IMSS Symposium 2011
December 6-7, 2011
Epochal Tsukuba

Science Cases
of Energy Recovery Linac
Shin-ichi Adachi
Photon Factory, KEKOutline• Fundamental features of ERL• Science cases• Grand challenges• Summary

ERL Sciencefrom fundamental features to the grand challenges

ERL for realizing sustainable future
Ultrafastscience

Coherent imaging,
Hierarchal structure ofnon-periodic systems

Shortpulse

High reprate

Spatialcoherence

Nano-scienceHighbrilliance

NanofocusingSpatial features of 3GeV ERL(natural emittance, electron beam size, and divergence)
SourcesNaturalemittance(nmrad)

sxmm

symm

sx’
mrad

sy’
mrad

ERL(3GeV)

0.017

7.1

7.1

2.3

2.3

Diffraction limit @ ~7keV
SPring-8(8GeV)

3.4

298

6.1

12

1.1

PhotonFactory(2.5GeV)

36600

128829Temporal features of 3GeV ERL(rep rate, photons, and duration)
SourceRep rate

Photons/pulse

Photons/sec

Pulse duration

ERL

1.3GHz103-106

1012-1015

100fs-1ps

high rep rate, non-destructive
SASE-XFEL~1012

60-120Hz~1014

10-100fs

low rep rate, single-shot, high peak power
Storage ring

1MHz-500MHz

106-1091012-1015~100ps

ERL Science Cases
Ultrafastscience

X-ray
correlation
spectroscopy

ERL
Science

Coherent
X-ray
imagingNanoscience

Short pulse• Femtosecond pulse• High rep rate

Spatial coherence• Diffraction limit• Non-destructive

Nanobeam• High brilliance• Nano-focusing

Coherent X-ray imaging in 3D
Courtesy of Prof. Yukio Takahashi(Osaka Univ.)(ERL Conceptual Design Report)

Short pulse• Femtosecond pulse• High rep rate

Spatial coherence• Diffraction limit• Non-destructive

Nanobeam• High brilliance• Nano-focusing

Nano-scienceHow does ReRAM work?

Courtesy of Prof. Hiroshi Kumigashira (KEK PF)(ERL Conceptual Design Report)
Short pulse• Femtosecond pulse• High rep rate

Spatial coherence• Diffraction limit• Non-destructive

Nanobeam• High brilliance• Nano-focusing

X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy
hierarchal structures in space and time (e.g. rubber)

Courtesy of Prof. Yuya Shinohara(The Univ. of Tokyo)(ERL Workshop I)

Short pulse• Femtosecond pulse• High rep rate

Spatial coherence• Diffraction limit• Non-destructive

Nanobeam• High brilliance• Nano-focusing

Ultrafast dynamics in photosynthesis

Courtesy of Dr. Junko Yano
(Laurence Berkley National Lab.)(ERL Conceptual Design Report)
Short pulse• Femtosecond pulse• High rep rate

Spatial coherence• Diffraction limit• Non-destructive

Nanobeam• High brilliance• Nano-focusingFuture challenges with ERL
for sustainable society

Exhaustionof Fossil
fuels

Safety ofnuclear
power

GlobalwarmingRenewableenergysourceWorld energy consumption
by fuel type in 2010
Renewables
1.3%

Nuclear energy
5.2%
Hydroelectricity
6.5%
Oil
33.6%Natural Gas
23.8%
Coal
29.6%

Fossil Fuels
Oil + Coal + Natural gas= 87 %

BP statistical review of world energy, June 2011
http://www.bp.com/sectionbodycopy.do?categoryId=7500&contentId=7068481

Energy consumption and supply
on the earth• Incoming solar energy: 5.5x1024 (J/year)• Global energy consumption: 3x1020 (J/year)– 0.005% (~1 hour) of incoming solar energy• Global production of photosynthesis: 3x1021 (J/year)– 0.05% (~10 hours) of incoming solar energy174 PW

How can we capture light energy more efficiently?

Investigating the Climate System, NASA, June 2003
http://www.nasa.gov/pdf/62319main_ICS_Energy.pdf

Key players
Solar Cell and Photocatalyst• Converts light energy to electricity• Large-scale battery is needed for storage• Quantum efficiency : ~20%

• Converts light energy to chemical energy• Stored as hydrogen or hydrocarbons• Quantum efficiency: ~5%

Toward developing highly efficientdye-sensitized solar cell

Ultrafast dynamics of the dye molecule is the key process.

Toward better dye-sensitized solar cell
Ultrafast dynamics of metal complexes revealed bytime-resolved X-ray spectroscopy

Toward artificial photosynthesis
Ultrafast dynamics of photocatalyst

Maeda, K. and Domen K. (2010) J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 1, 2655.

Toward artificial photosynthesis
Hydrogen generation from waterby photocatalyst (Ga1–xZnx)(N1–xOx)

Courtesy of Prof. Kazunari Domen(The Univ. of Tokyo)
Maeda K. et al. (2006) Nature 440, 295

Summary
ERL Sciencefrom fundamental features to the grand challenges

ERL for realizing sustainable future
Ultrafastscience

Coherent imaging,
Hierarchal structure of
non-periodic systemsShortpulse

High reprate

Spatialcoherence

Nano-scienceHighbrilliance

Nanofocusing

Summary #2(by Chi-Chang Kao @ XDL2011, Cornell, June 2011)• In order to realize future light source,– Identify problems that can capture theimagination of many
– Organize the community to develop thescientific case, the necessary tools– Work with accelerator community tosupport the R&D effort

Thank you!