授 業 展開例

４技能統合型の授業スタイル

SkillOverview
Comprehension

順序立てて述べる

Skill 6

順序立てて述べる

Use the Skills
1

You may often see the word “ Stop ” in long letters on the road. The longletters make it easy for drivers to read them while driving.
一連の出来事や手順などを含むまとまった情報を述べるとき，順序立てて述べるようにしましょう。伝えたい情報をまず箇条を保ちながら，整理された情報を積み上げて理解していくことができます。いくつの情報について述べるのか，例えば There

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it, it may sound like “ da.”First(ly) (第一に，最初に) / Second(ly) (第二に) / Third(ly) (第三に) / Next (次に) / Then (それから，そのThis is called the McGurk Effect. Your auditory sense is being

influenced by visual information.

あとで) / Lastly (最後に) / Finally (最後に)Another is the tactile illusion. If you rub a hard material like tennis racket strings between

To begin with (第一に，最初に) / First of all (まず第一に) / In the first place (まず第一に)

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your hands, it may feel soft, like velvet. This is called the Velvet Hand Illusion.
These illusions are used often in real life. The “ Stop ” road sign is one. They are used in many1other ways, such as information signs in train stations. They are interesting and have theJournalists can function in three different ways. Firstly, they can act as ‘ servants ofthe state ’ reporting only news that supports those in power. Secondly, they can act as

potential to improve our lives.

10＊Ponzo Illusion：ポンゾ錯視 Ebbinghaus Illusion：エビングハウス錯視 McGurk Effect：マガーク効果‘ observers ’ reporting only what they see as the objective facts. Thirdly, they can act asthey think are wrong or mistaken.

2Velvet Hand Illusion：ベルベットハンド錯覚

15‘ watchdogs ’ demanding that powerful people explain their actions and criticizing policies that

Q1：Put the appropriate answers from a. to c. in each blank to explain how to create the Ebbinghaus
Illusion.
First, draw ①(). Then, around one of them, draw②(). Finally, around the other circle, draw ③().
This picture is called the Ebbinghaus Illusion. The first two circles
you drew are the same size, but one appears to be larger.

A psychologist studied short-term memory in rats using a cage. It had three doors with alight in each door. First, a rat was placed in the closed cage. Next, one of the lights was

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turned on and then off. There was food for the rat only at this door. After the light was

TopicsIntroduction

1 optical illusions

a. two circles of the same sizec. smaller circles

experiment many times.

3

More than 8,000 volunteers picked up over 89 tons of litter from Hawaii’s beaches

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3 another example:

the Fick Illusion)c. Optical illusions have been used in structural designs.
)
102)

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4 a three-dimensionalcrosswalk design

6 some ( 9)in optical illusions③ Finally, [].

c. people often couldn’t find an elevator located in a blind spot
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→ help people go in the right ( 7Conclusion].

→ people can’t often find it
・a three-dimensional sign painted on the floor

c. Oppel-Kundt Illusion② Second, [b. those looking for an elevator were sent in the right direction) in a blind spot in a train

sign in a station

5 a three-dimensional].

a. people found a guiding optical illusion painted on the floorstation

3

What is the correct order of events for the way an optical illusion was used in a train station?
① First, [the vertical line looks longer than the horizontal one⇔ the lengths of both lines are the ( 5・an elevator ( 6to 3 below.

b. A room which uses an optical illusion looks better than it really is.

・a house with a high ceiling→ a room look more ( 41

Choose one fact mentioned in the passage.

a. Optical illusions are mainly used to assist people with disabilities.
10・the Fick Illusion:

2

2 Answer the following questions from1

the horizontal line closer to the top looks ( 34b. Delboeuf Illusion5)⇔ two horizontal lines are the same lengthb. larger circles

a. Müller-Lyer Illusionc. Optical illusions are not effective because people seldom notice them.
5→ the garden’s surface look level and ( 2・the Ponzo Illusion:

1

Q2：Choose one of the following optical illusions and write an English explanation using Q1 as a guide.
Then explain it to your group members in English while drawing the picture.

yesterday. What kinds of items did they find?

b. Optical illusions have a large variety of practical uses.

・the garden at Ryōanji

the Ponzo Illusion

turned off, the rat had to wait for a short time before it was released from its cage. Then, if itwent to the correct door, it was able to eat the food that was there. The psychologist did thisa. Optical illusions are interesting to tell your friends about.
)used in our daily lives

2 one example:

Body

1 What is the main idea of the passage?

Outlines
・optical illusions: how our eyes can be ( 1授業展開例

watch someone’s mouth making the “ ga ” sound, but listen to the “ ba ” sound when they pronounce

Comprehension

1 Choose the most appropriate word from the list below to fill in each blank.

段落ごとの内容を整理した後は，まとめの問題に取り組みます。内
容確認の問題ながら，入試を意識した実戦的な問題形式になっています。

However, there are other illusions too. For example, let’s look at the auditory illusion. If you

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Potential Uses of Optical Illusions

Overview
Structure

Ebbinghaus Illusion are a couple of the most famous.

are three reasons. First, 〜 などあらかじめ方向性を示しておくと，全体像を意識しながら理解を進めることが可能です。

順序を表す表現

LESSON 1

This is called an optical illusion. Illusions like the Ponzo Illusion and the

書きにするなど整理し，以下のような表現を利用して順序立てて並べます。このようにすれば，読み手や聞き手は情報の一貫性

読解 Skill を学びます。
全ての Skill にペア / グループワー
ク型の活動ができる問題も用意しております。

特長

番号 〜 の順番に指導していただくことで，それぞれの単元を効果的にお使いいただけます。の指導後は次の Skill に進みます。

４技能５領域をバランスよく用いた，一貫した授業スタイル。
一貫した授業スタイル
FLEX シリーズの一貫した授業スタイル。

3

Which of the following is a limitation of optical illusions written in the passage?

a. They become less effective when people adapt to them.

)20b. They depend on the angle from which they are viewed.

・at an intersection with no traffic lights

c. They are interpreted in different ways by different people.

three-dimensional crosswalk designs→ in order to ( 8) traffic accidents

3 The purposes of using the optical illusions in the passage can be put into two categories. Choose the・the power of optical illusions: limited⇔ it might be possible to find useful ( 10appropriate option for the purposes of two types.

20) of25

optical illusions

butts were removed. Secondly, plastic litter, which nature cannot break down, is also aA

problem. For example, bags, wrappers, straws, caps, and cups made of plastic are eyesores.
25E

1servant [s�ːrvnt]

state [stéit]observer [əbz�ːrvər]objective [əbdʒéktiv]

3

litter [lítər]cigarette [síɡərèt]
butt [b�t]wrapper [rǽpər]wooden [wúdn]
staircase [stéərkèis]sewing [sóuiŋ]3

break down 〜

2straw [str�ː]

located / deeper / limitations / tricked / same / prevent /C

longer / applications / direction / spacious

Oppel-Kundt[άpel kúnt] Illusion：オッペルクント錯視

short-term [ʃ�ːrtt�ːrm]W

optical [ά(ː)ptikl]
illusion [ilúːʒ n]auditory [�ːdət�ːri]
pronounce [prənáuns]tactile [tǽktl]rub [r�b]
string [stríŋ]velvet [vélvət]

E1eyesore [áis�ːr]eWB＊Müller-Lyer[mjúːlər láiər] Illusion：ミュラーリヤー錯視 Delboeuf[delb�ːf] Illusion：デルブーフ錯視

unusual items such as a small wooden staircase and a sewing machine were also found.

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visual [víʒu l]a. ①：Make space bigger②：Show something important, or to be carefulb. ①：Show the artistic beauty②：Surprise peoplec. ①：Prevent traffic accidents②：Make something easy to findd. ①：Make something look more spacious②：Attract people’s attention

eThirdly, glass bottles were also common. When broken, they are dangerous. Moreover,a couple of 〜

make 〜 of . . .

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Topic Task
Final Task

Before Reading

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LESSON 1

Potential Uses of Optical Illusions

Topic Task
1

Final Task
1

Choose the best explanation for each picture. (You may choose twice.)

These are examples of optical illusions that we can see in our daily lives. In groups, each choose a
different picture and explain how the optical illusion is used.

⑴

⑵

⑶

BC

⑷

a. The Fick illusion:
The vertical line appears to be longer than the horizontal line.

5DE

b. 3D painting:A three-dimensional figure is created on a two-dimensional surface.
c. The Ponzo illusion:
The horizontal line closer to the top looks longer than the line below it.

2

Choose one of the above examples of optical illusion and explain how it is used.

3

Read the following article and make a list of its advantages and disadvantages. Then write down andshare your opinion with your partner.

10〈Photo〉〈Explanation〉

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2
5

Find another example of the illusion on the Internet and explain the example to your group. After each
student has explained the example, decide which example your group will introduce to the class.
Also, think about why you chose that example.

〈Photo〉
advantages:

disadvantages:〈Explanation〉

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opinion:vertical [v�ːrtikl]
horizontal [h�ːrəzά(ː)ntl]
slim [slím]
colorful [k�lərfl]
planner [plǽnər]18

LESSON 1

wall is slightly higher at its northern end. These factors
create an optical illusion that makes this surface lookdeeper. This effect is the same as the one seen in the Ponzo

Look at the illustration below. What do you see? Some

5 In the Fick Illusion,
the length of thehorizontal line is() that of thevertical one.

Optical illusions() our eyes.
1people might see a rabbit facing to the right, while others

a. useb. seec. trickmight see a duck facing to the left. This illustration showshow our eyes can be tricked, what is called an opticalを読み，側注の問題で内容確認を行います。
脚注には W( 新出単語 )・E( 重要表現 )・G( 重要文法事項 ) がまとめられています。

illusion.

Such illusions have been used in various ways

which we can see in our daily lives.

2 Structural designs
often incorporate().

The karesansui at the Zen temple Ryōanji

3 The optical illusion
at Ryōanji makes thesurface look() although itinclines.

3Figure 1: An example of thePonzo Illusion

6 The Fick Illusion canmake a room look more().

Second, another optical illusion can be seen in the picture

below, which shows the interior of a house that appears tohave an extremely high ceiling. The effect is caused by the10Fick Illusion (Figure 2), in which the vertical line seems
longer than the horizontal line despite their lengths being
precisely the same. Using this effect can make a room look
more spacious than it actually is.

The rabbit-duck illusion

2

First, one example is the manner in which they have

Look at the illustration below. What do you see? Some people might see arabbit facing to the right, while others might see a duck facing to the left.
This illustration shows how our eyes can be tricked, what is called an opticalillusion. Such illusions have been used in various ways which we can see in5
our daily lives.
First, one example is the manner in which they have historically been
incorporated into structural designs. The karesansui (dry landscape) garden
at the Zen temple Ryōanji in Kyoto illustrates such a use. Its surface may
look completely level, but actually, it inclines towards the garden’s southeast corner. Also, the west-side earthen wall is slightly higher at its 10
northern end. These factors create an optical illusion that makes thissurface look deeper. This effect is the same as the one seen in the Ponzo
Illusion (Figure 1), in which the horizontal line closer to the top looks longer
than the line below it, even though the two are exactly the same length.
Second, another optical illusion can be seen in the picture below, which 15
shows the interior of a house that appears to have an extremely high ceiling.
The effect is caused by the Fick Illusion (Figure 2), in which the vertical line
seems longer than the horizontal line despite their lengths being precisely thesame. Using this effect can make a room look more spacious than it actually20
is.
Third, another technique employed recently is to create, on a twodimensional surface, the appearance of a three-dimensional object. In one
train station, for instance, people are frequently unable to find an elevator
located in a blind spot. To assist them, a sign that appears to be threedimensional is painted on the floor. The sign is of significant help in sending 25
people in the right direction.
Last, they can be used at an intersection with no traffic lights. Crosswalk
designs that look three-dimensional have been painted on some roads toprevent traffic accidents. From the viewpoint of approaching drivers, it looks
like large concrete blocks are in the road. Hopefully, drivers will slow down 30
when they see them, before nearing the crosswalk.

historically been incorporated into structural designs. The
karesansui (dry landscape) garden at the Zen templeRyōanji in Kyoto illustrates such a use. Its surface may

10

look completely level, but actually, it inclines towards theillustration [ìləstréiʃ n]historically [hist�ːrikəli]

structural [str�ktʃ r l]e ee

WAlso, the west-side earthen
landscape [lǽndskèip]

illustrate [íləstrèit]
incline [inkláin]earthen [�ːrɵn]l. 9 karesansui (dry landscape) garden 枯山水

204E

l. 4 what is calledGl. 7 First, one example is the manner in which they have historically been incorporated into structural designs.

A house whose ceiling appears extremely highfactor [fǽktər]l. 10 Fick [fík] Illusion フィック錯視

Figure 2: An example of the Fick Illusion

Wnorthern [n�ːrðərn]interior [intí riər]

El. 4 close to 〜Gl. 9 The effect is caused by the Fick Illusion (Figure 2), in which the vertical line seems longer than the horizontal line
despite their lengths being precisely the same.

egarden’s south-east corner.

Potential Uses of Optical Illusions

Rapid Reading

本文を見開き１ページでまとめ，速 読や音読が 行えます。また，
QR 音声でリスニングの練習にもお使いいただけます。
最 後 に TRUE OR FALSE で 内 容を振り返ります。

a. longer thanb. the same asc. shorter than

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LESSON 1

top looks longer than the line below it, even though the twoare exactly the same length.

で学んだ Skill を活用して本文

4 What is the name ofthe optical illusion
used to make a surface
look deeper?

Illusion (Figure 1), in which the horizontal line closer to the5Questions
1

Rapid Reading

Potential Uses of Optical Illusions

Potential Uses of
Optical Illusions

Give a presentation about the example your group chose.

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spacious [spéiʃəs]

5Digital本文Questions

319

Of course, the power of optical illusions is limited. It cannot make agarden larger, nor can it make a ceiling higher. Over time, a crosswalk
painted to appear three-dimensional will lose its effectiveness in preventing
accidents. Drivers will come to realize that what they are seeing is just anillusion. Nonetheless, with such limitations kept in mind, it should bepossible to find an even wider variety of useful applications of opticalillusions.
total words 435
min.

TRUE OR FALSE

1. ()

2. ()

3. ()

4. ()

5. (sec.

)

1. The karesansui garden uses the same type of optical illusion as the Ponzo Illusion.
2. In the Fick Illusion, the upper line looks longer than the lower line, even though they are the same length.

l. 8 appear to do[be]21

次の Skill へ

指 導 用 Data

Topic Task では本文内容に関する資料の読み取り / 聞き取りを行います。英作文や意見の交換，発表などの問題も設けてあります。
Final Task ではさらに広い視 野で物事を考え，活動に取り組むことができます。

関連教材

A

リスニング音声で Lesson 本文の導入を行います。

紙面紹介

To begin with, cigarette butts were the most common on the beaches ― about 126,200

3. Drivers believe without a doubt that three-dimensional crosswalks on streets are real concrete blocks.
4. Optical illusions can make gardens larger and also ceilings higher.
5. In spite of their limitations, optical illusions have the potential to be effectively used in wider ways.

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