1

Potential Uses of Optical Illusions→ 教科書 pp.19-23

Words & Expressions

Before Reading□

1. vertical [və́ːrtikl]

形□

2. horizontal [hɔ`ːrəzά(ː)ntl]

形□

3. slim [slím]

形□

4. colorful [kʌ́lərfl]□

5. planner [plǽnər]

→ 名（）

形

→ 名（）

名

→ 動（）

名

→ 動 illustrate

Paragraph 1□

6. illustration [ìləstréiʃə n]□

7. what is called

Paragraph 2□

8. historically [histɔ́ːrikəli]

副→ 名（）□

9. structural [strʌ́ktʃə rə l]

形

→ 名（）

□

10. landscape [lǽndskèip]

名□

11. illustrate [íləstrèit]

動□12. incline [inkláin]動□13. earthen [ə́ːrɵn]

形

→ 名（）

□

14. northern [nɔ́ːrðərn]

形

→ 名（）

□

15. factor [fǽktər]

名□

16. close to 〜

→ 名（）

→ 名 illustration

Paragraph 3□

17. interior [intíə riər]

名□

18. spacious [spéiʃəs]形□

19. appear to do [be]4 Lesson 1

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Paragraph 4□

20. technique [tekníːk]

名

→ 形（□

21. employ [implɔ́i]動→ 名 employee□

22. two-dimensional [túːdiménʃə nl]

形□

23. three-dimensional [ɵríːdiménʃə nl]

形□

24. instance [ínstə ns]

名□

25. frequently [fríːkwə ntli]

副→ 名（）□

26. significant [siɡnífikə nt]

形

→ 名（）

□

27. direction [dərékʃə n]

名

→ 動（）

□

28. for instance□

29. be of help□

30. in 〜 direction）

Paragraph 5□

31. intersection [ìntərsékʃə n]

名□

32. crosswalk [krɔ́ːswɔ`ːk]

名□33. viewpoint [vjúːpɔ`int]

名□34. hopefully [hóupfə li]

副→ 名（）→ 名（）→ 動（）Paragraph 6□

35. effectiveness [əféktivnəs]

名□36. nonetheless [nʌ`nðəlés]

副□37. limitation [lìmətéiʃə n]

名□38. keep 〜 in mind

Lesson 1 5

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1

Potential Uses of Optical Illusions

Paragraph

1 2 3→ 教科書 pp.20-21

Content 1,2,3

1 Look at the illustration below. // What do you see? // Some people might see arabbit / facing to the right, / while others might see a duck / facing to the left. // Thisillustration shows / how our eyes can be tricked, / what is called an optical illusion. //Such illusions have been used / in various ways / which we can see / in our daily lives. //2 First, / one example is the manner / in which they have historically been incorporated /into structural designs. // The karesansui (dry landscape) garden / at the Zen temple
Ryōanji in Kyoto / illustrates such a use. // Its surface may look completely level, / but
actually, / it inclines / towards the garden’s south-east corner. // Also, / the west-side
earthen wall is slightly higher / at its northern end. // These factors create an opticalillusion / that makes this surface look deeper. // This effect is the same / as the one /seen in the Ponzo Illusion (Figure 1), / in which the horizontal line closer to the top /looks longer than the line below it, / even though the two are exactly the same length. //3 Second, / another optical illusion can be seen / in the picture below, / which shows
the interior of a house / that appears to have an extremely high ceiling. // The effect iscaused / by the Fick Illusion (Figure 2), / in which the vertical line seems longer / thanthe horizontal line / despite their lengths being precisely the same. // Using this effect /can make a room look more spacious / than it actually is. //6 Lesson 1

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1 First, one example is the manner in which they have historically been incorporated
into structural designs.
▶〈前置詞＋関係代名詞〉
の形で，先行詞の the mannerが，前置詞の目的語の働きをしている。

訳

2 The effect is caused by the Fick Illusion (Figure 2), in which the vertical line seems
longer than the horizontal line despite their lengths being precisely the same.
▶ their lengthは being 〜の意味上の主語になっている。

訳

optical illusions） ・used in our daily lives

the karesansui garden at Ryōanji in Kyoto
historically been incorporated into（②）designs＝

first example

・how our eyes can be（①・surface of the garden
actually（③）towards the garden’s south-east cornerslightly higher at northern end
・the west-side earthen wall
makes the surface look deeper
the（④）Illusion＝ the（⑤）line closer to the top looks longer than the line below iteven though the two are exactly the same length

second example

the（⑥the（⑦）Illusion）of a house that appears to have extremely high ceilingusing this effect can make a room look more（⑧＝ the（⑨）line seems longer than the（⑤though the lengths of both lines are precisely the same）than it actually is）line

vertical / inclines / spacious / interior / structural /horizontal / tricked / Ponzo / Fick
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1Potential Uses of Optical Illusions

Paragraph

4 5 6→ 教科書 pp.22-23

Content 4,5,6

4 Third, / another technique employed recently / is to create, / on a two-dimensionalsurface, / the appearance of a three-dimensional object. // In one train station, / forinstance, / people are frequently unable / to find an elevator / located in a blind spot. //To assist them, / a sign that appears to be three-dimensional / is painted on the floor. //The sign is of significant help / in sending people / in the right direction. //5 Last, / they can be used / at an intersection / with no traffic lights. // Crosswalk
designs that look three-dimensional / have been painted on some roads / to prevent
traffic accidents. // From the viewpoint of approaching drivers, / it looks like / large
concrete blocks are in the road. // Hopefully, / drivers will slow down / when they see
them, / before nearing the crosswalk. //6 Of course, / the power of optical illusions / is limited. // It cannot make a garden
larger, / nor can it make a ceiling higher. // Over time, / a crosswalk painted to appear
three-dimensional / will lose its effectiveness / in preventing accidents. // Drivers will
come to realize / that what they are seeing / is just an illusion. // Nonetheless, / withsuch limitations kept in mind, / it should be possible to find / an even wider variety / ofuseful applications / of optical illusions. //8 Lesson 1

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1 Crosswalk designs that look three-dimensional have been painted on some roads
to prevent traffic accidents.
▶〈have＋been ＋過去分詞〉は受け身の現在完了形。ここでは，「～されてきた」という意味を表す。

訳

2 It cannot make a garden larger, nor can it make a ceiling higher.
▶ norは否定の文脈の後で，「また〜も…ない」という意味を表す。
▶ norの後の主語と（助）動詞に倒置が起こる。

訳

3 Nonetheless, with such limitations kept in mind, it should be possible tofind an even wider variety of useful applications of optical illusions.
▶〈with＋（代）名詞＋過去分詞〉は付帯状況を表す副詞句。
「～が…されている状態で」という意味を表し，ある状態・動作にほかの状態・動作が付帯していることを表す。
▶ it should be possible to ...の itは形式主語で to以下が真主語。

訳third example

the appearance of a three-dimensional
object on a two-dimensional surface

people couldn’t find an elevator

three-dimensional sign painted on the floor
significant help

last example（②sending people in the right（①））designs that look three-dimensional

・can be used at an（③）with no traffic lights
・painted to（④）traffic accidents
・Hopefully, drivers will（⑤）down when they see the sign
the power of optical illusions ＝（⑥a crosswalk will lose its（⑦））in preventing accidents

Nonetheless, such（⑧）kept in mind
it should be possible to find useful（⑨）of optical illusions

effectiveness / applications / limited / crosswalk /direction / intersection / limitations / prevent / slow
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11Final Task

→ 教科書 p.27

1 	These are examples of optical illusions that we can see in our daily lives. In groups,
each choose a different picture and explain how the optical illusion is used.
AB

DCE

それぞれの写真の製品ではどんな錯視を使っているかを話し合いましょう。

Name

Photo

What optical illusion is used?

Points of the group work□ Choose one picture you like.

□ Try to explain what kind of optical illusion is used in each picture.

10 Lesson 1

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2 	Find another example of the illusion on the Internet and explain the example toyour group. After each student has explained the example, decide which example
your group will introduce to the class. Also, think about why you chose thatexample.
〈Photo〉〈Explanation〉

目の錯覚の例をインターネットで調べ，Points of the group work□ Find a good example of the optical illusion on the Internet.

グループで発表する例を選びましょう。

□ Give reasons why you think the example is good or useful.

3 	Give a presentation about the example your group chose.
Q: What did you choose?
A: We chose

錯視の効果がよくわかる写真を用意しましょう。

.

錯視の効果がどのように役立つかをグループで話し合いましょう。

Q: What effects does it have?
A:

MemoPoints of having a discussion

Tips for using the Internet□ Show the class the photo your group chose.

□ 画像の出典を明記する（URL・HP 名・記載があ□ Tell the class why your group chose that photo.

れば著作者・コピーライトなど）□ 正確なソースを探す（.gov .edu, 公式サイトなど）

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