２０２０年 AIBA 認定貿易アドバイザー試験サンプル問題（貿易英語）
第１問

次の英文を読み、問１から問１０について最も適切な答えをひとつ選び、解答用紙にその番号を記入しなさい。

（配点２０点）Russia's recent decision to suspend wheat exports ( ア )contravened grave warnings fromthe WTO, the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the WHO about the dangerof such a move to global food supply chains . Russia's export ban, coupled with its
disproportionate influence over European food security, could spell disaster for the EU
during an upcoming recession likely to be the worst in living memory.
After all, Russia's ban includes other essential food like rye, barley, corn, soy beans andsunflower oil. And it could get worse. These bans were originally imposed when Russia
seemed to have largely weathered the COVID19 storm. But these past two weeks confirmedthat COVID19 cases in Russia have sky-rocketed, taking it to the third highest globally. Given
the ensuing tidal wave of economic disruption, there is a good chance these current bans will
not only persist beyond the summer, but that more essential foods will be added to thelist.
That bodes badly for the EU, which is a net importer of wheat. The EU Department ofAgriculture projecting EU wheat imports will rise 17 percent from 4,600 metric tons to 5,500
metric tons by 2021.
An even bigger （イ）() could exist on edible oils. Seven of the ten biggest

sunflower oil importers in the world are European nations, with Belgium and the Netherlands
the world's largest importers. And Russia is the world's second largest exporter.
Russia's blanket ban is therefore bound to hurt EU consumers. It is also an ominous indicationof the extent of Russia's ability to cause disruption to global food supply chains.
It is hard to read Russia's long-term intentions. At its simplest, Russia's actions seem
motivated by the same inclinations to stockpile also affecting other nations.
Yet, more maybe afoot. Russia has allowed notable exceptions for grain exports to close
geopolitical allies, including South Sudan and Saudi Arabia, two countries Russia has
increasingly tried to influence. More troubling are public proposals by Russian officials latelast year to create a "Grain OPEC" to control world food supplies, an initiative that would benothing short of a naked attempt to politicize global food supply. All this suggests theKremlin's recent export ban has a deeper geopolitical imperative.
In addition, these current bans also （ウ）() the release of a little noticed foodsecurity strategy document unveiled by the Putin regime a mere two months ago, the firstsuch document in a decade. In that document, new higher targets were set for domestic
production of food items as part of a "Russia-exit" from the global trading system. What thatmeans is Russia is now setting targets for food products whose domestic demand is already（エ）more than exceeded. In particular, Russia increased domestic targets for vegetable oilfrom 80 percent to 90 percent
However we choose to interpret the situation, it points to a bigger looming problem for EU
food security in coming years.
Longer-term, for the EU to develop resiliency in safeguarding its food security, it must do
more than diversify supply chains. It must overcome the inclination towards protectionism
during times of global crisis - so that other global economic blocs reciprocate by doing thesame.
A staunchly protectionist attitude (highlighted most aptly in the EU's historic protectionism
over its （オ）() sector) has already（カ）hamstrung major potential EU tradedeals in the pre-COVID19 era—from a trade deal with the United States in the west, toanother with the ASEAN region in the east.
Both the United States and ASEAN offer Europe vital sources of essential food items that
could be guaranteed with under trade deals. While the US offers ample alternative sources ofwheat and other cereals, ASEAN – particularly Malaysia – offers palm oil as a ready substituteto sunflower oil, a commodity that Russia has attempted to （キ）() globally.

Agriculture has remained the key sticking-point in US-EU trade negotiations. For ASEAN,
the EU's ban on palm oil for biodiesel has been the major obstacle.
Russia's food export bans open up an opportunity for the EU to take advantage of U.S.
eagerness to access European markets. And the EU may wish to consider a more constructive
approach to palm oil to avoid alienating ASEAN as the COVID19 economic crisis escalates.
(Newsweek, 2020/5/19)

問１．下線部（ア）に最も近い意味の語はどれか選びなさい。
（１）sent（２）elicited（３）complied with
（４）defied
問２．文章の前後関係から見て、下線部（イ）に入る最も適切な語はどれか選びなさい。
（１）deficit（２）surprise（３）surplus（４）demand
問３．文章の前後関係から見て、下線部（ウ）に入る最も適切な語はどれか選びなさい。
（１）coincide with
（２）take care of（３）get away with（４）cover up
問４．文章の前後関係から見て、下線部（エ）の説明として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
（１）food import is bigger than domestic demand in Russia（２）demand for food is much lower than what is produced in Russia（３）Russia is exporting large amount of excess food（４）food consumption in Russia is much higher than domestic production
問５．文章の前後関係から見て、下線部（オ）に入る最も適切な語はどれか選びなさい。
（１）private（２）public（３）retail（４）agricultural
問６．文章の前後関係から見て、下線部（カ）の説明として適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
（１）improved the quality of（２）severely restricted the effectiveness of（３）broken violently into pieces（４）failed to meet the expectation of

問７．文章の前後関係から見て、下線部（キ）に入る最も適切な語はどれか選びなさい。
（１）stabilize（２）monopolize（３）devalue（４）produce
問８．次の中から本文の内容と一致するものを選びなさい。
（１）ロシアの禁輸措置は我々の記憶にある中では過去最悪のものになりそうである。
（２）EU 全体では、小麦輸入より、輸出のほうが多い。
（３）ロシアはヨーロッパの食糧安全保障に大きな影響力を持っている。
（４）ロシアで Covid-19 の感染が急拡大した状況を受けて、ロシアは今回の禁輸措置を発動した。
問９．次の中から本文の内容と一致するものを選びなさい。
（１）ロシアの禁輸措置は食料在庫を確保しておきたいという意図があると考えられる。
（２）ロシアの禁輸措置は地政学上重要な同盟国との関係に悪影響を及ぼす恐れがある。
（３）"Grain OPEC"は世界の食料供給の安定化を目指したものである。
（４）ロシアの食糧安全保障戦略は、食糧増産により輸出を拡大する意図であると考えられる。
問１０．次の中から本文の内容と一致するものを選びなさい。
（１）EU は ASEAN からの小麦や穀物の輸入を拡大する余地がある。
（２）ロシアの禁輸措置は、EU にとっては米国の欧州市場への参加意欲を活用するチャンスとなる。
（３）世界が危機に見舞われる中、保護主義に対する抗議の声が高まっている。
（４）EU では、ASEAN から輸出されたパーム油は燃料としての使用しか認められていない。

第2問

次の英文レターを読み、問 1 から問 5 について、作者の意図に配慮し、最も適切なものを一つ選び、解答用紙にその番号を記入しなさい。

Gentlemen:（配点 10 点）

Electric Appliance Industry
As you are well aware, for the past few years the electric appliance industry has been having a
hard time trying desperately to hold thousands of retailers to the agreement that they willobserve minimum list price, but the task itself seems（ア）well-nigh impossible for thepresent.
About a year ago, the giant of the industry, XYZ Electric Co., took a bold step forward totake on this job of policing, and in the past year alone filed some 800 lawsuits
against price cutters. They concentrated their efforts （ イ ）small-appliance sales,
admitting that resale agreements on refrigerators and other large appliances, which are verymuch complicated by trade-ins and installation charges, are almost beyond enforcement.
But most discount houses are still continuing to sell XYZ toasters, coffee-pots, steam irons,
and the like at cut rates, and other dealers are paring their margins just to stay（ ウ ）competition.
Last week, however, XYZ Electric unveiled a dramatic new method of foiling the price cutters.
They cut their own list prices on toasters, vacuum cleaners, steam irons, and seven other small
appliances by as much as 23% (with cuts averaging about 15%). They are hopingthat everyone’s losses would be more than redeemed by a bigger volume of business, implyingthat it would from now on（エ）crack down on the price cutters even harder.
There is no sure sign that the rest of the appliance industry will cut prices, too. Most appliancemakers would only admit to ”studying” the situation.
Where, then, do we（オ）fit into the picture? Perhaps it would be wise of us to sit backand wait for a while until this market begins to show some sign of improvement.
In the meantime, we would appreciate having your comments on the latest development of
the market there.
Sincerely yours,

問 1．下線部（ア）の語の意味として最も適切なものを選びなさい。
1 definitely

2almost3 specifically

4 apparently問 2．下線部（イ） に入る語句として最も適切なものを選びなさい。
1 at

2 for

問 3．空欄（ウ1 in

3 by

4 on）に入る語句として最も適切なものを選びなさい。
2 of

3 against4 by

問４．下線部（エ）と同様の意味の語句として、最も適当なものを選びなさい。
1 do without

2 take strong action to stop

3 hand down to 4 break out of

問５．下線部（オ）と同様の意味の語句として、最も適切なものを選びなさい。
1 look up to解答
第１問
問１

（４）

問２

（１）

問３

（１）

問４

（４）

問５

（４）

問６

（２）

問７

（２）

問８

（３）

問９

（１）

問１０

（２）

第２問
問１

（２）

問２

（４）

問３

（１）

問４

（２）

問５

（２）

2 adjust ourselves to

3 get something from4 look into