HTT29-01

Room:101B

Time:May 24 09:00-09:15

Spatio-temporal variations of AMSR-E Soil Moisture in Shanxi Province, China
SUN, Mei1∗ ; AI, Likun2 ; KAIHOTSU, Ichirow3 ; KONDOH, Akihiko4
1

Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 2 Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chiness Academy of Sciences, 3 Graduate
School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, Hiroshima University, 4 Center for Environment Remote Sensing, Chiba University

Variability of soil moisture is closely connected to the earth surface conditions and climate change. Satellite remote sensing
is an effective measure to know soil moisture in large area for long periods of time. AMSR-E(Advanced Microwave ScanningRadiometer of EOS) is a passive sensor which provides timely, long-term informations on land hydrology. In this study, ourpurpose is to validate AMSR-E(ver. koi531) soil moisture dataset using ground-based soil moisture data set, and also we analyze
the spatio-temporal variations over Shanxi Province in China. The validation results suggested that the quality of AMSR-E
soil moisture estimation was good although some region slightly overestimated soil moisture. In space, AMSR-E soil moisture
showed increasing tendency from northwest to southeast in this areas. In time, the high soil moisture content mostly were foundin summer(July, August, September). We also found timing of APHRODITE’s daily precipitation event corresponded to AMSRE soil moisture variation very well.
Keywords: soil moisture, AMSR-E, validation, ShanXi Province

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HTT29-02

Room:101B

Time:May 24 09:15-09:30

Study on variation of farming calendar with agricultural produce
YU, Jiang1∗ ; SHEN, Yanjun2 ; KONDOH, Akihiko3
1

Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, 2 Chiness Academy of Sciences, 3 Center for Environment Remote Sensing,
Chiba University

Introduction
Water cycle process play an important role on agriculture. Irrigation water takes 70%˜80% of the world’s water consumption.
In order to evaluate the volume of agricultural water, farming calendar is variable. Especially in the North China Plain, where thesecond area plain in China, show 42% of the irrigation area in whole China. On the other hand, water resources for one person
is only 15%. So water management is necessary for agriculture in a long time. The object of this study is to clear the farming
calendar of the main agricultural produce,and also find variation of crop in the secular change.
Data and method
PAL(Pathfinder?Advanced?Very?High?Resolution?Radiometer?Land?Data?sets) dataset contain the AVHRR channels 1, 2, 4,
5 and NDVI. The space and time resolution are 8km, 10 days. There are 36 seasons data. In this study, we extract winter wheat
NDVI pattern by using PAL NDVI from 1982 to 2000.
SPOT vegetation dataset is from Spot 4 and 5 that can observe the land surface vegetation condition. It’s 10 days composite
maximum NDVI. Space and time resolution are 1km, 10days. We also extract winter wheat NDVI pattern from 1999 to 2012 byusing SPOT NDVI.
The meteorologic data of the province of North China Plain can be free downloaded from China Meteorological Data Sharing
Service System. which used to discussion the variation of farming calendar.
SRTM(Shuttle?Radar?Topography?Mission) is DEM(Digital?Elevation?Model) data, produced by NASA(National?Aeronautics?and?SpDLR(Deutsches?Zentrum?fur?Luftund?Raumfahrt) and ISA(Italian?Space?Agency) in 2000. Based on the geography of North
China Plain, we validate the distribution of winter wheat.
In the field research, we set 60 training points, through the information we extract the season NDVI pattern of the land use.
Depend on season features, we can confirm the farming calendar and winter wheat area.
ResultSowing and harvest season of winter wheat on farming calendar were changed every years. From 1982 to 2012, space andtime variation of winter cheat area is cleared. In recent decades, we also found the area of winter cheat is decreasing.
Discussion
In autumn, average temperature, average precipitation with the change of winter wheat seeding season have positive correlation. In spring, average temperature is increasing but no obvious variation with precipitation. Because of more evaporationin spring, more water was used for agriculture . Most irrigation water is from groundwater in North China Plain, it cause thegroundwater level down, ground sinking and so on. Water shortage problem can be thought a main reason on delay of grow andharvest. However Chinese Government start South-to-North Water Diversion Project in 12 Dec 2014. In the future, we will havemore research on the influence on farming calendar.
Compared the result of winter cheat area and statistics data, they agree with each other very well. The results obtained bysuperposing the elevation data, winter cheat area can be found in the plain.
Summary
As one of the most famous agricultural produce in China, North China Plain have remarkable water shortage problem. In
this study, firstly, we used satellite remote sensing to summarize farming calendar in North China Plain. Secondly, we extracted
winter wheat area by the season PAL and SPOT NDVI pattern in 30 years.
Keywords: North China Plain, farming calenda, winter wheat, water shortage

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HTT29-03

Room:101B

Time:May 24 09:30-09:45

Generation of the data selection information for PALSAR focused on the geographic feature
INOUE, Yuta1∗ ; SEKINE, Daiki2 ; KUWAHARA, Yuji3
1

Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2 Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ibaraki University, 3 Center for Water Environment Studies, Ibaraki University

The objective of this study is to propose the SAR data selection support information using digital elevation model. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data is very useful for earth observation at the time of a natural disaster because it’s possible toobserve without depending on the weather.
At present, analytical data is selected by using the orbit distance and weather condition in an observation date. But the analysis
precision falls at the territory a microwave doesn’t reach by the topography condition. So, we proposed generation method of thedata selection support image using a slope direction and a hill shade image. The results of this study were as follows;(1)It was generated that new data selection map which is informed the area of shielded and reflected using a slope direction
and a hill shade image.
(2)We were found that in the region microwaves is reflected, it can be observed within the range of the nominal elevation value.
And in the region microwave is shielded, it existed the area that cannot be observed in a range of nominal elevation.

Keywords: SAR, data selection support information, slope direction map, hillshade map

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HTT29-04

Room:101B

Time:May 24 09:45-10:00

Flood simulation using SRTM and GDEM in Da Nang and BINDIN province, Viet Nam
KAWASHIMA, Ryojun1∗ ; KUWAHARA, Yuji1
1

Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University

The objective of this study is to propose the correction method of the DEM data used for a flood simulation. SRTM and GDEM
are the data which is generally used in the area where high-resolution DEM isn’t generated. In this study, we proposed the datainterpolation method focused on the data level shift and the data corruption. First, the correction effect was confirmed based on
the SD of elevation data and topographic effect. And we simulated Vietnam country Da Nang city and BINDIN Ministry andmade sure of influence to a flood simulation.
Keywords: DSM, SRTM, GDEM, Flood simulation, DEM

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HTT29-05

Room:101B

Time:May 24 10:00-10:15

Spectral measurement of bamboo grass for identification of damage area by deer
ISHIBASHI, Ryu1∗ ; YOSHIDA, Tomohiro1 ; KUNIYUKI, Sato1 ; TOMITA, Suzuka1 ; NONAMI, Yoshiaki1
1

Hokkaido University

These days, especially in Hokkaido, the damage of plants by deer is increasing. In Nakagawa research forest of Hokkaido
University, from 1998 the number of deer which are found by persons and the nuber of damaged area is increasing. It is difficult
to find the damage of plants by walk since usually such damage occurs in deep forest. Even if the damage was found it is often
too late to recover. In oder to establish the method of its finding by satellite remote sensing, we measured the spectrum of bamboo
grass, main food of deer, under different conditions. In this presentation we introduce the preliminary results of these groundmeasurements.
Keywords: deer, bamboo grass, remote sensing

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HTT29-06

Room:101B

Time:May 24 10:15-10:30

Estimation of deer feeding damage area by remote sensing
YOSHIDA, Tomohiro1∗ ; ISHIBASHI, Ryu1 ; KUNIYUKI, Sato1 ; TOMITA, Suzuka1 ; NONAMI, Yoshiaki1
1

Hokkaido University

The damages to the forests caused by deer has become serious issues all over the Japan. Especially in Hokkaido, the amountsof agricultural damages by deer exceeded more than one hundred million yen in 1976. Deer area is spreading and along withit, its abundances are increasing these years. However, we don’t have the specific way to know its exact range of habitats andabundances except for counting the captured number by traps or hunting now. And also, though natural forests account for
68 percent of all forests in Hokkaido, research for its damages is more difficult than artificial forests, so we don’t know how
the damages become worse. The final goal of this study is to classify forests into damaged or not ones by using the spectral
information from image data taken by Landsat.
We did two approaches for that. First, we estimated the feeding damages from the change in each year of the underlying
distribution of sasa (bamboo grass). It is because feeding damages occur when deer finish eating all sasa in forests. In thisresearch, we used one mixed pixel which includes both sasa and betula ermanii areas for estimating ratio of sasa area in the pixel.
Second, we distinguished feeding damages directly from spectral change of forests in snow season. In this research, we usedthe data of area which is damaged or not. The data come from direct investigation of feeding damage of Hokkaido university
Nakagawa Experimental Forest and we examined the differences in spectral changes by using the photo data taken by 830
nanometers. In research of sasa, we gauged the spectrum of sasa grasslands, betula ermanii forest, sasa and betula ermanii mixed
forest in Teshikaga. Then we estimated the percentage of sasa in sasa and betula manii mixed forest Mixel to be 64% from others.
This was almost the same as the percentage that was estimated from a higher resolution of Google earth’s three colors image.
And in snow season research, we search for Landsat-5TM images in February 11th in 1989, March 17th in 1990, March 31st in
1992, March 13th in 1997 ,March 7th in 2004 of the three areas, damaged area in Nakagawa Experimental Forest, non-damaged
area in Tomamae, the field covered with snow in Nakagawa. We found that the amount of change in each year of the damaged
area is larger than non-damaged one.

Keywords: deer, damage, remote sensing

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HTT29-07

Room:101B

Time:May 24 10:30-10:45

Development and demonstrations of a new mobile power source: Examination and demonstration of DMFC for remote monitoring
YAMASHITA, Masahiro1∗ ; MAEDA, Kensaku1 ; KATSUMA, Yoshiyuki1 ; KITAMURA, Kota1 ; SONODA, Kazutaka2 ;NAGAFUCHI, Osamu3 ; FUJIMOTO, Masamitsu4 ; FUKAGAWA, Ryoichi4
1

TOYOBO CO., LTD., 2 MIYUKIELEX CO., LTD., 3 the University of Shiga prefecture, 4 RITSUMEIKAN UNIVERSITY

Abstract
This work explores the potential of direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) as power source for off-grid remote monitoring sitewhere commonly battery, solar battery, or generator is applied. In direct methanol fuel cell, methanol and oxygen react catalytically to produce electricity. We have developed a mobile DMFC system with a 5/10L methanol cartridge allowing 5/10kWh ofpower supply at any locations. For instance, continuous 82 days operation without exchanging any fuel cartridge is possible fora 10L cartridge and average 5W power consumption, and 41 days for 10W likewise. This feature enables us to widen possibilityof any kind of off-grid observations where currently available electricity is limited. We will report the operational results of the
DMFC system at various environments in both laboratory and field, and proved that the system was applicable to wide range of
remote monitoring.
Introduction of the DMFC system
Consider the outline of the system shown in Fig.1. The DMFC serves as the charger of a lead acid battery that the DMFC
always maintaining the battery voltage to be preset range. In this system, the DMFC is activated only the battery voltage reachedits lower switching threshold voltage, and then automatically stopped at its higher voltage. Consequently, just the same amount of
power consumed by any connected devices is charged up. Therefore, a feature of the DMFC system is quite efficient utilization
ratio of fuel, unlike conventional generators, that the fuel is not wasted, elongating operation period. Residual products of the
DMFC system are heat and water which are utilized as a means to sustain the system at cold and heat environment.
Experimental and results
In order to investigate usability of the DMFC system in remote region, it should sustain even at quite harsh environments. So
the DMFC system was tested at the temperature between -20 and 40 degree C, and also in a decompression chamber of 0.7atmosphere of which oxygen partial pressure is similar to that of 3000m altitude. In addition, the DMFC systems were installedat various remote sites such as Yakushima island, Kiyomizu temple, and Tanakami mountain in Japan. At Kiyomizu temple,
the DMFC system was connected to the monitoring system of pore water pressure in soil layer running by RITSUMEIKANUNIVERSITY. Fig.2 shows its long term operation result of the battery voltage and temperature around the DMFC system. All
the data were corrected every 20 minutes. Blue dot lines indicate switch on and off voltage of automatic battery charging. During
the 650 days, the DMFC system stably supplied power to the pore water pressure monitoring system except the timing when afew parts were added or exchanged from necessity.
We would discuss more details including other examples of demonstrations. Also, we would discuss potential and limitationof the DMFC system.
Keywords: power supply, fuel cell, remot monitoring, DMFC

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HTT29-07

Room:101B

Time:May 24 10:30-10:45

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HTT29-08

Room:101B

Time:May 24 11:00-11:15

Research on the extent of lead pollution in Kabwe, Zambia
FUJTIA, Shigeru1∗ ; ISHIBA, Yurino1 ; NAKAHARA, Masato1 ; MATSUBARA, Chisato1
1

Hokkaido University

The lead pollution in Zambia is becoming serious. The research for the extent of the pollution has been carried out only in thelimited area by walk. The purpose of this study is to identify the polluted area broadly with satellite remote sensing. We compare
the spectrum of polluted plants in laboratory with the spectral information around Kabwe, Zambia taken by satellites, Landsat-7
and 9. Here we show the results of laboratory experiment and the preliminary analysis of satellite data.
Keywords: Zambia, lead pollution, remote sensing

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HTT29-09

Room:101B

Time:May 24 11:15-11:30

Extraction of Mangrove distribution area on Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar
YAMAZAKI, Masatoshi1∗ ; ISHIUCHI, Teppei2 ; KUWAHARA, Yuji3
1

Department of Urban and Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ibaraki University, 2 National Institute of Technology,
Akashi College, 3 Center for Water Environment Studies, Ibaraki University
The objective of this study is to improve of the extraction accuracy of mangrove area on Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar. Global
warming and sea-level rise are projected to affect seriously on low-land area. Recently, the mangrove forest is important todecrease the damage which is received from storm surge and sea-level rise. Therefore, in this study, it was proposed that the
mangrove extraction process which is combined geographic analysis and growing characteristics.
Keywords: Short Wavelength Infrared Region, multi band data, myanmar, mangrove

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HTT29-10

Room:101B

Time:May 24 11:30-11:45

Tests of Acoustic Tomography in Lake Biwa, Japan
AOTA, Yasuaki1 ; AUGER, Guillaume1 ; WELLS, John1∗ ; KANEKO, Arata2 ; GOHDA, Noriaki2
1

Ritsumeikan University, Dept. Civil Eng., 2 Hiroshima University

We report results from early tests in a lake of Coastal Acoustic Tomography (CAT), a form of remote sensing that characterizes
average sound velocity along the paths of sound transmission between acoustic transducers. The tests were perfomed at water
depths of 12 m or less, near Nagahama in the North Basin of Lake Biwa, Japan. Two 5kHz omnidirectional transducers were
deployed, with three acoustic cycles per bit of a randomized M-sequence of various order. A first successful test was achieved at atransducer separation of 7km under stratified conditions on Sept 24, 2014. Water depths were 8 and 6.3 m at the two transducers,which were positioned 2m above the bottom. SNR between 5 and 15 was observed for the first peak of the correlation waveformfor ”arrival time”, and no clear secondary peak was observed. At this depth, the water temperature varied rapidly with depth
at the tranducer positions. A second successful test was performed on Jan 30 2015 under unstratified conditions, at transducer
separations of 3.8 and 6.2 km and water depths around 10m. The latter tests obtained SNR around 30 for the main correlation
peak, with clear secondary and, sometimes, tertiary peaks. At the conference, we hope to present results from further tests that
aim to characterize the minimum depth that permits an acceptable SNR. To our knowledge, these are the first reported tests todemonstrate the applicability of CAT in a Lake.
Keywords: Acoustic Tomography, Lake Biwa

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HTT29-11

Room:101B

Time:May 24 11:45-12:00

Application of satellite data to identification of water-bloom area
UCHIMURA, Kanata1∗ ; SAITO, Ryosuke1 ; SATO, Sakura1 ; SEKIKAWA, Yuhi1 ; TERAOKA, Tomomi1 ;TONAMI, Mai1
1

Hokkaido University

In order to monitor plague of water-bloom we plan to establish the methodology of its identification using spectral image dataobtained by satellites. We succeeded in estimating the ratio of water-bloom area within a pixel. Also we make measurement ofspectrum of water-bloom in laboratory and compare them with satellite data.
Keywords: water-bloom, remote sensing

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HTT29-12

Room:101B

Time:May 24 12:00-12:15

Development of trophic state index monitoring method in the lakes using Landsat-8 data
SAKUNO, Yuji1∗
1

Hiroshima University

An economical and a simple method is desired as a presentation tool of water quality information in lakes for public people
from administration in recent years. Water quality monitoring using satellite data is expected as such tool. But the example
for which satellite data is used continually is very little as a water quality monitoring tool in lakes of our country. There were
problems of the spatial resolution, the repeat cycle and the sensitivity to the water as this reason. The nutritional state of thelakes in our country is generally estimated by environmental index of the total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) etc., but
the water quality parameter which can be estimated from a satellite is limited to chlorophyll a (Chl.a) and suspending substance(SS) etc. On the one hand, there is a method called the modified trophic state index (M-TSI) from Chl.a, TN, and TP in the lakes(Aizaki et al., 1981).
So the method by which automatic calculation and mapping of TSI using Landsat-8/OLI data with sensitive (12bit) and the highspatial resolution (30m) launched in February, 2013 was developed by this research. Lake Shinji and Lake Nakaumi (Shimane
and Tottori prefectures in Japan) as test sites, were chosen. The 15 scenes from April, 2013 to July, 2014 were used for satellite
data. At first, LCI (Linear Combination Index) method (Frouin et al., 2007) known as a simple atmospheric correction algorithm
for ocean color sensor was used for Chl.a estimation from OLI data easily. The OLI band 2 , band 3. and band 5 were selected
as the bands of LCI method. The -1 and 0.3 were set as the Angstrom index which indicates wavelength-dependence of aerosol.
On the other hand, M-TSI was calculated from a relationship between Chl.a, TN, and TP in our country made separately. Afterthe simple Rayleigh scattering correction was conducted, a target area was extracted from header information on Landsat-8 datausing the programming function of the Matlab software (MathWorks Inc.). Finally, the automatic mapping system that TSI isestimated via Chl-a from LCI was developed. The characteristic of TSI distribution indicates the very high value in the westernpart of Lake Shinji in particular.

Keywords: satellite, Landsat, eutrophication, lake, monitoring

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