FIR Probeへの参加

左近樹 (東京⼤学)

2021年度光⾚天連シンポジウム「2030年代の戦略的中型をどうするのか」Decadal Survey on Astronomy and Astrophysics 2020 (Astro2020)の結果を受けてDecadal reportに FIR probe が SPICA recoveryとして明記

Astrophysics Probe Announcement of Opportunity Community Announcement
released by NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD)on January 11, 2022 (notice ID NNH22ZDA008L)
The National Academiesʼ 2020 Decadal Survey in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pathways to Discovery in Astronomy andAstrophysics for the 2020s, recommends probe missions to be competed in broad areas identified as important to accomplish
the surveyʼs scientific goals.
For the coming decade, the Decadal Survey recommends
・a far-infrared imaging and spectroscopy mission
・an X-ray mission designed to complement the European Space Agency (ESAʼs) Athena mission.
Cost Cap: The PI-Managed Mission Cost (PIMMC) for an Astrophysics Probe mission is expected to be capped at $1 billion
in fiscal year (FY) 2023 dollars, not including any contributions, the cost of an AO-provided access to space, or any General
Observer (GO)/Guest Investigator (GI) program costs. NASA will provide standard launch services on a single launch vehicle
outside the cost capped PIMMC. PI-provided alternative access to space may not be proposed.
Science Investigations and Data: (1) A pointed observatory will have the bulk of its observing time made available to thecommunity for General Observers (GO). The NASA-managed GO program will be funded outside of the PIMMC. The PI-ledscience team will conduct science investigation(s) with a limited amount of Guaranteed Time Observing (GTO); the PI-ledscience investigations will be funded within the PIMMC. (2) A survey observatory will have all of its survey data madeavailable to the community for Guest Investigators (GI). The NASA-managed GI program will be funded outside of the PIMMC.
The PI-led science team will conduct science investigation(s) with the survey data; the PI-led science investigations will befunded within the PIMMC. (3) All data will be made public as soon as practical through a NASA-managed astrophysics dataarchive. There is no limited data use period, even for pointed data.
The current Astrophysics Probe Program planning budget is sufficient to select and execute one Astrophysics Probe mission.

Astrophysics Probe Announcement of Opportunity Community Announcement
released by NASA Science Mission Directorate (SMD)on January 11, 2022 (notice ID NNH22ZDA008L)
Proposals in response to the forthcoming Announcement of Opportunity (AO) will be due not less than 90 days after its final
release. Participation will be open to all categories of U.S. and non-U.S. organizations, including educational institutions,industry, not-for-profit organizations, Federally Funded Research and Development Centers, NASA Centers, and other
Government agencies. Participation by NASA Centers must be consistent with NASAʼs Center Roles policies.
The schedule for the solicitation is intended to be:FIR probe candidates:- The Space Infrared Interferometric Telescope (SPIRIT) [David Leisawitz (NASA Goddard)]- Galaxy Evolution Probe (GEP) [Jason Glenn (NASA Goddard), Charles M. Bradford (JPL)]- The Far-IR Spectroscopy Space Telescope (FIRSST) [Asantha Cooray (UC Irvine)]

The Far-IR Spectroscopy Space Telescope (FIRSST)Asantha Cooray (UC Irvine)“FIRSST is a natural evolution of Origins Study for the Astro2020 Decadal.”
・~x100 more sensitive than anything before
・Low-risk, Spitzer-like architecture
・1.8m-2.2m aperture, 30 micron diff. limit, cooled to 6K
・3 instruments for spectroscopy- 30-320 microns R=200-300- R>40,000 HD112µm and
R>300,000 H2O 179, 243, 269, 538µm and HDO 234µm- mid-IR extend MIRI (imaging + spectroscopy with a grism)
・1 of 3 instruments contributed by foreign partner
・5 year science, Earth-trailing orbit
・>90% Community-led science + small GTO
A compelling 100% GO mission within $1B is feasible
Two instruments: can be total $150M-$175M

FIRSST Notional Instrument Specifications

FIRSST mid-resolution far-IR spectrometer;
likely be led at GSFC with Karwan Rostem as
the lead with internal GSFC-APL discussions

FIRSST high-resolution far-IR spectrometer;
A team at JPL has expressed an interest
to take over that work

Asantha Cooray⽒からの提案と質問 (2022年2⽉13⽇に打診)- A general mid-IR capability, a wide field of view relative to MIRI and some mid-IR spectroscopy, is needed.
- up to a maximum of 30% of the cost of 1/3 of the instrument payload, is allowed for this first probe- a direct involvement on the mid-IR instrument makes the most sense, given the participation in Origins
MISC study and existing design work and effort for SPICA/SMI in Japan.
- The level of participation (i.e., full Mid-IR instrument or just components or parts) is of course open fordiscussion. At this stage I think what we are looking for is if there is interest or not on your end.
- If there is interest, we also welcome Japanese scientists to join the science working groups.

The science Working Groups
Galaxy formation and evolution:

ISM and Star Formation:

Planet formation, Exoplanets, and Solar System

Advisory board:⽇本のスペース⾚外天⽂学の科学的観点において
FIR Probeはどのような役割を持つか？(議論)・IRTSで、近⾚外線から遠⾚外線のスペース観測の開拓が始まった。
・あかり衛星において、より強固な近⾚外線から遠⾚外線の天⽂学への⾜がかりの構築へと繋がった。
・SPICAにおいても、サイエンスチームが編成され、⽇本が担当する装置がカバーする中間⾚外線だけでなく遠⾚外線を含む幅広い科学的興味に対応する策定活動が実施された。
・あるいは、少なくともSPICAまたはOriginsを通じて、Herschel宇宙望遠鏡以来の遠⾚外ミッションに対して、ミッションの当事者として(あかりの経験を持つ現役の)国内研究者が科学データを⼿にし、将来に継承することに向けた努⼒を⾏ってきた。

à Astro2020 のDecadal Reportでは、probe classという新しいカテゴリーが創設され、そこで Originsの検討のヘリテージを最⼤限に⽣かして、FIR probe missionの検討が開始した。
Decadal Reportには SPICA recoveryとしての位置付けも明記。
SPICAで⾏われたサイエンス策定が直接のadvantageとして、FIR probeのサイエンスワーキンググループに当事者として参加できれば、⽇本の研究者による中間⾚外・遠⾚外のスペース⾚外のサイエンス成果排出が促される。

⽇本のスペース⾚外天⽂学の技術的観点において
FIR Probeはどのような役割を持つか？(議論)・SPICAの中⽌à ⽇本がスペースの中間⾚外線および遠⾚外線の天⽂学のミッションの国際的な技術開発の最前線を⾒通す戦略を、IRTS、あかりの実績、そしてSPICAおよびOriginsのヘリテージを⽣かして探る必要がある。
à 仮に2050年代に予定されるかもしれないFIR Flagshipに対して、『競争⼒のある技術を武器に、費⽤対効果の⾼いハードウェア貢献を⾏うこと』に繋げる必要がある。
・SPICAの遠⾚外線観測装置は欧州の担当、中間⾚外線観測装置が⽇本の担当
・Originsでは、中間⾚外線装置の概念検討を⽇本が実施
à SPICAの中間⾚外線観測装置SMIの⼀部(HR)はGREX-PLUSに活きるà ⼀⽅、SPICAが⽇本に技術的遺産をもたらすはずであった中間⾚外線の⻑波⻑側の技術、そして欧州SPICAを通して共有できるはずであった遠⾚外線の技術をどのようにrecoveryするか？
・Asantha Cooray⽒からの提案に応じることができれば、SPICAのこれまでの技術的な遺産が継承され、同時にFIR Probeを通して、次世代につながる遠⾚外の技術の習得が可能になる。
さらに、⽇本にとって重要な戦略技術である冷凍機技術による貢献を得る⾜がかりとなる。