⽶国FIR probeミッション候補
PRIMA(the PRobe Infrared Missionfor Astrophysic)について
左近 樹 (東京⼤学)
PRIMA team
2022年度光⾚天連シンポジウム「 2030年代の天⽂学と光⾚外地上・スペース計画: ⽇本の戦略」

Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020 (Astro2020)の結果を受けてDecadal reportに FIR probe が SPICA recoveryとして明記

Astrophysics Probe Announcement of Opportunity Community Announcement
released by NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD)on January 11, 2022 (notice ID NNH22ZDA008L)
The National Academiesʼ 2020 Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy andAstrophysics for the 2020s, recommends probe missions to be competed in broad areas identified as important to accomplish
the surveyʼs scientific goals.
For the coming decade, the Decadal Survey recommends
・a far-infrared imaging and spectroscopy mission
・an X-ray mission designed to complement the European Space Agency (ESAʼs) Athena mission.
Cost Cap: The PI-Managed Mission Cost (PIMMC) for an Astrophysics Probe mission is expected to be capped at $1 billion
in fiscal year (FY) 2023 dollars, not including any contributions, the cost of an AO-provided access to space, or any General
Observer (GO)/Guest Investigator (GI) program costs. NASA will provide standard launch services on a single launch vehicle
outside the cost capped PIMMC. PI-provided alternative access to space may not be proposed.
Science Investigations and Data: (1) A pointed observatory will have the bulk of its observing time made available to thecommunity for General Observers (GO). The NASA-managed GO program will be funded outside of the PIMMC. The PI-ledscience team will conduct science investigation(s) with a limited amount of Guaranteed Time Observing (GTO); the PI-ledscience investigations will be funded within the PIMMC. (2) A survey observatory will have all of its survey data madeavailable to the community for Guest Investigators (GI). The NASA-managed GI program will be funded outside of the PIMMC.
The PI-led science team will conduct science investigation(s) with the survey data; the PI-led science investigations will befunded within the PIMMC. (3) All data will be made public as soon as practical through a NASA-managed astrophysics dataarchive. There is no limited data use period, even for pointed data.
The current Astrophysics Probe Program planning budget is sufficient to select and execute one Astrophysics Probe mission.

Astrophysics Probe Announcement of Opportunity Community Announcement
released by NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD)on January 11, 2022 (notice ID NNH22ZDA008L)
Proposals in response to the forthcoming Announcement of Opportunity (AO) will be due not less than 90 days after its final
release. Participation will be open to all categories of U.S. and non-U.S. organizations, including educational institutions,industry, not-for-profit organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, NASA Centers, and other
Government agencies. Participation by NASA Centers must be consistent with NASAʼs Center Roles policies.
The schedule for the solicitation is intended to be:August 16, 2022

2023 Astrophysics Probe Explorer (APEX)DRAFT Announcement of Opportunity Released for Community Comment
Released Date: August 16, 2022, Comments Due: September 29, 2022 (notice ID NNH22ZDA015J)
NASA Strategic Goals:
The NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD) is addressing this strategic goal through broad objectives, one of which is “tounderstand the Sun, Earth, Solar System, and Universe.” SMD addresses this objective by conducting astrophysics investigations
to address the following science goals:• How does the Universe work? Probe the origin and destiny of our universe, including the nature of black holes, dark energy,dark matter and gravity;• How did we get here? Explore the origin and evolution of the galaxies, stars, and planets that make up our universe;• Are we alone? Discover and study planets around other stars, and explore whether they could harbor life.
Astrophysics Probe Explorer Goals and Objectives:
In 2021, the National Academiesʼ 2020 Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomyand Astrophysics for the 2020s (https://www.nap.edu/catalog/26141/pathways-to-discovery-in-astronomy-andastrophysics-for-the-2020s) (2020 Decadal Survey), recommended probe missions to be competed in broad areas identified
as important to accomplish the 2020 Decadal Surveyʼs scientific goals and objectives. Thus, the Probe class of mission wasadded to the Explorers Program portfolio. For the coming decade, the 2020 Decadal Survey recommends a far-infrared
mission or an X-ray mission as a Probe-class mission.
Responses to the APEX AO will be limited to one of those two mission themes: recommended by the Decadal Survey. Theseareas are• A far-infrared imaging or spectroscopy mission• An X-ray probe.
Proposals must be responsive to the preponderance of the mission theme's objectives as provided in Sections 7.5.3.2 through7.5.3.4 of the Decadal Survey.
Participation is open to all categories of organizations or institutions, U.S. or non-U.S., including educational, industrial, andnot-for-profit institutions, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers (FFRDCs) including the Jet Propulsion
Laboratory (JPL), University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs), NASA Centers, and other Government agencies.

2023 Astrophysics Probe Explorer (APEX)DRAFT Announcement of Opportunity Released for Community Comment
Released Date: August 16, 2022, Comments Due: September 29, 2022 (notice ID NNH22ZDA015J)
Proposed Opportunity Period and Schedule
AO Release Date ....................................................................July 2023 target
Preproposal Conference .........................................................AO Release + 3 weeks
Mandatory Notice of Intent to Propose Deadline
at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time ....................................................AO Release + 6 weeks
Electronic Proposal Submittal Deadline
at 11:59 p.m. Eastern Time ....................................................AO Release + 3 months
Letters of Commitment Due (with Proposal).........................AO Release + 3 months
Deadline for Augmented Submission via the NASA Box service
at 4:30 p.m. Eastern Time ......................................................AO Release + 3 months + 1 week
Step-1 Selections Announced (target) ...................................AO Release + 8 months
Initiate Phase A Concept Studies (target) ..............................AO Release + 9 months
Phase A Concept Study Reports Due (target) ........................Early 2025
Down-selection of Investigation(s) for Flight (target) ...........Late 2025
AO-Required Launch Readiness Date ...................................NLT January 2032 (TBR)
Please address comments or questions on the draft AO only via email to the APEX Lead Program Scientist: Dr. Patricia
M. Knezek (subject line to read "APEX DRAFT AO”) at: patricia.m.knezek@nasa.gov. Responses to individual comments
may be given by email or posted in the Q&As (Questions and Answers) section of the Astrophysics Explorers Program
Acquisition website: https://explorers.larc.nasa.gov/2023APPROBE/. Anonymity of persons or institutions submitting
questions will be preserved. The comment period for the draft AO ends on September 29, 2022.

FIR probe candidates (information based on IRSTIG IR Astrophysics Workshop 2022 on 31 March 2022):- PRIMA: a Far-Infrared Astrophysics Probe [Jason Glenn (NASA Goddard), Charles M. Bradford (JPL)]- FIRSST: Far-Infrared Spectroscopy Space Telescope [Asantha Cooray (University of California, Irvine)]- SPIRIT: The Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope [David Leisawitz (NASA Goddard)](à SPICE: Space Interferometer for Cosmic Evolution- SALTUS: Single Aperture Large Telescope for Universe Studies [Chris Walker (University of Arizona)]

PRIMA (The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics)(https://prima.ipac.caltech.edu/)
PRIMA is a cryogenically-cooled, far-infrared observatory for the community for the next decade.
The PRIMA team is studying both a sensitive wideband spectrometer and a multi-band spectrophotometric imager /polarimeter. Key areas of study for the spectrometer include the trade between resolving power, wavelength coverage,
and mapping speed for low-resolution spectroscopy (R~200), as well as the approach to medium-resolving-power
spectroscopy (R~5000). For the imager, the number and wavelengths of the bands, the spectrophotometric channel
width, and the approach to polarimetry are key trades under consideration. Performance estimates for the two PRIMA
instruments will be updated as the concept is further developed.

Newsletter #1
A survey to solicit ideas from the community on both the science and instrumentation
for research in far-IR astronomy was conducted prior to the Community Workshop on March 22, 2022
- 121 response- Strong demand for (1) R~200 spectroscopy, (2) R~103-104 spectroscopy, (3) broadband imaging,(4) polarimetry, (5) 25-200µm wave coverage
Newsletter ‒ Summer 2022
https://prima.ipac.caltech.edu/page/newsletter

PRIMA (The PRobe far-Infrared Mission for Astrophysics)(https://prima.ipac.caltech.edu/)

Newsletter ‒ Summer 2022

Science Steering Committee:
PRIMA Science TeamLee Armus (IPAC)
Cara Battersby (U. Connecticut)
PI: Jason Glenn (NASA GSFC)
Acting Deputy PI/Project Scientist: Matt Bradford (NASA JPL / Caltech) Alberto Bolatto (U. Maryland)
Science Lead: Alexandra Pope (UMass Amherst)
Brandon Hensley (Princeton)
Tiffany Kataria (NASA JPL)
GO Science Lead: Margaret Meixner (USRA)
Elisabeth Mills (U. Kansas)
Arielle Moullet (SOFIA USRA)
Klaus Pontoppidan (Space Telescope)
JD Smith (U. Toledo)
Rachel Somerville (Rutgers / Flatiron)
Johannes Staguhn (JHU / GSFC)

・125 individual science cases are received from our community input survey in February
・The PRIMA team is currently crafting the key scientific narratives and the instrument suite thatwill put PRIMA in a strong competitive position for mission selection.

Instrumentation Optimizes Sensitivity (=speed) & Spectral Coverage
PRIMAGER: Multiband
Spectro-photometric
Imaging and Polarimetry

PRIMA-S Wideband Multi-Mode Spectrometer
Preliminary Performance Estimates
Low-res mode

Imager provided by European
consortium led by CNES and SRON.
D. Burgarella, L. Ciesla, W. Jellema leads

Low-res mode

Preliminary Specifications• R~10 at 25 to 80 microns in two 2x2
arcmin arrays. (12 filter bands)• R~4 in four longer wavelength bands(each 2x2 arcmin), 3 w/ polarimetry.

600

Line Surface Brightness Sensitivity(for mapping ISM in Milky Way & nearby gals., lowres mode)

900300High-Res mode will havecomparable sensitivity and full
spectral coverage with R~30005000 at 100 microns

https://prima.ipac.caltech.edu/download/MediaFile/4/binary/original

PRIMA Science Working Groups
Science steering committee
Margaret Meixner (GO Science Coordinator), Johannes Staguhn, Rachel Somerville, etc.
WG1 Cosmic History of Star and Black Hole Formation Through Cosmic TimeAlexandra Pope, Lee Armus
WG2 Heavy Elements and Dust through Cosmic TimeJD Smith, Brandon Hensley
WG3 Star and Planetary System Formation
Klaus Pontoppidan, Cara Battersby
WG4 Feedback and ISM Physics in GalaxiesAlberto Bolatto, Betsy Mills
WG5 Evolved Planetary Systems and Solar System
Tiffany Kataria, Arielle Moullet
Working group members, anyone is free to join, say up to 2 groups.
Possibility of being promoted to co-I if someone does a lot of work. (Jason Glenn)結語
FIR probeは、Decadal ReportでもSPICA recoceryと明記されている通り、我が国のIRTS、あかり、SPICAの科学および技術ヘリテージを⽣かすことができる⼤変貴重な機会である。
PRIMAのPI: Jason Glenn⽒およびActing deputy PI: Matt Bradford⽒らとの対話に基づいて、Science Working Groupへの参加の⾃薦を募り、⽇本⼈研究者がプロポーザルにおける科学策定活動に関わる道筋を探っている。
興味のある⽅の参加をとりまとめますので、左近（isakon@astron.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp ）までお知らせ下さい。
(GOPIRAメーリングリスト宛案内[gopira:01673]を参照してください)