２）岩手県指定文化財吉田家文書の修復
岩手県立博物館で安定化処理が施された吉田家文書には、料紙の腐朽が進み、複数丁が固着しているところや、料紙が砕けて抜け落ち、穴があいてしまったところが多数観察されました。汚れに加え真菌や細菌の繁殖に起因するピンク、青、紫色の色素が斑点状に沈着している部分も数多く見受けられ、腐臭も少し残っていました。国立国会図書館では、文書を長期に渡り安定的に保存可能な状態にすること、さらに、学術資料として閲覧、展示等の利用が可能な状態にすることを目的として、修理を行いました。真菌や細菌の色素については、紙の脆弱化を招く恐れがあることから今回の修理ではその除去を見合わせました。以下に修理手順を説明します。
解体
まず綴じ糸を外し、洗浄をはじめとする一連の処理に耐えられるかどうか、すべての丁の状態を確認し、処置内容を検討しました。腐朽が進み脆弱化した料紙をそのままの状態で処理を進めた場合、一層破損が進行する恐れがあります。そのような料紙については、あらかじめレーヨン紙とメチルセルロースで表から仮止めを行いました。吉田家文書については過去に修理が行われていて、その折ほとんどの料紙に裏打ちが施されましたが、今回の修理では裏打ち紙はすべて除去しました。劣化した紙
どうしが付着してしまった部位については、必要に応じ

2) Restoration of the Yoshida Family Documents, aDesignated Cultural Property of Iwate Prefecture

Among the Yoshida Family Documents which had beenstabilized at the IPMM, many of them had multiple pages that
had stuck together as a result of advanced deterioration, andholes created by decaying and pages that had fallen out. In
addition to soiled spots, partial deposition of pink, blue andpurple pigments in dotted patterns caused by fungi and bacteria
growth was observed in many of the documents, and a slight
putrid odor was still present. At the National Diet Library,
our goals set for the conservation of these documents wereto improve the conditions of the documents to enable longterm, stable preservation, and furthermore to enable browsing,exhibiting and other academic use. Removal of fungal andbacterial pigments was not performed in our project since it
was likely that such treatment would further weaken the pages.
Below is a detailed description of the procedure.
DisassemblingFirst, the binding thread was removed and the conditionsof all the pages were checked to see if the documents could
withstand a series of treatments including washing. Then thetreatment details were evaluated. Pages that had weakened
because of advanced deterioration could have been damaged
further if they were treated directly. Such pages were
temporarily reinforced from the front side using rayon paper
and methylcellulose prior to the restoration treatment. The
documents had been repaired in the past, and most of the pages
had been lined at that time. In our project, all such lining paper
from past treatments was removed. Parts where deteriorated
pages had stuck together were slowly and gradually separated
while dampening them with steam whenever necessary.

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蒸気で加湿しながら、ゆっくりと時間をかけてはがしました。
洗浄作業
洗浄作業では、水洗いを２回行いました。１丁ずつ広げて不織布にはさみ、10丁を一組にします。それらをザルで挟んで固定し、最初はぬるま湯、次に水につけおき洗浄しました。すでに岩手県立博物館で実施された安定化処理で数回の洗浄が行われましたが、今回は綴じ紐を外し、広げて洗いましたので、丁の内側の汚れ、綴じ紐部分に残っていた汚れや砂も落とすことができました。
乾燥作業
洗浄後、再び１丁ずつ広げてしわをのばし、ろ紙に挟んで乾燥させました。過去に施された繕い補修は可能な限りそのままにしましたが、補修に使用した和紙がずれていたり傷んでいたりしたものや、大きすぎるものは取り除き、再度、和紙とでんぷん糊を用いて補修し直しました。
漉きばめ機による補修
大きく破損した部位や、カビの発生で著しく腐朽し穴があいた箇所は、漉きばめ機で補修しました。
漉きばめ機は、和紙の繊維を分散させた水を欠損部に流し込むことで、欠損部を埋めることができる機械です。
裏打ちと比較すると、糊を使用しないためしなやかで、修理後に厚みが増えないことが特徴です。台の下から吸Washing
The documents were washed twice by water in the washingprocess. Each page was unfolded, sandwiched between
nonwoven fabrics, and then ten pages were grouped together
in a set. Those sets were fixed by sandwiching them withstrainers, and washed by soaking them in lukewarm water first
and then in cold water. While washing had been performed afew times in the stabilization treatment performed at the IPMM,
the unclean parts at the inner side of the folded pages as well as
dirt and sand that had remained around the sewing thread weresuccessfully removed by this washing process, as we pulled out
the thread and cleaned the pages in an unfolded state.
DryingAfter washing, we took out each page again and smoothed
out the wrinkled parts. Then each page was sandwiched
between filter papers and dried. While the treatments performedin the past were left as they were to the extent possible, theJapanese paper fragments used in the previous mending whichwere misaligned, damaged, or too large were removed, andthose parts were re-repaired using Japanese paper and starch
paste.
Repair using leaf casting machine
A leaf casting machine was used to repair large damaged
areas and missing areas caused by marked deterioration due tomold growth.
The leaf casting machine was used to fill in the missing areas
by pouring water containing dispersed Japanese paper fiber into
the gaps. Compared to the lining, areas treated by this method
were smoother since paste was not used and the thickness was
not increased. There are two types of leaf casting machines:
the suction type which draws the liquid using a suction device

第4章

図1 洗浄前の準備
Fig. 1 Pre-washing preparation

図3 しわや折れをのばす
Fig. 3 Flattening out of wrinkled and folded areas

図5 漉きばめ機
Fig. 5 Leaf casting machine

安定化処理と修理

図2 洗浄作業
Fig. 2 Washing

図4 つくろいFig. 4 Mending

図6 漉きばめ機を使った作業
Fig. 6 Repair process using a leaf casting machine91

引装置を利用して吸引する吸引式と、入れ子状の大小の水槽の水頭差圧を利用して吸引力を生じさせる水頭圧式の２つのタイプがあります。繊維を分散させた水を流し込んだ後吸引することで、修復する丁の穴があいている部分のみに繊維が入り、その部分を埋めることができます。今回の作業では２種類の機器を使用しましたが、大部分は吸引式で作業を行いました。使用した吸引式漉き
ばめ機は、和紙を漉く動作に近い形で台をゆすり、補修する箇所に繊維の流れをつけることができるタイプの機器です。台は5㎝くらいの厚さで中は空洞、上部はメッシュ状になっていて、底の部分が吸引装置と接続されています。
流し込む繊維は主に、楮と楮の和紙を細かくしたものを使用しました。文書の時代によって使われている紙の厚さや状態はかなり違います。補修する文書に応じ繊維の配合を少しずつ変えて、なるべく本文紙と違和感が出ないよう色合いや風合いを調整しました。
作業効率を上げるため、漉きばめの作業は二人一組で行いました。一人が洗浄した文書のしわやめくれをのばし、もう一人は漉く作業を行って、流れ作業で進めていきました。
紙が砕けた部分は、岩手県立博物館からお借りした被災前の文書の画像を基に、可能な限り元の形に近づけるよう破片を並べて漉きばめを行いました。劣化が進み脆弱化した部分は、漉きばめ機を使用し、紙の裏から和紙の繊維を薄く乗せて補強しました。補強することで劣化のひどい部分の取扱いが容易になり、紙どうしが付着することもなくなりました。

placed below the table, and the hydraulic head pressure typewhich uses the suction generated by the differential pressureof the hydraulic heads of two nesting, large and small tanks.
Since the water containing dispersed fiber is first poured inand then drawn into the missing area, the fiber enters only into
the gap, and the missing area is filled without interfering withother parts of the page. Though we used both types of leaf
casting machines, we mostly used the suction type machinefor our project. With the suction type leaf casting machine that
we employed, the table was rocked in a similar manner to themotions used for spreading the pulpy material when making
Japanese paper, and by this, a flow of fiber toward the target
area can be created. The table is about 5 cm thick. Its innerpart is hollow, the top is made from mesh and the bottom isconnected to a suction device.
Fine pieces of kozo (mulberry) fiber and Japanese paper
made of kozo were mostly used as filling materials. The
thickness and conditions of the paper used in old manuscripts
considerably differ depending on the age in which the document
was created. The fiber blend was altered slightly according toeach document in order to adjust the colors and the textures tomatch those of the original pages.
The leaf casting process was performed by a team of two
staff members to improve work efficiency. The two members
worked in a flow to perform this process; one smoothed out
wrinkled and curled parts of washed documents, while the otherperformed leaf casting.
Confirming the pre-disaster document images borrowed fromthe IPMM, the crumbled paper fragments were laid out in their
original position to the extent possible, and then leaf casting
was performed. The degraded, fragile parts were reinforced byplacing a thin layer of Japanese paper fiber on the back of thepaper using a leaf casting machine. This reinforcement treatment
enabled easier handling of severely degraded parts and prevented
pages from adhering to each other.

綴じ直し
本文紙は元の順番に並べ、表紙を戻して麻紐を用い綴じ直しました。綴じ穴はもとの位置を活かしました。文書のほとんどにこれまでに何度か綴じ直しが行われた跡がみられましたが、文化11年の定留は修復の痕跡がなく、オリジナルの状態が保持されていると判定されましたので、今回はすべて文化11年の定留と同じ方法で綴じ直しました。表紙はオリジナルが残っているものは補修を施し、強化しました。一方、以前の修復時に新調されたと判定された表紙については、新しいものに取り替えました。今回新しくした表紙には、和紙を数枚裏打ちして重ねて厚くしたものを使いました。
文書の厚みは薄いもので5㎝、厚いものは15㎝もあり、通常の和本を綴じる針では紐を通すことができず、畳針とペンチを使って綴じました。
今回の修復では最終的に約35,000丁を洗浄し、必要なものは和紙でつくろいました。また約11,500丁を漉きばめ機を使って処置しました。修理作業が終了した文書は新たに作製した帙に収め、2014（平成26）年9月に岩手県立博物館に返却しました。
村上直子（国立国会図書館）

Rebinding
The pages of the documents were collated in the originalorder, the front cover was returned to its original position, andthe documents were rebound using hemp cords. The original
sewing holes were utilized in this re-binding process. Whilemost of the documents had signs of repeated rebinding from thepast, the Jyodome (record of official duties) created in 1814 hadno signs of past restoration, and it was judged that the document
had maintained its original condition. Thus, all documents
were rebound using the method employed for the Jyodome
1814. The remaining original front covers were repaired andstrengthened. Meanwhile, the front covers which were judged
to have been created anew at the time of past restorations werereplaced with new ones. The newly created front covers used
for our project were reinforced by lining the covers with a few
sheets of Japanese paper.
The thickness of the documents ranged from 5 cm to 15cm. Since none of them could be bound by using the needle
normally used for binding traditional Japanese books, a plierand a needle used for producing tatami mats were used to bindthe documents.
Ultimately, approximately 35,000 pages were washed in ourproject, and the damaged pages were mended using Japanesepaper. Furthermore, approximately 11,500 pages were treatedusing leaf casting machines. The treated documents were eachplaced in a freshly created traditional folding case for bookstorage called a chitsu and returned to the IPMM in September
2014.

Naoko Murakami (National Diet Library)

92

第4章

図7 漉きばめ補修前
Fig. 7 Pre-casting

安定化処理と修理

図8 漉きばめ補修後
Fig. 8 Post-casting

図9 表紙の補修
Fig. 9 Front cover repair

図10 綴じFig. 10 Binding

図11 新たに作製した帙に収納したところ
Fig. 11 Treated documents placed in newly created folding cases forbook storage

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