2016 Catalog
Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology
Power Supplies, Integrated Sources and X-ray Tubes

Shielded X-ray
Tubes andPower Supplies

Microfocus X-ray
SourcesRadiation Shielded
X-ray Tubes

Glass X-ray Tubes
with Window

Compact Integrated
X-ray Sources

April / 2016

Integrated X-ray
SourcesX-RAY2016 Catalog
April 2016

Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology is a global leader in the design and manufactureof integrated X-ray solutions. Our products range from integrated X-ray sources to highvoltage power supplies and individual X-ray tubes featuring high stability, high X-ray flux
and small spot sizes.
For more than 30 years, Oxford Instruments has been the best choice for analytical, industrial and medical original
equipment manufacturers who demand the highest quality X-ray solutions.
This catalog should be used as a general guide for our products. The drawings in the datasheets are typical. Please ask us
for the exact outline drawings and detailed specifications of the products.
If you do not see the product you are looking for in this catalog, please ask us about it!

ISO 9001:2008 Certified and RoHS Compliant

2 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Solving Customer Specific Issues Since 1980

TECHNOLOGY
2016 Catalog
Table of Contents

Integrated X-ray Sources
Scafell Pike Integrated X-ray Source

4

Trinity 80kV, 33μm, 40 Watt Integrated X-ray Source

6

UltraBright 96000 Series 90kV Microfocus X-ray Source

8

Nova 96000 Series 90kV Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source

12

Radiation Shielded X-ray Tubes
Pinnacles 50kV Microfocus X-ray Source

16

Neptune 5200 Series Water-Cooled Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

18

Jupiter 5000 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

20

Apogee 5500 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

22

Potted X-ray Tubes
3000 Series 30kV X-ray Tube

24

Glass X-ray Tubes
1000 Series Glass X-ray Tube

26

1500 Series Glass X-ray Tube

28

1501 Series Glass X-ray Tube

30

1550 Series Glass X-ray Tube

32

Power Supplies
Shasta Series X-ray Tube Power Supply

34

AppendixComplete Listing of X-ray Tubes, Integrated Sources and Cables

36

Conditioning Procedure Application Note

42

X-ray Spectra Application Note

43

Operating Range Application Note

46

X-ray Tube Packaging Application Note48

Beryllium Window Application Note

49

Filament Life Application Note50

Shielding Application Note

52

Heat Management Application Note

55

X-ray Fluorescence Periodic Table

57

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 3

Integrated X-ray Source
Scafell
Pike
Integrated
X-ray Source

Scafell Pike

X-RAY
X-RAY
Technical Datasheet

Scafell Pike is a compact and lightweight integrated X-ray source designed for handheld andportable XRF applications
Scafell Pike is a 50kV, 4W integrated X-ray source with arevolutionary stainless steel X-ray tube design leading tounprecedented ruggedness and flux stability in an incredibly
light package. Scafell Pike is ideally suited to the uniquechallenges of handheld XRF and other applications whereruggedized design and close-coupled X-ray geometry areimportant.
FeaturesBenefits

Stable X-ray output

Highly repeatablemeasurements

Intelligent controller

Enables maximum filament lifeand minimizes startup times

Advanced digital interface

Simplifies communicationand system integration

Small, compact design
Fully shielded package

Applications
XRF

Thickness gauging

Easily integrates into your handheldor benchtop X-ray systems

Inspection

Regulatory (RoHS/WEEE)

Mining and geology

Art and archeometry

Eliminates X-ray leakage

Densitometry

R&D

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:
Maximum power:
Beam current:
Focal spot size (maximum):
Focus to Object Distance (FOD):
Target material:
Window material and thickness:

4kV - 50kV
4W
0-200µA<800µm<1mm
Rh
Be, 127µm

Input voltage ripple:

6.4 - 14 VDC±5%Control signals:

Digital communication, X-ray enable, and more (see next page)

Time to warm up to 50kV and 0.1mA:<1 sec<0.5%

Input voltage:

Continuous flux stability:
Max case operating temp:

Conduction
70°C

Ambient operating temp:-10°C to 60°C

Radiation leakage:<1.0µSv.hr -1 @ 10cm

Cooling method:(@ 50kV, 80µ)Weight:<325g

Storage conditions:

Storage conditions:-25°C to 85°C**Note: Humidity: 10-95% (no condensation)
Condensation on Be window will cause window
corrosion, vacuum loss, and X-ray tube failure

4 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS9100025

Scafell Pike Integrated X-ray Source
45.59
1.795

66.60
2.622

67.56
2.660

16.03
.631

87.89
3.460

22.05
.868

29.79
1.173

30.78
1.212

28.55
1.124

37.70
1.484

11.0
.432

DIMENSIONS: [mm]InchesPIN

SIGNALVOLTAGE

1SCL

0V - 5V

2

SDA

0V - 5V

3-4

INPUT POWER

6V - 18V

5-6

GND

0V

7-8

NO CONNECT

N/A

9

FILAMENT READY

0V - 5V

10

X-RAY ENABLE

0V - 5V

11

NO CONNECT

N/A

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2016. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS9100025 - April 4, 2016

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 5

X-ray Technology

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729

X-RAY
X-RAY

80kV, 33um, 40 Watt Integrated X-ray Source
Trinity
80kV, 33um, 40W Integrated X-ray Source

Trinity

Technical Datasheet

Trinity is an 80kV, 33µm, 40W, fully shielded integrated X-ray source designed for high resolution imaging applications, making it ideal for industrial inspection and non-destructive testing
applications including PCB assembly, battery, plastic, metal and mechanical parts inspection,
yet is versatile enough for medical imaging applications.
Trinity is configured in a compact, programmable package that simplifies communications and system integration without the need for high voltage cable connections oradditional shielding, making it extremely reliable and cost-efficient. Side window andend window orientations are available.

Applications

Benefits
Small, stable spot delivers distortion free measurements
Compact, programmable, integrated package enables
ease of installation and improved reliability
XT proprietary shielding minimizes weight while
ensuring extremely low radiation leakage
LED indicators provide constant system status
Fully lead-free and RoHS compliant

Medical imaging
Inspection of printed circuit boards and electronic devices
Nondestructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanical parts
CT imaging for life sciences and industrial inspection applications
Food or Packaging imaging

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:
Maximum Power:
Maximum Beam Current:
Target Material:
Focal Spot Size:
Cone of Illumination:
Spot to Window Spacing (FOD):
Window Material & Thickness:
Accuracy:
Flux Stability:
Rise Time:
Duty Cycle:
Ripple:Temperature Coefficient:
Temperature Conditions:20-80kV
40W
10-500µA
W
33µm (Nominal CEI/IEC 60336:2005)
37°
27mm ± 1mm
1.40 mm (0.055") Glass & 3.60mm (0.142") Polystyrene
kV: < 0.50%µA: < 1.0%
≤ 0.2% over 4-hour period≤ 200 ms (from standby)
Continuous
1% RMS @ 80kV, 500µA
1000ppm/°C
Operating: Maximum 55°C at tube heat sink
Storage: -10°C to 50°C

Humidity:

15°C to 40°C ; 0-95% RH up to 5,000ft

Method of Cooling:

External cooling required and directed at the unit at 100 CFM

Thermal Cut-Off:

55°C ± 3°C at tube heat sink

Shielding:Less than 0.1 mR/hour at 5cm away from surface of the unit when operated at 80kV, 500µA as
per FDA 21 CFR 1020.40

Size:

10.5" L x 5.8" W x 4.0" H (266mm L x 146mm W x 101mm H)

Weight:≤ 9 lbs.

Input Power:

22-26 VDC, 3A

Interface:

Analog (0-10VDC), RS422 & RS485

Safety & Regulatory Compliance:

Designed to meet UL, CE and RoHS Directive 2011/65/EU

6 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS9100004

Trinity 80kV, 33µm, 40W integrated X-ray source
CONTROLDC POWER

COOLING VENTS

10.47 266

24VDC FAN CONNECTOR

M4X0.7-5H
GND STUD.41 10.5

3.99 101.2
5.85 148.5

10.89 276.7

100 CFM FAN REQIURED, LOCATEDWITHIN 4.00 MAX OF THIS SURFACECOOLING VENTS

M6X1.0-6H(4X)

1.0 26.4
X-RAY EXIT

1.77 44.9+.47 11.9
0 0.47 11.9.47 11.9

1.77 44.9

1.77 44.9

2.63 66.8

2.63 66.7

8.46 215
8.46 215

COOLING FINS

9.22 234.2
9.63 244.6

1.72 43.8.81 20.6

0 0

1.26 32

End Window Configuration Part Number 9100005.88 22.4.81 20.6

1.44 36.6

1.99 50.5

0 0.81 20.6

1.16 29.5.81 20.6.47 11.9

3.22 81.8

3.22 81.8
M6X1.0-6H(4X)+

M6X1.0-6H(6X)

1.77 44.9

1.77 44.9*M5X08-6H(4X).47 11.9.47 11.9
0 0.47 11.9

1.77 44.9

1.77 44.9

2.63 66.8

2.63 66.7

1.99 50.5

1.44 36.6.81 20.6

2.00 50.7.47 11.9

1.16 29.5.81 20.6*M5X0.8-6H(4X)

9.22 234.2
9.63 244.6

1.77 44.9

COOLING FINS+

1.72 43.8

M6X1.0-6H(6X)*M5X08-6H(4X)

2.00 50.7*M5X0.8-6H(4X)

COOLING FINS

3.22 81.8

3.22 81.8+.81 20.6

1.26 32

COOLING FINS

.88 22.4.81 20.6

The views above are consistent for both the end and side window configurations.

1.00 25.4
X-RAY EXIT

Side Window Configuration Part Number 9100004
Caution:*M5 mounting holes have a maximum screw penetration of 6mm.
+
M6 mounting holes have a maximum screw penetration of 8mm.

DIMENSIONS: Inches [mm]Control Interface Box PN 9100006: An optional adapter for manual analog control may be ordered

www.oxford-instruments.com/xt– useful for lab use and qualification testing

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 7

This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed
by the company in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order orcontract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy
conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.

X-RAY
X-RAY

90kv Microfocus X-ray Source
UltraBright 96000 Series

Technical Datasheet

90kV Microfocus X-ray Source
UltraBright 96000 Series

The UltraBright Microfocus System 96000 Series is a 90kV, 80W X-ray source designed for
applications where high brightness, high magnification and small spot size are important.
Operated by an external high voltage Smart Controller capable of providing variable voltage
and power control, the UltraBright Microfocus System delivers exceptional magnificationand image quality with full control of “Brightness”. Maximum flux output ismaintained through automatic matching of a given power setting to acorresponding optimal spot size.

Benefits
Exceptional magnification and image quality

Complete range of user control — ideal for research applications

High power operation — ideal for high flux
applications and experiments.

Compact, lightweight design — ideal for portable applications

Integrated package eliminates HV cable for
improved reliability

Applications

Product Ordering Table
Target Material (Part#)

VoltagePower

Power Density

Microtomography

Microfluorescence

W (96004)

10-90kV

10-80W

2.5W/µm

Microdiffraction

CT imaging for life sciences
and industrial inspection

Mo (96002)

20-60kV

20-60W

1.5 W/µm

Cu (96000)

20-60kV

20-60W

1.5 W/µm

Specifications
Operating voltage range:

See product ordering table

Maximum Power:

See product ordering table

Maximum beam current:

2.0mA

Focal spot size:

14-20µm @ maximum voltage and minimum power

Focus to Object Distance (FOD):

4mm

Cone of illumination:

50° x 74° (nominal) See chart on next page

Window material and thickness:

Be, 254µm

Window diameter (unobstructed):

9.5mm (0.37”)

Window configuration

End window

Target material:

See product ordering table

Ambient operating temperature:

10°C to 40°C

Maximum operating temperature (anode):

70°C

Cooling method:

Forced air (150 CFM @ 4” recommended for continuous operation)

Shielding:

Not shielded

Dimensions:392.4mm L x Ø114.3mm (15.5” L x Ø4.5”)

Weight:≤ 4kg (8.81lbs.)

Storage conditions:-10°C to 55°C
Barometric Pressure: 50-106kPa; Humidity: 10-90% (no condensation)
Condensation on Be window will cause window corrosion, vacuum loss and
X-ray tube failure.

8 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS063

UltraBright 96000 Series 90kV Microfocus X-ray Source[46.99]
Ø1.85

CWarning Label

Serial No. Label

Oxford Label

Clamp Here[20.32]
Ø.80

A#2-56 4 plcs
Ø.600 [15.2] B.C.
(3lbs Max)C

[2.75].108 Target to Window[38.10]
1.50

(30°)

15.0° Target Angle[114.30]
Ø4.50

225°

[392.4]15.5 MAX[13.462].530
SECTION C-C
SCALE 1:3

[1.09].04[6.38].25

Cone Angle

DETAIL D
SCALE 1:1

[4.92].19 Target to Cu Flat

Radiation Pattern as Seen Normal to Window

DETAIL A
SCALE 1:1

DIMENSIONS: [mm]Inches

15.0°
B

C
A
15.0° to Window Centerline

Line Tangent to Target

Emitted Cone and Spot Position
Dimension

Description

Units

Farthest

NominalNearestA

Location of radiation cone center

Degrees

10.6

12.9

16.4

B

Radius of cone

Degrees

32.2

36.8

42

C

Window to spot distance

mm

4.47

3.14

1.82

The source (left) is connected to the controller(right) with a DB-25 cable.
The female end of the DB-25 cable connects
to the source and the male end of the DB-25
cable connects to the conroller.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 9

X-RAY
X-RAY

90kv Microfocus X-ray Source
UltraBright 96000 Series (cont.)

Technical Datasheet

90kV Microfocus X-ray Source
UltraBright 96000 Series

RS232 Control Command Set
Protocol:RS-232-C

Baud Rate:

9600 ASYNC

Controller Unit Specifications

Key switched power, HV on/off, kV

Functions:adjust, brightness/autofocus adjust
External control:

Remote control

Flow control:

None

Power consumption:

100W maximum

Data bits:

8

Input voltage:

110/240 AC autosensing

Stop bits:

1

Approximate weight:

4kg

HV cable:

Not necessary

LV cable:

Std 25 pin D-type connector (15 feet long)

Parity:None

Connector:

Type: 25 pin

Functions

Item

Anode voltage 10 to 90kV (example: VCN 50 = set
set:
50kV)
Brightness set: 10 to 80W (example: WCN 40 = set
40W)
Command:

X-ray ON/OFF

Command:Voltage min-max set

Command:

Brightness min-max set

RS232
Control

Remote/local switch No

ManualOperation

Notes

Yes

Switch is located onrear panel

Power on/off

No

Yes

For remote operation,
front panel on/off
switch must be “On”

X-ray on/off:

Yes

Yes

For remote operation,
front panel on/off
switch must be “On”

Read Back

Voltage up/down

Voltage:(example: VM 30 = 30kV)

Brightness:(example: WM 20 = 20W)

Status:Stand-by, warm-up, output, fault
modes in ASCII format

Fault:

Display panel information except
remote/local mode will be in ASCII
formatOther:

ROM version number

No

Front panel switch
disabled

Brightness control

Yes

No

Front panel switch
disabled

Power on can be accomplished remotely by X-ray on/off command.
However, if cathode emitter is turned off, power is restored only
through front panel on/off switch. Safety interlocks available onreal panel.

Controller Unit Reference Drawing / Dimensions in mm

Controller Unit Reference Drawing
Dimensions in mmYes

10 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS063

UltraBright 96000 Series 90kV Microfocus X-ray Source
Software Control Option
Runs under LabVIEW RT & MS-Windows
Works in conjunction with RS232 control interface
Complete control of voltage, power, and focus
Dynamic status display
Dynamic fault display
Ideal for R&D applications
Open software architecture allows for modification
with available additional development software

Functions

Software Control

Manual Operation

Notes

Remote/Local switch

No

Yes

Switch is located on rear panel

Power On/Off

No

Yes

For software operation, front panel On/Off switch must be “On”

X-ray On/Off

Yes

Yes

For software operation, front panel On/Off switch must be “On”

Voltage up/down

Yes

No

Front panel switch disabledPower adjust

Yes

No

Front panel Brightness dial disabled

Microfocus Source with the following Class-Leading Performance Characteristics:
The UltraBright 96000 Series is a fully integrated 90kV X-ray source. Its high voltage power supply and controller provide variable control of high voltage from
10-90kV and beam current from .33-2 milliamps with full control of “Brightness”. The Smart Controller calculates spot size for a given power setting for
maximum flux output.
Voltage and current rating (90kV, 2.0mA) are subject to maximum power dissipation rating of 80W. The X-ray tube assembly is sealed, air-cooled, and rated forcontinuous operation.
X-ray microfocus spot size is continuously adjustable from 14µm to 20µm. Power de-rating is provided at small spot sizes but source power is greater than orequal to 20W for a 20µm spot size.
The anode target material is comprised of Tungsten as standard, however other targets are available (Cu, Mo). The target is inclined at a takeoff angle of 15
degrees with respect to the electron beam, and the exit window is aligned at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the electron beam, so that a roundmicrofocus X-ray spot is projected through the exit window.
The stability of the microfocus X-ray spot shall be less than 5µm RMS over a period of 8 hours, as verified by test. A warm- up time of up to two hours isnecessary in order to meet this specification.
The system is supplied with a 254 micron Be exit window, allowing for close coupling (4mm) of object with the anode X-ray spot.
LabVIEW RT Software Interface: The Smart Controller is outfitted with a software package that provides remote control of the various functions, such as kV, mA,
Brightness, power etc. It includes an RS232 Communication package and an RT version of National Instruments LabVIEW. See Software control datasheet forcomplete description.

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS063 - June 4, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 11

X-ray Technology
360 El Pueblo Road

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729
Fax: +1 (831) 439-6050

X-RAY
X-RAY

90kv Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source
Nova 96000 Series

90kv Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source Technical Datasheet

Nova 96000 Series

The Nova Microfocus System 96000 Series is a 90kV, 80W, water-cooled X-ray source
designed for applications where high power, high magnification and small spot size
are important.
Operated by an external high voltage Smart Controller capable of providing
variable voltage and power control, the Nova Microfocus System delivers
exceptional magnification and image quality with full control of “Brightness.”
Maximum flux output is maintained through automatic matching of a given
power setting to a corresponding optimal spot size.

Benefits
Exceptional magnification and image quality
High power operation — ideal for high flux
applications and experiments.
Integrated package eliminates HV cable for
improved reliability

Complete range of user control — ideal
for research applications
Compact, lightweight design — ideal for
portable applications

Product Ordering Table

Applications
Microtomography

Microfluorescence

Microdiffraction

CT imaging for life sciences
and industrial inspection

Target Material (Part#)

VoltagePower

Power Density

W (96013)

10-90kV

10-80W

2.5W/µm

Mo (96016)

20-60kV

20-60W

1.5 W/µm

Specifications
Operating voltage range:

See product ordering table

Maximum power:

See product ordering table

Maximum beam current:

2.0mA

Focal spot size:

14-20µm @ maximum voltage and minimum power

Focus to Object Distance (FOD):

4mm

Cone of illumination:

50° x 74° (nominal) See chart on next page

Window material and thickness:

Be, 254µm

Window diameter (unobstructed):

9.5mm (0.37”)

Window configuration

End window

Target material:

See product ordering table

Ambient operating temperature:

10°C to 40°C

Maximum operating temperature (anode):

70°C

Cooling method:

H2O 0.15 l/min @ 15 psi

Shielding:

Not shielded

Dimensions:392.4mm L x 114.3mm W (15.5” L x 4.5” W)

Weight:≤ 4kg (8.81 lbs)

Storage conditions:-10°C to 55°C
Barometric Pressure: 50-106kPa; Humidity: 10-90% (no condensation)
Condensation on Be window will cause window corrosion, vacuum loss and
X-ray tube failure

12 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS064

382.9
15.08

6
.24 x .24 DP MAX,
2 SIDES

DB-25 CONNECTORLEMO® 4 PIN CONNECTOR
EEG.0K.304.CLL
USE WITH MATING CONNECTOR
FGG.0K.304.CLA50

350
13.78

150
5.90

100
3.93

30.0°

WARNING:CONTENTS UNDER PRESSURE.
DO NOT REMOVE SCREWS.

22.7
.89

250
9.84

0 NOMINALSPOT LOCATION

Nova 96000 Series 90kv Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source

ANODE TEMPERATURENOT TOEXCEED 70 C.
INTERLOCK TRIPS AT 71 C.

133.5
5.26

47
1.84
3.8
.15 SPOT TO
ADAPTOR SURFACESPECIAL FILL CAP
SUPPLIED FOR SF6
REFILL ONLY.

133.5
5.26

M6 x .24" DP MAX, 2 SIDES

CE

5

TO FLOWSUPPLYTO AN
OT STSP E DI
0
D
2
.
O
AN

8
.33

DATA SHEET TO LOCATE SPOTWITHIN .010 [.25] SQUAREREFERENCE TO 2-56 HOLE PATTERN CENTER

SWAGELOK® QUICK CONNECT B-QM2-B1-200
USE WITH MATING CONNECTOR B-QM2-S-XXXXWATER ONLY, 0.15 L/MIN MINIMUM FLOW RATE AT 85 kPa
INTERLOCK TRIPS BELOW 0.1 L/MIN, 22 C MAX INLET TEMP.

DIMENSIONS: [mm]InchesQUADRANT 2QUADRANT 3+Y

TO FLOW
RETURN

2-56 UNC x .15 [3.8] DP,
4 PLACES EQUALLY SPACED ON.600 [15.2] BCQUADRANT 1QUADRANT 4+X
DETAIL A
SCALE 1 : 1

B

RY

A
RIM

P

B

AM

BE

15.0°

IS
AX

30°

A

A

TUBE AXIS

15° TO WINDOW CENTERLINE

LINE TANGENT TO TARGETC

RADIATION PATTERN AS SEEN NORMAL TO WINDOWEmitted Cone and Spot Position
Dimension

Description

Units

Farthest

NominalNearestA

Location of radiation cone center

Degrees

10.6

12.9

16.4

B

Radius of cone

Degrees

32.2

36.8

42

C

Window to spot distance

mm

4.47

3.14

1.82

The source (left) is connected to the controller(right) with a DB-25 cable.
The female end of the DB-25 cable connects
to the source and the male end of the DB-25
cable connects to the controller.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 13

X-RAY
X-RAY

90kv Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source
Nova 96000 Series (cont.)

90kv Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source Technical Datasheet

Nova 96000 Series
RS232 Control Command Set
Protocol:RS-232-C

Baud Rate:

9600 ASYNC

Flow control:

None

Data bits:

Controller Unit Specifications

Key switched power, HV on/off, kV

Functions:adjust, brightness/autofocus adjust
External control:

Remote control

Power consumption:

100W maximum

8

Input voltage:

110/240 AC autosensing

Stop bits:

1

Approximate weight:

4kg

Parity:None

HV cable:

Not necessary

LV cable:

Std 25 pin D-type connector (15 feet long)

Connector:

Type: 25 pin

Functions

Item

Anode voltage 10 to 90kV (example: VCN 50 = set
set:
50kV)
Brightness set: 10 to 80W (example: WCN 40 = set
40W) Water-Cooled Mi90kv

Command:crofocus
X-ray ON/OFFX-ray Source
Nova
96000 Series
Voltage min-max set

Command:

Brightness min-max set

Command:ManualControl

Operation

Remote/local switch No

Yes

Notes
Switch is located onrear panel

Power on/off

No

Yes

For remote operation,
front panel on/off
switch must be “On”

X-ray on/off:

Yes

Yes

For remote operation,
front panel on/off
switch must be “On”

Read Back
Voltage:

RS232

Voltage up/down

Yes

No

Brightness control

Yes

No

(example: VM 30 = 30kV)

Brightness:(example: WM 20 = 20W)

Status:Stand-by, warm-up, output, fault
modes in ASCII format

Fault:

Display panel information except
remote/local mode will be in ASCII
formatOther:

ROM version number

Front panel switch
disabled
Front panel switch
disabled

Power on can be accomplished remotely by X-ray on/off command.
However, if cathode emitter is turned off, power is restored only
through front panel on/off switch. Safety interlocks available onreal panel.

Controller Unit Reference Drawing / Dimensions in mm

Controller Unit Reference Drawing
14 Oxford
Dimensionsin mm Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS064

Nova 96000 Series 90kv Water-Cooled Microfocus X-ray Source
Software Control Option
Runs under LabVIEW RT & MS-Windows
Works in conjunction with RS232 control interface
Complete control of voltage, power, and focus
Dynamic status display
Dynamic fault display
Ideal for R&D applications
Open software architecture allows for modification touser interface with available additional development
softwareFunctions

Software Control

Manual Operation

Notes

Remote/Local switch

No

Yes

Switch is located on rear panel

Power On/Off

No

Yes

For software operation, front panel On/Off switch must be “On”

X-ray On/Off

Yes

Yes

For software operation, front panel On/Off switch must be “On”

Voltage up/down

Yes

No

Front panel switch disabledPower adjust

Yes

No

Front panel Brightness dial disabled

Microfocus Source with the following Class-Leading Performance Characteristics:
The Nova 96000 Series is a fully integrated 90kV X-ray source. Its high voltage power supply and controller provide variable control of high voltage from
10-90kV and beam current from .33-2 milliamps with full control of “Brightness”. The Smart Controller calculates spot size for a given power setting for
maximum flux output.
Voltage and current rating (90kV, 2.0mA) are subject to maximum power dissipation rating of 80W. The X-ray tube assembly is sealed, water-cooled, and rated
forcontinuous operation.
X-ray microfocus spot size is continuously adjustable from 14µm to 20µm. Power de-rating is provided at small spot sizes but source power is greater than orequal to 20W for a 20µm spot size.
The anode target material is comprised of Tungsten as standard, however a molybdenum target is also available. The target is inclined at a takeoff angle of 15
degrees with respect to the electron beam, and the exit window is aligned at an angle of 30 degrees with respect to the electron beam, so that a roundmicrofocus X-ray spot is projected through the exit window.
The stability of the microfocus X-ray spot shall be less than 5µm RMS over a period of 8 hours, as verified by test. A warm-up time of up to two hours isnecessary in order to meet this specification.
The system is supplied with a 254 micron Be exit window, allowing for close coupling (4mm) of object with the anode X-ray spot.
LabVIEW RT Software Interface: The Smart Controller is outfitted with a software package that provides remote control of the various functions, such as kV, mA,
Brightness, power etc. It includes an RS232 Communication package and an RT version of National Instruments LabVIEW. See Software control datasheet forcomplete description.

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS064 - June 22, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 15

X-ray Technology
360 El Pueblo Road

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729
Fax: +1 (831) 439-6050

X-RAY
X-RAY

50kV Microfocus X-ray Source
Pinnacles 50kV

Technical Datasheet

50kV Microfocus X-ray Source
Pinnacles 50kV

Developed for applications that require high resolution over a wide-angle field of view, thePinnacles 50kV Microfocus X-ray source features high flux output.
Its compact design is fully radiation shielded and insulated with an
integrated high voltage cable located on the side of the tube foreasy connection.
The Shasta µF power supply has been optimized to power the
Pinnacles 50kV Microfocus X-ray tube.

Benefits
Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast

Applications

Wide field of view

Medical imaging

Fully shielded package eliminates X-ray leakage andPrinted circuit board and electronic device inspection

easily integrates into your system

Nondestructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanicalIntegrated high voltage cableparts

Specifications
Operating voltage range:

10-50kV

Maximum power:

12W

Maximum beam current:

1.0mA

Focal spot size:

10µm (50kV, 3W) line pair resolution using JIMA RT RC-02

Focus to Object Distance (FOD):

35.18mm (1.385”)

Target material:

W

Target angle:

45°

Cone of illumination (unobstructed):

40.5° ± 0.5°

Window material and thickness:

Be, 254µm

Window diameter (unobstructed):

16.88mm (.66”)

Maximum operating temperature:

50°C at potting surface

Ambient operating temperature:

0°C to 40°C; 0-95% RH up to 5,000ft

Cooling method:

Forced air @ 150cfm at 100mm (4.0”) recommended

Shielding:

Fully shielded. X-ray leakage < 1.0µSv.hr-1 at 10cm

Weight:≈1.37kg (3 lbs)

Storage conditions:-10°C to 55°C; Barometric Pressure: 50-106kPa; Humidity: 10-90% (no condensation)
Condensation on Be window will cause window corrosion, vacuum loss and X-ray tube failure

Shasta µF Power Supply
Industry-standard 24V Input
High voltage, cathode, and grid controls
Intuitive analog control interface
Focusing grid adjustment for optimum spot size

16 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS067

Pinnacles 50kV Microfocus X-ray Source
LV CONNECTOR
AMP #206044-1

Pinnacles Ordering Table
Part Number

High Voltage Cable Length

9400001

18 inch9400002

39 inch [1 meter]

940000379 inch [2 meter]

9400004

118 inch [3 meter]

MFG LABEL
CAUTION Be
WINDOW LABEL

40°
CONE ANGLE

152.4
6.00

HIGH VOLTAGE CABLE LENGTHVARIES BY PART NO.
(SEE TABLE ABOVE)

63.50
2.500

181.2
7.1

35.18
1.385
66.9
2.64

2.03

LV CONNECTOR
AMP #206044-1

Low Voltage Cable Ordering Table
Part Number

Cable Length

9290002

39 inch [1 meter]

929000379 inch [2 meter]

9290004

118 inch [3 meter]

LV Connector Pin

Tube Pin

3

GROUND+1.0
CABLE LENGTH - .0

4

HEATER(SEE TABLE)

5HEATER GROUND

7

L1

12

L2

14

L3

6X 8-32 UNC -2B.25
EQ SP ON 1.875 B.C.

79.11
3.115

2X

Notes

50.8
2.00
63.5
2.50

1. THIS TUBE IS FULLY RADIATION SHIELDED TO 50kV/12W EXCEPT 40° X-RAY CONE.
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. DIMENSIONS [] ARE IN MILLIMETERS.

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2014. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS067 - August 7, 2014

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 17

X-RAY
X-RAY

Water-Cooled Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube
Neptune 5200 Series

Water-Cooled Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

Neptune 5200 Series

Technical Datasheet

The Neptune 5200 Series is a water-cooled 50kV, 100W packaged X-ray tube designed for
applications where high flux density and continuous operation are important.
Utilizing our high stability and high intensity X-ray tube technology, the Neptune 5200
Series is ideal for most industrial inspection and non-destructive testing applications that
require high resolution, including plastic, metal and mechanical parts inspection. Flexible
and reliable, this unit is also highly suited for use in high power XRF applications.
The 5200 Series has a brass package that utilizes 0.2 liter/min of water flow,which enables the unit to provide maximum X-ray shielding and heat dissipation.
The design includes high voltage, filament and water flow connectors, making it
ideal for plug and play operation.
The Neptune 5200 Series is available in wide range of targets and price points tomeet your needs.

Applications

Benefits
Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast
Stable X-ray output delivers high precision measurements
Low attenuation beryllium window ensures hightransmission of low energy X-rays
Fully-shielded compact package eliminates X-ray leakage
and easily integrates into your system

Non-destructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanical parts
Thickness gauging
Analytical XRF

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:
Maximum Power:
Maximum Beam Current:
Maximum Filament Current:
Filament Voltage:
Target Material:
Spot Size:
Cone of Illumination:
Spot to Window Spacing (FOD):
Window Material & Thickness:
Flux & Current Stability:
Duty Cycle:
Ambient Temperature Conditions:
Humidity:
Method of Cooling:
Shielding:Dimensions:
Weight:10-50kV
100W
2.0mA
2.40A
3.75V (Nominal)
See Product Ordering Table
175µm where X+Y/2 and X < 210µm and Y < 210µm
25°48.8 mm ± 1mm (1.92")
Be @ 127µm≤ 0.2% over 4-hour period
Continuous
Operating: 0 to 40°C
Storage: -10°C to 50°C
0-95% RH up to 5,000ft
Water cooling >.21 l/min. Forced air cooling directed at the unit at 150 CFM may berequired at high power operation. Must not exceed 55°C at case surface.
0.25mR/hr @ 2" (except HV connection through HV cable)
210mm L X 106 mm W (8.25" L X 4.18" W)
6.17 kg (13.6 lbs)

18 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS5200

Neptune 5200 Series Water-Cooled Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

DIMENSIONS: Inches

Product Ordering Table
Part Number
93221
93211
93212

Target MaterialRhMoW

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS5200 - February 5, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 19
X-ray Technology
360 El Pueblo Road

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729
Fax: +1 (831) 439-6050

X-RAY
X-RAY

Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube
Jupiter 5000 Series

Technical Datasheet

Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

Jupiter 5000 Series

The Jupiter 5000 Series is a 50kV, 50W packaged X-ray tube designed for applications
where high flux density and continuous operation are important.

Utilizing our highly stable and high intensity X-ray tube technology, the Jupiter 5000 Series is ideal for medical imaging
applications and most industrial inspection and non-destructive testing applications that require highresolution, including PCB assembly, battery, plastic, metal and mechanical parts inspection.
The 5000 Series features a stainless steel, lead-lined package that is filled with
dielectric oil, which enables the unit to provide maximum X-ray shielding andheat dissipation. The design includes high voltage and filament connectors,
making it ideal for plug and play operation.
The Jupiter 5000 Series is available in a wide range of spot sizes, targets andprice points to meet your needs.

Applications

Benefits
Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast
Stable X-ray output delivers high precision measurements
Low attenuation beryllium window ensures hightransmission of low energy X-rays
Fully-shielded compact package eliminates X-ray leakage
and easily integrates into your system

Medical Imaging
Printed circuit board and electronic device inspection
Non-destructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanicalparts
Thickness gauging
Analytical XRF

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:
Maximum Power:

10-50kV
50W

Maximum Beam Current:

1.0mA

Focal spot size:

P/N 93089: 50µm
P/N 93095: 55µm

Maximum Filament Current:

1.7A

Filament Voltage:

2.0V (nominal)

Focus to Object Distance (FOD):

See diagram next page

Window material and thickness:

Be @ 127µm

Cone of illumination (unobstructed):23°

Window diameter (unobstructed):

11.43mm (.450”)

Target material:

See product ordering table next page

Target angle:

12°

Stability:

0.2% 4 hours

Polarity:

Grounded cathodeMaximum operating temperature:

55°C on case surface

Ambient operating temperature:

0°C to 40°C

Cooling method

Forced air @ 150cfm

Shielding:

0.25mR/hr @ 2” (except at HV connection)

Dimensions:

180mm L x Ø70mm (7.09” L x Ø2.76”)

Weight:2.26kg (5.0 lbs)

Storage Conditions:-10°C to 55°C
Barometric Pressure: 50-106kPa; Humidity: 10-90% (no condensation)
Condensation on Be window will cause window corrosion, vacuum loss and X-ray tube failure

20 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS062

Jupiter 5000 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube
Temperature Indicator
Label (1420)[163.60]
6.44[63.50]Ø2.50

A

MFG. Label(1001)[16.26].64[16.31].64[6.35].250[47.63]
Ø1.875[69.850]
Ø2.75
E

E

5° A
Ø.450 Unobstructed
Window Diameter

O-Ring Groove
2.115 I.D. X 2.385±.002 O.D.
.X .080±.002 Deep

[42.80]1.685

I.D. Label(1002)

X-ray Warning Label (1901)(Place as close as possible
to connector end)

[100.74]
3.97

Be WINDOW WARNINGLABEL (1426)
8-32 UNC-2B Thru
(6X equally spaced)

23°
CONE ANGLE[0.23].009[5.44].214
WINDOW TO FLANGE[31.05]
1.22

CENTER OF TUBE TO
FLANGE SURFACE

DETAIL F

Product Ordering Table

Notes
1. USE AN AS568A-139 O-RING IN MOUNTING PLATE GROOVE IF REQUIRED
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. DIMENSIONS [] ARE IN MM

Target Material

VoltagePower

W (93089)

10-50kV

50W

Mo (93095)

10-50kV

50W

Use a Shasta
Power Supply forvisit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt
or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
Peak PerformanceThis publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS062 - June 25, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 21
X-ray Technology
360 El Pueblo Road

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729
Fax: +1 (831) 439-6050

X-RAY
X-RAY

Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube
Apogee 5500 Series

Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube

Apogee 5500 Series

Technical Datasheet

The Apogee 5500 Series is a 50kV, 50W packaged X-ray tube designed for applications
where high flux density and continuous operation are important.
Utilizing our high stability, high intensity X-ray tube technology coupled with grid-controlled variablefocus enables our Apogee design to produce very small focal spots; this makes the Apogee 5500 Series
ideal for most industrial inspection and non-destructive testing applications that require highresolution, including PCB assembly, battery, plastic, metal and mechanical parts inspection.
Flexible and reliable, this unit is also well suited for use with X-ray optics.
The Apogee 5500 Series is configured in a compact stainless steel, leadlined package filled with dielectric oil, which enables the unit to provide
maximum X-ray shielding and heat dissipation. The design includes highvoltage and filament connectors, making it ideal for plug and play operation.

Benefits

Applications

Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast

Medical Imaging

Stable X-ray output delivers high-precision measurements

Inspection of printed circuit boards and electronic devices

Low attenuation beryllium window ensures highNon-destructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanicaltransmission of low energy X-rays

parts

Fully shielded compact package eliminates X-ray leakage

Thickness gauging

and easily integrates into your system

Analytical XRF

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:

10-50kV

Maximum Power:

50W

Maximum Beam Current:

1.0mA

Grid Voltage:

0-100V (Oxford Shasta Power Supply recommended)

Maximum Filament Current:

1.7A

Filament Voltage:

2.0V (Nominal)

Target Material:

See product ordering table on next page

Focal Spot Size:

35µm *nominal per IEC60336, NEMA XR5-1992 (R1999)

Cone of Illumination:

22°

Spot to Window Spacing (FOD):

31.05mm ±1mm

Window Material and Thickness:

Be @ 127µm

Flux and Current Stability:≤ 0.2% over 4-hour period

Duty Cycle:

Continuous (150 CFM airflow required)

Ambient Temperature Conditions:Operating: 0 to 40°C
Storage: -10°C to 50°C

Humidity:

0-95% RH up to 5,000 feet

Cooling Method:

External cooling required and directed at the unit at 150 CFM. Must not exceed 55°C
at case surface.

Shielding:

0.25mR/hr @ 2" (except HV connection through HV cable)

Dimensions:

180mm L X Ø70mm (7.09" L X Ø2.76")

Weight:1.82kg (4.0 lbs)

22 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS5500

Apogee 5500 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube
5.969
.235

16.256.640

163.601
6.4

16.307
.64

63.5
2.50

A

A

C

100.736
3.97

47.6251.875 BC

8.128
.320
Unobstructedwindow diameter

6X 8-32 UNC-2B Thru
Equally spaced.

40.538
1.596

69.85
2.750

SEE TABLE BELOWCABLE PN 92230

14.656.577
Windowto Flange

Pin

Oxford Cable Wire Description

A

Red

Filament

B

Black

Filament Return

C

Clear

Grid Bias

Backshell

EyeletGround31.0391.22
Center of Tube
to Flange Surface

11°

DETAIL CSCALE 2 : 1

DIMENSIONS: [mm]Inches

22°
Cone
Angle

SECTION A-A

Product Ordering Table
Part Number

Target Material

93501

W

93502

Mo

93504

Rh

93510

Cu

Use a Shasta
Power Supply for
Peak Performance

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS5500 - June 25, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 23

30kV X-ray Tube
3000
30kVSeries
X-ray Tube

3000 Series

X-RAY
X-RAY
Technical Datasheet

The Oxford Instruments 3000 Series X-ray tube has been developed for high flux stability
and long life, making it ideal for continuous operation.
A low cost answer for high spectral purity radiation, the 3000 Series is encapsulated in silicone rubber andfeatures a grounded cathode and low attenuation Beryllium window.

FeaturesBenefits

Continuous operation: 9W

High sensitivity and highBeryllium window

precision measurement
Higher flux of low-energy

Compact, insulated
light-weight package

X-rays, especially from target
L series lines
Configuration allows
flexible installation

Applications
Analytical (XRF)
Particle Analysis
Thickness Gauging
Soft X-ray Radiography
Spectroscopy
Stress Analysis

Ordering Information
Part Number
90151
90152
90153

Target Material
Rh
Ag
Mo

Specifications

Ambient operating temp:

4-30kV
9W
0.3mA
2.0A
1.75V (nominal)
1.0mm (nominal)
28.2mm (1.1”)
See ordering table above
Be @ 127µm
28°10.4mm (.41”)
20°
Partially radiation shielded (see drawing next page)
260g
Forced air: 150CFM @ 100mm (4.0”) and appropriate heat sink recommended for full power
50°C at potting surface
0°C to 40°C

Storage conditions:-40°C to 70°C*

Operating Voltage Range:
Maximum power:
Maximum beam current:
Maximum filament current:
Filament voltage:
Focal spot size:
Focus to Object Distance (FOD):
Target material:
Window material and thickness:
Unobstructed cone of illumination:
Unobstructed window diameter:
Target angle:
Shielding:
Weight:Cooling method:
Maximum operating temp:*Note: Barometric Pressure: 50-106kPa
Humidity: 10-90% (no condensation)
Condensation on Be window will cause window
corrosion, vacuum loss, and X-ray tube failure

24 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS059

3000 Series 30kV X-ray Tube

Notes
1. WARNING: THIS TUBE IS NOT RADIATION SHIELDED.
2. DIMENSIONS ARE IN INCHES. DIMENSIONS [] ARE IN MM.

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS059 - February 5, 2015439-9729
Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com
Phone: +1(831) 439-9729
X-ray TechnologyPhone: +1 (831)
Fax: +1 (831) 439-6050
360 El Pueblo Road
Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com
Scotts Valley, CA 95066, USA

25

X-RAY
X-RAY

Glass X-ray Tube
1000
Series- 90507Tube
Glass
X-ray

Technical Datasheet

1000 Series - 90507

Oxford Instruments glass X-ray tubes are recognized for their performance and long life.
High flux and spot size stability make our X-ray tubes an ideal solution for
demanding applications, such as those requiring continuous operation. The
90507 is uniquely designed with a very small isostatically focused spot
for high resolution applications, such as mini C-Arm fluoroscopy. The
robust electron gun assembly has been constructed for optimal
use in integrated X-ray sources, where heat dissipation is an issue.
Long tube life is achieved by ultra-high vacuum maintained with
the Oxford Instruments unique Pin Flash getter. This tube operates
in bi-polar mode.

Benefits

Applications

Exceptional image quality

CT imaging for life sciences and industrial inspection

Stable X-ray output delivers high precision measurements

Densitometry

Small, stable spot delivers distortion-free measurements

Thickness gauging

RoHS compliant design

Phase contrast imaging
Medical imaging

Specifications
Operating voltage range:

40-80kV (bi-polar operation: -40kV cathode, +40kV anode)

Maximum Power:

40W continuous

Maximum beam current:

0.5mA

Focal spot size:

33µm *nominal per IEC60336, NEMA XR5-1992 (R1999)

Maximum filament current:

1.7A

Filament voltage:

2.0V (nominal)

Focus to Object Distance (FOD):

14.2mm (0.56”) (nominal)

Window material and thickness:

Glass—1.40mm ± 0.15

Target material:

W

Target angle:

20°

Maximum oil temperature:

80°C

Cooling method:

Oil

Weight:114g (0.25lbs)

Storage conditions:-10°C to 55°C
Barometric Pressure: 50-106kPa; Humidity: 10-90% (no condensation)

26 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS0651000 Series - 90507 Glass X-ray Tube
RED WIRE, PIN 6
BODY

B

B

DOWEL PIN (BERG D23-11) Ø.0627
ALIGNED ±0.5˚ WITH TARGET ANGLE.156±.002

SHORT PIN
PIN 1

6-32 UNC

BLACK WIRE PIN 2
FILAMENT.002.50(12.7) MIN
B

3.39
1.447
Ø1.18
.22 MIN.093 MAX

12.0 MIN

B

Ø.500

32

1.66

HEATSINK INTERFACE
SURFACE

20˚
SECTION B-B

.002

B

Notes
1. Dimensions are in inches.
2. This X-ray tube is designed to operate in an oil filled high voltage enclosure. Do not allow the oil to exceed 80˚C. Proper
operation of the X-ray tube requires cooling oil to circulate freely around the X-ray tube envelope.
3. This X-ray tube produces X-rays in all directions. As such, it must only be operated in a radiation-shielded enclosure.
4. Tubes to be shipped with two teflon-coated copper wire leads, 1 8 AWG X 12.0 MIN, soldered to pins #6 and #2.

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS065 - April 30, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 27

X-RAY
X-RAY

Glass X-ray Tube
1500 Series

Technical Datasheet

Glass X-ray Tube
1500 Series

The 1500 Series X-ray tube is a 50kV, 50W X-ray tube designed for applications wherehigh flux density and continuous operation are important.
Utilizing our highly stable and high intensity X-ray tube technology, the 1500
Series X-ray tube is ideal for medical imaging, XRF applications and mostindustrial inspection and non-destructive testing applications that
require high resolution, including PCB assembly, battery, plastic,
metal and mechanical parts inspection.

The 1500 Series X-ray tube can also be supplied in a stainless steel,lead-lined package that is filled with dielectric oil that enables the unit
to provide maximum X-ray shielding and heat dissipation, effectively replicating
our popular Jupiter 5000 Series packaged tube, which includes high voltage and filament connectors making it ideal forplug and play operation.
The 1500 Series X-ray tube is available in a wide range of spot sizes, targets and price points to meet your needs.

Benefits

Applications

Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast

Medical imaging

Stable X-ray output delivers high precision measurements

Inspection of printed circuit boards and electronic devices

Low attenuation beryllium window ensures highNondestructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanicaltransmission of low energy X-rays

parts
Thickness gauging
Analytical XRF

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:

10-50kV

Maximum Power:

50W

Maximum Beam Current:

1.0mA

Maximum Filament Current:

1.70A

Filament Voltage:

2.0V (Nominal)

Target Material:

All

Spot Size:

50-150µm (nominal per IEC60336,NEMA XR5-1999)

Cone of Illumination:

23°

Spot to Window Spacing (FOD):

30.8 mm ± 1mm (1.2")

Window Material and Thickness:

Be @ 127µm

Flux & Current Stability:≤ 0.2% over 4-hour period

Duty Cycle:

Continuous

Ambient Temperature Conditions:Operating: 0°C to 40°C
Storage: -10°C to 50°C

Humidity:

0-95% RH up to 5,000ft

Method of Cooling:

Must not exceed 80°C oil temperature. Customer provides enclosure and cooling.

X-ray Shielding:

Customer must provide enclosure with adequate shielding. Tube emits X-rays in all directions.

Dimensions:

81mm L X 47mm W (3.2" L X 1.8" W)

Weight:119g

28 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS15001500 Series Glass X-ray Tube

Short Pin
PIN 1

10.2
.4

GroundPIN 2

Filament (+)
PIN 6

A

17.15
.675
SECTION A-A

2.54.100 MIN gap
from glass toheatsink when
X-ray tube is
mounted29.85±0.61.175±.025
26.37
1.038

A

5.33 MAX.21 MAX

71.7
2.8

5.1
.20
+.0°
23°
- .5°
The tube package
Coneadapter must be
Angleelectrically grounded
during X-ray tube operation.

#8-32
x 0.50 MIN
34.82±0.61.371±.025
11.10
.437

0.89
.035
Window toflange Tube Package adapter
8X #1-72 tapped holes
Screw engagement not to exceed 0.100 [2.54]
Equally spaced on 0.795 [20.19] B.C.

DIMENSIONS: [mm]InchesUse a Shasta
Power Supply for
Peak Performance

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS1500 - February 5, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 29

X-RAY
X-RAY

Glass X-ray Tube
1501 Series

Technical Datasheet

Glass X-ray Tube
1501 Series

The 1501 Series X-ray tube is a 50kV, 50-75W X-ray tube designed for applications wherehigh current, high flux density and continuous operation are important.
Utilizing our highly stable and high intensity X-ray tube technology, the 1501
Series X-ray tube is ideal for medical imaging, XRF applications and mostindustrial inspection and non-destructive testing applications that
require high resolution, including PCB assembly, battery, plastic,
metal and mechanical parts inspection.
The 1501 Series X-ray tube can also be supplied in a stainless steel,lead-lined package that is filled with dielectric oil that enables the unit
to provide maximum X-ray shielding and heat dissipation.
The 1501 Series was designed in response to the need for higher current coupled with lower operating potentials.
The 1501 Series X-ray tube is available in a wide range of spot sizes, targets and price points to meet your needs.

Benefits

Applications

Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast

Medical imaging

Stable X-ray output delivers high precision measurements

Inspection of printed circuit boards and electronic devices

Low attenuation beryllium window ensures highNondestructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanicaltransmission of low energy X-rays

parts
Thickness gauging
Analytical XRF

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:

4-50kV

Maximum Power:

50-75W

Maximum Beam Current:

2.5mA

Maximum Filament Current:

2.4A

Filament Voltage:

3.75V (Nominal)

Target Material:

Rh, Cr, Mo

Spot Size:

125µm (nominal per IEC60336,NEMA XR5-1999)

Cone of Illumination:

22° Minimum

Spot to Window Spacing (FOD):

30.8 mm ± 1mm (1.2")

Window Material and Thickness:

Be @ 127µm

Flux & Current Stability:≤ 0.2% over 4-hour period

Duty Cycle:

Continuous

Ambient Temperature Conditions:Operating: 0°C to 40°C
Storage: -10°C to 50°C

Humidity:

0-95% RH up to 5,000ft

Method of Cooling:

Must not exceed 80°C oil temperature. Customer provides enclosure and cooling.

X-ray Shielding:

Customer must provide enclosure with adequate shielding. Tube emits X-rays in all directions.

Dimensions:

81mm L X 47mm W (3.2" L X 1.8" W)

Weight:119g

30 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS15011501 Series Glass X-ray Tube

72.2
2.8
2X HEATSHRINK PINSFILAMENT (+)
PIN 8
RED LEAD

SHORT PIN
PIN 1

A

2
8-32 UNC-2B.50 MIN

FILAMENT (-)
PIN 2BLACK LEAD

A

1.3
.05
MIN

26.3±0.4
1.037±.015

LEAD LENGTH VARIESBY PART NUMBER

THE TUBE PACKAGE
ADAPTER MUST BE
ELECTRICALLY GROUNDED
DURING X-RAY TUBE OPERATION.

10.2
.4
MAX
5.1
.20

34.8±0.8
1.37±.03
22° MIN
CONE
ANGLE

11.10
.44

5.3
.21
29.8±0.8
1.18±.03

17.15
.68

0.9
.034
WINDOW TO FLANGE

TUBE PACKAGE ADAPTER
8X #1-72 TAPPED HOLESSCREW ENGAGEMENT NOT TO EXCEED .100 [2.54]
EQUALLY SPACED ON .795 [20.19] B.C.

DIMENSIONS: [mm]Inchesvisit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2014. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS1501 - August 6, 2014

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 31

X-ray Technology
360 El Pueblo Road

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729
Fax: +1 (831) 439-6050

X-RAY
X-RAY

Glass X-ray Tube
1550 Series

Technical Datasheet

Glass X-ray Tube
1550 Series

The 1550 Series X-ray tube is a 50kV, 50W X-ray tube designed for applications wherehigh flux density and continuous operation are important.
Utilizing our highly stable, high intensity X-ray tube technology coupled withgrid-controlled variable focus enables our 1550 Series X-ray tube to
produce very small focal spots; this makes the 1550 Series ideal for
most industrial inspection and non-destructive testing applications
that require high resolution, including PCB assembly, battery, plastic,
metal and mechanical parts inspection. Flexible and reliable, this unit
is also highly suited for use with X-ray optics.

The 1550 Series X-ray tube can also be supplied in a stainless steel, lead-lined package that is filled with dielectric oilthat enables the unit to provide maximum X-ray shielding and heat dissipation; this configuration is our popular
Apogee 5500 Series packaged tube, which includes high voltage and filament connectors making it ideal for plug andplay operation.

Benefits

Applications

Wide operating range enables optimal image contrast

Medical imaging

Stable X-ray output delivers high precision measurements

Inspection of printed circuit boards and electronic devices

Low attenuation beryllium window ensures highNondestructive testing of plastic, metal and mechanicaltransmission of low energy X-rays

parts
Thickness gauging
Analytical XRF

Specifications
Operating Voltage Range:

10-50kV

Maximum Power:

50W

Maximum Beam Current:

1.0mA

Grid Voltage:

0-100V

Maximum Filament Current:

1.70A

Filament Voltage:

2.0V (Nominal)

Target Material:

Cu, W, Mo, Co, Rh

Spot Size:<50µm (X and Y)

Cone of Illumination:

22°

Spot to Window Spacing (FOD):

30.8 mm ± 1mm (1.213")

Window Material and Thickness:

Be @ 127µm

Flux & Current Stability:≤ 0.2% over 4-hour period

Duty Cycle:

Continuous

Ambient Temperature Conditions:Operating: 0°C to 40°C
Storage: -10°C to 50°C

Humidity:

0-95% RH up to 5,000ft

Method of Cooling:

Must not exceed 80°C oil temperature. Customer provides enclosure and cooling.

X-ray Shielding:

Customer must provide enclosure with adequate shielding. Tube emits X-rays in all directions.

Dimensions:

81mm L X 47mm W (3.2" L X 1.8" W)

Weight:119g

32 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

YTechnical Datasheet
DS15501550 Series Glass X-ray Tube

Filament (+)
Pin 8
Red Lead

7
6

8

1

5

4

Short Pin
Pin 1
Filament (-)
Pin 2Black Lead2
3

42.100 minThe user must provide aheatsink. Allow a .100
minimum gap between
the glass and heatsink
to allow coolant to flow
between them.

2.72

Grid Bias
Pin 3
Green Lead

8-32 UNF-2B

AA.20 max

The tube package adapter
must be electrically grounded
during x-ray tube operation.005
window

1.371±.025.501.037±.010

22°Cone Angle.397
window
to flange

.57

.437
1.18

.478

Center of X-Ray Spot.675

Tube Package Adapter
1-72 UNF-2B .100
8X on .795 B.C.

SECTION A-A

DIMENSIONS: Inches

Use a Shasta
Power Supply for
Peak Performance

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS1550 - February 5, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 33

X-ray Tube Power Supply
Shasta Series

X-RAY
X-RAY
Technical Datasheet

X-ray Tube Power Supply
Shasta series

Oxford Instruments Shasta series power supply features a robust design that has been
optimized to power grounded filament X-ray tubes from Oxford Instruments, yet its
versatility enables it to power virtually any grounded filament X-ray tube.
Utilizing closed loop emission control circuitry that delivers low ripple, Shasta
provides highly regulated beam current and high stability resulting in superior
performance. Local and remote analog control enables convenient operationin setting voltage & emission current.
Models with grid focus control are designed to provide optimal
performance with our Apogee tubes

Benefits
Compact Design

Safety Interlock

Adjustable Emission Current

Bias Voltage Option Available

Voltage & Current Programming

UL, CE & TUV Certified

Applications
XRF, XRD, Medical Imaging, Industrial Inspection & NDTSpecifications
Operating voltage range:

0-50kV or 0-60kV models (see product ordering table next page)

Maximum Power:

50W or 60W models (see product ordering table next page)

Maximum beam current:

1.0mA

DC Filament Supply:

Current: 0.3 to 3.5A Voltage: 0 to 5.0 VDC

Voltage Regulation:

Load: < 0.01 % for 50% of max load variation

Current Regulation:

Load: < ± 2µA (Beam Current) Line: < ± 2µA (Beam Current)

Ripple:< 100V peak to peak

Stability:± 0.1% over an 8-hour period after 30-minutes warm-up

Input Voltage & Power:

24VDC, ± 10%; 100 Watts

Voltage Control:

Local: via multi-turn potentiometer (kV ADJ)
Remote: via external voltage source 0 to 10V (accuracy ± 1%)

Interlock:

Short to GND through a 12V lamp: HV/ON, OPEN:HV/OFF

Protection:

Over voltage, over current protection. Arc, short circuit.

Temperature Conditions:Operational: 0 to 45˚C Storage: -20 to + 85˚C

Temperature Coefficient:

0.01 % per ˚C, voltage and current

Dimensions:5.5” H x 3.3” W x 9.45” D (140mm x 83.5mm x 240mm)

Weight:

7.9 lbs. (3.6kg)

Regulatory & Safety:

Meets the requirements of IEC61010-1:2010, EN61010-1: 2010, UL61010-1: 2012, CA N/CSA C22.2 No.
61010- 1:2012 and 2006/95/EC Low Voltage Directive. Product carries the TUV SUD c/us mark.

34 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Line: < 0.01% for 10% change in input voltage

YTechnical Datasheet
DS9700001

Shasta 50kV & 60kV Power Supplies
27.0

140.0

56.0

19.5

240.0

Ground
Stud

68.0

256.5

224.0

124.0

Fixings M4 (4 Places)(10mm Max Depth)

83.5
Fixings M4 (4 Places)(10mm Max Depth)

Pin Assignments
J1

HV

OUTPUT

J2

1
2

J3

J4

J5

1

+10VDC+24VDC

2

N.C.

GND

3

kV Prog Input

1

FILAMENT

4

RMT/LCL kV Prog Selector

2

FILAMENT RETURN (GND)

5

N.C.

Product Ordering Table

3

BIAS

6

mA Prog Input

Part Number

VoltagePower Grid Control

1

MONITOR RETURN (GND)

7

RMT/LCL mA Prog Selector

9700001

50kV

50W

N/A

2

kV MONITOR

8

N.C.

9700002

50kV

50W

0 to -300V

3mA MONITOR

9

GND

9700003

60kV

60W

N/A

4

INTLK

9700004

60kV

60W

0 to -300V

208.0

visit www.oxford-instruments.com/xt or xray-sales@oxinst.com for more information
This publication is the copyright of Oxford Instruments plc and provides outline information only, which (unless agreed by the company
in writing) may not be used, applied or reproduced for any purpose or form part of any order or contract or regarded as the representation relating to the products or services concerned. Oxford Instruments’ policy is one of continued improvement. The company reserves
the right to alter, without notice the specification, design or conditions of supply of any product or service. Oxford Instruments acknowledges all trademarks and registrations.
© Oxford Instruments plc, 2015. All rights reserved. Document reference: Part no: DS9700001 - June 22, 2015

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 35

Appendix A - Tubes
April 2016

Part
Number

OutlineDrawing

TargetOperatingRange (kV)Max Anode
Current (mA)

Max Anode Max Filament
Spot Size (μm)**
Power (W)
Current (A)1000 Series Glass X-ray Tubes
See data sheet on page 26
90501

8218

W

10 - 80

0.7

56

1.7

100 Max.

90502

8218

W

10 - 65

0.5

32.5

1.7

90 Max.

90503

8218

W

10 - 65

0.5

32.5

1.7

33 Nom.

90505

8225

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

200 Max.

90507

8218

W

10 - 80

0.5

40

1.7

33 Nom.

90512

8218

W

10 - 80

0.5

40

1.7

33 Nom.

1500 Series Glass X-ray Tubes with Window
See data sheet on page 28
90011

8194

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

90030

8260

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

90034

8188

Cr

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

200 Typ.

90054

8205

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90066

8205

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90068

8188

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90069

8188

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90075

8214

Cu

10 - 30

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90077

8188

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90078

8205

Cr

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

200 Typ.

90083

8188

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90099

8189

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

70 Max.

90101

8205

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90112

8061

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

90127

8268

Mo

10 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

150 Max.

90128

8268

W

10 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

150 Max.

90133

8260

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

90135

8188

Ag

10 - 50

0.5

25

1.7

150 Typ.

90140

8189

Cr

10 - 50

1.0

15

1.7

70 Max.

90169

8069

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

70 Max.

1501 Series Glass X-ray Tubes with Higher Current
See data sheet on page 30
90015

8194

Rh

4 - 50

2.5

50

2.4

200 Max.

90122

8257

Cr

4 - 50

2.0

75

2.4

175 Max.

90131

8055

Rh

4 - 50

2.5

50

2.4

130 Max.

90132

8055

Mo

4 - 50

2.5

50

2.4

130 Max.

36 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Appendix A - Tubes
April 2016

Part
Number

OutlineDrawing

OperatingRange (kV)

TargetMax Anode
Current (mA)

Max Anode Max Filament
Spot Size (μm)**
Power (W)
Current (A)1550 Series Glass X-ray Tubes with Grid Control
See data sheet on page 32
90200

8242

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

50 Max.

90201

8242

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

50 Max.

90202

8242

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

50 Max.

90203

8242

Co

10 - 50

1.0

10

1.7

50 Max.

90204

8242

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

50 Max.

90512

8218

W

10 - 80

0.7

56

1.7

33 Nom.

3000 Series Potted X-ray Tubes
See data sheet on page 24
90004

8145

W

4 - 30

0.5

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90006

8053

W

4 - 30

0.2

6

1.3

1000 Typ.

90020

8052

Ti

4 - 30

0.5

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90025

8052

W

4 - 10

1.0

10

1.3

1000 Typ.

90026

8263

Pd

4 - 30

0.1

2.5

1.3

1000 Typ.

90036

8053

W

4 - 30

0.3

9

1.3

1000 Typ.

90042

8195

Mo

4 - 30

0.5

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90050

8053

W

4 - 30

0.2

6

1.3

1000 Typ.

90053

8204

Mo

4 - 15

1.0

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90057

8156

Au

4 - 30

0.5

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90072

8211

Cu

10 - 25

0.4

10

1.7

1000 Typ.

90116

8053

W

4 - 30

0.2

6

1.3

1000 Typ.

90118

8052

Fe

4 - 10

1.5

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90125

8195

W

4 - 40

0.5

15

1.3

1000 Typ.

90136

8195

Cu

4 - 30

0.5

12

1.3

1000 Typ.

90141

8054

Rh

4 - 40

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

90142

8054

Ag

5 - 40

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

90143

8054

Mo

4 - 30

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

90144

8214

Cr

4 - 7.5

0.2

1.5

1.3

1000 Typ.

90145

8054

Pd

4 - 40

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

90146

8057

W

5 - 13.6

2.0

27.2

2.0

1000 Typ.

90151

8063

Rh

4 - 30

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

90152

8063

Ag

4 - 30

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

90153

8063

Mo

4 - 30

0.3

9

2.0

1000 Typ.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 37

Appendix A - Tubes
April 2016

Part
Number

OutlineDrawing

TargetOperatingRange (kV)Max Anode
Current (mA)

Max Anode Max Filament
Spot Size (μm)**
Power (W)
Current (A)Jupiter 5000 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tubes
See data sheet on page 20
93000*

8166W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

165 Max.

93001

8166

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

93009*

8166

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

93048

8166

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

93055

8166

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

93057

8166

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

180 Typ.

93059

8203

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

180 Typ.

93069*

8166W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

70 Max.

93070

8166

Cr

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

200 Typ.

93071

8203

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

93073

8166

Pd

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

200 Max.

93075*

8166

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

93078*

8203

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

175 Max.

93079*

8203

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

93083*

8166W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

70 Max.

93087

8203

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

165 Max.

93089*

8166W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

50 Max.

93091*

8166W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

165 Max.

93093*

8167

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

70 Max.

93095*

8166

Mo

20 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

55 Max.

93111*

8232

W

10 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

150 Typ.

93115*

8232

Cu

10 - 50

2.5

50

2.5

150 Typ.

93119*

8252

Mo

10 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

150 Max.

93303*

8231

W

10 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

150 Typ.

93401

8166

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Typ.

Jupiter 5000 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tubes with Brass Package
See data sheet on page 20
93200

8235

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

93201

8235

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

175 Max.

93202

8235

Cr

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

175 Typ.

93203

8235

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

93208

8235

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

150 Max.

38 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Appendix A - Tubes
April 2016

Part
Number

OutlineDrawing

TargetOperatingRange (kV)Max Anode
Current (mA)

Max Anode Max Filament
Spot Size (μm)**
Power (W)
Current (A)Additional 5000 Series Radiation Shielded X-ray Tubes
93117*

8232

Mo

4 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

170 Typ.

93025

8166

Ag

4 - 50

1.0

50

1.3

1000 Typ.

93006*

8232

Rh

4 - 50

2.5

50

2.5

150 Typ.

93033*

8203

Cu

4 - 50

1.0

50

2.4

250 Max.

93035

8166

Au

4 - 50

1.0

25

1.3

1000 Typ.

93046

8208

Mo

4 - 50

1.0

50

1.3

1000 Typ.

93066

8166

Rh

4 - 50

1.0

50

1.3

1000 Typ.

93072

8166

Ti

4 - 50

1.0

50

1.3

1000 Typ.

93080*

8232

Mo

4 - 50

2.5

50

2.5

150 Typ.

93084*

8166

Cr

4 - 50

2.5

50

2.4

150 Typ.

93138*

8270

Rh

4 - 50

2.0

50

2.5

1000 Typ.

93302*

8231

Mo

4 - 50

1.5

75

1.7

150 Typ.

93512*

8166

Fe

4 - 50

2.0

50

1.4

1000 Typ.

Neptune 5200 Series Water-Cooled Radiation Shielded
See data sheet on page 18
93211*

8250

Mo

10 - 50

2.0

100

2.4

175 Max.

93212*

8250

W

10 - 50

2.0

100

2.4

175 Max.

93215*

8250

W

10 - 50

2.0

100

2.4

175 Max.

93221*

8250

Rh

10 - 50

2.0

100

2.4

375 Max.

Apogee 5500 Series Radiation Shielded with Grid Control
See data sheet on page 2293501*

8243

W

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

35 Nom.

93500*
93502*

8243

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

35 Nom.

8243

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

35 Nom.

93504*

8243

Rh

10 - 50

1.0

20

1.7

35 Nom.

93508*

8243

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

35 Nom.

93510*

8243

Cu

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

35 Nom.

93511*

8243

Mo

10 - 50

1.0

50

1.7

35 Nom.

Pinnacles 50 kV Microfocus Radiation Shielded X-ray Tube
See data sheet on page 16
Various - seedata sheet

8062

W

10 - 501.0

12

10 Nom.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 39

Appendix A - Tubes
April 2016

Part
Number

OutlineDrawing

TargetOperatingRange (kV)Max Anode
Current (mA)

Max Anode Max Filament
Spot Size (μm)**
Power (W)
Current (A)Scafell Pike Integrated X-ray Source
See data sheet on page 4
9100025

8100002Rh

4 - 500.2

4150 Max.

20 - 80

0.5

40

33 Max.

Trinity Integrated X-ray Source
See data sheet on page 6
DS9100004

8300021W

UltraBright Microfocus Source
See data sheet on page 896002*

8236

Mo

20 - 60

2.0

60

20 Max.

96000*

8236

Cu

20 - 60

2.0

60

20 Max.

96004*

8236

W

20 - 90

2.0

80

20 Max.

96008*

8228

W

20 - 90

2.0

80

20 Max.

Nova Water-Cooled Microfocus Source
See data sheet on page 1296013*

8240

W

20 - 90

2.0

80

20 Max.

96016*

8240

Mo

20 - 60

2.0

60

20 Max.

Other Industrial X-ray Tubes
90046

8162

W

4 - 50

5.0

250

2.4

500 Typ.

90098

8162

Fe

4 - 50

5.0

200

2.4

500 Typ.

* Includes a thermal switch which adds an additional level of protection to the cooling systemsafeguards.
** Inquire for outline drawings, detailed specifications and exact spot size dimensions.
Max. = Maximum, Typ. = Typical, Nom. = Nominal (per IEC60336,NEMA XR5-1999)

40 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Appendix B - Cables
April 2016

Cable Part Number

Description

LengthPower Supply Part Number

Cables for Stainless Steel Packaged 5000 Series X-ray Tubes(All 5000 Series tubes unless noted below)
9200008

Shasta High Voltage Cable

1m

Shasta 9700001

9200009

Shasta High Voltage Cable

2m

Shasta 9700001

9200010

Shasta High Voltage Cable

3m

Shasta 9700001

9200014

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

1m

Shasta 9700001

9200015

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

2m

Shasta 9700001

9200016

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

3m

Shasta 9700001

Cables for Apogee 5500 Series X-ray Tubes(All Apogee 5500 Series tubes)
9200008

Shasta High Voltage Cable

1m

Shasta 9700002

9200009

Shasta High Voltage Cable

2m

Shasta 9700002

9200010

Shasta High Voltage Cable

3m

Shasta 9700002

9200011

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

1m

Shasta 9700002

9200012

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

2m

Shasta 9700002

9200013

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

3m

Shasta 9700002

Cables for Stainless Steel Packaged 5000 Series X-ray Tubes(Tube part numbers 93006, 93080, 93084, 93111,
93115, 93119, 93138, 93302, 93303, and 93512)
92103

High Voltage Cable

1m

97013

92115

High Voltage Cable

2m

97013

92104

High Voltage Cable

3m

97013

9200014

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

1m

97013

9200015

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

2m

97013

9200016

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

3m

97013

Cables for Brass Packaged 5000 Series X-ray Tubes(Tube part numbers 93200, 93201, 93202, 93203, and 93208)
92000

LGH High Voltage Cable A1

1m

SHASTA 9700001

92001

LGH High Voltage Cable A1

3m

SHASTA 9700001

9200014

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

1m

SHASTA 9700001

9200015

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

2m

SHASTA 9700001

9200016

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

3m

SHASTA 9700001

Cables for Neptune 5200 Series X-ray Tubes(All Neptune 5200 Series tubes)
92103

LGH High Voltage Cable A1

1m

97013

92104

LGH High Voltage Cable A1

3m

97013

9200014

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

1m

97013

9200015

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

2m

97013

9200016

Shasta Low Voltage Cable

3m

97013

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 41

X-ray Tube Conditioning Procedure

Application Note

Application
For X-ray tubes that have been in storage or inactive for a period of three months or more.

Description
After a period of not being used, typically three months or more, residual gasses are released from the internal surfaces of the Xray tube and accumulate into the tube vacuum. If the maximum rated voltage (in kV) is applied after a period of storage without
performing a conditioning procedure, permanent damage to the X-ray tube may occur due to the destructive nature of highvoltage arcs in the ionized gas. The following conditioning procedure is appropriate for both “new tubes”, as there may havebeen a period of storage, as well as tubes that have been stored for three months or more.

Procedure
To prevent this damage the following special conditioning process should be followed:
the kV to the lowest kV that your specific tube is rated for. Set the beam current to 0 mA and if any instability is•	Adjustnoted on the mA meter allow it to stabilize to display 0mA. Operate at this condition for a minimum of 15 minutes.
maintaining the kV set in the previous step, adjust the beam current to 20% of rated maximum. Maintain this setting•	Whilefor 5 minutes or longer, until no instability is noted on the mA meter.
high voltage in 5kV steps at 5 minute intervals until 50% of maximum rated kV is reached. Hold 5 minutes at these•	Increase
conditions.

• Increase beam current to maximum rated mA.
to increase high voltage as before, in 5kV steps every 5 minutes until maximum rated kV or your maximum operat•	Continue
ing kV is reached. Allow at least 5 minutes at full power to insure that the tube is operating correctly in your system.
Note
If instability (especially loud popping) is observed, lower the kV setting to the previous step. Allow mA to stabilize for at least 5
minutes before increasing settings again.

42 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Typical X-ray Spectra by Anode Material

Application Note

Summary
Oxford Instruments offers X-ray tubes with different anode materials designed to suit a wide variety of applications. The anodematerial defines an X-ray tube’s characteristic spectrum. This application note shows the typical spectra of several different
anode materials. The spectra provided are for reference only; your spectrum may differ from these according to the particularmodel of detector you are using, the geometry of your measurement setup, and the voltage and current on your X-ray tube.

X-ray Spectrum Theory
X-ray production involves bombarding a metal target in an X-ray tube with high-speed electrons that have been accelerated
by tens to hundreds of kilovolts of electric potential. The electrons can eject other electrons from the inner shells of the atomsof the metal anode. Those vacancies will be filled when electrons drop down from higher energy levels and emit X-rays. These
are known as characteristic X-rays and they have sharply defined energies associated with the difference between the atomic
energy levels of the anode atoms. The Bohr atomic model predicts the energies of the characteristic X-rays. An X-ray spectrum
is partially defined by the “peaks” or “lines” that result from bombarding different anode materials with highly accelerated
electrons.
In addition to the characteristic peaks, an X-ray spectrum also has a background radiation pattern called the “Bremsstrahlung.”
Bremsstrahlung means “braking radiation” and describes the radiation that is emitted when electrons are decelerated througha metal anode. The deceleration leaves behind excess energy, some of which is emitted in the form of radiation. Decelerated
charges give off electromagnetic radiation, and when the energy of the electrons is high enough, that radiation is in the X-ray
region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Thus, the X-ray spectrum that is emitted from your X-ray tube is a combination of the characteristic peaks of the specific anodematerial and the Bremsstrahlung radiation that is present in all X-ray tubes.

Experimental Setup
The following spectra were gatheredby pointing Oxford Instruments X-Ray
Technology’s tubes directly at a
Si-PIN photodiode detector system.
There are a total of approximately one
million counts in each spectrum.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 43

Typical X-ray Spectra by Anode Material(cont.)

44 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Application Note

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 45

How to determine the operational range of your X-ray tube

Summary
An X-ray tube is constrained in its operating range by four factors – maximum filament current, maximum power delivered tothe anode, and maximum and minimum anode voltage. By operating your X-ray tube within these parameters, you may be able
to achieve better results for your specific application while ensuring maximum longevity of your X-ray tube. This application noteclarifies the constraints above and shows how an operating range is constructed. You can find all the particular values for your
X-ray tube described in this application note on the datasheet.

Maximum Filament Current
The maximum filament current is a very strict constraint that prevents the filament from burning out, just like the filament in an
incandescent light bulb. Like any other wire, a filament will melt because it cannot dissipate the heat generated from excessive
current. Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology has conducted extensive testing to determine the maximum current the filament
in your X-ray tube can withstand. A common value is 1.7A, but this value varies by filament type and is given on the datasheetthat comes with your X-ray tube. It constrains the first part of the operating range before the maximum power requirementtakes over.

Maximum Power
Like the filament current limit, the power limit is a strict constraint that prevents the target from sublimating. An X-ray tube
accelerates a very narrow beam of electrons to the target with a total power P = IV, where I is the beam current (not to be
confused with the filament current – the current delivered to the filament itself) and V is the anode voltage. As you can see, thistotal power limit does not necessarily prevent using a higher beam current or voltage at a given power. Because beam current
and voltage are inversely proportional in this relationship, raising one and lowering the other may still allow you to operate the
X-ray tube within the maximum power constraint. Keep in mind that the anode voltage is limited as well, as detailed below. The
maximum power constraint takes over after the filament limit is no longer a factor in the operating range.

Minimum and Maximum Anode Voltage
An X-ray tube requires a minimum high voltage applied to the anode in order to draw off electrons from the filament. When
this condition is satisfied, the beam of electrons will form and accelerate towards the target. Below the minimum anode voltage,electrons will not be drawn off the filament, and thus the tube will produce no X-rays. At voltages lower than the minimum,some power supplies will overdrive (and potentially melt) the filament in an attempt to produce beam current when there areno electrons available. Our Shasta power supplies are designed to prevent damage to the filament. It is extremely important thatyou do not attempt to obtain beam current below this minimum anode voltage to avoid damaging the filament. On the other
hand, the X-ray tube can only stand off a maximum high voltage applied to the anode. Beyond this voltage, arcing will occur
and this can severely damage your X-ray tube. Both the minimum and maximum high voltages are sharp cut-offs that form theleft and right edges of the operating range.

46 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Application Note

Conclusion
Some applications may require different settings than the typical “full power” at which most customers operate their X-ray tubes.
By following the guidelines in this document, you may be able to achieve more desirable conditions for your application that still
fall within the operating range constraints. In summary, to achieve the best possible conditions for your application, operate your
X-ray tube within the constraints of maximum filament current, maximum power, and minimum and maximum anode voltage as
described above.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 47

Selecting Your X-ray Tube Packaging

Application Note

When purchasing an X-ray tube, one of the most important questions which must to be answered is: how will the tube bepackaged? System designers often put a lot of thought into the tube specifications, such as target material, spot size, etc, but
the physical packaging of the tube can be a critical design choice. Many factors, including heat dissipation, radiation shielding,and design time must be considered.

Bare Tube
Bare tubes are just that – X-ray tubes with nothing else. It is incumbent on the system designer to design the radiation shielding,the insulating material, the high voltage and filament connections, and power supply integration. This can be quite a complex
task, and is generally only appropriate for very large volume systems with specific requirements that cannot be met with Oxford’s
proven tube packaging solutions.

Potted Tube
Potted tubes are encapsulated in a silicone rubber material to provide electrical isolation and, in some cases, radiation shielding.
High and low voltage cables may be included in the potting to aid connection to the X-ray power supply. Potted tubes provide
an easier integration option than bare X-ray tubes however heat dissipation in a potted tube can be a challenge, and so potted
tubes tend to be appropriate in low power or low duty cycle applications.

Packaged Tube
Packaged tubes are enclosed in a metal housing which acts as both a radiation shield and a cooling vessel. The packages arefilled with a high dielectric liquid which both prevents high voltage breakdown (arcing) and effective cooling, requiring only an
external fan to provide 50W of continuous power in many applications. Higher power packages with integrated water coolingsystems are also available. Oxford’s packaged tubes are fitted with connectors for easy plug-and-play operation with our Shasta
X-ray power supply, enabling a quick setup procedure.

Integrated Source
Integrated X-ray sources include an X-ray tube, a high voltage and a low voltage power supply, and an analog or digitalinterface conveniently packaged in one box. This frees the system designer from all high voltage design concerns, and allows the
X-ray device to be treated as a true “black box” component. Integrated solutions also speed up time-to-market, as the systemdesigner only needs to integrate with a simple analog or digital interface, and won’t be bogged down with often mysterious
high voltage integration problems.

48 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Caring for the Beryllium Window of an X-ray Tube

Application Note

Many Oxford Instruments X-ray tubes come equipped with beryllium X-ray windows for maximum flux transmission. Beryllium is ametal that has low density and low atomic mass, and hence very low absorption of X-rays, making beryllium the preferred choicefor X-ray tube windows where low energy transmission is desired.
Oxford Instruments also produces glass window tubes, which are much more robust than their beryllium counterparts, with thetrade-off of decreased low energy flux. Glass window tubes are suitable for a wide variety of applications, including imaging andsome types of analysis, and should be considered in harsh, humid, or debris filled environments.
If your X-ray tube has a beryllium window, please keep the following considerations in mind:•	The beryllium exit window is comprised of high purity vacuum tight beryllium metal, typically 127 microns thick.
•	Beryllium can be toxic if improperly handled. Avoid contact with the beryllium window.
•	The beryllium window is fragile and will be damaged by the slightest impact.
is highly soluble in polar solvents. Examples of polar solvents include water (including humidity), alcohol and acids.
•	Beryllium
It is essential that you do not expose the beryllium window to these agents for prolonged periods of time, as they will destroy
the beryllium window and compromise the internal high vacuum of the X-ray tube, causing it to fail.
absolutely necessary, all care should be taken to avoid any contact with the beryllium window, and tube installation•	Unlessshould take into consideration keeping the window free of dust and debris. Should your beryllium exit window need to becleaned, gently use a cotton swab and acetone (a non-polar solvent) and then immediately dry thoroughly with a cotton swab
or soft dry air. Please note that damage to the beryllium window due to mishandling is not covered under your warranty.
is often used in X-ray spectroscopy. Helium is a very small atom and has a high transmission rate through the beryllium•	Helium
window. At a minimum, only beryllium exit windows of at least 127 microns should be considered when operating an X-ray
tube in the presence of a Helium environment.
you operate an X-ray tube with a beryllium window in a vacuum environment, it is important to remember that the beryl•	Iflium
window is brittle and susceptible to damage caused by cycling between atmospheric pressure and vacuum environments
typical for analytical analysis. Utilization of a secondary chamber is recommended to allow the X-ray tube to operate at subatmospheric pressures without cycling for each sample introduction.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 49

Maximizing the Life of the X-ray Tube Filament

The process of producing electrons necessary for the production of X-rays in an X-ray tube begins by heating a tungsten wire.
When heated to approximately 2000 degrees Celsius, tungsten is a copious emitter of electrons.
From this point several trade-offs in design become factors, which must be considered. The resulting design of a modern X-ray
tube seeks to balance the relationship between performance and filament longevity.
Of importance to those users seeking a small X-ray focal spot, the relationship between a smaller wire filament and a small focal
spot is well established. (This applies only to small focal spots when utilizing a tungsten wire filament. In the case of microfocus
X-ray tubes, a dispenser cathode is typically employed.)
Since a smaller filament is preferred where possible, a typical filament “driver” circuit must be able to control the current to
the filament quite carefully. This is due to the important relationship between filament current and actual temperature of thefilament wire itself.
By example, the Jupiter Series 5000 X-ray tube requires more than 1.5 Amps current at 2 Volts to achieve the required filament
temperature necessary for electron emission. However above 1.7 amps the filament enters a very high region of evaporation,and by 1.75 amps the filament reaches its melting point. Therefore careful control of the filament circuit is essential to a long
lived X-ray tube. Our Shasta X-ray tube power supply has a tightly designed circuit which prevents the filament from exceeding
its maximum allowable current. The Shasta power supply is perfectly matched to our X-ray tubes.
The process of heating the helical tungsten filament to produce electrons naturally causes the filament to evaporate. After acertain number of hours of normal operation, the filament will thin to the point of failure. The rate of filament evaporation,and thus the total number of hours required to thin the filament to the point of failure is a function of the chosen operating
conditions.
The filament current required to heat and achieve a given X-ray beam current differs depending upon the required applied highvoltage, as shown in Figure 1. To determine the anticipated life of a helical tungsten filament, one must estimate the averagefilament current employed throughout its life. Once estimated, the rate of evaporation can be used to estimate the normal
filament life as shown in Figure 2. For example, if the user normally operates the X-ray tube at 40kV and 1.0 mA, this requires afilament current of approximately 1.60 A. Using the chart in Figure 2, this translates to approximately 40,000 hours of expectedlife.
A stand by condition of ~50% maximum filament current rating places the filament in a very low region of evaporation where
the filament life is not measurably affected. You do not need to use a stand by condition to ensure maximum filament life, but
you may find it beneficial as your power supply will achieve a steady state sooner.

50 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Application Note

Figure 1: Filament current required for the Jupiter Series 5000 X-ray tube

Figure 2: Filament life for the Jupiter Series 5000 X-ray tube

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 51

Shielding an X-ray Tube

Summary
One of the most important safety considerations (along with the high voltage) in operating your X-ray tube from Oxford
Instruments is how much shielding you should use to contain radiation. Shielding an X-ray tube involves a simple calculation
based on mass attenuation coefficients for different materials, described below.

Disclaimer
Oxford Instruments does not make any claim that these calculated values will result in adequate attenuation. Due to material
and geometry differences, these values may only be used as a starting point for your application. You must test your setup witha reliable dosimeter to ensure safety.

X-Ray Mass Attenuation Theory
This application note assumes a beam of monochromatic photons with an incident intensity I0 that penetrates a material withmass thickness x and density. This beam will emerge with an intensity I given by the law1

I/ I0 = exp[-(μ/)x]
Values of μ/ have been empirically obtained using this equation and measured values of I0, I, and x. These values are compiled in
the NIST X-Ray Mass Attenuation Coefficients2 and are used for all the calculations in this document. Note that mass thickness isdefined as the mass per unit area, and is obtained by multiplying the thickness t by the density such that x = t.
For composite materials such as Brass, the mass attenuation coefficients are obtained using a weighted average:

μ/ = wn(μ/)nHere wn is the fraction by weight of the nth element in the material and, similarly, (μ/)n is the mass attenuation coefficient of thenth element in the material.
We have completed the shielding calculations with a simple spreadsheet application for various materials using the theory
above. The table below shows the shielding values for various materials. (Note that the Brass in this calculation is composed of
65% Copper, 33.5% Zinc, and 1.5% Lead). As a secondary consideration, these values have been crosschecked using existing
Oxford Instruments XT experimental equipment.
Material

50 keV

100 keVLead

1.5 mm

3.0 mmIron

5.0 mm20.0 mm

Brass

3.0 mm

12.0 mm

The following charts show the transmission characteristics by varying material thickness.

52 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Application Note

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 53

Shielding an X-ray Tube
(cont.)

Application Note

Conclusion
To ensure safety, it is extremely important to adequately shield the outside environment from X-rays that are being emitted fromyour X-ray tube. In order to do this, we recommend starting with at least the thickness of materials shown above and measuring
the output with a dosimeter. Again, while these values have been developed from first principles, it is imperative that you
measure any setup thoroughly before putting it into full use.

References1

http://www.physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/chap2.html

2

http://www.physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/XrayMassCoef/tab3.html

54 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

Managing the Heat Produced by X-ray Tubes

Application Note

The most frequent mode of failure of X-ray tubes is the failure to adequately dissipate the heat generated during normal
operation.

Greater than 99% of the kinetic energy imparted on the electron beam is lost in the form of heat at the anode target. Thus, a
50W X-ray tube will produce roughly 49.8W of energy in the form of heat just through the conversion process. Add to this thethermal energy produced by the helical tungsten filament and one can readily see that heat dissipation is a major factor.

Inadequate cooling of an X-ray tube can cause it to fail in two ways.

The first is sublimation of the anode target material. In converting the anode target material directly from a solid to a gas(sublimation), the resulting vapor rapidly degrades the internal high vacuum necessary for proper operation on the X-ray tube. The
loss of high vacuum results in a failure of the X-ray tube to withstand the high voltage gap between the cathode electron source(helical tungsten filament) and the target anode. The X-ray tube begins to short circuit, or arc, which in turn liberates more gasthat further degrades the internal vacuum, resulting in an X-ray tube that no longer functions.

The second failure mode caused by improper heat dissipation is the liberation of damaging ions. If the X-ray tube anode is allowed
to surpass the vapor pressure point of the target material, ions will be liberated. These ions are attracted back toward the helicaltungsten filament and begin to erode the filament through an ion scrubbing process. This can cause the filament to break, creating
an open circuit.

Prevention of both of these failure modes is made possible by ensuring that the X-ray tube is not allowed to overheat. This means
careful monitoring of the cooling system with fault protection in the event of a cooling system failure.

Many of our packaged X-ray tubes offer an integrated thermal switch that helps prevent permanent damage to the X-ray tube.

Please confirm that your cooling system can maintain the temperature range that is recommended on our products.

Phone: +1 (831) 439-9729 Email: xray-sales@oxinst.com 55

X-RAY
Image credits
1. Image courtesy of Molecubes (see catalog back cover)

56 Oxford Instruments X-Ray Technology

VanadiumKα 19.24
2.56 39

Kα 20.22
Lα 40
2.70

47.90

46
46

63.55

63.55

Kα 8.04
Lα 0.93
Kα 8.04
Lα 0.93 107.87

29
29

Kα 24.21
Lα 3.2947

58.71

58.71

Kα 7.47
Lα 0.85
Kα 7.47
Lα 0.85 106.4

Rubidium
Rubidium

Caesium

85.47

132.91

BariumBariumCaesium
Rhenium

Niobium

137.3488.91

OsmiumRuthenium
Ruthenium

91.22

Molybdenum

Cs

Molybdenum
Tungsten
Molybdenum
TungstenTungsten

Tantalum

69.72

69.72

72.59

72.59

Kα 9.88
Lα 1.19Kα 9.88
Lα 1.19 118.69

32
32

Kα 1.74

Kα 26.36
Lα 50
3.60

Kα 9.24
Lα 1.10Kα 9.24
Lα 1.10 114.82

31
31

Lα 3.44 49
48
48 112.40
49

Kα 25.27

65.37

Kα 8.63
Lα 1.01
Kα 8.63
Lα 1.01 112.40

30
30

65.37

Hs

77
77

112

109
109

196.97

Lα 9.44Mα 2.05

281

80
80

111284280
280
111

Lα 9.71
Mα 2.12200.59204.37Tl

81
81

Kα 24.21
Lα 3.29
Kα 24.21
Lα 3.29 204.37

118.69207.19Pb

82
82

Kα 25.27
Lα 3.44
Kα 25.27
Lα 3.44 207.19

50

285

114285112
112

Lα 9.99
Mα 2.20

298

114
114

32.06

51
51

78.96

78.96

Kα 11.21
Lα 1.38
Kα 11.21
Lα 1.38 127.60

34
34

Kα 2.31Kα 2.31

Kα 27.47
Lα 3.77
52

74.92

74.92

Kα 10.53
Lα 1.28
Kα 10.53
Lα 1.28 121.75

33
33

Kα 2.01

84
84

Po

127.60Kα 27.47
Lα 3.77
Kα 27.47
Lα 3.77 210

52131.3085
85

Lα 10.39
Mα 2.42
Lα 10.39
Mα 2.42208.98116298298
298
116

Lα 11.13

Lα 11.13210

294

117294

117
117

Lα 11.43

Lα 11.43

210

86
86

118

118
294

Lα 11.73

Lα 11.73

118

294

222

Lα 12.34

227

Lα 12.65

Hassium

RoentgeniumPromethium

Seaborgium
Darmstadtium

Seaborgium

Dubnium
59
59

Actinium
Actinium

RadiumRadiumBohrium

Seaborgium
Cerium
Cerium63

90
90

Lα 5.03
Mα 0.93
Lα 5.03

145

62
62

UU

63
63

151.96

Samarium

Promethium

NeodymiumLα 14.95

Lα 15.31

TerbiumLα 14.62

97247

Lα 14.28

Pu Am Cm Bk

Uranium
Uranium247

244

Lα 14.28

94

Lα 6.27
Mα 1.24

Lα 13.94

Lα 13.94

237

Tb

65

64
64

157.25Mα 1.19
162.5096

Lα 6.06
Mα 1.19
Lα 6.0665
65

158.92158.92

66
66

162.50

113

247

251

Lα 14.95

Lα 14.95

96

Cf
Lα 15.65

98

Lα 6.50Mα 1.29

Lα 14.62

Lα 14.62

243

Lα 15.31

254

Es

99

Lα 6.72
Mα 1.35

Lα 15.31

162.506767284164.93

68
68

298

115

288

167.2669
69

168.937070

173.0471
71

174.97102

174.97

99

257

254

101

Lα 7.18
Mα 1.46

257

256

101

256

Lα 7.42Mα 1.52

255

257

Lr

103

Lα 7.66
Mα 1.58257

174.97

294

Lu

71

Lα 7.66
Mα 1.58
Lα 7.66
Mα 1.58 257

102 173.04 103
255
102
103

Lα 7.42Mα 1.52
Lα 7.42Mα 1.52 255

70

256

173.04Fm Md No100

Mα 1.46168.93101

Lα 7.18
Mα 1.46
Lα 7.18168.93

Tm Yb

69

100
100

Lα 6.95
Mα 1.41
Lα 6.95
Mα 1.41 257

167.26

Mendelevium

Fm Md
Es Fm
No Lr
Lr
Md No
Es

167.2699

Lα 6.95
Mα 1.41

Lα 15.65

Lα 15.65

251

164.93Lα 6.72
Mα 1.35
Lα 6.72
Mα 1.35 254

Er

68

Cf
Cf

Lα 6.50Mα 1.29
Lα 6.50Mα 1.29 251

97 164.93 98
247
97
98

Lα 6.27
Mα 1.24
Lα 6.27
Mα 1.24 247

67

247

157.25

Dy Ho

66

95
95

Lα 5.85
Mα 1.13
Lα 5.85
Mα 1.13 243

151.96

Pu Am
Am Cm
Np Pu
Cm Bk
Bk
Np

Gadolinium

96

Lα 6.06
Mα 1.19

Lα 13.61
Mα 3.17
Lα 13.61
Mα 3.17

Gd

64
Neptunium
Neptunium

95

231

EuropiumLα 13.29
Mα 3.08
Lα 13.29
Mα 3.0891

158.9294

Lα 5.64Mα 1.08
Lα 5.64Mα 1.08 244

Plutonium
Plutonium

Lα 14.28

150.35150.35

Americium
Americium

243

ThoriumThorium

Lα 5.85
Mα 1.13

Lα 12.97
Mα 2.99
Lα 12.97
Mα 2.99232.04

Th Pa
Pa
Th

145

Kα 38.73
Lα 5.43
Kα 38.73
Lα 5.43 237

92 157.25 93
92 238.03
93

Lα 5.23
Mα 0.98
Lα 5.23
Mα 0.98 238.03

144.24

Dysprosium

Np

61
61

110

294

Ununoctium

Cn Uut Uuq Uup Uuh Uus Uuo

276

Holmium244

144.24

270

Berkelium
Berkelium

94

Praseodymium Protactinium
Praseodymium Protactinium

231

140.91Mα 0.93151.9691

Lα 4.84
Mα 0.88
Lα 4.84
Mα 0.88 232.04

140.12

Promethium

Californium
Californium

237

60
60

108

Samarium
Samarium

Nd Pm Sm Eu

FranciumFrancium
Europium
Europium

CuriumCurium

Lα 5.64Mα 1.08140.91

Neodymium
Neodymium

Ce Pr
Pm Sm
Sm Eu
Eu Gd
Gd Tb
Pr Nd
Nd Pm
Tb Dy
Dy Ho
Ho Er
Er Tm
Tm Yb
Yb Lu
Lu
Ce

140.12Meitnerium

58
58

DubniumDubnium62

Mt

Bohrium
Bohrium

150.35

Lα 12.65

267

Hassium
Hassium145

Lα 12.34

89

222

Rn

Xe 86
Xe
210

131.30Kα 29.78
Lα 4.11
Kα 29.78
Lα 4.11 222

At

85

II

Lα 3.94 54
53
53 126.90
54
Kα 28.61
Lα 3.94
Kα 28.61
Lα 3.94 210

83.80

Kα 29.78
Lα 4.11

83.80

Kα 12.63
Lα 1.59
Kα 12.63
Lα 1.59 131.30

36
36

Kα 2.96

Kα 28.61

79.90

79.90

Kα 11.91
Lα 1.48
Kα 11.91
Lα 1.48 126.90

35
35

Kα 2.62

Kα 2.96

Cl Ar
Ar
Cl
126.9053
54

Kα 2.62

Lα 1.48

Kr

Kα 12.63
39.95
Lα 1.59

83.80

BiLα 11.13Po
Po LαAt
At11.43 Rn
Rn Lα 11.73
Bi

83
83

Kα 26.36
Lα 3.60
Kα 26.36
Lα 3.60 208.98

121.75288
288 115 116

Lα 10.5517
Mα 2.3426 298

115

Lα 10.27
Mα 2.27 284
113

Lα 10.5517
Lα 10.39
Lα
9.99
10.27 MαLα
10.5517Mα2.3426Lα2.42
Mα 2.20
Mα 2.27
Mα 2.3426

Au Hg

79
79

Lα 10.27
Lα 9.449.71
Mα 2.27LαMα 2.05
Mα 2.12

195.09

Pt

78
78

281
285 110 113

Lα 9.18
Mα 1.98
Lα 9.18
Mα 1.98 276

192.2

Meitnerium
Meitnerium

Gadolinium
Gadolinium

ErbiumLα 13.94

108
280

Rg

111 272

107
107

Lα 8.91
Mα 1.91
Lα 8.91
Mα 1.91 270

190.2

Copernicium

Einsteinium
Einsteinium

93

76
76

PlatinumDarmstadtium
PlatinumDarmstadtium
Dysprosium

Kα 38.73
Lα 5.43

Ds

110
268

106281271
106

Lα 8.65
Mα 1.84
Lα 8.65
Mα 1.84 272

186.2

Kα 23.17
Lα 3.13
Kα 23.17
Lα 3.13 200.59

114.82

Au Hg Pt TlAu Hg
Pb Tl Bi
Pb

75
75

Ununtrium
Terbium
Terbium61

Lα 12.032

109

105
105

107.87

Kα 22.16
Lα 2.98
Kα 22.16
Lα 2.98 196.97

47

Roentgenium
Roentgenium

Db Sg
Sg Bh
Mt Ds
Ds Rg
Rg Cn
Uup UuhUuh Uus
Uus Uuo
Ra Ac
Ac Rf
Rf Db
Bh Hs
Hs Mt
Uut Uuq
Uuq UupCn UutUuo
Ra

108 226
276

Hafnium
Rutherfordium
Hafnium
Rutherfordium

267

Lα 8.40Mα 1.77
Lα 8.40Mα 1.77 271

183.85Kα 21.18
Lα 2.84
Kα 21.18
Lα 2.84 195.09

106.4

Gold

Lα 12.032

Bh

Fr
Fr

104
104

Lα 8.15
Mα 1.71
Lα 8.15
Mα 1.71 268

180.95

Tantalum
Tantalum89
270

Lα 7.90
Mα 1.64

74
74

Pt

102.91

Kα 20.22
Lα 2.70
Kα 20.22
Lα 2.70 192.2

45

Ta
Re
Os Lα 9.99
Lα 9.44 W
Lα
9.71
Ta
Re
IrIr
Mα 2.05W
Mα
2.12 Os Mα 2.20

73
73
Rhenium
Rhenium

226

178.49Hf

72
72

101.07

Kα 19.24
Lα 2.56
Kα 19.24
Lα 2.56 190.2

44

Osmium
Osmium88
88

La

Lanthanum
LanthanumLα 9.18
7.90
Mα Lα
1.98
Mα 1.64

Iridium

Kα 4.65
Lα 0.83
Kα 4.65
Lα 0.83 227

138.91

Kα 18.33
Lα 2.42
Kα 18.33
Lα 2.42 186.2

99

Iridium
Iridium

87 272 223
223
87

Ba

57
57

95.94

Kα 17.45
Lα 2.29
Kα 17.45
Lα 2.29 183.85

42

PlatinumLα 4.47

Lα 8.91
Lα 4.47Mα
1.91

Kα 16.58
Lα 2.17
Kα 16.58
Lα 2.17 180.95

92.91

Gold

Lα 4.29

56
56

Kα 15.75
Lα 2.04
Kα 15.75
Lα 2.04 178.49

40

Zirconium
Zirconium

Lα 8.65
Mα 1.84Lα 4.29

Kα 14.93
Lα 1.92
Kα 14.93
Lα 1.92 138.91

39

Niobium
Niobium

55
55

Kα 13.38
Lα 1.69
Kα 13.38
Lα 1.69 132.91

Kα 14.14
Lα 1.81
Kα 14.14
Lα 1.81 137.34

Strontium
Strontium

87.62

Yttrium
Yttrium

ReCs BaOs La IrHf

186.2

37

Mercury

Copernicium
Copernicium

Fermium
FermiumU

Kα 23.17
Lα 45
3.13

58.93

Kα 6.93
Lα 0.78
Kα 6.93
Lα 0.78 102.91

27
27

Rhodium
Rhodium

Mercury
Mercury

Thulium
Mendelevium
Thulium
Mendelevium

Thulium

238.03

Lα
43
43

55.85

Kα 6.40
Lα 0.70
Kα 6.40
Lα 0.70 101.07

26
26

58.93

Palladium
Palladium

UnunquadiumDysprosium

144.24

Manganese
Technetium
Manganese
TechnetiumKα 22.16
2.98
99
44

54.94

Kα 5.90
Lα 0.64
Kα 5.90
Lα 0.64

25
25

55.85

ThalliumGold

107

41
41

51.99

Kα 5.41
Lα 0.57
Kα 5.41
Lα 0.57 95.94

Kα 21.18
Lα 2.8442

50.94

Kα 4.95
Lα 0.51
Kα 4.95
Lα 0.51 92.91

Vanadium
Vanadium

Lead

Ununtrium
Ununtrium

Holmium
Holmium

Ytterbium

Lα 13.61
Mα 3.17Chromium

Thallium
Thallium

Ununquadium
Ununquadium

Erbium
ErbiumNobelium
NobeliumaSilverIndiumIndiumUnunpentium

Ytterbium
Ytterbium

13.29
3.08

Rhodium

Titanium
TitaniumKα 4.51
Lα 0.45
Kα 4.51
Lα 0.45 91.22

24
24

54.94

Iron
Iron

SilverSilverBismuth
Ununpentium
Bismuth
Ununpentium

Lawrencium
Lawrencium

92

Chromium
Palladium

51.99

CobaltCobaltCadmium
Cadmium

Lead
Lead

Ununhexium

LutetiumLα 5.23
Mα 0.98

Cadmium

Polonium Ununhexium
Ununhexium
Polonium

Polonium

LutetiumProtactinium
Praseodymium
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57

231

Potassium

Lα
38
38

44.96

Scandium
ScandiumKα 4.09
Lα 0.40
Kα 4.09
Lα 0.40 88.91

22
22

50.94

NickelNickelTin

Ununseptium Lutetium

5.03
0.93

CopperBismuthUnunoctium
Ununoctiumr

CopperIndiumTin

Nb
Mo 79Tc
Rh
Ag 82
Te
Rb 76SrSr 190.2YY 77 Zr
Zr192.2 Nb
Tc 196.97RuRu 80 Rh
In 83 SnSn
200.59 Pd
208.98 Sb
210
Cd 207.19In
78 195.09
Mo
Pd81 204.37
Ag
Sb84 TeRb
Cd

Kα 18.33
Lα 2.4237

40.08

Calcium
Calcium

Kα 3.69
Lα 0.34
Kα 3.69
Lα 0.34 87.62

21
21

47.90

Gallium
Gallium

Antimony
Antimony

Astatine
Ununseptium
Astatine
Ununseptium

60

Ruthenium

44.96

Germanium
Germanium

75

39.10

20
20

40.08

Zinc
Zinc

Radon

140.91

Magnesium
MagnesiumTin

Kα 3.31
Lα 0.26
Kα 3.31
Lα 0.26 85.47

19
19

39.10

Antimony

Tellurium
Tellurium

Sg

SodiumSelenium

Astatine

106

Iron
Arsenic
Arsenic

IodineIodine

Radon
Radon

271

NickelSelenium
Tellurium

Xenon
Xenon

8

CopperKα 1.49

Kα 2.01

Phosphorus
Phosphorus

BromineBromineW

50

Kα 1.74

35.45
17
18
Kα 35.45
11.91
17
18

39.95

Kα 0.85

Ne
Ne

Kα 0.85BrKα 0.68

FF

18.99
20.18
10
79.90
35 18.99
36
20.18
10

9

Kα 0.68

9

Xenon

Lα 8.40Mα 1.77

28
28

49

Kα 1.49

SiliconSilicon

Iodine183.8548

32.06

Kα 0.52

16
Kα 11.21
30.97
16

Kα 0.52
SulfurSulfurKrypton
Krypton

74

47

15.99

OO

15.99
878.96Se

30.97

Kα 0.3915
15

Kα 0.39

8

Krypton5

Cobalt23
23

46

114.82Kα 0.28Kα 0.28

0.39
34
0.39

NN

Chlorine
ChlorineCa
Ti VV Pd
Cr Mn
Mn
Co Ni
Ni InCu
Cu Zn
Zn
Ga Sb
Ge As
As Te
Se Br
BrI KrKr Xe
AgFeFe Cd
TcKK Ca
Ru ScSc Rh
SnGa
Ti
Cr
Co
Ge
Se

45

112.40Zinc

Kα 1.25

107.87

Gallium

Kα 1.04

106.4

Aluminum
Aluminum

Al Lα 1.28
Si PPLα 1.38 SS
Al
Si
118.6951 121.75
52 127.60

Kα 9.88
Lα 1.19

As

28.09
Kα 14
10.53
28.09
26.98
14

26.98

7

12.01
7
74.92

12.01

CC

Argon
Argon

Kα 17.45
Lα 2.29

Mo

Chromium

43

Lithium

102.91Kα 9.24
Lα 1.1013
13

Kα 0.18

Kα 0.18

10.81

3366

10.81

BB

Germanium

Kα 1.25

5

5
72.59

Ga Ge

32
Arsenic

42

Lithium
SodiumPotassium
Manganese
Technetium

22.99

KαPrincipal
8.63
Lαlines
1.01keV

Zn

69.72
Boron
Boron

Lα
0.70
Na Mg
Mg
Na
99
44 101.07

Kα 8.04
Lα 0.93

Cu

31
SeleniumKα 1.04

Kα 7.47
Lα 0.85

Ni

Symbol30
CarbonCarbonLα 0.64

Kα 6.93
Lα 0.78

Co

63.55

4.00

4.00

39.95

He Kα 2.96

2Bromine95.94

Kα 0.11

29
Nitrogen
Nitrogen

24.31
12 6.40
Kα
24.31
12

Kα 0.1128
OxygenOxygenKα 5.9011
11

58.93

Fluorine
Fluorine

22.99

Kα 0.05

Kα 0.0527

2

18

Cl He Ar

35.45

Kα 2.62

17

Neon
Neon

1

Beryllium
Beryllium

Mn Fe

Be
Be

9.01
4
55.85
26
9.01

4

S

Kα 2.31

32.06

Ne

20.18

Kα 0.85

10Argon

Kα 5.41
Lα 0.57

Cr

6.94

HydrogenHydrogenLi
Li

Aluminum354.946.94

Silicon3

Phosphorus

25

Atomicweight65.37

PKα 2.0116
Sulfur

51.99

Key

Si

Kα 1.74

30.97

Chlorine

24

Atomicnumber58.71

AlKα 1.49

15

F

18.99

Kα 0.68

9

HeliumHelium

4

1.01

1.01

Carbon

HH

28.09

O

15.99

Kα 0.52

8
Oxygen

1

Boron

14

Nitrogen

26.98

0.39

N

Kα 0.39

7
Fluorine

13

C

12.01

Kα 0.28

6
Neon

1

B

10.81

Helium

Kα 0.18

5

He

Y
X-ray Fluorescence Periodic Table

Lawrencium

Nobelium

Fermium

Einsteinium

Californium

Berkelium

CuriumAmericium

Plutonium

Neptunium

Uranium

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