MYRTACEAE
桃金娘科 tao jin niang ke
Chen Jie (陈介 Chen Cheih)1; Lyn A. Craven2
Trees or shrubs, evergreen, usually with essential oils-containing cavities in foliage, branchlets, and flowers. Stipules absent or
small and caducous. Leaves opposite, occasionally alternate, occasionally ternate or pseudo-whorled; leaf blade with secondary veins
pinnate or basal, often with intramarginal veins near margin, margin usually entire. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, cymose but
variously arranged, 1- to many-flowered. Flowers bisexual, sometimes polygamous, actinomorphic. Hypanthium usually adnate toovary and prolonged above it. Calyx lobes (3 or)4 or 5 or more, distinct or connate into a calyptra. Petals 4 or 5, sometimes absent,
distinct or connate into a calyptra, sometimes coherent and pseudocalyptrate. Stamens usually numerous, in 1 to several whorls;
filaments distinct or connate into 5 bundles opposite petals; anthers 2-celled, dorsifixed or basifixed, dehiscing longitudinally or
rarely terminally; connectives usually terminating in 1 or more apical glands. Ovary inferior, semi-inferior, or very rarely superior,carpels 2 to more, locules 1 to many, pseudoseptum sometimes present, placentation usually axile but occasionally parietal; ovules 1
to several per locule. Style single; stigma single. Fruit a capsule, berry, drupaceous berry, or drupe, 1- to many-seeded. Seeds without
endosperm or endosperm sparse and thin; testa cartilaginous or thinly membranous, sometimes absent; embryo straight or curved.
About 130 genera and 4500–5000 species: Mediterranean region, sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, tropical and temperate Asia, Australia,
Pacific islands, tropical and South America; 10 genera (five introduced) and 121 species (50 endemic, 32 introduced treated here) in China.
The classification adopted here is that of Wilson et al. (Pl. Syst. Evol. 251: 3–19. 2005). The conventional classification of Myrtaceae sensu
stricto in which the primary division is into two subfamilies based on the fruit being dry or fleshy (e.g., Niedenzu in Engler & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. 3(7): 57–105. 1893) results in an association of genera that is less natural than that proposed by Wilson et al.
Many Myrtaceae are cultivated garden ornamentals, street trees, or plantation trees. Some members of tribe Syzygieae are grown as fruit crops.
In addition to the cultivated members of the family treated here, some others grown in China include Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burrett (Feijoa
sellowiana (O. Berg) O. Berg), Myrtus communis Linnaeus, and Syncarpia glomulifera (Smith) Niedenzu.
Myrtus chinensis Loureiro is a synonym of Symplocos paniculata (Thunberg) Miquel in the Symplocaceae (see Fl. China 15: 252. 1996).
Chang Hung-ta & Miau Ru-hwai. 1984. Myrtaceae. In: Chen Chieh, ed., Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(1): 28–135.

1a. Fruit a capsule.
2a. Flowers usually calyptrate (tribe Eucalypteae) ....................................................................................................... 1. Eucalyptus
2b. Flowers never calyptrate.
3a. Embryo with cotyledons much smaller than the hypocotyl; leaves small, often ericoid (tribe
Chamelaucieae) ...................................................................................................................................................... 4. Baeckea
3b. Embryo with cotyledons ± as long as or longer than hypocotyl; leaves not small and ericoid.
4a. Leaf venation usually longitudinal, sometimes pinnate and inflorescences then brushlike; floral units
sessile, variously arranged in spikes or clusters (tribe Melaleuceae) ......................................................... 2. Melaleuca
4b. Leaf venation pinnate; floral units pedunculate, in a dichasium (tribe Lophostemoneae) ................... 3. Lophostemon
1b. Fruit a berry, drupaceous berry, or drupe.
5a. Plants usually glabrous, rarely with multicellular trichomes; vascular supply to ovary axial; seeds usually 1;
cotyledons massive relative to hypocotyl (tribe Syzygieae) .................................................................................... 10. Syzygium
5b. Plants with 1- or few-celled trichomes on at least some organs; vascular supply to ovary trans-septal; seeds
usually numerous; cotyledons usually small but sometimes massive relative to hypocotyl (tribe Myrteae).
6a. Leaf blade triveined or tripliveined.
7a. Ovary 1-loculed; seeds not separated by either longitudinal or false transverse septa ............................. 5. Rhodamnia
7b. Ovary 3(or 4)-loculed; seeds separated by longitudinal septa and a false transverse septum ............... 6. Rhodomyrtus
6b. Leaf blade pinnately veined.
8a. Fruit 1-seeded; embryo globose or ovoid; cotyledons massive ...................................................................... 7. Eugenia
8b. Fruit several- to many-seeded; embryo reniform or horseshoe-shaped; cotyledons small.
9a. Ovules numerous per locule ..................................................................................................................... 8. Psidium
9b. Ovules 1 or 2(–4) per locule ........................................................................................................... 9. Decaspermum

1. EUCALYPTUS L’Héritier, Sert. Angl. 18. 1789.
桉属 an shu
Corymbia K. D. Hill & L. A. S. Johnson.
Trees or shrubs. Bark smooth, fibrous, stringy, or tessellated. Leaves usually polymorphic with different juvenile and matureforms and sometimes with intermediate forms. Juvenile leaves opposite, 3 to several pairs, shortly petiolate or sessile; leaf blade
1 Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610 Longquan Road, Heilongtan, Kunming, Yunnan 650204, People’s Republic of China.
2 Australian National Herbarium, CSIRO Plant Industry, G.P.O. Box 1600, Canberra, A.C.T. 2601, Australia.

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MYRTACEAE

often glaucous or with glandular trichomes; juvenile foliage sometimes persisting throughout life of plant. Mature leaves alternate,petiolate; leaf blade usually leathery, secondary veins numerous, with intramarginal veins. Inflorescences axillary or clustered into
terminal or axillary panicles, consisting of umbelliform condensed dichasia. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium campanulate, obconic, orsemiglobose, stipitate or not, apex usually truncate. Sepals rarely distinct. Petals connate, either adnate to sepals into a 1-layered
calyptra or not adnate and then with connate sepals forming a 2-layered calyptra; calyptra deciduous at anthesis. Stamens numerous,
usually distinct, in several whorls with outer whorl usually sterile; anthers 2-celled, parallel or oblique, elliptic, ovate, cordate, orbifurcate, dehiscing longitudinally or occasionally poricidally. Ovary adnate to hypanthium, 2–7-loculed; ovules numerous. Stylepersistent. Whole or most of capsule included in expanded hypanthium; disk often well developed; valves exserted from hypanthium,equaling hypanthium rim, or included in hypanthium. Seeds numerous, many sterile and undeveloped, developed seeds ovate or
angular; testa rigid, sometimes developed into wings.
About 700 species: mainly in Australia, with a minor representation in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea, and the Philippines; about 110 species
cultivated in China with only 25 major ones treated here.
The genus is treated here in the broad sense, i.e., the segregate Corymbia is not recognized.
In addition to the Eucalyptus species treated here, the following additional taxa have been recorded as being cultivated in China (see Wang &Brooker, A key to eucalypts in China, China Science and Technology Press, Beijing, 1991):
E. acaciiformis H. Deane & Maiden
E. agglomerata Maiden
E. aggregata H. Deane & Maiden
E. albens Bentham
E. amygdalina Labillardière (E. salicifolia (Solander)
Cavanilles)
E. badjensis Beuzeville & Welch
E. bakeri Maiden
E. benthamii Maiden & Cambage
E. bosistoana F. Mueller
E. brassiana S. T. Blake
E. bridgesiana R. Baker
E. camphora R. Baker
E. cinerea F. Mueller ex Bentham
E. cladocalyx F. Mueller
E. cloeziana F. Mueller
E. coccifera J. D. Hooker
E. coolabah Blakely & Jacobs
E. cordata Labillardière
E. cornuta Labillardière
E. crawfordii Maiden & Blakely
E. crenulata Blakely & Beuzeville
E. cypellocarpa L. A. S. Johnson
E. dalrympleana Maiden
E. dealbata A. Cunningham ex Schauer
E. deanei Maiden
E. deglupta BlumeE. delegatensis R. Baker
E. dendromorpha (Blakely) L. A. S. Johnson & Blaxell
E. diversicolor F. Mueller
E. dives Schauer
E. drepanophylla F. Mueller ex Bentham
E. dundasii Maiden
E. dunnii Maiden
E. elata Dehnhardt
E. eugenioides Sieber ex SprengelE. fastigiata H. Deane & Maiden
E. fibrosa F. Mueller
E. ficifolia F. Mueller
E. fraxinoides H. Deane & Maiden
E. glaucescens Maiden & Blakely
E. globoidea Blakely
E. gomphocephala Candolle
E. goniocalyx F. Mueller ex Miquel
E. gummifera (Solander ex Gaertner) Hochreutiner
E. gunnii J. D. Hooker

E. horistes L. A. S. Johnson & K. D. Hill
E. intermedia R. Baker
E. ×kirtoniana F. Mueller
E. kochii Maiden & Blakely
E. laevopinea R. Baker
E. leucoxylon F. Mueller
E. longifolia Link
E. macarthurii H. Deane & Maiden
E. mannifera Mudie
E. marginata Donn ex Smith
E. melanoxylon Maiden
E. microtheca F. Mueller
E. miniata Cunningham ex Schauer
E. neglecta Maiden
E. nitens (H. Deane & Maiden) Maiden
E. nova-anglica H. Deane & Maiden
E. occidentalis Endlicher
E. ovata Labillardière
E. paliformis L. A. S. Johnson & Blaxell
E. papuana F. Mueller
E. parramattensis C. Hall
E. parvifolia Cambage
E. pauciflora Sieber ex Sprengel
E. peltata Bentham
E. perriniana F. Mueller ex Rodway
E. pilularis Smith
E. polybractea R. Baker
E. propinqua H. Deane & Maiden
E. pulverulenta Sims
E. pyrocarpa L. A. S. Johnson & Blaxell
E. quadrangulata H. Deane & Maiden
E. radiata Sieber ex Candolle
E. regnans F. Mueller
E. resinifera Smith
E. rubida H. Deane & Maiden
E. scoparia Maiden
E. seeana Maiden
E. smithii R. Baker
E. stellulata Sieber ex Candolle
E. stricta Sieber ex Sprengel
E. tessellaris F. Mueller
E. triantha LinkE. triflora (Maiden) Blakely
E. urophylla S. T. Blake
E. viminalis Labillardière

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1a. Bark smooth essentially throughout, exfoliating.
2a. Valves of capsule included in hypanthium rim; inflorescences terminal, paniculate.
3a. Capsule 4–5 mm in diam. ...................................................................................................................... 23. E. polyanthemos
3b. Capsule 8–13 mm in diam.
4a. Mature leaf blade ovate, pubescent; capsule globose .............................................................................. 1. E. torelliana
4b. Mature leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, glabrous; capsule pot-shaped to ovoid.
5a. Leaves with strong lemon smell; bark grayish blue ......................................................................... 2. E. citriodora
5b. Leaves only with weak odor; bark with grayish yellow maculae ...................................................... 3. E. maculata
2b. Valves of capsule exserted or equaling hypanthium rim; inflorescences axillary, simple.
6a. Hypanthium in flower and fruit 4-ridged ........................................................................................................ 18. E. globulus
6b. Hypanthium not ridged or 2-ridged.
7a. Leaf blade of mature trees rounded to broadly ovate .......................................................................... 14. E. platyphylla
7b. Leaf blade of mature trees lanceolate or narrowly lanceolate.
8a. Calyptra awl-shaped.
9a. Peduncle terete ............................................................................................................................. 13. E. blakelyi
9b. Peduncle compressed, flattened, or ridged.
10a. Hypanthium campanulate, 5–6 mm .................................................................................... 4. E. punctata
10b. Hypanthium semiglobose, ca. 3 mm .............................................................................. 11. E. amplifolia
8b. Calyptra conic, rostrate, or semiglobose.
11a. Peduncle terete.
12a. Calyptra acutely conic ................................................................................................ 10. E. tereticornis
12b. Calyptra rostrate or obtusely conic ........................................................................ 12. E. camaldulensis
11b. Peduncle compressed.
13a. Capsule pyriform to awl-shaped ........................................................................................ 5. E. grandis
13b. Capsule semiglobose to bowl-shaped .................................................................................... 15. E. alba
1b. Bark on trunk and branches rough or fibrous, persistent, sometimes only on basal part of trunk and then apicallysmooth and exfoliating.
14a. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal or sometimes axillary and then reduced in complexity.
15a. Disk of fruiting hypanthium narrow or obscure.
16a. Hypanthium 6–8 mm excluding stipe; leaf blade 2–3 cm wide .................................................. 24. E. paniculata
16b. Hypanthium 2–3 mm excluding stipe; leaf blade 1–1.8 cm wide.
17a. Capsule truncately capitate-ovoid ...................................................................................... 21. E. largiflorens
17b. Capsule campanulate .................................................................................................................. 22. E. crebra
15b. Disk of fruiting hypanthium broad or moderately broad.
18a. Calyptra semiglobose ................................................................................................................... 19. E. microcorys
18b. Calyptra awl-shaped.
19a. Flower buds spindle-shaped ............................................................................................... 20. E. leptophleba
19b. Flower buds obovoid ...................................................................................................... 23. E. polyanthemos
14b. Inflorescence simple, axillary.
20a. Valves of capsule included or equaling hypanthium rim.
21a. Disk of fruiting hypanthium narrow ............................................................................................ 25. E. melliodora
21b. Disk of fruiting hypanthium broad or moderately broad.
22a. Capsule pot-shaped, sometimes ± constricted in middle, 1–1.5 cm ......................................... 8. E. robusta
22b. Capsule campanulate to obconic, 6–8 mm ............................................................................ 9. E. botryoides
20b. Valves of capsule exserted from hypanthium rim.
23a. Capsule 1.2–1.5 cm in diam. .................................................................................................................. 7. E. pellita
23b. Capsule 0.5–0.9 cm in diam.
24a. Peduncle compressed.
25a. Calyptra semiglobose or conic ......................................................................................... 5. E. grandis
25b. Calyptra shortly pyramidally awl-shaped .......................................................................... 6. E. saligna
24b. Peduncle terete.
26a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 35°–45° from midvein; hypanthium
semiglobose ...................................................................................................................... 16. E. exserta
26b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 55°–60° from midvein; hypanthium
obconic ................................................................................................................................. 17. E. rudis
1. Eucalyptus torelliana F. Mueller, Fragm. 10: 106. 1877.
毛叶桉 mao ye an
Trees, large. Bark at base of trunk gray to black, fibrousand subtessellated, and persistent, apically grayish green, smooth,and exfoliating. Branchlets terete, with rough pubescence. Youngleaves opposite, 4 or 5 pairs, peltate, shortly petiolate; leaf blade
ovate, 7–15 × 4–9 cm, abaxially pubescent. Mature leaves with

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MYRTACEAE

a 1–2 cm petiole with rough pubescence; leaf blade ovate, 10–
14 × 1–7 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially gray and pubescent,secondary veins few and 4–10 mm apart, intramarginal veins 2–
3 mm from margin, base rounded, apex acute. Inflorescences
terminal or axillary, paniculate, 8–11 cm, umbels 3- or 7-flowered; peduncle pubescent, secondary peduncle 0.8–1.5 cm, terete. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 10 × 6–7 mm. Hypanthium semiglobose, ca. 6 mm; stipe 0–3 mm; calyptra 4–4.5 mm, apex
rounded. Stamens 8–10 mm; anthers obovoid-oblong, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Style 5–7 mm. Capsule globose,
1–1.3 cm in diam., apical part constricted; aperture 5–6 mm indiam.; disk broad; valves 3, included in hypanthium. Fl. Oct–
Nov.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Taiwan[native to NE Australia].

2. Eucalyptus citriodora Hooker in T. L. Mitchell, J. Exped.
Trop. Australia 235. 1848.
柠檬桉 ning meng an
Eucalyptus maculata Hooker var. citriodora (Hooker)
Bailey.
Trees, to 28 m tall. Bark grayish white, smooth, exfoliating. Young leaves peltate, petiolate; leaf blade lanceolate, withglandular trichomes, base rounded. Leaf blade of intermediateleaves broadly lanceolate, 15–18 × 3–4 cm. Mature leaves
strongly smelling of lemon; petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 10–15 × ca. 1 cm, slightly twisted, both surfaces with black glands. Inflorescences terminal or axillary,paniculate, umbels 3-flowered; peduncle 3–4 mm, 2-ridged.
Flower buds long obovate, 6–7 mm. Hypanthium ca. 5 × 4 mm;stipe 1–6 mm; calyptra ca. 1.5 mm, slightly wider than hypanthium, apex rounded, apiculate. Stamens 6–7 mm, in 2 whorls;
anthers elliptic, dorsifixed, cells parallel. Capsule pot-shaped to
ovoid, 1–1.2 × 0.8–1 cm; disk broad; valves 3 or 4, included inhypanthium. Fl. Apr–Dec.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan,
Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to NE Australia].

3. Eucalyptus maculata Hooker, Icon. Pl. 7: t. 619. 1844.
斑皮桉 ban pi an
Trees, 25–30 m tall. Bark whitish, pinkish gray, or bluishgray, usually mottled, smooth, exfoliating irregularly leaving
underbark regions initially grayish yellow. Branchlets slightly
ridged. Young leaves opposite, peltate, shortly petiolate; leaf
blade broadly lanceolate, 4–6 cm wide, bristled. Mature leaves
alternate, slightly fragrant; petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade lanceolate, 10–30 × 2–4 cm, leathery, secondary veins at an angle ofca. 50° from midvein, intramarginal veins near margin. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate, umbels 2–4-flowered;peduncle ca. 1 cm, terete. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 9 mm. Hypanthium ca. 6 mm; stipe 4–5 mm; calyptra semiglobose orslightly acute, shorter than hypanthium. Stamens 8–10 mm; anthers ovoid, dehiscing longitudinally. Capsule pot-shaped to
ovoid, 1.2–1.5 × ca. 1 cm; disk broad; valves 3 or 4, included inhypanthium. Fl. spring–summer.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan[native to E Australia].

4. Eucalyptus punctata Candolle, Prodr. 3: 217. 1828.
斑叶桉 ban ye an
Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark grayish, smooth, exfoliating.
Branchlets terete. Leaf blade of young leaves ovate-lanceolate,ca. 11 × 6 cm, thinly leathery. Mature leaves with a flattened
1.5–2 cm petiole; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 10–16 × 2–3
cm, falcate, leathery, both surfaces with black glands, abaxiallygray, secondary veins at an angle of ca. 50° from midvein,
intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels with (4–)7(–10) flowers; peduncle compressed or ridged, 1.5–2 cm. Flower buds long ovate to spindleshaped, 1–1.3 cm. Hypanthium campanulate, 5–6 × 4–5 mm;stipe 3–5 mm, 2-ridged; calyptra awl-shaped, 6–7 mm, apex
acuminate to acute. Stamens 7–9 mm; anthers obovoid, dehiscing longitudinally. Capsule semiglobose to campanulate, 7–10 ×
6–8 mm; disk broad; valves (3 or)4(or 5), exserted fromhypanthium. Fl. Aug–Oct.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Sichuan[native to SE Australia].

5. Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden, Cat. Timbers Queensland (London Exhib.) 25. 1862.
大桉 da anTrees, large. Bark at base of trunk rough and flaky, apically silvery white, smooth, and gradually exfoliating. Branchlets
grayish white, ridged. Young leaves shortly petiolate; leaf blade
broadly lanceolate to ovate, thinly leathery. Mature leaves witha ca. 2 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 13–20 × 2–2.5 cm,
both surfaces with small glands, adaxially dark green andslightly glossy, secondary veins at an angle of 60°–70° frommidvein. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 3–10-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, compressed. Flower buds narrowly
obovate, 8–10 × ca. 5 mm. Hypanthium obconic to campanulate; stipe 0–3 mm; calyptra semiglobose to conic, as long or
slightly shorter than hypanthium, apex acute to apiculate. Stamens 8–10 mm; anthers oblong, nearly basifixed, dehiscing
longitudinally, glands abaxial. Style shorter than stamens. Capsule gray, pyriform to awl-shaped, 7–8 × 6–8 mm; disk narrow;valves 4 or 5(or 6), exserted from hypanthium. Fl. winter–spring.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Taiwan [native to E andNE Australia].

6. Eucalyptus saligna Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3: 285.
1797.
柳叶桉 liu ye an
Trees, large. Bark at base of trunk brown-gray, slightly
rough, persistent but apically grayish blue, smooth, and exfoliating. Branchlets ± ridged. Young leaves opposite; petiole short;leaf blade lanceolate to ovate, thinly leathery. Mature leaves
with a 2–2.5 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 10–20 × 1.5–3
cm, secondary veins at an angle of 50°–65° from midvein, intramarginal veins very near margin. Inflorescences axillary,
simple, umbels 3–9-flowered; peduncle ridged, 0.8–1.2 cm,compressed. Flowers buds obovoid, 8–9 × 4–5 mm. Hypanthium hemispheric, cylindric, or campanulate, 2–3 mm; stipe

MYRTACEAE

0–3 mm; calyptra shortly pyramidal awl-shaped, shorter than or
as long as hypanthium, apex acuminate. Stamens slightly longer than flower buds; anthers oblong-elliptic, dehiscing longitudinally, glands abaxial. Capsule cylindric, campanulate, or subpyriform, 5–6 × 5–6 mm; disk narrow; valves 3 or 4, exserted
from hypanthium. Fl. Apr–May.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Taiwan[native to E Australia].

7. Eucalyptus pellita F. Mueller, Fragm. 4: 159. 1864.
粗皮桉 cu pi an
Trees, to 15 m tall or more. Bark dark brown, fibrous,
persistent. Branchlets ridged. Young leaves opposite; leaf blade
broadly lanceolate to ovate, 3–9 × 3–5 cm, leathery. Mature
leaves with a 1.5–2.5 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 10–14 ×
2–3 cm, slightly twisted, oblique, glands inconspicuous, secondary veins very dense and at an angle of ca. 70° from midvein,
intramarginal veins near margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple,
umbels 3–8-flowered; peduncle stout, 1.5–2 cm, compressed.
Flower buds obovoid, ca. 2 × 1 cm or sometimes bigger. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 1 cm, ridged; stipe 3–5 mm; calyptra
pyramidal awl-shaped, ± as long as hypanthium, apex acute andsometimes beak-shaped. Stamens 1–1.2 cm; anthers ovoid, cells
parallel. Capsule semiglobose, 1.2–1.5 cm in diam.; disk prominent; valves 3 or 4, exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Oct–Nov.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan [native to E andNE Australia].

8. Eucalyptus robusta Smith, Spec. Bot. New Holland, 39.
1795.
桉 an
Trees, to 20 m tall. Bark dark brown, rough and subfibrous, persistent. Branchlets ridged. Young leaves opposite,
petiolate; leaf blade thickly ovate, ca. 11 × 7 cm, leathery. Mature leaves with a 1.5–2.5 cm petiole; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 8–17 × 3–7 cm, oblique, thickly leathery, both surfaces
glandular, secondary veins numerous, conspicuous, and at anangle of ca. 80° from midvein, intramarginal veins 1–1.5 mm
from margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 4–8-flowered; peduncle less than 2.5 cm, compressed. Flower buds 1.4–
2 × 0.7–1 cm. Hypanthium semiglobose to obconic, 7–9 × 6–8mm; stipe 0–9 mm, angular; calyptra ± as long as hypanthium,apex constricted into a beak. Stamens 1–1.2 cm; anthers elliptic,
dehiscing longitudinally. Capsule pot-shaped, sometimes somewhat constricted in middle, 1–1.5 cm; disk broad; valves 3 or 4,
included in hypanthium. Fl. almost year-round.
Cultivated in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to
E Australia].

9. Eucalyptus botryoides Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3:286. 1797.
葡萄桉 pu tao an
Trees, 16–18 m tall. Bark on trunk and larger branches
brown to grayish brown, fibrous or flaky fibrous, persistent;bark on smaller branches white or grayish white, smooth, exfo-

325

liating. Branchlets ridged. Young leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf
blade ovate, apex rounded. Mature leaves with a ca. 1.5 cm
petiole; leaf blade ovate to long ovate, 8–12 × 4–6 cm, thinly
leathery, secondary veins 3–6 mm apart and at an angle of ca.
60° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin,base rounded, apex sharp. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 6–10-flowered; peduncle 6–10 mm, compressed. Flower
buds long obovate, ca. 7 mm. Hypanthium narrowly obconic,
ca. 5 mm, 2-ridged; stipe usually absent but sometimes to 3mm; calyptra obtusely pyramidal, 2–2.5 mm, apex obtuse. Stamens 4–5 mm; anthers long elliptic, dehiscing longitudinally.
Capsule campanulate to obconic, 6–8 × 5–6 mm; disk moderately broad; valves 4 or 5, equaling hypanthium rim or included. Fl. Aug–Oct.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Taiwan[native to SE Australia].

10. Eucalyptus tereticornis Smith, Spec. Bot. New Holland, 41.
1795.
细叶桉 xi ye an
Eucalyptus umbellata (Gaertner) Domin; Leptospermum
umbellatum Gaertner.
Trees, to 25 m tall. Bark grayish white, smooth, exfoliatingin long strips. Branchlets terete, slender, pendulous. Leaf bladeof young leaves ovate to broadly lanceolate, to 10 cm wide.
Leaf blade of intermediate leaves broadly lanceolate. Mature
leaves with a 1.5–2.5 cm petiole; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 10–25 × 1.5–2 cm, slightly twisted, both surfaces withsmall glands, secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 0.7 mm from margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 5–8-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5
cm, stout, terete. Flowers buds long ovate, 1–1.3 mm or longer.
Hypanthium hemispheric, 2.5–3 × 4–5 mm; stipe 3–6 mm;
calyptra conic, 7–10 mm, apex acuminate. Stamens 6–9 mm;anthers long obovate, dehiscing longitudinally. Capsule subglobose to ovoid, 6–8 mm in diam.; disk broad; valves 4 or 5,
much exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Feb–Apr, Jun–Aug.
Cultivated in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Jiangxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to E and SE Australia].

11. Eucalyptus amplifolia Naudin, Descr. Emploi. Eucalypt. 28.
1891.
广叶桉 guang ye an
Trees. Bark whitish or grayish, smooth, maculate, exfoliating. Branchlets terete. Young leaves opposite; leaf blade ovateto orbicular, 7–14 × 6–12 cm. Leaf blade of intermediate leaves
broadly lanceolate, 4–5 cm wide. Mature leaves with a 1.5–2.5
cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 10–25 × 2.5–3.5 cm, slightly
twisted, both surfaces with small glands, secondary veins at anangle of ca. 45° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 0.7 mmfrom margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 7–20-flowered; peduncle 1–2 cm, flattened or ridged. Flower buds longovate, 10–15 × 4–5 mm. Hypanthium semiglobose, ca. 3 mm;stipe 3–4 mm; calyptra long awl-shaped, 3 to 4 times as long as
hypanthium, apex acuminate. Stamens ca. 1 cm; anthers obo-

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void, dehiscing longitudinally, large glands abaxially. Capsulesemiglobose to truncate capitate globose, 4–6 × 5–7 mm; disk
broad; valves 3–5, strongly exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Aug–
Sep.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, and Sichuan [native to SE Australia].

12. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnhardt, Cat. Pl. Hort.
Camald., ed. 2, 6, 20. 1832.
赤桉 chi an
Trees, to 25 m tall. Bark dark gray, white, brown, or red,smooth, exfoliating. Branches sometimes pendulous, terete,youngest parts ridged. Young leaves opposite; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, 6–9 × 2.5–4 cm. Mature leaves with a slender
1.5–2.5 cm petiole; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate,
6–30 × 1–2 cm, slightly twisted, thinly leathery, both surfaces
with small black glands, secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45°
from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 0.7 mm from margin.
Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 5–11-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, slender, terete. Flower buds ovoid, 5–8 mm. Hypanthium semiglobose, ca. 3 mm; stipe 3–12 mm; calyptra
hemispheric, rostrate to obtusely conic, 5–7 mm, apically constricted, apex obtuse, acute, or acuminate and beaked or not.
Stamens 5–7 mm; anthers elliptic, dehiscing longitudinally. Capsule subglobose, 5–6 mm in diam.; disk broad; valves (3 or)4(or5), exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Dec–Aug.
Cultivated in Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to Australia, where widespread].
The varieties Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. camaldulensis, E.
camaldulensis var. acuminata (Hooker) Blakely, E. camaldulensis var.
brevirostris (F. Mueller ex Miquel) Blakely, E. camaldulensis var. obtusa Blakely, and E. camaldulensis var. pendula Blakely & Jacobs are
all cultivated in China.

13. Eucalyptus blakelyi Maiden, Crit. Revis. Eucalyptus 4: 43.
1917.
布氏桉 bu shi an
Trees, to 21 m tall. Bark white or gray with grayish blue,
pink, or cream colored patches, smooth, exfoliating. Branchlets
slender, ridged. Young leaves opposite, shortly petiolate; leaf
blade ovate to rounded, 7–10 × 5–7 cm, leathery, glaucescent.
Mature leaves with a slender 1.5–2.5 cm petiole; leaf blade
lanceolate, 9–18 × 1.5–3 cm, falcate, leathery, secondary veinsat an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, intramarginal veins near to
margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 4–8-flowered;peduncle 1–1.5 cm, slender, terete. Flower buds spindle-shaped,
7–10 × 4–5 mm. Hypanthium semiglobose, 2–3 mm; stipe ca. 3mm; calyptra long awl-shaped, 5–7 mm. Capsule semiglobose,
5–6 × ca. 5 mm; disk broad; valves 3 or 4, exserted fromhypanthium. Fl. Nov–Dec.
Cultivated in Jiangxi and Yunnan [native to SE Australia].

14. Eucalyptus platyphylla F. Mueller, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.
3: 93. 1859.
阔叶桉 kuo ye an

Trees, medium sized. Bark whitish to brownish, smooth,
exfoliating. Branchlets terete. Young leaves opposite; leaf blade
rounded, cordate, or broadly lanceolate, ca. 30 × 28 cm, leathery. Mature leaves with a slightly flattened 2–3 cm petiole; leaf
blade rounded to broadly ovate, 7–13 × 6–11 cm, secondaryveins few and 10–15 apart, intramarginal veins 1–1.5 mm frommargin, base broad but abruptly decurrent, apex obtuse. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 3–7-flowered; peduncle 5–6mm, terete or compressed. Flower buds obovoid, 6–8 × ca. 5
mm. Hypanthium obconic, 4–5 mm, 2-ridged; stipe 0–3 mm;
calyptra semiglobose, shorter than or as long as hypanthium,apex rounded. Capsule semiglobose to awl-shaped, 5–6 × 7–9mm; disk moderately broad; valves 3 or 4, exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Oct–Nov.
Cultivated in Guangdong (Guangzhou) [native to NE Australia].

15. Eucalyptus alba Reinwardt ex Blume, Bijdr. 1101. 1826–1827.
白桉 bai an
Trees, medium sized. Bark grayish white, smooth, exfoliating. Young leaves 3 or 4 pairs, opposite, petiolate; leaf blade
ovate-lanceolate. Intermediate leaves alternate; leaf blade ovate
to triangular, ca. 7.5 cm. Mature leaves; with a slightly weak 2–
3 cm petiole; leaf blade broadly lanceolate to lanceolate, 10–13
× 2–4 cm, secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein
and inconspicuous on both surfaces, apex long and acutely pointed. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 3–7-flowered; peduncle 1.5–2 cm, compressed. Flower buds elliptic, 8–9 mm. Hypanthium 4–5 mm; stipe 0–3 mm; calyptra slightly obtuse conic
to slightly acute, shorter than hypanthium. Stamens 5–6 mm;anthers dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally. Capsule semiglobose to bowl-shaped, ca. 6 mm; disk broad or narrow; valves 3–
5, exserted from hypanthium.
Cultivated in Guangxi [native to N Australia, East Timor, Indonesia, and Papua New Guinea].

16. Eucalyptus exserta F. Mueller, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3:
85. 1859.
窿缘桉 long yuan an
Trees, 15–18 m tall. Bark on trunk and larger branches
grayish brown, rough, persistent but gray; bark smaller branches smooth. Branchlets obtusely ridged, slender, usually pendulous. Young leaves opposite, shortly petiolate; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, less than 1 cm wide. Mature with a slender ca.
1.5 cm petiole; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 8–15 × 1–1.5
cm, slightly twisted, both surfaces with numerous minute black
glands, secondary veins at an abrupt angle of 35°–40° from midvein, intramarginal veins very near margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 3–8-flowered; peduncle 4–20 mm, terete.
Flower buds long ovate, 8–10 mm. Hypanthium semiglobose,
2.5–3 × ca. 4 mm; stipe 0–4 mm; calyptra long conic, 5–7 mm,
apex acuminate. Stamens 6–7 mm; anthers parallel, dehiscing
longitudinally. Capsule subglobose, 6–7 mm in diam.; disk broad;valves 4, strongly exserted from hypanthium. Fl. May–Sep.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Zhejiang [native to NE Australia].

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17. Eucalyptus rudis Endlicher, Enum. Pl. Huegel 49. 1837.

直杆蓝桉 zhi gan lan an野桉 ye an

Eucalyptus maidenii F. Mueller, Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales, ser. 2, 4: 1020. 1890.

Trees, 9–15 m tall. Bark on trunk and larger branches
blackish, rough, persistent but gray; bark on smaller branchessmooth, exfoliating. Branchlets glossy. Young leaves 4 pairs,
opposite; leaf blade broadly lanceolate to ovate. Mature leaves
alternate; petiole 1.5–3 cm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate tobroadly lanceolate, 10–15 × 1–2 cm or wider, secondary veinsconspicuous and at an angle of 55°–60° from midvein, intramarginal veins 1–1.5 mm from margin. Inflorescences axillary,
simple, umbels 4–10-flowered; peduncle 1–2.5 cm, terete.
Flower buds ovoid, 9–11 mm. Hypanthium obconic, 3–4 mm;stipe 3–5 mm; calyptra 5–7 mm, slightly longer than hypanthium, apex acute. Stamens 5–8 mm; filaments slender; anthers
ovoid, dorsifixed, dehiscing longitudinally, glands small. Capsule bowl-shaped to obconic, 4–6 × 6–9 mm; disk broad; valves
4, exserted from hypanthium. Fl. winter.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang[native to SW Australia].

18. Eucalyptus globulus Labillardière, Voy. Rech. Pérouse 1:
153. 1800.
蓝桉 lan an
Trees, large. Bark grayish blue, smooth, exfoliating.
Branchlets slightly ridged. Young leaves opposite, sessile; leaf
blade ovate, glaucescent, base cordate. Mature leaves with aslightly flattened 1.5–3 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 15–30
× 1–2 cm, falcate, leathery, both surfaces glandular, secondaryveins at an angle of 35°–40° from midvein and inconspicuous,
intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin. Inflorescences axillary, simple, umbels 1- or 7-flowered; peduncles flattened or terete. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 1 × 1.3 cm, surface with 4 ridges
and rugose protuberances, glaucescent; stipe 0–5 mm; calyptraslightly flattened, with a conic tubercle in middle, shorter thancalyx tube, in 2 layers with outer layer glossy and caducous.
Stamens 0.8–1.3 cm, in several whorls; filaments slender; anthers elliptic. Style 7–8 mm, stout. Capsule semiglobose, 0.6–
2.4 cm in diam., 4-ridged; disk broad; valves 3–5, equaling hypanthium rim or exserted. Fl. Dec–May, fr. winter.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,
Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to SE Australia and Tasmania].

1a. Umbels 1-flowered; capsule 1.4–2.4 cm
in diam. ............................................... 18a. subsp. globulus
1b. Umbels 7-flowered; capsule 0.6–1 cm
in diam. ............................................... 18b. subsp. maidenii
18a. Eucalyptus globulus subsp. globulus
蓝桉(原亚种) lan an (yuan ya zhong)Umbels 1-flowered. Capsule 1.4–2.4 cm in diam.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangxi, Guizhou, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan,
Yunnan, and Zhejiang [native to extreme SE Australia and Tasmania].

18b. Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (F. Mueller) Kirkpatrick, Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 69: 101. 1974.

Umbels 7-flowered. Capsule 0.6–1 cm in diam.
Cultivated in Guangxi, Jiangxi, Sichuan, and Yunnan [native to SE
Australia].

19. Eucalyptus microcorys F. Mueller, Fragm. 2: 50. 1860.
小帽桉 xiao mao an
Trees, large. Bark dark brown, fibrous, persistent. Branchlets terete or obtusely ridged, slender, pendulous. Young leaves
opposite, sessile or shortly petiolate; leaf blade elliptic to broadly lanceolate, ca. 7 × 3 cm, thin. Mature leaves with a 1–1.5 cm
petiole; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 8–10 × 2.5–4 cm, thinly
leathery, both surfaces with numerous black glands, secondaryveins few, 5–8 apart, and at an angle of ca. 70° from midvein,base rounded, apex sharp. Inflorescences terminal panicles or
5–8-flowered axillary umbels near branchlet apex; peduncle 1–
1.5 cm, ridged. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 5 mm. Hypanthium
shortly clavate, 3–4 mm in diam.; stipe 4–5 mm; calyptra semiglobose, ca. 1.5 mm. Stamens ca. 5 mm; anthers cordate. Capsule obovate, ca. 6 × 4 mm, base narrow, margins narrow, aperture of fruiting hypanthium slightly constricted; disk moderately broad; valves 3 or 4, included to slightly exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Dec–Jan.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Taiwan [native to E
Australia].

20. Eucalyptus leptophleba F. Mueller, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.
3: 86. 1859.
纤脉桉 xian mai an
Trees, to 15 m tall. Bark dark gray, rough, fibrous, persistent. Branchlets basally terete, apically ridged. Young leaves
shortly petiolate; leaf blade broadly lanceolate, 8–10 × 2.5–3.5
cm. Mature leaves with a 1–2 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate,
10–17 × 2–3 cm, slightly twisted, leathery, both surfaces withnumerous small glands, secondary veins 1.5–2 mm apart and at
an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, intramarginal veins very near
margin. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axillary, paniculate, umbels 3–6-flowered; peduncle 6–9 mm, terete. Flower
buds spindle-shaped, ca. 10 × 5 mm. Hypanthium obconic tocampanulate, 4–6 mm; stipe 2–8 mm; calyptra awl-shaped, aslong as hypanthium, apex slightly acute. Stamens distinct, ca. 5mm; anthers globose reniform, poricidal near apex. Capsulecup-shaped, 8–10 mm; disk broad; valves 3 or 4, included orslightly exserted from hypanthium. Fl. Dec.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi [native to NE
Australia].

21. Eucalyptus largiflorens F. Mueller, Trans. & Proc. Victorian Inst. Advancem. Sci. 1: 34. 1855.
二色桉 er se an
Trees, 12–18 m tall. Bark on trunk and larger branches
dark brown, rough, fibrous, persistent; bark on smaller branches
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leaves grayish white, shortly petiolate; leaf blade narrowly
lanceolate to oblong, 3–4 cm. Mature leaves with a slender ca. 1
cm petiole; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 8–13 × ca. 1 cm,
slightly twisted, thinly leathery, glands inconspicuous, secondary veins dense and at an angle of ca. 40° from midvein, intramarginal veins very close to margin. Inflorescences usually terminal, paniculate, umbels 3–8-flowered; peduncle 5–8 mm,
slender, ridged. Flower buds spindle-shaped, 5–7 mm, acute atboth ends. Hypanthium ovoid to obconic, 2–3 mm; stipe 2–3mm; calyptra shorter than or as long as hypanthium. Stamens
ca. 3 mm; anthers small, laterally poricidal or dehiscing by
short longitudinal slits. Capsule truncately capitate ovate, 3–4
mm in diam.; disk narrow; valves 3 or 4, equaling hypanthiumrim or included. Fl. Sep.
Cultivated in Guangdong and Guangxi [native to SE Australia].
The name Eucalyptus bicolor A. Cunningham ex Mitchell (J.
Exped. Trop. Australia 390. 1848) has been applied to this species, butthat is a nomen dubium; see Chippendale (Fl. Australia 19: 496. 1988).

22. Eucalyptus crebra F. Mueller, J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 3:
87. 1859.
常桉 chang an
Trees, to 25 m tall. Bark dark brown, rough, persistent.
Branchlets slender, slightly ridged. Young leaves opposite,
shortly petiolate; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, glaucescent.
Mature leaves alternate; petiole 1–2 cm, slender; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 8–15 × 1–1.8 cm, twisted, glaucescent, samecolor on both surfaces, glands inconspicuous, intramarginal veinsvery near margin. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate, umbels
2–6-flowered; peduncle 7–10 mm, obtusely ridged or terete.
Flower buds narrowly spindle-shaped, ca. 6 × 3 mm. Hypanthium hemispheric to obovoid, 2–3 mm; stipe 2–3 mm; calyptra
nearly as long as hypanthium, apex slightly acute. Stamens ca.
3 mm, all developed; anthers globular, dehiscing longitudinally.
Capsule campanulate, 4–6 × ca. 3 mm; disk narrow; valves 3 or4, subequaling hypanthium rim to included. Fl. Aug–Sep.
Cultivated in Guangdong [native to E and NE Australia].

23. Eucalyptus polyanthemos Schauer in Walpers, Repert.
Bot. Syst. 2: 924. 1843.
多花桉 duo hua an
Trees, to 22 m tall, d.b.h. to 70 cm. Bark grayish or creamcolored, ± smooth, exfoliating throughout or on trunk and larger
branches blackish brown, fibrous, and persistent. Branchlets
terete. Young leaves opposite; leaf blade rounded, 4–8 × 4–11
cm, glaucescent. Mature leaves with a slender 2–3 cm petiole;leaf blade grayish, ovate-lanceolate to long ovate, 5–14 × 1.5–
4.5 cm, with numerous minute glands, secondary veins at anangle of ca. 55° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 0.5 mm
from margin. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate, umbels 3–6-flowered; secondary peduncle ca. 7 mm, terete. Flower

buds obovoid, ca. 5 × 3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 3
mm; stipe 1–2 mm; calyptra shortly awl-shaped, ca. 2 mm,
apex slightly acute. Stamens 3–4 mm; anthers truncate capitate,
poricidal. Capsule hemispheric, ovoid, or pyriform, 5–6 × 4–5mm; disk broad; valves 3 or 4, included in hypanthium. Fl.
Nov–Dec.
Cultivated in Jiangxi and Yunnan [native to SE Australia].

24. Eucalyptus paniculata Smith, Trans. Linn. Soc. London 3:
287. 1797.
圆锥花桉 yuan zhui hua an
Trees, large. Bark grayish, rough, persistent. Branchlets terete. Young leaves opposite, shortly petiolate; leaf blade broadly
lanceolate to ovate, ca. 6 × 2–4 cm. Leaf blade of intermediateleaves broadly lanceolate, 8–10 × ca. 3.5 cm. Mature leaves
with a 1–1.5 cm petiole; leaf blade lanceolate, 9–13 × 2–3 cm,
slightly oblique, secondary veins at an angle of 40°–50° frommidvein and conspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 0.5 mm frommargin. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate, umbels 3–9-flowered; peduncle ca. 1 cm, slightly ridged. Flower buds 7–9 mm.
Hypanthium obovoid to obconic, 6–8 mm; stipe 2–10 mm;
calyptra pyramidal awl-shaped, shorter than hypanthium, apex
slightly acute. Capsule truncately capitate pyriform, 7–9 × ca. 5mm; disk obscure; valves usually 4, equaling hypanthium rim
or included. Fl. Aug–Oct.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Jiangxi [native to SE
Australia].

25. Eucalyptus melliodora A. Cunningham ex Schauer in Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst. 2: 924. 1843.
蜜味桉 mi wei an
Trees, medium sized. Bark on lower part of trunk or sometimes extending to larger branches, grayish brown, fibrous, persistent; bark on smaller branches whitish yellow, smooth, exfoliating. Branchlets terete. Young leaves slightly grayish, oblong, ca. 5 × 2.5 cm. Mature leaves with a 1–1.5 cm petiole;leaf blade narrowly lanceolate to lanceolate, 7–13 × 1–1.5 cm,
slightly twisted, leathery, both surfaces with numerous black
glands, secondary veins at an angle of ca. 30° from midvein but
ternate at base, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mm from margin. Inflorescences axillary, umbels 3- or 7-flowered; peduncle 4–9mm. Flower buds ovoid, ca. 5 mm. Hypanthium campanulate,
3–4 mm; stipe 2–9 mm; calyptra coniform-semiglobose, as longor slightly shorter than hypanthium, sometimes apiculate. Stamens 4–6 mm, peripheral stamens sterile; anthers small, truncate-capitate, poricidal. Capsule semiglobose, ca. 5 mm in diam.;disk narrow; valves 5 or 6, equaling hypanthium rim or included. Fl. Aug–Sep.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Yunnan [native to E andSE Australia].

2. MELALEUCA Linnaeus, Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 507, 509; Mant. Pl. 1: 14, 105. 1767, nom. cons.
白千层属 bai qian ceng shu
Callistemon R. Brown; Kajuputi Adanson.

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329

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite-decussate, petiolate or sessile; leaf blade leathery, secondary veins basal and parallel to leaf axis or pinnate. Flowers bisexual or female sterile, arranged in spikes or heads and pseudoterminal or lateral. Hypanthium
subglobose or campanulate. Sepals 5, caducous or persistent. Petals 5. Stamens numerous, greenish white; filaments basally connate
into 5 bundles opposite petals; anthers dorsifixed, cells parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary slightly adnate to hypanthium, 3loculed, apex prominent; ovules numerous. Style linear; stigma ± enlarged. Capsule semiglobose to globose, apically dehiscing.
Seeds obovoid-oblong to obovoid; testa thin; embryo straight.
About 280 species: mainly in Australia, but also in Indonesia, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea; several species cultivated in China but
only one commonly cultivated.
Callistemon is to be included in Melaleuca as the two genera overlap in many morphological aspects. Several species are occasionally cultivatedin China under Callistemon, including C. citrinus (Curtis) Skeels (C. lanceolatus Candolle), C. linearis (Smith) Candolle (C. rigidus R. Brown), C.
rugulosus (Schlechtendal ex Link) Candolle (C. coccineus F. Mueller), C. salignus (Smith) Colvill ex Sweet, and C. viminalis (Solander ex Gaertner)
G. Don ex Loudon. The cultivated species treated under the name M. parviflora Lindley in FRPS (53(1): 55. 1984) is not that species; no material has
been seen and its true identity is unknown.

1. Melaleuca cajuputi Powell subsp. cumingiana (Turczaninow) Barlow, Novon 7: 113. 1997.
白千层 bai qian ceng
Melaleuca cumingiana Turczaninow, Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 20: 164. 1847.
Trees, to 18 m tall. Bark white, thick and soft, peeling.
Branchlets grayish white. Leaves alternate, fragrant; petiole
very short; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblong, 4–
10 × 1–2 cm, leathery, with numerous oil glands, secondaryveins 3–5(–7) and parallel to long axis blade, both ends acute.
Flowers white, in pseudoterminal spikes to 15 cm; rachis usually with short trichomes. Hypanthium ovate, ca. 3 mm, pubes-

cent or glabrous. Sepals 5, rounded, ca. 1 mm. Petals 5, ovate,
2–3 × ca. 3 mm. Stamens ca. 1 cm, in 5 bundles. Style linear,slightly longer than stamens. Capsule subglobose, 5–7 mm indiam. Fl. several times per year.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, andYunnan [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].
In FRPS (53(1): 54–55. 1984), this widely cultivated species wastreated under the name Melaleuca leucadendra (Linnaeus) Linnaeus (as“M. leucadendron”). Melaleuca cajuputi is the source of the essential
oil, cajuput or cadjeput. The typical race, subsp. cajuputi, is distributedin Indonesia and Australia; a third race, subsp. platyphylla Barlow, isdistributed in Indonesia (Irian Jaya), Papua New Guinea, and Australia.

3. LOPHOSTEMON Schott, Wiener Z. Kunst 1830(3): 772. 1830.
红胶木属 hong jiao mu shu
Trees. Leaves alternate or pseudo-whorled, clustered at apex of branches, rarely opposite. Inflorescences axillary, dichasium;
bracts caducous or absent. Flowers bisexual. Hypanthium ovate or obconiform, pubescent. Sepals 5, imbricate, persistent. Petals 5,
white or yellow, pubescent. Stamens numerous; filaments usually basally connate into 5 bundles opposite petals; anthers dorsifixed,
locules parallel, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary semi-inferior, 3-loculed; ovules numerous. Style shorter than stamens; stigma slightly ampliate. Capsule semiglobose or cup-shaped, apically flatted truncate, splitting into 3 parts but still surrounded by hypanthium.
Seeds few, linear, sometimes winged.
Four species: Australia, S New Guinea; one species (cultivated) in China.

1. Lophostemon confertus (R. Brown) Peter G. Wilson & J. T.
Waterhouse, Austral. J. Bot. 30: 424. 1982.
红胶木 hong jiao mu
Tristania conferta R. Brown in W. T. Aiton, Hort. Kew.,ed. 2, 4: 417. 1812.
Trees, to 20 m tall, d.b.h. to 50 cm. Bark blackish brown, ±persistent, rigid. Branchlets at first flat and ridged but becoming
terete, puberulous. Leaves clustered at apex of branches, pseudowhorled; petiole 1–2 cm, flattened; leaf blade oblong to ovatelanceolate, 7–15 × 3–7 cm, leathery, abaxially sometimes grayish, adaxially with subdermal pellucid punctate oily glands,

secondary veins 12–18 on each side of midvein, 3–6 mm apart,at an angle of 50°–60° from midvein, and abaxially slightly
raised, reticulate veins conspicuous, base cuneate, apex acuminate to sharply pointed. Cymes axillary, 2–3 cm, 3–7-flowered;peduncle 0.6–1.5 cm. Pedicel 3–6 mm. Hypanthium obconic,
4–5 mm, grayish white sericeous. Sepals triangular, 4–5 mm,
apex sharply pointed. Petals obovate-rounded, ca. 6 mm, outersurface pubescent. Stamen bundles 1–1.2 cm; filaments partly
distinct; anthers ca. 0.5 mm. Capsule semiglobose, 8–10 mm
in diam., enclosed in hypanthium, apex truncate. Fl. May–Jul,
fr. Aug–Sep.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, and Yunnan[native to Australia].

4. BAECKEA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 358. 1753.
岗松属 gang song shu
Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, sessile. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary or several arranged into cymes, white [or red],small, 5-merous, shortly pedicellate or sessile. Bracteoles 2, small, caducous. Calyx tube campanulate or semiglobose, usually adnate

MYRTACEAE

330

to ovary; lobes 5, membranous, persistent. Petals 5, suborbicular. Stamens 5–10, or 20, shorter than petals; filaments short; anthers
dorsifixed. Ovary inferior [semi-inferior or rarely superior], 2- or 3-loculed; ovules several per locule. Style short; stigma slightly
expanded. Capsule dehiscing, segments 2 or 3, 1–3-seeded or rarely more. Seeds reniform, angular; embryo straight; endosperm
absent; cotyledons small.
About 70 species: S and SE Asia, Australia; one species in China.

Baeckea chinensis Gaertner; B. cochinchinensis Blume; B.
frutescens var. brachyphylla Merrill & L. M. Perry; B. sumatrana Blume; Cedrela rosmarinus Loureiro.

1–1.5 mm. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 1.5 mm. Sepals 5,
triangular, small, apex acute. Petals white, distinct, rounded,ca. 1.5 mm, base clawed. Stamens 7–13 or less, 1–3-grouped
opposite each sepal. Ovary inferior, 2- or 3-loculed. Style
short, persistent. Capsule ca. 2 mm. Seeds flattened, angular.
Fl. summer.

Shrubs, sometimes small trees. Petiole 0.5–0.6 mm; leaf
blade linear, 5–10 × ca. 1 mm, abaxially with raised oil glands,
adaxially grooved, midvein 1, secondary veins absent, apex
sharp. Flowers axillary, solitary, small; bracts caducous. Pedicel

Thickets, slopes, low hills, open grasslands. Fujian, Guangdong,
Guangxi, Hainan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, New Guinea, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].

1. Baeckea frutescens Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 358. 1753.
岗松 gang song

5. RHODAMNIA Jack, Malayan Misc. 2(7): 48. 1822.
玫瑰木属 mei gui mu shu
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade tri- or tripliveined, abaxially usually white glaucous or tomentose.
Flowers small, clustered in leaf axils or arranged in cymes or racemes. Bracteoles small, caducous. Hypanthium subglobose, adnate
to ovary. Calyx lobes 4, persistent. Petals 4, larger than calyx lobes. Stamens numerous, arranged in many whorls, curved in bud;anthers dorsifixed, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, 1-loculed, with 2 parietal placentation; ovules many. Stylelinear; stigma peltate. Berry globose, apex with persistent calyx lobes. Seeds globose or depressed globose; seed coat hard; embryo
horseshoe-shaped; hypocotyl long; cotyledon short.
About 20 species: tropical Asia, Australia, New Caledonia; one species in China.

1. Rhodamnia dumetorum (Candolle) Merrill & L. M. Perry,
J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 195. 1938.
玫瑰木 mei gui mu
Trees, to 15 m tall. Branchlets terete, with grayish shorttrichomes; old branches brown, glabrescent. Petiole 5–10 mm,
pubescent; leaf blade lanceolate, narrowly elliptic, or ovate, 4–
10 × 2.5–3.5, leathery, abaxially grayish white or white tomentose and glabrescent or not, adaxially tomentose but glabrescent, secondary veins 1 on each side of midvein, originating 3–
4 mm from leaf blade base, and meeting at apex, intramarginalveins near margin, tertiary veins thin, ± parallel, and obvious
from both surfaces, base obtuse to nearly rounded, apex acuminate to acute. Inflorescences axillary or subapical, 1–3-floweredor sometimes several-flowered; peduncle ca. 1 cm. Flower buds
pyriform ca. 7 × 3.5 mm. Hypanthium ovoid, ca. 4 mm, white
tomentose. Calyx lobes ovate, 1.5–2 mm, pubescent. Petals
white, obovate, ca. 6 mm, outside with white trichomes. Stamens
yellow, many, 4–5 mm. Berry ca. 8 × 6 mm, pubescent. Fl. Jun–Jul.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests; low elevations to 600 m. Hainan[Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].

1a. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 6–10 ×
2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially glabrescent, apex
acuminate ............................................. 1a. var. dumetorum

1b. Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 4–6.5 ×
2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially not glabrescent,apex acute ........................................... 1b. var. hainanensis
1a. Rhodamnia dumetorum var. dumetorum玫瑰木(原变种) mei gui mu (yuan bian zhong)Eugenia dumetorum Candolle, Prodr. 3: 284. 1828, basedon Myrtus trinervia Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 312. 1790[“triinervia”]; M. dumetorum Poiret, nom. illeg. superfl.; Nelitris
trinervia (Loureiro) Sprengel; Rhodamnia siamensis Craib.
Trees, to 6 m tall. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic to lanceolate, 6–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially glabrescent, apex acuminate.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests; low elevations. Hainan [Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].

1b. Rhodamnia dumetorum var. hainanensis Merrill & L. M.
Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 196. 1938.
海南玫瑰木 hai nan mei gui mu
Trees, to 15 m tall. Leaf blade ovate to lanceolate, 4–6.5 ×
2.5–3.5 cm, abaxially with persistent trichomes, apex acute.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests; ca. 600 m. S Hainan.

6. RHODOMYRTUS (Candolle) Reichenbach, Deut. Bot. Herb.-Buch 177. 1841.
桃金娘属 tao jin niang shu
Myrtus sect. Rhodomyrtus Candolle, Prodr. 3: 240. 1828.

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331

Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, tripliveined, petiolate. Inflorescences axillary, 1[–3]-flowered. Hypanthium ovoid to subglobose. Calyx lobes 4 to 5, leathery, persistent. Petals 4 or 5, larger than calyx lobes. Stamens many, separate, in many whorls, usuallyshorter than petals; anthers dorsifixed to nearly basifixed, versatile, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, adnate to hypanthium,3(or 4)-loculed; ovules arranged in 2 lines in each locule. Style linear; stigma capitate or peltate. Berry ovoid, urceolate, or globose.
Seeds many, flat, reniform, separated by longitudinal septa and a false transverse septum; seed coat hard; embryo curved or spiral;
hypocotyl long; cotyledons small.
About 18 species: tropical Asia, Australia, SW Pacific islands; one species in China.

1. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa (Aiton) Hasskarl, Flora 25(Beibl.):35. 1842.
桃金娘 tao jin niang
Myrtus tomentosa Aiton, Hort. Kew. 2: 159. 1789; M.
canescens Loureiro.
Shrubs, 1–2 m tall. Branchlets grayish tomentose. Leaves
opposite; petiole 4–7 mm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 3–8 ×
1–4 cm, leathery, pubescent when young but glabrescent andshiny with age, abaxially gray tomentose, secondary veins 1 oneach side of midvein, originating near leaf blade base, andmeeting at apex, tertiary veins 4–6 on each side of midvein andconnecting midvein to secondary veins, reticulate veins obvious, intramarginal veins 3–4 mm from margin, base broadly
cuneate, apex rounded to obtuse and often slightly emarginate
or sometimes slightly apiculate. Flowers 1[–3], stipitate, 2–4
cm in diam. Hypanthium obovoid, ca. 6 mm, gray tomentose.
Calyx lobes 5, subrounded, 4–5 mm, persistent. Petals 5, violet,
obovate, 1.3–2 cm. Stamens red, 7–8 mm. Ovary 3(or 4)loculed. Style ca. 1 cm. Berry purplish black when mature,urceolate, 1.5–2 × 1–1.5 cm. Fl. Apr–May.
Coppices, mountain slopes, low hills, grasslands. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, S Hunan, Jiangxi, Taiwan, S Yunnan, Zhejiang [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Japan (Ryukyu Islands), Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Vietnam].

7. EUGENIA Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753.
番樱桃属 fan ying tao shu
Stenocalyx O. Berg.
Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade pinnately veined. Inflorescences axillary or often lateral below leaves.
Flowers bisexual, solitary or clustered. Hypanthium short. Calyx lobes 4. Petals 4. Stamens numerous; anthers parallel, longitudinallydehiscent. Ovary 2- or 3-loculed; ovules many per locule, amphitropous. Fruit a berry, with persistent sepals at apex. Seed usually 1,
embryo straight, with 2 fully or partly fused massive cotyledons.
About 1000 species: mostly in tropical America but also in Africa, S and SE Asia, Australia, Madagascar, Mascarenes, New Caledonia, and thePacific islands; one species commonly cultivated in S China.
In addition to Eugenia uniflora treated below, the following species are recorded as occasionally being cultivated in China: E. aherniana C. B.
Robinson, E. brasiliensis Lamarck, E. buxifolia Willdenow, E. dombeyi (Sprengel) Skeels, and E. pitanga Kiaerskov.

1. Eugenia uniflora Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753.
红果仔 hong guo zi
Eugenia brasiliana (Linnaeus) Aublet; E. michelii Lamarck,nom. illeg. superfl.; Myrtus brasiliana Linnaeus; Stenocalyx
michelii O. Berg, nom. illeg. superfl.; S. uniflorus (Linnaeus)
Kausel.
Shrubs or trees, to 5 m tall, generally glabrous. Petiole ca.
1.5 mm; leaf blade ovate to elliptic, 3.2–4.2 × 2.3–3 cm, papery,both surfaces dark green, glabrous, and with numerous pellucid
glands, secondary veins ca. 5 on each side of midvein, slightly
conspicuous, and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mm from margin, base rounded, slightly cordate, or cuneate, apex acuminate, mucronate, or obtuse. Flowers
white, slightly fragrant. Calyx lobes 4, long elliptic, reflexed.
Petals white. Berries dark red when ripe, globose, 1–2 cm indiam., 8-ridged, 1- or 2-seeded. Fl. spring.
Cultivated in Fujian, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native toSouth America (Brazil)].

8. PSIDIUM Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753.
番石榴属 fan shi liu shu
Guajava Miller.
Shrubs or small trees. Bark gray, smooth. Branchlets pubescent. Leaves opposite, petiolate; leaf blade pinnately veined. Flowers
axillary, large, usually 1 or 2 per axil. Bracts 2. Hypanthium campanulate or urceolate. Calyx lobes 4 or 5, unequal. Petals 4 or 5,
white. Stamens many, separate, in many whorls; anthers ellipsoid, basifixed, locules parallel, longitudinally dehiscent. Ovary inferior, adnate to hypanthium, 4- or 5-loculed or more; ovules numerous. Style linear; stigma expanded. Berry globose to pyriform,
fleshy, many-seeded, apex with persistent calyx lobes; placenta well developed, fleshy. Seed coat hard; embryo curved; hypocotyl
long; cotyledons short.

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332

About 150 species: tropical America; two species commonly cultivated in China with one naturalized.
Psidium guineense Swartz (P. laurifolium O. Berg) has also been recorded as occasionally being cultivated in China.

1a. Branchlets terete; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, abaxially glabrous, secondary veins obscure .............................. 1. P. cattleyanum
1b. Branchlets angled; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, abaxially pubescent, secondary veins obvious .................................. 2. P. guajava
1. Psidium cattleyanum Sabine, Trans. Hort. Soc. London 4:317. 1821 [“cattleianum”].
草莓番石榴 cao mei fan shi liu
Guajava cattleyana (Sabine) Kuntze; Psidium littorale
Raddi; P. variabile O. Berg.
Shrubs or trees, to 7 m tall. Bark grayish brown, smooth.
Branchlets terete. Leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 5–10 × 2–4
cm, thickly leathery, both surfaces glabrous, secondary veinsobscure, base cuneate, apex acute. Flowers axillary, solitary.
Hypanthium obconiform. Calyx lobes 4 or 5, long ovate. Petals
white, obovate, ca. 1 cm. Stamens shorter than petals. Ovary
adnate to hypanthium, 4-loculed. Style slender; stigma peltate.
Berry violet when mature, pyriform to globose, 2.5–4 cm; flesh
white, yellow, or reddish. Fl. summer.
Cultivated in Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native toSouth America (Brazil)].
Schroeder (J. Arnold Arbor. 27: 314–315. 1946) discussed thelikely publication dates of the names Psidium cattleyanum and P. littorale, both of which were published in 1821. Schroeder gave convincing reasons for P. cattleyanum having been published prior to P. littorale.

2. Psidium guajava Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753.
番石榴 fan shi liu
Guajava pyrifera (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Myrtus guajava (Linnaeus) Kuntze; Psidium pomiferum Linnaeus; P. pyriferum Linnaeus.
Trees, to 13 m tall. Bark gray, smooth, peeling in strips.
Branchlets angular, pubescent. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade
oblong to elliptic, 6–12 × 3.5–6 cm, leathery, abaxially pubescent, adaxially slightly rough, secondary veins 12–15 on eachside of midvein and usually impressed, reticulate veins obvious,
base rounded, apex acute to obtuse. Flowers solitary or 2 or 3 incymes. Hypanthium campanulate, ca. 5 mm, pubescent. Calyx
cap nearly rounded, 7–8 mm, irregularly opening. Petals white,
1–1.4 cm. Stamens 6–9 mm. Ovary adnate to hypanthium. Styleas long as stamens. Berry globose, ovoid, or pyriform, 3–8 cm,
with persistent calyx lobes at apex; flesh white or yellow; placenta reddish, well developed, fleshy. Seeds many. Fl. summer.
Cultivated and sometimes naturalized in Guangdong, Guangxi,
Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan, and Yunnan [native to tropical
America].
Psidium guajava has become naturalized in disturbed habitats inmany tropical parts of the world.

9. DECASPERMUM J. R. Forster & G. Forster, Char. Gen. Pl. 37. 1775.
子楝树属 zi lian shu shu
Nelitris Gaertner.
Shrubs or trees. Branchlets terete or 4-angled, glabrous or pubescent. Stipules small, filiform, caducous. Leaves opposite,
petiolate; leaf blade punctate, pinnately veined, with intramarginal veins. Inflorescences axillary and 1–3-flowered dichasia, racemes,or thyrses, sometimes terminal and paniculate. Flowers bisexual or sometimes staminate, 3–5-merous, often fragrant; bracteoles often
small, sometimes caducous. Hypanthium globose, urceolate, or obconiform. Calyx lobes sometimes subequal, persistent. Petals pinkor white, punctate. Stamens numerous, in several series; filaments filiform; anthers globular, dorsifixed, dehiscing by longitudinalslits; connectives usually terminating in an apical gland. Ovary 3–13-loculed, placentation axile; ovules 1–2[–4] per locule, collateral. Style filiform; stigma capitate or peltate. Fruit a berry, globular, vertically ribbed, usually 1- or 2-seeded per locule. Seeds
separated by a vertical false septum; seed coat and pericarp separate; testa bony; embryo horseshoe-shaped; radicle long; cotyledonsshort.
About 30 species: SE Asia, Australia, Pacific islands; eight species (five endemic) in China.
Specimens of Decaspermum have flowers that are either perfect or staminate, but it is unclear whether plants with staminate flowers are
andromonoecious or androdioecious.
The treatment and descriptions for Decaspermum are largely adapted from Scott (Kew Bull. 34: 59–67. 1979; 35: 403–411. 1980) except for
more recently described species. The genus name “Pyrenocarpa” (Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1975: 62. 1975),
which was not validly published because no type was indicated, was established on the basis of its possessing an 11–13-loculed ovary and fruit with asolitary ovule in each locule; however 9-loculed material of D. hainanense also has been observed. Given the variation in these characters elsewherein Decaspermum (ovary 3–10-loculed, ovules 2–4 per locule), it is considered that the two Chinese species assigned to “Pyrenocarpa” are better
included within the former genus.

1a. Inflorescences with flowers solitary or occasionally 2-flowered ........................................................................... 1. D. albociliatum
1b. Inflorescences dichasia, racemes, thyrses, or panicles.
2a. Flowers 3-merous; ovary 3-loculed ................................................................................................................... 2. D. gracilentum
2b. Flowers (3 or)4- or 5-merous; ovary 4–13-loculed.

MYRTACEAE

333

3a. Branchlets glabrous ........................................................................................................................................... 6. D. glabrum
3b. Branchlets sericeous, pubescent, or tomentose.
4a. Ovary 11–13-loculed.
5a. Branchlet angled; leaf blade oblong, secondary veins 20 on each side of midvein; peduncle
angled .............................................................................................................................................. 7. D. hainanense
5b. Branchlets terete; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, secondary veins 12–15 on each side of midvein;peduncle terete ........................................................................................................................................ 8. D. teretis
4b. Ovary 4–6-loculed.
6a. Leaf blade secondary veins 10–20 on each side of midvein, apex acute to acuminate and withan acumen to 2 cm ......................................................................................................................... 5. D. parviflorum
6b. Leaf blade secondary veins 5–10 on each side of midvein, apex obtuse, acute, or shortly
acuminate.
7a. Flowers (3 or)4-merous; calyx glabrous ................................................................................... 3. D. montanum
7b. Flowers 4- or 5-merous; calyx sparsely pubescent ....................................................... 4. D. austrohainanicum
1. Decaspermum albociliatum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 202. 1938.

ribbed, sparsely pubescent. Seeds 3–5 per fruit, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl.
Mar–May.

白毛子楝树 bai mao zi lian shu

Forests; low to middle elevations. Guangdong, Guangxi, S Guizhou, Hunan, Taiwan (Hengchun Peninsula, Lan Yu) [Vietnam].

Shrubs, to 4 m tall. Branchlets terete, slender, wooly withlong trichomes. Petiole 1–2 mm, tomentose; leaf blade narrowly ovate to oblong-lanceolate, 2.5–6 × 1–2.5 cm, subleathery to
stiffly papery, sericeous with long trichomes when young but
becoming sparsely pubescent, midvein abaxially raised andadaxially impressed, secondary veins 8–10 on each side of midvein and inconspicuous, base obtuse, apex long acuminate witha 0.5–1.5 cm acumen. Flowers bisexual, axillary, solitary or occasionally 2, 5-merous, white villous; bracteoles linear, 5–7 mm,
persistent, villous. Open flowers unknown. Fruit subglobose, 4–5 mm in diam., 6-loculed, 6-ribbed, pubescent; persistent calyx
lobes narrowly triangular, 3–5 × ca. 1 mm, pubescent. Seeds 2
per locule, ca. 2 mm. Fr. Mar–May.
● Forests; 200–400 m. Hainan (Baoting).

2. Decaspermum gracilentum (Hance) Merrill & L. M. Perry,
J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 202. 1938.
子楝树 zi lian shu
Eugenia gracilenta Hance, J. Bot. 23: 7. 1885; Decaspermum esquirolii (H. Léveillé) Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao; E.
esquirolii H. Léveillé; Syzygium gracilentum (Hance) Hu.
Shrubs or trees, to 4 m tall. Branchlets often 4-angled or
narrowly 4-winged, sparsely sericeous. Petiole 2–5 mm, glabrous; leaf blade elliptic to ovate, rarely lanceolate or obovate,
abaxially subglabrous, adaxially glossy green turning blackish
when dry, secondary veins 5–9 on each side of midvein, ascending, abaxially faint, and adaxially raised, intramarginal veins
1–2 mm from margin, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate
with a 0.5–1 cm acumen. Inflorescences axillary or lateral below leaves, racemes or thyrses, to 6 cm; axes sparsely sericeous; bracts ovate, ca. 1 mm, caducous, each commonly with apair of flowers or dichasia in axil. Flowers bisexual or staminate, 3-merous; bracteoles ovate, ca. 0.5 mm, caducous. Hypanthium campanulate to funnel-shaped, ca. 1 mm, sericeous. Calyx lobes 1–1.5 × 1–1.5 mm, unequal, sparsely pubescent, apex
obtuse to truncate. Petals white, orbicular, ca. 3 mm, margin
ciliate. Stamens ca. 4 mm. Ovary 3-loculed. Style ca. 4 mm;stigma peltate. Fruit black, globular, 3–5 mm in diam., 3–5-

3. Decaspermum montanum Ridley, J. Straits Branch Roy.
Asiat. Soc. 61: 6. 1912.
柬埔寨子楝树 jian pu zhai zi lian shu
Decaspermum cambodianum Gagnepain; Eugenia ciliaris
Ridley; E. multipunctata Merrill.
Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets sparsely sericeous. Petiole
3–10 mm; leaf blade obovate to oblanceolate, 2.7–9 × 1.8–4.2
cm, stiffly papery to leathery, abaxially glabrous, adaxially glossy
and turning blackish when dry, secondary veins 5–7 on eachside of midvein and ascending, intramarginal veins 1–2 mmfrom margin, base cuneate to attenuate, margin revolute, apex
acute, shortly acuminate, or sometimes obtuse. Inflorescences
axillary or lateral below leaves, dichasia, racemes, or thyrses, to
4 cm, 3-flowered, branches terete and glabrous; bracts small,caducous. Flowers (3 or)4-merous, bisexual or staminate; bracteoles ovate, ca. 1 mm, caducous. Hypanthium campanulate tofunnel-shaped, 1–1.5 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes obtuse to truncate, 1–1.5 × 1–2 mm, unequal, glabrous or ciliate. Petals white,
orbicular, ca. 3 mm, ciliate. Stamens white, ca. 3 mm. Ovary 4loculed. Style ca. 3 mm; stigma capitate. Fruit dark purple, globular, 3–5 mm in diam., 5- or 6-ribbed, glabrous. Seeds 3–5 per
fruit, ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Apr–May.
Forests; middle to high elevations. Hainan [Cambodia, Malaysia,
Thailand, Vietnam].

4. Decaspermum austrohainanicum Hung T. Chang & R. H.
Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 24. 1982.
琼南子楝树 qiong nan zi lian shu
Shrubs. Branchlets grayish brown pubescent. Petiole 4–7mm; leaf blade obovate, 3–5 × 1.7–2.6 cm, stiffly papery toleathery, abaxially brown when dry, adaxially reddish brownand glossy when dry, abaxially glabrous, adaxially densely impressed punctate, secondary veins 5–7 on each side of midvein,base cuneate, margin revolute, apex abruptly acute with an
obtuse acumen. Inflorescences axillary, dichasia, racemes, or
thyrses but sometimes solitary; bracts oblong to lanceolate, 2–4

MYRTACEAE

334mm, pubescent. Flowers 5-merous, only staminate seen; bracteoles scalelike. Hypanthium sparsely pubescent. Calyx lobes 5,
broadly ovate, less than 1 mm, grayish pubescent. Petals 5,
ovate, ca. 2 mm, outside sparsely pubescent. Stamens as long as
petals, glabrous. Ovary rudimentary. Fruit not seen.
● S Hainan (Yaxian: Yanglin Shan).

● Mountain slopes. SW Guangdong (Zhanjiang Diqu).
This species is known only from type gathering.

7. Decaspermum hainanense (Merrill) Merrill, Lingnan Sci. J.
14: 42. 1935.
海南子楝树 hai nan zi lian shu

This species is known only from type gathering.

5. Decaspermum parviflorum (Lamarck) A. J. Scott, Kew Bull.
34: 66. 1979.
五瓣子楝树 wu ban zi lian shu
Eugenia parviflora Lamarck, Encycl. 3: 200. 1789;
Decaspermum paniculatum (Lindley) Kurz; Myrtus parviflora(Lamarck) Sprengel; Nelitris paniculata Lindley; N. parviflora(Lamarck) Blume; Pyrus bodinieri H. Léveillé.
Shrubs or trees, to 20 m tall. Branchlets terete, grayish tomentose or sericeous. Petiole 3–7 mm, pubescent or glabrous;
leaf blade elliptic, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, 4–13 × 1.2–6
cm, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, midvein abaxially slightly
raised, secondary veins inconspicuous, intramarginal veins 1–2
mm from margin, base cuneate to obtuse, apex usually acuminate with a 0.5–2 cm acumen. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, when axillary then thyrses or rarely some flowers in racemes in more basal axils, when terminal then paniculately
arranged and to 9 cm; bracts ovate-lanceolate, 0.5–2 cm, usually caducous. Flowers bisexual or staminate, (4 or)5-merous;
bracteoles lanceolate, 1–1.5 mm, caducous. Hypanthium sericeous, 1–1.5 mm. Calyx lobes to 1–2 × 1–2 mm, unequal, ±glabrous, margin ciliate, apex obtuse to sometimes truncate or
acute. Petals white or pink, orbicular, 3–4 mm, margin ciliate.
Stamens 3–4 mm; filaments pink or white. Ovary 4–6-loculed. Style 3–6 mm; stigma peltate. Fruit 3–5 mm in diam.,sparsely pubescent. Seeds 3–12 per fruit. Fl. spring–summer.
Scrub, forests; below 2000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou,
Hainan, Xizang (Cona), Yunnan [Cambodia, NE India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam; Pacific islands].
Plants treated in FRPS (53(1): 126. 1984) as Decaspermum fruticosum J. R. Forster & G. Forster belong here.

6. Decaspermum glabrum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 25. 1982.
秃子楝树 tu zi lian shu
Shrubs. Branchlets reddish brown when dry, slender, terete,
glabrous. Petiole 3–5 mm, slender, glabrous; leaf blade ovatelanceolate to lanceolate, 2.5–5 × 1–1.7 cm, stiffly papery, abaxially brown when dry, adaxially shinny black when dry, abaxially densely punctate and glabrous, secondary veins inconspicuous, base cuneate to obtuse, apex acuminate. Inflorescences
axillary, dichasia, racemes, or thyrses, 4–9-flowered; peduncle
slender, glabrous; bracts leaflike, 6–8 mm. Flowers 4-merous,
only staminate known; bracteoles subulate, ca. 2 mm, glabrous.
Hypanthium glabrous. Calyx lobes triangular ovate, ca. 1.5 mm,
glabrous, apex acute. Petals obovate, 2–2.5 mm, margin sparsely ciliate. Stamens as long as petals. Ovary rudimentary.

Eugenia hainanensis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 23: 255. 1923.
Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets 4-angled, grayish brown
tomentose. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade oblong, 5–9 × 2–2.5
cm, both surfaces at first pubescent, glabrescent, abaxially yellowish green when dry, adaxially dark green and shiny whendry, secondary veins ca. 20 on each side of midvein, at an angleof ca. 65° from midvein, and obscure, intramarginal veins ca. 1
mm from margin, base cuneate, apex slightly apiculate with an
obtuse tip. Inflorescences in axil of apical leaves, cymose paniculate, 4–8 cm, many-flowered; bracts obovate. Flowers 1.7–
2 cm in diam.; bracteoles elliptic, ca. 3 mm, pubescent. Hypanthium 2–2.5 mm. Calyx lobes 5, broadly ovate, ca. 2 mm, pubescent. Petals 5, white, ovate, 7–8 × 4–5 mm, glandular, apex
pointed. Stamens pink to red, 7–8 mm; filaments with some trichomes. Ovary 9–13-loculed. Style 7–8 mm; stigma expanded.
Fruit depressed globose, 7–8 mm in diam., 9–13-loculed. Fl.
Feb–Jul.
● Forests, thickets on clay, humus-rich soils; 400–2500 m. Hainan.
“Pyrenocarpa hainanensis” (Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1975: 63. 1975) belongs here but was not
validly published because the genus name “Pyrenocarpa” was not validly published (see comment following genus description above).

8. Decaspermum teretis Craven, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 27. 2006.
圆枝子楝树 yuan zhi zi lian shu
Trees, to 30 m tall. Branchlets terete, grayish brown tomentose. Petiole 6–10 mm, tomentose; leaf blade elliptic to obovate, 7–8 × 2.5–3.7 cm, leathery, abaxially yellowish green
when dry, adaxially dark green and slightly shiny when dry,both surfaces at first pubescent but glabrescent, secondary veins
12–15 on each side of midvein, at an angle of ca. 75° from midvein, and obscure, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin,base cuneate, apex acute. Inflorescences in axil of terminal leaves,cymose, 2.5–4 cm, 3–8-flowered; bracts leaflike, oblong, 10–15
× 5–8 mm. Flowers ca. 1.5 cm in diam.; bracteoles lanceolate,ca. 3 mm, pubescent. Hypanthium obovoid, ca. 2.5 mm in diam.,
tomentose. Calyx lobes 5, suborbicular, ca. 2.5 mm, apex rounded. Petals 5, white, obovate, ca. 6 mm, glandular, apex rounded.
Stamens red, longer than petals; filaments pubescent. Ovary 11or 12-loculed. Style as long as stamens; stigma expanded. Fruitsubglobose, ca. 1 cm in diam., 11- or 12-furrowed, pubescent,11- or 12-loculed. Fl. Jul.
● S Hainan.
“Pyrenocarpa teretis” (Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Sci.
Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni 1975: 64. 1975) belongs here but was not validly
published because the genus name “Pyrenocarpa” was not validly published (see comment following genus description above).

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10. SYZYGIUM P. Browne ex Gaertner, Fruct. Sem. Pl. 1: 166. 1788, nom. cons.,
not Suzygium P. Browne (1756).
蒲桃属 pu tao shu
Acmena Candolle; Caryophyllus Linnaeus (1753), not Miller (1754); Cleistocalyx Blume; Jambosa Adanson, nom. cons.
Trees or shrubs. Branchlets sometimes 2–4-ridged, usually glabrous. Leaves opposite or sometimes whorled, petiolate to subsessile; leaf blade densely to sometimes sparsely pinnately veined. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, usually panicles of cymes, 3to many-flowered; bracts small, caducous after flowering. Flowers stipitate or not. Hypanthium obconic or sometimes clavate. Calyx
lobes 4 or 5 or rarely more, usually short, caducous or persistent, apex usually obtuse, rarely connate and then calyptrate. Petals 4 or
5 or rarely more, distinct and then expanding separately or coherent and then caducous as a unit. Stamens numerous, distinct but
occasionally slightly adhering at base; anthers minute, versatile, 2-celled, cells parallel or divergent, dehiscing longitudinally or by ashort terminal slit; connectives usually terminating in an apical gland. Ovary inferior, 2 or 3-loculed; ovules many per locule. Stylelinear. Fruit drupaceous, 1(or 2)-seeded. Seeds sometimes with or without a testa, often with a pseudotesta ± adhering to pericarp,
rarely with intrusive branching tissue extending into and interlocking cotyledons; embryo usually uniembryonic, sometimes polyembryonic.
About 1200 species: tropical Africa, subtropical to tropical Asia, Australia, New Caledonia, New Zealand, Pacific islands; 80 species (45 endemic, two introduced) in China.
Syzygium is treated here in a broad sense with Acmena and Cleistocalyx included within it. Morphological and anatomical investigations, andmolecular sequence studies of chloroplast and nuclear regions, provide support for such an expanded concept (Amer. J. Bot. 59: 423–436. 1972; Bot.
Jahrb. Syst. 92: 433–489. 1972; Proc. Fourth Fl. Mal. Symp. 75–85. 2001; Austral. Syst. Bot. 17: 63–72. 2004; Taxon 55: 79–94. 2006).
In addition to the cultivated species treated here, both Syzygium aqueum (N. L. Burman) Alston (Eugenia aquea N. L. Burman) and S. grande(Wight) Walpers (E. grandis Wight) have been recorded as being cultivated in China.

Key based on flowering material
Flowers are not known in Syzygium album, S. buxifolioideum, S. guangxiense, S. hainanense, S. jienfunicum, S. lasianthifolium, S. melanophyllum, and S. wenshanense.

1a. Calyx calyptrate.
2a. Leaf blade oblong to elliptic, secondary veins 8 or 9 on each side of midvein; inflorescences axillary ................. 2. S. nervosum
2b. Leaf blade ovate to obovate, secondary veins 2–5 on each side of midvein; inflorescences terminal .... 3. S. conspersipunctatum
1b. Calyx lobes distinct.
3a. Petals coherent, falling as a cap at anthesis.
4a. Inflorescences axillary or lateral below leaves.
5a. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
6a. Hypanthium clavate.
7a. Hypanthium ca. 2 cm .............................................................................................................................. 15. S. taiwanicum
7b. Hypanthium to 1.2 cm.
8a. Branchlets grayish white when dry; petiole 2–3 mm .......................................................................... 16. S. championii
8b. Branchlets blackish brown when dry; petiole 9–14 mm .............................................................................. 42. S. rockii
6b. Hypanthium obconic or pyriform, not clavate.
9a. Branchlets gray or grayish white when dry.
10a. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic ............................................................................................................... 29. S. salwinense
10b. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate, obovate-elliptic, or oblong.
11a. Leaf blade 12–18 cm ...................................................................................................................... 25. S. tetragonum
11b. Leaf blade 4.5–6 cm ..................................................................................................................... 72. S. formosanum
9b. Branchlets blackish brown or dark brown when dry.
12a. Petiole 3–6 mm .............................................................................................................................. 30. S. sterrophyllum
12b. Petiole 10–18 mm.
13a. Flower buds ca. 5 mm; calyx lobes inconspicuous ............................................................................. 31. S. forrestii
13b. Flower buds 8–9 mm; calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm ......................................................................................... 42. S. rockii
5b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
14a. Hypanthium clavate or shortly clavate.
15a. Style 15–20 mm .................................................................................................................................... 21. S. claviflorum
15b. Style 3–5 mm.
16a. Leaf blade intramarginal veins 3–4 mm from margin; hypanthium 6–8 mm ...................................... 20. S. baviense
16b. Leaf blade intramarginal veins near margin; hypanthium 10–12 mm.
17a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 75° from midvein, apex acute ............................... 18. S. rysopodum
17b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 40° from midvein, apex acuminate .................... 19. S. stenocladum

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14b. Hypanthium obconic, long pyriform, or campanulate, not clavate.
18a. Leaf blade intramarginal veins 2–3 mm from margin.
19a. Branchlets grayish white when dry; secondary veins 11–13 on each side of midvein .................... 27. S. balsameum
19b. Branchlets light brown when dry; secondary veins 8 or 9 on each side of midvein ................................. 46. S. simile
18b. Leaf blade intramarginal veins usually 1(–1.5) mm or less from margin.
20a. Petiole 3–5 mm; stamens 7–8 mm ............................................................................................. 50. S. kwangtungense
20b. Petiole 7–20 mm; stamens 3–6 mm.
21a. Branchlets grayish white or gray when dry.
22a. Leaf blade 6–12 cm ............................................................................................................................ 57. S. cumini22b. Leaf blade 4.5–6 cm .................................................................................................................. 72. S. formosanum
21b. Branchlets dark brown, blackish brown, red, or brown when dry.
23a. Leaf oil glands sparse ....................................................................................................................... 31. S. forrestii
23b. Leaf oil glands numerous.
24a. Leaf blade 4–7 × 2.4–3.5 cm ................................................................................................ 56. S. rehderianum
24b. Leaf blade 9–12 × 4–6 cm ............................................................................................................ 76. S. oblatum
4b. Inflorescences terminal.
25a. Hypanthium clavate.
26a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–10 mm apart .................................................................................. 11. S. austroyunnanense
26b. Leaf blade secondary veins to 3 mm apart.
27a. Branchlets terete or compressed.
28a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 75° from midvein; branchlets brown when dry ....... 18. S. rysopodum
28b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 40° from midvein; branchlets grayish whitewhen dry ........................................................................................................................................... 19. S. stenocladum
27b. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
29a. Petiole 2–3 mm; branchlets grayish white when dry; leaf blade adaxially dull when dry ............... 16. S. championii
29b. Petiole ca. 10 mm; branchlets blackish brown when dry; leaf blade adaxially glossy when dry ............. 42. S. rockii
25b. Hypanthium obconic, funnel-shaped, or campanulate.
30a. Branchlets quadrate or 4-angled or quadrangular.
31a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–10 mm apart .............................................................................. 11. S. austroyunnanense
31b. Leaf blade secondary veins to 3 mm apart.
32a. Petiole ca. 10 mm; leaf blade elliptic to obovate.
33a. Branchlets blackish brown when dry; leaf blade 8–10 cm ..................................................................... 42. S. rockii
33b. Branchlets grayish white when dry; leaf blade 5–6 cm ................................................................ 68. S. euphlebium
32b. Petiole to 5 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, linear, or narrowly oblong.
34a. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, base slightly cordate .......................................................................... 32. S. tephrodes
34b. Leaf blade linear to narrowly oblong, base rounded to slightly obtuse .............................................. 36. S. tsoongii
30b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
35a. Leaf blade base rounded to slightly cordate ............................................................................................. 51. S. bullockii
35b. Leaf blade base cuneate, obtuse, or attenuate.
36a. Petiole to 5 mm.
37a. Leaf blade apex obtuse to rounded.
38a. Stamens 4–8 mm.
39a. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5–8 cm, base broadly cuneate to obtuse ............ 50. S. kwangtungense
39b. Leaf blade elliptic to obovate-oblong, 3–5 cm, base cuneate ............................................... 52. S. paucivenium
38b. Stamens to 3 mm.
40a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–9 mm apart ................................................................................. 23. S. cinereum
40b. Leaf blade secondary veins to 3 mm apart ....................................................................................... 70. S. howii
37b. Leaf blade apex acute, acuminate, or caudate-acuminate.
41a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 40°–45° from midvein.
42a. Leaf blade 3–7 cm, abaxially olive green when dry ................................................................. 47. S. odoratum
42b. Leaf blade 8–12 cm, abaxially pale brown when dry ......................................................... 55. S. myrsinifolium
41b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of more than 50° from midvein.
43a. Hypanthium ca. 3 mm; petals 2–3 mm ............................................................................ 50. S. kwangtungense
43b. Hypanthium 4–5 mm; petals ca. 5 mm ........................................................................................ 76. S. oblatum
36b. Petiole more than 5 mm.
44a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 40°–45° from midvein.
45a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–9 mm apart; hypanthium ca. 3.5 mm ............................................ 23. S. cinereum
45b. Leaf blade secondary veins ca. 1.5 mm apart; hypanthium 4–7 mm ..................................... 55. S. myrsinifolium
44b. Leaf blade secondary veins at ca. 60° or more from midvein.

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337

46a. Leaf blade apex usually obtuse to slightly acuminate.
47a. Petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade 6–8 cm ................................................................................... 54. S. densinervium
47b. Petiole 0.8–1.2 cm; leaf blade 4.5–6 cm ............................................................................... 72. S. formosanum
46b. Leaf blade apex acuminate.
48a. Hypanthium ca. 2 mm; secondary veins less than 1 mm apart ............................................... 49. S. chunianum
48b. Hypanthium 3–5 mm; secondary veins more than 2 mm apart.
49a. Leaf blade 5–6 cm ............................................................................................................... 68. S. euphlebium
49b. Leaf blade 9–14 cm.
50a. Leaf blade base rounded to broadly cuneate ......................................................................... 76. S. oblatum
50b. Leaf blade base cuneate.
51a. Leaf blade oblong to ovate-lanceolate, abaxially dark brown when dry .................... 45. S. kusukusense
51b. Leaf blade elliptic, abaxially green when dry ............................................................. 53. S. toddalioides
3b. Petals distinct.
52a. Inflorescences axillary or lateral below leaves.
53a. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
54a. Hypanthium clavate, 1.3–2 cm.
55a. Petiole 4–5 mm; leaf blade base broadly cuneate; hypanthium ca. 2 cm ........................................... 15. S. taiwanicum
55b. Petiole very short (leaves sometimes nearly sessile); leaf blade base usually slightly cordate;hypanthium ca. 1.3 cm ........................................................................................................................... 17. S. boisianum
54b. Hypanthium not clavate, less than 0.8 cm.
56a. Petiole to 5 mm.
57a. Leaf blade apex acuminate .............................................................................................................. 34. S. tenuirhachis
57b. Leaf blade apex obtuse to slightly acute ..................................................................................................... 38. S. grijsii
56b. Petiole more than 7 mm.
58a. Leaf blade secondary veins 8–10 mm apart, apex slightly acute ...................................................... 13. S. cathayense
58b. Leaf blade secondary veins 2–3 mm apart or dense, apex acuminate.
59a. Flower buds ca. 5 mm ......................................................................................................................... 31. S. forrestii
59b. Flower buds 8–9 mm ............................................................................................................................... 42. S. rockii
53b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
60a. Leaf blade apex obtuse, rounded, or acute.
61a. Leaf blade secondary veins more than 6 mm apart.
62a. Style 4–5 mm ...................................................................................................................................... 28. S. xizangense
62b. Style 15–30 mm.
63a. Leaf blade secondary veins 8–12 on each side of midvein .................................................... 5. S. polypetaloideum
63b. Leaf blade secondary veins 14–25 on each side of midvein.
64a. Petals 10–13 mm ...................................................................................................................... 6. S. samarangense
64b. Petals ca. 3 mm ........................................................................................................................... 21. S. claviflorum
61b. Leaf blade secondary veins to 5 mm apart.
65a. Petiole 9–14 mm.
66a. Hypanthium broadly obconic, ca. 1 cm; stamens 10–13 mm ...................................................... 12. S. malaccense
66b. Hypanthium clavate, 1–1.2 cm; stamens 1–4 mm ......................................................................... 18. S. rysopodum65b. Petiole to 7 mm.
67a. Petals ca. 1 mm; hypanthium ca. 1.5 mm ............................................................................................. 61. S. hancei
67b. Petals 2.5–4 mm; hypanthium 3–3.5 mm.
68a. Petiole ca. 2 mm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate ................................................................................ 59. S. fluviatile68b. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic ........................................................................... 74. S. levinei
60b. Leaf blade apex acuminate.
69a. Petals 8–15 mm.
70a. Hypanthium clavate ......................................................................................................................... 19. S. stenocladum70b. Hypanthium obconic.
71a. Stamens ca. 0.6 cm .............................................................................................................................. 31. S. forrestii
71b. Stamens 1.5–2.8 cm.
72a. Calyx lobes 5–8 mm; secondary veins 8–25 on each side of midvein ............................................... 4. S. jambos
72b. Calyx lobes ca. 3 mm; secondary veins 8–12 on each side of midvein .............................. 5. S. polypetaloideum
69b. Petals 1–6 mm.
73a. Hypanthium clavate or shortly clavate.
74a. Leaf blade 1–1.5 cm wide; hypanthium ca. 7 mm ....................................................................... 64. S. araiocladum74b. Leaf blade 2–8 cm wide; hypanthium 8–15 mm.
75a. Leaf blade base usually slightly cordate; style ca. 5 mm ............................................................ 17. S. boisianum

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75b. Leaf blade base broadly cuneate; style 15–20 mm ..................................................................... 21. S. claviflorum
73b. Hypanthium obconic, turbinate, semiglobose, or broadly funnel-shaped.
76a. Petals 4–6 mm.
77a. Leaf blade secondary veins 12–16 on each side of midvein and 5–7 mm apart ................... 14. S. gongshanense
77b. Leaf blade secondary veins 9–12 on each side of midvein and 8–16 mm apart.
78a. Calyx lobes ca. 3 mm; leaf blade abaxially brownish when dry, secondary veins at anangle of ca. 55° from midvein ....................................................................................................... 8. S. laosense
78b. Calyx lobes 1.5–2 mm; leaf blade abaxially pale green when dry, secondary veins at anangle of ca. 75° from midvein .................................................................................................. 28. S. xizangense
76b. Petals 1–3 mm.
79a. Branchlets gray or grayish white when dry.
80a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 45° from midvein and 8–13 mm apart ............... 24. S. yunnanense
80b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle ca. 60° from midvein and 2–3 mm apart ........... 60. S. euonymifolium
79b. Branchlets rufescent brown to dark brown when dry.
81a. Stamens 1.5–2.5 mm; style to 2.5 mm ..................................................................................... 58. S. fruticosum
81b. Stamens 4–8 mm; style 6–8 mm.
82a. Petiole 10–15 mm; leaf blade base narrowly cuneate ....................................................... 77. S. nanpingense
82b. Petiole 5–8 mm; leaf blade base broadly cuneate ............................................................... 78. S. bubengense
52b. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal.
83a. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
84a. Petiole 10–15 mm.
85a. Calyx lobes 3–4 mm .................................................................................................................. 11. S. austroyunnanense
85b. Calyx lobes 0.5–1.5 mm.
86a. Leaf blade elliptic, 8–10 cm, adaxially olive green and glossy when dry ................................................. 42. S. rockii
86b. Leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 5–6 cm, adaxially dark olive green and dull when dry ................... 68. S. euphlebium
84b. Petiole 1–5 mm.
87a. Hypanthium ca. 13 mm .......................................................................................................................... 17. S. boisianum
87b. Hypanthium 2–3.5 mm.
88a. Leaf blade 1.5–3 cm.
89a. Stamens and style ca. 2.5 mm ......................................................................................................... 37. S. buxifolium
89b. Stamens and style ca. 5 mm .................................................................................................................... 38. S. grijsii
88b. Leaf blade (2.5–)3–10 cm.
90a. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic.
91a. Leaf blade adaxially blackish brown when dry, base cuneate, apex acuminate ....................... 43. S. szemaoense
91b. Leaf blade adaxially greenish brown when dry, base broadly cuneate, apex acute toslightly obtuse ......................................................................................................................... 44. S. austrosinense
90b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, narrowly oblong, oblong, or ovate-oblong.
92a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein ................................................... 41. S. handelii
92b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 60°–70° from midvein.
93a. Leaf blade base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate ................................................................ 34. S. tenuirhachis
93b. Leaf blade base cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate ................................................................ 40. S. sichuanense
83b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
94a. Branchlets pubescent; hypanthium villosulous ............................................................................................. 22. S. vestitum
94b. Branchlets glabrous; hypanthium glabrous.
95a. Hypanthium clavate or shortly clavate.
96a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 40° from midvein ................................................... 19. S. stenocladum
96b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 70°–85° from midvein.
97a. Leaf blade base suborbicular to obtuse, secondary veins at an angle of 80°–85° frommidvein ........................................................................................................................................... 65. S. zeylanicum
97b. Leaf blade base cuneate to broadly cuneate, secondary veins at an angle of 70°–75°
from midvein.
98a. Petiole 9–14 mm ......................................................................................................................... 18. S. rysopodum
98b. Petiole 2–3 mm ......................................................................................................................... 64. S. araiocladum
95b. Hypanthium obconic, campanulate, ellipsoid, or semiglobose.
99a. Hypanthium 6–20 mm.
100a. Calyx lobes 5–8 mm.
101a. Petals ca. 2 cm ......................................................................................................................... 7. S. megacarpum
101b. Petals 0.7–1.5 cm.
102a. Leaf blade apex acuminate to long acuminate ............................................................................... 4. S. jambos

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339

102b. Leaf blade apex acute ............................................................................................................. 9. S. globiflorum
100b. Calyx lobes 1–4 mm.
103a. Stamens 1.5–2 cm; calyx lobes 3–4 mm.
104a. Shrubs 2–3 m tall; petiole 4–6 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–2.5 cm
wide ................................................................................................................................ 5. S. polypetaloideum
104b. Trees to 12 m tall; petiole less than 4 mm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 5–8 cm
wide .................................................................................................................................... 6. S. samarangense
103b. Stamens 0.4–0.8 cm; calyx lobes 1–3 mm.
105a. Leaf blade adaxially grayish brown when dry, base broadly cuneate and slightly oblique ...... 8. S. laosense
105b. Leaf blade adaxially olive green when dry, base cuneate .......................................................... 10. S. imitans
99b. Hypanthium 2–5 mm.
106a. Petiole 10–15 mm.
107a. Leaf blade secondary veins 8–13 mm apart ............................................................................ 24. S. yunnanense
107b. Leaf blade secondary veins 1–2 mm apart.
108a. Leaf blade base obtuse to broadly cuneate and usually oblique, or wide and obtuse.
109a. Stamens ca. 3 mm; leaf blade adaxially blackish brown and dull when dry .......... 79. S. infrarubiginosum
109b. Stamens 5–7 mm; leaf blade adaxially dark brown and glossy when dry ............................ 80. S. lineatum
108b. Leaf blade base cuneate.
110a. Leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 8–12 cm .............................................................. 67. S. brachythyrsum
110b. Leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 5–6 cm ............................................................................. 68. S. euphlebium
106b. Petiole 2–8 mm.
111a. Leaf blade apex caudate-acuminate or acuminate.
112a. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic ................................................................................. 43. S. szemaoense
112b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate.
113a. Petals ca. 1 mm; stamens ca. 1 mm ........................................................................... 1. S. acuminatissimum
113b. Petals ca. 2 mm; stamens 4–5 mm .................................................................................. 40. S. sichuanense
111b. Leaf blade apex obtuse, rounded, acute, or abruptly mucronate.
114a. Stamens 5–8 mm.
115a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein ............................................. 74. S. levinei
115b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 80° from midvein ............................................ 75. S. thumra
114b. Stamens 1.5–4 mm.
116a. Leaf blade intramarginal veins essentially at margin ................................................................. 70. S. howii
116b. Leaf blade intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin.
117a. Hypanthium ca. 2 mm; stamens 1.5–2 mm ............................................................. 71. S. congestiflorum
117b. Hypanthium 4–5 mm; stamens 3–4 mm .............................................................................. 73. S. saxatile
Key based on fruiting material
Fruit are not known in Syzygium bubengense, S. cathayense, S. gongshanense, S. infrarubiginosum, S. laosense var. quocense, S. paucivenium,
S. rockii, S. saxatile, S. sichuanense, and S. xizangense.

1a. Infructescence axillary or lateral below leaves.
2a. Fruit 0.5–0.9 cm.
3a. Petiole 8–18 mm.
4a. Leaf blade secondary veins 2–3 mm apart or dense.
5a. Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 8 × 6 mm ................................................................................................................. 31. S. forrestii
5b. Fruit globose, 6–7 mm.
6a. Leaf blade adaxially brown and glossy when dry .................................................................................... 58. S. fruticosum
6b. Leaf blade adaxially grayish green and dull when dry ..................................................................... 60. S. euonymifolium
4b. Leaf blade secondary veins 8–13 mm apart.
7a. Branchlets light brown when dry; leaf blade secondary veins 8–9 on each side of midvein ............................. 46. S. simile
7b. Branchlets grayish white when dry; leaf blade secondary veins 10–13 on each side of midvein.
8a. Leaf blade apex acuminate ..................................................................................................................... 24. S. yunnanense
8b. Leaf blade apex acute to sometimes slightly obtuse ............................................................................... 27. S. balsameum
3b. Petiole 1–7 mm.
9a. Fruit ellipsoid .............................................................................................................................................. 30. S. sterrophyllum
9b. Fruit globose or subglobose.
10a. Branchlets grayish brown when dry ................................................................................................................. 74. S. levinei
10b. Branchlets blackish brown, dark brown or brown when dry.
11a. Branchlets quadrangular ................................................................................................................................ 38. S. grijsii
11b. Branchlets terete or compressed.

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12a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 40° from midvein ......................................................... 59. S. fluviatile
12b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 60°–70° from midvein.
13a. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5–8 cm ...................................................................... 50. S. kwangtungense
13b. Leaf blade ovate-long lanceolate, 3–5.5 cm ................................................................................ 64. S. araiocladum
2b. Fruit 1–5 cm.
14a. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
15a. Fruit clavate to ellipsoid.
16a. Leaf blade secondary veins 7–10 mm apart ....................................................................................... 26. S. lasianthifolium
16b. Leaf blade secondary veins 1–3 mm apart.
17a. Leaf blade narrowly ovate to oblong, base usually slightly cordate ..................................................... 17. S. boisianum
17b. Leaf blade narrowly oblong, elliptic, or long elliptic, base broadly cuneate.
18a. Branchlets grayish brown when dry ................................................................................................. 15. S. taiwanicum
18b. Branchlets grayish white when dry ................................................................................................... 16. S. championii
15b. Fruit globose or subglobose.
19a. Fruit 2.5–3 cm ......................................................................................................................................... 33. S. guangxiense19b. Fruit 1–1.5 cm.
20a. Leaf blade 12–18 cm ............................................................................................................................. 25. S. tetragonum
20b. Leaf blade 4–9 cm.
21a. Branchlets blackish brown when dry .............................................................................................. 34. S. tenuirhachis
21b. Branchlets gray or grayish white when dry.
22a. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, secondary veins ca. 25 on each side of midvein ............................. 29. S. salwinense
22b. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, secondary veins ca. 22 on each side of
midvein ......................................................................................................................................... 72. S. formosanum
14b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
23a. Calyx lobes or their vestiges absent.
24a. Leaf blade secondary veins 8–9 mm apart, at an angle of 45°–60° from midvein ...................................... 2. S. nervosum
24b. Leaf blade secondary veins 2–5 mm apart, at an angle of 65°–70° from midvein ..................... 3. S. conspersipunctatum
23b. Calyx lobes or their vestiges present.
25a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–15 mm apart.
26a. Calyx lobes ca. 1 mm.
27a. Leaf blade 4.5–6 cm ........................................................................................................................ 72. S. formosanum
27b. Leaf blade 8–21 cm.
28a. Leaf blade secondary veins 14–19 on each side of midvein, intramarginal veins 3–4 mmfrom margin ........................................................................................................................................ 20. S. baviense28b. Leaf blade secondary veins 18–25 on each side of midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mmfrom margin .................................................................................................................................... 21. S. claviflorum
26b. Calyx lobes more than 3 mm.
29a. Leaf blade intramarginal veins ca. 1.5 mm from margin ........................................................... 5. S. polypetaloideum
29b. Leaf blade intramarginal veins (or at least major one) 2–5 mm from margin.
30a. Leaf blade apex acuminate to long acuminate ........................................................................................ 4. S. jambos
30b. Leaf blade apex obtuse to acute.
31a. Petiole to 4 mm; leaf blade base narrow, rounded, or slightly cordate ................................... 6. S. samarangense
31b. Petiole ca. 10 mm; leaf blade base cuneate ............................................................................... 12. S. malaccense
25b. Leaf blade secondary veins 1–5 mm apart.
32a. Petiole more than 1 cm.
33a. Branchlets blackish brown or dark brown when dry.
34a. Leaf blade adaxially yellowish green ............................................................................................. 18. S. rysopodum
34b. Leaf blade adaxially light green ................................................................................................... 77. S. nanpingense
33b. Branchlets gray or grayish white when dry.
35a. Leaf blade 4.5–6 cm ..................................................................................................................... 72. S. formosanum
35b. Leaf blade 6–12 cm.
36a. Leaf blade apex rounded to obtuse and with a short cusp ................................................................. 57. S. cumini36b. Leaf blade apex acute and with a 1.5–2 cm cusp ....................................................................... 63. S. hainanense
32b. Petiole less than 1 cm.
37a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle to 50° from midvein.
38a. Leaf blade 3–4 cm; petiole 3–4 mm ......................................................................................... 62. S. buxifolioideum
38b. Leaf blade 4–7 cm; petiole 4–9 mm.
39a. Fruit clavoid to obovoid ............................................................................................................ 19. S. stenocladum
39b. Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid ................................................................................................................. 56. S. rehderianum

MYRTACEAE

341

37b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 60° or more from midvein.
40a. Fruit pyriform, ellipsoid, or long pot-shaped.
41a. Calyx lobes 5 ............................................................................................................................... 18. S. rysopodum
41b. Calyx lobes 4 ............................................................................................................................... 21. S. claviflorum
40b. Fruit globose.
42a. Leaf blade 9–12 cm .......................................................................................................................... 76. S. oblatum
42b. Leaf blade 3–7 cm.
43a. Petiole 3–6 mm ............................................................................................................................... 61. S. hancei
43b. Petiole 8–12 mm .................................................................................................................... 72. S. formosanum
1b. Infructescence terminal or subterminal.
44a. Fruit 0.5–0.9 cm.
45a. Branchlets terete or compressed.
46a. Petiole more than 10 mm.
47a. Leaf blade secondary veins 8–13 mm apart ............................................................................................ 24. S. yunnanense
47b. Leaf blade secondary veins less than 5 mm apart.
48a. Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid ................................................................................................................................... 31. S. forrestii
48b. Fruit globose .......................................................................................................................................... 49. S. chunianum
46b. Petiole to 9 mm.
49a. Branchlets brown, dark brown, reddish brown, or yellowish brown when dry.
50a. Leaf blade base rounded to obtuse ........................................................................................................ 65. S. zeylanicum
50b. Leaf blade base broadly cuneate to obtuse.
51a. Leaf blade apex obtuse to slightly acute ..................................................................................... 50. S. kwangtungense
51b. Leaf blade apex caudate-acuminate.
52a. Leaf blade adaxially reddish brown when dry ....................................................................................... 48. S. album
52b. Leaf blade adaxially olive green when dry .................................................................................. 64. S. araiocladum
49b. Branchlets gray, grayish white, or grayish brown when dry
53a. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong .......................................................................................... 47. S. odoratum
53b. Leaf blade obovate, oblanceolate, obovate-elliptic, elliptic, or ovate-elliptic.
54a. Leaf blade secondary veins 6–9 mm apart ........................................................................................... 23. S. cinereum
54b. Leaf blade secondary veins to 3 mm apart.
55a. Petiole ca. 1 mm ....................................................................................................................... 39. S. oblancilimbum
55b. Petiole 5–12 mm.
56a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 60° or more from midvein ................................. 49. S. chunianum
56b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein ...................................................... 74. S. levinei
45b. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
57a. Petiole 1–1.8 cm.
58a. Leaf blade ovate, 4–5.5 cm ................................................................................................................... 35. S. wenshanense
58b. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 6–18 cm.
59a. Calyx lobes 3–4 mm .................................................................................................................. 11. S. austroyunnanense
59b. Calyx lobes inconspicuous ......................................................................................................................... 31. S. forrestii
57b. Petiole to 0.6 cm.
60a. Leaf blade 6–13 cm.
61a. Leaf blade elliptic .............................................................................................................................. 44. S. austrosinense
61b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, lanceolate, or narrowly oblong.
62a. Leaf blade base slightly cordate .......................................................................................................... 32. S. tephrodes
62b. Leaf blade base narrowly cuneate to cuneate.
63a. Leaf blade abaxially brownish green when dry, secondary veins abruptly ascending frommidvein ....................................................................................................................................... 30. S. sterrophyllum
63b. Leaf blade abaxially yellowish brown when dry, secondary veins at an angle of ca. 45°
from midvein ....................................................................................................................................... 41. S. handelii
60b. Leaf blade to 5 cm.
64a. Leaves subsessile, blade base slightly cordate ....................................................................................... 32. S. tephrodes
64b. Leaves petiolate, blade base broadly cuneate, cuneate, or obtuse.
65a. Leaf blade elliptic, broadly elliptic, orbicular, obovate, or broadly obovate.
66a. Leaf blade adaxially dark brown when dry ..................................................................................... 37. S. buxifolium
66b. Leaf blade adaxially greenish brown when dry ......................................................................... 44. S. austrosinense
65b. Leaf blade linear, narrowly oblong, lanceolate, narrowly lanceolate, or oblanceolate.
67a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 55°–65° from midvein ..................................................... 36. S. tsoongii
67b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 45°–50° from midvein.

342

MYRTACEAE

68a. Branchlets blackish brown when dry ................................................................................................... 38. S. grijsii
68b. Branchlets yellowish brown or grayish brown when dry.
69a. Petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate ......................................................................... 39. S. oblancilimbum
69b. Petiole 3–4 mm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong .......................................................... 41. S. handelii
44b. Fruit 1–5 cm.
70a. Calyx lobes 3–8 mm.
71a. Leaf blade secondary veins 2–3 mm apart ................................................................................................. 69. S. jienfunicum
71b. Leaf blade secondary veins more than 5 mm apart.
72a. Petiole almost absent to 4 mm ............................................................................................................... 6. S. samarangense
72b. Petiole (4–)5–20 mm.
73a. Leaf blade base rounded to sometimes cordate ................................................................................... 7. S. megacarpum
73b. Leaf blade base narrowly to broadly cuneate.
74a. Leaf blade adaxially black when dry, secondary veins 23–32 on each side of midvein ........... 66. S. melanophyllum
74b. Leaf blade adaxially usually green but never black when dry, secondary veins 8–20(–25)
on each side of midvein.
75a. Branchlets quadrangular ...................................................................................................... 11. S. austroyunnanense
75b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
76a. Calyx lobes ca. 3 mm; petiole 4–6 mm ............................................................................... 5. S. polypetaloideum
76b. Calyx lobes 5–8 mm; petiole 5–13 mm.
77a. Leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or linear, apex acuminate to longacuminate .......................................................................................................................................... 4. S. jambos
77b. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, apex acute .................................................................. 9. S. globiflorum
70b. Calyx lobes inconspicuous (to 2 mm) or absent.
78a. Branchlets pubescent ........................................................................................................................................ 22. S. vestitum
78b. Branchlets glabrous.
79a. Petiole (0.9–)1–2 cm.
80a. Branchlets quadrate or quadrangular.
81a. Leaf blade adaxially brown to dark brown when dry ..................................................................... 72. S. formosanum81b. Leaf blade adaxially dark olive green or olive greenish yellow when dry.
82a. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, secondary veins impressed when dry .............................................. 29. S. salwinense
82b. Leaf blade obovate to elliptic, secondary veins slightly raised when dry .................................... 68. S. euphlebium
80b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
83a. Leaf blade secondary veins 5–12 mm apart.
84a. Leaf blade secondary veins 10–14 on each side of midvein ............................................................... 10. S. imitans84b. Leaf blade secondary veins 23–32 on each side of midvein .................................................. 66. S. melanophyllum
83b. Leaf blade secondary veins to 5(–7) mm apart.
85a. Fruit globose.
86a. Leaf blade intramarginal veins (major one) 3–4 mm from margin ................................ 3. S. conspersipunctatum
86b. Leaf blade intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin or closer.
87a. Leaf blade apex obtuse or abruptly mucronate to slightly acute with an obtuse cusp ......... 72. S. formosanum
87b. Leaf blade apex acuminate or caudate-acuminate.
88a. Leaf blade apex caudate-acuminate ............................................................................... 67. S. brachythyrsum
88b. Leaf blade apex acuminate.
89a. Leaf blade oblong to ovate-lanceolate, base cuneate ..................................................... 45. S. kusukusense
89b. Leaf blade elliptic to long elliptic, base rounded to broadly cuneate .................................... 76. S. oblatum
85b. Fruit ellipsoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, or pyriform.
90a. Branchlets blackish brown when dry.
91a. Leaf blade adaxially yellowish green when dry, apex acute ................................................... 18. S. rysopodum
91b. Leaf blade adaxially dark brown when dry, apex acuminate ...................................................... 80. S. lineatum
90b. Branchlets gray, grayish white, pale brown, or reddish brown when dry.
92a. Leaf blade obovate-oblong, or obovate to elliptic.
93a. Leaf blade secondary veins 3–6 mm apart ....................................................................... 54. S. densinervium
93b. Leaf blade secondary veins ca. 2 mm apart ........................................................................ 68. S. euphlebium
92b. Leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic.
94a. Leaf blade 4–7 cm, adaxially grayish brown to blackish brown when dry, apex abruptly
acuminate ........................................................................................................................... 56. S. rehderianum
94b. Leaf blade 6–12 cm, adaxially green or brownish green to blackish brown when dry,
apex slightly acute to acuminate or rounded to obtuse and with a short cusp.
95a. Leaf blade adaxially green when dry, apex slightly acute to acuminate ........................ 53. S. toddalioides

MYRTACEAE

343

95b. Leaf blade adaxially brownish green to blackish brown when dry, apex rounded toobtuse and with a short cusp .................................................................................................... 57. S. cumini79b. Petiole to 0.8 cm.
96a. Branchlets quadrate to quadrangular.
97a. Fruit ellipsoid or ellipsoid-ovoid.
98a. Leaf blade ovate to oblong, base usually slightly cordate .............................................................. 17. S. boisianum
98b. Leaf blade narrowly oblong to elliptic or elliptic to narrowly elliptic, base cuneate to broadly
cuneate.
99a. Fruit purple; leaf blade adaxially grayish green when dry ......................................................... 16. S. championii
99b. Fruit red; leaf blade adaxially blackish brown when dry .......................................................... 43. S. szemaoense
97b. Fruit globose or globose pot-shaped.
100a. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate ............................................................ 1. S. acuminatissimum
100b. Leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong.
101a. Leaf blade oblong, 4–8 cm ...................................................................................................... 69. S. jienfunicum
101b. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, 4.5–7.5 cm.
102a. Leaf blade narrowly elliptic, secondary veins ca. 25 on each side of midvein .................... 29. S. salwinense
102b. Leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, secondary veins ca. 22 on each sideof midvein ........................................................................................................................... 72. S. formosanum
96b. Branchlets terete or compressed.
103a. Fruit ellipsoid, ellipsoid-ovoid, or obovoid.
104a. Leaf blade base rounded to slightly cordate .................................................................................... 51. S. bullockii
104b. Leaf blade base cuneate to broadly cuneate.
105a. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of more than 60° from midvein .............................. 53. S. toddalioides
105b. Leaf blade secondary veins at an angle of 40°–45° from midvein.
106a. Leaf blade linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate ......................................................... 55. S. myrsinifolium
106b. Leaf blade elliptic, narrowly elliptic, or narrowly oblong.
107a. Fruit when mature purplish red and obovoid .................................................................. 19. S. stenocladum
107b. Fruit when mature black and ellipsoid-ovoid ................................................................. 56. S. rehderianum
103b. Fruit globose.
108a. Leaf blade base rounded, broadly cuneate, or wide and obtuse.
109a. Leaf blade apex caudate-acuminate.
110a. Fruit blackish purple; petiole 5–8 mm .......................................................................... 1. S. acuminatissimum
110b. Fruit white; petiole 2–4 mm .......................................................................................................... 48. S. album
109b. Leaf blade apex acuminate, or obtuse to slightly acute.
111a. Leaf blade ovate-elliptic, adaxially black when dry .................................................................... 75. S. thumra
111b. Leaf blade elliptic to long elliptic, adaxially grayish brown when dry ..................................... 76. S. oblatum
108b. Leaf blade base cuneate.
112a. Leaf blade oblong .................................................................................................................... 69. S. jienfunicum
112b. Leaf blade broadly elliptic, obovate, oblong-oblanceolate, elliptic, obovate-elliptic, oroblong.
113a. Branchlets brown when dry ............................................................................................ 71. S. congestiflorum
113b. Branchlets gray or grayish white when dry.
114a. Leaf blade secondary veins 9–13 on each side of midvein ........................................................ 70. S. howii
114b. Leaf blade secondary veins ca. 22 on each side of midvein ........................................... 72. S. formosanum
1. Syzygium acuminatissimum (Blume) Candolle, Prodr. 3:
261. 1828.
肖蒲桃 xiao pu tao
Myrtus acuminatissima Blume, Bijdr. 1088. 1826–1827;
Acmena acuminatissima (Blume) Merrill & L. M. Perry; Eugenia acuminatissima (Blume) Kurz (1875), not Miquel (1846);
E. cuspidato-ovata Hayata; E. subdecurrens (Miquel) Merrill& Chun; Jambosa acuminatissima (Blume) Hasskarl; Syzygium
cuspidato-ovatum (Hayata) Mori; S. subdecurrens Miquel.
Trees, to 20 m tall. Branchlets terete or obtusely ridged.
Petiole 5–8 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 5–12 × 1–3.5 cm, leathery, adaxially dark with nu-

merous oil glands, secondary veins numerous, ca. 3 mm apart,at an angle of 65°–70° from midvein, abaxially visible, andadaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1.5 mm frommargin, base broadly cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate and witha ca. 2 cm acumen. Inflorescences terminal, 3-flowered cymes
arranged into panicles, 3–6 cm; peduncle ridged. Flower buds
obovoid, 3–4 mm, basally cuneate, apically rounded. Hypanthium obconic, shortly stipitate. Calyx lobes inconspicuous, apicalmargins of hypanthium incurved. Petals white, distinct, ca. 1
mm. Stamens ca. 1 mm. Fruit blackish purple when ripe, globose, ca. 1.5 cm in diam., 1-seeded. Embryo with intrusive
branching tissue extending into and interlocking cotyledons. Fl.
Jul–Oct.
Low to middle elevation forests. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan,MYRTACEAE

344

Taiwan (Lan Yu) [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Papua New
Guinea, Philippines, Thailand; Pacific islands].

2. Syzygium nervosum Candolle, Prodr. 3: 260. 1828.
水翁蒲桃 shui weng pu tao
Calyptranthes mangiferifolia Hance ex Walpers; Cleistocalyx cerasoides (Roxburgh) I. M. Turner; C. operculatus (Roxburgh) Merrill & L. M. Perry; Eugenia cerasoides Roxburgh;
E. clausa C. B. Robinson; E. divaricatocymosa Hayata; E.
holtzei Mueller; E. operculata Roxburgh; Syzygium angkolanum Miquel; S. cerasoides (Roxburgh) Raizada; S. nodosum
Miquel; S. operculatum (Roxburgh) Niedenzu.
Trees, to 15 m tall, many-branched. Bark grayish brown,
thick. Branchlets flattened, furrowed. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade
oblong to elliptic, 11–17 × 4.5–7 cm, thinly leathery, both
surfaces glandular punctate, secondary veins 9–13 on each sideof midvein, 8–9 mm apart, and at an angle of 45°–60° frommidvein, reticulate veins obvious, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mmfrom margin, base broadly cuneate to slightly rounded, apex
acute to acuminate. Inflorescences lateral on leafless branches,
paniculate, 6–12 cm. Buds oval, ca. 5 × 3.5 mm. Hypanthium
hemispheric, ca. 3 mm, not stipitate. Calyptra 2–3 mm, apex
beaked. Petals obsolete. Stamens 5–8 mm. Style 3–5 mm. Fruitviolet to black when mature, broadly ovoid, 1–1.2 × 1–1.4 cm.
Fl. May–Jun.
Forests, streams, also cultivated; 200–600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Xizang (Cona), Yunnan [India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam; N Australia].

3. Syzygium conspersipunctatum (Merrill & L. M. Perry)
Craven & Biffin, Blumea 51: 136. 2006.
散点蒲桃 san dian pu tao
Cleistocalyx conspersipunctatus Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 18: 335. 1937.
Trees, to 30 m tall. Bark brownish gray. Branchlets blackish brown when dry, flat, furrowed. Petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade
ovate to obovate, 5–8.5 × 3–5.5 cm, both surfaces dark brownwhen dry and with dispersed black glandular dots, secondaryveins numerous, 2–5 mm apart, and at an angle of 65°–70°
from midvein, intramarginal veins 3–4 mm from margin andwith another smaller intramarginal vein outside of it, basebroadly cuneate, apex mucronate to sometimes obtuse or rounded. Inflorescences axillary or terminal, panicle of cymes, 5–
7 cm. Flower bud obovoid, ca. 6 mm, apex rounded. Flowers
usually clusters of 3, sessile. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 4 × 5mm, not stipitate. Calyptra hemispheric, 2.5–3 mm. Petals obsolete. Stamens 3–5 mm. Style 7–9 mm. Fruit globose, 1.5–2
cm in diam. Fl. Jul–Aug.
● Forests, valleys; middle elevations. Hainan.

4. Syzygium jambos (Linnaeus) Alston, Handb. Fl. Ceylon 6:
115. 1931.
蒲桃 pu tao
Trees, to 10 m tall. Stems very short, broadly branched.
Branchlets terete or subterete, sometimes apically much compressed, sometimes shallowly grooved. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf

blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate, oblong, or linear, 8–26 × 2–
4.5 cm, leathery or stiffly papery, both surfaces with numerous
small pellucid glands, secondary veins 8–25 on each side of
midvein, 0.7–1.5 cm apart, and abaxially obviously raised,
reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins 2–3(–4) mmfrom margin, base narrow to broadly cuneate, apex acuminate
to long acuminate. Inflorescences usually terminal cymes withseveral flowers, sometimes axillary and solitary; peduncle 1–
3.5 cm. Flowers white or pink, 3–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium
obconic, 0.8–1.5 cm. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular or triangularovate, 5–8 × 6–9 mm. Petals distinct, broadly ovate, 1.4–1.5
cm. Stamens 1.5–2.8 cm; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Style 2–3.5 cm.
Fruit pale yellow or red when ripe, globose or ellipsoid, 2.5–5
cm in diam., with oil glands, 1- or 2-seeded, pericarp fleshy.
Embryos numerous. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun or Nov–Dec.
Mixed forests, mountain slopes, riversides, river valleys; below
100 to 1500 m. Cultivated and sometimes escaped in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, Taiwan (var. tripinnatum
believed to be native), and Yunnan (var. linearilimbum believed to benative) [Philippines; origin of var. jambos uncertain but possibly W
Malesia and SE Asia].

1a. Leaf blade linear, 18–26 cm;
flowers axillary, solitary .................. 4c. var. linearilimbum
1b. Leaf blade lanceolate, ovate-lanceolate,or oblong, 8–25 cm; flowers interminal cymes.
2a. Leaf blade lanceolate to oblong,
12–25 cm, leathery; style 2–2.8
cm; fruit yellow .................................. 4a. var. jambos
2b. Leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to
oblong, 8–12 cm, stiffly papery;style 3–3.5 cm; fruit red ............. 4b. var. tripinnatum
4a. Syzygium jambos var. jambos
蒲桃(原变种) pu tao (yuan bian zhong)Eugenia jambos Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753; E. jambos
var. sylvatica Gagnepain; Jambosa jambos (Linnaeus) Millspaugh; J. vulgaris Candolle, nom. illeg. superfl.; Myrtus jambos(Linnaeus) Kunth; Syzygium jambos var. sylvaticum (Gagnepain) Merrill & L. M. Perry.
Branchlets terete. Petiole 6–8 mm; leaf blade lanceolate to
oblong, 12–25 × 3–4.5 cm, leathery, secondary veins 12–16 oneach side of midvein, 7–10 mm apart, and at an angle of ca. 45°
from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mm from margin, basebroadly cuneate, apex long acuminate. Inflorescences terminal,
cymes, with several flowers; peduncle 1–1.5 cm. Flowers white,
3–4 cm in diam. Hypanthium obconic, 8–10 mm. Calyx lobes
4, semiorbicular, ca. 6 × 8–9 mm. Petals distinct, broadly ovate,ca. 1.4 cm. Stamens 2–2.8 cm; anthers ca. 1.5 mm. Style 2–2.8
cm. Fruit pale yellow when ripe, globose, 3–5 cm in diam. Fl.
Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun.
Open mixed forests, riversides, river valleys; below 100 to 1500
m. Cultivated and sometimes escaped in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi,
Guizhou, Hainan, Sichuan, and Yunnan [origin uncertain but possibly W
Malesia and SE Asia].
This variety is often cultivated for its fruit throughout the tropics,
so some gatherings may in fact not be from wild plants.

MYRTACEAE

4b. Syzygium jambos var. tripinnatum (Blanco) C. Chen, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 27. 2006.
大花赤楠 da hua chi nan
Myrtus tripinnata Blanco, Fl. Filip. 421. 1837; Syzygium
okudae Mori; S. tripinnatum (Blanco) Merrill.
Branchlets brown, subterete but apically much compressed. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to oblong,
8–12 × 2–4.5 cm, stiffly papery, secondary veins 8–11 on eachside of midvein and 1–1.5 cm apart, intramarginal veins 2–
3(–4) mm from margin. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, 5–7(–9) cm, remote; peduncle (2–)3–3.5 cm; bracts 2, triangular.
Flower pink. Hypanthium funnel-shaped, ca. 1.5 cm. Calyx
lobes 4, suborbicular, 5–6 × 6–7 mm, subequally broad, punctate. Petals 4, elliptic, ca. 1.5 cm, punctate, apex rounded. Stamens numerous, 1.5–2.3 cm, unequal. Ovary 2-celled. Style
filiform, 3–3.5 cm. Fruit red, ellipsoid, ca. 2.5 cm in diam.,crowned by thick calyx rim. Fl. Apr, fr. Nov–Dec.
Evergreen mixed forests, mountain slopes; below 100 to 300 m.
Taiwan (Lan Yu) [Philippines].

4c. Syzygium jambos var. linearilimbum Hung T. Chang &R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 17. 1982.
线叶蒲桃 xian ye pu tao
Branchlets terete, shallowly grooved. Petiole 7–10 mm;
leaf blade linear, 18–26 × 2–2.25 cm, leathery, both surfaces
glandular, abaxially yellowish brown, adaxially slightly shiny,
secondary veins 19–25 on each side of midvein, intramarginalveins ca. 2 mm from margin, base narrow and decurrent, apex
acuminate. Flowers axillary, solitary. Hypanthium obconic, ca.
1 cm. Calyx lobes triangular-ovate, 7–8 mm. Style ca. 3 cm.
● Mixed forests, mountain slopes; 400–500 m. Yunnan (Hekou).

5. Syzygium polypetaloideum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 217. 1938.
假多瓣蒲桃 jia duo ban pu tao
Shrubs, 2–3 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry,
terete. Petiole 4–6 mm; leaf blade leathery, narrowly lanceolate,
9–12 × 1.5–2.5 cm, both surfaces with obvious glands, abaxially brownish green when dry, adaxially green and slightly
glossy when dry, secondary veins 8–12 on each side of midvein, 7–10 mm apart, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxiallyinconspicuous, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins
ca. 1.5 mm from margin, base narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate to slightly acute. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes
axillary, cymes; peduncle ca. 1 cm. Flowers white, ca. 3 cm indiam. Hypanthium broadly obconic, ca. 8 × 10 mm. Calyx
lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 3 × 7–8 mm. Petals distinct, orbicular, ca. 8 mm in diam. Stamens ca. 2 cm. Style slightly exceeding stamens. Fruit globose, ca. 2 cm in diam. Fl. Apr–Jul,
fr. Apr–Jun or Jul–Sep.
● Open or dense forests or scrub, riversides, sandy beaches; 200–
1000 m. W Guangxi, S Yunnan.

6. Syzygium samarangense (Blume) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 115. 1938.

345

洋蒲桃 yang pu tao
Myrtus samarangensis Blume, Bijdr. 1084. 1826–1827;
Eugenia javanica Lamarck; Jambosa samarangensis (Blume)
Candolle.
Trees, to 12 m tall. Branchlets compressed. Petiole lessthan 4 mm to sometimes nearly absent; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10–22 × 5–8 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially with numerous
small glands, adaxially turning yellowish brown when dry,
secondary veins 14–19 on each side of midvein, 6–10 mmapart, and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, reticule veinsconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 5 mm from margin and an
additional intramarginal vein ca. 1.5 mm from margin, basenarrow, rounded, or slightly cordate, apex obtuse to slightly
acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes, 5–6 cm, several-flowered. Flowers white. Hypanthium obconic, 7–8 × 6–7
mm. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 4 × 4 mm or larger. Petals 4, distinct, 1–1.3 cm. Stamens numerous, ca. 1.5 cm. Style
2.5–3 cm. Fruit dark red, pyriform to conic, 4–5 cm, fleshy,
glossy, apex impressed; persistent sepals fleshy. Seed 1. Fl.
Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun.
Cultivated in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, andYunnan [native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, and Thailand].

7. Syzygium megacarpum (Craib) Rathakrishnan & N. C. Nair,
Econ. Taxon. Bot. 4: 287. 1983.
阔叶蒲桃 kuo ye pu tao
Eugenia megacarpa Craib, Fl. Siam. 1: 652. 1931; E. latilimba Merrill; Syzygium latilimbum (Merrill) Merrill & L. M.
Perry.
Trees, to 20 m tall. Branchlets green when dried, slightly
compressed. Petiole 5–10 mm; leaf blade narrowly long elliptic to elliptic, 14–30 × 6–13 cm, leathery, abaxially pale green
when dry, adaxially green when dry, both surfaces without conspicuous glands, secondary veins 15–22 on each side of midvein and 1–1.3 cm apart, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins 4–5 mm from margin and an additional inconspicuous intramarginal vein ca. 1.5 mm from margin, base rounded
to sometimes cordate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal,
cymes, 2–6-flowered; peduncle very short. Flowers white, large.
Hypanthium long obconic, 1.5–2 × ca. 1.5 cm. Calyx lobes 4,
rounded, 6–7 × 8–9 mm. Petals distinct, rounded, ca. 2 cm. Stamens numerous, 2.5–3 cm. Style ca. 4 cm. Fruit ovoid-globose,ca. 5 cm. Fl. Apr–Oct, fr. Jul–Oct.
Moist low forests, riversides; 300–1200 m. Hainan, Guangxi, S
and SW Yunnan [Bangladesh, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

8. Syzygium laosense (Gagnepain) Merrill & L. M. Perry var.
quocense (Gagnepain) Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 53(1): 70. 1984.
少花老挝蒲桃 shao hua lao wo pu tao
Eugenia laosensis Gagnepain var. quocensis Gagnepain,
Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 327. 1918.
Trees, 3–10 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry,
terete. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade ovate-oblong to oblong, 11–
17 × 4–6 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially brownish when dry,

MYRTACEAE

346

adaxially grayish brown when dry, secondary veins 8–12 oneach side of midvein, 0.8–1.2 cm apart, and at an angle of ca.
55° from midvein, reticulate veins abaxially conspicuous, intramarginal veins 3–4 mm from margin, abaxially slightly raised,and adaxially slightly visible, base broadly cuneate and slightly
oblique, apex acuminate and with an obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate cymes, 6–7 cm, branches
lax and long. Flower buds ovoid, ca. 1 cm. Hypanthium semiglobose, ca. 7 mm, shortly stipitate. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 3 × 5 mm, apex rounded. Petals 4, distinct, suborbicular,
4–5 mm. Stamens as long as petals. Style 7–8 mm. Fl. Apr–
Nov.
Evergreen forests; low elevations. S Yunnan [Cambodia, Vietnam].
Syzygium laosense var. laosense is endemic to Laos and differsfrom var. quocense in having longer inflorescences with more flowers.

9. Syzygium globiflorum (Craib) P. Chantanaranothai & J. Parnell, Kew Bull. 48: 598. 1993.

Mountain valleys at low altitude, moist sandy or dry clay soils,
thickets; ca. 1500 m. Guangxi (Shiwan Dashan) [Vietnam].

11. Syzygium austroyunnanense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 17. 1982.
滇南蒲桃 dian nan pu tao
Trees, to 13 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry, 4angled. Petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic to oblong, 10–18 ×
4–7 cm, leathery, abaxially brownish green, adaxially olive
green and slightly glossy, secondary veins 13–20 on each sideof midvein, 6–10 mm apart, and at an angle of ca. 60° frommidvein, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 2
mm from margin, abaxially raised, and adaxially conspicuous,base broadly cuneate, apex acute and with an obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate 3-flowered cymes, 6–8 cm;
bractlets lanceolate, ca. 2.5 mm. Calyx lobes 4, ovate to semiorbicular, 3–4 × ca. 5 mm. Fruit 1- or 2-seeded. Fr. Nov.

短药蒲桃 duan yao pu tao● Mountain valleys, shady and moist regions in sparse forests;
1400–1700 m. Guangxi (Hengxian), S Yunnan (Xishuangbanna).

Eugenia globiflora Craib, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1930:
167. 1930; Syzygium brachyantherum Merrill & L. M. Perry.

12. Syzygium malaccense (Linnaeus) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 215. 1938.

Shrubs or trees, 3–15 m tall. Branchlets terete, slightly
compressed. Petiole 1–1.3 cm; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly
elliptic, 9–16 × 2.5–5 cm, thinly leathery, both surfaces darkgreen when dry, abaxially glandular, secondary veins 12–17 oneach side of midvein, 7–9 mm apart, and at an angle of ca. 55°
from midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins
ca. 1.5 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal, cymes or paniculate cymes, 3–11-flowered; peduncle 1–1.5 cm. Flower buds ovoid, 1–1.2 cm. Hypanthium 8–9 mm. Calyx lobes 4, triangular-ovate, ca. 5 mm. Petals distinct, broadly ovate, 7–8 mm. Stamens size variable, 1–
1.5 cm; anthers ca. 0.6 mm. Style ca. 1.3 cm. Fruit subglobose,ca. 2.5 cm in diam. Fl. Apr–Aug.
Mountain valleys, dense forests; 200–1000(–2400 in Yunnan) m.
Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Thailand].

10. Syzygium imitans Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor.
19: 113. 1938.
桂南蒲桃 gui nan pu tao
Trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets brown when dry, terete. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade oblong, 12–17 × 4–7(–8.5) cm, leathery,both surfaces glandular, abaxially yellowish brown when dry,
adaxially olive green and slightly glossy when dry, secondaryveins 10–14 on each side of midvein, 0.8–1.2 cm apart, and at
an angle of ca. 50° from midvein, intramarginal veins 2–4 mmfrom margins with an additional smaller intramarginal vein ca.
0.7 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex acute and with a 7–8
mm obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, 3–5 cm, many-flowered in 3-flowered clusters, branched at base.
Flower buds obovoid, 8–11 × ca. 6 mm. Hypanthium ca. 6 mm,
obconic. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, 1–2 × ca. 2.5 mm, apex
rounded. Petals white, distinct, suborbicular, (4–)5(–7) mm. Stamens 4–8 mm. Style 4–7 mm. Fruit globose, ca. 1.6 cm indiam. Fl. Sep.

马六甲蒲桃 ma liu jia pu tao
Eugenia malaccensis Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 470. 1753; E.
macrophylla Lamarck; Jambosa domestica Blume; J. malaccensis (Linnaeus) Candolle.
Trees, to 15 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry,
stout, terete. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic toelliptic, 16–24 × 6–8 cm, leathery, abaxially yellowish brownwhen dry, adaxially dark green and not glossy when dry, secondary veins 11–14 on each side of midvein, 1–1.5 cm apart,and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins 3–5 mm from margin and another inconspicuous intramarginal vein ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex acute. Inflorescences lateral on older
leafless branches, cymes, in 4–9-flowered clusters; peduncle
very short. Flowers red, ca. 2.5 cm, stout, ridged. Hypanthium
broadly obconic, ca. 1 × 1 cm. Calyx lobes 4, suborbicular, 5–6
× 7–8 mm, apex rounded. Petals rounded, ca. 1 × 1 cm, distinct.
Stamens completely distinct, 1–1.3 cm. Style as long as stamens. Fruit ovoid to pot-shaped, ca. 4 cm, 1-seeded. Fl. May or
Jan–Feb, fr. Apr–May.
Cultivated but sometimes naturalized in mixed forests in Taiwan
and Yunnan [probably native to Malaysia].
This species is commonly cultivated for its fruit in wet-tropicalareas around the world and is sometimes naturalized.

13. Syzygium cathayense Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 232. 1938.
华夏蒲桃 hua xia pu tao
Trees, to 6 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry, 4angled. Petiole 7–11 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, 11–15 ×
3–4.5 cm, leathery, abaxially brownish when dry, adaxially
black and slightly glossy when dry, secondary veins 8–11 oneach side of midvein, 8–10 mm apart, and with additional paral-

MYRTACEAE

lel veins between them, reticulate veins abaxially conspicuous,
intramarginal veins 2–3 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex
slightly acute. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate cymes, 3–5
cm, many-flowered; peduncle terete, ca. 1 cm. Hypanthium ca.
5 mm. Calyx lobes 4, shortly triangular, 1.5–2 mm. Petals
white, distinct, ovate to orbicular, 5–7 mm. Stamens 1–1.5 cm;
anthers small, apex with a gland. Style ca. 1.5 cm. Fl. Jan–Feb.
● Moist secondary forests, riversides. W Guangxi, S Yunnan.

14. Syzygium gongshanense P. Y. Bai, Acta Bot. Yunnan., Suppl.
5: 26. 1992 [“gonshanense” except in f. 1].
贡山蒲桃 gong shan pu tao
Trees, 5–6 m tall. Branchlets brown, terete. Petiole ca. 1
cm; leaf blade oblong to oblong-elliptic, 8.5–15 × 3.5–5 cm,
thinly leathery, abaxially greenish yellow, adaxially green anddensely glandular punctate, secondary veins 12–16 on each sideof midvein and 5–7 mm apart, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mmfrom margin, base cuneate, apex acute and with a 5–7 mm tip.
Inflorescences axillary or lateral on old leafless branches, cymes,
2–3 cm. Flowers white, 8–10 mm. Hypanthium turbinate, ca. 5mm; limb 4–5 mm broad. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, apex
obtuse. Petals distinct, ovate, ca. 4 × 3.5 mm. Stamens ca. 8mm, equal in length. Fl. Aug–Sep.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes beside streams;
ca. 1600 m. Yunnan (Gongshan).

15. Syzygium taiwanicum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 18. 1982.
台湾棒花蒲桃 tai wan bang hua pu tao
Eugenia claviflora Roxburgh var. oblongifolia Hayata, Icon.
Pl. Formosan. 3: 116. 1913; Syzygium claviflorum (Roxburgh)
A. M. Cowan & Cowan var. oblongifolium (Hayata) Mori.
Trees, small. Branchlets grayish brown when dry, slender,
4-angled. Petiole 4–5 mm; leaf blade long elliptic, 5–7 × 2–3
cm, leathery, abaxially slightly yellowish brown when dry,
adaxially grayish green and not glossy when dry, secondaryveins ca. 1.5 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 70° from midvein,abaxially inconspicuous, and adaxially slightly impressed, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate,apex slightly acute and with an obtuse cusp. Inflorescences axillary, cymes, flowers (1 or)2 or 3. Hypanthium clavate, ca. 2 cm.
Calyx lobes semiorbicular. Fruit long clavoid. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr.
Nov–Dec.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 100–400 m. Taiwan (Lan Yu,
Pengjia Yu).

16. Syzygium championii (Bentham) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 219. 1938.
子凌蒲桃 zi ling pu tao
Acmena championii Bentham, Hooker’s J. Bot. Kew Gard.
Misc. 4: 118. 1852; Eugenia championii (Bentham) Hemsley;
E. henryi Hance; E. maclurei Merrill.
Shrubs to trees. Branchlets grayish white when dry, 4-347

angled. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to elliptic,
3–6(–9) × 1–2(–3) cm, leathery, both surfaces grayish green
when dry, adaxially not glossy, secondary veins numerous, ca. 1
mm apart, and nearly level with surface, intramarginal veinsnearly at margin, base broadly cuneate, apex acute and usuallywith a cusp less than 1 cm. Inflorescences terminal or sometimes axillary, cymes, ca. 2 cm, 6–10-flowered. Flower buds
clavate, ca. 1 cm, basal part narrow. Hypanthium clavate, 8–10
mm. Calyx lobes 4, shallowly wavy. Petals white or pink, connate into a calyptra. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style as long as stamens.
Fruit red, long ellipsoid, ca. 12 × 6–8 mm, shallowly grooved
when dry, 1- or 2-seeded. Fl. Aug–Nov, fr. Oct–Dec.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 100–700 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].

17. Syzygium boisianum (Gagnepain) Merrill & L. M. Perry,
J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 115. 1938.
无柄蒲桃 wu bing pu tao
Eugenia boisiana Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 318.
1918.
Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Branchlets grayish white when dry,
slender, 4 angled; old branches terete. Leaves very shortly petiolate to nearly sessile; leaf blade narrowly ovate to oblong, 4–12
× 2–5 cm, leathery, abaxially pale colored when dry, adaxiallygreen with yellow when dry, secondary veins numerous, dense,
2–3 mm apart, level with surface, and conspicuous on both surfaces, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base usuallyslightly cordate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes, ca. 2 cm, (1 or)3–6-flowered. Hypanthium clavate,ca. 13 × 4 mm, basally gradually narrow. Calyx lobes shallow
wavy. Petals distinct, orbicular, 2–3 mm in diam., outer ones bigger. Stamens numerous; anthers ca. 0.7 mm. Disk discoid. Styleca. 5 mm. Fruit clavoid to long tubular. Fl. (Jun–)Aug–Oct.
Dense forests; 100–200 m. Hainan [Thailand, Vietnam].

18. Syzygium rysopodum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 221. 1938.
皱萼蒲桃 zhou e pu tao
Trees, to 20 m tall, d.b.h. to 75 cm. Branchlets blackish
brown when dry, strongly compressed. Petiole 0.9–1.4 cm,
corrugate when dry; leaf blade elliptic, 4.5–9 × 1.7–3.6 cm,
leathery, both surfaces with conspicuous small glands, abaxiallygreenish, adaxially yellowish green and glossy, secondary veins
1.5–2.5 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 75° from midvein, and inconspicuous on both surfaces, intramarginal veins near margin,base cuneate, apex acute and with a slightly obtuse cusp. Inflorescences usually terminal or sometimes axillary, cymes, to 6
cm. Hypanthium clavate, 10–12 × ca. 4 mm, corrugate whendry. Calyx lobes 5, very short. Stamens 1–4 mm. Style 4–5 mm.
Fruit dark red when ripe, pyriform to ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm, 1- or
2-seeded. Fl. Feb–Mar and Jun–Jul.
● Forests in mountains; 1500–1800 m. Hainan.

19. Syzygium stenocladum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 220. 1938.
纤枝蒲桃 xian zhi pu tao

MYRTACEAE

348

Trees, to 16 m tall. Branchlets grayish white when dry,
slender, terete. Petiole 4–8 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic tonarrowly oblong, 4–7 × 1.5–3 cm, leathery, both surfaces
olive green when dry and with minute glands, secondary veins
1–2 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 40° from midvein, abaxiallyslightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins
ca. 0.5 mm from margin, base turning narrow and decurrent,
apex acuminate and with a slightly obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes, several-flowered. Hypanthium clavate, 1–1.2 cm, straight sulcate when dry. Calyx lobes
shallowly wavy. Stamens 1–4 mm. Style ca. 4 mm. Fruit purplish red, long clavoid before when young but becoming obovoid. Fl. Apr–May, fr. May.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests in mountains; ca. 600 m. Hainan.

20. Syzygium baviense (Gagnepain) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 102. 1938.
短棒蒲桃 duan bang pu tao
Eugenia baviensis Gagnepain, Notul. Syst. (Paris) 3: 317.
1918.
Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets grayish white when dry,
terete. Petiole 5–6 mm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 9–15 ×
3.5–5 cm, subpapery, abaxially glabrous, adaxially dark whendry, secondary veins 14–19 on each side of midvein, 6–8 mmapart, and at an angle of ca. 75° from midvein, tertiary veins usually parallel to secondary veins, intramarginal veins 3–4 mmfrom margin, base broadly cuneate, apex acute. Inflorescences
axillary, corymbs, 1.5–2 cm, 4–9-flowered; peduncle ca. 5 mm.
Flower buds 1–1.2 cm. Hypanthium shortly clavate, 6–8 mm,base narrow. Calyx lobes 4, shortly triangular, ca. 1 mm. Petals
coherent. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style ca. 3 mm. Fruit clavoid tolong ovoid, ca. 10 × 5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Jun–Jul.
Rain forests; 200–600 m. Yunnan (Hekou) [Vietnam].

21. Syzygium claviflorum (Roxburgh) Wallich ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 657. 1841.
棒花蒲桃 bang hua pu tao
Eugenia claviflora Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 488.
1832; Acmenosperma claviflorum (Roxburgh) Kausel; E. leptantha Wight; Syzygium leptanthum (Wight) Niedenzu.
Shrubs or trees, 3–15 m tall. Branchlets grayish white tograyish brown when dry, terete, slightly compressed. Petiole 5–
8 mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong, oblong, or elliptic, 8–21 ×
3–8 cm, thinly leathery, abaxially pale when dry, adaxiallyslightly glossy green to yellowish green when dry, adaxiallywith numerous impressed small glands, secondary veins 18–25
on each side of midvein, 1–7 mm apart, and slowly ascending
into margin, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, basebroadly cuneate, apex slightly acute, obtuse, or acuminate andwith an obtuse tip. Inflorescences axillary or sometimes lateral
below leaves, cymes or umbels, ca. 2.5 cm, 3–9-flowered.
Flowers pink or red. Hypanthium clavate, 0.8–1.5 cm, basally
narrow and long, ribbed. Calyx lobes 4, shortly semiorbicular,
shallowly wavy. Petals 4, distinct or coherent, ovate to rounded,ca. 3 mm. Stamens 4–7 mm. Style 1.5–2 cm, apex sharp. Fruit

purplish red to black, long ellipsoid to long pot-shaped, 1.5–2 ×0.6–0.8 cm. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun.
Dense or open broad-leaved evergreen forests, valleys, hills; below 100–1300 m. Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Indonesia, Malaysia,
Myanmar, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Vietnam; Australia].

22. Syzygium vestitum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 110. 1938.
毛脉蒲桃 mao mai pu tao
Trees, 4–7 m tall. Branchlets terete, pubescent. Petiole 7–9mm; leaf blade elliptic, 12–22 × 4–7 cm, leathery, abaxiallybrown when dry, adaxially black when dry, abaxially with small
glands, midvein and secondary veins papillate, secondary veins
ca. 10 on each side of midvein and 1–1.5 cm apart, a small
parallel tertiary vein between each secondary vein, intramarginal veins 5–6 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate, apex
acute. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, 10–14 cm,
branched; peduncle compressed, with brown glandular wool.
Flower buds sessile, long oval-shaped, 4–5 × 2–3 mm. Hypanthium villosulous. Calyx lobes ca. 1 mm, rounded. Petals distinct. Fruit globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam. Fl. May–Jul.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 800–1500 m. SE Yunnan [Vietnam].

23. Syzygium cinereum (Kurz) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 106. 1938.
钝叶蒲桃 dun ye pu tao
Eugenia cinerea Kurz, Prelim. Rep. Forest Veg. Pegu, App.
A, 64, App. B, 50. 1875.
Trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets gray when dry, terete. Petiole
5–8 mm; leaf blade obovate, 7–10 × 3–4.5 cm, leathery, abaxally brownish when dry, adaxially grayish brown and not glossy
when dry, secondary veins 7–9 on each side of midvein, 6–9
mm apart, at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, abaxially raised,and adaxially slightly impressed, reticulate veins inconspicuous,
intramarginal veins ca. 2.5 mm from margin, base turning narrow, apex rounded to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, 3–7 cm. Flower buds obconic. Hypanthium ca. 3.5
mm. Calyx lobes 4, shallow wavy. Petals 4, coherent, ovate andslightly rounded, ca. 2 mm. Stamens 1.5–2 mm; anthers small.
Style ca. 1 mm. Fruit red when ripe, globose, 6–8 mm in diam.
Fl. Apr–May.
Thickets, hilly areas. S Guangxi [Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].

24. Syzygium yunnanense Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 227. 1938.
云南蒲桃 yun nan pu tao
Trees, to 15 m tall. Branchlets grayish white when dry,compressed, shallowly grooved. Petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade
broadly lanceolate to elliptic, 10–21 × 3–7 cm, leathery, both
surfaces brownish green when dry, abaxially with numerous
small glands, secondary veins 10–13 on each side of midvein,
0.8–1.3 cm apart, and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 3 mm frommargin, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences,

MYRTACEAE

terminal or sometimes lateral on leafless branches, paniculate
cymes, 3–6 cm, usually 2–4-clustered; peduncle brown, 2–4
cm, terete. Flowers sessile, 1–3-clustered. Hypanthium obconic,
ca. 2.5 mm, apical part ampliate. Calyx lobes inconspicuous.
Petals distinct, suborbicular, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 1–1.5 mm; anthers grayish white when dry. Style ca. 2 mm. Young fruit globose. Fl. Apr–May.
● Forests; 600–1300 m. Yunnan.

25. Syzygium tetragonum (Wight) Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst.
2: 179. 1843.
四角蒲桃 si jiao pu tao
Eugenia tetragona Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 16. 1841; Syzygium nienkui Merrill & L. M. Perry.
Trees, to 20 m tall, d.b.h. to 15 cm. Branchlets stout, 4angled, ridges conspicuous. Petiole 1–1.6 cm, stout; leaf blade
leathery, elliptic to obovate, 12–18 × 6–8 cm, abaxially slightly
pale when dry, adaxially dark brown and not glossy when dry,
secondary veins 9–13 on each side of midvein and 7–10 mmapart, reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins 2–3 mmfrom margin, base broadly cuneate to rounded, apex rounded toobtuse and with a ca. 1 cm cusp. Inflorescences lateral on leafless branches, paniculate cymes, 3–5 cm. Flower buds 6–7 mm.
Hypanthium short, obconic. Calyx lobes obtuse and short.
Petals coherent, white. Stamens ca. 3 mm. Fruit tinged yellow,
globose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. (Feb–)Jul–Aug(–Nov), fr. Nov–
Jan.
Open or dense broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain valleys,
steamsides; 800–2000 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Xizang (Cona, Mêdog),
Yunnan [Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Thailand].

26. Syzygium lasianthifolium Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 18. 1982.
粗叶木蒲桃 cu ye mu pu tao
Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Branchlets dark brown when dry, 4angled; old branches grayish white. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade
oblong, 6–10 × 2–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brownwhen dry, adaxially blackish brown and glossy when dry,
secondary veins 7–9 on each side of midvein and 6–10 mmapart, intramarginal veins 2–3 from margin and with an additional small intramarginal vein on outer side, base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex acute to acuminate. Flowers not seen.
Infructescences axillary, cymes, 1–2 cm. Fruit purple whenripe, ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 6–7 mm; persistent calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 1.5 mm; persistent style ca. 3 mm. Fr. May–Jun.
● Woodlands on mountain slopes, scrub on hills. Guangdong(Lianjiang).

27. Syzygium balsameum (Wight) Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst.
2: 179. 1843.
香胶蒲桃 xiang jiao pu tao
Eugenia balsamea Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 16. 1841.
Shrubs or trees, to 12 m tall. Branchlets grayish white349

when dry, slightly compressed. Petiole 1–1.3 cm; leaf blade
elliptic to narrowly oblong, 10–20 × 4–8.5 cm, leathery, basecuneate to broadly cuneate, apex acute to sometimes slightly
obtuse, both surfaces with numerous small glands, abaxiallygrayish brown when dry, adaxially pale brown and not glossy
when dry, secondary veins 11–13 on each side of midvein, 0.8–
1.3 cm apart, and abaxially raised, reticulate veins conspicuous,
intramarginal veins ca. 2.5 mm from margin. Inflorescences lateral on leafless branches, paniculate, 2–7 cm; peduncle grayish
white. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 2.5 mm, apex nearly abrupt.
Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals coherent. Stamens 2–3 mm.
Style as long as stamens. Fruit red, globose, 5–6 mm in diam.,
1-seeded. Fl. Nov–Dec, fr. Jan–Feb.
Moist open or dense forests, riversides; 500–1300 m. Xizang(Mêdog), S Yunnan [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

28. Syzygium xizangense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao in Hung
T. Chang, Fl. Xizang. 3: 343. 1986.
西藏蒲桃 xi zang pu tao
Trees, to 25 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry,
terete, glabrous. Petiole 0.7–1.3 cm; leaf blade oblong to elliptic, 8–23 × 3.5–6.2 cm, thinly papery, abaxially pale green whendry, adaxially dark green and slightly glossy when dry, both
surfaces with conspicuous small glands, abaxially glabrous,
secondary veins 9–10 on each side of midvein, 0.8–1.6 cm apart,
ascending at an angle of ca. 75° from midvein, and with anothersmall parallel vein between them, intramarginal veins 2–5 mmfrom margin, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate to sometimes acute. Inflorescences lateral on leafless branches, cymes,
2–6 cm, 4–7-flowered; peduncle ca. 1 cm. Flower buds obovoid, 6–7 mm. Pedicel 4–8 mm, with sparse trichomes. Hypanthium 4–5 mm, villosulous. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, 1.5–2
mm. Petals 4, white, distinct, obovate, 5–6 mm. Stamens 6–10
mm. Style 4–5 mm. Fl. Jun–Jul.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 800–1000 m. Xizang (Mêdog).

29. Syzygium salwinense Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 237. 1938.
怒江蒲桃 nu jiang pu tao
Trees, 3–15 m tall. Branchlets gray when dry, 4-angular,
sometimes grooved. Petiole 3–10 mm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic, 4–8 × 1.2–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially pale when dry, adaxially olive greenish yellow when dry, both surfaces with small
glands, midvein impressed, secondary veins ca. 25 on each sideof midvein and impressed when dry, intramarginal veins ca. 2
mm from margin, base cuneate, apex acuminate and with an
obtuse cusp. Inflorescences axillary or in leaf axils apically on
branches, paniculate cymes, 2–4 cm, with flowers usually inclusters of 3 at end of branches. Flower buds ca. 5 × 3 mm.
Hypanthium pyriform. Calyx lobes ca. 0.5 × 1.5 mm. Petals coherent. Stamens ca. 5 mm; anthers ca. 0.5 mm, with glandular
protuberances at apex. Fruit red, globose pot-shaped, ca. 1 cm
in diam. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr. May–Jun(–Nov.).
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, hillsides, valleys, stream margins; 800–1800(–2400) m. Guangxi, NW Yunnan.

MYRTACEAE

350

30. Syzygium sterrophyllum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 103. 1938.
硬叶蒲桃 ying ye pu tao
Shrubs or trees, 1–5 m tall. Branchlets dark brown whendry, 4-angled. Petiole 3–6 mm; leaf blade narrowly lanceolate,
6–13 × 1–1.8 cm, leathery, abaxially brownish green when dry,
adaxially grayish brown and not glossy when dry, secondaryveins numerous, 1–1.5 mm apart, 45°–60° from midvein, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginalveins ca. 0.5 from margin, base narrowly cuneate and decurrent,
apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary or in leaf axils apicallyon branches, cymes, 1–1.5 cm, several-flowered. Flower buds
ca. 4.5 mm. Flowers white. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3 mm. Petals coherent. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style equal length to stamens.
Fruit bluish black, ellipsoid, 7–8 × 5–6 mm, apically covered
with 1–1.5 mm persistent calyx limb. Fl. Jun–Oct, fr. Nov–
Jan(–Jun).
Broad-leaved evergreen forests, open forests, scrub, mountainvalleys, riversides; (100–)600–1200 m. Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Vietnam].

31. Syzygium forrestii Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor.
19: 238. 1938.
滇边蒲桃 dian bian pu tao
Trees, 8–15 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown when dry,ca. 2 mm thick, compressed or slightly angled. Petiole 1.2–1.8
cm; leaf blade elliptic, 6–11 × 2.5–4 cm, leathery, adaxiallyglands sparse, secondary veins numerous, 1.5–5 mm apart, andabaxially slightly raised, intramarginal veins 0.5–1 mm frommargin, base cuneate, apex acuminate and with a ca. 1.5 cm obtuse cusp. Inflorescences axillary or in leaf axils apically on
branches, paniculate cymes, 3–8 cm, numerous-flowered; secondary peduncles 0.5–3 cm. Flower buds subsessile, ca. 5 × 3.5mm, basally abruptly contracted into a short thick stipe, apex
globose. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals distinct or coherent.
Stamens ca. 6 mm; anthers elliptic, ca. 0.6 mm, apically withglandular protuberances. Fruit ellipsoid-ovoid, ca. 8 × 6 mm. Fl.
Oct–Nov, fr. Dec–Jan.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes, valleys; 2100–
2400 m. Yunnan.

32. Syzygium tephrodes (Hance) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 223. 1938.
方枝蒲桃 fang zhi pu tao
Eugenia tephrodes Hance, J. Bot. 23: 7. 1885.
Shrubs to trees, to 6 m tall. Branchlets grayish white whendry, narrowly winged at angle; old branches grayish brown,
terete. Leaves subsessile; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate, 2–5(–11)
× 1–1.5(–3) cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale when dry, adaxially grayish green to grayish brown and not glossy when dry,
secondary veins 12–16 on each side of midvein, ca. 1.5 mm
apart, nearly same level as leaf surface, abaxially slightly visible, and adaxially conspicuous, intramarginal veins very near
margin, base slightly cordate, margin glandular punctate, apex
obtuse and with an acuminate to acute tip. Inflorescences termi-

nal, paniculate cymes, 3–4 cm; peduncle grayish white, ridged.
Flowers white, fragrant. Hypanthium grayish white, narrowly
obconic, ca. 4 mm, longitudinally corrugate when dry. Calyx
lobes 4, ovate-rounded, ca. 1 mm. Petals coherent, rounded, ca.
2 mm. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style 6–7 mm. Fruit grayish white,broadly ellipsoid, 3–4 mm, apical part narrow, apically with persistent calyx lobes. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Nov–Dec.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, valleys, slopes, stream margins;
300(–2000) m. Hainan.

33. Syzygium guangxiense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 22. 1982.
广西蒲桃 guang xi pu tao
Shrubs, to 1 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry,flattened and angled; old branches gray. Petiole 4–6 mm; leaf
blade long elliptic, 8–12 × 3–5 cm, thinly leathery, abaxiallybrownish when dry, adaxially grayish brown and not glossy
when dry, secondary veins ca. 1.5 mm apart, at an angle of ca.
80° from midvein, and slightly raised on both surfaces, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate toobtuse, apex acute and with a cusp less than 1 cm. Flowers notseen. Infructescences axillary, cymes. Fruit globose, 2.5–3 cm
in diam., apical persistent calyx limb ca. 1 × 3.5 mm. Fr. Nov.
● Thickets, limestone hillsides; ca. 500 m. S Guangxi.

34. Syzygium tenuirhachis Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 19. 1982.
细轴蒲桃 xi zhou pu tao
Trees, to 9 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown when dry,angled. Petiole 3–5 mm; leaf blade oblong to ovate-oblong, 6–9
× 2–3 cm, leathery, secondary veins 1.5–2.5 mm apart, at anangle of ca. 70° from midvein, abaxially obscure, and adaxiallyinconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, basebroadly cuneate, apex acuminate and with an obtuse cusp. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate cymes, 1- or 2-clustered, 2–3
cm; peduncle slender, ridged; bracts acicular. Flowers 3-clustered, sessile. Flower buds long pyriform, ca. 4 mm. Hypanthium ca. 3 mm. Calyx lobes shallowly wavy. Petals distinct, ca.
2.5 mm. Stamens slightly prominent. Fruit globose, 1.2–1.5 cm
in diam. Fl. Jun.
● 1100–1200 m. Guangxi (Xilin).

35. Syzygium wenshanense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 21. 1982.
文山蒲桃 wen shan pu tao
Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets 4-angled. Petiole ca. 1 mm;
leaf blade ovate, 4–5.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially withsmall glands, adaxially slightly dull, secondary veins 1–1.5 mm
apart and almost perpendicular to midvein, intramarginal veins
ca. 1 mm from margin, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex
shortly acute and with an obtuse cusp. Flowers not seen. Infructescence terminal, cymose, 1–1.5 cm, sessile. Fruit globose, ca.
8 mm in diam.
● Mixed forests, limestone hillsides. Yunnan (Wenshan).

MYRTACEAE

36. Syzygium tsoongii (Merrill) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 112. 1938.
狭叶蒲桃 xia ye pu tao
Eugenia tsoongii Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 21: 504. 1922; E.
leucocarpa Gagnepain (1918), not Merrill (1916).
Shrubs or trees, 1–5 m tall. Branchlets grayish brownwhen dry, slender, 4-angled. Petiole less than 2 mm; leaf blade
linear to narrowly oblong, 1.5–4.5 × 0.4–1.2 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly grayish white when dry, adaxially olive green whendry, adaxially with numerous small glands, midvein impressed,
secondary veins 1–1.5 mm apart, at an angle of 55°–65° frommidvein, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuous,
intramarginal veins very close to margin, base gradually narrow
and rounded to slightly obtuse, apex obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, ca. 3 cm; peduncle 4-ridged. Flower
buds conic, 5–7 mm. Flowers white, ca. 1.2 cm. Hypanthium
obconic, ca. 4 mm, glandular punctate, corrugate when dry,glaucous. Calyx lobes 4 or 5, suborbicular, ca. 1 mm, persistent.
Petals 4 or 5, coherent, rounded, ca. 2 mm in diam., glandular
punctate. Stamens 5–7 mm. Style ca. 8 mm. Fruit white whenripe, globose, 5–7 mm in diam. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Oct–Dec.
Mountain valleys, margin of mixed forests by streams; 400–600
m. Guangxi, Hainan, Hunan [Vietnam].

37. Syzygium buxifolium Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechey Voy.
187. 1833.
赤楠 chi nan
Shrubs or small trees. Branchlets blackish brown whendry, 4- or 6-angled. Leaves opposite or ternate; petiole ca. 2
mm; leaf blade broadly elliptic, elliptic, orbicular, obovate, or
broadly obovate, 1–3 × 0.5–2(–2.2) cm, leathery, abaxiallyslightly pale when dry, adaxially dark brown and not glossy
when dry, abaxially glandular, secondary veins numerous, 1–1.5
mm apart, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuousor depressed, intramarginal veins 1–1.5 mm from margin anddepressed or not, base broadly cuneate, cuneate, or obtuse, apex
rounded, obtuse, or acute and sometimes with an obtuse cusp.
Inflorescences terminal, cymes, ca. 1 cm, several-flowered.
Flower buds ca. 3 mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 2 mm. Calyx
lobes shallow wavy. Petals 4, white, distinct, ca. 2 mm. Stamens
ca. 2.5 mm. Style as long as stamens. Fruit red turning purplish
black, globose, 5–7 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Aug, fr. Oct–Dec.
Sparse forests or scrub in mountains, hills; 200–1200 m. Anhui,Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi,
Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [S Japan, Vietnam].

1a. Leaves opposite; leaf blade broadly
elliptic, elliptic, or sometimes broadly
obovate, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm, secondary andintramarginal veins adaxially flattened;branchlets 4-angled ............................. 37a. var. buxifolium
1b. Leaves ternate especially apically on
branchlets or opposite; leaf blade broadly
elliptic, elliptic, orbicular, or sometimes
obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1(–2.2) cm,

351

secondary and intramarginal veinsadaxially sometimes depressed;
branchlets 4- or 6-angled ................. 37b. var. verticillatum
37a. Syzygium buxifolium var. buxifolium
赤楠(原变种) chi nan (yuan bian zhong)Eugenia microphylla Abel; E. sinensis Hemsley; E. somae
Hayata; Syllisium buxifolium (Hooker & Arnott) Meyen &Schauer; Syzygium somae (Hayata) Mori.
Branchlets 4-angled. Leaves opposite; leaf blade broadly
elliptic, elliptic, or sometimes broadly obovate, 1.5–3 × 1–2 cm,
secondary adaxially inconspicuous, base broadly cuneate toobtuse, apex rounded to obtuse and sometimes with an obtuse
cusp.
Sparse forests or scrub in mountains; 200–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian,Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang [S Japan, Vietnam].

37b. Syzygium buxifolium var. verticillatum C. Chen, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 25. 2006.
轮叶赤楠 lun ye chi nan
Branchlets 4- or 6-angled. Leaves ternate especially apically on branchlets or opposite; leaf blade broadly elliptic, elliptic, orbicular, or sometimes obovate, 1–2.5 × 0.5–1(–2.2) cm,
secondary and intramarginal veins adaxially sometimes depressed, base cuneate to broadly cuneate, apex broadly acute,obtuse, or rounded.
● Scrub on mountain slopes, hills; 200–1200 m. Anhui, Fujian,Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi.

38. Syzygium grijsii (Hance) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 233. 1938.
轮叶蒲桃 lun ye pu tao
Eugenia grijsii Hance, J. Bot. 9: 5. 1871; E. pyxophylla
Hance.
Shrubs, less than 1.5 m tall. Branchlets blackish brownwhen dry, slender, 4-angled. Leaves usually ternate; petiole 1–2mm; leaf blade narrowly oblong to narrowly lanceolate, 1.5–2 ×(0.2–)0.5–0.7 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale when dry,
adaxially dark brown and not glossy when dry, abaxially withnumerous glands, secondary veins dense, 1–1.5 mm apart, at anangle of ca. 50° with midvein, and abaxially more conspicuous,
intramarginal veins very close to margin, base cuneate, apex
obtuse to slightly acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary,cymes, 1–1.5 cm, few-flowered. Flowers white. Hypanthium ca.
2 mm. Calyx lobes very short. Petals 4, distinct, suborbicular,
ca. 2 mm. Stamens ca. 5 mm. Style as long as stamens. Fruitreddish black, globose, 4–5 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jul, fr. Nov–
Dec.
● Thickets, open woodlands, streamsides, slopes, valleys; 100–
900 m. Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan,
Jiangxi, Zhejiang.

39. Syzygium oblancilimbum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 23. 1982.
倒披针叶蒲桃 dao pi zhen ye pu tao

MYRTACEAE

352

Shrubs, to 0.6 m tall, branched. Branchlets grayish brownwhen dry, ridged. Petiole ca. 1 mm; leaf blade oblanceolate,
2.2–3 × 0.7–1 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale when dry,
adaxially grayish brown and not glossy when dry, adaxiallywith numerous impressed glands, secondary veins 1–1.5 mm
apart, at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, abaxially inconspicuous, and adaxially impressed, intramarginal veins very close to
margin, base becoming narrow and cuneate, apex rounded toobtuse. Flowers not seen. Infructescences terminal, cymes, ca. 1
cm, several-fruited. Fruit globose, ca. 4 mm in diam.; persistentcalyx 1–1.5 mm; calyx lobes shortly triangular, ca. 0.5 mm. Fr.
Sep.
● Riversides, sandy areas; 700–800 m. Yunnan (Mengla).

40. Syzygium sichuanense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 21. 1982.
四川蒲桃 si chuan pu tao
Trees, small, glabrous. Branchlets blackish brown when dry,ridged, glabrous. Petiole ca. 5 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate,
6–9 × 2–2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially yellowish brown when dry,
adaxially blackish brown and not glossy when dry, abaxiallywith numerous protuberant black glands, secondary veins dense,
1–2 mm apart, and at an angle of ca. 60° from midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, both secondary and intramarginal veins abaxially visible and adaxially inconspicuous,base cuneate and decurrent, apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, ca. 1 cm, 1–3-flowered; peduncle ca. 5
mm; bracts acicular, ca. 1 mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3 mm.
Calyx lobes 4, short and obtuse. Petals distinct, ca. 2 mm. Stamens 4–5 mm. Style as long as stamens.
● Sichuan.
The specific epithet was incorrectly spelled “szechuanense” in
FRPS (53(1): 91. 1984).

41. Syzygium handelii Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor.
19: 233. 1938.
贵州蒲桃 gui zhou pu tao
Shrubs, to 2 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown when dry,
4-ridged. Petiole 3–4 mm; leaf blade lanceolate to narrowly oblong, 3–6.5 × 1–1.8 cm, leathery, abaxially yellowish brownwhen dry, adaxially brownish green and slightly glossy whendry, abaxially glandular, secondary veins numerous, ca. 1 mmapart, at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, and conspicuous on
both surfaces when dry, intramarginal veins ca. 0.5 mm frommargin, base cuneate, apex gradually narrowing into an obtuse
cusp. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, 2–4 cm; peduncle ridged; bracts small. Flower buds long ovate, ca. 4 mm.
Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3 mm, smooth, apical part cuneate.
Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals usually 4, distinct, broadly
obovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 5–8 mm. Style ca. 7 mm. Fruit
globose, ca. 6 mm in diam. Fl. May–Jun.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, scrub, streamsides, valleys;
500–1000 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan.

42. Syzygium rockii Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor.
19: 223. 1938.
滇西蒲桃 dian xi pu tao

Trees, 10–15 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown, 4-angled.
Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic, 8–10 × 2.5–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale when dry, adaxially olive green andglossy when dry, midvein impressed, secondary veins numerous, 2–3 mm apart, and conspicuous on both surfaces, reticulate
veins conspicuous between secondary veins, intramarginal veinsnear margin, base broadly cuneate, apex acuminate and with aca. 1 cm obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal or axillary apically on branchlets, paniculate cymes, 5–10 cm; peduncle very
short at most apical part. Flower buds 8–9 × ca. 2.5 mm. Flowers in several-flowered clusters. Hypanthium grayish white. Calyx lobes 1–1.5 mm, obtusely triangular. Anthers rounded. Styleca. 3 mm. Fl. Feb–Apr.
● Open or dense broad-leaved evergreen forests, slopes; 1000–
1300 m. S Yunnan.

43. Syzygium szemaoense Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 105. 1938.
思茅蒲桃 si mao pu tao
Shrubs or trees, 4–8 m tall. Branchlets grayish brownwhen dry, ridged; old branches brown, terete. Petiole 3–5 mm;
leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 4–10 × 1.7–4 cm, leathery, abaxially dark brown when dry, adaxially blackish brownand not glossy when dry, abaxially with numerous raised
glands, adaxially with numerous small impressed glands, secondary veins numerous, 2–3.5 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 70°
from midvein, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex acuminate and sometimes sharply pointed or with an
obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, paniculate
cymes, ca. 1.5 cm, 3–9-flowered; peduncle 2–5 mm. Flower
buds obovoid, ca. 3.5 mm. Hypanthium inconspicuous. Petals
distinct, ca. 3 mm. Stamens ca. 4 mm. Fruit purple when ripe,
ellipsoid-ovoid, 1–1.5 × 0.8–1 cm. Seed 1 per fruit; embryos
numerous. Fl. Jul–Aug, fr. Sep–Dec.
Sparse or dense forests, mountain slopes or summits; 500–1600
m. Guangxi, S Yunnan [Vietnam].

44. Syzygium austrosinense (Merrill & L. M. Perry) Hung T.
Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 24. 1982.
华南蒲桃 hua nan pu tao
Syzygium buxifolium Hooker & Arnott var. austrosinense
Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 236. 1938.
Shrubs to trees, to 17 m tall, d.b.h. to 30 cm. Branchlets
brown when dry, 4-angled. Petiole 2–5 mm; leaf blade elliptic,(2.5–)4–7 × (1–)2–3 cm, leathery, both surfaces greenish brownwhen dry, abaxially with raised glands, adaxially glandular,
secondary veins 1.5–2 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 70° frommidvein, abaxially slightly conspicuous, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins less than 1 mm from margin, basebroadly cuneate, apex acute to slightly obtuse. Inflorescences
terminal or subterminal, cymes, 1.5–2.5 cm. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 4 mm. Hypanthium obconic, 2.5–3 mm. Calyx lobes
4, shortly triangular. Petals distinct, obovate, ca. 2.5 mm. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style 3–4 mm. Fruit black, globose, 6–7 mm indiam. Fl. Jun–Aug.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests; 200–800(–2300) m. Fujian,MYRTACEAE

Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang.

45. Syzygium kusukusense (Hayata) Mori, Trans. Nat. Hist.
Soc. Taiwan 28: 504. 1938.
恒春蒲桃 heng chun pu tao
Eugenia kusukusensis Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 119.
1913.
Trees, small. Branchlets terete. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade
oblong to ovate-lanceolate, 9–14 × ca. 4 cm, leathery, both surfaces glandular, adaxially dark brown and glossy when dry,
secondary veins numerous, dense, parallel, 2–3 mm apart, slowly ascending, and conspicuous on both surfaces, intramarginalveins near margin, base cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences
terminal, paniculate cymes, ca. 4 × 6 cm, branched. Hypanthium 3–5 mm, obconic. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals coherent. Stamens ca. 1.5 mm. Fruit purplish red, globose, ca. 2 cm
in diam. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Nov–Dec.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes; 500–800 m.
Taiwan (Hengchun Peninsula).

46. Syzygium simile (Merrill) Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 79: 414.
1951.
兰屿赤楠 lan yu chi nan
Eugenia similis Merrill, Philipp. J. Sci. 1(Suppl.): 106. 1906;
Syzygium lanyuense E. C. Chang.
Trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets light brown, slender; older
branchlets dark brown, terete, glabrous. Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf
blade oblanceolate, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, 7–8 × 3.5–4 cm,
subleathery, adaxially glandular punctate, secondary veins 8–9
on each side of midvein, ca. 8 mm apart, and inconspicuous, intramarginal veins 2–3 mm from margin, base attenuate to cuneate, margins slightly revolute, apex cuspidate. Inflorescences
axillary, cymes 3–4 cm, few-flowered; branches short, opposite.
Flowers pink, ca. 3 mm. Hypanthium campanulate. Calyx lobes
broadly triangular, very short. Petals coherent. Stamens numerous, ca. 3 mm; anthers elliptic, small. Style ca. 3 mm; stigma
sharp. Fruit blackish purple, globose, ca. 3 mm in diam., apically with a persistent calyx rim. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Sep.

353

apex caudate-acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, paniculate cymes, 2–4 cm. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 4 mm.
Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3 mm, corrugate when dry, glaucous.
Calyx lobes 4 or 5, short, rounded. Petals white, distinct or coherent. Stamens and style very short. Fruit globose, 6–7 mm indiam., slightly glaucous. Fl. May–Aug, fr. (Sep–)Dec–Jan.
Sparse forests, broad-leaved evergreen forests in mountains,valleys, streamsides; below 100–400 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan[Vietnam].

48. Syzygium album Q. F. Zheng, Fl. Fujian. 4: 633. 1989.
白果蒲桃 bai guo pu tao
Trees, to 15 m tall. Branchlets reddish brown, thin, terete.
Petiole 2–4 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to elliptic, 5–9 ×
1.5–3 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale when dry, adaxially
reddish brown and glossy when dry, adaxially with numerous
impressed glands, secondary veins 11–14 on each side of midvein, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base broadly
cuneate, margins slightly revolute, apex caudate-acuminate andwith an acumen to 2 cm. Flowers not known. Infructescenceterminal, cymose, ca. 9 cm, sparse. Fruit white, globose, 0.8–
1.2 cm in diam. Fr. Apr.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, hills. Fujian (Yunxiao).

49. Syzygium chunianum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 240. 1938.
密脉蒲桃 mi mai pu tao

Broad-leaved evergreen forests, hillsides; 100–400 m. Taiwan(Huoshao Dao, Lan Yu) [Philippines].

Trees, to 22 m tall. Branchlets gray when dry, slender,rounded; old branches grayish brown. Petiole 7–12 mm; leaf
blade elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 4–10 × 1.5–4.5 cm, thinly
leathery, abaxially yellowish brown when dry, adaxially olive
green or turning grayish brown when dry, both surfaces withsmall glands, secondary veins numerous, less than 1 mm apart,and gradually extending into margin, intramarginal veins very
close to margin, base broadly cuneate to slightly obtuse, apex
broadly and abruptly acuminate and with a 1–1.5 cm acumen.
Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, paniculate cymes, 1.5–3
cm, few-branched, 3–9-flowered. Flower buds ca. 2.5 mm. Hypanthium ca. 2 mm, apex plano-truncate. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals coherent. Stamens and style very short. Fruit
greenish white, red, or black, globose, 6–7 mm in diam. Fl.
Jun–Jul, fr. Aug–Dec.

47. Syzygium odoratum (Loureiro) Candolle, Prodr. 3: 260.
1828.

● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, hills; 300–900(–1100) m.
Guangxi, Hainan.

香蒲桃 xiang pu tao

50. Syzygium kwangtungense (Merrill) Merrill & L. M. Perry,
J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 241. 1938.

Opa odorata Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1: 309. 1790; Eugenia deckeri Gagnepain; E. millettiana Hemsley.

广东蒲桃 guang dong pu tao

Trees, to 20 m tall, d.b.h. to 30 cm. Branchlets grayish
brown when dry, slender, terete or slightly compressed. Petiole
3–5 mm; leaf blade ovate-lanceolate to ovate-oblong, 3–7 × 1–2
cm, leathery, abaxially olive green when dry, adaxially glossy
and with numerous impressed glands, secondary veins numerous, ca. 2 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginalveins ca. 1 mm from margin, base obtuse to broadly cuneate,

Eugenia kwangtungensis Merrill, Sunyatsenia 1: 202. 1934.
Trees, to 5 m tall. Branchlets dark brown when dry, tereteor slightly compressed; old branches brown. Petiole 3–5 mm;
leaf blade elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 5–8 × 1.5–4 cm, leathery,
abaxially brown to reddish brown when dry, adaxially darkbrown and not glossy when dry, abaxially glandular, adaxiallywith numerous impressed glands, secondary veins 3–4 mmapart, at an angle of ca. 60° from midvein, and inconspicuous

MYRTACEAE

354

on both surfaces, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin,base broadly cuneate to obtuse, apex obtuse to slightly acute.
Inflorescences terminal or axillary, paniculate cymes, 2–4 cm;
peduncle ± ridged. Flower buds 3–4 mm. Hypanthium obconic,
ca. 3 mm. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals white, coherent,
ca. 3 mm in diam. Stamens 7–8 mm. Style as long as stamens.
Fruit black, globose, 7–9 mm in diam. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Oct–Dec.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes, streamsides;
below 100–600 m. Guangdong, Guangxi.

51. Syzygium bullockii (Hance) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 107. 1938.
黑嘴蒲桃 hei zui pu tao
Eugenia bullockii Hance, J. Bot. 16. 227. 1878.
Shrubs to trees, to 5 m tall. Branchlets grayish white whendry, slightly compressed. Leaves very shortly petiolate to nearlysessile; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-oblong, 4–12 × 2.5–5.5 cm,
leathery, abaxially slightly pale when dry, adaxially dark brownand glossy when dry, secondary veins numerous and at an angleof ca. 70° from midvein, intramarginal veins 1–2 mm frommargin, base rounded to slightly cordate, apex acuminate andwith an obtuse acumen. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate
cymes, 2–4 cm, many-flowered, branched; peduncle less than 1
cm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 4 mm. Calyx lobes wavy. Petals
white, coherent. Filaments distinct, 4–6 mm. Style as long as
stamens. Fruit red to black, ellipsoid, ca. 10 × 8 mm. Fl. Mar–
Aug(–Oct).

Eugenia toddalioides Wight, Ill. Ind. Bot. 2: 16. 1841;
Syzygium augustinii Merrill & L. M. Perry.
Trees, to 6 m tall. Branchlets gray when dry, compressed,
shallowly grooved; old branches reddish brown. Petiole 7–10(–15) mm; leaf blade elliptic, 9–12 × 3.5–6 cm, leathery, abaxiallyslightly pale when dry, adaxially green when dry, adaxially withconspicuous glands, midvein impressed, secondary veins numerous, slender, dense, and parallel, reticulate veins evident between secondary veins, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex slightly acute to acuminate and with an
obtuse acumen. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, 3–9
cm. Hypanthium broadly obconic, ca. 5 × 5 mm, base contracted. Calyx lobes 1.5–2 × ca. 2 mm, apex rounded. Petals coherent. Stamens numerous, longer than petals; anthers ca. 0.8
mm. Style ca. 1 cm. Fruit purplish black, ellipsoid-ovoid, 1–1.5
cm. Fl. Sep–Nov, fr. Dec–Feb.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests, secondary forests, valleys, hills;
1400–2300 m. S Yunnan. [India, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].

54. Syzygium densinervium (Merrill) Merrill var. insulare C.
E. Chang, Bull. Taiwan Prov. Pingtung Inst. Agric. 5: 52. 1964.
岛生蒲桃 dao sheng pu tao

52. Syzygium paucivenium (C. B. Robinson) Merrill, Philipp.
J. Sci. 79: 408. 1951.

Trees, small, glabrous. Branches pale brown to grayish,
terete. Petiole 1.5–2 cm; leaf blade obovate-oblong, 6–8 × 3–
3.5 cm, thickly leathery, glabrous, adaxially with numerous
obscure glands, secondary veins numerous, base attenuate to
cuneate, apex obtuse to sometimes shortly acuminate. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, ca. 6 cm; branches stout, ultimate
branches short. Hypanthium funnel-shaped. Calyx lobes short,irregular. Petals coherent. Stamens numerous. Fruit reddish
when ripe, ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 12 × 6 mm, glabrous; persistentcalyx forming an apical rim.

圆顶蒲桃 yuan ding pu tao● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes; low elevation.
Taiwan (Hengchun Peninsula, Huoshao Dao, Lan Yu).

Eugenia paucivenia C. B. Robinson, Philipp. J. Sci. 4: 382.
1909; E. kashotoensis Hayata; Syzygium kashotoense (Hayata)Mori.

Syzygium densinervium var. densinervium occurs in the Philippines.

Secondary forests on flat areas, scrub at seaside; below 100–300(–400) m. W Guangdong, W Guangxi, Hainan [Laos, Vietnam].

Trees, small. Branches dense; branchlets grayish brownwhen dry, terete. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade elliptic to obovateoblong, 3–5 × 2–2.5 cm, leathery to stiffly papery, abaxiallybrown when dry, adaxially dark brown when dry, abaxially withinconspicuous glands, adaxially with numerous small glands,
secondary veins 2–3 mm apart, at an angle of 45°–55° frommidvein, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially slightly impressed, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex rounded. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, 3–4
cm; branches short, dense. Flower buds pyriform, ca. 5 mm,
apex rounded. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 4 mm. Calyx lobes
inconspicuous. Petals 4, coherent, rounded, ca. 3 mm. Stamens
4–6 mm. Style ca. 5 mm.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests, windswept hills, 200–400 m. Taiwan (Huoshao Dao, Lan Yu) [Philippines].

53. Syzygium toddalioides (Wight) Walpers, Repert. Bot. Syst.
2: 179. 1843.
假乌墨 jia wu mo

55. Syzygium myrsinifolium (Hance) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 226. 1938.
竹叶蒲桃 zhu ye pu tao
Shrubs or trees, to 6 m tall, d.b.h. to 20 cm. Branchlets
grayish brown when dry, terete; old branches gray. Petiole 5–7mm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate to narrowly lanceolate, 8–12 ×
1.5–2.5(–3) cm, leathery, abaxially pale brown when dry, adaxially blackish brown and slightly glossy when dry, adaxiallywith numerous glands, secondary veins numerous, ca. 1.5 mm
apart, at an angle of 40°–45° from midvein, abaxially raised,and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins very close to
margin, base cuneate, apex acuminate and with an obtuse
acumen or slightly acute. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate
cymes, 4–7 cm, many flowered; peduncle with numerous mammilla or squarrose trichomes. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 5 mm.
Hypanthium narrowly obconic, 4–7 mm. Calyx lobes 4 or 5,
wavy. Petals coherent. Stamens 4–9 mm. Style 0.6–1.4 cm.
Fruit purplish red to black, ellipsoid, 1–1.4 cm, with a shallowly
cup-shaped calyx limbs at apical part. Fl. Dec–May, fr. Jun–Jul
or Nov–Dec.

MYRTACEAE● Slopes, streamsides; low to middle elevations. Hainan, Yunnan.

1a. Flowers small; hypanthium ca. 4mm; stamens 4–7 mm; style 0.6–0.8
cm ................................................... 55a. var. myrsinifolium
1b. Flowers large; hypanthium
6–7 mm; stamens 7–9 mm; style
1.2–1.4 cm ...................................... 55b. var. grandiflorum
55a. Syzygium myrsinifolium var. myrsinifolium
竹叶蒲桃(原变种) zhu ye pu tao (yuan bian zhong)Eugenia myrsinifolia Hance, J. Bot. 23: 8. 1885.
Hypanthium ca. 4 mm. Stamens 4–7 mm. Style 0.6–0.8 cm.
● Hainan, Yunnan.

55b. Syzygium myrsinifolium var. grandiflorum Hung T.
Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 21. 1982.
大花竹叶蒲桃 da hua zhu ye pu tao
Hypanthium 6–7 mm. Stamens 7–9 mm. Style 1.2–1.4 cm.
● Hainan.

56. Syzygium rehderianum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 243. 1938.
红枝蒲桃 hong zhi pu tao
Shrubs or trees, to 13 m tall, d.b.h. to 18 cm. Branchlets
red, brown when dry, terete, slightly compressed; old branches
grayish brown. Petiole 7–9 mm; leaf blade elliptic to narrowly
elliptic, 4–7 × 2.5–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale whendry, adaxially grayish brown to blackish brown and not glossy
when dry, abaxially with numerous glands, adaxially with numerous small glands, secondary veins 2–3.5 mm apart, at anangle of ca. 50° from midvein, abaxially slightly raised, andadaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins 1–1.5 mm frommargin, base broadly cuneate, apex abruptly acuminate andwith a 5–10 mm obtuse acumen. Inflorescences axillary in axils
apically on branches, cymes, 1–2 cm, usually with 5 or 6
branches. Flower buds ca. 3.5 mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3
mm, apically flatted truncate. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals
white, coherent. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style slender, as long as stamens. Fruit black, ellipsoid-ovoid, 1.5–2 × ca. 1 cm. Fl. Jun–
Aug, fr. Nov–Jan.
● Open to dense forests, valleys, hills, streamsides; 100–1000 m.
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan.

57. Syzygium cumini (Linnaeus) Skeels, U.S.D.A. Bur. Pl. Industr. Bull. 248: 25. 1912.
乌墨 wu mo
Trees, 6–20 m tall. Branchlets grayish white when dry,
terete. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade broadly elliptic to narrowly
elliptic, 6–12 × 3.5–7 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly pale whendry, adaxially brownish green to blackish brown and slightly
glossy when dry, both surfaces with small glands, secondaryveins numerous, 1–2 mm apart, and gradually extending into
margin, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate to rarely rounded, apex rounded to obtuse and with a355

short cusp. Inflorescences axillary on flowering branches oroccasionally terminal, paniculate cymes, to 11 cm. Hypanthium
obconic or long pyriform, ca. 4 mm or 7–8 mm. Calyx lobes inconspicuous, 0.3–0.7 mm. Petals 4, white or light purple, coherent, ovate and slightly rounded, ca. 2.5 mm. Stamens 3–4 mm.
Style as long as stamens. Fruit red to black, ellipsoid to potshaped, 1–2 cm, 1-seeded; persistent calyx tube 1–1.5 mm. Fl.
Feb–Mar or Apr–May, fr. Jun–Sep.
Secondary forests on level areas, wastelands, streamsides; below
100 to 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan,
India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam;
Australia].

1a. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 4 mm ................ 57a. var. cumini
1b. Hypanthium long pyriform, 7–8 mm ............. 57b. var. tsoi
57a. Syzygium cumini var. cumini
乌墨(原变种) wu mo (yuan bian zhong)Myrtus cumini Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 471. 1753; Eugenia
cumini (Linnaeus) Druce; E. jambolana Lamarck; Jamboliferachinensis Sprengel; Syzygium jambolanum (Lamarck) Candolle.
Hypanthium obconic, ca. 4 mm.
Secondary forests on level areas, wastelands, streamsides; below
100 to 1200 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan [Bhutan,
India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Vietnam;
Australia].

57b. Syzygium cumini var. tsoi (Merrill & Chun) Hung T.
Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 22. 1982.
长萼乌墨 chang e wu mo
Eugenia tsoi Merrill & Chun, Sunyatsenia 2: 291. 1935.
Hypanthium long pyriform, 7–8 mm.
● Guangxi, Hainan.

58. Syzygium fruticosum Roxburgh ex Candolle, Prodr. 3: 260.
1828.
簇花蒲桃 cu hua pu tao
Eugenia fruticosa (Roxburgh ex Candolle) Roxburgh.
Trees, to 12 m tall. Branchlets dark brown when dry, compressed or grooved; old branches grayish white. Petiole 1–1.5
cm; leaf blade narrowly elliptic to elliptic, 9–13 × 3.5–5.5 cm,
thinly leathery, abaxially reddish brown when dry, adaxiallybrown and glossy when dry, both surfaces with numerous
glands, secondary veins numerous, 2–3 mm apart, and gradually extending into margin, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm frommargin, base broadly cuneate to slightly rounded, apex acuminate. Inflorescences lateral below leaves, paniculate cymes, 4–7
cm. Hypanthium obconic, 2–2.5 mm. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals 4, distinct, rounded, 1–1.5 mm wide. Stamens 1.5–
2.5 mm. Style as long as stamens. Fruit red when ripe, globose,
6–7 mm in diam., 1-seeded. Fl. May–Jun, fr. Jun–Jul.
Sparse forests, wastelands; 500–1700 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, S
Yunnan [Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Thailand].

MYRTACEAE

356

59. Syzygium fluviatile (Hemsley) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 241. 1938.
水竹蒲桃 shui zhu pu tao
Eugenia fluviatilis Hemsley, J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 23: 296.
1887.
Shrubs, 1–3 m tall. Branchlets brown when dry, terete. Petiole ca. 2 mm; leaf blade linear-lanceolate, 3–8 × 0.7–1.4 cm,
leathery, abaxially yellowish brown when dry, adaxially darkbrown and not glossy when dry, abaxially with numerous small
raised glands, adaxially with numerous impressed glands, secondary veins numerous, 1.5–2 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 40°
from midvein, abaxially slightly raised, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 0.3 mm from margin, basegradually narrowed, apex obtuse to slightly rounded. Inflorescences axillary, cymes, 1–2 cm. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 4
mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3.5 mm. Calyx lobes 4, very
short. Petals white or purple, distinct, rounded, ca. 4 mm. Stamens 4–5 mm. Style as long as stamens. Fruit black when ripe,
globose, 6–7 mm in diam. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Sep–Dec.
● Streamsides in forests; 100–1000 m. Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan.

60. Syzygium euonymifolium (F. P. Metcalf) Merrill & L. M.
Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 242. 1938.
卫矛叶蒲桃 wei mao ye pu tao
Eugenia euonymifolia F. P. Metcalf, Lingnan Sci. J. 11:
22. 1932.
Trees, to 12 m tall. Branchlets gray when dry, terete orcompressed, pubescent; old branches grayish white. Petiole 8–
10 mm; leaf blade elliptic to broadly elliptic, 5–9 × 3–4 cm,
thinly leathery, both surfaces grayish green when dry and withnumerous small glands, adaxially not glossy, secondary veins
2–3 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 60° from midvein, abaxiallyslightly raised, and adaxially conspicuous, intramarginal veins
ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate and decurrent, apex acuminate and with a 1–1.5 cm cusp. Inflorescences axillary, cymes,
ca. 1 cm, 6–11-flowered. Flower buds ca. 2.5 mm. Hypanthium
obconic, 1.5–2 mm, glandular punctate. Calyx lobes 4, short,obtuse. Petals white, distinct, rounded, ca. 2 mm. Stamens 2.5–
3 mm. Style as long as stamens. Fruit purple to black, globose,
6–7 mm in diam. Fl. May–Aug, fr. Dec–Jan.
● Open or dense forests, hills, valleys, streamsides, trailsides; 100–
500 m. Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi.

61. Syzygium hancei Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor.
19: 242. 1938.
红鳞蒲桃 hong lin pu tao
Eugenia minutiflora Hance, J. Bot. 9: 5. 1871.
Shrubs or trees, to 20 m tall, d.b.h. 30–40 cm. Branchlets
turning blackish brown when dry, terete. Petiole 3–6 mm; leaf
blade narrowly elliptic, oblong, or obovate, 3–7 × 1.5–4 cm,
leathery, both surfaces dark brown when dry, adaxially not
glossy and with numerous small impressed glands, secondaryveins ca. 2 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 60° from midvein, andinconspicuous on both surfaces, intramarginal veins ca. 0.5 mm
from margin, base broadly cuneate to narrow, apex obtuse toslightly acute. Inflorescences axillary, paniculate cymes, 1–1.5
cm, many-flowered. Flower buds obovoid, ca. 2 mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 1.5 mm. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals
4, distinct, rounded, ca. 1 mm. Stamens slightly shorter thanpetals. Style as long as petals. Fruit red to black, globose, 10–12
× 5–8 mm. Fl. Jul–Sep, fr. Nov–Jan.
● Dense or sparse forests, scrub, hills, slopes; 100–800(–1200) m.
Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan.

62. Syzygium buxifolioideum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 20. 1982.
假赤楠 jia chi nan
Shrubs or trees, to 3 m tall. Branchlets grayish white whendry, terete, slender. Petiole 3–4 mm; leaf blade elliptic, 3–4 ×
1.5–2 cm, leathery, both surfaces olive green when dry, abaxially with raised glands, adaxially not glossy and with numerous
small impressed glands, secondary veins ca. 2 mm apart, at anangle of ca. 45° from midvein, abaxially slightly visible, andadaxially inconspicuous, reticulate veins inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 0.5 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate,apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, cymes, ca. 1 cm, fewflowered. Flower buds 3–4 mm. Fruit globose, 1–1.2 cm in diam.,
1-seeded; persistent calyx limbs ca. 1 × 2.5 mm. Fr. Nov.
● Dense forests; low elevations. Hainan (Baoting).

63. Syzygium hainanense Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 20. 1982.
海南蒲桃 hai nan pu tao
Trees, to 5 m tall. Branchlets brown when dry, terete; oldbranches grayish white. Petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, 8–
11 × 3.5–5 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown when dry,
adaxially brown and slightly glossy when dry, adaxially withnumerous glands, secondary veins numerous, 1–1.5 mm apart,at an angle of 75°–80° from midvein, abaxially raised, and adaxially visible, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin,base broadly cuneate, apex acute and with a 1.5–2 cm cusp.
Flowers not seen. Infructescence axillary, cymose. Fruit ellipsoid to obovoid, 1.2–1.5 × 0.8–0.9 cm; persistent calyx lobes
ca. 0.5 × 4 mm. Seeds 2 per fruit, 6–7 × 6–7 mm.
● Forests; low elevations. Hainan (Changjiang).

64. Syzygium araiocladum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 225. 1938.
线枝蒲桃 xian zhi pu tao
Trees, to 10 m tall. Branchlets brown when dry, very slender, terete. Petiole 2–3 mm; leaf blade ovate-long lanceolate, 3–
5.5 × 1–1.5 cm, leathery, abaxially with numerous small glands,
adaxially olive green when dry, secondary veins numerous, ca.
1.5 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 70° from midvein, and inconspicuous on both surfaces, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm frommargin, base broadly cuneate, apex long caudate-acuminate andwith a ca. 2 cm acute and curved acumen. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, cymes, ca. 1.5 cm. Flower buds shortly clavate,

MYRTACEAE

7–8 mm. Hypanthium ca. 7 mm, corrugate when dry, glaucous.
Calyx lobes 4 or 5, triangular, ca. 0.8 mm, apex acute. Petals
white, faintly fragrant, 4 or 5, distinct, ovate, ca. 2 mm. Stamens
3–4 mm. Style ca. 5 mm. Fruit subglobose, 5–7 × 4–6 mm. Fl.
May–Jun, fr. Nov.
Rain forests; 300–1100 m. Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].

65. Syzygium zeylanicum (Linnaeus) Candolle, Prodr. 3: 260.
1828.
锡兰蒲桃 xi lan pu tao
Myrtus zeylanica Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 472. 1753; Eugenia
varians Miquel; E. zeylanica (Linnaeus) Wight; Jambosa bracteata Miquel; Syzygium myrtifolium Miquel.
Trees, to 12 m tall. Branchlets yellowish brown when dry,
terete; old branches grayish brown. Petiole 4–7 mm; leaf blade
thinly long ovate to ovate-oblong, 8–10.5 × 3–4.5 cm, leathery,
abaxially yellowish brown when dry, adaxially olive green andglossy when dry, secondary veins numerous, 2–3 mm apart, at
an angle of 80°–85° from midvein, abaxially slightly raised, andadaxially conspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base rounded to obtuse, apex acuminate to caudate-acuminate and with a 1–1.5 cm cusp. Inflorescences terminal or subterminal, paniculate cymes, 2–4 cm; peduncle slender. Flower
buds clavate, ca. 7 mm. Hypanthium 5–6 mm. Calyx lobes 4 or
5, reniform rounded, ca. 1 mm. Petals pale yellow, distinct,
obovate, 3–4 mm. Stamens longer than petals. Fruit white, globose, 5–6 × ca. 7 mm. Fl. Apr–Jul, fr. Nov.
Forests or woodland margins. W Guangdong, S Guangxi [Cambodia, India, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand,
Vietnam].

66. Syzygium melanophyllum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 22. 1982.
黑长叶蒲桃 hei chang ye pu tao
Trees, to 16 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown when dry,
terete. Petiole 1–2 cm; leaf blade narrow oblong to lanceolate,
14–20 × 4–5.5 cm, leathery, abaxially blackish brown when dry,
adaxially black and glossy when dry, both surfaces coarse orsometimes smooth, adaxially usually tubercular, secondary veins
23–32 on each side of midvein, 5–8 mm apart, at an angle of ca.
55° from midvein, and conspicuously raised on both surfaces,
reticulate veins conspicuous, intramarginal veins 1.5–2 mm frommargin, base cuneate, apex acuminate and with a slightly obtuse
cusp. Flowers not seen. Infructescences terminal, cymose, ca. 7
cm; peduncle 1–1.5 cm. Fruit globose, ca. 2 cm in diam. (immature), glaucous; pericarp thick, fleshy. Fr. Apr–May.
● Secondary forests, mountain slopes; ca. 1400 m. Yunnan (Mengla).

67. Syzygium brachythyrsum Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19: 239. 1938.
短序蒲桃 duan xu pu tao
Trees, 5–12 m tall. Branchlets grayish brown when dry,
slender, terete or slightly compressed. Petiole blackish brown,ca. 1 cm, slender; leaf blade elliptic to elliptic-ovate, 8–12 ×

357

2.5–5 cm, stiffly papery, abaxially yellowish brown when dry,
adaxially dark brown when dry, secondary veins numerous, 1–2
mm apart, slowly ascending, abaxially raised, adaxially obvious, reticulate veins sparse, intramarginal veins close to margin, base cuneate, apex caudate-acuminate and with a ca. 1.5 cm
cusp. Inflorescences terminal, cymes; peduncle 1–1.5 cm, secondary branches very short. Flower buds ca. 6 × 4.5 mm.
Hypanthium ellipsoid. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 1 × 2mm, apex obtuse. Petals pale green, distinct, ovate, ca. 3 mm.
Stamens 2–3 mm. Fruit red, globose, 1.5–2 cm in diam. Fl.
Jun–Aug, fr. Aug–Oct.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes; 1800–2000 m.
SE Yunnan.

68. Syzygium euphlebium (Hayata) Mori, Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc.
Taiwan 28: 439. 1938.
细叶蒲桃 xi ye pu tao
Eugenia euphlebia Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 3: 119.
1913.
Shrubs or trees, 3–6 m tall, d.b.h. to 7 cm. Branchlets
grayish white when dry, subterete to slightly angled, slender.
Petiole ca. 1 cm; leaf blade obovate to elliptic, 5–6 × 2–3 cm,
stiffly papery, abaxially brownish when dry, adaxially dark olive
green and not glossy when dry, abaxially with conspicuous
glands, adaxially with minute glands, secondary veins numerous, ca. 2 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 65° from midvein, andslightly raised on both surfaces when dry, base cuneate, apex
acuminate and with an obtuse cusp. Inflorescences terminal,
paniculate cymes, 2- or 3-branched, few-flowered. Hypanthium
campanulate, ca. 3 × 3.5 mm. Calyx lobes 4, ca. 0.5 mm, apex
very obtuse. Petals 4, rounded, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 3–5 mm.
Style ca. 6 mm. Fruit purplish red to dark red, ellipsoid, ca. 1.5
× 1 cm. Fl. Jun–Jul, fr. Dec–Jan.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, mountain slopes; 400–700 m.
Taiwan (Hengchun Peninsula).

69. Syzygium jienfunicum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 19. 1982.
尖峰蒲桃 jian feng pu tao
Trees. Branchlets dark grayish brown, terete or obtusely
ridged. Petiole 4–7 mm; leaf blade oblong, 5–7.5 × 2.5–3.5 cm,
leathery, abaxially brownish when dry, adaxially grayish brownand slightly glossy when dry, adaxially with numerous small
glands, secondary veins 2–3 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 60°
from midvein, abaxially slightly visible, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate
and decurrent, apex acuminate to mucronate. Flowers not seen.
Infructescences terminal, cymose. Fruit globose, ca. 1 cm indiam., 1-seeded. Fr. Jan.
● Sparse forests. SW Hainan (Ledong).

70. Syzygium howii Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold Arbor. 19:243. 1938.
万宁蒲桃 wan ning pu tao
Trees, to 10 m tall, d.b.h. to 30 cm. Branchlets gray whendry, terete, grooved. Petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf blade broadly ellip-

358

MYRTACEAE

tic to obovate, 2.5–6.5 × 1.5–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially palewhen dry, adaxially yellowish brown when dry, abaxially withnumerous glands, adaxially with numerous minute appressed
glands, secondary veins 9–13 on each side of midvein, 2–3 mmapart, slowly ascending, and inconspicuous on both surfaces orabaxially visible, intramarginal veins essentially at margin, basecuneate, apex obtuse to abruptly mucronate and with a ca. 8
mm cusp. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, ca. 1.5 cm;
peduncle ca. 1 cm. Flower buds obovoid, 2.5–3 mm. Hypanthium ca. 2.5 mm, slightly ridged, apex shallowly wavy or flattened truncate. Stamens 2–3 mm; anthers very small. Fruit black,
subglobose, ca. 1.6 × 1.8 cm. Fl. Jun–Sep, fr. Nov–Mar.
● Dense broad-leaved evergreen forests, valleys, mountain summits, streamsides; 400–1000(–2900) m. Hainan.

71. Syzygium congestiflorum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 19. 1982.
团花蒲桃 tuan hua pu tao
Shrubs, to 3 m tall. Branchlets brown when dry, terete; oldbranches grayish white when dry, stout. Petiole 2–4 mm; leaf
blade oblong-oblanceolate, 4–6 × 1.5–2 cm, leathery, abaxiallybrownish when dry, adaxially grayish brown when dry, abaxially with conspicuous black glands, adaxially with numerous
black glands, secondary veins 1.5–2.5 mm apart, at an angle ofca. 45° from midvein, and conspicuous on both surfaces, reticulate veins inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex rounded to obtuse. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, 1–1.5 cm, branchless; peduncle ca. 8 mm. Flower
buds globose, ca. 3 mm in diam. Hypanthium shortly obconic,
ca. 2 mm. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals distinct, rounded,ca. 2 mm. Stamens 1.5–2 mm; anthers white, short, small. Style
2–2.5 mm. Fruit globose, ca. 1 cm in diam. Fl. Mar–Apr, fr.
May–Jun.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, hills; 400–1000 m. S Yunnan(Xishuangbanna).

72. Syzygium formosanum (Hayata) Mori, Trans. Nat. Hist.
Soc. Taiwan 28: 439. 1938.
台湾蒲桃 tai wan pu tao
Eugenia formosana Hayata, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo30(1): 113. 1911; E. acutisepala Hayata; Syzygium acutisepalum (Hayata) Mori.
Shrubs or trees, 3–4 m tall. Branchlets 4-angled or terete,gray or grayish white, glabrous or papillate. Petiole 0.8–1.2 cm,
slender; leaf blade elliptic, obovate-elliptic, or oblong, 4.5–6 ×
1.5–2.7 cm or wider, leathery, abaxially grayish brown to yellowish brown when dry, adaxially brown to dark brown andglossy or not glossy when dry, abaxially with small conspicuous glands, secondary veins ca. 22 on each side of midvein,
slender, and at an angle of 65°–70° from midvein, intramarginalveins ca. 0.5 mm from margin, base cuneate, apex obtuse,
abruptly mucronate, or slightly acute and with an obtuse cusp.
Inflorescences terminal and in axils apically on branches, cymes
arranged into panicles, 3–3.5(–6) cm, 2- or 3-branched; peduncle slightly ridged; bracts aciculate. Flower buds ovoid, 2–
2.5 mm. Hypanthium obconic, 2–4 × ca. 3 mm, base narrow.
Calyx lobes 4, triangular, less than 1 mm. Petals 4, coherent,

suborbicular, ca. 2 mm. Stamens ca. 25; filaments 4–5 mm; anthers short and small. Style ca. 4 mm. Fruit dark red, rounded,ca. 10 × 7–8 mm. Fl. Feb–Mar, fr. Dec–Jan.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests, secondary forests, trailsides;
400–800 m. Taiwan.

73. Syzygium saxatile Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao, Acta
Bot. Yunnan. 4: 22. 1982.
石生蒲桃 shi sheng pu tao
Shrubs. Branchlets terete, glabrous. Petiole ca. 3 mm; leaf
blade oblanceolate, 5–8 × 1.5–2.5 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly brownish when dry, adaxially dark green and glossy whendry, secondary veins dense, intramarginal veins ca. 1 mm frommargin, base cuneate, apex slightly acute. Inflorescences terminal, cymes, 1.5–2 cm, few-flowered; peduncle 5–7 mm. Hypanthium obconic, 4–5 mm, glabrous. Calyx lobes obtuse. Petals 4,
distinct, broadly ovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 3–4 mm. Style aslong as stamens.
● Mountain valleys and slopes, streamsides. Yunnan (Xichou).

74. Syzygium levinei (Merrill) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J. Arnold
Arbor. 19: 110. 1938.
山蒲桃 shan pu tao
Eugenia levinei Merrill, Lingnan Sci. J. 13: 39. 1934.
Trees, 14–24 m tall, d.b.h. to 35 cm. Branchlets grayish
white when dry, terete, chaffy. Petiole 5–7 mm; leaf blade elliptic to ovate-elliptic, 4–8 × 1.5–3.5 cm, leathery, both surfaces
grayish brown when dry and with minute glands, secondaryveins 2–3 mm apart and at an angle of ca. 45° from midvein,
intramarginal veins ca. 0.5 mm from margin, base broadly cuneate, apex acute. Inflorescences terminal or axillary on apicalparts of branchlets, paniculate cymes, 4–7 cm, many-flowered;peduncle squarrose or papillary. Flower buds obovoid, 4–5 mm.
Flowers white. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3 mm. Calyx lobes
very short. Petals 4, distinct, rounded, 2.5–3 mm. Stamen ca.
5 mm. Style ca. 4 mm. Fruit subglobose, 7–8 mm, 1-seeded. Fl.
Jun–Sep, fr. Feb–May.
Sparse or dense forests, hills, streamsides; 100–200 m. Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan [Vietnam].

75. Syzygium thumra (Roxburgh) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 20: 103. 1939.
黑叶蒲桃 hei ye pu tao
Eugenia thumra Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 495.
1832.
Trees, 8–15 m tall, d.b.h. 25–30 cm. Branchlets brownwhen dry, terete or slightly compressed. Petiole 6–8 mm; leaf
blade ovate-elliptic, 10–15 × 5–7 cm, leathery, abaxially blackish brown when dry, adaxially black and glossy when dry,
secondary veins ca. 25 on each side of midvein, 3–6 mm apart,at an angle of ca. 80° from midvein, and raised on both surfaces, reticulate veins conspicuous between secondary veins, intramarginal veins ca. 2 mm from margin, base wide and obtuse,
apex obtuse to slightly acute. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, ca. 9 × 7 cm; peduncle rounded, turning black.
Flower buds obovoid, ca. 5 × 4 mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 3

MYRTACEAE

mm. Calyx lobes 4, semiorbicular, ca. 1 × 2.5 mm. Petals distinct, broadly ovate, ca. 2.5 mm. Stamens 5–8 mm. Style aslong as stamens. Fruit black when dry, globose, ca. 1.2 cm indiam. Fl. Apr, fr. Aug–Oct.
Broad-leaved evergreen forests, open slopes, valleys; 600–
1000(–1200) m. S Yunnan [Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand].

76. Syzygium oblatum (Roxburgh) Wallich ex Steudel, Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 2: 657. 1841.
高檐蒲桃 gao yan pu tao
Eugenia oblata Roxburgh, Fl. Ind., ed. 1832, 2: 493. 1832;
Jambosa pulchella Miquel.

359

when dry, adaxially brown when dry, abaxially densely glandular punctate, adaxially glandular punctate, secondary veins
17–24 on each side of midvein, intramarginal veins 1–2 mmfrom margin, base broadly cuneate, margin slightly revolute,
apex abruptly acuminate. Inflorescences axillary, cymose panicles, 5–7 cm; branchlets 5–8 mm, divaricate, glandular punctate. Flower buds obconic, ca. 8 × 5 mm, apex globose. Hypanthium broadly funnel-shaped, glandular punctate. Calyx lobes
4(or 5), shortly triangular, ca. 1 × 1.5 mm. Petals 4(or 5), distinct, ovately half-rounded, 2–3 × ca. 4 mm, glandular punctate. Stamens numerous, to 8 mm, unequal. Style shorter thanor as long as stamens. Fl. Apr–May.
● Broad-leaved evergreen forests. Yunnan (Mengla).

Trees, 12–20 m tall, d.b.h. to 40 cm. Branchlets dark brownwhen dry, terete. Petiole less than 1 cm; leaf blade elliptic tolong elliptic, 9–12 × 4–6 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly coloredwhen dry, adaxially grayish brown and dull or glossy when dry,
abaxially with numerous small glands, adaxially with inconspicuous glands, midvein impressed, secondary veins numerous, 2–3 mm apart, and nearly extending horizontally, intramarginal veins less than 1 mm from margin, base rounded tobroadly cuneate, apex acuminate. Inflorescences terminal or a
few axillary, paniculate cymes, 4–7 cm, branched; peduncle
short. Hypanthium obconic, 4–5 mm. Calyx lobes 4(or 5),
shortly angular, ca. 1 × 2–3 mm. Petals 4, white, coherent, ovate,ca. 5 mm. Stamens longer than petals. Style nearly as long as
stamens. Fruit globose, 1–1.5 cm in diam., 1-seeded; persistent calyx limb ca. 1.5 mm. Fl. Apr–May, fr. Nov–Jan.
Open to dense forests, mountain slopes, streamsides; 500–1000 m.
Xizang (Cona), S Yunnan [Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Indonesia(Kalimantan), Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam].

77. Syzygium nanpingense Y. Y. Qian, Guihaia 11: 210. 1991.
南屏蒲桃 nan ping pu tao
Trees, 5–8 m tall. Branchlets dark brown, somewhat compressed, glabrous. Petiole 1–1.5 cm; leaf blade elliptic, narrowly oblong, or obovate, 6–13 × 2.3–5(–7) cm, subleathery, abaxially dark green, adaxially light tinged green, adaxially glandular
punctate, secondary veins numerous and 2–3 mm apart, intramarginal veins 1–3 mm from margin, base narrowly cuneate,apex acuminate. Inflorescences axillary on leafless branches,
panicle of cymes, 6–10 cm, many-flowered. Hypanthium yellow, turbinate, 2–2.5 mm. Calyx lobes inconspicuous. Petals 4,
white, distinct, suborbicular, 1–1.5 × 1.5–2 mm, caducous. Stamens numerous, 4–6 mm, equal; anthers ellipsoid, 0.3–0.5 mm.
Style 6–7 mm. Fruit purple to blackish purple, ellipsoid to obovoid, 1–1.6 × 0.7–1.1 cm. Fl. May, fr. Jul.
● Forests, mountain slopes, trailsides; ca. 1400 m. Yunnan(Simao).

78. Syzygium bubengense C. Chen, Harvard Pap. Bot. 11: 25.
2006.
补崩蒲桃 bu beng pu tao
Trees, to 8 m tall. Branchlets 4-angled but becoming terete, covered with rufescent brown bark peeling off in bandshaped strips. Petiole 5–8 mm; leaf blades oblong to elliptic, 8–
10.5 × 3.5–4.5 cm, stiffly papery, abaxially pale greenish brown

79. Syzygium infrarubiginosum Hung T. Chang & R. H. Miao,
Acta Bot. Yunnan. 4: 23. 1982.
褐背蒲桃 he bei pu tao
Trees, to 14 m tall. Branchlets blackish brown when dry,
terete; old branches brown. Petiole 1–1.2 cm; leaf blade elliptic,
6.5–9.5 × 3–4 cm, leathery, abaxially reddish brown when dry,
adaxially blackish brown and not glossy when dry, adaxiallywith numerous small glands, secondary veins dense, 1–1.5 mm
apart, at an angle of ca. 80° from midvein, abaxially slightly
raised, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins ca. 1
mm from margin, base obtuse to broadly cuneate and usually
oblique, apex acute and with a 5–10 mm cusp. Inflorescences
terminal or subterminal, paniculate cymes, 4–6 cm; peduncle 2–
3 cm; secondary peduncle 1–1.5 cm. Flower buds obovoid, ca.
6 mm. Hypanthium obconic, 4–5 mm. Calyx lobes shortly angular. Petals distinct, suborbicular, ca. 2.5 mm in diam. Stamens
ca. 3 mm. Style 4–5 mm. Fl. Nov.
● Dense forests in valleys, on rocks next to water. Hainan (Dongfang).

80. Syzygium lineatum (Candolle) Merrill & L. M. Perry, J.
Arnold Arbor. 19: 109. 1938.
长花蒲桃 chang hua pu tao
Jambosa lineata Candolle, Prodr. 3: 287. 1828; Clavimyrtus latifolia Blume; C. lineata (Candolle) Blume; Myrtus
lineata Blume (1826), not Swartz (1788); Syzygium longiflorum
Presl.
Trees. Branchlets blackish brown when dry, terete; oldbranches grayish white. Petiole 1–1.2 cm; leaf blade elliptic toovate-elliptic, 6–8 × 2.5–3.5 cm, leathery, abaxially slightly
colored when dry, adaxially dark brown and glossy when dry,
abaxially with numerous glands, adaxially with small glands,
secondary veins dense, ca. 1 mm apart, at an angle of ca. 75°
from midvein, abaxially visible but slender, and adaxially inconspicuous, intramarginal veins less than 1 mm from margin,base wide and obtuse, apex acuminate and with a 1–1.5 cm
cusp. Inflorescences terminal, paniculate cymes, 8–10 cm, 3branched, many-flowered. Flower buds pyriform, 6–7 mm. Hypanthium obconic, ca. 5 mm. Calyx lobes semiorbicular, short.
Petals distinct, ovate, ca. 3 mm. Stamens 5–7 mm. Style 6–7
mm. Fruit ellipsoid, ca. 1 cm. Fl. Apr.
Guangxi [Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam].