New gTLD Program
Community Priority Evaluation Report
Report Date: 10 September 2014
Application ID:
Applied-for String:
Applicant Name:

1-1083-39123
RADIO
European Broadcasting Union

Overall Community Priority Evaluation Summary
Community Priority Evaluation Result

PrevailedThank you for your participation in the New gTLD Program. After careful consideration and extensive
review of the information provided in your application, including documents of support, the Community
Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the requirements specified in the Applicant
Guidebook. Your application prevailed in Community Priority Evaluation.
Panel Summary
Overall Scoring

14 Point(s)Criteria#1: Community Establishment#2: Nexus between Proposed String and Community#3: Registration Policies#4: Community Endorsement
Total

Earned3
3
4

4
14

Achievable
4
4
4
4
16

Minimum Required Total Score to Pass 14

Criterion #1: Community Establishment
1-A Delineation

3/4 Point(s)1/2 Point(s)The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as defined in the application
partially met the criterion for Delineation as specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation
Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as it is clearly delineated and pre-existing, but, as defined, is not
sufficiently organized. The application received a score of 1 out of 2 points under criterion 1-A: Delineation.
Delineation
Two conditions must be met to fulfill the requirements for delineation: there must be a clear, straightforward
membership definition and there must be awareness and recognition of a community (as defined by theapplicant) among its members.
The community defined in the application (“RADIO”) is, as follows:
The Radio industry is composed of a huge number of very diverse radio broadcasters: public andprivate; international and local; commercial or community-oriented; general purpose, or sector-

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specific; talk or music; big and small. All licensed radio broadcasters are part of the .radio
community, and so are the associations, federations and unions they have created (such as the EBU,
applicant for the .radio TLD with the support of its sister Unions; see below for more details on
Radio industry representativeness). Also included are the radio professionals, those making radio thefundamental communications tool that it is.
However, the Radio industry keeps evolving and today, many stations are not only broadcasting in
the traditional sense, but also webcasting and streaming their audio content via the Internet. Someare not broadcasters in the traditional sense: Internet radios are also part of the Radio community,
and as such will be acknowledged by .radio TLD, as will podcasters. In all cases certain minimum
standards on streaming or updating schedules will apply.
The .radio community also comprises the often overlooked amateur radio, which uses radio
frequencies for communications to small circles of the public. Licensed radio amateurs and theirclubs will also be part of the .radio community.
Finally, the community includes a variety of companies providing specific services or products to theRadio industry.
This community definition shows a clear and straightforward membership and is therefore well defined.
Association with, and membership in, the radio community can be verified through licenses held byprofessional and amateur radio broadcasters; membership in radio-related associations, clubs and unions;internet radios that meet certain minimum standards; radio-related service providers that can be identified
through trademarks; and radio industry partners and providers.
In addition, the community as defined in the application has awareness and recognition among its members.
This is because the community as defined consists of entities and individuals that are in the radio industry1,
and as participants in this clearly defined industry, they have an awareness and recognition of their inclusionin the industry community. In addition, membership in the (industry) community is sufficiently structured, as
the requirements listed in the community definition above show.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as defined in the application
satisfies both of the conditions to fulfill the requirements for Delineation.
Organization
Two conditions need to be met to fulfill the requirements for organization: there must be at least one entity
mainly dedicated to the community, and there must be documented evidence of community activities.
The community as defined in the application does not have one entity mainly dedicated to the community.
There are several entities that represent parts of the radio community, such as the World Broadcasting
Unions (WBU), the Association for International Broadcasting, the Association of European Radios, theAssociation Mondiale des Radiodiffuseurs Communautaires, the European Association of Television andRadio Sales Houses, the Union Radiophonique et Télévisuelle Internationale, and the Internet Media Device
Alliance. Based on the Panel’s research, these entities only represent certain segments of the community as
defined by the applicant. For example, the WBU is the umbrella organization for eight regional broadcasting
unions, but does not represent amateur radio. There is no entity that represents all of the radio member
categories outlined by the applicant. According to the application:

The radio industry is included in the North American Industrial Classification System (NAICS). It defines
this industry as, “Establishments primarily engaged in broadcasting aural programs by radio to the public.
Included in this industry are commercial, religious, educational, and other radio stations. Also included here
are establishments primarily engaged in radio broadcasting and which produce radio program materials.” Thisdefinition of the industry includes the vast majority of entities included in the defined community.
1

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The Radio community is structured mainly under 8 world broadcasting Unions which represent
radio broadcasting interests at the World Radio Frequencies Conferences and coordinate their workthrough the WBU, as described in response to Question 11H.
The WBU works through a number of permanent working commissions, such as the TechnicalCommittee, which deals with technical standardization; the Sports Committee, dealing with thecoverage of world sports events (such as Olympic Games and football world championships); ISOG
(International Satellite Operations Group), dealing with satellite contribution circuit issues. Besides
the WBU, other specialized broadcasting associations represent specific radio interests, such as thealready mentioned AMARC and AER.
According to the AGB, "organized" implies that there is at least one entity mainly dedicated to thecommunity, with documented evidence of community activities.” As described above, there is no entity(ies)that represents all of the radio member categories outlined by the applicant. An “organized” community is
one that is represented by at least one entity that encompasses the entire community as defined by theapplicant. For example, there should be at least one entity that encompasses and organizes: “radio
broadcasters, the associations, federations and unions they have created, radio professionals, Internet radios,
podcasters, amateur radio (and their clubs), and companies providing specific services or products to theRadio industry.” Based on information provided in the application materials and the Panel’s research, there isno such entity that organizes the community defined in the application. Therefore, as there is no entity that ismainly dedicated to the community as defined in the .RADIO application, as the Panel has determined, there
cannot be documented evidence of community activities.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as defined in the application does
not satisfy either of the two conditions to fulfill the requirements for organization.
Pre-existence
To fulfill the requirements for pre-existence, the community must have been active prior to September 2007
(when the new gTLD policy recommendations were completed).
The community as defined in the application was active prior to September 2007. Radio broadcast
technologies have existed in one form or another for nearly a century. As the industry has evolved2 throughthe uptake of new technologies, so too has industry membership. For example, in the early years of theindustry, members of the radio industry included radio professionals, broadcasters and companies providing
products to the industry, amongst others. With the advent of the internet and other radio technologies, thecommunity has expanded to include Internet radios, podcasters and others. The Panel acknowledges that not
all elements of the community defined in the application have been in existence since the dawn of theindustry; however, the proposed community segments have been active prior to September 2007.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as defined in the application
fulfills the requirements for Pre-existence.

2/2 Point(s)1-B Extension

The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as identified in the application
met the criterion for Extension specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the
Applicant Guidebook, as the application demonstrates considerable size and longevity for the community.
The application received a maximum score of 2 points under criterion 1-B: Extension.

According to the US Federal Communications Commission, in 1906 the first program including speech andmusic was transmitted over the radio; by 1912 the US government put in place regulations for radio stations
and operators. See http://transition.fcc.gov/omd/history/radio/documents/short_history.pdf
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Size
Two conditions must be met to fulfill the requirements for size: the community must be of considerable size,
and it must display an awareness and recognition of a community among its members.
The community as defined in the application is of a considerable size. The community for .RADIO as
defined in the application is large in terms of the number of members. According to the application:
Currently, there are about 50,000 radio stations worldwide, according to the figure published by CIA
World Facts on their website. In addition, there are at least another 50,000 web radios.
Moreover, the community as defined in the application has awareness and recognition among its members.
This is because the community as defined consists of entities and individuals that are in the radio industry3,
and as participants in this clearly defined industry, they have an awareness and recognition of their inclusionin the industry community.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as defined in the application
satisfies both the conditions to fulfill the requirements for Size.
Longevity
Two conditions must be met to fulfill the requirements for longevity: the community must demonstrate
longevity and it must display an awareness and recognition of a community among its members.
The community as defined in the application demonstrates longevity. The pursuits of the .RADIO
community are of a lasting, non-transient nature. Radio services have, as noted, existed for more than acentury and are likely to continue, although technological advances may change form and function.
Moreover, as mentioned previously, the community as defined in the application has awareness andrecognition among its members. This is because the community as defined consists of entities and individuals
that are in the radio industry4, and as participants in this clearly defined industry, they have an awareness andrecognition of their inclusion in the industry community.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the community as defined in the application
satisfies both the conditions to fulfill the requirements for Longevity.
Criterion #2: Nexus between Proposed String and Community
2-A Nexus

3/4 Point(s)2/3 Point(s)The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application partially met the criterion for
Nexus as specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook.
The string “identifies” the name of the community as defined in the application, without over-reaching
substantially beyond the community, but it does not “match” the name of the community as defined. The
application received a score of 2 out of 3 points under criterion 2-A: Nexus.
To receive the maximum score for Nexus, the applied-for string must “match” the name of the community
or be a well-known short-form or abbreviation of the community name. To receive a partial score for Nexus,
the applied-for string must “identify” the community. “Identify” means that the applied-for string shouldclosely describe the community or the community members, without over-reaching substantially beyond thecommunity.
The applied-for string (.RADIO) identifies the name of the community. According to the applicant:3 Ibid
4 IbidPage 4

Radio means the operators, services and technologies defined here as the Radio community. Radioalso means, and is, audio broadcasting. The station broadcasting or streaming that audio content isradio, and the company performing the audio broadcasting is radio. A radio is the receiver used by
the listener. Radio is the name everybody uses to refer to the entire industry, and the wholecommunity.
With the advent of streaming via the Internet and the continuous delivery of audio content to broadgroups of listeners, we now often refer to the new services as web, net or Internet radio.
The Radio community could not find any other name, even vaguely appropriate, to designate the
TLD for its community. .radio is the TLD for the Radio community and could not be anything else.
It is perfectly tuned.
The string closely describes the community, without overreaching substantially beyond the community. The
string identifies the name of the core community members (i.e. licensed professional and amateur radio
broadcasters and their associated unions and clubs, and Internet radio). However, the community, as definedin the application, also includes some entities that are only tangentially related to radio, such as companies
providing specific services or products to radio broadcasting organizations and which may not be
automatically associated with the gTLD string. For example, network interface equipment and software
providers to the industry, based on the Panel’s research, would not likely be associated with the word
RADIO5. However, these entities are considered to comprise only a small part of the community. Since onlya small part of the community as defined by the applicant extends beyond the reference of the string, it is nota substantial over-reach. Therefore, the string identifies the community, as the public will generally associate
the string with the community as defined by the applicant.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the applied-for string identifies the name of thecommunity as defined in the application. It therefore partially meets the requirements for Nexus.

1/1 Point(s)2-B Uniqueness

The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the criterion for Uniquenessas specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as thestring has no other significant meaning beyond identifying the community described in the application. The
application received a maximum score of 1 point under criterion 2-B: Uniqueness.
To fulfill the requirements for Uniqueness, the string must have no other significant meaning beyond
identifying the community described in the application. The string as defined in the application demonstrates
uniqueness, as the string does not have any other meaning beyond identifying the community described in
the application. The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the applied-for string satisfies thecondition to fulfill the requirements for Uniqueness.
Criterion #3: Registration Policies
3-A Eligibility

4/4 Point(s)1/1 Point(s)The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the criterion for Eligibility as
specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as eligibility

5 There are numerous definitions of the word radio. These include: (a) the transmission and reception of electromagnetic

waves of radio frequency, especially those carrying sound messages; (b) the activity or industry of broadcasting soundprograms to the public; (c) an apparatus for receiving radio programs. Definition (b) closely reflects the core community
as defined by the applicant, which includes: radio broadcasters, the associations, federations and unions they havecreated, radio professionals, Internet radios, podcasters, and amateur radio (and their clubs). However, the community
members that provide “specific services or products to the Radio industry”, such as software or interface equipment,
would not be associated with the term “radio” by the general public.

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is restricted to community members. The application received a maximum score of 1 point under criterion 3A: Eligibility.
To fulfill the requirements for Eligibility, the registration policies must restrict the eligibility of prospective
registrants to community members. The application demonstrates adherence to this requirement by
restricting eligibility to the community categories mentioned in Delineation, and additionally requiring thatthe registered domain name be “accepted as legitimate; and beneficial to the cause and values of the radio
industry; and commensurate with the role and importance of the registered domain name; and in good faithat the time of registration and thereafter.” (Comprehensive details are provided in Section 20e of theapplicant documentation). The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application satisfies
the condition to fulfill the requirements for Eligibility.

1/1 Point(s)3-B Name Selection

The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the criterion for Name
Selection as specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook,as name selection rules are consistent with the articulated community-based purpose of the applied-for TLD.
The application received a maximum score of 1 point under criterion 3-B: Name Selection.
To fulfill the requirements for Name Selection, the registration policies for name selection for registrants
must be consistent with the articulated, community-based purpose of the applied-for gTLD. The application
demonstrates adherence to this requirement by specifying that the registrant’s nexus with the radio
community and use of the domain must be commensurate with the role of the registered domain, and withthe role and importance of the domain name based on the meaning an average user would reasonably assume
in the context of the domain name. (Comprehensive details are provided in Section 20e of the applicant
documentation). The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application satisfies thecondition to fulfill the requirements for Name Selection.

1/1 Point(s)3-C Content and Use

The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the criterion for Content and
Use as specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as
the rules for content and use are consistent with the articulated community-based purpose of the applied-for
TLD. The application received a maximum score of 1 point under criterion 3-C: Content and Use.
To fulfill the requirements for Content and Use, the registration policies must include rules for content anduse for registrants that are consistent with the articulated community-based purpose of the applied-for
gTLD. The application demonstrates adherence to this requirement by specifying that use of the domainname must be beneficial to the cause and values of the radio industry, and commensurate with the role andimportance of the registered domain name, etc. (Comprehensive details are provided in Section 20e of theapplicant documentation). The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application satisfies
the condition to fulfill the requirements for Content and Use.

1/1 Point(s)3-D Enforcement

The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the criterion for Enforcement
as specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as theapplication provided specific enforcement measures as well as appropriate appeal mechanisms. The
application received a maximum score of 1 point under criterion 3-D: Enforcement.
Two conditions must be met to fulfill the requirements for Enforcement: the registration policies must
include specific enforcement measures constituting a coherent set, and there must be appropriate appeals
mechanisms. The applicant outlined policies that include specific enforcement measures constituting a
coherent set. The enforcement program is based on random checks, and if the content or use of an existingdomain name shows bad faith, it will be suspended. There is also an appeals mechanism, which is managed inPage 6the first instance by the registry, with appeals heard by an independent, alternative dispute resolution
provider. (Comprehensive details are provided in Section 20e of the applicant documentation). The
Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application satisfies both conditions to fulfill therequirements for Enforcement.

Criterion #4: Community Endorsement
4/4 Point(s)4-A Support
2/2 Point(s)The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application fully met the criterion for Support
specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as theapplicant had documented support from the recognized community institution(s)/member organization(s).
The application received a maximum score of 2 points under criterion 4-A: Support.
To receive the maximum score for Support, the applicant is, or has documented support from, therecognized community institution(s)/member organization(s), or has otherwise documented authority torepresent the community. “Recognized” means those institution(s)/organization(s) that, throughmembership or otherwise, are clearly recognized by the community members as representative of thecommunity. To receive a partial score for Support, the applicant must have documented support from atleast one group with relevance. “Relevance” refers to the communities explicitly and implicitly addressed.
The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the applicant was not the recognized community
institution(s)/member organization(s). However, the applicant possesses documented support frominstitutions/organizations representing a majority of the community addressed, and this documentation
contained a description of the process and rationale used in arriving at the expression of support. The
applicant received support from a broad range of recognized community institutions/member organizations,which represented different segments of the community as defined by the applicant. These entities
represented a majority of the overall community. The Community Priority Evaluation Panel determined thatthe applicant fully satisfies the requirements for Support.

2/2 Point(s)4-B Opposition

The Community Priority Evaluation panel determined that the application met the criterion for Opposition
specified in section 4.2.3 (Community Priority Evaluation Criteria) of the Applicant Guidebook, as theapplication did not receive any relevant opposition. The application received the maximum score of 2 points
under criterion 4-B: Opposition.
To receive the maximum score for Opposition, the application must not have received any opposition of
relevance. To receive a partial score for Opposition, the application must have received opposition from, at
most, one group of non-negligible size.
The application received letters of opposition, which were determined not to be relevant, as they were (1)from individuals or groups of negligible size, or (2) were not from communities either explicitly mentioned in
the application nor from those with an implicit association to such communities. The Community Priority
Evaluation Panel determined that the applicant satisfies the requirements for Opposition.
Disclaimer: Please note that these Community Priority Evaluation results do not necessarily determine thefinal result of the application. In limited cases the results might be subject to change. These results do notconstitute a waiver or amendment of any provision of the Applicant Guidebook or the Registry Agreement.
For updated application status and complete details on the program, please refer to the Applicant Guidebook
and the ICANN New gTLDs microsite at <newgtlds.icann.org>.

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