Evaluation of adhesive strength between resin and titanium with a primer containing a silane coupling agent/Kimura H1, Kato T1,2, Saigo K2, Yamada B1, Yamauchi J1, Yamamoto S1 (1 Yamamoto Precious Metal Co., Ltd., 2 Kochi University ofTechnology): For the Ti abutment of an implant superstructure, surface treatment with a suitable primer is required. In this study, TWiNY
Repair Primer (Yamamoto Precious Metal, TR1) and an opaque resin (TWiNY IvO) containing γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane(γ-MPTS) as a coupling agent (TR2) were employed in order to evaluate adhesion with a resin and to compare the adhesion of commerciallyavailable primers for Ti. The results obtained have demonstrated that TR1 and TR2 containing γ-MPTS are as effective as thecommercially available primers.

[Abstract]
Dental treatment using implants mainly employs
titanium out of considerations of biocompatibility.
When constructing with resin to create a superstructure
for the titanium, surface treatment using a primer isrequired. In recent years, interest has been aroused byreports of improved adhesiveness to the resin by meansof bonding to the titanium surface using a silencecoupling agent 1), 2).

Table 1. Primers used for titanium adhesion
Trial primer

Component

In this investigation, TWiNY Repair Primer( T R 1 ) , containing the silane coupling agent γ-Methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPTS）
is used in the surface treatment of titanium, alongwith an opaque resin trial product (TR2). The
investigation compares the adhesive strength of theresin against that achieved using a range ofcommercially available primers.

Commercial primer

TR1TR2ABC

DEFSilane coupling
agent

○

○

○

○

―

――

―

P-OH containing
monomer

―――

○

○

○

○

○

S containing
monomer

―

―

―

○

○

○

○

―

Carboxylic acidmonomer

―

―

―

―

―

―

―

○

Resin paste

―

○

――

―

―

○

―

After being immersed in distilled water for 24 hours at
37 ˚C, the test specimens were tested for adhesivestrength by means of a tensile test conducted using asmall-sized universal tester (Ez-Graph, manufacturedby Shimadzu). Using the same means, the adhered test
specimens were subjected to a tensile test following
thermal cycling (4 ˚C and 60˚C, 1 minute, 5,000 cycles);durability was evaluated from the changes in observed
adhesive strengths.

[Materials and Methods]
For the adhesion test, φ6 mm of pure titanium(JIS-compliant, 4 sources, manufactured by ShinshoCorporation) was polished using No. 600 sand paper,and after alumina sandblasting, the bonding plane area
was regulated by means of affixing tape with pores of φ
3 mm in diameter. Surface treatment was conducted on
the bonding plane area using TR1, TR2 and six
commercially available primers, after which an opaqueresin (TWiNY IvO, manufactured by Yamamoto
Precious Metal) was thinly applied and curing wasconducted by means of photopolymerization. A
stainless steel rod (diameter φ5 mm, length15 mm)
was then affixed using resin cement (PANAVIAF 2.0,manufactured by Kuraray Medical)[Results]
Figure 1 gives adhesive strengths before and afterthermal cycling depending on the primer used. Withthe use of TR1 and TR2, the primer component of
which consists of γ-MPTS only, adhesive strengthshows a clear increase in comparison to cases whereprimer is not used, and adhesion both before and afterthermal cycling is equal or superior to that of thepreparations using the commercially available primers.

Adhesive strength [MPa]70

In this investigation, adhesion testing with titanium wasalso carried out not only on TR1, which is an ethanol
solution of γ-MPTS (manufactured by Momentive
Performance Materials Japan), but also on TR2 with γ-MPTS added to the TWiNY IvO. Table 1 gives thecomponents of TR1, TR2 and the six commerciallyavailable primers (A-F).

6050

Before thermalcycling
After thermalcycling 5,000 times
43.3

27.9

4030
20

45.9
34.7

21.3
16.5

45.8

44.2
32.6
30.0

22.9 30.2
27.9
17.1
17.6
18.3

BC

23.7
14.7

100

None TR1 TR2ADEF

Fig.1 Effects of thermal cycling on adhesive strength01

[Discussion]
Under exposure to the atmosphere, titanium easily
forms an oxidized surface layer, and in reaction toatmospheric water content, the surface is covered byhydroxyl(-OH) 3) . It is thought that by forming acovalent bond (Ti-O-Si) through reaction to thetitanium surface in this way, γ-MPTS makes possible afirm adhesion with the resin.
The results of this investigation demonstrate that theuse of TR1 and TR2, the active component of which isγ-MPTS only, in adhesion between titanium and resin
achieves adhesive strength equivalent or superior to that
achieved using the commercially available primers.
[Reference]
1) Sakamoto H: Dent Mater J, 27(1), 81-92, 2008
2) Sakamoto H: Dent Mater J, 27(1), 124-132, 2008
3) Echizenya: J J Dent Mater, : 11(4), 628-641, 1992

02