Disclaimer
This report was compiled by an ADRC visiting researcher (VR) from ADRC
member countries.
The views expressed in the report do not necessarily reflect the views ofthe ADRC. The boundaries and names shown and the designations usedon the maps in the report also do not imply official endorsement or
acceptance by the ADRC.

By :SURINA BINTI OTHMAN
MALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (MMD)MINISTRY OF SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION

General Information
 Natural Hazards Affecting Malaysia
 Disaster Management System of Malaysia
 Role of Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD)

Role of National Security Council (NSC) As Leading Agency

Disaster Management Strategy, Policy and Plan Budget Size on National Level
 Progress of the Implementation of Hyogo
Framework for Action (HFA) byYear 2011
 RecentMajor Projects on Disaster RiskReduction
 ADRC Counterpart

Geography•

TTotall landl d area : 329,
329 847 sq km
k / 127,
127 355 sq miles.
il(source by : 2010)•Located between 2N and 7N of equator in Southeast Asia.

••

Two (2) geographically distinct areas; West (Peninsular) and East(Borneo) Malaysia, with South China Sea in between. 11 of its 13yborderingg Thailand & Singapore.
g pstates are in Peninsular Malaysia,
Whereas Sabah & Sarawak, as well as the federal territory of Labuan,
form East Malaysia on the north of Borneo, bordering Indonesia &Brunei Darussalam.
4/5 of Peninsular Malaysia is covered by tropical rainforest & swamp.
Sabah is split in two (2) by the Crocker Mountains, rising to over
4,100 m (13,450 ft) at Mount Kinabalu, the highest point in Malaysia.
The rainforests cover the greater part of Sarawak & many of therivers are navigable, with the famous - Rajang River (563km) as thelongest river in Malaysia.

Demographics•

Total Population: 28.25 million (source by: 2010)•Population Growth Rate: Dropped to 2.17
2 17 % for 2000 – 2010 period(Ref.: 2010 Population & Housing Census Report by Department of Statistics Malaysia)••

Multiethnic and Multicultural Population : Malay – 61 %, Chinese – 30 %, Indians –8 %,% Others – 1 %.
%Religions: Islam (60.4%), Buddhism (19.2%), Christianity (9.1%), Hinduism(6.3%), other/none (5.0%)•Languages : Bahasa Malaysia (Malay language) / national language. 2nd language
is English. Other languages include Chinese, Tamil and Iban.

•“1 Malaysia “ – “People First, Performance Now” concept introduced by our Prime
Minister, Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak

 Climate of Malaysia•

tropical climate, uniform temperature (maximum = 33C, minimum = 23C)•high humidity; mean monthly relative humidity = 70 – 90%
average annual rainfall is 2400 mm for Peninsular Malaysia, 3,800 mm for Sarawakand 2,600 mm for Sabah•

Situated in equatorial doldrums area, it is extremely rare to have a full day withcompletely clear sky even during periods of severe drought.

•On the hand
hand, it is also rare to have a stretch of a few days with completely nosunshine except during the Northeast Monsoon seasons.

•Divided by; (2) monsoon seasons which are Southwest/Summer Monsoon (May –S ), Northeast/WinterSep)
N h/WiMMonsoon (Nov(N – Mar)M ) andd two (2) shorter
hperiods
i d off IIntermonsoon seasons (Apr & Oct).

•Monsoons in Malaysia





Mayy – SeptemberpWinds are southwesterly and light(< 15 knots)
Stable atmospheric condition inthe Equatorial region
Drier season except for State ofSabah
Sabah is wetter due to the taileffect of typhoons

2 Inter - monsoonApril and OctoberWinds are generally light and variable
Besides, the equatorial trough lies
over Malaysia.

November – March

Steady easterly wind and northeasterlywind (10‐20 knots)

Cold surges from Siberia (> 30 knots)

Northeast monsoon season is the major
period of heavy rain activity over theeast coast states of Peninsular Malaysia
and west SarawakMonsoon weather systems whichdevelop in conjunction with cold airoutbreaks from Siberia produce rainsthat last for days
y and often cause severe
floods over east coast peninsular andSarawak


•
•
•••
•

Weather related Hazards
Monsoonal Floods / Flash Floods
Strong Wind and Rough Sea
Thunderstorms / Lightings
Tropical Storms / Typhoons
Forest Fires / Haze
Agricultural DroughtsGeophysical Hazards•

Earthquakes•

Local / Regional Tsunamis•

L d lid
Landslides•

Volcanic Eruptions

ROLE OF MALAYSIAN METEOROLOGICAL DEPARTMENT (MMD)RISK KNOWLEDGE

MONITORING &WARNING SYSTEMCOMMUNICATION &DISSEMINATIONRESPONSE CAPACITYADVISORYWARNINGTV & Radio

EARTHQUAKETSUNAMISMS‘TSUNAMIEARLYWARNINGCENTRE’inVOLCANIC ERUPTIONS

MMD

Siren &Fixed line
Disaster Alert
SystemFax &pTelephone

NATIONAL SECURITY
COUNCIL (NSC)

MMD Web

STATE SECRETARYOFFICE/LOCAL AUTHORITIES

Facebook & Twitter

DISASTER MANAGEMENTCONTROL CENTERS: MalaysianControl Center (MCC), Police
RESCUE AGENCIES:
Civil Defence Dept, SMART, Fire &Rescue Dept, Red Crescent,
Civil Defence Dept.

Mass Media

Kedah, Nov2011Jejawi, 28 Okt 2010

Baling, 4 Apr 2010

Jitra, 2 Nov 2010

Segamat, Ogos 2010

Kuala Lumpur, May2010

Jasin,, Ogos 2010
Jasin

Flood, Kidurong, Bintulu,
Jan 2010

Flood, Lahad Datu, 28 Jan
2011
Flashflood, Mukim Dalit,
Pensiangan, Jan 2011

Flood, Long Lama, MiriNov 2010

Strong winds, Kanowit,
Nov 2010

Flashflood, Kota Kinabalu
Mac 2011

e.g.
The abnormal
severe floods
overPeninsular
Malaysia
during wintermonsoon of
2008/2007 and2007/2006

Flood: Beaufort – 13 Mar 09

Flash Flood: Tenom – 13 Mar 09

Flood: Kota Marudu – 13 Jan 09

Flood: Kuching – 11 Jan 09

Flash Flood: Lahad Datu – 4 Feb 09

Landslides: Miri – 30 Jan 09

Strong Waves: Kuching – 11 – 14 Jan
2009

Methodist Girls’ School, Sec. 5, PJ

University Road, PJ

Kewajipan Road, Subang Jaya

Kudat, 2006

Tanjung Bungah,Penang,y 2007
JulyMiri, April 2010

Pulau Tioman,June 2009

Pulau Pinang, 2010

Jejawi, Perlis,
October 2010

Malacca, November
2010

Bkt. Kriang, Kedah,Mac 2011To offer secretarial services to all disaster management committees according tolevel of disaster that occurredoccurred..

To advise the Disaster Management and Relief Committee when needed to promote
the management and control of the disaster.

To ensure that the experience and implementation of policy and mechanism indisaster management is carried out smoothly
smoothly..

To monitor the implementation of disaster preventive steps and controls taken by therelevant agencies.

To ensure post
post--mortem is carried out after occurrence of disasterdisaster..

To coordinate disaster management and search and rescue training which is carriedout from time to time.

To mobilize SMART for search and rescue operation when necessary
necessary..

To plan, coordinate and control the implementation of training and preventive education
strategy for officers and staffs from government departments, public and nongovernment bodies in overcoming the disaster.
disaster Main guideline for DM in Malaysia.
 Mechanism on the management of disasters including

the responsibilities and functions of related agencies
under an integrated emergency management system.
 Supportedppbyy other S.O.P which outline the mechanism aswell as roles & responsibility of various agencies for specificdisasters, i.e. flood; open burning, forest fire, haze,industrial disasters and etc.

established on May 11, 1997










Government Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)- SOP in Handling Flood Disaster (Volume I)- SOP in Handling Industrial Disaster (Volume II)- SOP in Handling Forest Fire/Open Burning and Haze (Volume III)- SOP in Handling Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Disasters- SOP in Handling Earthquake Disaster- SOP in Handling Tsunami Disaster- SOP in Handling Drought Disaster
Police Act 1967
Fire Services Act 1988
Civil Defense Act 1951
SOP on Pandemic/ Endemic Preparedness Plans - MOHM lMalaysiani M
MaritimeitiE
Enforcement
ftA
Agency AActt 2004
Land Conservation Act 1960
Environment Quality Act 1974
Local Government Act 1976
Street, Drainage and Building 1974
Occupational Safety and Health Act 1994
Uniform Building By-Laws 1984
P bli Od M
PublicOrder
Manuall (POMAN)
National Contingency Plan for Oil Spill Combat

Structure of Disaster Management

FEDERAL( LEVEL III)
(PRIME MINISTER/MINISTRY))STATE(LEVEL II)(STATE SECRETARY)
DISTRICT(LEVEL I)(DISTRICT OFFICER)
1. The District Disaster Management and Relief Committee(Level I Disaster)
2. The State Disaster Management and Relief Committee(Level II Disaster)
3. The National Disaster Management and Relief Committee(Level III Disaster)

Secretariat :NSC

ASEANASEAN-UN Strategic Plan on Disaster Management

- The 3rd ASEAN
ASEAN-UNUN Summit in October 2010 in Viet Nam adopted the Joint Declaration
on ASEAN-UN Collaboration in DM. The ACDM and relevant UN bodies is expected tojointly prepare the ASEAN-UN Strategic Plan of Cooperation on DM (2011-2015).

ASEAN RegionalgDisaster Emergency
gy Response
pSimulation Exercise (ARDEX)()

- First simulation exercise (ARDEX-05) was conducted in Selangor, Malaysia in
September 2005The 3rd Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (AMCDRR)- was successfully organized, on 2 - 4 December 2008 in Kuala Lumpur in collaboration

with UNISDR and other partners. The main outcome of the Conference, the Kuala Lumpur
Declaration highlighted the importance of Multi-Stakeholder Partnership for DRR withspecial emphasis on Public-Private-Partnership for DRR & Community-Based Disaster
Risk Reduction Actions. The Conference was attended by Ministers and Government
Officials from 43 countries as well as representatives from relevant international andregionall organizations.

The 4th Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (4th AMCDRR)

- on 25 – 28 October 2010 in Incheon, Republic of Korea with the main theme “ClimateCh
Ad t ti throughthh DRR”.
DRR”
ChangeAdaptation

No specific allocation of budget for DRR in NationalBudget.
d9th Malaysia
M li PlPlan (2006 -2010)2010) : USD 2 billion
billi(RM6 billion)  flood mitigation, multi-hazards
monitoring & early warning systems
systems, etc
etc.
10th Malaysia Plan (2011 – 2015) : relevant effort~ USD 1.7 billion (RM 5 billion)  flood mitigation,
forecastingg & warningg facilities,, flood hazard map
p& development of disaster preparedness &community awareness program.

FloodFld Miti
MitigationtiPProjectsj t- dual purpose Storm Water Management & Road Tunnel (SMART) projects.
- Under 9th Malaysia Plan (2006 – 2010)  RM5.81 billion
 Speciall Relief
l f Guarantee Facilityl (SRGF)()- Government through the Central Bank of Malaysia has allocated RM500
million (USD140 million) as micro credits distributed  local commercialbanks – recovering business & rebuilding damaged infrastructure in areas
affected by disasters. This facility is an example of ‘Public – Private – Partnership’Amanah Ikhtiar Malaysia (The Endeavor Trust of Malaysia)- established on 1987, provided services include micro-financing, compulsory savings& welfare funds for the poor & marginalized. Has enhanced the resilience ofcommunities previously vulnerable to disasters - *Trust Fund >180,000 families.
 National Disaster Relief Fund
- Provided financial assistance to disaster victims – Corporate sector & community
contribution an averageg of RM20 million (USD5.7 million) annuallyy to the fund.
 Business Continuity Management (BCM) System- Government – linked companies, such as TELEKOM MALAYSIA, PETRONASMALAYSIA,, GAS MALAYSIA & other multinational companies.
p- consisting of crisis management, business continuity & disaster recovery plan








Malaysia had submitted its national progress report on theimplementation of the HFA on May 05,05 2011.
2011
Adopted the ‘National Platform for DM’ during recent Disaster
Awareness Day 2011 and it has been recognized in the Melaka
Declaration on Disaster Risk Reduction held in Malaysia on February
2011. Malaysia is in the process of establishing the platform.
Benefits
Bfi on Establishment
E bli hoff ‘National‘N il Platform’,
Pl f’ includes:i l d- advocating DRR at different levels- increasing levels of knowledge and skills related to DRR- acting as a catalyst for national consultants and consensus
building- coordinating analyzing,analyzing and advising on areas that requires
concerted action among others- facilitate the effort of mainstreaming DRR into policies,
planning and development programs at various levels.

‘NationalNational Policy on Climate Change
Change’,, approved in 2009.
Integration between DRR & Climate Change Adaptation ~significant progress
Currently, exploring the formulation of ‘National Legislation
for Disaster Management’.
The Government of Malaysia is indeed committed to DRR andwill continue its efforts towards implementing the priority
areas of the HFA both at national and international levels andacknowledge the ongoing effort by UNISDR to promote andlt thlt ti
accelerate
the iimplementation
off ththe HFAHFA.

Establishment of the AHA Centre- The 17th ACDM Meeting held from 3-25 February 2011 concluded, the final
d ft off thedraftth ASEAN Agreement
At on theth Establishment
E t bli ht off theth AHA Centre
C t tot beb
endorsed by respective Government of the ASEAN Member States.
- It was also agreed that Member States could provide additional voluntaryfifinancial
i l contribution,
ib i
such
h as throughhh theh ASEAN DM & Emergency
ER li fRelief(ADMER) Fund or by providing other forms of contribution such as throughsecondment of experts to the AHA Centre. This is to compensate for thedeficit in operational budge with the accumulated annual
contribution of USD300,000.
- Malaysia is of the view that the AHA Centre, which was established in theASEAN Agreement on DM and Emergency Response (AADMER), should have alegal personality, recognized and allowed to conduct its operation in all
ASEAN Member States and not only in the host country:



Malaysia actively participates in regional platforms including
the Asian Disaster Reduction Centre ((ADRC);); Asian Disaster
Preparedness Center (ADPC) as well as Typhoon Committee(TC).
As the focal point for DM, the National Security Council (NSC)
also works closely with international organizations such asUnitedd Nations Officeffffortheh Coordination
doff Humanitarian
Affairs (UNOCHA) and its subsidiary bodies, the United Nations
Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC), International
Search and Rescue Advisory Group (INSARAG) and the Asia
Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Task Force on Emergency
Preparedness.

“…Success & effectiveness of crisis & DM
efforts are depends on the cooperation,
cooperation
understanding & ability of all agencies/
departments to carry out responsibilities
outlined…”…NSC
NSC of Malaysia