平成２９年度

外 国 語（文学科 英語英文学専攻）
９：３０～１１：００

注 意 事 項１

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２

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４

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５

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６

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７

試験終了後，問題冊子と受験票は持ち帰ってください。

－ 英文

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１

次の英文を読んで，後の問いに答えなさい。

【省略】

Both living in our home country with foreign nationals and living as a foreign national ina foreign country impose a number of communicative challenges. While many of us thinksuch challenges are due simply to a lack of speaking ability, there are many more
fundamental issues involving other aspects of language ability such as cultural knowledge.
（ア） For instance, no matter how many volumes of Japanese manga you go through and nomatter how strong your karate kicks become, there will always be cultural notions of Japanthat you will find difficult to understand as a foreign resident in Japan.
One cultural notion known to be difficult for foreign nationals to understand is theJapanese way of politeness. While the idea that members of a society must be considerateor show respect to others may be universal, it may be realized differently along withdifferent behaviors. For instance, for the same intent of politeness, Americans may tear off
the wrapping paper of a gift they’ve just received as quickly as possible, while Japanese
will put much effort into opening it up as nicely as possible. The same intent can beexpressed differently by people of different cultures.
One Japanese cultural notion related to politeness is “honne” and “tatemae”: the true
feeling (or intention) and the appearances (or faces) presented to others. To those from
cultures that value sincerity highly, the Japanese practices of honne and tatemae may seem
unusual. In fact, concealing the true feelings or sometimes even enduring undesirable
circumstances (gaman) for others has long been a virtue of Japan. To the Japanese people
who have valued the integrity and harmony regarded as the ultimate goal for all socialsystems, “tatemae” plays an important role not to embarrass others and hence, not to createconflicts.
We perceive things and interact with others based on the cultural notions that we haveinternalized since our birth. Likewise, the application of tatemae by the Japanese is asubconscious process, which is an integral part of Japanese life. For instance, how honne
and tatemae are handled by Japanese business people at a business meeting once drewattention among Western business people who were eager to tie up with a Japanesecompany. At the negotiation table, the Japanese saying of, “we’ll think about yourproposal” was sometimes received as a sign of positive endorsement of the deal byWestern negotiators, while the Japanese counterparts actually meant a “no” to the deal intheir politeness.

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８－４ －【省略】
Why is it difficult to understand others’ minds? One obvious reason is because we apply

our own cultural values known as “cultural baggage” to the understanding of others’
behaviors. （ イ ） People with different cultural backgrounds show different behavioral
patterns to the same event, as if seeing the same statue from a different angle. If we wish totruly understand how others’ see the statue, it is inevitable to stand first in their position; inother words, be in their shoes.
The idea that knowledge is power has never been truer in this fast changing global
society. We should know how our foreign partners approach a given situation, and we need
to be aware of how we handle our cultural values. It is probably （ウ）the latter that is more
important in cross-cultural communication because as we expect others to practice theircultural values in consideration of ours, we are expected to do the same by others. Ourknowledge of differing socio-cultural values and customs including ours will make not just
our life, but also others’ much easier in the global society. From where should we start forthis mutual understanding? By knowing ourselves, I believe.
(From ‘Know Yourself First in Cross-Cultural Communication,’ Life in a Multi-lingualand Multi-cultural Society, pp.77-78, by Siwon Park, Tokyo: Kenkyusha, 2013)
注endorsement : 承認，保証

問１

次の（１）〜（15）から第１音節を最も強く発音する語を５つ選び，その番号を記入しなさい。

（１）a-bil-i-ty（２）ap-pear-ance（３）cir-cum-stance（４） cul-tur-al（５）fun-da-men-tal（６）in-teg-ri-ty（７）like-wise（８）ne-go-ti-a-tor（９）ob-vi-ous（10）po-lite-ness（11）re-spect（12）sit-u-a-tion（13）so-ci-e-ty（14）un-der-stand（15）vir-tue

問２

次の（１）〜（５）を（）内の指示に従って適切な形になおしなさい。

（１）application（動詞形） （２）consideration（動詞形）（３） knowledge（動詞形） （４）sincerity（形容詞形） （５）strong（名詞形）
問３

下線部（ア）を日本語になおしなさい。

問４

下線部（イ）を日本語になおしなさい。

問５

下線部（ウ）が指示する内容を日本語で説明しなさい。

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８－５ －問６

次の（１）～（５）について，問いの答えとして最も適したものを(a)～(d)からそれぞれ１つ選び，その記号を記入しなさい。
（１） What is the main topic of the article?

（a） Communication problems between people with different cultural backgrounds.
（b） Relations between different races.
（c） Relations between foreign countries.
（d） Communication problems caused by poor speaking skills.
（２） Why does the writer talk about opening presents?

（a） To argue that many Japanese are slow at using their hands.
（b） To give an example of different ways of being polite in different cultures.
（c） To argue that many Americans rush through simple chores.
（d） To give an example of common points among different cultures.
（３） What is the importance of “tatemae” for Japanese society?

（a） It helps to create social equality for everyone.
（b） It increases sincerity in public life.
（c） It prevents public conflicts between people.
（d） It encourages conflicts between people.
（４） 削除（５） In the author’s opinion, why do people often misunderstand other cultures?

（a） Because people don’t understand foreign languages well enough.
（b） Because other cultures are not very interesting.
（c） Because people are not aware of the culture that shapes their own behavior.
（d） Because foreigners often communicate directly.

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２

次の問いに，80 語程度の英文で答えなさい。

What is an important memory that you have from your high school days? What
happened and what do you feel about it today?

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