京都大学防災研究所
DPRI, Kyoto Univ.

Disaster Risk Managementand Emergency Management
Hirokazu Tatano
DPRI, Kyoto University

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Disaster Management System in Japan
National

PrefecturalSecretary(Cabinet Office, FDMA)

Central Disaster
Management Council

Designated Public
Corporation

Expert Advisor

Secretary(Prefectural Gov.)
Designated Public
Corporation

Municipal

Residents

Secretary(Municipal Gov.)

Basic Disaster
Management Plan
Designated Government
Organizations

Prefectural Disaster
Management Council
Expert Advisor

Municipal Disaster
Management Council

Prefectural Disaster
Management Plan
Designated Local
Government Organizations

Municipal Disaster
Management Plan

Community Disaster
Management Plan

Hirokazu TatanoDisaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Disaster Cycle
Disaster

Main Focus
of Disaster
Riskmanagement

Preparation

Prevention
Mitigation

Response

Main Focus ofCrisis/Emergency
management

Retrofit
RecoveryHirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Risk Management vs Emergency Management
 Risk management is the management toprevent or mitigate damage in advance (Exante).
 Crisis management, on the other hand, ismanagement to deter damage, prevent its
spread, and bring it to an end after the fact.
 "Risk management is about money, while crisis
management is about survival" (Sasa)
Hirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Risk Management and Crisis Management(Objectives)
Risk management, which covers various levels of risk at
proactive phases, deals with decisions oncountermeasures to be taken in advance, by evaluating
whether the benefits are worth the costs of the measures.
 Crisis management, on the other hand, aims to prevent
damage expansions after the event and to facilitate rapid
response and recovery. Therefore, with limited time andresources available to implement countermeasures, thepriority goals must be narrowed down and quickly be executed.
Hirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University(Disaster) Risk Management Process
Risk Assessment
Risk Treatment(countermeasures/plans)
Implementation/Evaluation

Hirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Disaster

Main Focus
of Disaster
Riskmanagement

Preparation

DesignComponentof DRM

Response

Establishing
Context

Data

Retrofit
RecoveryPrevention
Mitigation

Risk
AnalysisHirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Six steps of Crisis Management
1.

Avoiding the crisis (Prevention and Mitigation)2.

Preparing to manage the crisis （Organizations,Education, Drills)

3.

Recognizing the crisis

4.

Containing the crisis

5.

Resolving the crisis

6.

Recovering from the crisis- to aware the crisis and start response- to prevent the expansion of damages

In the Disaster
Management Plan
Disasterprevention andPreparation
Disaster
Emergency
Response
Disaster
Recovery andRehabilitation
Hirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto University

Disaster Cycle

Context:
Limited time& resources

Conditions
for Crisis
Management

Preparation

Prevention
Mitigation

Disaster

Response

Main Focus ofCrisis/
Emergency
management

Retrofit
RecoveryHirokazu Tatano

Disaster Prevention ResearchInstitute Kyoto UniversitysummaryDisaster Management Plan(DRR Plan)Disaster Risk Management (Disaster Prevention/preparation partin DM Plan)Consists of Disaster prevention/preparation plan and Disaster(emergency) response plan
In Japan, DMPs are enacted in different levels of governments andDM systems are formed to deal with DM in each level.

Focuses Management before a disaster happens, i.e., ex ante
To find most effective preparation to reduce disaster risk

Crisis/ Emergency Management（Disaster response part in DM）


Ex Post Management
To prevent the expansion of damage and to achieve rapid recoveryand reconstruction with the recognition of limited time and resources.
Hirokazu Tatano