2015 年

AIBA 認定貿易アドバイザー試験サンプル問題「貿易英語」

第１問 次の英文を読んで、問１～問１０について最も適切な回答を一つ選びなさい。

Made in China? Asia’s dominance in manufacturing will endure. That will makedevelopment harder for others
BY MAKING things and selling them to foreigners, China has transformed itself—andthe world economy with it. In 1990 it produced less than 3% of global manufacturing
output by value; its share now is nearly a quarter. The white heat of China’s ascent hasforged supply chains that reach deep into South-East Asia. This “Factory Asia” nowmakes almost half the world’s goods.
Many assumed that, in due course, the baton would pass to other parts of the world,
enabling them in their turn to manufacture their way to prosperity. But far from being
loosened by rising wages, China’s grip is tightening. Low-cost work that does leave
China goes mainly to South-East Asia, only reinforcing Factory Asia’s dominance. That
raises questions for emerging markets outside China’s orbit. From India to Africa andSouth America, the tricky task of getting rich has become harder.
China’s economy is not as （ア）（）as it was. Earlier this month the government

said that it was aiming for growth of 7% this year, which would be its lowest for morethan two decades—data this week suggest even this might be a struggle. Despite this,
China will continue to have three formidable advantages in manufacturing that will
benefit the economy as a whole.
First, it is clinging on to low-cost manufacturing, even as it goes upmarket to exploit
higher-value activities. Its share of global clothing exports has actually risen, from
42.6% in 2011 to 43.1% in 2013. It is also making more of the things that go into its
goods. The World Bank has found that the share of imported components in China’s
total exports has fallen from a peak of 60% in the mid-1990s to around 35% today. Thisis partly because China boasts clusters of efficient suppliers that others will struggle toreplicate And its firms are using automation to raise productivity, offsetting some ofthe effect of higher wages.
China’s second strength is Factory Asia itself. As wages rise, some low-cost activity isindeed leaving the country. Much of this is passing to large low-income populations inSouth-East Asia. This process has a dark side. Last year an NGO found that almost 30%
of workers in Malaysia’s electronics industry were forced labour. But as Samsung,Microsoft, Toyota and other multinational firms trim production in China and turninstead to places such as Myanmar and the Philippines, they reinforce a regional supply
chain with China at the centre.
The third advantage is that China is increasingly a linchpin of demand. As the spendingand sophistication of Chinese consumers grows, Factory Asia is grabbing a bigger shareof higher-margin marketing and customer service. At the same time, Chinese demand isstrengthening Asian supply chains all the more. When it comes to the Chinese market,local contractors have the edge over distant rivals.
Deft policy could boost these advantages still further. The Association of South-East
Asian Nations (ASEAN) is capable of snapping up low-end manufacturing. China’sshare—by volume—of the market for American shoe imports slipped from 87% in 2009
to 79% last year. Vietnam, Indonesia and Cambodia picked up all the extra work. But
ASEAN could do far more to create a single market for more complex goods and services.
Regional—or, better, global—deals would smooth the spread of manufacturing networks
from China into nearby countries.
Unfortunately, other parts of the emerging world have less cause to rejoice. They lack alarge economy that can act as the nucleus of a regional grouping. And manufacturing
may no longer offer the employment or income gains that it once did. In the pastexport-led manufacturing offered a way for large numbers of unskilled workers to movefrom field to factory, transforming their productivity at a stroke. Now technologicaladvances have led to fewer workers on factory floors. China and its neighbours may
have been the last countries to be able to climb up the ladder of development simply byrecruiting lots of unskilled people to make things cheaply.
Exports still remain the surest path to success for emerging markets. Competing in
global markets is the best way to boost productivity. But governments outside the gatesof Factory Asia will have to rely on several engines of development—not just
manufacturing, but agriculture and services, too. India’s IT-services sector shows what
can be achieved, but it is high-skilled and barely taps into the country’s ocean of labour.

Such a model of development demands more of policymakers than competing on
manufacturing labour costs ever did. A more liberal global regime for trade in services
should be a priority for South America and Africa. Infrastructure spending has to focus
on fibre-optic cables as well as ports and roads. Education is essential, because
countries trying to break into global markets will need skilled workforces.
These are tall orders for developing countries. But just waiting for higher Chinese
wages to push jobs their way is a recipe for failure.
(The Economist, March 14th 2015)
問１．下線部（ア）の中に入る最も適切な語を次の(1)~(4)の中から一つ選びなさい。
(1) robust(2) fragile(3) superficial(4) disastrous問２．中国の強みに関する記述の中で正しいものを次の(1)~(4)の中から一つ選びなさい。
(1) 中国製品は依然として輸入部品に大きく依存している。
(2) 他国では真似の出来ない部品サプライヤー群の存在が強みである。
(3) 中国における高付加価値の市場が拡大するにつれ、製造コストは強みではなくなった。
(4) 欧米向けの輸出の拡大が中国の強みである。
問３．アセアン以外の新興国にとって今後の進むべき道として誤りはどれですか。次の(1)~(4)の中から一つ選びなさい。
(1) 新興国は、製造分野だけでなく、農業、サービス貿易、教育などに注力すべきである。
(2) 新興国は、人件費の安さを武器に、生産を中国から移転させる事のみが生きる道である。
(3) 新興国にとって重要なのは、地域経済連合など、有効な経済政策を打ち出すことである。
(4) 新興国は、港湾、道路、光ファイバー網の建設などのインフラにも注力すべきである。
正解
問１：
（１）
、問２：
（２）
、問３：
（２）

第２問 次の英文は国際英文契約書の一部である。問１～問１０について、文法・前後関係等を総合的に勘案し、最も適切なものを一つ選びなさい。
Upon the occurrence of any (ア) breach, the non-defaulting party ( イ ) may

terminate this Agreement by giving (( エ ) specifying the nature of the (shall terminate and become (カ) notice of terminationウア) breach. This Agreement ( オ) at the end of the thirty (30) day period fromthe date of receipt of such notice by the defaulting party, without (the non-defaulting party, (ク) thebreach within the said thirty (30) day (コキdefaulting party () notice byケ) such).

問１．
（ ア ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) materialistic(2) mutual(3) multilateral(4) material

問２．
（ イ ）の下線部の単語の意味に最も近いものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) 許可(2) 権利(3) 譲歩(4) 予定問３．
（ ウ ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) formal(2) cable(3) written(4) verbal

問４．
（ エ ）の下線部の単語の意味に最も遠いものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) clarifying(2) pinpointing(3) determining(4) prioritizing

問５．
（ オ ）の下線部の単語の意味に最も近いものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) 義務(2) 予定)(3) 意思(4) 運命問６．
（ カ ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) meaningless and useless(2) null and void(3) invalid and ineffective(4) empty and vacant

問７．
（ キ ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。

(1) farther(2) further(3) feather(4) father

問 8．
（ ク ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) unless(2) although(3) otherwise(4) therefore

問９．
（ ケ ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) will cure(2) cares(3) cures(4) will care

問１０．
（ コ ）に入る語句として最も適切なものはどれか選びなさい。
(1) period(2) suspension(3) interruption(4) interval

正解
問１：
（４）
、問２：
（２）
、問３：
（３）、問４：（４）、問５：（１）、問６：（２）、
問７：
（２）
、問８：
（１）
、問９：
（３）、問１０：（１）