〔AREIPGR Vol. 36: 128-147, 2020〕
doi:10.24514/00005679
Original Paper

Collaborative Exploration of Plant Genetic Resourcesin Southern Cambodia, 2019
Sathya Prabandaka SUDASINGHE 1), Leakhena MAT 2), Katsuya BANDO 3),
Komei YAMAGUCHI 3), Sophany SAKHAN 2), Makara OUK 2),
Kenichi MATSUSHIMA 4)1) Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu
University , 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
2) Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development Institute , National Road 3, Prateahlang Dangkor, P. O.
Box 01, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
3) Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University , 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
4) Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly Faculty, Shinshu University , 8304 Minamiminowa, Nagano 3994598, Japan
Communicated by R. MACHIDA-HIRANO (Genetic Resources Center, NARO)
Received Sep. 14, 2020, Accepted Dec. 1, 2020
Corresponding author: K. MATSUSHIMA (e-mail: matuken@shinshu-u.ac.jp)

Summary
Under the Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) project, National Agriculture and Food Research
Organization (NARO) and Cambodian Agricultural Research and Department Institute (CARDI) have conducted several
collaborative explorations in Cambodia since 2014. As part of the project, we surveyed and gathered plant genetic
resources in Southern Cambodia from October 1 to 10, 2019. In the survey, we explored the genetic resources in 14
districts of Southern Cambodia in Svay Rieng, Pery Veng, Kandal, Phnom Penh, Kampong Speu, Preah Sihanouk,
Koh Kong, Kampot, and Takeo provinces and collected 85 accessions from farmers’ storages, back yards, or fields.
The accessions corresponded to Solanaceae (34), Cucurbitaceae (35), Fabaceae (8), and Amaranthaceae (8). Among 34
Solanaceae accessions, 29 were from C. frutescens . As the present study was conducted in a flood-prone area, vegetable
cultivation during the rainy season was low, and flood-tolerant luffa and hyacinth bean were considered importantvegetables for cultivation. The collected seeds were divided equally, and half the seeds were conserved at CARDI in
Cambodia. The other half was transferred to the Genetic Resources Center, NARO, Japan, under the standard materialtransfer agreement.
KEY WORDS: Cambodia, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, Amaranthaceae

Introduction
Plant genetic resources are important for
improving traits such as pest and disease resistance,
poor environmental condition tolerance, and high yield.

The Plant Genetic Resource Asia (PGR Asia) project
was conducted by the National Agriculture and Food
Research Organization (NARO) in collaboration with
the Cambodian Agricultural Research and Development- 128 -

Cambodia.

Institute (CARDI) since 2014.
Previous explorations had been carried out by
Tanaka et al. (2016), Sreynech et al . (2016), andMatsushima et al. (2018) to explore Eastern Cambodia
while Matsunaga et al . (2015) and Takahashi et al.
(2015) explored Western and Northwest Cambodia. The
northern region of Cambodia was explored by Sugita
et al. (2017), Tanaka et al . (2017), and Kondo et al.
(2019). However, Southern Cambodia was explored only
by Matsunaga et al. (2018), and the collected samples
were relatively less than the other three regions. Under
the PGR Asia project, Shinshu University has already
explored North, East, and West Cambodia, except in theSouthern region. Therefore, it is necessary to explore andcollect more genetic resources in Southern Cambodia.
The objective of this survey was to explore and collectplant genetic resources, mainly Solanaceous (especially
Capsicum spp.) and Cucurbitaceous families, in Southerndoi:

Methods
A field survey was conducted from October 1
to 10, 2019 in Southern Cambodia, including Svay
Rieng, Pery Veng, Kondal, Phnom Penh, Kampong
Speu, Preah Sihanouk, Koh Kong, Kampot, and Takeo
provinces (Table 1, Fig. 1). We visited farmers’ houses
using two vehicles. We could not reach some of theplaces by car because of narrow and flooded roads. At
that time, we reached those farmers’ places on foot.
During the interviews, we clarified that most of the
farmers cultivated imported and improved varieties.
Therefore, we were careful to collect only local
varieties of seeds produced by farmers themselves. In
this survey, we mainly focused on chili pepper under
the Solanaceae family, and other vegetables belonging
to the Cucurbitaceae family. The accession’s local

Table1.1.Itinerary
Itineraryplan
planfollowed
followedduring
duringthe
the 2019
2019 exploration
exploration inin Southern
Southern Cambodia
Cambodia
Table
Date
30-Sep
1-Oct
2-Oct
3-Oct
4-Oct
5-Oct
6-Oct
7-Oct
8-Oct
9-Oct
10-Oct

Day
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu
Fri
Sat
Sun
Mon
Tue
Wed
Thu

Itinerary
Narita -- Phnom Penh
Visit CARDI and central market
Phnom Penh -- Svay Rieng
Svay Rieng -- Prey Veng
Prey Veng -- Kandal -- Phnom Penh -- Kampong Speu
Kampong Speu -- Koh Kong -- Preah Sihanouk -- Koh Kong
Koh Kong--Kampot
Kampot -- Takeo
Takeo -- Phnom Penh
Visit CARDI and arrange the collected seed
Phnom Penh -- Narita

Stay
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh
Svay Rieng
Prey Veng
Kampong Speu
Koh Kong
KampotTakeo
Phnom Penh
Phnom Penh

Lao

ThailandKampong Speu
Phnom Penh

KandalPrey Veng

Koh Kong

VietnamPreah Sihanouk
KampotTakeo

Svay Rieng

Fig. 1. Route map of exploration and collection sites of Southern Cambodia in 2019.

Fig. 1. Route map of exploration and collection sites of Southern Cambodia in 2019.
- 129 -

name, utilization, location name, and characteristics ofcollection site were recorded using farmer informationand field observations during sample collection (Photo1). Images of the samples were taken at the point ofcollection (Photo 2). Longitudinal sampling locations,latitudes, and altitudes were recorded (Photo 3) using theGarmin eTrex20J GPS technology (Garmin International
Inc., Olathe, KS, USA). The collected seeds weredivided equally, and half were conserved CARDI in
Cambodia. The other half was transferred to the Genetic
Resources Center, NARO, Japan, using the standard
material transfer agreement.
Results and Discussion
In this exploration, we collected 85 accessions fromfour families: Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Fabaceae, andAmaranthaceae. Collected seed samples included 29
chili peppers (only C. frutescens ), 5 Solanum spp., 35
Cucurbitaceae, 8 Fabaceae, and 8 Amaranthaceae (Table2). Fruits samples were mainly collected from farmers’
home gardens and seed samples collected from farmers’
seed storage. Usually, farmers stored their seeds in wood
containers or bags and used the cables (Photo 4 and No.
60). Finally, the collected seeds of samples were equallyshared between the Genetic Resources Center, NARO,
Japan, and CARDI.
Exploration records
1) Svay Rieng province (October 2)
We moved to the Savy Rieng province from Phnom
Penh city by car then we visited Veal village in Svay
Teap district and collected four plant accessions. The
accessions were two chili peppers (C. frutescens ) (No. 1
and No. 3), one luffa seed (No. 2) from dry fruit, and one
amaranth seed (No. 4) from inflorescence of the plantin the backyard. The first chili pepper accession (No. 1)
was collected from a farmer’s field and did not have any
virus infection. However, the second chili pepper (No.
3), which was collected from the backyard of a housein Svay Teap village, had a virus infection in the wholeplant (Photo 5).
2) Prey Veng (October 3)
The explorer team left the Svay Rieng and traveledto the Prey Veng province (Photo 6) on the same road.
We visited Peam Chor district, Mean Chey village andPrey Veng city, in the Shkor Dach and Knoy areas,
respectively. We collected a total of 21 seed and fruit
samples (No. 5 ̵ No. 25) in Prey Veng province. We
mainly explored the accession in forestry areas, homegardens, backyards, and farmers’ fields.

Photo 1. Collection of fruit samples in Prey Veng area

Photo 3. Determining GPS coordinates

Photo 4. Farmer’s seed storage

Photo 2. Obtaining fruit sample photos- 130 -

Photo 6. Rural area scenery in Prey Veng province

Photo 5. Chili pepper plant severely infected with avirus3) Kandal (October 4)
We reached the Kandal province in Takhmau
district and explored Prek Loung village but found only
one accession of Luffa cylindrica (No. 26).
4) Phnom Penh (October 4)
We left Kandal and moved to Kampong Speu
district. While traveling to the Kampong Speu, we had topass Phnom Penh again. Near Phnom Penh, Pou Senchey
district, on the roadside of the Prey Ta Khea village, we
found an ivy gourd (No. 27).

5) Kampong Speu (October 4 and 5)
It was raining heavily on the way from Phnom Penhto Kampong Speu. We explored Chba Moun district,
Som Pov village and Tang Kroch district, Choum Pheyvillage in Kampong Speu province. We visited themarket in Chba Moun district, Pea Nichakam village andcollected six fruit samples of chili pepper (No. 29, 30,
32, 33, 34, and 37), two samples of squash (No. 35 and36), one sample of angled luffa (No. 28), and one sponge
gourd (No. 31).
6) Preah Sihanouk (October 5)
We moved to the Preah Sihanouk province,
Kampong Seila district, and explored Veal and Thmey

Table 2. Total collected accessions in Southern Cambodia in 2019

Table 2. Total collected accessions in Southern Cambodia in 2019

FamilySolanacea

genus

species

Capsicum
Solanum

frutescens
melongena
torvumtrilobatum

34
29
3
1
1

Luffa

cylindrica
acutangulamoschata
hispidamelo
sativussiceraria
charantia
grandis

35
10
3
9
4
3
2
2
1
1

purpureus
unguiculate
radiata

8
4
3
1

Cucurbitaceae

Cucurbita
Benincasa
CucumisLagenaria
Momordica
Coccinia
Fabaceae
LablabVigna

Amaranthaceae
Amaranthus

spp.

Total

- 131 -

8885

Collected plant genetic resources
1) Solanaceae accessions
In the present survey, 34 Solanaceae accessions
were collected from Southern Cambodia. Among thecollected samples, 29 were chili pepper and 5 were fromgenus Solanum .

and Votava 1999). However, only C. annuum and C.
frutescens are observed in Cambodia, according toprevious studies (Matsunaga et al . 2015, 2018; Tanaka
et al. 2016; Sugita et al . 2017; Kondo et al. 2019). In
fact, C. annuum was also grown in Southern Cambodia;
however, in our survey, most farmers revealed thatin Southern region, they use imported and improved
chili pepper varieties from Vietnam. Particularly, in thecase of C. annuum , all varieties grown in the Southern
region we found were improved varieties. Therefore,
we did not collect C. annuum accessions. In Southern
Cambodia, C. frutescens has two types of local names:“Mate Ach Sath” and “Mate Sor.” “Mate” means chili
pepper, while “Ach Sath” and “Sor” means “Bird’s
dropping” and “White,” respectively. The immature fruitof “Mates Sor” were white. Accessions No. 77 and No.
78 were grown in farmers backyards and home gardens,
respectively; however, the farmers told us that theseeds were not sown by them but were carried by birds
and dropped there. Seed dispersal by birds is probably
the origin of the name of the variety. According to the2018 exploration in Northern Cambodia (Kondo et al.
2019), most of the dominant type of C. frutescens was
suggested as “Mate Ach Sath.” In the present study,out of 29 C. frutescens accessions, 19 were “Mate Ach
Sath.” This finding was identical to the result of theprevious exploration in 2018.
Most of the chili accessions found in Southern
Cambodia had viral infections. Accession No. 45, 46, and47 were more severely infected with the virus than otheraccessions. However, some chili accessions were free ofviral diseases, such as No. 14. Such accessions might be
expected as good genetic resources for developing new
resistant varieties.
According to our observations at the collection
site, the mature fruit of accession No. 56 was separated
from the calyx and pedicel very easily. The trait of easy
separation of the pepper fruit from the calyx is for seeddispersal, but it is not desirable for the developmentof commercial varieties because the trait is associatedwith extreme fruit softening and juiciness. However,
not all accessions of C. frutescens mature fruits were
extremely soft and easily separated from the calyx. Some
accessions’ fruits required a little force to be separated
from the calyx and were not too soft.

Chili pepper
In the present study, all 29 accessions we collected
were Capsicum frutescens . Globally, five species ofchili pepper are domesticated: C. annuum , C. frutescens ,C. chinense , C. baccatam , and C. pubescens (Bosland

Eggplant
We collected five accessions of the genus Solanum ,including three accessions of S. melongena , one of S.
torvum , and one of S. trilobatum . S. torvum had a lightgreen color pericarp and clustered small fruits. In Japan,

villages. In these villages, we collected three chili
peppers (No. 38, 40, and 41), one sponge gourd (No.
39), and one bottle gourd (No. 42) accessions from thebackyards of farmers’ houses. Then, we moved to Koh
Kong province.
7) Koh Kong (October 6)
We visited Koik Chrom village in Thmor Bang
district and collected four chili pepper fruit samples (No.
43, 45, 46 and 47) and one turkey berry fruit sample (No.
44) from the durian and mangosteen fields.
8) Kampot (October 7)
We collected 10 accessions, including three chili
peppers (No. 50, 51, and 56); two hyacinth beans (No.
49 and 55); and one amaranth (No. 48), squash (No. 52),
melon (No. 53), sponge gourd (No. 54), and bottle gourd(No. 57) seed and fruit samples in Kampot province.
The villages of Chrous Tasoum, Dom Nak Chombo,
and Phnom Threal, in Kompong Trach, Sorn Rong Ler,and Angkor Chey districts, respectively, were explored
before we moved to the Takeo province.
9) Takeo (October 7 and 8)
In Takeo province, we collected samples in Prey
Kabas district, Bak Kout, Khach Trouk, and Ang Koki
villages. We collected the many accessions on October
8, until afternoon. We were able to collect 16 samples on
the last day in the Prey Kabas district, Choum Phoprik
village. We collected a total of 28 accessions in Takeo
province, including five chili peppers (No. 58, 63, 69,
77 and 78), four squashes (No. 62, 67, 72 and 85), threesponge gourds (No. 61, 75 and 80), two amaranths (No.
64 and 79), two hyacinth beans (No. 60 and 68), two
cucumbers (No. 66 and 84), two wax gourds (No. 70 and73), two melons (No. 71 and 83), two cowpeas (No. 81
and 82), two eggplants (No. 59 and 74), one angled luffa(No. 65), and one bitter gourd (No. 76).

- 132 -

S. torvum is not eaten, but instead used as rootstockfor eggplant grafting. Cambodian people eat immature
fruits of S. torvum as vegetables (No. 44). We also hada chance to taste S. torvum soup with fresh vegetables
in Phnom Penh (Photo 7). In our study, we did not findfresh mature fruits but only immature fruits; however,
we collected dried mature fruits as accession No. 44. We
also collected the accession (No. 74) of S. trilobatum
for the PGR Asia Project in Cambodia. The surface
of immature fruits of S. trilobatum showed a mottled
green pattern, which became a mottled red pattern after
maturing (No. 74). The stem of the grown S. trilobatum
accession was a vine and had sharp prickles. Flowers
were purple in color with a projecting stamen. According
to interviews with farmers, they eat only the leaves ofthis vine and not its fruits.
2) Cucurbitaceous accessions
We collected 35 accessions of cucurbitaceous
accessions, including 10 sponge gourds (Luffa
cylindrica ), 3 angled luffas (L. acutangula ), 9 squashes/
pumpkins (Cucurbita moschata ), 4 wax gourds(Benincasa hispida ), 3 melons (Cucumis melo ), 2
cucumbers (C. sativu s), 2 bottle gourds (Lagenaria
siceraria ), 1 bitter gourd (Momordica charantia ), and1 ivy gourd (Coccinia grandis ). All accessions’ fruits
were used as vegetables, except for bottle gourd and ivy
gourd. Ivy gourd inhabited the roadside or backyard of
farmers’ houses as a weed, and, in some cases, the young
leaves and tendrils are eaten as vegetables. We collected
2 species from the genus Luffa (sponge gourd andangled luffa), however, people who live in the collection
area were not able to differentiate the two and their local
name was the same (“No Nong”). Two species of Luffa
were cultivated with trellis training, and almost all of
the farmers stocked their seeds or dried fruits for the
next season. The exploration site is a flood-prone area
during the rainy season. Therefore, farmers told us that

Photo 7. Vegetables usage in Cambodian local cuisine(Solanum torvum is also included in the dipping sauce
in the right)

they did not grow many vegetables in the rainy season.
However, in most of the home gardens and backyards,
we could observe one of two species of luffa sponge
gourds because they told us that sponge gourds are able
to survive in flood conditions. They stated that theseluffa plants resisted not only floods but also droughts.
Therefore, sponge gourd accessions might be useful forthe breeding of drought and flood resistant varieties in
Cucurbitaceae vegetables, if research will be improved.
3) Fabaceous accessions
The accessions of Fabaceae included four hyacinthbeans (Lablab purpureus ), three cowpeas (Vigna
unguiculate ), and one mungbean (Vigna radiata ). Many
farmers grew hyacinth beans because they stated it can
thrive in the rainy season. Because of the limited crops
available in flood-prone areas, only luffa and hyacinthbeans were cultivated predominantly during the rainyseason.
4) Amaranthaceous accessions
We collected eight species of Amaranthus
accessions. All accessions were of the weedy type, which
has black seeds, mainly A. blitum , and they are usedas leafy vegetables. In the forestry area of Mean Chey
village in Prey Veng province, we found an amaranthaccession (No. 7) with thorns, identified as A. spinosus .
Because amaranth is highly weedy, it grows in backyards
and gardens even if farmers do not grow it, but in somecases, such as flood-prone areas, their seeds have been
self-produced and preserved. The farmers stated thatamaranth is a fast-growing plant and can be cultivatedtoward the end of the rainy season.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by a grant (PGRAsia
Project) from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries of the Government of Japan. The authors thankDr. Ouk Makara, Director of CARDI, for his support
in the present field survey. The authors also thank Mr.
Hironobu Tachikawa of the Musashino Seed Corporation
for his advice.
References
Bosland PW and Votava EJ (1999) Peppers: vegetable
and spice capsicum. CABI, Wallingford, pp. 14-22.
Kondo F, Layheng S, Tokuda M, Rathnayaka RMSMB,
Sophany S and Matsushima K (2019) Collaborative
exploration of plant genetic resources in northern
Cambodia, 2018. AREIPGR 35: 162-184.

[View this article]- 133 -

Matsunaga H, Matsushima K, Tanaka K, Theavy S, Lay
Heng S, Channa T, Takahashi Y and Tomooka N(2015) Collaborative exploration of the Solanaceae
and Cucurbitaceae vegetable genetic resources in
Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 169-187.

[View this article]
Matsunaga H, Yokota M, Leakhena M and Sophany
S (2018) Collaborative exploration of Solanaceae
vegetable genetic resources in southern Cambodia,
2017. AREIPGR 34: 102-117.

[View this article]
Matsushima K, Layheng S, Hatakeyama K, Kurumada S
and Sophany S (2018) Collaborative exploration ofplant genetic resources in eastern Cambodia, 2017.
AREIPGR 34: 118-136.

[View this article]
Sugita T, Matsunaga H, Theavy S and Sophany S (2017)
Collaborative exploration of Capsicum genetic
resources in northern Cambodia, 2016. AREIPGR
33: 207-221.

Takahashi Y, Lay Heng S, Channa T, Makara O andTomooka N (2015) Exploration of leguminous
crops and their wild relatives in western regions of
Cambodia, 2014. AREIPGR 31: 121-149.

[View this article]
Tanaka K, Duong T-T, Yamashita H, Lay Heng S,
Sophany S and Kato K (2016) Collection of Cucurbit
crops (Cucurbitaceae) from eastern Cambodia, 2015.
AREIPGR 32: 109-137.

[View this article]
Tanaka K, Shigeta G, Sophea Y, Thun V, Sophany
S and Kato K (2017) Collection of melon andother Cucurbitaceous crops in Cambodia in 2016.
AREIPGR 33: 175-205.

[View this article]
Tanaka Y, Matsunaga H, Theavy S, Lay Heng S
and Sophany S (2016) Collaborative survey of
Solanaceous genetic resources in eastern Cambodia,
2015. AREIPGR 32: 139-157.

[View this article]
Sreynech O, Sophany S, Nonaka E and Okuizumi H(2016) Collaborative exploration and collectionof plant genetic resources in Cambodia November
2015. AREIPGR 32: 89-107.

[View this article]- 134 -

[View this article]

南カンボジアにおける植物遺伝資源の共同探索，2019 年
Sathya Prabandaka SUDASINGHE 1)・Leakhena MAT 2)・板東 克哉 3)・
山口 紘明 ・Sophany SAKHAN ・Makara OUK ・松島 憲一
4)

2)

2)

4)

1) 信州大学 大学院総合医理工学研究科総合理工学専攻
2) カンボジア農業開発研究所
3) 信州大学 農学部
4) 信州大学 学術研究院農学系
和文摘要
Plant Genetic Resources in Asia (PGRAsia) プロジェクトの下，研究開発法人 農業・食品産業技術総合研究
機構（NARO）とカンボジア農業開発研究所（CARDI）は，2014 年からミャンマーにおける植物遺伝資源探索を共同実施している．その一環として，2019 年 10 月 1 日から 10 日までカンボジア南部の植物遺伝資源の探索・収集を実施した．探索は，Svay Rieng，Pery Veng，Kondal，Phnom Penh，Kompong Speu，Preah
Sihanouk，Koh Kong，Kompot，Takeo 県を含むカンボジア南部の 14 地区で実施し，農家で保存している種子の他，庭または畑の植物から合計 85 系統を収集した．これらにはナス科が 34 系統，ウリ科が 35 系統，マメ科が 8 系統そしてヒユ科が 8 系統含まれ，そのうち，ナス科ではトウガラシが 29 系統収集されたが，いずれも C. frutescens に属するものであった．今回の探索地域は洪水多発地域であったため，雨季は通常の野菜栽
培が少なく，
洪水時でも栽培可能なヘチマ類やフジマメが重要な野菜とされていた．収集した遺伝資源種子は，
SMTA によりカンボジアの CARDI と日本の農研機構遺伝資源センターのジーンバンクに均等に分配された．

- 135 -

Table 3. List of plant accessions collected in Cambodia during 2019 exploration- 136 -

JP No. IndividualNo.
2714831271484227148532714864271487527148862714897271490827149192714921027149311271494122714951327149614271497152714981627149917271500182715011927150220271503212715042227150523271506242715072527150826271509272715102827151129271512302715133127151432271515332715163427151735271518362715193727152038

Date Species nameLocal name

Province

District

2-Oct Capsicum frutescens
2-Oct Luffa acutangula
2-Oct Capsicum frutescens
2-Oct Amaranthus sp.
3-Oct Capsicum frutescens
3-Oct Capsicum frutescens
3-Oct Amaranthus sp.
3-Oct Luffa cylindrica
3-Oct Vigna ungulculata
3-Oct Amaranthus sp.
3-Oct Benincasa hispida
3-Oct Cucurbita moschata
3-Oct Amaranthus sp.
3-Oct Capsicum frutescens
3-Oct Cucurbita moschata
3-Oct Vigna radiata
3-Oct Benincasa hispida
3-Oct Solanum melongena
3-Oct Luffa cylindrica
3-Oct Capsicum frutescens
3-Oct Capsicum frutescens
3-Oct Capsicum frutescens
3-Oct Solanum melongena
3-Oct Amaranthus sp.
3-Oct Luffa cylindrica
4-Oct Luffa cylindrica
4-Oct Coccinia grandis
4-Oct Luffa acutangula
4-Oct Capsicum frutescens
4-Oct Capsicum frutescens
4-Oct Luffa cylindrica
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens
5-Oct Cucurbita moschata
5-Oct Cucurbita moschata
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens

Mates Arch Sath Svay Rieng
Svay Teap
No Nong
Svay Rieng
Svay Teap
Mates Arch Sath Svay Rieng
Svay Teap
Pty Dong
Svay Rieng
Svay Teap
Mates Arch Sath Prey Veng
Peam Chor
Mates Arch Sath Prey Veng
Peam Chor
Pty Dong
Prey Veng
Peam Chor
No Nong
Prey Veng
Peam Chor
Son Deak Kour Prey Veng
Peam Chor
Pty Dong
Prey Veng
Peam Chor
Tro LachPrey Veng
Peam Chor
Lapov
Prey Veng
Peam Chor
Pty Dong
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Mates Arch Sath Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Lapov
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Son Deak Bay Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Tro LachPrey Veng
Prey Veng city
Trob Srouy
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
No Nong
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Mates Sor
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Mates Arch Sath Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Mates Sor
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Trob Srouy
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
Pty Dong
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
No Nong
Prey Veng
Prey Veng city
No Nong
KandalTakmoaShlik Bas
Phnom Penh
Pou Senchey
No Nong
Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Mates Arch Sath Kampong Speu Tang Kroch
Mates Sor
Kampong Speu Tang Kroch
No Nong
Kampong Speu Tang Kroch
Mates Arch Sath Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Matas Sor
Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Mates Arch Sath Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Lapov Klong
Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Lapuv Roy
Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Mates Sor
Kampong Speu Chba Moun
Mates Sor
Preah Sihanouk Kompong Seila

CommuneVillage

Chrokmaras
Chrokmaras
Chrokmaras
Chrokmaras
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Kosh Chek
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Ta Ko
Roka Khpos
Bing Thuom
Chba Moun
Tang Kroch
Tang Kroch
Tang Kroch
Roka Yhwn
Roka Yhwn
Roka Yhwn
Roka Yhwn
Roka Yhwn
Roka Yhwn
Kompong Seila

Veal
Veal
Veal
Veal
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Mean Chey
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Shkor Dach
Knoy
Knoy
Knoy
Knoy
Prek Loung
Prey Ta Khea
Som Pov
Choum Phey
Choum Phey
Choum Phey
Pea Nichakam
Pea Nichakam
Pea Nichakam
Pea Nichakam
Pea Nichakam
Pea Nichakam
Veal

LatitudeLongitude

Altitude Source(m)
N11°03'37.2" E106°00'13.0"
7
Field
N11°03'37.2" E106°00'13.0"
7
Field
N11°04'06.5" E106°00'15.9"
5Backyard
N11°04'06.5" E106°00'15.9"
5Backyard
N11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
11
ForestN11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
11
ForestN11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
11
ForestN11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
11House
N11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
11House
N11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
18
Backyard
N11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"18House
N11°04'23.1" E105°13'50.8"
18House
N11°30'31.2" E105°20'50.0"*
Backyard
N11°30'31.2" E105°20'50.0"*
Backyard
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7House
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7House
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7House
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7House
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7House
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7
Backyard
N11°30'50.4" E105°21'02.5"
7
Backyard
N11°31'24.5" E105°21'40.0"
9Backyard
N11°31'24.5" E105°21'40.0"
9
Field
N11°31'24.5" E105°21'40.0"
9Backyard
N11°31'24.5" E105°21'40.0"
9House
N11°23'12.5" E105°00'02.1"
13House
N11°28'47.8" E104°44'58.1"
34
Roadside
N11°28'22.7" E104°28'14.7"
43House
N11°28'28.3" E104°26'45.1"
47
Backyard
N11°28'30.3" E104°26'40.7"
47
Backyard
N11°28'31.1" E104°26'41.2"
44
Field
N11°27'40.3" E104°31'16.2"
39
MarketN11°27'40.3" E104°31'16.2"
39
MarketN11°27'40.3" E104°31'16.2"
39
MarketN11°27'40.3" E104°31'16.2"
39
MarketN11°27'40.3" E104°31'16.2"
39
MarketN11°27'42.2" E104°31'16.3"
38
MarketN11°05'09.5" E103°54'12.3"
16
Backyard

Table 3. (Continued).

- 137 -

JP No. IndividualNo.
271521392715224027152341271524422715254327152644271527452715284627152947271530482715314927153250271533512715345227153553271536542715375527153856271539572715405827154159271542602715436127154462271545632715466427154765271548662715496727155068271551
6927155270271553712715547227155573271556742715577527155876

Date Species nameLocal name

Province

District

5-Oct Luffa cylindrica
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens
5-Oct Capsicum frutescens
5-Oct Lagenaria siceraria
6-Oct Capsicum frutescens
6-Oct Solanum torvum
6-Oct Capsicum frutescens
6-Oct Capsicum frutescens
6-Oct Capsicum frutescens
7-Oct Amaranthus sp.
7-Oct Lablab purpureus
7-Oct Capsicum frutescens
7-Oct Capsicum frutescens
7-Oct Cucurbita moschata
7-Oct Cucumis melo
7-Oct Luffa cylindrica
7-Oct Lablab purpureus
7-Oct Capsicum frutescens
7-Oct Lagenaria siceraria
7-Oct Capsicum frutescens
7-Oct Solanum melongena
7-Oct Lablab purpureus
7-Oct Luffa cylindrica
7-Oct Cucurbita moschata
7-Oct Capsicum frutescens
7-Oct Amaranthus sp.
7-Oct Luffa acutangula
7-Oct Cucumis sativus
7-Oct Cucurbita moschata
7-Oct Lablab purpureus
7-Oct Capsicum frutescens
8-Oct Benincasa hispida
8-Oct Cucumis melo
8-Oct Cucurbita moschata
8-Oct Benincasa hispida
8-Oct Solanum trilobatum
8-Oct Luffa cylindrica
8-Oct Momordica charantia

No NongPreah Sihanouk Kompong Seila
Mates Sor
Preah Sihanouk Kompong Seila
Mates Arch Sath Preah Sihanouk Kompong Seila
Khlok
Preah Sihanouk Kompong Seila
Mates Arch Sath Koh Kong
Thmor Bang
Trob Jour
Koh Kong
Thmor Bang
Mates Arch Sath Koh Kong
Thmor Bang
Mates Arch Sath Koh Kong
Thmor Bang
Mates Arch Sath Koh Kong
Thmor Bang
Pty Dong
KampotKompong Trach
Po Peay Khda
KampotKompong Trach
Mates Arch Sath Kampot
Kompong Trach
Mates Sor
KampotKompong Trach
Lapov
KampotSorn Rong Ler
Tro Sork Srov
KampotSorn Rong Ler
No Nong
KampotAngkor Chey
Po Peay Khda
KampotAngkor Chey
Mates Arch Sath Kampot
Angkor Chey
Khlok
KampotAngkor Chey
Mates Arch Sath Takeo
Tram Kak
Trob Srouy
Takeo
Tram Kak
Po Peay Khda
Takeo
Tram Kak
No Nong
Takeo
Tram Kak
Lapov
Takeo
Tram Kak
Mates Arch Sath Takeo
Tram Kak
Pty Dong
Takeo
Tram Kak
No Nong
Takeo
Tram Kak
Tro Sork
Takeo
Tram Kak
Lapuv Roy
Takeo
Tram Kak
Po Peay chhlog Takeo
Tram Kak
Mates Sor
Takeo
Tram Kak
Tro Lach
Takeo
Prey Kabas
Tro Sork Srov
Takeo
Prey Kabas
Lapov Klong
Takeo
Prey Kabas
Tro lach
Takeo
Prey Kabas
Trob jour
Takeo
Prey Kabas
No Nong
Takeo
Prey Kabas
Mar rah
Takeo
Prey Kabas

CommuneKompong Seila
Kompong Seila
Kompong Seila
Kompong Seila
Russie Chrom
Russie Chrom
Russie Chrom
Russie Chrom
Russie Chrom
Prasat Phnom Khcorg
Prasat Phnom Khcorg
Prasat Phnom Khcorg
Prasat Phnom Khcorg
Bonteay Meas
Bonteay Meas
Phnom Kong
Phnom Kong
Phnom Kong
Phnom Kong
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Leay Bou
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa

Village

LatitudeLongitude

Altitude Source
(m)
Thmey
N11°04'32.0" E103°54'26.2"
14
Backyard
Thmey
N11°04'32.1" E103°54'26.3"
14
Backyard
Thmey
N11°04'32.2" E103°54'26.4"
14
Backyard
Thmey
N11°04'32.3" E103°54'26.5"
14House
Koki Chrom
N11°38'50.3" E103°23'52.8" 346 Field
Koki Chrom
N11°39'11.4" E103°24'14.5" 346 Field
Koki Chrom
N11°39'11.4" E103°24'14.5" 356 Field
Koki Chrom
N11°39'11.4" E103°24'14.5" 356 Field
Koki Chrom
N11°39'11.4" E103°24'14.5" 356 Field
Chrous Tasoum
N10°36'19.1" E104°31'36.2"
8
Backyard
Chrous Tasoum
N10°36'19.1" E104°31'36.2"
8
Backyard
Chrous Tasoum
N10°36'19.1" E104°31'36.2"
8
Backyard
Chrous Tasoum
N10°36'19.1" E104°31'36.2"
8
Backyard
Dom Nak Chombok N10°43'54.4" E104°35'36.7"
16
MarketDom Nak Chombok N10°44'27.4" E104°35'56.9"
20
MarketPhnom Threal
N10°46'11.8" E104°39'15.6"
22
Backyard
Phnom Threal
N10°46'11.8" E104°39'15.6"
22
Backyard
Phnom Threal
N10°46'11.8" E104°39'15.6"
22
Backyard
Phnom Threal
N10°46'14.0" E104°39'10.0"
20
House
Bak Kout
N10°59'32.6" E104°42'04.4"
11
Backyard
Bak Kout
N10°59'32.6" E104°42'04.4"
11
Backyard
Bak Kout
N10°59'32.6" E104°42'04.4"
11
House
Bak Kout
N10°59'32.6" E104°42'04.4"
11
House
Bak Kout
N10°59'32.6" E104°42'04.4"
11
House
Khach Trouk
N10°59'32.8" E104°42'43.4"
10
Backyard
Khach Trouk
N10°59'32.8" E104°42'43.4"
10
Backyard
Ang KokiN10°59'22.8" E104°43'18.5"
8House
Ang KokiN10°59'22.8" E104°43'18.5"
8House
Ang KokiN10°59'22.8" E104°43'18.5"
8House
Ang KokiN10°59'22.8" E104°43'18.5"
8House
Ang KokiN10°59'22.8" E104°43'18.5"
8Backyard
Choum Phoprik
N11°09'18.0" E104°54'21.0"
10
Backyard
Choum Phoprik
N11°07'41.0" E104°54'19.0"
10House
Choum Phoprik
N11°07'41.0" E104°54'19.0"
10House
Choum Phoprik
N11°07'41.0" E104°54'19.0"
10House
Choum Phoprik
N11°07'43.0" E104°54'19.0"
10
Backyard
Choum Phoprik
N11°07'45.0" E104°54'18.0"
10
Backyard
Choum Phoprik
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10
Field

Table 3. (Continued).
JP No. IndividualNo.
271559772715607827156179271562802715638127156482271565832715668427156785

Date Species nameLocal name

Province

8-Oct Capsicum frutescens
8-Oct Capsicum frutescens
8-Oct Amaranthus sp.
8-Oct Luffa cylindrica
8-Oct Vigna unguiculata
8-Oct Vigna unguiculata
8-Oct Cucumis melo
8-Oct Cucumis sativus
8-Oct Cucurbita moschata

Mates Sor
Takeo
Mates Arch Sath Takeo
Pty Dong
Takeo
No Nong
Takeo
Son Deak Vag
Takeo
Son Deak Seag Takeo
Tro Sork Srov
Takeo
Tro Sork
Takeo
Lapov Klong
Takeo

District

CommuneVillage

Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas
Prey Kabas

Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa
Choum Pa

Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik
Choum Phoprik

LatitudeLongitude

Altitude Source(m)
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10
Backyard
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10
Backyard
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10
Backyard
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10House
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10House
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10House
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10House
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10House
N11°07'44.0" E104°54'15.0"
10
House

- 138 -

Photo of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 1.
No. 1. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 4.
No. 4. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 2.
No. 2. Luffa acutangula

Sample Photo 3.
No. 3. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 5.
No. 5. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 6.
No. 6. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 7.
No. 7. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 8.
No. 8. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 10.
No. 10. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 11.
No. 11. Benincasa hispida- 139 -

Sample Photo 9.
No. 9. Vigna unguiculata

Sample Photo 12.
No. 12. Cucurbita moschataPhoto of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 13.
No. 13. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 14.
No. 14. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 15.
No. 15. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 16.
No. 16. Vigna radiata

Sample Photo 17.
No. 17. Benincasa hispida

Sample Photo 18.
No. 18. Solanum melongena

Sample Photo 19.
No. 19. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 20.
No. 20. Capsicum frutescens- 140 -

Sample Photo 21.
No. 21. Capsicum frutescensPhoto of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 22.
No. 22. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 23.
No. 23. Solanum melongena

Sample Photo 24.
No. 24. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 25.
No. 25. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 26.
No. 27. Coccinia grandis

Sample Photo 27.
No. 28. Luffa acutangula

Sample Photo 28.
No. 29. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 29.
No. 30. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 30.
No. 31. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 31.
No. 32. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 32.
No. 33. Capsicum frutescens- 141 -

Sample Photo 33.
No. 34. Capsicum frutescensPhoto of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 34.
Sold fruit of No. 35 Cucurbita
moschata, at the market.

Sample Photo 35.
No. 35. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 36.
No. 36. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 37.
No. 37. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 38.
No. 38. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 39.
Immature fruit of No. 39 Luffa
cylindrica on the plant.

Sample Photo 41.
No. 40. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 42.
No. 41. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 40.
Dried mature fruit of No. 39.
Luffa cylindric a for seeds.

- 142 -

Photo of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 43.
No. 42. Lagenaria siceraria

Sample Photo 44.
No. 43. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 45.
No. 44. Solanum torvum

Sample Photo 46.
No. 45. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 47.
No. 46. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 48.
No. 47. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 49.
No. 48. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 50.
No. 49. Lablab purpureus

Sample Photo 51.
No. 50. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 52.
No. 51. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 53.
No. 52. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 54.
No. 53. Cucumis melo

- 143 -

Photo of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 55.
No. 54. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 57.
No. 56. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 56.
No. 55. Lablab purpureus

Sample Photo 58.
No. 57. Lagenaria siceraria

Sample Photo 59.
No. 58. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 60.
No. 59. Solanum melongena

Sample Photo 61.
No. 60. Lablab purpureus

Sample Photo 62.
No. 61. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 63.
No. 62. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 64.
No. 63. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 65.
No. 64. Amaranthus sp.

- 144 -

Photo of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 66.
No. 65. Luffa acutangula

Sample Photo 68.
No. 67. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 71.
No. 70. Benincasa hispida

Sample Photo 74.
No. 73. Benincasa hispida

Sample Photo 67.
No. 66. Cucumis sativus

Sample Photo 69.
No. 68. Lablab purpureus

Sample Photo 72.
No. 71. Cucumis melo

Sample Photo 75.
No. 74. Solanum trilobatum- 145 -

Sample Photo 70.
No. 69. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 73.
No. 72. Cucurbita moschata

Sample Photo 76.
Flower of No. 74. Solanum trilobatum

Photo of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 77.
Leaves of No. 74. Solanum trilobatum

Sample Photo 80.
No. 76. Momordica charantia

Sample Photo 83.
No. 79. Amaranthus sp.

Sample Photo 78.
Flower of No. 75. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 81.
No. 77. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 84.
No. 80. Luffa cylindrica- 146 -

Sample Photo 79.
Mature fruit of No. 75. Luffa cylindrica

Sample Photo 82.
No. 78. Capsicum frutescens

Sample Photo 85.
No. 81. Vigna unguiculata

Photo of the collected genetic resources and samples

Sample Photo 86.
No. 82. Vigna unguiculata

Sample Photo 87.
No. 83. Cucumis melo

Sample Photo 89.
No. 85. Cucurbita moschata- 147 -

Sample Photo 88.
No. 84. Cucumis sativus