Policy and Institutional Response for Disaster
Management in Nepal

Pradip K Koirala
Ministry of Home Affairs
Sep 2, 014
Disclaimer : This presentation was compiled by an ADRC Visiting Researcher from ADRC member
countries.. The views expressed in the presentation do not necessarily reflect the views of the ADRC
countries
ADRC.. Theboundaries and names shown an the designations used on the maps in the report also do not imply official
endorsement or acceptance by the ADRC.
ADRC.

NEPAL

Area : 147,181 Sq.m.
Pop : 26.4 m.

Nepal : Beautiful Country ..

Temples
Lumbini, birthplace of Budhha

Mt Everest 8848 m

Various Advanteres

Budhha Temples

Dangerous too..

Landslide Blocked the a bid river, dead 165 house collapse around 400 on August 2, 014

Transportation, bridges and roads are in mountain area

Nepal is disaster prone due to . . .

Diffi lt G
Difficult
Geologicall i l Terrain
Ti8848 Meter

70 Meter6

disaster prone due to …
Unplanned settlement

disaster prone due to ….
Poor construction practices

Photo Kushal Goya

disaster prone due to …
Cultivation of unsuitable land, poor implementation of land-use planning . . .

disaster prone …
Seismic Hazard

Bam (>40,000)

K h i (>80,000)
Kashmir
Wenchuan (>70,000)
Kathmandu
Bhuj

Collision of Euro Asian Plates and IndianPlates by 3 mm per year, History of Nepal by J.
WhelptonEstimated causalities from category IX quake
Kathmandu Valley …

KVERMP, 1998 (Population-1.5M):
 Death: 40,000
 Injury: 95,000
RMP, 1998 (Population-1.5M),000000

2010 Estimate with Population: 3.0M
Casualty (death)
320 - 650
160 - 320
80 - 160
40 - 80
20 - 400 - 20

Death: 100,000
 Serious Injury: 100,000
 Moderate Injury: 200,000
JICA, 2001: 18,000 death at MMI
VIII

Major Recurrent Disasters in Nepal

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Flood
LandslideEarthquake
Epidemics
FireHailstone

7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.

Drought
GLOF
Avalanches
WindstormThunderbolt
Cold-waves/loo

Frequent Disaster : Landslide and Flood..
Earthquake is likely to happen !!!!

Nepal’s vulnerability to natural hazards; …The Reality•

Nepal Ranks 11th- in terms of Earthquake•

6th tot climaticli ti hhazardsd(UNDP-2004 “Reducing Disaster Risk”), now it’s 4th•

30th in terms of floods: (UNDP / Bureau for Crisis
Prevention
i & Recovery-BCPR,
C2002004))•Kathmandu, 21st most vulnerable city of the world;•

Natural Disaster HOT SPOT:•

In an average: “1 disaster and 2 deaths per day”
(DesInventar data base 1971 - 2007,
2007 MoHA www.desinventar.net)
Nepal lies on Seismic Active Zone•(World Bank 2005)

Existing Institutional Instruments
••
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Naturall C
Calamityl i ((Reliefli f ) Act, 1982,
982 till
ill ddate two amendmentsdiin 1989
989 andd 1992
992Local Self Governance Act, 1999
Government Work Division Regulation, 2012
National Strategy for Disaster Risk Management, 2009 with 29 Strategies
Rescue and Relief Standards, 2007, till date two amendments in 2007 and 2012
National Disaster Response Framework, 2012 with 49 different actions
Disaster Preparedness and Response Plan Guideline, 2011
Local Disaster Risk Management Guideline,
Guideline 2012
Prime Minister Disaster Response Fund Guideline 2006, 1st amendment 2007
Post-Disaster Dead-body management Guideline, 2012
Decision about Open Space in Kathmandu Valley by Cabinet on 2013
National Strategic Action Plan on Search and Rescue, 2014
Guideline for the relief to cold-wave victims, 2012
National Platform on Disaster Risk Reduction in 2008, now turned as a loose-network from 2012
National Disaster Management Act, 2014 ( in process)
Funds
•••••

Prime Ministerial Disaster Relief FundCentral Natural Disaster Relief FundLine AgenciesgDisaster Relief Funds
Local Government Disaster Relief Funds

NRRC/Five Flagship/11 Clusters/NGOs Networks/DRR Platrorm

Institutional Framework (in line with 1982 Act)

Central N
Natural Disaster Relieff Fund
Prime-Minisster Natural Disaster Relief FundP
Local Leveel Disaster Manageme
ent FundLine Ministry Disasster Relief FFundCabinet(Policy, Budget and Emergency Declaration)Central Natural Disaster Relief Committee(chaired by Home Minister)(Coordination, Response, Rescue, Relief)

Rescue and Treatment Sub-Committee
Chaired by Health & Population Minister

Supply, Shelter & Rehabilitation SubCommittee
Chaired by Urban Development Minister

National EOC
Regional Natural Disaster Relief Committee
Chaired by Regional Administrator(Coordination at Regional Level)

Regional EOC
District Disaster Relief Committee

District EOC

Chaired by Chief District Officer(Execution, Rescue & Relief, Data collection)

Emergency Response Mechanism (GoN)

UN Resident /Humanitarian CoordinatorInternational Appeal

GON Declares
D lDiDisastert(area, time)

UNDAC / USAR
Teams

Government Line
Agencies

CNDRC meetingg heldClusters Activated

MoHA, / NEOC
INGOs & others

Disaster

Situation Analysis(CDO, DDRC)(Search, Rescue,Immediate Relief)

Coordination Structure during Mega Disasters
Central Natural Disaster
Relief Committee(CNDRC)
Clusters

NEOC/LEMAInternational
Responders

UN Agencies
Funds &ProgrammeMulti-NationalM
lti National
Force
Coordination
Center (MNMCC)On SiteOperations
Coordination
Center(OSOCC)Red CrossMovement

Civil/ Private
Sectors17

National Emergency Operation Centre (NEOC)

Normal Phase(Preparedness & IM)Recovery Phase

Alert Phase(Coordinate Early Recoveryefforts)(Alerts agencies(Ali anddauthorities for animminent emergency)

ResponsepPhase(leads coordination andcommunication forresponse)

NEOC House

Disaster Preparedness and Response

National Strategy on Disaster Risk Management 2009 ;Risk Reduction/Flagship Program

••

•
•
•
•
•

NRRC/Consortium
Cluster Approach in DM, 11 Clusters with their contingency plans
Guidance Note for preparing the Disaster Preparedness Plan;

••••
•
•

District Disaster Preparedness and Response Plans (DPRP)
Local level Disaster Risk Management Plan (LDRMP)District Disaster Management Plan (DDMP)»Initiation of Harmonization

National Disaster Response Framework with 49 Activities••••••

School and Hospital SafetyEmergency Preparedness to Response
Flood Management
Community Managed DM
Policyy and Institution Focus

Strategic action plan formulation initiated in line with NDRF

83 Open Spaces and more evacuation site
36 District, 5 Regional & 5 Municipal EOCs
National and local level simulations
GoN and UN has jointly signed an Model Agreement (CustomsProcedures);

Cont…DPR Initiatives•••••••••••

National Strategy on Search and Rescue, approved by Cabinet
Nationall Strategy on Earlyl Waning System ((in process))
Dead Body Management Guidelines
APF Disaster Management Training CentreTribhuvan International Airport Contingency Plans
Awareness raising programs at various level
Common massages for disaster response, along with common
disaster frequencies
DRR Focall Point,
i assimilation
i il i off Environment
iandd DRR Focall
PointsApproved Recovery Framework
Retrofitting of Public Schools and Hospitals initiatedCommunity base DRR initiations

ChallengesgKey Challenges /the way forward . . .
Technical and financial capacity to implement plans successfully
Difficult terrain and weak logistics resulting in delayed response
Preparedness to response, management of warehouses with stockpilingTrained and consolidated Search and Rescue Team
Communication equipment, transportation in emergency and other infrastructures
Implementation of National Building Codes
Management of evacuation sites, open spaces
Limited Fire Services, strengthen their capacity
Implementation of NSDRM, 2009
Progress accordingly HFA Priority and HFA2
Establishment of National Disaster Management Agency
Strengthening the response mechanism and coordination among Security Forces at all levels;
Enhance better coordination with government and non-government

Way Forward
Implementation of National Disaster Response Framework
Endorsement of EWS Strategic Action Plasn and Establishment of Early Warning System
Mainstreaming DRR into development planning, implementation and monitoring & Evaluation
Expand EOCs at regional, district and municipal/ VDC levels
Establish additional warehouses in various strategic locations of the country
Emergency services: Fire and Health Services
Develop USAR Capacities at National and Local levels
Fund raising on the preparedness for humanitarian responses (technical and financial)

Research TopicInstitutions for the Management of Natural Disaster at national leveland their respective roles, an experience Sharing between Nepal andJapan, in reference to SAARC countries

Japan Cabinet Office, Designate one Minister for Disaster Subject
Nepal
Disaster Management Division, Ministry of Home Affairs
Bhutan Department of Disaster Management, Ministry of Home and Culture Affairs
India
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
B’deshBdesh Disaster Management and Relief Division,
Division Ministry of Food and DisasterManagementMaldivs National Disaster Management Center, Ministry of Defense and National Security
Services
Sril’nka National Disaster Management Center, Ministry of Disaster Management andHuman Rights
Afga’tan Afganistan Nationa Disaster Management Authority (ANDMA)

Thank you