Study Support and Integration ofCultural Information Resources with Linked Data
Tetsuro, KAMURA
Doctoral Student
School of Multidisciplinary Sciences, Department of Informatics
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies(SOKENDAI)

Fumihiro, KATO (National Institute of Informatics)
Toru,TAKAHASHI (ATR-Promotions.Inc)
Hiroshi,UEDA (ATR-Promotions.Inc)
Ikki, OHMUKAI (National Institute of Informatics)
Hideaki, TAKEDA (National Institute of Informatics)

AgendaIntroduction

ApproachApplications

・Next Generation Web
・Linked Data・Gathering

・Yokohama Art Spot・Standardization

・Photo BURARI(LODAC version)・Integration & Association
・Publishing & SharingIntroduction

Up until now, lots of Japanese museums havebeen built Online DB and Digitized collection.

Each museum has developed separate collection
management system with original metadata.
It is diﬃcult to retrieve relevant information
by searching multiple museum information.

If, we could be search and use themultiple information on the Web....

MuseumInfomation

PublishMuseum Data

GIS

Publish

GIS,Facilities
Data

LocalInformationPublish

Event Data

PublishandShareCreate originalMuseum
 × = service to theWeb service museumMuseum
 × 
Eventrecommendation
GIS=application
 ×Local events
Using Open Data

We can ﬁnd new frontier, new study
and create Web service so on...
5

The Museum ﬁeld in particular.

We challenge to solve Japanese Arts and Culture ﬁelds
propositions with next generation Web technology

A growing new way to distributeinformation on the Web

Next Generation of Distribute Information
Existing Web = Web of Documentex) PDF, HTML, Image format information.

Already processed data.
if, want to use data, you have to extract data frompdf data or strip HTML Tags from HTML data.

Next Generation Web = Web of Dataex) SPARQL Endpoint, RDF format data.

Directly refer to open data.
Available to use RAW data immediately.

The platform called...

Linked Data

Basic Structure of the Linked Data

The address is describedsomethings about information.

http://lod.ac./id/359

Subject

Predicate

Creatorʼs name

Access to the URL,
you can look-up following string

KANZAN

ObjectWhatʼsmean?

Understand “http://lod.ac/id/359” is described about “creatorʼs name” “KANZAN”

The Linked Data consist of the three parts of resource.
This structure is called RDF model. (Resource Description Frameworl) 10

Linking Data

KANZAN

Autumn among TreTitle of Artwork @en

Creatorʼs name is a

http://lod.ac./id/359

秋の木の間
Link to Artwork

Title of Artwork @ja
http://lod.ac./id/20029

Collected

http://

Link to Creatorʼs Reference
Job is a

Japanese style painterhttp://lod.ac./ref/359
was born in1873

Link node, Contains other information links.
String node. Represent string information,(string,number,date )11

Linked Data represents information
as node and arc labeled directed graph
http://lod.ac./id/16510
Autumn among Trees

Link to Artwork
http://lod.ac./id/17327

of Artwork @en
秋の木の間

Link to Artwork

Title of Artwork @ja0029

MuseumLink to Artwork

http://lod.ac./id/912

http://lod.ac./id/17412

Link to Facilities Reference

nese style painterPhone number is
http://lod.ac./ref/91203-5777-8600

1873
Museum name is
TheTokyo National Modern Museum12If, user wants look-up data.
Current Web VS Linked Data
Processed
Converted

Current

Processed

Search and extract datawith several websites everytime.

Query
Query
Query

Query
Converted

Irritated User

Distribute Information

Linked Data
Query

Querying integrated data.

Integrate Information

Happy User

LODAC Museum
Power for “Arts & Culture” with Linked Data

We applied Linked Data to aJapanese museum information.

ApproachGathering data
Museums Source

Uses Data

Amount of Data

Artwork

25,180
4,373
5,819
431
2032
22
1,588
18,482
5.416
5.416
6,286

Catalog of the collections of 3 National Art Museum
National Museum of Western Art
Kyoto National Museum
Nara National Museum
Fukushima Pref. Art Museum
Tochigi Pref. Art Museum
Akita Pref. Art Museum
Iwate Pref. Art Museum
Tokushima Pref. Art Museum
Yamanashi Pref. Art Museum
Kagawa Higashitama Kaii Setouchi Art Museum
Yokohama Art Museum

These are not oﬃcial authorized use...

17

Relevant Sources

Use Data

Amount of Data

Database for National Treasure & Important Cultural
Property of National DesignatedArtwork

915

Cultural Heritage Online

Facilities

DBpedia Japanese (Referred to DBpedia)

WikiPedia

648-GIS data National and Regional Planning Bureau

GeographicalFacilities
Artwork

The Japanese Art Thesaurus

Creator
Association for Arts

Facilities

Overall

266
3,800
1,332
289
109,382

Covers a wide range of content types as already structured concept.
Contains several metadata such as creator name,work title, era,
owner, current location, facilities.
18

Scraping and processing sources

Museums website(HTML, Perl, PHP)

Relevant source website(HTML, Perl)

Processed

Raw Data

Extract contents data, as Raw Data
The Japanese Art Thesaurus(MS-EXCEL Sheets)19

Standardization of data
Re-organized common metadata.
dc:title
crm:P45̲consistOf
skos:preﬂabel
Raw Data....

lodac:era

Re-organized Metadata

Current organized policies
・Use existing metadata.(Use string as data only)
・Deﬁne own metadata.
20

Preﬁx

Metadata Namecrm

CIDOC-CRM

dc11

Dublin Core 1.1

dc

DCMI Terms

skos
rdfs

Simple Knowledge
Organization System
Resource Description
Frame Work Schema

foaf

Friend of a Friend

rda2

Resource Description
and Access

lodac

LODAC Project21

Integrating Data
Integration Data

dc:references(Ref-resource)
Creatorʼs reference

Generated fromRAW data to RDF

dc:references(ID-resource)
Creatorʼs information

Generate RDF andassigned LODAC ID(Ref-resource)
Creatorʼs referenceIntegrating Creatorʼs Information
DBpedia (Wikipedia)

dc:references

SHOMOMURA,
Kanzan@en

下村観山@ja1873
foaf:name
crm:P98I̲was̲born
foaf:namefoaf:name

dc:references

dc:source

LODAC Ref-resource

LODAC ID-resource

Japanese Art Thesaurus

Integrated
creator resource

lodac:creates

External Linklink
External

dc:references

LODAC ID-resource

dc:source

LODAC Ref-resource

National Museum ofModern Art

dc:title

dc:title

木の間の秋@ja
dc:title
Autumn Among
Trees@endc:createddc:title

1907

23

Associating data
Associate Creator and Artwork
A. Japanese Art Thesaurus - 1,332 creators
B. All of artwork - 61,861 titles

Using string match method
Matching KEY

A. Creator of artwork
B. Creatorʼs Name24

Integrate Item

SourceA.Japanese Art Thesaurus

Amountof Data

648

Facilities

77
B.Cultural Heritage Online

Title of important A.Japanese Art Thesaurus (Art work)
cultural properties B.DB for National Treasure (Art work)
Creator informationand Work Title

IntegrationData

A.Japanese Art Thesaurus (Creator)

915
3,800
74
10,115
1,332
15,020B.All of art work (Work title string)

61,861

A.Japanese Art Thesaurus (Creator)

1,332

Creator name

615
B.All of art work title(using creator name)61,86125

Publishing & Sharing
We build a Linked Data infrastructure forfor the museum information

26

Publish data as RDF<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:ns0="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"
xmlns:ns1="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
xmlns:ns2="http://lod.ac/ns/lodac#"
xmlns:ns3="http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#"
xmlns:ns4="http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#">ID-resource URI(Own address)
http://lod.ac/id/359<rdf:Description rdf:about="http://lod.ac/id/359.json"><ns0:title>JSON representation for http://lod.ac/id/359</ns0:title>

External link
DBpedia Japanese<ns1:primaryTopic><ns1:Person rdf:about="http://lod.ac/id/359"><ns2:creates rdf:resource="http://lod.ac/id/20029"/><ns0:references rdf:resource="http://dbpedia.jp/resource/%E4%B8%8B%E6%9D%91%E8%A6%B3%E5%B1%B1"/><ns0:references rdf:resource="http://lod.ac/ref/359"/><ns3:label xml:lang="ja">下村観山</ns3:label><ns4:prefLabel xml:lang="ja">下村観山</ns4:prefLabel><ns1:name xml:lang="ja">下村観山</ns1:name></ns1:Person></ns1:primaryTopic>

Ref-resource URI
http://lod.ac/ref/359</rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>

27

SPARQL Query

TOP20ʼs Duplicate Titles

SPARQL query language is widelyused for querying RDF data.

How many duplicate titles?

WHERE

Pull an artwork resourcesout of the RDF dataset
An artwork resources

SELECT

Pulled data, count duplicate work title.

28Analyzed Technique and Medium of the Artworks

29

Applications

YOKOHAMA Art SpotFacilities

Local

GISArtwork

Photo BURARI (LODAC.Ver)(C)ATR-Promotions,Inc

GIS and Facilities information
through the SPARQL

32

Summary• Organizing
We tried to integrating distributed information as Linked Data.
In consequence, approximately 11 million information available
for common platform.

• Publishing
We published an RDF data on a LODAC Museum website. Theseare everybody can use for free!

• UsingCurrently, the two applications use LODAC Museumʼs Data. We
are more consider how to use these resources.
(We have a plan to use for the purpose of study)

http://lod.ac
LODAC Project
Linked Open Data for Academia

35

Typical Issue• Fluctuation of description
It is serous to integrate data. We need good reference
database for abbreviation,• Updating resources
We need ﬁnd out how to give them regular or on-demand
updates.

• Easy participation
We need to provide easier ways to participate in Linked Datasuch as importing collection data from other format data.

• Authority information
We need the technical term thesaurus.

16,605,601

37

LODAC Project
Linked Open Data for Academia

1. Provide platform for Linked Data.
2. Use academic resources on the Web.
3. Accumulate data and distribute.

LODAC Project
Linked Open Data for Academia

First target ﬁeld is...
・Complex structure of information
・An unexplored ﬁeld of Web technology
・Contribution to the academic and societyExport RDF
data40Ref-resource
Scraped Data

Reference resource(HTML Source(Art work))(Ref-resource)
Assigned a unique ID

CreatorTitle
Location
Convert into RDF format

Can not change for any resources context as scraped data.
Any context (without metadata) have authority over eachmuseums curator.

ID-resource
Step1.

Step2.

Based on theJapanese Art Thesaurus

Associating the samedata by a string match

Use Several Source
ArtworkCreatorFacilities....

Matching based data to all of resources

Generate RDF=Identiﬁed as RDF

LODAC ID resource(ID-resource)
Assigned a unique ID

ID-resource(Integration data)

DBpedia(WikiPedia)

Ref-resource(Japanese ArtThesaurus)

Ref-resource(Art Work fromeach Museum)43

SPARQL Endpoint

44

Museum
Local information
Technical terms

Look-up

Other information
Integration Data
Information
Automatically cross searchIf, could be search and use themultiple information on the Web....

ID-resource Tab

Link to an artwork
ID-resource

46Ref resource Tab

47

“Web of Data” thinking• Collect

Aggregate data and metadata.

• Use

Use data for oneself .

• Publish

Publish through the web services.

• ShareShare information in society.

New distibute information platform
Thatʼs called...