English for Physics
Solutions
Exercise 2-1(1) 下(2).
Figure 2. Energy dependence of the de Bloglie wavelengths of photons,neutrons, and electrons. For the massless photons, the wavelength isinversely proportional to the energy, while for neutrons and electrons
with nonzero masses, the wavelengths are inversely proportional to thesquare root of their energies.

Exercise 2-2
1. The Hamiltonian H sub zero is (equal to) p squared over two m plus
one half m times omega squared times x squared.

2. The integral over x from minus infinity to infinity of the exponential ofminus alpha times x squared is equal to the square root of π overalpha.

3. The partial derivative of rho with respect to t plus the divergence ofopen parentheses rho times the vector v close parentheses is equal
to zero.

Solutions to the Exercises 3

3. Synchrotron radiation is used in this way.

Exercise 3-1
1. spectra
2. analyses
3. quanta
4. parentheses
5. momenta
6. theses
7. media
8. axes
9. minima
10. criteria
11. radii
12. supernovae [soo-per-noh-vee]

Exercise 3-4
1. Many pieces of evidence for unusual nonlinear behavior have beenfound in a variety of physical properties.
“Evidence” and “behavior” are both uncountable nouns [U].

Exercise 3-2
1. 常磁性体である銅が、磁場に対してどう反応するかの磁気的性
質
2. 鉄が磁性体(強磁性体)であるという性質
強磁性体(ferromagnet)：外部から磁場をかけなくても自発磁化が生じる物質
Exercise 3-3
1. The temperature was stabilized in this way.
2. The iron was oxidized.

2. These phenomena (This phenomenon) can be experimentally studied
using these two pieces (units) of equipment and theoretically analyzed
in terms of a product of two matrices.English for Physics
Solutions to Exercise 4
Exercise 4-1
1. is
2. (correct)
3. (correct)
4. was5. (correct)

Exercise 4-4 (略解)
1. oscillations result from
2. The apparatus consists of
3. violation occurs
4. discuss the nonlinear effects in detail.
5. The long life time of the muons is attributed to the relativistic effect.
6. The sample was irradiated with X-ray for two hours.
(“With” の代わりに”by”でもよいが、with の方がこなれた言い方。)

7. was raised toExercise 4-5
Exercise 4-2
1. The atomic configuration can be resolved with an electron microscope.
1. ratio, is(道具)2. dependence, is (correct)
2. Iron has successfully been substituted for copper.
3. considerations, lead; results, were(has been successfully)
4. total, were (correct)(“21 values”に焦点がある。“A total of” はそれを修飾している感じ。 3. This phenomenon has been ascribed to adiabatic softening by most of
the previous authors.
これが was か were かの用法は微妙。)
4. The magnetic flux density inside can be calculated from Eq. 1.
5. series, was(文頭なら Equation 1, Figure 2; 文中なら Eq. 1, eq. 1, Fig. 2, fig. 2（“Series”は単複同形、”Two series of lectures were given.”となる。）などと書くのが国際的慣習。)
Exercise 4-3
1. has recently been
2. was discovered
3. is schematically shown

Exercise 4-6
1. The 2015 models feature laser processing.
2. We attribute the origin of attraction between electrons to the electronphonon interaction.
3. We could not identify a number of diffraction peaks.

English for Physics
Solutions to Exercise 5
Exercise 5-1
1. The effects of (the) spin-orbit interaction are negligible.
(can be neglected.)
2. We will qualitatively discuss the behavior of electrons in a metal.
3. The number of photons in a given volume is proportional to the cube of(the) temperature.
4. The mass of a neutron is larger than that of an electron by three ordersof magnitude.
5. It has long been considered that there is a profound relation between theweak interaction and the electromagnetic interaction.
6. Einstein described the universe as a four-dimensional space-timecontinuum.
Hyphens に注意。
A continuum (連続体) is a countable noun [C].
7．The signal-to-noise ratio has been improved by more than a factor offive with this new detection technique.
8. The neutrino and the antineutrino are electrically neutral, nearlymassless particles, but with lepton numbers +1 and -1, respectively.

English for Physics
Solutions to the Exercises 6
Exercise 6-1
1. starting,
2. to account,
3. writing,
4. to repair,
5. to meeting,
6. to use—rather than to send,or (alternatively,) using—to sending
7. increasing
Exercise 6-2
1. supplying
2. remaining (remain は自動詞；過去分詞はとれない)3. developed (スペルに注意)
4. Having emphasized
5. Shown
Exercise 6-3 (略解)1. holding,
2. The mechanical parts requiring immediate repair are listed below.
3. Hadrons differing … groups called multiplets.

Exercise 6-4
1. We are here interested in exploring its implications, assuming thatthe same reactions take place in other systems.
2. Looking farther back, we (one) can imagine an endless cycle ofexpansion and contraction of the universe stretching into the infinitepast.

English for Physics
Solutions to the Exercises 7
Exercise 7-1
1. in, on,
2. for (of),
3. for, in,
4. for (of), by, with (to),5. in,
6. to, in (of), across, with,
7. of, on, of,
8. to, over, of
9. between, of, than
Exercise 7-2
1. to (with),
2. with,
3. with,
4. at, with,
5. from,
6. against,
7. from,
8. of,
9. to,
10. toExercise 7-3
1. to, from, 2. of,
Exercise 7-4
1. under (in),
2. in, in,
3. by, by
4. by, with
5. in, in
6. in, at,
7. by,
8. at,
9. with, for
Exercise 7-5
1. with respect to,
2. In terms of,
3. On the basis of,
4. on the order of,
5. by a factor of

3. to,

4. to,

5. with,

6. ofEnglish for Physics
Solutions to the Exercises 8

Exercise 8-1
1. a, 2. the, 3. The, 4. a, 5. a, 6. a (the), 7. the, 8. φ, 9. an,10. φ (the), 11. φ (the), 12. The, 13. a, 14. A, 15. a, 16. the, 17.
φExercise 8-2
1. The, 2. an, 3. an, 4. the, 5. the, 6. a , 7. the,8. an, 9. φ, 10. the, 11. the, 12. the, 13. the, 14. φ, 15. an φ,
16. an, 17. φ, 18. the, 19. the, 20. the, 21. the, 22. φ, 23. The
Exercise 8-3
1. a, 2. the, 3. φ, 4. the, 5. the, 6. a, 7. the, 8. the, 9. φ, 10.
φ, 11. the, 12. an φ, 13. φ, 14. the, 15. φ, 16. the, 17. φ, 18.
the, 19. φ, 20. the, 21. φExercise 8-4
1. the, 2. the, 3. φ, 4. the, 5. φ, 6. the, 7. an,10. a, 11. the, 12. the, 13. a, 14. φ, 15. an φ
Red marks are for special attention.

8. the,9. φ,Exercise 8-5
1. The, 2. φ, 3. a, 4. φ, 5. a, 6. a, 7. a, 8. the, 9. a, 10. a,11. the, 12. the, 13. φ, 14. a, 15. φ, 16. the, 17. the, 18. the,19. the, 20. the, 21. a, 22. the, 23. the, 24. a, 25. φ, 26. the,27. the, 28. the, 29. the, 30. the, 31. the, 32. φ, 33. the,34. the, 35. a, 36. theExercise 8-6
From Glenn Paquette
1. an,
2. an,
3. a, the,6. the, a, 7. a,
8. the,11. the, 12. the, 13. φ ,14. φ data:

4. a, φ ,9. the,14. φ,

5. the, the,10. the15. the, φ

一部のデータThe data: その「すべてのデータ」という意味になってしまう。
15. The proton is mysterious.

～というものはEnglish for Physics
Solutions to Exercises 9
Exercise 9-1
1. on which,
2. in which (where),
3. in which
Exercise 9-2
1. even,
2. However,
3. in which,
4. although
Exercise 9-3
1. :
2. ;
3. :
4. ;
5. :
6. : , ;Cole’s law:
Thinly sliced cabbage

which,for which,English for Physics
Solutions to Exercises 10
Exercise 10-1
1. Use parallel construction not only to be concise but also to be clear.
2. This effect was found by Smith and Jones and by Suzuki.
3. Both quantum mechanics and relativity introduced ideas that seemedoutlandish; yet both have made the universe more explicable andpredictable.
4. While we did not observe the expected second transition, we found(observed)

strongfrequency

dependence

inthemagnetic

susceptibility.
Exercise 10-2
1. We found that this metal melts below 400℃. Since the melting pointof aluminum is 660℃, this metal cannot be pure aluminum.
2. This voltmeter is designed for a power-line frequency of 50 Hz only.
Since the power-line frequency in Kyoto is 60 Hz, you should notuse it here.