Special Feature

NTT Group Communication EXPO—
R&D Exhibit Report
Abstract
Marking the 20th anniversary of NTT’s privatization,
the NTT Group Communication EXPO was held from
December 20th to 22nd, 2005 at the Tokyo International
Forum to let people experience the ubiquitous broadband
society envisioned by the NTT Group.

1. EXPO overview
April 2005 marked the 20th anniversary of NTT’s
privatization. In the years to come, the NTT Groupaims to continue in its role as a unified group of companies that can be relied upon to provide safe andsecure services at all times. In this spirit, the NTT
Group held the NTT Group Communication EXPOto show the general public the novel ways in which it
intends to deal with the challenges of the future.
This event was quite diverse. In addition to talks
given by NTT’s President and CEO Norio Wada andthe presidents of various NTT Group companies, it
included a wide array of seminars, celebrity appearances including one by the Seattle Mariners’ Ichiro
Suzuki, who appears in NTT Group commercials,
and exhibition corners to enable visitors to experience for themselves the ubiquitous broadband society
envisioned by the NTT Group. This article focuses on
the Future Square and the Technology Lab., two exhibition corners that incorporated many examples of
R&D accomplishments from the NTT Group.
2. Future Square
How will the world of tomorrow envisioned by the
NTT Group take shape? The Future Square corner
was designed to enable EXPO visitors to experiencethe lifestyle of the near future that the field of information-communications will help to bring about.
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Future Square was divided into four zones—Experiencing, Learning, Living, and Meeting—as described
below.
2.1 Experiencing
This zone consisted of seven demonstrations under
the theme of “Discovering New Means of Perception.” These were “Space Collaboration” that enables
physically separated sites to share a common screen,“Dream Boutique” that provides virtual-reality experiences, “Aroma Salon” that transmits healing aromas, “Virtual Humanoid” that enables alter ego communication, “MeetBall,” a conversation conductor,“Information Snow,” where information appears toalight on one’s hands, and “Mirror Interface,” whichenables users to communicate seamlessly across theborder between real and virtual [1].
In Information Snow, a video image of falling snow
was projected onto the floor of the exhibit area. Upon
entering the area and noticing this image of fallingsnow, a visitor could hold out his hands and let snow
crystals fall onto his palms. These snow crystals thenmelted on his palms changing into an image on eachhand. This system lets users receive information by
the act of catching falling snow flakes. A user may
also fuse the image on his left hand with the image on
his right hand to form a new image related to those
two images. In short, a user may manipulate received
information to access new information.
Information Snow demonstrates a novel interface
NTT Technical Review

Special Featurethat aims to create a new relationship between information and the user. In contrast to signs, posters, anddisplays on the street, the palms of a person’s hands
provide a private space for only that person. Furthermore, the information received by purposely holdingout one’s palms is apt to become more familiar to
oneself than information that aimlessly flows in frontof one’s eyes. The NTT Group is researching similar
methods that change the way in which people
encounter information through technology.
Figure 1 shows a general view of the demonstration system, which is centered about a piece of equipment called “MeetBall.” This equipment was developed as a communication-support tool. It determines
the current state of the communication site throughimage and audio sensors and presents stimuli throughprojected displays to help smooth out the communication process. The Information Snow exhibit used
MeetBall to support encounters with information.
When a user steps into the area below MeetBall, theequipment determines the position of the user’s bodyand that of the user’s hands through image-recognition techniques. The positions of both hands can be
determined by extracting flesh-colored areas of theimage. Then, by projecting images in accordancewith the positions of the user’s palms, information
can be displayed directly on the palms. The angle ofthe projected image can also be adjusted based on thepositional relationship between the user’s body andpalms with the result that the video image is always
displayed in the correct direction. The exhibit used
two MeetBall units, each capable of recognizing
three persons simultaneously and projecting images
for each of them. Also, when combining specificimages on visitors’ palms, the two MeetBall units
MeetBallcould be linked with externally connected lighting
equipment to provide a light show while music
played in the background. Many visitors to thisexhibit enjoyed the experience of receiving andmanipulating information on the palms of theirhands.
2.2 Learning
Under the theme of “Stimulating Curiosity,” theLearning zone consisted of five demonstrations.
Nazuki is a Japanese-language search engine capableof semantic analysis. “At-home Culture School” hasteachers come to you over the network. “Global
Academy” [2] enables users to explore the night sky
in the southern hemisphere and the earth itself. “ViscuitLand” [3] is created jointly by users on a dream(illusory) campus. “EcoGeo Research” enables users
to observe the world in a natural manner from theviewpoint of a bird.
The “Viscuit” in ViscuitLand is a tool for creating
programs by pictures with the aim of animating thosepictures. It enables anyone to program with ease.
With this tool, one can draw pictures and createsounds on a personal computer and animate thosepictures while multiple users are working on a single
picture or animation over the network. Viscuit wasdeveloped to facilitate communication through thefree use of pictures and animation without users having to understand the concepts of a network or files.
At this EXPO, visitors were able to get hands-on
experience with Viscuit and create an animated picture book under the theme of “Christmas Night on
Viscuit” (Fig. 2). The pictures drawn by people using
Viscuit for the first time on six personal computerswere displayed on large screens in front of the users
by three projectors with the entire display becoming
one animated picture. This, together with a common
background of a starlit night that scrolled slowly

CameraProjector

Fig. 1. Information Snow exhibit system.

Vol. 4 No. 5 May 2006

Fig. 2. ViscuitLand exhibit.

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Special Feature

Fig. 3. Remote control of an excavator in a mountainin Chile.

Fig. 4. The heartwarm@home demonstration.

across the large screens in the horizontal direction,
made for a beautiful animated picture that provided
the exhibition site with a Christmas-night performance. Pictures that people drew at the exhibit could
also be viewed at home on their own personal computers over the Internet [3].
In Global Academy, the exhibition site in Tokyo
was connected via an optical network to an astronomical observatory in Chile, South America, on theother side of the world. This demonstration system letvisitors observe the southern sky, which normallycannot be seen from Japan. Visitors were also able toremotely control a copper-mine excavator in the heartof a mountain in Chile (Fig. 3).

warm@home indicates the presence of the other person via sensor data. The demonstration system consisted of three PCs with touch panels, which provide
a simple and fun interface ideal for children and theelderly. Visitors to the exhibit were able to experience
this sense of continuous connection with another person. With the coming of the aging society, we areproposing the heartwarm@home system as a newcommunication-support system that anyone, including the elderly, can operate with ease.
In the Keitai de go demonstration, the streets of
Kamakura provide a stage where visitors could experience the convenient and enjoyable lifestyle madepossible by the cellular phone, now an indispensable
part of daily life, providing camera and wallet functions in addition to calling and messaging.

2.3 Living
The Living zone consisted of eight demonstrations
under the theme of “Turning Hopes into Reality.” The“heartwarm@home” system provides a feeling of
being connected at all times, “Keitai de go” makes
life more enjoyable with a cellular phone, “Talking
Home Appliance Net” makes housekeeping a more
pleasant endeavor, “Net Life Showcase” supports
connecting, talking, viewing, and enjoying, “Optical
network-based Future Theater” provides an ultrahigh-quality viewing experience, “NaviShop” promotes smart shopping, “Pet Hotline” lets you be withyour pet anytime and anywhere, and “Health Checkover the Net” provides daily and enjoyable support
for one’s physical condition.
The heartwarm@home demonstration introduced a
new style of communication whereby family members living far from each other can mutually convey
their general condition in a continuous but unobtrusive manner over an optical broadband connection(Fig. 4). Consisting of a PC-based videophone and a
traditional lamp with a built-in human sensor, heart16

2.4 Meeting
Under the theme of “Resonant and Open Interaction,” the Meeting zone presented two exhibits:“Broadband & Ubiquitous Cafe,” where people canhave fun and be entertained over the network, and“Messaging Tree,” a net community where everyone
has a leading role. The Broadband & Ubiquitous Cafefeatured five stands: the i-mode stand, OCN stand,goo stand, FLET’S stand, and character stand.
The character stand demonstrated a trial service
that lets users access content on the Internet throughthe recognition of two-dimensional (2D) and threedimensional (3D) objects in the real world. In thisdemonstration, visitors were asked to use a cameraequipped cellular phone to capture an image displayed on a liquid crystal display (LCD) or to take apicture of a 3D figure. The obtained image was thensent to a server, where it was recognized and used for
returning the address of a corresponding Web site
(Figs. 5 and 6). Many visitors that experienced thisNTT Technical Review

Special Feature© SEGA© SEGA

Fig. 5. Capturing a recognition target with a cameraequipped handset.

Fig. 6. Character stand exhibit.

trial service said that they were very impressed.
Here, the process of recognizing the images ofobjects is performed by object-recognition technology embodied in software placed on an NTT imagerecognition server. This technology enables a system
to learn (extract) the features of objects from various
directions in a statistical manner and to register thosefeatures in a dictionary. The image of an object captured by a handset is then compared with the dictionary while varying the size and position of data
pulled from the captured image. The image is recognized if a match is found. Further enhancements tothe feature-extraction and learning methods will
make for an effective, practical technology that candeal with changes in lighting, partially concealed
objects, and complex backgrounds, i.e., one that is
generally robust to the picture-taking environment.
This exhibit was part of a joint experiment conducted with Sega Corporation. NTT was in charge ofthe handset software and image-recognition server,
while Sega was mainly in charge of the content-delivery server. In the demonstration, 2D and 3D figures from Sega and the OCN logo were used as
objects targeted for recognition.
This technology is being studied within NTT
for future business possibilities by the Business
Creation Team in NTT Department III in collaboration with NTT Cyber Space Laboratories.

toward a ubiquitous broadband society. The exhibit
assembled key technologies under the five themes of“Natural Communication,” “Net Life Technology,”“Net Security,” “Key Technologies for Achieving
High-speed, Large-capacity Communications,” and“Ecology & Science.”
3.1 Natural Communication—connecting people
to people and people to technology
The Natural Communication corner was divided
into three technologies and seven systems (services)targeting the exchange of high-quality information(Fig. 7).
(1) High-quality audio processing technology
One exhibit presented a technology called “Cralinet” that can read out any Japanese text accurately
and in an natural-sounding synthetic voice. The exhibit included a demonstration of how Cralinet could be
used to provide realtime synthesis of high-quality
speech approaching that of a human announcer.
The “Wonderhorn” singing-voice synthesis system

3. Technology Lab.
Technology Lab. was set up to publicize thediversity of NTT R&D, the interlinking of NTT
technologies, and the high level of individual
NTT technologies that provide strong support indiverse ways for the NTT Group and its work
Vol. 4 No. 5 May 2006

Fig. 7. Natural communication corner.

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Special Feature

was also demonstrated. This system enables a user tosynthesize a natural-sounding singing voice using avoice type, lyrics, and melody of the user’s choosing.
Also presented was a “Directional AGC Echo Canceller” that can convey the voices of people far fromand close to the microphone in an audio conference atthe same volume to participants at the other site. It
achieves high-quality audio conferencing in which
the position of the microphone is no longer an issue.
The technology introduced here is not limited toaudio conferencing—a video showed how it can also
be applied to family situations in the home.
(2) High-quality video processing technology
A super-high-resolution video codec (SHR-codec)
developed by NTT for high-reality large-screen videocommunications can achieve live transmission ofultra-HDTV images never before experienced bypeople. This codec technology can provide high-reality live services using SHR levels of either 4000 ×2000 or 6000 × 1000 pixels, both of which exceed the
pixel count of HDTV (high-definition television).
The actual demonstrations of the SHR-codec madevisitors feel as if they were actually there and showed
how the ultimate in broadband video communication
services has become a reality. Visitors expressedmuch interest in the levels of resolution used in thedemonstrations.
Next, the “Touch-type DFD Interface” applies adisplay technology that makes use of a phenomenon
called depth-fused 3D (DFD) that lets you experience
3D viewing without having to wear special glasses.
Combined with a touch panel that allows direct input
from a screen, this interface lets you manipulate buttons and switches as if they were the real thing. In thedemonstrations, visitors found that they could operate these 3D buttons and switches in a very intuitive
manner. In addition to simplifying display operation,
this touch-type DFD interface will promote thedesign of truly attractive screens through the use of
beautiful 3D displays.
(3) Applications of high-quality audio and video
technologies
The “Senior Phone” is a video communication service for the aging society that provides an intercomlike experience between an elderly person and that
person’s family. With a touch panel that makes for
intuitive operation and remote Web-cam operationthat allows one party to control the other party’s camera, visitors were able to experience the ease-of-use
and reliability of Senior Phone and to enjoy conversations over high-quality video and audio connections.
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Also in relation to the aging society, the “Care-prevention System” aims to prevent elderly persons
from becoming bedridden. The demonstration of thissystem introduced a scientifically proven program ofpreventing the four main causes of a bedridden life:
broken bones from falling, incontinence, poor nutrition, and a shut-in existence.
3.2 Net Life Technology—for a richer life
Six technologies aiming to provide people with aricher life were introduced in the Net Life Technology corner.
The first was “KANSHINJI Antenna” (Kanshinji isa Japanese word meaning interest), a Japanese-language concept-based filtering system developed as asearch service for Web portals. The demonstration
showed how information of interest to the user could
be obtained from recent news and blog (Web log)
articles by the highly accurate acquisition of articles
related to the semantic content of keywords or sentences input by the user.
Next was “BLOGRANGER,” a next-generation
blog-search system that can arrange search resultsfrom multiple perspectives. It features a unique interface that classifies search results of blog articles by
topics, favorite bloggers, links to news and otheritems, and review-related expressions such as “interesting.” The demonstration enabled visitors to experience how easy searching can be performed with
BLOGRANGER [4].
Then, in the context of providing Web services, the“Web Universal Design” demonstration introduced
guidelines for creating content based on a Web universal design that aims to support the production anduse of a World Wide Web (WWW) for everyone
including the elderly and physically challenged individuals. It also introduced the “TalkingBlog” browser that reads out a blog for the user by synthesized
speech.
There was also a “Home Service Harmony”
demonstration that showed how convenient services
could be provided by combining home appliances as
desired over a home network. The demonstration
showed how appliance-usage history could belearned by the system and how operations became
more intelligent and easier to use the more the system
was used.
Another demonstration introduced “Broadband
Appliance Configuration Technology,” a communication platform for the broadband era. Visitors wereintroduced to new terminal technology providing
novel functions centered about next-generaNTT Technical Review

Special Featuretion means ofcommunication.
These included afunction for controlling home
appliances usinga familiar userinterface, a function for starting
up services bysimply holding
up something infront of the terminal, a function supporting
remote operaFig. 8. RedTacton exhibit.
tion, and a function that provides various types of information using a standby
screen.
Finally, the “RedTacton” demonstration introduced
a technology that uses the human body as a path fortransmitting signals, enabling close-range communications using everyday actions and gestures. This is
an innovative human-area networking technologythat uses electric fields on the surface of the body asa transmission medium. The demonstration showed
how RedTacton could be used to exchange digitalbusiness cards by simply shaking hands, a capability
that attracted much interest (Fig. 8).
3.3 Net Security—making the network society
safer
The Network Security corner introduced seventechnologies for creating a safer network society.
NTT’s “MovingFirewall” technology protects networks and servers from distributed denial of service(DDoS) attacks, a form of network crime that can create serious obstacles to Internet use. This technology
can accurately detect the occurrence of DDoS
attacks, analyze specific attacks, create countermeasures, and make full reports. Detection rules can also
be customized to support policies unique to each customer—up to 30,000 detection rules can be set using
a dedicated board.
“SENACSY” is a system that provides secureaccess to a corporate network. It automatically selects
an access line in accordance with the site being connected to and provides simple and safe “one-click”
connections. The demonstration showed how
SENACSY eliminates the need for end users to makecomplicated network-connections and how a secureVol. 4 No. 5 May 2006

and convenient access system can be achieved in a
low-cost manner.
“STRAGEX” is a security management system
consisting of personal computers with no built-in
disks (diskless PCs) and a large-capacity remote storage unit. It prevents information leaks and disasterrelated data loss by providing centralized and uniform management of PC operating systems (OSs),applications, and data at a remote location. The
demonstration of STRAGEX technology showed
how a diskless PC can be booted and operated withthe same feeling as an ordinary PC and how a set ofmanagement functions can perform OS management
without bothering the end user.
NTT’s “Single-chip Fingerprint Authentication”
system was also presented. While conventional fingerprint-authentication devices use high-performance processors to recognize fingerprints read in bya sensor, this system performs the full range of tasks
from fingerprint reading to authentication on one
chip the size of a fingertip. As a result, fingerprint
authentication can now be incorporated in small andinexpensive devices as opposed to relatively large
devices like PCs and cellular phones as done in thepast. This capability generated much interest in thedemonstration.
The “Data Tracing System” developed by NTT performs quality control in the distribution process. Taking the perishable-foods industry as an example, thedemonstration showed how quality control could be
performed in the transport process by combining
wireless terminals and built-in temperature andhumidity sensors with cases of fresh food.
Also, in the area of encryption technology, which is
becoming crucial to ensuring security in various
types of services on the network, the EXPO introduced the “Camellia” encryption algorithm and“quantum cryptography.” Developed as a joint project with Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, the Camellia algorithm features the world’s highest level of performance. As a cipher that can be flexibly implemented in accordance with the usage environment
and that can achieve high-speed processing on any
platform, Camellia is the first Japan-produced
encryption algorithm adopted as a next-generation
standard cipher for ISO/IEC and Internet use.
Quantum cryptography, on the other hand, is theultimate encryption technology that can guarantee
secure operations unconditionally through the use of
the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. NTT
is demonstrating the effectiveness of quantum cryptography by proposing a new protocol (differential19

Special Featurephase-shift quantum-key distribution) and conducting transmission experiments using optical fiber.
3.4 Key Technologies for Achieving High-speed,
Large-capacity Communications—developing the network
This corner introduced nine elemental technologies
for achieving high-speed, large-capacity networks inthe four network categories of subscriber networks,
relay networks, intra-building and intra-office networks, and mobile communications networks.
(1) Subscriber networks
This network category consisted of three exhibits:“Free-bending Optical Fiber Cord,” “Advanced Optical Wiring Kit for Fiber to the Home (FTTH),” and“B-FLET’S Splitter.”
The free-bending optical fiber cord can transmit
optical signals even if bent, folded, or knotted, which
would cause ordinary optical fiber to leak light andwould disable communications. Visitors to the exhibit were impressed that this cord can be used just likemetal-wire-based ones by ordinary people without
any special knowledge of fiber optics.
The advanced optical wiring kit for FTTH applications, which was developed jointly with Matsushita
Electric Works, provides a full set of components for
installing optical wiring in the home from the opticalcabinet installed on the premises to optical outlets situated inside the house. This kit eliminates the needfor special skills in installing optical wiring andshortens the time required for installation.
The B-FLET’S splitter is an optical splitter that utilizes planar lightwave circuit (PLC) technology. This
splitter is now being used as a key device in subscriber networks that provide B-FLET’S services.
PLC, which is an original NTT development, is
known for its high reliability and high affinity withmass production. It uses quartz glass having extremely stable properties, which makes it possible to ensurehigh-reliability operation and low-loss, high-reliability connections with optical fiber that uses the same
type of quartz glass.
(2) Relay networks
Four elemental technologies were introduced inthis network category: “Generalized Multiprotocol
Label Switching (GMPLS) Technology,” “PLC Optical Switch,” “Arrayed Waveguide Grating (AWG)
for Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing(DWDM),” and “Photonic Board.”
Generalized multiprotocol label switching wasdeveloped to achieve flexible optical networks. It was
introduced here as a platform technology for con20

structing multi-function large capacity networks in an
economical manner.
The PLC optical switch and AWG for DWDM aretypical optical components based on PLC technology. The former integrates many optical-switch elements in various circuit configurations all on a single
chip, while the latter multiplexes and demultiplexes
many optical signals of different wavelengths resulting in a key device for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
The photonic board is a function integration boardthat integrates node functions into PLC and improves
the functionality of a photonic network. It provides
essential node functions including optical add drop
multiplexing, variable optical attenuation, and wavelength switching.
(3) Intra-building and intra-office networks
A “Pluggable WDM System” that can use WDM
by sensing local area network devices was introducedin this network category. Based on a pluggable unitthat simplifies the insertion and removal of small
optical modules, this system facilitates the economical construction of diverse systems that use WDM.
The demonstration presented actual examples of thedevices used by this system.
(4) Mobile communications networks
The demonstration held in the network category
introduced a “1-Gbit/s High-speed Transmission
Experiment” as a step toward a 4th-generation
mobile-communications system. On May 9, 2005,
this experiment achieved realtime packet-signaltransmission at a maximum data-transfer rate of 1
Gbit/s on the downlink. This 1-Gbit/s realtime signaltransmission can be achieved even in wireless environments with weak radio signals by applying NTT
DoCoMo’s proprietary signal-separation techniquebased on a short processing time in a 100-MHz frequency bandwidth.
3.5 Ecology & Science—focusing attention onsociety and the future
The Ecology & Science corner introduced six technologies related to ecology, the theme most recently
taken on by NTT Laboratories, and science, its earliest theme. At first glance, it may seem that ecology
and leading-edge science are the furthest apart among
all the themes researched by NTT Laboratories, but inreality, they have a very close relationship. In short,
one useful way of directly applying leading-edge science for the betterment of society is ecology.
(1) Ecology
Three ecology-related technologies were exhibited:
NTT Technical Review

Special Feature“Hepchin Pollen Information,” “Clean Energy System,” and “High-capacity Micro Fuel Cell.”
The Hepchin Pollen Information system provides
realtime forecasts of the ever-changing dispersion of
cedar pollen. Pollen sensors automate measurementtasks and a pollen-dispersion simulator predicts theamount of scattered pollen. This system issues
pollen-distribution forecasts hourly and can makepredictions up to 48 hours in advance. The information can be displayed on a map on either a Web site[5] or cellular-phone screen.
The demonstration of NTT’s Clean Energy System
introduced a long-life, high-performance power supply whose compact and lightweight configuration
makes it ideal for use as a transportable power supply
during natural disasters. It uses clean nickel metal
hydride storage cells containing no lead. The Highcapacity Micro Fuel Cell demonstration introduced amicro fuel cell that uses hydrogen as fuel and enables
nine hours of continuous talk time for FOMA handsets.
(2) Leading-edge science
Among the various research topics related to leading-edge science, the Ecology & Science corner
exhibited the “Mimamoni Monitoring System,” the“Quantum Computer,” and an “Experience Melding
Vestibular Electrical Stimuli with Sensory Computer
Graphics.”
The Mimamoni Monitoring System can accurately
detect movement and facial features in a video signal.
The detected image can then be used to display areasor persons of interest in an easy-to-view manner evenon the small displays used on cellular handsets.
(Mimamoni is derived from the Japanese words mi tosee, mamoru to protect, and monitor)
As a type of computer that exploits the principles ofquantum mechanics to the full, the quantum computer, if realized, would require only a few seconds tosolve problems—such as factoring a large prime
number—that would normally take 10,000 years fortoday’s most advanced computers. In a quantum
computer, the unit of information is a quantum bit.
NTT Laboratories has successfully made such aquantum bit in a promising solid-state system. At the
EXPO, an actual single-quantum-bit chip was presented under a microscope and a quiz to deepen one’s
understanding of quantum mechanics was given (Fig.
9).
Finally, in the demonstration introducing an experience that melds galvanic vestibular (inner-ear) stimulation with sensory computer graphics, a feeling ofacceleration obtained by sending weak electric curVol. 4 No. 5 May 2006

Fig. 9. Quantum computer exhibit.

rents through the inner ear (vestibule) was combinedwith a racing simulator to produce a unique sensory
attraction that can be enjoyed even at home. Many
visitors to this exhibit had the opportunity to experience this novel technique.
4. After the EXPOThe NTT Group Communication EXPO provided
visitors with the opportunity to experience for themselves a variety of projects that herald the future ofcommunications envisioned by the NTT Group. It
was a meaningful and productive event that enabled
the NTT Group to hear various opinions from many
people about the R&D that it is promoting and toengage in energetic discussions on desired services.
To respond in earnest to these valuable opinions andsincere requests, the NTT Group intends to devote
even more energy to its R&D endeavors.
For further information, please contact:
NTT Department III
R&D Promotion/Policy Manager
Tel: +81-3-5205-5335
References
[1]

[2]

[3]
[4]
[5]

E. Hosoya, I. Harada, H. Sato, and A. Onozawa, “Mirror Interface—
An Interactive Communication System Utilizing the Metaphor of a
Mirror,” NTT Technical Review, Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 22-27, 2006 (thisissue).
H. Uose, M. Oinuma, K. Noguchi, Y. Sakai, K. Tatematsu, E. S. Vera,
N. Baloian, H. Pulgar, M. Ramos, and L. F. Mujica, “Global Academy—Remote Network Applications Connecting Japan and Chile over
GEMnet 2 and R&E Networks,” NTT Technical Review, Vol. 4, No.
5, pp. 28-39, 2006 (this issue).
http://www.viscuit.com/ (in Japanese).
http://ranger.labs.goo.ne.jp/ (in Japanese).
http://kafun-info.hi-ho.ne.jp/index.html (in Japanese).

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