐲⸨, 2015㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖ
㸦ࠕ࠸ࡸ࡞ࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡍࡄ࡟Ẽᣢࡕࢆࡁࡾ࠿࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ
▱ࠖ㸦ࠕヰࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ཭ࡔࡕࡢẼᣢࡕࡀࡼࡃࢃ࠿ࡾࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ㸦ࠕ⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆゝⴥ࡛⾲ࡏࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧ࡢ୕ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ᑐ
㇟࡜࡞ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿゝⴥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㡯┠ᩥ࡟ᣓᘼ࡛⿵㊊ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬࠸࠸࠼ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬ࡣ
࠸ࠖࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋյྥ♫఍ᛶ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛సᡂࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐ⏝ྥ♫఍ᛶᑻᗘ㸦ࠕᝒࡋࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ཭ࡔࡕࢆ࡞ࡄࡉࡵ࡚࠶ࡆࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝㸸ィ 5 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡢ
⫼ᬒࡣᮏ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑻᗘ᳨ウࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㣤ᮧ௚㸦2022㸧
ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬࠸࠸࠼ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬ࡣ࠸ࠖࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
ն཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࢡࣛࢫෆࡢ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪኱ஂಖ࣭㟷ᰗ㸦2004㸧ࡢ୰㧗⏕⏝Ꮫᰯ⏕άᑻᗘࡢ୕ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࠖ㸦ࠕẼ㍍࡟ヰࡋ࠿ࡅࡽࢀࡿ཭ࡔ
ࡕࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸ィ 7 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏᑻᗘࡣ୰㧗⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟సᡂࡉࢀࡓ
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ụᮧ࣭኱ஂಖ㸦2012㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࡟ࡶ౑⏝ྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬ࡼࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
շ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪すᮧ௚㸦2011㸧ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵᑻᗘࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦ࠕຮᙉࡍࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡀ࠾ࡶࡋࢁ࠸࠿ࡽࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪
ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗ
ㄪᩚࠖ
㸦
ࠕᑗ᮶ࡢᡂຌ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࠿ࡽࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦ࠕ཭ࡔࡕ࡟ࣂ࢝࡟ࡉࢀࡓࡃ
࡞࠸࠿ࡽࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪ࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖ
㸦ࠕࡲࢃࡾࡢே࠿ࡽ㸪ࡸࡾ࡞ࡉ࠸࡜࠸ࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡽࠖ࡞࡝㸧ࡢᅄ
68- 68 -

ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᅇ⟅㈇ᢸࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆᵓᡂࡍࡿ
㡯┠⩌ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 3 㡯┠ࢆᢳฟࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ㡯┠ࡢ㑅ฟ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪㡯┠ࡢ௦⾲ᛶ࡜ጇᙜᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ཎⴭ⪅࡜┦ㄯࡢୖ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿ㡯┠ࢆỴᐃࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾ୗ఩ᑻᗘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖ
㸪ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙉࡉࢆ㸪ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⤫ไⓗ㸦௚ᚊⓗ㸧࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙉࡉࢆࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯. ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬࡜࡚ࡶ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ
ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋո↓Ẽຊឤ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ୗᆏ㸦2001㸧ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤᑻᗘࡢ୕ࡘࡢୗ఩

ᑻᗘࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕ⑂ປឤࠖ㸦ࠕ⚾ࡣẖ᪥ࡢ⏕ά࡛⑂ࢀࢆឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸ィ 4 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿゝⴥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㡯┠ᩥ࡟ᣓᘼ࡛⿵㊊ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࠶࡚
ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸴㸬࠿࡞ࡾ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼6 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋչᛶ᱁≉ᛶ ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᛶ᱁≉ᛶ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᑠሷ௚㸦2012㸧ࡢ᪥ᮏㄒ∧ Ten Item Personality Inventory㸦TIPI-J㸸඲ 10 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣࠕእ
ྥᛶࠖ㸦ࠕ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪άⓎ࡛㸪እྥⓗࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪ࠕ༠ㄪᛶࠖ㸦ࠕ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ே࡟Ẽࢆࡘ࠿࠺㸪ࡸࡉࡋ࠸ே㛫ࡔ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪ࠕ໅ຮᛶࠖ㸦ࠕ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ࡋࡗ࠿ࡾࡋ࡚࠸࡚㸪⮬ศ࡟ཝࡋ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪ࠕ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥࠖ
㸦ࠕ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ᚰ㓄ᛶ࡛㸪࠺ࢁࡓ࠼ࡸࡍ࠸࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝㸧㸪ࠕ㛤ᨺᛶࠖ㸦ࠕ⚾ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟ࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ࡛㸪ኚࢃࡗࡓ⪃࠼ࢆࡶࡘ࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝㸧ࡢ஬ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ㸦ྛ 2 㡯┠㸧࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⌮ゎࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿゝⴥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㡯┠ᩥ࡟ᣓᘼ࡛⿵㊊ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛ᥦ♧ࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬඲ࡃ㐪࠺࡜ᛮ࠺ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸵㸬ᙉࡃࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠖࡢ 7 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼
7 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
պࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ୖグࡢ㡯┠ࡢ௚㸪㏻ሿࡢ᭷↓㸪ᤵᴗ୰ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢኌࡢ⪺ࡇ࠼᪉㸪ᤵᴗ᫬㛫እ࡛ࡢᢸ௵ᩍ
ᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ᩍᐊෆ࡛ࡢᗙᖍ఩⨨㸪Ꮫᰯࡢㄢ㢟࡬ࡢྲྀ⤌㸪඗ᘵጜጒࡢᩘ㸪ᐙᗞࡢⶶ᭩ᩘ㸪ㄌ⏕᭶➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᑜࡡࡓࠋ㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ㸪ྛ㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ❶࣭⠇ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧࢖㸬ᩍဨㄪᰝࡢ㡯┠ձᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪 ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪┦ᕝ௚㸦2012㸧ࡢࢳ࣮࣒࣮࣡ࢡ⬟ຊᑻᗘࡢୗ఩

ᑻᗘࠕ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ⬟ຊᑻᗘࠖࢆ୍㒊ᨵኚࡋ㸪ᩍᖌྥࡅࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑻᗘ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠸㸪グ㏙⤫ィ㔞ཬࡧ᥈⣴ⓗᅉᏊศᯒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᅉᏊ
69- 69 -

ᵓ㐀ࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪᭱⤊ⓗ࡟ 2 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪సᡂࡋࡓㄪᰝ㡯┠㸦඲ 13 㡯┠㸧ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡶ࡟ᚓⅬࡢኳ஭ຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ 5 㡯┠㸪᥈⣴ⓗᅉᏊศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅉᏊ࡬ࡢᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ㔞ࡶప࠸ 1 㡯┠ࢆ㝖ࡃィ 7 㡯┠ࢆࡑࡢᚋ࡟⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺యࠖࠕᩍᖌ୺ᑟࠖ࡜ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࿨ྡࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ
࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺యࠖࡣࠕࢡࣛࢫࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᭱ⰋࡢゎỴ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ぢࡘࡅࡉࡏࡿࠖ࡞࡝ 4 㡯┠㸪ࠕᩍᖌ୺ᑟࠖࡣࠕࢡࣛࢫࡢၥ㢟࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ゎỴࢆ௵ࡏࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᩍᖌࡀ୺ᑟࡋ࡚ᑐฎࡍࡿࠖ࡞࡝ 3 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸴㸬࡜࡚ࡶ㔜どࡍࡿࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼6
Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
ղᏛ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘ Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛సᡂࡋࡓࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どࠖ㸦ࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㔜どࠖ㸦ࠕᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㸯ᑐ㸯ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋࡃ࡞
ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧ࡢ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ㔜どࡋ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸴㸬࡜࡚ࡶ㔜どࡍࡿࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼6 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ᢸ௵Ꮫ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜㛵ࢃࡿ㝿㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡜㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࢆࡼࡾ㔜どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼࡢᩍᖌࡢ⪃࠼ࢆ 1 㡯┠࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ඛ⏕࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㸯ᑐ㸯ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖ㹼ࠕ㸴㸬ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼6 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖࢆࡼࡾ㔜どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㸪ࡇࡢᚓⅬࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࠕᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖࢆࡼࡾ㔜どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
ճᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Patrick et al.㸦2011㸧ࡢ Measuresof Classroom Climate and Goal Structure㸦Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡜┠ᶆᵓ㐀ᑻᗘ㸧ࡢභࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ
ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Teacher Emotional Support㸦ᩍᖌࡢឤ᝟ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸧࡜ Teacher Academic Support㸦ᩍᖌࡢᏛᴗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸧ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪ᩍᖌྥࡅࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠ࢆసᡂࡋࡓ㸦ཎᩥ࡛ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᩍᖌ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿᙧᘧࡢᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸧ࠋࠕឤ᝟ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠕඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᝒࡋࢇࡔࡾ
ᛣࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࡸࢃࡽࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝ 4 㡯┠㸪ࠕᏛᴗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࠖࡣࠕᤵ
ᴗ࡛ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝ 4 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬࡯࡜ࢇ࡝㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬ࡼࡃ㐩ᡂ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
մᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓ♫఍࣭⾜ື㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓ♫఍࣭⾜ື㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ఀ⸨㸦2009㸧ࡢᑠᏛ⏕⏝▷⦰∧Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ㉁ၥ⣬ࢆᩍᖌྥࡅ࡟୍㒊ᨵኚࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓࠋᮏᑻᗘࡣ㸪ඖࡣᏊ౪ྥࡅࡢࡶࡢ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ࡟ࡼࡿᅇ⟅ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓᩍ♧ᩥ࣭㡯┠࡟ᨵኚࡋ࡚౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢࡇ
70- 70 -

࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ㉁ၥ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂☜࡟࡞ࡿࡼ࠺㸪୍㒊㸪㡯┠ᩥ࡟ゝⴥࡢ⿵㊊ࢆධࢀࡿᙧ࡛ᥦ
♧ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ࠕᏛ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚ࠖ㸦ࠕࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࡣ㸪ࢡࣛࢫࡢάື࡟⮬ศ࠿ࡽ㐍ࢇ࡛ཧຍࡍࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸5 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕᏛ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴ࠖ
㸦ࠕࢡࣛࢫ඲యࡀ㸪᎘࡞㞺ᅖẼ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡞
࡝㸸5 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕ⮬↛࡞⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࠖ㸦ࠕࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࡣ㸪⮬ศ㐩㸦ࡓࡕ㸧ࡢẼᣢࡕࢆẼ㍍࡟ゝ࠸ྜ࠼ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕᏛ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶࠖ
㸦ࠕࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࡣ㸪ຮᙉ⇕ᚰࡔࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕᏛ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤࠖ
㸦ࠕࢡࣛࢫࡢࡳࢇ࡞ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࡀẼ࡟ධࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕつᚊṇࡋࡉࠖ㸦ࠕࡇࡢࢡࣛࢫࡣඛ⏕ࡢᣦ♧࡟ࡍࡤࡸࡃᚑ࠺ࠖ࡞࡝㸸4 㡯┠㸧ࡢභࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࠿ࡽ
࡞ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡑ࠺ᛮࢃ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸳㸬ࡑ࠺ᛮ࠺ࠖࡢ 5 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼5 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
յᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓឤ᝟㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚

ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᅜෆࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓឤ᝟ㄒ㸦ᆏୖ㸪1999㸧ཬࡧᩍ♧ᩥ㸦฼᰿ᕝ㸪2016㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪ࠕ႐ࡧࠖ㸦ࠕᎰ㸦࠺ࢀ㸧ࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝㸸2 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕ⯆࿡ࠖ㸦ࠕ⯆࿡ࢆࡶࡗࡓࠖ࡞࡝㸸2 㡯┠㸧
㸪
ࠕᛣࡾࠖ
㸦
ࠕ࠸ࡽ࠸
ࡽࡋࡓࠖ࡞࡝㸸2 㡯┠㸧
㸪
ࠕᝒࡋࡳࠖ
㸦
ࠕᝒࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝㸸2 㡯┠㸧㸪ࠕᜍࢀࠖ㸦ࠕࡇࢃ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝㸸2 㡯┠㸧ࡢ஬ࡘࡢಶูឤ᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᢸᙜᏛ⣭඲యࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢឤ᝟⾲ฟࡢ⛬ᗘࢆᩍᖌ࡟ᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢಶูឤ᝟࡟ຍ࠼㸪Ꮫᴗሙ㠃࡛⤒㦂ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ឤ᝟ࡢ୍ࡘ㸦e.g. Pekrun et al., 2017㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠕ㄂ࡾࠖ
㸦ࠕ㄂ࡽࡋ࠸ࠖ
㸸1 㡯┠㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚㏣ຍࡋࡓࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ⾲ࡉ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸲㸬࡜࡚ࡶ⾲ࡍࠖ
ࡢ 4 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼4 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢಶูឤ᝟ࢆࠕ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࠖ
㸦
ࠕ႐ࡧࠖ
ࠕ⯆࿡ࠖ
ࠕ㄂ࡾࠖࡢ୕
ࡘ㸸ィ 5 㡯┠㸧࡜ࠕࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࠖ
㸦ࠕᛣࡾࠖ
ࠕᝒࡋࡳࠖ
ࠕᜍࢀࠖࡢ୕ࡘ㸸ィ 6 㡯┠㸧ࡢ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓⅬ໬ࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋնᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ∧ WHO-5 ⢭⚄ⓗ೺ᗣ≧ែ⚊㸦᪥ᮏㄒ∧ WHO-5㸸e.g., Awata, Bech, Koizumi et al., 2007; Awata, Bech, Yoshida etal., 2007㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢᑻᗘࡣ㸪᭱㏆ 2 㐌㛫ࡢ≧ែ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ㸦᭱㏆ 2㐌㛫㸪⚾ࡣ㸧᫂ࡿࡃ㸪ᴦࡋ࠸Ẽศ࡛㐣ࡈࡋࡓࠖ࡞࡝ィ 5 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣࠕ㸯㸬ࡲࡗࡓࡃ࡞࠸ࠖ㹼ࠕ㸴㸬࠸ࡘࡶࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛ᑜࡡࡓࠋ
㸦ཎᩥ࡛ࡣ 0㹼5 ࡢ 6 ௳ἲࡢ⾲グࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝ⚊࡛ࡣ௚㡯┠ࡢ⾲グ࡟ྜࢃࡏ㸪1㹼6 ࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛⾲グࡋࡓࠋ㸧ᚓⅬ໬࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᚓⅬ໬ࡢ᪉ἲ࡟ೌ࠸㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 0㹼5 Ⅼࢆ௜ࡋࡓࠋ
շᩍᖌࡢᛶ᱁≉ᛶ ᩍᖌࡢᛶ᱁≉ᛶ㸦ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ᑠሷ௚㸦2012㸧ࡢ TIPI-J㸦඲ 10 㡯┠㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋոࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠ୖグࡢ㡯┠ࡢ௚㸪໅ົ⤒㦂ᖺᩘ㸦㏻⟬㸪ṇつ㸪෌௵⏝㸪⮫᫬ⓗ௵⏝㸪㠀ᖖ໅ㅮᖌ㸪⾜ᨻ࡛
71- 71 -

ࡢ໅ົᖺᩘ㸧㸪Ꮫᰯᩍဨ௨እࡢࣇࣝࢱ࢖࣒⫋ᴗ⤒㦂ࡢᖺᩘ㸪ᢸᙜࡍࡿᩍ⛉㸪ᩍ⛉ᣦᑟࡢ᪉ἲ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ஺ὶ㸪⏕ά‶㊊ឤ㸪೺ᗣ≧ែ㸪⫋ሙࡢ㞺ᅖẼ㸪ᖹ᪥ࡢฟ໅㏥໅᫬㛫㸪╧╀᫬㛫㸪╧╀≧ែ㸪ᖹ᪥ཬࡧఇ᪥ࡢ໅ົᚑ஦᫬㛫ࡢෆヂ㸪ᅵ᭙ᤵᴗࡢᐇ᪋≧ἣ㸪┤㏆ࡢᖹ᪥ࡢ᣺᭰ఇ
ᴗ᪥ࡢ᭷↓㸪┤㏆ࡢᖹ᪥ࡢఇᬤྲྀᚓࡢ᭷↓➼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᑜࡡࡓࠋ
㸦ヲ⣽ࡣ㸪ྛ㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ሗ࿌ࡍࡿ❶࣭⠇ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧▼஭భྍᏊ㸦⸨ዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧ஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧ᑠᯇబ✑Ꮚ㸦᱈ᒣᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧⟽⏣⿱ྖ㸦ி㒔ዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧
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㸱⠇ 2/6 ᥎ᐃ㸯㸬ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡟࠸࠿࡞ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡀಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜㛵ࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅔ㞴࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢ✀ࠎࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡲ࡛ཬࡪྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᡃࡀᅜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⦪᩿ⓗ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ືࡸ཭ே࣭኱ே࠿ࡽࡢࢯ࣮ࢩࣕࣝࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⾜ື࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㈇ࡢຠᯝ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ≉࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࢃࡿᣦᶆ࡟ᝏᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧ࠋࡲࡓᅜእ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ᪉ࡀඣ❺ࡢᤵᴗ࡛ࡢ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦e.g., Finn, Pannozzo, & Achilles, 2003㸧㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛ⩦ពḧ࡟ࡶᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞▱ぢࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿ
ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ⬟ຊࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫᴗ㠃࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀከࡃ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᐇドⓗ᳨
ウࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏛ⣭ࡢ⌧≧ࡣ㸪ᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ぢ࡚ࡶ≉Ṧ࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣᅜෆ࡛ࡢ▱ぢࢆ⵳✚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⫢せ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪2019 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ OECDබ❧ᰯࡢᖹᆒᏛ⣭つᶍࡣᑠᏛᰯ࡛ 21 ྡ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ 23 ྡ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢᅜࡀᖹᆒ 10~20ே௦๓༙ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟࠶ࡿ㸦OECD, 2021㸧
ࠋྠሗ࿌᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡶᖹᆒ 26 ே௨ୖ࡛࠶ࡿࡢࡣ᪥ᮏ㸪ࢳࣜ㸪࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࡢ 3 ࠿ᅜࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏࡢබ❧ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭つᶍᖹᆒࡣᑠᏛᰯࡀ 27 ྡ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡣ 32 ྡ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪᪥ᮏࡣᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ࡳ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ḣ⡿ࡢ≧ἣ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏛ⣭࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋࡓ▱㆑ࡸᢏ⬟ࡢ⋓ᚓࢆ┠ᣦࡍᶵ⬟య࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡢࡳ
࡞ࡽࡎ㸪⤥㣗ࡸᤲ㝖࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡩࡔࢇࡢ⏕άࢆඹ࡟ࡍࡿඹྠయ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᙺ๭ࡶぢࡽࢀࡿ࡜ᣦ
᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Ἑᮧ, 2010㸧ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ṧ᭦㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ⬟ຊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡣ௚ᅜ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟㸪ᅜෆ࡛⊂⮬࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡟࠸࠿࡞ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪▱ぢࢆ⵳✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ⠇ࡣ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡟࠸࠿࡞ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ᥈⣴ⓗ࡟᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㸰㸬᪉ἲ㸦㸯㸧ศᯒᑐ㇟ ௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪༠ຊ⮬἞య㸦X ┴ A ᕷཬࡧ Y ┴ 5 ᕷ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘ࡟࠿ࡅ㸪ྛ⮬἞యෆࡢබ❧ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ᡤᒓ
ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺(ὀ 1)ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚
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ࡶ㏻ᖖᏛ⣭࡟ᅾ⡠ࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࡳࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㏻ᖖᏛ⣭࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࡳࢆㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ㄪᰝᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ඲࡚ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆศᯒᑐ㇟
࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ㸪2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘ㸪2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺ
ᗘࡢ 10 ᭶࠿ࡽ 12 ᭶࡟ᕷෆࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓィ 3 ᅇࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศ
ᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘࡣᑠᏛᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺ⏕ 3,867 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 1,987 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 1,809 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 121 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 122 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 14 ᰯ㸧㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1࣭
2 ᖺ⏕ 2,268 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 1,106 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 1,065 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 97 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 67 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 8ᰯ㸧㸪2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘࡣᑠᏛᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺ⏕ 3,885 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 1,996 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 1,880 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 9 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 123 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 14 ᰯ㸧㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1࣭2 ᖺ⏕ 2,142 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 1,090 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 1,025 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 27 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 67 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 8 ᰯ㸧㸪2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘࡣᑠᏛ
ᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺ⏕ 3,894 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 2,004 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 1,875 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 15 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 123 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 14 ᰯ㸧㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1࣭2 ᖺ⏕ 2,183 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 1,075 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 1,067 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 41 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 67 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 8 ᰯ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
 Y ┴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࡜ 2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘࡢᖺᗘᮎ࡟┴ෆࡢ஬ࡘࡢ
⮬἞యࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓィ 2 ᅇࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋศᯒᑐ
㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘࡣᑠᏛᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺ⏕ 9,141 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 4,535 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ4,603 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 3 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 282 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫᰯᩘ 31 ᰯ㸧㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1࣭2 ᖺ⏕ 5,010 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 2,546 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 2,464 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 151 Ꮫ⣭㸪Ꮫᰯᩘ 15 ᰯ㸧㸪2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘࡣᑠᏛ
ᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺ⏕ 9,109 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 4,618 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 4,484 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 7 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 277 Ꮫ⣭㸹Ꮫ
ᰯᩘ 31 ᰯ㸧㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1࣭2 ᖺ⏕ 4,973 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 2,520 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 2,448 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 5 ྡ㸹Ꮫ⣭ᩘ 150 Ꮫ⣭㸪Ꮫᰯᩘ 15 ᰯ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦㸰㸧ศᯒࣔࢹࣝ Ꮫᖺつᶍ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᛶู㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪Ꮫᰯࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛ⮬἞య㸪ྛ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪Ꮫᖺつᶍ㸪ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ
ୖ࡛㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ OLS ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ Big Five ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦እྥᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸧ࡢᣦᶆࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪ձᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦ࡍࡈ࠸㸪೧࠸㸪ዲࡁ㸪ᛧ࠸㸪ឤㅰ㸧㸪ղᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧㸪ճឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧㸪մྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪յ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪ն⮬ᑛᚰ㸪շ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧㸪ո↓Ẽຊឤࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸱㸬⤖ᯝ ྛ⮬἞యࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ㸪⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪Ꮫᖺつᶍ㸪ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆᢞධࡋ㸪OLS ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡣ 3 ᅇ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡣ 2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᫬Ⅼࡈ࡜࡟㸪
85- 85 -

ᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ศࡅ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋ࡚ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋᏛᖺࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡣᑠ 4㸪୰Ꮫ⏕ࡣ୰ 1 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋᏛᰯࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫ
ᰯࡢᑐ㇟ᰯࡢ࠺ࡕࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ᰯࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᰯࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ௨ୗ㸪⮬἞యࡈ࡜࡟㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♧ࡍࠋ
㸦㸯㸧X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㹼㸶࡟♧ࡍࠋ⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛶูࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋࡓࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡶྠ᫬࡟ᢞධ
ࡋࡓࡀ㸪᥎ᐃ್ࡢ⾲♧ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓࠋ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧㸪
2017 ᖺᗘཬࡧ 2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ
㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .05㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .01㸧㸪ࠕዲࡁࠖ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .01㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .05㸧㸪ࠕឤㅰࠖ㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸧 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀ
ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .01㸪2018ᖺᗘ㸸p < .05㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸧 ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸱㸧 ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸲㸧 ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟
᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .01㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .01㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸸p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸳㸧 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸴㸧 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸵㸧 ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸶㸧

86- 86 -

- 87 -

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(0.00)

0.02(0.03)

0.04

0.04(0.04)-0.16(0.04)-0.10(0.03)

0.05(0.00)

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**

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**

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*

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(0.00)
0.00

**

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**

-0.01

(0.21)

4.07

2018 ᖺᗘ

0.02

0.02

(0.04)-0.12(0.04)-0.10(0.03)

0.04(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.23)

2.88

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**

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**

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

0.03

0.03

(0.04)-0.17(0.04)-0.01(0.03)

0.08(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.01(0.21)

3.32

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**

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*

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*

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.03

0.04

(0.04)-0.19(0.04)-0.12(0.03)

0.08(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.22)

3.73

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*

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

೧࠸

0.03

0.03

(0.04)-0.15(0.04)-0.18(0.03)

0.06(0.00)

0.01(0.00)-0.01(0.24)

2.61

87

**

**

*

**

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.03

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

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0.04

**

-0.17

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†

0.00

(0.04)

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-0.01

-0.02

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**

(0.20)

3.40

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

 2017 ᖺᗘ

ࡍࡈ࠸

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0.04

0.05

(0.04)-0.27(0.04)-0.05(0.03)

0.14(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.03(0.23)

3.99

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**

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**

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ⾲㸯 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

0.06

0.06

(0.04)-0.21(0.04)-0.12(0.03)

0.18(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.23)

3.70

**

**

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*

**

†

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ዲࡁ

0.02

0.03

(0.04)-0.02(0.04)-0.04(0.03)

0.17(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.26)

3.06

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2019 ᖺᗘ

- 88 -

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(0.03)

0.03

0.04(0.04)-0.08(0.04)

0.11(0.03)-0.01(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.01(0.23)

1.59

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*

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**

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**

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

0.02

0.03

(0.04)

0.12(0.04)

0.01(0.03)-0.06(0.00)

0.01(0.00)

0.01(0.25)

0.53

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**

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†

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**

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**

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*

2019 ᖺᗘ

0.03

0.03

(0.04)-0.21(0.04)-0.07(0.03)

0.04(0.00)

0.01(0.01)-0.01(0.20)

3.32

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**

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†

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**

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**

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.03

0.04

(0.04)-0.13(0.04)-0.08(0.03)

0.04(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.21)

3.96

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**

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*

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2018 ᖺᗘ

ឤㅰ

0.02

0.02

(0.04)-0.06(0.04)-0.12(0.03)

0.01(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.23)

3.10

88

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†

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.02

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

(0.04)
0.03

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-0.01

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-0.04

(0.04)

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†

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0.00

-0.06

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**

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**

(0.01)

0.02(0.22)

1.67

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

 2017 ᖺᗘᛧ࠸⾲㸯 㸦⥆ࡁ㸧

- 89 -

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(0.00)
0.03(0.03)

0.04

0.04(0.04)-0.21(0.04)-0.15(0.03)

0.08(0.00)

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**

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**

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(0.00)
-0.01

*

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-0.01

(0.21)

0.03

0.03(0.04)-0.16(0.04)-0.19(0.03)

0.05(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.23)

2.60

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**

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**

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†

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*

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

0.06

0.07

(0.04)-0.45(0.04)-0.19(0.03)-0.04(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.02(0.21)

3.26

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**

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**

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†

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.07

0.08

(0.04)-0.46(0.04)-0.30(0.03)

0.01(0.00)-0.01(0.00)-0.01(0.22)

3.75

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**

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ

89

0.05

0.05

(0.04)-0.40(0.04)-0.32(0.03)-0.02(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.24)

2.73

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2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.03

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

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0.04

**

-0.23

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0.00

(0.04)

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**

-0.02

-0.04

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(0.21)

**

3.18

3.11
**

2018 ᖺᗘ

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦



Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ⾲㸰 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧⾲㸱 ⮬ᑛᚰࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧
⮬ᑛᚰ

ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

3.57

**

4.02

**

3.64

**

(0.17)

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0.00

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-0.01

**

-0.01

**

(0.00)

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0.00

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0.00

*

0.00

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(0.00)

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-0.09

**

-0.09

**

-0.12

**

(0.02)

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0.04

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-0.04

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-0.04

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(0.03)

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-0.01

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0.00

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-0.01

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(0.03)

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R2

0.02

0.03

0.03

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.01

0.02

0.03

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ90

- 90 -

- 91 -

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†
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**
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(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.07(0.02)

0.02

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

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**

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0.01

0.02

(0.03)

0.08(0.03)

0.01(0.02)-0.04(0.00)

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**

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(0.00)
0.00

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**

-0.01

(0.17)

3.00

2018 ᖺᗘ

0.02

0.03

(0.03)

0.09(0.03)

0.00(0.02)-0.07(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.18)

2.75

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**

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2019 ᖺᗘ

0.07

0.07

(0.03)

0.09(0.03)

0.07(0.02)

0.26(0.00)

0.01(0.00)-0.01(0.15)

2.89

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2017 ᖺᗘ

0.05

0.05

(0.03)

0.08(0.03)

0.05(0.02)

0.23(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.15)

3.19

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2018 ᖺᗘ

௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱

0.04

0.05

(0.03)

0.08(0.03)

0.00(0.02)

0.19(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.16)

2.90

91

**

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2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.02

(0.03)

0.11(0.03)

**

*

-0.01

0.10



**

(0.16)

2.93

R2Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

 2017 ᖺᗘ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ



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0.02

0.02

(0.04)

0.15(0.03)

0.15(0.03)-0.05(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.19)

2.95

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**

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2017 ᖺᗘ⾲㸲 ឤ᝟▱ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

0.02

0.03

(0.03)

0.13(0.03)

0.00(0.03)-0.08(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.19)

3.38

**

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

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⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧

0.02

0.03

(0.03)

0.08(0.03)-0.03(0.03)-0.11(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.21)

3.07

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*

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2019 ᖺᗘ

⾲㸳 ྥ♫఍ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧
ྥ♫఍ᛶ

ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

3.09

**

3.14

**

3.05

**

(0.14)

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-0.01

**

-0.01

**

-0.01

*

(0.00)

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0.00

*

0.00

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0.00

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(0.00)

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0.20

**

0.21

**

0.15

**

(0.02)

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0.06

*

0.01

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-0.04

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(0.03)

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0.06

*

-0.01

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0.04

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(0.03)

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R2

0.05

0.06

0.04

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.05

0.05

0.04

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ⾲㸴 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

3.15**(0.15)

2019 ᖺᗘ

3.74

**

3.25

**

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(0.15)

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0.02

0.02

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- 92 -

- 93 -

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0.08(0.03)

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2.19

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0.02

0.03

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0.00(0.03)

0.16(0.00)

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3.12

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0.01

0.02

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0.12(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.19)

3.67

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93

0.01

0.02

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3.35

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0.03

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0.03

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2.03
**

2018 ᖺᗘ

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

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ษ∦

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ෆⓗㄪᩚ

⾲㸵 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

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2018 ᖺᗘእⓗㄪᩚ94ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

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0.02

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2019 ᖺᗘ

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0.05(0.03)-0.11(0.00)

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2.01

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2019 ᖺᗘ

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Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

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2018 ᖺᗘ

3.29**(0.32)

2019 ᖺᗘ

2.70

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3.30

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0.02

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ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p< .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ㸦㸰㸧X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ ⥆࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸷㹼㸯㸴࡟♧ࡍࠋ⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛶูࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋࡓࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࡣ୰㸯ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡶ
ྠ᫬࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࡀ㸪᥎ᐃ್ࡢ⾲♧ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓࠋ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕࡍࡈ
࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ㸪
ࠕዲࡁࠖ㸪ࠕឤㅰࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࠋ㸦⾲㸷㸧ࡽࢀࡓ㸦p < .01㸧 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ㸦p < .05㸧㸪ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖ㸦p < .01㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫㌿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ㸪ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸮㸧 ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦⾲㸯㸯㸧
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࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦⾲㸯㸱㸧
95

- 95 - ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸲㸧㸦p < .01㸧 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢ
ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦p < .01㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸦p < .05㸧㸪
ࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸳㸧 ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸴㸧96- 96 -

- 97 -

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2018 ᖺᗘ

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2019 ᖺᗘ

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2017 ᖺᗘ

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1.94

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2018 ᖺᗘ

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0.01(0.81)

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2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

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6.92

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ษ∦

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ࡍࡈ࠸

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2017 ᖺᗘ⾲㸷 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

0.04

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0.00(0.01)-0.01(0.51)

2.57

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2018 ᖺᗘ

ዲࡁ

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2019 ᖺᗘ

- 98 -

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*2019 ᖺᗘ

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2019 ᖺᗘ

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5.28

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 2017 ᖺᗘᛧ࠸⾲㸷 㸦⥆ࡁ㸧

- 99 -

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*

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†

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

**2017 ᖺᗘ

Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ

99

0.02

0.03

(0.05)-0.01(0.04)-0.19(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.03(0.76)

0.18

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**

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**

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2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.05



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(0.04)(0.04)

†

-0.07
**

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(0.00)

-0.21



-0.06



0.00



(0.01)

(0.01)



-0.02

*

-0.02



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(0.46)

-0.06

1.82


2019 ᖺᗘ

**2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.69)

2.75**

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦



Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ

⾲㸯㸮 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧⾲㸯㸯 ⮬ᑛᚰࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧⮬ᑛᚰ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

2.38

**

4.04

**

2.48

**

(0.55)

(0.36)

(0.58)

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-0.01

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-0.01

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0.01

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(0.01)

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0.01

*

0.00



0.00



(0.00)

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-0.15

**

-0.15

**

-0.14

**

(0.03)

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-0.14

**

-0.08

*

-0.05

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(0.04)

(0.04)

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R2

0.05



0.02



0.02

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ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.04

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0.02

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0.01

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ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ100

- 100 -

- 101 -(0.03)

0.01

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2


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0.01

0.02

(0.03)

0.01(0.00)

0.00

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*

0.02

0.02

(0.03)

0.01(0.03)-0.14(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.00(0.52)

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**

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0.06

0.07

(0.03)-0.02(0.03)

0.30(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.01(0.50)

2.50

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**

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.06

0.07

(0.03)-0.11(0.03)

0.30(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.01(0.32)

2.83

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**

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**

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱

0.05

0.06

(0.03)

0.04(0.03)

0.26(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.02(0.50)

1.46

101



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**

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†

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**

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.02



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(0.03)(0.03)

**

-0.13


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(0.00)

-0.03

**

-0.11



0.00



(0.01)

(0.01)



0.01



-0.01



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(0.33)

3.01

3.25
**

2019 ᖺᗘ

**2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.51)

2.56

R2Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦
**

 2017 ᖺᗘ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ

0.00

0.01

(0.04)

0.09(0.04)-0.06(0.00)

0.01(0.01)-0.02(0.64)

2.56

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0.01

0.01

(0.04)

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*(0.04)
-0.09

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*

†

-0.07

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(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.41)

2.66**

2018 ᖺᗘ

⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧





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†

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ

⾲㸯㸰 ឤ᝟▱ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

0.00

0.01

(0.04)

0.03(0.04)-0.06(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.66)

2.21





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†

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

⾲㸯㸱 ྥ♫఍ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧ྥ♫఍ᛶ2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

1.73**(0.48)

2019 ᖺᗘ

2.81

**

1.97

**

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(0.31)

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-0.01

†

0.00



0.01

†

(0.01)

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0.01

**

0.00



0.00

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(0.00)

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0.24

**

0.24

**

0.22

**

(0.03)

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0.00

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-0.04

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0.07

*

(0.03)

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R2

0.05

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0.05

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0.04

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ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.05



0.04

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0.04

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ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ⾲㸯㸲 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2.68

**

3.38

**

1.95

**

(0.53)

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-0.01

†

-0.01

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0.02

**

(0.01)

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0.01

*

0.00

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0.00

*

(0.00)

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0.03

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0.02

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0.02

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(0.03)

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-0.01



-0.07

*

0.00



(0.03)

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R2

0.01



0.01

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0.01

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ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.00



0.00

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0.00

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ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ102

- 102 -

- 103 -*

(0.70)-0.02(0.01)

0.01

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2


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0.01

0.02

(0.05)-0.06(0.04)

0.09(0.00)

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*

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(0.01)
0.00

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0.01

(0.45)

0.00

0.01(0.04)-0.01(0.04)

0.02(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.75)

2.32

1.54

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

**2018 ᖺᗘ

0.01

0.02

(0.04)-0.05(0.04)

0.07(0.00)

0.01(0.01)-0.01(0.67)

2.02

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*



*

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**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.01

0.02

(0.04)-0.13(0.04)

0.13(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.43)

3.01

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**

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**

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ

103

0.00

0.01

(0.04)-0.04(0.04)

0.05(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.02(0.71)

2.64

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*

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**

2019 ᖺᗘ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.01



(0.05)

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

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0.00
0.00

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(0.00)

**

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0.44

0.01

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2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦



ෆⓗㄪᩚ

⾲㸯㸳 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

- 104 -

(0.00)-0.01(0.04)

0.00

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2


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0.01

0.01

(0.04)

0.07(0.04)

0.04(0.00)

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**

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(0.01)
0.01

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0.00

(0.43)

0.01

0.01(0.04)

0.05(0.04)

0.01(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.03(0.71)

0.57

1.10

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**

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2019 ᖺᗘ

*2018 ᖺᗘ

0.00

0.01

(0.04)

0.06(0.04)

0.01(0.00)-0.01(0.01)-0.01(0.67)

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0.00

0.01

(0.04)

0.09(0.04)

0.03(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.01(0.44)

2.57

3.69

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*

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**

2018 ᖺᗘ

**2017 ᖺᗘእⓗㄪᩚ104ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

0.00

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0.00

(0.04)

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-0.01

-0.02

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(0.66)

2.59**

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

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ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ

⾲㸯㸳 㸦⥆ࡁ㸧

0.00

0.01

(0.04)

0.09(0.04)

0.04(0.00)

0.01(0.01)

0.01(0.71)

1.12

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*

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†

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2019 ᖺᗘ

⾲㸯㸴 ↓Ẽຊឤࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦X ┴ A ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧↓Ẽຊឤ2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ
2.39

5.22

**

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(0.70)

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0.01

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0.02

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-0.04

**

(0.01)

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0.00

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0.00

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0.00

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(0.01)

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-0.14

*

0.01

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0.10

†

(0.06)

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-0.04

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0.15

*

0.08

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(0.07)

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R2

0.02

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0.01

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0.01

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ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.02

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0.00

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0.00

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Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

3.16(1.06)

2019 ᖺᗘ
**ษ∦**ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p< .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ㸦㸱㸧Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ ⥆࠸࡚㸪 Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸵㹼⾲㸰㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋ⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ
㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛶูࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋࡓࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮
ኚᩘࡶྠ᫬࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࡀ㸪᥎ᐃ್ࡢ⾲♧ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓࠋ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕࡍࡈ
࠸ࠖ
㸪
ࠕዲࡁࠖ㸪
ࠕឤㅰࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪2018 ᖺᗘࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫㌿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟㸦⾲㸯㸵㸧
᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢ
ᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸶㸧 ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸯㸷㸧 ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព
࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖཬࡧࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸮㸧 ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦⾲㸰㸯㸧
 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽ
105- 105 -

ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸰㸧 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸱㸧 ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸲㸧106- 106 -

- 107 -

0.06

0.06

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2(0.02)-0.20(0.02)

-0.14
**

**

0.08

0.07

0.06

0.07

(0.02)
0.05

0.05(0.03)

-0.16

-0.26

-0.12

(0.02)

0.12(0.00)

**

**

**

0.05

0.05

(0.03)-0.20(0.02)-0.12(0.02)

0.12(0.00)

0.00

0.00

0.00
(0.00)†(0.07)

2.63

**

**

**

†

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.00)(0.02)
**

**

**

*

-0.01

(0.06)(0.02)-0.17(0.02)(0.00)(0.00)(0.02)

0.00

0.00
**

(0.00)(0.00)

0.01

-0.01
**

(0.24)

2.63

3.21

೧࠸
**

2017 ᖺᗘ

**2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.06)

3.12**

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

㻌

ࡍࡈ࠸

0.07

0.07

(0.03)-0.19(0.03)-0.13(0.02)

0.24(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.03(0.07)

2.55

**

**

**

**

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

107

0.08

0.08

(0.03)-0.28(0.03)-0.23(0.02)

0.24(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.01(0.08)

2.70

**

**

**

*

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ዲࡁ⾲㸯㸵 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

㻌

0.02

0.02

(0.03)

0.04(0.03)-0.04(0.02)-0.02(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.02(0.07)

2.12
**

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.02

0.03

(0.02)

0.08(0.02)

0.02(0.02)-0.03(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.02(0.07)

1.94

**

**

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ᛧ࠸⾲㸯㸵 㸦⥆ࡁ㸧

㻌

ឤㅰ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

2017 ᖺᗘ
3.35**

2018 ᖺᗘ
3.20 **(0.06)(0.07)-0.01 **

0.00

(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.06 **

0.07 **(0.02)(0.02)-0.19 **

-0.19 **

(0.02)(0.02)-0.12 **

-0.19 **

(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.06

0.05

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.05

0.05

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ108

- 108 -

⾲㸯㸶 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್
㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧㻌Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ
㻌ษ∦2017 ᖺᗘ
1.72

2018 ᖺᗘ
**

ᛶู

**

2.67

-0.02

(0.00)(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00

0.00

(0.00)(0.00)(0.00)(0.00)

-0.01

0.01

0.03

0.00

†

0.00

*

-0.16

(0.02)**(0.02)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

2.60

0.00

-0.01

(0.02)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

**2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.06)(0.00)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ

1.76

2017 ᖺᗘ

(0.07)(0.06)
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ

-0.23

-0.12
(0.02)**-0.17(0.07)**(0.02)
**

-0.32
-0.53

0.00

(0.02)**(0.02)
**

**

-0.39

**

(0.02)**-0.54(0.02)(0.02)(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.03

0.03

0.09

0.10

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.03

0.02

0.09

0.10

**

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p< .05, † p < .10ࠋ109

- 109 -

⾲㸯㸷 ⮬ᑛᚰࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

㻌

⮬ᑛᚰ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

3.34

3.36

**

(0.05)(0.05)

-0.01

0.00

(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

-0.10

**

-0.09

**

-0.11

-0.01
(0.02)(0.02)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

**(0.02)(0.01)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.08

**

**

-0.08

(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.03

0.03

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.02

0.02

**

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ110

- 110 -

- 111 -(0.01)

0.01
0.01

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2(0.02)
0.01

0.01
0.05

0.06

(0.02)

0.05

0.05(0.02)(0.02)(0.02)(0.02)
0.08

0.02

0.03

(0.00)

0.02**(0.01)

-0.02

-0.04

**

0.25

(0.00)(0.00)(0.01)(0.00)

0.00

0.00
**

0.00

(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00

0.00

**

**

**

2.78

2.80
(0.04)

2017 ᖺᗘ
**2018 ᖺᗘ
(0.05)

**

0.05

0.06

(0.02)

0.07(0.02)

0.00(0.01)

0.27(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.05)

2.84
**

**

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱(0.05)

2.82

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

㻌

⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ
**

0.01

0.02

(0.02)

0.06 **(0.02)

0.03(0.02)-0.04 *

(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01 *

(0.05)

2.76

2017 ᖺᗘ

111



†

†

†

**

0.01

0.01

(0.02)

0.06 **(0.02)

0.02(0.02)-0.03(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.06)

2.91

2018 ᖺᗘ

⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧⾲㸰㸮 ឤ᝟▱ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ㻌⾲㸰㸯 ྥ♫఍ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

㻌

ྥ♫఍ᛶ
㻌

2017 ᖺᗘ
2.85

ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ

(0.04)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)-0.04

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

**

0.22

**

(0.01)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

2.80**(0.04)

0.23

ᛶู2018 ᖺᗘ

**(0.01)-0.02*(0.01)(0.02)

-0.02

0.01

(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.06

0.05

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.05

0.05

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ⾲㸰㸰 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧㻌཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

3.32

3.27

**

(0.04)(0.05)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.01

0.01(0.01)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.04*(0.01)*-0.03(0.02)(0.02)

-0.02

-0.01

(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.02

0.02

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.01

0.01

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧**†ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ
‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ112

- 112 -

- 113 -0.03

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

**

2.47

0.04

**

-0.27

(0.02)-0.20(0.02)
**

**

2.35
0.03

0.03

**

-0.26

0.02

0.03

3.29

-0.01

(0.02)

-0.09

-0.18
(0.02)(0.02)

0.00(0.00)(0.02)
**

0.10

0.11

0.07

(0.00)(0.00)(0.00)
**

0.00

0.00
**

(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00

0.00

(0.05)(0.07)

3.29

**

**

**

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.03

0.03

3.47

-0.06

(0.02)-0.10(0.02)

0.11(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.06)

3.47

**

**

**

**

*

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ

(0.06)

**

2.35

2.47
**

2018 ᖺᗘ

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

㻌

ෆⓗㄪᩚ

0.01

0.01

2.10

-0.07

(0.02)-0.09(0.02)

0.02(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.06)

2.10

**

**

**

†

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

113



0.01

0.02

2.16

-0.07

(0.02)-0.10(0.02)-0.01(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.06)

2.16

**

**

**

†

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

㻌

0.01

0.01

2.22

0.00

(0.02)

0.00(0.02)-0.07(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.05)

2.22

**

**

**

0.01

0.02

2.34

-0.06

(0.02)-0.10(0.02)-0.10(0.00)

0.00(0.00)-0.01(0.06)

2.34

**

**

**

**

†

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

እⓗㄪᩚ2017 ᖺᗘ

⾲㸰㸱 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧⾲㸰㸲 ↓Ẽຊឤࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭ᑠᏛᰯ㸧㻌↓Ẽຊឤ2017 ᖺᗘ

㻌

3.08

ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ

(0.11)

0.01

0.00(0.01)(0.01)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)
*

0.15

**

0.12

*

*

0.09

*

(0.04)(0.04)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

-0.07**(0.03)(0.03)
Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

3.09(0.10)-0.07

ᛶู2018 ᖺᗘ
**

**

0.08

(0.04)(0.04)

R2

0.02

0.01

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.01

0.01

*

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ
‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ㸦㸲㸧Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ ⥆࠸࡚㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸰㸳㹼⾲㸱㸰࡟♧ࡍࠋ⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛶูࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋࡓࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࡣ୰㸯ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮ኚ
ᩘࡶྠ᫬࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࡀ㸪᥎ᐃ್ࡢ⾲♧ࡣ┬␎ࡋࡓࠋ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕࡍࡈ
࠸ࠖ㸦p < .05㸧㸪ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ㸦p < .01㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࠕឤㅰࠖ㸦p < .05㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ2018 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕዲࡁࠖ
㸦p < .01㸧㸪㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸳㸧 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙ
ᡤࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸴㸧 ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸵㸧 ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖཬࡧࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸶㸧 ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢ
114- 114 -

ࡽࢀࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸰㸷㸧 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸱㸮㸧 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗ㸪ࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖ
㸦p < .05㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋㄪᩚࠖ㸦p < .01㸧ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖཬࡧࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㸦⾲㸱㸯㸧 ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸦⾲㸱㸰㸧

115

- 115 -

- 116 -

0.05

0.05

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2(0.03)

-0.07

0.04

0.04

(0.03)
0.04

0.04(0.03)-0.10(0.03)(0.03)(0.03)
†

0.07

0.01

0.03
-0.05

(0.00)(0.00)(0.00)

**

0.01

0.00

0.01

(0.01)**

0.02(0.07)(0.01)(0.01)

0.01

0.02
*

(0.08)

2.66

3.08

**

**

**

**

0.03

0.04

(0.03)

0.02(0.03)

0.07(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.08)***

2018 ᖺᗘ
2.85

೧࠸
**

2017 ᖺᗘ

**2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.07)

2.80**

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

㻌

ࡍࡈ࠸

0.03

0.04

(0.03)

0.01(0.03)

0.05(0.00)

0.01(0.01)

0.01(0.07)

2.42

†

**

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

116

0.04

0.04

(0.03)

0.03(0.03)

0.03(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.02(0.08)

2.86
**

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ዲࡁ⾲㸰㸳 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

㻌

0.02

0.03

(0.03)-0.01(0.03)-0.06(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.01(0.07)

2.07

**

†

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.02

0.02

(0.03)

0.02(0.03)

0.01(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.07)

2.00**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ᛧ࠸⾲㸰㸳 㸦⥆ࡁ㸧

㻌

ឤㅰ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

3.13

3.34

**

(0.07)(0.07)

0.01

0.01(0.01)
ᏛᖺつᶍᛶูᏛᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

0.01*(0.01)**

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.02

0.00(0.02)(0.03)

-0.08

**

**

-0.05

(0.03)(0.03)

R2

0.04

0.04

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.03

0.03

*

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ
‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ⾲㸰㸴 ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್
㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧㻌Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ
㻌ษ∦2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

1.38

1.59

1.92

2.22

**

(0.06)
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

0.02

*

(0.01)
Ꮫᖺつᶍ

0.00

**

0.04

†

(0.02)
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

-0.07**(0.06)(0.07)

0.01

0.00

0.01

(0.01)(0.01)(0.01)

0.00

†

0.05

*

(0.02)****(0.07)(0.00)(0.00)
ᛶู

Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ

0.04

0.00

**

0.00

(0.00)(0.00)

-0.01

-0.05

(0.02)
†

-0.13

**

*

(0.03)**-0.05(0.03)(0.03)(0.03)(0.03)

R2

0.03

0.02

0.04

0.03

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.03

0.02

0.03

0.03

†

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p< .05, † p < .10ࠋ117

- 117 -

⾲㸰㸵 ⮬ᑛᚰࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

㻌

⮬ᑛᚰ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

2017 ᖺᗘ
3.09

2018 ᖺᗘ
**3.01(0.05)(0.06)

0.00

0.00(0.01)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

-0.17

**

-0.15

(0.02)(0.02)

-0.01

-0.04

(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.02

0.02

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.02

0.02

**

*

**

†

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ
‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ118

- 118 -

- 119 0.02
0.01

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2(0.02)-0.05(0.02)
*

0.02

0.02

(0.02)-0.01(0.02)

0.07

0.07(0.02)-0.01(0.02)

0.30

-0.14

-0.14
**

(0.00)(0.00)(0.00)
**

0.00

0.00

0.00

(0.01)(0.00)

0.01(0.05)(0.01)

0.00

0.02
**

(0.05)

2.80

**

**

2.85
**

2017 ᖺᗘ

0.09

0.09

(0.02)

0.00(0.02)

0.32(0.00)

0.00(0.00)

0.00(0.05)

2.82

**

**

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.05)

2.89**

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

㻌

⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ

0.01

0.01

(0.02)

0.00(0.02)

-0.05
*

119

0.01

0.01

(0.02)-0.01(0.02)-0.05(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.01)*

0.01(0.07)

2.79

*

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

(0.01)

0.01(0.06)

2.85**

2017 ᖺᗘ

⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧⾲㸰㸶 ឤ᝟▱ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ㻌⾲㸰㸷 ྥ♫఍ᛶࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

㻌

ྥ♫఍ᛶ
㻌
ษ∦

2017 ᖺᗘ
2.90

2018 ᖺᗘ
**(0.04)Ꮫ⣭つᶍᏛᖺつᶍᛶูᏛᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧0.01

2.90(0.05)*

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.24

**

**

0.23

(0.02)(0.02)

0.01

0.00(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.05

0.06

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.05

0.06

*

**

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ
‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ⾲㸱㸮 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧㻌཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ᛶู

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

3.16

3.33

**

(0.05)(0.05)

0.01

0.00(0.01)(0.00)

0.00

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.00-0.02(0.02)(0.02)
Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

-0.04

**

*

-0.03

(0.02)(0.02)

R2

0.02

0.02

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.01

0.01

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ
‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ120

- 120 -

- 121 -(0.02)(0.02)

0.02

0.01

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2(0.02)
0.02

0.02(0.02)

0.02

0.08

0.04
**

(0.00)(0.00)-0.07(0.00)

0.00

0.00
**

0.00

(0.01)(0.01)

0.03

0.03(0.02)

0.01(0.02)

0.05(0.01)

-0.01

0.00

-0.01

(0.06)

3.08

*

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

(0.07)

2.04**

2018 ᖺᗘ

0.01

0.02

(0.02)

0.04(0.02)

0.07(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.01(0.07)

3.00

†

**

**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ

(0.06)

1.83**

2017 ᖺᗘ

R2

Ꮫᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

ᛶู

Ꮫᖺつᶍ

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ษ∦

㻌

ෆⓗㄪᩚ

0.01

0.02

(0.02)-0.06(0.02)

0.01(0.00)

0.00(0.01)-0.02(0.06)

2.40

*

*

**

**

2017 ᖺᗘ

121

0.01

0.01

(0.03)

0.04(0.02)

0.00
†

0.01

0.01

(0.02)-0.01(0.02)

0.02(0.00)

0.00

0.01(0.00)(0.01)**-0.02(0.06)

2.54
*

**

0.00

0.01

(0.02)

0.00(0.02)

0.02(0.00)

0.00(0.01)

0.00(0.07)

2.56**

2018 ᖺᗘ

እⓗㄪᩚ2017 ᖺᗘ

(0.01)

0.01(0.07)

2.19**

2018 ᖺᗘ

ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ

⾲㸱㸯 Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ㻌⾲㸱㸰 ↓Ẽຊឤࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃ್㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

㻌

↓Ẽຊឤ
㻌
ษ∦
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

4.02

3.71

**

(0.10)(0.11)

0.00

-0.01

(0.01)
ᏛᖺつᶍᛶูᏛᖺ㸦୰ 2㸧

-0.01**(0.01)**

0.00(0.00)(0.00)

0.02

0.10(0.04)(0.04)

0.00

0.13(0.04)(0.04)

R2

0.02

0.02

ㄪᩚ῭ࡳ R2

0.02

0.01

*

**

ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪()ෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ
ᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ

㸲㸬⪃ᐹ

ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸦3 ᅇ㸧ཬࡧ Y ┴ 5 ᕷ㸦2 ᅇ㸧ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ྛ⮬἞యࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡈ࡜㸪ㄪᰝᖺᗘࡈ࡜࡟ OLS ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋOLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡶ
࡟㸪⮬἞యཬࡧྛㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪୍㒊ࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪ㄪᰝᖺᗘࡸ⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡽࡎ୍㈏ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㸦4㹼6 ᖺ⏕㸧㸪୰Ꮫᰯ㸦1࣭2 ᖺ⏕㸧ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ኚᩘࡈ࡜ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ୍㈏ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚୰ᚰⓗ࡟⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧ࢆ㝖ࡃྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡜ Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୧⮬἞య㛫㸪ⱝࡋࡃࡣ」ᩘࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㛫࡛࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ୍㈏ࡋ
࡚㸪࠿ࡘඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ▱ぢࡸ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿᙧ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝Ⰻዲ࡞≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୗ㸪ኚᩘࡈ࡜ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㡰࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋ࢔㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ ࡲࡎ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪 X ┴ A ᕷࡢ」ᩘࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸧ཬࡧ Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖࠕ೧࠸ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᑛᩗ㛵㐃ឤ᝟㸦e.g. Ṋ⸨,122- 122 -

2016㸧࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿឤ᝟ࡸࠕឤㅰࠖࡢឤ᝟㸦e.g. ⸨ཎ௚㸪2014㸧㸪ࠕዲࡁࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺ࡀᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢ
࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪୍㈏ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᛧ࠸ࠖឤ᝟ࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 3 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸧୍࡛㈏ࡋ
࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪෇⁥࡞ᤵᴗ㐍⾜ࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡀ⤫ไⓗ࡞ែᗘࢆ♧ࡉࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ሙ㠃ࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟㸪ඣ❺࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍ
ᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᛧ࠸ࠖ࡜࠸࠺ឤ᝟ࡀ⏕ࡌࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ 2018 ᖺᗘㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ṇ㈇㏫ࡢ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀᐦ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜
࡛㸪ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㈇ࡢឤ᝟ࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᩚྜⓗ࡟ㄝ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ⮬἞యࡸㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡿ⤖ᯝࡢ୙୍⮴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㆟ㄽ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞ࣔࢹࣝศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ウࡸ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢ⮬἞యࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝㸪௒ᚋࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウ᳨࣭ドࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
࢖㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ ḟ࡟㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙ
ᡤࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ 3 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸧୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢᚓ
Ⅼࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸧ཬࡧ Y ┴ 5ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓㄪᰝ
ᖺᗘࢆྵࡵ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⮬἞య࣭ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪ࠕ࡜࡚ࡶᅔࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪࠶࡞ࡓࡣࡑࡢே㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕㸧࡟ຓࡅ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸࡟⾜ࡁࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ඣ❺ࡀࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࢆᚰ⌮ⓗ࡟Ᏻ඲࡜ឤࡌࡽࢀࡿ㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪ࠕࡑࡢே㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕㸧ࡀぢᏲࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜㸪ࡴࡎ࠿ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛
ࡶࡀࢇࡤࢁ࠺࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࢆᏳ඲ᇶᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᪂ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸᅔ㞴࡞ㄢ㢟࡟ᣮᡓ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪ᮧୖ࣭Ḉ஭, 2014㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌࡀᏛ⣭ࡢඣ❺࡜ಶࠎ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ᫬㛫ࢆከࡃᣢࡗࡓࡾ㸪ಙ㢗㛵ಀᛶࢆ⠏࠸ࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඣ❺ࡢឤぬࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪୧⮬἞యࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸ௵࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㈇࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝
ᢸ௵࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜ࡶྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
123- 123 -

࢘㸬ឤ᝟▱ᛶḟ࡟㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ」ᩘࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡶྵࡵ㸪୧⮬἞య㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㈇࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡢ୰࡛㸪┦ᡭࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ⌮ゎࡋࡓࡾ㸪⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ࠺ࡲࡃࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓࡾ㸪┦ᡭ࡟⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆ࠺ࡲࡃ⾲⌧ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ
ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪➨㸯㒊➨㸰❶㸰⠇ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺ࡢሙྜ㸪ᩍဨࡸ௚ඣ❺࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀᐦ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ྍ
⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼㸪ᤵᴗࡸᩍ⛉እάື➼ࡢሙ㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୍ேࡢඣ❺ᙜࡓࡾࡢⓎゝᅇᩘࡸࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ㔞ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪≉ᐃࡢ┦ᡭ࡜⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ㛵ࢃࡿᶵ఍ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ከࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪┦ᡭࡢẼᣢࡕࢆணࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᐜ᫆࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪┦ᡭ࡟⮬ศࡢẼᣢࡕࢆࢃ࠿ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࢆᚓࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉ
ࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪ඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ୍㒊ࡢ⮬἞యཬࡧㄪᰝᖺᗘࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶ
ࡢࡢ㸪୧⮬἞య㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㈇࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᴫࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓഴྥࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜ࡶ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢚㸬ྥ♫఍ᛶ
⥆࠸࡚㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺ࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 3 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸧୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡇࡑぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡜ࡶ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㈇㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡜ྠᵝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪ࠕ࿘ࡾࡢே࡟ぶษ࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡲࡍ࠿ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿ௚
⪅࡬ࡢࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡾࠖ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫሗ࿌ࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡸඣ❺ྠኈࡢᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡢ୰࡛㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࢡࣛࢫ࣓࢖ࢺࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ࿘ࡾࡢே࡬ࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ⫱ࡲࢀࡓࡾ㸪Ⓨ᥹ࡋࡓࡾࡋࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟㸪⦪᩿ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅜෆࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ
࡜ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸧ࠋྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃཬࡧඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ୍㈏ᛶࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ㡹೺ᛶࡢ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
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࢜㸬཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡉࡽ࡟㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ
᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㈇㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀⰋዲ࡞ഴྥ࡟࠶
ࡗࡓࠋឤ᝟▱ᛶࡸྥ♫఍ᛶ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡸඣ❺ྠኈࡢᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡢ୰࡛㐣ࡈࡍࡇ࡜࡛㸪཭ே࡜ࡢⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㸪㝈ᐃⓗ࠿ࡘᙅ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࡞᝿ᐃ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
࢝㸬⮬ᑛᚰ
ḟ࡟㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪X ┴A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ
᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜⮬ᑛᚰࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㈇㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㸪⮬ᕫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢホ౯ⓗឤ᝟࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗឤ᝟ࡢᙉࡉࢆ⾲ࡍ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪➨㸯㒊➨㸰❶㸰⠇ࢆཧ↷㸧
ࠋඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡸ௚ඣ❺࡜ࡢⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡀᵓ⠏ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡢ㧗ࡉࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᅜෆ
࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛ⾜◊✲㸦ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ㸪཭ே࣭ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᕼⷧ໬ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟㸦ᢚ࠺ࡘ࡞࡝ࡢ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡢၥ㢟㸧࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㸪ෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟࡜࢖ࢥ࣮࡛ࣝࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪ෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟ࡢపࡉ㸪ࡘࡲࡾⰋዲ࡞࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡢ≧ែࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓᣦᶆ࡜ᤊ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᮏ⠇ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃཬࡧඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♧၀࡜ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
࢟㸬↓Ẽຊឤ
↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪↓ẼຊឤࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪X ┴A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜↓ẼຊឤࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣṇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤖ᯝࡢഴྥ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡉࡉ࡜ෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟㸦࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡢၥ㢟㸧ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ
ඛ⾜◊✲㸦ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ㸪཭ே࣭ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᕼⷧ໬
ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤࡢ㧗ࡉࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜ඣ❺ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤࡢ㧗ࡉ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㸪㝈ᐃⓗ࠿ࡘᙅ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ▱ぢ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜ྜ⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
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ࢡ㸬Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧᭱ᚋ࡟㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡓ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙉࡉ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸧࡜௚ᚊⓗ࡞ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᙉࡉ㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧࠿ࡽ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㉁࡜⮬ᚊᛶࡢ⛬ᗘࢆᤊ࠼ࡿᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪Deci & Ryan, 2000㸹すᮧ࣭Ἑᮧ࣭Ḉ஭, 2011 ࡞࡝㸧ࠋ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪௚ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡟క࠺ࢫࢺࣞࢫ཯ᛂࡢపࡉࡸ㸪Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦すᮧ࣭Ḉ஭, 2013b㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑠᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ᪉ࡀඣ❺ࡢᤵᴗ࡬ࡢ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥ
ࢺࡀ㧗࠸࡜ࡢ▱ぢ㸦e.g. Finn, et al., 2003㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ሙ
ྜ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡸ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⮬యࢆᴦࡋࢇࡔࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪ඣ❺ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗࠸≧ែ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
୍ࡘ࡟㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢಙᛕࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸦ᤵᴗ୰ࡢኌ࠿ࡅࡢ௙᪉࡞
࡝㸧ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g. 㮵ẟ࣭ୖῡ࣭኱ᐙ, 1997㸹Reeve & Jang,
2006㸹Reeve, Jang, Carrell, Jeon, & Barch, 2004㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺ࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡑࡢࡶࡢࡼࡾࡶ㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᩍᖌࡀᢸᙜࡋ㸪ඣ❺࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆᙉࡃཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍᖌࡢಙᛕ
ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࡇ࡜ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚㛫᥋ⓗ࡟ඣ❺ࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢඣ❺࡜㛵ࢃࡿᩍᖌࡢಙᛕࡸ㸪ࡩࡔࢇࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ㐣⛬࡛࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ኌ࠿ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉࡸࡑࡢ፹௓ຠᯝࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢⓎ㐩ẁ㝵ࡢᙳ㡪࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ྛᏛᖺࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㞟ᅋᖹᆒ್࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸧ࡣᏛᖺẁ㝵ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜పୗࡋ㸪௚ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧ࡣᏛᖺẁ㝵ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜ቑຍࡍࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦すᮧ࣭Ḉ஭,
2013a㸧ࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪୧⮬἞యࡢ」ᩘࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ࡜ྠ୍໬
ⓗㄪᩚ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧ࢲ࣑࣮ࡀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪௚Ꮫᖺ㸦4 ᖺ⏕࣭5 ᖺ⏕㸧࡜ẚ࡭㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᚓⅬࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫᖺࡢ㐪࠸ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᚓⅬ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᙅ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⌮ㄽ㸦⮬ᕫỴᐃ⌮ㄽ㸸e.g. Deci & Ryan, 2000㸧࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡣᩥ⬦ࡸ࿘ᅖࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ㸪௚ᚊⓗ࡞≧ែ࠿ࡽ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞≧ែ࡬࡜ኚᐜࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪ྛㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ಶே㛫ࡢᚓⅬኚື࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᫬Ⅼ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧࡟ࡼࡿಶேෆࡢᚓⅬኚື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢಶேෆኚື㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪࠶ࡿඣ❺ಶேࡢ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㸪⤒ᖺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ቑຍⱝࡋࡃࡣపୗࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ㸧࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᙳ㡪ຊ
126- 126 -

ࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ᫬Ⅼ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧࡟ࡼࡿಶேෆࡢᚓⅬኚື࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௚ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡛ࡶྠᵝࡢࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋ
ࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅ࡢ୰᳨࡛ウࡍࡿࠋ㸦㸰㸧୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡶ㸪」ᩘ
ࡢᖺᗘ୍࡛㈏ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬἞యཬࡧㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡢ㏫㌿ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸪ᴫࡋ࡚㛵㐃ࡀᏳᐃࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௨ୗ㸪ኚᩘࡈ࡜ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㡰࡟㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
࢔㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡲࡎ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ
㸪
ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ㸪
ࠕឤ
ㅰࠖ㸪ࠕዲࡁࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡓഴྥ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪⏕ᚐࡀᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ௚ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡛ࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡣぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪Y ┴ 5ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝཬࡧ X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 2017ᖺᗘㄪᰝ࡜ࡣṇ㈇㏫ࡢ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ
㸪ࠕ೧
࠸ࠖ
㸪
ࠕឤㅰࠖ
㸪
ࠕዲࡁࠖឤ᝟ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏕ᚐࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᛧ࠸ࠖឤ᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⏕ᚐࡢࠕᛧ࠸ࠖឤ
᝟ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿࠕᛧ࠸ࠖឤ᝟ࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ௚ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸪ཬࡧY ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪୰ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪୍㒊㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪⮬἞యࡸㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࢖㸬ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⥆࠸࡚㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2017ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ♧ࡉࢀࡓഴྥ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ㸪ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ࡇࢀ
ࡽࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧ཬࡧ Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡛ࡣ㸪㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫ࡢ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ
ࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸦X ┴ A ᕷ 2019 ᖺᗘ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ 2017 ᖺᗘ㸧㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸
࡯࡝ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸦X ┴ A ᕷ 2019 ᖺᗘ㸧ࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ127- 127 -

ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪୰ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ㸦ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸧㸪㒊ศⓗ࡟ࡣᮏ⠇ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪⮬἞యࡸㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࢘㸬ឤ᝟▱ᛶ
ḟ࡟㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪୍㈏ࡋ࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ୍㒊㸪㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫ࡢ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⏕ᚐࡢࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝⏕ᚐࡢࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪 X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⏕ᚐࡢࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝⏕ᚐࡢࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࢀ௨እࡢ
ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡛ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⮬἞య࣭ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ඲⯡ⓗ࡟㛵㐃ࡀᙅ࠸ࡇ࡜
࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪୍㒊⮬἞యཬࡧㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸪㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸
࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࢚㸬ྥ♫఍ᛶ
⥆࠸࡚㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ௚ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸪 X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 3 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ⠇࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸
࡯࡝ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪ᅜෆࡢඛ⾜◊✲㸦ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸧࡜ࡶྜ⮴ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡋࡓឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪⥲ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢ㛵㐃ࡣᙅ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘ୍㒊㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸪㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࢜㸬཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡉࡽ࡟㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝཭
ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ 2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷
ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ⠇࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪㸦ᙅ࠸࠿ࡘ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞㛵㐃࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸧⌮ㄽⓗ࡞᝿ᐃ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀⰋዲ࡞ഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪ୖ㏙ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶཬࡧྥ♫఍ᛶࡢ⤖ᯝࡢഴྥ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪⥲ࡌ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜
128- 128 -

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣᙅ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘ୍㒊㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡢഴྥ࡜ࡣ཯ᑐ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸪㛵㐃ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸
࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
࢝㸬⮬ᑛᚰ
ḟ࡟㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⮬ᑛᚰࡢᚓⅬ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ⠇ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃཬࡧඛ⾜◊✲㸦ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♧၀࡜ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢ⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
࢟㸬↓Ẽຊឤ
⥆࠸࡚㸪↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜↓ẼຊឤࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝↓ẼຊឤࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ 2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ⠇ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃཬࡧඛ⾜◊✲㸦ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♧၀࡜ྜ⮴ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢ↓Ẽຊឤࡀప࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࢡ㸬Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧᭱ᚋ࡟㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ㸪୍㒊ࡢ⮬἞య㸪ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ୧⮬἞యཬࡧ」ᩘࡢㄪ
ᰝᖺᗘ୍࡛㈏ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓㄪᰝᖺᗘࡶ
ྵࡵ㸪ᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡎ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢ㛫
࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖࡣ㸪ᴦࡋ࠸࠿ࡽᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜⮬యࡀ┠ⓗ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚Ꮫ⩦࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿ≧ែࢆᣦࡋ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ヱᙜࡍࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢᐦ࡞㛵ಀࡸኌ᥃ࡅࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ࡶ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑠつᶍᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⩦࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ຠᯝ㸦e.g. Finn, et al., 2003㸧࡜ࡶྜ⮴ࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡛ࡣ 2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡜ࡶ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ㸦ࡲࡓ㸪㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡶ
୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ௚ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2018 ᖺᗘ㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ 2017 ᖺᗘ࡜ࡣ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫㸦ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸧࡛࠶ࡿ࡞࡝㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ࡜ྠᵝ࡟⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿
ࡋ㸪ࠕෆⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢሙྜ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪ࠕྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ௚ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ
129- 129 -

㸦2018 ᖺᗘ㸧࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫㸦㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Y ┴ 5ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ 2 ᅇࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡛㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸㸦ඹ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣぢࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞
࠸㸧࡞࡝㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝
ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ㸪ࠕእⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡜ࠕእ
ⓗㄪᩚࠖࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ௚ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪௚ࡢேࡀࡸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
࠿ࡽᏛ⩦ࡍࡿ㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧㸪ぶࡸඛ⏕࡟ྏࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫ⩦ࡍࡿ㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧࡞࡝㸪⏕ᚐ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚"ࡸࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ"ឤぬࢆక࠺ࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦e.g. Deci & Ryan,
2000㸹すᮧ࣭Ḉ஭, 2013b㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝௚ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ⌮⏤࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ㸪㸦Ⰻࡃࡶᝏࡃࡶ㸧ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡢ┠ࡀᒆࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡀࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽ⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ௚ᚊⓗ࡞ኌ᥃ࡅࡢ㢖ᗘࡶୖࡀࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼࡟⏕ᚐࡢ௚ᚊⓗືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪⮬἞య࣭ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ௚ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡇࢀࡽࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫㸦㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸧࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ࡴࡋࢁ௚ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪X ┴A ᕷࡢ୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦Y ┴ 5 ᕷ
ࡢ 2017 ᖺᗘࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡀ㏫㸧ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸪୍㈏ࡋ࡞࠸⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ⠇࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪୍㒊ࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪୧⮬἞య㛫࡛㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ」ᩘࡢㄪᰝᖺᗘ୍࡛㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜௚ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅࡿࡢࡣᛶᛴ࡛࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᛮࢃࢀ
ࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪௚ࡢせᅉ㸦ᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉ➼㸧ࢆ௓ࡋࡓຠᯝࡸ㸪ಶேෆ࡛ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢኚ໬࣭Ⓨ㐩࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࡢ᳨ウ㸪ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศᯒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ㆟ㄽ࡞࡝㸪௒ᚋࡢ᭦࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ㸦㸱㸧ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ㄢ㢟ࡇࡇࡲ࡛㸪⮬἞యࡈ࡜ࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯูࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⤂௓ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪≉࡟ᑠᏛᰯ㸦4㹼6 ᖺ⏕㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᢸ௵࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᣦᶆ㸦ឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸪࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸧㸪♫఍ᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᣦᶆ㸦ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸧㸪ෆᅾ໬ၥ㢟࡟㛵ࢃࡿᣦᶆ㸦⮬ᑛᚰ㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪࠾࠾ࡴࡡ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿᙧ࡛㸪࠿ࡘ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ୍㈏ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪୰Ꮫᰯ㸦1࣭2 ᖺ⏕㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ୍㈏ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡢᒎ㛤࡟ྥࡅ㸪ᅜෆࡢᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡢഴྥࢆ᥈ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㈗㔜࡞ᐇド▱ぢ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࣔࢹࣝࡢ㝈⏺ࡸ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ≉ᚩ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛⪃៖ࡋࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸せᅉࡢၥ㢟࡞࡝㸪ㄢ㢟ࡶṧࡉࢀ
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࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࢆྵࡵ➨㸰❶࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓศᯒࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ḟ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢᗄࡘ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅ࡢ୰࡛㏣ຍࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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Finn, J. D., Pannozzo, G. M., & Achilles, C. M. (2003). The “Why’s” of class size:
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⸨ཎ೺ᚿ࣭ᮧୖ㐩ஓ࣭すᮧከஂ☻࣭℈ཱྀె࿴࣭Ḉ஭ⱱ⏨ (2014). ᑠᏛ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑐேⓗឤㅰᑻᗘࡢసᡂ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 62(3), 187-196.
https://doi.org/10.5926/jjep.62.187
ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ (2017). Ꮫ⣭
つᶍ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ㸸⮬↛ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࣐ࣝࢳࣞ
࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 65(4), 451-465.
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㮵ẟ㞞἞࣭ୖῡᑑ࣭኱ᐙࡲࡺࡳ (1997). ᩍ⫱᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢ⮬ᚊᛶᨭ᥼ࡢᚿྥᛶࡀ
ᤵᴗ㐣⛬࡜ඣ❺ࡢែᗘ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪 ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 45(2), 192–202. 
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Ἑᮧ ⱱ㞝 (2010)㸬᪥ᮏࡢᏛ⣭㞟ᅋ࡜Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀ――㞟ᅋࡢᩍ⫱ຊࢆ⏕࠿ࡍᏛᰯࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢ
ཎ⌮࡜ᒎᮃ―― ᅗ᭩ᩥ໬ᮧୖ㐩ஓ࣭Ḉ஭ⱱ⏨ (2014). ඣ❺ᮇ୰࣭ᚋᮇ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ࣭ࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࢆ
ᵓᡂࡍࡿᡂဨࡢ᳨ウ㸸ඣ❺⏝࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,
62(1), 24–37. https://doi.org/10.5926/jjep.62.24
Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ (2016). ⌧௦᪥ᮏே࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑛᩗ㛵㐃ឤ᝟ࡢ㝵ᒙⓗព࿡ᵓ㐀 ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,131- 131 -

87(1), 95–101. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.87.15304
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すᮧከஂ☻࣭Ḉ஭ⱱ⏨ (2013a). ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᵓ㐀ⓗኚ໬ ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 83, 546–555. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.83.546
すᮧከஂ☻࣭Ḉ஭ⱱ⏨ (2013b). ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜Ꮫᴗ㐺ᛂ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 84, 365–375. https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.84.365
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during a learning activity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 209–218. 
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engagement by increasing teachers’ autonomy support. Motivational andEmotion, 28(2), 147–169.
https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1023/B:MOEM.0000032312.95499.6f
ὀ
1 ୍㒊ࡢᕷ࡛ࡣᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 3 ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪
ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

132- 132 -

㸲⠇ ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅࡟ྥࡅࡓ㆟ㄽ㸯㸬➨㸰❶ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ
➨㸰❶࡛ࡣ㸪㸯⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲୪ࡧ࡟ࡑࡇ࡟ྵࡲࢀ࠺ࡿኚᩘ
ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓࠋ㸰⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࢆ㋃ࡲ
࠼㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲࡛᥇⏝ࡉࢀࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᚰ⌮ᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᚰ
⌮ⓗᴫᛕ୪ࡧ࡟⌮ㄽⓗ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭㸪㏣ຍㄪᰝࡢタィ࡜ㄪᰝ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ゎㄝࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪㸱⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ᇶ♏ศᯒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪➨㸯❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ࡜ྠᵝࡢศᯒࣔࢹࣝ
࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪⮬἞యࡈ࡜ࡢᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰Ꮫᰯูࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢഴྥࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᚋ㏙ࡢ⿵ㄽձ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ྛ⮬἞యࡢᑠ࣭
୰Ꮫᰯࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘ㸦ICC㸧㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ༢┦㛵㸪ྠ୍ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ᫬Ⅼ㛫┦㛵ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢኚᩘࡀ㸪ᡤᒓᏛ⣭ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ኚືࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♧ࡋࡓࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᮏ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓศᯒ୪ࡧ࡟ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ศᯒୖࡢㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓࡑࢀࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅࡟ྥࡅࡓᒎᮃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸰㸬ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒࡢㄢ㢟㸦㸯㸧ศᯒࣔࢹࣝࡢၥ㢟ᮏ❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᯒୖࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪➨୍࡟㸪ศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄢ㢟ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸱⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫᖺつᶍࡸ㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪ᛶู㸪Ꮫᰯࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯつᶍࡢ」㞧࡞㠀⥺ᙧࡢ㛵ᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㸱⠇࡛ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㏻ᖖࡢᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡢඹኚ㔞࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫᰯ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧つᶍࢆᢞධࡋࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫᰯつᶍࡢ஺⤡ࢆ᏶඲࡟㜵ࡄ࡟ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸧ࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫᰯෆ
ຠᯝ࡜Ꮫᰯ㛫ຠᯝࢆศ㞳ࡋࡓᙧ࡛᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝㸪᪉ἲㄽୖࡢᕤኵࢆຍ࠼㸪ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞ࣔࢹࣝࡢୗ࡛ࡢศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࣝࢳ
ࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡢ୰᳨࡛ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀྛ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ⬟ຊࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞㧗ࡉࢆ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ண

ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡀ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢኚ໬࣭Ⓨ㐩ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺㸦┤⥺㸧ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡢ୰᳨࡛ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ㛫ࡢྠ᫬┦㛵ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ኚᩘྠኈࡢ┦஫ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪
࠶ࡿ᫬Ⅼࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉ㸦పࡉ㸧ࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪ḟ᫬Ⅼࡢࡑࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡘ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓ┦஫ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ┦஫ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡟㋃ࡳ㎸ࢇࡔ᳨ウࢆࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ูࡢศᯒࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊࡟࠾ࡅࡿ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡢ୰
133- 133 -᳨࡛ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࡢၥ㢟➨஧࡟㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⮬἞య࣭ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍศᕸࡢ≉ᚩ࡟␃ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ≉࡟୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏ❶࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ୧⮬἞య࡜ࡶ࡟㸪30 ேྎࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ๭ྜࡀከࡃ㸪࡜ࡾࢃࡅ Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 9 ๭௨ୖࡀ 30 ேྎࡢᏛ⣭࡛࠶ࡗࡓ(ὀ1)ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪ㅖእᅜ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ᖹᆒⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓඖ࠿ࡽࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⮬἞యࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ኱ࡁࡃ㸪࠿ࡘ೫ࡾࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ㸪ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡶࡲࡓ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ኱ࡁ࡞つᶍࡢᏛ⣭ྠኈ࡛ࡢẚ㍑⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪30 ேྎࡢᏛ⣭ࡢ୰࡛㸪ẚ㍑ⓗேᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸Ꮫ⣭࡜ከ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡜ࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿⅬ࡟㸪⤖ᯝࢆゎ㔘ࡍࡿୖ࡛ࡢ
␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪≉࡟୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞
࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍศᕸࡢ೫ࡾ࡜ࣞࣥࢪࡢ⊃ࡉࡢၥ㢟ࡀᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ୰ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢࣞࣥࢪࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡜ẚ࡭࡚⊃࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ㸦e.g. ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸧ࠋᶵ⦕ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࢆ⮬἞య༢఩࡛㑅ᐃࡋࡓሙྜ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢศᕸ࡟೫ࡾࡀฟ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᶵ⦕ἲ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ⮬἞༢఩ࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟㑅ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪඲ᅜࡢᏛᰯ࠿ࡽࡢࣛࣥ
ࢲ࣒ࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄪᰝᑐ㇟Ꮫᰯ࣭Ꮫ⣭ࢆᢳฟࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪ㄪᰝタィẁ㝵࡛ࡢ㸪ᶆᮏᢳฟ᪉ἲࡢᕤኵ࡜⪃៖ࡀᚲせ࡟࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸦㸱㸧஺⤡せᅉ࣭ࡑࡢ௚ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࡢၥ㢟➨୕࡟㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛⪃៖ࡋࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪௚ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࡸ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜஺⤡ࡋ࡚⤖ᯝ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡢ࠶ࡿᗄࡘ࠿ࡢせᅉࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
୍ࡘ࡟㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢᣦᑟࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿᩍဨഃࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
㸱⠇ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶゐࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪≉࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡞࡝㸪ᩍဨഃࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢಙᛕࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ➼㸪ࡑࡢኚᩘ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿᩍဨഃࡢせᅉࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓࡾ㸪ᩍဨഃࡢせᅉࡀㄪᩚຠᯝࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᩍဨࡢಙᛕࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡞࡝㸧ࡶ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢຠᯝࡣ㸪ᩍဨ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ௓ࡋ࡚⌧ࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡶ␃ពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡸಙᛕ㸪ᩍဨࡢ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫ➼ࡀኚືࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆ௓ࡋ࡚ඣ
❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᩍဨഃࡢせᅉࡢ፹௓ຠᯝ㸧ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘ࡟㸪Ꮫᰯഃࡢᕤኵ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡟ࡣ㸪⤒㦂ࡸࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ㇏ᐩ࡞
ᩍဨࢆ㓄⨨ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ຍ㓄ࡢᩍ⫋ဨࢆ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕
ࣈ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ⿵ṇࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫋ဨࡢ㓄⨨ࡀ஦๓࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦ᩍ⫋ဨࡢ㓄⨨࡟ࡼࡿせᅉࡢ஺⤡㸧ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍ⫋ဨࡢ㓄⨨ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ஺⤡せᅉ࡜࡞ࡾᚓ㸪ᮏ᮶࡛࠶ࢀࡤࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㓄⨨ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃៖ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⪃៖࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢ஺⤡せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫᰯࡢ❧ᆅࡍࡿᏛ༊ෆࡢᆅᇦᛶࡢ㐪࠸ࡢᙳ㡪ࡶᣲࡆ
134- 134 -

ࡽࢀࡿ㸦Ꮫ༊࣭ᆅᇦᛶ࡟ࡼࡿせᅉࡢ஺⤡㸧ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ྛᏛ༊ࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ≧ἣࡸ㸪ࡑࡢᆅᇦ࡟ఫࡲ࠺ಖㆤ⪅ࡢᩍ⫱⇕ពࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࡸ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢫ࢟ࣝࢆつᐃࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪♫఍⤒῭ⓗ≧ἣࡀẚ㍑ⓗⰋዲ࡞ᆅᇦ࡟ேࡀ㞟ࡲࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᇦෆࡢᏛᰯࡢつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾ㸪᣺⯆ఫᏯᆅᇦ࡟ᩍ⫱⇕ពࡢ㧗࠸Ꮚ⫱࡚ୡ௦ࡢᐙᗞࡀὶධࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᇦෆࡢᏛᰯࡢつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸪ᇦෆࡢᏛᰯࡢᏛᰯつᶍ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡶྠ᫬࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ஺⤡せᅉ࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᆅᇦᛶࡸᏛ༊ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃៖࡛ࡁ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪ඛ࡟ゐࢀࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫᰯ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧ࡢつᶍࢆ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋࡓࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓせᅉࡢ஺⤡ࢆ㜵ࡆ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦e.g. ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸧ࠋࡇࡢⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ༊ࡸᆅᇦᛶࡢせᅉࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ꮫ༊ࡸᆅᇦᛶ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚືࡋ࠺ࡿኚᩘࢆ≉ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᝟ሗࢆྲྀᚓࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟ྵࡵࡿ࡞࡝㸪ㄪᰝタィẁ㝵࠿ࡽࡢᕤኵࡀᚲせ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸱㸬ᮏ⠇ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ᒎᮃ
௨ୖ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪➨㸰❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓศᯒ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡢഴྥ࡜㸪ศᯒୖࡢㄢ
㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓࠋ➨㸰❶ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ྥࡅ㸪᪥ᮏᅜෆࡢᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡢ
ᇶ♏ⓗࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⵳✚ࡋ㸪ᑐ㇟ࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪␗࡞ࡿ⮬἞య㛫࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ␗ྠ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࡋࡓⅬ࡛ࡣ㈗㔜࡞ᐇド▱ぢ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪᥇⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࣔࢹࣝࡢ㝈⏺ࡸ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ≉ᚩ㸪ᮏ❶࡛⪃៖ࡋࡁࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸せᅉࡢၥ㢟࡞࡝㸪ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢㄢ㢟ࡀṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグ࡛ᣲࡆࡓㄢ㢟ࡢ࠺ࡕࡢᗄࡘ࠿࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅ࡢ୰࡛㏣ຍࡢ᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ

ஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧
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ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ (2017). Ꮫ⣭
つᶍ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ㸸⮬↛ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࣐ࣝࢳࣞ
࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 65(4), 451-465.
135- 135 -

https://doi.org/10.5926/jjep.65.451
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Y ┴ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡢᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪10 ேྎࡢᏛ⣭ࡀ 2 Ꮫ⣭㸪29ேᏛ⣭ࡀ 1 Ꮫ⣭࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ㝖࠸࡚㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 30 ேྎࡢᏛ⣭࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Y ┴ࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡢᏛ⣭࡟ 10 ேྎࡢᏛ⣭ࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪᭱ᑠつᶍࡢᏛ⣭ࡀ 24 ேᏛ⣭࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ࡶ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢࣞࣥࢪ㸦⠊ᅖ㸧ࡀ⊃࠸ࡇ࡜࡟㸪␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ136- 136 -

⿵ㄽձ ศᯒ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせ㸯⠇ Ꮫຊ㸯㸬┠ⓗ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㝿ࡢᇶ♏ศᯒ⦅࡟⏝࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅ࡢศᯒ࡛⏝࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡶྠࡌࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬᪉ἲ࣭⤖ᯝX ┴ A ᕷ㸦2014㹼2018 ᖺᗘ㸧ཬࡧ Y ┴㸦2015㹼2019 ᖺᗘ୍࣭㒊኱㒔ᕷࢆ㝖ࡃ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪බ❧࣭ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚୧⮬἞య࡛⊂⮬࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᏛ
ຊㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋᏛຊࡢᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡛ࡣ඲ᅜࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ⏝࠸࡚೫ᕪ್࡟᥮⟬ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ㸪Y ┴࡛ࡣ IRT ᚓⅬࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪Y ┴࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚๓ᖺᗘࡢᏛᖺேᩘࢆ๓ᖺᗘࡢᏛ⣭ᩘ࡛㝖ࡋࡓ್ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡣ 2016 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽࡢ 4 ࠿ᖺศ࡜࡞
ࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ X ┴ A ᕷࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⾲㸯㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧࡜⾲㸰㸦୰Ꮫᰯ㸧࡟㸪Y ┴ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡣ㸪⾲㸱㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧㸪⾲㸲㸦୰Ꮫᰯ㸧࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀᖺᗘࡈ࡜࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ




137

- 137 -

࠙; ┴ $ ᕷࠚ⾲㸯 ᑠᏛᰯ
࠙ᑠᏛᰯࠚᅜㄒ

2014ᖺᗘ
ほ ᩘ
7,672

ᖹᆒ
50.081

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.806

⟬ᩘ
⌮⛉

7,681
4,993

50.58648.361

♫఍
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ1ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ2ᖺ⏕

4,994
7,818
7,818
7,818
7,818
7,818

ᑠᏛ3ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

7,818
7,818
7,818
7,818

᭱ᑠ್

᭱኱್
25

68

9.741
9.727

25
25

67
68

50.913
31.5
106.4
0.476
0.176
0.173

10.408
4.7
33.3
0.499
0.381
0.378

25
18
34
0
0
0

73
41
161
1
1
1

0.160
0.164
0.163
0.165

0.366
0.371
0.370
0.371

0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1

ᖺᗘ
ほ

ᩘ

ᖹᆒ

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

᭱ᑠ್

᭱኱್

ᅜㄒ
⟬ᩘ
⌮⛉
♫఍
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

7,817
7,825
5,072
5,072
7,940

50.34750.25549.92750.67432.0

9.592
10.23610.157
10.919
4.6

25
25
25
25
19

68
69
70
72
41

Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ1ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ2ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ3ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕

7,940
7,940
7,940
7,940
7,940
7,940

106.1
0.474
0.177
0.172
0.171
0.157

30.9
0.499
0.382
0.378
0.376
0.364

35
0
0
0
0
0

154
1
1
1
1
1

ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕

7,940

0.161

0.368

0

1

ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

7,940

0.162

0.368

0

1

ᅜㄒ
⟬ᩘ

ᩘ
7,983
7,984

ᖹᆒ
52.54051.970

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.170
9.459

⌮⛉

5,193

51.284

♫఍
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

5,186
8,090

Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ1ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ2ᖺ⏕

ᖺᗘ
ほ

᭱ᑠ್

᭱኱್
25
25

68
71

9.463

25

71

52.603
31.9

9.445
4.5

25
18

70
41

8,090
8,090
8,090
8,090

107.4
0.470
0.170
0.178

30.0
0.499
0.376
0.382

36
0
0
0

153
1
1
1

ᑠᏛ3ᖺ⏕

8,090

0.171

0.376

0

1

ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

8,090
8,090
8,090

0.169
0.155
0.158

0.374
0.362
0.365

0
0
0

1
1
1

138

- 138 -

ᖺᗘ
ほ

ᩘ

ᖹᆒ

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

᭱ᑠ್

᭱኱್

ᅜㄒ
⟬ᩘ
⌮⛉
♫఍
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

8,342
8,360
5,448
5,450
8,437

50.51250.70649.72250.138
31.4

9.055
9.474
8.995
9.244
4.4

25
25
25
25
17

65
69
70
67
41

Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

8,470
8,470

112.8
0.480

32.7
0.500

38
0

203
1

ᑠᏛ1ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ2ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ3ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕

8,470
8,470
8,470
8,470
8,470

0.182
0.165
0.174
0.166
0.164

0.386
0.371
0.379
0.372
0.371

0
0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1
1

ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

8,470

0.149

0.356

0

1

ᩘ
8,551
8,548
5,553
5,548
8,709
8,709
8,709
8,709
8,709
8,709
8,709
8,709
8,709

ᖹᆒ
50.76550.01349.03449.333
31.7
115.9
0.483
0.172
0.176
0.162
0.169
0.162
0.159

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.142
9.260
9.437
9.684
4.7
34.2
0.500
0.377
0.381
0.368
0.375
0.368
0.365

ᖺᗘ
ほ
ᅜㄒ
⟬ᩘ
⌮⛉
♫఍
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ1ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ2ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ3ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

139

- 139 -

᭱ᑠ್

᭱኱್
25
25
25
25
17
37
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

66
69
69
68
40
204
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

⾲㸰 ୰Ꮫᰯ
࠙୰Ꮫᰯࠚ 2014ᖺᗘ
ほ ᩘ
ᅜㄒ
2,135

ᖹᆒ
50.638ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
10.374

᭱ᑠ್
25

᭱኱್
68

ᩘᏛ

2,134

51.993

9.718

25

67

⌮⛉

2,124

49.472

10.830

25

73

♫఍
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

2,135
2,125
2,267
2,267
2,267

50.60053.785
35.6
175.0
0.476

10.617
9.677
2.5
46.2
0.500

25
25
23
25
0

73
68
40
225
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

2,267

0.506

0.500

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

2,267

0.494

0.500

0

1

ᅜㄒ

ᩘ
2,220

ᖹᆒ
52.237

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.952

25

᭱኱್
68

ᩘᏛ

2,224

52.92210.300

25

69

⌮⛉

2,231

50.246

10.886

25

71

♫఍
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

2,217
2,233
2,299
2,299
2,299

50.55355.319
35.4
176.1
0.475

9.943
10.108
3.7
49.5
0.499

25
25
20
29
0

72
70
40
226
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

2,299

0.499

0.500

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

2,299

0.501

0.500

0

1

ᅜㄒ

ᩘ
2,228

ᖹᆒ
52.736

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.953

25

᭱኱್
71

ᩘᏛ

2,227

52.959

9.883

25

68

⌮⛉

2,224

50.827

9.941

25

72

♫఍

2,226

52.139

9.868

25

75

ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

2,226
2,298
2,298
2,298

55.485
35.2
174.6
0.487

9.989
3.9
48.7
0.500

25
19
34
0

71
40
224
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

2,298

0.503

0.500

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

2,298

0.497

0.500

0

1

ᖺᗘ
ほ᭱ᑠ್ᖺᗘ
ほ140- 140 -

᭱ᑠ್ᖺᗘ
ᅜㄒ

ほ

ᩘ
2,284

ᖹᆒ
52.359

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.908

ᩘᏛ
⌮⛉
♫఍
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ

2,284
2,282
2,276
2,284
2,332
2,332

53.60451.09550.73655.578
34.5
171.1

ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
୰Ꮫᖺ⏕
୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

2,332
2,332
2,332

᭱ᑠ್
25

᭱኱್
71

10.29610.1909.908
10.171
3.9
45.9

25
25
25
25
20
36

69
72
72
69
40
221

0.477
0.506
0.494

0.500
0.500
0.500

0
0
0

1
1
1

ᅜㄒ
ᩘᏛ

ᩘ
2,229
2,233

ᖹᆒ
51.51652.091ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
9.966
10.065

25
25

᭱኱್
69
65

⌮⛉
♫఍
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

2,235
2,230
2,234
2,304
2,304
2,304
2,304

51.02850.96955.611
34.0
166.9
0.475
0.495

10.04910.182
10.491
3.7
47.9
0.499
0.500

25
25
25
23
49
0
0

70
74
70
39
224
1
1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

2,304

0.505

0.500

0

1

ᖺᗘ
ほ141- 141 -᭱ᑠ್࠙< ┴ࠚ⾲㸱 ᑠᏛᰯ
࠙ᑠᏛᰯࠚ

2016ᖺᗘほ ᩘ
150,055ᖹᆒ-0.482

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.553

᭱ᑠ್
-5.8

᭱኱್
5.8

⟬ᩘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕

150,037
96,47496,474150,098
150,098-0.268
32.6
91.5
0.489
0.337

1.438
5.2
37.1
0.500
0.473

-5.8
1
1
0
0

5.8
44
233
1
1

ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕

150,098

0.328

0.469

0

1

ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

150,098

0.336

0.472

0

1

ほ ᩘ
150,169
150,189ᖹᆒ
-0.519-0.376

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.758
1.226

᭱ᑠ್
-8.1
-5.8

᭱኱್
5.8
5.8

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕

97,111
97,111150,223
150,223
150,223

32.7
92.3
0.489
0.335
0.337

5.2
38.0
0.500
0.472
0.473

1
1
0
0
0

44
263
1
1
1

ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

150,223

0.328

0.470

0

1

ᅜㄒ
⟬ᩘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

ほ ᩘ
150,276
150,263
98,351ᖹᆒ-0.552-0.385
33.0

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.720
1.169
5.2

᭱ᑠ್
-7.2
-5.8
3

᭱኱್
5.8
5.8
44

Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

98,351
150,321150,413150,413150,413

93.7
0.489
0.330
0.334
0.336

38.5
0.500
0.470
0.472
0.472

3
0
0
0
0

264
1
1
1
1

ᅜㄒ
⟬ᩘ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ

ほ ᩘ
148,419
148,432
97,174
97,174

ᖹᆒ
-0.817-0.267
32.8
93.3

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.744
1.392
5.2
37.9

᭱ᑠ್
-7.2
-5.8
2
2

᭱኱್
5.8
5.8
43
205

ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑠᏛ4ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ5ᖺ⏕
ᑠᏛ6ᖺ⏕

148,484
148,484
148,484
148,484

0.487
0.329
0.334
0.337

0.500
0.470
0.472
0.473

0
0
0
0

1
1
1
1

ᅜㄒ

2017ᖺᗘ
ᅜㄒ⟬ᩘ2018ᖺᗘ

2019ᖺᗘ

142- 142 -

⾲㸲 ୰Ꮫᰯ
࠙୰Ꮫᰯࠚ 2016ᖺᗘ
ほ ᩘᅜㄒ
148,039

ᖹᆒ
0.864

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.236

᭱ᑠ್
-5.8

᭱኱್
5.8

ᩘᏛ
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

148,018
98,821
143,092
143,092
148,132

0.739
0.315
34.4
145.7
0.486

1.399
1.275
4.2
66.7
0.500

-5.8
-5.8
4
4
0

5.8
5.8
44
375
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

148,132

0.332

0.471

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

148,132

0.332

0.471

0

1

୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕

148,132

0.336

0.472

0

1

ほ ᩘ
145,762

ᖹᆒ
0.976

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.369

᭱ᑠ್
-5.8

᭱኱್
6.0

ᩘᏛ
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

145,747
97,421
141,153
141,153
145,857

0.721
0.479
34.3
144.1
0.488

1.225
1.253
4.3
66.1
0.500

-5.8
-5.8
4
4
0

5.8
5.8
42
328
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

145,857

0.331

0.471

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

145,857

0.334

0.471

0

1

୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕

145,857

0.335

0.472

0

1

ᅜㄒ
ᩘᏛ
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

ほ ᩘ
141,127
141,113
94,425
138,660
138,660
141,234

ᖹᆒ
0.924
0.714
0.573
34.3
141.8
0.490

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.300
1.220
1.299
4.4
65.3
0.500

᭱ᑠ್
-5.8
-5.8
-5.8
1
1
0

᭱኱್
5.8
5.8
5.8
44
328
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

141,279

0.331

0.470

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕
୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕

141,279
141,279

0.332
0.338

0.471
0.473

0
0

1
1

ほ ᩘ
139,516

ᖹᆒ
0.948

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
1.343

᭱ᑠ್
-5.8

᭱኱್
6.2

ᩘᏛ
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺつᶍ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮

139,498
91,698137,121137,121
139,618

0.797
0.597
34.5
140.3
0.490

1.337
1.220
4.4
64.1
0.500

-5.8
-5.8
3
3
0

5.8
5.8
43
333
1

୰Ꮫᖺ⏕

139,618

0.342

0.474

0

1

୰Ꮫ2ᖺ⏕

139,618

0.326

0.469

0

1

୰Ꮫ3ᖺ⏕

139,618

0.331

0.471

0

1

2017ᖺᗘ
ᅜㄒ

2018ᖺᗘ

2019ᖺᗘ
ᅜㄒ143- 143 -

㸰⠇ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸯㸬┠ⓗ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿᛂ⏝ศᯒࢆጇᙜ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪⤖ᯝࢆ㐺ษ࡟ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ྛ✀ࡢᇶ♏⤫ィ㔞ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓྛኚᩘ㸦௨ୗࡇࡢ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྛ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸪⣭ෆ┦㛵ಀᩘ (ICC)㸪᫬Ⅼ㛫┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪௒ᚋࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࡢ⿵㊊㈨ᩱࢆᥦ౪
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡍࠋ㸰㸬᪉ἲ࣭⤖ᯝ X ┴ A ᕷཬࡧ Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘ࡟࠿ࡅ
࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⮬἞యࡢබ❧ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ ศᯒ 1.ཬࡧศᯒ 2.࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛ᫬Ⅼ࡛Ḟࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࣜࢫࢺ࣡࢖ࢬ㝖ཤࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ྛ᫬Ⅼ࡛඲࡚ࡢኚᩘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀグ㘓ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ᅇ⟅⪅ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡋࡓࠋศ
ᯒ 3.࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛Ḟࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠶ࡗࡓᅇ⟅⪅ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟እ࡜ࡋࡓࠋศᯒ

࡟ඹ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪ྛᑻᗘࡢ㡯┠ࡢᚓⅬࡢྜ⟬ᖹᆒ್ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸦㸯㸧ศᯒ 1㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞 X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛᖺᗘࡢྛኚᩘࡢᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪཬࡧྛᖺᗘࡢᑐ㇟⪅඲యࡢȘಀᩘࢆ⾲㸯࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ⮬἞యࡢྛᏛᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛኚᩘࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ⾲㸰࠿ࡽ⾲㸴࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᑻᗘࡢȘಀᩘࡣ.60ࠥ.91 ࡢ್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᴫࡡ༑ศ࡞ෆⓗ୍㈏ᛶࢆᣢࡘ
ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛᖺᗘࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢᚓⅬࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪཬࡧྛᖺᗘ
ࡢᑐ㇟⪅඲యࡢȘಀᩘࢆ⾲㸵࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ⮬἞యࡢྛᏛᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛኚᩘࡢᖹᆒ್
࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪཬࡧȘಀᩘࢆ⾲㸶࠿ࡽ⾲㸯㸰࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᑻᗘࡢȘಀᩘࡣ.57ࠥ.89 ࡢ್ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪ᴫࡡ༑ศ࡞ෆⓗ୍㈏ᛶࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ

144- 144 -

⾲㸯. X ┴ A ᕷࡢ඲ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࣭୧Ꮫᰯ✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ࡜ᑻᗘࡢȘಀᩘ
2017 ᖺᗘ
ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್Ș㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

Șᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.02(0.95)-

3.04 (0.94)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.89(0.97)-

2.88 (0.98)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.80(1.03)-

2.82 (1.03)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.92(0.95)-

1.97 (0.98)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.06(0.95)-

3.09 (0.94)-

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.08(0.92).85

2.13 (0.93).85 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.31(0.97).90

2.34 (0.98).90཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.34(0.65).89

3.36 (0.62)

.88

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.30

(0.71).80

3.32 (0.72)

.81

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.34

(1.42).89

3.37 (1.43)

.90

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.03

(0.63).78

3.04 (0.61).76 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.25(0.94).88

2.22 (0.95).88 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.25(0.81).85

3.25 (0.82).86 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.12(0.84).74

2.10 (0.85).73 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.32(0.81).60

2.33 (0.82).60 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.82(0.68).64

2.85 (0.69).66 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.07(0.67).78

3.09 (0.65).75 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.86(0.83).86

2.88 (0.82).86 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.89(1.48)-

4.93 (1.48)-

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.59(1.36)-

4.63 (1.33)-

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.75(1.31)-

3.74 (1.36)-

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.03(1.23)-

4.01 (1.25)-

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.17(1.23)-

4.19 (1.23)-Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

33.09(4.21)- 33.51 (4.19)-

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 4,586

145- 145 -

4,833⾲㸯㸦⥆ࡁ㸧2019 ᖺᗘ
ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

Șᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.08 (0.93)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.90 (0.96)- 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧2.88 (1.00)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

2.02 (0.96)- 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.10 (0.92)- 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.19 (0.92).86 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.39 (0.97).91཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.39 (0.61)

.89

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.32 (0.72)

.83

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.40 (1.42)

.90

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.07 (0.60).77 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.23 (0.94).89 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.25 (0.81).85 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.10 (0.85).75 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.31 (0.82).64 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧2.85 (0.68).65 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.14 (0.63).75

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.94 (0.80).87 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.96 (1.45)-

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.61 (1.32)-

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.67 (1.34)-

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.06 (1.26)-

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.15 (1.19)-

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧33.72 (4.12)-

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 4,821

146- 146 -

⾲㸰. X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠ 4 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.17(0.89)

3.22 (0.84)

3.25(0.85) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

3.00(0.94)

3.09 (0.89)

3.10(0.92) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.97(1.03)

3.06 (0.96)

2.99(1.00) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.97(0.97)

2.04 (1.01)

1.97(0.98) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.21(0.88)

3.29 (0.85)

3.29(0.88) 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.29(0.91)

2.36 (0.92)

2.41(0.91) 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.70(0.94)

2.78 (0.93)

2.83(0.88)

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.30(0.66)

3.37 (0.63)

3.39(0.63)⮬ᑛᚰ

3.33(0.72)

3.40 (0.71)

3.40(0.70)↓Ẽຊឤ

3.23(1.47)

3.20 (1.45)

3.21(1.39)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

2.94(0.65)

3.05 (0.60)

3.04(0.60) 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.50(0.96)

2.44 (0.96)

2.50(0.94) 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.37(0.76)

3.41 (0.76)

3.43(0.69) 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.09(0.85)

2.14 (0.83)

2.12(0.86) 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.23(0.77)

2.26 (0.75)

2.18(0.76) 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.72(0.71)

2.81 (0.72)

2.81(0.71) 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

2.99(0.68)

3.07 (0.65)

3.10(0.65) 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.73(0.84)

2.83 (0.82)

2.89(0.80) 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.94(1.45)

5.05 (1.46)

5.08(1.42) 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.55(1.48)

4.62 (1.43)

4.70(1.39) 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.96(1.37)

3.98 (1.44)

4.01(1.38) 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

3.91(1.27)

3.88 (1.29)

3.93(1.30) 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.15(1.27)

4.17 (1.21)

4.10(1.20)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

32.36(3.84) 33.44 (4.82) 33.26(4.41)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧

909

147- 147 -

995

915

⾲㸱. X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠ 5 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.16(0.86)

3.09 (0.90)

3.17 (0.88)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

3.04(0.90)

2.94 (0.96)

2.95 (0.93)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.95(0.99)

2.85 (1.06)

2.98 (0.99)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.92(0.92)

2.15 (1.04)

1.99 (0.96) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.19(0.88)

3.18 (0.91)

3.18 (0.89)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.25(0.91)

2.18 (0.92)

2.25 (0.89)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.53(0.93)

2.46 (0.96)

2.53 (0.92)཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.35(0.64)

3.33 (0.64)

3.38 (0.61)

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.38

(0.73)

3.35 (0.73)

3.37 (0.74)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.12

(1.42)

3.32 (1.48)

3.35 (1.45)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.02

(0.62)

3.01 (0.62)

3.03 (0.59)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.39(0.95)

2.33 (0.95)

2.31 (0.95)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.39(0.75)

3.31 (0.80)

3.30 (0.78)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.06(0.84)

1.97 (0.82)

2.07 (0.83)

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.26(0.78)

2.20 (0.76)

2.24 (0.79)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.82(0.71)

2.83 (0.71)

2.82 (0.71)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.08(0.67)

3.06 (0.68)

3.11 (0.63)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.89(0.84)

2.81 (0.82)

2.85 (0.81)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.99(1.47)

5.04 (1.48)

5.05 (1.49)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.62(1.43)

4.61 (1.37)

4.54 (1.40)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.86(1.37)

3.84 (1.38)

3.75 (1.35)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.04(1.28)

3.94 (1.27)

4.04 (1.30)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.25(1.25)

4.21 (1.28)

4.18 (1.18)

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

33.05(4.51) 33.72 (4.33) 32.49 (4.42)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 1,002

148- 148 -

1,030

1,009

⾲㸲. X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠ 6 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.00(0.95)

3.06 (0.94)

3.13 (0.89)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.89(0.96)

2.89 (0.96)

2.94 (0.92) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.77(1.03)

2.81 (1.03)

2.97 (0.97) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

2.00(0.98)

1.94 (0.94)

2.08 (0.97) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.03(0.97)

3.14 (0.91)

3.22 (0.86)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.07(0.92)

2.15 (0.90)

2.25 (0.93)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.30(0.94)

2.32 (0.93)

2.42 (0.95)

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.34(0.65)

3.42 (0.59)

3.41 (0.60)

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.34

(0.68)

3.40 (0.72)

3.39 (0.74)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.21

(1.43)

3.17 (1.40)

3.26 (1.45)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.03

(0.60)

3.02 (0.58)

3.08 (0.58)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.26(0.93)

2.27 (0.93)

2.27 (0.94)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.28(0.79)

3.30 (0.77)

3.29 (0.80)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

1.96(0.81)

2.03 (0.83)

1.93 (0.80)

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.17(0.76)

2.23 (0.81)

2.15 (0.78)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.85(0.67)

2.86 (0.69)

2.89 (0.68)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.08(0.65)

3.12 (0.61)

3.18 (0.61)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.89(0.80)

2.94 (0.80)

2.95 (0.78)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.99(1.46)

5.01 (1.50)

5.03 (1.42)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.55(1.32)

4.65 (1.36)

4.66 (1.31)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.83(1.26)

3.78 (1.34)

3.72 (1.31)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

3.96(1.20)

4.03 (1.27)

4.00 (1.26)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.20(1.22)

4.28 (1.23)

4.20 (1.21)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

31.25(3.75) 32.50 (4.04) 33.80 (4.47)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧

879

149- 149 -

1,018

1,068

⾲㸳. X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰ 1 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

2.99(0.98)

2.97 (0.97)

2.91 (0.98)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.84(0.99)

2.81 (0.98)

2.73 (0.98)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.79(1.01)

2.69 (1.03)

2.64 (1.01)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.88(0.94)

1.94 (0.93)

2.00 (0.91)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.01(0.97)

3.00 (0.95)

2.88 (0.94)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.04(0.91)

2.05 (0.92)

1.99 (0.86)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.15(0.93)

2.13 (0.93)

2.08 (0.91)

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.36(0.63)

3.37 (0.61)

3.40 (0.61)

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.27

(0.69)

3.25 (0.72)

3.23 (0.70)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.61

(1.38)

3.53 (1.39)

3.59 (1.35)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.08

(0.60)

3.08 (0.62)

3.08 (0.60)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.07(0.89)

2.04 (0.90)

2.02 (0.87)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.13(0.83)

3.16 (0.82)

3.13 (0.84) 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.27(0.84)

2.16 (0.85)

2.20 (0.84)

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.46(0.84)

2.46 (0.85)

2.47 (0.85)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.86(0.66)

2.90 (0.65)

2.85 (0.64)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.12(0.63)

3.17 (0.63)

3.13 (0.61)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.88(0.84)

2.96 (0.83)

2.98 (0.79)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.88(1.53)

4.87 (1.44)

4.91 (1.43)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.59(1.26)

4.63 (1.25)

4.53 (1.29)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.59(1.25)

3.61 (1.30)

3.44 (1.25)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.07(1.22)

4.07 (1.24)

4.21 (1.18)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.15(1.25)

4.15 (1.21)

4.10 (1.16)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

33.03(3.55) 35.03 (3.23) 34.24 (3.01)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧916

150- 150 -

869952

⾲㸴. X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰ 2 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

2019 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

ᖹᆒ್

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

2.76(1.03)

2.83 (1.02)

2.93 (1.02)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.64(1.01)

2.63 (1.04)

2.78 (1.03)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.52(1.05)

2.67 (1.02)

2.77 (1.01)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.86(0.96)

1.78 (0.92)

2.06 (1.00)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

2.84(1.00)

2.83 (1.00)

2.94 (0.99)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

1.75(0.84)

1.86 (0.91)

2.04 (0.98)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

1.84(0.86)

1.95 (0.95)

2.08 (0.96)཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.32(0.68)

3.30 (0.66)

3.39 (0.62)

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.15

(0.70)

3.19 (0.70)

3.17 (0.71)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.56

(1.35)

3.68 (1.37)

3.62 (1.39)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.08

(0.64)

3.06 (0.63)

3.14 (0.61)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.01(0.89)

1.99 (0.91)

2.03 (0.92) 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.06(0.87)

3.01 (0.88)

3.10 (0.87)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.23(0.83)

2.23 (0.88)

2.23 (0.89)

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.47(0.85)

2.54 (0.87)

2.51 (0.88)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.83(0.63)

2.87 (0.64)

2.87 (0.64)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.08(0.70)

3.07 (0.65)

3.16 (0.64)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.90(0.80)

2.85 (0.81)

3.01 (0.82)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.67(1.48)

4.66 (1.47)

4.67 (1.45)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.63(1.31)

4.63 (1.22)

4.63 (1.20)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.48(1.21)

3.48 (1.26)

3.43 (1.31)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.17(1.18)

4.13 (1.15)

4.15 (1.22)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.09(1.13)

4.13 (1.21)

4.19 (1.17)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

35.78(3.99) 33.02 (3.80) 34.95 (3.55)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧

880

151- 151 -

921

877

⾲㸵. Y ┴㸳ᕷࡢ඲ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࣭୧Ꮫᰯ✀࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ࡜ᑻᗘࡢȘಀᩘ
2017 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್Ș㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

Șᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.02(0.95)-

3.04 (0.94)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.89(0.97)-

2.88 (0.98)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.80(1.03)-

2.82 (1.03)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.92(0.95)-

1.97 (0.98)-

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.06(0.95)-

3.09 (0.94)-

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.08(0.92).80

2.13 (0.93).81 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.31(0.97).88

2.34 (0.98).89཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.34(0.65).87

3.36 (0.62)

.87

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.30

(0.71).79

3.32 (0.72)

.81

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.34

(1.42).88

3.37 (1.43)

.88

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

3.03

(0.63).74

3.04 (0.61).74 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.25(0.94).88

2.22 (0.95).88 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.25(0.81).82

3.25 (0.82).83 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.12(0.84).73

2.10 (0.85).74 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.32(0.81).57

2.33 (0.82).61 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

2.82(0.68).64

2.85 (0.69).65 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

3.07(0.67).70

3.09 (0.65).72 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.86(0.83).82

2.88 (0.82).83 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.89(1.48)-

4.93 (1.48)-

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.59(1.36)-

4.63 (1.33)-

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.75(1.31)-

3.74 (1.36)-

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.03(1.23)-

4.01 (1.25)-

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.17(1.23)-

4.19 (1.23)-Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

33.09(4.21)- 33.51 (4.19)-

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 4,586

152- 152 -

4,833

⾲㸶. Y ┴㸳ᕷࡢᑠ 4 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.28(0.84)

3.27 (0.84) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.88(0.95)

2.84 (0.95)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.88(1.03)

2.94 (1.04)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

2.02(1.00)

1.96 (0.96) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.45(0.81)

3.45 (0.81)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.27(0.84)

2.32 (0.84) 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.80(0.88)

2.81 (0.88)

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.31(0.67)

3.30 (0.69)

⮬ᑛᚰ

2.79

(0.70)

2.79 (0.71)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.04

(0.63)

3.04 (0.65)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

2.78

(0.77)

2.80 (0.79)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.00(1.40)

3.16 (1.43)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.08(0.59)

3.06 (0.60)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.40(0.59)

3.39 (0.62) 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.56(0.93)

2.53 (0.93) 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

3.44(0.71)

3.45 (0.70) 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

2.19(0.87)

2.20 (0.86)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.22(0.74)

2.27 (0.76)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

5.06(1.42)

4.97 (1.42)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.60(1.42)

4.53 (1.42)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.88(1.40)

3.85 (1.39)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

3.94(1.31)

4.01 (1.33)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.16(1.24)

4.16 (1.23)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

33.65(3.72) 34.07 (3.69)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 2,555

153- 153 -

2,373

⾲㸷. Y ┴㸳ᕷࡢᑠ 5 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.14(0.92)

3.10 (0.94)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.78(0.98)

2.70 (0.98)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.71(1.07)

2.69 (1.08)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

2.00(0.97)

1.97 (0.94)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.27(0.92)

3.26 (0.91)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.09(0.84)

2.12 (0.87)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.47(0.93)

2.41 (0.96)཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.21(0.72)

3.27 (0.73)

⮬ᑛᚰ

2.81

(0.71)

2.80 (0.71)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.04

(0.63)

3.04 (0.65)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

2.80

(0.79)

2.81 (0.80)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.15(1.41)

3.25 (1.44)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.03(0.59)

3.04 (0.60)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.35(0.63)

3.36 (0.64)

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.35(0.94)

2.35 (0.94)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

3.33(0.80)

3.33 (0.80)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

2.10(0.85)

2.10 (0.84) 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.23(0.77)

2.17 (0.80)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.99(1.46)

5.03 (1.46)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.44(1.40)

4.50 (1.39)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.63(1.37)

3.68 (1.36)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.06(1.27)

4.10 (1.29)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.10(1.28)

4.14 (1.28)

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

34.16(2.93) 33.93 (3.77)ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 2,528

154- 154 -

2,615

⾲㸯㸮. Y ┴㸳ᕷࡢᑠ 6 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.10(0.93)

3.03 (0.94)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.74(0.97)

2.65 (0.97) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.69(1.05)

2.64 (1.05)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

2.04(0.98)

2.03 (0.96) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.35(0.90)

3.27 (0.91)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

2.00(0.85)

2.06 (0.86)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.29(0.93)

2.27 (0.92)཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.20(0.70)

3.19 (0.74)

⮬ᑛᚰ

2.87

(0.66)

2.83 (0.68)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.07

(0.62)

3.09 (0.61)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

2.85

(0.79)

2.85 (0.80)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.12(1.36)

3.24 (1.36)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.06(0.58)

3.07 (0.56)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.37(0.60)

3.37 (0.62) 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.29(0.93)

2.25 (0.93) 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

3.43(0.73)

3.38 (0.74)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

2.13(0.85)

2.14 (0.84) 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.24(0.79)

2.20 (0.79)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.96(1.48)

4.91 (1.47)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.56(1.34)

4.47 (1.36)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.56(1.33)

3.55 (1.31)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.13(1.30)

4.16 (1.25)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.14(1.28)

4.12 (1.25)

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

32.56(3.55) 34.59 (3.02)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 2,496

155- 155 -

2,608

⾲㸯㸯. Y ┴㸳ᕷࡢ୰ 1 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

3.04(0.90)

3.03 (0.91)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.78(0.95)

2.72 (0.96) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.67(0.99)

2.67 (0.98)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.96(0.92)

1.91 (0.89)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.24(0.87)

3.17 (0.88)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

1.95(0.84)

1.93 (0.85)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

2.10(0.88)

2.06 (0.90)

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.03(0.71)

3.06 (0.70)

⮬ᑛᚰ

2.80

(0.65)

2.81 (0.66)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.02

(0.63)

3.03 (0.62)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

2.81

(0.77)

2.82 (0.79)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.74(1.29)

3.70 (1.32)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.02(0.59)

3.04 (0.59)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.31(0.65)

3.33 (0.62) 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

2.01(0.85)

1.95 (0.85)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

3.24(0.76)

3.17 (0.82)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

2.37(0.85)

2.30 (0.86)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.53(0.81)

2.51 (0.82)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.85(1.52)

4.84 (1.46)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.43(1.32)

4.50 (1.29)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.25(1.24)

3.32 (1.23)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.32(1.19)

4.30 (1.20)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.09(1.21)

4.08 (1.21)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

35.29(3.09) 35.38 (3.62)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 2,198

156- 156 -

2,245

⾲㸯㸰. Y ┴㸳ᕷࡢ୰ 2 ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪ
2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘᖹᆒ್ᖹᆒ್㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧

㸦ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸧 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

2.96(0.93)

2.98 (0.96) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

2.68(0.96)

2.74 (0.96) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

2.68(0.99)

2.71 (1.00)

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

1.91(0.97)

1.93 (0.92) 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

3.15(0.89)

3.12 (0.91)

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

1.87(0.85)

1.95 (0.87)

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

1.96(0.87)

2.01 (0.89)

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

3.01(0.70)

3.01 (0.72)

⮬ᑛᚰ

2.76

(0.68)

2.78 (0.66)

↓Ẽຊឤ

3.01

(0.61)

3.02 (0.64)

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

2.83

(0.78)

2.81 (0.80)

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.74(1.31)

3.84 (1.33)

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

3.04(0.58)

3.03 (0.59)

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

3.27(0.63)

3.29 (0.65)

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

1.91(0.84)

1.95 (0.86)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

3.23(0.78)

3.21 (0.78)

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

2.28(0.85)

2.35 (0.86)

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

2.51(0.83)

2.51 (0.83)

 㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.70(1.53)

4.63 (1.53)

 㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.52(1.27)

4.48 (1.25)

 㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.26(1.22)

3.25 (1.22)

 㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

4.30(1.18)

4.30 (1.17)

 㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.02(1.20)

4.04 (1.21)Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸦ே㸧

35.83(3.60) 36.12 (3.27)

ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

ឤ᝟▱ᛶࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ

N㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸧 2,172

157- 157 -

2,207㸦㸰㸧ศᯒ 2. 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ⣭ෆ┦㛵ಀᩘ (ICC) ྛ ᖺ ᗘ ࡟ ࠾ ࡅ ࡿ 㠀 ㄆ ▱ ⬟ ຊ 㛵 㐃 ࡢ ኚ ᩘ ࡢ ⣭ ෆ ┦ 㛵 ಀ ᩘ (intraclass correlation
coefficients, ICC) ࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋICC ࡣ㸪㞟ᅋ㸦Ꮫ⣭㸧ෆࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㞟ᅋෆࡢศᩓ㸦ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚື㸸σ2㸧࡜㞟ᅋ㛫ࡢศᩓ㸦ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚື㸸τ00㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ḟࡢᘧ࡛ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ICC㸻τ00÷㸦τ00㸩σ2㸧ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᏛ⣭ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢሙྜ㸪 ICC ࡢ್ࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ྛኚᩘ
ࡢ್ࡢ㢮ఝᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ㞟ᅋ㸦Ꮫ⣭㸧ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢศᩓࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝ ICC ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢຠᯝ㔞ࡣ㸪ICC ࡀ.05 ࡢሙྜࡣᑠ㸪.10 ࡢሙྜࡣ୰㸪.15 ࡢሙྜࡣ኱࡜ࡉࢀࡿ㸦Hox, 2010㸧ࠋ
X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ ICC ࢆ⾲㸯㸱࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋY ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ ICC ࢆ⾲㸯㸲࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ

158- 158 -

⾲㸯㸱. X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ඲య࡟࠾ࡅࡿᑻᗘᚓⅬࡢ ICC
୰ 1−2

ᑠ 4−6

඲య

2017

2018 2019 2017 2018 2019 2017 2018 2019

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

ᖺᗘ

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣࡍࡈ࠸㸧

.22

.19

.13

.21

.19

.19

.22

.20

.17

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣ೧࠸㸧

.17

.15

.10

.16

.15

.16

.18

.16

.14

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡢࡇ࡜ࡀዲࡁ㸧

.19

.21

.11

.23

.21

.20

.22

.22

.16

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕ࡣᛧ࠸㸧

.13

.17

.13

.15

.15

.20

.14

.17

.15

 㸦ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡟ឤㅰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧

.15

.14

.09

.18

.17

.17

.17

.17

.15

 㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

.11

.05

.06

.12

.10

.07

.14

.09

.08

 㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

.14

.13

.08

.16

.11

.08

.21

.17

.14

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

.01

.01

.02

-.01

.01

.00

.02

.02

.02

⮬ᑛᚰ

.03

.02

.02

.00

.01

.00

.02

.02

.01

↓Ẽຊឤ

.03

.02

.03

.01

.01

.01

.05

.04

.05

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

.02

.01

.03

.02

.02

.01

.04

.04

.04

 㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

.02

.01

.00

.01

.00

.01

.03

.03

.04

 㸦ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚ㸧

.02

.02

.03

.01

.02

.02

.02

.02

.02

 㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

.06

.04

.03

.02

.01

.02

.04

.03

.03

 㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

.03

.02

.02

.00

.01

.00

.02

.02

.02

 㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

.01

.03

.03

.03

.00

.02

.03

.03

.04

 㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

.03

.01

.02

.02

.00

.02

.04

.02

.03

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.04

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㸱㸬⪃ᐹ
㸦㸯㸧㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢᚓⅬኚື࡜Ᏻᐃᛶ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟㸪᫬Ⅼ㛫࡛ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢᚓⅬኚື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࠕศᯒ 1. 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࠖࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪࡝ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡶᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝
኱ࡁࡃኚືࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢಶேෆኚືࡀ
Ꮡᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᖹᆒⓗ࡞ᚓⅬኚືࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪᫬Ⅼ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ಶே࡟ࡼࡿᚓⅬኚື㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜ᚓⅬࡀపୗࡍࡿ㸭ୖ᪼ࡍࡿ࡞࡝㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪᫬Ⅼ࡟ࡼࡿᚓⅬࡢಶேෆኚື࡜ࡑࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅➨㸷❶ࡢ₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚
᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪
ࠕศᯒ 3. 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ᫬Ⅼ㛫┦㛵ࠖࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪࡝ࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ
᫬Ⅼ㛫࡛୰⛬ᗘ௨ୖࡢṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡣᙅ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୰⛬ᗘ㹼ᙉ࠸ṇࡢ┦㛵ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ᫬Ⅼ࡛ᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡣ㸪ḟ᫬Ⅼ௨㝆ࡶᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ
࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ᫬Ⅼ㛫┦㛵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰㒊ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅➨  ❶ࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
㸦㸰㸧Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᛶᮏሗ࿌᭩࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪ࠕศᯒ 2. 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ⣭ෆ┦㛵ಀᩘ 㸦ICC㸧
ࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢ
ᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࢆ♧ࡍ⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡸᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࢃࡿᣦᶆࡢ ICC ࡢຠᯝ㔞ࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ྠࡌᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀఝࡓᅇ
⟅ࢆ♧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪୍ேࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟
㛵ࡍࡿᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ࡢᚓⅬࡀఝ㏻ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡟࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⫼ᬒ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪⮬ᑛᚰ㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ICC ࡢຠᯝ㔞ࡀᑠ㹼୰⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦Big
Five㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ICC ࡢຠᯝ㔞ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡟㏆࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚື㸦ಶே࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸㸧ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ICC ࡢຠᯝ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠸ኚᩘࡶྵࡴࡶࡢࡢ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ࡢ
ᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭㛫ኚືࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⣭ࡢせᅉࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠺ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ ICC ࡢഴྥ࠿ࡽぢ࡚ࡶ㸪ᮏࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ௬ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝࡢୗ࡛ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㸦㸱㸧Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢಶே㸭Ꮫ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ┦㛵᭱ᚋ࡟㸪
ࠕศᯒ 4. 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ༢┦㛵ศᯒࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪௨㝆ࡢ
170- 170 -

ศᯒࡢணഛⓗศᯒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᫬Ⅼཬࡧ⮬἞యࡈ࡜࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛኚᩘࡢ༢┦㛵ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ྛኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྛᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㞟ィ್㸦ྜ⟬ᖹᆒᚓⅬ㸧ࢆ⟬ฟࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ┦㛵ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ୍࡛㒊ࡢኚᩘ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ᙅ࠸┦㛵㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ୍㒊ࡢኚᩘ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ᙅ࠸┦㛵ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ

ᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧ஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
Hox, J. (2010). Multilevel analysis㸸Techniques and applications(2nd ed.). New York,NY㸸Routledge Academic.
171- 171 -

⿵ㄽղ ཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃ࡜♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ㸯⠇ ◊✲ࡢព⩏࡜┠ⓗ⿵ㄽ②࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢཱྀ⭍㸦ࡇ࠺ࡃ࠺㸧ෆ⎔ቃ࡜♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡀ೺ᗣ᱁ᕪࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ὀ┠ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ཱྀ⭍ࡢ೺ᗣ᱁ᕪ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚ࡣ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࡜㱘⼃㸦࠺ࡋࡻࡃ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Costa SM
et al. 2012; Schwendicke F et al. 2015㸧ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ୡᖏᡤᚓ࡜Ꮚ౪ࡢ㱘⼃ࡢ๭ྜ࡟㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦⸨ཎ,2015㸧㸪┦⏣ ௚㸦2016㸧ࡣ㸪ṑ⛉⑌ᝈᐇែㄪ
ᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ᗂᑡᮇࢆྵࡴ඲ᖺ௦ࡢཱྀ⭍ࡢ೺ᗣ᱁ᕪࡢᐇែࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡀప࠸࡯࡝ཱྀ⭍⑌ᝈࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ(ὀ 1)ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪㈋ᅔࡣ⹢ᚅࡢࣁ࢖ࣜࢫࢡせᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸦ᕝᯇ㸦2008㸧㸧㸪⹢ᚅ࡜ཱྀ⭍≧ἣ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀࡿㄪᰝ
⤖ᯝࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦♫ᅋἲேᮾி㒔ṑ⛉་ᖌ఍(2004㸧㸧ࠋAsaka Y et al.(2020) ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࢹࣥࢱࣝࢿࢢࣞࢡࢺ㸦Ꮚ౪ࡢ⹸ṑࡢᨺ⨨㸧࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿᐙᗞࡢ≉ᚩ࡟㸪ࠕ⏕άࡢࡺ࡜ࡾࡀ࡞
࠸ࠖࠕ㸦Ꮚ౪ࡢ㸧⩦࠸ࡈ࡜ࡀ࡞࠸ࠖ࡞࡝ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱᱁ᕪࢆ⏕ࡳฟࡍせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶὀ┠ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ୍᪉
࡛㸪ᩍ⫱◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ಶேࡢᐙィ≧ἣࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᰝࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ಖㆤ⪅ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿሙྜ㸪࠸ࡎࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶㄪᰝࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ෆᐜ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢධᡭࡣᅔ㞴࡞≧ἣ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ௚᪉㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃࡢ᝟ሗࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐃᮇⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ
೺ᗣデ᩿࡟ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫᰯࡀಖ᭷࣭⟶⌮ࡍࡿධᡭࡋࡸࡍ࠸᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢព⩏ࡢ୍ࡘ࡟㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࡜ཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃࡢ㛵ಀࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ධᡭᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㔜せ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡢ௦⌮ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫᰯෆ࡟᪤ᏑࡢᏊ౪ࡢཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃ᝟ሗࢆά⏝ྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿♧၀ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ㸪୍ᐃ᫬Ⅼࢆ᩿㠃ⓗ࡟ษࡾྲྀࡗࡓࢡࣟࢫࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿ
ศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࡜ཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃࢆྠ᫬࡟ㄪᰝࡋࡓ኱つᶍ࡞᫬⣔ิࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡟࡚ྠ᫬࡟ከᩘࡢ⏕ᚐࢆほᐹࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ྠ୍ࡢᑐ㇟ࢆ⥅⥆ⓗ࡟ほᐹࡋ,グ㘓ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ㸪ྠ୍୺యࡢ᫬⣔ิࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࡚㸪」ᩘࡢほᐹ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢྠ୍ࡢほᐹᑐ㇟㸦⏕ᚐ㸧ࢆ⥔ᣢࡋࡓࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸␗㉁ᛶࡸಶయᕪࡢ⤫ไࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࢡࣟࢫࢭࢡࢩࣙࣥࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃඛ⾜◊✲ࡼࡾࡶ⢭☜࡞ᅉᯝ᥎ㄽࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㸰⠇ ࢹ࣮ࢱ
㸯㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟㏻࠺ᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ༏ྡ໬ࡋࡓ≧ែ࡛౑⏝ࡋ
ࡓࠋ8,810 ேࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㸦Ꮫᰯ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿ೺ᗣデ᩿⚊ࡢ࠺ࡕṑ⛉᳨デ㸦ṑཱྀ࣭⭍㸧⤖ᯝࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧࡜♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ㸦A ᕷ࡛ᖺ࡟ 2 ᅇᐇ᪋ࡍࡿᏊ౪ࡢ㈋ᅔࡢᐇែ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧ࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓࠋ1 ே࡟ᑐࡋ࡚༙ᖺ࡟ 1 ᗘࡢㄪ172- 172 -

ᰝࢆ 3 ᖺ㛫⾜࠸㸪ྜィ 52,860 ௳ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆᚓࡓࠋ
㸰㸬ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿ㡯┠♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡢ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⏕άಖㆤࡢ᭷↓㸪ඣ❺ᢇ㣴ᡭᙜ㸦ࡦ࡜ࡾぶ㸧ࡢ᭷↓㸪ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࡢ᭷↓㸪㠀ㄢ⛯ୡᖏ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪⹢ᚅ┦ㄯࡢ᭷↓㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࠿୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿㸪ᛶู㸪ᖺᗘ࡛ࡢᖺ㱋ࢆศᯒ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓࠋཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃࡢ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ṑิ࣭ညྜ㸦ࡇ࠺ࡈ࠺㸧ࡢ≧ែ㸦ၥ㢟࠶ࡾ࣭࡞ࡋ࡟஧್໬㸧㸪ṑᇈ㸦ࡋࡇ࠺㸧ࡢ≧ែ㸦ၥ㢟࠶ࡾ࣭࡞ࡋ࡟஧್
໬㸧㸪ࠕஙṑࡢࡳࠖࠕỌஂṑࡢࡳࠖࠕ඲࡚ࡢṑࠖࡢ㱘⼃ࡢ᭷↓㸦㱘⼃࠶ࡾ࣭࡞ࡋ࡟஧್
໬㸧ࢆศᯒ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓ(ὀ 2)ࠋ
⾲㸯 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞
ほ

ᩘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

᭱ᑠ್

୰ኸ್

᭱኱್

⏕άಖㆤ

52,860

0.007

0.082

0

0

1

ඣ❺ᢇ㣴ᡭᙜ

52,860

0.058

0.233

0

0

1

ᑵᏛ᥼ຓ

52,860

0.103

0.304

0

0

1

㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙ

52,860

0.101

0.301

0

0

1

⹢ᚅ┦ㄯ

52,860

0.011

0.103

0

0

1

ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ

52,860

0.125

0.331

0

0

1

ᛶูྡ⛠

52,860

0.475

0.499

0

0

1

ᖺᗘᖺ㱋

52,860

9.932

2.065

7

10

14

ṑิ࣭ညྜ

52,860

0.134

0.340

0

0

1

ṑᇈࡢ≧ែ

52,860

0.134

0.340

0

0

1

ஙṑ㱘⼃

52,860

0.322

0.467

0

0

1

Ọஂṑ㱘⼃

52,860

0.120

0.325

0

0

1

඲㱘⼃

52,860

0.384

0.486

0

0

1

㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧㸱⠇ ศᯒ᪉ἲ
ᮏ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ඲࡚⤖ྜࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪᫬⣔ิᛶࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ
࠺ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ศᯒࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣಶேࢆ」ᩘ᫬Ⅼ࡟Ώࡗ࡚㏣㊧ㄪᰝࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪᫬⣔ิᛶࢆᣢࡘࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺᪉ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡓࠋࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ࡛
ࡣ㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ㸪ࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡢ࠸ࡎࢀࡀ㐺ษ࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࠿
ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸ࠋF ᳨ᐃ㸪Hausman ᳨ᐃ㸪Breusch and Pagan ᳨ᐃࢆ⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟᭱㐺࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆồࡵࡓࠋồࡵࡓࣔࢹࣝࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪㱘⼃ࡢ᭷↓࡜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢせ⣲ࡢ㛵
173- 173 -

㐃ᛶࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࡣ㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡟ೌ࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ
ࡓࠋ┠ⓗኚᩘࡢタᐃ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ, ⤒῭≧ἣࡀᝏ࠸࡜㱘⼃࡟࡞ࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ᅉᯝࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪
ࡑࡢ㏫ࡀᡂࡾ❧ࡘ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, 㱘⼃ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ┠ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ㡯┠ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⤫ィⓗ᭷ពỈ‽ࡣ඲࡚ p < 0.05 ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸲⠇ ศᯒ⤖ᯝ㸯㸬ᮏ◊✲࡛᥇⏝ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢ᳨ウ
Breusch and Pagan ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ p < 0.0001 ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾࡶኚ㔞ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪F ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ p < 0.0001 ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࣉ࣮ࣜࣥࢢᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾࡶᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪Hausman ᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ p < 0.0001 ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾࡶᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡀ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀ
ࡓࠋ௨ୖ୕ࡘࡢ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡿࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡀ᭱ࡶ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㸰㸬ศᯒ⤖ᯝ
ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪㱘⼃ࡢ᭷↓࡜᭷ព࡟㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓせ⣲ࡣ㸪ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࡢ᭷↓㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࠿୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽ࠿㸪ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡛ࡢᖺ㱋㸪ṑิညྜࡢ≧ែ㸪ṑᇈࡢ≧ែ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᛶูࡣඹ⥺ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺㝿ࡣ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ174- 174 -

⾲㸰 ஙṑ㱘⼃ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦ᢤ⢋㸧


ஙṑ㱘⼃

Coef.

Std. Err.

t

P>t

⏕άಖㆤ

0.065

0.057

1.14

0.253

ඣ❺ᢇ㣴ᡭᙜ

0.018

0.019

0.93

0.350

ᑵᏛ᥼ຓ

0.042

0.014

3.05

0.002 **

㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙ

-0.009

0.010

-0.93

0.354

⹢ᚅ┦ㄯ

-0.014

0.031

-0.44

0.659

ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ

-0.1190.006-19.260.000 ***

ᖺᗘᖺ㱋

-0.0370.002-19.650.000 ***

ṑิညྜ

-0.005

0.006

-0.97

0.332

ṑᇈࡢ≧ែ

0.035

0.005

6.72

0.000 ***

_cons

0.700

0.019

37.40

0.000 ****** : p < 0.001, ** : p < 0.01, * : p < 0.05
㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧⾲㸱 Ọஂṑ㱘⼃ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦ᢤ⢋㸧
Ọஂṑ㱘⼃

Coef.

Std. Err.

t⏕άಖㆤ-0.050

0.044

-1.13

0.257

ඣ❺ᢇ㣴ᡭᙜ

0.015

0.015

0.99

0.320

ᑵᏛ᥼ຓ

-0.017

0.011

-1.65

0.100

㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙ

0.015

0.008

1.88

0.061

⹢ᚅ┦ㄯ

-0.004

0.024

-0.15

0.878

ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ

0.051

0.005

10.67

0.000 ***

ᖺᗘᖺ㱋

0.027

0.001

18.24

0.000 ***

ṑิညྜ

-0.016

0.004

-3.69

0.000 ***

ṑᇈࡢ≧ែ

0.042

0.004

10.46

0.000 ***

_cons

-0.1580.015-10.880.000 ****** : p < 0.001, ** : p < 0.01, * : p < 0.05
㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧

175- 175 -

P>t⾲㸲 ඲࡚ࡢṑࡢ㱘⼃ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦ᢤ⢋㸧
඲㱘⼃

Coef.

Std. Err.

t

P>t

⏕άಖㆤ

-0.023

0.060

-0.38

0.701

ඣ❺ᢇ㣴ᡭᙜ

0.031

0.020

1.50

0.134

ᑵᏛ᥼ຓ

0.030

0.014

2.09

0.037 *

㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙ

0.004

0.011

0.35

0.729

⹢ᚅ┦ㄯ

-0.006

0.033

-0.17

0.863

ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ

-0.019

0.007

-2.97

0.003 **

ᖺᗘᖺ㱋

-0.018

0.002

-8.73

0.000 ***

ṑิညྜ

-0.012

0.006

-2.04

0.041 *

ṑᇈࡢ≧ែ

0.058

0.006

10.47

0.000 ***

_cons

0.551

0.020

27.70

0.000 ****** : p < 0.001, ** : p < 0.01, * : p < 0.05
㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧㸳⠇ ⪃ᐹ
ᮏ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿᑵᏛ᥼ຓࡢ᭷↓࡜, ཱྀ⭍ෆ⎔ቃࢆ཯ᫎࡍࡿ
㱘⼃ࡢ᭷↓࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢆཷࡅጞࡵࡿ࡜ᑗ᮶ⓗ࡟㱘⼃ࡀቑຍࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, ᙜヱࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟ࡣṑ⛉ཷデࢆዡບࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ
࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪⏕άಖㆤ㸪ඣ❺ᢇ㣴ᡭᙜ㸪㠀ㄢ⛯ୡᖏࡣ㱘⼃࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣᑵᏛᨭ᥼࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ᡭཌ࠸ಖㆤ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ಖㆤ⪅ཬࡧᏊ౪ࡀṑ⛉ࢆཷデࡍࡿవ⿱ࡀぢ㎸ࡲࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, 㱘⼃࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⹢ᚅ┦ㄯ࡜㱘⼃ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚, ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞
ࡗࡓ⮬἞యࡢᆅᇦ≉ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡀྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪እぢⓗ≉ᚩ㸦୙⾨⏕㸪᛼㸦࠾ࡧ㸧࠼㸪↓Ẽຊ࡞࡝㸧ࡣ௒ᅇࡢศᯒࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡣྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⹢ᚅ┦ㄯࡢ᭷↓ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ㱘⼃࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
௒ᅇࡣ≉ᐃࡢᆅ᪉⮬἞య࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪௒ᚋࡶ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚᫬⣔ิࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⵳✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪඲ᅜつᶍ࡛ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᑵᏛ᥼ຓࡢ᭷↓ࡢ௦⌮ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㱘⼃ࡢ᭷↓ࢆά⏝ྍ⬟࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡶྵࡵ, ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿศ
ᯒࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ

ྂࠎᮏ୍㤿㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧኱ᕝ⋹ዉ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧

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௰㔝࿴ᙪ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ㸧ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸᔱ⿱Ꮚ㸦ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㸧ጒᑿ΅㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧

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ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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Aida J, Ando Y, Aoyama H et al.: An ecological study on the association of public dental
health activities and sociodemographic characteristics with caries prevalence inJapanese 3-year-old children. Caries Res 40: 466–472, 2006.
Asaka Y, Sekine M, Yamada M, Tatsuse T. Associations of socioeconomic status andlifestyle factors with dental neglect of elementary school children: the MEXT Super
Shokuiku School Project.Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, volume 25,
Article number: 73,2020
Costa SM, Martins CC, Bonfim Mde L et al.: A systematic review of socioeconomic
indicators and dental caries in adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 9: 3540–3574,
2012.
Schwendicke F, Dorfer CE, Schlattmann P et al.: Socioeconomic Inequality and Caries:
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Dent Res 94: 10–18, 2015.
Soares LFB, Allen P, Bettiol S et al.: The Association of Socioeconomic Status andDental Caries Experience in Children in Dili, Timor-Leste. Asia Pac J Public Health.
28(7): 620-628, 2016.
ෆ㛶ᗓᨻ⟇⤫ᣓᐁ㸦ඹ⏕♫఍ᨻ⟇ᢸᙜ㸧㸦2020㸧ࠗ௧࿴ඖᖺᗘ Ꮚ౪ࡢ㈋ᅔᐇែㄪᰝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ሗ࿌᭩࠘.
┦⏣₶, Ᏻ⸨㞝୍, ᰗ⃝ᬛோ㸦2016㸧ࠗࣛ࢖ࣇࢫࢸ࣮ࢪ࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏேࡢཱྀ⭍ࡢ೺ᗣ᱁ᕪࡢ
ᐇែ㸸ṑ⛉⑌ᝈᐇែㄪᰝ࡜ᅜẸ⏕άᇶ♏ㄪᰝ࠿ࡽཱྀ࠘⭍⾨⏕Ꮫ఍㞧ㄅ,66(5), 458-464.
ᕝᯇு(2008)ࠕ ඣ❺┦ㄯᡤ࠿ࡽぢࡿᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ⹢ᚅ࡜㈋ᅔ―⹢ᚅࡢࣁ࢖ࣜࢫࢡせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢ㈋ᅔ―ࠖὸ஭᫓ኵ࣭ᯇᮏఀ▱ᮁ࣭‫ࠗⴭ⦅⨾┤⃝‮‬Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔ―Ꮚ࡝ࡶ᫬௦ࡢࡋ࠶ࢃࡏ
ᖹ➼ࡢࡓࡵ࡟―࠘᫂▼᭩ᗑ♫ᅋἲேᮾி㒔ṑ⛉་ᖌ఍(2004)ࠗඣ❺⹢ᚅ㜵Ṇ࣐ࢽࣗ࢔ࣝ ―࠿࠿ࡾࡘࡅṑ⛉་ࡢᙺ๭―࠘ ୍ୡ༳ๅ
♫ᅋἲே ୕㔜┴ṑ⛉་ᖌ఍㸦2006㸧ࠗṑ⛉་ࡢ❧ሙ࠿ࡽࡢඣ❺⹢ᚅ㜵Ṇ࡜Ꮚ⫱࡚ᨭ᥼࠘.
⟄஭῟ஓ, Ỉⴠṇ᫂, ಖ⏣᫬⏨㸦2016㸧ࠗࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄪᰝ࡜ศᯒ࣭ධ㛛࠘ࢼ࢝ࢽࢩࣖ
ฟ∧.
᪂㔛ἲᏊ, ␒໶㇂⥤Ꮚ, ኱㇂⪽Ꮚ, ஬⸨⣖Ꮚ, ᒾᮏඃᏊ, ᒣ㷂೺ḟ, 㤶すඞஅ㸦2012㸧୍ࠗ᫬ಖㆤࡉࢀࡓ⿕⹢ᚅඣ❺ࡢཱྀ⭍ෆ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࠘ ᑠඣṑ⛉Ꮫ㞧ㄅ, 50(3), 237−242.
⸨ཎṊ⏨ (2015)ࠕᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔࢆࣔࢽࢱࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡁࡿ೺ᗣᣦᶆࡢ᳨ウࠖཌ⏕ປാ⛉Ꮫ◊✲㈝⿵ຓ㔠ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ᥎㐍◊✲஦ᴗ㸦ᨻ⟇⛉Ꮫ᥎㐍◊✲஦ᴗ㸧ࠗᏊ࡝ࡶࡢ㈋ᅔࡢᐇែ࡜
177- 177 -

ᣦᶆࡢᵓ⠏࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲࠘ᖹᡂ 26 ᖺᗘ⥲ᣓ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸦◊✲௦⾲⪅ 㜿㒊ᙬ㸧, 143154.
ᯇᾆᑑᖾ㸦2015㸧ࠗStata ࡟ࡼࡿࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒධ㛛 ➨㸰∧࠘ᮾிᅗ᭩.

ὀ1 Ꮫ㱋ᮇࡢỌஂṑ㱘⼃⤒㦂ࡣ㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡀప࠸࡯࡝ከ࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᗂඣᮇࡢゎᯒᑐ㇟⪅ᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ᗂඣᮇࡢஙṑ㱘⼃⤒㦂࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫂☜࡞ഴྥࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋ௚ࡢඛ⾜◊✲㸦Aida et al(2006)㸧࡛ࡣ㸪3 ṓඣࡢஙṑ㱘⼃᭷⑓≧ἣ࡟♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࡢ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2 㱘⼃ࡣஙṑࡢ⬺ⴠࡸỌஂṑࡢⴌฟ࡟క࠸, ẕᩘࡀኚࢃࡗ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓ
ࡵ, 㱘⼃ࡣࠕஙṑࡢࡳࠖࠕỌஂṑࡢࡳࠖࠕ඲࡚ࡢ㱘⼃ࠖ࡟ศ㢮ࡋࡓࠋṑᇈࡢ≧ែࡣṑ⫗ࡢ≧ែ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ, 㧗࠸┦㛵ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ, ṑ⫗ࡢ≧ែࡣㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ, ṑᇈࡢ≧ែ, 㱘⼃ࡢ≧ែࡣ஧್໬ࡋ, ಖㆤ⪅࡟ࡼࡿཱྀ⭍ࢣ࢔ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝
࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࡛ホ౯ࡋࡓࠋ178- 178 -

➨㸰㒊 ᛂ⏝ศᯒ⦅‫ە‬Ꮫຊ⦅
➨㸱❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸫ࣃࢿࣝศᯒ
㸯⠇ ; ┴ $ ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣃࢿࣝศᯒ
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㸯㸬ᗎㄽ

ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ࣃࢿࣝศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ㄪᰝᮇ㛫୰࡟ኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠸ࡀࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᒓᛶࡀศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀෆ⏕ᛶࢆᣢࡘሙྜ࡟⏕ࡌࡿ᥎ᐃୖࡢࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟, ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡶヨࡳࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪➨㸯❶㸯⠇࡛㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪ࡓࡕࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸪≉࡟ᐙᗞࡢ⤒῭ⓗ≧ែࡀᏛ⩦ᡂᯝ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠ࡟ࡼࡾ
⦆࿴ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡶ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࡸ♫఍ⓗᡂ㛗࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏛ⣭⦅ไࡢᶆ‽㸦1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢ⏕ᚐᩘࡢୖ㝈㸧ࡀᏛ⩦㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍ࡜ࡋ࡚㐺ษ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆၥ࠺◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᾏእࡣࡶ࡜ࡼࡾ㸪ᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᡓᚋᮇ࠿ࡽ㏆ᖺ࡟⮳ࡿࡲ࡛㛗ࡃ⵳✚ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪1950 ᖺ௦௨㝆⣼ḟ࡟ࢃࡓࡿබ❧ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸪㧗➼Ꮫᰯᩍ⫋ဨࡢࠕᐃᩘᨵၿࠖࡀ㸪୺࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠ࡜࠸࠺ᙧ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀ
ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㏆ᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⟬ᐃࡉࢀࡓᩍ⫋ဨᐃᩘࡢ୰࡛㒔㐨ᗓ┴ࡀᙎຊⓗ࡟ᩍ⫋ဨࢆ㓄⨨ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪⊂⮬࡟ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࢆᐇ⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᆅᇦࡀฟ࡚ࡁࡓ
ࡇ࡜࡟ຍ࠼㸪EBPM㸦Evidence-based Policy Making: ⛉Ꮫⓗ᰿ᣐ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣドᣐ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃᨻ⟇❧᱌)ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿㄆ㆑ࡀ㧗ࡲࡾ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢຠᯝࢆ⛉Ꮫⓗ࡟᳨ドࡋࡓ◊✲࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡀ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
1950 ᖺ௦࠿ࡽ 90 ᖺ௦ࡢ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ◊✲ࢆࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡋࡓᮡỤ(1996)ࡣ㸪ᖜᗈ࠸◊✲ᡂᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ࠕᏛ⣭ࡢ㐺ṇつᶍࢆ୍ᚊ࡟Ỵࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡾከᵝ࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗ᮲௳ࡢୗ࡛ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶព⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠖ
㸦p.179㸧࡜ᣦ᦬ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ࠕᏛ⣭ࢆ༢఩
࡜ࡋࡓᏛ⩦ᣦᑟἲ࡟ࡼࡿሙྜࡣ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢ⛉┠࡛ 20㹼30 ྡつᶍࡢᏛ⣭ࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ෆᐜࡢ⩦ᚓࡢୖ࡛ຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢつᶍࡣࡲࡓ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ┦஫స⏝࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡿከ
ᵝ࡞⤒㦂ࡢ⩦ᚓࢆࡶぢ㎸ࡵࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠖ
㸦p.179-180㸧࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ(ὀ 1)ࠋࡇࡢ᫬ᮇ
ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪◊✲ᡭἲࡢጇᙜᛶࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽぢࢀࡤᚲࡎࡋࡶ༑ศ࡛࡞࠸࡜ุ᩿ࡏ
ࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡶᩓぢࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᖜᗈ࠸どⅬ࠿ࡽከᩘࡢᐇドⓗ◊✲ࡀᅜෆ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ◊✲࡬ࡢ㛗ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ㛵ᚰࡢ㧗ࡉࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺(ὀ2㸧ࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞㛵ᚰࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࡢ⠇࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡢᑠ୰Ꮫᰯࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡍ
ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ḟࡢ㸰㸬࡛ࡣࡇࡇ࡛⏝࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ྠᵝ࡟࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᩚ⌮ࡍࡿࠋ㸱㸬࡛ࡣᮏ⠇ࡀศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸲㸬࡛ࡣ㸪ࢡࣟࢫࢭࢡ
ࢩࣙࣥࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ᤼㝖ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒࢆᛂ⏝ࡋࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀෆ⏕ᛶࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ᑐฎࡋࡓศᯒࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ㸳㸬࡛⤖ㄽཬࡧ⪃ᐹࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ

179- 179 -

㸰㸬ඛ⾜◊✲
࣐࢖ࢡࣟࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿヨࡳࡢᄏ▮㸦ࡇ࠺ࡋ㸧࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪
Angrist and Lavy (1999)࡛࠶ࡿࠋAngrist ࡽࡣ㸪࢖ࢫ࢚ࣛࣝࡢබ❧ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭⦅ไࡀ㸪1 ࢡ
ࣛࢫ 40 ྡࢆୖ㝈࡜ࡍࡿ࣮ࣝࣝ㸦Maimonides’ rule㸧࡟ᚑࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆά⏝ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟ཬࡰࡍᅉᯝຠᯝࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ࡟ᚑ࠼ࡤ㸪1 Ꮫᖺࡢேᩘࡀ 40 ே࠿ࡽ 41 ே࡟ቑ࠼ࡿ࡜ࡁ㸪1 Ꮫᖺࡢࢡࣛࢫᩘࡣ 1 ࢡࣛࢫ࠿ࡽ 2 ࢡࣛࢫ࡟ቑ࠼㸪ᖹᆒᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ 40 ே࠿ࡽ 20.5 ே࡬࡜ῶᑡࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢᏛᖺேᩘࡢኚື࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢእ⏕ⓗ࡞ኚືࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ Angrist ࡽࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡣ➨ 3 Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟ࡣᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡉ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪➨ 4 ཬࡧ➨ 5 Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢆ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡟ୖ᪼ࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ◊✲⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᙼࡽࡀ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ⤫ィⓗศᯒᡭἲࡀ᫂ᛌ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚௚ᅜ࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢᏛ⣭⦅ไ࣮ࣝࣝࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᚋ⥆ࡢ◊✲ᡂᯝࢆᩘከࡃ⏕ࡳฟࡍࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓ(ὀ 3)ࠋ᪥ᮏ࡟ࡶྠᵝࡢ࣮ࣝࣝ㸦Ꮫ⣭⦅ไࡢᶆ‽㸧ࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣୖ㏙
ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ Angrist ࡽࡢศᯒᡭἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓ◊✲ᡂᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ
Akabayashi and Nakamura (2014)ࡣ㸪ᶓ὾ᕷࡢᏛᰯ༢఩ࡢ㞟ィࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪
Angrist ࡽࡢศᯒᡭἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛຊ㸦ࢸࢫࢺࡢᖹᆒⅬ㸧ࡢ 2 ᫬Ⅼ㛫ࡢኚ໬ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡀᑠᏛ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢆ
ྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋHojo (2013)ࡣ㸪ᅜ㝿ᩘᏛ࣭⌮⛉ᩍ⫱ືྥㄪᰝ㸦TIMSS:
Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study㸧ࡢᅜෆㄪᰝ⤖ᯝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ⦰ᑠࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡀᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘཬࡧ⌮⛉ࡢᏛຊࢆⱝᖸ
ྥୖࡉࡏࡿຠᯝࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡀᑠつᶍᏛᰯࡢᑡேᩘᏛ⣭㸦࠾࠾ࡴࡡ 1 Ꮫ⣭ 22 ྡ௨ୗ㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢᏛຊྥୖ
ຠᯝࡣ㸪⌧௦ࡢ᪥ᮏࡢᏛᰯ஦᝟࡟↷ࡽࡋྜࢃࡏࢀࡤᴟࡵ࡚ᑠࡉ࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿつᶍࡢᏛ⣭࡟࠾࠸࡚᫂░࡟ほᐹࡉࢀ㸪㏻ᖖ⪃࠼࠺ࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ኱ࡁ࡞ຠᯝࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢᏛຊྥୖຠᯝࢆྰᐃࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪
30 ྡ๓ᚋࡢ⌧ᐇⓗ࡞Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ⦰ᑠࡢຠᯝࡀ⌧ࢀ࡟ࡃ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
ḟ࡟㸪Ꮫຊ௨እࡢഃ㠃࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓ◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Hojo (2013)࡜ྠࡌ TIMSS
ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ஧ᮌ(2013)ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ஧ᮌࡣ㸪TIMSS ࡢ⏕ᚐཬࡧᩍᖌ㉁ၥ⣬ࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠࠿ࡽ㸪ពḧࡸ⮬ಙ㸪⯆࿡㛵ᚰ࡞࡝ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊኚᩘࢆᅉᏊศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚సᡂࡋ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢኚᩘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ⦰ᑠࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᅉᯝຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡣ୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿຠᯝࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᩘᏛ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
⮬ಙࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㛵ᮾᆅ᪉ࡢ࠶ࡿ┴ࡢ኱つᶍࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ
ά⏝ࡋࡓ Ito et al. (2019)ࡣ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿᏛຊྥୖຠᯝࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 10 ྡ⦰ᑠ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚೫ᕪ್ 0.5 ୖ᪼㸧㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡣ㸪໅ຮࡉࡸ⮬ไᚰ㸪⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≉ᛶ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ఀ⸨௚
(2017)ࡣ㸪୰㒊ᆅ᪉ࡢ୰つᶍ㒔ᕷࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸦ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ㸧ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᜳⓙ㸦ࡋࡗ࠿࠸㸧ࡢ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀ
Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᩍᖌࡸ཭ே࠿ࡽࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆῶᑡࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘࢆ㧗ࡵ
180- 180 -

ࡿࡇ࡜➼ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᾏእࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢຠᯝ࡟␗㉁ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ
Krueger (1999)ࡣ㸪⡿ᅜࢸࢿࢩ࣮ᕞ࡛ 1980 ᖺ௦࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᐇ㦂㸦STAR
Project㸧ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋ, ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᏛຊྥୖຠ
ᯝࡣ, ே✀ⓗ࣐࢖ࣀࣜࢸ࢕ࡸ⤒῭ⓗ㈋ᅔᒙࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Hojo and Senoh (2019)ࡣࠕ඲ᅜᏛຊᏛ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝࠖࡢࡁࡵ⣽࠿࠸ㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚,ྠᵝࡢ᳨ドࢆ⾜࠸㸪᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸦SES㸧ࡢప࠸⏕ᚐࡀከ࠸Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢᏛຊྥୖຠᯝࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ඛ࡟ࡶ㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᒓᛶࡀ᥎ᐃ࡟
ཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ᤼㝖࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢෆ⏕ᛶ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࡃ஘せᅉࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡶᑐฎࡋࡓ
ศᯒࡶồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋඛ⾜◊✲ࡢከࡃ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢၥ㢟ࡀฎ⌮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᑐฎࡋࡓ
ศᯒࢆヨࡳࡿࠋ
㸱㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫㄝࡍࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ X ┴ A ᕷ࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡓ 2014 ᖺ
࠿ࡽ 2018 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ༢఩ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡣẸ㛫௻ᴗࡀᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᡂ⦼ࡢ⤒ᖺኚ໬ࡀ㏣㊧ྍ⬟࡞ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪A ᕷࡀᒓࡍࡿ X ┴ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࡢ≉ᚩ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿ࡜㸪2019 ᖺᗘࡢ඲ᅜᏛຊ࣭Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑠᏛᰯࡢ඲ᅜࡢබ❧Ꮫᰯࡢᅜㄒࡢᖹᆒṇ⟅⋡ࡀ 63.8㸣㸪⟬ᩘࡀ 66.6%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪X ┴ࡣᖹᆒࡼࡾࡸࡸຎࡿ⛬ᗘࡢṇ⟅⋡࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒࡢᖹᆒṇ⟅⋡ࡀ 72.8㸣㸪ᩘᏛࡀ 59.8%࡛࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࡸࡸຎࡿṇ⟅⋡࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᩍ⫱ᡂᯝࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㸪඲ᅜࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ
‽೫ᕪࢆ⏝࠸࡚೫ᕪ್࡟᥮⟬ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ౑⏝ࡍࡿ⛉┠ࡣᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣᅜㄒ㸪♫఍㸪⟬ᩘ㸪⌮⛉㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣᅜㄒ㸪♫఍㸪ᩘᏛ㸪⌮⛉㸪ⱥㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣᩍ⫱ᡂᯝࢆࡿࡓࡵ࡟୺せ࡞⛉┠࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ࡚࡚࠸ࡿⅬ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢᖜᗈ࠸ඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟≉ᚩࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢグ㏙⤫ィࡣ⾲㸯ཬࡧ⾲㸰࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃ
ྛ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≉ᛶࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚ᅛᐃຠᯝ᥎ᐃ࡜ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Angrist et al. (2019) ࡛ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᧯స
ኚᩘἲ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃࡶేࡏ࡚ヨࡳࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧᥎ᐃࡢ᪉ἲ
࠶ࡿ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ḟࡢ᥎ᐃᘧࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
181- 181 -

=β +β
ࡇࡇ࡛

+β

+β

+β

+β

+μ +μ +μ +εࡣ㸪࠶ࡿᖺᗘ ࡟Ꮫᰯ 㸪Ꮫᖺ ࡟ᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐ ࡀᅾ⡠ࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘ㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐ ࡢᛶู㸪ࡣᙜヱᖺᗘ࣭Ꮫᰯ࣭Ꮫᖺࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⥲ᩘ㸪μ ࡜μ ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ᫬Ⅼ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸Ꮫᰯ
ཬࡧᏛᖺࡢᅛ᭷ࡢຠᯝ㸪μ ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢಶேຠᯝ㸪εࡣಶேࡈ࡜࡟ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮໬ࡉࢀࡓ

ศᩓඹศᩓ⾜ิࢆᣢࡘᮇᚅ್ 0 ࡢㄗᕪ㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᘧ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࣛࣥࢲ
࣒ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢࣟࣂࢫࢺ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࣟࣂࢫࢺ᥎ᐃࡢሙྜࡣ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ㑅ᢥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
୍⯡ⓗ࡞ࣁ࢘ࢫ᳨࣐ࣥᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣಶேຠ
ᯝμ ࡜௚ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡀ↓┦㛵࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢ↓┦㛵ᛶࢆᖐ↓௬ㄝ࡜ࡋ᳨࡚ᐃ (ὀ 4)ࢆ⾜࠸㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢࣔࢹࣝࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆุ᩿ࡍࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ෆ⏕ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚㸪᧯సኚᩘἲ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃࡶేࡏ࡚ヨ
ࡳࡿࠋA ᕷ࡛ࡣᅜෆࡢ௚⮬἞య࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚ 1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢᖹᆒඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡀ 40ྡ௨ୗ㸦ࡓࡔࡋᑠᏛ 1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡣ 35 ྡ௨ୗ㸧࡜࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫ⣭ᩘࡀỴࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢไᗘ
࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ 1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾᖹᆒඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡢண

=

int[(

್

ࡣḟᘧ࡛ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ

− 1)/40] + 1

ྑ㎶ศẕࡢint[ ]ࡣᣓᘼෆࡢᩚᩘ㒊ศࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ₇⟬Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᑠᏛ 1 ᖺ⏕ཬࡧ 2ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᣓᘼෆࡢ 40 ࢆ 35 ࡟⨨ࡁ᥮࠼࡚ィ⟬ࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢண

್ࢆ᧯సኚᩘ࡜

ࡋ࡚㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࡢண

್࡜ᐇ㝿ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣᅗ㸯ࡢࢢࣛࣇ࡟♧ࡍ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྛࢢࣛࣇࡢ୕ゅࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࢆ♧ࡋ㸪୸ࡢ࣐࣮࣮࢝ࡣ

ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋୖグࡢィ⟬ᡭ㡰࠿ࡽศ࠿ࡿ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤ࠶ࡿᏛᖺࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࡀ 40 ྡ࠿ࡽ 41 ྡ࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭ᩘࡀ 1 Ꮫ⣭࠿ࡽ 2 Ꮫ⣭࡟ቑ࠼㸪ᖹᆒᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ 40 ྡ࠿ࡽ 20.5 ྡ࡬࡜ῶࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࡞ࡿࠋࢢࣛࣇࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪ᐇ㝿ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡣఝࡓ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀศ࠿ࡿ(ὀ 5)ࠋ
㸦㸰㸧඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡲࡎ㸪⾲㸱࡟♧ࡋࡓ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ A ᕷෆࡢබ❧୰
Ꮫᰯ 8 ᰯࡢ 1 ᖺ⏕࡜ 2 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᥎ᐃᑐ㇟ࡢ⛉┠ࡣᅜㄒ㸪♫఍㸪ᩘᏛ㸪⌮⛉㸪ⱥㄒࡢ 5⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ྠࡌヨ㦂ࢆཷࡅࡓ඲ᅜࡢཷ㦂⪅࠿ࡽ⟬ฟࡉࢀࡓ೫ᕪ್ࢆ
⏝࠸ࡿࠋ୺せ࡞ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ⏕ᚐ ࡀᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ⏕ᚐᩘ(ὀ 6)࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ௚ࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྛ⏕ᚐࡢᛶู㸪Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘ(ὀ 7)㸪Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮㸪ཬࡧᏛᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ಶேຠᯝμ ࡢ↓┦㛵ᛶࢆ᳨ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡇ
ࢁ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᖐ↓௬ㄝࡣ᭷ពỈ‽ 0.01 ࡛Რ༷ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㛫࡟┦㛵ࢆ௬ᐃࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᪉ࡀጇᙜ࡜ุ᩿࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣᅛᐃ
ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪᧯సኚᩘἲ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ྠᵝ࡟ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡍࠋ௨ୗࡢᩥ୰࡛ࡣ㸪๓⪅ࢆᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸪
182- 182 -

ᚋ⪅ࢆ᧯సኚᩘἲࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡜࿧ࡪࠋ
᭱ึ࡟⾲ᕥࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪඲⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ
್ࡣ㈇࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᅜㄒ㸪ᩘᏛ㸪♫఍㸪ⱥㄒࡢ 4 ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪ྛ⛉┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡀపୗࡍࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࠋಀᩘࡀ᭷ព࡟᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ
4 ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 1 ༢఩ᙜࡓࡾࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢపୗᖜࡀ᭱ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢࡣ♫఍㸦0.137㸧㸪⥆࠸࡚ᅜㄒ㸦-0.111㸧㸪ⱥㄒ㸦-0.104㸧㸪ᩘᏛ㸦-0.078㸧ࡢ㡰࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪⾲ྑ࡟♧ࡋࡓ᧯సኚᩘ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪ᅜㄒ㸪♫఍㸪ⱥㄒࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣᅛ
ᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㈇㸪ᅜㄒ࡜ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣṇ࡛㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌮⛉ࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡶྠᵝ࡟኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪10%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡟ṇ㸦0.291㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ᩘᏛࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡢࡳࡣ㏫࡟ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪᭷ព࡟㈇㸦-0.215㸧
࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡅࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡣᩘᏛࡢᡂ⦼ࢆୗࡆࡿ཯㠃㸪⌮⛉ࡢᡂ⦼ࢆୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣᩘᏛ࡛ࡣୖ᪉ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ㸪௚ࡢ 4 ⛉┠࡛ࡣୗ᪉ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ゎ㔘ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋḟ࡟㸪⾲㸲࡟♧ࡋࡓᑠᏛᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡼ࠺ࠋࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ A ᕷෆࡢබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ 14ᰯࡢ඲ඣ❺࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᥎ᐃᑐ㇟ࡢ⛉┠ࡣᅜㄒ㸪♫఍㸪⟬ᩘ㸪⌮⛉ࡢ 4 ⛉┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘࡢヨ㦂ࡣ඲ඣ❺ࡀཷ㦂ࡍࡿࡀ㸪♫఍࡜⌮⛉ࡢཷ㦂⪅ࡣ 3 ᖺ⏕௨ୖ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᥎ᐃ᪉ἲࡸ౑⏝ࡍࡿኚᩘࡢෆᐜࡣ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ࡜ྠ୍࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ㑅ᢥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡢሙྜ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡀᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔ
ࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⾲ᕥࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪4 ⛉┠඲࡚࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್
ࡣṇ࡛㸪♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿ㸦0.074㸧ࠋḟ࡟᧯సኚᩘἲ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ᅜㄒࡣ᭷ព࡟㈇㸦-0.067㸧
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪⟬ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㏫࡟ಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡀᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡼࡾࡶ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪10%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡟ṇ㸦0.031㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢሙྜࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ࡟୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋ㸦㸱㸧ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺูࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦㸰㸧࡛ࡣ඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ୍࡛ᐃࡢഴྥࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋ௚᪉㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ࡛ࡣ㸪≉ᐃࡢࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧ࡢࡳࢆ㏣㊧ࡋࡓሙྜࡣ࡝࠺ࡔࢁ࠺࠿ࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣࡑࡢⅬࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ࢔㸬୰Ꮫᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ 2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2017 ᖺࡢྛᖺᗘ࡟ධᏛࡋࡓᅄࡘࡢ
Ꮫᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1 ᖺ⏕᫬࡜ 2 ᖺ⏕᫬ࡢ 2 ᮇศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢྛࢥ
࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㸦㸰㸧࡜ྠࡌ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸳࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍ぢࡋ࡚㸪ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺࡈ࡜࡟ᵝᏊࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡎ 2014 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡀ᭷ព࡟㈇㸦-0.731㸧㸪⌮⛉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 10%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព
࡟㈇㸦-0.315㸧㸪௚ࡢ 3 ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟᧯సኚᩘἲࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪⌮⛉ࡢࡳ࡛ಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ 4 ⛉┠࡛ࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑ
183- 183 -

ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪♫఍㸦-3.029㸧࡜ⱥㄒ㸦-1.777㸧ࡢ᭷ព࡟㈇㸪ᅜㄒࡶ 10㸣Ỉ‽࡛㈇࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩘᏛ
࡜⌮⛉ࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛㸪≉࡟⌮⛉ࡢ್ࡣṇ࡟㌿ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ḟࡢ 2015 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᅜㄒ㸦-0.132㸧࡜ᩘᏛ㸦-0.316㸧
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ᭷ព࡟㈇㸪௚ࡢ 3 ⛉┠ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟᧯సኚᩘ
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ୖグ௨እࡢ 2016 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕ཬࡧ 2017 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞ಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ୍ࡘࡶぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ௨ୖࡼࡾ㸪඲యࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡣ㸪ྛࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡟➼ࡋࡃぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
࢖㸬ᑠᏛᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺࡢྲྀࡾ᪉ࡀ࠶ࡾᚓࡿࡀ㸪࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ㛗࠸ᮇᩘࡢࢹ࣮
ࢱࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿᏛᖺࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿࠋᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ඲Ꮫᖺࡀཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ 2014 ᖺᗘࡢ 1 ᖺ⏕࡜ 2 ᖺ⏕ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࠋ1 ᖺ⏕ࡣ 2018 ᖺᗘ࡟ 5 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ 5 ᮇศ㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡣ 2018 ᖺᗘ࡟ 6 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿࡲ࡛ࡢ 5 ᮇศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪♫఍࡜⌮⛉ࡢヨ㦂ࡣ 3 ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡀᑐ㇟࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡿᮇᩘࡣ᭱኱ 4 ᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ
2014 ᖺᗘࡢ 3 ᖺ⏕࡜㸪2015 ᖺᗘࡢ 3 ᖺ⏕ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ↓ㄽ 2014 ᖺᗘ 2 ᖺ⏕࡜ྠ୍ࡢࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸴࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ 2014 ᖺᗘ 1 ᖺ⏕ཬࡧ 2 ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢࡿ࡜㸪⟬ᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚᧯సኚᩘἲ࡟ࡼࡿಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡀ᭷ព࡟ṇ㸦0.117㸧࡛㸪௚ࡣ඲࡚㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋḟ࠸࡛㸪4 ᮇศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ 2014 ᖺᗘ 3 ᖺ⏕ཬࡧ 2015 ᖺᗘ 3 ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ
᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪๓⪅ࡢ⟬ᩘ࡜ᚋ⪅ࡢᅜㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀ᭷ព࡟
ṇ㸦ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 0.172㸪0.042㸧ࡔࡀ㸪௚ࡣ඲࡚㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⥲ࡌ࡚㸪ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺཬࡧ⛉┠ࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡍࡢࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋ㸦㸲㸧ᑵᏛᨭ᥼ཷ⤥⪅ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃᏛ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜, ⤒῭ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ♫఍ⓗ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐙᗞᏛ⩦ࡸᏛᰯእᩍ⫱࡟ไ⣙ࡀ࠿࠿ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡯࡝,ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ⾲ࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ྛඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⨨࠿ࢀࡓ♫఍⤒῭⎔ቃ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪ྛඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᑵᏛᨭ᥼ࢆཷ⤥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡇࡇ
࡛ࡣ㸪5 ᖺ㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ 3 ᖺ௨ୖ㸦୰Ꮫ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ⏕ࡔࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࡶྵࡵ࡚⪃࠼ࡿ㸧ᑵᏛᨭ᥼ࢆཷ⤥ࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆ 1㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࢆ 0 ࡜ࡍࡿࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸦 㸧ࢆసࡾ㸪ᐃᩘࢲ࣑࣮ཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ஺ᕪ㡯࡜ࡋ࡚ୖ㏙ࡢ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟㏣ຍࡋࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ḟࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛
࠶ࡿࠋ
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+μ +μ +μ +ε184- 184 -+β+βࡓࡔࡋ㸪 ࡀ᫬㛫࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ኚᩘ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪ᐃᩘࢲ࣑࣮ࡣᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ࠿ࡽࡣ
⬺ⴠࡍࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢ㛵ᚰࡣ஺ᕪ㡯ࡢಀᩘ ࡀ᭷ព࡞᥎ᐃ್ࢆᣢࡘ࠿ྰ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲㸵ཬࡧ⾲㸶࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ୰Ꮫᰯ㸦⾲㸵㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ぢࡿ࡜㸪ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘβ ࡜஺ᕪ㡯ࡢಀᩘ ࡀ㸪ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព
࡟㈇࡜᥎ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ࡑࢀࡒࢀ-0.058 ཬࡧ 0.264㸧ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ᩘᏛ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍቑ኱࡟ࡼࡿ㈇ࡢຠᯝࡀ㸪ᑵᏛᨭ᥼ཷ⤥⪅ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ࡼࡾᙉࡃ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔ
ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ඲࡚㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸦⾲㸶㸧㸪஺ᕪ㡯ࡢಀᩘ ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪᭷ព࡞᥎ᐃ್ࡣ୍ࡘࡶぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸳㸬⤖ㄽ࡜⪃ᐹᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿᆅ᪉⮬἞యࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ 5 ᖺศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚㈇ࡢຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢᏛᖺࡸᏛ⛉࡟ࡼࡽࡎ୍㈏ࡋ࡚ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ㛫࡛ࡶ⤖ᯝࡣ⤫୍ⓗ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ྛ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ⛉┠ࡸᏛᖺ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⏕ᚐࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡶྠᵝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⌮⛉௨እࡢ
4 ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ᭷ព࡟㈇࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀ⏕ᚐࡢᡂ⦼ࢆᘬࡁୗࡆ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ඲ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ
ࢆ㏻ࡌ୍࡚ᚊ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ2014 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕ࡣ♫఍࡜⌮⛉㸪2015 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕ࡣᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㈇ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪2016 ᖺᗘཬࡧ 2017 ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ຠᯝࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⏕ᚐࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ♫఍ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⤒῭ⓗ⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿⅬࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ⓗ࡟ࡣ㔜せ࡞Ⓨぢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ 3 ᖺ௨ୖᑵᏛᨭ᥼ࢆཷ⤥ࡋࡓ⏕ᚐࢆ♧ࡍࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳᏛ⣭つᶍᣑ኱࡟ࡼࡿ㈇ࡢຠᯝ
ࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡾᙉࡃ⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀぢࡘ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡋ㸪ࡼࡾᡭཌ࠸ᑐᛂࡀྲྀࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᐙᗞ⎔ቃ࡟ࡼࡿ࣐࢖ࢼࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⿵࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ᑠᏛ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㈇ࡢຠᯝࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ࡛㸪♫఍ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್
ࡣࡴࡋࢁ᭷ព࡟ṇ࡛࠶ࡿ࡞࡝㸪ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋධᏛᖺᗘูࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ
ࢆྲྀࡾฟࡋࡓศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥࡣぢ࠸ࡔࡏࡎ㸪ᑵᏛᨭ᥼ࢆ 3 ᖺ௨ୖཷ⤥ࡋࡓඣ❺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢඣ❺࡜≉ẁࡢ㐪࠸ࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᑠᏛᰯࡣᇶᮏⓗ࡟ཷ㦂ࡀ࡞࠸ࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡢᩍ⫱ࡣ⢭⚄ⓗⓎ㐩ࡸᚰ㌟ࡢᡂ㛗࡟ὀពࡀྥࡅ
ࡽࢀ㸪Ꮫຊࡢྥୖࡀ୰Ꮫ࡯࡝㔜どࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿᕪ␗ࢆ㸪Ꮫᰯ⌧ሙ࡛ᇙࡵྜ࠺㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪ᩍဨྠኈࡀ༠ຊࡋᐇ㉁ⓗ࡟ࡣᏛ⣭ࢆศ๭ࡋ࡚
ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝㸪௒ᅇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣᢕᥱࡋࡁࢀ࡞࠸ᑐ⟇ࡀㅮࡌࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ(ὀ8)ࠋ
௨ୖ࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪⛉┠㸪⏕ᚐࡢ⤒῭♫఍ⓗ⫼ᬒ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ⌧ሙ࡛ࡢ⿵᏶ⓗᑐᛂ࡞࡝㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢ᝟ሗࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽศᯒࢆヨࡳࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ185- 185 -

࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫ⩦ពḧ࡞࡝㸪ᚰ⌮ⓗഃ㠃࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࡶ⪃៖ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ጒᑿ΅㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧୰ᮧு௓㸦㛵ᮾᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ㸧
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Akabayashi, H. and R. Nakamura (2014), “Can Small Class Policy Close the Gap? An
Empirical Analysis of Class Size Effects in Japan”, Japanese Economic Review, 65, pp.
253–281.
Angrist, J. D. and V. Lavy (1999), “Using Maimonides’ Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class
Size on Scholastic Achievement”, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2), pp. 533–575.
Angrist, J. D., V. Lavy, J. Leder-Luis, and A. Shany (2019),"Maimonides' Rule Redux."

American Economic Review: Insights, 1(3), pp.309-24.
Hojo, M. (2013), "Class-size Effects in Japanese Schools: A Spline Regression Approach”,

Economics Letters, 120(3), pp. 583-587.
Hojo, M. and W. Senoh (2019), "Do the Disadvantaged Benefit More from Small Classes?
Evidence from a Large-Scale Survey in Japan," Japan and The World Economy, 52,
100965.
Ito, H., M. Nakamuro, S. Yamaguchi (2019), “Effects of Class-size Reduction on Cognitive
and Non-Cognitive Skills.” Japan and the World Economy, 53, March 2020, 100977.
Krueger, A. B. (1999), “Experimental Estimates of Education Production Functions”,

Quarterly Journal of Economics, 114 (2), pp. 497–532.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2010), Econometric Analysis of Cross Section and Panel Data, second

edition, The MIT Press.
ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ  ࠕࢡࣛࢫࢧ
࢖ࢬ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ཬࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ̿⮬↛ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔ
ࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド̿ࠖࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘SS
ᮡỤಟ἞  ࠕᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍ⫱ຠᯝࠖࠗ୰ி኱Ꮫᩍ㣴ㄽྀ࠘  㸪SSጒᑿ΅࣭໭ᲄ㞞୍  ࠕᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏛຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡢ࠿̿඲ᅜᏛຊ࣭
Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ㸦ࡁࡵ⣽࠿࠸ㄪᰝ㸧ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆά⏝ࡋࡓᐇドศᯒ̿ࠖࠗᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ⣖せ࠘➨  㞟SS
஧ᮌ⨾ⱑ  ࠕᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜Ꮫ⩦ཧຍ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࠖࠗ⤒῭ศᯒ࠘➨  ྕ㸪SS
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186- 186 -

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



ӵ‫ޢ‬











ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ









ָ֦೧͹ਫ਼ై૱਼





ঃࢢਫ਼ైξϝʖ











೧ਫ਼











೧ਫ਼











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











஦ָߏ 











੔੹ʤยࠫ஍ʥ

ָ೧ξϝʖ

ָߏξϝʖ






187

- 187 -

⾲㸰 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

ร਼

؏଎਼

ฑ‫ۋ‬

ඬ६ยࠫ

࠹ঘ஍

࠹୉஍

ࠅ‫ޢ‬











ऀճ











ࢋ਼











ཀྵՌ











ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ









ָ೧͹ࣉಒ૱਼





ঃࢢࣉಒξϝʖ











೧ਫ਼











೧ਫ਼











೧ਫ਼











೧ਫ਼











೧ਫ਼











೧ਫ਼











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











ঘָߏ 











੔੹ʤยࠫ஍ʥ

ָ೧ξϝʖ

ָߏξϝʖ




188

- 188 -

- 189 -



















189

ᅗ㸯Ꮫᖺࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ- 190 -









  









਼ָ



ཀྵՌ



ӵ‫ޢ‬









ࠅ‫ޢ‬







ऀճ



਼ָ૤ࡠร਼๑

1XPEHURILG







ऀճ









ࢋ਼









ཀྵՌ







ࠅ‫ޢ‬





ऀճ







ࢋ਼

૤ࡠร਼๑

190

S S Sᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㡹೺ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚  ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ







2EVHUYDWLRQVFODVVBVL]Hࠅ‫ޢ‬‫ݽ‬ఈްՎϠυϩ⾲㸲඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

S S Sᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㡹೺ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚  ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ



1XPEHURILG








ऀճ

2EVHUYDWLRQVָ‫وڅ‬ໝ

ࠅ‫ޢ‬‫ݽ‬ఈްՎϠυϩ⾲㸱 ඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦୰Ꮫᰯ㸧









ӵ‫ޢ‬









ཀྵՌ





ཀྵՌ



⾲㸳 ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺูࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦୰Ꮫᰯ㸧ᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㡹೺ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚  ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ







191

- 191 -

⾲㸴 ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺูࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧

S S Sᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㡹೺ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚  ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ



192- 192 -

- 193 -

6,619

6,620

10,790(0.128)-0.264**(0.029)-0.058**

਼ָ

6,614

10,788(0.129)-0.078(0.041)

0.002

ཀྵՌ

6,616

10,796(0.107)-0.081(0.030)-0.098***

ӵ‫ޢ‬

6,620

10,784(0.240)-0.311(0.187)

0.125

ࠅ‫ޢ‬

10,475

13,60938,589(0.038)0.023(0.012)0.016

ࢋ਼10,48025,194(0.055)-0.085(0.017)0.022

ཀྵՌ

13,60238,556(0.054)-0.050(0.018)-0.063***ࠅ‫ޢ‬10,47525,187(0.172)-0.042(0.045)193



0.399*

ཀྵՌ13,60938,589(0.054)-0.042(0.018)0.034*

6,614

10,788(0.240)-0.413*(0.214)ࢋ਼᧯సኚᩘἲ
-0.036

S S Sᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㡹೺ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚  ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

13,602

Number of id

25,187(0.069)(0.037)38,5560.099(0.020)(0.012)-0.016

0.064***

ऀճ

0.015

Observations

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ×ᑵᏛᨭ᥼䝎䝭䞊ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ

ࠅ‫ޢ‬ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹⾲㸶 ᑵᏛᨭ᥼ཷ⤥⪅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᥎ᐃ ᑠᏛᰯ 



6,620

10,790(0.187)0.076(0.133)-0.235*

਼ָ

᧯సኚᩘἲ

ऀճ

6,619

10,777(0.224)0.004(0.202)-0.066

ऀճS S Sᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣ㡹೺ᶆ‽ㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚  ⠇࡛♧ࡋࡓኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

6,620

Number of id

10,777(0.131)(0.156)
10,7840.018(0.041)-0.094-0.139***(0.038)ऀճ-0.104***

Observations

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ×ᑵᏛᨭ᥼䝎䝭䞊ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ

ࠅ‫ޢ‬ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹⾲㸵 ᑵᏛᨭ᥼ཷ⤥⪅࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦୰Ꮫᰯ㸧

10,48025,194(0.126)0.098(0.037)-0.025

ཀྵՌ

6,616

10,796(0.228)-0.222(0.156)

0.183

ӵ‫ޢ‬





ὀ

1 ᮡỤࡣᐇドⓗ◊✲ࡀᐇ㊶࡟⏕࠿ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᙜ᫬ࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࠕࢃࡀᅜ࡛ࡣᩍ⫱ᨵၿࡢ㆟ㄽࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤᐇドⓗ᳨ウ࡞ࡋ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸦୰␎㸧☜࠿࡞᰿ᣐࢆࡶࡗࡓᩍ⫱ⓗㄽ㆟ࢆ࠾ࡇ࡞࠺࡜࠸࠺ᩥ໬ࡀ㸪ᨻ⟇Ỵᐃ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡲࡓᐇ㊶⪅ࡢഃ࡟ࡶ㸪඲⯡ⓗ࡟ᕼⷧࡔ࡜࠸࠺ၥ
㢟ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓ࠸ࠖ㸦p.154㸧࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2 ᾏእࡢඛ⾜◊✲ཬࡧ௨ୗ࡛⤂௓࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ጒᑿ࣭໭ᲄ(2016)ࢆ
ཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
3 Angrist, et al. (2019)ࡣ㸪Angrist and Lavy (1999)ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᭦᪂ࡋࡓ෌ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ෌ศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ๓ࡢศᯒ࡛እ⏕ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓᏛᖺ⏕ᚐᩘࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣᏛᰯ㛵ಀ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚᧯స㸦manipulation㸧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ᳨ウࡉࢀ㸪ఱࡽ࠿ࡢ᧯సࡢᏑᅾࢆྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀⓎぢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛᖺ⏕ᚐᩘࡢእ⏕ᛶࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⏕ᚐ࡟ཬࡰࡍᅉᯝຠᯝࢆ㆑ูࡍࡿୖ࡛㔜せ࡞᮲௳࡛࠶ࡿࠋ෌ศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪᜛ពⓗ࡞᧯సࡢᙳ
㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ศᯒᡭἲࡀಟṇࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᚑ๓ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
4 Wooldridge (2010), p.332-333.
5 ࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢᏛᰯ࡛ࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࠿ࡽᩍဨࡢຍ㓄ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࢣ࣮ࢫࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
6 ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ㸪ྛᏛ⣭࡟࠾࠸࡚≉ูᨭ᥼ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢேᩘࡶ
ศ࠿ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀྛ⛉┠ࡢᤵᴗࢆ୍⥴࡟ཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࡣ㸪ᙜே࡟ᚲせ࡞ᨭ᥼ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࡢேᩘࢆᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ྵࡵࡿ࡭ࡁ࠿ྰ࠿ࡶ୍ᚊ࡟ࡣỴᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪≉ูᨭ᥼ࢆせࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆྵࡴᏛ⣭ࢆ㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࠿ࡽ㝖ࡃࡇ࡜࡟ࡋࡓࠋ㝖ཤࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭ࡣ୰Ꮫ
ᰯ࡛ࡣ 5 ᖺ㛫࡛ᘏ࡭ 13 Ꮫ⣭㸦ࢧࣥࣉࣝ඲యࡢ 318 Ꮫ⣭ࡢ 4.09%㸧
㸪Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣᘏ࡭ 51 Ꮫ
⣭㸦1233 Ꮫ⣭ࡢ 4.14%㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ7 Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࡣ 3 ḟ㡯ࡲ࡛ྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪1 ḟ㡯ࡢࡳࢆྵࡵࡓ᥎ᐃࡸ㸪1 ḟ㡯࡜
2 ḟ㡯ࡢ஧ࡘࢆྵࡵࡓ᥎ᐃࡶ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್࡟኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡣ⏕ࡌ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
8 Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ Angrist and Lavy (1999)ࡀᥦ᱌ࡋࡓ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜ㸪᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀከᑡኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᙼࡽࡀᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍỴᐃࡣ࡯ࡰ࣮ࣝࣝ࡝࠾ࡾ࡟⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᐇែࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᅗ㸯࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶண್࡜ᐇ㉁࡟ᕪࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᡂ⦼࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ෆ⏕ᛶⓗ࡟Ỵᐃࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝ࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿࡟Ꮡᅾࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣ⌧ሙㄪᰝ࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡾ☜ㄆࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ




194

- 194 -

㸰⠇ < ┴ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࣃࢿࣝศᯒ
㸯㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄝ᫂ ᮏ⠇࡛⏝࠸ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ, ࠶ࡿ㒔㐨ᗓ┴(Y ┴)ࡢබ❧ᑠ୰ᏛᰯࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡢಶ⚊ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࡢఙࡧࢆ

ࡿࡓࡵ࡟┴ෆࡢᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ 2015 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽẖᖺᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣྛ⏕ᚐࡢᅜㄒ, ⟬ᩘ(ᩘᏛ), ⱥㄒ(ⱥㄒࡣ୰Ꮫ 2-3 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡳ)ࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢᡂ⦼࡜ྛ⏕ᚐࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࢆ⣣㸦ࡦࡶ㸧࡙ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱ⮬యࡀࡲࡔ⌋ࡋࡃ, 1 ᫬Ⅼࡢࡳࡢศᯒࡶከ࠸୰,ಶேࡢ⤒ᖺኚ໬ࢆศᯒ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ 2015 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 5 ᖺ㛫ࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ┴ෆࡢ 63ᕷ⏫ᮧࡢ≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫᰯࢆ㝖ࡃබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ(ᑠᏛᰯ 712 ᰯ, ୰Ꮫᰯ 361 ᰯ)࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿᑠᏛ 4ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ(ᑠᏛ⏕ 359,395 ே, ୰Ꮫ⏕ 346,632 ே)ࡀᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⥲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡣ⣙ 147.2 ୓,ᚲせ࡞ኚᩘࡀ 5 ᖺศࡑࢁࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝࡣ⣙ 42.5 ୓࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿኚᩘࡣᡂ⦼, ᛶู, Ꮫᖺ, ධᏛ⪅ᩘ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡂ⦼ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣᏛຊ
ࢸࢫࢺࡢⅬᩘࢆᇶ࡟㡯┠཯ᛂ⌮ㄽ(IRT㸸Item Response Theory)ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᚓⅬ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
IRT ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᚓⅬ࡛ࡣ, ࡑࡢ㞴᫆ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᚓⅬࡀ௜୚ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ,␗࡞ࡿࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟࡛ࡶᏛຊࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㒔ྜୖ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ, ྛᏛᰯࡢྛᏛᖺࡢྛ
ᖺᗘࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࢆࢡࣛࢫᩘ࡛๭ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ᑟฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚, ᑠᩘⅬ࡛⾲ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᅾ⡠ࡍࡿṇ☜࡞Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣุู࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᖺࡈ࡜ࡢ
グ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࢆ⾲㸯࡟ᑠᏛᰯࢆ⾲㸰࡟♧ࡍࠋ

195- 195 -

⾲㸯 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞(୰Ꮫᰯ)
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9DULDEOH

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2EV

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2EV

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2EVࠅ‫ޢ‬͹੔੹

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196

- 196 -

⾲㸰 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞(ᑠᏛᰯ)
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9DULDEOH

2EV

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9DULDEOHࠅ‫ޢ‬͹੔੹

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2EVࠅ‫ޢ‬͹੔੹

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2EVࠅ‫ޢ‬͹੔੹

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㸰㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ࡜⤖ᯝ ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀᡂ⦼࡟ࡶࡓࡽࡍᙳ㡪ࢆᢕᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟, ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ(ὀ 1)࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋࡉࡽ࡟, Angrist
and Lavy(1999)ࢆཧ⪃࡟, ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᥎ᐃࡶヨࡳࡿࠋ࡞࠾, ศᯒᡭἲࡣ, ᰠ⃝ࡽ(2022)ࡢᡭἲ࡜ྠࡌࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸯㸧᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ
ྛᩍ⛉࡟ᑐࡋ࡚, ௨ୗࡢ᥎ᐃᘧࢆ⪃࠼ࡿࠋ
=

+

+
+

 ῧ࠼Ꮠࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀᕷ⏫ᮧ

+
+

, Ꮫᰯ

+

+
+

, Ꮫᖺ

+
, ಶே

ࡣ, IRT ໬ࡉࢀࡓᡂ⦼ࢆ♧ࡋ, ࡑࢀࢆᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
ᖺࡢᅛ᭷ຠᯝ,

࡜

࡜

+

, ᖺᗘ

ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ, ᛶู, ඣ❺⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ᫬Ⅼ࡟౫Ꮡࡋ࡞࠸ᕷ⏫ᮧ, Ꮫᰯ, Ꮫࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢಶேຠᯝ,ࡣㄗᕪ㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᙜヱ⮬἞య࡛ࡣᏛ

ຊࢸࢫࢺࢆẖᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪Ꮫຊࡣ๓ᖺᗘࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡸඣ❺⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪᥎ᐃ࡛ࡣ୍ᮇ๓ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ
197- 197 - ࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆᇶ࡟, ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ, ࡉࡽ࡟, ࣐࢖ࣔࢽࢹࢫ࣮ࣝࣝࢆཧ⪃࡟ࡋࡓ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᥎ᐃࡶ⾜࠺ࠋᙜヱ⮬἞య࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ, ཎ๎࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢୖ㝈ࢆ40 ே࡜ࡋ࡚ࢡࣛࢫᩘࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ࣮࡛ࣝࣝࡢ 1 Ꮫ⣭ᙜࡓࡾࡢᖹᆒඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡣୗࡢᘧࡢࡼ࠺࡟࠶ࡽࢃࡉࢀࡿࠋ

=

࡞࠾,

−1
+1
40

( ) ࡣ x ࡢᩚᩘ㒊ศࢆྲྀࡾฟࡍ₇⟬Ꮚ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

㸦㸰㸧඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ⤖ᯝ ࡲࡎ, 5 ᖺศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀࡑࢁࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ඲࡚ࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ, ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸱࡟, ᑠᏛᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾, ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྛ⏕ᚐࡢᛶู, Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࡢ୍ḟ㡯, ஧ḟ㡯, Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮, Ꮫᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ⣬㠃ࡢ㒔ྜୖ, ⾲୰࡟ࡣྵࡵ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ, ⱥㄒࡢᡂ⦼ࡢ᧯సኚᩘἲ࡟ࡼࡿ
᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ㝖ࡁ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᡂ⦼ࡀୗࡀࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ᭷ព࡟ᚓࡓࠋ࡞࠾, ᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛࡣ୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢ඲ဨࡀཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ, ⱥㄒࡣ୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕࡜ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡳࡀཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ, ࡑࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡀ௚ᩍ⛉࡜ẚ࡭࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ྛᩍ⛉ࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ IRT ࡛ᚓⅬ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ, ࡑࡢ኱ࡁࡉࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡣ, ᅜㄒཬࡧᩘᏛ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ⱥㄒࡢ᪉ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ⾲ࢀࡓࠋ ḟ࡟, ᑠᏛᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ,ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡳ♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯࡢሙྜ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡣᅜㄒࡢᡂ⦼ࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ
ࣝࢆ㝖ࡁ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᡂ⦼ࡀୗࡀࡿ⤖ᯝࢆ᭷ព࡟ᚓࡓࠋ≉࡟, ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓ࡜ࡁࡢ⟬ᩘࡢᡂ⦼ࡀᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᭱ࡶཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ ୰Ꮫᰯ, ᑠᏛᰯ࡝ࡕࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡶ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᡂ⦼ࡀୗࡀࡿ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋᩍ
⛉ࡸ᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ᯝ࡟ᑡࡋࡎࡘᕪࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ, ⤖ᯝࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ⾲㸱 ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ(୰Ꮫᰯ)ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹
ᅜㄒ
ᩘᏛ
ⱥㄒ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
-0.002***-0.002***-0.005***(0.000)(0.000)(0.001)
Observations
558,767
558,692373,268
Number of id
286,324
286,331
235,752
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1

198- 198 -

᧯సኚᩘἲ㻔ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹㻕ᅜㄒᩘᏛⱥㄒ
-0.003***-0.004***0.004(0.001)(0.001)(0.016)
558,767
558,692373,268
286,324
286,331
235,752⾲㸲 ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ(ᑠᏛᰯ)ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹
ᅜㄒ⟬ᩘᏛ⣭つᶍ
-0.001-0.006***(0.001)(0.001)
Observations
388,005
388,003
Number of id245,981245,984
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1᧯సኚᩘἲ㻔ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹㻕ᅜㄒ⟬ᩘ
-0.007*-0.012***(0.004)(0.003)
388,005
388,003245,981245,984㸦㸱㸧ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ ୖグࡢ඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ⤖ᯝࡀ, ྛᏛᖺࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟⥅⥆ࡋ࡚ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡓࡵ, ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡛ࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸳࡟, ᑠᏛᰯࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸴࡟♧ࡍࠋ඲ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡢศᯒ࡜ྠᵝ, ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྛ⏕ᚐࡢᛶู, Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐ⥲ᩘࡢ୍ḟ㡯, ஧ḟ㡯, Ꮫᰯࢲ࣑࣮, Ꮫᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
୰Ꮫᰯࡢሙྜ, ධᏛ࠿ࡽ༞ᴗࡲ࡛ 3 ᖺศࡑࢁࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺࡣ 2015 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2017ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ධᏛࡋࡓᏛᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜ 2015 ᖺධᏛ⏕ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡣ௚ࡢ
ᖺᗘ࡜␗࡞ࡾ,Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣᅜㄒࡢᡂ⦼࡟᭷ព࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᩘᏛࡀ
ṇ࡟᭷ពࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᩘᏛࡢᡂ⦼ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ2016 ᖺ, 2017 ᖺධᏛ⏕ࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ⤖ᯝࡢṇ㈇ࡶ᭷ពᛶࡶ㢮ఝࡢഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋᅛ
ᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ඲ᩍ⛉࡛㈇࡟᭷ពࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛, ᧯సኚᩘἲ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ, 2016 ᖺ,2017 ᖺධᏛ⏕ࡢⱥㄒࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡉ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ ᑠᏛᰯࡢሙྜ, ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ༞ᴗࡲ࡛ 3 ᖺศࡑࢁࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺࡣ 2015 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2017 ᖺᗘ᫬Ⅼ࡛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛᖺ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜, ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ,ᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝⟬ᩘࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ᭷ព࡟ୗࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛ᅜㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡣ୍㈏ᛶࡀぢࡽࢀࡎ, 2016 ᖺᗘ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛᖺ࡛ᅜㄒ
ࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ㈇࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᧯సኚᩘἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓሙྜࡣ, 2015 ᖺᗘ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛᖺ࡛ᅜㄒ࡜
⟬ᩘࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ㈇࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡾ, 2016 ᖺᗘ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛᖺ࡛⟬ᩘࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㈇࡟᭷ព࡜࡞
ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ, 2017 ᖺᗘ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛᖺ࡛ࡣ, ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘࡢᡂ⦼࡜ࡶ࡟᭷ព࡟ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋ ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺู࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜, ඲యⓗ࡟ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ, ≉࡟ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ⤖ᯝ࡟኱ࡁࡃࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ, Ꮫᖺู࡟␗࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀఛ࠼
ࡓࠋ

199- 199 -

⾲㸳 ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹
ᅜㄒᩘᏛⱥㄒ
2015ᖺᗘධᏛ⏕0.001
0.005***-0.006***(0.002)(0.001)(0.001)2016೧ᗘධᏛ⏕-0.002**-0.003***-0.003**(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)2017೧ᗘධᏛ⏕ -0.004***-0.004***-0.003***(0.001)(0.001)(0.001)
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1᧯సኚᩘἲ㻔ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹㻕ᅜㄒᩘᏛⱥㄒ
0.049**-0.059***-0.033*(0.023)(0.021)(0.018)-0.002**-0.003***0.013(0.001)(0.001)(0.011)-0.005***-0.006***0.005(0.001)(0.001)(0.028)⾲㸴 ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺศᯒ࡟ࡼࡿᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹
ᅜㄒ⟬ᩘ
2015ᖺᗘ4ᖺ⏕-0.002-0.005***(0.002)(0.002)2016೧ౕ4ᖺ⏕-0.005**-0.011***(0.003)(0.002)2017೧ౕ4ᖺ⏕
0.001-0.006***(0.002)(0.001)
Observations
93,08893,070R-squared
0.212
0.060
Number of id
46,55746,557
Robust standard errors in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1᧯సኚᩘἲ㻔ᅛᐃຠᯝ䝰䝕䝹㻕ᅜㄒ⟬ᩘ
-0.007**-0.006*(0.003)(0.003)0.009-0.049***(0.018)(0.013)-0.010-0.008(0.009)(0.007)93,08893,07046,55746,557

㸦㸲㸧ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ Y ┴ࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯࡢ 5 ᖺศࡢᏛຊཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚, ࢸࢫࢺࡢᡂ
⦼(ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢሙྜࡣᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ, ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢሙྜࡣᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛ࡜ⱥㄒ)࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋࢸࢫࢺࡢᡂ⦼ࡣ IRT ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ, ᖺᗘཬࡧᩍ⛉ࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛ࡢẚ㍑ࡀྍ
⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ, ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺศᯒ࡟࠾࠸୍࡚㒊୍㈏ᛶࡢ࡞࠸⤖ᯝࡶᚓࡘࡘࡶ, ࣃࢿࣝศᯒ
ࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜Ꮫຊࡀୗࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ ౛࠼ࡤ Angrist and Lavy(1999)ཬࡧ Angrist, Lavy, Leder-Luis, and Shany (2017) ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟,ᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ,ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢぢゎࡶᚲࡎࡋࡶ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋᮏศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ, ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢᅜㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࡑࡢຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ, ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡛☜ㄆࡋ࡚ࡶ 2016 ᖺᗘ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳ᭷ព࡟㈇࡟⾲ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺୙Ᏻᐃ࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡜▩┪ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ᮏ⠇ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣࢸࢫࢺࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ IRT ᚓⅬ࡟ኚ᥮ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ, Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆල
యⓗ࡞ᡂ⦼࡜ࡋ࡚♧ࡍࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ,௒ᅇ᭷ព࡟⾲ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩘ್ࡣ࡝ࢀࡶᑠ
ࡉ࠸್࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏศᯒ࡛ᚓࡽࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀᐇ㝿࡟ࡣ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ㐪࠸࡜ࡋ࡚⾲ࢀࡿ
200- 200 -

ࡢ࠿, ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁࡢㄪᰝࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ

㣤⏣ᫍⰋ㸦㏣ᡭ㛛Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
Angrist, J. D., & Lavy, V. (1999). Using Maimonides' rule to estimate the effect of classsize on scholastic achievement. The quarterly journal of economics, 114(2), 533-575.
Angrist, J. D., Lavy, V., Leder-Luis, J., & Shany, A. (2017). Maimonides rule redux (No.
w23486). National Bureau of Economic Research.
ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ, ጒᑿ΅, ୰ᮧு௓, ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴. (2022). ึ➼୰➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ. ࠗOSIPP Discussion Paper࠘ DP-2022-J-004.

ὀ1 ᥎ᐃࡣᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝཬࡧࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࡢഴྥ࡟኱ࡁ࡞㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ, ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣᅛᐃຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ⤖ᯝࡢࡳࢆ♧ࡍࠋ




201

- 201 -

➨㸲❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸫࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ
㸯⠇ ; ┴ $ ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ
㸯㸬ศᯒࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋᮏ
⠇࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸦௨ୗࡇࡢ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕA ᕷࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ
㸧ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᏛຊㄪᰝཬࡧ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋA ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡣྛ
ᖺᗘࡢ 1 ᭶࡟㸪࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡣ 11 ᭶㹼12 ᭶࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ 5 ᩍ⛉㸦ᅜㄒ㸪⟬ᩘ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍㸪ⱥㄒ㸧ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍ
ࡿ㸦Ꮫຊኚᩘࡢసᡂ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ➨㸱❶ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡣᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ㸪
ᑠᏛᰯ 3㹼6 ᖺ⏕ࡣᅜㄒ㸪⟬ᩘ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡣ 5 ᩍ⛉඲࡚ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡀࡑ
ࢀࡒࢀ฼⏝ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣ㸪2014㸦ᖹᡂ 26㸧ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘࡢ 6 ࠿ᖺศࡢㄪᰝ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ
ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ࡭⣙ 70,000 ேᙅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィࢆ⾲㸯࡟ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣ⣙ 33 ྡ㸪᭱ᑠ್ࡣ 17 ே㸪᭱኱್ࡣ 41 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢศᕸࡣᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSES ࡢ௦⌮ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣ
0.11 ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ศᯒࢧࣥࣉࣝ඲యࡢ 11㸣⛬ᗘࡀᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ୡᖏࡢඣ❺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞
ࡿࠋ㸰㸬᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡸᛶู㸪SES ᑻᗘ➼ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿᅇ
ᖐࣔࢹࣝࢆᏛᖺࡈ࡜࡟᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪㸦ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ㸧㸫㸦Ꮫ⣭㸧㸫㸦Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪࡜࠸࠺㝵ᒙ໬ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡋࡤࡋࡤ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡍࡿࠋ௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝ
ศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡣ௨
ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋࣞ࣋ࣝ 1㸸ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ
=

+

+

+

ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2㸸Ꮫ⣭
=

+

+

+

+

ࣞ࣋ࣝ 3㸸Ꮫᰯ=ࡇࡇ࡛㸪 ࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐ㸪 ࡣᏛ⣭㸪 ࡣᏛᰯ㸪 ࡣᏛຊኚᩘ㸪ࡣᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮㸪ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ㸪

ࡣዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮㸪ࡣᏛᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ㸪 , ,ࡣㄗᕪ㡯ࢆ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣ R 4.2.2 ࡢ lme4 ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪ࡟ྵࡲࢀࡿ lmer 㛵ᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
202- 202 -

⾲㸯 グ㏙⤫ィ
ᖹᆒ್ᶆ‽೫ᕪ᭱ᑠ್᭱኱್
ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ ♫఍ ⌮⛉ ⱥㄒ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ
ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮
ᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮


ᅗ㸯 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢศᕸ203- 203 -

㸱㸬ศᯒ⤖ᯝ Ꮫᖺࡈ࡜࡟ୖグࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸰㸦ᑠᏛᰯ 1㸪2 ᖺ⏕㸧㹼⾲㸶㸦୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕㸧࡟ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ࡯ࡰ඲࡚ࡢᏛᖺ࣭ᩍ⛉࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 2 ᖺ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ၏୍ࡢ౛እࡣ୰Ꮫᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࠋ♫఍⛉ࢆ㝖ࡃ 4 ᩍ⛉࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㈇࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛᥇⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡣ㸪୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡳ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢᏛຊྥୖຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⾲㸰 ᑠᏛᰯ 㸪 ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝᑠ  ᅜㄒᑠ  ⟬ᩘᑠ  ᅜㄒᑠ  ⟬ᩘ
ᐃᩘ㡯  

        ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮  
         ᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮  

        Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
        Ꮫᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ
        
$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO

S S S




204

- 204 -

⾲㸱 ᑠᏛᰯ  ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ   ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ  ♫఍ ⌮⛉

ᐃᩘ㡯  
        ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮ 

        ᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮  

        Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
        Ꮫᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ
        
$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO

S S S⾲㸲 ᑠᏛᰯ  ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ   ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ  ♫఍ ⌮⛉

ᐃᩘ㡯  
        ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮ 
         ᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮  

        Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
        Ꮫᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ
        
$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO

S S S




205

- 205 -

⾲㸳 ᑠᏛᰯ  ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ   ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ  ♫఍ ⌮⛉

ᐃᩘ㡯  
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$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO

S S S⾲㸴 ᑠᏛᰯ  ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ   ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ  ♫఍ ⌮⛉

ᐃᩘ㡯  
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$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO

S S S




206

- 206 -

⾲㸵 ୰Ꮫᰯ  ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ   ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ  ♫఍ ⌮⛉    ⱥㄒ
ᐃᩘ㡯               ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮             ᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮               Ꮫ⣭つᶍ              Ꮫᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ             
$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO

S S S⾲㸶 ୰Ꮫᰯ  ᖺ⏕ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ   ᅜㄒ ⟬ᩘ  ♫఍ ⌮⛉    ⱥㄒ
ᐃᩘ㡯               ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮               ᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮               Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
          Ꮫᖺ⏕ᚐᩘ  
          
$,&
%,&
/RJ/LNHOLKRRG
1XPREV
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGHFVLG
1XPJURXSVVFKBFRGH
9DUVFKBFRGHFVLG LQWHUFHSW 
9DUVFKBFRGH LQWHUFHSW 
9DU5HVLGXDO
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S S S

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207

- 207 -

㸲㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪A ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ┦㛵ࢆᅇᖐศᯒࡢ୍✀࡛࠶ࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ᳨࡚ドࡋࡓࠋ㸦ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ㸧㸫㸦Ꮫ⣭㸧㸫㸦Ꮫᰯ㸧㸪࡜࠸࠺ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡢࡣ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡣ඲࡚ࡢᩍ⛉࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⣲┤࡟ゎ㔘ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡣ୰Ꮫᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕ࢆඃඛࡍ࡭ࡁ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡣ୙༑ศ࡞Ⅼࡶṧࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ➨ 1 ࡟㸪ᮏ⠇࡛㐺⏝ࡋࡓศᯒᡭἲࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋᮏ⠇࡛㐺⏝ࡋࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓศᯒᡭἲ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸪Ꮫᰯࣞ࣋ࣝࡢษ∦ࢆ☜⋡ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢษ∦ࡀㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟೫ࡾࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ➨ 2 ࡟㸪Ꮫຊࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ᫬ⅬࡢᏛຊࡀᑠᏛᰯධᏛ࠿ࡽࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ✚ࡳ㔜ࡡ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࢀࡤ㸪㐣ཤࡢᏛຊ㸦࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ௦⌮ᣦᶆ㸧ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟
ྵࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࡸࡣࡾ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟೫ࡾࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ௒
ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

໭ᲄ㞞୍㸦㥖⃝኱Ꮫ㸧

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208

- 208 -

㸰⠇ < ┴ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ
㸯㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄝ᫂㸦㸯㸧ᴫせ
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࠋࡲ
ࡎ㸪౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪Y ┴ࡀᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
Ꮫຊ࣭Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓ᝟ሗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡣ㡯┠཯ᛂ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡓᩘ್࡛࠶ࡾ㸪2015 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 5 ᖺ 5 ᮇࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ྵࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛᖺࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 3 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ 1 ᖺศࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࠿ࡽ 5 ᖺศ࠶ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡲ࡛ྵࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࢔ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫࢻ࣭ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮
ࢱ࡜࡞ࡿࠋほ ᩘࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁࡃ㸦ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢほ ᩘࡣ⣙ 90 ୓㸧㸪ᕼ᭷㸦ࡅ࠺㸧࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ศᯒ࡟౑⏝࡛ࡁࡿᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡣᅜㄒ㸪⟬ᩘ㸦ᩘᏛ㸧㸪ⱥㄒ㸦୰
Ꮫ 2 ᖺ࣭3 ᖺࡢࡳᐇ᪋㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋY ┴ࡢᏛຊ࣭Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝࡣᖺᗘึࡵࡢ 4 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟
୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆศᯒࡍࡿ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜヱᖺᗘ࡟ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪⌧ᅾࡢᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡑࡢ๓ᖺᗘ࡟ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ๓ᖺᗘ࡟ᅾ⡠ࡋࡓᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀࢃ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡓࡵศᯒ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽࡣඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⣭ࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㝈⏺ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ᝟ሗࡣ㸪ࠕྛᏛᰯࡢྛᏛᖺ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ඲యࡢ⏕ᚐᩘࠖ࡜ࠕྛᏛᖺࡢᏛ⣭ᩘ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᩘ್ࡣ๓⪅ࢆᚋ⪅࡛๭ࡗ࡚⟬ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࢆࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢿࢫࢺᵓ㐀ࡀࡘࡃࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࢿࢫࢺ
ᵓ㐀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ḟ㡯࡛࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᴫせࢆㄝ᫂ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ヲ㏙ࡍࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡜࠸࠺ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓศᯒࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ⅼࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ≉ᛶ࡟ࡼࡿᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡢ㝈⏺Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ㸦㸰㸧グ㏙⤫ィ㔞ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ୕ࡘࡢศᯒ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᅜㄒ㸪⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ㸪ⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔
࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢศᯒ࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿᶆᮏࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⾲㸯㹼㸱࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣほ ᩘࡀ⣙ 94 ୓࠶ࡾ㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ᑐ㇟ࡀ୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕࡜ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡓࡵほ ᩘࡀ⣙ 37 ୓࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲㸱࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭱኱್ࡀ 42.33 ࡜࠸࠺್ࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ๓㏙ࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽࡣඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᅾ⡠ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⣭ࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁࡎ㸪ࠕྛᏛᰯࡢྛᏛᖺ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ඲యࡢ⏕ᚐᩘࠖ¹ࠕྛᏛᖺࡢ
Ꮫ⣭ᩘࠖ࡜࠸࠺ィ⟬ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᚋࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘ࡜Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀ⥺ᙧࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ศᯒࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃ㸪㛵ᩘࡀୖ࡟ฝ࡞࠸ࡋୗ࡟ฝࡢ࡜࠸࠺ 2 ḟ㛵ᩘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓศᯒࡶ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆ 2 ஌ࡋࡓኚᩘ㸪ཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒࢆᘬ࠸࡚୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓኚ
ᩘ࡜ࡑࡢ 2 ஌ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

209- 209 -

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


ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋὀ㸸ࠕC Ꮫ⣭つᶍࠖࡣᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࢆ୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓኚᩘࠋ
⾲㸰 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ㸧
ᩘᏛࢫࢥ࢔
ᑠᏛᖺ
ᑠᏛᖺ
୰Ꮫᖺ
୰Ꮫᖺ
୰Ꮫᖺ
⏨Ꮚ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌

ほ ᩘ
ᖹᆒ
ᶆ‽೫ᕪ






  





᭱ᑠ












᭱኱












ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋὀ㸸ࠕC Ꮫ⣭つᶍࠖࡣᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࢆ୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓኚᩘࠋ
⾲㸱 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦ⱥㄒ㸧
ⱥㄒࢫࢥ࢔
୰Ꮫᖺ
୰Ꮫᖺ
⏨Ꮚ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌

ほ ᩘ
ᖹᆒ
ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

  



᭱ᑠ







ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋὀ㸸ࠕC Ꮫ⣭つᶍࠖࡣᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࢆ୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓኚᩘࠋ
210- 210 -

᭱኱








㸰㸬ศᯒ᪉ἲࡢㄝ᫂
㸦㸯㸧࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᴫせ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢゎㄝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᪤࡟ᗄࡘࡶࡢⰋ᭩ࡀห⾜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ᒇୖᒇࢆᯫࡉ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡟ࡑࡢせⅬࡔࡅࢆグ㍕ࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋ⡆₩࡟㏙࡭ࢀࡤ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡣ㸪㝵ᒙᵓ㐀࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣධࢀᏊ㸦ࢿࢫࢺ㸧ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㐺ษ࡟ศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿ(ὀ 1)ࠋ
ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡟ࡑࡗ࡚ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪≉ᐃࡢᏛ⣭ࡸᏛᰯ࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜ࢃ࠿ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢆከ᫬Ⅼ࡛ ᐃࡋ࡚ᚓࡽࢀࡓࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪ྛඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢿࢫࢺ㸦ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ໬㸧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼
ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡸධࢀᏊᵓ㐀ࡢ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡍࡿ࡟㝿ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆࡢ┦㛵ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡏࡎ㏻ᖖࡢᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝ඲య࡛ࡳ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛫࡟┦㛵ࡀ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫᰯࡸᆅᇦࡈ࡜
࡟ࡳࢀࡤ⤖ᯝࡣ␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉෆ࡟┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ┦㛵ࢆ⪃៖ࡏࡎ࡟ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪᳨ᐃࡢ㐣ㄗࡀ㉳ࡇࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢព࿡࡛㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡣ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡢ᝟ሗࢆ⏝࠸ࡓㄗᕪࡢ⿵ṇ࡜ಶయࡈ࡜ࡢኚ㔞ຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ
࠶ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ j ࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࢆ ࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢேᩘ㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸧ࢆ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ᭱ᑠ஧஌ἲ࡛ࡣ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡣ௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪⡆␎໬ࡢࡓࡵ࡟௚ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆ┬␎ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

=

+

+

ࡇࡇ࡛ ࡣษ∦ࢆ㸪 ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘ㸪 ࡣㄗᕪ㡯ࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡍࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࡀ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡸධࢀᏊᵓ㐀࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣษ∦ࡸಀᩘࡢㄗᕪศᩓࡀᑠࡉࡃ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡸධࢀᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࡇࡢ⡆౽࡞᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣྰᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀ」ᩘᅇほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ㸦ಶே㸧ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫຊࢫࢥ
࢔ࡢ㸦ษ∦ࡢ㸧㧗ࡉࡀ㐪࠺࡜࠸࠺᝿ᐃࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ j ࡢᏛᖺ i ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᏛຊࢫ
ࢥ࢔ S ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ CS ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢ᝿ᐃࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿ㸦ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ㸧ࠋࣞ࣋ࣝ 1㸸

=++ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2㸸

=+++ࡇࡇ࡛ GRADE ࡣᏛᖺࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪GENDER ࡣ⏨Ꮚࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆ࠶ࡽࢃࡍࠋ ࠿ࡽ ࡣྛ211- 211 -

ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢಀᩘ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪 ࡣㄗᕪ㡯࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᭱ᑠ஧஌ἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅇᖐศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ษ∦ࡣ඲࡚ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡛➼ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ព࿡࡛ᐃᩘ ࡀタᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ࡛ࡣษ∦ࡣඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡈ࡜࡟␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡜タᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢษ∦ࡅ್ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ษ∦ࡢ඲యᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡜ಶேࡈ࡜ࡢㄗᕪ

ࡣࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࡢᩘࡔ
࡜࡟ศࡅࡿࡇ࡜

ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛཰㞟ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ㸪᫬Ⅼ࡜ಶேࡢୖ఩ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡛࠶ࡿᏛᰯ࡜
࠸࠺ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞㧗ࡉࡀ㐪࠺࡜࠸࠺᝿ᐃࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋୖグ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝ 1 ࢆ᫬Ⅼ㸪ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2 ࢆඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜ࡋࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡓࡀ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟Ꮫᰯࢆୖ఩ࡢࣞ࣋ࣝ 3 ࡟タᐃࡋ࡚ࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᏛᰯ k ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ j ࡢᏛᖺ i ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ S ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡼࡗ
࡚Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢᖹᆒⓗ࡞㧗ࡉࡀ㐪࠺࡜࠸࠺᝿ᐃࢆࣔࢹࣝ໬ࡍࡿ࡜ḟࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
ࣞ࣋ࣝ 1㸸

=

+

+

=

+

+

=

+

+

ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2㸸
ࣞ࣋ࣝ 3㸸

ษ∦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡅㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㸪ษ∦ᚐࡈ࡜ࡢㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿ
࡜ࡢㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡟ศࡅࡽࢀ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ษ∦ࡣษ∦ࡢ඲యᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡣษ∦ࡢ඲యᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡜ඣ❺࣭⏕
࡜Ꮫᰯࡈ

࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪㏻ᖖࡢ᭱ᑠ஧஌ἲ࡛ࡣᐃᩘ࡛࠶ࡿษ∦ࢆ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ࡛ࡣ☜⋡ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࠋ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ษ∦ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃಀᩘ㸦ഴࡁ㸧ࡶࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ
⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋഴࡁࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ࡍࡿ࡜ࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ࡉࢀࡓಀᩘࡶᖹᆒ࡜ㄗᕪࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ಀᩘࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘ㸧ࡀಶேࡸᏛ
ᰯ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋୖグ࡟♧ࡋࡓ 3 ᒙࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⡆༢໬ࡋ࡚㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆᏛ⣭つᶍ CS ࡢࡳグ㏙ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ࡍࡿ
࡜㸪᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡣḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࣞ࣋ࣝ 1㸸

=

+

=
=

+
+

=

+

+

ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2㸸

ࣞ࣋ࣝ 3㸸
=+ಀᩘࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡔࡅㄝ᫂ࢆຍ࠼࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㸪212- 212 -

ࡣഴࡁࡢ඲యᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡜ಶேࡈ࡜ࡢഴࡁࡢㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟Ꮫᰯࡈ࡜ࡢഴࡁࡢㄗᕪ࡛࠶ࡿ

࡟ศࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ඛࡢᘧࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜ḟࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ

=

+

+

+

+

ࡣഴࡁࡢ඲యᖹᆒ࡛࠶ࡿ

+

࡜

+

ᚋࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㡯┠཯ᛂ⌮ㄽ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚ィ⟬ࡉࢀࡓᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ್ࢆ㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫᖺ㸪ᛶู㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㸦㸱㸧㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿
๓㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ษ∦ࡸಀᩘࡢㄗᕪศᩓࡀᑠࡉࡃ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡸධࢀᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫ࡢᕪ␗ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿᚲせࡀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪㏻ᖖࡢᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛஦㊊ࡾࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࡸධࢀᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᪉ࡀⰋ࠸࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࢆẚ
㍑ࡋ࡚Ỵࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࢆẚ㍑ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ඛࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡜ఱ࠿ࡋࡽࡢฎ⌮ࢆຍ࠼ࡓᚋࡢࣔ
ࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑬᗘ㸦ࡺ࠺࡝㸧ẚ࢝࢖஧஌᳨ᐃࢆ⾜࠸ࣔࢹࣝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡬ࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓ࠿
࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵᮏ⠇࡛ࡣձ㏻ᖖࡢᅇᖐศᯒ㸪ղඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢษ∦ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ㐪࠺࡜᝿ᐃࡍࡿࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ㸪ճඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐཬࡧᏛᰯࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢษ∦ࡢ㧗ࡉࡀ㐪࠺࡜᝿ᐃࡍࡿࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ୕ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓᚋ࡟ձvsղ㸪ղvsճ㸪ձvsճࡢࣔࢹࣝࡢẚ㍑ࢆ⾜࠸㸪᭱㐺࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆぢᴟࡵࡓୖ࡛⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ࡞࠾㸪⤖ㄽࢆඛྲྀࡾࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㸪ձvsղࡢ᳨
ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜࡣ඲࡚ࡢ᥎ᐃࣔࢹ࡛ࣝղࡀᨭᣢࡉࢀ㸪ձvsճࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜࡣ඲࡚ࡢ
᥎ᐃࣔࢹ࡛ࣝճࡀᨭᣢࡉࢀࡿࡢ࡛㸪ḟ㡯࡛ࡣձ㏻ᖖࡢᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ┬␎ࡋ㸪ղ࡜ճࡢศ
ᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ㸪㐺ྜⓗ࡞᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚☜ㄆࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ
㸱㸬ศᯒ⤖ᯝ
㸦㸯㸧ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ㸦 ᒙ㸧ࡲࡎ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸲㸦ᅜㄒ㸧㸪⾲㸳㸦⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ㸧㸪⾲㸴㸦ⱥㄒ㸧࡟♧ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⾲࡟࠾࠸࡚ Model 1 ࡣᏛᖺ࡜ᛶู࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡔࡅࢆຍ࠼ࡓ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ㸪Model 2 ࡣ Model 1 ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࢆຍ࠼ࡓ᥎ᐃࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ
࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Model 3 ࡣ୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡑࡢ 2 ஌ࢆᢞධࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋᬻᐃⓗ࡟⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃ࡜㸪⾲㸲ࡢᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛ⣭つつᶍኚᩘࡣ㸪᥎ᐃ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ಀᩘࡢ➢ྕࡢྥࡁࡀኚࢃࡾ⤫୍ⓗ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪⾲㸳ࡢ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛ⣭つつᶍኚᩘࡣ㸪୍ḟ㡯ࡀ㈇㸪஧ḟ㡯ࡀṇࡢ್ࢆ࡜ࡿࠋ⾲㸴ࡢⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࢆỴᐃࡍࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢᏛ⣭つつᶍኚᩘࡣ㸪୍ḟ㡯ࡀṇ㸪஧ḟ㡯ࡀ㈇ࡢ್ࢆ࡜ࡿ(ὀ 2)ࠋ

213- 213 -

⾲㸲 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦2 ᒙ㸧
0RGHO-

0RGHO-

0RGHO-

ᑠ

UHI

UHI

UHI

ᑠ





























































 





ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸᫬Ⅼ

୰

୰

୰

ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ಶே⏨ᏊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⣭つᶍ஌




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌




ᐃᩘ㡯

























ಶே







ᩘ







ᑐᩘᑬᗘ





ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
ಶே

⣭ෆ┦㛵

ほ

ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ214- 214 -

⾲㸳 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦2 ᒙ㸧
0RGHO0

0RGHO0

0RGHO0

ᑠ

UHI

UHI

UHI

ᑠ





































































ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸᫬Ⅼ

୰

୰

୰

ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ಶே⏨ᏊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⣭つᶍ஌




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌




ᐃᩘ㡯

























ಶே







ᩘ







ᑐᩘᑬᗘ





ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
ಶே

⣭ෆ┦㛵

ほ

ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ215- 215 -

⾲㸴 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦2 ᒙ㸧
0RGHO(0RGHO(0RGHO(

୰

UHI

UHI

UHI

୰

































ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸᫬Ⅼࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ಶே⏨ᏊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⣭つᶍ஌




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌




ᐃᩘ㡯

























ಶே







ᩘ







ᑐᩘᑬᗘ





ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
ಶே

⣭ෆ┦㛵

ほ

ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝ㸦 ᒙ㸧ḟ࡟㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ࡜Ꮫᰯࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸵㸦ᅜㄒ㸧㸪⾲㸶㸦⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ㸧㸪⾲㸷㸦ⱥㄒ㸧࡟♧ࡍࠋࣞ࣋ࣝ 3 ࡟Ꮫᰯࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮᝟ሗࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓ௨እࡣ㸪ඛ࡜ྠࡌ᥎ᐃࣔࢹ࡛ࣝศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඛࡢ᥎ᐃ࠿ࡽࣔࢹࣝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡬ࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡓ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆㄪ࡭ࡿࡓࡵᑬᗘẚ࢝࢖஧஌᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ࡢ᭱ୗẁ࡟グ㍕ࡋ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ

216

- 216 -

⾲㸵 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦3 ᒙ㸧
0RGHO-

0RGHO-

0RGHO-

ᑠ

UHI

UHI

UHI

ᑠ





































































ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸᫬Ⅼ୰୰୰ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ಶே
⏨Ꮚࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ᏛᰯᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⣭つᶍ஌




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌




ᐃᩘ㡯





































Ꮫᰯ







ಶே







ᩘ







ᑐᩘᑬᗘ





/5᳨ᐃࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
Ꮫᰯ
ಶே
⣭ෆ┦㛵

ほ

ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ217- 217 -

⾲㸶 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦3 ᒙ㸧
0RGHO0

0RGHO0

0RGHO0

ᑠ

UHI

UHI

UHI

ᑠ





































































ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸᫬Ⅼ୰୰୰ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ಶே
⏨Ꮚࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ᏛᰯᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⣭つᶍ஌




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌




ᐃᩘ㡯



































Ꮫᰯ







ಶே







ᩘ







ᑐᩘᑬᗘ





/5᳨ᐃ





ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
Ꮫᰯ
ಶே
⣭ෆ┦㛵

ほ

ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ218- 218 -

⾲㸷 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦3 ᒙ㸧
0RGHO(0RGHO(0RGHO(

୰

UHI

UHI

UHI

୰

































ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸᫬Ⅼࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ಶே
⏨Ꮚࣞ࣋ࣝ㸸ᏛᰯᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⣭つᶍ஌




&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

&Ꮫ⣭つᶍ஌




ᐃᩘ㡯













ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
Ꮫᰯ

























Ꮫᰯ







ಶே







ᩘ







ᑐᩘᑬᗘ





/5᳨ᐃ







ಶே
⣭ෆ┦㛵

ほ

ฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ⾲㸵࡜⾲㸶ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜ᑬᗘẚ࢝࢖஧஌᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࡀ᭷ព࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᏛᰯࡢࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮᝟ሗࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐ
ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡣᨵၿࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋษ∦ࡢㄗᕪศᩓࡀᑠࡉࡃᏛᰯࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓศᯒࡣ≉࡟ᚲせ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᫬Ⅼ࡜ಶேࡢ 2 ᒙࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋ୍᪉㸪ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑬᗘẚ࢝࢖஧஌᳨ᐃࡢ
⤖ᯝࡀ᭷ព࡞ࡢ࡛㸪᫬Ⅼ㸪ಶே㸪Ꮫᰯࡢ 3 ᒙࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆゎ㔘ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࠋศ
219- 219 -

ᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
➨ 1 ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸲ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌࡜ C Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࡣඹ࡟᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ஧ḟ㛵ᩘࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶࡼ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ Model J1 ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘࢆࡳࡿ࡜ṇ࡛
10㸣Ỉ‽᭷ព࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔
ࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ಀᩘ್ࡣ 0.001 ࡜ᑠࡉ࠸ࠋModel J2 ࡜ J3 ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘ್ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ-0.001 ࡜ 0.001 ࡛ࢮࣟࡢ㏆㎶࡟࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ
㛵ಀࡣ↓┦㛵࡟㏆࠸࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿ(ὀ 3)ࠋ
➨ 2 ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸳ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ C Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ㈇࡛᭷ព㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌࡜ C Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࡣṇ࡛᭷ព࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍஌㡯㸪஧஌㡯࡜ࡶ࡟᭷ព࡛㸪୍஌㡯ࡀ㈇㸪஧஌㡯ࡀṇ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ U Ꮠᆺࡢ஧ḟ㛵ᩘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋModel M2 ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࡢಀᩘ್࠿ࡽᴟ್ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ 36.2 ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ᶓ㍈ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ
36.2 ேࡲ࡛ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⦪㍈ࡢ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡣపୗࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀୖࡀࡿ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ㸧ࠋ36.2 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜
㏫࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࢀࡤ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀୖࡀࡿ㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
➨ 3 ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸷ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ C Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ㈇㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌࡜ C Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ஧஌
㡯ࡀ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ஧ḟ㛵ᩘࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡞ࡃ࡚ࡶ
ࡼ࠸࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ Model E4 ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘࢆࡳࡿ࡜㈇࡛ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽᭷ព࡜࠸࠺
⤖ᯝࢆᚓ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸦ᑠࡉࡃ㸧࡞ࢀࡤ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝ⱥㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀୗࡀࡿ㸦ୖࡀࡿ㸧࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ಀᩘࡢ⤯ᑐ್ࡣ 0.003 ࡜௚ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢ್࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚኱ࡁࡃࡣ
࡞࠸ࠋ㸦㸱㸧ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦࣭ಀᩘࣔࢹࣝ
᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ษ∦ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘ࡜᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀኚ໬ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ⾲㸯㸮࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋModel J7 ࡣ Model
J1 ࡢ㸪Model M7 ࡣ Model M1 ࡢ㸪Model E7 ࡣ Model E4 ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝ
ࢆຍ࠼ࡓሙྜࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᑬᗘẚ࢝࢖஧஌᳨ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪Model J1 ࡜ Model J7 ࡢ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣ᭷ព࡟࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝࢆຍ࠼࡚ࡶࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ
ࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡣୖ᪼ࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඛ࡟♧ࡋࡓ⾲㸯ࡢㄝ᫂ࡀᮏ⠇࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡿࠋModel M1 ࡜ Model M7 ࡢ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘ್࡟ኚ໬ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ಀᩘࡢศᩓࡶ࡯ࡰࢮࣟ
࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ಶேࡈ࡜࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ㐪࠺࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋྠᵝ࡟ Model E4 ࡜ Model E7ࡢ᳨ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝࢆຍ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ
ࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡀୖ᪼ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡕࡽࡶᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘ್࡟኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡣ
࡞ࡃ㸪ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ಀᩘࡢศᩓࡶ࡯ࡰࢮ࡛ࣟ࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫᰯࡈ࡜࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ㐪࠺࡜ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃ࠸ࠋ
220- 220 -

⾲㸯㸮 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸦ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ಀᩘ㸧
0RGHO-

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୰
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⏨Ꮚ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
ᐃᩘ㡯

0RGHO(UHIࣛࣥࢲ࣒ಀᩘࡢศᩓ
Ꮫᰯ


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ࣛࣥࢲ࣒ษ∦ࡢศᩓ
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⣭ෆ┦㛵
Ꮫᰯ

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ᩘ



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ᑐᩘᑬᗘ

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ほ/5᳨ᐃฟ඾㸸➹⪅సᡂࠋ
ὀ㸸ref.ࡣᇶ‽ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉࠋᣓᘼෆࡢᩘ್ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ㸩10㸣Ỉ‽㸪*5㸣Ỉ‽㸪**1㸣Ỉ‽㸪***0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ពࠋ221- 221 -

㸲㸬 ࡲ࡜ࡵ
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛ࡜ⱥㄒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡢ㛫࡟㈇ࡢ㛵ಀࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡶࡢ
ࡢ㸪ࡑࡢᙳ㡪ຊࡣ௚ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸪ᛶู㸧ࡼࡾࡶᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵ಀࡣୗ࡟ฝࡢ஧ḟ㛵ᩘࡢ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡾ㸪ᴟ್ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ 36.2 ࡜࠸࠺ᩘ್ࡀ
ᚓࡽࢀࡓࠋ1 ே࠿ࡽ 36.2 ேࡲ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡣ
ୗࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡁ㸪36.2 ேࢆ㉸࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⟬ᩘ࣭ᩘᏛࡢᏛຊ
ࢫࢥ࢔ࡣୖࡀࡗ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍኚᩘࡢಀᩘ್ࡀ௚ࡢㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ẚࡋ࡚ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡞㛵ಀࡀぢ࠸ࡔࡏ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࡟ᑐࡍࡿཎᅉࡣ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝈⏺࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⡆₩࡟グࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ➨ 1 ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟᫂☜࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽ⏕ࡲࢀࡿᏛຊࡢᕪ
␗ࢆಶࠎࡢᩍᖌࡢດຊ࡞࡝ࡀᇙࡵྜࢃࡏࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ㸪௒ᚋࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸௚ࡢ School Quality ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓศᯒࡀᚲせ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ಶࠎࡢᩍᖌࡢᒓᛶ㸪ࢫ࢟ࣝ㸪⤒㦂㸦ᩍᖌࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ School Quality㸧㸪ᩍᖌࡀಶࠎࡢᏛ⣭࡛ྲྀࡾᚓࡿᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡸᩍᮦࡢᕪ␗㸦Ꮫ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ School Quality㸧㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫᰯ඲య࡛ࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࡸᩍ⫱┠ᶆࡢᕪ␗㸦Ꮫᰯࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ School Quality㸧ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ໬ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿ㸦Mayer et al.
2000㸧ࠋ➨ 2 ࡟㸪ᮏ⠇࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡀ≉ᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࢆ⾜࠺࡟㝿ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮ࡀᙧᡂ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺㔜኱࡞㝈⏺
ࢆ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡇࡢ᝟ሗࡀ࠶ࢀࡤᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣኚࢃࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ఀ⸨࡯࠿
㸦2017㸧ࡀ᥇⏝ࡋࡓ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࡶྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋಶே᝟ሗಖㆤࡸከᛁ࡞
୰࡛ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱᩚഛ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᐇົⓗ࡞ၥ㢟࡜ࡶ㛵ಀࡋᅔ㞴࡞ഃ㠃ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿࡀ㸪ศᯒ࡟⪏࠼࠺ࡿඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᩚഛ࣭⵳✚ࡀᇶᮏⓗ࡞ྲྀ⤌࡜ࡋ࡚ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ᳨ウࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᖹᑿᬛ㝯㸦ᦤ༡኱Ꮫ㸧㣤⏣ᫍⰋ㸦㏣ᡭ㛛Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ㸦2017㸧ࠕࢡࣛࢫࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࠖࠗᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲࠘65(4), pp.
451-465.
Kreft, I. G., & de Leeuw, J. (1998). Introducing multilevel modeling. SAGE Publications,Ltd.㸦ᑠ㔝ᑎᏕ⩏ヂࠗᇶ♏࠿ࡽᏛࡪ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ̿ධࡾ⤌ࢇࡔᩥ⬦࠿ࡽ᪂ࡓ࡞⌮222- 222 -

ㄽࢆ๰ฟࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ⤫ィᡭἲ࠘ࢼ࢝ࢽࢩࣖฟ∧㸪2006 ᖺ㸧
Mayer, D. P., Mullens, J. E., & Moore, M. T. (2000). Monitoring School Quality: An

Indicators Report (NCES 2001–030). U.S. Department of Education. National Centerfor

Education

Statist. https://nces.ed.gov/pubs2001/2001030.pdf(accessed

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January 2023)
ΎỈ⿱ኈ㸦2014㸧ࠗಶே࡜㞟ᅋࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒ࠘ࢼ࢝ࢽࢩࣖฟ∧㸪2014 ᖺࠋ⟄஭῟ஓ࣭୙◚㯞⣖Ꮚ㸦2008㸧ࠕ࣐ࣝࢳ࣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡜ᐇ㊶ࠖࠗ⌮ㄽ࡜᪉ἲ࠘23(2),pp.139-149.
Twisk, J. (2006). Applied Multilevel Analysis: A Practical Guide for Medical Researchers.
Cambridge University Press.

ὀ
1 ౛࠼ࡤ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࡢධ㛛᭩࡜ࡋ࡚ⱥ᭩࡛ࡣ Kref and de Leeuw (1998)ࡸ
Twisk(2006)࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪᪥ᮏㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ Kref and de Leeuw (1998)ࡢ⩻ヂ࡛࠶ࡿᑠ㔝ᑎ㸦2006㸧
㸪ΎỈ㸦2014㸧㸪⟄஭࣭୙◚㸦2008㸧࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
2 ⾲㸴ࡢ Model E2㸦Model E3㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌㸦C Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌㸧ࡣ 0.000 ࡜⾲グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪┬␎ࡏࡎ࡟グࡏࡤࡑࡢ್ࡣඹ࡟-0.0003259 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ3 Model J5 ࡛ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㈇࡛᭷ព㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2 ஌ࡣṇ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋୗ࡟ฝࡢ஧ḟ㛵ᩘࡢ㛵ಀࡀᥥࡅࡿࡢ࡛㸪ཧ⪃ࡲ࡛࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢಀᩘ್࠿ࡽᴟ್ࢆィ⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ 45.7 ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᶓ㍈ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ 45.7 ேࡲ࡛ቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡃ࡟ᚑࡗ࡚⦪㍈ࡢᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡣపୗࡋ࡚࠸
ࡃࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ45.7 ࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜㏫࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࢀࡤᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀୖࡀࡿ
㛵ಀ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⾲㸯ࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭱኱್ࡣ 44 ࡞ࡢ࡛㸪45.7 ேࡢᏛ⣭ࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⌧ᐇⓗ࡟ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࢀࡤᅜㄒࡢᏛຊࢫࢥ࢔ࡀୖࡀ
ࡿ㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ




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223

- 223 -

➨㸳❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࣭ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸯⠇ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡸᩍ⛉ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟㸪࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫຊ࡞࡝ࡢᏊ౪ࡢ࢔࢘ࢺ࣒࢝࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࢆ㒊ศⓗ࡟᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟
࠶ࡿࠋᮏሗ࿌᭩ࡢ௚ࡢ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ゝཬࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟୚࠼
ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞⤖ᯝࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡢᴗົ㛫ࡢ㓄ศࡸඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍ
ဨࡢᩍᤵάືࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ኚࢃࡿࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪஧ࡘࡢᕷ༊⏫ᮧ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓᩍဨㄪᰝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋᩍဨㄪᰝࡣ 2017 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ 3 ᖺ㛫⾜ࢃࢀ㸪ᘏ࡭⣙ 1,500 ேࡢᩍဨࡢ༠ຊࢆᚓࡓࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⣙ 75%ࡣᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ṧࡾࡣ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ
ࡢㄪᰝࢆࡶ࡜࡟ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࡜ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡢᴫせࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕಶูࡢᴗົ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡛㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ᖹ᪥ࡢࠕᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠖ
ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖ㸪ఇ᪥ࡢࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ࡯࠿㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀᖹ᪥ࡢࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖࠕࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࢆቑຍࡉࡏ㸪ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࡣῶᑡࡉࡏࡿഴྥࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ᢅࡗࡓ 18 㡯┠ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢ࠺ࡕᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕᩍᐊࡢ✵㛫ⓗࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࠖࡢ
☜ಖࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡸ㸪ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ㦁࠸ࡔࡾ㸪ᭀࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚㸪ᤵᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࠖࡇ࡜ࡀ
㉳ࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ㈨ᩱࡸィ⏬ⓗ࡞ᯈ᭩࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࢆどぬ࡛༳㇟࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ᙺ๭ࡸసᴗࢆ୚࠼࡚ᤵᴗ࡟ཧ
ຍࡉࡏ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆಁࡍᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘ
ࢀ࡚㸪᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᮏ❶ࡣࡲࡎ㸪㛵㐃ࡍࡿᅜෆࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓᩍဨㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮
ࢱࡢ☜ㄆ࡜㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓປാ᫬㛫ࡢศᕸ࡞࡝ࢆ♧ࡍࠋḟ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ௨እࡢせᅉࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡸࡑࡢ㓄ศ㸪ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᮏ❶ࡢ▱ぢࢆࡲ࡜ࡵ㸪௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࢆ㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸰⠇ ඛ⾜◊✲㸯㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ປാ᫬㛫 ࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜෆࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᗄࡘ࠿ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1966㸦᫛࿴ 41㸧ᖺᗘ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠕᩍ⫋ဨࡢ໅ົ≧ἣㄪᰝ࡛ࠖࡣ㸪ᩍ⫋ဨ୍ே
224- 224 -

ᙜࡓࡾඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍ⫋ဨࡢ໅ົ᫬㛫࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆ㞟ィࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ(ᩍဨ⤥୚◊✲఍⦅ 1971)ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ᩍ⫋ဨ୍ேᙜࡓࡾඣ❺⏕ᚐᩘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜᭹ົ᫬㛫እࡢ໅ົ᫬㛫ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡣ㸪ᢸ௵Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚໅ົ᫬㛫࡟㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᢸ௵Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚᭹ົ᫬㛫ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
2006㸦ᖹᡂ 18㸧ᖺᗘཬࡧ 2016㸦ᖹᡂ 28㸧ᖺᗘ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠕᩍဨ໅ົᐇែㄪᰝࠖࡢሗ
࿌᭩㸦ᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲேᮾி኱Ꮫ㸪2007㸹ࣜ࣋ࣝࢱࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㸪2018㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᢸ௵Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍ࡜ᖹᆒ໅ົ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࡀ㞟ィࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᢸ௵Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ᩍဨ࡯࡝໅ົ᪥ࡢ໅ົ᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞
࠾㸪2016 ᖺᗘㄪᰝࡢヲ⣽࡞㞟ィ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪໅ົ᫬㛫ࡢቑ኱ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ୺ࡓࡿᴗ
ົࡣᡂ⦼ฎ⌮࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿᅇᖐศ
ᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘ᥎ᐃ್ࡣṇ࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦ࣜ࣋ࣝࢱࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ㸪2018㸪⾲ 4-5㸧ࠋ⚄ᯘ㸦2021㸧ࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࡢつᐃせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇᖐศᯒ㸦ࣃࢫゎᯒ㸧ࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ୰࡛㸪ᢸ௵Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀᑠᏛᰯᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࢆቑຍࡉࡏࡿ࡜ྠ᫬࡟㸪⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࢆపୗࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶⓎぢࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ
ḟ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᅜෆࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚௨ୗ
ࡢࡶࡢࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᒣᓮ⦅㸦2014㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦㠃࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪኱つᶍᏛ⣭࡯࡝ࠕ⌮ゎ୙༑ศ࡛ࡶḟࡢ༢ඖ࡟㐍ࡲࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ᑠつᶍᏛ⣭࡯࡝ࠕࡦ࡜ࡾ୍ேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶࡀᤵᴗࢆ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿㸪ᢕᥱ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ㸪ࠕ⌮ゎ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸Ꮚ࡝
ࡶ࡟⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋ࡚ᣦᑟࡍࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ࠶ࡿࠖ࡜ᩍဨࡀឤࡌ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ᭦࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ࠿ࡽ㸪ඣ❺ഃ࠿ࡽࡳࡓᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪኱つᶍᏛ⣭࡟࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚㸪ࠕసᩥࡸ᪥グ࡞࡝࡟ゝⴥࢆ᭩࠸࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖ
㸪ࠕࢸࢫࢺࡣࡍࡄ㏉ࡋ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖ㸪ࠕ₎Ꮠࡢ㛫㐪࠸ࡀ࡞࠸࠿㸪ࡼࡃぢ࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖ
㸪ࠕࢸࢫࢺ࡛㛫㐪
࠼ࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࡢࡸࡾ᪉ࢆᩍ࠼࡚ࡃࢀࡿࠖ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ྰᐃⓗ࡞ᅇ⟅ࡀቑ࠼ࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᒣ᳃㸦2015㸧࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝࡢ⮬⏤グ㏙ࢆඖ࡟ࡋࡓࢥࣞࢫ࣏ࣥࢹࣥࢫศᯒ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀኚ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ 20 ே௨ୗࡢሙྜ
࡟ࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ๓ࡢಶ࡟ᛂࡌࡓᣦᑟࡢ‽ഛࡸ㸪ᤵᴗ୰࡟඲ဨ࡟Ⓨゝ㸪ᐙᗞᏛ⩦࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ☜ㄆࡸ⿵඘ᣦᑟ࡞࡝ࡁࡵ⣽࠿࠸ᣦᑟ㸪ᐇ㦂ࡢᅇᩘࢆቑࡸࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ࡞࡝άືࢆక࠺Ꮫ⩦࡛඲ဨࡀయ㦂࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᮘ㛫ᣦᑟࡀ▷᫬㛫࡛࡛ࡁಶูᣦᑟホ౯ࡀᐜ᫆࡞ࡇ࡜㸪཯᚟⦎⩦➼࡛Ꮫ⩦ࡢ⩦⇍ࢆᅗࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ☜ಖ㸪➼ࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 35 ே௨ୖࡢሙྜࡣ㸪ࢢ࣮ࣝࣉ㛫஺ὶࡢᶵ఍ࡢ☜ಖ㸪ඣ❺ࡢᙺ๭ศᢸ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ┦஫స⏝㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓඣ❺ࡢከᵝᛶࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓᣦᑟࡢᕤኵࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ25 ே⛬ᗘࡢሙྜ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟౫Ꮡࡏࡎ㸪ಶࠎࡢᩍဨࡢᣦᑟᢏ⾡ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀࡼࡾ㔜せ࡞せ⣲࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ225- 225 -

㸱⠇ ࢹ࣮ࢱ
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋᩍဨㄪᰝࡣ X ┴ A ᕷ㸪Y ┴ B ᕷࡢ୧ᕷ࡟࠾࠸
࡚㸪2017 ᖺ㸪2018 ᖺ㸪2019 ᖺࡢ 3 ᖺ㛫⾜ࢃࢀࡓㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࠋㄪᰝ㡯┠ࡣᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘ㸪Ꮫ⣭ᢸ௵࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪ᩍဨ࡜⏕ᚐࡢ࠿࠿ࢃࡾ᪉ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸪ປാ᫬㛫࡞࡝ࢆᑜࡡ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ⾲㸯ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓᩍဨࡢ≧ἣࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋẖᖺ⣙ 500 ྡࡢᩍဨࡀㄪᰝ࡟༠ຊࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙ 75%ࡀᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨ㸪⣙ 25%ࡀ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᢸ௵࡛࠶ࡿ
Ꮫ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ♧ࡍࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣᩍဨㄪᰝ࡟
ཧຍࡋࡓ⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭ᢸ௵ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⪅ࡢࡳ࡟ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㝈ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡍࡇ࡜࡟ࡍ
ࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪ᅗ㸯ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㸪୰ᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢศᕸࢆ♧ࡍࠋᮏ❶࡛⏝࠸ࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡣᏛᖺࡢேᩘࢆᏛᖺࡢᏛ⣭ᩘ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㝖ࡋࡓᩘᏐ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶ㸪ྛᩍဨࡀᐇ㝿࡟ᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ྠࡌ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 35 ே๓ᚋ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢศᕸࡢᒣࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪33 ே࠿ࡽ 40 ேࡲ࡛࡟୍ᵝ࡟ศᕸࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪25ே௨ୗࡢᏛ⣭ࢆᢸ௵࡜ࡋ࡚ཷࡅᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᩍဨࡢᩘࡣᑠᏛᰯ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋ
㸯㸬ປാ᫬㛫ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡣ௨ୗࡢ 13 㡯┠ࡢάື᫬㛫ࢆᖹ᪥(᭶᭙᪥࠿ࡽ㔠᭙᪥)㸪ఇ᪥(ᅵ᭙᪥࡜᪥᭙᪥)ࡈ࡜࡟ఱ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆᑜࡡ࡚ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋປാ᫬㛫ࡢヲࡋ࠸ෆヂࡣḟ
ࡢ 13 㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿࠋࠕ1. ᤵᴗࠖ
㸪
ࠕ2. ᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖ㸪
ࠕ3. Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟࠖ㸪
ࠕ4. ᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖ㸪
ࠕ5. ⏕ᚐᣦ
ᑟࠖ㸪
ࠕ6. 㒊άື࣭ࢡࣛࣈάືࠖ㸪
ࠕ7. Ꮫᰯ⾜஦࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ఍ࡢᣦᑟࠖ
㸪
ࠕ8. Ꮫᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖ㸪
ࠕ9. Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀᴗົࠖ㸪
ࠕ10. እ㒊ᑐᛂࠖ㸪
ࠕ11. ᰯእ࡛ࡢᴗົ㸦◊ಟࡣ㝖ࡃ㸧ࠖ㸪
ࠕ12. ◊ಟࠖ㸪
ࠕ13.
ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᫬㛫ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ṧᴗࡸᑵᴗ᫬㛫እ࡛ࡢ᫬㛫ࡶྵࡴࡇ࡜࡜ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣୖグ㡯┠ࡍ࡭࡚࡛Ḟᦆ್ࡢ࡞࠸ࢣ࣮ࢫࡢྜィ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ㸰࡜ᅗ㸱ࡣᖹ᪥ 5 ᪥㛫࡜ఇ᪥ 2 ᪥㛫ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࢆᏛ⣭つᶍࡈ࡜࡟ࣉࣟࢵ
ࢺࡋࡓᅗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡣ 25 ே௨ୗࢆ 25 ேᏛ⣭㸪26 ே࠿ࡽ 30 ே௨ୗࢆ 30ேᏛ⣭㸪31 ே࠿ࡽ 35 ேࢆ 35 ேᏛ⣭㸪36 ே࠿ࡽ 40 ேࢆ 40 ேᏛ⣭࡜ศ㢮ࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪40 ேᏛ⣭࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 40 ேࢆ㉸࠼࡚࠸ࡓᩍဨࡢ᝟ሗࡶྵࡴࡇ࡜
࡜ࡍࡿࠋᅗ㸰ࡢ A ࡣᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨࡢᖹ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡽࡎ㸪⣙ 50 ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྠᅗࡢ B ࡢఇ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣ㸪30 ே㸪35 ேᏛ⣭ࡀ⣙ 4.9
᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪25 ேᏛ⣭࡛ࡣ⣙ 4.2 ᫬㛫㸪40 ேᏛ⣭࡛ࡣ⣙ 4.5 ᫬㛫࡟ẚ࡭࡚㛗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᅗ㸱ࡢ A ࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ୰Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢᖹ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣ⣙ 48 ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸
ࡿࠋ25 ேᏛ⣭࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿᩍဨࡢᩘࡣ௚ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ᶆ‽ㄗᕪࡣ኱ࡁ
ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᅗ㸱ࡢ B ࡢఇ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣ 25 ேᏛ⣭ࡢᩍဨ࡛⣙ 13 ᫬㛫㸪
30 ேᏛ⣭ࡢᩍဨ࡛⣙ 7 ᫬㛫㸪35 ேᏛ⣭௨ୖࡢᩍဨࡀ⣙ 10 ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᴫࡋ࡚㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨࡣᖹ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣ⣙ 50 ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿ኱ࡁ࡞
㐪࠸ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ఇ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣᑠᏛᰯࡼࡾࡶ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨ
ࡢ᪉ࡀ㛗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
226- 226 -

ḟ࡟㸪ປാ᫬㛫ࡢෆヂ࡛࠶ࡿ 13 ࡢᴗົࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᴫほࡍࡿࠋ⾲㸰࡟ࡼࢀࡤ㸪ᖹ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ⣙ 50 ᫬㛫㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ⣙ 48 ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡑࡢෆヂ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕᤵᴗࠖ㸪ࠕᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖ㸪ࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖ
㸪ࡲࡓ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ≉࡟ࠕ㒊άື࣭ࢡࣛࣈ
άືࠖ࡟᫬㛫ࡀ๭࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋఇ᪥ࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡣᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ⣙ 4.8 ᫬㛫㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ⣙ 10 ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୺࡟ࠕᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖࡸࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖࡢ᫬㛫࡟㈝ࡸࡉࢀ࡚࠸
ࡿࡀ㸪≉࡟୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣࠕ㒊άື࣭ࢡࣛࣈάືࠖ࡟࠾࠸࡚⣙ 5 ᫬㛫࡜࡞ࡿ࡞࡝ࡑࡢ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜ
ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ㸰㸬ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ
ᩍဨࡢᩍᐊ࡛ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡣ⾲㸱࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ 18 㡯┠࡟ศ࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩍဨㄪ
ᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྛᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕከᑡ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࠕ࠶ࡲࡾ࠶࡚
ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖ
ࠕ඲ࡃ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࠖࡢᅄࡘࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ୰࠿ࡽ୍ࡘ㑅ᢥ⫥ࢆᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚ࡶࡽࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ࠺ࡕࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ
ࠕከᑡ࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖࢆ㑅ᢥࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ 1㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟ 0 ࢆ࡜ࡿࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪୍㒊ࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 2019 ᖺ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄪᰝ࡛ࡢࡳᑜࡡࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
⾲㸱࡛ࡣྛᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ๭ྜࢆᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ศࡅ࡚♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ
࠿ࡽࡣࠕ⡆༢࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡛⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿ࡞࡝㸪ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕᤵᴗࡀࢸ࣏ࣥࡼ
ࡃ㐍ࡴࡼ࠺㸪ྛᅇࡢᤵᴗࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࢆලయⓗ࡟‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕ㌟㏆࡞ヰ㢟࡞࡝ࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆᢪ࠿ࡏࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡀࡼࡃྲྀࡾධࢀࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
୍᪉࡛㸪ࠕྛᅇࡢᤵᴗࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡸࠕᩍ⛉ࡢᏛ⩦ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢡࣛࢫࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㞟ᅋ(࠾࠾ࡼࡑ 3㹼6 ேࡢᑠ㞟ᅋ)࡟ศࡅ࡚㸪ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶
ࡿࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྲྀࡾධࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ๭ྜࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ

㸲⠇ ᅇᖐศᯒ
㸯㸬ศᯒᴫせᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ
㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ศࡅ࡚᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᇶᮏⓗ࡞᥎ᐃᘧࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

=

+

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ + ㄗᕪ㡯 ࡓࡔࡋ㸪 ࡣᩍဨಶேࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣྠࡌᩍဨࡀ 3 ᖺࡢ㛫࡟」ᩘᅇ㸪ᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᶆ‽ㄗᕪࡣᩍဨ༢఩࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ௨እࡢ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᩍဨࡀᢸ௵࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᏛᖺつᶍ(ேᩘ)㸪Ꮫᖺつᶍࡢ 2 ஌㸪ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸪⮬἞యࢲ࣑࣮㸪ㄪᰝᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᑟධࡋࡓࠋ
227- 227 -

ປാ᫬㛫ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪⥺ᙧᅇᖐࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆ
⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿሙྜࡣ㸪ࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ
ࠕከᑡᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ࡜ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ 1㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࢆ 0 ࡜ࡋࡓ 2 ್ኚᩘࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ Logit ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ♧ࡍࠋ㸰㸬ປാ᫬㛫
๓㏙ࡋࡓ 13 ࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡢ㡯┠࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࢆ඲࡚㊊ࡋྜࢃࡏࡓ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⾲㸲ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡶ࡜࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋྠᵝ࡟୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⾲㸳ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⾲㸲࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠᏛᰯᩍဨࡢᖹ᪥ཬࡧఇ᪥ࡢാࡃ᫬㛫࡟ 5%᭷ពỈ‽࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ຠᯝࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᖹ᪥ࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕࠕᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠖ
ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀ࡛ࠖࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀࡇࢀࡽࡢᴗົ᫬㛫ࢆᘏࡤࡍഴྥࡀ࠶
ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ఇ᪥ࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ḟ࡟㸪⾲㸳࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ୰Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢᖹ᪥ཬࡧఇ᪥ࡢാࡃ᫬㛫࡟ 5%᭷ពỈ‽࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞ຠᯝࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋᖹ᪥ࡢປാ᫬㛫࡛ࡣࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖࠕࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົࠖ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀṇ࡟┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖ
࡜ࡣ㈇࡟┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ᅵ᭙᪥ࢆྵࡵࡓఇ᪥ࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪10%᭷ពỈ‽࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠕᏛᰯ⾜஦࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ఍ࡢᣦᑟࠖࡀṇ࡟┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ
ࡇࡇࡲ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡿ࡜㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ᛶࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚㸪ᩍဨࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡀቑຍࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀᛶࡣほᐹ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢቑຍࡣᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡢ㓄ศࢆኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᖹ᪥࡛ࡣࠕᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠖ
ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖ㸪ఇ᪥࡛ࡣࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᫬㛫ࢆᘏࡤࡍഴྥ࡟࠶
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡢᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢቑຍࡀ≉࡟ᖹ᪥ࡢࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖࠕࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࢆᘏࡤࡋ㸪ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࢆ▷ࡃࡍࡿഴྥࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸱㸬ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ
ඛ࡟⾲㸱࡛♧ࡋࡓ 18 㡯┠ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ࠕ㠀ᖖ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ
ࠕከᑡᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡿࠖ࡜
ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓ⪅ࢆ㸯㸪ࡑࢀ௨እࡢ⪅ࢆ㸮࡜ࡋࡓ Logit ศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ୚࠼ࡿຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡛ࡣ⾲㸴ࢆ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣ⾲㸵࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ⾲㸴࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ 5%᭷ពỈ‽࡛ຠᯝࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡓ
ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡣࠕQ17. ᤵᴗ᫬ࡢᩍᐊࡢ✵㛫ⓗࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ㸦ᮘ㛫ᣦᑟ㸪⌜ูᏛ⩦㸪ࡑࡢ௚సᴗ㸪➼ࡢࡓࡵ㸧ࡣ༑ศ࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᣑ኱ࡍࡿ࡯࡝✵㛫ⓗࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢቑ኱࡟ࡼࡾ㸪
ࠕQ18. ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ㦁࠸ࡔࡾ㸪ᭀࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧ࠖࡀ㉳ࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺
ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
228- 228 -

୍᪉࡛㸪⾲㸵ࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᣦᑟἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪5%᭷ពỈ‽࡛᭷ព࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪
ࠕQ2. ㈨ᩱࡸィ⏬ⓗ࡞ᯈ᭩࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࢆどぬ࡛༳㇟࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ
ࠕQ6. ⏕ᚐ࡟ᙺ๭ࡸసᴗࢆ୚࠼࡚ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡉࡏ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆಁࡍᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࡀ᥇⏝ࡋ࡙ࡽࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ഴྥࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ᴫࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡜㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡣ୍㒊࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀᩍဨࡢࡁࡵ⣽࠿࡞ᣦᑟࡸᕤኵࡢ୍㒊ࢆไ㝈ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡶᩚྜⓗ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

㸳⠇ ࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ஧ࡘࡢᕷ༊⏫ᮧࡢᩍဨ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀࡓᩍဨㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍဨࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡸࡑࡢ᫬㛫㓄ศ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪➨୍࡟㸪ᩍဨࡢ⥲ປാ᫬㛫࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵ಀࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ಶูࡢᴗົ᫬㛫࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡟㐃ࢀ࡚㸪ᖹ᪥ࡢࠕᤵᴗ‽ഛࠖࠕᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࠖ
ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖ㸪ఇ᪥ࡢࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖ࡞࡝ࡢࡓࡵࡢ᫬㛫ࡣቑ࠼ࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾
࠸࡚ࡶ㸪≉࡟ᖹ᪥ࡢࠕᡂ⦼ฎ⌮ࠖࠕࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࡀቑ࠼ࡿഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ୍᪉࡛㸪ࠕᏛᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀࠖࡢ᫬㛫ࡣ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ➨஧࡟㸪ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࡣᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢ 18 㡯┠ࡢ࠺ࡕ୍㒊࡛ࡢࡳほᐹࡉࢀࡓࠋᑠᏛᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᩍᐊࡢ✵㛫ⓗࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡀ☜ಖࡋ࡙ࡽࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡸඣ❺ࡀ㦁ࡄ࡞࡝ࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࠕ㈨ᩱࡸィ⏬ⓗ࡞ᯈ᭩࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࢆどぬ࡛༳㇟࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖࠕ⏕ᚐ࡟ᙺ๭ࡸసᴗࢆ୚࠼࡚ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡉࡏ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆಁࡍᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸
ࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㡯┠࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱࡟ࡼࡾࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡙ࡽࡃ࡞ࡿ
࡜࠸࠺㛵ಀࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ศᯒୖࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ௨ୗࡢ 3 Ⅼࢆᣲࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪➨୍࡟㸪ศᯒ࡟฼⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝈⏺࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪⥲ປാ᫬㛫࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ≉ᐃࡢᆅᇦࡢᩍဨࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࢧࣥ
ࣉࣝㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜㸪ಶูࡢᴗົ᫬㛫ࡢྜィࢆ⥲ປാ᫬㛫࡜ᐃ⩏ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛ᮏ᮶ࡢᴗົ
᫬㛫ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡛₃ࢀࡀ⏕ࡌࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᣑ኱ࡀ࠶ࡿᴗົ᫬㛫ࡢቑຍࢆಁ
ࡍ࡜ྠ᫬࡟ูࡢᴗົ᫬㛫ࢆῶᑡࡉࡏ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀ┦ẅࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡢኚ໬ࡀࡳࡽ
ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡟⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪௒ᚋࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾ⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡸࡑࡢ᫬㛫㓄ศ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཰㞟ࡀᘬࡁ⥆ࡁồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
➨஧࡟㸪3 ᫬Ⅼศࡢᩍဨࡢ᝟ሗࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ⓨᒎⓗ࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᩍဨࡢほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᒓᛶ
ࢆไᚚࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࢆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᩍဨࡢປാ᫬㛫ࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡣ㸪ࡑࡢཷࡅᣢࡘ⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࡸᐙᗞ⎔ቃࡀ␗࡞ࢀࡤ㸪ኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣᏊ౪ࡢᏛ
ຊࡸᐙᗞ⎔ቃ࡞࡝ࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

229- 229 -

୰ᮧு௓㸦㛵ᮾᏛ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧ጒᑿ΅㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧໭ᲄ㞞୍㸦㥖⃝኱Ꮫ㸧⿵㑇ࡇࡢㄪᰝ࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥࡣᰠ⃝࣭ᒸᔱ(2016)㸪Jackson(2016)㸪
TIMSS2015 ᩍဨㄪᰝ࡞࡝ࡢ㈨ᩱࢆཧ↷ࡋ࡚సᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩

⚄ᯘᑑᖾ (2021) ࠕබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢ⏕ά‶㊊ᗘࢆつᐃࡍࡿせᅉࠖ㸪ࠗ᪥ᮏປാ◊✲㞧ㄅ࠘㸪
63(5)㸪81-93㸬ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ࣭ᒸᔱ⿱Ꮚ(2016)ࠕ୰Ꮫᰯᩍဨࡢᩍ⫱⾜ື බ❧୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍဨࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢩ
࣮ᢳฟࡢヨࡳࠖ
ࠗ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱♫఍Ꮫ఍➨ 68 ᅇ኱఍Ⓨ⾲せ᪨㞟㘓࠘㸪10-11ᩍဨ⤥୚◊✲఍⦅ (1971) ࠗᩍ⫱⫋ဨࡢ⤥୚≉ูᥐ⨨ἲゎㄝ࠘㸬ᅜ❧኱Ꮫἲேᮾி኱Ꮫ (2007) ࠗᩍဨ໅ົᐇែㄪᰝ㸦ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ㸧ሗ࿌᭩࠘㸬ࣜ࣋ࣝࢱࢫ࣭ࢥࣥࢧࣝࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ (2018) ࠕබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ➼ᩍဨ໅ົᐇែㄪᰝ◊✲ࠖㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸬ᒣᓮ༤ᩄ⦅㸦2014㸧ࠗᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢ♫఍Ꮫ ᐇែ࡜ᩍ⫱ຠᯝ࠘ᮾಙᇽ.
ᒣ᳃ග㝧㸦2015㸧ࠕᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠ࡟ࡼࡿᏛ⩦ᣦᑟࡢᕤኵࡢ㐪࠸㸦◊✲ 5㸧
ࠖ,ࠗᑡேᩘᣦᑟ࣭
ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡢຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿㄪᰝ◊✲࠘ㄪᰝ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩࣭➨㸷❶, ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ.
Jackson, K. (2016) "What Do Test Scores Miss? The Importance of Teacher Effects on
Non Test Score Outcomes," Working Paper No. 22226, National Bureau of Economic
Research, Cambridge, MA.

230- 230 -ᅗ⾲୍ぴᅗ㸯 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢศᕸ
ᑠᏛᰯ

୰Ꮫᰯ

231

- 231 -ᅗ㸰 Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ(ᑠᏛᰯ)
A. ᖹ᪥

B. ఇ᪥

232

- 232 -ᅗ㸱 Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⥲ປാ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ(୰Ꮫᰯ)
A. ᖹ᪥

B. ఇ᪥

233

- 233 -⾲㸯 ᩍဨศᕸ
2017

ேᩘ

๭ྜ

ᑠᏛᰯ

395

76.40

୰Ꮫᰯ

122

23.60

ᑠᏛᰯ

408

77.86

୰Ꮫᰯ

116

22.14

ᑠᏛᰯ

397

76.05

୰Ꮫᰯ

125

23.95

ᑠᏛᰯ

1200

76.78

୰Ꮫᰯ

363

23.22

2018

2019

ྜィ

234

- 234 -⾲㸰 ປാ᫬㛫ࡢグ㏙⤫ィ
ᖹ᪥

ᑠᏛᰯ

୰Ꮫᰯ

඲య

⥲ປാ᫬㛫

49.98

48.06

49.56

ᤵᴗ

22.87

17.07

21.54

ᤵᴗ‽ഛ

8.62

8.44

8.58

Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟ

3.30

1.70

2.94

ᡂ⦼ฎ⌮

4.71

4.68

4.70

⏕ᚐᣦᑟ

2.31

3.35

2.55

㒊άື࣭ࢡࣛࣈάື

0.40

5.03

1.47

Ꮫᰯ⾜஦࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ఍ࡢᣦᑟ

0.76

1.21

0.86

Ꮫᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀ

3.02

3.89

3.22

Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀᴗົ

2.50

2.28

2.45

እ㒊ᑐᛂ

0.87

0.99

0.89

ᰯእ࡛ࡢᴗົ㸦◊ಟࡣ㝖ࡃ㸧

0.81

1.05

0.87

◊ಟ

1.41

0.76

1.26

ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົ

0.18

0.19

0.18

ఇ᪥

ᑠᏛᰯ

୰Ꮫᰯ

඲య

⥲ປാ᫬㛫

4.81

10.09

5.96

ᤵᴗ

0.28

0.26

0.27

ᤵᴗ‽ഛ

2.88

2.43

2.77

Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟ

0.26

0.16

0.24

ᡂ⦼ฎ⌮

1.23

1.33

1.25

⏕ᚐᣦᑟ

0.08

0.19

0.10

㒊άື࣭ࢡࣛࣈάື

0.07

5.41

1.33

Ꮫᰯ⾜஦࣭ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐ఍ࡢᣦᑟ

0.10

0.43

0.18

Ꮫᖺ࣭Ꮫ⣭⤒Ⴀ

0.32

0.44

0.35

Ꮫᰯ㐠Ⴀᴗົ

0.27

0.16

0.25

እ㒊ᑐᛂ

0.19

0.23

0.20

ᰯእ࡛ࡢᴗົ㸦◊ಟࡣ㝖ࡃ㸧

0.03

0.10

0.05

◊ಟ

0.11

0.04

0.10

ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᴗົ

0.07

0.09

0.07

235

- 235 -⾲㸱 ᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡢグ㏙⤫ィ
ᑠᏛ

୰Ꮫ

ᰯ

ᰯ

0.92

0.95

0.93

0.89

0.93

0.90

Q3. ྛᅇࡢᤵᴗࡢ᭱ึ࡟㸪ᤵᴗࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ὶࢀࢆ᫂♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

0.88

0.87

0.88

Q4. ྛᅇࡢᤵᴗࡢ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࡢ᣺ࡾ㏉ࡾࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ

0.73

0.69

0.72

Q5. ㌟㏆࡞ヰ㢟࡞࡝ࢆྲྀࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࢆᢪ࠿

0.93

0.91

0.93

0.87

0.80

0.86

0.93

0.85

0.91

0.73

0.77

0.74

0.87

0.85

0.86

Q10. ᇶ♏ࡀᐃ╔ࡍࡿࡲ࡛⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋᩍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ

0.84

0.76

0.82

Q11. ⡆༢࡞࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡛⌮ゎࡉࡏࡿ࡞࡝㸪ศ࠿ࡾࡸࡍࡃㄝ᫂ࡋ

0.94

0.96

0.94

0.56

0.32

0.51

0.88

0.38

0.77

0.42

0.31

0.40

0.71

0.75

0.72

0.65

0.73

0.67

0.75

0.79

0.76

0.15

0.13

0.15

Q1. ᤵᴗࡀࢸ࣏ࣥࡼࡃ㐍ࡴࡼ࠺㸪ྛᅇࡢᤵᴗࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࢆලయ඲యⓗ࡟‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
Q2. ㈨ᩱࡸィ⏬ⓗ࡞ᯈ᭩࡞࡝࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࢆどぬ࡛༳㇟࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺‽ഛࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

ࡏࡿࡼ࠺ᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
Q6. ⏕ᚐ࡟ᙺ๭ࡸసᴗࢆ୚࠼࡚ᤵᴗ࡟ཧຍࡉࡏ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ࢆಁࡍᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
Q7. ᩍ⛉ࡢᏛ⩦ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⏕ᚐ࡝࠺ࡋ࡛ࡢᏛࡧ࠶࠸ࢆಁࡍ
ࡼ࠺࡟ᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
Q8. ᩍ⛉ࡢᏛ⩦ෆᐜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢡࣛࢫࢆ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿ࡢ㞟ᅋ(࠾࠾ࡼࡑ 3㹼6 ேࡢᑠ㞟ᅋ)࡟ศࡅ࡚㸪ᣦᑟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ
Q9. ⡆༢࡞ෆᐜ࠿ࡽẁ㝵ⓗ࡟⩦ᚓࡉࡏ㸪㐩ᡂឤࢆᢪ࠿ࡏࡿࡼ
࠺ᕤኵࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

࡚࠸ࡿ
Q12. ᤵᴗࡈ࡜࡟ẖᅇ㸪ᐟ㢟ࢆࡔࡍࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧
Q13. ᥦฟࡉࢀࡓᐟ㢟ࡣࡑࡢ᪥ࡢ࠺ࡕ࡟☜ㄆ࣭㏉༷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧Q14. ㏉༷ࡍࡿᐟ㢟࡟ࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࢆグධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧
Q15. ᤵᴗ୰ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢࡓࡵࡢ᫬㛫㸦Ꮫ⩦ࡢᣦ♧㸪ಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢኌ࠿ࡅ㸪㉁␲ᛂ⟅࡞࡝㸧ࡣ༑ศ࡟࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧
Q16. ᩍᐊࡢᥖ♧≀࣭ᒎ♧≀ࡢࡓࡵࡢ✵㛫ⓗࢫ࣮࣌ࢫࡣ༑ศ࡟
࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧Q17. ᤵᴗ᫬ࡢᩍᐊࡢ✵㛫ⓗࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ㸦ᮘ㛫ᣦᑟ㸪⌜ูᏛ⩦㸪ࡑࡢ௚సᴗ㸪➼ࡢࡓࡵ㸧ࡣ༑ศ࡜ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧Q18. ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ㦁࠸ࡔࡾ㸪ᭀࢀࡓࡾࡋ࡚ᤵᴗࡀ㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜
ࡀ࠶ࡿ㸦2019 ᖺࡢࡳ㸧236

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ὀ㸸࢝ࢵࢥෆࡣᩍဨ༢఩࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ***ࡣ 1%㸪**ࡣ 5%㸪*ࡣ 10%Ỉ‽࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ

؏଎਼ָ೧‫و‬ໝ͹৒ָ೧‫و‬ໝ

ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ‫ٵ‬ೖ؏଎਼ָ೧‫و‬ໝ͹৒ָ೧‫و‬ໝ

ָ‫وڅ‬ໝฑೖ૱࿓ಉ࣎⾲㸲 ປാ᫬㛫࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᥎ᐃ(ᑠᏛᰯ)

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ಊέϧϔ‫ ׈‬ಒʀਫ਼ై ָ೧ʀָ ָߏӣӨ෨‫׈‬ಊʀ

ָߏߨ࡚㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪㒔ᕷࢲ࣑࣮㸪ㄪᰝᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓࠋ

238

ὀ㸸࢝ࢵࢥෆࡣᩍဨ༢఩࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ***ࡣ 1%㸪**ࡣ 5%㸪*ࡣ 10%Ỉ‽࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ

؏଎਼ָ೧‫و‬ໝ͹৒ָ೧‫و‬ໝ

ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ‫ٵ‬ೖ؏଎਼ָ೧‫و‬ໝ͹৒ָ೧‫و‬ໝ

ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ

ฑೖ⾲㸳 ປാ᫬㛫࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᥎ᐃ(୰Ꮫᰯ)

- 239 -

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

239

࡚㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪㒔ᕷࢲ࣑࣮㸪ㄪᰝᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓࠋಀᩘࡣࡍ࡭࡚࢜ࢵࢬẚ࡛⾲♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㉁ၥෆᐜࡣ⾲㸱ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜ࠋὀ㸸࢝ࢵࢥෆࡣᩍဨ༢఩࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ***ࡣ 1%㸪**ࡣ 5%㸪*ࡣ 10%Ỉ‽࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ

؏଎਼ָ೧‫و‬ໝ͹৒ָ೧‫و‬ໝ

ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ⾲㸵 ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᥎ᐃ(୰Ꮫᰯ)࡚㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪㒔ᕷࢲ࣑࣮㸪ㄪᰝᖺࢲ࣑࣮ࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓࠋಀᩘࡣࡍ࡭࡚࢜ࢵࢬẚ࡛⾲♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㉁ၥෆᐜࡣ⾲㸱ࢆཧ↷ࡢࡇ࡜ࠋὀ㸸࢝ࢵࢥෆࡣᩍဨ༢఩࡛ࢡࣛࢫࢱࣜࣥࢢࡋࡓᶆ‽ㄗᕪࠋ***ࡣ 1%㸪**ࡣ 5%㸪*ࡣ 10%Ỉ‽࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ

؏଎਼ָ೧‫و‬ໝ͹৒ָ೧‫و‬ໝ

ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ

4

⾲㸴 ᣦᑟ᪉ἲ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᥎ᐃ(ᑠᏛᰯ)

➨㸴❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨ㓄⨨ཬࡧᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢኚ໬㸯⠇ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘ㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟
㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪2018 ᖺࡢ X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝཬࡧඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᵓ㐀᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ㸦SEM㸧࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛵ಀ࡟㛵ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௚❶࡛ࡶ㏙࡭ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠࡀᏛຊ࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࡜♧ࡍඛ⾜◊✲㸦Angrist and Lavy㸦1999㸧㸪
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㸪Akabayashi and Nakamura㸦2014㸧㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᏛຊ࡬
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ࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠸⫼ᬒࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᩍဨࡀᣦᑟ᪉ἲ➼ࢆᕤኵࡍࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ⿵ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡸᤵᴗࡢࢫࢱ࢖ࣝࡀᏊ౪ࡢᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡶᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪Boonen et al.㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢᣦᑟ᪉ἲࡀᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ࣮ࣜࢹ࢕ࣥࢢ࡜ࢫ࣌ࣜࣥࢢࡢᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ㸪๓㤿㸦2016㸧ࡣᤵᴗࢫࢱ࢖ࣝ
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ࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠ࡟ࡼࡿᤵᴗ‽ഛࡸᤵᴗ➼࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕࢡࣛࢫࢧ࢖ࢬࡀᑠ
ࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪᥇Ⅼ࡞࡝ࡢ᫬㛫ࡀῶࡿ࡜㸪ᩍᮦ◊✲࡟౑࠼ࡿ᫬㛫ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ㄢ㢟ࡸࢸࢫࢺࡢ᥇Ⅼ࡟࠿࠿ࡿ᫬㛫ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࡢᩍဨ
ࡼࡾ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜࡣ㸪ಶࠎࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟┠ࡀᒆࡁ࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿ㸪ᮘ㛫ᣦᑟࡀ⾜࠸࡟ࡃࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓෆᐜࡶ」ᩘࡢᩍဨࡼࡾ⪺࠿ࢀࡓ㸦❶ᮎࡢ௜㘓ࡢ⾲㸰㸮ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆᩍဨࡀㄆ㆑ࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼ࡿࡓࡵࡢᕤኵࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᵝᏊࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪40 ேࢆ㉸࠼ࡿࢡࣛࢫࢆ 3,4 ᗘཷࡅᣢࡗ
ࡓ⤒㦂ࡢ࠶ࡿᩍဨ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ࠕᮘࡢ㓄⨨ࢆᕤኵࡋ࡚ 3 ே୪࡭ࡓࡾ㸪ࢥࡢᏐᆺ࡟ࡋࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࠖ࡜
࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᩍᐊࡢ㓄⨨ࡸ㸪ኌ᥃ࡅࡢ௙᪉ࢆᕤኵࡋࡓࡾ㸪⏕ᚐྠኈࡢࢺࣛࣈࣝࡢᮍ↛㜵Ṇࢆព㆑ࡍࡿኌࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓ㸦❶ᮎࡢ௜㘓ࡢ⾲㸰㸯ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩍဨࡢ⇍⦎ᗘ࡟ࡼࡾᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ␗࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ኌࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟240- 240 -

ࡣ㸪ࠕ⤒㦂ࡀ࠶ࡿ࣋ࢸࣛࣥᩍဨ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪30 ேྎࡢࢡࣛࢫ࡛ࡶ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿࡞ࡿࡀ㸪⤒㦂ࡀὸ࠸ⱝ࠸ᩍဨࡔ࡜ࢡࣛࢫேᩘࡀከ࠸࡜㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࢡࣛࢫࢧ࢖ࢬࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ᑠࡉ࠸࡜࡛ࡣᩍဨࡢవ
⿱ࡀ㐪࠺ࠋேᩘࡀከ࠸࡜ᡭ୍ᮼ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⮬ศࡢሙྜࡣ㸪30 ᩘᖺࡢ࢟ࣕࣜ࢔ࡀ࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡚ࡶ࡞ࢇ࡜࠿ࡣ࡞ࡿࠋࠖ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡟㸪⤒㦂ࡢὸ࠸ᩍဨࡀᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸
ࢡࣛࢫࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㞴ࡋࡉࡀ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ࠶ࡿᩍဨ࠿ࡽ
ࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛࡢ᫬㛫ࡀ༑ศ࡟ྲྀࢀ࡞࠸ሙྜ࡛ࡶ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⵳✚ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࢆࡶ࡜࡟㸪ᤵᴗࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜࠸࠺ኌࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓ㸦❶ᮎࡢ௜㘓ࡢ⾲㸰㸰ࢆཧ↷㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ከᩘࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᩍဨࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ
⤒㦂࠿ࡽᚓࡓ▱ぢࢆ⏕࠿ࡋࡓࡾ㸪ᕤኵࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࡢෆᐜࡼࡾ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࡝ࡢࢡࣛࢫ
ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ࠿ࡀุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓኌࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࠋᐇ㝿㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙ
ྜ㸪ࢸࢫࢺࡸㄢ㢟ࡢ᥇Ⅼసᴗ࡞࡝࡟᫬㛫ࡀከࡃྲྀࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓࢥ࣓ࣥࢺࡀከᩘ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ
࡜࠿ࡽࡶ㸪⤒㦂ࡢὸ࠸ᩍဨࡀᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ࢡࣛࢫࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࡼࡾ㈇ᢸࡀ኱ࡁࡃ
࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᩍဨ⤒㦂ࡢ㛗࠸࣋ࢸࣛࣥࡢᩍဨࡀᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ࢡࣛࢫ࡟๭
ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪≉࡟࣋ࢸࣛࣥࡢᩍဨࡢሙྜࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ⏕ࡌࡿࢹ࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ㸪ᩍဨࡢ㛗ᖺࡢ▱㆑࣭⤒㦂ࡸᕤኵ࡟ࡼࡾ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࠿ࡽ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᢸᙜᩍဨࡢᩍဨᖺᩘࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀ㛫᥋ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ┤᥋ⓗ࡟⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ㸰⠇ ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ
㸯㸬౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱ
ศᯒ࡟ࡣ X ┴ A ᕷࡼࡾᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡓ㸪2018 ᖺࡢᩍဨ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡜⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢸࢫ
ࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋᩍဨ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡢ࡯࠿㸪ᖹ᪥ཬࡧఇ᪥࡟࠿࠿
ࡗࡓᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࢆ⪺࠸࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ศᯒ࡟ࡣࡑࢀࡽࢆྜィࡋࡓ᫬㛫ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢸࢫࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ㸪඲ᅜࡢᖹᆒ್࡜ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ⏝࠸࡚೫ᕪ್࡟᥮
⟬ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘ㸪3 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡣ㸪
ࡑࡢ 2 ⛉┠࡟ຍ࠼࡚⌮⛉࡜♫఍ࢆศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ೫ᕪ್
ࡢ᥋⥆࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྠࡌࡃ X ┴ A ᕷࡼࡾᥦ౪ࢆཷࡅࡓ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐᢸᙜᩍဨᑐᛂ⾲ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ᢸ௵࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩍ⛉ᢸᙜࡀᣦᑟࡋࡓ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᑐᛂ⾲࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢᑐᛂ⾲ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᩍ⛉ᢸᙜࡢᩍဨ࡜ᢸᙜࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ᥋⥆ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศ
ᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪୍ࡘࡢ⛉┠࡟ᑐࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢᩍ⛉ᢸᙜᩍဨࡀ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࢳ࣮࣒ࢸ࢕࣮ࢳࣥࢢࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡳࡽࢀࡿࢡࣛࢫ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋࡓࠋ㸰㸬᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ ศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪ᵓ㐀᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ㸦SEM㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋOLS ࡟ࡼࡿᅇᖐศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪」ᩘ
241- 241 -

ࡢ፹௓㛵ಀࢆྠ᫬࡟⪃៖ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪SEM ࡛ࡣ」ᩘࡢ፹௓ኚᩘࢆ⤌ࡳ㎸ࡴࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿୖ࡟㸪⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢ┤᥋ⓗཬࡧ㛫᥋ⓗ࡞㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠ᫬࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸦Gunzler et al. 2013㸧ࠋศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪୕ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㏻⟬ᩍဨᖺᩘࡀᏛຊ
࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 1㸧ࠋࣔࢹࣝ 2 ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀᏛຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 2㸧
ࠋ᭱ᚋࡢࣔ
ࢹࣝ 3 ࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢኚᩘࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀᏛຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ
࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿ㸦ᅗ 3㸧ࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫᖺ࡟ࡼࡿ㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪2 Ꮫᖺࡈ࡜࡟ศࡅࡓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᅗ㸯 ࣔࢹࣝ 1ὀ㸸 ,, ࡣ࠿ࡃ஘㡯ᅗ㸰 ࣔࢹࣝ 2ὀ㸸 ,,ࡣ࠿ࡃ஘㡯

242- 242 -

ᅗ㸱 ࣔࢹࣝ 3

ὀ㸸 ,

,

ࡣ࠿ࡃ஘㡯


㸱㸬グ㏙⤫ィ㔞 ⾲㸯࠿ࡽ⾲㸱ࡣ㸪2 Ꮫᖺࡈ࡜ࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞࡛࠶ࡿࠋグ㏙⤫ィ㔞࠿ࡽࡣ㸪୰Ꮫᖺ࡜㧗Ꮫᖺ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪పᏛᖺ࡛࠶ࡿ 1,2 ᖺ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡢᖹᆒࡀ▷࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋྛᏛᖺࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⾲㸯ࡼࡾ㸪1,2 ᖺ⏕ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒࡣ㸪30.0 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᭱ᑠேᩘࡣ 26 ே㸪᭱኱ேᩘࡣ 35 ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘࡢᖹᆒࡣ 8.6 ᖺ㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢᖹᆒࡣ 16.5 ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྛᩍ⛉ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢᖹᆒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⟬ᩘ
ࡀ 49.3㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 51.1 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⾲㸰ࡢ 3,4 ᖺ⏕࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒࡣ㸪33.4 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᭱ᑠேᩘࡣ 18 ே㸪᭱኱ேᩘࡣ 40 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘࡢᖹᆒࡣ 15.1
ᖺ㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢᖹᆒࡣ 13.6 ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྛᩍ⛉ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢᖹᆒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⟬ᩘࡀ 49.1㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 49.8㸪⌮⛉ࡀ 49.2㸪♫఍ࡀ 49.9 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⾲㸱ࡢ 5,6 ᖺ⏕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳ
ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒࡣ㸪33.4 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᭱ᑠேᩘࡣ 20 ே㸪᭱኱ேᩘࡣ 40 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘࡢᖹᆒࡣ 14.1 ᖺ㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢᖹᆒࡣ 15.3 ᫬㛫࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ྛᩍ⛉ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢᖹᆒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⟬ᩘࡀ 50.4㸪ᅜㄒࡀ 51.5㸪⌮⛉ࡀ 49.7㸪♫఍ࡀ 49.5 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ⾲㸯 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦1,2 ᖺ⏕㸧૗ਯ৾௻ૠெઇ৩峘৽ୡফਯ
ઇ৩峘౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
઴ਯ峘ု୷க
বୁ峘ု୷க

௴೾க






਴಑






243

- 243 -

ఏ૆ု୷






ਈ৵க






ਈপக






⾲㸰 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦3,4 ᖺ⏕㸧૗ਯ৾௻ૠெઇ৩峘৽ୡফਯ
ઇ৩峘౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
઴ਯ峘ု୷க
বୁ峘ု୷க
৶ఐ峘ု୷க
঺ভ峘ု୷க

௴೾க








਴಑








ఏ૆ု୷








ਈ৵க








ਈপக








ਈ৵க








ਈপக








⾲㸱 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦5,6 ᖺ⏕㸧૗ਯ৾௻ૠெઇ৩峘৽ୡফਯ
ઇ৩峘౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
઴ਯ峘ု୷க
বୁ峘ု୷க
৶ఐ峘ု୷க
঺ভ峘ု୷க

௴೾க








਴಑








ఏ૆ု୷








㸱⠇ ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸯㸬ࣔࢹࣝ  ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡲࡎ㸪ᩍဨ㏻⟬ᖺᩘ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᏛຊ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ㸯ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸲࠿ࡽ⾲㸶࡟♧ࡍࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍဨᖺᩘࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᩍဨ㏻⟬ᖺᩘ࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘཬࡧ⌮⛉࡜♫఍࡛ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡾ㸪௚ࡣ㠀᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᩍဨ
ࡢ㈇ᢸࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᩍဨ⤒㦂ࡢ㛗࠸ᩍဨࡀ㓄ᒓࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᩍ⛉ᢸᙜࡢᩍဨ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶࡑ࠺࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫຊࡢᣦᶆ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪ྛ⛉┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᩍဨ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡣ 3㸪
4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳṇ࡟᭷ព࡛㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ཬࡧ 5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ♫఍࡟ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㈇࡟᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ཬࡧ 5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡜♫఍࡟ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

244

- 244 -

⾲㸲 ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦1㸪2 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ৾௻ૠெજൺ‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
઴ਯ










௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
বୁ












⾲㸳 ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦3㸪4 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ৾௻ૠெજൺ‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜઴ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
઴ਯ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜বୁઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
বୁ













⾲㸴 ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦3㸪4 ᖺ⏕㸸⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ৾௻ૠெજൺ‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜৶ఐઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
৶ఐ







௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S



245

- 245 -

‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜঺ভઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
঺ভ













⾲㸵 ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦5㸪6 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ৾௻ૠெજൺ‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
઴ਯ










௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
বୁ













⾲㸶 ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦5㸪6 ᖺ⏕㸸⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ৾௻ૠெજൺ‫؜‬ফে岜৶ఐઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
৶ఐ








௴೾ਯ


ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜঺ভઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ
঺ভ














㸰㸬ࣔࢹࣝ  ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ ḟ࡟㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᏛຊ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ 2 ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸷࠿ࡽ⾲㸯㸱࡟♧ࡍࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜㈇࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࡢ཮᪉ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ
ཬࡧ 5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡜♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ 4 ᩍ⛉඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ࡟ࡣ㈇࡟᭷
ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡲࡎ㈇࡟᭷ព࡞ሙྜࡣ㸪ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ㄢ㢟ࡸࢸࢫࢺࡢ᥇Ⅼ➼ࡢᴗົ࡟᫬㛫ࡀከࡃ㈝ࡸࡉࢀࡿ
ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ࡟༑ศ࡞᫬㛫ࢆ࠿ࡅࡽࢀ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ṇ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡛㸪⌮⛉ࡢᤵᴗࡣ‽ഛࡀከ࠸࡜࠸࠺ኌࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࡀ㸪⌮⛉ࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᐇ㦂ࢆ⾜࠺࡞࡝࡛㸪୍ே୍ேࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ᩍᮦࢆ‽ഛࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜ࡞࡝
ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪‽ഛࡢ㈇ᢸࡀቑ࠼㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀቑࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
246- 246 - ḟ࡟Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ 4 ᩍ⛉඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᤵ
ᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪≉࡟㧗Ꮫᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀᏛຊ࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡞ഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࣔࢹࣝ 1 ࡜ྠᵝ࡟୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣぢࡽࢀࡎ㸪
1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㈇࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡾ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ♫఍࡜ 5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡜♫఍࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⾲㸷 ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦1㸪2 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑৾௻ૠெજൺ‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
઴ਯ








௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
বୁ












⾲㸯㸮 ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦3㸪4 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑৾௻ૠெજൺ‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜઴ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
઴ਯ










௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S



247

- 247 -

‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜বୁ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
বୁ












⾲㸯㸯 ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦3㸪4 ᖺ⏕㸸⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸧૗ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑৾௻ૠெજൺ‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜৶ఐ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৶ఐ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫ڰ؜‬ফে岜঺ভ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
঺ভ












⾲㸯㸰 ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦5㸪6 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑৾௻ૠெજൺ‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
઴ਯ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
বୁ












⾲㸯㸱 ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦5㸪6 ᖺ⏕㸸⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸧૗ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑৾௻ૠெજൺ‫؜‬ফে岜৶ఐ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৶ఐ








௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S




248

- 248 -

‫؜‬ফে岜঺ভ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
঺ভ












㸱㸬ࣔࢹࣝ  ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢ඲࡚ࡢኚᩘࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡀᏛຊ
࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᥎ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ 3 ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸯㸲࠿ࡽ⾲㸯㸶࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎ㸪ᩍဨ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟㈇࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀ㸪పᏛᖺཬࡧ୰Ꮫᖺ࡛ࡣᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟㈇࡟᭷ព࡛㸪㧗Ꮫᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟㈇࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡛ࡶ⪺࠿ࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡯࡝㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛⵳✚ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓᩍᮦ◊✲ࡸᤵᴗࡢ⤒㦂ࢆά⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟࠿࠿ࡿ᫬㛫ࡀῶࡿࡓࡵ࡜
ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ㧗Ꮫᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪పᏛᖺࡸ୰Ꮫ
ᖺ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪ᤵᴗෆᐜࡀ㧗ᗘ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ࡟ᚲせ࡞᫬㛫ࡀቑࡍࡇ࡜ࡀせᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᩍဨ࡟ࡣᤵᴗ‽ഛ௨እ࡟ࡶᵝࠎ࡞ᴗົࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⤒㦂ࡢ㛗࠸ᩍဨࡢሙྜ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⵳✚ࡉࢀࡓ▱㆑࣭⤒㦂࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢᴗົࢆຠ⋡ⓗ࡟⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛࡢࡓࡵࡢ᫬㛫ࢆ᤬ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ࡛ࡳࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪⛉┠ࡸᏛᖺ࡟ࡼࡾ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡤࡽࡘࡁࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ඛ࡟㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ༑ศ࡞ᤵᴗ‽ഛࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࡋ㸪㏫࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ᚲせ࡞ᩍᮦࡢᩘ࡞࡝ࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡓࡵᤵᴗ
‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀቑ࠼࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞஧ࡘࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢኚᩘ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡲࡎᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪ከࡃࡢሙྜ࡟㠀᭷ព࡛㸪᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣṇ࡟᭷ព㸪
5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ♫఍࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㈇࡟᭷ព࡜㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶྠᵝ࡟㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡣࡳࡽࢀࡎ㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ࡛㈇࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡾ㸪1㸪2 ᖺ⏕ࡢᅜㄒ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ♫఍࡟࠾࠸࡚ṇ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪3㸪4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⟬ᩘ㸪5㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ṇ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡾ㸪㧗Ꮫᖺ࡛ṇ࡟᭷ព࡞ഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢ㛗ࡉࡀᏛຊ࡜㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ249- 249 -

⾲㸯㸲 ࣔࢹࣝ 3 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦1㸪2 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৾௻ૠெજൺ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



઴ਯ








ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ







বୁ

















⾲㸯㸳 ࣔࢹࣝ 3 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦3㸪4 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৾௻ૠெ
જൺ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



઴ਯ





ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ











বୁ
















⾲㸯㸴 ࣔࢹࣝ 3 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦3㸪4 ᖺ⏕㸸⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

‫؜‬ফে岜৶ఐ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৾௻ૠெજൺ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜঺ভ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑


৶ఐ




ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ











঺ভ

















250

- 250 -

⾲㸯㸵 ࣔࢹࣝ 3 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦5㸪6 ᖺ⏕㸸⟬ᩘ࡜ᅜㄒ㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

‫؜‬ফে岜઴ਯ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ













বୁ


















౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৾௻ૠெજൺ




௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜বୁ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑


઴ਯ




⾲㸯㸶 ࣔࢹࣝ 3 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦5㸪6 ᖺ⏕㸸⌮⛉࡜♫఍㸧૗ਯઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ

‫؜‬ফে岜৶ఐ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑



౸঵૆૟ৎ৑
৾௻ૠெજൺ









௴೾ਯ

ฐᐝ৔峘ਯக峙ఏ૆ෙ୷
S S S‫؜‬ফে岜঺ভ౸঵૆૟ৎ৑


৶ఐ








ઇ৩ৢ઴ফਯ









঺ভ















㸲⠇ ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜㝈⏺ཬࡧ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟 ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯᩍဨ࡬ࡢࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡟ࡼࡾ⫈ྲྀࡉࢀࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࢹ
࣓ࣜࢵࢺࢆ㸪ᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ࡸᕤኵ࡟ࡼࡾ஌ࡾ㉺࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ᩍဨࡢ⤒㦂ᖺᩘ㸪ᩍဨࡢᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚㸪2018 ᖺࡢ X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢᩍဨ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝཬࡧඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪SEM ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᙜึ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࢡࣛࢫ࡟ᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀ㛗࠸ᩍဨࡀ㓄⨨ࡉࢀࡿഴྥࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪≉࡟㧗Ꮫᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫຊ࡟ṇ࡟᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ
⤖ᯝࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㸪᥇Ⅼ➼ࡢᴗົ࡟᫬㛫ࡀྲྀࡽࢀ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀ☜ಖ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸࡜࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᚲせ࡞ᩍᮦࡢᩘࡀቑ࠼ࡿ࡞࡝ࡋ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫ࡀቑࡍ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ࡣᩍဨࡢ㏻⟬ᖺᩘࡀ㛵ಀࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ‽ഛ᫬㛫࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩍဨࡢ᫬㛫ࡢ౑࠸᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௚ࡢ251- 251 -

ኚᩘ࡞࡝ࡶ౑⏝ࡋࡓ᭦࡞ࡿศᯒࡀᚲせ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪ᮏ❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᯒࡢ㝈⏺࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୍ࡘࡢ⛉┠࡟ᑐࡋ࡚」ᩘࡢᩍဨࡀ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡽࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࢳ࣮࣒ࢸ࢕࣮ࢳࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿศᯒࡀ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽุ᩿ࡋࢳ࣮࣒ࢸ࢕࣮ࢳࣥࢢࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࢡࣛࢫࡣศᯒ࠿ࡽ㝖እࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ᐇ㝿ࡣᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ࡀྛᩍ⛉ࡢᤵᴗ࡟௓ධࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶྰᐃ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪௒ᅇ౑⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡟ࡑࢀࡽࢆ㆑ูࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡎᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ࡢ௓ධࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓศᯒࡣ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡣᩍ⛉ᢸᙜࡢᩍဨ࡜ᢸᙜ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳ
ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ᢸ௵ࡀྛᩍ⛉ࢆᢸᙜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶศᯒ࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡣࡑ
ࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡶ౑⏝ࡋࡓศᯒࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪௒ᅇࡣᑠᏛᰯࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࡀ㸪୰Ꮫᰯࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶศᯒࡢᑐ㇟ࢆᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ

኱㇂☐㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ㸧ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸᔱ⿱Ꮚ㸦ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㸧ᖹᑿᬛ㝯㸦ᦤ༡኱Ꮫ㸧ጒᑿ΅㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩໭ᲄ㞞୍㸦2011㸧ࠕᏛຊࡢỴᐃせᅉࠖࠗ᪥ᮏປാ◊✲㞧ㄅ࠘614, 16-27 㡫ࠋ๓㤿ඃ⟇㸦2016㸧ࠕᤵᴗᨵ㠉ࡣᏛຊ᱁ᕪࢆ⦰ᑠࡋࡓ࠿ࠖᚿỈᏹྜྷ࣭㧗⏣୍ᏹ⦅࣐ࠗ࢖ࣥࢻ࣭
ࢨ࣭ࢠࣕࢵࣉ㸟 ؐ ⌧௦᪥ᮏࡢᏛຊ᱁ᕪ࡜ࡑࡢඞ᭹࠘኱㜰኱Ꮫฟ∧఍ 81t 106 㡫ࠋ
Akabayashi, H., & Nakamura, R. (2014). Can small class policy close the gap? An
empirical analysis of class size effects in Japan. The Japanese Economic Review, 65(3),253-281.
Angrist, J. D., & Lavy, V. (1999). Using Maimonides' rule to estimate the effect of classsize on scholastic achievement. The Quarterly journal of economics, 114 (2), 533-575.
Angrist, J. D., Lavy, V., Leder-Luis, J., & Shany, A. (2019). Maimonides' rule
redux. American Economic Review: Insights, 1 (3), 309-24.
Boonen, T., Van Damme, J., & Onghena, P. (2014). Teacher effects on student
achievement in first grade: which aspects matter most?. School Effectiveness andSchool Improvement, 25 (1), 126-152.
Gunzler, D., Chen, T., Wu, P., & Zhang, H. (2013). Introduction to mediation analysis
with structural equation modeling. Shanghai Archives of Psychiatry, 25 (6), 390.
Krueger, A. B. (1999). Experimental estimates of education production functions. The

quarterly journal of economics, 114 (2), 497-532.

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௜㘓⾲㸯㸷 ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢᐇ᪋⪅࡜ᐇ᪋᪥᫬୍ぴ崺崊嵒嵛崘ৌ଴

ਙશ崺崊嵒嵛崘ৰ઱঩

ৎ৑崺崊嵒嵛崘ৃਚ

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έϧηਕ਼ͶΓΕෝ୴͗સ͚ҡ͵ΖͪΌɾਕ਼͗ঙ͵͏ͳ୴೜ͺ༪༡Ν΍ͮͱ৯Ξ͵खΕૌΊ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽ‫࣊׿‬͹‫ʹ͵ͯ͜؛‬Ձ࡯‫ͤͯ͜؛‬Ζ͹ͳɾʛ࡯‫ͤͯ͜؛‬Ζ͹ͳͲͺસ͚ҩͮͱ͚ΖɽҲ‫࣪گ‬Ͷਕ͏Ζͳɾ෼ཀྵదͶ‫ࢨؔطͱ͙ͤڳ‬಍Ͷ೘ͮͱ͏͜͵͏ɽτηφ͹‫͜෉؛‬͹घؔ͵ʹ΍સષҩ͑ɽ඲Ճαϟϱφ΍ਕͫͳҲਕͶͯ͘ߨ͖ͥͯ͢ॽ͜͵͏ͳ͞Θɾਕͫͳಋͣ࣎
ؔͲʛߨॽ͜Ζ͵ʹɾ஺ೣͶΊΖ͞ͳ͗Ͳ͘Ζɽέϧηγ΢θ͗ঘ͚͠ɾτηφ͹‫ͯ͜؛‬Ͷ͖͖Ζ࣎ؔ͗୻͏ͳɾͨ͹෾‫ڂݜࡒگ‬Ͷ͓࢘Ζ࣎ؔͶ͵Ζɽέϧηਕ਼͗ঙ͵͏ͳɾՊఋ๜໲͹յ਼Ώɾฯ‫ͳंޤ‬͹αϝϣωίʖεϥϱ΍સ͚ҡ͵ͮͱ͚
Ζɽਕ਼͗ଡ͏ͳɾྭ͓ͻཀྵՌ͹ࣰ‫Ͳݩ‬ͺம‫ʹ͵ںء‬͹‫͗ࡒگ‬ଏΕ͵͚͵Ζɽ್ਕͲ‫༙ͦ͠ڠ‬Ζͳ࢘
༽࣎ؔ͗ൔ෾Ͷ͵Ζ͢ɾୁͤୁ͠͵͏Ͳφϧϔϩ΍ड़ͱ͚Ζɽ୉ਕ਼έϧη͹๏͗ɾ໲ୌً͗͘ͱ͏Ζͳ͘Ͷ൅‫͢ݡ‬Ͷ͚͏ɽͨΗͫ͜໪͗ߨ͘಩͖͵͏͖Δɾࢢ‫ڛ‬ಋ࢞͹͏͗Ί߻͏Ώɾฯ‫ंޤ‬΍સҽ೼Ѵ͢Ͷ͚͚͵Ζɽέϧηγ΢θ͗ঘ͠͏ͳɾ࿫͢Νซ͚ସౕ͗ҩͮͱ͚ΖɽΏͺΕਕ͗ືॄ͢ͱ͏Ζͳ‫ࢆ͗ـ‬
Ζɽਕͫͳ͢ʖΞͳ͢ͱ͏Ζ͹Ͳɾ࿫͗͢೘ΕΏ͚ͤ͵Ζɽ

253- 253 -

⾲㸰㸯 Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜࡢᩍဨࡢᕤኵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢࡢෆᐜ
୉ਕ਼έϧηͶ͵Ζͳɾʹ͑͢ͱ΍સҽͶ੢͗͜Ͳ͘͵͚͵Ζ͹ͲɾགྷॶགྷॶͲϛ΢ϱφͳ͵ΖࢢͶ੢Ν͖͜Ζ͵ʹ͹޽෋͗චགྷɽ
ࢢ‫ڛ‬͹໪͹಩۫͘߻͗ਕͳਕͲͺҡ͵Ζɽਕͫͳຘ࣎ؔસҽͶ੢Ν͖͜Ζ͞ͳͺೋ͚͢͵͏͗ɾਕͫͳೋ͢͏͹Ͳɾຘ࣎ؔϛ΢ϱφΝ݀ΌͪࢢͪͬͶ੢͖͜͢ɾ͍ͳ͹ࢢͶͺ੢Ν͖͜͵͚ͱ΍Ίͱ͏Ζͳ͏͑γ΢ϱΝఽ͓ͤ͵ʹ޽෋ͤΖɽਕΝ௔͓ΖέϧηΝɾౕण࣍ͮͪ͜‫͍͗ݩܨ‬Ζɽ‫ط‬͹ഓ஖Ν޽෋͢ͱਕด΄ͪΕɾα͹࣊‫ܗ‬Ͷͪ͢Εͪ͢ɽָ‫وڅ‬ໝ͗୉͚͘͵Ζͳɾਫ਼ైಋ࢞͹φϧϔϩ΍ଡ͚͵ΖɽφϧϔϩΝາષͶ๹͛͞ͳ͗୉ࣆɽ

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‫͍͗ݩܨ‬Ζϗτϧϱ‫گ‬ҽͲ͍Ηͻɾਕୈ͹έϧηͲ΍͵Ξͳ͖͵Ζ͗ɾ‫͗ݩܨ‬છ͏ऑ͏‫گ‬ҽͫͳέϧηਕ਼͗ଡ͏ͳೋ͢͏ɽέϧηγ΢θ͗୉͘͏ͳঘ͠͏ͳͲͺ‫گ‬ҽ͹༪༡͗ҩ͑ɽਕ਼͗
ଡ͏ͳघҲ഍Ͷ͵Ζɽࣙ෾͹৖߻ͺɾ਼೧͹ΫϡϨΠ͍͗ΖͪΌɾָ‫وڅ‬ໝ͗୉͚͘ͱ΍͵Ξͳ͖ͺ͵Ζɽ
೧਼Ν॑͸ΖͶͯΗͱɾद‫Ͳۂ‬ͺ‫͘ͲͲְ״‬Ζ෨෾΍ड़ͱ͚Ζɽ࠹ॵ͹ࠔͺद‫ۂ‬ҌΝࡋ͖͚ࡠͮ
ͱࢨ಍͢ͱ΍ΔͮͪΕɾ൚ॽ͹‫ܯ‬ժΝཱིͱͱ࿇सΝͪ͢Ε͢ͱ͏ͪ͗ɾࠕͺͨ͞ΉͲ६ඍͤΖ࣎ؔ΍͵͖͵͖खΗ͵͏͗ɾͨ͞ΉͲ͢͵͚ͱ΍ɾ͍Ζఖౕͺ‫Ͳְ״‬द‫͘Ͳ͗ۂ‬Ζɽ

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➨㸵❶ ┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸯⠇ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ᙉ࠸୍㈏ᛶࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢḞⴠ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿసᴗࢆ⥆ࡅࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪≉࡟㏆ᖺ㔜せᛶࡀၐ㸦࡜࡞㸧࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝ࡟ὀ┠ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡲࡎ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉
㠃࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪ḟ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆぢࡿࡇ࡜࡛┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡢḞⴠࡀ᥎ᐃࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ⏕ࡌࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿
࡝࠺࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋከࡃࡢᅜ࡛㸪ᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬ࡢ 1 Ꮫᖺࢆ༊ษࡿ᪥ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢ᪥ࡢ┤ᚋ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓே࡜㸪ࡑࡢ᪥ࡢ┤๓࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓேࡣ 364 ᪥ࡢᖺ㱋ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࠋྠ୍Ꮫᖺ࡛࠶ࡗ࡚ࡶㄌ⏕᪥ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ሙྜ⣙ 1 ᖺࡢᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᏛຊ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸪ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ㸪ࡦ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⫋ᴗࡸ⏕ᾭᡤᚓ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡶࡋ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀᏛຊ➼࡟ᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆಖࡘࡇ࡜
ࡀ㡹೺࡟᥎ᐃࡉࢀࢀࡤ㸪᥎ᐃᘧ඲యࡢㄝ᫂ຊࢆୖࡆࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪௚ࡢኚᩘࡢຠᯝࡢ኱ࡁࡉ
࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡑࡢ㔜せᗘࢆ ࡿᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ
┤ឤⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋࡃ㸪᥎ᐃᘧ࠿ࡽḞⴠࡋ࡚ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡣప࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Du et al.(2012), Muller and Page(2016), Tukiainen et al. (2017㸧➼ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࠿ࡽࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢỴᐃせᅉࢆ᥎ᐃࡍ
ࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪Ḟⴠ࡟ࡼࡿ஺⤡ຠᯝࡀၥ㢟࡜࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ፹௓ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㛫᥋ⓗ⤒㊰ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡣࡑࡢ⤒㊰ࡢ୍㒊࡟㛵ࢃࡿኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚఩⨨௜ࡅࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ❶ࡢᵓᡂࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㸰⠇࡛ࡣඛ⾜◊✲ࢆࣞࣅ࣮ࣗࡍࡿࠋ㸱⠇࡛ࡣࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪㸲⠇࡛ࡣ᥎ᐃ᪉ἲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ㸳⠇࡛ศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ㸪㸴⠇࡛⤖ᯝࢆ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋ㸰⠇ ඛ⾜◊✲࡜ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄢ㢟┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍᗂᑡᮇࡢᩍ⫱ᡂᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶୡ⏺ྛᅜ࡛◊✲ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ከࡃࡣྠᏛᖺෆ࡛ᖺᑡࡢඣ❺࡯࡝Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺࡢᡂ⦼ࡀᝏ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋBedard andDhuey㸦2006㸧ࡣ㸪OECD19 ࠿ᅜࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓᅜ㝿ᩘᏛ⌮⛉ᩍ⫱ືྥㄪᰝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐࡣᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡼࡾࡶ 4 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 4㹼12㸣ప࠸ࢫࢥ࢔࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪8 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 2㹼9㸣࡜ࡑࡢᕪࡀ⦰ࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
ྛᅜࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࡶከࡃ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSmith㸦2010㸧ࡣ㸪࢝ࢼࢲࡢ࠶ࡿᕞ࡛Ꮫ
ᰯධᏛᨻ⟇ࡀ㉸▷ᮇⓗ࡟ኚ᭦ࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆヨ㦂᫬ࡢᖺ㱋࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡜ධᏛ᫬ࡢᖺ㱋࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡟ศࡅ࡚᥎ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ヨ㦂᫬ᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡣẚ
㍑ⓗ኱ࡁࡃ㸪ᑵᏛ᫬ᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡣẚ㍑ⓗᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋPeña㸦2017㸧ࡣ࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢ
࠶ࡿᕞ࡛Ꮫᖺࡢษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾࡀ 4 ࠿᭶ᚋࢁಽࡋ࡟ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆศᯒ
ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪ྠᏛᖺෆ࡛ࡣᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᡂ⦼ࡀⰋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟
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ࡋࡓࠋTohren et al.㸦2016㸧ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶࡢබ❧Ꮫᰯ࡟㏻࠺⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸㸪ㄞゎຊ࡜ᩘᏛࡢ┦ᑐⓗᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆㄪ࡭ࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪2 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣㄞゎຊ࣭ᩘᏛ࡜ࡶ࡟ᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀඃ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣᏛᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚ᾘኻࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪⛣Ẹࡢࣂࢵࢡࢢࣛࣥࢻࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪Muehlenweg and Puhani
㸦2010㸧ࡶࢻ࢖ࢶࡢᑠᏛᰯ㧗Ꮫᖺ࡜୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ6 ṓ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ 7 ṓ࡛ධᏛࡋࡓඣ❺ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ༞ᴗ᫬ࡢࢸࢫࢺࡢࢫࢥ࢔ࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗ࡃ㸪୰➼ᩍ⫱࡟㐍Ꮫࡍࡿ☜⋡ࡀቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCrawford et al.㸦2011㸧ࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫᖺࡢษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾ┤ᚋ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀ┤๓࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓඣ❺࡟ẚ࡭࡚ࢸࢫࢺࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸪Ꮫᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࡑࡢᕪࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ཬࡧ኱Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㐍Ꮫ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ
Fredriksson and Ockert㸦2005,2014㸧ࡣࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࡀపࡃ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪㧗ḟࡢᩍ⫱ㄢ⛬࡟㐍ࡲ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ Ponzo and Scoppa㸦2014㸧ࡣ㸪ᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀᡂ⦼ࡀⰋࡃ㸪㐍㊰㑅ᢥ᫬࡟⫋ᴗカ⦎ᰯࡼࡾࡶ࢔࢝ࢹ࣑ࢵࢡ࡞Ꮫᰯ࡟㐍Ꮫࡍࡿ☜⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚㸪ᡂ⦼ࡢᕪࡣᖺࢆ㔜ࡡ࡚ࡶ⦰ࡲࡽ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࠋ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮ࡢࣇࣛࣥࢲ࣮ࢫᆅ᪉ࡢᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓ Verachtert et al.㸦2010㸧࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐ࡯࡝Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࡀᝏ࠸ࡀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣ
ᡂ㛗࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡃࠋBlack et al.㸦2011㸧ࡣ㸪ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑࠸㸪18ṓࡢㄌ⏕᪥๓ᚋ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ IQ ࢸࢫࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢຠᯝࡣ࡞࠸࡜ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Balestraet al.㸦2020㸧ࡣࢫ࢖ࢫࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸㸪⩏ົᩍ⫱⤊஢᫬ࡢ 15 ṓ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫᖺෆ࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘࡢᡂ⦼ࡀⰋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ㸪Kawaguchi㸦2011㸧ࡣᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢᅜ㝿ᩘᏛ⌮⛉ᩍ⫱ືྥㄪᰝࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀࢸࢫࢺࡢⅬᩘࡀᝏࡃ㸪ࡑࡢᕪࡣᚲࡎࡋࡶ⦰ࡲࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋYamaguchi
et al.㸦2020㸧ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟ẚ࡭࡚Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼ࡀຎࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣᏛᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᩍ⫱ᖺᩘࡶ㸪ᖺᑡ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀᖺ㛗⩌ࡼࡾࡶ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶึ➼ᩍ⫱ࡀጞࡲࡗ࡚ࡍࡄࡢᗂᑡࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᅜࡢ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫᖺෆ࡛ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪ᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐࡼࡾࡶᏛᴗᡂ⦼ࡀప࠸ഴྥࡀ࠶
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ㄽ࡛ࡣ୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୍㒊౛እࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣᡂ㛗࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞
ࡾ㸪Ꮫຊᕪࡣ⦰ࡲࡿ࠿ᾘኻࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢࡶከ࠸ࠋ
ࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᩍ⫱㐍㊰࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ⱝ࠸⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗ḟࡢᏛᰯ࡟㐍ࡳ࡙ࡽ࠸(ὀ 1)ࠋ
ࡇࡢཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ಶேࡢᏛຊࡢཷࡅṆࡵ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋCrawford et al.
㸦2014㸧ࡣᏛຊࣞ࣋ࣝࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫᖺࡢษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾ┤ᚋ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪┤๓࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓᏛ⏕࡟ẚ࡭࡚⮬㌟ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢホ౯ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗ࡢඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢᏛຊࢆ㧗ࡃホ౯ࡋ㸪㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟㐍ࡴ⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ಙࡌࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐍ࡳࡓ࠸࡜ᮃࡴྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫຊ௨እࡢせᅉࡀ㸪㐍Ꮫࡸປാᕷሙ࡞࡝ඣ❺ࡢᑗ᮶࡟኱ࡁࡃᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀປാᕷሙ
ࡸ೺ᗣ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ᪤࡟ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋHeckman et al.㸦2006㸧ࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡣㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྥୖ࡟ᙺ❧ࡘ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪㈤㔠ࡸᑵᴗ⋡㸪⫋ᴗ㑅ᢥ࡞࡝ປാᕷሙ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶࡑ
ࢀ༢య࡛ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCarter et al.㸦2019㸧ࡣ㟷ᖺᮇࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ 50ṓ᫬Ⅼ࡟⮬㌟ุ࡛᩿ࡋࡓ೺ᗣ≧ែࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓேࡢ᪉ࡀ೺ᗣ≧ែࡀⰋ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
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ࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᵝࠎ࡞◊✲⤖ᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
Crawford et al.㸦2014㸧ࡣ࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡢ 8 ṓࡢ⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡟᳨ドࡋ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ⮬㌟ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢホ౯ࡀ㧗࠸୍᪉㸪඲యⓗ⮬ᕫ౯್ࡸ⮬ᕫ⫯ᐃឤ㸪⤫ไࡢᡤᅾ࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡟ᙳ
㡪ࡀ࡞࠸࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPage et al.㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡢᏛ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟᳨ドࡋ㸪⏨ᛶ࡟㝈ࡾ㸪Ꮫᖺෆ࡛⏕ࡲࢀࡀ㐜࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᪉ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡢ᪩࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡼࡾࡶ➇தࢆ᎘࠺ഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿ
୍᪉࡛㸪ࣜࢫࢡ࡟ᑐࡍࡿጼໃࡸ⮬ಙ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ࡞࠸࡜⤖ㄽ࡙ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPeña
and Duckworth 㸦2018㸧ࡣ㸪࣓࢟ࢩࢥࡢ 9 ᖺ⏕࡜ 12 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡸࡾᢤࡃຊ㸦GRIT㸧ࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪ᚸ⪏ᙉࡉ࡟ࡣ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ㸪⯆࿡ࡢ୍㈏ᛶ࡟ࡣ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀṇࡢຠᯝࢆᣢࡘ
ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋBalestra et al.㸦2020㸧ࡣ㸪ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆㄪᰝࡋ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺᑡࡢ⏕ᚐࡣᖺ㛗ࡢ⏕ᚐ࡜ẚ࡭㸪ADHD ࡜デ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ☜⋡࡟ࡣ᭷ព࡟ᕪࡀ࡞࠸࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪⾜ືୖࡢၥ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼㸪≉ู࡞ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀᚲせࡔ࡜ุ᩿ࡉࢀࡿ☜⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆⓎぢࡋࡓࠋ
Yamaguchi et al.㸦2020㸧ࡣ㸪᪥ᮏࡢᑠ୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡣ㸪⮬ᕫຠຊឤ㸪⮬ᕫไᚚ㸪ㄔᐇᛶ࡟᭷ព࡟ṇࡢຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢከࡃ࡛ຠᯝࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚ࡶኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸࡜
୺ᙇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⮬ᕫຠຊឤ࡟㝈ࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪ᐙᗞࡢ⤒῭≧ἣࡀᝏ࠸Ꮫ⏕ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୖ࡟ぢࡽࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⤖ᯝ࡟ᩚྜᛶࡀ࡞ࡃ㸪ࡲࡓㄪᰝࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㡯┠ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㝈ᐃⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶◊✲ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠕ⮬ᑛᚰࠖ࡟ຍ࠼㸪ࠕឤ᝟ไᚚࠖࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࠕ⾲⌧ຊࠖ࡬ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡣ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ┦஫ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟㛵ಀࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛㸪≉࡟⾲⌧ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡛ࡶ㔜ࡁࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ᢸ௵࡜࠸࠺➨୕⪅࡟ࡼࡿホ౯ࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ᮏேࡢ⮬㌟ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ᤼㝖ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾಙ㢗ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ㢧ⴭ࡟⾲ࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡟㸪㐠ື⬟ຊࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀ㛗ࡃ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㌟యⓗⓎ⫱ࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ㐪࠸࠿ࡽ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ⱝ࠸ேࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪ᗂᑡᮇࡢయຊ࣭㐠ື⬟ຊࡀຎࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᵝࠎ࡞✀┠࡛Ꮫᖺ༊ศࡢษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾࡢ┤ᚋࡢ᭶࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓேࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪┤๓ࡢ᭶࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓே࡟ẚ࡭࡚᭷฼࡛࠶ࡿഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Helsen et al.㸦2005㸧ࡣ㸪Ḣᕞ 10 ࠿ᅜࡢࢧࢵ࣮࢝ࡢ࣮ࣘࢫࡢ㑅ᡭ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡋࡓ࡜ࡇ
ࢁ㸪15 ṓ௨ୗ㸪16 ṓ௨ୗ㸪17 ṓ௨ୗ㸪18 ṓ௨ୗࡢ඲࡚ࡢᖺ௦ࡢྛᅜࡢ௦⾲㑅ᡭ࡛㸪㑅⪃ᖺࡢ➨୍ᅄ༙ᮇ࡛࠶ࡿ 1 ᭶࠿ࡽ 3 ᭶࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㑅ᡭࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋ࣍
ࢵࢣ࣮࡛ࡣ Sherar et al.㸦2007㸧ࡀ㸪࢝ࢼࢲࡢ࠶ࡿᕞࡢ㑅ᢤ࢟ࣕࣥࣉཧຍ⏨Ꮚࢆᑐ㇟࡟◊✲ࢆ⾜࠸㸪ཧຍ⪅ࡢ୰࡛᭱⤊㑅ᢤ࡟ṧࡗࡓ㑅ᡭࡣㄌ⏕᪥ࡀୖ༙ᮇ࡜┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗ࡢே࡟೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
㔝⌫࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Nakata and Sakamoto㸦2013㸧ࡀ 1911 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 1980 ᖺ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ᪥ᮏ
ࡢࣉࣟ㔝⌫㑅ᡭࢆᑐ㇟࡟᳨ドࡋ㸪඲࡚ࡢᖺ௦࡛Ꮫᖺࡢษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾ┤ᚋ࡛࠶ࡿ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽ 6 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ㑅ᡭࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪ษࡾ᭰ࢃࡾࡢ┤๓࡛࠶ࡿ 1 ᭶࠿ࡽ 3 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ㑅ᡭࡼࡾࡶከ࠸ࡇ࡜
ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ㔝⌫࡟ᑐࡍࡿຠᯝࡣ࢔࣓࡛ࣜ࢝ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Tompson et al.㸦1991㸧
ࡣ 1985 ᖺ࡜ 1990 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢ࣓ࢪ࣮࣮ࣕࣜࢢࢆᑐ㇟࡟◊✲ࡋ㸪ࣉࣟ㔝⌫㑅ᡭ࡟ࡣᙜ᫬ࡢ࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇ┤ᚋ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ 8 ᭶࠿ࡽ 10 ᭶ࡢᅄ༙ᮇ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓேᩘࡀ᭷ព࡟ከ࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋ
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௚࡟ࡶ㸪Hollings et al.㸦2014㸧ࡣ㝣ୖࡢ࣮ࣘࢫཬࡧࢪࣗࢽ࢔ࡢୡ⏺ࢳࣕࣥࣆ࢜ࣥࢆᑐ㇟
࡟┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪࢝ࢵࢺ࢜ࣇࡢ┤ᚋࡢ᭶࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ㑅ᡭࡢ᪉ࡀࢳࣕࣥࣆ࢜ࣥ࡟࡞
ࡾࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣ≉࡟⏨ᛶ࡟ᙉࡃ⾲ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢫ࣌࢖ࣥࡢ㝣ୖ㐃┕ࡢᙉ໬ྜᐟ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿ 15 ṓ௨ୗ࡜ 17 ṓ௨ୗࡢ㑅⪃ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ㝣ୖ㑅ᡭࢆᑐ㇟࡟⏨ዪู࡟◊✲ࡋ㸪ዪᛶࡢ 17 ṓ௨ୗᯟ௨እ࡛ࡣ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ
࠺࡟㸪ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢศ㔝࡛ࡣ⛬ᗘ࡟ᕪࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ከࡃࡢ➇ᢏ࡛┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚
࠸ࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢᏑᅾࢆ᪥ᮏࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢព⩏ࡶᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾
ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ➨୍࡟㸪ไᗘࡢ㑂Ᏺ࡟ࡼࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢಙ㢗ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᩍ⫱ไᗘ࡛ࡣ㸪࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡞࡝ㅖእᅜ࡜㐪࠸㸪࡝ࡢࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢ࡛ධᏛࡍࡿ࠿㑅ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᏛᰯᩍ⫱ᇶᮏἲཬࡧ
Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱ἲ᪋⾜つ๎࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪4 ᭶ 2 ᪥᫬Ⅼ࡛ 6 ṓࡢ⪅ࡣᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࡜ࡋ࡚ධᏛࡋ࡞ࡅ
ࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀỴࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ᮏேࡸಖㆤ⪅ࡢ㑅ᢥ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫᖺෆ࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟ⱝࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞ไᗘⓗ⫼ᬒ࠿ࡽ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ᳨ド࡟᪥ᮏࡣ㐺ษ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
➨஧࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⾲⌧᪉ἲࡸឤࡌ᪉࡞࡝㸪ᅜࡢᩥ໬࡟ᙳ㡪ࡉࢀࡿせ⣲ࡶ኱ࡁ࠸ࠋ᪥ᮏࡣ⮬ᕫᙧᡂࡀ࿘ᅖ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢ୰࡛ᙧᡂࡍࡿࢭࣝࣇࢹ࢕࣌ࣥࢹࣥࢺ࡞㠃ࡀᙉ࠸࡜࠸ࢃࢀ㸪ே࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡶྵࢇ࡛ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᾏእࡢ◊✲࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿ⤖ᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
➨୕ࡣ㸪ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪⾲⌧ຊࡸᑐヰ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡟ࡼࡿ 2020 ᖺᗘࡢᏛ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿ࡢᨵゞ࡛ࡣ㸪ࠕ⏕ࡁࡿຊࠖࢆ⫱ࡴせ⣲࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ຊࡀᙉㄪࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࡢᾰ㣴㸦࠿ࢇࡼ࠺㸧࡟ྥࡅࠕᑐヰⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࠖࡀ᥎ዡࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⌧ᅾࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ⾲⌧ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ➹⪅ࡢ▱ࡿ࡜ࡇࢁᏑᅾࡋ࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋ㸪ᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡛ࡼࡾ୍ᒙ⾲⌧ຊࡸᑐヰⓗ࡞Ꮫࡧࡀ㔜せどࡉࢀࡿ୰࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⏕ࡲࢀࡿࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ྠ୍Ꮫᖺ࠶
ࡿ࠸ࡣྠ୍Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡟ࡼࡿᕪࡀ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

㸱⠇ ࢹ࣮ࢱ
ྠᏛᖺෆࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺᑡ࡞ඣ❺࡜┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗࡞ඣ❺ࡢ⬟ຊࡢᕪࢆ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢබ❧ᑠ
Ꮫᰯ 14 ᰯ࡟㏻࠺ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪≉ูᨭ᥼Ꮫ⣭࡟㏻⣭ࡍࡿ⏕ᚐཬࡧ㞀ᐖ⪅ྥࡅ་⒪㈝ຓᡂᑐ㇟⪅ࢆ㝖࠸ࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ࣓࢖ࣥࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡣ㸪ᶆ‽Ꮫຊㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸪ᑠᏛᰯࡢ㏻ಙ⡙ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪యຊࢸࢫࢺࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ཬࡧ⾜ᨻࢹ࣮ࢱࢆྜᡂࡋࡓࣃࢿ
ࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡢཷ㦂㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ ᐃࡣᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿ X ┴ A ᕷ❧ࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡟㏻࠺࡯ࡰ඲࡚ࡢᑐ㇟Ꮫᖺࡢ⏕ᚐࡀ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏ࡛ࡣ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢᏊ౪ࡀබ
❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡟㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡢࠕᏛᰯᇶᮏㄪᰝ ᖹᡂ 28 ᖺࠖ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪2016ᖺᗘ࡟኱㜰ᗓ࡟ᅾఫࡍࡿᑠᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⣙ 98㸣ࡀබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡟㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪⚾❧࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜ❧ࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡟㏻ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ࡟ᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟እ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⏕ᚐࡢேᩘࡣ
ࢃࡎ࠿࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ
⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ࡣ㸪㐠ື⬟ຊ㸪୺せ⛉┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᣦᶆ㸪㠀୺せ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼ホ
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౯ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ➨୍࡟㐠ື⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᪂యຊࢸࢫࢺࡢ 50M ㉮㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࡢグ㘓ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ᪂యຊࢸࢫࢺࡣᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀᅜẸࡢయຊ࣭㐠ື⬟ຊࡢ⌧≧ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ẖᖺ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿㄪᰝ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢᑐ㇟ࡢᕷ⏫ᮧࡢබ❧Ꮫᰯ࡛ࡣẖᖺ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡢ࡯ࡰ඲ဨࡀཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୺せ⛉┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡣ㸪ᮾி᭩⡠ࡀ㛤ദࡋ㸪ᖺ࡟ 1 ᗘ⏕ᚐࡀྛᏛᰯ࡛ཷࡅࡿᶆ‽Ꮫຊㄪᰝࡢᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘ࣭⌮⛉࣭♫఍ࡢ 4 ᩍ⛉ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘࡣᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛㸪⌮⛉࣭♫఍ࡣᑠᏛᰯ 3 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡀཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢᏛຊㄪᰝࡣ඲ᅜ
ࡢᑠᏛ⏕ࡀཷ㦂ྍ⬟࡞ࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ᢅ࠺ࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢ୰ኸ್ࡀ 50 ࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸
ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋయຊࢸࢫࢺ㸪୺せ⛉┠࡜ࡶ࡟ධᡭྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡗࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ 2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2019ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢ 6 ᖺศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࠕ⮬ᑛᚰࠖࠕឤ᝟ไᚚࠖࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࠕ⾲⌧ຊࠖࡢ 4㡯┠ࡢホ౯ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ2017 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺࡢẖᖺ 9 ᭶㸪ᑠᏛ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ㄪᰝࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ
⏝࠸ࡿࠋ඲ 49 ၥࡢ㉁ၥ㡯┠࠿ࡽᵓᡂࡉࢀ㸪ඣ❺ࡢᅇ⟅ࣃࢱ࣮ࣥ࠿ࡽ㸪ࠕ⮬ᑛᚰࠖࡣ᭱ᑠ 1.00
࠿ࡽ᭱኱ 5.00㸪ࠕឤ᝟ไᚚࠖࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࠕ⾲⌧ຊࠖ⬟ຊࢆ᭱ᑠ 1.00 ࠿ࡽ᭱኱ 4.00
ࡢᩘ್࡛⾲ࡍࠋ㠀୺せ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼ホ౯ࡣ㸪௚⪅ࡀ ࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ௦᭰ᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ࡀᖺ࡟ 3 ᅇ㸪Ꮫᮇᮎ࡟Ꮫ⩦ᣦᑟせ㡿࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ྛ⛉┠ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࠋ3㸻ࡼࡃ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪2㸻࡛ࡁࡿ㸪
1㸻ࡀࢇࡤࢁ࠺㸪ࡢ 3 ẁ㝵࡛ホ౯ࡉࢀࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪2017 ᖺ࣭2018 ᖺࡢࡳ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢㄪᰝ࡜ྠࡌࡃ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡶࡢࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢホ౯࡟ࡣ㸪ྛ⛉┠ࡢ⥲ྜᡂ⦼ࡢ௚࡟㸪ヲ⣽㡯┠ูࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ヲ⣽㡯┠ࡢ➨ 2 㡯┠ࡣ⾲⌧ຊ࡟㛵ࢃࡿࠋᅗᕤࡢ➨ 2 㡯┠ࡣࠕᛮ࠸ࡸࡦࡽࡵࡁࢆࡶ࡜࡟ࡋ࡚㸪ᵓᡂࡸ⏝㏵ࢆ⪃࠼࡚⾲ࡍࠖ㸪㡢ᴦࡢ➨ 2㡯┠ࡣࠕḷモࡸ᭤᝿ࢆឤࡌྲྀࡗ࡚㸪ḷ࠸᪉ࡸ₇ዌࡢ௙᪉ࢆᕤኵࡍࡿ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢᣦᶆ
ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪1 Ꮫᮇࡢホ౯ࢆ฼⏝ࡋ࡚㸪➨୕⪅࡟ࡼࡿㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢホ౯ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ௚ࡢࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᛶูࡸᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ຍ࠼㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ⾲ࡍᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿ⏕άಖㆤࡢཷ⤥࡜ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࡢཷ⤥≧ἣཬࡧ㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࡢ᝟ሗࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ඲
࡚㸪ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡢᕷ⏫ᮧࡢ⾜ᨻࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸㸪2014 ᖺ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ᑠᏛᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡗࡓඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡶㄪᰝᖺࡢ 4 ᭶ࡢẁ㝵࡛ࡢ≧ἣࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄆᐃせ௳ࡣ⾲㸯࡟♧ࡍࠋ㸲⠇ ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ
ࡲࡎ㸪ୖグࡢ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀຠᯝࢆᣢࡘ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪⥆࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆ
㏣ຍࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟஧ࡘࡢศᯒᯟ⤌ࡳࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ᭱ᑠ஧஌᥎ᐃ㔞ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ࠶ࡿࠋḟ࡟㸪Ꮫᖺᮇ㛫ࡣ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥࠿ࡽ⩣ᖺ 3 ᭶ 31 ᪥࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫᖺෆ࡛᭱ᖺ㛗ࡢඣ❺ࡣ 4 ᭶ 2 ᪥⏕ࡲࢀ㸪᭱ᖺᑡࡢඣ❺ࡣ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥⏕ࡲࢀ࡜࡞ࡿไᗘࢆ฼⏝ࡋࡓ‽ᐇ㦂ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳ࡟ࡼࡿ᥎ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ไᗘⓗࣂ࢚࣮ࣜࢩࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ᅇᖐ୙㐃⥆ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ㸦Regression Discontinuity Design,259- 259 -

RDD㸧ࢆᛂ⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ijt=β㸮㸩β1 ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ i㸩β2 ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮i㸩β3 ⏕άಖㆤࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β4 ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β5 㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β6 ㄪᰝᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ t㸩β7 Ꮫᰯࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ ji㸩β8 Ꮫᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ jt㸩uijt⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ijt ࡣ㸪㹲ᖺ࡟ j ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐ i ࡢྛ⬟ຊᣦᶆࢆ⾲ࡍࠋࡇࡢࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ i ࡣ㸪ྛ⏕ᚐࡢ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡣ 4 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ 1 ࢆ᭱ᑠ㸪⩣ᖺ 3᭶୪ࡧ࡟ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥⏕ࡲࢀࡢ 12 ࢆ᭱኱࡜ࡍࡿࠋㄪᰝᖺᅛᐃຠᯝ࡜Ꮫᖺᅛᐃຠᯝࢆྵࡵࡿࡇ࡜
࡛㸪඲⏕ᚐ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿ࣐ࢡࣟࢩࣙࢵࢡ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪⏕ᚐࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛᰯ㸪Ꮫᖺࡢ≉ᚩࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋ㸪ෆ⏕ᛶ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿࠋᏛᖺᅛᐃຠᯝࢆྵࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ྠࡌᏛᖺෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚┦ᑐⓗ࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡀ㐜࠸⏕ᚐ࡜᪩࠸⏕ᚐࡢẚ㍑ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡟ࡣ㸪ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮㸪⏕άಖㆤࢲ࣑࣮㸪ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢲ࣑࣮㸪㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࢲ࣑࣮㸪ㄪᰝᖺࢲ࣑࣮࡜Ꮫ⣭ࢲ࣑࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋᛶูࢲ࣑࣮i ࡣ⏕ᚐࡀ⏨ᛶ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 0㸪ዪᛶ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 1 ࢆ࡜ࡿኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⏕άಖㆤࢲ࣑࣮it ࡜ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢲ࣑࣮it ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀཷ⤥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜࡣ 1㸪ཷ⤥ࡋ࡚࠸࡞ࡅࢀࡤ 0 ࢆ࡜ࡾ㸪㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࢲ࣑࣮it ࡣ⏕ᚐࡢᐙᗞࡀ㠀ㄢ⛯ୡᖏ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 1㸪ࡑ࠺࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ 0 ࢆ࡜ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪⏕ᚐࡢᐙᗞࡢ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆࢥࣥࢺ
࣮ࣟࣝࡍࡿኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRDD ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ijt=β㸮㸩β㸯ฎ⨨ࢲ࣑࣮i㸩β2 ᪥ᩘ i㸩β3 ᪥ᩘ i×ฎ⨨ࢲ࣑࣮i
㸩β4 ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮i㸩β5 ⏕άಖㆤࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β6 ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β7 㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β8 ㄪᰝᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ t㸩β9 Ꮫᰯࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ i
㸩β10 Ꮫᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ j㸩uijtࡇࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪ㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࢆ 3 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀ࡜ 4 ᭶⏕ࡲࢀࡢ⏕ᚐ࡟⤠ࡾ㸪4 ᭶ 1 ᪥௨๓࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ⏕ᚐࢆᑐ↷⩌㸪4 ᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓ⏕ᚐࢆฎ⨨⩌࡜ࡍࡿࠋฎ⨨ࢲ࣑࣮i ࡣ⏕ᚐ i ࡀᑐ↷⩌࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 0㸪ฎ⨨⩌࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 1 ࢆ࡜ࡿࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᩘ i ࡣ 4 ᭶ 2 ᪥ࢆ 0 ᪥࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ㄌ⏕᪥ࡀ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥ࡢఱ᪥ᚋ࠿ࢆ⾲ࡋ㸪౛࠼ࡤ 4 ᭶ 5 ᪥⏕ࡲࢀ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ 3㸪3 ᭶ 3 ᪥⏕ࡲࢀ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ-27 ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ඲࡚ࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᶆ‽ㄗᕪࡣ୙ᆒ୍ศᩓ࡟ᑐฎࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࣟࣂࢫࢺᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸳⠇ ศᯒ⤖ᯝ㸯㸬グ㏙⤫ィ㔞 ◊✲࡟⏝࠸ࡿኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⾲㸰࡟♧ࡍࠋ୺せ⛉┠ࡢᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘ࣭♫఍࣭⌮⛉ࡣ㸪๓
㏙ࡢ⌮⏤࡛ᖹᆒࡀ 50.00 ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡶࡢࡢ࠾࠾ࡼࡑ 50 ࡟㏆ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ㄪᰝ
260- 260 -

ᑐ㇟ࡢඣ❺ࡢᡂ⦼ࡀ඲ᅜ࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝぢ࡚ࡶ኱ࡁࡃ೫ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᅜࡀᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ௧࿴ඖᖺᗘ඲ᅜᏛຊ࣭Ꮫ⩦≧ἣㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡣ X ┴ᖹᆒཬࡧ඲ᅜᖹᆒ࣭
୰ኸ್ࢆୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᙜヱᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᕷ⏫ᮧࡸᏛᰯࡀ㸪ᩍ⫱⇕ᚰ࡞࡜ࡇࢁ࡟೫ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘ㸪♫఍࣭⌮⛉࡛኱ࡁࡃほ ᩘࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪๓⪅ࡣ 1࣭2 ᖺ⏕ࡶཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪ᚋ⪅ࡣ 3 ᖺ⏕௨ୖࡢࡳࡢཷ㦂࡛ 1࣭2ᖺ⏕ࡣཷ㦂ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘ㛫㸪⌮⛉࣭♫఍㛫࡛ࡶほ ᩘࡀࢃࡎ࠿࡟␗࡞
ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ୍㒊ࡢඣ❺ࡀయㄪ୙Ⰻ࡞࡝ࡢ⌮⏤࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠸ࡎࢀ࠿ࡢ⛉┠ࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆཷࡅ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀཎᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᅗᕤ࡜㡢ᴦࡢᡂ⦼࡛ࡣ㸪⥲ྜ࣭ヲ⣽㡯┠㸦⾲⌧㸧࡝ࡕࡽ࡛ࡶࢃࡎ࠿࡟ᅗᕤࡢ᪉ࡀᖹᆒࡣ㧗ࡃ㸪㡢ᴦࡢ⥲ྜᡂ⦼ࡣ┠❧ࡗ࡚ᩓࡽࡤࡾࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ
࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋዪᛶࡀ 1㸪⏨ᛶࡀ 0 ࢆ࡜ࡿᛶู࡛ࡣᖹᆒࡀ 0.49 ࡜ 2 ࣃ࣮ࢭࣥࢸ࣮ࢪ࣏࢖ࣥࢺ
࡯࡝⏨ᛶࡢ᪉ࡀከ࠸ࠋ♫఍⤒῭ኚᩘ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕άಖㆤཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡀ 0.00 ࡜ᴟࡵ࡚ᑠ
ࡉࡃ㸪඲యࡢ 1㸣࡟‶ࡓ࡞࠸ඣ❺ࡢᐙᗞࡢࡳࡀཷ⤥ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀࢃ࠿ࡿࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢほ ᩘࡣ㸪᭱኱࡛ 44,519 ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪୍㒊ࡢඣ❺ࡀほ ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪࠶
ࡿ࠸ࡣほ ࡛ࡁࡿㄪᰝᖺࡸᏛᖺࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ከࡃࡢኚᩘ࡛ࡑࢀ௨ୗ࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ྛኚᩘࡢほ ㄪᰝᖺ࣭Ꮫᖺࡣ㸱⠇ࠕࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࠖ㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪RDD ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟ࢆ 3 ᭶࡜ 4 ᭶࡟㝈ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪඲࡚ࡢኚᩘ࡛ほ ᩘࡀ⣙ 6 ศࡢ㸯࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬㐠ື⬟ຊࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ ࡲࡎ㸪୺せ࡞㐠ື⬟ຊࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࢆ
᥎ᐃࡋ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸱࡟⾲ࡍࠋㄪᰝᖺ࡜Ꮫᖺࡢࡳࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶
ࡀ 1 ࠿᭶㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜㸪50M ㉮ࡣ 0.039 ⛊㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࡣ 22cm ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 0.1㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟㸪ᛶูࡸ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ⤫ไࡍࡿኚᩘࢆ
㏣ຍࡋ࡚ࡶຠᯝ㔞ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡽࡎ㸪᭷ពỈ‽࡟ࡶኚ໬ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
Ꮫᖺู࡛ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡶ㸪
50M ㉮࣭ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪඲࡚ࡢᏛᖺ࡛᭷ព࡟ᕪࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࠋ50M ㉮ࡣ 1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ
4 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡣ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢಀᩘࡀᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚ໬ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆ࡛ࡣ 3 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ㛫ࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪Ꮫᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ಀᩘࡢ⤯ᑐ್ࡣ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪᭱పᏛᖺ࡛ 0 ࢆ࡜ࡾ㸪௨㝆 1 Ꮫᖺୖࡀࡿࡇ࡜࡟ 1 ኱ࡁ࡞್ࢆ࡜ࡿ㸪Ꮫᖺࡢ㐃⥆ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ࡇࢀ࡜⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢ஺ᕪ㡯ࢆຍ࠼ࡓ௨ୗࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡶ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ 4ᖺ⏕ࡢሙྜ㸪㐠ື⬟ຊࡢㄪᰝᑐ㇟ࡢ࠺ࡕ᭱పᏛᖺࡣ 1 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪Ꮫᖺࡢ㐃⥆ኚᩘࡣ 3ࡢ್ࢆ࡜ࡿࠋ
᥎ᐃࡍࡿ஺ᕪ㡯ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ijt=β㸮㸩β1 ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ i㸩β2 Ꮫᖺࡢ㐃⥆ኚᩘ jt
㸩β3 Ꮫᖺࡢ㐃⥆ኚᩘ jt×⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ i㸩β4 ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮i㸩β5 ⏕άಖㆤࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β6 ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β7 㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β8 ㄪᰝᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ t㸩β9 Ꮫᰯࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ ji㸩β10 Ꮫᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ jt㸩uijt

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ࡇࡢ஺ᕪ㡯ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡶ 0.1㸣࡛᭷ព࡟㸪Ꮫᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚⏕ࡲࢀ᭶࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࡀ㸪
50M ㉮࡛ࡣ⦰ᑠࡋ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆ࡛ࡣᣑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋḟ࡟㸪RDD ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝศᯒࡋ㸪⾲㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇࡇ࡛㸪RDD ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪4 ᭶ 1 ᪥௨๓⏕ࡲࢀࡀᑐ↷⩌㸪4 ᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆ࡀฎ⨨⩌࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྠࡌࡼ࠺࡞⤖ᯝࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝࡢಀᩘ࡜➢ྕࡀ㏫㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ౛
࠼ࡤ㸪50M ㉮ࡢฎ⨨ࢲ࣑࣮ࡢಀᩘࡀ㈇࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫᖺෆ࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗ࡢ 4 ᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆⏕ࡲࢀࡢඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪ᖺᑡࡢ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥௨๓⏕ࡲࢀࡢඣ❺࡟ẚ࡭࡚㸪ࢱ࢖࣒ࡀ▷࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋㄪᰝᖺ࡜Ꮫᖺࡢࡳࢆࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ࡛ࡣ㸪4 ᭶ 1 ᪥௨๓⏕ࡲࢀ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ 4
᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆⏕ࡲࢀࡢඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪50M ㉮ࡣ 0.27 ⛊᪩ࡃ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࡣ 40.9cm 㛗࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪50M ㉮࡛ࡣ 0.01㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࡣ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛ࡶ᭷ព࡛
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪ᛶู࡜♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡍࡿ࡜㸪4 ᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆࡜4 ᭶ 1 ᪥௨๓ࡢ⏕ࡲࢀࡢᕪࡣ㸪50M ㉮ࡣ 0.352 ⛊㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࡣ 1.939m ࡜ᣑ኱ࡋ㸪࡝ࡕࡽࡶ 0.01㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋᏛᖺู࡛ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪50M ㉮࡛ࡣ 1 ᖺ⏕࡛≉࡟ࡑࡢᕪࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪0.566 ⛊࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆ࡛ࡣ㸪1 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
0.1%࡛᭷ព࡛㸪ࡑࡢᕪࡣᣑ኱ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢᚋ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡲ࡛ࡣࡑࡢᕪࡣ⦰ᑠࡋ 5 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 1㸣
࡛᭷ព㸪6 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 5㸣࡛᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪50M ㉮㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆࡢ㐠ື⬟ຊࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᖺ㛗ࡢඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀᖺᑡࡢඣ❺ࡼࡾࡶඃࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣඛࡢ◊✲࡟ᩚྜࡍࡿࠋ㸱㸬୺せ⛉┠ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ
ḟ࡟㸪ᅜㄒ࣭⟬ᩘ࣭⌮⛉࣭♫఍ࡢ୺せ㸲⛉┠ࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ᅇᖐࣔࢹࣝ㸪RDD ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸳㸪㸴࡟♧ࡍࠋࡲࡎ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶࡜ㄪᰝᖺ㸪Ꮫᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࢆ࡜ࡗࡓ㐃⥆ኚᩘࡢࣔࢹࣝ 1 ࡛ࡣ඲࡚ࡢᩍ⛉࡛ಀᩘࡀ-0.28 ࠿ࡽ-0.25 ࡛㈇࡜࡞ࡾ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡀ 1 ᭶㐜࠸࡜㸪೫ᕪ್ࡀ 0.28 ࠿ࡽ 0.25 ⛬ᗘୗࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋRDD ࡢࣔࢹࣝ 1 ࡛ࡶྠᵝ࡟ࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘࡣᏛᖺ࡜ㄪᰝᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࡔࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝὀ┠ࡍ࡭ࡁฎ⨨ࢲ࣑࣮ࡢಀᩘࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢᩍ⛉࡛ಀᩘࡀ 3.0 ࠿ࡽ 3.8 ࡛ṇ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪4 ᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓඣ❺ࡣ 4 ᭶ 1 ᪥࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓඣ❺ࡼࡾࡶ೫ᕪ್ࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ࡞࠾㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ࠿ࡽಀᩘࡢ➢ྕࡀ㏫㌿ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ὀពࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ
ࡇࢀࡽ஧ࡘࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ♫఍⤒῭ኚᩘࡸ㸪ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪⤖ᯝ࡟࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡾࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ㸪
RDD ࣔࢹࣝ࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜࡶ㸪ᖐ↓௬ㄝࡣ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛Რ༷ࡉࢀ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ⱝ࠸ඣ❺ࡢ᪉ࡀᏛ⩦ᡂ⦼ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜ᩚྜⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛᖺูࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࣔࢹࣝࡢᏛᰯ࣭Ꮫᖺࡢ
ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸪ᛶู࣭♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࣭Ꮫ
ᖺ࡛ 0.1㸣࡛᭷ព࡞ᕪࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ꮫᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࡑࡢᕪࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫᖺ࡜⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢ஺ᕪ㡯ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡶ㸪ࡇࡢഴྥࡣ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉ RDD ࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪Ꮫᖺࡈ࡜ࡢಀᩘࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡢኚ໬࡟୍㈏ࡋࡓഴྥࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ
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࠿ࡋ㸪1 ࠿ࡽ 3 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࡟࠾࠸࡚ 0.1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ㸪6 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ⌮⛉ࡀ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡞ࡢࢆ㝖ࡁ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ⛉┠ࡶ᭷ព࡟Რ༷࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
㸲㸬㠀ㄆ▱ᣦᶆࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ
ḟ࡟㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࣭ឤ᝟ไᚚ࣭௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱࣭⾲⌧ຊࡢ 4 㡯┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ᣦᶆࢆ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜
ࡋ࡚㸪᥎ᐃࡍࡿࠋ⾲㸵࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ㄪᰝᖺ࡜Ꮫᖺࡢࡳࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ᅇᖐࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡣ-0.012㸪ឤ᝟ไᚚࡣ-0.007㸪⾲⌧ຊࡣ-0.005㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࡣ-0.002 ࡜඲࡚ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱㡯┠࡛ಀᩘࡀ㈇࡜࡞ࡾ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡀ㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆୗࡆࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪ឤ᝟ไᚚ࡜⮬ᑛᚰࡣ 0.1㸣㸪⾲⌧ຊࡣ 5㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࡣ 5㸣ࡢ᭷ពỈ‽࡛Რ༷࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡣ㸪ᛶู࡜♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡀ㐜࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ⮬ᑛᚰ࣭ឤ᝟ไᚚ࣭⾲⌧ຊࡢ୕ࡘࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ᭷ព࡟ୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
Ꮫᖺูࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕࣭5 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣඹ࡟ 0.1㸣࡛᭷ព࡛ಀᩘࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡶࡑࢀ
ࡒࢀ-0.014㸪-0.013 ࡜࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪6 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 5㸣࡛᭷ព࡟࡞ࡾಀᩘࡶ-0.009 ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋឤ᝟ไᚚ࡛ࡣ㸪ಀᩘࡶᏛᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪4 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 1㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪5 ᖺ⏕࣭6 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 5㸣࡛ࡶ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࠋ⾲⌧ຊࡣ 5 ᖺ⏕ࡢಀᩘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢᏛᖺ࡛ࡶ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࡞ࡃ㸪5 ᖺ⏕࣭6 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣಀᩘࡶ࡯ࡰ 0 ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࢫ
࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶࡜Ꮫᖺࡢ஺ᕪ㡯ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡶ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㡯┠ࡶ᭷ព࡞⤖ᯝࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉࡛㸪RDD ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㡹೺ᛶ࡟Ḟࡅࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾲㸶࡟♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ឤ᝟ไᚚ࡟࠾࠸࡚ಀᩘࡣ࡝ࡢࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶṇ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ឤ᝟ไᚚࡣ♫఍⤒῭ኚᩘ࣭ᛶูࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ஧ࡘ࡛ࡣ 5㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱࡛ࡣ♫఍⤒῭ኚᩘ࡜ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮ࢆ㏣ຍࡋ࡞࠸ሙྜࡣಀᩘࡀṇ࠿ࡘ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶ
ࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ 5㸣ࡢỈ‽࡛᭷ព࡟ᖐ↓௬ㄝࢆᲠ༷࡛ࡁ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪⾲⌧ຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣㄪᰝᖺᅛᐃຠᯝ࡜Ꮫᰯᅛᐃຠᯝ㸪Ꮫᖺᅛᐃຠᯝࢆྵࡵࡓ
ࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡣ㸪ಀᩘࡣ-0.052 ࡜㈇࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⤫ไኚᩘࢆྵࡵࡓሙྜ㸪ಀᩘࡣṇ࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ 5㸣ࡢỈ‽࡛᭷ព࡟Რ༷࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢࣔࢹࣝࡶಀᩘࡣṇࡔࡗࡓࡀ㸪᭷ព࡟Რ༷࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᏛᖺูࡢศᯒ࡛ࡶ㸪᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢឤ᝟ไᚚࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪㠀ㄆ▱ᣦᶆࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ᅇᖐࣔ
ࢹ࡛ࣝࡣᩚྜⓗ࡟㈇ࡢ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪RDD ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣవࡾᩚྜⓗ࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢཎᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᐈほⓗ࡞ᣦᶆ࡛ ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩍ⫱ᡂᯝ࡜␗࡞ࡾ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡣࡑࡢᛶ㉁࠿ࡽᮏேࡢᅇ⟅࠿ࡽࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ṇ☜࡟᳨ド࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ྍ

⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᏊ౪⮬㌟ࡢᐇ㝿ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡣ㛵ಀ࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥ࡜┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡟┦㛵ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓሙྜ㸪᥎ᐃ್ࡣࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪≉࡟⾲⌧ຊ࡟㝈ᐃࡋ㸪ᢸ௵ࡢඛ⏕࡜࠸࠺Ꮚ౪ࡢ⬟ຊࢆ࠶ࡿ୍ᐃᮇ㛫ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿ➨୕⪅ࡢホ౯࠿ࡽ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋࡜Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵ಀ࡟㏕ࡿࠋ

263- 263 -

㸳㸬ᢸ௵ࡢホ౯ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ
ᑠᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭ᢸ௵ࡣ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡀゐࢀྜ࠺኱ேࡢ୰࡛㸪᥋ゐ᫬㛫࣭ᮇ㛫ࡀ㛗ࡃࡼࡃほᐹ࡛ࡁ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣᏛ⣭ෆࡢ௚ࡢඣ❺࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗᕤ࡜㡢ᴦ࡜࠸࠺⾲⌧ຊࡀᚲせ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ⛉┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪ᢸ௵ࡢᡂ⦼ホ౯ࢆ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ௦⌮ᣦᶆ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ࡿࠋ⾲㸷࡟♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪㐃⥆ኚᩘࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪ᅗᕤࡣᏛᖺ࡜ㄪᰝᖺࡢࡳࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⥲ྜホ౯࣭ヲ⣽㡯┠࡜ࡶ࡟㈇࡛┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡟ࡳࡽࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࣭ᛶู࣭Ꮫ⣭ࡢຠᯝࢆ⤫ไࡋ࡚ࡶኚ໬ࡋ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪㡢ᴦࡢ⥲ྜホ౯ࡣ඲࡚ࡢ
ࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ୍࡛ࣙࣥ㈏ࡋ࡚㈇ࡢຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪㡢ᴦࡢヲ⣽㡯┠࡛ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥࡶṇ࡛㸪5㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᏛᖺู
࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗᕤ⥲ྜࡣᏛᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪4࣭5 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 0.1㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡶࡢࡀ㸪6 ᖺ⏕࡛ࡣ 5㸣࡛᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ㡢ᴦࡣ⥲ྜ࣭ヲ⣽㡯┠࠸ࡎࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪࡯ࡰ඲࡚ࡢᏛᖺ࣭ࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ࡛ࣙࣥ᭷ព࡟Რ༷࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
RDD ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪⾲㸯㸮࡟♧ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࠋᅗᕤ⥲ྜ࡜ᅗᕤ⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ฎ⨨ࢲ࣑࣮ࡢಀᩘࡣṇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡣᅗᕤ⥲ྜ࡛඲యࢆᑐ㇟࡟ศᯒࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ 1㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕㄪᰝᖺᅛᐃຠᯝ㸪Ꮫᖺᅛᐃຠᯝ㸪Ꮫᰯᅛᐃຠᯝࡢࡳࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ᛶ
ู࡜♫఍⤒῭ኚᩘࢆຍ࠼ࡓࣔࢹࣝ 2 ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㡢ᴦ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ 1 ࡜
ࣔࢹࣝ 2 ࡢ࡝ࡕࡽࡢࢫ࣌ࢩࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
㸴㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓศᯒ ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀほᐹࡉࢀࡿሙ
ྜࡀከ࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࣔࢹࣝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢࡑࡢᖹᆒ࠿ࡽࡢᕪ
㸦௨ୗ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸧㸪ཬࡧࡑࡢ 2 ஌㡯㸦௨ᚋᏛ⣭つᶍ 2 ࡜ࡍࡿ㸧ࢆຍ࠼࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚ࡳࡿࠋ2 ஌㡯ࢆຍ࠼ࡓࡢࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭱㐺್ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⪃࠼ࡓ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔ
ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡑࡢ 2 ஌㡯ࢆࡑࡢࡲࡲ౑⏝ࡍࡿ࡜୧⪅㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ከ㔜ඹ⥺ᛶࡀ⏕ࡲࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢၥ㢟ࢆ㑊ࡅࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ᖹᆒ࠿ࡽࡢᕪ࡜ࡑࡢ 2 ஌㡯ࢆ౑࠺ࡇ࡜࡜ࡋ
ࡓࠋᮏ◊✲ࡢศᯒᑐ㇟࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒࡣ 31.9 ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⿕ㄝ᫂ኚᩘ ijt=β㸮㸩β1 ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ i㸩β2 ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮i㸩β3 ⏕άಖㆤࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β4 ᑵᏛ᥼ຓࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β5 㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙࢲ࣑࣮it㸩β6 ㄪᰝᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ t㸩β7 Ꮫᰯࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ ji㸩β8 Ꮫᖺࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ jt㸩β9 Ꮫ⣭つᶍ ijt
㸩β10 Ꮫ⣭つᶍ 2jjt㸩uijtࡇࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸯࡟♧ࡍࠋ㐠ື⬟ຊ࣭୺せ⛉┠࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࣭㠀୺せ⛉┠඲࡚ࡢ㡯┠࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࢆຍ࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸ศᯒ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢಀᩘࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ኚ໬
ࡀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛫࡟ࡣ㸪᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡉࡏࡿ࡯࡝ࡢ
ᙳ㡪ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢಀᩘࢆぢ࡚ࡳࡿ࡜㸪50m ㉮࡛ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࢯࣇࢺ࣎
࣮ࣝᢞࡆࡣ 1 ḟ㡯ࡀ-0.019 ࡛ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព㸪2 ḟ㡯ࡣ 0.005 ࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ࣆ࣮
264- 264 -

ࢡࡣ 3.7(=-0.037/2×0.005)㏫ U Ꮠᆺࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᖹᆒ 31.9 ࠿ࡽࡢᕪࢆ࡜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡛ࡣ 35.6(=3.7+31.9)ࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡲ࡛ࡣቑຍࡋࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜
࡟࡞ࡿࠋ୺せ⛉┠࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡀほᐹࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ♫఍ࡣ 2 ḟ㡯ࡢࡳࡀ㈇࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟᥮⟬ࡍࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್ 31.9 ࡀࣆ࣮ࢡ࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
⌮⛉ࡣ 1 ḟ㡯ࡀ-0.037 ࡛ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព㸪࠿ࡘ 2 ḟ㡯ࡀ-0.005 ࡛ 1㸣࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ ࡽ 㸪 ࣆ ࣮ ࢡ ࡀ 3.7(=-0.037/2×-0.005) ࡢ ㏫ U Ꮠ ࢆ ᥥ ࡃ ࠋ Ꮫ ⣭ つ ᶍ ࡟ ᥮ ⟬ ࡍ ࡿ ࡜
35.6(=3.7+31.9)࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇࡲ࡛ࡣ⌮⛉ࡢᏛຊࡀୖ᪼ࡋࡑࢀ௨㝆ࡣῶᑡࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
ࢀࡓᅄࡘࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ࠺ࡕ୕ࡘ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㈇ࡢ㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋ⮬ᑛᚰࡣ 1 ḟ㡯ࡢࡳࡀ-0.08 ࡛ 0.1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢቑຍࡣ⮬ᑛᚰࢆୗࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ
ࢃ࠿ࡿࠋឤ᝟ไᚚ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ 1 ḟ㡯ࡀ̺0.004 ࡛ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព㸪࠿ࡘ 2 ḟ㡯ࡀ 0.001 ࡛
1%Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡞ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪U Ꮠᆺࢆ♧ࡋ࣎ࢺ࣒ࡀ 2(=-0.004/2×0.001)࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟᥮⟬ࡍࡿ࡜ 33.9 ࡀ᭱኱್ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍ್㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ᭱㐺Ỉ‽࡜࡞ࡿࠋ⾲⌧ຊࡣ 1 ḟ㡯ࡢࡳࡀ
-0.05 ࡛ 5㸣࡛᭷ព㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡶ 1 ḟ㡯ࡢࡳࡀ-0.004 ࡛ 1㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ᭷ព࡟పୗࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ㠀୺せ⛉┠࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗᕤ⥲ྜࡣ㸯ḟ㡯 0.003 ࡛ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪つᶍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ୖ᪼ࡍࡿࠋ㡢ᴦ๰㐀࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠸ࠋᅗᕤ⾲⌧ࡣ 0.1㸣࡛᭷ព࡛
0.012 ࡜ṇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪2 ḟ㡯ࡀ 0.001 ࡛ 5㸣Ỉ‽࡛᭷ព࡜࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪U Ꮠᆺࢆ♧ࡋ࣎
ࢺ࣒ࡀ 6.0(=-0.012/2×0.001)࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪37.9 ࡀ᭱ᑠ್ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡑ
ࡇࡲ࡛ࡣᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࡀୗࡀࡾ㸪ࡑࡇࢆ㉸࠼ࡿ࡜ቑຍࡍࡿࠋ㡢ᴦࡣ 5㸣࡛ࡶ᭷ព࡟Რ༷࡛ࡁ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋ㡢ᴦ⾲⌧࡛ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠸ࠋ

㸴⠇ ⤖ㄽ࡜⪃ᐹᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄝ᫂ኚᩘࡢḞⴠ࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿసᴗࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢᏑᅾ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞᪉㠃࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡋ㸪ḟ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀ኱ࡁࡃኚ໬ࡍࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆほᐹࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡣ㸪㐠ື⬟ຊࡸ୺せ⛉┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್࡟࠿࡞ࡾࡣࡗࡁࡾ࡜ࡋࡓᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋྠᏛᖺෆ࡛ࡢ┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࢆ ᐃࡋࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪㐠ື⬟ຊ࡛ࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡀ 1 ࠿᭶㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜඲࡚᭷ព࡛㸪50M ㉮ࡀ 0.039 ⛊㐜ࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ
ᢞࡆࡀ 21.5cm ▷ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡞࡝ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡛ࡣ㸪඲࡚᭷ព࡛୺せ⛉┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡀ 1 ࠿᭶㐜ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜㸪0.25 ࠿ࡽ 0.28 పࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪4 ᭶ 2 ᪥௨㝆࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓᖺ㛗ࡢඣ❺ࡣ㸪4 ᭶ 1 ᪥௨๓࡟⏕ࡲࢀࡓᖺᑡࡢඣ❺ࡼࡾࡶ 2.7 ࠿ࡽ 3.2 పࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ඛࡢ஧ࡘ࡯࡝ࡢᙉ࠸୍㈏ᛶࡣぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ᣦᶆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᖺᑡ⪅ࡢ᪉ࡀᖺ㛗⪅ࡼࡾࡶప࠸࡜࠸࠺┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡟ぢཷࡅࡽࢀࡓࠋㄌ⏕ࡀ 1 ࠿᭶㐜ࢀࡿ࡜㠀ㄆ▱ᣦᶆࡀ㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡛⣙ 0.017 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸪ឤ᝟ไᚚ࡛⣙ 0.001 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸪⾲⌧ຊ࡛ 0.006 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱࡛ 0.003 ᶆ‽೫ᕪᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ࡇࡢຠᯝࡣᏛᖺࡀୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡶኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ
265- 265 -

ࢃ࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ➨୕⪅ホ౯ࡢ⾲⌧ຊࡶ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ㐃⥆ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿࣔࢹࣝ
࡛ࡣ㸪ᅗᕤ࡛ࡣㄌ⏕ࡀ 1 ࠿᭶㐜ࢀࡿ࡜⥲ྜᡂ⦼ࡀ 0.023 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ㸪⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡍࡿヲ⣽㡯┠
ࡀ 0.018 ᶆ‽೫ᕪ࡜ࢃࡎ࠿ࡔࡀ 1㸣࡛᭷ព࡟ୗࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀศ࠿ࡗࡓ୍᪉࡛㸪㡢ᴦࡣ⥲ྜᡂ⦼
ࡣ 1 ࠿᭶ࡈ࡜࡟̺0.003 ᶆ‽೫ᕪࡢపୗ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ຠᯝࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪ヲ⣽㡯┠࡛ࡣຠᯝ㔞⮬యࡀ
0.003 ࡜ṇ࡟࡞ࡾ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ᭷ព࡟࡞ࡽ࡞࠸࡞࡝ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆᚓࡓࠋ
௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝࢆඖ࡟㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᥎ᐃᘧ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆຍ࠼࡚෌᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸪᥎ᐃ್ࡀ࡝ࡢ
ࡼ࠺࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢ㛫࡟஺⤡ຠᯝࡀᏑᅾࡍࢀࡤ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆྵࡵ࡞࠸᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟Ḟⴠኚᩘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᮏሗ࿌᭩࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡇ
ࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ኱ࡁࡃኚ᭦ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ❶᳨࡛ドࡀヨࡳࡽࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡣᵝࠎ࡞ᒁ㠃࡛⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ᛮ
ࢃࢀࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୧᪉࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㏫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡀᏑᅾࡍሙྜ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡀ஺⤡ኚᩘ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࢆྵࡲ࡞࠸᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣḞⴠኚᩘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡿࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ༢⊂࡞ศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ༢⊂࡞ศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㸪཮᪉ࡢࡼࡾ」㞧࡞㛵ಀࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ᳨࡚ドࢆ㐍ࡵࡿᚲせᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ୰℩ᝆ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ᰠ⃝ᑑಙ㸦኱㜰኱Ꮫ㸧ᯇ⦾ᑑ࿴㸦㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ㸧



266

- 266 -

⾲㸯㸸♫఍⤒῭≧ἣࢆ⾲ࡍኚᩘࡢㄝ᫂
཰ධࡀཌ⏕ປാ኱⮧ࡢᐃࡵࡿ᭱ప⏕ά㈝࡟‶ࡓ࡞࠸ሙྜ㸪᭱ప⏕ά㈝⏕άಖㆤ࡜཰ධࡢᕪ㢠ࡀᨭ⤥ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ୡᖏᵓᡂ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᐃࡵࡿ᭱ప⏕ά㈝ࡣኚ໬ࡍࡿࠋ

ᑵᏛ᥼ຓᙜヱᕷ⏫ᮧ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛㸪୍ᐃࡢᡤᚓไ㝈㢠ࢆ㉸࠼࡞࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪Ꮫ⏝
ရ㈝ࡸᏛᰯ࡛ᚲせ࡞㈝⏝ࢆ᥼ຓࡍࡿࠋ
๓ᖺࡢྜィᡤᚓ㔠㢠ཪࡣ⥲ᡤᚓ㔠㢠➼ࡢྜィ㢠ཬࡧ㸪᥍㝖ᑐ㇟㓄അ⪅㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙ

ཪࡣᢇ㣴ぶ᪘ࡢேᩘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚㸪ಶேᕷ࣭ᗓẸ⛯㸦ᆒ➼๭࣭ᡤᚓ๭㸧ࡀ㠀ㄢ⛯࡜࡞ࡿࠋ

⾲㸰㸸グ㏙⤫ィ㔞


ᖹᆒ

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

᭱ᑠ್

᭱኱್

ほ

ᩘ

ᅜㄒ

51.35

8.99

25

68

43961

⟬ᩘ

51.2

9.26

25

71

43995

♫఍

50.9

9.56

25

73

28950

⌮⛉

50.21

9.19

25

71

28955

50M ㉮

10.2

1.33

7

66

43855

ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝᢞࡆ

13.49

7.97

0

65

43898

⮬ᑛᚰ

3.36

0.71

1

5

9999

ឤ᝟ไᚚ

2.81

0.71

1

4

10636

௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱

3.06

0.65

1

4

10630

⾲⌧ຊ

2.85

0.81

1

4

10701

ᅗᕤ⥲ྜ

2.22

0.44

1

3

10149

ᅗᕤ⾲⌧

2.48

0.5

1

3

14859

㡢ᴦ⥲ྜ

2.16

0.39

1

3

10133

㡢ᴦ⾲⌧

2.46

0.5

1

3

14834

⏕ࡲࢀ᭶

6.55

3.44

1

12

44518

ᛶู

0.49

0.5

0

1

44519

⏕άಖㆤ

0

0.07

0

1

44519

ᑵᏛ᥼ຓ

0.09

0.29

0

1

44519

㠀ㄢ⛯㝵ᒙ

0.09

0.29

0

1

44519




267

- 267 -

⾲㸱㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㐠ື⬟ຊ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦㐃⥆ኚᩘࣔࢹࣝ㸧
268- 268 -

⾲㸲㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㐠ື⬟ຊ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦5'' ࣔࢹࣝ㸧

269- 269 -

⾲㸳㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ୺せ⛉┠࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦㐃⥆ኚᩘࣔࢹࣝ㸧

270- 270 -

⾲㸴㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ୺せ⛉┠࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦5'' ࣔࢹࣝ㸧





271

- 271 -

⾲㸵㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦㐃⥆ኚᩘࣔࢹࣝ㸧

272- 272 -

⾲㸶㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦5'' ࣔࢹࣝ㸧

273- 273 -

⾲㸷㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㠀୺せ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦㐃⥆ኚᩘࣔࢹࣝ㸧



274

- 274 -

⾲㸯㸮㸸┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㠀୺せ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼࡬ࡢᙳ㡪㸦5'' ࣔࢹࣝ㸧 275- 275 -

⾲㸯㸯㸸Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓศᯒ







276

- 276 -

ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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theGeneralizability

acrossStudents,

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Verachtert, P., B. De Fraine, P. Onghena and P. Ghesquière㸦2010㸧, “Season of Birthand School Success in the Early Years of Primary Education”, Oxford Review of

Education, 36㸦3㸧, pp.285-306.
Yamaguchi, S., H. Ito and M. Nakamuro㸦2020㸧, “Month-of-birth Effects on Skills andSkill Formation”ὀ㸯 ௚࡟ࡶ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝࡢ㛗ᮇຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ẅ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸㸦Thompson et al., 1999,
Matsubayashi and Ueda, 2015㸧࡜࠸࠺◊✲⤖ᯝࡀ࠶ࡾࠋࡲࡓ㸪ປാᕷሙ࡟ฟࡓᚋࡢᙳ
㡪ࡶศᯒࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪┦ᑐⓗᖺ㱋ࡀⱝ࠸ேࡢ᪉ࡀປാ཰ධࡀᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ
㸦Kawaguchi, 2011, Fredriksson and Öckert, 2014㸧ࡸ㸪㏫࡟ປാᕷሙ࡛ࡣຠᯝࡀ࡞࠸
࡜ࡍࡿࡶࡢࡶ࠶ࡿ㸦Dobkin and Ferreira, 2010, Balestra et al., 2020㸧ࠋ
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279

- 279 -

‫ە‬㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⦅➨㸶❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃㸫࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ㸯⠇ ࡣࡌࡵ࡟ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ
࠸࡚㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪X┴ A ᕷࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢ 3 ࠿ᖺࡢ⦪᩿ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ ㏆ᖺ㸪⤒῭Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿᐇド◊✲㸦e.g. Heckman, 2006㸧࡞࡝ࢆ⓶ษࡾ࡟㸪ᛴ㏿࡟ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦non-cognitive skills㸧ࡣ㸪♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ⬟ຊ㸦ཪࡣ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸸social and emotional competence㸧࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ⬟ຊ㸦ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧ࡢලయⓗ࡞୰㌟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᚑ᮶㸪ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮ᏛࡸⓎ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚୰ᚰⓗ࡟᳨ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ㸪♫఍ᛶࡸឤ᝟ࡢၥ㢟㸪⮬ᕫ࡟㛵ࡍࡿಙᛕ㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᵝࠎ࡞ᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞≉ᛶࡸ⾜ືഴྥࢆ㸪ᗈࡃྵࡴࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g. Gutman & Schoon, 2013㸹ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ, 2017㸹OECD, 2015㸧㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣᮏሗ࿌᭩➨㸯㒊➨㸰❶㸯⠇ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ♫఍ᛶࡸឤ᝟ࡢၥ㢟㸪௚⪅࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫ
࡞࡝ࡢ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ఀ⸨ࡽ㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪ᶆ‽໬ࢸࢫࢺࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠸ࡿᏛຊ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᳨ウ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪᝟⥴ࡸ⾜ື㠃࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᢅ࠺ෆᐜࡸ

ᐃࡢ᪉ἲࡀඹ㏻ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸

ࡓࡵ࡟ẚ㍑ྍ⬟࡞ᙧ࡛ࡢᐇドⓗ▱ぢࡀ୙㊊ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ಙ㢗ᛶ࣭ጇᙜᛶࡢ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓᑻ
ᗘࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸◊✲ࡀከࡃ㸪ᚰ⌮ᐃᏛⓗ࡞ㄢ㢟ࢆᢪ࠼࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡞࡝ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚

࠸ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡢᣦ᦬ࡸ㸪ᮏሗ࿌᭩➨㸯㒊ᇶ♏
ศᯒ⦅࡟࠾࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡓ᪉ἲㄽୖࡢㄢ㢟ࢆࡩࡲ࠼㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝ
ࣔࢹࣝ㸦multi-level model㸧࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧㛵㐃ࡢᣦᶆࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝࡢ㸯✀࡛࠶ࡿ㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ㸦ཪࡣࢡࣟࢫศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ㸸cross-classified model㸹e.g. Murayama, Sakaki, Yan, & Smith, 2014㸧࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪ᮏ❶࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ྠ୍ࡢಶே࡟」ᩘᅇ࡟ࢃࡓࡿㄪᰝ࣭ ᐃࢆ⾜࠸㸦ಶே࡟ࢿࢫࢺࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧㸪࠿ࡘ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼࡈ࡜࡟㸪ಶேࡀ␗࡞ࡿᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿ㸦Ꮫ⣭࡟ࢿࢫࢺࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪᏶඲࡞㝵ᒙ㛵ಀࡀಖࡓࢀ࡞࠸஧ࡘࡢᒓ
ᛶ㸦ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕಶேࠖ࡜ࠕᏛ⣭ࠖ㸧ࢆ㸪୪ิⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶
ࡿ㸦ᮏ❶࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅗ㸯ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸧ࠋ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡣ㸪㏆ᖺࡢᅜෆࡢᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫศ㔝࡟࠾ࡅࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ᥇⏝ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g. ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸹ᑠ㔝⏣࣭㕥ᮌ, 2017㸧ࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࢆཧ⪃࡜ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢ 3 ࠿ᖺࡢࣃࢿ
ࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ280- 280 -

㸰⠇ ᪉ἲ
㸯㸬ศᯒᑐ㇟
 ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ࡢ୍⎔࡜ࡋ࡚༠ຊ⮬἞యෆࡢබ❧ᑠ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ㄪᰝ㛤ጞᖺᗘ㸦2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ㸧࡟ᑠ
Ꮫᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢ X ┴ A ᕷࡢඣ❺ࡢ 3 ᖺศࡢㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ㸪2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘ㸪2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘ࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ᖺ 1 ᅇ㸪10 ᭶࠿ࡽ 12 ᭶࡟㸪ᕷෆࡢබ❧ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯ࡛ィ 3 ᅇࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡀᐇ
᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ྠࡌᏛᰯ✀㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧ࡢ୰࡛ 3 ᫬Ⅼศࡢㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓࡽ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ ὀ 1 ࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪3 ᅇࡢㄪᰝࡢ࠺ࡕᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ 1 ᅇࡢㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ⣣㸦ࡦࡶ㸧௜ࡅࡽࢀࡓィ 1,317 ྡࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ❺ᩘࡣ 2017 ᖺᗘ
1,317 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 700 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 594 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 23 ྡ㸹41 Ꮫ⣭㸧㸪2018 ᖺᗘ 1,269 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 680 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 584 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 5 ྡ㸹40 Ꮫ⣭㸧㸪2019 ᖺᗘ 1,243 ྡ㸦⏨Ꮚ 670 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 568 ྡ㸪ᛶู୙᫂ 5 ྡ㸹40 Ꮫ⣭㸧㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓᏛ⣭ᩘࡣィ 121 Ꮫ⣭࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
㸰㸬ศᯒࣔࢹࣝ
㸦㸯㸧ᚑᒓኚᩘ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦እྥᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸧ࢆ㝖ࡃ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦ࡍࡈ࠸㸪೧࠸㸪ዲࡁ㸪ᛧ࠸㸪ឤㅰ㸧㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪⮬ᑛᚰ㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸸ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟
࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸦㸰㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᵓ㐀࡜ศᯒࣔࢹࣝ
ᅗ㸯࡟♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ❶࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪」ᩘࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛ྠ୍ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࠕಶேࠖ࡟ࢿࢫࢺࡉࢀࡓ㸦⤌ࡳ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭༢఩࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓㄪᰝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿⅬ࡛㸪ࠕᏛ⣭ࠖ࡟ࢿࢫࢺࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᅗୖ࡟⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸪ྛᏛ⣭ࡣࠕᏛᰯࠖ࡜࠸
࠺㸪ࡼࡾୖ఩ࡢ༢఩࡟ࢿࢫࢺࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㝵ᒙᛶࢆࡶࡘࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿࠋ㝵ᒙᛶࢆᣢࡘࢹ࣮
ࢱࢆศᯒࡍࡿ㝿㸪㏻ᖖࡢ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㸦OLS ᥎ᐃ㸧࡞࡝㸪㝵ᒙᛶࢆఱࡽ⪃៖ࡋ࡞࠸ศᯒᡭἲ
ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ࡜㸪┦㛵ࡢᕼⷧ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌࡿ࡞࡝㐺ษ࡞᥎ᐃࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢ
ၥ㢟ࢆᅇ㑊ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ኚᩘྠኈࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿ㝿㸪ኚᩘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࡈ࡜࡟ศࡅ᳨࡚ウࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ㝵ᒙⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿᩍ⫱࣭Ⓨ㐩ศ㔝ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ᥎ዡࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g. Raudenbush & Bryk,
2002㸧ࠋ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡣ㸪␗࡞ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝࡢኚᩘྠኈࡢ㛵㐃ࢆྠ᫬࡟᳨ウ281- 281 -

ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆྍ⬟࡜ࡍࡿศᯒᡭἲ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᏛᰯཬࡧᏛ⣭ࢆ༢఩࡜ࡋ࡚཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓࢹ࣮
ࢱࡢሙྜ㸪ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝ㸦ࣞ࣋ࣝ 1㸧㸪Ꮫ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝ㸦ࣞ࣋ࣝ 2㸧㸪Ꮫᰯࣞ࣋ࣝ㸦ࣞ࣋ࣝ 3㸧ࡢ୕ࡘࡢࣞ࣋ࣝࢆྠ᫬࡟௬ᐃࡋࡓ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠺࡜࠸ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪」ᩘᅇ࡟ࢃࡓࡾ㸪ྠ୍ࡢಶேࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚
ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㝵ᒙࡢୗ࡟㸪᫬Ⅼࣞ࣋ࣝࢆタᐃࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ᖺᗘࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪㐍⣭ࡸᏛ⣭⦅ᡂ࡟కࡗ࡚㸪᫬Ⅼ㸦ㄪᰝᖺᗘ㸧࡟ࡼࡾඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ␗࡞ࡿᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪㏻ᖖࡢ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ
࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ಶேࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ㝵ᒙࡢୖ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭ࣞ࣋ࣝࢆタᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪᏶඲࡞㝵ᒙ㛵ಀࡀಖࡓࢀ࡞࠸஧ࡘࡢᒓᛶ㸦ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠕಶ
ேࠖ࡜ࠕᏛ⣭ࠖ㸧ࢆ୪ิⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡞ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ
࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ㸦e.g. ఀ⸨௚, 2017㸹ᑠ㔝⏣࣭㕥ᮌ, 2017㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࠋᅗ㸯 ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀


᫬Ⅼ 

Ꮫ⣭

Ꮫ⣭

᫬Ⅼ 

࣭࣭࣭


͐




Ꮫ⣭ $ Ꮫ⣭ %

͐Ꮫ⣭ M

Ꮫ⣭ $ Ꮫ⣭ %

Ꮫ⣭ Mಶே $ ಶே $



͐

͐



ಶே L$ ಶே M ಶே M͐͐ಶே LMಶே $ ಶே $ಶே L$ ಶே M ಶே M

ಶே LM






࣭࣭࣭
ಶே ;

ಶே  ಶே 


ಶே



ᅗὀ㸧ඣ❺⏕ᚐ X ࡀ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ k ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪j ␒┠ࡢᏛ⣭ kj ࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿ i ␒┠ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆಶே ikj ࡜ࡋ࡚⾲⌧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏሗ࿌᭩➨㸯㒊ᇶ♏ศᯒ⦅࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯつᶍ࡞࡝㸪௚ࡢᏛᰯࣞ࣋ࣝࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ኚືࡋ࠺ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡼࡾ⢭☜࡞᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯࣞ࣋ࣝࡢせᅉࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓᙧ࡛ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡢศᯒᡭἲࢆཧ⪃࡜ࡋ㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝࡢᡭἲࢆ⏝࠸ࡓୖ࡛㸪ྛኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ
ᰯෆ୰ᚰ໬ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫᰯ㛫ኚືࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓᙧ࡛ࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ
282- 282 -

㸦㸱㸧ศᯒࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせ ᮏ❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ಶேࢆ i㸪Ꮫ⣭ࢆ j㸪᫬Ⅼ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧ࢆ k ࡜ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪
᫬Ⅼ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧k ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪j ␒┠ࡢᏛ⣭ࡢ i ␒┠ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᑻᗘᚓⅬ Y
࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪௨ୗࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᅇᖐᘧࢆタᐃࡋࡓࠋ

Yijk㸻γ00㸩μ0i㸩μ0j㸩γ01㸦Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸧jk㸩γ02㸦ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮㸧1i㸩γ03㸦Ꮫᖺࢲ࣑࣮㸸ᑠ
5㸧2i㸩γ04㸦Ꮫᖺࢲ࣑࣮㸸ᑠ 6㸧3i㸩εijk ࣭࣭࣭㸦1㸧ࡓࡔࡋ㸪μ0i 㹼 N (0, ȫi00) ࣭࣭࣭㸦2㸧
μ0j 㹼 N (0, ȫj00) ࣭࣭࣭㸦3㸧εijk 㹼 N (0, Ȫ2) ࣭࣭࣭㸦4㸧ࡇࡇ࡛㸪

γ00㸸ษ∦㸦඲యᖹᆒ㸧
μ0i㸸ಶே㛫ኚື㸦ಶே i ࡢษ∦ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝ㸧μ0j㸸Ꮫ⣭㛫ኚື㸦Ꮫ⣭ j ࡢษ∦ࡢࣛࣥࢲ࣒ຠᯝ㸧γ01㸸ഴࡁ㸦᫬Ⅼ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧k ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭ j ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝ㸧γ02㸸ഴࡁ㸦ಶே i ࡢᛶู㸦ࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸧ࡢຠᯝ㸧
γ03࣭γ04㸸ഴࡁ㸦ಶே i ࡢᏛᖺ㸦ࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸧ࡢຠᯝ㸧εijk㸸ṧᕪࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⾲ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ȫi00 ࡣ μ0i㸦ᚓⅬ Y ࡢಶே㛫ᕪ㸧ࡢศᩓ㸪ȫj00 ࡣ μ0j㸦ᚓⅬ Y ࡢᏛ⣭㛫ᕪ㸧ࡢศᩓ㸪

Ȫ2 ࡣṧᕪࡢศᩓࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⾲ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢศᩓ㸦ȫi00 ཬࡧȫj00㸧ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᚓⅬ Y ࡢ್ࡀ㸪ಶேཪࡣᏛ⣭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ఀ⸨௚㸦2017㸧ࡢศᯒᡭἲ࡟࡞ࡽ࠸㸪Ꮫᰯ㛫ኚືࢆ㝖እࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛᚑᒓኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠶ࡽ࠿ࡌࡵᏛᰯෆ࡛୰ᚰ໬㸦ಶࠎࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ㸪ྛᖺᗘࡢᏛᰯෆࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆῶ⟬㸧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᛶูࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋ࡚ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋᏛᖺࢲ
࣑࣮ኚᩘࡣ㸪ᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ㸪ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋ㸱⠇ ⤖ᯝ
ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࢙࢘࢔ R version 4.2.2 ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ࡢ⟬ฟ࡟ࡣ㸪
ICC ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡢ㛵ᩘ ICCest()ࢆ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪lmerTest ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࡢ㛵ᩘ lmer()ࢆ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ฼⏝ࡋࡓࠋ
283- 283 -

㸯㸬グ㏙⤫ィ㔞࡜⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦,&&㸧ศᯒ࡟ᙜࡓࡾ㸪ᮏ❶࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓྛኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪グ㏙⤫ィ㔞ཬࡧ⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⾲㸯࡟㸪⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ࢆ⾲㸰࡟♧ࡍࠋ⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ࡣ㸪㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆࡶࡘࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᚓⅬࡢศᩓ࡟༨ࡵࡿᏛ⣭㸦ཪࡣಶே㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢศᩓࡢ๭ྜࢆ♧ࡍࠋICC ࡢ್ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭㸦ཪࡣಶே㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᚓ
Ⅼࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

ȫi00㸸᫬Ⅼ㛫ࡢศᩓ㸦ᚓⅬࡢ᫬Ⅼ㛫ኚື㸧ȫj00㸸㞟ᅋ㛫ࡢศᩓ㸦ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚື㸧σ2㸸ṧᕪࡢศᩓ㸦ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚື㸧࡜ࡋࡓ࡜ࡁ㸪ಶேࡢ⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ཬࡧᏛ⣭ࡢ⣭ෆ┦㛵㸦ICC㸧ࡣ㸪ḟࡢᘧ࡛ồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ICC㸦ಶே㸧= τi00 ÷ (ȫi00㸩ȫj00 +σ2)
ICC㸦Ꮫ⣭㸧= τj00 ÷ (ȫi00㸩ȫj00 +σ2)
ಶேࡢ ICC ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸰ࡼࡾ㸪ಶேࡢ ICC ࡢ್ࡣ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ኱ࡁࡃ㸪᫬Ⅼ࡟ࡼࡽࡎ㸪
ಶேࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀ㧗࠸㸪ࡘࡲࡾ࠶ࡿ᫬Ⅼ࡛㧗࠸ᚓⅬࢆ♧ࡍඣ❺ࡣ㸪௚ࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ
㧗࠸ᚓⅬࢆ♧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ぢࡿ࡜㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡸ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ ICC ࡣ㸪௚ࡢᣦᶆ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࡸࡸప࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࡀ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶ㸪㧗࠸ຠᯝ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡞ᇶ‽࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ICC ࡢຠᯝ㔞ࡣ㸪.05㸦ᑠ㸧㸪.10㸦୰㸧㸪.15㸦኱㸧࡜ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Hox, 2010㸧ࠋᏛ⣭ࡢ ICC ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸰ࡼࡾ㸪➨㸯㒊ᇶ♏ศᯒ⦅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢ
ICC ࡣᑠ㹼୰⛬ᗘࡢຠᯝ㔞ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ྠࡌᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺ྠኈࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘࡢ
ᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᛶࢆ♧ࡋ㸪࠶ࡿඣ❺ࡀ㧗࠸ᚓⅬࢆ♧ࡍሙྜ㸪ྠࡌᏛ⣭ෆࡢ௚ࡢඣ❺ࡶ㧗࠸ᚓⅬࢆ♧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ぢࡿ࡜㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡸ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔
ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࡢ ICC ࡀ௚ࡢᣦᶆ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ࡸࡸ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿࠋ

284- 284 -

⾲㸯 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞2017 ᖺᗘ㸦᫬Ⅼ 1㸧



2018 ᖺᗘ㸦᫬Ⅼ 2㸧

N

M

SD

ࣞࣥࢪ

N

M

SD

ࣞࣥࢪ

㸦ࡍࡈ࠸㸧

1288

3.17

0.88

1-4

1262

3.09

0.90

1-4

㸦೧࠸㸧

1279

3.03

0.92

1-4

1260

2.93

0.97

1-4

㸦ዲࡁ㸧

1267

2.98

1.02

1-4

1256

2.86

1.05

1-4

㸦ᛧ࠸㸧

1285

1.99

0.99

1-4

1261

2.15

1.03

1-4

㸦ឤㅰ㸧

1286

3.24

0.87

1-4

1260

3.16

0.93

1-4

㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸧

1223

2.27

0.90

1-4

1248

2.18

0.91

1-4

㸦Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧

1241

2.70

0.95

1-4

1251

2.46

0.96

1-4

㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸧

1254

2.73

0.73

1-4

1247

2.80

0.72

1-4

㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸧

1254

2.99

0.68

1-4

1244

3.07

0.68

1-4

㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧

1256

2.73

0.84

1-4

1251

2.81

0.82

1-4

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

1225

2.95

0.64

1-4

1231

3.01

0.62

1-4

཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ

1185

3.29

0.66

1-4

1173

3.33

0.64

1-4

⮬ᑛᚰ

1116

3.34

0.71

1-5

1188

3.34

0.72

1-5

↓Ẽຊឤ

1267

3.23

1.46

1-6

1255

3.33

1.49

1-6

㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸧

1231

2.50

0.97

1-4

1245

2.29

0.95

1-4

㸦ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸧

1231

3.36

0.76

1-4

1240

3.30

0.81

1-4

㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸧

1239

2.10

0.86

1-4

1243

1.99

0.82

1-4

㸦እⓗㄪᩚ㸧

1246

2.23

0.77

1-4

1251

2.21

0.76

1-4


࠙ಶேࠚ
ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥ
ࢺᶵ⬟

ឤ᝟▱ᛶ

⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ

࠙Ꮫ⣭ࠚ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ




41


32.12

 
3.98

285

- 285 -

24-39


40


33.23


4.42

25-40

⾲㸯㸦⥆ࡁ㸧 2019 ᖺᗘ㸦᫬Ⅼ 3㸧



N

M

SD

ࣞࣥࢪ

㸦ࡍࡈ࠸㸧

1235

3.09

0.90

1-4

㸦೧࠸㸧

1228

2.91

0.93

1-4

㸦ዲࡁ㸧

1229

2.93

1.00

1-4

㸦ᛧ࠸㸧

1236

2.09

0.97

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1237

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1229

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1231

2.40

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1226

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1227

3.15

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1235

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1212

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1236

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1216

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1229

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286

- 286 -

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287

- 287 -

㸰㸬஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศᯒ
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ඛ㏙ࡢศᯒࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせ࡟ἢࡗ࡚㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ
ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸱㹼⾲㸯㸮࡟♧ࡍࠋ࡞࠾㸪⾲㸱㹼⾲㸯㸮ࡢ⾲୰ࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ௨ୗ㸪⾲࡟♧ࡍ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ㸪୪ࡧ࡟ྛኚᩘࡢኚ㔞ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧ᅛᐃຠᯝ
ࡲࡎ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᛧ࠸ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .05㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ㸪ࠕዲࡁࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦࠸ࡎࢀࡶ p < .05㸧㸪ࠕឤㅰࠖࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟᭷ពഴྥࡢ㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .10㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸱㸧ࠋ ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ㸦p < .01㸧㸪ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖ㸦p < .05㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸲㸧ࠋ ḟ࡟㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖ㸦p < .05㸧㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ㸦p < .05㸧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓ
Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸳㸧ࠋ ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸴㸧ࠋ ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸵㸧ࠋ ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸦p < .01㸧ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ㸦⾲㸶㸧ࠋ ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸷㸧ࠋ Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸮㸧ࠋ㸦㸰㸧ኚ㔞ຠᯝ ⥆࠸࡚㸪ྛኚᩘࡢኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸦ಶேཬࡧᏛ⣭࡟ࡼࡿᚓⅬࡢศᩓ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪⾲㸱㹼⾲㸯㸮ୗẁ࡟♧ࡍ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ᮏ❶࡛ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࡎࢀࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭㛫ศᩓ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ಶே㛫ศᩓࡢ᪉ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᚓⅬኚື㸦Ꮫ⣭㛫ኚື㸸Ꮫ⣭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥࡀኚືࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ㸧ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ಶேࡈ࡜ࡢᚓⅬኚື㸦ಶே㛫ኚື㸸ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ᅇ⟅ഴྥࡀኚືࡍࡿ⛬ᗘ㸧ࡢ᪉ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦⾲㸱㸧ཬࡧᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟ࡢ࠺ࡕ≉࡟Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸦⾲㸲㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ẚ࡭┦ᑐⓗ࡟Ꮫ⣭㛫ศᩓࡢ್ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢኚᩘࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥࡀኚືࡍࡿ⛬ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸㸦Ꮫ⣭ẖ࡟㸪ఝࡓᅇ⟅ࢆ♧ࡋࡸࡍ࠸㸧࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋ288- 288 -

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- 290 -

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- 291 -

⾲㸶 ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ᥎ᐃ್㸸⮬ᑛᚰ
⮬ᑛᚰ
᥎ᐃ್

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SE

ᅛᐃຠᯝ

γ00㸸ษ∦

0.03

γ01㸸Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.01

**

0.00

γ02㸸ᛶู

-0.08

*

0.03

γ03㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.01

γ04㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧
ኚ㔞ຠᯝ

0.03

0.02

0.01

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0.02

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ȫi00㸸ಶே

0.29

ȫj00㸸Ꮫ⣭0.00

⾲㸷 ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ᥎ᐃ್㸸↓Ẽຊឤ
↓Ẽຊឤ
᥎ᐃ್

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SE

ᅛᐃຠᯝ

γ00㸸ษ∦

0.09

γ01㸸Ꮫ⣭つᶍ0.01

γ02㸸ᛶู

-0.14

γ03㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

0.05

γ04㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

-0.07

ኚ㔞ຠᯝ

0.06
0.01
*

0.07
0.06

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0.06

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ȫi00㸸ಶே

1.04

ȫj00㸸Ꮫ⣭0.04

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪SE ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛶูࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋࡓࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋ
ࡓࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ292

- 292 -

⾲㸯㸮 ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ᥎ᐃ್㸸⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ
ෆⓗㄪᩚ
᥎ᐃ್

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ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ



SE

᥎ᐃ್

SE

**

0.04

0.00

0.03

0.01

-0.01

0.00
0.04

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ᅛᐃຠᯝ

γ00㸸ษ∦

0.12

γ01㸸Ꮫ⣭つᶍ0.00

γ02㸸ᛶู

-0.01

γ03㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧
γ04㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧
ኚ㔞ຠᯝ

0.04

0.05

-0.14

**

0.03

-0.04

-0.20

**

0.03

-0.06

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ȫi00㸸ಶே

0.44

0.28

ȫj00㸸Ꮫ⣭

0.01

0.01

0.03
*

0.03

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⾲㸯㸮 㸦⥆ࡁ㸧ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ

እⓗㄪᩚ

᥎ᐃ್

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SE

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γ00㸸ษ∦

0.06

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0.03

0.04

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0.00

0.00

0.00

γ02㸸ᛶู

-0.02

γ03㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧
γ04㸸Ꮫᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

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SE

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ᅛᐃຠᯝ

ኚ㔞ຠᯝ

0.04

-0.07

-0.10

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0.03

-0.02

-0.15

**

0.03

-0.04

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ȫi00㸸ಶே

0.30

0.25

ȫj00㸸Ꮫ⣭

0.00

0.00

0.03
0.00
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0.03
0.03

†

0.03

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⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ಀᩘ㸪SE ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪࢆ♧ࡍࠋᛶูࡣ⏨Ꮚࢆ 0㸪ዪᏊࢆ 1 ࡜ࡋࡓࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘ㸪Ꮫᖺࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋ
ࡓࠋ** p < .01, * p < .05, † p < .10ࠋ293

- 293 -

㸲⠇ ⪃ᐹ㸯㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪 X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛ⏕ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ㄪᰝ㛤ጞ᫬࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢィ 3 ᅇ㸦3 ᖺ㛫㸧ࡢ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᵓ㐀ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣐ࣝ
ࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ศᯒ᫬࡟ኚᩘࡢᏛᰯෆ୰ᚰ໬ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪Ꮫᰯ㛫ኚືࡢຠᯝࢆ㝖እࡍࡿᙧ࡛᥎ᐃࢆ
⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪➨㸯㒊➨㸰❶㸱⠇࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢ OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜࠾࠾ࡴࡡྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྛኚᩘࡢኚ㔞ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྛᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ศᩓࡣಶே㛫ศᩓ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜࠸ࡎࢀࡶ
┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ಶே࡟ࡼࡿᅇ⟅ࡢኚືࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭࡟ࡼࡿᅇ⟅ࡢኚືࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣᑠࡉ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡢྛኚ
ᩘཬࡧᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸦࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㸪ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ศᩓࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᚓⅬࡢኚືࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡜㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᚋ࡟ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᅇ⟅ࢆኚືࡉࡏ࠺ࡿᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
௨ୗ㸪ྛኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ♧ࡉࢀࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸦㸯㸧ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺࡯࡝㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕࡍࡈ࠸ࠖ
ࠕ೧࠸ࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓᑛᩗ㛵㐃ឤ᝟㸦e.g. Ṋ⸨, 2016㸧࡟┦ᙜࡍࡿឤ᝟ࡸ㸪ࠕឤㅰࠖࡢឤ᝟㸦e.g. ⸨ཎ௚㸪2014㸧㸪ࠕዲࡁࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯
࡝㸪ඣ❺ࡀᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆᢪࡁࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕᛧ࠸ࠖឤ᝟ࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᢸ௵࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡢኚ㔞ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࡶ㸪௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ẚ࡭࡚Ꮫ⣭㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜࡟㸪ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥࡀኚືࡍࡿ
⛬ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢᢸ௵࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ㡯┠ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ㸪୍ேࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤ᝟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᅇ⟅ࢆồࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭༢఩࡛ࡢ
ᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢᚓⅬኚືࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡀ୍ேࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ホᐃࡍࡿᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀఀ⸨௚(2017)࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⫼ᚋ࡟㸪ᅇ⟅ࢆᕥྑࡍࡿᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡞せᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୍ࡘ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢඣ
❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡸാࡁ࠿ࡅࡢᙳ㡪ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡬ࡢ᭷ព࡞ᅛᐃຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬
ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆྵࡴᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅኚືࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

294- 294 -

㸦㸰㸧ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸦࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸧 Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸦࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪
OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖ㸪ࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ࡇࢀࡽࡢᣦᶆ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᢸ௵
ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋዲ࡞≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᢸ௵࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜㸦≉࡟Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡢᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜㸧ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜
ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜࡟ࡑࡢᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᅇ⟅ഴྥࡀኚືࡍࡿ⛬ᗘࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⾲ࡋ㸪⫼ᚋ࡟㸪ᅇ⟅ࢆᕥྑࡍࡿᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉࡀᏑᅾࡋ࠺ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
➨㸰❶࡛♧ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡢᣦᶆࡣࠕ
㸦ᢸ௵ࡢ㸧ඛ⏕ࡀぢᏲࡗ࡚ࡃࢀࡿ࡜㡹ᙇࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㡯┠⩌࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࢆᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞Ᏻ඲ᛶࢆឤࡌࡽࢀࡿᇶᆅ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡢᏛ⩦ࡸάື࡟Ᏻᚰឤࢆᣢࡗ࡚ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿឤぬࡢᙉࡉࢆ♧ࡍࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࡢᣦᶆ
ࡣ㸪ࠕᅔࡗࡓ࡜ࡁ࡟ࡣ㸦ᢸ௵ࡢ㸧ඛ⏕ࢆ㢗ࢀࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㡯┠⩌࠿ࡽ࡞ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ᅔࡾ஦
ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡾࡘࡽ࠸ᛮ࠸ࢆࡋࡓࡾ࡜ࡁ㸪࠸ࡊ࡜࡞ࢀࡤᢸ௵ᩍᖌࢆ㢗ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿ㸪࡜࠸࠺ឤぬࡢᙉࡉࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡢᣦᶆ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡀ୍ேࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤぬࢆᅇ⟅ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆ࡛ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭ࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢឤぬࢆᚓࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪≉࡟Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡈ࡜ࡢឤぬࡢ⛬ᗘࡢ㐪࠸ࡶࡑࢀ࡞ࡾ࡟࠶ࡿ
㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ඛ⏕ࢆ㢗ࢁ࠺࡜ࡍࡿឤぬࡢಶேᕪࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᏳ඲ᇶᆅࡣ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢᵝᏊࡸ㸪ᮏ⠇࡛ྲྀࡾୖࡆࡓᏛ⣭つᶍ࡞࡝Ꮫ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆẚ㍑ⓗཷࡅࡸࡍ࠸ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪ಶே㛫ኚື㸦ಶேࡈ࡜ࡢឤぬࡢᙉࡉࡢ㐪࠸㸧ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࠿ࡽ㸪ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡢ୧ኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸦㸱㸧ឤ᝟▱ᛶᏛ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽឤ᝟▱ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࠕ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࠖࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪OLS ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠿ࡽ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࡀᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡼࡾࡶ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆྵࡴᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉ࠿ࡽཷࡅࡿᙳ㡪ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ಶேᕪ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᪉ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑ
࠺ࡋࡓಶே㛫ኚືࡢᏑᅾࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࠖ㸪ࠕ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࠖ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ᭷ព࡞ຠᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ




295

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㸦㸲㸧ྥ♫఍ᛶᏛ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ඣ❺ࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥ࡟࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠿ࡽ㸪௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࡀᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡼࡾࡶ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓಶே㛫ኚືࡢᏑᅾࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭷ព࡞ຠᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᑠࡉࡉࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡢ㧗ࡉ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ຠᯝࢆ
ࡶࡘ࡜࠸࠺ᮏ❶ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪᪥ᮏࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲㸦ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸧࡜ࡶ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗ㡹೺࡞ഴྥ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸳㸧཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠿ࡽ㸪௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ
ᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࡀᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡼࡾࡶ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
➨㸰❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶグ㏙ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ❶࡛ㄪᰝࡋࡓ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪ࠕ㸦ࢡࣛࢫࡢ㸧
཭ࡔࡕ࡜୍⥴࡟࠸ࡿ࡜ᴦࡋ࠸ࠖ࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢࢡࣛࢫ࣓࢖ࢺ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᑜࡡࡿ㡯┠⩌࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඛ㏙ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘࡸ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆྵࡴᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓண᝿࡟཯ࡋ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡣ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ㸪ಶே㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪ྠࡌᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࢡࣛࢫෆࡢ
཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢㄆ㆑ࡣ㸪ᚲࡎࡋࡶྠࡌᏛ⣭ෆࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ㛫࡛ఝ㏻ࡗࡓࡶࡢ࡜ࡣ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ㄆ㆑ࡢಶேᕪࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋᮏ❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹ
ࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚື㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿㄆ㆑ࡢಶேᕪ㸧ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᅛᐃຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪OLS ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ㛫࡟㒊ศⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡀ㸪୍㒊⮬἞యཬࡧ୍㒊ㄪᰝᖺᗘ࡛ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡛㸪࠿ࡘ㛵㐃ࡢ⛬ᗘࡣᙅ࠸ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ࡜࠿
ࡽ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣᙅ࠸ཪࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿឤ᝟ࡸ㛵ಀᛶࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏛ⣭ࡈ࡜ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀ㧗࠸㸦ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁ࠸㸧࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪཭ே㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ྠࡌᏛ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢᚓⅬࡢ㢮ఝᗘࡀࡑ࠺㧗ࡃ࡞࠸㸦ᚓⅬࡢᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡀᑠࡉ࠸㸧ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪௒ᚋྠࢸ࣮࣐࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺㝿࡟␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࢡࣛࢫࡢ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢㄆ㆑ࡀ
ᚲࡎࡋࡶᏛ⣭༢఩୍࡛ព࡟Ỵࡲࡿᛶ㉁ࡢࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭඲యࡢ㞺ᅖẼ࡜ಶࠎࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ┦ᛶࡸ⤌ྜࡏ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡗࡓㄆ㆑ࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡞࡝ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢಶࠎࡢㄆ㆑ࡢᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢ㞟ィ್ࡀᚲࡎࡋ
ࡶ඲యࡢᵝᏊࢆ཯ᫎࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢⅬࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪౛࠼ࡤ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࡳࢆ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ࡜ࡍࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪ᩍᖌࡸ➨୕⪅࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭඲యࡢᵝᏊ࡞࡝㸪」ᩘࡢ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ࠿ࡽᚓࡓ᝟ሗ࡜⤌ࡳྜࢃࡏ࡚⤖ᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡼࡾ
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⢭⦓࡞᳨ドࡀ࠿࡞࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭඲యࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᵝᏊࢆᚑᒓኚ
ᩘ࡜ࡋࡓศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᮏሗ࿌᭩➨㸰㒊➨  ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࠋ
㸦㸴㸧⮬ᑛᚰ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡢᚓⅬࡀ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ኚ㔞ຠᯝࡢ᳨ウ࠿ࡽ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢᚓⅬ࡞࡝࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶᚓⅬࡢಶே㛫ኚືࡀᏛ⣭㛫ኚືࡼࡾࡶ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆྵࡴᏛ⣭༢఩ࡢせᅉ࠿ࡽཷࡅࡿᙳ㡪ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ಶேᕪ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࡢ᪉ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ኚᩘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓಶே㛫ኚືࡢᏑᅾࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᭷ព࡞ຠᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
㸦㸵㸧↓ẼຊឤᏛ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽ↓Ẽຊឤ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
OLS ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪୍㒊ࡢᖺᗘ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜↓Ẽຊឤࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡢࡣ୍㒊࠿ࡘᙅ࠸㛵㐃࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋᮏ❶ࡢศᯒࡢࡼ࠺࡟Ꮫᰯ㛫ኚືࢆ㝖እࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ࡣ㸪᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣᙅ࠸ཪࡣ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸦㸶㸧Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸧࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅛᐃຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪OLS ᥎ᐃࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸯㒊➨㸰❶㸱⠇ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶグ㏙ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑠᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ᪉ࡀඣ❺ࡢᤵᴗ࡬ࡢ࢚ࣥࢤ࣮ࢪ࣓ࣥࢺࡀ㧗࠸࡜ࡢ▱ぢ㸦e.g. Finn, etal., 2003㸧ࡀ࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢᐦ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡸ┦஫స⏝ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⩦⮬యࢆᴦࡋࢇࡔࡾ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡢ౯್ࢆぢ࠸ࡔࡋࡓࡾࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡘࡲࡾ㸪⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡀ㧗࠸≧ែ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢᑠᏛᰯࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㛵㐃ࡣ♧ࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᩍᖌࡢಙᛕࡸᣦᑟ᪉ἲ㸦ᤵᴗ୰ࡢኌ࠿ࡅࡢ௙᪉࡞࡝㸧ࢆ௓ࡋࡓຠᯝࡸ㸪Ⓨ㐩ẁ㝵ࡢᙳ㡪࡞࡝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᳨ウ࡞࡝㸪௚ࡢせᅉࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞▱ぢࡢ⵳✚ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ᮏ❶ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ㄢ㢟௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃ࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽᑠᏛᰯ
6 ᖺ⏕࡟࠿ࡅ࡚ࡢ 3 ᫬Ⅼࡢ⦪᩿ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪஺ᕪศ㢮ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫᰯ㛫ኚືࢆ㝖እࡋᏛᰯࡢせᅉࡢ஺⤡ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚ࡶ࡞࠾㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸Ꮫ⣭࡟ᡤᒓࡍࡿඣ❺297- 297 -

࡯࡝㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ࣭⾲ฟ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⮬ᕫホ౯ࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ
࠺ࡋࡓഴྥࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃཬࡧඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜ࡶ୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪ඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪཭ே㛵ಀ㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃཬࡧඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽᏛ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ❶ࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ㄪᰝࡢタィୖ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠᏛᰯ࡜ྠᵝࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡓ
ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪௚ࡢ⮬἞య࣭ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡶྠᵝࡢഴྥࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウࡣ༑ศ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨᪉ἲࡸ㸪ྛᏛ⣭ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ≧ἣ࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࠺ࡿ௚ࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ⪃៖࡛ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௚ࡢせᅉࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟㸪ࡼࡾ⢭⦓࡞▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡢࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚࡟ᮇᚅࡋࡓ
࠸ࠋ฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧ᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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children. Science, 312, 1900-1902.
ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ (2017). Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ㸸⮬↛ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋
ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 65(4), 451-465.
https://doi.org/10.5926/jjep.65.451
ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ (2017). ᖹᡂ 27 ᖺᗘࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ◊✲ሗ࿌᭩㸸㠀ㄆ▱ⓗ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ㸧⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡜⛉Ꮫⓗ᳨ウᡭἲ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ◊✲࡟㛵ࡍࡿሗ࿌᭩.
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mixed-effects model perspective. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning,
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ᑠ㔝⏣ு௓࣭㕥ᮌ㞞அ (2017). ࢔࣮ࢠ࣓ࣗࣥࢺᵓ㐀ࡀㄝᚓຊホ౯࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪㸸ㄽ㢟࡜ホ౯᪉ἲ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 65(4), 433-450.
Raudenbush, S. W ., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications anddata analysis methods (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
ὀ1 ௚࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ X ┴ A ᕷࡢ୰Ꮫᰯࡣ㸪ㄪᰝタィୖ㸪୰Ꮫᰯ 1࣭2 ᖺ⏕ࡢࡳࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪2 ᫬Ⅼศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡋ࠿ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪᪂ᆺࢥࣟࢼ࢘࢖ࣝࢫឤᰁ⑕ࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡼࡾணᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ➨୕ḟㄪᰝࡢᐇ᪋ࡀ୰Ṇ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࣭୰Ꮫᰯ࡜ࡶ࡟ 2 ᫬Ⅼศࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳࡋ࠿ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ྠࡌᏛᰯ✀㸦ᑠᏛᰯ㸧ࡢ୰࡛ 3 ᫬Ⅼศࡢ⦪᩿ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࡳࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓࠋ

299- 299 -

➨㸷❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪̿₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒ㸯⠇ ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆၥ࠺ୖ࡛㸪᫬㛫ⓗ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣⓎ㐩ⓗ࡞どⅬࢆྵࡵ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ㸪
࠶ࡿ᫬ⅬࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᩘᖺᚋࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿ࢆ┿࡟㆟ㄽࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᥦゝ࡟ྥࡅ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵ಀࢆ㆟ㄽࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㸪ᶓ᩿ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛ࡣ㸪ཧ↷ࡍࡿ࢚ࣅࢹࣥࢫ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣᙅ࠸࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ᮏ㑥࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸦ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕㹼୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᩘᑡ࡞࠸ඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື㸪཭ேࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪኱ேࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟ᑐࡋ
࡚㈇ࡢຠᯝ㸪ࡲࡓᢚ࠺ࡘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢຠᯝࡀ࠶ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ఀ⸨௚㸪2017㸧ࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ࡸࡣࡾ▱ぢࡀ㝈ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪7 ᖺ⏕㹼12 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓᾏእࡢ⦪᩿◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ┤᥋ⓗ࡟⏕ᚐࡀ⮬ᕫホᐃࡋࡓࠕᏛᰯ࡜ࡢࡘ࡞ࡀࡾឤࠖ࡜㛵㐃ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦McNeely et al., 2002㸧ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ㸪࡝ࡢኚᩘࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿㸪୍㈏ࡋࡓ▱ぢࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ
ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡢ⫼ᬒ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆㄪ࡭ࡓ▱ぢࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ᅜෆእ࡟࠾࠸࡚࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ㝈⏺Ⅼ㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᥈⣴ⓗ࡟ㄪ࡭㸪᪂ࡓ࡞▱ぢ
ࢆ㏣ຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ㸰⠇ ᪉ἲ ศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺ㹼2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺ࡟཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡗࡓඣ❺ 1,406 ྡࡢ 3 ࠿ᖺ⦪᩿ࢹ࣮
ࢱ㸦⏨Ꮚ 759 ྡ㸪ዪᏊ 613 ྡ㸪୙᫂ 34 ྡ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓኚᩘࡣ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦እྥᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸧ࢆ㝖ࡃ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸦ࡍࡈ࠸㸪೧࠸㸪ዲࡁ㸪ᛧ࠸㸪ឤㅰ㸧㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧㸪⮬ᑛᚰ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ௨ୗࡢᅗ㸯ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆศᯒࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏝࠸ࡓ₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢኚᩘࡈ࡜࡟ศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋษ∦ࡣ㸪
2017 ᖺ᫬Ⅼࡢᙜヱࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᚓⅬࢆ⾲ࡍࠋഴࡁࡣ㸪1 ᖺ⤒ࡿࡈ࡜࡟ᙜヱࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀᖹᆒⓗ࡟ఱⅬኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿ࠿ࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢศᯒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୺║ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢษ∦࡜ഴࡁࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋᛶูࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡞⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ศ
ᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹࣝࡀࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ᙜ࡚ࡣࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࢆホ౯ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᣦᶆ࡜
ࡋ࡚㸪Comparative Fit Index㸦௨ୗ㸪CFI㸧㸪Root Mean Square Error of Approximation
㸦௨ୗ㸪RMSEA㸧
㸪Standardized Root Mean Square Residuals㸦௨ୗ㸪SRMR㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋ
300- 300 -

CFI ࡣ.90 ௨ୖ㸪RMSEA ࡜ SRMR ࡣ.08 ௨ୗ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ㐺ྜࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ุ᩿ࡋࡓࠋᅗ㸯 ᮏ◊✲࡛⏝࠸ࡓ₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹࣝᏛ⣭つᶍ㻞 㻜㻝 㻣ᖺᛶู㻞 㻜㻝 㻣ᖺ

ษ∦

ㄗᕪ

ഴ䛝
㻝

㻝

㻜
㻝

㻝

ㄗᕪ
㻞

㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ
㻞 㻜㻝 㻣ᖺ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㻞㻜 㻝㻤 ᖺ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㻞㻜 㻝㻥 ᖺ

ㄗᕪ

ㄗᕪ

ㄗᕪ

㸱⠇ ⤖ᯝ ₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆศᯒࡋࡓ⤖ᯝ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡟ᛶูࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓୖ࡛ࡶ㸪ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟㸦೧࠸㸧㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࡢⓎ㐩࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࠸ࡎࢀࡢࣔࢹࣝࡶࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡢ㐺ྜᗘࡣⰋዲ࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓ㸦CFI >.90, RMSEA <.08, SRMR <.08㸧ࠋඛ࡟⤖ᯝࡢ඲యീࢆㄽࡌࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓୖグࡢྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸᪉ྥ࡟Ⓨ㐩ⓗ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࡢヲ⣽ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕ೧࠸ࠖឤ᝟ࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ
㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 3 ᖺ㛫࡟ࢃࡓࡿࠕ೧࠸ࠖឤ᝟ࡢኚ໬ࡣࡳࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕ೧࠸ࠖឤ᝟ࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡣ 0.49 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢ⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸰㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࡣ 0.35 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ
301- 301 - Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸰㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࡣ 0.33 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸱㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡣ 0.53 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸱㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟ྥ♫఍ᛶࡣ 0.41 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸲㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡣ 0.41 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢෆⓗㄪᩚࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸲㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟ෆⓗㄪᩚࡣ 0.29 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢෆⓗㄪᩚࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾࡢྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࡢቑຍ㔞ࡀᑠࡉ࠿ࡗࡓ㸦⾲㸳㸧ࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ࡣ 1 ᖺࡈ࡜࡟ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࡣ 0.32 Ⅼቑຍࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேቑ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪1 ᖺᙜࡓࡾࡢྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࡢቑศࡀ 0.01 Ⅼ࡯࡝ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ
ࡇ࡜ࡀᮇᚅࡉࢀࡓࠋ⾲㸯 ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟㸦೧࠸㸧࡜⮬ᑛឤ᝟ࡢ᥎ᐃ್
ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟㸦೧࠸㸧
ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ

p್

᥎ᐃ್

⮬ᑛឤ᝟
᥎ᐃ್

p್

ษ∦㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

3.31

<.001

3.16

<.001

ഴࡁ㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

0.24

.100

0.49

<.001

ษ∦ࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.34

<.001

0.30

<.001

ഴࡁࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.07

.004

0.08

<.001

ษ∦࡜ഴࡁࡢඹศᩓ

-0.05

.068

-0.06

<.001

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍษ∦㸦b㸧

-0.02

.023

0.01

.232

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

.033

-0.01

.001

ᛶูЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.12

.001

-0.03

.467

ᛶูЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

.883

-0.05

.039

302

- 302 -

⾲㸰 ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ࡜௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱ࡢ᥎ᐃ್⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ
ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱

p್

᥎ᐃ್

᥎ᐃ್

p್

ษ∦㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

2.54

<.001

2.35

<.001

ഴࡁ㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

0.35

<.001

0.33

<.001

ษ∦ࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.34

<.001

0.28

<.001

ഴࡁࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.06

<.001

0.05

<.001

ษ∦࡜ഴࡁࡢඹศᩓ

-0.07

<.001

-0.05

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Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.01

.078

0.01

.127

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

.004

-0.01

.008

ᛶูЍษ∦㸦b㸧

-0.09

.033

0.26

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ᛶูЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

.678

-0.02

.341

⾲㸱 ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧࡜ྥ♫఍ᛶࡢ᥎ᐃ್
⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧
ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ

ྥ♫఍ᛶ

p್

᥎ᐃ್

᥎ᐃ್

p್

ษ∦㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

2.27

<.001

2.54

<.001

ഴࡁ㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

0.53

<.001

0.41

<.001

ษ∦ࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.51

<.001

0.24

<.001

ഴࡁࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.08

<.001

0.05

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ษ∦࡜ഴࡁࡢඹศᩓ

-0.09

<.001

-0.04

<.001

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.02

.007

0.00

.482

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

<.001

-0.01

<.001

ᛶูЍษ∦㸦b㸧

-0.07

.122

0.20

<.001

ᛶูЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.02

.512

-0.02

.306

303

- 303 -

⾲㸲 ཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡜ෆⓗㄪᩚࡢ᥎ᐃ್
཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ
ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ

ෆⓗㄪᩚ

p್

᥎ᐃ್

᥎ᐃ್

p್

ษ∦㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

2.96

<.001

2.17

<.001

ഴࡁ㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

0.41

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0.29

.028

ษ∦ࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.28

<.001

0.62

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ഴࡁࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.05

<.001

0.10

<.001

ษ∦࡜ഴࡁࡢඹศᩓ

-0.05

<.001

-0.11

<.001

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.01

.303

0.01

.290

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

.003

-0.01

.004

ᛶูЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.10

.011

0.03

.536

ᛶูЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.06

.009

-0.04

.227

⾲㸳 ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚࡢ᥎ᐃ್
ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ
ࣃ࣓࣮ࣛࢱ

᥎ᐃ್

p್

ษ∦㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

2.97

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ഴࡁ㸦ᅛᐃຠᯝ㸧

0.32

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ษ∦ࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.40

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ഴࡁࡢศᩓ㸦ኚ㔞ຠᯝ㸧

0.10

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ษ∦࡜ഴࡁࡢඹศᩓ

-0.09

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Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.01

.424

Ꮫ⣭つᶍЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.01

.022

ᛶูЍษ∦㸦b㸧

0.15

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ᛶูЍഴࡁ㸦b㸧

-0.07

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㸲⠇ ⪃ᐹ
ᮏㄪᰝࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᣦᶆࢆᗈ⠊ᅖ࡟ ᐃࡋ㸪ࡑࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᐇドⓗドᣐࢆሗ࿌ࡋࡓ㸪ᅜෆእ࡛ࡶึࡵ࡚ࡢྲྀ⤌ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ẚ㍑ⓗከࡃࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྛኚᩘ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ
࠿࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿ࡯࡝㸪୍⯡ⓗ࡟ᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜ࡉࢀࡿ᪉ྥࡢ
㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ⓗኚ໬ࢆᑠࡉࡃࡉࡏࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛⦪᩿ⓗ࡞ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡜ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸦ఀ⸨࡯࠿㸪2017㸧㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ ࡓࡔࡋ㸪௒ᅇ♧ࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ࡼࡿྰᐃⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ㸪㐣኱ホ౯࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㐣ᑠホ304- 304 -

౯ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣៅ㔜࡟࡞ࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢኚᩘࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ 1 ேከ࠸ሙྜ࡟㸪1 ᖺ㛫ᙜࡓࡾ࡟ࡑࡢቑศࡀᖹᆒⓗ࡟
0.01 Ⅼᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡣỴࡋ࡚኱ࡁࡃ࡞࠸࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ࠿ࡽ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠺୍Ⅼὀពࡋࡓ࠸Ⅼࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ㄽࡌࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ㣬ࡃࡲ࡛ࠕᖹ
ᆒⓗ࡞ࠖ㛵㐃࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟㸦࠼ࡽ࠸㸧௨እࡣ㸪ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᮃࡲࡋ࠸᪉ྥ࡟Ⓨ㐩ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡟ࡳࡿ࡜ࡑࡢኚ໬࡟ࡣಶேᕪࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪኱ࡁࡃⰋ࠸᪉ྥ࡟ኚ໬ࡍࡿඣ❺ࡶ࠸ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ㏫ࡢඣ❺ࡶ࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶಶேᕪࢆ᝿ᐃࡍࡿࡢࡀ⮬↛࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪࠶ࡿඣ❺ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀቑ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ
ࡗ࡚㸪኱ࡁࡃᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ูࡢඣ❺ࡣࡴࡋࢁࣉࣛࢫࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡓࡾ㸪ᙳ㡪⮬యࢆవࡾཷࡅ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿ㸪࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᝿ᐃ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ࡞ࡐ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᖹᆒⓗ࡟ᮃࡲࡋࡃ࡞࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡓࡢࡔࢁ࠺࠿㸽ᮏㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡔࡅ࡛ࡣࡑࡢ┤᥋ⓗ࡞⫼ᬒࢆ≉ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸
ࡀ㸪ࡇࡢၥ࠸࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴࡓࡵ࡟ࡶ㸪Ⓨ㐩ⓗ࡞ኚ໬ࢆどᗙ࡟ྵࡵࡓᏛ⣭つᶍ◊✲ࡢ⵳✚ࡀ௒ᚋᮇᚅࡉࢀࡿࠋ▱ぢࡢ⵳✚ࡀ࡯ࡰ࡞࠸⌧≧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏ❶ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡣࡑࡢ➨୍Ṍ࡜࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧ஂಖ⏣ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩ఀ⸨኱ᖾ࣭὾⏣ᜨ࣭ᮧᒣᜤᮁ࣭㧘ᰗఙဢ࣭㔝ᮧ࿴௦࣭᫂⩲ගᐅ࣭㎷஭ṇḟ (2017). ࢡࣛࢫࢧ࢖ࢬ࡜Ꮫᴗᡂ⦼࠾ࡼࡧ᝟⥴ⓗ࣭⾜ືⓗၥ㢟ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ―⮬↛ᐇ㦂ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡜࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋
ࣝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ド― ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 65(4), 451-465.
McNeely, C. A., Nonnemaker, J. M., & Blum, R. W. (2002). Promoting school
connectedness: Evidence from the national longitudinal study of adolescent health.
Journal of School Health, 72(4), 138-146.




305

- 305 -➨  ❶ Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ㛵㐃㸯⠇ ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦♫఍᝟⥴ⓗࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ㸧࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿኚᩘ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺
࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺ၥ㢟࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴୖ࡛ᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ウࡣḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸ࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⬟ຊࡸᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿ
ᩍᖌࡢಙᛕࡸᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែ㸪㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡢ㐪࠸࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿ㸦ヲࡋࡃࡣ㸪➨㸰❶㸰⠇ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸㸧ࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢຠᯝࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠࡀࡑࡢᏛ⣭ࢆཷࡅᣢࡘᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡋ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺
Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚♧၀ࢆᚓࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㐪࠸ࡀ㸪ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡢ࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᩍᖌࡀᤵᴗ୰࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୍ே୍ேࡢᵝᏊࢆࡼࡃぢ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿㸪ࡲࡓ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢẼᣢࡕ࡟ᐤࡾῧࡗࡓാࡁ࠿ࡅࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸ࡗ
ࡓ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ⛬ᗘ㸦e.g., Patrick, Kaplan, & Ryan, 2011㸧ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᚰ⌮ⓗ࡞Ᏻᚰឤࢆᣢࡕ࡞ࡀࡽᩍᐊ࡛㐣ࡈࡋ㸪Ꮫ⩦ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃୖ࡛㔜せ࡞せᅉ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪୍ே୍ேࡢᵝᏊࢆ༑ศ࡟Ẽ࡟࠿ࡅࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ᩍᖌࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜㸯ᑐ㸯ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆᵓ⠏ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡾࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭඲యࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆⰋዲ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ຊࢆධࢀࡿ࡞࡝㸪ᩍᖌഃࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ពᅗⓗ࡟㛵ಀᛶ࡙ࡃࡾࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡢຊⅬࢆኚ࠼࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦ሙ㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺యࡢᏛࡧࡢ㔜せᛶࡀࡋࡤࡋࡤᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᩍᖌ
ࡢጼໃࡀ⮬ᚊⓗ࡞Ꮫ⩦⪅ࢆ⫱ࡴാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶຠᯝⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g.,
Reeve, Jang, Carrell, Jeon, & Barch, 2004㸧ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆ୺య࡜ࡋࡓᤵᴗࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ᩍᖌ୺ᑟⓗ࡞ᤵᴗࡢ㐍ࡵ᪉ࢆ࡜ࡽࡊ
ࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ሙ㠃ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡞࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉ࡔࡅ࡛࡞
ࡃᏛ⩦ሙ㠃࡛ࡢᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᙳ㡪ຊࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ຍ࠼࡚㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭඲యࡢ㢼ᅵࡀ࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞≧ែ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿㸪࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ࡜ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢᚰ⌮♫఍ⓗ࣭ಶูⓗᛶ㉁ࢆព࿡ࡋ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᴗࡸⓎ㐩࡞࡝ࡢከᵝ࡞ഃ㠃࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦e.g., ఀ⸨࣭Ᏹబ⨾, 2017㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࠸ࡌࡵ
ࡸ୙Ⓩᰯ࡞࡝Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᵝࠎ࡞ၥ㢟ࢆண㜵ࡍࡿ᪉ἲࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᏛᰯࡸᏛ⣭࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⫯ᐃⓗ࡞㢼ᅵࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ㔜せᛶࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ┦ᑐⓗ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᩍᖌࡢ┠ࡀᒆࡁࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡺ࠼Ⰻዲ࡞Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ┦ᑐⓗ࡞ᑠࡉࡉࡀⰋዲ࡞Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵࡢᙧᡂ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ⰻ࠸
ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែ㸪≉࡟࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡞࡝࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡢⰋዲࡉ࡟
ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᢸᙜࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡶ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌ⮬㌟
ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢྥୖࡸ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡢၥ㢟ࡣ㸪ᴟࡵ࡚㔜せ࡞ᨻ⟇ㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪ປാ᫬㛫ࡸᴗົ㔞࡞࡝㸪≀⌮࣭⎔ቃ㠃࡛ࡢປാ㔞ࡢ㐣ᑠࡢၥ㢟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ㆟ㄽ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡢാࡁࡸࡍࡉࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿୖ࡛୙ྍḞ࡞ㄽⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ306- 306 - ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍᖌ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡞ㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࢀ࡟ࡶ࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ᮏ㑥࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃㸪≉࡟㸪ᩍᖌࡢಙᛕࡸ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪┤᥋ⓗ࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠺ࡿᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪ᅜእࡢㄪᰝ◊✲ࡢ୰࡟ࡣ㸪ᑡேᩘᏛ⣭ࡣᩍᖌࡢࣔ
ࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿ(Laitsch et al., 2021) ࡞࡝㸪ᢸᙜᩍᖌࡢᚰ⌮≧ែ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⫯ᐃⓗᙳ㡪ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍ◊✲ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲ࡢ୰᳨࡛ウࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᩍᖌࡢኚᩘࡣ
㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ࡼࡾᗈ⠊࡞ኚᩘ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠ࡟᥃࠿ࡿ㈝⏝࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣓ࣜࢵࢺࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡜୺ᙇࡍࡿ◊✲⪅ࡶ࠸ࡿ(Nandrup, 2016)ࠋᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ᪥ᮏᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㆟ㄽ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ጇᙜ࡞⤖ㄽ࡟⮳ࡿࡔࡅࡢ༑ศ࡞ᐇドⓗ▱ぢࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࠋᨻ⟇࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㐺ษ࡞ホ౯ࢆ⾜࠺ࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ከᵝ࡞ほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡲࡓ」ᩘࡢ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ࠿ࡽ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡓୖ࡛㸪ᐇドⓗ▱ぢ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ㆟ㄽࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᮏ㑥࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌഃࡢせᅉࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ┤᥋ⓗ࡟♧ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢⅬ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ࡞▱ぢࢆ⵳✚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ௒ᚋࡢ㆟ㄽࢆ῝ࡵࡿୖ࡛኱ࡁ࡞ព⩏ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡇࢀࡽࡢⅬࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ⦪᩿ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢせᅉ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㸪ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ㸰⠇ ᪉ἲ
㸯㸬ศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ X ┴ A ᕷཬࡧ Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᮏ⮬἞యࡢබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡛໅ົࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᩍᖌࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ
࡚ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ 2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࡜ 2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘ㸪2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋY ┴ F ᕷ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺᗘ࡜ 2018㸦ᖹᡂ 30㸧ᖺᗘ࡟࠾࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ୍ࡘࡢㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ㄪᰝ࡟ཧຍࡋࡓᩍᖌࡣ 670 ྡ࡛㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 468ྡ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡢኚᩘ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ 1 ᫬Ⅼ௨ୖࡢᅇ⟅ࡀᚓࡽࢀࡓᩍᖌࡢ
ᅇ⟅ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡋࡓࠋ
㸰㸬ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡢኚᩘ
ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓኚᩘࡣ㸪ᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᩍᖌホᐃ࡟ࡼࡿձඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ(ὀ 1)㸪
ղᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸦ඣ❺୺య㸪ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧㸪ճᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸦ឤ᝟㸪Ꮫᴗ㸧㸪ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢմᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ㸦Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴㸪⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤ㸪つᚊṇࡋࡉ㸧㸪յឤ᝟㢼ᅵ(ὀ 2)㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧㸪նᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢྛᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ศᯒ᫬ࡢ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Big Five307

- 307 -

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦እྥᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸧㸪ᩍᖌࡢ໅⥆ᖺᩘ㸪ᢸᙜᏛᖺࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ
࡞࠾㸪ྛᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢヲ⣽ࡣ➨㸯㒊➨㸰❶㸰⠇ࢆཧ↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋ

㸱⠇ ⤖ᯝ
㸯㸬グ㏙⤫ィ㔞 X ┴ A ᕷࡢྛᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢኚᩘཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⾲㸯࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋY ┴F ᕷࡢྛᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢኚᩘཬࡧᏛ⣭つᶍࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞ࢆ⾲㸰࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ

308- 308 -

⾲㸯. ྛᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧2017 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ2018 ᖺᗘ

ᶆ‽೫
ᕪ

ᖹᆒ್

2019 ᖺᗘ

ᶆ‽೫
ᕪ

ᖹᆒ್

ᶆ‽೫
ᕪ

4.52

1.03

4.59

0.98

4.52

0.86

㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸧

4.97

0.64

5.05

0.64

5.13

0.59

㸦ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧

4.21

0.86

4.12

0.68

4.11

0.83

㸦ឤ᝟㸧

3.15

0.38

3.11

0.41

3.17

0.44

㸦Ꮫᴗ㸧

3.00

0.48

3.05

0.49

3.09

0.48

㸦Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸧

3.61

0.66

3.65

0.67

3.74

0.64

㸦Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴㸧

2.60

0.71

2.59

0.64

2.60

0.81

㸦⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸧

3.78

0.59

3.63

0.68

3.78

0.69

㸦Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸧

3.54

0.70

3.58

0.77

3.57

0.79

㸦Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤ㸧

3.92

0.55

3.91

0.58

3.95

0.59

㸦つᚊṇࡋࡉ㸧

3.81

0.68

3.77

0.73

3.83

0.71

㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧

4.38

0.53

4.32

0.61

4.33

0.56

㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧

2.68

0.63

2.66

0.62

2.76

0.60

࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ

3.67

1.10

3.60

1.18

3.73

1.20

㸦እྥᛶ㸧

4.71

1.32

4.69

1.27

4.79

1.33

㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.94

1.08

4.91

1.03

4.94

1.05

㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.56

1.35

3.68

1.34

3.66

1.36

㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

3.89

1.34

3.82

1.29

3.84

1.32

㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.16

1.27

4.10

1.18

4.25

1.18

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

7.13

7.81

8.11

7.58

9.40

8.10

ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ

32.00

4.40

32.80

4.20

32.82

4.47

ᣦᑟ᪉㔪

ඣ❺࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ

Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ

ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕

309- 309 -

⾲㸰. ྛᖺᗘ࡟࠾ࡅࡿྛኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧2017 ᖺᗘ

2018 ᖺᗘ

ᖹᆒ್

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

ᖹᆒ್

ᶆ‽೫ᕪ

4.55

0.83

4.56

0.77

㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸧

5.09

0.51

5.08

0.55

㸦ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧

4.34

0.79

4.23

0.70

㸦ឤ᝟㸧

3.11

0.36

3.14

0.39

㸦Ꮫᴗ㸧

3.02

0.44

3.10

0.41

㸦Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸧

3.63

0.64

3.57

0.66

㸦Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴㸧

2.47

0.70

2.64

0.67

㸦⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸧

3.80

0.55

3.66

0.54

㸦Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸧

3.52

0.76

3.42

0.75

㸦Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤ㸧

4.00

0.51

3.93

0.54

㸦つᚊṇࡋࡉ㸧

3.87

0.58

3.80

0.54

㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧

4.31

0.53

4.24

0.54

㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧

2.59

0.64

2.53

0.54

࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ

3.79

1.10

3.82

1.03

㸦እྥᛶ㸧

5.06

1.25

4.86

1.31

㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

4.84

1.13

4.87

1.08

㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

3.65

1.24

3.58

1.10

㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

3.80

1.19

3.81

1.31

㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

4.09

1.21

4.08

1.24

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

10.23

8.24

11.80

8.90

ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ

33.62

3.51

33.67

3.61

ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾᣦᑟ᪉㔪ඣ❺࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ

Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ

ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕



310- 310 -

㸰㸬ᩍᖌࡢኚᩘ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘ ᩍᖌഃࡢኚᩘ࡜Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᩍᖌࡢኚᩘ࡜ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࢆ⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦㛵ಀᩘ⾲ࢆ⾲㸱࡟㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ┦㛵ಀᩘ⾲ࢆ⾲㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᏛᴗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ(r = -.15, p< .05)㸪Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵࡢ࠺ࡕᏛ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ (r = -.17, p < .05)ཬࡧつᚊṇࡋࡉ(r = -.21, p < .01)㸪
ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ(r = -.14, p < .05) ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢᚓⅬࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵࡢ࠺ࡕᏛ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴(r = .16, p < .05)ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡘࡲ
ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴ࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸࡜࠸࠺㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢኚᩘࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (ps > .05)ࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ኚᩘࢆ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅ࠺ࡓࡵ㸪ཧ⪃್࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ࠺ࡕ༠ㄪᛶ(r = -.20, p< .05)࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡑࡢ௚ࡢኚᩘࡢ┦㛵ಀᩘࡣ᭷ព࡛ࡣ
࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (ps > .05)ࠋ

311- 311 -

⾲㸱. ᩍᖌࡢኚᩘ࡜ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ┦㛵㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧┦㛵ಀᩘ(r)p್

.06ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ
ᣦᑟ᪉㔪

.04

㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸧-.05

㸦ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧
ඣ❺࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ

-.11

㸦ឤ᝟㸧

-.15

㸦Ꮫᴗ㸧
Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ

p < .05-.10㸦Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸧㸦Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴㸧.16㸦⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸧

-.12㸦Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸧-.17㸦Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤ㸧-.09㸦つᚊṇࡋࡉ㸧

-.21

ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ

p < .05

p < .05

p < .01-.04

㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧-.06࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ

-.14ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕

.06

㸦እྥᛶ㸧
㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

-.07

㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

-.02

㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-.03

㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

.07

312

- 312 -

p < .05⾲㸲. ᩍᖌࡢኚᩘ࡜ᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ┦㛵㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧┦㛵ಀᩘ(r)p್

-.11ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ
ᣦᑟ᪉㔪

.09

㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸧-.13㸦ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧
ඣ❺࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ

-.10

㸦ឤ᝟㸧

-.03

㸦Ꮫᴗ㸧
Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ

-.02

㸦Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸧㸦Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴㸧.07

㸦⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸧

-.08㸦Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸧.06

㸦Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤ㸧-.02㸦つᚊṇࡋࡉ㸧

.03

ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ

-.08

㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧-.02࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ

-.16ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕

-.05

㸦እྥᛶ㸧
㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

-.20

㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

-.06

㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

.05

㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

-.15

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

.08

313

- 313 -

p < .05㸱㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍᖌࡢኚᩘ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝ Ꮫ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀᩍᖌഃࡢኚᩘ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ
ྛ✀ࡢᩍᖌഃࡢྛኚᩘࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪໅⥆ᖺᩘ㸪ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ஬ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ⤫ไኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ྠ᫬࡟ࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ
㸦㸯㸧X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸳࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸳. ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

᥎ᐃ್

ษ∦

3.38

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

0.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

0.43

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

0.20

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.00ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.02ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.01ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.02ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

0.05ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.05

***

*

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ314

- 314 -

 X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸴࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸧ཬࡧᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸦ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸴. ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್

ᅇᖐಀᩘ

ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య

ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ

ษ∦

3.99

3.02

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

0.00

-0.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

0.00

-0.21

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.07

-0.06

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.01

*

0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.10

**

0.02

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.02

0.13

*

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.00

0.12

**

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

0.02

0.06

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.05

-0.02

***

***

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ315

- 315 -

ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸦ឤ᝟࣭Ꮫᴗ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸵࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᏛᴗ࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡀ᭷ព࡟㈇࡛࠶ࡗ
ࡓ୍᪉࡛㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢឤ᝟࡟㛵ࡍࡿࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡓࠋ
⾲㸵. ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್

ᅇᖐಀᩘ

Ꮫᴗ

ឤ᝟

ษ∦

2.66

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

2.54

***

-0.01

-0.02

*

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

0.02

0.00

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.06

-0.04

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.00

0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.03

0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.09

**

0.06

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.04

*

0.12

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-0.04ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.05

***

***

-0.03
*

0.07

**

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ316

- 316 -

 X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭㢼ᅵࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸶ཬࡧ⾲㸷࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᏛ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡟ṇ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶཬࡧつᚊṇࡋࡉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡟㈇࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ㛵୚㸪⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸪Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊ឤ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸶. Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ
㛵୚Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴

⮬ᕫ㛤♧

2.79

***

3.28

***

*

-0.02

*

ษ∦

3.11

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.02

0.02

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.18

0.04

-0.21

*

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.17

-0.04

-0.25

*

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

-0.01

0.00

-0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.08

-0.02

0.03

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.05

-0.12

*

0.10

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.04

-0.08

*

0.03

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-0.02

0.06

-0.05

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.11

-0.03

0.15

***

*

**

*

***

⾲㸷. Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧㸦⥆ࡁ㸧
᥎ᐃ್
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥ

Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊

ᛶ

ឤ

ษ∦

3.67

***

3.30

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.03

*

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

つᚊṇࡋࡉ
4.11

***

-0.01

-0.03

**

0.07

-0.08

-0.06

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

0.16

-0.21

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

-0.01

0.00

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

-0.02

0.07

*

-0.03

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.06

0.09

*

0.02

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.10ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

***

*

-0.05
0.00

0.04

0.14

-0.08

-0.04

-0.02

0.09

0.09

**

*

***

0.05

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ317

- 317 - Ꮫ⣭ࡢឤ᝟㢼ᅵ㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸮࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈឤ᝟ࡢ୧᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸮. ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್

ᅇᖐಀᩘ

࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ

ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ

ษ∦

4.24

3.40

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.22

*

-0.26

**

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.32

***

-0.32

**

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.00ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.09ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.00

-0.10

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

-0.02

-0.04

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-0.04

-0.02

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.09

***

***

-0.01

0.00
**

**

0.05
*

0.06

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ318

- 318 -

 X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸯࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡟㈇࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸯.࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦X ┴ A ᕷ㸧
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

᥎ᐃ್

ษ∦

3.94

***

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.04

**

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.02

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.11

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

-0.02ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.32ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.12ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.06ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧-0.31ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.06

***

***

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ319

- 319 -㸦㸰㸧Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸰࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸰.ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

᥎ᐃ್

ษ∦

6.66

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.04

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.38

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.05

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.00ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.01ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧-0.11ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧-0.01ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-0.08ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.00

***

*

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ320

- 320 -

 Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸱࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య㸧ཬࡧᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸦ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ㸧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸱.ᩍᖌࡢᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್

ᅇᖐಀᩘ

ඣ❺⏕ᚐ୺య

ᩍᖌ୺ᑟ

ษ∦

3.37

5.37

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

0.02

-0.03

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

0.00

-0.30

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.02

-0.30

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.02ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.04

-0.05

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.05

0.00

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

-0.02

0.06

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

0.07

0.02

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.09

0.01

***

**

***

-0.01

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ321

- 321 -

 Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸦ឤ᝟࣭Ꮫᴗ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸲࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᏛᴗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡜㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ
୧᪉࡟㛵ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸲. ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್

ᅇᖐಀᩘ

Ꮫᴗ

ឤ᝟

ษ∦

3.62

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.01

-0.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

0.00

-0.05

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.19

-0.04

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.01

0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.09ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.02

-0.09

*

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.01

0.11

**

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

0.03

-0.04

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.07

0.07

***

*

3.36

***

-0.05

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ322

- 322 -

Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭㢼ᅵࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸳ཬࡧ⾲㸯㸴࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ࡝ࡢᚑᒓኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸳. Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

Ꮫ⣭άື࡬ࡢ
㛵୚Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴

⮬ᕫ㛤♧

2.39

2.91

ษ∦

2.71

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

0.00

0.01

-0.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

0.01

-0.16

-0.01

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.21

0.04

-0.09

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.01

-0.01

0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.01

-0.04

0.08

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

-0.05

-0.01

0.04

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.13ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

0.00ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.13

***

*

*

-0.13

**

*

***

0.07

0.10

0.01

0.08

0.03

⾲㸯㸴. Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
㸦⥆ࡁ㸧
᥎ᐃ್
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥ

Ꮫ⣭࡬ࡢ‶㊊

ᛶ

ឤ

つᚊṇࡋࡉ

ษ∦

2.18

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

0.02

0.00

0.00

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.01

0.08

-0.07

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.12

-0.07

-0.25

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.02

0.00

0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.05

0.00

0.03

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

-0.06

0.01

-0.01

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.08

0.07

0.06

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-0.06

-0.03

-0.04

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.13

0.08

0.03

***

*

3.37

***

3.50

***

*

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ323

- 323 -

 Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭ࡢឤ᝟㢼ᅵ㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࣭ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸵࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ㸦࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧࡜Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ㸧ࡢ୧᪉࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸵. ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
᥎ᐃ್

ᅇᖐಀᩘ

࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ

ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ

ษ∦

2.95

2.66

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.01

-0.01

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.02

0.02

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.17

-0.18

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

0.00

0.00

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.05

0.09

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.05

-0.10

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.00

0.00

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

0.03

0.08

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.05

0.01

***

***

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ324

- 324 -

 Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸶࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ୺ຠᯝࡣ᭷ព࡛࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
⾲㸯㸶.࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸦Y ┴ F ᕷ㸧
ᅇᖐಀᩘ

᥎ᐃ್

ษ∦

3.94

Ꮫ⣭つᶍ

-0.04

໅⥆ᖺᩘ

-0.02

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 5㸧

-0.11

ᢸᙜᏛᖺ㸦ᑠ 6㸧

-0.02ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦እྥᛶ㸧

0.32ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦༠ㄪᛶ㸧

0.12ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧

0.06ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸧

-0.31

**

ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦㛤ᨺᛶ㸧

0.06

***

**

⾲ὀ㸧⾲ෆࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡣ㠀ᶆ‽໬ᅇᖐಀᩘࢆ♧ࡍࠋᢸᙜᏛᖺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᑠ 4 ࢆᇶ‽࡜ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢᏛᖺࡢࢲ࣑࣮ኚᩘࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡟ᢞධࡋࡓࠋ*** p < .001, ** p < .01, * p < .05ࠋ㸲⠇ ⪃ᐹ ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷཬࡧ Y ┴ F ᕷࡢᩍဨㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢㄪᰝᐇ᪋ᮇ㛫ࢆ
㏻ࡌ࡚ྛ⮬἞యࡢබ❧ᑠᏛᰯ࡟໅ົࡋ࡚࠸ࡓᩍᖌࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ᪉㸪ᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋ┦㛵ศᯒཬࡧ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪≉࡟ X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪୍㒊ࡢኚᩘ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ㸪᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡓ࡜࠾ࡾᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᚓࡽࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ㸯㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍᖌࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ᣦᑟ᪉㔪㸪ࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᩍᖌࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪ᣦᑟ᪉㔪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡚ኚືࡍࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
୍᪉㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᏛᴗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᏛᴗࢧ
࣏࣮ࢺࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪ࠕᤵᴗ࡛ࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㡯┠⩌࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ᑐࡋ325- 325 -

࡚ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓᏛᴗ㠃࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࢆ༑ศ࡟⾜࠼࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜ㄆ㆑ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ┦ᑐⓗ࡟つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸Ꮫ⣭ࢆᢸᙜࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᩘࡢከࡉ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪≀⌮ⓗ࡟ࡶ඲࡚ࡢඣ
❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ࡢ≧ἣࡸᡂᯝࢆ༑ศ࡟☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭㢼ᅵᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᢸᙜᏛ⣭ࡢ㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ♫఍࣭⾜ື㠃࡛ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ
㸦e.g., ఀ⸨࣭Ᏹబ⨾, 2017㸧࡜㸪ឤ᝟㠃ࡢᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ㸦ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ㸸e.g., ฼᰿ᕝ, 2006㸧ࡢ୧㠃࠿ࡽ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ୍᪉㸪Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ
⤖ᯝ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜⮬ᕫ㛤♧㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㸪つᚊṇࡋࡉࡢ㛫࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ㛵㐃㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞
ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢ࡚ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࡀከࡃ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪つᚊṇࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜㸪ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴ࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᏛ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢᩍᖌㄪᰝࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢศᯒ࠿
ࡽ♧ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝ࡜㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪ᩚྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࡢከࡉࡸつᚊṇࡋࡉ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟ࢆᣢࡕࡸࡍࡃ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࢆᏳ඲ᇶᆅ࣭Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ࡜ࡋ࡚฼⏝ࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ᩍᖌࡢⰋዲ࡞㛵ಀᛶࡣ㸪⫯ᐃⓗ࡞㢼ᅵࡢᙧᡂ࡜୧㍯ࡢࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ㸪ࡑ࠺࠸ࡗࡓ㛵ಀᛶࢆᅵྎ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࡢከࡉࡸつᚊṇࡋࡉࡀ⏕ࡲࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴ࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚♧ࡉࢀࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝Ꮫ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽࡢྥ♫఍ᛶࡀ㧗࠸㸦௚⪅࡟ぶษ࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡋࡓࡾẼ㐵ࡗࡓࡾࡍࡿഴྥࡀᙉ࠸㸧࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡜ࡶᩚྜࡍࡿࡶࡢ
࡛࠶ࡿࠋ␗࡞ࡿ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡟ࡼࡿホᐃ࡜ᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡟ࡼࡿホᐃ㸧࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀ
ࡓ᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃศᯒ࠿ࡽ♧ࡉࢀࡓ⤖ᯝࡢഴྥࡀᩚྜࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡢ㡹೺ᛶࢆ♧ࡍ୍ࡘࡢドᕥ࡜࡞ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡛ࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡜ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶࡢ㧗ࡉ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓⅬࡶ㸪ὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࠋᩍᖌㄪᰝࡢᏛ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶࡢᣦᶆࡣࠕࡇࡢࢡࣛ
ࢫࡣ㸪ᤵᴗ୰ࡼࡃ㞟୰ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㡯┠⩌࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡛⏝࠸ࡓ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅࡢᣦᶆ࡜ࡣほⅬࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡟␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭඲య
ࡢᵝᏊ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛ⩦࡬ࡢྲྀ⤌ࡢᵝᏊ࡬ࡢຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ⫼ᬒ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪୍ࡘ࡟㸪ඛ㏙ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝
ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᏛᴗࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡓࡵ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽ୍ே୍ேࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᵝᏊࡸᡂᯝࢆ☜ㄆࡋ࡞ࡀࡽᤵᴗࢆ㐍ࡵࡸࡍࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭඲య࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶ㧗ࡲࡾࡸࡍ࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ᩍᖌഃࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡽ୍ே୍ேࡢᏛ⩦ࡢᵝᏊࢆぢྲྀࡾࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪ྠ᫬࡟㸪
326- 326 -

ᡂ㛗ࡸ㡹ᙇࡾࢆㄆࡵࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ⤖ᯝ࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
㸱㸬Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ
ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸Ꮫ⣭ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡯࡝㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ ᮏ❶࡛⏝࠸ࡓ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢᣦᶆࡣ㸪᭱㏆㸰㐌㛫ࡢ⮬㌟ࡢẼᣢࡕࡢ≧ἣ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡓ
ࡎࡡࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࠕ᫂ࡿࡃ㸪ᴦࡋ࠸Ẽศ࡛㐣ࡈࡋࡓࠖ࡞࡝ࡢ㡯┠⩌࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࠋᖺ㛫ࢆ㏻ࡋࡓഴྥ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪┤㏆ࡢᵝᏊࢆᑜࡡ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟␃ពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ᮏ❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⌮ㄽⓗ᝿ᐃ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍᖌࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែ࡜㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓⅬࡣ㸪ὀ┠࡟್ࡍࡿࠋ
㸲㸬ᮏ❶ࡢࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ㄢ㢟௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪≉࡟ X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢᏛᴗ㠃࡛ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡳࡓ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮
࢖ࣥࢢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡀᢸᙜࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡬ࡢࢧ࣏࣮ࢺࡀಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡓࡾ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢ࡚Ꮫ⣭ෆࡢ୙࿴ࡀᑡ࡞
ࡃ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ᕫ㛤♧ࡀከࡃ㸪Ꮫ⩦࡬ࡢᚿྥᛶࡸつᚊṇࡋࡉࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜ឤࡌࡽࢀࡸࡍࡃ࡞ࡗ
ࡓࡾ㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡀ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡾࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ຠᯝࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ྛኚᩘࡢ㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿
ࡗࡓࠋᮏ❶࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡾ୍㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ⌮⏤࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪௨ୗࡢ஧Ⅼ࠿ࡽゎ㔘ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ➨୍࡟㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡢᑠࡉࡉ࡛࠶ࡿࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚
ࡣ 2017 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡢィ 3 ᫬Ⅼࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒࡋࡓࡀ㸪Y ┴ F ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ
2017 ᖺᗘ࡜ 2018 ᖺᗘࡢィ 2 ᫬Ⅼࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࡳࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡓࡵ㸪Y ┴ F ᕷࡢࢧࣥࣉ
ࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡣẚ㍑ⓗᑠࡉ࠸ࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᣢࡘᮏ᮶ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ฟࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࡞ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせࡔ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ➨஧࡟㸪⮬἞య࡟ࡼࡗ࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍᖌࡢኚᩘ࡟ཬࡰࡍຠᯝࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪X ┴ A ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡳࡽࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ Y ┴ F ᕷ࡛ࡣᚓࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪⮬἞యࡈ࡜࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡢ␗㉁ᛶࢆヲ⣽࡟᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࢀࡿࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪ᮏ❶ࡢ୍㐃ࡢศᯒ࡟ඹ㏻ࡍࡿㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ẚ࡭࡚ᩍဨㄪᰝࢹ
࣮ࢱࡢࢧࣥࣉࣝᩘࡀᑡ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ᮏ❶ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ㄪ
ᰝᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓኚᩘࡢࡳࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞๫వኚᩘࢆ↓どࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡋࡓࡀࡗ࡚㸪ୖグࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ㸪ಙ㢗࡟㊊ࡿࡶࡢ࠿ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡗ࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢⅬࢆゎỴࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪ࡼࡾከࡃࡢཧຍ
⪅࠿ࡽከ✀㢮ࡢኚᩘࢆᐃࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ㸪ࡼࡾヲ⣽࡞᳨ウࢆ⾜࠺ᚲせࡀ

࠶ࡿࠋ
327

- 327 -

ඛ㏙ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡸᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿୖ࡛㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃᩍᖌࡢㄆ㆑ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞ࡐ࡞ࡽ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛຊࡸ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡑࡢࡶࡢ࠿ࡽࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪ᩍᖌࡢാࡁ࠿ࡅࡸᩍᖌࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែ࠿ࡽࡢᙳ㡪ࡶཷࡅࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭㢼ᅵ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᮏ❶ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢ⪃ᐹࡢ୰࡛♧ࡋࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪␗࡞ࡿ࢖ࣥࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢺ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ᝟ሗ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࡑࡢᩚྜᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪▱ぢࡢ㡹೺ᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ᮏ❶࡛ᢅࡗࡓᩍᖌ
ࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᩍᖌ⮬㌟ࡢᚰ⌮ⓗ≧ែࡀⰋዲ࡞≧ែ࡟࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿
࡜࠸࠺Ⅼࡣ㸪ࡑࢀ⮬యࡀᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸࡚㔜せ࡞᳨ウㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋᮏ❶ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝࢧ࢖ࢬࡸࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝈ᐃᛶ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ᪉ἲୖࡢ㝈⏺Ⅼࡶ࠶ࡾ㸪ࡲࡓṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࡶ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᩍ⫱⌧ሙ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㔜せ࡞どⅬࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧ஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧


ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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Inventory㸹CCI㸧ࡢసᡂ ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 65, 91–105.
Laitsch, D., Nguyen, H.N., & Younghusband, C.H. (2021). Class Size and Teacher Work:
Research Provided to the BCTF in their Struggle to Negotiate Teacher Working
Conditions.
Nandrup, A. B. (2016). Do class size effects differ across grades? Education Economics,

24 (1), 83-95.
Patrick, H., Kaplan, A., & Ryan, A. M. (2011). Positive classroom motivational
environments- Convergence between mastery goal structure and classroom social
climate. Journal of Educational Psychology, 103(2), 367–382.
Reeve, J., Jang, H., Carrell, D., Jeon, S., & Barch, J. (2004). Enhancing students'
engagement by increasing teachers’ autonomy support. Motivational and Emotion,
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฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ (2016). ᩍᐊ࡟࠾ࡅࡿඣ❺ࡢឤ᝟⾲ฟ࡜Ꮫ⣭㐺ᛂឤࡢ㛵㐃 ᩍ⫱ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲,328- 328 -

64(4), 569-582.

ὀ1 ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾ࡜ࡣ㸪ㄪᰝ᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⪃࠼᪉ࢆၥ࠺㡯┠ࡢᅇ⟅࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㑅ᢥ⫥ࡣ㸪ࠕ1㸸ඣ❺⏕ᚐ-ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍
ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖ㹼ࠕ6㸸ඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖࡢ 6 ௳ἲ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ 1㹼6 Ⅼ࡜ࡋ࡚ᚓ
Ⅼ໬ࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡀㄪᰝᐇ᪋᫬Ⅼ࡛┦ᑐⓗ࡟ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐྠኈࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡋ㸪ࡇࡢᚓⅬࡀప࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ࠕඣ❺⏕ᚐ-ᩍᖌࡢ୍ᑐ୍ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࠖࢆ㔜どࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࠋ
2 ࡇࡇ࡛㸪ឤ᝟㢼ᅵ࡜ࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢࡓᏛ⣭ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐ඲యࡢ㞺ᅖẼ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ
㸭࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟⾲ฟࡀ࡝ࡢ⛬ᗘ࠶ࡿ࠿ࢆᣦࡍࠋᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽぢ࡚ࡇࢀࡽࡢឤ᝟⾲ฟࡀከ࠸࡜ㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࠋ



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329

- 329 -➨  ❶ యຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃㸫Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㸯⠇ ၥ㢟࡜┠ⓗ య᧯ࡸࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡣ㌟యⓗ࡞౯್ࡼࡾࡶ㐨ᚨⓗ࡞౯್ࡢ᪉ࡀࡣࡿ࠿࡟㧗࠸㸦Plato, 1920㸧㸪
࡜ゝࢃࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪࡟࡜ࡗ࡚㐠ືࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㌟యⓗ࡟೺ᗣⓗ࡞⏕άࢆ㏦ࡿࡓࡵࡔࡅ࡛
࡞ࡃ㸪ࡸࡿẼࡸᡃ៏ᙉࡉ㸪♫఍ᛶࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮚ౪ࡢ♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ࡞ഃ㠃ࡢྥୖ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ
ᮇᚅࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬, 2012㸧ࠋ㐠ື࡬ࡢཧຍ㔞ࡀ⮬ᑛᚰࡸ࣮ࣜࢲ࣮ࢩࢵࣉ࡞࡝࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡣ࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ࡢṇ㈇ࡢྥࡁࡸᙉࡉࡣ୍㈏ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸
ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪Gould & Carson, 2008㸧ࠋ ᑠᏛ⏕௨ୖࡢሙྜ㸪㐠ື࡞࠸ࡋయຊ࡜♫఍᝟⥴ⓗⓎ㐩ࡢ㛵㐃ࡣᏛ⣭ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚
␗࡞ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪㐠ື⬟ຊࡀ㧗࠸Ꮚ౪ࡣ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍဨࡸ཭ே࡟〔ࡵࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡛⮬ಙࡸࡸࡿẼ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࢀࡤ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⤒㦂ࡣቑ࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡲࡓ㸪㞟ᅋࡢ୍యឤ㸦cohesion㸧࡜࠸࠺ほⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ㸦Carron et al., 2002㸧
㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢ୍యឤࡀᙉࡲࡾ㸪㐠ື㠃࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏊ౪ࡢ㧗࠸ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ㸪ࡑࡋ࡚ࡑࢀࡀ⤖ᯝⓗ࡟Ꮚ౪ࡢ⮬ಙࡸ᭷⬟ឤ࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࡟ࡼࡿ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㐠ື⬟ຊ࡜♫఍᝟⥴ⓗഃ㠃ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡢ㐪࠸ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋ㐠ື⬟ຊ࡞࠸ࡋయຊ࡜♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ⬟ຊ㸦㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸧ࡢ㛵㐃࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࡶࡢࡣ㸪୺࡟య⫱ᩍ⫱⣔ࡢศ㔝࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ఍࡞࡝࡛ᗄࡘ࠿ሗ࿌ࡉ
ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸦ኟཎ࣭ຍ⸨, 2017㸧㸪ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ࠿ྰ࠿ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪㐠ື࡜♫఍᝟⥴ⓗ⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆࡼࡾṇ☜࡟⌮ゎࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ㸰⠇ ᪉ἲ
ศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 2017㸦ᖹᡂ 29㸧ᖺ㹼2019㸦௧࿴ඖ㸧ᖺ࡟཰㞟ࡉࢀࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ̽2019 ᖺᗘࡢ㛫ࡢ 1 ᖺᗘ௨ୖ࡟࠾࠸࡚ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕࡛࠶ࡗࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋศᯒࡈ࡜࡟㸪฼⏝࡛ࡁࡿࢧࣥࣉࣝࢆ඲࡚ศ
ᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡓࠋᖺᗘࡈ࡜ࡢᶓ᩿ⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪Ꮫᖺ㸪ᛶู➼ࡢ᝟ሗࡀ࠶ࡿ⣙ 6,400
ྡࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡓࠋ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢእ⏕ኚᩘࡀ඲࡚ࡑࢁࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡢࡳࡀศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ࡣ 3,062 ྡ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓኚᩘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢయຊࡣ᪂యຊࢸࢫࢺࡢ 8 ✀┠㸦ᥱຊ㸪ୖయ㉳ࡇࡋ㸪㛗ᗙయ๓ᒅ㸪཯᚟ᶓ࡜ࡧ㸪20m ࢩࣕࢺࣝࣛࣥ㸪50m ㉮㸪❧ࡕᖜ࡜ࡧ㸪ࢯࣇࢺ࣮࣎ࣝ
[ࣁࣥࢻ࣮࣎ࣝ] ᢞࡆ㸧ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋయຊᚓⅬࡢ⟬ฟ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚㸪ୖグ 8 ✀┠ࡢ೫ᕪ್ᚓⅬࢆ☜ㄆⓗᅉᏊศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡵ㸦ᅗ㸯ཧ↷㸧㸪₯ᅾኚᩘ໬ࡉࢀࡓయຊᚓ
Ⅼࢆᅇᖐἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ồࡵࡓࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢኚᩘ㸦௨ୗ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍᖌࡢ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺᶵ⬟㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧㸪⮬ᑛᚰ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸧㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㸦ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗ330- 330 -

ㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸧㸪Big Five ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ㸦እྥᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸧࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ศᯒࡢᡭ㡰ࡣ௨ୗࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪యຊࢸࢫࢺࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪୪⾜ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ
ࡸ MAP ᇶ‽ࡢ್ࢆཧ⪃࡟㸪1 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋ1 ᅉᏊᵓ㐀ࢆ௬ᐃࡋࡓ☜ㄆⓗᅉᏊศᯒࣔࢹࣝࢆ 3 ᫬Ⅼศࡢ᪂యຊࢸࢫࢺࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠶࡚ࡣࡵ㸪 ᐃ୙ኚᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓ㸦ᅗ㸯ཧ↷㸧ࠋ⤖ᯝ㸪ᅉᏊ㈇Ⲵ࡟ࡲ࡛➼್ไ⣙ࢆㄢࡏࡿᙅ ᐃ୙ኚࣔࢹࣝࡀᨭᣢࡉࢀࡓ
ࡓࡵ㸪3 ᫬Ⅼࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢయຊࢆ₯ᅾኚᩘ໬ࡉࢀࡓᚓⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚⟬ฟࡋࡓࠋ⥆࠸࡚㸪యຊᚓⅬ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᚓⅬࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ᫬Ⅼෆ࡛඲ࢧࣥࣉࣝࡢᖹᆒ್࣭ᶆ‽೫ᕪࢆ⏝࠸㸪ᶆ‽໬ࡋࡓ㸦Mean = 0, SD = 1㸧ࠋࡲࡓ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣྛ᫬ⅬࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ඲యࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ࢭࣥࢱࣜࣥࢢࢆࡋࡓࠋ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜యຊࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟╔┠ࡋ᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪ྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢ
ᑻᗘᚓⅬࢆ┠ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪ᛶู࣭Ꮫᖺࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪యຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ཬࡧ୧ኚᩘࡢ஺஫
స⏝ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᖺᗘࡈ࡜࡟ᶓ᩿ศ
ᯒࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ⾜࠸㸪⤖ᯝࡀᖺᗘࢆ㉸࠼୍࡚㈏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࠿ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୰࡛ࡶయຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓ⮬ᑛᚰཬࡧឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧࡜ࡢ㛫࡛㸪⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ ศᯒ࡟ࡣ⤫ィࢯࣇࢺ R ࢆ౑⏝ࡋ㸪ඹศᩓᵓ㐀ศᯒ࡟ࡣ lavaan ࣃࢵࢣ࣮ࢪࢆ౑⏝ࡋࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ௨እࡢḞ ್࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣศᯒࡢ㝿࡟㸪᏶඲᝟ሗ᭱ᑬ㸦ࡉ࠸ࡺ࠺㸧᥎ᐃἲ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ฎ⌮ࡋࡓࠋᅗ㸯 ᮏ❶࡟࠾ࡅࡿయຊࡢ☜ㄆⓗᅉᏊศᯒࣔࢹࣝ

㸱⠇ ⤖ᯝ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜యຊࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟╔┠ࡋ᳨࡚ドࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ྛ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᑻ
ᗘᚓⅬࢆ┠ⓗኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪యຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍ㸪ཬࡧ୧ኚᩘࡢ஺஫స⏝ࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࡜ࡋࡓ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ2017 ᖺᗘ࠿ࡽ 2019 ᖺᗘࡲ࡛ࡢᖺᗘࡈ࡜ࡢศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸯㸫㸱࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪඲࡚ࡢᖺᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᖺᗘࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᖺ࡜ᛶูࡣ⤫ไࡋࡓࠋ331- 331 -⾲㸯 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆண ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㸦2017 ᖺᗘ㸧B
̽0.015
̽0.0120.001
̽0.0130.002
̽0.003
̽0.0040.228
0.000
̽0.0050.102
0.001
̽0.0030.118
̽0.003
̽0.0030.190
̽0.0030.007
̽0.102
̽0.001
̽0.0040.114
0.000
̽0.001
0.191
0.000
0.000
0.054
̽0.002
̽0.0010.110
̽0.001
0.003
0.004
0.002
0.004
̽0.0640.003
̽0.0030.269
̽0.001
0.000
0.056
0.001
0.002
0.149
0.000
0.007
̽0.1020.002
̽0.0040.070
̽0.002┠ⓗኚᩘㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ_Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ_Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ⮬ᑛᚰᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_ไᚚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_ㄆ▱Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_⾲⌧Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
↓Ẽຊឤ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
ྥ♫఍ᛶ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
཭ே㛵ಀ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ෆⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_እⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_እྥᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_༠ㄪᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_໅ຮᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_⚄⤒⑕ഴྥᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_㛤ᨺᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ332- 332 -

B SE
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003

p
<0.001
0.327
0.833<0.001
0.898
0.353
0.153
<0.0010.958
0.079<0.001
0.664
0.322<0.0010.340
0.318<0.001
0.224
0.032<0.0010.603
0.201<0.001
0.986
0.829<0.0010.893
0.937<0.001
0.389
0.645<0.001
0.841
0.289
0.746
0.544
0.212
<0.0010.379
0.365<0.0010.624
0.943<0.0010.649
0.547<0.001
0.877
0.034<0.001
0.522
0.196<0.0010.550

⾲㸰 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆண ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㸦2018 ᖺᗘ㸧
B–0.005–0.012–0.002–0.0060.027–0.005–0.0100.239–0.006–0.001
0.075–0.0030.003
0.115–0.0030.002
0.199–0.0020.008–0.086
0.005
0.002
0.115
0.001
–0.0050.183–0.001–0.001
0.055–0.0060.001
0.078–0.0030.001–0.013–0.0020.002–0.041
0.000
0.001
0.272
–0.007–0.0060.071–0.005–0.001
0.187–0.0040.001–0.0960.005–0.0060.084–0.006┠ⓗኚᩘㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ_Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ_Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ⮬ᑛᚰᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_ไᚚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_ㄆ▱Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_⾲⌧Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
↓Ẽຊឤ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
ྥ♫఍ᛶ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
཭ே㛵ಀ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ෆⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_እⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_እྥᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_༠ㄪᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_໅ຮᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_⚄⤒⑕ഴྥᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_㛤ᨺᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ333- 333 -

B SE
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003

p
0.086
0.334
0.500
0.044
0.023
0.060
0.001
<0.001
0.035
0.636<0.0010.337
0.328<0.001
0.333
0.543<0.0010.469
0.006<0.0010.088
0.604<0.0010.623
0.115<0.001
0.731
0.784<0.0010.044
0.860<0.001
0.356
0.846
0.302
0.551
0.427
0.001
0.959
0.766
<0.001
0.011
0.056<0.001
0.091
0.716<0.001
0.133
0.724<0.001
0.080
0.055<0.0010.045

⾲㸱 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆண ࡍࡿ㔜ᅇᖐศᯒ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧
B
0.005–0.012–0.0010.010
0.013–0.002–0.0090.246–0.0070.001
0.079–0.0020.006
0.157–0.0020.002
0.219–0.0070.000–0.097
0.003
0.004
0.149
–0.0010.005
0.208–0.0040.003
0.065–0.0040.004
0.092–0.0040.009–0.0030.006
0.005–0.071
0.002–0.001
0.287–0.008–0.0060.065–0.0020.002
0.172–0.0040.000–0.1060.008–0.0020.068–0.010┠ⓗኚᩘㄝ᫂ኚᩘ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ_Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ࢔ࢱࢵࢳ࣓ࣥࢺ_Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ⮬ᑛᚰᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_ไᚚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_ㄆ▱Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍឤ᝟▱ᛶ_⾲⌧Ꮫ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
↓Ẽຊឤ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
ྥ♫఍ᛶ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍ
཭ே㛵ಀ
Ꮫ⣭つᶍ
యຊ
యຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ෆⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ྠ୍໬ㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍᏛ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ_እⓗㄪᩚᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_እྥᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_༠ㄪᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_໅ຮᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_⚄⤒⑕ഴྥᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕_㛤ᨺᛶᏛ⣭つᶍయຊయຊᏛ⣭つᶍ334- 334 -

B SE
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.012
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003
0.003
0.013
0.003

p
0.083
0.338
0.731
0.001
0.294
0.595
0.005
<0.0010.016
0.802<0.0010.540
0.031<0.0010.534
0.444<0.0010.015
0.956<0.001
0.282
0.198<0.001
0.727
0.091<0.0010.190
0.260<0.0010.173
0.147<0.001
0.134
0.002
0.806
0.050
0.103
<0.0010.430
0.645<0.001
0.008
0.042<0.001
0.538
0.472<0.001
0.126
0.985<0.001
0.005
0.493<0.001<0.001ศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜యຊࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୍㈏ࡋࡓㄪᩚຠᯝࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ୍㒊࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞㸦ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞㸧㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜యຊ࡜ࡢṇࡢ㸦㈇ࡢ㸧㛵㐃ᛶࡀᙉࡲࡿഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ౛࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡜యຊ
࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢㄪᩚຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪༢⣧ഴᩳࢆᅗ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆ㸪ᅗ㸰࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋᅗ㸰 ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜యຊࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࡢㄪᩚຠᯝ㸦2019 ᖺᗘ㸧⥆࠸࡚㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜యຊ࡜ࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ
⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୰࡛ࡶ㸪⮬ᑛᚰࡣ㸪యຊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ 2017̽2019 ᖺᗘࢆ㏻
ࡌ୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓṇࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡜యຊ࡜ࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚╔┠ࡋࡓࠋࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᚓⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪㔜ᅇᖐศᯒࡢ㝿࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪ྛᖺᗘࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᖺ࣭ᛶู࣭Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆᖺᗘࡈ࡜࡟⤫ไࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪యຊࡣඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢయ᱁࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡶࡳࡽࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㌟㛗࡜య㔜ࡶ⤫ไࡋࡓࠋ࠶࡚ࡣࡵࡓ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡋⰋዲ࡞࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࢆぢࡏࡓ㸦CFI = 0.988, TLI = 0.981, RMSEA = 0.057, SRMR =0.010㸧
ࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓᶆ‽໬᥎ᐃ್ࡣᅗ㸱࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඹኚ㔞࡜ࡋ࡚⤫ไࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜యຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ࡟㝈ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀయຊࡢ᥎ᐃ
್ࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦ᶆ‽໬᥎ᐃ್ = 0.021, p < 0.001㸧
ࠋࡲࡓ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2018 ᖺᗘ㸦ᶆ‽໬᥎ᐃ್ = ̽0.043, p = 0.004㸧࡜ 2019 ᖺᗘ㸦ᶆ‽໬᥎ᐃ್ =̽0.050, p < 0.001㸧࡟㛵ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀ⮬ᑛᚰࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡀప࠸ഴྥࡀ
ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ

335- 335 -ᅗ㸱 ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜యຊࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶὀ. n = 3062ࠋ* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001ࠋp < 0.001 ࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡶ
ࡢࡢࡳ㸪ᐇ⥺࡛ࣃࢫࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡶ㸪యຊ࡜ࡢ㛫࡛ 2017̽2019 ᖺᗘࢆ㏻ࡌ
୍࡚㈏ࡋࡓṇࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪୧ኚᩘ㛫ࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜
ྠᵝࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ࠶࡚ࡣࡵࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡋⰋዲ࡞࠶࡚ࡣࡲࡾࢆぢࡏࡓ㸦CFI = 0.988, TLI = 0.980, RMSEA = 0.059, SRMR = 0.012㸧
ࠋᚓࡽࢀࡓᶆ‽໬᥎ᐃ್ࡣ
ᅗ㸲࡟♧ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ඹኚ㔞࡜ࡋ࡚⤫ไࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜యຊ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2018ᖺᗘ࡟㝈ࡾ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࠸ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ᪉ࡀయຊࡢ᥎ᐃ್ࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ㸦ᶆ‽໬᥎ᐃ್ = 0.021, p < 0.001㸧
ࠋࡲࡓ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢᖺᗘ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋᅗ㸲 ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧࡜యຊࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶὀ. n = 3062ࠋ* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001ࠋp < 0.001 ࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡶ
ࡢࡢࡳ㸪ᐇ⥺࡛ࣃࢫࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ




336

- 336 -

㸲⠇ ⪃ᐹ ₯ᅾኚᩘ໬ࡉࢀࡓయຊࡢᚓⅬ࡜㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᑻᗘᚓⅬ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪୍㒊࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿ᭷ព࡞ㄪᩚຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸࡯࡝♫఍ⓗ࡟ᮃࡲࡋ࠸㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝యຊ࡜ࡢṇࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀ୍㒊࡛ㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤ 2018 ᖺᗘཬࡧ 2019 ᖺᗘࡢእྥᛶ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸪⮬ᑛᚰ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜యຊࡢ㛫ࡢṇࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᩚຠᯝࡀ 2ᖺᗘ࡜ࡶ୍㈏ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ୍᪉࡛㸪౛࠼ࡤ 2019 ᖺᗘࡢ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝యຊ࡜ࡢ㈇ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄪᩚຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡺ࠼࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡼࡿㄪᩚຠᯝࡀ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ⟠ᡤ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢㄪᩚຠᯝࡢ᪉ྥ
ᛶࡣ୍㈏ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ㐠ື⬟ຊࡀ㧗࠸ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢሙྜ㸪཭ே࠿ࡽ㈹㈶ࢆ
ᚓࡽࢀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀ཭ே࠿ࡽࡢཷᐜឤࡸ⮬ಙ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟Ⰻዲ࡞཭ே㛵ಀࢆᙧᡂࡋࡸࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸦౛࠼ࡤ㸪Moran & Weiss, 2006㸧㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉࡃ㸪Ꮫ⣭ࡢ཭ே࡜ࡢ㊥㞳ࡀ㏆࠸ࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ୍ࡘ
ࡢྍ⬟ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪2017 ᖺᗘࡢయຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢㄪᩚຠᯝࡀ୍ษ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪3 ᫬Ⅼ඲୍࡚࡛㈏ࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚࠸࡞
࠸Ⅼ࡟ࡣὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢㄪᩚຠᯝࡶ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡣ
ᑠࡉࡃ㸪㠀ᖖ࡟ᙅ࠸ຠᯝࡋ࠿♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼ࡟ࡶὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪యຊ࡜ 3 ᫬Ⅼ୍࡛㈏ࡋࡓ᭷ព࡞ṇࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓ⮬ᑛᚰ࡜ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࢆྲྀࡾୖࡆ㸪ࡑࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞┦஫ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ྛᖺᗘࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ⮬ᑛᚰ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ 2 ᫬Ⅼ┠࡜ 3 ᫬Ⅼ┠㸦2018̽
2019 ᖺᗘ㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀᑠࡉ࠸᪉ࡀ⮬ᑛᚰࡢᚓⅬࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࠋ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࠶࡚ࡣࡵࡓ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝෆ࡛ࡣ 3 ᫬Ⅼ࡜ࡶ࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞㛵㐃ᛶࡣ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡋ࡚ 1 ᫬Ⅼ๓ࡢయຊࡀḟࡢ᫬Ⅼࡢ⮬ᑛᚰࡸ⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡢᚓⅬࡢ㧗ࡉࢆண ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺㸪⯆࿡῝࠸⤖ᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ஺஫స⏝ࢆ㏣ຍ᳨࡛ウࡋࡓࡶࡢࡢ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞್࡜࡞ࡽ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㐠ື㠃࡛ࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫࡀ㸪ࡑࡢᚋࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ⮬ศ⮬㌟࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⫯ᐃⓗ࡞ホ౯ࡸ㸪⮬㌟ࡢឤ᝟ࡢ㐺ษ࡞⾲ฟࢫ࢟ࣝ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓⅬࡣ㸪㔜せ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀయຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᶓ᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ᛶࢆㄪᩚࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡑࡢ᪉ྥᛶࡣ㸪♫఍ⓗ࡟ᮃࡲࡋ࠸ࢥࣥࣆࢸࣥࢫ࡜యຊࡢ㛫ࡢṇࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸ሙྜ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾᙉࡃ࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪⤖ᯝࡀᖺᗘࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚
୍㈏ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓⅬࡣὀពࡍࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪௒ᚋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ㏣ヨࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲ
ࡓ㸪యຊࢸࢫࢺ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ⦪᩿ⓗ࡞㛵㐃ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢㄪᩚຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡿᙳ㡪ࢆཷࡅ࡞࠸
ࡼ࠺࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ୧ኚᩘࡢ᫬Ⅼ㛫ࢆࡲࡓ࠸ࡔ㛵㐃ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪୍㈏ࡋ࡚యຊᚓⅬࡀࡑࡢᚋࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆண

ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㐠ືࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ

࡜࠸࠼ࡿࠋࡓࡔࡋ㸪ᮏศᯒ࡛ࡣᐇ㝿ࡢ㐠ື⩦័࡞࡝ࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠾ࡽࡎ㸪⤖ᯝࡢᏳ᫆࡞ゎ㔘࡟ࡣៅ㔜࡛࠶ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

337- 337 -

኱ஂಖᆂ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᕝᮏဴஓ㸦ᅜኈ⯓኱Ꮫ㸧Ṋ⸨ୡⰋ㸦࠾ⲔࡢỈዪᏊ኱Ꮫ㸧ஂಖ⏣㸦Ἑᮏ㸧ឡᏊ㸦Ᏹ㒔ᐑ኱Ꮫ㸧㣤ᮧ࿘ᖹ㸦๰౯኱Ꮫ㸧฼᰿ᕝ᫂Ꮚ㸦ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ㸧ᓥ⏣኱♸㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ᒸ⏣ㅬ௓㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧㐲⸨฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩
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24(2), 168–188.
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and future directions. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 1(1),58-78.
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ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ (2012). ➨㸰❶ ᗂඣ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㌟యάືࡢㄢ㢟࡜㐠ືࡢព⩏
https://www.mext.go.jp/component/a_menu/sports/detail/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2012/0
5/11/1319748_5_1.pdf
Moran, M. M., & Weiss, M. R. (2006) Peer leadership in sport: Links with friendship,peer acceptance, psychological characteristics, and athletic ability. Journal ofApplied Sport Psychology, 18(2).
ኟཎ㝯அ࣭ຍ⸨㈗᫛ (2017). ඣ❺ᮇཬࡧ㟷ᖺᮇࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㠀ㄆ▱ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢⓎ㐩࡜ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶάື࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲̿̿ࢫ࣏࣮ࢶࡢఱࡀ㠀ㄆ▱ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢ⋓ᚓ࡟ᐤ୚ࡋ
࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿?̿̿ ➲ᕝࢫ࣏࣮ࢶ◊✲ຓᡂ◊✲ᡂᯝሗ࿌᭩, 293-299.
Plato. (1920). Protagoras. In A. Cubberly (Ed.), Readings in the history of education (p.
46). New York:
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‫ە‬Ꮫຊ㸤㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫㛵㐃➨  ❶ Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫ᙳ㡪ࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝ̿஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ウ㸯⠇ ; ┴ $ ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ
㸯㸬ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࢆᐃᘧ໬
ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞
ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋᏛຊࡸ▱⬟ᣦᩘ㸦IQ㸧࡜࠸ࡗࡓㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆጞࡵ࡜ࡍࡿ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛫ࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿ◊✲ᡂᯝࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ᩘከࡃሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋPoropat(2009) ࡣ㸪Five Factor Model㸦FFM㸧࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ィ ࡉࢀࡿࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣓ࢱศᯒࢆ⾜࠸㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪ㄔᐇᛶ㸦໅ຮᛶ㸧㸪㛤ᨺᛶࡢ୕ࡘࡢࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡀᏛຊ࡜┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋBorghans et al. (2016) ࡣ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕
≉ᛶ࡜▱⬟ᣦᩘࡀᡂ⦼ࡸᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢⅬᩘ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᣦ᦬ࡋࡘࡘ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜ
ࢸ࢕≉ᛶࡣᡂ⦼࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ㸪▱⬟ᣦᩘࡣᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢⅬᩘ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋMacCann et al. (2020) ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸦Emotional Intelligence㸧࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛵ಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚࣓ࢱศᯒࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪▱⬟ᣦᩘࡸࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕≉ᛶࢆ⤫ไࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡀᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋCunha and Heckman (2007)ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚ேⓗ㈨ᮏࡀᙧᡂࡉࢀࡿືᏛⓗ࡞⌮ㄽࣔࢹࣝࢆ
ᵓ⠏ࡋࡓୖ࡛᥎ィࢆ⾜࠸㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྥୖࡀㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᙧᡂ࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ୍᪉࡛㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྥୖࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᙧᡂ࡟వࡾᐤ୚ࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ
ࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ㸪ࡑࡢࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ཮᪉࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫࡢศ㔝࡛⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡢከ࠸஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ㸦Cross-lagged effect model㸪஺ᕪ㐜ࢀຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡶ࿧ࡤࢀࡿ㸧ࢆ⏝࠸࡚ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࠋศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣᏛຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ཮᪉࡜㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀከࡃࡢ᥎ᐃᘧ࡟࠾࠸࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪≉ᐃࡢᏛᖺ࡟࠾࠸
࡚Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࡀᙅࡲࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᗄࡘ࠿ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᣦᶆ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
௨ୗ㸪㸰㸬࡛ࡣ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせࢆゎㄝࡋ㸪ྠࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡓඛ⾜◊✲ࢆᴫほࡍࡿࠋ㸱㸬࡛ࡣ㸪ලయⓗ࡞᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡜౑⏝ࡋࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ㸲㸬࡛ࡣ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿࠋ㸳㸬ࡣ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓ⪃ᐹཬࡧ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟
࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㏙࡭ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪2 Ἴ㸦2 ᫬Ⅼ㸧௨ୖࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪」ᩘࡢኚᩘ㛫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪ᚰ⌮Ꮫศ㔝ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ከࡃ⏝࠸ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦Finkel, 1995㸧
ࠋ
339- 339 -

ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ༢⣧࡞ 2 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡣᅗ㸯࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞
ࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩘᘧ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࢀࡤ㸪
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࡜⾲ࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࡣㄗᕪ㡯࡛࠶ࡾ㸪X ࡜ Y ࡢῧ࠼Ꮠࡣ᫬Ⅼࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㏆Ụ࡯࠿㸦2005㸧ࡣ୰Ꮫ⏕ࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓ 3 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝㔞㸦X㸧࡜᝟ሗά⏝ࡢᐇ㊶ຊ㸦Y㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㧗ẚⰋ࡯࠿㸦2006㸧ࡣ 2 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ౑⏝㔞࡜ᨷᧁᛶࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋす⏣࡯࠿㸦2014㸧ࡣ 3 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪㧗㱋⪅࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱⬟࡜ᢚ࠺ࡘࡢ┦஫㛵ಀࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ୰㡲㈡࡯࠿㸦2018㸧ࡣ 5 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪య⫱Ꮫ⩦࡟㛵㐃ࡍࡿᅄࡘࡢኚᩘ㸦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ㞺ᅖẼ㸪ㄢ㢟ᚿྥᛶ㸪⮬ᡃᚿྥᛶ㸪⏕ࡁࡿຊ㸧ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᳨ドࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩘ⨾㸦2017㸧ࡣ㸪
4 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⩦ែᗘࡢ㛵ಀᛶࢆ᥎ᐃࡋ㸪Ꮫᖺࡀୖࡀࡿ࡟ࡘࢀ࡚Ꮫຊ
ࡢ᫬Ⅼ㛫ࡢ┦㛵ࡀᙉࡲࡿࡇ࡜㸪Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⩦ែᗘࡢ㛫࡟཮᪉ྥࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆሗ࿌
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢඛ⾜◊✲ࡀ࠸ࡎࢀࡶ 2 Ἴ௨ୖࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶ
♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡣ㸪㸦1 ᮇ๓ࡢኚᩘ㸧Ѝ㸦ᙜᮇࡢኚᩘ㸧࡜࠸࠺᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪⤒῭Ꮫ࡛ࡣ᫬⣔ิศᯒ࡛࡞ࡌࡳࡢ࠶
ࡿࠕࢢࣞࣥࢪ࣮ࣕᅉᯝᛶࠖࡢ⪃࠼᪉࡟ᑐᛂࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ㸱㸬᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࢹ࣮ࢱ
㸦㸯㸧᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ ᮏ⠇࡛ศᯒ࡟⏝࠸ࡿ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪ᅗ㸰࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ 3 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ
ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡢ௦⌮ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢᚓⅬ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜㸪ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ┦஫㛵ಀࡢ୰࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ཮᪉࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ┠ⓗࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ࡑࢀࡽࢆ࡛♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ∼ ᅗ㸰࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪ྛᮇࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ⏕ᚐࡢࡑࡢᮇࡢᏛຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ཬࡰࡍᙳ㡪ࡀྛᮇ࡛➼ࡋ࠸࡜௬ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࡛ࡁࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪

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࡜࠸࠺ไ⣙ࢆ⨨࠸࡚᥎ᐃࡍࡿ

࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋไ⣙ࢆ⨨ࡃሙྜ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀᏛᖺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ኚࢃࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ௬ᐃ
ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࡢ௬ᐃࡀጇᙜ࡛࠶ࡿ࠿࡝࠺࠿ࡣඛぢⓗ࡟ࡣ୙࡛᫂࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛௨ୗࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ไ⣙ࢆ⨨࠿࡞࠸ሙྜ࡜⨨࠸ࡓሙྜࡢ୧᪉ࡢ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜࠺ࠋ ࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟ࡣᵓ㐀᪉⛬ᘧࣔࢹࣜࣥࢢ㸦SEM㸧ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿ㸦Stata 17.0 ࡢ sem ࢥ࣐ࣥࢻ㸧ࠋ࡞࠾㸪඲࡚ࡢኚᩘࢆᶆ‽໬ࡋࡓୖ࡛㸪Ꮫᰯᅛ᭷ࡢຠᯝࢆ㝖እࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟Ꮫᰯෆ୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓࡢ
ࡕ࡟᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

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‫ࠫޣ‬㸦㸰㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱ ᮏ⠇࡛౑⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪X ┴ A ᕷ㸦௨ୗࡇࡢ⠇࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠕA ᕷࠖ࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㸧ࡢඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡓᏛຊㄪᰝཬࡧ࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋA ᕷࡢᏛຊㄪᰝ
ࡣྛᖺᗘࡢ 1 ᭶࡟㸪࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡣ 11 ᭶㹼12 ᭶࡟ࡑࢀࡒࢀᐇ᪋ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ 4 ᩍ⛉㸦ᅜㄒ㸪⟬ᩘ㸪⌮⛉㸪♫఍㸧ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢᖹᆒ್ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࡢタၥ㡯┠࠿ࡽసᡂࡉࢀࡓ 18 ࡢᑻᗘ㸦⾲㸯㸧ࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋ ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿࡢࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡔࡗࡓᏛᖺࡢඣ❺⣙ 1,350 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅗ
㸰࡛♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒ࡛ࡣ୺࡟ 3 Ἴ㸦2017㸪2018㸪2019 ᖺᗘ㸧ࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ
࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣᑠᏛᰯᚋ༙ࡢ 3 ᖺ㛫ࢆ㐣ࡈࡋࡓඣ❺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋ
Ꮫຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᑻᗘ࡟Ḟᦆ್ࡀ࠶ࡿሙྜࡣࡑࡢඣ❺ࢆ㝖እࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸦࢔ࣥࣂࣛࣥࢫ
ࢻ࣭ࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜࡞ࡿ㸧ࡢ࡛㸪᥎ᐃᘧ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ほ್ᩘࡣⱝᖸኚືࡍࡿࠋศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ

ኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㸦ᶆ‽໬ཬࡧᏛᰯෆ୰ᚰ໬๓㸧ࢆ⾲㸰࡟ሗ࿌ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ⾲㸰࡟ࡼࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣ⣙ 33 ྡ㸪᭱ᑠ್ࡣ 24 ே㸪᭱኱್ࡣ 41 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋSES ࡢ௦⌮ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ࢲ࣑࣮ࡢᖹᆒ್ࡣ 0.1 ⛬ᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪ศᯒࢧࣥࣉࣝ඲యࡢ 10㸣⛬ᗘࡀᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥ୡᖏࡢඣ❺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋᏛຊ㸦4 ᩍ⛉ࡢ೫ᕪ್ࡢᖹᆒ್㸧ࡢ᭱ᑠ್ࡣ 25㸪᭱኱್ࡣ 67 ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

341- 341 -

⾲㸯 ᮏ❶࡛㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ࡋ࡚ྲྀࡾᢅࡗࡓᑻᗘ෾ྪऊౕ୴೜‫گ‬།ͳ͹‫ؖ‬࿊੓҈સ͵ඈೋ৖ॶɾ҈સ‫خ‬ஏࣙ‫ހ‬ࣙଜ‫״‬৚

ऀճ੓ʀ‫״‬৚༓ਕͳ͹‫ܐؖ‬੓ָसқཋϏʖλψϨτΡࣙ‫״ހ‬৚͹੏‫ޜ‬ɾଠं‫״‬৚͹೟எɾࣙ‫״ހ‬৚͹න‫ݳ‬ɾ޴ऀճదߨಊ
༓ਕͳ͹‫ܐؖ‬಼ద௒੖ɾಋҲԿద௒੖ɾखΕ೘Ηద௒੖ɾ֐ద௒੖ɾ
ໃ‫״ྙـ‬
֐޴੓ɾ‫ڢ‬௒੓ɾ‫ۊ‬ห੓ɾਈ‫ܨ‬঳ܑ޴ɾ֋๎੓⾲㸰 ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ
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ὀ㸸2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡔࡗࡓᏛᖺࢆᑐ㇟࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

342- 342 -

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343

- 343 -

40⾲㸱 ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ
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֋๎੓
S S

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㸲㸬᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ
㸦㸯㸧3 Ἴࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ ᅗ㸰࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚ୖ㏙ࡢ 18 ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘ⏝࠸࡚᥎ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࡀ⾲㸱࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀᏛ
ᖺ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆチࡍࣔࢹࣝ㸦ไ⣙࡞ࡋ㸧࡜㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀᏛᖺࢆ㏻ࡌ୍࡚ᐃ࡛
࠶ࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡋࡓࣔࢹࣝ㸦ไ⣙࠶ࡾ㸧ࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ไ⣙࡞ࡋࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆࡳࡿ࡜㸪ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ┦㛵㸦 㸧ࡀ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ㈇࡛⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞
ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪ᑠᏛ 6 ᖺ⏕㸦 㸧࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ⤫ィⓗ᭷ពᛶࡀኻࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ௚᪉㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ᏛᖺࢆၥࢃࡎከࡃࡢᑻᗘࡀᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋ5 ᖺ⏕㸪6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ୧Ꮫᖺ࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣ㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪ࡢඵࡘࡢᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ไ⣙࠶ࡾࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆぢࡿ࡜㸪඲࡚ࡢ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ┦㛵ࡣ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪᫂░࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡜ࡣ࠸࠼㸪ไ⣙࡞ࡋࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡀ♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛫ࡢ᭷ព࡞┦㛵࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕᫬Ⅼ࡟ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ┦㛵࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ௨ୗࡢ 2 Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ

344- 344 -ձ Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛫ࡢ㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕᫬Ⅼ࡛ࡣ㡹೺࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪
6 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ῶ⾶ࡍࡿ
ղ 18 ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱ᑻᗘࡢከࡃࡣᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜᭷ព࡞┦㛵㛵ಀࢆࡶࡕ㸪ࡇࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀࡣᏛᖺࢆၥࢃࡎほᐹࡉࢀࡿ
ࡇࡢ࠺ࡕձ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᑐ㇟⮬἞యࡢ≉ᚩࡀ཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆᣦ᦬ࡋ࡚࠾ࡁࡓ࠸ࠋ
ᅗ㸱࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒᑐ㇟࡛࠶ࡿ A ᕷࡣ㸪඲ᅜᖹᆒ࠿ࡽぢ࡚୰㹼㧗Ꮫຊᒙࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟ከ࠸⮬἞య࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠿ࡘᑵᏛ᥼ຓཷ⤥⋡ࡣ 1 ๭⛬ᗘ࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࢀࡤ㸪⤒῭ⓗ࡟⿱⚟࡞ᐙᗞࡀẚ㍑ⓗከ࠸ᆅᇦ㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋA ᕷࡢࢱ࣮࣑ࢼࣝ㥐࿘㎶࡟ࡣᏛ⩦ሿࡀᩘከࡃᏑᅾࡋ㸪ᅜ❧࣭⚾❧୰Ꮫࢆཷ㦂ࡍࡿඣ❺ࡶᑡ࡞ࡃ࡞࠸ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ≉ᚩࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿ࡜㸪ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕᫬Ⅼ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ㛫ࡢ᭷ព࡞㈇ࡢ┦㛵㛵ಀ
ࡀ 6 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ᾘ⁛ࡋ㸪௚᪉࡛㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏛᖺࢆၥࢃࡎ᭷ព࡞┦㛵㛵ಀࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ୖ㏙ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟⮬἞య࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪6 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ཷ㦂ࢆぢᤣ࠼࡚Ꮫ⩦ሿ࡞࡝ᏛᰯእᏛ⩦ࡢ᫬㛫ࢆቑࡸࡍඣ❺ࡀከࡃ࡞ࡾ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆྵࡴᏛᰯせᅉࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿ㸦Ꮫ⩦ሿࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡞࠸㸧㸪࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒ࡀാ࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
⾲㸲 2 Ἴࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝָ‫وڅ‬ໝͳ͹૮‫ؖ‬ЎЎࣙ‫״ހ‬৚͹੏‫ޜ‬

ଠं‫״‬৚͹೟எࣙ‫״ހ‬৚͹න‫ݳ‬ࣙ‫ހ‬ϧή͕Γ;ިࠫϧήͳ͹૮‫ؖ‬

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ਈ‫ܨ‬঳ܑ޴

 



 



 







֋๎੓
S S

S

345- 345 -

ᅗ㸳 2 Ἴࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ
ָྙָྙʤঘʥ

ʤঘʥ

‫ࠫޣ‬ָ‫وڅ‬ໝ


ඉ೟எ೵ྙ

ඉ೟எ೵ྙ

ʤঘʥ

ʤঘʥ

‫ࠫޣ‬㸦㸰㸧2 Ἴࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ 㸦㸯㸧࡛ሗ࿌ࡋࡓᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡢ 3 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ 6 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡇ࡛௨ୗ࡛ࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ཬࡧ 5 ᖺ⏕࡟㝈ᐃࡋࡓ 2 Ἴࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥎ᐃࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋศᯒᑐ㇟ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡔࡗࡓඣ❺⣙ 1,350 ྡ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࡣᅗ㸳࡟♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᏛຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ┦㛵ࡣࡑࢀࡒࢀ

ཬࡧ࡛♧ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡟ຍ࠼࡚㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ≉ᚩ࡛࠶ࡿᙳ㡪⤒㊰㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᏛຊЍ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢࣃࢫ㸦 㸧ཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊЍᏛຊ࡬ࡢࣃࢫ㸦 㸧㸪୪ࡧ࡟⮬ᕫࣛࢢ࠿ࡽࡢࣃࢫ㸦 ,㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆሗ࿌ࡍࡿ

ࡇ࡜࡜ࡍࡿࠋ ⾲㸲ࡣ 2 Ἴࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝࢆࡲ࡜ࡵࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋከࡃࡢ᥎ᐃᘧ࡟࠾
࠸࡚Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ㛫࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞┦㛵㛵ಀࢆ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ┦㛵ࡶ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢࡀከ࠸ࠋࡇࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ཮᪉࡜┦㛵ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゎ㔘࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ ⮬ᕫࣛࢢཬࡧ஺ᕪࣛࢢ࡜ࡢ┦㛵࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾ࡃࠋᏛຊ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘ࡜ࡶ࡟⮬ᕫࣛࢢ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡣ㡹೺࡟⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ18 ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ⮬ᕫࣛࢢ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡢ⛬ᗘ࡟㐪࠸ࡀぢࡽࢀ㸪౛࠼ࡤᢸ௵ᩍㅍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠕᏳ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤࠖࡸࠕᏳ඲ᇶᆅࠖࡣ⮬ᕫࣛࢢ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᢸ௵ᩍㅍࡀᏛᖺࢆࡲ
ࡓ࠸࡛ኚࢃࡿࡇ࡜ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࢆᵓᡂࡍ
ࡿࠕ໅ຮᛶࠖࡸࠕ⚄⤒⑕ഴྥࠖ㸪ࠕ㛤ᨺᛶࠖ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⮬ᕫࣛࢢ࡜ࡢ┦㛵ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࡗ
࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡿࠋᑠᏛᰯ㧗Ꮫᖺ࡛ࡣࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕࡟୙Ᏻᐃᛶࡀṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ᏛຊЍ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢࣃࢫ㸦 㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪18 ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘࡢ༙ᩘ࡟࠾࠸࡚⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞᥎ᐃ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪➢ྕࡣࡲࡕࡲࡕ࡛࠶ࡿࠋṇࡢ┦㛵ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ୰ࡢ໅ຮᛶ࡜㛤ᨺᛶ㸪ࡢභ
346- 346 -

ࡘࡢᑻᗘ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௚᪉㸪Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸪እⓗㄪᩚ㸪ࡢ୕ࡘࡢᑻᗘ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚ࡣ㈇ࡢ┦㛵ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ➢ྕࡣඛぢⓗ࡟ண ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡀ㸪࠾࠾ࡴࡡ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝ࠼ࡼ࠺ࠋ 㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊЍᏛຊ࡬ࡢࣃࢫ㸦 㸧࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡞᥎ᐃ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡢࡣභ
ࡘࡢᑻᗘ㸦௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ㸧࡛࠶ࡾ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡶṇࡢ┦㛵ࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ➢ྕ࡜୍⮴ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ
㸳㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋࡓ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ
࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ࠿ࢆ᳨ドࡋࡓࠋA ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ 6 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ⤫ィศᯒࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋ࠶࠺ࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ཮᪉࡜
┦㛵ࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ࠾࠾ࡴࡡ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋᚰ⌮Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ┦஫㛵㐃ᛶࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾධࢀࡓ᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸⤫ィศᯒࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
ᮏ⠇ࡢศᯒࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫㛵㐃ᛶࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡓࣔࢹࣝࡢ୰࡛Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢヨࡳ࡜఩⨨࡙ࡅࡽࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㝵ᒙᛶࢆ⪃៖ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼ࡞࡝㸪᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡣ୙༑ศ࡞Ⅼࡶṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪3 Ἴࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ⤖ᯝ࡛ሗ࿌ࡋࡓࡼ࠺
࡟㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 6 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡿ࡜㸪㏻ሿ➼ࡢᙳ㡪ࡀቑ኱ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡼࡗ࡚ᏛᰯせᅉࡀᏛຊ࡟ཬࡰࡍ
ᙳ㡪ࡀ⦰ᑠࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ௬࡟㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 6 ᖺ⏕ࢆศᯒᑐ㇟࠿ࡽ㝖እࡍࡿሙྜ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿᏛᖺࡣ኱ᖜ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ࡜୰Ꮫᰯࢆࡲࡓ࠸ࡔࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑
⏝ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ୙ྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺࡢඣ❺࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪㧗Ꮫᖺ࡜ྠ➼ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘࢆసᡂࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㞴ࡋ࠸ࠋࡑ࠺࡞ࡿ࡜㸪ศᯒྍ⬟࡞ᑐ㇟ࡣձ
ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࡜ 5 ᖺ⏕㸪ղᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺࡢ 3 Ꮫᖺ㸪ճ୰Ꮫ 1㸪2 ᖺ⏕㸦3 ᖺ⏕ࡣ㧗ᰯཷ㦂ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ᏛᰯእᏛ⩦ࡀቑ࠼ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ㸧㸪ࡢ 3 ✀㢮࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓⅬࢆྵࡵ㸪ṧࡉࢀࡓၥ㢟ࡣ௒ᚋࡢ◊✲ㄢ㢟࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ

໭ᲄ㞞୍㸦㥖⃝኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸰⠇ࡢཧ⪃ᩥ⊩࡜ඹ㏻ࡢࡓࡵ㸪㸰⠇ࡢᮎᑿ࡟ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡚ᥖ㍕ࡍࡿࠋ


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347

- 347 -

㸰⠇ < ┴  ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ
㸯㸬ศᯒࡢ඲యീ
ᮏ⠇ࡢ୺せ࡞┠ⓗࡣ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢኚᩘ㛫࡟᥎ࡉࢀࡿᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ᪉ྥࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡲ࡛㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣከࡃࡢ◊✲࡟ࡼࡗ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ◊✲ࡣ 1 ᫬Ⅼࡢᶓ᩿ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿศᯒࡀከࡃ㸪㛵㐃ࡀࡳࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶኚᩘ㛫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ㸪᫬㛫ⓗ㡰ᗎ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚༑ศ࡟ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ᮏ❶࡛ࡣ㸪ྠ୍ಶேࡢᏛຊࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ」ᩘᮇ㏣㊧ࡋࡓࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ
ᚓࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡢ࠿㸪཮᪉ྥࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟ྵࡵ࡚୧⪅ࡢ㛵ಀࡢ᳨ドࢆࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋ㸯⠇࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪㸰⠇࡛ࡶᘬࡁ⥆ࡁศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ࠾஫࠸࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࠶࠺ࣔࢹࣝࢆ᳨ウࡋ㸪᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ㛵ಀࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ࣔࢹࣝ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ᥎ ࡀ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢ࡛ࡁࡿ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ㸦Cross-lagged Model㸧ࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ࡚㸪ศᯒࢆ⾜࠺(ὀ 1)ࠋ
௨ୗ㸪㸰㸬࡛ࡣࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ㸱㸬࡛ヲࡋࡃࡣ☜ㄆࡍࡿࡀ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪2 ᫬Ⅼศࡋ࠿ධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ᮏ⠇ࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪 1 ᫬Ⅼ┠ࡢᏛຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜࠸࠺ 2 ኚᩘࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ್ࡀ 1 ᫬Ⅼ┠࠿ࡽ 2 ᫬Ⅼ┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୧
ኚᩘࡢኚ໬࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡢ 2 ᫬Ⅼࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸
࡚㸪㸱㸬࡛ヲࡋࡃㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ2 ᫬ⅬࡢᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵ಀศᯒࢆࡍࡿ୰࡛㸪2 ᫬Ⅼ┠ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ㸲㸬࡛᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡋ㸪㸳㸬ࡣࡑࡢ⪃ᐹཬࡧࡲ࡜ࡵ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
㸰㸬ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᴫせ㸦㸯㸧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄝ᫂
ศᯒ࡟ࡣ㸪Y ┴Ꮫຊㄪᰝࡢࢫࢥ࢔㸦IRT㸧㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ㸦ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝ㸧ࡢᅇ⟅ࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡍࡿࠋY ┴࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࡢࡣ 5 ᕷࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ᮏሗ࿌᭩࡛ Y ┴Ꮫຊࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ௚
ࡢ❶࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡾ㸪ᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ 5 ᕷ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪๓㡯࡛㏙࡭ࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ᫬ᮇࡣ 2 ᮇ 2 ᫬Ⅼࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡿࡓࡵ㸪X ┴ A ᕷศᯒࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪3 ᮇ࡟ࢃࡓࡗ࡚ࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝศᯒࡣ⾜࠼࡞࠸ࠋศᯒᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡢࡣ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ 5 ᕷ㸦B ᕷ㸪C ᕷ㸪D ᕷ㸪E ᕷ㸪F ᕷ㸧ࡢ 2017 ᖺ࡜ 2018 ᖺࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿࠋྠࡌෆᐜࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕࠿ࡽ୰Ꮫᰯ 3 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫࢆࡲࡓࡀ࡞࠸ 2 ᮇศࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢಶேࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ձ2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪ղ2017 ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㸪ࡑࡢ㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ձ࡟ᚋ⥆ࡍ
ࡿ 2018 ᖺᗘ࡟㐍⣭ࡋ࡚ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪ղ࡟ᚋ⥆ࡍࡿ 2018 ᖺᗘ࡟㐍⣭ࡋ࡚୰Ꮫ 3 ᖺ⏕࡜࡞ࡗࡓ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ ID ࡛᥋⥆ࡋ࡚సᡂࡋࡓ 2 ᮇࡢࣃࢿࣝ
ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡛࠶ࡿ(ὀ 2)ࠋᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢඣ❺⏕348- 348 -

ᚐࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㸪ྠࡌ㡭࡟⾜ࡗࡓᏛຊㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐ ID ࡛✺ࡁྜࢃࡋ㸪୍ࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋࢹ࣮ࢱᩘ(id ᩘ㸧ࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺1,519 ே㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐ 1,206 ேศ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
Y ┴ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ≉ᛶୖ㸪Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ(㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ)࡜Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣᏛᖺࡀ
␗࡞ࡿ๓ᖺᗘࡢࡶࡢ࡜࡞ࡿࠋᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢆẖᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢆẖᖺ 3᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪࠶ࡿᏛᖺࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡸᡤᒓࡍࡿᏛ⣭ࡢつᶍࡢᙳ㡪ࡣ㸪ḟࡢᏛᖺ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࡍࡄࡢ 4 ᭶ࡢᏛຊ࡜┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋ࠶ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࠋᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢ್ࡀ 1 ᮇ┠࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ୧ኚᩘ
ࡢኚ໬࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆ᳨ドࡍࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ 2 ᮇ┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿᏛຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢኚ໬࡟
࡝ࢀࡔࡅᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ☜ㄆࡍࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪2 ᮇ┠ࡢ 2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜ 2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡢᏛຊ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ␗࡞ࡿᏛᖺ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ᫬⣔ิ㛵ಀࢆᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡶࡢࡀᅗ㸯࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ᫬⣔ิࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡟  ᫬Ⅼࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡜ࡋࡓ࠿࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ḟ㡯ࠕ㸱㸬᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝࠖ࡟࡚ㄝ᫂ࡍࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸯 Y ┴ 5 ᕷࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ᫬⣔ิ㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧
౛࠼ࡤ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢ 2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡣ㸪2018 ᖺ 3 ᭶ࡢᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕⤊┙ࡢ᫬࡟ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㸪ࡑࢀ࡟୍␒㏆࠸᫬ᮇ࡜ࡋ࡚ 2018 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠿ࡽཷࡅࡓᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢫࢥ࢔ࢆ᭷ࡋ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ 2 ᮇ┠ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶㸪ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕⤊┙࡟ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㸪2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶㸪ᑠᏛ 6 ᖺ⏕࡟㐍⣭ࡋ࡚ࡍࡄ࡟ཷ㦂ࡋࡓᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࢫࢥ࢔ࢆ᭷ࡍࡿෆᐜ࡜࡞ࡿࠋ
349- 349 -

ᮏศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᅗ㸯࡛♧ࡍࡼ࠺࡟㸪௚ࡢ❶࡛ࠕXX ᖺᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒࠖ࡜⾲ࡉࢀࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡢᖺᗘ࡜ࡣ᫬Ⅼࡢᩚ⌮ࡢ௙᪉ࡀ␗࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟ὀពࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫᖺࢆࡲࡓ࠸࡛ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡜Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢศᯒࢆ⾜࠺㝿㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᖺࡣ஧ࡘᏑᅾࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡢᏛᖺ࡟ࡇࡔࢃࡗ࡚ࢹ
࣮ࢱࢆᤊ࠼ࡿ࡜㸪Ꮫຊࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜࠺ 4 ᭶࠿ࡽ 11 ࠿᭶ᚋࡢ 3 ᭶࡟ཷࡅࡓඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡛ ᐃࡋࡓ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆྠࡌᮇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢅ࠺ࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟᫬㛫ࡢᕪࡀ࠶ࡾࡍࡂ
ࡿࡓࡵ㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢࣔࢹࣝタᐃࡀṍ㸦ࡺࡀ㸧ࢇ࡛ࡋࡲ࠺ࠋᮏࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᖺᗘ㸦Ꮫᖺ㸧࡜ࡋ࡚⤊┙࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡛ᚓࡓࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㸪⩣ᖺᗘࡢ㐍⣭ࡋࡓᏛᖺ࡛ཷ㦂ࡋࡓᏛຊࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࢆྠࡌᮇࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ᢕᥱࡍࡿࠋ
㸦㸰㸧౑⏝ࡍࡿኚᩘࡢㄝ᫂
Ꮫຊࡢኚᩘࡣ㸪ᑠᏛ 4㹼6 ᖺ⏕ࡣᅜㄒ࡜⟬ᩘࡢ 2 ⛉┠㸪୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡣᅜㄒ࡜ᩘᏛ㸪୰Ꮫ 2㸪
3 ᖺ⏕ࡣᅜㄒ࣭ᩘᏛ࣭ⱥㄒࡢ 3 ⛉┠ࡢᡂ⦼ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ೫ᕪ್໬ࡋ࡚ᖹᆒࡋࡓᚓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᡂ⦼
ࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ㸪ᏛຊࢸࢫࢺࡢⅬᩘࢆ㡯┠཯ᛂ⌮ㄽ㸦IRT㸸Item Response Theory㸧࡛ᶆ‽໬ࡉࢀ
ࡓᚓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋIRT ࡢ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟ࡢ㞴᫆ᗘ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ᚓⅬࡀ௜୚ࡉࢀࡿࡓࡵ㸪␗࡞ࡿࢸࢫࢺၥ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶᏛຊࡢẚ㍑ࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡿⅬࡀ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢኚᩘࡣ㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㉁ၥ㡯┠࠿ࡽྜᡂኚᩘࢆసᡂࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡾ㸪඲㒊࡛ 18 㡯┠࠶ࡿࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ 18 㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᚋᥖࡍࡿグ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦⾲㸯㸪㸰㸧࡟࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍㅍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵ㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕㸦Big Five㸧࡟༊ศࡉࢀࡿࠋឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ୕ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢไᚚ㸪௚⪅ឤ᝟ࡢㄆ▱㸪⮬ᕫឤ᝟ࡢ⾲⌧ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᢸ௵ᩍㅍ
࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢ஧ࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ࡟ࡣ㸪Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪↓Ẽຊឤ㸪ྥ♫఍ⓗ⾜ື㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣୗ఩ᑻᗘࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢᅄࡘࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ
࡟ࡣ㸪ෆⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྠ୍໬ⓗㄪᩚ㸪ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ㸪እⓗㄪᩚࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ஬ࡘ
ࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘࡣ㸪እྥᛶ㸪༠ㄪᛶ㸪໅ຮᛶ㸪⚄⤒⑕ഴྥ㸪㛤ᨺᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ ᐃࡍࡿࡇࢀࡽࡢ㡯┠ࡢヲ⣽࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪➨㸰❶㸰⠇ࠕ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㛵㐃ࡢᴫᛕ࣭ᑻᗘࠖࡢㄝ᫂ࢆཧ
↷ࡉࢀࡓ࠸ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2018 ᖺᗘඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ేࡏ࡚ධᡭࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪2018 ᖺ 5
᭶᫬ⅬࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ 2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶࡟ཷ㦂ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ 2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓㄪᰝ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ධᡭ࡛ࡁࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ
2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྲྀᚓࢱ࢖࣑ࣥࢢࡼࡾ๓࡛᭱ࡶ㏆࠸᫬ᮇࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜࡞
ࡿࠋ2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶᫬ⅬࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡣ㸪2017 ᖺᗘᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜୰Ꮫ 2 ᖺ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ཮᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪᭱ᑠ್ࡀ 24 ே㸪᭱኱್ࡀ 40 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࢥࣥࢺ࣮ࣟࣝኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚
ࡣ㸪ዪᏊࢲ࣑࣮ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢ౑⏝ࡍࡿኚᩘࡢグ㏙⤫ィ㔞࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⾲㸯㸪⾲㸰ࡢ࡜࠾ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ඲࡚ࡢኚᩘࡣ
Ꮫᰯෆ୰ᚰ໬ࡋࡓᩘ್࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

350- 350 -

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ඉ೟எ೵ྙ
ࣙ‫״ހ‬৚͹੏‫ޜ‬

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҈સ‫خ‬ஏ

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㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧
⾲㸰 グ㏙⤫ィ㔞㸦㸰㸧̏‫غ‬໪ʁ೧ౕ஦ָ̏೧ਫ਼

̐‫غ‬໪ʁ೧ౕ஦ָ̐೧ਫ਼

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҈સ‫خ‬ஏ

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ָྙʤࠅ‫ޢ‬ʀ਼ָʀӵ‫ޢ‬͹ฑ‫ ۋ‬,5ඉ೟எ೵ྙ‫״‬৚எ੓ϏʖλψϨτΡָ‫وڅ‬ໝʤ೧఼݆࣎ʥ
ঃࢢξϝʖ





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

㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧

351- 351 -

㸱㸬᥎ᐃࣔࢹࣝ
ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢㄝ࡛᫂㏙࡭ࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Y ┴ࢹ࣮ࢱศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ 2 ᮇศࡢศᯒ࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
๓⠇࡟ᘬࡁ⥆ࡁ㸪2 ᫬Ⅼ௨ୖࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚」ᩘࡢኚᩘ㛫ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆ᥎ᐃ࡛ࡁࡿ
஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ᥇⏝ࡍࡿࠋᮏ❶㸯⠇ࠕ㸰㸬஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡢᴫせࠖ࡟࡚㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ᪤࡟ㄝ᫂ࡀࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡓࡵ㸪ヲࡋ࠸ㄝ᫂ࡣ๭ឡࡍࡿࡀ㸪᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ㛵ಀࢆ᫂♧ⓗ࡟ࣔࢹࣝ࡟⤌ࡳ㎸ࡳ㸪࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ᥎ࡀ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿศᯒࣔࢹ

࡛ࣝ࠶ࡿࠋ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏ㸦ࣛࢢ㸧ຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࡣ㸪᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ㛵ಀࢆࣛࢢ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⾲⌧ࡍࡿࠋᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣཎᅉЍ⤖ᯝ࡜࠸࠺᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ㛵ಀࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᩘᘧ࡛⾲⌧ࡍࡿ࡜㸪௨ୗࡢ᥎ᐃᘧ࡜࡞ࡿ㸦๓⠇ࡼࡾ෌ᥖ㸧ࠋ
=

+

+

=

+

+

ࡣㄗᕪ㡯࡛࠶ࡾ㸪X ࡜ Y ࡢῧ࠼Ꮠࡣ᫬Ⅼࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
๓㡯࡛ㄝ᫂ࡋࡓ㸪␗࡞ࡿᏛᖺ࡛ᐇ᪋ࡉࢀࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺ࡜ඣ❺⏕ᚐㄪᰝࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ᫬⣔ิ㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᩚ⌮ࡋ㸪2 ᮇࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ᩚ⌮ࡋࡓࡶࡢࢆᅗ㸰࡟♧ࡍࠋᅗ㸰 2 ᫬Ⅼࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ

㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧
஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡣ㸪㸦1 ᮇ๓ࡢኚᩘ㸧Ѝ㸦ᙜᮇࡢኚᩘ㸧࡜࠸࠺᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪๓⠇࡟࡚๓ᥖࡢ㏆Ụ࡯࠿㸦2005㸧
㸪㧗ẚⰋ࡯࠿㸦2006㸧㸪す⏣࡯࠿㸦2014㸧㸪୰㡲㈡࡯࠿㸦2018㸧㸪ᩘ⨾㸦2017㸧࡞࡝ࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪2 Ἴ௨ୖࡢࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࡚ศᯒࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ᅗ㸰ࡢศᯒࣔࢹ࡛ࣝࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡢ௦⌮ᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿᏛຊࢸࢫࢺᚓⅬ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࡋྜ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ᝿ᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫㛵ಀ࡟࠶ࡿ࡜᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿ୰
࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊཬࡧ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ♧ࡋࡓࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
352- 352 -

γ1 ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ㸦2018 ᖺ 4 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࡀ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ㸦2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧࡟୚࠼ࡿຠ
ᯝࢆ㸪γ2 ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ㸦2018 ᖺ 4 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࡀ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࢆ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋγ3 ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦2018 ᖺ 3 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࡀ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ㸦2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࢆ㸪γ4 ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦2018 ᖺ 3 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࡀ
2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦2019 ᖺ 3 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ⾲ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
β1 ࡣ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ㸦2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࡀ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ㸦2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶㸧࡟୚࠼ࡿຠ
ᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪β2 ࡣ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍ㸦2018 ᖺ 5 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧ࡀ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㸦2019ᖺ 3 ᭶᫬Ⅼ㸧࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
㸲㸬᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ ᅗ㸰࡛♧ࡋࡓ 2 ᫬Ⅼࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ 1 ᮇ┠࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ࡑࡢ㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆࡑࢀࡒࢀ
࡟ 2 ᮇ┠ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚⤖ྜࡋࡓ୕ࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡟࡚᥎ᐃࡋࡓ⤖ᯝࢆ⾲㸱㸪⾲㸲࡟♧ࡍࠋ᥎ᐃࡍࡿ㝿㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟ࡣ 18 ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊኚᩘࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘᢞධࡋࡓ 18 ࡢศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟
࡚㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ㸦㸯㸧2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ
ࡲࡎ㸪2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛫ࡢ᭷ព࡞┦㛵㛵ಀࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ၏୍㸪ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢゎ㔘ᗘࠕ༠ㄪᛶࠖ࡬ࡢṇࡢᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡀ㸪᭷ពỈ‽ࡣ 10㸣࡟࡜࡝ࡲࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ
࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪18 ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆㄝ᫂ኚᩘࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘᢞධࡋ
࡚᥎ᐃࡋࡓ඲࡚ࡢศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 1%᭷ពỈ‽࡟࡚ࡑࡢṇࡢຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ㐣༙ࡢኚᩘ㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢ୍㒊ࡢኚᩘ࡜ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕ࡢ㐣༙ࡢኚᩘࢆ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ㡯┠࡜ࡋ࡚ᢞධࡋ
ࡓศᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢṇࡢຠᯝࡀ⤫ィⓗ࡟᭷ព࡜ࡋ࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ௚᪉㸪ᢸ௵ᩍㅍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡢኚᩘ࡜୍㒊ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢኚᩘ࡬ࡢ㈇ࡢຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢ඲࡚ࡢኚᩘ࠿ࡽࡢຠᯝࡀ⤫ィⓗ᭷ព࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓ㸦ྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚ࡜እⓗㄪᩚ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㈇ࡢຠᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ㸧ࠋ
㸦㸰㸧2017 ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ
2017 ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛫ࡢ᭷ព࡞┦㛵㛵ಀࡣ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ၏୍㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢୗ఩ᑻᗘ
ࠕྲྀࡾධࢀⓗㄪᩚࠖ࡬ࡢṇࡢᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀ 1%᭷ពỈ‽࡟࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ᑠᏛ⏕ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡜ྠᵝ࡟㸪஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡢศ
ᯒࣔࢹࣝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ 1%᭷ពỈ‽࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠ353- 353 -

ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢ㐣༙ࡢኚᩘ࡬ࡢṇࡢຠᯝࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟
ຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶࡢ 2 ኚᩘ࡜⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢෆⓗㄪᩚ࠿ࡽࡢṇࡢຠᯝࡀ⤫ィⓗ᭷ពỈ‽࡟࡚☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ⾲㸱 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦㸯㸧2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ
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ཱࣙదָसಊ‫ؽ‬㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧


354- 354 -

⾲㸲 ᥎ᐃ⤖ᯝ㸦㸰㸧2017 ᖺᗘ࡟୰Ꮫ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ
ָ‫وڅ‬ໝͳ͹૮‫ؖ‬ࣙ‫ހ‬ϧή͕Γ;ިࠫϧήͳ͹૮‫ؖ‬

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㸦➹⪅సᡂ㸧
㸳㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ
ᮏ⠇࡛ࡣ㸪2 ᫬Ⅼࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝࢆ⏝࠸࡚㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡀ┦஫࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿศᯒࣔࢹࣝࡢ୰࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢ᳨ドࢆヨࡳࡓࠋヨ⾜ⓗ࡞ศᯒ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡘࡘ㸪Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡟࡚ 2017 ᖺ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢ 2
᫬Ⅼࡢ㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜୰Ꮫᰯ 1 ᖺ⏕ࡢ⏕ᚐࡢ 2 ᫬Ⅼࡢ㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ
ࡢศᯒ⤖ᯝࢆᴫほࡍࡿࠋࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽᏛຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀࡎ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࠿ࡽ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ
ࡶࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸯ኚᩘ࡛☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࡢࡳ࡛㸪ࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ࡝ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪࠸ࡎࢀࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ 1 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢᏛຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ㸪1 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࠿ࡽ 2 ᮇ┠ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡬ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ࡯࡜ࢇ
࡝ࡀ 1%᭷ពỈ‽࡟࡚⤫ィⓗ࡟☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣᏳᐃࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡿࡢ࡛㸪௒ᚋ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫㛵ಀࢆ◊✲ࡍࡿ㝿࡟ࡣ㸪᪤࡟⋓ᚓࡋࡓ⬟ຊ࡜௒ࡢ⬟ຊ࡜ࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᳨ドࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ୍㒊ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡛ࡣ㸪ᢸ௵ᩍㅍ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸦Ᏻ඲࡞㑊㞴ሙᡤ㸪Ᏻ඲ᇶᆅ㸧ࡸ୍㒊ࡢ⮬ᚊⓗᏛ⩦ືᶵࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊᑻᗘ࡜Ꮫຊ
ࡢ஫࠸ࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࢆ☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡓࡶࡢࡢ࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪௒ᚋ࡜ࡶᏛຊࡸ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ◊✲355- 355 -

ࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃ࡟ᙜࡓࡗ࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫຊ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ┦஫స⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶὀどࡋ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ᮏศᯒࡣ㝈ࡽࢀࡓࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺ࡛ࡢヨ⾜ⓗศᯒࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࡢゎ㔘࡟ࡣៅ㔜ࢆᮇࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࢹ࣮ࢱࡢไ⣙ୖ㸪2 ᫬Ⅼࡢ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ࠶ࡾ㸪3 ᫬Ⅼࡢศᯒࣔࢹࣝ
࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜ࡑࡢ᝟ሗ㔞࡜⢭ᗘ࡟ຎࡿⅬ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡜Ꮫ⣭ࡢ㝵ᒙⓗ࡞ᵓ㐀ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼ࡓศᯒ࡟ࡣ
⮳ࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸Ⅼ➼㸪ၥ㢟ࡣṧࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡣ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟࡜ࡋࡓ࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡶ⥅⥆ࡋ࡚Ꮫຊ࣭㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ୧ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ㸪ಶேࢆ㏣㊧࡛ࡁࡿᙧ࡛⵳✚ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡣ㔜せ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ⢭ᗘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡢᵓ⠏࡜ࡑࡢศᯒࡀᚅࡓࢀࡿࠋ

ᒸᔱ⿱Ꮚ㸦ி㒔ඛ➃⛉Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㸧㣤⏣ᫍⰋ㸦㏣ᡭ㛛Ꮫ㝔኱Ꮫ㸧ཧ⪃ᩥ⊩㸦㸯㸪㸰⠇ඹ㏻㸧Borghans, L., Golsteyn, B. H., Heckman, J. J., & Humphries, J. E. (2016). What grades
and achievement tests measure. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,
113(47), 13354-13359.
Cunha, F., & Heckman, J. (2007). The technology of skill formation. American economic
review, 97(2), 31-47.
Finkel, S. E. (1995). Causal analysis with panel data (No. 105). Sage.
MacCann, C., Jiang, Y., Brown, L. E., Double, K. S., Bucich, M., & Minbashian, A. (2020).
Emotional intelligence predicts academic performance: A meta-analysis. Psychologicalbulletin, 146(2), 150.
Poropat, A. E. (2009). A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality andacademic performance. Psychological bulletin, 135(2), 322.
㏆Ụ⋹, ᆏඖ❶, Ᏻ⸨⋹Ꮚ, ⛅ᒣஂ⨾Ꮚ, ᮌᮧᩥ㤶, ᷃ῡࡵࡄࡳ, ෆ⸨ࡲࡺࡳ, 㧗ẚⰋ⨾ャᏊ, ᆏඖ᱇, ㊊❧࡟ࢀ࠿, 㕥ᮌెⱑ, ຍ⸨⚈࿃, ᆏඖ᪸, ᆏඖ᪸. (2005). ࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵࢺ
౑⏝࡜᝟ሗά⏝ࡢᐇ㊶ຊࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀ: ୰Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐࡍࡿ 3 Ἴࣃࢿࣝ◊✲. ᪥ᮏᩍ⫱ᕤᏛ఍ㄽᩥㄅ, 29(1), 11-21.
ᩘᐇᾈభ. (2017). Ꮫຊ᱁ᕪࡢ⥔ᣢ࣭ᣑ኱࣓࢝ࢽࢬ࣒࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇドⓗ◊✲――Ꮫຊ࡜Ꮫ⩦ែᗘࡢ཮᪉ྥᅉᯝ࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚――. ᩍ⫱♫఍Ꮫ◊✲, 101, 49-68.
㧗ẚⰋ⨾ャᏊ, Ᏻ⸨⋹Ꮚ, ᆏඖ❶. (2006). ⦪᩿ㄪᰝ࡟ࡼࡿᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ᥎ᐃ――࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࢿࢵ
ࢺ౑⏝࡜ᨷᧁᛶࡢ㛵ಀ. ࣃ࣮ࢯࢼࣜࢸ࢕◊✲, 15(1), 87-102.
୰㡲㈡ᕦ, 㜰⏣ಇ㍜, ᮡᒣె⏕. (2018). య⫱Ꮫ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅ㞺ᅖẼ, ┠ᶆᚿྥᛶ, ⏕ࡁࡿຊࡢᅉᯝ㛵ಀࡢ᥎ᐃ. య⫱Ꮫ◊✲, 17104.
す⏣⿱⣖Ꮚ, ୹ୗᬛ㤶Ꮚ, ᐩ⏣┿⣖Ꮚ, Ᏻ⸨ᐩኈᏊ, ୗ᪉ᾈྐ. (2014). 㧗㱋⪅࡟࠾ࡅࡿ▱⬟࡜ᢚ࠺ࡘࡢ┦஫㛵ಀ: ஺ᕪ㐜ᘏຠᯝࣔࢹࣝ࡟ࡼࡿ᳨ウ. Ⓨ㐩ᚰ⌮Ꮫ◊✲, 25(1), 76-86.
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1 ᅉᯝ㛵ಀ࡜࠸࠺࡜ࡁ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟ࡣཎᅉЍ⤖ᯝ࡜࠸࠺᫬㛫ࡢ๓ᚋ㛵ಀ㸦ࣛࢢ㸭㐜ᘏ㸧ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
2 2017 ᖺᗘ࡟ᑠᏛ 5 ᖺ⏕ࡢඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜㸪㏣㊧ࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡋ࡚ 2018 ᖺᗘ࡟㐍⣭ࡋ࡚ᑠ
Ꮫ 6 ᖺ⏕࡜࡞ࡗࡓඣ❺ࡢࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ㸪2019 ᖺ 4 ᭶ࡢᏛຊࢹ࣮ࢱࡀ୰Ꮫ࡛ࡢᏛຊ
ࢸࢫࢺࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ᑠ୰Ꮫᰯࢆࡲࡓࡄࡓࡵ㸪ศᯒᑐ㇟࠿ࡽእࡋࡓࠋ
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࠾ࢃࡾ࡟
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㸯㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟㸦Ꮫຊ⌜㸧ᮏࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࡣᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᏊ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡸᏛຊ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࠿ࢆᢕ
ᥱࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ㸪Ꮫຊ⌜ࡣ୺࡟Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡜Ꮫຊ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿᙺ๭ࢆཷࡅ
ᣢࡗࡓࠋ┤ឤⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࢀࡤᏊ౪୍ே୍ே࡟ᩍဨࡀ๭ࡅࡿ᫬㛫࡜࢚ࣇ࢛࣮
ࢺࡀቑຍࡋ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢ㛤Ⓨ࣭⫱ᡂࢆຓࡅᏛຊࡶୖࡆࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡿ࡜ண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪༢⣧࡞ᅜ㝿ẚ㍑࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᅜෆእࡢ⢭⦓࡞⤫ィศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓከࡃࡢ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡶ㸪༑ศ࡞⤫ィⓗ㡹೺ᛶࢆᣢࡗ࡚ࡑࢀࢆᣦ♧ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡑࡇ࡛㸪Ꮫຊ⌜ࡣඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ༑ศ࡞ᑐᛂࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㒊ศࢆ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ⿵࠺ᙧ࡛
◊✲ࢆ㐍ࡵࡿࡇ࡜࡜ࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ㸪ࢹ࣮ࢱࡢ㉁࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࡅ⎔ቃ࡟ࣂࣛࢶ࢟ࡸኚ໬ࡀ࡞
࠸≧ἣ࡛㏣㊧࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜㸪༑ศ࡟௦⾲ࡍࡿᩘࡢほ ᑐ㇟ࢆ☜ಖ࡛ࡁࡿࡇ࡜㸪཰㞟࡟೫ࡾࡀ࡞
࠸ࡇ࡜㸪Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿ㔜せ࡞せᅉࡢ᝟ሗࡀḞⴠࡋ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௒
ᅇ㸪ศᯒ࡟౑⏝ࡋࡓ஧ࡘࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡣ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ≉ᐃࡢ⮬἞య࠿ࡽᚓࡓࡶࡢ࡛㸪ඣ❺⏕ᚐࡀ⨨࠿ࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ⎔ቃࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘྠ୍࡛࠶ࡾほᐹᮇ㛫୰ࡶᩍ⫱⎔ቃ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ኱ࡁ࡞ኚ໬ࡣ
㉳ࡁ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓ㸪࡯ࡰ඲ဨࡢඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆྵࡳ㸪࠿ࡘ㸪࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺㄪᰝࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛ከࡃ
ࡢ㏣ຍⓗ᝟ሗࢆᚓࡓ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡶඃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡲࡓ㸪ఱࡼࡾࡶඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆ」ᩘᖺ㛫⦪᩿ⓗ࡟㏣㊧ࡋࣃࢿࣝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆసᡂࡋࡓࡇ࡜࡛⢭ᗘࡢ㧗࠸ศᯒࡀྍ⬟࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋほᐹᮇ㛫๓ࡲ࡛࡟ᙧᡂࡉࢀ࠿ࡘᮇ㛫୰࡟ࡣ࡯ࡰኚ᭦ࡀ࡞࠸Ꮫ
ຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍᗄࡘ࠿ࡢせᅉࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ⏕᮶ࡢ⬟ຊ㸦ᡯ⬟㸧㸪ぶࡢᩍ⫱࡬ࡢࢥ࣑ࢵࢺ࣓
ࣥࢺࡸᏊ౪࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰ㸪ᐙᗞཬࡧᆅᇦࡢᩥ໬㈨ᮏ࡞࡝࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢせᅉࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࢆㄝ᫂ࡍ
ࡿ௚ࡢኚᩘ࡜┦㛵ࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗ࡃ㸪ಶேຠᯝ᥎ᐃ㸪ሙྜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࡣᅛᐃຠᯝ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞ࡅࢀࡤ᥎ᐃ್࡟ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆࡶࡓࡽࡍࠋ
➨㸱❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢᑐ⟇ࢆㅮࡌࡓศᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤖ᯝࡀ୍㈏ࡋ࡚
ほᐹࡉࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ➨㸲❶࡛ࡣ㸪࣐ࣝࢳࣞ࣋ࣝศᯒࢆ㐺ᛂࡋ」ᩘ㝵ᒙࢆ⪃៖ࡋࡓ᥎ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࡀ㸪ࡑࡇ࡛ࡶᏛ⣭つᶍຠᯝࡀ඲࡚ࡢ⛉┠࡛ほᐹ࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞
࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪஺⤡ຠᯝࢆࡶࡘኚᩘࡀḞⴠࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿ᥎ᐃࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡢၥ㢟ࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋࡲࡎ⪃៖ࡋࡓࡢࡣ㸪Ꮫຊࡢศᯒ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣḞ࠿ࡏ࡞࠸࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿᐙᗞࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗᆅ఩㸦6(6㸧࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨㸱❶࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࢀࡤ㸪ᩍဨࡀࡼࡾᡭཌ࠸ᑐᛂࡀྲྀ
358- 358 -

ࢀࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪⏕ᚐࡀ⫼㈇ࡗࡓᐙᗞ⎔ቃࡢࣁࣥࢹ࢕ࢆ㍍ῶ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㱘ṑ㸦࠺ࡋ㸧ࡢ≧ἣ࡜ᐙᗞࡢ♫఍⤒῭ⓗ≧ἣ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀࢆศᯒࡋ㸪୧⪅ࡢ㛫࡟ᙉ࠸㛵ಀࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ☜ㄆࡋࡓࠋṑࡢ≧ἣࡣ㸪6(6 ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃぶࡢᏊ౪࡬ࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࢆ཯ᫎࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㱘ṑࡢ᳨ᰝࡣ඲ᅜᑠ୰㧗➼Ꮫᰯ࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡇࢀࡽ
ࡢ㏻ᖖධᡭ࡛ࡁ࡞࠸᝟ሗࡢ᭷ᮃ࡞௦⌮ኚᩘ࡜࡞ࡾ࠺ࡿࠋḟ࡟᳨ウࡋࡓࡢࡣ⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࡢຠᯝ㸪┦ᑐᖺ㱋ຠᯝ㸪࡛࠶ࡿࠋከࡃࡢඛ⾜◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᏛຊࡢỴᐃせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡢᏑᅾࢆ☜ㄆࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࢆ፹௓ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆ⪃࠼ࡿሙྜࡣ㸪⏕ࡲࢀ᭶ࢆྵࡲ࡞ࡅࢀࡤḞⴠኚᩘࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋຍ࠼࡚㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡼࡾࡶᣑᙇࡉࢀࡓࡼࡾ」㞧࡞ࣔࢹࣝࢆᙜ࡚ࡣࡵࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡶ᳨ウࡋࡓࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ㐣⛬ࡣ」㞧࡛༢⣧࡞᥎ᐃᘧࡔࡅ࡛ࡣᤊ࠼ࡽࢀ࡞࠸࠿
ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ᛮࢃࡏࡿཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡣ㸪Ꮫᰯࡸᩍဨࡢᑐᛂࡢኚ໬࡛࠶ࡿࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢኚ᭦࡟ᑐᛂࡋ࡚ᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨ࡀኚࢃࡗࡓࡾᩍဨࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡸ㈇Ⲵࡀኚ໬ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ㧗࠸ࠋ➨㸳❶࡜➨㸴❶࡛ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞࿘ᅖࡢ཯ᛂࢆ⪃៖ࡍࡿᚲせᛶࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡜Ꮫຊࡢ୧᪉࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼㸪࠿ࡘᚋ⪅ࡢ஧ࡘࡣ᫬㛫ࢆ⤒࡚ᙳ㡪ࡋ࠶࠺࡜࠸࠺
஺ᕪࣛࢢࣔࢹࣝࢆ㐺⏝ࡋ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟࠿ࡘከ᪉㠃࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪ࢆᢕᥱࡋࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ศᯒࢆヨࡳ࡚ࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᏛຊ࡟୚࠼ࡿຠᯝࡀ඲࡚ࡢഃ㠃࡛ほᐹࡉࢀࡓࢃ
ࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ
௨ୖࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸࡚㸪௒ᚋ࡟ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟ࢆ㆟ㄽࡋࡓ࠸ࠋࡲࡎ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀ㠀㐃⥆ⓗ࡟⏕ࡌࡿྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪඲࡚ࡢ᥎ᐃ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ 1 ḟ㡯࠶ࡿ࠸
ࡣ 2 ḟ㡯ࢆ⏝࠸࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡣ࠶ࡿỈ‽ࡲ࡛ࡣຠᯝࡀ࡞࠸ࡀࡑࢀࢆ㉺࠼࡚ᑠࡉࡃ࡞
ࡿ࡜㣕㌍ⓗ࡟ຠᯝࢆ⌧ࡍࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ໭Ḣㅖᅜ࡛ࡢᏛ⣭つᶍࡀ᪥ᮏ࡜ẚࡋ࡚ᴟ➃࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ࡜㸪つᶍࡢ⦰ᑠ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ᚎࠎ࡟ຠᯝࡀ⌧ࢀࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡶࡢ࡛
ࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪୍ᣲ࡟㸪౛࠼ࡤ 15 ேつᶍ࡟ⴠ࡜ࡋࡓሙྜ࡟ึࡵ࡚㢧ⴭ࡞ኚ໬ࡀ⌧ࢀࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࡇࡢつᶍ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㠀㐃⥆ᛶࡣ㸪ඛ࡟㆟ㄽࡋࡓࡼ࠺࡟ᩍဨࡢᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡢኚ໬ࢆకࡗ
࡚ึࡵ࡚ຠᯝࢆⓎࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ࡶࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋつᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸ሙྜࡣࡑࢀ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ᥇⏝ࡋ㸪つᶍࡀ࠿࡞ࡾᑠࡉࡃ࡞ࢀࡤᩍ⫱᪉ἲࢆ኱ࡁࡃኚ᭦ࡋ࡚ຠᯝࢆୖࡆࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡩ࠺࡟㸪つᶍ࡟㐺ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡞࠸㝈ࡾຠᯝࡀ㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ➨㸵❶࡟♧ࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ 2 ஌㡯ࢆྵࢇࡔ᥎ᐃᘧࡢᗄࡘ࠿࡛ࡣ㸪᥎ᐃࡉࢀࡓ᭱㐺つᶍࡀ࡯ࡰ⌧ᅾࡢᖹᆒ್
࡟➼ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪⌧≧ࡢつᶍ࡟ᛂࡌࡓᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡀᐃ╔ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪ࡑࡇ࠿ࡽࡢ✺↛ࡢኚ᭦ࡣᩍ⫱᪉ἲࡢ୙㐺ྜࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ ࠋࡶ࠺୍ࡘࡢㄢ㢟ࡣ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡛౑⏝ࡉࢀࡓᏛຊࡢᣦᶆ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡇࡇ࡛ࡣ㸪୺࡟▱㆑⋓ᚓ㔞ࡸ⩦ᚓỈ‽ࢆ

ࡗࡓヨ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࢆ౑⏝ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡼ࠺࡞Ꮫ⩦ࡣẚ㍑ⓗつᶍࡢ⤒῭ᛶࡀാࡁࡸࡍࡃつᶍࡢ኱ࡁ࡞Ꮫ⣭࡛ࡶᡂᯝࡀᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࠋᑠつᶍᏛ⣭ࡀࡼࡾຠᯝ
359- 359 -

ࢆⓎ᥹ࡍࡿࡢࡣ㸪㏆ᖺ㔜どࡉࢀጞࡵ࡚࠸ࡿㄢ㢟᥈ồᏛ⩦࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄢ㢟Ⓨぢࡸㄢ㢟ゎỴ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࡸࣉࣞࢮࣥࢸ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊ࡞࡝ࢆ⫱ᡂࡍࡿሙྜ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ
ࡉࡽ࡟㆟ㄽࢆ㐍ࡵࢀࡤ㸪ᩍ⫱ࡣࡼࡾከࡃࡢ▱㆑ࢆ⩦ᚓࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡢࡳࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡶᙉㄪࡋ࡚࠾ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ᪥ࠎࡢᏛᰯ⏕ά࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢘
࢙ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡸ⏕ᾭࢆ㏻ࡌ࡚ᖾ⚟࡟㈉⊩ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࡞ࡅࢀࡤ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᅇࡢᏛຊ⌜ࡢ◊✲ࡣ㸪ṧᛕ࡞ࡀࡽࡑࢀࡽࢆᤕᤊࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋ௒ᚋࡣ㸪࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢ
ࢆᤕᤊࡍࡿᣦᶆ࡜㐺ษ࡟ᢕᥱศᯒࡍࡿᡭẁࡢ㛤Ⓨࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪⏕ᾭࢆ㏻ࡌࡓᖾ⚟࡬ࡢ㈉⊩ࢆィ ࡍࡿ࡟ࡣ㛗ᮇⓗ࡞㏣㊧ㄪᰝࡶᙉࡃồࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
᭱ᚋ࡟௒ᅇࡢࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺ࡛ࡶ⤒㦂ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ⤂௓ࡋ㸪௒ᚋࡢㄪᰝࡢᅾࡾ᪉࡟㛵ࡍࡿ୍ࡘࡢᥦゝࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸ࠋᮏㄪᰝ࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓ㱘ṑࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪Ꮫᰯ࡟ࡣᏊ౪ࡢ೺ᗣࡸయ
ຊᐃࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᒓᛶࡸ⤒㦂࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㈨ᩱࡶṧࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡣࡎ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

ࡉࡽ࡟㸪Ꮫᰯᇶᮏㄪᰝࡸᕷ⏫ᮧࡢ♫఍⤒῭≧ἣ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ⤫ィࡶ࣐ࢵࢳࣥࢢࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡽࡢࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⧅㸦ࡘ࡞㸧ࡂྜࢃࡏࡿࡇ࡜࡛㸪ࡇࢀࡲ࡛࢔ࣥࢣ࣮ࢺ➼࡛ࡣධᡭ࡛
ࡁ࡞࠿ࡗࡓṇ☜࡞᝟ሗࢆྵࢇࡔࢹ࣮ࢱࢭࢵࢺࡀᵓ⠏࡛ࡁࢀࡤ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᡂ㛗࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼ࡿせᅉࡸࡑࡢᵓ㐀ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ◊✲ࡀࡇࢀࡲ࡛࡟࡞࠸ᗈࡀࡾࢆᣢࡘྍ⬟ᛶࡀᏑᅾࡍࡿࠋ                           ௧࿴ 5㸦2023㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ࠕᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ Ꮫຊ⌜௦⾲⪅ ᯇ⦾ ᑑ࿴㸦㧗ᯇ኱Ꮫ㸧
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360

- 360 -

㸰㸬ࡲ࡜ࡵ࡜ṧࡉࢀࡓㄢ㢟㸦㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜㸧௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺࡢඣ❺࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ྛ✀㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࡀṇࡢ᪉ྥ࡟ಁ㐍ࡉࢀࡿഴྥࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡜ᴫᣓ࡛ࡁࡼ࠺ࠋ࡜
ࡾࢃࡅ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢ 3 ࠿ᖺ࡟ࢃࡓࡿ᫬⣔ิⓗࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ₯ᅾᡂ㛗᭤⥺ࣔࢹࣝศᯒ࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ඣ❺ࡢᢸ௵ᩍᖌ࡬ࡢឤ᝟ⓗែᗘ㸪཭ே࡜ࡢ㛵ಀ㸪ឤ᝟▱ᛶ㸪ྥ♫఍ᛶ㸪⮬ᑛឤ᝟㸪Ꮫ⩦ືᶵ࡙ࡅ➼࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒ᖺⓗ࡞ఙࡧ㸦ୖ᪼㸧ࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿഴྥࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪฾┠㸦࠿ࡘࡶࡃ㸧࡟್ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ ➨㸰❶㸯⠇࡛ࡩࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢᏛᰯ⏕ά࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࡣ㸪୺࡟ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡸᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪ཬࡧᏊ౪ྠኈࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάືࢆ
㏻ࡋ࡚ࡶࡓࡽࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢຠᯝࡣ㸪ᇶᮏⓗ࡟Ꮫ⣭ᢸ௵ไ࡛ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡿᑠᏛᰯඣ❺࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࠸࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ୍᪉㸪ᩍ⛉ᢸ௵ไࡢ୰Ꮫᰯ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡑࡢຠᯝࡀከᑡ࡜ࡶῶẅࡉࢀ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᏛᰯ
࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿ࡯ࡰ඲᫬㛫ࢆඣ❺ࡀྠ୍ᩍᖌࡢୗ࡛⏕άࡍࡿᑠᏛᰯࡢᏛ⣭㐠Ⴀ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᑠࡉࡉࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜ඣ❺࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶཬࡧࡑࡢᩍᖌࡢୗ࡛ࡢᏊ౪㞟ᅋࡢάື➼࡟ࡼࡾಁ㐍ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋ㸪⤖ᯝⓗ࡟ࡑࢀࡀ✀ࠎࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᅉᯝ
ࡢ㐨➽ࡀ᥎ᐹࡉࢀࡿࠋ ࠸ࡉࡉ࠿ࢫ࣮࣌࢟ࣗࣞࢩࣙࣥ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟ࡣ࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡽࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ⪃࠼ᚓࡿࡢࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡀࡼࡾ⃰ᐦ࡞ࡶࡢ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢຠᯝࡀࡼࡾ኱ࡁ࠸ࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ⌧ᅾ㸪ᯫࡅᶫࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢᵓ
⠏➼㸪ᗂಖᑠ᥋⥆ࡢᅾࡾ᪉ࡀ┒ࢇ࡟ၥࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀ㸪㸦↓ㄽ㸪ඣ❺ᮏே࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㉁ၥ⣬ㄪᰝࡀᚲࡎࡋࡶᐜ࡛᫆ࡣ࡞࠸ᑠᏛᰯపᏛᖺẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚᪉ἲㄽୖࡢᕤኵࡣᚲせ࡟࡞ࢁ࠺ࡀ㸧௒ᚋࡣ㸪ࡼࡾపᖺ㱋ࡢᏊ౪ࢆᑐ㇟࡟ࡋࡓᏛ⣭つᶍࡢᙳ㡪࡟㛵ࢃࡿㄪᰝࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶ
ồࡵࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ ࡲࡓ㸪௒ᅇ㸪༑ศ࡟ศᯒ࡛ࡁࡓ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸ࡀ㸪X ┴ A ᕷࡢᑠᏛᰯᩍဨ࠿ࡽᥦ౪ࡉࢀࡓ
ࢹ࣮ࢱ࠿ࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸࡯࡝㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ⛬ᗘࡀ㧗࠸ഴྥࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ
ࡓⅬ࡟ࡶ╔┠ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡶࡑࡶ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㆟ㄽࡣ㸪つᶍࡢ኱ᑠࡀ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢㄆ▱࣭㠀ㄆ▱ࡢㅖ⬟ຊ࡟࠸࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡋᚓࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ㸪ᩍᖌࡢປ
ົୖࡢ㈇ᢸ㸪ᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣ㸪࣮࣡ࢡ࣭ࣛ࢖ࣇࣂࣛࣥࢫ➼࡟࠸࠿࡟⤡ࡳᚓࡿ࠿࡜࠸࠺どᗙ࠿ࡽࡶ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚ࡁࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ෌☜ㄆࡋ࡚࠾࠸࡚ࡋ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋᏛ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉࡀ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ㐣㔜࡞㈇ᢸ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡾ㸪ࡑࢀࡀᚰ㌟ࡢ೺ᗣ➼ࢆ⬣࠿ࡋ㸪ࡲࡓ⫋ົ࡟ᑐࡍࡿືᶵ࡙ࡅࢆపୗࡉࡏ
ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡼ࠺࡞ࡇ࡜ࡀ࠶ࢀࡤ㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓどⅬ࠿ࡽࡶ㸪㐺ṇ࡞Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ࠸࠿࡯࡝ࡢࡶࡢ࠿㸪⢭⦓࡟᳨ウࡉࢀࡿᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡇࡢࡇ࡜ࡣᐇࡢ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡜ࡢ⤡ࡳ࡛ࡶ㔜せࡔ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋ➨㸰❶㸯⠇࡛ࡩࢀࡓ࡜࠾ࡾ㸪ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤࡀ௨๓ᐇ᪋ࡋࡓ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ኱つᶍㄪᰝࡢ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽࡣ㸪ᩍᖌࡢᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢపࡉࡸ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡢ㧗ࡉࡀᏊ౪ࡢ
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ྛ✀㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢᣦᶆ࡜ṇࡢ㛵㐃ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡀሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ(℈ཱྀ, 2018)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࡇ
࡜࠿ࡽ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡢࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ᑠࡀ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡸ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆ௓
ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋᚓࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࣉࣟࢭࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᩍᖌࡢ࣓ࣥࢱ
ࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡸ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡣ㸪ᩍᖌ࡜Ꮚ౪࡜ࡢ㛵ಀᛶࡸᏛ⣭ࡢឤ᝟㢼ᅵࢆᕥྑࡍࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ⌮ㄽⓗ࡟ᙉࡃ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡟㸪௒ᚋࡣ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓࣉࣟࢭࢫࡢᐇドⓗ᳨ウࡶヲ⣽࡟㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡃᚲせࡀ࠶ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ௒ᅇࡢㄪᰝ⤖ᯝ࠿ࡽ㸪ࡶ࠺୍ࡘ௜ゝࡋ࡚࠾࠿࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ᑠᏛᰯ㧗Ꮫᖺඣ❺࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪┦ᑐⓗ࡟ከࡃᏛ⣭つᶍ࡜㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢྛ✀ᣦᶆ࡜ࡢ㛫࡟㛵㐃ᛶࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀࡓ࡜ࡣ
ゝࡗ࡚ࡶ㸪ࡑࡢ㛵㐃ᛶࡢලయⓗ࡞୰㌟࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ㸪ࢧࣥࣉࣝ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࠿࡞ࡾ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶
ࡗࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋX ┴ A ᕷ࡜ Y ┴ 5 ᕷ࡜ࡢ㛫ࡢ㐪࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡣඖࡼࡾ㸪㸦௒ᅇ㸪ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡣ♧ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࡀ㸧Y ┴ 5 ᕷࡢ㛫࡟ࡶᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎ㐪࠸ࡀ࠶ࡗࡓ࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ
ࡇ࡜࠿ࡽᙜ↛㸪⪃࠼࡞ࡃ࡚ࡣ࡞ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ㄪᰝࡢ୰࡛ࡣኚᩘ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠸㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦࡢᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࢃࡿ≉Ṧ࡞஦᝟ࡀ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀࡶࡓࡽࡋᚓࡿᙳ㡪࡟」㞧࡟ㄪᩚຠᯝࢆࡶ
ࡓࡽࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺ྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋಖㆤ⪅ࡢᩍ⫱࢔ࢫࣆ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡸᚲࡎࡋࡶ㔠㖹㠃ࡢᢞ㈨࡟཯ᫎࡉࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗ㛵ࢃࡾ㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᏛ⩦ሿ➼࡟㝈ᐃࡉࢀ࡞࠸ᐙᗞእ࣭Ꮫᰯእ࡛
ࡢᏛ⩦ᶵ఍ࡢከࡉ࡞࡝㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ኱ࡁࡉ࠿ࡽ୍⯡ⓗ࡟⏕ࡌᚓࡿ㈇ࡢຠᯝࢆ⦆࿴࣭ῶẅࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞≉Ṧ࡞せᅉࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᆅᇦ࡟≉␗࡞ᙧ࡛Ꮡᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋ ࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ㸪ලయⓗ࡟࡝ࡢࡼ࠺࡞せᅉࡢ㛵୚ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࢀࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓ
ࡵࡢ㸪ᆅᇦࡢ≉Ⰽ࡟┠ࢆྥࡅࡓ⢭⦓࡞㉁ⓗ࢔ࣉ࣮ࣟࢳࡶᮏ᮶㸪࠶ࡗ࡚ࡋ࠿ࡿ࡭ࡁ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ
ࡑࡋ࡚㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ㉁ⓗ᳨ウ࠿ࡽᾋ࠿ࡧୖࡀࡗ࡚ࡁࡓᗄࡘ࠿ࡢせᅉࢆ㸪௒ᚋ㸪㔞ⓗ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄪᰝࡢ୰࡟ලయⓗ࡟┒ࡾ㎸ࢇ࡛࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺᪉㏵ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡲࡓ㸪ᆅᇦࡢ≉␗ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚㛵୚ࡋᚓࡿせᅉࡀ࠶ࡿ⛬ᗘ㸪⤠ࡾ㎸ࡲࢀࡓ࡜ࡍࢀࡤ㸪ࡑࡢ▱ぢ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁࡘࡘ⌮ㄽⓗࢧࣥࣉࣜࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀ࡟≉Ⰽࡢ࠶ࡿ」ᩘᆅᇦࢆࢱ࣮ࢤࢵࢺ࡜ࡍࡿㄪᰝࢆィ⏬ⓗ࡟ᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶᵓ᝿ࡋ࡚ࡼ࠸࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡓࡔ㸪ࡑࡢ㝿㸪ࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚
␗࡞ࡿㄪᰝ㡯┠ࡀタᐃࡉࢀ࡚࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ᙜ↛㸪ศᯒ⤖ᯝࡢព⩏ࡀ༙ῶࡋ࡚ࡋࡲ࠺ࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ࡑࡢព࿡࠿ࡽࡍࢀࡤ㸪௒ᚋ㸪⾜ࢃࢀࡿㄪᰝ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ㄆ▱࣭㠀ㄆ▱࡟࠿࠿ࢃࡽࡎ㸪ྍ⬟࡞㝈ࡾ㸪ඹ㏻ࡢㄪᰝ㡯┠ࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ ࡶࡗ࡜ࡶ㸪ᮏ᮶㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓᩍ⫱ࡢຠᯝ᳨ド࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪RCT㸦ࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ẚ㍑ヨ㦂㸧ࢹࢨ࢖ࣥ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡃேⅭⓗ࡞௓ධᐇ㦂ࡀ⌮᝿ⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࡲ࡛ࡶ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ேⅭⓗ࡟ࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ඣ❺⏕ᚐࢆᑠᏛ⣭࡜኱Ꮫ⣭࡟᣺ࡾศࡅ࡚ࡢຠᯝ᳨ドࡣ㸪ᑡ࡞ࡃ࡜ࡶ᪥ᮏ࡟࠾࠸࡚
ࡣ㸪೔⌮ⓗどᗙ࠿ࡽࡋ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟ᅔ㞴࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ゝࢃࡊࡿࢆᚓ࡞࠸ࠋࡑ࠺ࡋࡓព࿡࡛ࡣ㸪࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕ࣐࢖ࣔࢽࢹࢫࡢἲ๎ࠖ࡟ᚑࡗࡓ⮬↛ᐇ㦂㸪ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕᏛ⣭ࡢᅾ⡠⪅ᩘࡀ୍ᐃᩘࢆ㉺࠼ࡓẁ㝵࡛Ꮫ⣭ࡀ 2 ศ๭ࡉࢀࡓ஦౛ࢆࢹ࣮ࢱ࡜ࡍࡿศᯒ➼ࡀຌࢆዌࡍࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡶࡕࢁࢇ㸪ࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ᪤࡟᪥ᮏ࡛ࡶ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾ㸪㈗㔜࡞▱ぢࢆᑡ࡞࠿ࡽࡎᥦ౪ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࢃࡅ࡛
࠶ࡿࡀ㸪⌧≧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᪥ᮏ඲య࡛⤌⧊ⓗ࡟ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ஦౛ࢆ༶᫬ⓗ࠿ࡘ⥙⨶ⓗ࡟ᢕᥱࡋ㸪ࡑࢀࢆㄪᰝ࡟☜ᐇ࡟⤖ࡧࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡼ࠺࡞యไࡣᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡛ࡣ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ཬ
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ࡧᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤ➼ࡀ୰ᚰ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚㸪ࡑ࠺ࡋࡓ⤌⧊ⓗ࣭య⣔ⓗ࡞ㄪᰝࢆྍ⬟࡞ࡽࡋࡵࡿ
యไࢆᵓ⠏ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀ௒ᚋࡢ᭷ᮃ࡞㑅ᢥ⫥ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚࠶ࡿࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ ↓ㄽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ㸪ᵝࠎ࡞ᩍ⫱ⓗ࡞᪋⟇࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ⎔ቃ➼ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㛗ᮇⓗ࡟ࡘࡲࡧࡽ
࠿࡟ࡍࡿࡓࡵࡢ኱つᶍ࡞㛗ᮇ⦪᩿ࢥ࣮࣮࣍ࢺㄪᰝࡀៅ㔜࡟᳨ウࡉࢀ㸪ᅜᐙつᶍ࡛ᐇ⌧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮏ᮶㸪᭱ࡶ┿ᦸ࡟᳨ウࡉࢀࡿ࡭ࡁㄢ㢟࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣゝ࠺ࢆಗ㸦ࡲ㸧ࡓ࡞࠸ࠋᗂᑡᮇ
࠿ࡽࡢ✀ࠎࡢᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࢃࡿኚᩘࢆ┒ࡾ㎸ࢇࡔయ⣔ⓗ࡞⦪᩿◊✲ࡀ㸪⌧ᅾ㸪ᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ 21 ୡ⣖ฟ⏕᫬⦪᩿ㄪᰝ࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿࡃࡽ࠸ࡢつᶍ࡛㸪㏆࠸ᮍ᮶࡟ᒎ㛤ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀษ࡟ᮃࡲࢀࡿ࡜ࡇࢁ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ ᭱ᚋ࡟㸪௒ᅇ㸪Ṧ࡟ᑠᏛᰯ 4㹼6 ᖺ࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢᑠࡉࡉࡀඣ❺ࡢྛ✀㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟ಁ㐍ⓗ࡞ᙳ㡪ࢆࡶࡓࡽࡋᚓࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆぢ࡚ྲྀࡗࡓࢃࡅ࡛࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ࡑࢀࡀࡑࡢࡲࡲ㸪㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᮃࡲࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ᥦゝ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿ
ࢃࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋඛ࡟ࡶࡩࢀࡓࡼ࠺࡟㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊࡢⓎ㐩ࢆᨭ࠼ಁࡍ㸪Ꮫᰯෆ࡛ࡢࡼࡾᮏ㉁ⓗ࡞せᅉࡀ㸪ᩍᖌ࠿ࡽࡢ㛵ࢃࡾࡸᩍᖌ㸫ඣ❺࣭⏕ᚐࡢ㛵ಀᛶ㸪ཬࡧᏊ౪ྠኈࡢ
㛵ಀᛶࡸ㞟ᅋ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢάື➼࡛࠶ࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢ㉁ࢆࡶࡗ࡜┤᥋ⓗ࡟ᘬࡁୖࡆᚓࡿࡼ
࠺࡞᪉㏵ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪㈝⏝ᑐຠᯝࡢⅬ࡛㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺ᨻ⟇ࡼࡾࡶࡍࡄࢀࡿ࡜࠸
࠺ྍ⬟ᛶࡶᙜ↛㸪ྰࡵ࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣࡲࡓ㸪ᩍᖌࡢ࢙࢘ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࢆ㧗ࡵࡿ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜࡟
ࡋ࡚ࡶ㸪ᩍᖌࡀᢸᙜࡍࡿᏛ⣭つᶍࢆᑠࡉࡃࡍࡿࡇ࡜௨ୖ࡟㸪ຠᯝⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡀ࠶ࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞
࠸ࠋࡑࡢព࿡࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ኱ࡁ࠸≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪Ꮚ౪ࡢㄆ▱࣭㠀ㄆ▱࡟㛵ࢃࡿ✀ࠎࡢຊࡀ㧗Ỉ‽࡛⫱ᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡼ࠺࡞஦౛㸪࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᩍᖌࡢ࣓ࣥࢱࣝ࣊ࣝࢫࡸ࢙࢘
ࣝࣅ࣮࢖ࣥࢢࡀⰋዲ࡞≧ែ࡟⥔ᣢࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ஦౛➼࡟╔┠ࡋ㸪ほᐹࡸ㠃᥋࡞࡝ࡢ᪉ἲࡶ㥑౑ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽ㸪ࡑࡇ࡟㛵ࢃࡿせᅉࢆ⢭⣽࡟᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡶᚲせ࡞ࡢࡔࢁ࠺ࠋࡑࡢୖ࡛㸪᫬࡟ࡣ࢔ࢡࢩ࣭ࣙࣥࣜࢧ࣮ࢳ࡞࡝ࡶ⾜࠸࡞ࡀࡽ㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡢ᧯స࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝ࡜㸪ࡑࢀࡽࡢせᅉ࡟ࡼࡾ┤᥋࡟ാࡁ࠿ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃ᪋⟇࡟ࡼࡿຠᯝࢆ㸪ៅ㔜࡟ẚ㍑᳨ウࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀồࡵࡽࢀࡼ࠺ࠋ ⌧≧࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Ꮫ⣭つᶍࡀ㸪Ꮚ౪࡟ᑐࡍࡿᩍ⫱ཬࡧᏊ౪ࡢᚰ㌟Ⓨ㐩࡟࠸࠿࡟ᙳ㡪ࡍࡿ࠿㸪ᮍゎ᫂࡞ࡇ࡜ࡣᴟࡵ࡚ከ࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪࡞ࡐゎ࡛᫂ࡁ࡞࠸ࡢ࠿㸪ࡑࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉࡣᑡࡋࡎࡘ࡛ࡣ࠶
ࡿࡀ☜ᐇ࡟ぢ࠼࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡶゝ࠼ࡿࠋ௒ᚋࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ㜼ᐖせᅉࢆ୍ࡘࡎࡘࢡࣜ࢔ࡍ࡭ࡃ᪉ἲ
ୖࡢᨵၿࢆ㔜ࡡ㸪୰㛗ᮇⓗどᗙࢆᣢࡗ࡚㸪ᆅ㐨࡟╔ᐇ࡟ㄪᰝࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⵳✚ࡋ㸪ከゅⓗ࡟ゎᯒࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ                           ௧࿴ 5㸦2023㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶ࠕᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ࠖ㠀ㄆ▱⬟ຊ⌜௦⾲⪅ 㐲⸨ ฼ᙪ㸦ᮾி኱Ꮫ㸧363- 363 -

ᩍဨࡢ㓄⨨➼࡟㛵ࡍࡿᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇド࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲ ሗ࿌᭩௧࿴ 5㸦2023㸧ᖺ 3 ᭶Ⓨ⾜⪅ ᅜ❧ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇◊✲ᡤఫ ᡤ ࠛ100-8951 ᮾி㒔༓௦⏣༊㟘ࡀ㛵3㸫2㸫2
㟁 ヰ 03-6733-6833㸦௦㸧༳ࠉๅࠉᰴᘧ఍♫ࣈ࣮ࣝ࣍ࢵࣉ

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