建築物石綿含有建材調査者講習テキスト目次

第１講座 建築物石綿含有建材調査に関する基礎知識 ························· 1-1
１．１

建築物石綿含有建材調査者 ········································· 1-1

１．１．１

建築物石綿含有建材調査者制度 ····································· 1-1

１．１．２

建築物石綿含有建材調査 ··········································· 1-3

１．２

建築物と石綿···················································· 1-5

１．２．１

石綿の定義

······················································ 1-5

１．２．２

石綿の種類

······················································ 1-6１．２．３

石綿の物性と用途 ················································· 1-7

１．３

石綿の被害

······················································ 1-9

１．３．１

石綿関連疾患···················································· 1-9（１） 中皮腫·························································· 1-9（２） 石綿肺························································· 1-10

（３） 肺がん························································· 1-11

（４） 良性石綿胸水（石綿胸膜炎） ······································ 1-11
（５） びまん性胸膜肥厚 ················································ 1-12（６） 胸膜プラーク（胸膜肥厚斑） ······································ 1-12
１．３．２

石綿のリスク··················································· 1-12

（１） 石綿ばく露の様態 ················································ 1-12
（２） 石綿の濃度とリスク ·············································· 1-14
１．３．３

建築物と石綿関連疾患 ············································ 1-15

１．３．４

建築物内における気中石綿濃度 ···································· 1-18

（１） 吹付け石綿が使用されている建築物内の石綿濃度···················· 1-18

（２） 目視による劣化判定と気中石綿濃度との関係 ························ 1-19
（３） 吹付け石綿対策工事等における建築物内石綿濃度···················· 1-19

１．４

関連法令

······················································· 1-20

１．４．１

労働安全衛生法及び石綿障害予防規則 ······························ 1-20

１．４．２

大気汚染防止法

１．４．３

建築基準法

１．４．４

その他

１．５

石綿対策における建築物石綿含有建材調査者の役割·················· 1-24

１．５．１

石綿除去工事での建築物石綿含有建材調査者の役割·················· 1-24

１．５．２

建築物使用時での建築物石綿含有建材調査の役割···················· 1-27················································· 1-22····················································· 1-22························································· 1-23

-1-

１．５．３

不適切な建築物調査がもたらす社会的不利益 ························ 1-28

（１） 建築物の石綿含有建材調査と健康リスクやコストとの関連············ 1-28

（２） 建築物の石綿の調査・管理方法が不適切なため社会的不利益を
招いた事例
１．５．４

····················································· 1-28

リスクコミュニケーション ········································ 1-29

（１） 米国におけるリスクコミュニケーションのはじまり·················· 1-29

（２） 米国におけるリスク管理の枠組みと利害関係者の関与················ 1-29

（３） 日本におけるリスクコミュニケーションガイドライン················ 1-30

１．５．５

建築物石綿含有建材調査者に必要な判断・知識······················ 1-31

（１） 調査者に必要な判断 ·············································· 1-31
（２） 調査者に必要な知識 ·············································· 1-32

第２講座 石綿含有建材の建築図面調査··································· 2-1

２．１

書面調査の概要·················································· 2-1

２．２

石綿含有建材···················································· 2-2

２．２．１

石綿含有吹付け材（レベル１） ····································· 2-4（１） 石綿含有吹付け材の種類 ··········································· 2-4（２） 石綿含有吹付け材の使用目的と吹付け工法 ··························· 2-5（３） 石綿含有吹付け材の詳細 ··········································· 2-6（４） 石綿含有吹付け材の製品名 ········································· 2-9２．２．２

石綿含有耐火被覆材・保温材・断熱材（レベル２）·················· 2-10

（１） 石綿含有耐火被覆材（成形板） ···································· 2-11（２） 石綿含有保温材················································· 2-13

（３） 石綿含有断熱材················································· 2-13

（４） レベル２の製品名 ················································ 2-16
２．２．３

石綿含有成形板等（レベル３） ···································· 2-18

（１） レベル３の特徴················································· 2-19

（２） レベル３の種類················································· 2-21

２．２．４

石綿含有建築用仕上塗材 ·········································· 2-44

（１） 石綿含有仕上塗材の特徴 ·········································· 2-45
（２） 石綿含有仕上塗材の種類 ·········································· 2-45
２．３

石綿含有建材データベース ········································ 2-48

（１） 認定番号の検索················································· 2-49

（２） 商品名の検索··················································· 2-50

（３） その他の情報··················································· 2-52

-2-

２．４

書面調査

２．４．１

···························································· 2-54

設計図書の入手及び発注者へのヒアリング ·························· 2-56

（１） 設計図書の借用依頼 ·············································· 2-56（２） 借用時の注意··················································· 2-56

（３） 建築図面がない場合 ·············································· 2-56
（４） 発注者等へのヒアリング ·········································· 2-57
２．４．２

確認図・竣工図（１） 建築確認図················································· 2-58····················································· 2-58

（２） 竣工図························································· 2-58

（３） 施工図························································· 2-58

２．４．３

設計図書の多様な図面 ············································ 2-58

（１） 建築図························································· 2-59

（２） 構造図························································· 2-97

（３） その他の図面··················································· 2-97

２．４．４

改修図

２．４．５

過去に実施された調査結果による判定 ····························· 2-102

２．５························································ 2-101

書面調査で得られた情報の整理······································· 2-102

２．５．１

石綿含有の有無の仮判定 ········································· 2-102

２．５．２

書面調査結果（試料採取予定数）の発注者報告

２．５．３

書面調査結果の整理の要求事項等

第３講座 現地調査の実際と留意点····················· 2-103································· 2-103······································· 3-1

３．１

調査計画

························································ 3-1

３．１．１

調査計画の作成

３．１．２

現地調査に臨む基本姿勢 ··········································· 3-4

３．２

事前準備

３．２．１

用品

···························································· 3-5

３．２．２

装備

···························································· 3-8

３．３

現地調査

３．３．１

関係者へのヒアリング ············································· 3-8

３．３．２

外観および構造等の確認 ·········································· 3-10

３．３．３

建築物内部の目視調査 ············································ 3-12·················································· 3-2························································ 3-5························································ 3-8（１） 使用建材の確認方法 ·············································· 3-12（２） 非破壊調査と取外し調査 ·········································· 3-13
（３） 施工部位ごとの調査のポイント ···································· 3-13
-3-

（４） 裏面確認
３．３．４······················································· 3-18

調査時の留意点················································· 3-20

（１） 現地調査の留意点 ················································ 3-20
（２） 建築物の構造別の留意点 ·········································· 3-21
（３） 建築物の用途別の留意点 ·········································· 3-21
（４） レベル１の石綿含有建材の調査の留意点···························· 3-21

（５） レベル２の石綿含有建材の調査の留意点···························· 3-25

（６） レベル３の石綿含有建材の調査の留意点···························· 3-25

（７） 建築用仕上塗材の調査の留意点 ···································· 3-26
（８） 過去の除去工事の取り残しの確認·································· 3-26

３．３．５

石綿含有の判断················································· 3-27

３．３．６

同一と考えられる材料の範囲 ······································ 3-28

３．３．７

改修工事・増築工事を見落とさない調査···························· 3-28

（１） 構造図などからの判別 ············································ 3-29
（２） 既存の構造からの判別 ············································ 3-29
（３） 床部分の判別··················································· 3-29

（４） 壁、間仕切り部分の判別 ·········································· 3-30
（５） 天井内などからの判別 ············································ 3-30
（６） 空調設備の改修の判別 ············································ 3-30
（７） 外壁、屋根、外構回り部分の判別·································· 3-32

３．４

現地調査の記録方法 ·············································· 3-32

３．４．１

調査ポイントの記録 ·············································· 3-33

３．４．２

写真の撮り方３．５

維持管理のための調査 ············································ 3-35

３．５．１

吹付け材等の劣化度の判定 ········································ 3-35

３．５．２

維持管理のためのアドバイス ······································ 3-45

３．６

試料採取

３．６．１

試料採取箇所の選定 ·············································· 3-49

３．６．２

試料採取量

３．６．３

試料採取数など··················································· 3-34······················································· 3-48····················································· 3-49················································· 3-51

（１） JIS A 1481-1, -4, -5 の考え方
（２） JIS A 1481-2, -3 の考え方
３．６．４··································· 3-51······································· 3-51

試料採取手順の概要 ·············································· 3-52

（１） 吹付け材······················································· 3-58

（２） 保温材・断熱材等 ················································ 3-59
（３） 成形板等······················································· 3-59

（４） 建築用仕上塗材等 ················································ 3-59
-4-

３．６．５

試料採取での留意点 ·············································· 3-59

（１） 吹付け材······················································· 3-59

（２） 断熱材・保温材（３） 成形板等················································· 3-61······················································· 3-62（４） 複合・複層建材················································· 3-64

３．６．６

分析依頼

······················································· 3-64

３．６．７

調査者による分析機関の選定について ······························ 3-66

（１） 分析者の説明能力の確認 ·········································· 3-66
（２） 分析技術者の教育計画と教育記録の有無の確認（３） 精度管理プログラムの有無の確認······················ 3-67·································· 3-67

（４） 外部機関技能試験および技能向上講習への参加の有無の確認（５） ブラインド試料分析依頼による確認·········· 3-68································ 3-69

（６） 分析機関の信頼性保証 ············································ 3-69
３．７

調査者の労働安全衛生上の留意点·································· 3-69

３．８

建材の石綿分析

３．８．１

建材の石綿分析法の概要と変遷による留意点 ························ 3-72················································· 3-72

（１） 建材の石綿分析法の変遷 ·········································· 3-72
（２） 建材の石綿分析法の変遷による留意点 ······························ 3-74
（３） 現在の標準分析法の概要 ·········································· 3-75
（４） 厚生労働省「石綿則に基づく事前調査のアスベスト分析マニュアル」·· 3-75（５） 分析方法の特徴と留意点 ·········································· 3-77
３．８．２

石綿則に基づく事前調査のアスベスト分析マニュアルによる分析方法（１） 定性分析方法１（偏光顕微鏡法）·· 3-78·································· 3-78

（２） 定性分析方法２（Ｘ線回折分析法・位相差分散顕微鏡法）············ 3-87

（３） 定量分析方法１（Ｘ線回折分析法）································ 3-99

（４） 定量分析方法２（偏光顕微鏡法）································· 3-101（５） 定性分析方法３（電子顕微鏡法）································· 3-107

３．８．３

アスベスト分析結果報告書例 ····································· 3-108

第４講座 建築物石綿含有建材調査報告書の作成
４．１

改修工事前、解体工事前の事前調査·························· 4-1································· 4-1（１） 報告書記載項目·················································· 4-1（２） 報告書記載例···················································· 4-3

４．２

維持管理のための調査 ············································· 4-7

４．２．１

アスベスト台帳登録に関連した維持管理調査 ························· 4-7-5-

（１） 現地調査総括票の記入 ············································ 4-10（２） 現地調査個票の記入 ·············································· 4-13
４．２．２

特定建築物の届出に関連した維持管理調査 ·························· 4-14４．３

調査報告書の作成 ················································ 4-17

４．４

所有者等への報告 ················································ 4-17

４．５

地方公共団体への報告 ············································ 4-17

４．６

事前調査結果等の都道府県知事および労働基準監督署長への報告······ 4-18

（１） 報告の対象····················································· 4-18

（２） 報告の方法····················································· 4-18

―巻末資料―
巻末資料１

目で見るアスベスト建材（第２版）

巻末資料２

建築物の構造別の留意点

巻末資料３

建築物の用途別の留意点

巻末資料４

石綿（アスベスト）含有建材データベース

巻末資料５

海外の石綿含有建材調査者制度

巻末資料６

用途と部位ごとの調査のポイント

巻末資料７

建築物の石綿対策に係る関係法令

巻末資料８

石綿含有建材に係る現地調査報告書の作成要領

巻末資料９

JIS A 1481 の概要と各分析方法の特徴

巻末資料１０

石綿濃度と飛散の概念図

巻末資料１１

煙突用石綿断熱材の劣化度判定

巻末資料１２

石綿含有建材と間違えやすい建材例

巻末資料１３

書面調査結果の整理方法の例

巻末資料１４

建築物と石綿に関する参考データ等

巻末資料１５

分析結果報告書

巻末資料１６

事前調査結果等の都道府県知事および労働基準監督署長への報告-6-