Domain Ontologies

Hideaki Takeda
National Institute of Informatics
takeda＠nii.ac.jp
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Domain Ontologies
Domain Ontology
n Designed to use in a specific domain or aspect.
l Type of domain ontology
n Ontology for a specific aspectu Ex) Time Ontology
n Ontology for a specific target domain
u PROV-O: The ontology for Provenanceu CIDOC CRM
u Agriculture Activity Ontology (AAO)
lHideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

PROV-O: The Ontology for ProvenancelAIMn Represent and interchange provenance information generated indifferent systems and under different contexts
u Provenance: refers to the sources of information, such asentities and processes, involved in producing or delivering anartifact.** https://www.w3.org/2005/Incubator/prov/wiki/What_Is_Provenance
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

PROV-O: ModelllClassn An prov:Entity is a physical, digital, conceptual, or other kind of thing withsome fixed aspects; entities may be real or imaginary.
n An prov:Activity is something that occurs over a period of time and acts
upon or with entities; it may include consuming, processing, transforming,modifying, relocating, using, or generating entities.
n An prov:Agent is something that bears some form of responsibility for anactivity taking place, for the existence of an entity, or for another agent's
activity.
Propertynnnnnnnn

prov:wasGeneratedBy
prov:wasDerivedFrom
prov:wasAttributedTo
prov:startedAtTime
prov:used prov:wasInformedBy
prov:endedAtTime
prov:wasAssociatedWith
prov:actedOnBehalfOf
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PROV-O: Example

The diagrams in this document depict Entities as yellow ovals, Activities as blue rectangles,
and Agents as orange pentagons. The responsibility properties are shown in pink.
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
@prefix : <http://example.org#> .
:bar_chart
a prov:Entity;
prov:wasGeneratedBy :illustrationActivity;
prov:wasDerivedFrom :aggregatedByRegions;prov:wasAttributedTo :derek;.
:dereka foaf:Person, prov:Agent;foaf:givenName"Derek";foaf:mbox<mailto:derek@example.org>;
prov:actedOnBehalfOf :natonal_newspaper_inc;.

:aggregatedByRegions
a prov:Entity;
prov:wasGeneratedBy :aggregationActivity;
prov:wasAttributedTo :derek;.
:aggregationActivity
a prov:Activity;
prov:startedAtTime "2011-0714T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
prov:wasAssociatedWith :derek;
prov:used:crimeData;
prov:used:nationalRegionsList;
prov:endedAtTime"2011-0714T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;.

:national_newspaper_inc
a foaf:Organization, prov:Agent;foaf:name "National Newspaper, Inc.";.

:crimeData
a prov:Entity;
prov:wasAttributedTo :government;.
:government a foaf:Organization, prov:Agent .

:illustrationActivity
a prov:Activity;
prov:used:aggregatedByRegions;prov:wasAssociatedWith :derek;
prov:wasInformedBy :aggregationActivity;.

:nationalRegionsList
a prov:Entity;
prov:wasAttributedTo :civil_action_group;.
:civil_action_group a foaf:Organization, prov:Agent .
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

PROV-O: Model (expanded)lExtend the first model with subclass and subproperty relationshipn Ex) Person isa Agent

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PROV-O: Model (expanded)

Derek published two versions of a blog for the National Newspaper, Inc.
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

@prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . ## Version 1 of the post
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
:post9821v1@prefix sioc: <http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#> .
a sioc:Post, prov:Entity;@prefix prov: <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov#> .
prov:specializationOf :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## PERMALINK to the latest revision.
@prefix my: <http://www.example.org/vocab#> .
sioc:title"More crime happens in cities";@prefix : <http://www.example.org#> .
prov:value"I was currius...";## The text of this version (with a typo).
@base<http://www.example.com/derek-bundle.ttl> . prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;<>
prov:wasGeneratedBy :publicationActivity1123;
a prov:Bundle, prov:Entity;
prov:wasInfluencedBy :aggregatedByRegions; ## This blog was influenced by Derek's data analysi
prov:wasAttributedTo :postEditor;
prov:hadPrimarySource :crimeData;## Derek's blog derives from the crime data originally
prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07## gathered by the government.
16T02:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
prov:invalidatedAtTime "2011-07-16T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime; .
.
:publicationActivity1123:dereka prov:Activity;
a prov:Person, prov:Agent;prov:startedAtTime "2011-07-16T01:01:01Z"^^xsd:dateTime;## prov:Agent is inferred from prov:Person
prov:wasStartedBy :derek;
foaf:givenName"Derek";prov:wasAssociatedWith :postEditor;
foaf:mbox<mailto:derek@example.org>;
prov:generated:post9821v1;
prov:actedOnBehalfOf :national_newspaper_inc;
prov:endedAtTime"2011-07-16T01:52:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;.
prov:wasEndedBy:derek; .
:national_newspaper_inc:aggregatedByRegions
a prov:Organization, prov:Agent;a prov:Entity;## prov:Agent is inferred from prov:Organization
prov:atLocation <file://Users/aggr.txt>; .
foaf:name "National Newspaper, Inc.";<file://Users/aggr.txt> a prov:Location .
.
:crimeData:postEditor
a prov:Entity;
a prov:SoftwareAgent, prov:Agent;prov:wasAttributedTo :government; .
## prov:Agent is inferred from prov:SoftwareAgent:government
foaf:name "Post Editor 3000";
a prov:Organization, prov:Agent; .
.
:more-crime-happens-in-cities## Version 2 of the posta sioc:Post, prov:Entity;:post9821v2
sioc:latest_version :post9821v2;
a sioc:Post, prov:Entity;
sioc:previous_version :post9821v1;
prov:specializationOf :more-crime-happens-in-cities; ## PERMALINK to the latest revision.
.
prov:value"I was curious...";## The text of this version (with fixed typo).
prov:generatedAtTime "2011-07-16T02:02:02Z"^^xsd:dateTime;
prov:wasRevisionOf :post9821v1;
prov:alternateOf :post9821v1;

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

PROV-O: Qualifiedl

Enable to describe qualification information about properties

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

CIDOC CRM
ll

The CIDOC CRM represents an 'ontology' for cultural heritage information i.e. it
describes in a formal language the explicit and implicit concepts and relations
relevant to the documentation of cultural heritage. The primary role of the CIDOC
CRM is to serve as a basis for mediation of cultural heritage information andthereby provide the semantic 'glue' needed to transform today's disparate, localised
information sources into a coherent and valuable global resource.
The CIDOC CRM is intended to promote a shared understanding of cultural
heritage information by providing a common and extensible semantic frameworkthat any cultural heritage information can be mapped to. It is intended to be acommon language for domain experts and implementers to formulate requirements
for information systems and to serve as a guide for good practice of conceptualmodelling. In this way, it can provide the "semantic glue" needed to mediate
between different sources of cultural heritage information, such as that publishedby museums, libraries and archives.

http://www.cidoc-crm.org/node/202
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

CIDOC CRM: Ontology
lPersistent Things and Temporary Things
n CRM Entity
u Persistentu Temporal

The CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CIDOC-CRM): PRIMER
Dominic Oldman1 and CRM Labs2, http://www.cidoc-crm.org/sites/default/files/CRMPrimer_v1.1_1.pdf
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

l

The CRM is a Hierarchy of Entities (In fact it is poly-hierarchical)

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l

Top Model

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hierarchy ofClass

E1 CRM Entity
E2
Temporal Entity
E3
E4
E5
E7
E63
E64
-

Condition State
PeriodEvent-Activity
Beginning of Existence
End of Existence

E77-

Persistent Item

E70--Thing

E72
E18---

Legal Object-

Physical ThingE90----

Symbolic Object

E71-

Human-Made Thing

E24-

-

Physical Human-Made Thing

E28-

-

Conceptual Object

E39
E74 E21 E52
E53
E54
E97
E92
E4E5E7
E63
E64
E93
E59
E60
E61
E62
E94
E95

Actor-

Group
PersonTime-Span
Place
Dimension-Spacetime Volume-

Monetary Amount-End of Existence
Presence
Primitive Value
NumberTime Primitive
StringSpace Primitive
HideakiTakedaPrimitive/ National Institute of Informatics
Spacetime

Period-Event-

Activity
Beginning of ExistenceHierarchy of Class- Temporal Entity -E2E3
E4E5
E7E8
E96
E9E10E11E12E79
E80
E13E14E15E16E17E65
E83
E66
E85
E86
E87
E63
E67
E81
E12E65E83
E66
E64
E6E68E69
E81- Temporal Entity- Condition State- Period- Event- Activity- Acquisition- - Purchase- Move- Transfer of Custody- Modification- - Production- - Part Addition- - Part Removal- Attribute Assignment- - Condition Assessment- - Identifier Assignment- - Measurement- - Type Assignment- Creation- - Type Creation- Formation- Joining- Leaving- Curation Activity- Beginning of Existence- Birth- Transformation- Production- Creation- - Type Creation- Formation- End of Existence- Destruction- Dissolution- Death- Transformation

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Persistent ItemThing-Hierarchy of Class- Persistent Item -Legal Object
Physical Thing
Symbolic Object
Human-Made Thing

E72
E18
E19
E20
E21
E22
E24
E22
E25
E78
E26
E27
E25
E90
E73
E29
E31
E32
E33
E34
E35
E36
E37
E34
E41
E42
E35
E95
E94
E61----

Legal Object
Physical Thing
Physical Object- Biological Object- Person- Human-Made Object
Physical Human-Made Thing- Human-Made Object- Human-Made Feature- Curated Holding
Physical Feature- Site- Human-Made Feature
Symbolic Object
Information Object
Design or Procedure
Document
Authority Document
Linguistic Object
Inscription
Title
Visual ItemMarkInscription
Appellation
Identifier
Title
Spacetime Primitive
Space Primitive
Time Primitive

E71
E24
E22
E25
E78
E28
E90
E73
E29
E31
E32
E33
E34
E35
E36
E37
E34
E41
E42
E35
E95
E94
E61
E89
E73
E29
E31
E32
E33
E34
E35
E36
E37
E34
E30
E55
E56
E57
E58
E98
E99

-- - --Human-Made Thing
Physical Human-Made Thing
Human-Made Object
Human-Made Feature
Curated Holding
Conceptual Object
Symbolic Object
Information Object
Design or Procedure
Document
Authority Document
Linguistic Object
Inscription
Title
Visual ItemMarkInscription
Appellation
Identifier
Title
Spacetime Primitive
Space Primitive
Time Primitive
Propositional Object
Information Object
Design or Procedure
Document
Authority Document
Linguistic Object
Inscription
Title
Visual ItemMarkInscription
Right
Type
Language
Material
Measurement Unit
Currency
Product Type

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Hierarchy of Properties

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hierarchy of Properties

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BioPortal

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics
https://bioportal.bioontology.org/

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics