RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2022
Taxonomy & Systematics
RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 70: 451–460

Date of publication: 14 October 2022
DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2022-0025
http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C5BE2993-E53D-4BAB-8260-D9C5A6809C60

Phricotelphusa sukreei, a new species of arboreal freshwater crab
(Crustacea: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thailand
Peter K.L. Ng1, Pun Yeesin2 & Rueangrit Promdam3*
Abstract. A new species of the gecarcinucid crab genus Phricotelphusa Alcock, 1909 is described from a mountainin Phatthalung, Peninsular Thailand. The new species is arboreal and has very long ambulatory legs and superficiallyresembles P. aedes from Nakhon Si Thammarat, Peninsular Thailand, but can easily be distinguished by live
colouration, carapace features, as well as structures of the epistome and male first gonopod. This is the first reportof an arboreal freshwater crab in Thailand.
Key words. Gecarcinucidae, Phricotelphusa, new species, phytotelm, high mountain, Peninsular Thailand

INTRODUCTION

Specimens examined are deposited in the Fishery Technology
Museum, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince ofSongkla University, Pattani, Thailand (PSUFTM); Princess
Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince ofSongkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand (PSUZC); Zoological
Survey of India, Calcutta, India (ZSI); and the Zoological
Reference Collection of the Lee Kong Chian Natural History
Museum, National University of Singapore (ZRC). The
following abbreviations are used: G1, male first gonopod;
G2, male second gonopod. Measurements (in millimetres,mm) are of the maximum carapace width and length,
respectively. The terminology used follows Ng (1988a) and
Davie et al. (2015).

The gecarcinucid genus Phricotelphusa Alcock, 1909
currently contains 12 species, all from southern Myanmar,
southern Thailand, and northern Peninsular Malaysia (Nget al., 2008; Ng & Lee, 2012). Six species are known fromThailand, of which five are endemic to the country: P. aedes(Kemp, 1923), P. deharvengi Ng, 1988, P. limula (Hilgendorf,
1882), P. ranongi Naiyanetr, 1982, and P. sirindhorn
Naiyanetr, 1989. One species, P. callianira (De Man, 1887),
originally described from the Mergui islands in Myanmar,
was recorded in Thailand by Lheknim & Leelawathanagoon(2009). Phricotelphusa yongchindataratae Naiyanetr, 1988,
described from southern Thailand by Naiyanetr (1988a)
was referred to a new genus Thaksinthelphusa by Ng &Naiyanetr (1993).

TAXONOMY

We here describe a new montane species of Phricotelphusa
collected from over 1,000 m altitude in southern Thailand
living in tree-holes. The new species, here named P. sukreei,
is superficially most similar to P. aedes, but can easily
be distinguished by a number of carapace and gonopod
differences.

Phricotelphusa Alcock, 1909
Type species. Telphusa callianira De Man, 1887, by original
designation.
Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species(Figs. 1–3, 5A–E)
Material examined. Holotype: male (26.7 × 20.2 mm)(ZRC 2021.0815), in a tree-hole of high mountains, 1355 m
asl, Srinagarindra District, Phatthalung Province, PeninsularThailand, coll. P. Yeesin, 13 March 2017. Paratype: 1
female (27.1 × 20.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.0824), same data
as holotype; 2 males (26.9 × 21.2 mm, 20.3 × 16.4 mm)(PSUFTM-0001), high mountains, 1355 m asl, Srinagarindra
District, Phatthalung Province, Peninsular Thailand, coll.
P. Yeesin, 17 December 2016; 2 males (23.1 × 18.4 mm,
21.2 × 17.0 mm) (PSUZC-CRU-0146), same data as above.

Accepted by: Tohru Naruse
1
Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, National University of Singapore, 14
Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Republic of Singapore; Email: peterng@nus.edu.sg

Department of Technology and Industries, Faculty of Science and Technology, Princeof Songkla University, Pattani, Thailand; Email: punyeesin@gmail.com

2

Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn Natural History Museum, Prince of Songkla
University, Hat Yai, Songkhla, 90110, Thailand; Email: rueangrit.p@psu.ac.th(*corresponding author)

3

Comparative material. Phricotelphusa limula (Hilgendorf,
1882): 11 males, 5 females (ZRC 2005.0107), Tone Sai© National University of Singapore
ISSN 2345-7600 (electronic) | ISSN 0217-2445 (print)451

Ng et al.: New species of Phricotelphusa from Thailand
Waterfall, Phuket, Thailand, coll. D.C.J. Yeo, 19 February
2001. Phricotelphusa aedes (Kemp, 1923): holotype female(25.8 × 18.6 mm) (ZSI C 602/1) [photographs examined],
Khao Ram, Nakhon Si Thammarat mountains, southern
Thailand, coll. Malcolm Smith, no date; 1 male (17.5 ×
13.2 mm), 1 female (19.5 × 15.3 mm) (ZRC 2012.0215),
Phrommalok waterfall, Phrommakhiri District, Nakhon Si
Thammarat Province, southern Thailand, coll. P. Naiyanetr,
8 March 1965; 2 males (22.7 × 17.4, 13.3 × 11.3) (PSUZCCRU-0102), >700 m asl, Khao Ram Rome, Ron Phibun
District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand,coll. R. Promdam. Phricotelphusa hymeiri Ng & Lee, 2012:
holotype male (20.5 × 16.5 mm) (ZRC), inside Loposang
Cave, Wang Mu Forest Reserve, Perlis, Peninsular Malaysia,
coll. K. Hymeir, March 2008.

gently sinuous (Fig. 3A). Eyes relatively large, completely
filling orbits; cornea large, fully pigmented. Antennular fossa
relatively narrow, rectangular in shape (Fig. 3A).
Third maxilliped relatively short, quadrate; ischium with
undiscernible oblique median sulcus; exopod does not reachdistal edge of ischium, flagellum absent (Fig. 3D).
Left male cheliped larger; outer surfaces of chelipeds gently
rugose and granulose, without sharp spines or spinules; inner
margin of merus with distinct granules; carpus with sharp
inner distal tooth and smaller sub-basal spine; outer surfaceof palm gently rugose to granulose, especially lower half;
ventral margin of pollex with numerous small denticles,
outer surface with 2 rows of low tubercles and 2 shallow
longitudinal grooves; cutting edges of both fingers with blunt
teeth and denticles (Fig. 2A, D).

Diagnosis. Carapace subovate, broader than long; dorsal
surfaces gently granulose to rugose; branchial regions gently
inflated dorsally and laterally; frontal margin not protruding
beyond level of external orbital tooth; anterolateral margin
distinctly convex; epibranchial tooth spiniform, sharp,
separated from external orbital angle by notch; epistome
relatively wide longitudinally, lateral part of posterior
margin almost straight or gently sinuous; third maxillipedischium without visible oblique median sulcus; exopod
without flagellum, not reaching distal edge of ischium;antennular fossa relatively narrow, rectangular in shape;
ambulatory legs very long; male pleon broadly T-shaped,
reaching imaginary longitudinal line joining median edgeof bases of chelipeds; telson shorter than somite 6 withgently concave lateral margins; G1 relatively long, terminal
segment gently curved, relatively longer, cone-shaped, ca.
0.3 times subterminal segment; G2 distal segment ca. 0.3
times length of basal segment.

Ambulatory legs very long, slender; second pair longest;merus unarmed, dorsal margin gently serrated but notspiniform; outer surfaces in first to third pairs rugose;
propodus with row of small movable ventral spines; dactylus
gently curved, with 2 rows of strong spines on margins(Figs. 2A, 3F).
Anterior thoracic sternum relatively narrow, smooth; novisible suture between sternites 2 and 3; sternite 2 and 3
marked by low concave ridge; sternites 3 and 4 completely
fused (Fig. 3B). Suture for sternites 4/5, 5/6, and 6/7 mediallyinterrupted, with deep median longitudinal groove on sternite
6; sternite 5 with 2 parallel longitudinal grooves medially;press-button locking mechanism represented by low rounded
tubercle on anterior third of sternite 5 (Fig. 3C).
Male pleon T-shaped, reaching imaginary transverse line
joining median edge of bases of chelipeds; telson shorter
than somite 6 with concave lateral margins, tip rounded;
somite 6 rectangular with concave lateral margin; somites
3–5 trapezoidal; sternite 2 subequal in width to somite 3(Fig. 3B, E).

Description of male. Carapace subovate, broader thanlong; regions distinct; dorsal surfaces gently granulose toalmost smooth; antero- and posterolateral regions lined withshort, strong oblique striae; cervical grooves broad, shallow(Fig. 2A–C). Branchial regions gently inflated dorsallyand laterally (Figs. 2B, C, 3A). Frontal margin wide, notprotruding anteriorly beyond level of external orbital tooth,
gently sinuous, median part deflexed downwards, without
trace of median pseudo-frontal triangle (Figs. 2B, C, 3A).
Anterolateral margin distinctly convex, not clearly demarcatedfrom posterolateral margin; epibranchial tooth spiniform,
distinct, sharp, separated from external orbital angle bydistinct notch; external orbital angle broadly triangular, outermargin ca. 2–2.5 times length of inner margin, base ends atbase of epibranchial tooth; epigastric and postorbital cristae
sharp, distinct, rugose, separated by shallow oblique groove;
epigastric cristae relatively weaker, anterior of distinctly
sharp, convex postorbital cristae, separated by mediangroove; postorbital crista ends before cervical groove, notforming continuous crest to epibranchial tooth (Fig. 2A–C).
Posterior margin of carapace almost straight (Fig. 2A–C).
Suborbital, pterygostomial, and subhepatic regions gently
rugose to smooth (Fig. 3A, B). Epistome relatively widelongitudinally; posterior margin with wide median triangularlobe, lateral margin almost straight with margin appearing

G1 almost straight with terminal segment slightly curved
outwards; terminal segment relatively long, gently curved,
cone-shaped, ca. 0.3 times subterminal segment; distal part
covered with numerous very small scale-like spines and setaeon outer margin, tip appears bifurcate (Fig. 5A–C). G2 distalsegment ca. 0.3 times length of basal segment; distal partof distal segment gently serrate (Fig. 5D, E).
Female. Pleon wide, ovate, covering most of thoracic
sternum; telson broadly triangular with strongly convex
lateral margin (Fig. 3G). Vulva large, almost round, without
operculum, submedian in position on sternite 6 (Fig. 3H).
Colour. Bright red on all dorsal aspects and surface of all
ambulatory legs (Fig. 1B–F). Ventral surfaces of carapace
and chelipeds are violet to purplish (Fig. 1F).
Etymology. We take pleasure in naming this species after
Sukree Hajisime of the Prince of Songkla University. He
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Fig. 1. Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species, forest in high mountains, Srinagarindra District, Phatthalung Province, Peninsular Thailand.
A, habitat at type locality; B, C, paratype male (22.7 × 17.4 mm) (PSUFTM-0001), in natural habitat; D–F, paratype male (23.1 × 18.4mm) (PSUZC-CRU-0146), live colouration. D, overall dorsal view; E, frontal view of cephalothorax; F, ventral view of cephalothorax,
chelae, and ambulatory legs.

has been a good friend to the first author for many years,
and has been very supportive of his staff in the university,
including the two co-authors.

is very smooth and the postorbital cristae are very low (cf.
Naiyanetr, 1989: fig. 1a, b). Phricotelphusa limula (fromPhuket island, southern Thailand) is easily separated byhaving the epigastric and postorbital cristae fused or almost
so, being separated by only a shallow fissure, effectively
forming one clear ridge on each side of the carapace (cf.
Bott, 1970: pl. 8 fig. 88), the antennular fossa are relatively
wider, being subrectangular in shape (cf. Bott, 1970: pl. 8
fig. 90), and the ambulatory legs are covered with scatteredshort, coarse setae. Phricotelphusa aedes was synonymised
under P. limula by Bott (1970: 52), but Naiyanetr (1988b,
1992, 1998), Ng (1988b), Ng & Naiyanetr (1993), andRemarks. Of the twelve known species, the form of theepibranchial tooth of P. limula, P. sirindhorn, and P. aedes
is distinctive, being acutely triangular and appearing almost
spiniform, a character shared by P. sukreei, new species. Allother congeners have the epibranchial tooth shorter, broader,and dentiform. In this group of species with spiniform
epibranchial teeth, P. sirindhorn (from Ranong, southern
Thailand) is distinctive in that the surface of the carapace453

Ng et al.: New species of Phricotelphusa from Thailand

Fig. 2. Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species. A, B, D, holotype male (26.7 × 20.2 mm) (ZRC 2021.0815), Peninsular Thailand; C, paratype
female (27.1 × 20.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.0824), Peninsular Thailand. A, overall dorsal view; B, C, dorsal view of carapace; D, chelae.

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Fig. 3. Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species. A–F, holotype male (26.7 × 20.2 mm) (ZRC 2021.0815), Peninsular Thailand; G, H, paratype
female (27.1 × 20.3 mm) (ZRC 2021.0824), Peninsular Thailand. A, frontal view of cephalothorax; B, male anterior thoracic sternum andpleon; C, male sternopleonal cavity; D, left third maxilliped; E, male pleon; F, right fourth ambulatory leg; G, female pleon; H, female
sternopleonal cavity and vulvae.

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Ng et al.: New species of Phricotelphusa from Thailand

Fig. 4. Phricotelphusa aedes (Kemp, 1923). A, F, holotype female (25.8 × 18.6 mm) (ZSI C 602/1), Peninsular Thailand; B–D, male
(17.5 × 13.2 mm) (ZRC 2012.0215), Peninsular Thailand; E, G, female (19.5 × 15.3 mm) (ZRC 2012.0215), Peninsular Thailand. A, B,
overall dorsal view; C, left third maxilliped; D, E, dorsal view of carapace; F, frontal view of cephalothorax; G, female sternopleonalcavity and vulvae.

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Fig. 5. Gonopods. A–F, Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species, holotype male (26.7 × 20.2 mm) (ZRC 2021.0815), Peninsular Thailand;
G, H, P. aedes (Kemp, 1923). A, F, left G1 (ventral view); B, G, distal part of left G1 (ventral view); C, H, distal part of left G1 (dorsalview); D, left G2; E, distal part of left G2.

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Ng et al.: New species of Phricotelphusa from Thailand

Fig. 6. Phricotelphusa aedes (Kemp, 1923), observed in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, Peninsular Thailand. A, male (22.7 × 17.4mm) (PSUZC-CRU-0102), Khao Ram Rome, Ron Phibun District, live colouration; B–D, crab observed in Khao Wang Hip, Thung SongDistrict. B, forest habitat; C, tree-hole at habitat where specimen was collected, about 2 metres above the ground; D, foraging crab (notcollected), after crawling out of hole.

Yeo & Ng (1999) recognised it as a valid taxon although
no discussion was provided. The carapace of P. aedes isrelatively wider than the other two members of this groupof species, the epigastric cristae are positioned anteriorof the postorbital cristae, the postorbital crista is long,gradually joining the epibranchial tooth, the antennular fossa
is narrower and more slit-like, and the ambulatory legs are
relatively longer (Fig. 4; Kemp, 1923: pl. 4 fig. 12). Ng &Lee (2012) treated P. aedes as a valid species, provided afigure of a male specimen and compared it with P. hymeiri;
but the G1 structures were not figured.

continuous crest to the epibranchial tooth (Fig. 2B, C) (versus
postorbital crista longer, closer to the epigastric crista, andgradually joins the epibranchial tooth via gentle convexity
in P. aedes, Fig. 4A, D, E); the branchial regions are more
inflated, with the lateral carapace margin prominently swollen
and convex (Fig. 2B, C) (versus branchial regions lower andless inflated with the lateral carapace margin only gently
convex in P. aedes, Fig. 4A, D, E); the base of the external
orbital tooth ends at the base of the epibranchial tooth (Fig.
2B, C) (versus there is a relatively wide gap between thebase of the external orbital tooth and the epibranchial tooth in
P. aedes, Fig. 4A, D, E); the lateral margin of the posterior
margin of the epistome is almost straight with the marginappearing gently sinuous (Fig. 3A) (versus margin concavein P. aedes, Fig. 4F); the surface of the ischium of the third
maxilliped is smooth, without an oblique median groove(Fig. 3D) (versus distinct oblique median groove visible in
P. aedes, Fig. 4C); the exopod of the third maxilliped isshort, not reaching the distal edge of the ischium (Fig. 3D)

Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species, is most similar to P.
aedes in the carapace armature and proportions, and its
proportionately longer ambulatory legs. The two species
are, however, easily separated. In P. sukreei, new species,
the postorbital crista forms a distinct convex crest, clearly
separated from the anteriorly placed epigastric crista by aspace, and ends before the cervical groove, not forming a
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RAFFLES BULLETIN OF ZOOLOGY 2022(versus the exopod of the third maxilliped just reaches tothe distal edge of the ischium in P. aedes, Fig. 4C); and theG1 terminal segment is proportionately longer and gently
curved (Fig. 5A–C) (versus relatively shorter and straighter
in P. aedes, Fig. 5F–H).

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and new species of a fully arboreal crab (Decapoda: Brachyura:
Gecarcinucidae) from the Western Ghats, India, with notes on
the ecology of arboreal crabs. Journal of Crustacean Biology,
37(2): 157–167.
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freshwater crab Phricotelphusa callianira (De Man, 1887)(Decapoda: Brachyura: Gecarcinucidae) from Thailand. Journalof Threatened Taxa, 1: 461–465.
Man JG De (1887) Report on the Podopthalmous Crustacea of the
Mergui Archipelago, collected for the Trustees of the IndianMuseum, Calcutta. Journal of the Linnaean Society of London,
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Naiyanetr P (1982) Three new species of freshwater crabs ofThailand. Abstracts of the 20th Conference, Fisheries Section.
Kasetsart University, Bangkok, p. 3.
Naiyanetr P (1988a) New freshwater crab of Thailand.
[Phricotelphusa yongchindaratae]. Proceedings of the 26th
Conference, Fisheries Section. Kasetsart University, Bangkok,
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published in memory of the Royal Cremation of Associate
Professor Dr. Praphun Chitachumnong, Mahidol University.
Phaisalsilpa Press, Bangkok, 15 pp., 8 colour pls.
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freshwater crab from Thailand (Decapoda, Brachyura,
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Labuanium Serène and Soh, 1970, Scandarma Schubart, Liu andCuesta, 2003, and Namlacium Serène and Soh, 1970 (Crustacea:
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The type specimens of Phricotelphusa sukreei, new species,
were found on the tree trunk and the forest floor, with one
collected from a tree-hole located on the top of a ridge(about 1,355 m asl). It appears to be primarily arboreal as
most of the specimens were collected from this habitat.
Phricotelphusa aedes also appears to have arboreal habitsfrom Nakhon Si Thammarat Province in southern Thailand(Figs. 4, 6). Like P. sukreei, this species has long ambulatory
legs and has been collected from tree-holes (Fig. 6C, D). For
crabs that live in montane forest ridges which lack a sourceof running water, phytotelms are an important habitat forwhat are essentially still semiaquatic animals (see discussion
for the arboreal gecarcinucid Kani maranjandu Kumar, Raj& Ng, 2017 from India, and reviews of arboreal crabs in
Ng et al., 2015; Kumar et al., 2017; Naruse & Ng, 2020).
In Thailand, the only freshwater crab species known to bearboreal is the sesarmid Geosesarma krathing Ng & Naiyanetr,
1992 (cf. Ng & Naiyanetr, 1992; Raungprataungsuk et al.,2006), but it only climbs small shrubs and is probably mainly
terrestrial in habits. From the available data, P. sukreei
should be the first confirmed primarily arboreal freshwater
crab reported from Thailand.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The second author would like to thank Phattarachai Chanin
who helped with the field trips. The authors thank Nonn
Panitvong for photographs and some information on
Phricotelphusa aedes. Thanks are also due to Darren Yeo
for sharing with us the photographs of the type of P. aedes,
and to Tohru Naruse for his constructive comments on the
manuscript.
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