Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

Disaster Preparedness for Naturalp (Case Studyingy g inHazards in Japan
Hyogo Prefecture)

N.P Madawan Arachchi
Visiting Researcher(Aug-Nov2014)
ADRC
Assistant Director (Preparedness)
Disaster Preparedness Planning Division
Di t M
DisasterManagementt CCentert
Sri Lanka

Content1. Introduction
2. Japanese DRM System and Sri Lanka system
3. Research Objectives and Methodology
4. Results and Discussion on Hyogo peoples
pPreparedness
5. Recommendation and Conclusion
6. Best practices identified for applying SriLankan system•JapanJapan is beautiful as it has four season

Introduction
••
•
•
•
•
•

Japan is a stratovolcanic
archipelago of 6,852 islands(Wiki di )(Wikipedia)
126 million people ( tenth-largestpopulation)
JJapanisi considered
id d as iislandl dnation
The main four largest islands areHonshu Hokkaido
Honshu,Hokkaido, Kyushu andShikoku (97% of total island)
Philippine plate, Eurasian Plate,
North-American
North
American plate and Pacificplate
Pacific Ring of FireTokyo is the world largest
Metropolitan with 30 million
peopleClimate of Japan• Four seasons• Experiencing extreme
climate events

Comparison of Area and Disaster in Japan with worldLand area of Japan in the world

Disasters comparition

JapanJapandisasters
18%

All otherdisasters
82%

All othercountry

Disaster Management System in Japan
Priminister

NationalLevel

Central Disaster Management
Council

Formulation and promoting
implementation of the Basic Disaster
Management Plan.
Formulation and implementationof the Disaster Management
Operation Plan.

Designated Government Organizations &Designated Public Corporations

PrefectureLevel

GovernorPrefecture Disaster ManagementgCouncil
Designated Local Government Organizations

Formulation and promoting
implementation
loff Locall Disaster
Management Plan.

Designated Local Public Corporations

Municipal
Level

Mayors of the cities
cities, Towns and Villages

FFormulationl ti andd promotingti
implementation of the Basic Disaster
Management Plan.

Municipal Disaster Management Council

Residents Level

Disaster Risk Management in Sri Lanka
Mi i t inMinisters
i charge
hoffSocial Services
Rehabilitation &Reconstruction
Home Affairs
H lth
HealthScience &Technology
HousingNational Council for Disaster
Management
Chair Person : H.E. President
Vice Chairman: Hon. Prime Minister
Leader of Opposition
Nine Provincial Chief Ministers
Five MPs from Opposition

PoliceFiFinance
Land
Fisheries & AquaticResources

Foreign Affairs

Ministry of Disaster Management

Coast Conservation
Irrigation
PowerDefence

Ministers in charge ofWater Supply
Highways
Urban
Development
Education
Environment

DMC

Disaster Management Mechanism
National Disaster Management
Coordination Committee
National Emergency ResponseCommittee••– Nationall Disaster Management Planl– Disaster Preparedness and Emergency
Response Plan
– Early Warning Plan– Emergency Operation Plan– SOPs
– Mitigation Plan– Rehabilitation and Reconstruction pplan

District Disaster Management
Coordinating Committee•Divisional Disaster Management
Coordinatingg Committee

GN level Disaster Management
Coordinating Committee

National Council for the DisasterManagement, Chaired by Presidentof Sri Lanka.
-Disaster Management Policy-Disaster Management Act
Disaster Management Plan

Sub Committees for Response–––––Early Warning dissemination
Evacuation, Search & Rescue
Relief camps,camps Food and Security
Health and Welfare
Restoration of Services, Reconstruction
and Rehabilitation

Natural Hazard in Japan

EarthquakeDate

No of earthquake magnitudes

Magnitude

Name of quak EpicentereDeath toll

September 1, 8.3 M
1923

1923
Great Izu ŌshimaKantō
earthquake

142,800

January
1995

GreatHanshin
earthquake

In JapanWorld17, 7.2 M

March11,11 9.0
90M
2011
05:46:23 UTC(14:46 JST)northern end 6,434ofAwaji
Island2011 Tōhoku 38.510
N,38 510°N
earthquake 142.792°E,
depth
24.4 km

15,88915 889deaths,confirmed.

Typhoon• Floods and Landslide secondary hazards

Early Warning Dissemination Mechanism in Japan•Tsunami
Tsunami Warning•Earthquake EW•Volcanic disaster•Real time earthquake
monitoring system inJapanp•Extreme weatherwarning

Objective of this studying• Studying
d i theh Japanese DisasteriRiskik
Management System, Legal framework andrelated preparedness planningcountermeasure.
• Studying Hyogo prefecture’s people’spreparednesspp
for natural hazards andevaluates the success of the CBDRM program.
• Getting exposure participation DRR activities
by Japanese authorities

Methodology
Basically,B
i ll with
ith objective
bj ti off VR program, studiedt di d th
the JJapanese DRM system.
tFollowings activities were practiced for studying and data collection• Official visiting of government offices responsible for DRR in Japan• Collection of written information and data in relation to DRM in Japan.
• Collection of lows, act and circulars relating DRM issues• Participation of International Disaster Symposiums on DRR• Participation for the presentations delivered by different governmentorganizations• Key
K informant
i fdidiscussion,i
scientifici ifi didiscussion
i withi h professorsf• Participation of CBDRM and other DM program• Town watchingg programp g• Participation of disaster drill

Conducted a survey for studying the Hyogo Prefecture people’s preparedness fornatural hazards• Preparation of questioner with30questions• Pre-test carried out for staff and a fewpeople• Online survey strategy• Sample size was 40

International Symposium attended• InternationalI ttil SymposiumSi
on DDR iin K
KobebUniversity• International Symposium on Water Hazard at
Tokyo National Graduate Institutes for Policu
Studies• International Symposium on Disaster Risk
Reduction (Earthquake) in Kyoto University• International Workshop on Disaster Risk
gat Tohuku Universityy
Management• International Symposium on Asian Disastery g at KanagawagUniversityy
Studying

Results and Discussion
1.

General disastereducation and disaster
experiencei2. Early Warning andE
Evacuation
ti behaviors
b h i
3. School education andcommunity
i basedb d DRM
4. Pre-disaster
preparedness
dactivities

30
ques

Age of people

Results andDiscussion

Experience of people for previous disasters
70.0%

60.0%

No never18%

Yes more
17%

People’s experience onpast disaster and their age

Preesentage

50.0%

40.0%

30.0%

Yes one
65%

20.0%

10.0%

0.0%
10-19

20-39

40-59

AboveAge range

People’s experience on
H hi Awaji
HanshinA ji Earthquake
E hk

People’s experience on Hanshin Awaji Earthquake
Yes, I have an experience on Hyogo
Prefecture’s impact

82.4%

I have heard about that EQ (because Iwas not bornbor I lived
li d ini otherhprefecture)

14.7%
%

2.9%

No

Severity of impact experienced disasters
20.7%
Yes, extremely terrible
20 7%
20.7%
Yes severely affected

Can’tb li
believe48.3%
Yes some effectYes, but it wassignificant impact

notreported

any10.3%

Possibility of occurence big earthquake

People’s idea on possibility
off occurrence llarge scalelearthquake

Yes

77% believe large scale EQ

24% Don’t think

23%

0%

No

77%

I don’t think anymore
earthquakes like theHanshin Awaji EQ

24%???

People’sPl ’ knowing
ki on EW
issuing agency

Knowledge on EW issuing Agency

People’s knowledge on EW issuingagency is appreciable

0%

3%
6%
12%

JMA
Municipalities
Prefectural DMC
I don’t know
Other79%

Usefulness of Earthquake EW

UsefulnessUf l
off EEarthquakehkEarly Warning
No6%

94% believe it is …..

UsefulYes
94%

ResponsePercent

Answer Options

People’sPl ’ decisiond i i onevacuationA)

Yes

61.8%

B)

No

38.2%

62% willing
illi tto evacuatetPrompt action is immediately evacuate

Prompt action??
???

OtherAnswer

Give the message to neighbors

Not
preparedwell

Nothing else runaway
Prepare the family for evacuation
Preparing the emergency pack
0.0%

20.0%

40.0%
g
Percentage

60.0%

80.0%

Evacuation Centers

Identification ofevacuation route andcenterYes0%
9%

3%

3%

No

I search where the place that can bereached easily at that movement

My house is safe building therefore
no need those information

85%

Other

Children’s emergency response
behaviors
76% parents are
confident enough onchildren’s emergency
response behaviors

Perant's satisfaction on children's disaster responce

They know well what
they should do for theprecautions

3%
21%

26%

We have to just guidethem for precautions
We have to protect
hthem

50%

Other

Parents’ idea on school disastereducation
School Disaster Education
70.0%
60.0%
50.0%
Percentage75% parents
t havehsounds idea onChild ’ DM
Children’seducation

40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
Otheror their
They haave not trained fosafeguard

The knowledge gain from the school
is not the appropriate levvel

They have learnt some knowwledge

They haave been trained well toprotecct themselves by sschools

0.0%

Answer sHyogo prefectural government introduced insurance scheme

IInsurance strategies
i forfrisk transferring methods

44.1%
32.4%
23.5%

Govt Insurance 52%
YYes
Some mayhave thepvt Insu

N butNo,b t I want.
t

N I don’t
No,d ’ want.

No
Insurance ?
Privet insurance
52.9%

35.3%

Some may havea Govt insu

11.8%

Yes

No, but I want.

No, I don’t want.

Participation of Disaster Management
Programparticipation of awareness program
Participation off disaster drills
Once

Twice

More times

No any one

18%
29%

15%

85.3%

38%
14.7%

Y
Yes

No

Preparedness Planning activities in Pre-disaster stage

Pre-disasterstage
diactivities

Other

Involvement a member of DM volunteers

Training for facing emergency situation

Applying the building code for earthquake
safety

8.8%

35.3%

64.7%

58 8%
58.8%

Introducing the safety measures amonghouseholders

79.4%

Preparing emergency disaster kit
64.7%

People's learning methods

Ways off gaining
Wi i disasterdieducation on response
73.5%

58.8%

35.3%

14.7%

School

14.7%

Parents / Family

Media

Local disastermanagement
authorities

Other

Tsunami hitting time

People’sl ’ Knowledge
Kl d onTsunami hit time

71% people have appropriate answer
for this question
70.6%

Don’t know people are also
considerable number and should begiven the awareness

20.6%

2.9%

2.9%

2.9%

10 min.

20 min.

30min.

more than
30min.

Don’t know or
Never come.

Resistant
Rilevell l off People’sP
l ’house for seismic intensity

Resistant level of houses
Earthquake safety measures
taken

6M
3%
7M
30%

38%

38% people
l ddon’t’t havehididea on ththeir
ihouses’ EQ resistant level

NNo
50%

Y
Yes
50%

8M
29%

Don’t know theresistance level

Either they were aware or not, 50%
people have confidence on theirhouses’ strength

Investment willing to thesafety of their houses andexpected incentives for
retrofitting the houses

people's willingness of investment for the safety of theirhouses
50 0%
50.0%
40.0%
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
Yes big portion

Yes some

Yes few

I don’t spend any
amountRetrofitting of houses
Consultancy for earthquake preparedness

People expect

8.8%

Financial assistant for retrofitting

8.8%

8.8%
Easy long schemes (For Eg easy payment
8.8%
methods, low interest or interest free.etc)

O l
Only

I am sure,, myy house is resistance for anyy
earthquake therefore I don’t need any
incentives
Other

64.7%

Per week hours willing to pay for DRM works

The time people
prefer to spend for thedisaster preparedness
works

More than 3 hours

3 hours

2 hours

2 9%
2.9%

0.0%

8.8%

Less than 1 hour
88.2%

Usage off socialU
i l media
di forf
information sharing

PercentageeSocial media

45.0%
40.0%

Many people have ideas that social
media are very important for disaster
information sharing

35.0%
30.0%
25.0%
20.0%
15.0%
10.0%
5.0%

75%

0.0%
St
Stronglyl
important for all

ImportantSlightly important
It is not important
People's responceIdentified Best Practices in the Hyogo
Prefectural DM system• Establishment
bli handd Operation
Oi off 24-hour
2 h• Hyogo Satellite Communication• Video Phone System• Helicopter video transmission system• Continues Practice of drills• DevelopingD l i theth websites
b it• Preparation of multi-purpose structures such as
Mikiiki DisasteriManagement Parkk• Introduction of building codes

Cont..
Cont• Kobe city Education support
program

Kobe city Board of Education and KCFB (Whichsupports Bokumi) jointly developed a series ofdisaster prevention education program which
can be used at schools• TownTW
Watching
t hi

better understandingbd
di off theh surrounding
dienvironment and prevents adverse effect of thedisasters, 2 times per month• Museum very knowledgeable
School, and other higher education• Community Emergency Drill Community,
institutes
programpg• Miki Earthquake Disaster
Management Park

Recommendation• CContinuousti
didisastert awareness andd preparedness
dactivities
ti iti• Reinvestigation is needed for identifying liquefaction
impactp of evacuation buildingg and others strengths
g andscientific solution.
• A better insurance scheme for all people could beachievable• Revision on retrofitting building codes in Hyogo prefecture
is recommended• proper attention and specific program for the aged people
on disaster preparedness and emergency evacuation tominimize the damage by future calamities.
calamities

Cont…
Cont• Awareness program campaign
i ffor educatingdipeople on emergency response, Frequently
practices are needed them for learn how tobehave, Disaster drill for all• Join DRM program combining with children
pand parents• More incentives for BOKUMI volunteers forkeeping them active• Promotion of CBDRM programIdentified best practices hope to be
implemented in Sri Lanka• EmergencyEM
Managementt DDrills
ill withith llarge scalel• Hope to be strengthened the politicalinterference for DRM• Proposed to disaster risk reduction for all local
level development projects• Strengthen relationship in between academia andDM institutions and the academia’s
academia s involvementfor disaster risk reduction projects and• Academia representation for National council aswell as district level disaster management
coordination meetingg

I offer my sincere thanks• Executivei Directorioff ADRC
• All the Senior Researchers• Researchers• Administrative staff• And supporting staff• Finally Japanese Government• And all who helped us to success this VR
programThank You for attention