ISSN 0915-3160

通巻百二十九号

No.

1Vol. 33 January 2021
Winter

Ne w Yea r Me ssage s

From the Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications,
Secretary-General of ITU, President of ITU-AJ
S pec i a l Feat u reField Trials of Fifth Generation Mobile Communications System (5G)

General Outline of 5G Field Trials
2019 Field Trial Results: Part 1
2019 Field Trial Results: Part 2
2019 Field Trial Results: Part 3
Promotion of 5G Field Trials and Reflections

New Breeze Vol. 33 No.1 Winter

New Breeze

C O N T E N T S

ISSN 0915-3160

Quarterly of The ITU Association of JapanBN Gyoen Bldg., 1-17-11 Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku,
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Editorial Committee
Chairman: Wataru Kameyama

Members: Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications, Association of Radio Industries
and Businesses, Communication Line Products
Association of Japan, Fujitsu Limited, Hitachi, Ltd.,
Japan Broadcasting Corporation,
KDDI CORPORATION, Mitsubishi Electric
Corporation, National Institute of Information andCommunications Technology, NEC Corporation,
NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONECORPORATION, Oki Electric Industry Co., Ltd.,
Panasonic Corporation, Softbank Corp.,
Sony Corporation,
The Japan Commercial Broadcasters Association, and
The Telecommunication Technology Committee

		 New Year Messages
1

2021 New Year Remarks from Minister Takeda

3

Welcoming a New Year

2

General Outline of 5G Field Trials

15

2019 Field Trial Results: Part 2
Field Trial Group 3: Field Trials of Use Cases Exploiting 5G Ultrahigh-speed Communications in Urban and Suburban Settings
Field Trial Group 4: Field Trials of Use Cases Exploiting 5G Ultrahigh-speed Communications in Indoor Environments

829

New Breeze welcomes readers’ opinions. Please sendcomments with your name, address, and nationalityby e-mail, fax, or post to the editor.

e-mail address:

Communications System (5G)

4

Junichi Kishimoto
Kaori Ohno
Naoko Ishida

Letters to New Breeze

New Year’s message from ITU Secretary-General“The path towards a safer, more sustainable, and better-connecteddigital future for all”

		 Special Feature — F ield Trials of Fifth Generation Mobile

22

Publisher: Tetsuo Yamakawa
Editors:

January 2021

2019 Field Trial Results: Part 1
Field Trial Group 1: Field trials of Use Cases Employing 5G Ultrafast Communication in Outdoor Environments
Field Trial Group 2: Field trials of Use Cases Employing 5G Ultrafast Communication in Mobile Environments

2019 Field Trial Results: Part 3
Field Trial Group 5: Use Case Field Trial of 5G Low Latency
Reliable Communication in a High-speed Mobile Environment
Field Trial Group 6: Use Case Field Trial of 5G Massive Machinetype Communication in Indoor and Rural Outdoor Environments
Promotion of 5G Field Trials and Reflections— Path of 5GMF/5G Trial Promotion Group Activities—

		Report
33

Overview of the 2020 Information and Communications White
Paper

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The ITU Association of Japan (ITU-AJ) was founded on September 1, 1971, tocoordinate Japanese activities in the telecommunication and broadcasting sectors
with international activities. Today, the principle activities of the ITU-AJ are tocooperate in various activities of international organizations such as the ITU and todisseminate information about them. The Association also aims to help developing
countries by supporting technical assistance, as well as by taking part in generalinternational cooperation, mainly through the Asia-Pacific Telecommunity (APT),
so as to contribute to the advance of the telecommunications and broadcasting
throughout the world.

2021 New Year Remarks from Minister Takeda

TAKEDA Ryota

Minister for Internal Affairs and Communications

H

appy New Year to all!

I was appointed Minister for Internal Affairs
and Communications in September of last year, andas such, take responsibility for various issues in the fields within its
jurisdiction.
This includes many fields closely related to citizens’ daily
lives, and many policies underlying our new vision for society andsocial structures. We are working to produce results with solutions
to issues, looking calmly and thoroughly at whether policies areappropriate for daily life from the perspective of citizens, withplans both to handle the COVID-19 pandemic and to revitalize
regional economies, building a high-quality economy and society
suitable for the post COVID-19 era.
For the “new norma l,” building information andcommunications infrastructure to support teleworking, remotelearning, and telemedicine will be essential. We are working toconsolidate national 5G and optical fiber networks quickly, andto promote the development and spread of Local 5G, which willcontribute to solving regional issues.
Regarding fees for mobile phones, which are a life necessity
for citizens, operators are announcing new, low-cost plans and therange of choices is expanding, but we continue to push hard sothat citizens have a real sense that they are benefiting from lower
prices, by promoting a fair competitive environment based on the
Action Plan announced last year.
As all of society undergoes the current digital reformation,
we must also ensure that everyone is able to benefit from it. We
are providing comprehensive support to build an environment inwhich all citizens can handle digital devices to obtain and use theinformation they need.
To assure that citizens can use digital technology, it isextremely important to ensure safety, security and reliability
in cyberspace. To do so, we are building an environment for
integrated analysis of cybersecurity information and training
for related personnel. We have a strategy to develop advanced
technologies intensively, such as quant um encr y pted
communication.

How each and every citizen uses digital technology is also
important. In particular, defamation of people on the Internet
must not be allowed. We are taking comprehensive measures,
including educational activities to improve information ethics and
ICT literacy and developing policies to prevent online defamation.
At the same time, we are gathering the knowledge andintelligence of government and the private sector, establishingR&D infrastructure for 5G and “Beyond 5G” technologies, andstrengthening the base for research and development on advanced
technologies such as quantum encrypted communication and AI
simultaneous translation, to improve industrial competitivenessin the post-COVID-19 world. To also encourage Japanesecompanies to run business in the global market, we will promote
the acquisition of intellectual property and the international
standardization of R&D results.
To contribute to the global digital revolution, we are alsoplanning to bridge digital divides with 5G and submarine
optical cables, and fostering international shared understandings
regarding the use of AI, the free flow of data, and other issues.
We are also supporting circulation of broadcast content
overseas, bringing the fascination of rural areas to the world. In
fields broadly related to citizens’ daily lives, such as postal service,fire prevention, government offices and statistics, the Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications is also mobilizing policy
resources to promote international development.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications is
actively working to enable all of society through ICT, to realize
the services that our citizens have come to expect, and to createa society in which the benefits of digitalization can truly be felt.
Based on basic policies decided at the end of last year, we willcontinue collaboration to establish a digital agency as planned forthis year, and to promote cooperation regarding digital-related
policies with all related ministers.
I would like to extend New Year’s greetings to all and wish
everyone good health and happiness through the coming year!
New Year’s Day, 2021

New Breeze Winter 2021

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New Year’s message from ITU Secretary-General“The path towards a safer, more sustainable,
and better-connected digital future for all”
Houlin Zhao

Secretary-General
International Telecommunication Union

D

ear Friends of ITU in Japan,
The year behind us was particularly challenging
due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which has cost
countless lives and placed enormous strain on socio-economic
conditions worldwide.
2020 was also a year where information and communication
technologies (ICTs) took centre stage. I have seen first-hand
how central ICTs were to the important discussions that havetaken place in the last several months, be it at the 75th session of
the United Nations General Assembly, at the G20 meetings of
ICT, finance and health ministers or at the Ministerial Council
Meeting of the Organization for Economic Cooperation andDevelopment (OECD).
The new circumstances brought about by COVID-19
have dramatically illustrated the vital importance of ICTs andbroadband connectivity for societies and economies everywhere.
But the pandemic has also revealed stark inequalities in accessto ICTs, reminding us of the digital divide that still prevents 3.6
billion people around the world from benefiting from the digitaltechnologies and services that have proved so essential during the
pandemic.
Now more than ever, ICTs are key to achieving the UN
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and tackling the world’s
most pressing challenges, including COVID-19. And Japan has aprominent role to play in this effort.
I commend the Ministr y of Internal Affairs andCommunications of Japan for its suppor t of IT U ’s
Connect2Recover initiative, which helps countries recoverfrom COVID-19 by expanding access to affordable and reliable
connectivity, with an initial focus on hard-hit and least wellconnected African countries.
Japan has been a member of ITU for more than 140 years
and has been elected to the ITU Council on every occasion since1959. We at ITU are grateful for Japan’s active participation in
our activities, from harmonizing the use of the radio-frequency
spectrum and satellite orbits to developing international standards
enabling next-generation technologies to assisting developing
countries with infrastructure and policy development.
As we look to the year ahead of us, not only do we need to2

New Breeze Winter 2021

connect the unconnected, but we also need to upgrade our services
with new technologies such as 5G, cloud computing, AI, andmany more.
Japan has long been a global source of ICT innovation anda leader in important and emerging areas of ITU’s work, fromspace to AI to 5G. I was pleased to see several operators launch 5G
services in Japan in 2020.
5G services will see the advent of new applications in areas asdiverse and promising as automated vehicles, telemedicine, smart
cities, and collaborative robotics, to name a few. Already during
COVID-19, we have seen innovative applications of 5G in fields
such as health, education, finance, and transportation.
In these critical and challenging times, Japan serves as an
example for other countries to follow.
I would like to thank the government of Japan for its role inthe development of ICTs and its significant financial support to
ITU. My thanks also go to the many Japanese companies that are
Sector Members of ITU, and to our Japanese Academia Members.
Both provide ITU with valuable technical expertise. And thankyou to the ITU Association of Japan for its continued support toour organization.
In 2021, Japan will host the Summer Olympic Games inTokyo. I am confident that these Games will showcase Japan’s
ICT innovation capabilities and will offer the world great hope forthe future.
In 2021, ITU will also convene its World Telecommunication
Development Conference for the first time on the African
continent in Addis Ababa in Ethiopia. It will be the opportunity
to mobilize the global community around digital transformationin support of the SDGs.
With only 10 years left to achieve these goals and amidst an
unprecedented crisis, leveraging ICTs for inclusive development ismore important than ever before.
I call on all our Japanese Members and friends of ITU in
Japan to rise to the challenge and help us use this moment to build
a safer, more sustainable, and better-connected digital future forall.
I wish you all a healthy, peaceful, and happy 2021!

Welcoming a New Year

Tetsuo Yamakawa

President
The ITU Association of JapanS

incere wishes for a Happy New Year!
I assumed the position of President in December oflast year, and I hope you will all continue to support meas you did the previous President, Toshiyuki Minami.
In 2020, the global spread of the new coronavirus pandemic
had a great effect on social and economic activity, and it is still
not subsiding around the world. The contagion has also spread inJapan, through urban and rural areas alike, and although measures
to prevent the spread continue, businesses have had to adjust to thecorona era, with remote work, staggered work hours and online
meetings in wide use. We hope that the New Year will be a good
one, full of vitality.
Reflecting back on the year, meetings and events with the
ITU and APT that we were involved in last year were also
affected. The ITU-T SG9 assembly (Japan) planned for April
was suspended, ITU Telecom World (Vietnam) in September
and WTSA (India) in November were postponed, and the APTGeneral Assembly/Management Committee (Japan) in December
were held virtually. Under these circumstances, Katsunori Kondo
was elected the secretary general of APT at the General Assemblyin December. May I offer my congratulations, and best wishes forthese activities in the future.
On October 6, we held the “Celebration of World
Telecommunication and Information Day.” This is normally heldin May each year, but was postponed to October and scaled down
due to the pandemic. In the ceremony, Yushi Naito, who has been
involved in international standardization activities with ITU-T
for many years, received the MIC Minister’s Award, and Kazuko
Ito, who has contributed to building an inclusive society throughpara-sports using ICT technology, received a Special Achievement
Award. Accomplishment Awards were also given to 18 otherpeople and two organizations, and Encouragement Awards were
given to 18 people and one organization. Congratulations to all
who received awards. In November and December, the first online
APT training course was also held.
This year, we are anticipating expansion of the nextgeneration 5G commercial services, which were launched lastyear in Japan. With the corona plague, we have strong hopes that
we will solve societal issues and leap toward Society 5.0, through5G and other ICT technologies. There are also plans to hold the
Olympics and Paralympics this summer, postponed from last year.
We hope that, with enough preparation, this event anticipated theworld over, will be held, putting the spotlight on all of Japan.
In ITU events, the postponed World Telecom (Vietnam)
is scheduled for October, and WTDC (Ethiopia) is scheduled
for November. It is expected that real events will be difficult,but based on previous experience, we are being flexible withpreparations and cooperating with everyone involved in ITU and
APT meetings and events.
This year, we will reach 50 years since our association was
founded. I would like to thank all of you for your support, and forthe future, it is my desire to work even harder, to mediate among
all of our members, the Japanese Government, and the ITU.
I wish you all a Happy New Year, and for your health andvitality for the coming year.

■ Celebration of World Telecommunication andInformation Day (October 6, 2020)

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General Outline of 5G Field Trials
Marubashi Hirohito

Assistant Director
New-Generation Mobile Communications OfficeLand Mobile Division, Radio Department
Telecommunications Bureau
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications

1. The start of commercial 5G services

2. 5G Field Trials

In March 2020, mobile phone carriers began offeringcommercial 5G (5th generation mobile communication system)
services. The three main benefits of 5G are that it enables ultrahigh speed communication, has ultra-low latency, and supports
multiple simultaneous connections. It is expected that thesebenefits will enable the development of completely new services,such as allowing people to view realistic live images of remotelocations like tourist spots and sports stadiums from various
different angles.
In particular, 5G is the only technology that supports ultralow latency and multiple simultaneous connections. The former
allows real-time communication to be implemented with low
delays, while the latter makes it possible to connect multiple
IoT devices at the same time (Figure 1). Applications that takeadvantage of these features are being considered for use invarious industrial fields, such as automatic farm managementin agriculture, smart factory applications in the manufacturingindustry, and the remote control of construction machinery in theconstruction industry.

The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications(MIC) has promoted efforts aimed at the realization of 5G,
including research and development, international cooperationand standardization, allocation of frequencies to 5G, and theformulation of technical standards. As a part of this, with theaim of creating new markets through the realization of 5G, athree-year program of 5G Comprehensive Demonstration Tests(hereinafter referred to as “5G Field Trials”) was performed from
FY2017 through FY2019 with the participation of stakeholders
from various fields related to the use of 5G technology (Figure 2).
In this article, we look back on the achievements of this program.
In the first year (FY2017), mobile phone operators proactively
selected multiple themes and locations in which 5G is envisaged to
be used in practice, and performed technical studies relating to thebenefits of 5G with regard to speed, latency and connectivity.
In FY2018, 5G technical verification and performance
evaluation tests were conducted for various use cases basedon eight issues identified by the ICT Infrastructure Regional
Development Strategy Study Group of the Ministry of Internal■ Figure 1: What is the 5th generation mobile communication system (5G)?

4New Breeze Winter 2021

■ Figure 2: Implementation status of 5G Field Trials■ Figure 3: Outline of 5G Field Trials (FY2019)

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5

■ Figure 4: 5G Field Trials around Japan (FY2019)

Affairs and Communications. The ministry also organized a
5G Utilization Idea Contest with the aim of soliciting unique
ideas from around Japan that provide solutions to various local
problems. A total of 785 entries were received during Octoberand November 2018. In December of the same year, primary
screening was performed by the ministry’s Regional Bureaus of
Telecommunications and Offices of Telecommunications (11locations nationwide), and in January 2019, the leading proposals
selected in primary screening were entered into a contest(secondary screening) held at the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications. In the secondary screening, presentations weremade by each proposer, and as a result of examination by a panelof judges, the overall grand prize was awarded to an entry from
Shikoku, which proposed exploiting the characteristics of 5G toprovide a better working environment, safer working conditions,and the transfer of skills from highly skilled workers (proposer:
Distributed Processing Systems Laboratory, Ehime University
Graduate School of Science and Engineering). Other proposals
also received awards, including the 5G Characteristic Utilization
Award and the Regional Problem-Solving Award.
In FY2019, based on the results of previous technicalverification and the results of the 5G Utilization Idea Contest,
we conducted demonstrations at 23 locations nationwide with
an emphasis on models that use 5G to help solve local issues(Figures 3, 4).
The implementation status of the 5G Field Trials in FY2019 isintroduced below.
For example, based on Ehime University’s prize-winningidea mentioned above, NTT DOCOMO entered into a joint

6

New Breeze Winter 2021

verification trial aimed at ensuring the safety of crane operations
through the use of high-definition images at a shipyard in Imabari
City, Ehime Prefecture. To operate a shipyard crane more safely,
ultra-fast high-capacity 5G communication was used to transmit
high-definition video images of a crane’s blind spot to the crane
operator’s cabin, thereby eliminating the blind spot and providing
a safe work environment where the crane can be operated safely
while checking this video.
KDDI Corporation and others demonstrated a remote control
and integrated construction management system for construction
machinery in Iga City, Mie Prefecture. This uses 5G’s ultralow latency communication to resolve worker shortages andobserve working conditions in real time by using remote control
of construction machinery and management of construction workat a site where roadbuilding at a dam construction site was being
simulated.
Also, a group including a company called Wireless City
Planning demonstrated the provision of safety management for
tunnel workers in Akaigawa Village, Hokkaido. Using 5G’s
support for multiple simultaneous connections, they made it
possible to detect anomalies inside the tunnel with environment
sensors during tunnel engineering works, and by performing
remote operation of construction machinery in the event of adisaster or accident, they were able to ensure the safety of workers.
The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications has
also been working on publicity and advertising related to 5G,
including holding the 5G International Symposium 2020 in
February 2020 in order to publicize the results of the 5G Field
Trials in 2019 in Japan and around the world.

3. The deployment and evolution of 5G
To make 5G available throughout Japan, it will be necessary to
set up as many 5G base stations as possible. Here, we introduce thefrequency allocations for 5G.
On April 10, 2019, the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications allocated frequencies for 5G to four mobile
phone carriers (planning and accreditation of specific basestations). In the 3.7 and 4.5 GHz bands, NTT DOCOMO
was allocated 200 MHz of bandwidth (3600–3700 MHz and
4500–4600 MHz), KDDI Corporation and Okinawa Cellular
Telephone Co., Ltd. were allocated 200 MHz (3700–3800 MHz
and 4000–4100 MHz), 100 MHz (3900–4000 MHz) was
allocated to SoftBank Corp., and 100 MHz (3800–3900 MHz)was allocated to Rakuten Mobile Inc. In the 28 GHz band, NTT
DOCOMO was allocated 400 MHz of bandwidth (27.4–27.8
GHz), KDDI Corporation and Okinawa Cellular Telephone Co.,
Ltd. were allocated 400 MHz (27.8–28.2 GHz), SoftBank Corp.
was allocated 400 MHz (29.1–29.5 GHz), and Rakuten Mobile
Inc. was allocated 400 MHz (27.0–27.4 GHz).
To promote early deployment, the Ministry of Internal Affairs
and Communications obliged each mobile phone operator to
begin offering 5G services in all prefectures within two years
when allocating frequencies for 5G in April 2019. To promote thebroad expansion of 5G services across the entire country, these
deployment guidelines divided the whole of Japan into a grid of
10 km squares, and evaluated the performance of 5G providersin terms of the number of squares in which they had deployed
5G base stations with advanced characteristics. According to the
preparation plans of each mobile phone operator, 5G will havebeen deployed across 98% of the country by the end of FY2023, bywhich time 5G networks are expected to be deployed throughout
the whole of Japan, including rural areas. 5G is expected to be
rapidly deployed nationwide as a core infrastructure for the 21st

century, which is indispensable for regional development.

4. Local 5G
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications is
promoting an initiative called Local 5G, whereby organizations
such as local companies and local governments can flexibly deploy
and use 5G hotspots in their respective buildings and premises
according to the individual needs of the region and industry(Figure 5).
In FY2020, to enable local businesses and other organizations
to solve regional issues through the use of Local 5G, Local 5G
technical verification tests were performed in use cases assuming
a diverse variety of Local 5G base station installation locations
and usage environments, and through these verification tests,
development demonstrations are being performed in which
Local 5G is used to construct regional problem-solving models.
In FY2020, demonstrations are being performed to address
issues in the fields of primary industries (agriculture, fisheries),
factories, infrastructure/mobility, tourism/culture/sports, disasterprevention/crime prevention, work style reform, and medicine/
healthcare.
Through these efforts, the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications will continue to make a concerted effort topromote the development of 5G infrastructure and the promotionof 5G applications including Local 5G.
Finally, in order to solve regional issues with 5G, in addition
to the knowledge of telecommunications carriers and equipmentvendors, it is also essential to consider the viewpoints and ideas
of 5G end-users. It is hoped that knowledge gained from the
5G Field Trials will be put to good use and that 5G will become
more widespread and popular through the cooperation of various
stakeholders including telecommunications carriers, equipmentvendors, and end-users.

■ Figure 5: Overview of Local 5G

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2019 Field Trial Results: Part 1
Field Trial
Group 1

Field Trial
Group 2

Field trials of Use Cases Employing 5G Ultra-fastCommunication in Outdoor Environments
Field trials of Use Cases Employing 5G Ultra-fastCommunication in Mobile Environments
Takashi OKADA

Masanori Ichinose

Senior Manager
6G Laboratories
NTT DOCOMO, INC.

Senior Manager
Solution Services Division
NTT Communications Corporation

1. Introduction
As part of the FY2019 5G Comprehensive Demonstration
Tests (hereinafter referred to as “5G Field Trials”) initiative of
the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications[1], NTT
DOCOMO and NTT Communications have joined forces toperform field trials of use cases exploiting the benefits of 5G
communications[2]. Specifically, we performed an investigation oftechnical criteria relating to 5G mobile communication systems
that facilitate ultra-fast communication at an average of 4–8
Gbps in outdoor environments populated by many base stations
and terminals (referred to as use cases involving ultra-fast 5G
communication in outdoor environments), and an investigationof the technical criteria relating to 5G mobile communication
systems that facilitate high-speed mobile communication at
average speeds of over 1 Gbps in mobile communication involving
many base stations and terminals (referred to as use cases involving
ultra-fast 5G communication in mobile environments). This
article introduces the main field trial results.

2. Field trials of use cases exploiting ultra-fast
5G communication in outdoor environments
Field Trial Group 1 NTT DOCOMO, Inc.:
Takashi Okada, Kentaro Fujii, Tomoaki
Minamida, Shunsuke Nakamura,
Yoshifumi Morihiro, Kensuke Takahashi,
Satoshi Suyama, Yukihiko Okumura
Of the field trials conducted in FY2019, we discuss here thefield trials conducted with partners regarding use cases where
5G ultra-fast communication is applied to the five fields shownin Table 1. The technical goal of these field trials was to achieveultra-fast communication at average speeds of 4–8 Gbps inoutdoor environments with multiple base stations and multiple
terminals.
2.1 Field trials of a real-time cloud editing/relay solution
using 5GIn December 2019, we conducted a verification trial in Sendai
City, Miyagi Prefecture using the 4.5 GHz band in DOCOMO’s 5G
pre-service area with a view to implementing a service that facilitates
video transmission and video editing over a 5G network during a live
event broadcast. In this field trial, 5G was used to seamlessly deliver
live video (about 24 Mbps) from four cameras at a remote outdoor■ Table 1: List of field trials
Utilization field

Use case

Frequencyband

4.5 GHz

Implementers/partners

Entertainment

Real-time cloud editing/relay
solutions*

NTT DOCOMO, Inc., Sendai Television, Sony Business Solutions

Offices/workplaces

Ensuring the occupational safety of 28 GHz
highly skilled workers*

NTT DOCOMO, Ehime University, Asakawa Shipbuilding, Sumitomo Heavy
Industries Transport Systems, Ehime Prefecture

Medicine

Advanced mobile telemedicine

4.5 GHzNTT DOCOMO, Wakayama Prefecture, Wakayama Medical University, Tokyo
Women’s Medical University

Smart House/Life

Traditional performing arts
instruction (distance learning)*

28 GHzNTT DOCOMO, CBC Creation, Chubu Nippon Broadcasting, CBC Television

Traffic

Supporting people with hearing
28 GHzimpairments by visualizing sounds*

NTT DOCOMO, Sun Electronics＊ Projects that won the top prize in the 5G Utilization Idea Contest held by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2018[3]8

New Breeze Winter 2021

■ Figure 1: Field trials of a real-time cloud editing/relay solution using 5G■ Figure 2: Editing and switching at locations away

■ Figure 4: Field trials to ensure the occupational safety

event location, to transmit video for distribution without using largescale relay equipment, and to perform editing and distribution of
full-scale video content even at locations away from the broadcastingstation that has specialist equipment and software.
2.2 Using 5G to ensure the occupational safety of skilledworkers
In December 2019, we performed a field trials during slinging
work by a crane situated in Asakawa Shipbuilding in Imabari
City, Ehime Prefecture, to examine the possibility of using 5G
equipment operating in the 28 GHz band to relay high-definition■ Figure 3: Field trials to ensure the occupational safety using 5G

New Breeze Winter 20219video images of a blind spot to the crane operator’s seat in orderto create a safer working environment. In this field trial, 5G wasused to stably transmit 2K low-latency video images of the blindspot (50–60 Mbps) to a display installed in the operator’s cabin toprovide the operator with high-definition video images to ensurethat slinging work and crane operations could be performed moresafely. It is expected that this approach could be used to improve
the safety of crane operations in the shipbuilding industry bytransmitting video images of places that cannot be seen by theoperator, not only for viewing blind spots, but also for purposessuch as confirming the center of mass of loads carried by the crane.
2.3 Using 5G to deliver advanced remote mobile medical care
In January 2020, we continued with a field trial in Hidakagawa
Town, Wakayama Prefecture that had been started in FY2018 to
examine the potential for improving the quality of remote diagnosis
as a means of addressing the disparity between urban and rural
healthcare provision. In FY2019, in addition to the verification
trials conducted up to FY2018, we also used 5G wireless equipment
operating in the 4.5 GHz band to transmit video images from highdefinition cameras and medical equipment in a mobile medical
unit (“Hyper Doctor Car”) capable of supporting high-quality
diagnosis and treatment. We confirmed that the ability of 5G todeliver high-definition video images made it possible to perform
medical examinations together with specialists in remote clinics andeven in other mobile medical units. Doctors at university hospitals
were able to observe patients via 5G video just as clearly as if they

■ Figure 6: Medical equipment and a bed in a mobile
medical unit (“Hyper Doctor Car”)

were right in front of them, and reported that this new technology
constituted a major step forward from conventional systems. In thisdemonstration, we confirmed that mobile medical units can be used
to perform more advanced forms of diagnosis, and we expect thatthey will be able to improve the level of medical care available inmountainous areas.
2.4 Using 5G to support traditional performing arts (throughremote education)
In October 2019, a field trial was conducted in Nakatsugawa
City, Gifu Prefecture to connect a Kabuki master with multiple
Kabuki classrooms via 28 GHz band 5G wireless devices to■ Figure 5: Field trials to deliver advanced remote mobile medical care using 5G■ Figure 7: Field trials to deliver remote education using 5G

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New Breeze Winter 2021

■ Figure 8: Providing guidance on performances while over a 4K two-way video linkprovide guidance on performances while over a 4K two-way
video link. We confirmed that four streams of live 4K video canbe transmitted simultaneously, and that it is possible to provide
remote instruction with such a level of reality that even small
details such as eye movements can be conveyed between teachersand students in Kabuki classes. Multi-point remote lessons are
expected to support efficient tuition regardless of location, making
them a suitable way of handing down traditional performing arts
skills that are in danger of being lost due to Japan’s dwindling andaging population. By providing greater numbers of people with theopportunity to experience Kabuki through television broadcasting
and the like, it is hoped that there will be a resurgence of interestin the art, thereby contributing to the revitalization of Japan’s
tourism industry.

2.5 Supporting everyday life by using 5G to visualize sounds
In October 2019, with the aim of providing hearing-impaired
people in Nakatsugawa City, Gifu Prefecture with new lifestylesupport services based on 5G wireless devices operating in the
28 GHz band, we conducted verifications trials of a service that
detects dangerous sounds in the vicinity and conveys them as visual
information. This information is analyzed and presented to the user
via smart glasses. We were able to confirm that this system was able
to provide users with warnings and other content, including playing
back videos and 3D model data describing the danger, within one
second of detecting a dangerous noise. In addition to supporting
people with auditory impairments, we expect that this technology
could also be used in various other fields including entertainment asa means of displaying content in response to sounds.

■ Figure 9: Field trials to support everyday life by using 5G to visualize sounds■ Figure 10: Analyzing sounds in the vicinity and provide users with warnings

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■ Table 2: List of field trials
Utilization field

Use case

Frequency
Implementers/partners
band
28 GHzNTT Communications, MIRAIT, Nagano Keikyu Country Club, Fujitsu,
NTT DOCOMOSport

Providing on-course support for golfers*

Smart cities/areas

Subway safety assurance support*

28 GHzNTT Communications, Hanshin Electric Railway, ITOCHU Techno
Solutions, Fujitsu BSC, NTT DOCOMO

Traffic

Providing driving assistance in dense fog*

4.5 GHzNTT Communications, Oita Prefecture, Autobacs Seven, Oita Prefecture Fog
Countermeasures Council, T Plan, NTT DOCOMO＊ Projects that won the top prize in the 5G Utilization Idea Contest held by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in 2018[3]3. Field trials of 5G ultra-high-speed
communication in mobile environments
Field Trial Group 2 NTT Communications Corporation:
Masanori Ichinose, Ichiro Nakagawa
Of the field trials conducted in FY2019, we discuss here thefield trials conducted with partners regarding use cases where 5G
ultra-fast communication is applied to the three fields shown in
Table 2. The technical goal of these field trials was to achieve highspeed communication at average speeds of over 1 Gbps in mobile
environments with multiple base stations and multiple terminals.

3.1 Using 5G to provide support on a golf course
In November 2019, we constructed a 28 GHz band 5G
communication area at the first hole of the Nagano Keikyu
Country Club in Nagano City, Nagano Prefecture, and we
performed a field trial in which AI was used to analyze video
captured by a 4K 360° camera in order to estimate the landing spots
where balls came to rest, and to show the state of play as live video
on a next-generation display cart. With this system, we were able
to achieve stable transmission of live 4K video in an environment
with many connected base stations and terminals, even when the■ Figure 11: F ield trials to provide support on a golf course using 5G■ Figure 12: Field trials to provide support on a golf course

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next-generation display cart was moving. This system is expected tohave several benefits, including an improved play turnover rate dueto the ball landing spot estimation service, the ability to implement
alternative services where a caddy is not required, and the ability toprovide a service that attracts golfers from further afield.
3.2 Using 5G to provide subway safety assurance support
In January 2020, at Fukushima Station on the Hanshin
Electric Railway in Osaka, images from inside trains and fromstation platforms were transmitted via 5G to an AI analysis
server that automatically looked for people behaving abnormallyor entering restricted areas, and alerted station staff by sending

messages to their smart phones. We confirmed that this system
was capable of providing stable safety assurance support. In thisfield trial, train-mounted mobile stations were able to use the 28
GHz band to connect to the base station from a distance of about
300 m outside the line of sight, allowing video to be transmitted
before the train reached the platform. We confirmed that thismade it possible for station staff to deal with abnormal situations.
We also confirmed that abnormalities could be detected correctly
and reported to station staff without human intervention. It is
expected that this could be used as a safety assurance support
service to avoid dangerous behavior such as rushing towards anarriving train.

■ Figure 13: F ield trials to provide subway safety assurance support using 5G■ Figure 14: Field trials to provide subway safety assurance support

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3.3 Using 5G to provide driving assistance in dense fog
In February 2020, on the expressway in Oita Prefecture andat the Oita Dome stadium, we performed Japan’s first verification
trials of a driving support system that uses thermal cameras and4K cameras together with 5G transmission to allow the driverto check in front of and behind the vehicle even in fog with poor
visibility. For this field trial the fog was generated artificially, andthe video pictures from the vehicle-mounted thermal cameras

and 4K cameras were transmitted to a cloud-based image analysis
AI system, taking advantage of 5G’s high-speed, high-capacity
and low-latency characteristics to provide a head-up display of
obstacles to the front and rear of the vehicle. Based on the AI
analysis detection results, we confirmed that vehicles can be driven
safely by providing the driver with auxiliary information about
obstacles and the like that are difficult to visually confirm.

■ Figure 15: Field trials to provide driving assistance in dense fog using 5G■ Figure 16: Field trials to provide driving assistance in dense fog

4. Conclusion
We have introduced the field trials performed in FY2019 aspart of the 5G Field Trials initiative of the Ministry of Internal
Affairs and Communications (“field trials of use cases employing
5G ultra-fast communication in outdoor environments” and“field trials of use cases employing 5G ultra-fast communicationin mobile environments”). In the future, we plan to build on theexperience of these field trials to continue working towards therealization of diverse 5G applications.

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Acknowledgments
We would like to express our deep gratitude to the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, our fieldtrial implementation partners, and other related parties for theopportunity to conduct these field trials.
References[1] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: “Field Trials to Start in 2019,” https://www.
soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000390.html, Aug. 2019.
[2] NTT DOCOMO, “Results of Field Trials for the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications in FY2019,” https://www.nttdocomo.co.jp/binary/pdf/info/news_release/
topics_200316_00.pdf, March 2020.
[3] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: “5G Utilization Idea Contest,” https://5gcontest.jp/, Jan. 2019.

2019 Field Trial Results: Part 2
Field Trial
Group 3

Field Trial
Group 4

Field Trials of Use Cases Exploiting 5G Ultra-highspeed Communications in Urban and Suburban Settings
Field Trials of Use Cases Exploiting 5G Ultra-highspeed Communications in Indoor Environments
Akira Matsunaga

Hiroyuki Yokoyama

Mobile Network Technical Development Division
KDDI

Advanced Telecommunications
Research Institute International

1. Introduction
The FY2019 5G Comprehensive Demonstration Tests[1](hereinafter referred to as “5G Field Trials”) initiated by the
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC)
included field trials of use cases leveraging the features of the
5th generation mobile communications system (hereinafterreferred to as “5G”). These field trials were part of a “contractfor investigating technical criteria of a 5th generation mobile
communications system capable of u ltra-high-speed
communications exceeding a bit rate of 300 Mbps on average inthe uplink from a terminal in an urban or suburban environment
consisting of multiple base stations and multiple terminals”(hereinafter referred to as “field trials of use cases exploiting
5G ultra-high-speed communications in urban and suburban
settings”) and of “achieving ultra-high-speed communications
exceeding a bit rate of 300 Mbps on average in the uplink from aterminal in indoor environments” (hereinafter referred to as “fieldtrials of use cases exploiting 5G ultra-high-speed communicationsin indoor environments”). This article provides an overview ofthese field trials. Videos of these field trials have been placed on
the Web.[2]2. Field Trials of Use Cases Exploiting 5G
Ultra-high-speed Communications in Urban
and Suburban Settings
Field Trial Group 3 KDDI:
Akira Matsunaga, Satoshi Nakano,
Masahiko Nakao, Yuki Shida,
Seiichiro Sakai
Envisioning four use cases exploiting 5G, we conducted fieldtrials in collaboration with partners (Table 1). The technical objectiveof these field trials was to achieve ultra-high-speed communications
in uplink communications from user terminals in an environment
consisting of multiple base stations and multiple terminals.

2.1 Invigorating the new sporting event of“slacklining”
The promotion of new sporting events suffers from a numberof problems due, for example, to the inability of spectators tounderstand the rules of the game or the difficulty of the skills
required. As a result, the appeal of new sports has not beenadequately conveyed and a sense of unity has not been createdamong spectators as well as between spectators and athletes. The
purpose of this field trial was to revitalize regional communities
by giving a boost to sporting events rooted in regional areas.
Specifically, we conducted a field trial of a new viewing experience
for the new sporting event of “slacklining” exploiting the ultrahigh-speed and low-latency features of 5G at the 2019 Slackline■ Table 1: List of use cases
Use case
Invigorating the new sporting event of “slacklining” *Discovering potential distress and sharing information in a
mountain climber observation system *Frequency
Implementers/partners
band
28 GHzKDDI, Goolight, Asobism, Japan Slackline Promotion Organization, Obuse
Town
28 GHzKDDI, Shinshu University, Chuo Alps Kanko Co., Ltd., Komagane City

Promotion of tourism using high-definition omnidirectional VR 28 GHz
video *

KDDI, Tokai University, Air Camera, Agrid, Minamiaso Village

Integrated management system of construction work

KDDI, Obayashi Corporation, NEC Corporation

28 GHz3.7 GHz

Note: Use cases marked with an asterisk (*) were top winners in the 5G Utilization Idea Contest held by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in FY2018[3].

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■ Figure 1: Slacklining competition

with the slackline and transmitted that sense of vibration tovibration seats installed in the spectator seating area via 5G. We
were able to transmit this vibration information with a delay of
41 – 50 ms by exploiting the low-latency characteristics of 5G.
This enabled spectators to feel the impact of a jump synchronizedwith what they were seeing with their own eyes and to feel a senseof unity with the player. Spectators that experienced this sensation
offered comments such as “I felt as if I was jumping in the air! I’dlike to try slacklining” (Figure 3).
This field trial demonstrated that a transmission systemleveraging the ultra-high-speed and low-latency features of 5G
could promote understanding of important game rules and thechallenge of certain skills while contributing to new and exciting
experiences for spectators.

■ Figure 2: Configuration of field trial for promotion ofslacklining

2.2 Discovering potential distress and sharing information
in a mountain climber observation system
In recent years, the number of disasters and accidents
involving mountain climbers has been on an upward trend
thereby increasing the workload of rescue operations. To solve
this problem, we have developed a mountain climber observation
system that can detect the location of a mountain climber byhaving mountain climbers carry a Low Power Wide Area
(LPWA) terminal with a built-in GPS function and transmittingthat GPS location information to alpine rescue headquarters by
LPWA at the time of an accident.
The purpose of this field trial was to help improve rescue
operations by first obtaining accurate information on the locationof the victim through the mountain climber observation systemand to then transmit high-definition video of the accident scenefrom a drone having a compact airframe and excellent mobility
using the 5G feature of ultra-high-speed communications in the
uplink. The first step in this trial was to capture the reactionof the victim when hailed from the drone equipped with a 4K
camera, loudspeaker, and 5G terminal. The next step was to relaythat 4K high-definition video to a monitor at the alpine rescue
headquarters and a tablet-type 5G terminal held by the rescue
team (Figure 4). To test the feasibility of these operations, we
conducted this field trial in the vicinity of Hotel Senjojiki at Mt.
Komagatake in Nagano prefecture in October 2019.
Prior to testing this use case, we evaluated the 5G radio
performance by equipping the drone with a 5G terminal andmeasuring uplink throughput at 15 points (Figures 5 and 6). Based■ Figure 3: M onitor video and vibration seat at venue

World Cup Japan FULL COMBO held at Obuse Park in Nagano
prefecture in September 2019.
Slacklining is a sport that lets players compete in acrobatic
skills while jumping on a 5 cm wide line and that involves
competition in terms of trick difficulty, proficiency of movements,
etc. (Figure 1).
In this field trial, we installed two 5G base stations at a heightof 5 m above the ground and set up three 5G terminals to conduct
two separate field trials as use cases (Figure 2).
In the first field trial, we transmitted 4K high-definition videoof the competition by 5G together with information such as theheight of a jump automatically determined from the video of amotion camera and trick level, number of consecutive jumps, etc.
determined by a judge. We then combined all of this informationin the video and relayed it in real time to a large monitor at thevenue so that spectators could better understand trick level andother aspects of the sport. Next, in the second field trial, we
used inclination sensors installed on the slackline to detect the
instantaneous vibration that occurs when a player makes contact

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■ Figure 4: Configuration of field trial of mountain climber
observation system

■ Figure 5: External view of drone■ Figure 7: M easurement results■ Figure 6: Measurement points■ Figure 8: S cene of field trial of mountain climber
observation systemon the results of these measurements, we inferred, for this fieldtrial configuration, that the maximum range for achieving 30
Mbps in the uplink as required for this use case involving 4K video
transmission was approximately 200 m from the 5G base station(Figure 7).
Next, we successfully transmitted 4K high-definition videofrom the drone to both the alpine rescue headquarters and rescue
team by 5G and showed that the accident scene could be grasped
in greater detail in this way (Figure 8). The rescue team thatparticipated in this demonstration commented that they looked
forward to actual implementation of the system because, in theirwords, “We could obtain a better understanding of the victim’s
situation.”
2.3 P
 romotion of tourism using high-definition
omnidirectional VR video
Since the Kumamoto earthquake in 2016, the revitalizationof tourism to ignite a recovery in tourist numbers has been amajor issue for Minamiaso village. However, many tourist sites
in the Minamiaso area such as the Mt. Aso crater and colonies
of rare plants have become off limits or severely limited from theviewpoints of safety or environmental protection. As a result,traditional approaches to tourism have not been sufficiently
conveying the charm of this region. In this field trial, we flew
two drones each equipped with a high-definition omnidirectional
virtual reality (VR) camera over such tourist sites and presented
the video to individual tourists visiting the area in real timethrough a head-mounted display (HMD). In this way, we

envisioned a use case that could provide a means of tourism thatwas safe and not environmentally destructive and that could
convey the beauty and charm of the Minamiaso area (Figure 9).
In this field trial, we installed two 5G base stations at roadsidestation “Asobou no Sato Kugino” in Minamiaso village andconducted the field trial in December 2019 (Figure 10).
We flew the two drones each equipped with a 5G terminalover two overlapping areas each covered by one of the base stationsin an airspace ranging as far as 67 m from the base station. We
captured high-definition omnidirectional VR video on the twodrones and transmitted the video in real time to two HMDs,
respectively (Figure 11). We also supplemented this live video
transmitted from the drones with prerecorded video of structural
remains from the earthquake that are now off limits as well as
regional images and seasonal images and enabled tourists toswitch between the video and images via a HMD as desired.
■ Figure 9: Overview of field trial for promoting tourism
using VR video

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■ Figure 10: 5
 G evaluation environment■ Figure 12: Configuration of field trial of integrated
management system of construction work

■ Figure 11: S cenes of field trial

The president of “Asobou no Sato Minami-Aso,” a company
involved in local tourism and a collaborator in this field trial, said
“Aerial sightseeing by helicopter, which was popular in the past,
is now on hold due to noise issues associated with flights, but I
feel that this demonstration that included scenes from below andbehind may even be better. Image quality is good and I expect
further improvements to be made.” This comment underscores thepossibility of creating attractive sightseeing services using 5G.
2.4 Integrated management system of construction work
The purpose of this field trial was to deal with the shortageof on-site workers in construction work and to achieve realtime management of massive amounts of on-site work data to
make the entire process more efficient. We conducted this fieldtrial simulating road construction at a dam construction site
exploiting the 5G features of ultra-high-speed and low-latency
communications.
As part of the 5G Field Trials, trials examining the remotecontrol of construction machinery using 5G began in FY2017
and the successful remote control of a single machine wasdemonstrated in the same year. Then, in FY2018, a field trial
envisioning the work of recovering from a landslide disasterwas conducted. This trial involved the rapid deployment of a
5G network in the disaster-hit area, the remote control of two
machines that work together, and the removal of landslide debris.
Next, in FY2019, with an eye to applying remote control togeneral construction work based on construction drawings, an“integrated construction management system” was created thatcombined the remote control system with a machine guidancesystem for determining machine working status and 3D laser
scanners for measuring work results. Using this system, a field trial
simulating road construction was conducted at Kawakami Dam in
Mie prefecture in February 2020. In the trial, road construction
was performed by three pieces of machinery (backhoe, crawler
dump, and bulldozer) remotely controlled via 5G and by an

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autonomously operated machine (road roller). This was combinedwith high-precision management of completed work importantin general construction work and with real-time remote quality
management of compactness, which is the most important factor
in road construction (Figure 12). The results of this field trial
revealed video transmission latency of 140 ms – 220 ms. The
standard target for transmission latency for achieving remote
operation without discomfort or confusion is no more than 200
ms, so from an operator’s viewpoint, these results showed thatwork could be sufficiently performed.
This field trial also showed that the state of earth levelingby the bulldozer, the number of surface compaction runs by theroad roller, etc. could be displayed on machine guidance system
screens in color-coded schemes and that the results of measuring
unevenness of the constructed road by the 3D laser scanners
could also be displayed. In short, it was possible to present thestate of construction work to construction supervisors in real time
(Figure 13).
In this field trial of road construction, we measured work timein relation to transport and construction and compared measured
values with labor productivity standards of the Ministry of Land,■ Figure 13: D eviation from targeted height after road
construction

Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). Construction
work by remote control is generally considered to require 1.5 – 2.0
times the corresponding labor productivity standards, but in thisfield trial, we obtained work times of approximately 1.4 times
those standard values, which was a favorable outcome. The reasonsfor this were (1) the transmission of high-definition video could be
integrated with supplementary information such as that from 3D
laser scanners and (2) operators working together could control
their machines sitting side-by-side in the management room
within the remote control area and could therefore communicatesmoothly with each other, which would not normally be possible
at a noisy construction site. Operators involved in this remote
operation were impressed with “a sense of operation without any
discomfort or confusion” and evaluated the trial positively withcomments like “I could perform construction in a comfortableenvironment through remote operations.”
At this construction site, the work surface was prone tounevenness due to the cohesive and soft soil of the foundation,
and we found that leveling the soil by bulldozer via video-assisted
remote control was quite difficult since this type of work requires
sensitive operations. We therefore determined that there wasroom for system improvements with respect to work that requires
a finished form. In the machine guidance system used in thistrial, the operator controlled the bulldozer’s blade for soil levelingand the direction taken by the bulldozer. However, if a recently
automated system were to be introduced, the operator could
concentrate on only bulldozer direction and entrust this automatedsystem with blade operations that are highly difficult in remotemanual control. In this way, we can expect the required level ofprecision to be achieved even in remote operations.
This f ield trial demonstrated the feasibility of road
construction by remove control of construction machinery using
5G and the possibility of applying 5G to general construction
work. At present, the construction industry assumes that all
construction work must be carried out on-site since it is notpossible to concentrate operations in the manner of amanufacturing hub in the manufacturing industry. However,remote control as demonstrated by this field trial opens up the
possibility of consolidating at least part of the construction
process in a permanent hub and revolutionizing construction work
including worker roles and production management.

3. Field Trials of Use Cases Exploiting 5G
Ultra-high-speed Communications in Indoor
Environments
Field Trial Group 4 Advanced Telecommunications ResearchInstitute International:
Hiroyuki Yokoyama
Envisioning four use cases exploiting 5G, we conducted fieldtrials in collaboration with partners (Table 2). The technicalobjective of these field trials was to achieve ultra-high-speed
communications in uplink communications from a user terminal
in indoor environments.
3.1 Sports viewing to enhance sense of unity between players
and spectators
With the aim of revitalizing regional sports stadiums, we
conducted a field trial of a new sports-viewing system at the
Hanazono Rugby Stadium in Higashiosaka, Osaka in October
2019. This system exploits the 5G feature of ultra-high-speed
communications to share players’ vital data and the level ofspectator cheering and bring about a sense of unity between theplayers and spectators. It enables degree of player fatigue, levelof cheering, etc. obtained from sensor data to be visualized anddelivered to 5G terminals and the main stadium screen after being
synthesized with the live video (Figures 14 and 15). In the trial,
spectators were encouraged to cheer on the players when they got
tired, and at halftime, the spectators themselves participated in acheering competition that included game-like elements.
These new sports viewing technologies powered by 5G canenhance the sense of unity between players and spectators, andincrease the number of people attending regional stadiums.
■ Figure 14: Concept of sports-viewing field trial■ Table 2: List of use cases

Sports viewing to enhance sense of unity between players andspectators *Frequency
Implementers/partners
band
28 GHz
ATR, KDDI, Jupiter Telecommunications, Data Stadium, Knows,
TECHTUITE

Streamlining of diary/livestock industry *28 GHz

ATR, KDDI, Waseda University, University of Miyazaki, Kamishihoro Town,
Tokachi Murakami Farm

Support of racehorse breeding *28 GHz

ATR, KDDI, The University of Tokyo, Sharp Corporation, Niikappu Town,
Hidaka Racehorse Cooperative Upbringing Center

Use case

Note: Use cases marked with an asterisk (*) were top winners in the 5G Utilization Idea Contest held by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in FY2018[3].

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■ Figure 15: Video delivered in sports-viewing field trial

3.2 Streamlining of diary/livestock industry
With the purpose of raising the efficiency of the dairy/
livestock industry, we conducted a field trials for two use casesin November 2019 at Tokachi Murakami Farm in Kamishihoro
town, Hokkaido (Figure 16). The first trial aimed to detect thelocation of cows within a cowshed from 4K video transmitted
by 5G such as when a veterinarian wants to check for signs of abreeding period or diagnose the health of a cow. In this trial, we

installed multiple 4K cameras within the cowshed, shot the cows
while fixed to a stanchion during feeding, and transmitted thevideo to servers by 5G. The ID numbers on the ear tags of thecows were identified using a video analysis program running onthese servers and were then used to display the positions of thesecows on a tablet (Figure 17 (a)).
The second field trial aimed to remotely monitor cows froman office via 4K video to observe, for example, cows with low milk
production. We confirmed that real-time or stored 4K video of thecows specified by ID numbers could be shown on the screen in theoffice (Figure 17 (b)).
These results showed that the time required to search for a
cow’s location, which takes more than 15 minutes per head byvisual means, could be greatly reduced and that a specific cow
could be remotely monitored, all of which should increase work
efficiency in this industry.
3.3 Support of racehorse breeding
To support the racehorse breeding industry, we envisioned theuse of 5G to enable horse owners and production ranch owners
to observe the raising of entrusted horses from afar. To judge the■ Figure 16: Overview of field trials for dairy/livestock industry■ Figure 17: F ield trials for dairy/livestock industry

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■ Figure 18: O
 verview of field trials in support of racehorse breeding industry■ Figure 19: Field trials in support of racehorse

merits of this premise, we conducted a field trial of using 5G ultrahigh-speed communications to transmit 8K video of racehorses
at the Hidaka Racehorse Cooperative Upbringing Center in
Niikappu town, Hokkaido in November 2019 (Figure 18). In thistrial, we installed 5G base stations at two locations inside a stableand beside the training course. We also installed four 4K cameras
within a stall in the stable for monitoring by staff and remotediagnostics by veterinarians. These four 4K video streams werecombined into one 8K video stream and transmitted by 5G to an
office. In addition to the above, we installed an 8K camera in thestable passageway to capture a horse’s gait and transmitted thisvideo by 5G to the office in the same way. At the training course,
we captured the running of horses by a drone equipped with an
8K camera and succeeded in transmitting 8K video streams with
uplink throughput over 120 Mbps (Figure 19). In this way, thecondition of a horse’s muscles built up through training, its hairgloss, and other characteristics could be checked through remotemonitoring, which shows that 5G and 8K video can be useful tools
in racehorse breeding.
These technologies will improve service and access forhorse owners and increase ranch-related tourism through video
distribution.

4. Conclusion
This article introduced the results of conducting “field trials
of use cases exploiting 5G ultra-high-speed communicationsin urban and suburban settings” and “field trials of use cases
exploiting 5G ultra-high-speed communications in indoor
environments.”
Acknowledgments
We would like to express our deep gratitude to the Ministry ofInternal Affairs and Communications and related institutions fortheir cooperation in holding these field trials.
References[1] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: “Start of FY2019 5G Comprehensive
Demonstration Tests.”
https://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000390.html, Aug. 2019.
https://www.soumu.go.jp/main_sosiki/joho_tsusin/eng/pressrelease/2019/8/16_1.html (in English)[2] URLs to reference videos on KDDI’s official YouTube channel for each section of this article:
Section 2.1: https://youtu.be/S_mOloyQk6s
Section 2.2: https://youtu.be/Zr3u0xCFBuE
Section 2.3: https://youtu.be/JcrIzK7nLac
Section 2.4: https://youtu.be/fZ_vm5U8LTI
Section 3.1: https://youtu.be/clhCCTTi-7U
Section 3.2: https://youtu.be/DyQqvYx0mhY
Section 3.3: https://youtu.be/WtvhSTebvLw[3] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications: “5G Utilization Idea Contest,”
https://5g-contest.jp/, Jan. 2019.

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2019 Field Trial Results: Part 3
Field Trial
Group 5

Field Trial
Group 6

Use Case Field Trial of 5G Low Latency Reliable
Communication in a High-speed Mobile Environment
Use Case Field Trial of 5G Massive Machine-type
Communication in Indoor and Rural Outdoor
Environments

Hitoshi Yoshino
SoftBank Corporation

Part I: F ield Trial to Realize Connected
and Automated Vehicles using 5G
Ultra Reliable and Low-latencyCommunication
Field Trial Group 5 SoftBank Corporation:
Hitoshi Yoshino, Manabu Mikami

1. Introduction
5th Generation Mobile Communication Systems (5G)
encompasses not only enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB),
which is a further enhancement of conventional Mobile
Broadband capabilities, but also the new features of Ultra Reliable
and Low Latency Communication (URLLC) and massive
Machine Type Communication (m-MTC). These new features
are anticipated as infrastructure for our advanced informationsociety. Commercial deployment of eMBB has already begun.
The new 5G features, URLLC and m-MTC, have potential toopen up new markets in industrial applications. It is importantto establish concrete 5G use cases in these new areas as early as
possible.
From FY2017 to FY2019, the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications (MIC) of Japan conducted 5G Comprehensive
Demonstration Tests[1] (hereinafter referred to as “5G Field
Trials”). These field trials needed not only to assess technicalaspects of 5G radio systems for commercial deployment, butalso to conduct the 5G field trials in cooperation with potential
industrial 5G users (Vertical sectors).
For this field trial, SoftBank Co. Ltd. and Wireless City
Planning Co. Ltd. were members of Field Trial Group V (GV),
which handles the 5G URLLC domain. The 5G URLLC fieldtrials handled mission-critical use cases, studying applicationsof 5G to remote operation of passenger vehicles and truck
platooning. This article reports on the activities of GV.

2. Evacuation Guidance during Disaster(Smart intersections)
In the use case category of connected vehicles, a field trial

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Hideto Funayoshi

Wireless City Planning Inc.

was conducted using the low-latency feature of 5G to provide
guidance for safe and rapid evacuation during a disaster. The trial
was carried out in March 2020, in collaboration with the City of
Kitakyushu and the Kitakyushu Foundation for the Advancementof Industry, Science and Technology (FAIS) and in partnershipwith Nippon Signal Co. Ltd., at the Kitakyushu Science andResearch Park (KSRP) in Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture.
Car collisions and traffic congestion are issues during evacuation
when disaster occurs. The trial verified that smart intersections
utilizing 5G can help avoid collisions and ensure that evacuations
proceed smoothly. The demo scenario examined (i) controlling
traffic to merge smoothly at intersections during an evacuation,and (ii) how to avoid collisions between vehicles and protect
pedestrians at intersections during evacuation. For use of 5G toprovide evacuation guidance during a disaster, the trial focused on
three issues: (i) when implementing smart intersections, whether
it is possible to significantly reduce the cost at an intersection by
utilizing the high capacity and low-latency communication of
5G, (ii) whether advanced intersection control such as collision
prevention can be done for vehicles entering an intersection using
5G low-latency, and (iii) whether a low-cost smart intersection
with advanced functionality can be built without installing special
equipment for traffic control on the roadside, using the highcapacity and low latency of the wide-area 5G network.
The evacuation guidance field trial scenario using 5G is shownin Figure 1. In the figure, a 4K surveillance camera is installed atintersection A, and the video from the camera is sent to a Mobile
Edge Computing (MEC) server at the 5G base station by a 5G
user terminal device installed on the traffic-light pole. The MEC
server uses AI image processing to detect the positions of vehicles
entering the intersection (in the figure, the red car with the rightof-way, and the white car without right-of-way), and if they getclose within a predetermined zone, it sends warnings that they are
getting too close, to terminals in the cars via 5G. If they get too
close, it also sends a stop command through the 5G connection
to the vehicle entering the intersection that does not have rightof-way (the white vehicle in the figure), forcing it to stop and■ Figure 1: Field trial scenario for evacuation guidance PoC■ Figure 4: Experimental 5G base station■ Figure 5: R emote-controlled car with onboard 5G user
terminal

preventing a collision. If a pedestrian crosses the intersection, they
are also detected in the surveillance camera video using AI image
processing, and if the pedestrian and a vehicle get close within aprescribed area, The MEC server at the base station sends a stop
command to the 5G terminal in the vehicle, giving it a warning,and even forcing it to stop.
The course used for the field trial at KSRP is shown in
Figure 2.
Photographs of the traffic signal, surveillance camera, and 5G
terminals installed for the field trial are shown in Figure 3, the5G base station used is in Figure 4, and the remote-controllable
vehicle with 5G terminal installed is in Figure 5.
■ Figure 2: PoC field trial course

The results of the field trial showed that a low-cost smart
intersection able to protect pedestrians and prevent vehicle
collisions can be implemented, without installing expensive
sensors at intersections, using just a 5G terminal and a surveillancecamera (with 4K resolution) at the smart intersection. The cost of
the smart intersection system at each intersection for installationand maintenance can be reduced significantly, because AI andother advanced image analysis of video from the intersection canbe performed centrally by a MEC server at the 5G base station.

3. 5G Application to remote operation ofabandoned vehicle
Kitakyushu Science and Research Park
■ Figure 3: Smart intersection

In the use case category of connected vehicles, a field trialof remote vehicle operation using the low-latency feature of 5G
was conducted. The trial was demonstrated in March 2020, in
collaboration with the City of Kitakyushu and the Kitakyushu
Foundation for the Advancement of Industry, Science andTechnology (FAIS) and in partnership with FEV Japan, Co.
Inc., which develops remote control vehicles, at the Kitakyushu
Science and Research Park (KSRP) in Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka
Prefecture. The scenario for this field trial was the removal ofabandoned vehicles by remote operation, to open up roadwaysfor disaster relief, to help with rapid rescue and recovery during
disaster. For disaster rescue, any obstacles on roadways must
be removed quickly, so that rescue vehicles can get through. In
contrast with wireless control systems using dedicated frequency
bands, or local remote control using wireless LAN, using a 5G
wide-area cellular communications network for remote operation
enables abandoned vehicles to be moved to a vacant area from

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■ Figure 6: Field trial scenario for remote operation ofabandoned car■ Figure 7: R emote operation of abandoned car from aremote surveillance and operation center

distances of hundreds of km or more away. In other words, using
5G enables disaster rescue and recovery activities to be done in realtime from outside of the disaster area.
In the field trial, vehicles were controlled remotely from theremote-vehicle control center through 5G, while looking througha forward-facing onboard camera in the vehicle, and abandoned
vehicles were moved from the roadway to a vacant area (Figure 6).
In fact, to get a feel for 5G radio control in the trial, the remotevehicle control center was set up under the 5G base station used
for the trial and not at a distant location, for demonstration
purposes. Figure 7 shows a photograph of performing remotevehicle operation at the remote vehicle operation center.
Conventionally, remote operation has been done with systems
using dedicated frequency bands or wireless LAN systems, within
the operator’s field of view and the radio signal range (tens tohundreds of m). The trial showed that, using the high capacity
and low-latency of 5G communication, an operator can operate
a vehicle by looking through a high-resolution onboard camera
with low-latency communication rather than having the vehicle
in their field of view. 5G networks have low latency in the tens of
milliseconds, even including network delay, so remote operation
will be possible even from locations hundreds of kilometers awayin the future. This field trial showed that when a disaster occurs,
damage recovery with remote operation from outside the disasterarea will be possible using the low latency and high-capacity of
wide-area 5G networks.

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4. 5G Application to truck platooning
In the use case category of automated vehicles, a field trialof truck platooning (self-driving following vehicles) using thehigh reliability and low latency of 5G was conducted. With truck
platooning, several trucks form a platoon and drive together.
Communication between trucks is used to control the platoon as
one unit.
Truck platooning can be used to solve various societal issues.
The distance between trucks can be reduced through platooning,
reducing air resistance, and improving fuel economy. It has beenshown that a three truck platoon travelling at 80 km/h with 4
m between trucks would reduce fuel consumption by 15%[2]. By
further reducing the separation to 2 m, fuel consumption would
be reduced by 25%. Reducing the distance between vehicles also
increases capacity of the roadway, mitigating congestion. This canalso reduce CO2 emissions. There are also other societal issues inJapan, such as an aging driver population and driver overwork.
Platoon driving can be expected to reduce driver workload andimprove safety.
Use of 5G for communication between vehicles can improvestability and reduce a phenomenon called hunting (fluctuation of
distances between vehicles), which is caused by delay in the control
process. To further reduce fuel consumption and increase capacityof roadways, the distance between vehicles must be reduced still
more, and the number of vehicles in a platoon increased, while still
maintaining safety, so application of 5G URLLC, with its low
latency and high reliability, is anticipated for application in thisfield.
In FY2019 (Feb. 2020), a field trial was conducted on the
Shin-Tomei expressway using 5G URLLC for platooning, withan inter-vehicle distance of 10 m (trials in FY2018 used 35 m), andwith later trucks following the lead truck (steering control). The
trial was done in partnership with Advanced Smart Mobility Co.
Ltd. (ASM) and received technical and operational support fromthe Platooning Project of the Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry (METI) and the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure andTransport (MLIT). Several 5G bases stations were also installed
along the Shin-Tomei Expressway and trials were conductedon dynamic switching with two modes of radio resource
management: (1) base station control mode and (2) autonomous■ Figure 8: F ield trial of 5G Truck platooning on Shin-Tomei
expressway —CACC—■ Figure 9: Field trial of automated following of a leading
vehicle using 5G —automated steering—

Part II: F ield Trial for Early Introduction of 5G
Massive Machine-type Connectivity
Field Trial Group 6 Wireless City Planning Inc.:
Hideto Funayoshi, Yusuke Tajima

1. Introduction

control mode; for 5G New Radio (NR) Sidelink (vehicle-tovehicle direct communication).
Trial conditions on the Shin-Tomei Expressway are shown in
Figure 8 and Figure 9.

5. Conclusion
Field trials of 5G ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC) in the use case category of connected cars andautomated vehicles were conducted. For connected vehicles, fieldtrials of smart intersections and vehicle remote control weredone in the city of Kitakyushu. The actual use cases for thetrials were of giving fast and safe evacuation guidance and ofclearing roadways during a disaster. Results showed that smart
intersections can be created at low cost per intersection using
5G, and that vehicles can be cleared from roadways using remotecontrol from outside of the disaster area, even hundreds ofkilometers distant.
In the field of automated vehicles, 5G was applied to truck
platooning (automatic driving of following trucks), and driving
trials were conducted on the Shin-Tomei Expressway. Results
verified that 5G was effective in two cases: for low-volume, lowlatency communication needed for truck platooning (for vehicle
control), and for high-volume, low-latency communication (formonitoring the following trucks).
References[1] MIC, “5G Comprehensive Demonstration Tests Begin,” Press Release,
http://www.soumu.go.jp/menu_news/s-news/01kiban14_02000297.html, May 2017.
[2] K. Aoki, “Implementing autonomous driving and platooning —State of autonomous driving
development—,” pp.303-309, IPSJ Journal, Vol. 54, No. 4, Apr. 2013.

Products are currently being developed and implemented forcommercialization of 5th Generation Mobile Communication
systems (5G) in 2020. 5G is anticipated as next generation social
infrastructure featuring ultra-high-speed communication, but it
also features ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC)
and massive Machine-Type Communication (mMTC).
Establishing concrete uses cases for these features is an urgent
matter.
This article introduces field trials of two such use cases,
conducted as 5G commercial services were starting in 2020. The
first was i-Construction, which was proposed at a 5G utilization
ideas contest for solutions to regional issues, with the theme, “Safe,
secure, labor-saving, and usable anywhere.” The second use casewas smart logistics, to deal with a serious labor shortage in thelogistics industry.

2. 5G for i-Construction
Because the population of working-aged people in Japan isdecreasing, various industries need to increase labor productivity
by upgrading information and communications (ICT) and otherequipment, reducing travel and labor by utilizing data, and othermeasures. Japan is also very mountainous, with many tunnels
as part of the social infrastructure. Serious accidents can occur
on tunnel construction work sites, such as cave-ins, landslides,
suffocation, and fires, so safe and secure work environments must
be implemented.
In this field trial, sensors for dangerous toxic or flammablegases, and other indexes of work environment conditions such astemperature and carbon dioxide were installed to detect hazards
within a tunnel, and data was collected through 5G, making iteasier to detect these dangers. If an accident occurred, unmanned
construction equipment was also remotely operated to perform an
initial safety check inside the tunnel.
2.1 Tunnel construction site safety monitoring with gas
sensors, environment sensors and wearable sensors, andremote operation of construction machinery for initialsafety confirmation during disaster
This trial involved a system to monitor safety in tunnel
worksites, using gas and other environmental sensors and wearable
sensors to gather data on poisonous or flammable dangerous gasesthat can occur in tunnel worksites, to monitor work environment
indices such as temperature and carbon dioxide levels in real time,
and to send alerts to workers if dangerous levels were detected.
Then, 5G terminals were installed with remote control
equipment on a hydraulic shovel and crawler carrier at thetunnel work site, to build an environment remotely operating
construction equipment from an operator room outside of thetunnel. By using 5G high capacity communication and a MEC
server, the trial verified that construction equipment could be
operated remotely from the operating room, approximately 1,400

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■ Figure 1: Issues with tunnel work and trial details■ Figure 2: System architecture■ Figure 3: T rial resultsm from the 5G equipment, and that video from four, full-HD
cameras mounted on the equipment could be transmitted to thecontrol room, with no problems due to data loss or delay. Gas
sensors were also installed on the construction equipment, and thetrial verified the ability to check the environment in the tunnel.

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2.2 Verifying slicing functions integrating various
communication requirements
It was anticipated that wireless communication capacity could
be strained when remotely controlling construction equipment
to check site safety when a disaster has occurred. This would

require high-capacity communication in a tunnel construction
site with many IoT devices such as gas and other environmental
sensors. Accordingly, the trial also verified the performanceof per-application priority control using the network slicing
function. The slicing function allows the required bandwidth
to be guaranteed for the priority application, according to a predetermined priority profile, even if the capacity is strained. In thistrial, gas sensor data, which is life-critical, was given the highest
priority and communication for remote operation of equipment
was given the next highest priority. In this way, the ability totransmit gas sensor data without loss, and to transmit the video
data required to control equipment remotely, with acceptable delay,
was verified.

3. Smart logistics
A promising way to address significant issues in the logistics
industry, such as the shortage of truck drivers and reforming work
practices, would be to build an efficient cargo loading system. As
Mobility as a Service (MaaS) has developed, various measures
have also been proposed, such as mixing loads of passengers
and goods or sharing transport, and there is increasing need tovisualize load data in order to implement such measures.
To deal with such needs and issues, Wireless City Planningand Nippon Express are conducting a field trial using 5G
networks with LiDAR (laser scanners) to visualize the state of
the load on a truck, and acceleration and other sensors to makedecisions about loading the storage compartment. A field trial■ Figure 4: Use of network slicing■ Figure 5: I ssues with cargo loading work and trial details

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27

■ Figure 6: System architecture■ Figure 7: T rial results

was also conducted using Cat. M1 to check load temperature andweight.
3.1 Truck load state visualization and loading decisions
using 5G and a MEC server
To visualize the space available in the cargo area of a truck,a 5G terminal was used to send a point set of the space, obtainedusing LiDAR, to a manager in a location distant from the truck.
Using high-capacity 5G communication and a MEC server,
the point set data from the cargo area can be transmitted andanalysed in real time, and the load state can be visualized on the
manager’s screen. By attaching sensors to the freight that senddata frequently, the trial verified that whether the freight has been
packed in the cargo area can be detected based on the accelerationand location data from the sensors.

4. Conclusion
This article has described two usage scenarios envisioned for5G mass connectivity, working toward implementations of 5G insociety that provide solutions to regional issues.

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In tunnel recovery work after a disaster as envisioned fori-Construction, workers would conventionally have to check theenvironment with absolutely no idea what the conditions were.
However, by using remote operation of equipment and gas sensors
to get information, it was demonstrated that a higher level ofsafety can be expected. With smart logistics, it was shown that thesystem could be used to save labor by reducing the amount of workin loading cargo, and also by increasing loading efficiency. Bothof these use cases required an amount of traffic exceeding thatspecified by ITU-R, but the implementation operated without
difficulty using 5G. The two use cases also required the 5G
network to satisfy both ultra-fast communication and massive
connectivity requirements at the same time, and this was shown to
be possible with a single base station.
These trials also revealed further issues with implementationof 5G in society, including packaging, reducing the size, power
consumption and price of 5G terminals, and selecting sensor
devices with consideration of measurement accuracy. Further
study of these issues will need to continue in the future.

Promotion of 5G Field Trials and Reflections— Path of 5GMF/5G Trial Promotion Group Activities—

Yukihiko Okumura

Leader / Senior Technology Architect
5G-TPG / R&D Strategy Department
5GMF / NTT DOCOMO, INC.

1. Introduction
The Fifth Generation Mobile Communications Promotion
Forum (5GMF) was established in September, 2014, to promote
implementation of 5th Generation mobile communications systems(5G). It proposed that system integrated verification trials of 5G
linking wireless communication, network applications and user
devices (UE), be conducted starting in FY2017, and establisheda task force and then a 5G trial promotion group to study specificcontent of such trials. This article discusses the path taken by thepromotion group in its activities, and reflects on promotion ofsystem trials on 5G.

2. Preparation for System Trials on 5G
In September, 2015, the 5GMF planning committee
established the System Integrated VerificationTrial Initial
Planning Task Force (called the “Initial Planning TF”) as a
subcommittee, to draft a plan for conducting system integrated
verification trials of 5G. Based on the results of hearings with
5GMF members, the Initial Planning TF created a draft plan
enumerating trial items, details, equipment, and examples ofapplications and services that could be tested, for three categoriesof radio communication trials. These included a trial of highspeed and capacity of the low-SHF band (below 6 GHz)
communication, of high-speed and ultra-high-speed (ultra-lowlatency) high-SHF band (over 6 GHz) communication, and of
device-to-device communication with different types of wirelesssystems. Later, in January 2016, the 5G Trial Promotion Group(5G-TPG) was established within the 5GMF, to study a concrete
plan and framework for conducting system trials across the various
5GMF committees, for technology, networks and applications.
The 5G-TPG was composed of members elected from eachcommittee (from 28 5GMF ordinary members as of June 2016). In
the FY2016 preparation stage of the 5G-TPG activities scheduleat the time (Figure 1), the group promoted advance preparationand planning for conducting system integrated verification trials
based on results from the Initial Planning TF, and in the FY2017
and later execution stage, the reorganized group promoted
building the actual trial environments, selecting trial execution
members and trial equipment, and executing the trials.
In the actual preparation stage, the 5G-TPG solicited
proposals for concrete 5G utilization projects (suitable as trial
themes) from the constituent members. After organizing the■ Figure 1: 5G-TPG activity schedule

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proposed projects in terms of trial content, trial environments, trial
time-frames, related organizations and other factors, the results
were published in a report (5G Utilization Project Plan – English
Edition)[1] in September, 2017. The report mentions a wide range
of use cases in a total of 35 5G utilization projects, which are
categorized into six fields such as Entertainment, Automobilerelated, Crime prevention, and Disaster prevention. It lists trial
environments associated with each use case, such as stadiums,
shopping malls, theme parks, train stations, and airports; andgives specific locations with consideration for regional balance,
and a desire to build trial environments in all regions, and not justthe Tokyo area.

3. Execution stage for 5G Field Trials
The 5G-TPG later identified several projects desirable toexecute as the system integrated verification trials of 5G at the
beginning of FY2017, and began study with the goal of creatingconcrete execution plans and frameworks for each of the projects
by the end of 2016.

On the other hand, the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications (MIC) had been promoting research anddevelopment on 5G radio communication technologies torealize ultra-high speed, high capacity, low latency and massive
connectivity since FY2015. The basic framework for conducting
the 5G Field Trials also incorporated this 5G research anddevelopment, and so called, “Technical Examination Service”
work by the MIC, on systems that combined new applications andservices envisioned for 5G, to identify any issues in implementing
5G systems and to perform studies necessary for creating thetechnical standards.
The trial items and content of these 5G Field Trials by the MIC
also referred to the 5G-TPG report (5G Utilization Project Plan)mentioned earlier and conducted trials anticipating 5G utilizationin various fields, while including study of the radio propagation
characteristics of the new frequency bands for 5G and evaluationof system performance. After the MIC established the new trial
framework, the 5G-TPG has continued its activities since FY2017,actively supporting implementation of the 5G Field Trials.

■ Table: Domestic and international presentations and exhibits
Date

Title

SponsorType

FormatOct. 2016

5th Generation Mobile Communication Systems (5G) Workshop 2016 @CEATEC2016“5G System Trials for Realizing 5G Systems”

MIC, 5GMF

Domestic
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Subleader)Oct. 2016

5G Technology Workshop“5G Key Concept and System Trial in Japan”

TAICS

International
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Subleader)May 2017

The 3rd Global 5G Event in Tokyo, Japan
Session 3: “Overview of 5G System Trial
Concept & Plan in Japan”

5GMF

International
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Oct. 2017

5th Generation Mobile Communication Systems(5G) Workshop 2017 @CEATEC2017“Activity Status of 5G Trial Promotion Group in 5GMF”/“Overview of 5G
System Trials Project Execution”

MIC, 5GMF

Domestic
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader/
Test Groups)

Nov. 2017

The 4th Global 5G Event in Seoul, Korea“Recent Activities on 5G System Trials in 5GMF”

5G Forum

International
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)

IEICE
APMC Japan
Committee

Domestic
conference

Presentation/Exhibit(Test groups)

Nov. 201730

MWE2017 Microwave Workshop/Microwave Exhibition“5th Generation Mobile Communication Systems System Trials for Realizing 5G”

Mar. 2018

5G International Symposium 2018
Part 1: What can we do with 5G? — Results from the 5G System Trials —MIC, 5GMF, ARIB

Domestic
event

Presentation/Exhibit(Test Groups)

Mar. 20182018 General Conference BP-1
“System Trials for Realizing 5G and Future Expectations”

IEICE

Domestic
conference

Presentation(Test Groups)

May 2018

The 5th Global 5G Event in Austin, USA“5G System Trials in Japan -Activities of 5G Trial Promotion Group (5G-TPG)
in 5GMF-”

5G Americas

International
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Nov. 2018

APMC2018 Workshop“5G System Trials in Japan”

IEICE

International
meeting

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Nov. 2018

The 6th Global 5G Event in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Panel 7: “5G System Trials in Japan”

5G BrazilInternational
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Nov. 2018

MWE2018 Microwave Workshop/Microwave Exhibition“5th Generation Mobile Communication Systems System Trials for Realizing 5G
II”

IEICE
APMC Japan
Committee

Domestic
conference

Presentation/Exhibit(Test Groups)

Jan. 2019

5G International Symposium 2019
Part 2: 5G System Trial Results Presentation

MIC, 5GMF, ARIB

Domestic
event

Presentation/Exhibit(Test Groups)

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Date

Title

SponsorType

FormatMar. 20192019 General Conference BI-4“[5G Day] Part II, 5G System Trial Results and Development for the Future”

IEICE

Domestic
conference

Presentation(Test Groups)

June 2019

The 7th Global 5G Event in Valencia, Spain
Session 2: “5G System Trials in Japan”

5G-IA

International
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Aug. 20192019 Next-Generation Mobile Communication Technology and Application
Workshop “R&D Activities and Field Trials toward 5G Actualization in Japan”

FuTURE Forum

International
meeting

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Sept. 2019

IEEE VTC2019-Fall WS-TPoC5GE2019“Outcomes of Korea - Japan Joint
5G Collaboration -5G Field Trials in Japan-”IEEE VTSInternational
meeting

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Oct. 2019

5G International Seminar 2019 @CEATEC2019“5G System Trials in Japan”

MIC, 5GMF, ARIB

Domestic
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)Nov. 2019

MWE2019 Microwave Workshop/Microwave Exhibition“5th Generation Mobile Communication Systems System Trials for Realizing 5G
III”

IEICE
APMC Japan
Committee

Domestic
conference

Presentation/Exhibit(Test Groups)

Dec. 2019

Shimane Prefecture 5G Utilization Workshop“5G Overview and Use Cases – Overview of 5G System Trials–”

Shimane Prefecture

Domestic
event

Presentation(5GMF Office)Jan.-Feb. 2020

IoT/ICT Implementation Seminar

MIC Bureau of
Telecommunications
at 11 locations
throughout Japan

Domestic
event

Presentation(5GMF Office)Feb. 2020

5G International Symposium 2020
Part 1: 5G System Trial Results

MIC, 5GMF, ARIB

Domestic
event

Presentation/Exhibit(Test Groups)

Mar. 2020

2020 General Conference TK-5
“5G System Trial Results and Future Expectations”

IEICE

Domestic
conference

Presentation(Test Groups)

Jun. 2020

CSA Japan Summit 2020
“Trends in Testing New 5G Services in Japan —MIC 5G System Trial Results forStarting 5G Commercial Services—”

CSA Japan

Domestic
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)

July 2020

Yamaguchi Prefecture 5G Research Conference and Lectures“5G/Local 5G Utilization— 5G System Trial Results (3 years) —”Yamaguchi
Prefecture

Domestic
event

Lecture(5GMF Office)Oct. 2020

CEATEC 2020 ONLINE “5G Special Day II/ 5G Workshop”
Session 1 “5G System Trials Review”

ARIB, 5GMF, CIAJ

Domestic
event

Presentation(5G-TPG Leader)■ Figure 2: Global 5G Event

whether urban or rural, indoor or outdoor; and testing was doneusing the new frequency bands introduced for 5G (3.7/4.5/28
GHz), through collaboration among partners from a wide range
of industries, application fields and participants involved in themobile communications industry. Articles from each of the trial
groups are included in this special feature, introducing specificthemes tested in FY2019 and results from those trials.

4. Support for performing 5G Field Trials

The 5G Field Trials begun in FY2017 are introduced in
the MIC articles in this Special Feature, and were conducted
for three years until FY2019, with participation from people invarious utilization fields, to help create new markets throughimplementation of 5G. Each year, six trial groups conducted
trials throughout Japan specializing on their respective themes.
Technical objectives for ultra-high speed, high-capacity, lowlatency and massive connectivity were set for different areas;

The latest trial conditions being implemented by each trial
group (trial plans, results) are being reported quickly at domestic
and international conferences and other events as shown in the
Table. The 5G-TPG has been supporting each trial group with
their presentations and exhibits as well as coordinating andsummarizing each group’s results. The goal of these activities is
to inform people from a wide range of industries and businesses,
not limited to telecommunications, of the details of the trials
and to provide an opportunity to feedback their comments andopinions to the trial members, so this appeal is also being spreadwith articles in academic journals[2]. At the Global 5G Events(Figure 2), held twice yearly by 5G promotion organizations invarious countries and regions, the 5G-TPG introduces the latest

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31

■ Figure 3: 5
 G-TPG reports (booklets)trial results from each trial group, spreading the development
and testing of 5G use cases in Japan across various regions, andpromoting the use of 5G to find solutions to various societal issues
faced, not only by Japan, but by countries around the world.
The 5G-TPG also creates the 5G-TPG Report (Figure 3),
which can be considered its annual report, and distributes it as abooklet at the Global 5G Event. The first and second editionsof this report are also published on the 5GMF web site[3]. The“General Report on 5G System Trials in Japan from 2017 to2020,” can be considered the third edition and is currently inprogress. It includes results from trials conducted in FY2017 andFY2018 as well as the FY2019 Trials introduced in this special
feature, and will be published on the 5GMF web site before theend of 2020, after the booklet is completed and arrangements aremade.

5. Conclusion
Commercial 5G services were started by operators in Japan
towards the end of March, 2020, but several operators outsideof Japan announced that they had started the world’s firstcommercial 5G services about one year earlier. This has led tosuggestions that Japan is lagging the rest of the world in 5G, but
a new generation of mobile communication system has evolved
about every decade in the past. We expect that 5G will also spreadand use of services will continue to expand in the next decade, andwe are confident that the system integrated verification trials of
5G, discussed and implemented by the 5GMF and 5G-TPG overthe five years from 2015 until commercial services began, will be a
driving force behind this expansion.
Acknowledgements
We would like to take this opportunity to express deep
gratitude to those at MIC, the 5GMF general meeting andadvisory council and other committees for their guidance in

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5G-TPG activities, and to everyone at 5G-TPG, the 5G Field
Trial groups and the 5GMF office for their collaboration in these
efforts.
References[1] 5GMF, “5G System Integrated Verification Trial Report—5G Utilization Project Plan—Ver. 1.0
English Edition,” https://5gmf.jp/whitepaper/5g-tpg-report-1-0/, Sept. 2017.
[2] Y. Okumura, M. Minowa, S. Suyama, “5G System Trials by All Japan,” IEICE Journal, Vol.
101, No. 11, pp.1058-1065, Nov. 2018.
[3] 5GMF, “The First Report on 5G System Trials in Japan 2018 Rev.1,” “The Second Report on
5G System Trials in Japan 2019,” https://5gmf.jp/whitepaper/, Apr. 2018/June 2019.

Cover Art

Eight Views in the Environs of Edo
Clearing Weather at Shibaura
Utagawa Hiroshige (1797~1858)
Collection of the Art Research Center (ARC)
Ritsumeikan University
Object number: BN03828992-1-04

Overview of the 2020 Information and Communications
White Paper
Economic Research Office, ICT Strategy Policy Division,
Information and Communications Bureau,
Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications
1. Introduction
The first part of the 2020 Information and Communications
White Paper has adopted the special theme, “Digital
Transformation and New Lifestyles Promoted by 5G,” looking
at two issues: 5th generation mobile communication systems(5G), which began commercial services in Japan in 2020, andthe global spread of the new coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It
summarizes current conditions, how they have affected society,the economy, and the digital revolution in Japan, and the outlook
for Japanese society into the 2030s. The second part of the white
paper provides the latest data indicating the state of informationand communications in Japan and discusses policy trends, mainly
related to initiatives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs andCommunications (MIC). This article gives an overview of theFirst part of the white paper.

2. 5G: Infrastructure for the New Era (Reiwa
Era)(1) Evolution of mobile communication systems
Since the 1st Generation mobile communication system (1G)
was introduced in Japan in 1979, performance improved with eachsuccessive generation approximately every ten years, and it has
now grown to be essential infrastructure for everyday life and forcorporate economic activity. Now, commercial 5G services began
in Japan in 2020, and it is expected to have even more impact
on society than before, being implemented as infrastructure
for the IoT era in various fields and industries. This is because,in addition to enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), which

increases the speed and capacity of earlier mobile communication
systems, it can also fulfill requirements for Ultra-Reliable Low
Latency Communications (URLLC) and massive Machine Type
Communication (mMTC). These are expected to be used as
infrastructure, creating new value by improving efficiency andconvenience in industry and society.
With the appearance of 5G, mobile communications systems
are evolving further, from lifestyle infrastructure to industrial andsocietal infrastructure, and we expect it to contribute to economic
growth and finding solutions to societal issues in Japan.
(2) 5G Trends in various countries
5G commercial services were started earlier in the USA,
Europe, China, and South Korea than in Japan. After threecarriers in South Korea simultaneously initiated mobile 5G
services for smartphones on April 3, 2019, Verizon started amobile 5G service in the USA. China started their service inNovember, 2019, approximately one year earlier than originallyplanned, and 11 countries in Europe had started commercial 5G
services as of March, 2020.
On April 10, 2019 in Japan, the MIC approved plans by NTT
DOCOMO, KDDI/Okinawa Cellular, SoftBank, and Rakuten
Mobile, to deploy specified base stations, and commercial services
started in March, 2020.
As described in detail in Section 4 of Chapter 2 of the white
paper, Japan has created a “Local 5G” system, separate from thenation-wide services provided by mobile phone operators. The
system provides flexibility for various entities to build mobile■ Figure 1: Life before COVID-19 and with COVID-19

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33

communication systems that can be used to meet the needs ofindividual regions or industries, and currently various development
demonstration tests are in progress. Similar systems are also being
implemented in Germany and the UK.
(3) Structural changes in the telecommunications market
As commercial 5G services have started and with the spread of
IoT and AI technologies, the number of IoT devices in the worldis expected to increase dramatically, particularly in industrial
applications and consumer information appliances. On theother hand, according to the GSM Association (GSMA), an
industry association of mobile phone operators from various
countries, 5G lines will make up only 20% of all mobile lines by
the year 2025. Although the ratio will exceed 30%, particularly
in North America, Greater China, and Europe, it is expected
to remain in the single digits or teens in other regions. This isbecause the higher frequency bands used by 5G require morebase stations than 4G, to cover an equivalent area. Although thetelecommunications operators in Japan share their networks, itwill take time to expand the 5G area, so building up the market is
expected to proceed at a relatively leisurely pace.
In the past ten years, companies in South Korea andChina have greatly expanded their shares of the global mobile
phone devices market, and there have been great changes inthe structure of the ICT industry ecosystem in Japan, as the
GAFA companies and other platform providers have joined theconventional telecommunications operators. These changes in the
structure of ICT industries may continue in the future, with theimplementation of 5G in various industries and fields.

3. Digitalization of all of society prompted by
5G(1) I CT as a means to solve issues and initiatives anticipating
the 2020s
Japan is known as one of the leading nations on issues, andalso leads in population decrease and aging, so for some time,
there has been a need to actively introduce and use ICT to
improve quality of life and employment, and to increase work
productivity. Regional governments have had various initiatives
using ICT to find solutions to societal issues, and the white paper
introduces several cases including a “workation” initiative in
Nagano Prefecture, an e-sports initiative in Arima Onsen, andan initiative to introduce a residents’ collaboration application in
Chiba City.
Among digitalization initiatives being conducted with an eye
to completion in 2020, new technologies are being introduced
such as cashless transactions, multilingual translation, and facialrecognition, and there are measures to reform work styles withtelework, and to reduce and prevent disaster.
As for cashless transactions, Japan has not made progressbecause of the convenience and reliability of cash, but prompted bycashless point-return programs and measures against COVID-19,
settlement using QR codes or barcodes has become morecommon, particularly on smartphones. With this development,
JPQR, which is a standard integrating both QR codes andbarcodes, is also being introduced. High quality translation is
also becoming possible with improvements in AI deep-learningtechnology, so multilingual translation is also becoming practical.

■ Figure 2: Ecosystem transitions in Japan’s mobile industry

34

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■ Figure 3: M ultilingual translation used by local fire department(2) Migration of industry to wireless, driven by 5G
In the future, 5G will be implemented as infrastructure forindustry and society in Japan in various industries and fields. It is
expected to improve business efficiency and creating new added
value by contributing to solving issues in these industries andfields.
According to a survey conducted by the MIC in 2020, before
commercial 5G services commenced, corporate interest in 5G
is high in all fields, particularly in manufacturing, and large
enterprises have more interest than medium and small enterprise.
Individual users are looking forward to higher communication

speeds, but there is concern that fees will
increase, so it will be important to eliminate
these concerns and to provide enticing services
and applications, in order to spread 5G toordinary users in the future.

(3) Effects on society of the spread of
COVID-19
The global spread of COVID-19 has hadhuge effects on the flow of information andthe digital economy in Japan, and is requiringtransition to new ways of life in all kinds ofscenarios. In such conditions, initiatives suchas actively distributing accurate information toprevent the spread of infection, and introducing
ICT to ensure social distancing, including
data analysis and utilization, are increasingly
important.
In the short term, various initiatives are
expanding, such as visualization of humancontact risk through collaboration among
administration, civic tech and private
enterprise; telework in enterprise; introductionof remote lectures in schools; and relaxation of requirements onremote medicine for special cases and limited times. However,various other issues are also materializing due to the sudden
increase in ICT use. Many issues are not new, such as increasing
traffic, insufficient measures against security risk, the need toreview business details such as moving to paperless workflows anddigital contracts; and finding balance between public health andutilization of personal data, but this “COVID-19 Era” requires
introduction of irreversible new ways of life at all levels: personal,
industrial, and societal; and these issues must absolutely be dealt
with.

■ Figure 4: Enterprise interest in 5G

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35

4. Data flow in the 5G era and security(1) Current state and issues with utilization of digital data
The spread of IoT devices and the increase in the amount ofvideo and other content, mainly because of the proliferation ofsmartphones has increased the flow of data in recent years, andthis is expected to accelerate and become more important as 5G
spreads, particularly with applications in industry.
Currently in Japan, the proportion of all data used byenterprise for analysis that is obtained from IoT devices is growing
quickly, at four to seven times that of 2015 levels, but this is still
low compared with use of digital data by enterprises in the USA
and Germany.
The amount of data crossing national borders is also increasing
because it is becoming normal for enterprises to act globally,■ Figure 5: E nterprise utilization of digital data

and to provide services in other countries through the Internet.
According to the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO),
a total of 1,608 Gigabits crossed the Japanese border every secondin 2001, and this had increased by 165 times, to 265,000 Gigabits
in 2016.
With this increase in cross-border data, the flow of personal
data has also increased, and according to a survey conducted by
the MIC in 2020, approximately 20% of enterprises in Japantransfer personal data across borders. This figure is approximately
40% in the USA, and up to 50% in Germany. The white paper
introduces several concrete examples of how data is being utilized
by enterprises in Japan.
(2) Use of personal data in the future
As is shown by the growth of digital platform providers,
this growth in digital data is a promising new source of value.
However, concern among consumers in Japan regarding use of
personal data has increased, and enterprises have not exploited it
to the extent they have in some other countries. More recently,
compared with the results of a survey conducted in 2017, thistrend has decreased slightly, possibly due to authorization of socalled personal data trust banks and the appearance of Personal
Data Store (PDS) services. For example, regarding their intension
to use services such as a personal data trust bank, the proportionof consumers responding that they would like to use one has
increased compared to 2017, and this is similar to other countries.
However, concern regarding information leaks remains
high relative to other countries, and the use of anonymized■ Figure 6: Consumer intention to utilize personal data trust banks or personal data stores

36

New Breeze Winter 2021

data is expected to expand utilization of personal data in Japan.
Anonymized data is data that has been processed so that specificindividuals cannot be identified and the original data cannot berecovered, providing a safe and secure way to use personal data.
(3) Cyber security in the 5G era
With increasing activity utilizing data, society as a wholeis becoming much more digitized, and it is becoming more
important to deal with cyber-security risk. “Ten Information
Security Threats in 2020,” from the Information-Technology
Promotion Agency (IPA) stated that the number-one threat toindividuals is smartphone settlement fraud, suggesting that cyberattacks on smartphones are also increasing.
With the introduction of 5G services, installation andoperation of IoT devices for industrial applications will
also increase, and the potential for industrial equipment andinfrastructure that was previously isolated from the Internet tobe connected will increase. It has been pointed out that security
measures for these sorts of cases will be much more important in
the future. Security risks related to use of IoT devices have often
been overlooked, but it will be even more important to foster
awareness of security issues with IoT users in the future.

5. Beyond 5G
The fourth chapter discusses the prospects for society in Japanin the 2030s, in light of innovations such as 5G, IoT and AI, andintroduces domestic and international trends surrounding “Beyond
5G,” which will be needed to realize such a society.
With the implementation of 5G in society, exchange of data
between physical space and cyber space will take place faster, at
higher-volume, and with less delay. This will lead to realizationof cyber-physical systems (CPS) that further integrate these two
spaces in the 2030s, and will help realize a vigorous and resilient
society where cyber space can enable economic activity and thelives of citizens to continue smoothly, even when new contagions
or disasters occur in physical space.
To realize the extremely high level of synchronization required
for such CPSs in the 2030s, communications infrastructure thatis faster than 5G and able to deliver large amounts of data, safely,
reliably and without delay to anywhere, will be needed.
Initiatives for the successor of 5G, or “Beyond 5G,” arealready in progress in advanced countries. Japan also created a“Beyond 5G Promotion Strategy” in June, 2020, as a strategic
initiative to bring people and government together based oninternational collaboration. To ensure Japan’s competitiveness inthe future, we will take our strengths and focus on reinforcing
our R&D capabilities on technologies with which we are alreadyactively engaged, such as tera-hertz waves, all-photonic networks,
quantum cryptography, sensing, and low-power consumption
semiconductors.

■ Figure 7: B eyond 5G Promotion Strategy — Basic Principles —New Breeze Winter 2021

37

6 October 2020 at KEIO PLAZA HOTEL

Plaza Hotel, Tok
Ceremony at Keioyo

The ITU Association of Japan

Award Winner and Honorable Guests

The List of the Award Winners on 6 October 2020
MIC Minister’s Award

Mr. Yushi NAITO (Mitsubishi Electric (Retired))
ITU-AJ Award
ITU-AJ Special Achievement Award
Ms. Kazuko ITO (STAND)ITU-AJ Accomplishment Awards

Anniversary Keynote Presentation:
Mr. TANIWAKI
Vice-Minister for Policy Coordination, MIC

ITU-AJ Encouragement Awards
Mr. Hiroshi ISHIKAWA (NTT DOCOMO)
Mr. Wataru ISHIDA (NTT EAST)
Mr. Noriyuki INOUE (KDDI)Mr. Suguru OKUYAMA (NTT DOCOMO)
Dr. Hirokazu KAMODA (NHK)Mr. Hiroyuki SAITO (OKI)
Mr. Morihiro SAKAKIBARA (KDDI Foundation)
Dr. Yicheng ZHOU (Fujitsu)
Mr. Takeshi SHIRAHASE (TV Asahi)
Mr. Kazuhisa TAKAYAMA (Fujitsu)
Mr. Hiroshi DEMPO (NEC)Dr. Yoshiharu DOI (TOYOTA)
Mr. Teruaki TOEDA (NTT DOCOMO)
Dr. Yoshihide TONOMURA (NTT COMWARE)
Dr. Yoshihiro NAKAJIMA (NTT DOCOMO)
Dr. Yusei NISHIMOTO (NHK)Mr. Kenichi YAMAMOTO (KDDI)
Dr. Rudi LUMANTO (ID-SIRTII/BSSN)QKDN Standardization Team (NICT/NEC/Toshiba)

六、六〇〇円 （本体価格 六、〇〇〇円、消費税 六〇〇円）

Dr. Shuichi AOKI (NHK)Mr. Hiroshi AONO (NTT DOCOMO)
Dr. Masugi INOUE (NICT)
Mr. Hirosuke USUI (TBS)Mr. Yuki UMEZAWA (KDDI Foundation)
Dr. Hiroyo OGAWA (NICT)Dr. Toshiaki KURI (NICT)
Mr. Hiroshi KOMATSU (SoftBank)
Mr. Seiji SAKUMA (ARIB)
Mr. Norifumi TANAKA (TRANSEA)
Mr. Toshiyuki TAMURA (NEC)Mr. Hideki TSUCHIDA (JTEC)
Mr. Kazuo NAKAMURA (KDDI/ARIB)
Mr. Mitsuo NOHARA (KDDI)Mr. Hiroshi HAMANO (TTC)
Mr. Tatsumi MUNESATO (JTEC)
Ms. Keiko MORI (Washington CORE)
Mr. Junya YAMAGUCHI (JAPAN RECOM)The Project for Expansion of Broadcasting Equipment of
Myanma Radio and Television (NEC)
Wireless Access Systems Project, NTT Access Network
Service Systems Laboratories (NTT)

Honorable Guest : Mr. ONO
Director-General for Global Issues, MOFA

一、六五〇円 （本体価格 一、五〇〇円、消費税 一五〇円） 年間購読料

ner Mr. NAITO

一冊

Honorable Guest :Mr. SHINTANI State Minister, MIC

定価

ITU-AJ Special Achievement
Award Winner Ms. ITO
MIC Minister’s Award Win

通巻百二十九号

52nd Celebration of World Telecommunication andInformation Society Day