ᢚ࠺ࡘ࡜᳨⣴ㄏᑟᛶᛀ༷࣏̿ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ᝟ሗࡢ᝿㉳ࡣࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ᝟ሗࡢ᝿㉳ࢆᢚ࠼ࡿ࠿㸽̿㧗ᒣ ᱈㤶 රᗜᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔Ꮫᰯᩍ⫱◊✲⛉᭶ඖ ᩗ ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫ
Depression and retrieval-induced forgetting:Does remembering positive memories inhibit remembering negative memories?
Momoka TAKAYAMA (Graduate School of Education, Hyogo University of Teacher Education)
Takashi TSUKIMOTO (Gifu University)࠶ࡿ㡯┠ࢆ᳨⣴ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪㛵㐃ࡋࡓ௚ࡢ㡯┠ࡀᢚไࡉࢀ㸪グ᠈ᡂ⦼ࡀపୗࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࢆ᳨⣴ㄏᑟᛶᛀ༷ (retrieval-induced forgetting: RIF) ࡜࠸࠺ (Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork, 1994; ᭶ඖ࣭ᕝཱྀ, 2006)ࠋᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪㏻ᖖ㸪࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥ࡜ࡉࢀࡿ Nrp 㡯┠ (no retrieval practice item) ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㸪่⃭ࡢឤ᝟౯࡜ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀグ᠈ࣃࣇ࢛࣮࣐ࣥࢫ࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕⋡ࡀ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡼࡾ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Nrp 㡯┠࡬ࡢᢚไࡀ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚ῶᑡཬࡧᾘኻࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Rp–㡯┠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡋࡓ⩌࡛ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢຠᯝ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚༢ㄒࡢឤ᝟౯ࡢຠᯝ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪せᅉ࡟ࡼࡿཧຍ⪅㛫ࡢ Rp–㡯┠ࡢᢚไຠᯝࡀ⏕ࡌࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅ࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ༢࡟ฎ⌮ࡋ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼ
ࡾࡶࡴࡋࢁᢚไࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࡀ♧၀ࡉࢀࡓࠋ
 Key words: memory, retrieval-induced forgetting, quasi-retrieval-induced forgetting, depression㏆ᖺࡢㄆ▱ᚰ⌮Ꮫⓗグ᠈⌮ㄽ࡛ࡣ㸪᝿㉳ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢไ⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ゝ࠼ࡤ㸪RIF ࡜ࡣ㸪࠶ࡿ㔜せ࡞ฎ⌮࡜ࡋ᳨࡚⣴ (retrieval) ࡜ᢚไ (inhibition)≉ᐃࡢ㡯┠ࢆ᳨⣴ࡍࡿ㝿࡟㸪ࡑࢀ࡜㛵㐃ࡍࡿ௚ࡢ㡯ࡀ௬ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ᳨⣴ࡣ㸪グ᠈ᵓ㐀ࡢ୰࠿ࡽάᛶ໬ࡋ

┠ࡀᢚไࡉࢀ㸪ᚋࡢ᳨⣴ᶵ఍࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ࡑࡢᢚไࡉ

ࡓグ᠈⾲㇟ࡢ୰࠿ࡽᚲせ࡞グ᠈ (target memory) ࢆࢀࡓ㡯┠ࡢグ᠈ᡂ⦼ࡀపୗࡍࡿ࡜࠸࠺⌧㇟࡛࠶ࡿ᥈ࡍฎ⌮࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ᢚไࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ௚ࡢグ᠈ࡢάືࢆప

(Anderson et al., 1994; ᭶ඖ࣭ᕝཱྀ, 2006)ࠋ

ୗࡉࡏࡿฎ⌮ࢆᣦࡍࠋ㐺ษ࡞᝿㉳ࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡣ㸪➇ྜ

㏻౛㸪RIF ࡣ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ (retrieval practiceࡍࡿグ᠈⾲㇟ (competitors) ࡬ࡢᢚไࡀ㐺ษ࡟ാࡃparadigm) ࡜࿧ࡤࢀࡿᐇ㦂ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ࡼࡗ᳨࡚ウࡉࢀࡇ࡜ࡀ㔜せ࡜࡞ࡿ (᭶ඖ, 2007)ࠋ᝿㉳࡟㛵ࡍࡿࡇࡢࡼࡿࠋࡇࡢᡭ⥆ࡁࡣ㸪(1) Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵㸪(2) ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵㸪࠺࡞⪃࠼᪉ࡣ㸪᳨⣴ㄏᑟᛶᛀ༷ࢆⓎぢࡋ㸪ᐇ㦂ࣃࣛ(3) ᭱⤊෌⏕ẁ㝵࡜࠸࠺ 3 ẁ㝵࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀࡿࠋᏛ⩦ẁࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⪃᱌ࡋࡓ Anderson, Bjork, & Bjork (1994) ௨㝵࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣࡑࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࡜ࡑࡢ஦౛࠿ࡽ㝆㸪ᗈࡃᾐ㏱ࡋ࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࡞ࡿᑐ㐃ྜ (౛㸸ᯝ≀̿ࣞࣔࣥ㸪ᯝ≀̿ࣂࢼࢼ㸪Ṋჾ᳨⣴ㄏᑟᛶᛀ༷ (retrieval-induced forgetting: RIF)̿ࢼ࢖ࣇ㸪Ṋჾ̿ࣆࢫࢺࣝ) ࢆᏛ⩦ࡍࡿࠋḟࡢ᳨⣴⤒ࡣ㸪㠀ពᅗⓗ࣭㛫᥋ⓗ࡞グ᠈᳨⣴࡟ࡼࡗ࡚⏕ࡌࡿᢚ㦂ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓ่⃭ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪 ༙ศࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡢ୰ࡢࡉࡽ࡟༙ศࡢ஦౛࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ㄢ㢟ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⩌ࡢ᭱⤊෌⏕⋡࡜㸪㏻ᖖࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ࢝ࢸࢦࣜྡ࡜஦౛ࡢ㢌ᩥᏐࢆᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ (౛㸸ᯝ≀̿㝵ࢆ⤒ࡓ⩌ࡢ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ࣞ) ࡜ࡍࡿㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ (word-stem cued recall)ᯝ㸪RIF ࡢ᳨ฟ࡟⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢ෌⏕⋡ࡢ᪉ࢆ⾜࠺ (ᶆ‽ⓗ࡞ᡭ⥆ࡁ࡛ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡣ 3 ᅇ⾜ࢃࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࠋ
ࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽTsukimoto & Kawaguchiࡣ㸪ࢀࡿ)ࠋࡇࡢ᫬㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡉࢀࡓ㡯┠ࢆ Rp+㡯┠᳨⣴⤒㦂᫬࡟㸪Rp+㡯┠࡜࢝ࢸࢦࣜࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜

(retrieval practice+ item; ౛㸸ࣞࣔࣥ)㸪Rp+㡯┠࡜ྠࡌ࡛άᛶ໬ࡍࡿ Rp–㡯┠ࡀᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃ㸪Rp+࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡔࡀ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡉࢀ࡞࠸㡯┠ࢆ Rp–㡯┠㡯┠࡜ࠕᏛ⩦ẁ㝵࡛ぬ࠼ࡓࠖ࡜࠸࠺࢚ࣆࢯ࣮ࢻ࠶ࡿ(retrieval practice– item; ౛㸸ࣂࢼࢼ)㸪Rp+㡯┠ཬࡧ Rp–࠸ࡣᩥ⬦ࢆඹ᭷ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛άᛶ໬ࡍࡿ Nrp 㡯┠ࡶᢚ㡯┠࡜␗࡞ࡿ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡢ㡯┠ࢆ Nrp 㡯┠ (no retrievalไࡉࢀࡿ࡜ㄽࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ (ᩥ⬦ࡢඹ᭷࡟⏤᮶ࡍࡿάᛶ

practice item; ౛㸸ࢼ࢖ࣇ㸪ࣆࢫࢺࣝ) ࡜᧯సⓗ࡟ᐃ⩏໬ࡣ Rp–㡯┠࡛ࡶ⏕ࡌ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜⪃࠼ࡿࡢࡀ⮬↛࡛࠶ࡉࢀࡿ (Figure 1)ࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᩘศ࠿ࡽᩘ༑ศࡢࢹ࢕ࢫࢁ࠺)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ Nrpࢺࣛࢡࢱㄢ㢟ࡢᚋ㸪᭱⤊෌⏕ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࢝ࢸࢦ㡯┠ࡶᢚไࡉࢀ㸪᭱⤊෌⏕⋡ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆࣜྡࡢࡳࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿ࢝ࢸࢦࣜᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ⮬⏤෌⏕Anderson (2003) ࡣ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖࣭ࣥࢹࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ(category-cued free recall) ࡜ࡋ࡚Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡛ぬ࠼ࡓ㡯(baseline deflation) ࡜ྡ࡙ࡅࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࢆᐇ㦂ⓗ࡟┤┠ࢆ᝿㉳ࡍࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᛮ࠸ฟࡍ㡯┠ࡢ㡰ᗎࢆ⤫ไࡋ᥋ᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ◊✲ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟ᑡ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ࡓࡾࣛࣥࢲ࣒໬ࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟㸪࢝ࢸࢦࣜ㸫ㄒᖿ

Murayama, Miyatsu, Buchli, & Storm (2014) ࡣ RIF ◊✲ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ (category plus word-stem cued recall) ࡀࡢ࣓ࢱศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖࣭ࣥࢹࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿሙྜࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ඾ᆺⓗ࡞⤖ᯝ࡜ࡋ࡚㸪Nrp 㡯ࡢᏑᅾࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡜ẚ࡭ࡓ᫬࡟㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡣ

Nrp 㡯┠࡬ࡢᢚไ࡟╔┠ࡋࡓᩘᑡ࡞࠸◊✲࡜ࡋ࡚ࡼࡾ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࢀࡣ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟ࡼࡿ⦎⩦ຠᯝ࡛࠶Harris, Sharman, Barnier, & Mould (2010) ࡣ㸪᝿㉳ࡉࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉㸪Rp–㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡣ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡓឤ᝟ⓗ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࢆᢅࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᙼዪࡽࡣ㸪ࢿࡼࡾపࡃ࡞ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࢆ⾜ࢃ࡞࠿ࡗ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡛ࡢࡳRIF ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ Rp–㡯┠ࡢ᳨⣴ྍ⬟ᛶࡀపୗࡍࡿ⌧㇟ࡀ RIF ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋࡓࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࡣ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖ࣥࡢ≉ᚩⓗ࡞ࡿࠋᕪ␗࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪Nrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌

RIF ◊✲࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖ㸪Nrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࢆ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ⏕⋡ࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࡢ᪉ࡀࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞

࢖ࣥ࡜ࡋ㸪Rp–㡯┠࡜ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࢆẚ㍑ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ

⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋゝ࠸᥮࠼ࡿ࡜㸪RIF ࡢຠࡗ࡚ RIF ࡢ᭷↓ࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪Rp+㡯┠࡜ᒓࡍᯝࡣᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡿ⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࡢឤ᝟౯࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿ

ࡿ࢝ࢸࢦࣜࡀ␗࡞ࡿࡣࡎࡢ Nrp 㡯┠ࡶࡲࡓᢚไࡉࢀ

ࡇ࡜ࡸ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼ

࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋTsukimoto & Kawaguchiࡾࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࡣᢚไࡉࢀࡿࡀ㸪࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖࣭ࣥ(2006) ࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵ࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱࢹࣇ࣮ࣞࢩࣙࣥࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡋࡓ
᫬ࡢ Nrp 㡯┠ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈࡟⏕ࡌࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
Nrp 㡯┠ࡢᡂ⦼࡟╔┠ࡋࡓ Harris et al. (2014) ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈࡟ࡣᢚไࢆཷࡅ࡟ࡃ࠸࡜࠸
࠺ᛶ㉁ࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈࡬ࡢᢚไຠᯝࡣ≉ᐃࡢグ᠈ࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࡟
࠾࠸࡚ࡢࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟⯆࿡῝࠸▱ぢ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ㸪⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ◊✲ࡢᛶ㉁ୖ㸪グ᠈ࡢෆᐜࡸឤ᝟౯㸪ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡢ⤫ไࡀᡂࡾ❧Figure 1. ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢᐃ⩏ࠋࡗ࡚࠸࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡸࡴࢆᚓ࡞࠸ၥ㢟ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ୍⯡࡟㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆ෌⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣᖾ⚟ ឤࢆ㧗ࡵࡿຠᯝ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆ෌⏕ࡍࡿࡇ࡜Table 1ࡣ㐣ཤࡢኻᩋࢆ⧞ࡾ㏉ࡉ࡞࠸ࡓࡵࡢຠᯝ࡞࡝ࡀ࠶ࡾ㸪ᐇ㦂࡛౑⏝ࡋࡓឤ᝟ㄒ 24 ಶཬࡧࣇ࢕࣮ࣛ༢ㄒ 4 ಶேࡣឤ᝟ⓗ࡞グ᠈࡟㛵ࡍࡿࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆࡶࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ⇍ㄒࡢ✀㢮่⃭ㄒ࡜ࡀ▱ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᝟ሗ࡟ẚ࡭㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒᛌᬕ 㐩ᡂ ᖾ㐠 ᡂຌ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᝟ሗࢆࡼࡾ෌⏕ࡍࡿഴྥࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣅ᭱㧗 ຾฼ ᛂ᥼ ‶Ⅼࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ (positivity bias) ࡜࿧ࡤࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇᐇ⦼ ᭷ᮃ ೺ᗣ ᢤ⩌ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡣ㸪ᮃࡲࡋ࠸⮬ᕫ࢖࣓ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒᬯẅ Ỉ⇿ ⤯ᮃ ㏣ᨺ࣮ࢪࢆಖࡘࡓࡵ࡟㸪Ⰻ࠸⮬ᕫ࢖࣓࣮ࢪ࡜୍㈏ᛶࡢ࠶

೫ぢ ಽ⏘ ⑓Ẽ 㐼㞴ࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆ෌⏕ࡋ㸪⮬ᕫ࢖࣓࣮ࢪࢆᝏ໬

㏞ᝨ ἾᲬ ᜍᛧ ⱞቃࡉࡏࡿࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆᢚไࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟⏕ࡌࡿ࡜ࣇ࢕࣮ࣛ༢ㄒ㈈⏺ ᪥᭙ ೵⁫ Ọᖺ⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (Sedikides & Green, 2009)ࠋ
࡜ࡇࢁࡀ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢ㧗࠸⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ㸪ࡇࡢ඾ᆺⓗ࡞࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆ♧ࡉࡎ㸪࣏ࢪࢪࢸ࢕ࣈRP vs. ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈRP) ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ (ཧຍࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᝟ሗࡼࡾࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᝟ሗࢆࡼࡾ᝿㉳ࡋࡸ⪅㛫㸸㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ vs. ᢚ࠺ࡘ) ࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡋ㸪᭱⤊෌ࡍ࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (Burt, Zembar, &⏕ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿṇ෌⏕⋡ࢆᚑᒓኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿ 3 せᅉΰ

Niederehe, 1995; cf. Harris et al., 2014)ࠋࡇࡢࡇ࡜࠿ࡽ㸪ྜィ⏬ࠋᢚ࠺ࡘẼศࡀឤ᝟ⓗ࡞グ᠈ࡢ᝿㉳࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼㸪RIFᐇ㦂ᮦᩱ  ่⃭ㄒ ஬ᓥ࣭ኴ⏣ (2001) ࡀㄪᰝࡋ࡚ࡢຠᯝࡶኚ໬ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋྲྀࡾࡲ࡜ࡵࡓឤ᝟౯ࢆᣢࡘ₎Ꮠ 2 Ꮠ⇍ㄒ࠿ࡽ㸪࣏ࢪᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣᏛ⩦ࣜࢫࢺࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟౯ࢆᣢࡘ༢ㄒ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ឤ᝟౯ࢆ

࣒ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜࡛㸪⤫ไࡉࢀࡓ᮲௳ୗ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪RIF ࡜క࠺༢ㄒࡑࢀࡒࢀ 14 ಶࡎࡘ㑅ᐃࡋ㸪ィ 28 ಶࡢ༢ㄒ࡜ࡶ࡟㸪่⃭ࡢឤ᝟౯ࡀ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ Nrp 㡯࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿࣜࢫࢺࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᖹ௬ྡ⾲グ࡟┤┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ

ࡋࡓ㝿࡟ᩥᏐᩘࡀ 4 ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᖹ௬ྡ⾲グ࡛ࡢ┠ⓗ࡜ࡍࡿࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕㢌ᩥᏐࡀ௚ࡢ༢ㄒ࡜␗࡞ࡿ࡜࠸࠺᮲௳ࢆ‶ࡓࡍࡼ࠺⋡࡟୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ࡟༢ㄒࢆ㑅ᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ 28 ಶࡢ༢ㄒࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪ឤ᝟௬ㄝࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ➨୍࡟㸪୍᪉ࡢឤ᝟౯

౯ࡀẚ㍑ⓗᙅ࠸ 4 ಶࢆࣇ࢕࣮ࣛ㡯┠࡜ࡋࡓ (Table 1)ࠋ

ࢆక࠺༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖୍᪉ࡢឤ᝟౯ࢆక࠺༢ㄒࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓሙྜࣥ࡜࡞ࡿ Nrp 㡯┠࡛࠶ࡿ௚᪉ࡢឤ᝟౯ࢆక࠺༢ㄒᢚ

(Rp 㡯┠)㸪ࡶ࠺୍᪉ࡢឤ᝟౯ࢆక࠺༢ㄒࡣ᳨⣴⤒㦂ไࡉࢀ㸪ṇ෌⏕⋡ࡣపୗࡍࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ≉࡟㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࡢᑐ㇟࡜ࡣࡏࡎ⤫ไ㡯┠ (Nrp 㡯┠) ࡜ࡋࡓࠋRp ࣜࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡟ࡼࡾ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢚࢫࢺཬࡧ Nrp ࣜࢫࢺࡢ๭ࡾᙜ࡚ࡣ㸪ཧຍ⪅㛫࡛࢝࢘ไຠᯝࡼࡾࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢚไຠᯝࡢ᪉ࡀࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡋࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪ྛ Rp 㡯┠ࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪༙ᩘ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ➨஧࡟㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢ㧗࠸⪅ࡣࡀ Rp+㡯┠㸪ṧࡾࡢ༙ᩘࡀ Rp–㡯┠࡜࡞ࡿࡀ㸪ࡇࢀࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞グ᠈ࢆࡼࡾ᝿㉳ࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁࠿ࡽࡶཧຍ⪅㛫࡛࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࡋࡓࠋࡽ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞༢ㄒ࡬ࡢᢚไຠᯝࡣ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡼࡾᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀపࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ෌⏕ㄢ㢟 ᳨⣴⤒㦂࡛ࡣ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࢆᣦᐃࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ྛ༢ㄒࡢᖹ௬ྡ⾲グ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㢌ᩥᏐ࡜ 3 ᩥᏐศࡢୗ⥺࠿ࡽ᪉ἲ࡞ࡿᩥᏐิࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡛ࡢᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡜ࡋ࡚⏝࠸ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅  ᒱ㜧኱Ꮫᩍ⫱Ꮫ㒊 76 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 28 ྡ㸪ࡓ (౛㸸ࢁࡃ࠾ࢇЍࢁ㹝㹝㹝, ࡚࠸ࡓ࠸Ѝ࡚㹝㹝㹝)ࠋ

ዪᛶ 48 ྡ)ࠋᖹᆒᖺ㱋ࡣ 20.43 ṓ (SD = 0.17)ࠋᐇ㦂ࡣࡲࡓ㸪᭱⤊෌⏕ẁ㝵࡛ࡣ㸪⮬⏤෌⏕ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋಶู࡟⾜ࡗࡓࠋࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱㄢ㢟 ࢹ࢕ࢫࢺࣛࢡࢱㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚㸪ᐇ㦂ィ⏬  㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉ (ཧຍ⪅ෆ㸸Rp+ vs. Rp– vs.

Ⅼࡘ࡞ࡂㄢ㢟ࢆ 3 㢟 (ᰴᘧ఍♫ࢽࢥࣜ, 2016) ࢆ⏝࠸Nrp) ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿ่⃭ࡢឤ᝟౯ (ཧຍ⪅㛫㸸࣏ࡓࠋࡇࢀࡽ 3 㢟ࡣ඲య࡛ 5 ศ㛫࡛ゎࡁࡁࢀ࡞࠸ࡼ࠺ 

࡞Ⅼࡘ࡞ࡂၥ㢟ࢆ㑅ࢇࡔࠋ

࡜࡜ࡶ࡟㸪ឤ᝟౯ (࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ or ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ) ࡀ࿊ᐇ㦂ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵ཬࡧ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵ࡑࢀ♧ࡉࢀࡓ (Figure 3)ࠋ
᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡣ6 ㄒ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡒࢀ࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪่⃭ㄒཬࡧㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆࣛࣥࢲ࣒

Rp+㡯┠࢝࢘ࣥࢱ࣮ࣂࣛࣥࢫࢆ࡜ࡿࡓࡵ࡟᳨⣴⤒㦂࡟࿊♧ࡍࡿࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ (PsychoPy v2) ࢆసᡂࡋࡓࠋẁ㝵ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ 4 ࡘసᡂࡋࡓࠋ Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪ึࡵ࡟ᩍ♧ᩥࢆ࿊♧ࡋ㸪

 Beck ᢚ࠺ࡘᑻᗘ ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࢆ ᐃᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡢ‽ഛࡀᩚ࠸㸪ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࣮࢟ࢆᢲࡍ࡜ᐇ

ࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪Beck Depression Inventory (Beck, Ward,㦂ࡀ㛤ጞࡍࡿ௙⤌ࡳ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࣮࢟ࢆᢲࡍ

Mendelson, Mock, & Erbaugh, 1961) ࡢ⩻ヂ∧࡛࠶ࡿ᪥࡜㸪ὀどⅬࡀ⏬㠃୰ኸ࡟ 500ms ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪୰ኸᮏ∧࣋ࢵࢡᢚ࠺ࡘホ౯ᑻᗘ (ᯘ, 1988; ᯘ࣭℧ᮏ, 1991)࡟༢ㄒࡀ 5000ms ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪༢ㄒࡢ࿊♧࡜࡜ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ (௨ୗ㸪BDI ࡜ࡍࡿ)ࠋBDI ࡣ 21 㡯┠࠿ࡽ࡞ࡶ࡟㸪ࡑࡢ༢ㄒࡢឤ᝟౯ (࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ or ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ)ࡿ 4 ௳ἲ (0㹼3) ࡢ⮬ᕫホ౯ᘧᑻᗘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᮏ࡜₎Ꮠࡀ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓ (Figure 2)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ึ㢌ຠᯝཬࡧ◊✲࡛ࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ᑐࡍࡿ೔⌮ⓗ࡞㓄៖࡜ࡋ࡚㸪᪂㏆ຠᯝࢆ㝖እࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪᭱ึ࡜᭱ᚋࡣࣇ࢕࣮ࣛ㡯➨ 9 㡯┠ࠕ⮬ẅᛕ៖ࠖࢆ㝖࠸ࡓ 20 㡯┠ࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࠋࡇ┠ࡀ 2 ㄒࡎࡘ࿊♧ࡉࢀ㸪ᐇ㦂ㄒ 24 ㄒࡣࣛࣥࢲ࣒࡟ᥦ

ࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡇࡢᑻᗘࡢᚓⅬࡢ⠊ᅖࡣ 0㹼60 Ⅼ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋᡭ⥆ࡁ  ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀᐇ㦂ᐊࡋ㸪PC ࡢ๓࡟╔ᖍࡋ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵ࡢࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡣ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀᩍ♧ࡓᚋ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ࡣ㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞ព࿡ࢆక࠺༢ㄒ࡟⏬㠃࡛ࢫ࣮࣌ࢫ࣮࢟ࢆᢲࡍ࡜㸪ὀどⅬࡀ⏬㠃୰ኸ࡟㛵ࡍࡿグ᠈ᐇ㦂࡜㸪║⌫࡜ᡭࡢ㐃ື࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐇ㦂࡟

500ms ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓᚋ㸪⏬㠃୰ኸ࡟ Rp+㡯┠ࡢㄒᖿᡭཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆᩍ♧ࡋࡓࠋ࡞࠾㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡀ࠿ࡾࡀ 3000ms ࿊♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ᫬㸪ㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ

ࡢಶே᝟ሗࡢಖㆤ࡟ࡣ᭱኱㝈㓄៖ࡍࡿࡇ࡜㸪ᐇ㦂ࡢཧຍ࣭୙ཧຍࡣᙉไ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃ௵ព࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜㸪ࡸࡵࡓࡃ࡞ࡗࡓࡽ㏵୰࡛ࡸࡵ࡚ࡶၥ㢟ࡣ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆᩍ♧ࡋ㸪୙᫂Ⅼࡀ࡞࠸࠿ࢆᑜࡡ㸪㉁ၥ࡟ࡣ㐺ᐅᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ࡣཧຍྠព᭩࡟グධࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸㸪ᐇ㦂ࢆ㛤ጞࡋࡓࠋᏛ⩦ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣࣔࢽࢱୖ࡟࿊♧ࡉࢀࡿ่⃭ㄒࢆ㸪ᚋ࡟⾜࠺ࢸࢫࢺࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡍ࡭࡚ぬ࠼ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡍ࡭࡚ࡢ༢ㄒࡢ࿊♧ࡀ⤊஢ࡋࡓᚋ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪ඛ࡯࡝ࡢᏛ⩦ẁ㝵࡛ぬ࠼ࡓ༢ㄒࡢࢸࢫࢺࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪ࣔࢽࢱୖ࡟࿊♧ࡉࢀࡿㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆࡶ

Figure 2. Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿヨ⾜ࡢὶࢀࠋ࡜࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦ࡋࡓ༢ㄒࢆᛮ࠸ฟࡋཱྀ㢌࡛ᅇ⟅ࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋ᳨⣴⤒㦂⤊஢ᚋ㸪5 ศ㛫ࡢጉᐖㄢ㢟ẁ㝵ࢆᐇ᪋ࡋࡓࠋᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅࡟ࡣ㸪3 ᯛࡢⅬࡘ࡞ࡂㄢ㢟ࢆ㓄ᕸࡋ㸪║⌫࡜ᡭࡢ㐃ື࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ㄪᰝࡍࡿࡓࡵ㸪5 ศ㛫ࡢⅬࡘ࡞ࡂࡢᡂ⦼ࢆ ᐃࡍࡿ࡜ᩍ♧ࡋࡓࠋⅬࡘ࡞ࡂㄢ㢟࡟㛵ࡍࡿ㉁ၥ࡟ࡣ㐺ᐅᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋ᭱⤊෌⏕ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ㸪ⓑ⣬ࢆ㓄ᕸࡉࢀ㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡟࠾࠸࡚ぬ࠼ࡓ༢ㄒࢆࡍ࡭࡚᭩ࡁฟࡍࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ♧ࡉࢀࡓࠋࡇࡢ㝿㸪᫬㛫ࡢไ㝈ࡸᅇ⟅᪉ᘧࡢỴࡲࡾࡣタࡅࡎ㸪᭩ࡁ⤊ࢃࡗࡓࡽ㸪ᐇ㦂⪅࡟

Figure 3. ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿヨ⾜ࡢὶࢀࠋኌࢆ࠿ࡅࡿࡼ࠺࡟ᩍ♧ࡋࡓࠋ⮬⏤෌⏕ࡢᚋ㸪ᐇ㦂ཧຍ⪅ࡣ BDI ࡟ᅇ⟅ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢᚋ㸪ࢹ࢕ࣈ࣮ࣜࣇ࢕ࣥࢢࢆ⾜࠸㸪ᐇ㦂ࢆ⤊஢ࡋࡓࠋ = 9.41) ࡜࠸࠺ෆヂ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ᭱⤊෌⏕࡟࠾ࡅࡿ RIF ࡢ᳨ウ  ᭱⤊෌⏕ẁ㝵 (⮬⏤෌⏕) ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᡂ⦼ࢆ Figure 4 ࡟♧ࡍࠋࡇࢀࡽࡢṇ⤖ᯝ෌⏕⋡࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ (ཧຍ⪅㛫㸸㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ vs.

᳨⣴⤒㦂ᡂຌ⋡  ᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡛⾜ࢃࢀࡓㄒᖿᡭᢚ࠺ࡘ) ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡢឤ᝟౯ (ཧຍ⪅㛫㸸࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈࡀ࠿ࡾ෌⏕ࢸࢫࢺࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ (᳨⣴⤒㦂ᡂຌ⋡) ࡣRP vs. ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ RP) 㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉ (ཧຍ⪅ෆ㸸

47.1% (SD = 0.25) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡇࡢ࠺ࡕ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ᡂ

Rp+ vs. Rp– vs. Nrp) ࢆ⊂❧ኚᩘ࡜ࡍࡿ 3 せᅉศᩓศຌ⋡ࡀ 50%௨ୗࡢ⪅ࢆ㝖እࡋࡓ 41 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 12 ྡ㸪ᯒࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝ㸪㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ୺ຠᯝ (F (2, 74)

ዪᛶ 29 ྡ) ࢆ᭷ຠศᯒᑐ㇟࡜ࡋࡓࠋ᭷ຠศᯒᑐ㇟⪅= 73.61, p < .001, η2p = .67)㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡜㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ᳨⣴⤒㦂ᡂຌ⋡ࡣ 66.7% (SD = 0.14) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ

ࡢ஺஫స⏝ (F (2, 38) = 4.14, p = .02, η2p = .10) ࡀ᭷ព㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡟ࡼࡿ⩌ศࡅ  ᭷ຠศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᖹᆒᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡜᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡢឤ᝟౯㸪㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ 2 ḟBDI ᚓⅬࡣ 11.15 Ⅼ (SD = 7.94) ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋWilliamࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ពഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (2, 74) = 2.86, p(1983 ୰ᮧ┘ヂ 1993) ࡟ᇶ࡙ࡁ㸪ࡉࡽ࡟ᮏᐇ㦂࡛㝖

= .06, η2p = .07)ࠋࡇࢀࡽ௨እࡢ୺ຠᯝ㸭஺஫స⏝ࡣㄆእࡋࡓ㡯┠ᩘࢆ຺᱌ࡋ࡚㸪0㹼13 Ⅼࡢ 29 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 9ࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 1.5, n.s.)ࠋ

ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 20 ྡ) ࢆ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ (ᖹᆒ BDI = 7.17, SD =2 ḟࡢ஺஫స⏝࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ୗ఩᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪2.89)㸪14 Ⅼ௨ୖࡢ 12 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 3 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 9 ྡ) ࢆᢚࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡜㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ࠺ࡘ⩌ (ᖹᆒ BDI = 20.75, SD = 8.06) ࡜ࡋࡓࠋ஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ព࡛࠶ࡾ (F (2, 74) = 4.24, p = .02,௨ୖࡢᡭ⥆ࡁ࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࠕ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ㸩࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RPࠖ

η2p = .09)㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RP ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡜㡯┠⩌ࡀ 19 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 7 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 12 ྡ; ᖹᆒ BDI = 7.05,ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ஺஫స⏝㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡢ

SD = 2.89)㸪
ࠕ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ㸩ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ RPࠖ⩌ࡀ 10 ྡឤ᝟౯࡜㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ஺஫స⏝ࡀ᭷ពഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ

(⏨ᛶ 2 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 8 ྡ; ᖹᆒ BDI = 7.40, SD = 2.87)㸪

(ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸪F (2, 74) = 2.77, p = .07, η2p = .06; F (2, 74) =ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘ㸩࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RPࠖ⩌ࡀ 4 ྡ (ዪᛶࡢࡳ; ᖹ2.42, p = .10, η2p = .06)ࠋࡑࡢ௚ࡢ༢⣧஺஫స⏝ࡣㄆࡵ

ᆒ BDI = 18.50, SD = 3.20)㸪
ࠕᢚ࠺ࡘ㸩ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ RPࠖ

ࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓ (Fs < 2, n.s.)ࠋ

⩌ࡀ 8 ྡ (⏨ᛶ 3 ྡ㸪ዪᛶ 5 ྡ; ᖹᆒ BDI = 21.88, SDḟ࡟㸪༢⣧࣭༢⣧୺ຠᯝࡢ᳨ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁ㸪࣏1㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈRP0.9

㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈRP0.8

ᢚ࠺ࡘ ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈRP0.7

ᢚ࠺ࡘ ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈRP

ṇ 0.6
෌
⏕ 0.5
⋡ 0.4
0.3
0.20.1
0Rp+Rp-Nrp㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉ

Figure 4. ྛ⩌࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ (࢚࣮ࣛࣂ࣮ࡣᶆ‽ㄗᕪ)ࠋ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RP㸭ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ RP ࡣ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡢᑐ㇟࡜࡞ࡗࡓ่⃭ࡢឤ᝟౯ࢆ⾲ࡍࠋ 

ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RP ࡢ Rp–㡯┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀ᭷ពࡢࡳ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ࡛࠶ࡾ (F (1, 111) = 6.07, p = .02, η2p = .05)㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࡿࠋ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅ࡀᩥᏐ㏻ࡾᢚ࠺ࡘⓗ࡛࡞࠸ࡢࡣ㸪ᙼࣈ RP ࡢ Nrp 㡯┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀ᭷ពഴྥ࡛

ࡽࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈグ᠈ࡢ෌⏕ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ୍ᐃ࡟ಖࡓࢀ࡚

࠶ࡗࡓ (F (1, 111) = 2.94, p = .09, η2p = .03)ࠋࡲࡓ㸪ᢚ࠸ࡿࡓࡵ࡞ࡢ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋణࡋ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ Nrp

࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ Nrp 㡯┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡢឤ᝟౯ࡀ᭷ព

㡯┠࡟࠾ࡅࡿឤ᝟౯ࡢ㐪࠸ࡣ㸪グ㏙⤫ィⓗ࡟ࡣᕪࡀഴྥ࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (F (1, 111) = 3.44, p = .06, η2p = .03)ࠋ

࠶ࡿࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼ࡿࡶࡢࡢ᭷ព࡛ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪๓ࡉࡽ࡟㸪㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉࡢ༢⣧࣭༢⣧୺ຠᯝࡣࡍ࡭࡚

㏙ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࡣ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅࡟࠾᭷ព࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RP: F (2, 74)࠸࡚ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈグ᠈ࡼࡾࡶ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈグ᠈ࡀඃ఩࡛

= 18.04, p < .001, η2p = .31; 㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ
RP: F (2, 74) = 5.98, p = .004, η2p = .13; ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ RP; F (2, 74) = 32.42, p < .001, η2p = .44; ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ RP: F (2, 74) = 25.66, p < .001, η2p = .38)ࠋ

࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆព࿡ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛ࡶ㸪࣏ࡇࢀࡽ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ Ryan ἲ࡟ࡼࡿከ㔜ẚ㍑ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ࠸ࡋࡓሙྜ㸪Rp–㡯┠ (ࡇࢀࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡇࡎࢀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ㸪Rp+㡯┠ࡀ Rp–㡯┠࡜ Nrp 㡯┠ࡼ࡜࡟ὀព) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋࡾࡶ᭷ព࡟㧗࠸ࡀ㸪Rp–㡯┠࡜ Nrp 㡯┠࡟᭷ព࡞ᕪࡼࡾලయⓗ࡟ࡣ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡼࡾࡶࡣㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋ

Rp–㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࠋཧຍ⪅ෆ࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Nrp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅ࡼࡾࡶඃ఩࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺㝈ᐃⓗ࡞ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫ࡛࠶ࡿࠋRp–㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡  ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ᚑ᮶ࡢ RIF ࡜༊ูࡋ㸪ཧຍ⪅㛫࡛ぢࡽࢀࡿ Rp–㡯┠⪃ᐹࡢᢚไຠᯝࢆࠕ‽᳨⣴ㄏᑟᛶᛀ༷ (quasi-retrieval-ᮏ◊✲ࡢ┠ⓗࡣ㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ༢ㄒࡢឤ᝟౯

induced forgetting: Q-RIF)ࠖ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜࡟ࡍࡿ࡞ࡽࡤ㸪ࡀ࣮࣋ࢫࣛ࢖࡛ࣥ࠶ࡿ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡟୚࠼ࡿᮏ◊✲࡛ぢࡽࢀࡓ Q-RIF ࡣ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴ᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋྠ᫬࡟㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪㛵㐃ࡍࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡬ࡢ⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒࡟࠾ࡅࡿ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡟ᑐࡋᢚไຠᯝࡀ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱࡚ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡀ୚࠼ࡿᙳ㡪࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡋࡓࠋࡁ࠸ࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋ௬ㄝࡣ௨ୗࡢ㏻ࡾ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣅࢸ࢕࣭ࣂ

ࡲࡓ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴࢖࢔ࢫࡢほⅬ࠿ࡽ㸪Nrp 㡯┠࡟ᑐࡍࡿᢚไຠᯝࡣ㸪1)⤒㦂ࡍࡿ᪉ࡀ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿሙྜ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࡼࡾࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࡢ᪉ࡀ኱ࡁࡃ࡞

࡟ẚ࡭㸪 Rp–㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡀప࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡶ Q-ࡾ㸪2) ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡟࠾࠸࡚㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀ㸪

RIF ࡜࿧ࡪࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࠋࡇࡢ Q-RIF ࡣ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡼࡾ኱ࡁࡃ࡞ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋᐇ㦂ࡢ⤖ᯝࡣ㸪ࡇࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Rp–㡯┠࡬ࢀࡽࡢ௬ㄝ࡜ࡣ␗࡞ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋࡲࡓ㸪࡝ࡢ⩌ࡢᢚไຠᯝࡀ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿ㝿ࡢ࡛ࡶ RIF ࡢࣃࢱ࣮ࣥࡣ᳨ฟࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞

ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Rp–㡯┠࡬ࡢᢚไຠᯝ࡟ẚ࡭࡚኱ࡁ࠸ࡀࡽ㸪Rp–㡯┠࡜ Nrp 㡯┠࡛ࡣண᝿ࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡇ࡜ࢆ♧၀ࡍࡿࠋ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡓࡵ㸪ࡑࢀࡽ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚௨ୗ⪃ᐹࡍࡿࠋNrp 㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡  ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࡣ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡜༢ㄒࡢឤ᝟౯ࡀ QRIF ࡟㛵୚ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋࡓሙྜ㸪Nrp 㡯┠ (ࡇࢀࡣ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࡛࠶ࡿࡇᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅ࡣࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆඃඛࡍࡿࡼ࠺࡞ㄆ▱࡜࡟ὀព) ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢຠᯝࡀぢࡽࢀࡓࠋฎ⌮ࢆᣢࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ౛࠼ࡤ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅ࡣࢿ࢞ࡍ࡞ࢃࡕ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡢ᪉ࡀᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌ࡼࡾࡶ Nrp 㡯ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᝟ሗ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࡢࡳ㸪ࡼࡾὀពࢆྥࡅࡿ࡜࠸┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡀ㧗࠿ࡗࡓࠋࡇࢀࡣ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒ࠺₯ᅾⓗ࡞ࣂ࢖࢔ࢫࢆᣢࡘ୍᪉࡛㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞᝟ࢆ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡛⏕ࡌࡿ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞ Nrp 㡯┠ሗࢆฎ⌮ࡋ࡞࠸ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࡬ࡢᢚไࡀ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⩌࡟࠾࠸࡚ῶᑡ࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣᾘኻ

(Donaldson, Lam, & Mathews, 2007)ࠋᮏ◊✲࡟࠾ࡅࡿࡍࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧၀ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࡇࢀࡣ㸪Harris et al. (2010)

Q-RIF ࡣ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅ࡀ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ༢ㄒࢆ༢࡟ฎ⌮࡟ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡜୍⮴ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡾ㸪㠀ᢚ࠺ࡘ⪅࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡃ࠸࡜࠸࠺ࡼࡾࡶ㸪ࡴࡋࢁᢚไࡋࡸࡍ࠸࡜࠸࠺ᛶ㉁ࢆᣢࡗ࡚࠸ࡿྍ⬟ᛶࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ࡼࡾ᫂☜࡞⤖ᯝࡀᚓࡽࢀࡿ࠿ࡶࡋࢀ࡞࠸ࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥ࡜༢ㄒࡢឤ᝟౯࡟ࡼࡿྛ㡯ࡲࡓ㸪኱ᓥ࣭᪂஭࣭℈ཱྀ (2010) ࡣ㸪ᢚ࠺ࡘഴྥࡢ┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡ࡢᢚไࢆ♧ࡋࡓࠋ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ᙉ࠸⪅ࡢ࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ᝟ሗ࡟ᑐࡍࡿᅇ㑊ⓗ࡞ὀពࣂ࢖ࢆ⏝࠸㸪ཧຍ⪅ෆࡢྛ㡯┠ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡜ Nrp 㡯┠ࡢ࢔ࢫࡣ㸪ࡑࡢ᝟ሗࡀ⮬ศ࡟㛵㐃ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿሙྜ࡟ࡼࡾṇ෌⏕⋡ࢆ᳨ウࡋࡓ◊✲ࡣ࠸ࡃࡘ࠿࠶ࡿࡀ㸪ྛ㡯┠ᙉࡃ♧ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪ࡢṇ෌⏕⋡࡟ᑐࡍࡿཧຍ⪅㛫ࡢせᅉࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ♧ࡋࡓಶே࡟㛵㐃ࡋࡓឤ᝟ⓗ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ྠᵝࡢ◊✲ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ (cf. Harris et al., 2010; Tsukimoto &ᐇ㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⏝࠸ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡗ࡚㸪ឤ᝟ⓗ࡞グKawaguchi, 2006)ࠋࡑࡢⅬ࡛㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡀ♧ࡋࡓ▱ぢࡣ㸪᠈࡟ᑐࡍࡿࡼࡾ㧗࠸ᢚไຠᯝࡀ⌧ࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉ

RIF ࡟ࡼࡿᢚไຠᯝ࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪂ࡓ࡟㈉⊩ࡋᚓࡿ㸪ពࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈ࢆ᳨⣴⤒⩏ࡢ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠼ࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ㦂ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡿࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡞⮬ఏⓗグ᠈࡬ࡢᢚไ ࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟ࡣၥ㢟Ⅼࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୗ㸪ᮏ◊✲ࡢຠᯝࢆ᳨ウࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾ㸪ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈグ᠈࡟ࡼࡾㄢ㢟ࢆ 2 Ⅼ㏙࡭ࡿࠋᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡉࢀࡿᢚ࠺ࡘẼศ࠿ࡽࡢᅇ᚟ࡸᢚ࠺ࡘẼศ

 1 ࡘ┠࡟㸪Ꮫ⩦ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿ༢ㄒࡢᏛ⩦ࡀ୙༑ศ࡬㝗ࡿࡇ࡜࡬ࡢண㜵࡟ᐤ୚ࡍࡿ᭷⏝࡞ᡭࡀ࠿ࡾࢆᚓ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡓࡵ࡟㸪㐺ษ࡞᳨⣴⤒㦂ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠸࡞࠿ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡔࢁ࠺ࠋ

ࡗࡓⅬ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᐇ㝿࡟㸪᳨⣴⤒㦂ᡂຌ⋡ࡀ 50㸣௨ୗࡢࡶࡢࢆ㝖እࡋࡓ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎ㸪᭷ຠศᯒᑐ㇟⪅ࡢᘬ⏝ᩥ⊩᳨⣴⤒㦂ᡂຌ⋡ࡣ 66.7㸣࡜ప࠿ࡗࡓࠋRIF ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚Anderson, M. C. (2003). Rethinking interference theory:ࡢ◊✲࡛ࡣ㏻ᖖ㸪࢝ࢸࢦࣜྡ࡜ࡑࡢ࢝ࢸࢦࣜ࡟ᒓࡍ

Executive control and the mechanisms of forgetting.

ࡿ㛵㐃ᛶࡢ㧗࠸㡯┠࡜ࡢᑐ㐃ྜࡀ⏝࠸ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡋ࠿

Journal of Memory and Language, 49 (4), 415-445.

ࡋ㸪ᮏ◊✲࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣ࢝ࢸࢦ࡛ࣜࡣ࡞ࡃ㸪࣏ࢪࢸ࢕Anderson, M. C., Bjork, R. A., & Bjork, E. L. (1994).

ࣈ㸭ࢿ࢞ࢸ࢕ࣈ࡜࠸࠺ឤ᝟࢝ࢸࢦࣜࢆ⏝࠸ࡓࡓࡵ㸪

Remembering can cause forgetting: Retrieval dynamics㡯┠࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᚑ᮶ࡢᐇ㦂่⃭ࡼࡾࡶ࠿࡞ࡾᙅࡃ㸪in long-term memory. Journal of Experimental᳨⣴⤒㦂ẁ㝵࡟࠾ࡅࡿㄒᖿᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡛ࡣ༢ㄒࢆ෌⏕Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20 (5),ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ㞴ࡋ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓࡵ࡟㸪1063-1087.

㡯┠ࢱ࢖ࣉ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᧯సⓗᐃ⩏ࡀ┦ᑐⓗ࡟⦆ࡃ࡞ࡗ

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Erbaugh, J. (1961). An inventory for measuring㦂ࡉࢀ࡚ࡇࡑ Rp+㡯┠࡜࡞ࡾ㸪ྠ᫬࡟ࡑࢀ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚

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࡞௚ࡢ RIF ◊✲࡟ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜ᙅ࠿ࡗࡓ࡜ᛮࢃࢀࡿࠋ2 ࡘ┠࡟㸪༢ㄒࡢタᐃࡀ୙༑ศ࡛࠶ࡗࡓྍ⬟ᛶ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᮏ◊✲ࡣ㸪ඛ⾜◊✲࡛౑ࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡓ஬ᓥ࣭ኴ⏣Depression and memory impairment: A meta-analysisof the association, its pattern, and specificity.
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(2001) ࢆཧ⪃࡟༢ㄒࡢ㑅ᐃࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ㸪㢌ᩥ

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Ꮠࡀ⿕ࡽ࡞࠸㸪4 ᩥᏐࡢ༢ㄒ࡜࠸࠺ไ㝈ࡢ୰ࡢ㑅ᐃ

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࡛࠶ࡾ㸪ྛ༢ㄒࡢᣢࡘឤ᝟౯ࡢᙉࡉ࡟ከᑡᖜࡀ࠶ࡗBehaviour Research and Therapy, 45 (11), 2664-2678.

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ཧຍ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ឤ᝟౯࡜ࡢ㛵㐃ࡀᙉࡃព࿡ࢆᤊ࠼ࡸ

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㐃ྜࢆ⏝࠸ࡓ᳨⣴⤒㦂ࣃࣛࢲ࢖࣒ࢆ⾜࠺ࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟memories.

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