Strategy Paper on Future Direction of Monitoring for Dry
Deposition of the EANET (2021-2025)

Drafted by the Task Force on Monitoring for Dry Deposition of the EANET

September 2020
Network Center for the EANET

Strategy Paper on Future Direction of Monitoring for Dry Deposition of the EANET(2021-2025)

Table of Contents

I.

Introduction…………………………………………………………………. 1

II.

Current status……………………………………………………………….. 2

III.

Objectives…………………………………………………………………..... 4IV.

Activities to be implemented to achieve the objectives from 2021 to
2025………………………………………………………………………....... 4

V.

Capacity building of air concentration monitoring and dry deposition
study………………………………………………………………………..... 10

VI.

Collaboration with relevant networks/organizations…………………….. 10

Appendix: Members of the Task Force on Monitoring for Dry Deposition…...... 13
References………………………………………………………………………….... 15

I. Introduction
1.

The Task Force on Dry Deposition Monitoring for the Acid Deposition Monitoring
Network in East Asia (EANET) was first established in 1998 by the Interim Scientific
Advisory Group (ISAG) of the EANET to carry out the following functions:i)

To prepare a draft Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) program forthe first priority chemicals and particles during the preparatory phase, forconsideration and adoption by ISAG, andii) To develop the Strategy Paper for Future Direction of Dry Deposition Monitoringof EANET, for consideration of ISAG.
2.

On the recommendation of SAC, the Tenth Session of the Intergovernmental Meeting(IG10) in November 2008 agreed to change the name of the Task Force to “Task Forceon Monitoring for Dry Deposition” and also agreed to the following new Terms ofReference (TOR) for the Task Force:i)

To further develop and elaborate the strategy for dry deposition evaluation in theregionii) To discuss on future direction of dry deposition evaluation and provide guidanceon relevant activities based on the strategyiii) To develop the Technical Manuals for Air Concentration Monitoring and Dry
Deposition Flux Estimation3.

Since 2015, the Task Force has conducted activities under the following revised TORof the Task Force adopted by the 15th Session of Scientific Advisory Committee(SAC15) in 2015.
i)

To further develop and elaborate the strategy for dry deposition evaluation in theregionii) To discuss on future direction of dry deposition evaluation and provide guidanceon relevant activities based on the strategyiii) To improve the Technical Manuals for Air Concentration Monitoring and Dry
Deposition Flux Estimation
4.

Since the beginning of EANET, the Task Force has successfully produced four
important documents as follows:i)

Strategy Paper for Future Direction of Dry Deposition Monitoring of EANET
endorsed by ISAG in September 1999
–1–ii) Strategy Paper for Future Direction of Dry Deposition Monitoring of EANET(Second Edition) endorsed by the 5th Session of Scientific Advisory Committee(SAC5) of the EANET in September 2005iii) Strategy Paper on Future Direction of Monitoring for Dry Deposition of EANET(2011-2015) endorsed by the 10th Session of Scientific Advisory Committee(SAC10) of the EANET in October 2010iv) Strategy Paper on Future Direction of Monitoring for Dry Deposition of EANET(2016-2020) endorsed by the 15th Session of Scientific Advisory Committee(SAC15) of the EANET in October 2015
5.

The Strategy Paper for Future Direction of Dry Deposition Monitoring of EANET(Second Edition) mentioned the step-wise approaches for dry deposition monitoring.
As the first step, the priority chemical species that were identified in view of theirserious impacts on the ecosystem and human health, should be monitored according to
the standardized monitoring methodologies. The priority chemical species are shownas follows.
Gaseous Species: SO2, O3, NO, NO2, HNO3, HCl, NH3
Particulate matters: PM10 , PM2.5, Components in PM (SO42-, NO3-, Cl-, NH4+, Na+ ,Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ )6.

Then, as the second step, the methodology for dry deposition monitoring is
implemented on the research bases including setting up of direct measurement study,
parameterization of deposition resistances, and development of the “Inferential
Method”. Consequently, the suitable site for estimating dry deposition flux should beselected among the air concentration monitoring sites.

7.

As the third step for enhancement of dry deposition monitoring, consideration on
feasibility of developed monitoring techniques, enhancement of spatial coverage fordry deposition flux estimation, promotion of an ozone and PM10 /PM2.5 monitoring
network and review of its current status in East Asia, develop the database for surface
resistances of tropical and boreal regions, further elaborate QA/QC for air concentration
monitoring have been implemented according to the Strategy Paper on Future
Direction of Monitoring for Dry Deposition of EANET (2016-2020).

II. Current status

–2–

8.

Dry deposition is the process by which gases and particles are deposited directly onto
the surface of the earth by gravitational settling and atmospheric diffusion. It is difficult
to quantify the dry deposition amounts because of the dependency of deposition
velocity on meteorological conditions, surface conditions, and chemical species. Direct
measurement (e.g., Eddy correlation method) to determine the dry deposition amounts
requires costly equipment. It is hard to conduct the direct measurement at many
sampling sites simultaneously.

9.

On the other hand, a number of preceding studies demonstrated that it is feasible for aroutine monitoring activity to estimate the dry deposition amounts by coupling air
concentration data with estimated deposition velocity by meteorological measurements.
In this “Inferential Method”, the dry deposition amount is estimated by routine
atmospheric and meteorological monitoring data (Baumgardner et al., 2002, Flechard
et al., 2011, Adon et al., 2013). Dry deposition flux of gaseous and particulate species
is calculated by the product of air concentration and deposition velocity.

10. Expert groups established under the Task Force have drafted the relevant technicalmanuals; the Technical Manual on Dry Deposition Flux Estimation in East Asia
adopted by the Tenth Session Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC10) in October,
2010, and the Technical Manual for Air Concentration Monitoring in East Asia adopted
by the Thirteenth Session Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC13) in September, 2013.
These manuals are to provide guidelines of dry deposition flux calculation in the
EANET region using the site-specific meteorological and ambient concentration
monitoring data and ambient air concentration monitoring to standardize the monitoring
methodology, respectively.
11. The regular phase of the EANET activity has been operated since 2001. Regarding dry
deposition monitoring, the atmospheric composition is measured with a filter-pack, apassive sampler and/or automatic monitors at 52 sites in 13 EANET participating
countries as of 2018. These atmospheric composition data at EANET sites have beenused for assessment of regional air quality, trend analysis of atmospheric composition,
validation of atmospheric models (Chatani et al., 2014, Ban, et al., 2016, Li et al., 2016,
Jeong et al., 2018, Okamoto et al., 2018, Taketani et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2019, Li etal., 2019, Itahashi et al., 2020, Takami et al., 2020). The EANET data has significantly
contributed to the understanding of atmospheric processes in the region. Therefore,
enhancement of dry deposition monitoring such as sustaining quality assurance/quality
control (QA/QC) of air concentration monitoring, expansion of monitoring items and–3–sites, and data of high time resolution monitoring are important for satisfying the publicdemand.
12. As of 2018, calculation of dry deposition flux by the “Inferential Method” wasimplemented at 10 EANET stations in Japan. However, the number of available
EANET sites for dry deposition flux estimation is limited because there are a limited
number of the EANET sites where the hourly meteorological data are available.
III. Objectives
13. Considering the current status of monitoring for dry deposition in the EANET, theenhancement of air concentration monitoring at EANET sites, the further elaborationof dry deposition flux estimation and enhancement on data analysis combined with
monitoring data, emission inventory and air quality model are most important issues
for the upcoming years. The following future objectives should be achieved during2021 and 2025.
i)

To provide more elaborated atmospheric monitoring and atmospheric deposition
data including dry deposition flux for the assessment of the adverse effects on soil,
vegetation, inland aquatic systems and human healthii) To enhance Quality Assurance and Quality Control (QA/QC) of atmosphericcomposition monitoringiii) To enhance data analysis of dry deposition and atmospheric composition by
combining with atmospheric numerical models for regional assessment in EastAsia
IV Activities to be implemented to achieve the objectives from 2021 to 2025
14. The Network Center (NC) for the EANET has encouraged and assisted the participating
countries to conduct air concentration monitoring of the priority chemical species at
EANET atmospheric monitoring sites. Moreover, the following items should be
conducted in order to achieve the objectives shown in Chapter III. The time schedulesof these activities from 2021 to 2025 as well as deliverables of each activity aresummarized in the Table 1.
i) Further develop and elaborate air concentration monitoring methodology in East Asia

–4–

15. The Technical Manual for Air Concentration Monitoring in East Asia was adopted in2013, and the national air monitoring at EANET sites should follow this manual. This
standardization is important to provide the comparable and reliable dataset. Somerequirements in the participating countries may not comply with those in this manual.
For such a case, the requirements specified in each country can take precedence unlessmonitoring data are comparable with those in the other countries. The standardizationand comparability should also consistent with those in other regional monitoring
networks.
16. To attain the above objective, the current status on air concentration monitoring
methodology in the participating countries should be reviewed. When some conditionsin the participating countries will not comply with the EANET manuals, the datacomparability should be investigated. Furthermore, the monitoring conditions
described in the EANET manuals should be compared with those in other regional
monitoring networks. This activity will be implemented by the NC and the Expert
Group on Revisions of the Technical Manuals (EGRTM) and reviewed by the Task
Force during 2021–2022. As the deliverable, the revised Technical Manual for Air
Concentration Monitoring in East Asia will be published.
17. In order to develop an air concentration monitoring methodology which will fulfill thescopes of the EANET, a new monitoring methodology should be considered. For
example, the conventional NOx analyzer cannot selectively detect NO2. The alternative
monitoring methods of NO2 are recommended to install especially in remote sites where
the concentrations of reactive nitrogen compounds other than NO2 are significant.
18. Among the current monitoring methods, only filter pack monitoring is feasible formonitoring of aerosol compositions. Because there are usually diurnal variations of dry
deposition velocity, hourly measurement of air concentration is preferable. However,
the time resolution of filter pack is one or two weeks described in the current technicalmanual. Therefore, the adoption of aerosol measurement with shorter time resolution
could be desired. Size classified particulate matter monitoring is also important forelaboration of dry deposition flux estimation with particle size dependence andcharacterization of fine particulate matter.
19. In this context, the feasibility of developed monitoring techniques should be considered.
The developed monitoring techniques such as noted in the previous paragraphs will be
reviewed and the feasible way for monitoring at EANET stations will be considered.
Because considerable amounts of costs and resources are necessary to conduct the–5–official method of air concentration monitoring in some countries, it is important toconsider the use of low-cost air concentration monitors as an alternative option. Whenthe low-cost monitor is used, the validation procedure should be clearly identified. This
activity will be also implemented during 2021–2025. The outcomes of this activity will
be included in the revised Technical Manual for Air Concentration Monitoring in East
Asia.
ii) Further develop and elaborate dry deposition flux estimation methodology
20. The Technical Manual on Dry Deposition Flux Estimation was adopted in 2010, anddry deposition flux has been reported in the EANET data report since 2012. Attachedto the technical manual, the NC developed a calculation tool to estimate dry depositionof selected parameters using the “Inferential Method” at EANET sites. The technicalmanual should be more user-friendly for relevant staffs in the participating countries,
and the calculation tool should also include various types of deposition surfaces.
21. Hourly meteorological and air concentration data are necessary to calculate dry
deposition flux because there is a diurnal variation of dry deposition fluxes of somespecies. However, there is the limited number of the dataset on hourly basis at EANET
sites, which cause large uncertainty of dry deposition fluxes. It is necessary to
encourage the participating countries to submit meteorological and air concentration
data with short time resolution in EANET sites. Furthermore, a more simplified
estimation methodology by using longer averaged data should be considered at the sites
where short time resolution data are hard to be submitted.
22. Because the application of the “Inferential Method” in the East Asian region isunderdeveloped, elaboration of the “Inferential Method” is indispensable. The NC willcontinue to collaborate with scientists from the participating countries to make direct
measurements of dry deposition flux for other chemical species and under various typesof environmental conditions to improve the current estimations of deposition velocities.
By those basic researches, the parameterization to calculate dry deposition velocity
should be updated based on the direct measurement studies in East Asia.
23. Available data set of hourly meteorological and air concentration data at EANET sites
should be surveyed. Furthermore, a more simplified estimation methodology by using
longer averaged data or use of hourly meteorological model data should be consideredat the sites where short time resolution data are hard to be submitted. Moreover, thedetermination of seasonal category in the current technical manual is not suitable for–6–the tropical region, which should be modified in the revised technical manual. The
elaborated parameterization of dry deposition velocity described in the previous andthis paragraphs will be reviewed by the Task Force with the help of the EGRTM during
2021–2022. As the deliverable, the revised Technical Manual on Dry Deposition Flux
Estimation in East Asia will be published.
iii) Enhancement of spatial coverage for dry deposition flux estimation
24. The present number of monitoring sites for air concentration is inadequate to represent
the state of the atmospheric environment in the vast region of East Asia. Moreover, not
all the current air concentration monitoring sites are measuring all the recommended
priority chemical species for the EANET.
25. The participating countries should, therefore, make more effort to establish additional
monitoring sites, particularly in the data-sparse areas, taking into consideration
geographic, climate and ecological conditions.
26. In order to enhance the spatial coverage, the NC will continue to promote continuous
measurements of air concentrations by encouraging the participating countries to use
automatic real-time monitoring instruments as well as lower cost and highly accurate
methodologies measuring average air concentrations in rural/remote areas such as filter
packs, denuders or passive samplers, whichever is the most feasible for respective sites.
27. The NC in cooperation with the participating countries will continue to make an effort
to expand the network of air concentration monitoring sites and encourage themonitoring of all priority chemical species in 2021–2025. As a result, it is expected toincrease the number of stations providing dry deposition flux data in East Asia.
iv) Promotion of an ozone monitoring network for the review of its current status in East
Asia
28. The measurement of surface ozone has been identified as one of the priority items in
the EANET. However, there are a limited number of EANET sites at which ozone ismeasured by using automatic analyzers or passive samplers. Moreover, the sampling
period varies in some countries. Recent satellite imageries indicate that ozone is a
growing problem in East Asia. The insufficient number of ozone concentration data has
made it difficult for the EANET to analyze the severity and extent of the ozone problem.
Therefore, ozone monitoring network should be further promoted.
–7–29. It has been suggested that high concentrations of ozone may be harmful to the growthof crops and trees. Several papers on the effects of ambient level ozone on Japanese,
Chinese and Indian crops and a few studies on Southeast Asia showed that the exposure
to ambient level ozone induces reduction in growth and yield. (Task Force on Research
Coordination, 2015). Daily health effect of ozone in East Asia was considered to becomparable with western multi-city studies with some reservations, and the burden of
disease for ozone in East Asia was considered substantial (Task Force on Research
Coordination, 2015). Furthermore, ozone is expected to increase in East Asia in the
future owing to the increase in NOx emissions, which implies increasing regional
warming by ozone forcing (Task Force on Research Coordination, 2015). Various
adverse effects of tropospheric ozone in East Asia have been pointed out, and thus thereview of the state of ozone pollution and its adverse effect by using the accumulated
ozone data in the participating countries is desirable.
30. To enhance number of ozone concentration data in East Asia, further efforts should bemade to promote an ozone monitoring network. The NC will encourage theparticipating countries to establish more ozone concentration monitoring sites using
national resources in 2021–2025. The NC will try to provide and install an ozone
monitor in developing countries that do not have sufficient resources to acquire themonitor by the support of external funds. Additional monitoring of ozone may be
carried out in the countries using passive samplers or low-cost ozone sensors,particularly in rural, remote and forest sites to supplement the network.
31. Each ozone monitor in the EANET shall be calibrated using an ozone calibrator
traceable to the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S.A.)
Standard Reference Photometer (SRP) at least once every two years according toTechnical Manual for Air Concentration Monitoring in East Asia. However, the limited
countries have the SRP used as the national standards. The NC will lend an ozone
standard calibrator that is traceable to the SRP to the participating countries upon therequest. As a result, it is expected to increase the number of stations in East Asia
providing ozone data that are comparable to the other networks’ data.
v) Promotion of a PM10 /PM2.5 monitoring network for the review of their current status
in East Asia
32. PM10 and PM2.5 are designated as the priority chemical species for EANET dry
deposition monitoring. The number of the stations providing PM10 and PM2.5 has been–8–

increased in recent years. However, limited PM (particulate matter) concentration data
especially in developing countries is an obstacle to evaluate the potential air quality
impacts originated from various sources and establish air quality standards of PM2.5 .
Therefore, PM10 /PM2.5 monitoring should be further promoted.
33. It is also important to review and provide information on the status and potential riskof PM because the importance of the adverse effects of PM has been recognized in
EANET the participating countries as well as acidic substances. According to several
investigations on the short-term effect of PM on human health in China, the Republicof Korea and Japan, the resulting increase in mortality rates varies with cities andcountries (Task Force on Research Coordination, 2015). The effects of aerosols on
climate change are dependent on the chemical compositions of aerosols. Typicalscattering aerosols such as ammonium sulfate and nitrate result in significant surface
cooling, whereas absorbing aerosols including black carbon and brown carbon aerosols
cause atmospheric heating (Task Force on Research Coordination, 2015). These opticalproperties of aerosol will affect crop yields and tree growth both positively andnegatively. The promotion of a PM10 /PM2.5 monitoring and chemical characterizationof PM in the participating countries will enable to provide sufficient data to evaluate
the adverse effects.
34. The NC will encourage the participating countries to establish more PM massconcentration monitoring sites using national resources in 2021–2025. The NC will try
to provide and install a PM monitor in developing countries that do not have sufficient
resources to acquire the monitor by the support of external funds. Moreover, theoperational cost of PM monitors is one of the difficulties for expansion of monitoring,and therefore the use of low-cost PM sensors will be considered as trial. As a result, it
is expected to increase the number of stations the number of stations providing PM10
and PM2.5 data in East Asia.
vi) Further elaborate QA/QC for air concentration monitoring
35. The Technical Manual for Air Concentration Monitoring in East Asia described
QA/QC of air concentration monitoring covering overall procedures such as monitoring
site, field and laboratory operations, data management, and determination of accuracy
and precision, DQOs (Data Quality Objectives) of fundamental parameters. Also, theinter-laboratory comparison project on dry deposition has been implemented since 2005
in order to check the analytical validity of filter pack samples. The QA/QC in the–9–

EANET air concentration monitoring should be occasionally reviewed so that it willconsider any new advances in the monitoring methodologies.
36. The QA/QC described in the EANET technical manuals should be occasionallyreviewed, and some factors which are not consistent with other international networks
should be elaborated in 2021–2025. The outcomes of this activity will be included in
the revised Technical Manual for Air Concentration Monitoring in East Asia.
V. Capacity building of air concentration monitoring and dry deposition study
37. The NC will continue to support the participating countries to build capacity in air
concentration monitoring activities. For example, the NC will make an effort to holdindividual training courses/workshops/seminars for responsible persons of air
concentration monitoring. The NC should also make full use of capacity building
opportunities organized by international organizations such as the Clean Air Asia
Center (CAA) with support from the Asian Development Bank, Japan International
Cooperation Agency (JICA), Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Programme of theWorld Meteorological Organization (WMO) and so on.
38. It is important to expand contact information on experts of air concentration monitoringand dry deposition study in East Asia because the experts have a plenty of knowledge
on regional studies. The NC will develop the list of national experts on the atmosphericenvironment especially in the fields of air quality and dry deposition in East Asia inorder to keep them informed on recent developments in monitoring for dry deposition
and related research activities in the participating countries.
VI. Collaboration with relevant networks/organizations
39. Collaboration with other networks and organizations is essential to address regional andglobal air pollution issues and also to ensure the sustainability and future developmentof the EANET. Till now, the EANET has continued to build and strengthen links withsome international/domestic programs and initiatives such as the Cooperative
Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation of the Long-Range Transmission of Air
Pollutants in Europe (EMEP) under the Convention on Long-Range Transboundary Air
Pollution (CLRTAP), WMO/GAW and National Atmospheric Deposition Program(NADP). The collaborative works to be implemented by the NC covers:– 10 –

i)

Joint research studies on air concentration monitoring and dry deposition flux
estimation in the EANET region involving researchers from the NC, researchers in
the participating countries and interested external scientists.

ii) Sharing the monitoring data and metadata to assess regional and global impact on
atmospheric environment and ecosystems.
iii) Coordinating investigations on global or inter-regional transport of air pollutant
which threaten human health and ecosystems.
iv) Learning the good practices for addressing regional and transboundary air pollution
problems, including the application of modeling and emission inventories,
evaluation of long-term effects, control and mitigation measures, etc.
40. The EANET should continue to seek opportunities to inform and update theinternational and regional scientific programs and potential funding agencies on
EANET activities, highlighting the significance and achievements since the start of its
regular activities, and the need to continue efforts to promote a comprehensive approachto relevant environmental problems. The NC and relevant organizations in theparticipating countries will promote collaboration focusing on the following:i)Seeking the ways to strengthen the existing cooperation with EMEP, WMO, theRegional Forum on Environment and Health developed jointly by World HealthOrganization (WHO) and Asia Pacific Clean Air Partnership (APCAP) under theUnited Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).

ii) Building partnerships and linkages with other programs in the region such as
Deposition of Biogeochemically Important Trace Species of the International
Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP-DEBITS), Malé Declaration in South
Asia and ASEAN Haze Agreement.
41. Besides monitoring data analysis, atmospheric modeling is an essential tool forclarification of atmospheric processes and the identification of important air pollution
sources. Enhancement on data analysis combined with monitoring data, emission
inventory and air quality model will provide more reliable results because they
compensate each other. The NC will communicate with modeling and emission
inventory research communities such as Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia
(MICS-Asia) in order to discuss elaboration on atmospheric models and emission
inventories by providing air concentration data at EANET sites. The output from theresearch communities will be reflected to the 5th Periodic Report on the State of Acid
Deposition in East Asia that will be prepared during 2025–2026.

– 11 –

Table 1 Time schedule of implementation of activity
Activity

2021

2022

i-i) Review of the Technical
Manual for Air
Concentration Monitoringin East Asia

X

Xi-ii) Consideration on
feasibility of developed
monitoring techniquesXXii) Further develop andelaborate dry deposition
flux estimation
methodologyiii) Enhancement of spatial
coverage for dry
deposition flux estimationiv) Promotion of an ozone
monitoring network for thereview of its current status
in East Asiav) Promotion of a PM10/PM2.5
monitoring network for thereview of their current
status in East Asiavi) Further elaborate QA/QC
for air concentration
monitoring

X

X

X

X

X

2023

X

2024

X

2025

Deliverables

X

Revised Technical
Manual for Air
Concentration
Monitoring in East
Asia

X

Revised Technical
Manual on Dry
Deposition Flux
Estimation in East
Asia

X

X

Increasing the numberof stations providing
dry deposition flux
data in East Asia

X

Increasing the numberof stations providing
ozone data in East
Asia

X

Increasing the numberof stations providing
PM10/PM2.5 data in
East Asia

X

Revised Technical
Manual for Air
Concentration
Monitoring in East
Asia

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

– 12 –X

X

X

X

Appendix
Members of the Task Force on Monitoring for Dry Deposition(As of September, 2020)
1.

Prof. Fan Meng
(Chair)Director, Institute of Atmospheric Environment,
Chinese Research Academy of Environmental
Sciences, China

2.

Ms. Loch Sokleang

Vice Chief, Office of Laboratory, General
Directorate of Environmental Protection, Ministryof Environment, Cambodia

3.

Dr. Li Jianjun

Senior Engineer, Department of Air Quality
Monitoring, China National Environmental
Monitoring Center, China

4.

Ms. Rina Aprishanty

Section Head, Technical Services Section,
Environment Management Center, Ministry ofEnvironment, Forest and Climate Change,
Indonesia

5.

Dr. Shiro Hatakeyama

Director General, Asia Center for Air Pollution
Research, Japan6.

Mr. Thilakone
SisouphanhTechnical Officer, Environment Quality
Monitoring and Analysis Division (DEQMA),
Natural resource and environment Research
institute (NRERI), Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment, Lao PDR

7.

Dr. Ahmad Fairudz
Jamaluddin

Director, Atmospheric Sciences Section,
Malaysian Meteorological Department, Malaysia

8.

Ms. Bold Altantuya

Engineer, Acid Deposition Monitoring Division,
Central Laboratory of Environment andMetrology, National Agency for Meteorology andEnvironment Monitoring, Ministry ofEnvironment and Tourism, Mongolia

9.

Dr. Kyu Kyu Sein

Assistant Director, Hydrological Division,
Department of Meteorology and Hydrology,
Ministry of Transport and Communications,
Myanmar10.

Engr. Jundy del Socorro

Senior Environmental Management Specialist, Air
Quality Management Section, Environmental
Management Bureau, Department of Environment
and Natural Resources, Philippines– 13 –

11.

Prof. Taehyoung Lee

Professor, Environment Engineering Department,
Hankuk University of Foreign Studies, Republicof Korea

12.

Dr. Sergey A. Gromov

Head of Sci Sector, Environmental Pollution
Department, Institute of Global Climate andEcology of Roshydromet and Russian Academy of
Sciences, Russia

13.

Dr. Patcharawadee
Suwanathada

Director of Ambient Air Quality Division, Air
Quality and Noise Management Bureau, Pollution
Control Department, Ministry of Natural
Resources and Environment, Thailand

14.

Dr. Le Ngoc Cau

Director, Center for Environmental Research,
Vietnam Institute of Meteorology, Hydrology andClimate Change, Ministry of Natural Resources
and Environment, Vietnam

Secretariat:
Dr. Hiroaki Minoura, Dr. Keiichi Sato, Dr. Mingqun Huo, Dr. Akie Yuba
Network Center for the EANET
Atmospheric Research Department, Asia Center for Air Pollution Research– 14 –

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