〔AREIPGR Vol. 35 : 147-161, 2019〕
doi:10.24514/00003227
Original Paper

Collaborative Exploration of
Cucurbitaceae Vegetable Genetic Resourcesin Western and Northwestern Cambodia in 2018
Kazutoshi YASHIRO 1), Katsunori TANAKA 2), Yon SOPHEA 3),
Vathany THUN 3), Sakhan SOPHANY 3), Kenji KATO 4)1) Ibaraki Agricultural Center, Plant Biotechnology Institute, Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0292,
Japan2) Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University , 3 Bunkyo, Hirosaki, Aomori 0368561, Japan
3) Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute , National Road 3, Prateahlang,
Dangkor, P. O. Box 01, Phnom Penh, Cambodia4) Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University , 3-1-1 Tsushima-Naka,
Kita, Okayama, Okayama 700-8590, Japan
Communicated by H. NEMOTO (Genetic Resource Center, NARO)
Received Jan. 6, 2020, Accepted Feb. 12, 2020
Corresponding author: K. YASHIRO (Email: k.yashiro@pref.ibaraki.lg.jp)

SummaryThis report describes the second exploration of cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic resources inwestern and northwestern Cambodia, jointly conducted by the National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization (NARO), Japan, and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute(CARDI). A field survey was conducted from November 27 to December 6, 2018. The main objectives
were to collect accessions of melon and other cucurbitaceous crops. During this mission, we surveyed
the Kampong Chhnang, Pursat, Battambang, Pailin and Banteay Meanchey provinces of western andnorthwestern Cambodia. We collected a total of 38 accessions, 31 of Cucumis melo L., 3 of Cucurbita

moschata Duchense, 2 of Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai, 1 of Cucumis sativus L., 1 of
Mukia sp. The seeds of all accessions were shared equally. All accessions were stored as seeds at CARDI
Genebank, and subsets were transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO using the standard
material transfer agreement (SMTA).
KEY WORDS: Cambodia, genetic resources, Cucumis melo , field survey, melon- 147 -

Introduction
The Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) project has been funded by the Ministry ofAgriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Japan, since 2014, to explore, collect, and evaluate the plant genetic
resources of Asian countries. The exploration of cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic resources in thewestern and northwestern district of Cambodia was jointly conducted by the National Agriculture andFood Research Organization (NARO), Japan and the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development
Institute (CARDI), Cambodia.
Cambodia is a country located in the southern portion of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia.
It is 181,035 km2 in area, and is bordered by Thailand to the northwest, Laos to the northeast, Vietnam tothe east and the Gulf of Thailand to the southwest. Cambodia has a temperature range from 21 to 35 oC andis located in the tropical monsoon region, where the southwest monsoon blows inland bringing moistureladen air from the Gulf of Thailand and Indian Ocean from May to October. The northeast monsoon ushers
in the dry season, which lasts from November to April. The country experiences the heaviest rainfall
precipitation from September to October, with the driest period occurring from January to February.
Melon (Cucumis melo L.) is a diversified crop cultivated in tropical, subtropical, and temperatezones. The wild ancestor of melon is suggested to have originated in Africa, and secondary center ofgenetic diversity are considered to be the Middle and Near East and India (Robinson and Decker-Walters
1997). Melon was domesticated at least twice, in Africa and in Asia (Serres-Giardi and Dogimont 2012;Endl et al. 2018). Recently Gonzalo et al. (2019) supported the hypothesis that India is the primary centerof diversity of melon based on genotyping-by sequencing analysis. East and South Asian melon are known
as important genetic resources, having resistance to powdery mildew, downy mildew, gummy stem blight,
fusarium wilt, Aphis gossypii , and several viruses (Pryor et al . 1946; Whiteaker and Bohn 1954; Whiteaker
and Davis 1962; Kishaba et al . 1971; Takada et al. 1979; Wako et al. 2000). However, access to melons
from South Asia is difficult in Japan, unless a proper agreement for access and benefit-sharing is contracted
between the provider and user, or the genetic resources are introduced from a third party, such as the U. S.
National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS), where the largest numbers of accessions are preserved. Exotic
melon genetic resources cannot ultimately be introduced in either case owing to a Japanese plant-protection
policy aimed at preventing the introduction of bacterial fruit blotch (Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli ) andmelon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae ).
Southeast Asian melons such as C. melo L. var. momordica (Roxburgh) Duthie & Fuller, aredistantly related to East Asian melons, such as var. agrestis , var. makuwa , and var. conomon , as shown by
the analysis of complementary genes that cause bitterness in the immature fruit of F1 hybrids (Fujishita etal. 1993). Melons from Southeast Asia are also thought to be useful genetic resources to widen the genetic
base of cultivated melons, and should be used in exploring genetic variation in fruit and seed traits, bothof which not only have valuable information to manage them as genetic resources efficiently, but may also
contribute to downsizing the number of tested materials for the screening of agricultural traits, such as
disease resistance.
Explorations of cucurbitaceous vegetable genetic resources in Cambodia were conducted in thewestern and northwestern areas in 2014 (Matsunaga et al. 2015), in the eastern area in 2015 (Tanaka

et al. 2016), and in the northern area in 2016 (Tanaka et al. 2017). The first explorations in westernand northwestern Cambodia were conducted mainly from markets and farmers around the city in 2014
(Matsunaga et al. 2015).
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In this survey, the second exploration of the western and northwestern areas was extended to areas
far from the city. With the creation of paved roads, we were able to explore previously unexplored areas.
The western and northwestern areas of Cambodia are rapidly developing and there is a risk of losing local
crops; thus, it is necessary to survey genetic resources as soon as possible.
MethodFrom November 27 to December 6, 2018, we explored and collected cucurbitaceous vegetable
genetic resources from the rural areas of Kampong Chhnang, Pursat, Battambang, Pailin, and Banteay
Meanchey provinces located in western and northwestern Cambodia (Table 1, Fig. 1).
Table 1. Itinerary of the survey in western and northwestern Cambodia, 2018
Date
26-NovDay
Mon

Itinerary
Narita 10:50 (NH817) -- 15:40 Phnom Penh

Stay
Phnom Penh

27-Nov

Tue

Visit to Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Phnom
Penh -- Kampong Chhnang (Kampong Chnang Prov.)

Kampong Chhnang

28-Nov
29-Nov
30-Nov

Wed
Thu
Fri

Kampong Chhnang -- Southwest area, Romeas -- Pursat (Pursat Prov.)
Pursat -- Southwest toward Pramaoy -- Pursat
Pursat – Pramaoy and its north and south area -- Pursat

PursatPursatPursat1-Dec

Sat

Pursat -- Moung Ruessei -- Prey Touch and its southwest area -- Battambang(Battambang Prov.)

Battambang

2-Dec
3-Dec
4-Dec
5-Dec
6-Dec
7-Dec
8-Dec

Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat

Battambang -- Pailin and its south area – Battambang
Battambang -- Bavel -- Malai -- Kamrieng -- Battambang
Battambang -- Svay Chek -- Ta Phou -- Sisophon (Banteay Meanchey Prov.)
Sisophon -- Thma Puok and its west area -- Svay Chek and its east area -- Sisophon
Sisophon -- Pursat
Pursat -- Phnom Penh
Sample preparation

Battambang
Battambang
Sisophon
Sisophon
PursatPhnom Penh
Phnom Penh

9-Dec

Sun

Visit to Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (CARDI), Phnom
Penh 22:50 (NH818) -- 6:30 Narita

Fig. 1. Map of the explored route in Cambodia. The routes are shown by bold dotted lines. Each collection site isindicated by a double circle with a corresponding accession number(s). “18CJVC-1”, “18CJVC-2”, “18CJVC-3”,
and so on, are abbreviated as “1”, “2”, “3” and so on.

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Samples were collected from local markets, roadside vegetable stands, farmer’s houses, cropping
fields (Photos 1 ̵ 4). The precise positions of the sites were recorded using GPS. The total mileage was about
3,200 km. The main road was paved, but most of the branching roads were dirt (Photo 5). Many farmers’
houses were located along dirt roads. When we collected genetic resources, we interviewed farmers about
the local names, cultivation methods (sowing and harvest season), harvesting methods, seed preservation
methods, and other information on cultivation (Photo 6). Mixed stored seeds were separated into seeds ofeach crop and were registered independently as corresponding to individual seed samples.
We also investigated 12 characteristics for eight melon fruits. Melon accessions collected as fruits
were harvested for seeds after the investigation of fruit characteristics in our hotels within same day, and theharvested seeds were dried by hanging them in individual plastic nets.
During the field survey, we visited the capitals of the five provinces and various villages along theroute (Fig. 1). The field survey ranged from lowland areas surrounding Tonle Sap to northwestern hilly
areas, at an altitude ranging from 6 to 275 m above sea level (Photos 7 and 8).

Results and Discussion
We surveyed at local markets, roadside vegetable stands, farmers’ houses and cropping fields, totallyat 182 sites. A total of 38 samples wree collected at 26 sites (Fig. 1, Table 2). In one of the fields visited,various cucurbitaceous crops, such as melon, cucumber, and pumpkin, had been loosely cultivated in thesame field (Photos 3 and 4).
In this survey, we collected a total of 38 accessions, 31 of melon (Cucumis melo ), three of pumpkin(Cucurbita moschata ), two of watermelon (Citrullus lanatus ), one of cucumber (Cucumis sativus ), andone of Mukia sp. (Table 2). A total of 10 samples were collected as fruits from farmers, markets andfields (Table 3). All of the remaining samples were collected as seeds from farmers (Table 4). In the caseof melon, eight accessions were collected as fruits and the remaining samples were collected as seeds.
Of eight melon fruits, five were collected from farmers, one from traders, and two at markets. All of 23
melon seed samples were collected from farmersʼ stores. Local farmers stored their seeds in storage cases,
such as plastic bottles and netted or plastic bags; further, some farmers stored all of their cucurbit crop
seeds together. They obtained melon seeds by open pollination. Based on interviews with local people, welearned that many cultivated melon have been introduced from other provinces or regions.
Melon, pumpkin, watermelon, and cucumber were called ‘Tror Sork Srov’, ‘La Pov’, ‘Ov Lek’, and‘Tror Sork Trerng’, respectively, in the area of Cambodia we visited.
Fruit characters of genetic resources collected as fruits were shown in Table 3. All fruits, except for
pumpkin and Mukia sp. of collection Nos. 18CJVC-9 and -14, respectively, were melon. The fruit weight
ranged from 0.80 kg to 2.49 kg in melon. All melon fruits, except for 18CJVC-27, were vertically long.
Epicarp colors of melon fruits were variable, such as white green, orange, yellow, green, or green yellow,
with or without stripes. Outer and inner flesh colors were the same in five melon fruits, and differed in
two. The former five melon fruits had green, yellow or white colored flesh, and the latter two had green
outer flesh and yellow inner flesh. The flesh thickness ranged from 2.2 cm to 3.6 cm. Three melon samples(18CJVC-2, -10, and -30) had a powder textured fruit flesh. The soluble solids content (Brix) ranged from
2.6 to 6.2 oBx in the seven melon fruits, which is lower than those of modern improved varieties; however,
18CJVJ-10, which had a soluble solid content of 6.2 oBx, had a slight sweet taste. These melons had yellow
orange, white, or white orange colored fruit placenta. Jelly was also observed around each seed in melon- 150 -

Table 2. List of collected genetic resources
Plant nameMelon
PumpkinWatermelon
Cucumber
Mukia sp.
Total

Genus & Species
Cucumis melo
Cucurbita moschata
Citrullus lanatus
Cucumis sativus
Mukia sp.

Number of Accessions
31
3
2
1
1
38

Table 3 Fruit characters of cucurbitaceous genetic resources from western and northwestern Cambodia, 2018
FruitÊsize

FruitÊepicarp

Collection
number

WeightLengthDiameter

(kg)

(cm)

(cm)

18CJVC-2
18CJVC-9
18CJVC-10
18CJVC-11
18CJVC-14
18CJVC-15
18CJVC-16
18CJVC-25
18CJVC-27
18CJVC-30

0.80
0.99
2.15
1.75
0.0006
2.49
1.34
1.17
0.98
1.09

23.5
8.5
30.4
22.8
0.6
33.0
22.3
19.5
13.5
25.2

9.0
14.0
11.3
13.2
0.5
14.0
10.6
12.0
12.8
9.0

1)

ColorÊ

1)

WG
O
G
Y
R
G
O
G
Y
GY

Stripe
Rind
+
+
+
+
+
+

FruitÊflesh
Outer

Inner

Brix

Placenta

Jelly

Ê1)

colorÊ1)(cm)

textute(Ê ÊBxÊ)ocolorÊ1)aroundÊseed

G
Y
Y
G
Y
G

G
Y
Y
Y
Y
Y

2.2
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
3.0

3.0

+

6.2
5.0
4.8
5.0

YO
Y
YO
YO
YO
W

W
W

W
W

3.0
2.5

+
+
+

2.6
3.2

WO
W

+
+

color

Thickness Powder+++

Symbol character of color is follow as WG: white green, O: orange, G: green, Y: yellow, R: red, GY: green yellow,
W: white, YO: yellow orange and WO: white ornge.

fruits. 18CJVC-15 and -16 were collected as fruits that were being sold on roadside vegetable stands andcultivated at fields behind its stands. Thus, melon fruits collected had powdery textured fruit flesh andjelly around the seeds, and were likely of C. melo var. momordica from South Asia (Robinson and DeckerWalters 1997; Dhillon et al. 2012).
Based on information from farmers, six melon samples appeared to be introduced from anotherprovince distant from the collection site, such as 18CJVC-1 from Battambang province, 18CJVC-17 from
Pailin province, 18CJVC-33 from the border area between Battambang province and Thailand, 18CJVC10 and -11 from the fruits cultivated at Pramaoy in Pursat province, and 18CJVC-13 from western area.
Five melon samples were progenies of introduced melons from seed shops or markets, such as 18CJVC-8
from commercial melon seeds sold quite some time ago, and 18CJVC-18, -19, -20 and -37 from fruits soldat markets. Melon samples of 18CJVC-28 and -29 were donated from the farmer’s sister two years ago in
the same commune. Melons and melon seeds are transported from production areas to other areas throughwell-paved highways in western Cambodia and seeds collected from those fruits appeared to be utilized
for the next cultivation; new products and technologies can be introduced everywhere. Local people canutilize those new products and technologies. Melon seeds were hardly collected from farmers in western
Cambodia, because they bought melon seeds from market and did not keep seeds for the next cultivation;
thus, melon collections in western Cambodia were lower than those in eastern, northern, and southern
Cambodia, which were 62, 70, and 101, respectively (Tanaka et al. 2016, 2017). In case of cucumber,
improved varieties and cultivation with vertical farming, chemical fertilizer, and pesticide and fungicide
were observed (Photo 9), and no cucumber landraces were found during our survey. Those facts indicatedthat melon landraces may gradually be lost.
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However, 13 melon samples 18CJVC-3, -4, -7, -12, -23, -24, -25, -27, -31, -32, -34, -35, and -36,
have been cultivated for many years, and could be valuable genetic resources.
Cambodia is developing rapidly, with the construction of paved loads to transport many goods
everywhere, as well as the railway from Phnom Penh to Bangkok in Thailand. New agricultural varieties
and technologies are being introduced through this new traffic. Therefore, useful landraces may be lost as
genetic resources owing to Cambodian development, and should be collected as much as possible.
Genetic resources
All seeds of the 38 accessions collected have been stored as genetic resources in the CARDI genebank, and a subset was placed in the NARO Genebank with JP numbers under the standard materialtransfer agreement (SMTA) of the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food andAgriculture (ITPGRFA). We plan to multiply the genetic resources and to evaluate them in 2019.
Acknowledgments
The collaborative exploration was performed based on the Joint Research Agreement (JRA) signed
between Dr. Hiroshi Nemoto, Director of the Genetic Resources Center, NARO (NGRC), Japan and Dr.
Ouk Makara, Director of the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute, Cambodia(CARDI) in 2018.
We thank Dr. Hiroshi Kato, NGRC, and Dr. Ouk Makara, CARDI, for generously supporting ourfield survey; Dr. Norihiko Tomooka, Dr. Hisato Okuizumi, and Dr. Tomotaro Nishikawa, NGRC, NARO
and Mr. Hiroshi Matsunaga, Institute of Vegetable and Floriculture Science, NARO for supporting our fieldsurvey.
This work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia Project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry
and Fisheries of the Government of Japan.
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McCreight JD (2012) Melon landraces of India: Contributions and Importance. In : Plant Breed Rev,
Vol 35. Janick J (ed.). Wiley-Blackwell, New Jersey, pp. 85-150.
Endl J, Achigan-Dako EG, Pandey AK, Monforte AJ, Pico B and Schaefer H (2018) Repeateddomestication of melon (Cucumis melo ) in Africa and Asia and a new close relative from India. Am J
Bot 105: 1662-1671.
Fujishita N, Furukawa H and Morii S (1993) Distribution of three genotypes for bitterness of F1 immature
fruit in Cucumis melo . Jpn J Breed 43 (Suppl. 2): 206 (in Japanese).
Gonzalo MJ, Diaz A, Dhillon NP, Reddy UK, Pico B and Monforte AJ (2019) Re-evaluation of the roleof Indian germplasm as center of melon diversification based on genotyping-by-sequencing analysis.
BMC Genomics 20: 448.
Kishaba AN, Bohn GW and Toba HH (1971) Resistance to Aphis gossypii in muskmelon. J Econ Entomol
64: 935-937.
Matsunaga H, Matsushima K, Tanaka K, Theavy S, Heng SL, Channa T, Takahashi Y and Tomooka N(2015) Collaborative exploration of the Solanaceae and Cucurbitaceae vegetable genetic resources in
Cambodia 2014. AREIPGR 31: 169-187.
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Pryor DE, Whiteaker TW and Davis GN (1946) The development of powdery mildew resistant cantaloupes.
Proc Am Soc Hortic Sci 47: 347-356.
Robinson RW and Decker-Walters DS (1997) Cucurbits. CAB International, New York. pp. 65-70.
Serres-Giardi L and Dogimont C (2012) How microsatellite diversity helps to understand the domestication
history of melon. Proc of the Xth EUCARPIA meeting on genetics and breeding of Cucurbitaceae.
Antalya, Turkey, pp. 254-263.
Takada K, Kanazawa K, Takatsuka K and Kameno K (1979) Studies on the breeding of melon resistant tocucumber mosaic virus I. Difference in resistance among melon varieties and the regional differencesin their distribution. Bull Veg Ornam Crops Res Stn A 5: 1-21.
Tanaka K, Duong TT, Yamashita H, Lay Heng S, Sophany S and Kato K (2016) Collection of cucurbit
crops (Cucurbitaceae) from Eastern Cambodia, 2015. AREIPGR 32: 109-137.
Tanaka K, Shigita G, Sophea Y, Thun V, Sophany S and Kato K (2017) Collection of melon and othercucurbitaceous crops in Cambodia in 2016. AREIPGR 33: 175-202.
Wako T, Ohara T, Ishiuchi D and Kojima A (2000) Petiole-mediated inoculation method for seedling testfor gummy stem blight (Didymella broyoniae ) resistance in melon. Bull Veg Ornam Crops Res Stn
A15: 71-80.
Whitaker TW and Bohn GW (1954) Mosaic reaction and geographic origin of accessions of Cucumis melo
L. Plant Dis Reptr 38: 838-840.
Whitaker TW and Davis GN (1962) Cucurbits Cucumis melo (Musk-melon) – Botany, Cultivation,
Utilization. Interscience Publ Inc, New York. pp. 89-102.

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2018 年度カンボジア西部および北西部におけるウリ科植物遺伝資源の共同探索
1)2)
3)
八城 和敏 ・田中 克典 ・Yon SOPHEA ・
Vanthany THUN 3)・Sakhan SOPHANY 3)・加藤 鎌司 4)1) 茨城県農業総合センター 生物工学研究所
2) 弘前大学 農学生命科学部
3) カンボジア農業開発研究所
4) 岡山大学 大学院 環境生命科学研究科
和文摘要
この調査はウリ科植物遺伝資源を探索するために，国立研究開発法人農業・食品産業技術総合研究機構（農研機構）（NARO）とカンボジア農業開発研究所（CARDI）とで実施した．カンボ
ジア西部および北西部におけるウリ科植物の遺伝資源の 2 回目の調査報告である．2018 年 11 月
27 日から 12 月 6 日にカンボジア西部および北西部のコンポンチュナン州，プルサット州，バッ
タンバン州，パイリン州，バンテアイミンチェイ州において現地調査を実施した．合計 38 点収
集し，メロンが 31 点，カボチャが 3 点，スイカが 2 点，キュウリが 1 点，Mukia sp. が 1 点であった．これらの種子すべてを登録し，カンボジア農業開発研究所に保存するとともに標準材料移転契約（SMTA）に基づいて農研機構遺伝資源センタージーンバンクにも移転・保存した．

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Table 4. Details of genetic resources collected in Cambodia in 2018
JP No. Sample No. Collected
Species
Plant name Local name
Cultivar/ Collection Province
datelandrace
269372 18CJVC-1 27 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Kampong
Chhnang
269373 18CJVC-2 27 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Fruit
Kampong
Chhnang
269374 18CJVC-3 28 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Kampong
Chhnang
269375 18CJVC-4 28 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Kampong
Chnang269376 18CJVC-5 28 Nov. 2018 Cucumis
Cucumber Tror Sork Treig Improved Seeds
Kampongsativus
Chhnang
269377 18CJVC-6 28 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Kampong
Chhnang
269378 18CJVC-7 28 Nov. 2018 Citrullus
Watermelon Ov Lek
Improved Seeds
Kampong
lanatus
Chhnang
269379 18CJVC-8 28 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Pursat- 155 -

269380 18CJVC-9 29 Nov. 2018 Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
269381 18CJVC-10 29 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo MelonLa PoaTror Sork Srov —Fruit

269382 18CJVC-11 29 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov —Fruit

269383 18CJVC-12 29 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269384 18CJVC-13 30 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269385 18CJVC-14 30 Nov. 2018 Mukia sp.

Tror Sork Prey Wild

Mukia

Landrace Fruit

Fruit

269386 18CJVC-15 30 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Fruit

269387 18CJVC-16 30 Nov. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Fruit

269388 18CJVC-17 1 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269389 18CJVC-18 1 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269390 18CJVC-19 1 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269391 18CJVC-20 1 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269392 18CJVC-21 1 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269393 18CJVC-22 1 Dec. 2018 Cucurbita
moschata

La PoaPumpkinLandrace Seeds

District

Commune Village

Latitude/
Altitude Source
Remarks
Longitude(m) (Market name)Kampong Saeb
Taseu
12-3-48.3/
15
FarmerFarmer moved from Battambang Province and got
Tralach104-44-40.66
seeds from her farmily
Kampong Saeb
Taseu
12-3-48.3/
15
FarmerFarmer moved from Battambang Province and got
Tralach104-44-40.66
seeds from her farmily
Boribour
Trapaeng Trapaeng
12-28-32.3/
7
FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years
Chan
Chan
104-25-21.4
KrakorKbal
Kampong leu 12-31-57.9/
6
FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years
Trach
104-13-24.2
KrakorKbal
Kampong leu 12-31-57.9/
6
FarmerTrach
104-13-24.2
KrakorKbal
Kampong leu 12-31-57.9/
6
FarmerTrach
104-13-24.2
KrakorKbal
Kampong leu 12-31-57.9/
6
FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years
Trach
104-13-24.2
KrakorSvay Sor Lang Trach 12-23-3.9/
53
Farmer104-9-8.6
PursatKrong Pusal SangKat Peal Nhaek I 12-32-20.6/
16
FarmerPtesh Prey
103-55-12.6
PursatKrong Pusal SangKat Peal Nhaek I 12-32-20.6/
16
TreaderFruit was carried from Pramaoy
Ptesh Prey
103-55-12.6(Pursat Market)
PursatKrong Pusal SangKat Peal Nhaek I 12-32-20.6/
16
TreaderFruit was carried from Pramaoy
Ptesh Prey
103-55-12.6(Pursat Market)
PursatVeal Veng Steung
Tang Yor
12-23-1.6/
206 Farmer
Farmer cultivates for long years
Thmey
103-17-20.4
PursatBakan
TalourToul Tor
12-33-6.5/
16
FarmerYoung fruits is bitter taste
Teong103-39-45.2
PursatVeal Veng Pramouy Pcheuk
12-4-34.4/
275 Field
Chrom
103-6-32.8
PursatVeal Veng Pramouy Steung
12-19-43.2/
231 Farmer
Thmey
103-8-13.6
PursatVeal Veng Pramouy Steung
12-19-43.2/
231 Farmer
Thmey
103-8-13.6
PursatKrakorTnout
Chheur Teal 12-27-1.3/
27
FarmerSeeds is originated in Pailin
Cheom
104-1-35.2
PursatBakan
Ou Ta
Chamka12-38-1.1/
13
FarmerSeeds are originated from fruit sold at market
peung
Klouy
103-40-18.4
Battambang Rukhak Kiri Prek Cik Chke Kham 12-38-20.2/
31
FarmerSeeds are originated from fruit sold at market
Prues
103-24-57.9
Battambang Koas Kra
ChhnalKrang Svat 12-42-15.5/
35
FarmerSeeds are originated from fruit sold at market two
La
Moan
103-12-9.9
years ago
Battambang Samlout
Kampong Kampong
12-32-46.6/
131 Farmer
Farmer cultivates for long years
Lpou
Lpou
102-52-18.9
Battambang Samlout
Kampong Kampong
12-32-46.6/
131 Farmer
Farmer cultivates for long years
Lpou
Lpou
102-52-18.9

Table 4. (Continued).
JP No. Sample No. Collected
Species
Plant name Local name
Cultivar/ Collection Province
Districtdate
landrace
269394 18CJVC-23 2 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Battambang Ratanak
Mondol269395 18CJVC-24 2 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds
Battambang Samlout- 156 -

269396 18CJVC-25 2 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Fruit

269397 18CJVC-26 2 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved Seeds

269398 18CJVC-27 4 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Fruit

269399 18CJVC-28 4 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269400 18CJVC-29 4 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269401 18CJVC-30 5 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Improved Fruit

269402 18CJVC-31 5 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269403 18CJVC-32 5 Dec. 2018 Cucurbita
Pumpkinmoschata
269404 18CJVC-33 5 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo MelonLa Poa269405 18CJVC-34 5 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

269406 18CJVC-35 5 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

Landrace Seeds

Tror Sork Srov Improved Seeds

269407 18CJVC-36 5 Dec. 2018 Citrullus
Watermelon Ov Lek
Landrace Seeds
lanatus269408 18CJVC-37 5 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon
Tror Sork Srov Improved Seeds
269409 18CJVC-38 6 Dec. 2018 Cucumis melo Melon

Tror Sork Srov Landrace Seeds

Commune Village

Latitude/Longitude
TraengTakrork
12-50-48.1/
102-45-48.6
Samlout Boeung Run 12-38-53.0/
102-46-2.0
Battambang Samlout
Samlout Boeung Run 12-38-53.0/
102-46-2.0
Battambang Samlout
Ta Sanh Anlong Pouk 12-36-33.1/
102-48-45.2
Battambang Krong
SangKat Preak Moha 13-6-14.9/
Battambang Svay Pao Tep
103-11-44.2
Banteay
Mongkol
Phnum
Prey Totueng 12-25-50.8/
Meanchey Borei
Touch
103-2-1.2
Banteay
Mongkol
Phnum
Prey Totueng 12-25-50.8/
Meanchey Borei
Touch
103-2-1.2
Banteay
Krong
Sangkat No.3
13-35-13.8/
Meanchey Sereyi
Preah102-58-22.2
Saophoan Ponlea
BanteayThma Pouk Komrou Tayeong
13-57-49.7/
Meanchey
103-1-3.2
BanteayThma Pouk Komrou Tayeong
13-57-49.7/
Meanchey
103-1-3.2
BanteayThma Pouk Kork
Thral Bam 13-58-27.6/
Meanchey
RomeatBeak102-51-25.6
Banteay
Svay Chek Svay
Damnak13-51-7.6/
MeancheyChek
Kokos
102-46-8.9
Banteay
Svay Chek Svay
Khvav Lech 13-51-22.0/
Meanchey
Chek
102-52-1.34
Banteay
Svay Chek Svay
Khvav Lech 13-51-22.0/
Meanchey
Chek
102-52-1.34
Banteay
Svay Chek Sarongk Chrung
13-45-35.7/
Meanchey
103-6-59.1
Banteay
Preh Netr Bos Sbov Pring Kaong 13-43-40.7/
Meanchey Preah
103-4-40.7

Altitude Source
Remarks(m) (Market name)98
FarmerFarmer moved from Banteay Meanchey andcultivates for 30 years
184 Farmer
Farmer moved from Prey Veng Province andcultivates melon for long years
184 Farmer
Farmer moved from Prey Veng Province andcultivates melon for long years
149 Farmer
Farmer started to melon cultivaton two years ago,
which seeds originated from fruit sold at market
23
Market (Boeung Farmer lives in Ratanak Mondol Dist. Lhea Montrey
Chouk)
Com.&Vil., and cultivates more than 10 years.
12
FarmerFarmers stated to cultivate two years ago when they
got seeds from her sister who lives in same commune
12
FarmerFarmers stated to cultivate two years ago when they
got seeds from her sister who lives in same commune
12
Market (Serey Treader carried fruit from Southern Pailin City
Sophorn)
38

FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years

38

FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years

78

Farmer52

FarmerSeeds were originated from fruit which was cultivatedat the border area in Thailand, Battambang Prov.
Farmer cultivates for long years

27

FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years

27

FarmerFarmer cultivates for long years

19

Farmer19

FarmerSeeds were originated from fruit which was sold atnear market three years ago.
Farmer cultivates for long years

Photo 1. Typical vegetable market
in Cambodia. This is a part of Pursat
Market.

Photo 2. Roadside vegetable standbetween Pursat and Pramaoy. Some
types of melons were sold at this stand.

Photo 3. Cropping fields. Various
cucurbitaceous crops are cultivated in
the same field.

Photo 4. A melon fruit in the field.

Photo 5. Dirt road after rain.

Photo 6. Interview survey with farmers.

- 157 -

Photo 7. Lowland areas surrounding
Tonle Sap.

Photo 8. Northwestern hilly areas.

Photo 9. Vertically cultivated improved
cucumber cultivar.

- 158 -

Photos of collected samples (Nos. correspond to CJV-Nos.)

No. 1 Cucumis meloNo. 2 Cucumis meloNo. 3 Cucumis meloNos. 4 and 5 Cucumis melo andCucumis sativus

Nos. 6 and 7 Cucumis melo
and Citrullus lanatusNo. 9 Cucurbita moschata

No. 10 Cucumis meloNo. 11 Cucumis meloNo. 12 Cucumis meloNo. 13 Cucumis meloNo. 14 Mukia sp.

No. 15 Cucumis melo

- 159 -

Photos of collected samples (No. correspond to CJV-Nos.)

No. 16 Cucumis melo

No.17 Cucumis meloNo. 18 Cucumis meloNo. 19 Cucumis meloNos. 21 and 22 Cucumis melo
and Cucurbita moschataNo. 23 Cucumis meloNo. 24 Cucumis meloSeeds were inside this bottle

No. 25 Cucumis meloNo. 26 Cucumis meloNo. 27 Cucumis meloNos. 28 and 29 Cucumis meloNo. 30 Cucumis melo

- 160 -

Photos of collected samples (No. correspond to CJV-Nos.)

No. 31 Cucumis meloNo. 32 Cucumis meloNo. 34 Cucumis meloNos. 35 and 36 Cucumis melo
and Citrullus lanatus

No. 38 Cucumis melo

- 161 -

No. 33 Cucumis meloNo. 37 Cucumis melo