Linked Open Data

Hideaki Takeda
National Institute of Informatics
takeda＠nii.ac.jp
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
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From Open Data to Linked Open Data
What is Linked Data?
The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)
How to make Linked Datan Data translation from existing databasesn Design Schema
How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applications

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

From Open Data to Linked Open Data

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

What is Open Data?
lOpen Data is not just data which is available online!

lOpen Data isn “A piece of data or content is open if anyone is free to use, reuse,
and redistribute it — subject only, at most, to the requirement toattribute and/or share-alike.” http://opendefinition.org/

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Data in society is a resource, not productFree to use

Free to reuse

Free to redistribute

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Requisites for Open Data
Open Licensel Machine-readable formatlHideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Open LicenselLicense which allows information to use with the minimum
requirements

Open Licenses
CC Licenses
Some rights are reserved

All rights reserved

CC BY-NC-ND
Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerives

CC BY-NC-SA

Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlikeCC BY-ND
Attribution-NoDerives

CC BY-NC

Attribution-NonCommercial

CC BY-SACC BY
Attribution

Attribution-ShareAlike

CC0
Public Domain

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Machine-readable FormatlReusabilityn You can cut and paste a part of contentslBetter formats for computer processingn Proprietary format: Some specific programs can process(specification is not open or restricted by patents …)
n Open format: Everyone can process(specification is open and patent free)n Linkable format: one can link data to
the other if s/he likes

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Five Star Open Datalink your data to otherdata to provide context

use URIs to identify things, sothat people can point at yourstuff and serve RDF from it
use non-proprietary, open formats (e.g.,
CSV instead of Excel)
make it available as structured data (e.g., Excel instead of image
scan of a table) so that it can be reused
make your stuff available on the Web (whateverformat) under an open license
Web data (whatever format) without an open license

http://5stardata.info/
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
Linked Data is “Web of Data”
n Data published as RDF
n Can refer from outsidel The four rules for Linked Datal

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Web of Documents

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Web of Data
Equivalent Value
Different Value ofthe same
phenomena

Meaning of thedata

Data in different datasets can be interconnected
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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Architecture for the Semantic Webl

The world of classes (Ontologies)l

The world of instances(Linked Data)

Tim Berners-Lee http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-lcs-sweb-tbl/
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Layers of Semantic Webl

Ontologyn Descriptions on classes
n RDFS, OWLn Challenges for ontology buildingu Ontology building is difficult by naturel Consistency, comprehensiveness, logicalityu Alignment of ontologies is more difficult
Descriptions on classes

Ontology

Descriptions on instances

Linked Data

Tim Berners-Lee http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-lcs-sweb-tbl/
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Layers of Semantic Webl

Linked Datan Descriptions on instances (individuals)
n RDF + (RDFS, OWL)n Pros for Linked Datau Easy to write (mainly fact description)u Easy to link (fact to fact link)n Cons for Linked Datau Difficult to describe complex structuresu Still need for class description (-> ontology)
Descriptions on classes

Ontology

Descriptions on instances

Linked Data

Tim Berners-Lee http://www.w3.org/2002/Talks/09-lcs-sweb-tbl/
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Datal

The four rules for Linked Datan Use URIs as names for things
u Every thing becomes a resource in Internetn Use HTTP URIs so that people can look up those names.
u Every resource becomes dereferenciable (responding something)n When someone looks up a URI, provide useful information, using thestandards (RDF, SPARQL)u Every resource returns something in commonly understandable way．
n Include links to other URIs. so that they can discover more things.
u All things become a part of Web of Data

Linked Data, TBL, http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Description in Linked Datal

Use RDF(+RDFS, OWL)n Very Simple!：<Subject> <Predicate> <Object> .

Turtle<http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me> rdfs:type foaf:Person .
<http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me> foaf:name “H. Takeda” .
<http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me> foaf:gender “male” .
<http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me> foaf:knows<http://southampton.rkbexplorer.com/id/person07113> .

foaf:Person
rdfs:type
http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me
foaf:name“H. Takeda”

foaf:knows

foaf:gender“male”

http://southampton.rkbexplorer.com/id/person07113
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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Description in Linked
Data

foaf:Person

rdfs:type
http://www-kasm.nii.ac.jp/~takeda#me
foaf:name“H. Takeda”

foaf:knows

foaf:gender“male”

http://southampton.rkbexplorer.com/
id/person-07113

owl:sameAs

dbpprop:occupation
dbpedia:Computer_scientist<http://dbpedia.org/resource/Tim_Berners-Lee>dbpprop:namedbpprop:birthPlacedbpprop:birthDate“Sir Tim Berners-Lee”“London, England”“1955-06-08”

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to make Linked Datan Data translation from existing databasesn Design Schemal How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linking Open Data (LOD)
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The project to collect published Linked Data
Major Linked Data
(Translated from the original resources)
n Dbpedia (Wikipedia) 270 Million Triples
n Geonames：Geo names and their latitudes and longitudes, 93 Million Triples
n MusicBrainz：Musicn WordNet：Dictionaryn DBLP bibliography：Bibliography for technical papers. 28 Million Triples
n US Census Data: 1 Billion Triples（Crawling)n FOAF (Friend Of A Friend)（Wrapper）
n Flickr Wrapper

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

LOD Cloud(Linking Open Data)

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

570 datasets,
Last updated: 2014-08-30
Linking Open Data cloud diagram 2014, by Max Schmachtenberg, Christian Bizer, Anja Jentzsch and Richard Cyganiak. http://lod-cloud.net/

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

"Linking Open Data cloud diagram 2017, by Andrejs Abele, John P. McCrae, Paul Buitelaar, Anja Jentzsch
and Richard Cyganiak. http://lod-cloud.net/"

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Last updated: 2017-02-20

http://dbpedia.org/resouce/Tokyo

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokyo

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to make Linked Datan Data translation from existing databasesn Design Schemal How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl L
lHideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Schema in Linked Data
Schema in Linked Datan Class in Knowledge Representationn Format of datal Importance of schema sharingn Interoperability among different datasetsn Generic Applicationsl Schema Description Languages
n RDFSn OWLl Common Schematan Dublin Coren FOAF (Friend-Of-A-Friend)n SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)l32
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Properties in RDF/RDFSl rdf:type (http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type)n Relation between class and instancel rdfs:subClassOf (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# subClassOf)
n Generic/specific class relationl rdfs:subPropertyOf (http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# subPropertyOf)
n Generic/specific property relation

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Usage of Common Vocabularies
PrefixNamespace

Used bydc

http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/

66 (31.88 %)foaf

http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/

55 (26.57 %)dcterms

http://purl.org/dc/terms/

38 (18.36 %)skos

http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#29 (14.01 %)akt

http://www.aktors.org/ontology/portal#

17 (8.21 %)geo

http://www.w3.org/2003/01/geo/wgs84_pos#

14 (6.76 %)mo

http://purl.org/ontology/mo/

13 (6.28 %)bibo

http://purl.org/ontology/bibo/

8 (3.86 %)vcard

http://www.w3.org/2006/vcard/ns#

6 (2.90 %)frbr

http://purl.org/vocab/frbr/core#

5 (2.42 %)sioc

http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#

4 (1.93 %)34

HideakiTakeda/ Nationalof Informatics
LDOW2011
Presentation,
ChristianBizerInstitute(Freie Universität
Berlin), 2011

(Simple) Dublin Corel Idea from library communityl Manged by DCMI (Dublin

Title
n Creatorn Subjectn Descriptionn Publishern Contributorn Daten Typen Formatn Identifiern Sourcen Languagen Relationn Coveragen RightsnCore Metadata Initiative)l (Simple) Dublin Core

Just 15 elements
n Simple is bestn No value restrictionn http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/nl 15 elements

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

dc termslQualified Dublin Coren Range and domain restrictionn More precise vocabularies
u Extension of simple dc

Properties

abstract , accessRights , accrualMethod , accrualPeriodicity , accrualPolicy , alternative , audience , available , bibliograp
hicCitation ,conformsTo , contributor , coverage , created , creator , date , dateAccepted , dateCopyrighted , dateSubmitted , description ,educationLevel , extent , format , hasFormat , hasPart , hasVersion , identifier , instructionalMethod , isFo
rmatOf , isPartOf , isReferencedBy ,isReplacedBy , isRequiredBy , issued , isVersionOf , language , license , mediator ,medium , modified , provenance , publisher , references ,relation , replaces , requires , rights , rightsHolder , source , spati
al , subject , tableOfContents , temporal , title , type , valid

Properties in the/elements/1.1/namespace
Vocabulary Encoding Schemes
Syntax Encoding Schemes

contributor , coverage , creator , date , description , format , identifier , language , publisher , relation , rights , source , su
bject , title , type
DCMIType , DDC , IMT , LCC , LCSH , MESH , NLM , TGN , UDC
Box , ISO3166 , ISO639-2 , ISO639-3 , Period , Point , RFC1766 , RFC3066 , RFC4646 , RFC5646 , URI , W3CDTF

Classes

Agent , AgentClass , BibliographicResource , FileFormat , Frequency , Jurisdiction , LicenseDocument , LinguisticSyste
m , Location ,LocationPeriodOrJurisdiction , MediaType , MediaTypeOrExtent , MethodOfAccrual , MethodOfInstruction , PeriodOfTime , PhysicalMedium ,PhysicalResource , Policy , ProvenanceStatement , RightsStatement , SizeOrDuration , Standard
Collection , Dataset , Event , Image , InteractiveResource , MovingImage , PhysicalObject , Service , Software , Sound ,StillImage , Text
memberOf , VocabularyEncodingScheme

DCMI Type Vocabulary
Terms related to the DCMI
Abstract Model

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Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Dcterms

subPropertyOf

DomainRange

Dcterms

subPropertyOf

DomainRange

contributor

dc:contributor

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:Agent

conformsTo

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

dcterms:Standard

dc:creator,
dcterms:contributor

hasFormat

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

creator

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:Agent

hasPartdc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

hasVersion

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

isFormatOf

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

isPartOf

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

isReferencedBy

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

isReplacedBy

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

coverage

dc:coverage

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:LocationPeriodOr
Jurisdiction

spatialdc:coverage,
dcterms:coverage

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:Location

Temporaldc:coverage,
dcterms:coverage

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:PeriodOfTime

Date

dc:daterdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literal

Available

dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literal

Created

dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literal

isRequiredBy

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

dateAccepted

dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:LiteralisVersionOf

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

dateCopyrighted dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literal

References

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

dateSubmitted

dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literal

Replaces

dc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

Issueddc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literal

Requiresdc:relation, dcterms:relation rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

Modified

dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:LiteralValid

dc:date, dcterms:date

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Literaldescription

dc:description
dc:description,
dcterms:description

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

dc:rights
dc:rights, dcterms:rights
dc:rights, dcterms:rights
dc:subject
dc:title
dc:title, dcterms:title
dc:typetableOfContents

dc:description,
dcterms:description

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

formatdc:format

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:MediaTypeOrExte
nt

RightsaccessRights
License
Subject
title
alternative
type
audience
educationLevel
mediator

extentdc:format, dcterms:format

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:SizeOrDuration

accrualMethod

Mediumdc:format, dcterms:format

Abstract

Identifier
dc:identifier
bibliographicCita dc:identifier,tion
dcterms:identifierdcterms:PhysicalRdcterms:PhysicalMedium
esourcerdfs:Resource
rdfs:Literaldcterms:Bibliogra
rdfs:Literal
phicResource

Languagedc:language

rdfs:Resource

dcterms:LinguisticSystem

Publisher
Relation

dc:publisher
dc:relation

rdfs:Resource
rdfs:Resource

dcterms:Agent
rdfs:Resource

sourcedc:source, dcterms:relation

rdfs:Resource

rdfs:Resource

accrualPeriodicity
accrualPolicy
instructionalMethod
provenancerightsHolder

dcterms:audiencedcterms:audiencerdfs:Resource dcterms:RightsStatement
rdfs:Resource dcterms:RightsStatement
rdfs:Resource dcterms:LicenseDocument
rdfs:Resource rdfs:Resource
rdfs:Resource rdfs:Resourcerdfs:Literalrdfs:Resource rdfs:Resourcerdfs:Literalrdfs:Resource rdfs:Class
rdfs:Resource dcterms:AgentClass
rdfs:Resource dcterms:AgentClass
rdfs:Resource dcterms:AgentClassdcmitype:Collec
dcterms:MethodOfAccrualtiondcmitype:Collec
dcterms:Frequency
tion
dcmitype:Collec
dcterms:Policytion
rdfs:Resource dcterms:MethodOfInstructio
rdfs:Resource dcterms:ProvenanceStateme
rdfs:Resource dcterms:Agent37
http://dublincore.org/documents/dcmi-terms/
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics
http://www.kanzaki.com/docs/sw/dc-domain-range.html

The Friend of a Friend (FOAF)l Metadata for human relationshipn But often used for schema for human description
Classes:| Agent | Document | Group | Image | LabelProperty |OnlineAccount | OnlineChatAccount |OnlineEcommerceAccount | OnlineGamingAccount |Organization | Person | PersonalProfileDocument | Project |@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
Properties:@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
| account | accountName | accountServiceHomepage | age | @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
aimChatID | based_near | birthday | currentProject |<#JW>
depiction | depicts | dnaChecksum | familyName |a foaf:Person ;foaf:name "Jimmy Wales" ;family_name | firstName | focus | fundedBy | geekcode |foaf:mbox <mailto:jwales@bomis.com> ;gender | givenName | givenname | holdsAccount |
foaf:homepage <http://www.jimmywales.com/> ;foaf:nick "Jimbo" ;homepage | icqChatID | img | interest | isPrimaryTopicOf |foaf:depiction
jabberID | knows | lastName | logo | made | maker | mbox | <http://www.jimmywales.com/aus_img_small.jpg>;
foaf:interest<http://www.wikimedia.org>;
mbox_sha1sum | member | membershipClass | msnChatID
foaf:knows [| myersBriggs | name | nick | openid | page | pastProject |a foaf:Person ;phone | plan | primaryTopic | publications |foaf:name "Angela Beesley"].
schoolHomepage | sha1 | skypeID | status | surname | theme| thumbnail | tipjar | title | topic | topic_interest | weblog |<http://www.wikimedia.org>
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rdfs:label"Wikipedia".
Hideaki|Takeda / National Institute of Informatics
workInfoHomepage | workplaceHomepage | yahooChatID

SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)
Metadata for taxonomic knowledge
n Hierarchy of concepts
u Ex. Subject heading in libraryu Hierarchy is not equivalent to Class/Subclass relationl W3C Recommendation 18 August 2009l39
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization
System)l

SKOS Core (hierarchical concept structure)n skos:semanticRelationn skos:broaderTransitive
subPropertyOfn skos:narrowerTransitiven skos:broader
n skos:narrowern skos:relatedn skos:preflabeln skos:altlabeln skos:hiddenlabel
40
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization System)l

SKOS Mappingn skos:mappingRelationn skos:closeMatchn skos:exactMatchn skos:broadMatchn skos:narrowMatchn skos:relatedMatch

subPropertyOf

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

schema.org
Established by Google, Yahoo, Microsoft, Yandex in 2011l A collaborative activity to provide metadata structures on Web
pages.
l Features of metadata structure by schema.org
n Schemata for common objects
n Community-based process to define schemata
u 1087 schemata (May 16, 2019)u Layer: 1-9-194-359-311-203-10
n Simple structuren Web-suitable format to represent schematau Microdata
u RDFau JSON-LD
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of InformaticslSchema.org schema hierarchy
Thing

Thing
ActionCreativeWork
Event
Intangible

CreativeWork
3DModelArchiveComponent
ArticleAdvertiserContentArticle
NewsArticle

MedicalEntity

AnalysisNewsArticle

Organization

AskPublicNewsArticle

PersonBackgroundNewsArticle

Place

OpinionNewsArticle

Product

ReportageNewsArticle
ReviewNewsArticle

Layer: 1-9-194-359-311-203-10

ReportSatiricalArticle
ScholarlyArticle
MedicalScholarlyArticle
SocialMediaPosting
BlogPosting
DiscussionForumPosting
TechArticle
APIReference

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

schema.org: data type
BooleanFALSE
TRUE
DataType
Boolean
Date
DateTime
NumberFloat
Integer
Text
CssSelectorType
URL
XPathTypeTime
Date
DateTime
Number
Text
Time

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

An example: ”Thing“

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Properties of Creative Work
Property
about
accessMode
accessModeSufficient
accessibilityAPI
accessibilityControl
accessibilityFeatureaccessibilityHazard
accessibilitySummary
accountablePerson
aggregateRating
alternativeHeadline
associatedMedia
audienceaudio
authoraward
charactercitationcomment
commentCount
contentLocation
contentRating
contentReferenceTime
contributor
copyrightHolder
copyrightYear
correction
creatordateCreated

Expected Type
Thing
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
Text
PersonAggregateRating
Text
MediaObject
Audience
AudioObject or Clip
Organization or Person
Text
PersonCreativeWork or Text
Comment
Integer
Place
Rating or Text
DateTime
Organization or Person
Organization or Person
NumberCorrectionComment or
Text or URL
Organization or Person
Date or DateTime

dateModified
datePublisheddiscussionUrl
editoreducationalAlignment
educationalUse
encoding
encodingFormat
exampleOfWork
expiresfundergenre
hasPartheadline
inLanguage
interactionStatistic
interactivityType
isAccessibleForFree

Date or DateTime
Date
URL
PersonAlignmentObject
Text
MediaObject
Text or URL
CreativeWork
Date
Organization or Person
Text or URL
CreativeWork
Text
Language or Text
InteractionCounter
Text
BooleanCreativeWork or Product orisBasedOn
URL
isFamilyFriendly
BooleanisPartOf
CreativeWork
keywords
Text
learningResourceType Text
licenseCreativeWork or URL
locationCreatedPlace
mainEntity
Thingmaterial
Product or Text or URL
materialExtent
QuantitativeValue or Text
mentions
Thing
offersOffer

position
producer
providerpublication
publisher
publisherImprint
publishingPrinciples
recordedAt
releasedEventreviewschemaVersion
sdDatePublishedsdLicense
sdPublisher
sourceOrganization
spatialspatialCoveragesponsortemporal
temporalCoverage
text
thumbnailUrltimeRequired
translationOfWorktranslator
typicalAgeRange
versionvideo
workExample
workTranslation

Integer or Text
Organization or Person
Organization or Person
PublicationEvent
Organization or Person
Organization
CreativeWork or URL
Event
PublicationEvent
Review
Text or URL
Date
CreativeWork or URL
Organization or Person
Organization
Place
Place
Organization or Person
DateTime or Text
DateTime or Text or
URL
Text
URL
Duration
CreativeWork
Organization or Person
Text
Number or Text
Clip or VideoObject
CreativeWork
CreativeWork

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Open Vocabulary (LOV)
Platform for schema sharingn Registration of schematan Search of schematal http://lov.okfn.org/dataset/lov/ll

MetaBridge (Japan)n http://www.metabridge.jp/

47
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

How to build Linked Data
1. Determine format -> Design scheman Search existing schematan Use as is/Use some of properties/Add some propertiesn Publish the designed schema
l 2. Generate data according to the scheman Write one by one
n Translate data from some other dataset
l 3. Publish datau Dump fileu SPARQL Endpointu dereferenceablel48
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

How to design schemalll

作品タイトル：タピスリーの裸婦作品タイトル：タピスリーの裸婦
作者：藤田嗣治
Title
of work：Old Woman
作者：藤田嗣治
制作年：1923
Artist：Pablo Picasso
制作年：1923
ジャンル：絵画油彩その他
Created year：1901
ジャンル：絵画油彩その他
サイズ：126.0x96.0
Genre：Oil on cardboard
サイズ：126.0x96.0
収蔵館：京都国立近代美術館
Size：67 x53.1 cm
収蔵館：京都国立近代美術館…
Place：Philadelphia
Museum of Art…
…

Dublin Core (dc)
SKOS Simple Knowledge
Organization System (skos)
CDOC-CRM

1. Determine unit of data
2. Determine items of a unit
3. Determine type of value for items:n Literal: String or numbern Resource: link to other data
1.

Search items in existing schemata
2. If not, design them now

lodac:Work Property(一部項目省略)
Genrelodac:genre
Type of Asset lodac:culturalAssets
Creatordc:creator / dc11:creator
Nationality crm:P7_took_place_at
Title
dc:title / skos:prefLabel
Title in Japa.. dc:title @ja-hrkt / skos:altLabel
Title in Englisdc:title @en / skos:altLabel
Depiction
crm:P62I_is_depicted_by
Insho
crm:P65_shows_visual_item
Numbercrm:P57_has_number_of_parts
Collection
dc:isPartOf
Created year dc:createdEstimated yealodac:estimatedStartYear
49
Material
dc:medium/
crm:P45_consists_of
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Make links among resources
Schema for artist
SHOMOMURA,
Kanzan@enOuter resource

1873
foaf:name下村観⼭@jacrm:P98I_was_born

foaf:nameResource for Workdc:references

DBpedia (Wikipedia)

dc:creator

Resource
for museum

lodac:creates

Resource for Work

Schema for work

Schema for museum

crm:P55_has_current_location

skos:prefLabeldc:title

⽊の間の秋@ja
Autumn Among
Trees@endc:title

dc:created

1907

東京国⽴近代美術館

dc:created1952

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Generate Data
Translate data from other exiting datasetsn From csv
u Open refineu Linkdata.org
l On-the-fly translation from RDB
n D2R
l

51
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Publish Data
Dump filen Make RDF data files available online
l SPARQL Endpointn Flexible APIl Dereferenceable
n Return data about URIl52
Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to make Linked Datan Data translation from existing databasesn Design Schemal How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl How to use RDF
n RDFaHideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics
n SPARQLlHow to use Linked Data

Linked Data
BrowserThingsLinked Data
MashupThingsThingsLinked Data
Search Engine

ThingsThingsSPARQL

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl How to use RDF
n RDFan SPARQLl

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data Browser
Browse linked data just as browsing web pagesn Show RDF datan Prompt links to follow
l System/Service
n Mablesu Display data by following links
n Tabulator
u Firefox plugin/onlineu Adding information in a single pagel

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

LODLIVE

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Tabulator

http://dig.csail.mit.edu/2005/ajar/release/tabulator/0.7/tab.html

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl How to use RDF
n RDFan SPARQLl

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data Search Engine
Google search with schema.org
l Google Dataset SearchlHideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl How to use RDF
n RDFan SPARQLl

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

How to use Linked Datal

Semantic Data Mash-up Applicationsn SemaPlorer
u http://btc.isweb.uni-koblenz.de/n Dbpedia Mobileu http://wiki.dbpedia.org/DBpediaMobilen Bio2RDF
u http://bio2rdf.org/

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

DBpedia Mobile

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Bio2RDF

At the heart of Linked Data for the Life Sciences

Bio2RDF is an open source framework to produce and provide
biological linked data that uses simple conventions on theemerging semantic web
l Bio2RDF reduces the time andeffort involved in data
integration so that you can get
to doing sciencel 19 datasets;
1,010,758,291 tripleslhttp://bio2rdf.org/

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Alison Callahan, José Cruz-Toledo, Peter Ansell, Michel Dumontier: Bio2RDF Release 2: Improved Coverage,
Interoperability and Provenance of Life Science Linked Data, The Semantic Web: Semantics and Big Data, Lecture Notes in
HideakiNational Institute of Informatics
Computer Science Volume7882,Takeda
2013, pp/ 200-212

Bio2RDF

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Use

Yokohama Art Spot
LODAC Museum × Yokohama Art LOD × PinQAn Application using museum

and local datan Data related to art in
Yokohamau Collections
u Events
u Q&A
http://lod.ac/apps/yas/

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

System ArchitectureUse‣ Python + SPARQLWrapper‣ Geolocation
Yokohama Art Spot
SPA
RQ
L

Yokohama
Art LOD

PinQA
Question

User

JS
ON

JSON

QL
R
A
SP

SPARQL

XM

L

LODAC
MuseumWork

Event

AnswerArtistInstitution

ArtistInstitution

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Linked Data
What is Linked Data?
l The State-of-the-Art of Linked Datan Linking Open Data (LOD)l How to use Linked Datan Linked Data Browser
n Linked Data Search Engine
n Linked Data Applicationsl How to use RDF
n RDFan SPARQLl

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics

Summary
Data and Web
n Great Potential!
l Linked Data - Exploit the power of Web –n Simple Structure: URI and RDF
n Truly distributed data managementn Easy to link to each otherl

Hideaki Takeda / National Institute of Informatics