The 26th Young Scholars’ Conference on
Philippine Studies in Japan
第 26 回フィリピン研究会全国フォーラム

July 17-18, 2021
via Online
Organizers
Yoshihiro CHIBA (Kanazawa University)
Shingo MIKAMO (Shinshu University)
Atsuro TSUTSUMI (Kanazawa University)

Contents / 目次
Conference Schedule ............................................................................................................................ 3
Program/ プログラム
Keynote Session/ 共通論題, “Philippine Societies in a Time of Pandemic”............................ 5
Synopsis / 報告要旨
Panel 1A, “History” ......................................................................................................................... 7
Panel 1B, “Health, Life and Policy” (in Japanese) ................................................................. 8
Panel 2A, “Agriculture and Development” ...............................................................................10
Panel 2B, “History, Society and Politics” (in Japanese)........................................................ 11
Panel 3A, “History and Migration” ............................................................................................ 13
Panel 3B, “Culture and Politics in Pandemics” (in Filipino)................................................. 13
Panel 4A, “Gender” ....................................................................................................................... 14
Panel 4B, “Filipino Culture” (in Filipino) .................................................................................. 15
Panel 4C, “Health, Work and Resilience” ................................................................................ 16

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Announcements/ご参加の皆様へ

The link and password to enter the each room (A, B, and C) will be sent to the registeredparticipants one week before the conference on July 17 and 18, 2021.
Tips during the session
 Make your account name in the Roman alphabet.
 Please keep your microphone system “mute” while listening to a presentation.
 If you like to ask questions or make comments, write “questions” or “comments” in chatwindow so that the moderator facilitates the discussion easily.

Presenters are allowed to organize the time for your presentation and Q and A within 30 minutes.
(some may talk for 20 minutes others may talk for 25 minutes and leave 5 minutes for Q or talkfor 30 minutes but no time for Q and A)Zoom のリンクおよびパスワードは会議開催前週にご登録者へメールでご案内いたします。またズー
ムリンクは部屋ごとに設定されるので、ご参加のお部屋をプログラムにてご確認ください。

セッションへご参加頂くための注意点
・ お名前はローマ字アルファベットのフルネームを表示ください。
・ セッション中、発言者以外はマイクをミュートに設定してください。
・ 質問やコメントをされる際には、チャットボックスに「質問」や「コメント」とご記入ください。
司会者が順番に取り上げます。



各報告者には 30 分が割り当てられており、どのように報告するかはお任せ致します。20 分報告して10 分を Q&A に充てても構いませんし、30 分報告し Q&A なしでも構いません。

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Conference Schedule (Japan Time)/スケジュール(日本時間)
DAY 1 (July 17)
10:00-12:00(Room A)

Keynote Session
Philippine Societies in a Time of Pandemic
Francis Alvarez Gealogo
Speaker 1
Benjamin Velasco
Speaker 2
Antoinette Raquiza
ReactorShingo Mikamo
Moderator
Break

12:00-13:00
13:00-15:00

1A(Room A)

1B
(Room B)

Session 1
History
Lorenzo S. Hipolito, Jr
Speaker 1
Julz E. Riddle
Speaker 2
Luis Zuriel P. Domingo
Speaker 3
Taihei Okada
Moderator
Health, Life and Policy
矢ヶ崎 孟 (Hajime Yakazaki)
Speaker 1
久保 裕子 (Yuko Kubo)
Speaker 2
吉澤 あすな (Asuna Yoshizawa)Speaker 3
石山 永一郎 (Eiichiro Ishiyama)
Speaker 4
渡邉 暁子(Akiko Watanabe)
Moderator
Break

15:00-15:30
15:30-18:00

2A(Room A)

2B
(Room B)

Session 2
Agriculture and Development
Kevin Christopher Go
Speaker 1
Miguel Niccolo Veneracion Rallonza
Speaker 2
Susumu Ito
Speaker 3
Satoshi Miyawaki
Moderator
History, Society and Politics
シャープ 茜 (Akane Sharp)
Speaker 1
齊藤 優 (Yu Saito)
Speaker 2
瀬名波 栄志 (Eishi Senaha)
Speaker 3
宮川慎司(Shinji Miyagawa)Speaker 4
荒 哲 (Satoshi Ara)
Speaker 5
高木 佑輔 (Yusuke Takagi)
Moderator*Reception scheduled in July 17 has been cancelled.

3DAY 2 (Ju ly 1 8 )
1 0 :0 0 - 1 2 :0 0

3A
(Room A)

3B
(Room B)

Session 3
History and Migration
Speaker 1
Maria Cynthia Barriga
Speaker 2
Ricardo Jose
Speaker 3
Michiyo Yoneno-Reyes
Moderator
Eri Kitada
Culture and Politics in Pandemics
Speaker 1
Danim R. Majerano
Speaker 2
Niña Christina Lazaro-Zamora
Speaker 3
Maria Theresa D. Mapili
Speaker 4
Gerome Nicolas Dela Peña
Aimee Joy Aringo-Javilagon
Moderator
Break

1 2 :0 0 - 1 3 :0 0
1 3 :0 0 - 1 5 :0 0

4A
(Room A)

4B
(Room B)

4C
(Room C)

1 5 :3 0 - 1 6 :3 0

Session 4
GenderSpeaker 1
Moniq M. Muyargas
Speaker 2
Celinne Charmaigne Angeles Guevara
Speaker 3
Raymundo Pavo
Speaker 4
Gina Rose L. Chan
Moderator
Beatriz Torre
Filipino Culture
Speaker 1
Nicolas Completo Gaba Jr.
Speaker 2Junilo Santos Espiritu
Speaker 3
Jonathan Geronimo
Moderator
Satoshi Ara
Health, Work and Resilience
Speaker 1
Giselle L. Miole
Speaker 2
Dhino Geges
Speaker 3
Rey Ventura
Moderator
Wataru Kusaka
General Meeting（総会）（in Japanese）

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Keynote Session/ 共通論題

Philippine Societies in a Time of Pandemic
Speaker 1 (10:00-10:30)

Prof. Francis Alvarez Gealogo (Department of History, Ateneo de Manila
University)
The Social History of the Influenza Pandemic of 1918-1919 and Covid 19
Pandemic of 2020 in the Philippines
The 1918 influenza pandemic was one of the most virulent epidemics ever to hit the American-occupied
Philippines. The impact of the contagion was felt unevenly by the population of the islands, with some
populations becoming more vulnerable to the disease compared to others. The presentation analyzes theenvironmental and ecological dimensions of the spread of the disease, and the attempts by different sectors tocontain the epidemic, or mitigate its impact for those already affected by the outbreak. Specifically, the paper
will assess the influenza pandemic as experienced in prison populations, leper colonies, and military camps as
examples of confined populations and rural ethnic communities, urban and suburban communities as
examples of unconfined populations. The official government actions as well as the people’s perception about
the pandemic in these population types will also be analyzed in order to advance the evaluation on the social
dimension in the history of this pandemic from the prism of medical and demographic history. Finally, thepaper will present the Philippine experience during the influenza pandemic and attempt to reflect these to
analyze the current efforts in the country to contain the Covid pandemic.

Speaker 2 (10:30-11:00)

Prof. Benjamin Velasco (School of Labor and Industrial Relations,
University of the Philippines, Diliman)
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Covid-19 Responses of Organized Grassroots Communities in thePhilippines
As the whole world reels under the impact of the unprecedented health crisis brought about by the
COVID-19 pandemic, there has been little attention paid to its effect on grassroots communities andmarginalized sectors. This is particularly important given the haphazard and erratic manner ofofficial measures to contain the contagion which are being implemented in a situation where healthsystems face serious challenges in terms of readiness to confront a crisis of these proportions. Whilenational reports are extensively documented and macro numbers are often reported, there is a need tolook more closely at underprivileged sectors and communities. This presentation documents the
responses, engagements and struggles of marginalized communities in the Philippines in the time of
the covid-19 pandemic. These communities range from labor movements, farm workers
organizations, informal settlers and indigenous communities. Results are varied, conditioned on thelocation, existence of community and sectoral organizations, and levels of social solidarity andcollective consciousness. Still, marginalized grassroots communities are not simply victims of afailed government response. They exercise agency given their repeated experience of delayed andinsufficient aid. Empowered grassroots communities are capable of organizing their own plans
without waiting for dole-outs.

Reactor Prof. Antoinette Raquiza (Asian Center, University of thePhilippines, Diliman)

Moderator Prof. Shingo MIkamo (Shinshu University)

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Synopsis / 報告要旨
Panel 1A, “History”
Moderator
Taihei Okada (岡田泰平) (Tokyo University)

Lorenzo S. Hipolito, Jr (Centro Escolar University, Manila)
Revisiting the Quincentennial Commemoration of Catholicism in the Philippines
The Spaniards came and brought Catholicism to the country 500 years ago. The people of the Philippines as if without anagency or a mind of their own were forcefully transformed into Catholicism. Religion was once used for colonialism,
which is one part of the historical accounts of our nation.
Spain governed the Philippines through the Union of Church and State, introducing in the process new beliefs,
institutions, and practices in the political, economic, and religious aspects of people’s lives. Moreover, several earlyFilipino revolts occurred due to religious persecution among the natives during the Spanish colonization.
The results, though effective and positive for Spain. It also caused hardships among the majority of the inhabitants. The
Philippine commemoration of the arrival of Catholicism in the Philippines is also an occasion to reminisce the tragic
Catholic abuses of Spaniards to the Filipinos.
The research will attempt to revisit historical accounts on how the Catholic religion introduced by the Spaniards also
caused tragic events in the annals of Philippine history.

Julz E. Riddle (Graduate School of Asia-Pacific Studies, Waseda University)
Women Bunkajin in the Philippines and the Woman Question in the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity
Sphere: The Philippine diaries of Kawakami Kikuko and Miyake Tsuyako
The Japanese Empire, realizing the value of propaganda in the occupied territories under the Greater East Asia CoProsperity Sphere, sent bunkajin or “people of culture” to different areas including the Philippines. Two of them were
Kikuko Kawakami and Tsuyako Miyake, women writers sent to the islands in 1942 to record their impressions of thearea and interact with local women intellectuals. Both left diaries that chronicled a Manila Shimbunsha-hosted forum on
the the woman’s ideal role in the “New Order”, but both have been largely ignored in the study of the Japanese
Occupation of the Philippines in favor of their male contemporaries. This paper aims to examine these diaries andunderstand, firstly, how both Filipino and Japanese women understood the Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Sphere as
seen in the said forum, and secondly, how local women encountered “the Japanese” as particular individuals, instead ofan abstract collective.

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Luis Zuriel P. Domingo (University of Santo Tomas)
The apex of Filipino nationalist school of history: Teodoro Agoncillo, Renato Constantino, and Horacio dela Costa S.J. revisited, 1956-1972
Senator Claro M. Recto was the first to formally outline the contours of Filipino nationalism when he lobbied inCongress the 1956 Rizal Bill. The said bill mandated students to study the life and works of Filipino hero José Rizal,
providing students the opportunity to revisit the period where the concept of a Filipino nation first developed. Radical
intellectuals and nationalist academics, however, saw this Recto breakthrough as germinal to decolonize or reshape theconcept of Filipino nation and identity subjugated in colonial-oriented historiography and historicism, but this featardently trajected to an unanticipated resurgence of nationalism. The period of 1950s to 1970s were dominated by threeprominent ‘nationalist’ historians: Teodoro Agoncillo, Renato Constantino, and Horacio de la Costa, S.J. This paper
hopes to explore how they reinvited the study of Philippine history, the positives it contributed to the development of
postwar nationalist thought, likewise, highlight the negatives it produced.

Panel 1B, “Health, Life and Policy” (in Japanese)Moderator
渡邉
矢ヶ崎

暁子(Akiko Watanabe)(Bunkyo University)
孟 （アセアン開発協力機構）「新型コロナウィルスによりロックダウンされた過疎地 Upper Pangi and Pangi」
この度の研究はフィリピン・Zamboangaの郊外の村で起きたフィリピンのロックダウン下での相互支援・生
活環境についての調査を行った。フィリピン保健省（以下、DOH）によるとCOVID-19は２０２０年1月に武漢市から香港経由でフィリピン・マニラへ入国した「人物」がフィリピンでの「初の感染者」とされた。そして、COVID-19は都市・マニラから地方へと感染者が広がった。ドゥテルテ大統領は同年３月の記者会見で２
０２０年３月１５日から４月１４日までの３０日間、マニラ首都圏の内外の往来の禁止、いわゆる「ロックダウン」を発表した。フィリピン都市部の「ロックダウン」は他国同様にフィリピン経済に大打撃を受けたことは周知の通りである。しかし、都市部では経済は多少なりとも回っていた。その状況に対して、地方、
過疎地では状況は異なっていた。政府からの支援は得られず、フィリピン家族に必ずいるとされる出稼ぎ労
働者からの支援も得られない。その渦中、「ロックダウン」により強いられた貧困は結論として、過疎地における「支援」、つまり持つ者から持たない者への「供給」であった。

久保裕子（東京大学大学院）「フィリピンの周産期における「選択」についての考察」
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現在のフィリピンにおいて、女性がリプロダクティブ・ヘルスに対して主体的に選択できることは、家族計画に基づく避妊の有無、そしてその手法である。それは、2012年にリプロダクティブ・ヘルス法が制定されたことで勝ち得た選択肢であった。しかし一方で、依然として違法な中絶行為は後を絶たない。こうした現状を理解するために、本発表ではフィリピンの女性にとって「選択」とは何であるかを考察する。発表者
は流産、そして人工中絶を含む周産期の喪失：「プレグナンシー・ロス」をテーマに、2017年から2019年の二年間、フィリピンにて調査を行った。本発表では、そこで得られた女性たちの喪失経験の語りを通して、彼女たちが選んだこと、その選択に至る経緯に焦点を当てることで、「選択」を捉え直し、また捉え直すことでより何が議論できるかを考察する。

吉澤

あすな（京都大学アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科）「「真実の宗教」をめぐる宗教・民族境界の再編：ミンダナオ・イリガン市におけるBalik-Islam（ムスリム改宗者）の事例から」
The objective of this presentation is to reconsider Muslim-Christian relations in Southern Philippines focusing on
narratives and practices of Balik-Islam (Muslim converts from Christian) in Iligan City. Previous studies on Balik-Islam
organizations have emphasized the image as fundamentalist and exclusive group being committed in violent politicalactivities due to the several bombings caused by the Rajah Solaiman Movement in the early 2000’s. However, BalikIslam organizations and their members in Iligan try to keep good relationships with their Christian neighbors and family
members despite of the prejudice and negative image of Islam/Muslim in the society. This presentation argues that the
everyday practices of Balik-Islam can transform the existent Muslim-Christian relations and religious/ethnic boundaries,
because their missionary strategy and wavering sense of religious belonging and faith generate continuity andcommunality with Christianity.

石山

永一郎（日刊まにら新聞編集長）「2022年フィリピン大統領選をめぐる最新動向」
２０２２年５月に行われる次期大統領選挙をめぐっては、ドゥテルテ大統領の長女でダバオ市長のサラ・ドゥテルテ＝カルピオ氏が再有力視されている。世論調査でもトップに立ち続けている。サラ氏は現在 42 歳
で、当選すれば、フィリピン大統領としては独立革命時の初代大統領エミリオ・アギナルドに次ぐ若さでの就任となる。本人は出馬を否定、ドゥテルテ大統領も娘の出馬は「ない」と明言しているが、ドゥテルテ大
統領自身も当選した２０１６年の選挙前「マラカニアンに行くぐらいなら死を選ぶ」と明言、選挙の立候補
届け出締め切り後に、所属党員の代理候補として出馬して当選している。選挙戦はサラ氏を軸に与党候補はボンボン・マルコス氏、ボクサーのマニー・パッキャオ氏、マニラ市長のイスコ・モレノ氏、上院議員のグ
レース・ポー氏らが世論調査では上位を占める。野党候補はロブレド副大統領以外、有力候補は見当たらない状況だ。世論調査やフィリピン人記者の分析を紹介し、大統領選の行方を探りつつ、ドゥテルテ後の比も
展望する。

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Panel 2A, “Agriculture and Development”
Moderator
Satoshi Miyawaki (宮脇 聡史）(Osaka University)

Kevin Christopher Go (National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies)
The roles and key-capabilities of innovation intermediaries in export-oriented agri-food business value
chains: Findings from the Philippine mango industry
To maximize gains from agri-food business GVCs, it is necessary to explore the mechanisms through which innovationenabling or innovation intermediary organizations support the upgrading, participation, and innovation of value chain
stakeholders. The innovation studies literature finds that innovation intermediaries build necessary key-capabilities thatallow them to perform roles that promote knowledge transfer, organizational development, and network collaboration
more successfully. A gap remains in understanding how intermediaries perform their roles and develop key-capabilities
as GVCs and innovation systems interact, especially in agri-food business industries. Thus, this study aims to fill this gap
through a case study on the role performance and key-capability building of innovation intermediaries in an industry thatprioritizes export-oriented development, the Philippine mango industry. This study is part of a larger dissertation on how
innovation intermediaries in agri-food business industries perform roles and build key-capabilities as their organization
type, value chain segment participation, and industry market orientation vary.

Miguel Niccolo Veneracion Rallonza (ASJA-MEXT Research Student, University of Tokyo)
Kuwentong Buhay, Hindi lang Bahay: Estate Management as a Means of Negotiating Entitlements andPursuing Empowerment along the Manggahan Floodway
This paper is a case study of how human rights are operationalized on the ground by informal settler families (ISFs)
within the urban context. Specifically, it follows the continuing narrative of the Alliance of People’s Organizations Along
Manggahan Floodway (APOAMF) - a people's organization operating in Pasig, Metro Manila - and their struggle (andsuccess) for the right to in-city housing. Making use of Norman Long's actor-oriented sociology of development, theorganization's "narratives of struggle" from informal settlers to legitimate homeowners are traced with their current focusof Estate Management as a means of resistance to "going back to the state before as ISFs" being emphasized.
The study also highlights the importance and strength of engaged social sciences research, that is the co-production, cocreation and co-implementation of knowledge with and for communities.

10

Susumu Ito (伊藤 晋）(University of Niigata Prefecture)
BBB and BRI: Duterte administration’s Infrastructure Development Strategy and Belt and Road Initiative
Faced with huge infrastructure gap in the country, the Duterte administration announced a flagship infrastructure
investment program called “Build, Build, Build” (BBB) of 8.4 trillion pesos which includes 75 large-scale flagshipinfrastructure projects in 2017. The administration eyes financial assistance from China as one of major financial sources
for the BBB. Although two countries signed cooperation agreements including development assistance worth USD 9billion in 2016 and Memorandum of Understanding on Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) in November 2018, the twocountries have so far signed only three loan agreements for infrastructure worth about USD 500 million. This paper tries
to examine China’s development assistance to the Philippines during the administration. Characteristics of China’s
development assistance to the Philippines will also be discussed in comparison with those from multilateral development
partners and other bilateral partners including Japan.

Panel 2B, “History, Society and Politics” (in Japanese)Moderator
高木

佑輔 (Yusuke Takagi)(政策研究大学院大学)

シャープ

茜（Circle of Peace）「「戦争」の歴史認識をめぐる旅 ―フィリピンと日本につながりを持つ人々との語りから―」歴史を学ぶということは、どこで教育を受け、どのように教えられたかという点が重要だと考える。1つの国の視点で学んだ歴史教育は、違う国の目線とは異なる場合があり、歴史認識が変わることもある。複数の国に背景がある、または複数の国で教育を受けた人の場合、どのように歴史を見るのだろうか？
本研究では、侵略された国フィリピンと侵略した国である日本という対照的な2つの国に背景を持つ「フィリピンと日本につながりを持つ人々」を対象にインタビューを行なった。対象者がアジア・太平洋戦争の歴
史を学ぶ時に、「自分につながりがある国の歴史をどう捉えるのか」「歴史を学ぶ中で違和感や不快感はあるのだろうか」というリサーチクエスチョンを元に、戦争の歴史について学ぶ機会や、（国家間の）移動の経験、ルーツに関する質問を行ない、その中で歴史を多元的に学ぶ方法を模索している。

齊藤優（神戸大学大学院人文学研究科）「在日フィリピン人の国内移動の要因分析――就労機会及びキリスト教系信徒団体が与える影響に着目して」
就労を契機とする移動とキリスト教系信徒団体に関係する移動の二つの視点から、在日フィリピン人の国
内移動について調査データに基づき報告する。本研究の調査対象はフィリピン人のみで構成される世帯であ11

る。調査地は、大阪市近郊と兵庫県豊岡市である。調査方法は、聞き取り調査及び参与観察を実施した。転居することのできない技能実習から生は対象除いている。フィリピン人のみで構成される世帯は、日本人配
偶者の家に入り、生活をすることを選択したフィリピン人たちとは異なる移動の様相をとっていることが推察される。こうした世帯は特定一つの都市に居住し続けるのか、それとも短期間の移動を繰り返す生活を選択する傾向にあるのか、調査対象者の事例から考察を行う。

瀬名波

栄志（京都大学大学院アジア・アフリカ地域研究研究科博士課程）「新自由主義と社会運動：民主化後の比における反汚職運動の変容」
新自由主義とは、資本のグローバリゼーションによる競争激化の下で、各国の巨大資本の権力を再確立
し、それまで制約されてきた利潤を再び増大させようとする政治経済体制をさす（渡辺,2020)。また、新自由主義は生産性、自己責任を基調とする思想でもある。民主化後のフィリピンにおいて、新自由主義はいつ・どのように浸透したのだろうか？また、新自由主義は比の社会運動に対し、どのような効果をもったのだろうか？本発表ではエドサ革命以後の反汚職運動の流れを追いながら、運動がいかに新自由主義の影響を受けて資本・国家との協調主義を志向し始めたのかを明らかにする。事例としては、2013年のミリオンピー
プルマーチを頂点とした一連の反汚職運動を扱う。これら運動は自由民主主義を拡大させたいというよりは経済成長を希求する、新自由主義的なモラルに支配されてきたことを明らかにする。

宮川慎司（東京大学大学院博士課程）「政治的論理と経済的論理の間を揺れ動く社会規範 ：EDSA革命前後の「盗電」に対する規範を事例に」人々が持つ不文法としての社会規範は、状況によって揺れ動くことが論じられてきた。本発表は、1986年のEDSA革命前後のマニラ首都圏における「盗電」を事例に、盗電をめぐる規範が政治的論理主導から経済的論理主導で形成されるよう変化したことを、議会議事録や新聞から示す。マルコス政権は1972年に戒厳令を敷き、ロペス家から電力会社であるメラルコを接収し支配下においていた。マルコス政権の末期には、反マ
ルコス勢力は政権に抵抗するために、マルコスやその取り巻きが支配する企業に対してボイコット運動を行
い、電力に対するボイコットとして進んで盗電を行った。しかしEDSA革命後、特に1990年代初頭には深刻な電力危機が発生し、製造業を中心としてフィリピン経済に大きな損害がもたらされた。電力危機をもたらす原因の一つとして、盗電は早急に解決すべき問題とみなされるようになり、1994年には反盗電法が成立した。

Satoshi Ara（荒哲）（Fukushima University）

Wartime Violence in Rural Philippine Society and Disparity in Conviction over the Collaboration Cases:
with special reference to some cases in Negros Occidental, Philippines
This presentation examines the wartime violence, resulting from the Filipino collaboration for the Japanese, andfollowing arbitrary practice of law over the collaboration issues that have been ignored in Philippine historiography. This12

study will examine in particular the case of Negros Occidental, where the sugar industry have been dominant since theAmerican colonial years, focusing on the wartime violence occurred over the disciplinary activities chiefly initiated by
the Japanese occupying forces together with the collaboration both of local elites and the poor. It also clarifies theprocess of how the rich locals, mostly managing their sugar plantations as what they call “sugar baron,” engaged in thecollaboration activities for the Japanese utilizing their poor men against the anti-Japanese guerrilla forces, and wiped out
a local “disgrace” of being charged with crime of treason in People’s Court after the war, while most of the poor
collaborators were strictly convicted in the said court.

Panel 3A, “History and Migration”
The 1920-30s Footage of the Philippines Taken by Japanese Migrants: A Roundtable Discussion on
Potentials of Film Archiving for New Research
Moderator: Eri Kitada (Rutgers University-New Brunswick)
Speakers:
Maria Cynthia Barriga (Waseda University)
Ricardo Jose (University of the Philippines)
Michiyo Yoneno-Reyes (University of Shizuoka)
This panel explores the potentials of film archiving for new research in Philippine Studies by presenting footage taken by
Japanese migrants in various places of the Philippines in the 1920s and 1930s. Such study of film is part of a larger
project on Matsui Family Collection, which aims at digitizing and indexing films and photographs possessed by thedescendants of Japanese merchants who developed business networks in the American Philippines. As a roundtablediscussion, the panel will be divided into four parts, with each part consisting of introduction, film screening, analysis,
and discussion. The first three parts will center on the locals and landscapes in Baguio, Manila, and Davao. The last partwill focus on the commodities and everyday life of the pre-World War II Japanese migrant communities. The dialogue
between presenters and the audience will illuminate film archiving as a promising approach to diverse fields in Philippine
Studies.

Panel 3B, “Culture and Politics in Pandemics” (in Filipino)Wika, Panitikan, at Pulitika sa Panahon ng Pandemiya: Mga Natatanging Paksa sa Aralin sa Pasig
Moderator: Aimee Joy Aringo-Javilagon (Teacher, San Pablo City Science Integrated High School)
Speakers:
Danim R. Majerano (Samahang Saliksik Pasig, Inc.)
Gerome Nicolas Dela Peña
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Niña Christina Lazaro-Zamora
Maria Theresa D. Mapili
Ang Lungsod ng Pasig ay isa sa mga lokal na yunit ng National Capital Region sa bansa na nakapagtala ng mga unang
kaso ng COVID-19. Sa nakaranasan ng lungsod ay tumugon sa patakaran at hamon ng lokal at pambansang pamahalaan
sa usapin ng kaligtasan. Sa naganap na lockdown o Enhanced Community Quarantine ay sinikap na makapag-ambag ang
mga kasapi ng Samahang Saliksik Pasig, Inc. gamit ang kani-kanilang disiplina at interes sa pananaliksik at gawaing
pangkultura. Layong maibahagi at maitanghal ng panel na ito, ang mga natatanging paksa sa aralin sa Pasig na nakatuon
sa lokal na produksiyon ng wika, panitikan, pulitika. Ang mga papel ay natatanging ambag hindi lamang sa kaban nghiyas ng aralin sa Pasig kung hindi sa mas malawak na pambansa at global na lunsaran ng kaalaman at diskurso sa
mundo ng akademiya at sa labas na ito. Sa panahon na tayo ay nasa pandemiya, marapat na makilala, marinig at
maitanghal ang mga ito bilang maliit na yunit ng partikularidad laban sa unibersal na katotohanan—ito marahil ang bisa
at halaga ng aralin sa Pasig sa kasalukuyang kalagayan.

Panel 4A, “Gender”
Being an LGBT older person in the Philippines
Moderator: Beatriz Torre (College of Social Sciences and Philosophy, University of the Philippines
Diliman)Speakers:
Moniq M. Muyargas (College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Visayas)
I am Gay and Getting Old: A Narrative of Life Course Dimension among Older Gay Men and Lesbians

Celinne Charmaigne Angeles Guevara (Independent Gender Specialist/Consultant)
Conversations with Older Sexual Minorities on Living Alone

Raymundo Pavo (College of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of the Philippines Mindanao)
The Meaning of Being an Aging Lesbian in Davao City

Gina Rose L. Chan (University of the Philippines Center for Women’s and Gender Studies)
Older Lesbians, Social Spaces, and Policy on Older Persons
The Philippines is considered to be one of the LGBT friendly countries among the South Asia regions. Is it especiallytrue for older LGBT people as well? By definition, an older LGBT person is someone who is a sexual minority and is 50
years old and above. This panel session will focus on the narratives of older LGBT persons from the northern, central andsouthern areas of the Philippines: Luzon (north), Western Visayas (central), Mindanao (south). It will discuss about older
LGBT people’s experiences of living alone and growing old (for Guevara’s presentation) and life trajectories, transitions
and resolutions of older gay men and lesbians (for Muyargas' presentation). Meanwhile, Pavo’s and Chan’s presentations
will tackle the meaning of being an aging lesbian and what are inclusive and exclusionary social spaces for them in
Davao City. This panel session will provide a glimpse of the realities of older, aging sexual minorities in various parts of
the Philippines.

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Panel 4B, “Filipino Culture” (in Filipino)
Moderator
Satoshi Ara (荒哲) (Fukushima University)

Nicolas Completo Gaba Jr. (University of Santo Tomas, Manila)
Sipat-Dalumat sa Kamalayang Kultural-Historikal ng Piling Mamamayan ng Oriental Mindoro: Batayan
at Pagtutugda* ng Mungkahing Araling Oriental Mindro
Hindi matatawaran ang mga saliksik ukol sa wika, kultura, sining, kasaysayan ng Mindoro lalo na sa pangkatetnolingguwistiko na Mangyan, ang suliranin, kapansin-pansin na sa mga saliksik na ito ay sipat at lente na panlabas ang
gamit sa saliksik at wikang Ingles ang gamit ng mga naunang mananaliksik. Sa inisiyal na saliksik ng mananaliksik,
natukoy na limitado at kapos sa inisyatiba na nagmumula sa Local Government Unit sa pagtataguyod ng sana ay araling
lokal ng/sa Mindoro, sa katunayan, maging ang araling kultura na ukol sa mga Mangyan ay limitadong-limitado rin.
Dagdag pa sa mga suliraning ito ang suliranin sa misedukasyon sa wika, kultura, sining, at kasaysayan na saklaw ng
araling lokal na mababakas sa umiiral na sistema ng edukasyon sa Pilipinas. Suliranin din ang usapin ng kawalan ng
gustuhing politikal ng maraming mga lokal na saliksikin, aralin, ipalaganap, at ingatan ang mismong mga saklaw ng
araling lokal, na sa sisikapin ng mananaliksik na tugunan sa pagpapatuloy sa pananaliksik. *First Paragraph Only

Junilo Santos Espiritu (University of the Philippines)
Ang Hamon ng Magkaibang Kultura sa Workplace (Filipino Skilled Workers at ang Japanese Employers)
Ang kakulangan ng mga puwersang manggagawa sa Japan ang nagbunsod upang buksan ito sa kalapit bansa tulad ng
Vietnam, Thailand, at Pilipinas. Isa sa mga kahingian ay ang kakayahang makapagbasa, makasulat, makapagsalita at ang
higit sa lahat ay ang makaunawa ng wika at kulturang Hapon. Matapos ang intensive Japanese language training sa
Pilipinas, makapasa sa mga kinakailangang pagsusulit tulad ng trade test at language proficiency, at iba pang kahingian,maaari na silang makapagtrabaho sa Japan bilang welder, factory worker, atbp. Subalit, matapos ang ilang buwan o taong
pagtatrabaho, hindi maikakailang maraming pagsubok ang dinanas ang mga Filipino. Isa sa malaking dahilan nito ay ang
malaking kaibahan ng kultura sa workplace, at ang pang-unawa sa target na wika. Bunsod ng ganitong suliranin,humahantong ito sa hindi pagkakaunawaan. Paano nga ba magkakaunawaan ang dalawang magkaibang kultura sa
workplace?

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Jonathan Geronimo (University of Santo Tomas)
Lunan ng Paghulagpos: Kahulugan at Muling Pagpapakahulugan sa Piling Akdang Piitan bilang KontraEspasyo
Tampok sa papel ang limang bilanggong pulitikal na manunulat at ang kanilang mga akda na produkto ng kanilang
pagkakapiit at paglaban sa namamayaning kaayusang neokolonyal. Nilalayon ng papel na ito na suriin kung paanobinigyang-kahulugan ang materyal na espasyo ng piitan at mga manipestasyon ng pagdanas sa espasyong ito, na
nagsisilbing muling pagpapakahulugan at lunan ng pananalinghaga at pakikibakang kontra-espasyo ng mga
kontemporanyong bilanggong pulitikal. Mula sa ganitong posisyon ng panunuri, napalitaw ang iba’t ibang saray ng
kahulugan sa pagbabartolina at mga manipestasyon nito, gayundin ang mga kontraryong pagkilos at paraan ng pagangkop bilang diwa ng pagpiglas-bayan sa kalagayan ng pagkakapiit na nagbubukas ng posibilidad para hamunin atbaguhin ang itinutulak na dominanteng kahulugan at kaayusang ipinapataw ng estadong neokolonyal.

Panel 4C, “Health, Work and Resilience”
Moderator
Wataru Kusaka (日下 渉)(Nagoya University)

Giselle L. Miole (Waseda University - Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies)
Helping others helping themselves: Volunteer doctors and their motivations in serving rural Philippines
amidst the COVID-19 pandemic
Exchange and reciprocity have become among the central themes in anthropology. However, volunteerism as a form ofreciprocity, is yet to be discussed in length. This study attempts to explore the puzzle on volunteerism that inhere in“giving without receiving” phenomenon found among three rural community doctors in Rizal, Davao del Norte andSurigao del Sur even during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study investigates on why the rural doctors chose to serve andsettle at remote areas, and what shaped their altruistic ideals to volunteer without receiving. Through series of in-depth
interviews, the study finds three thematic reasons for volunteering in the context of rural Philippines: pananagutan (senseof responsibility); pananampalataya (sense of spirituality); and preferences to rural life. This study argues that sociocultural institutions, particularly the church, medical school, and workplace, may have strongly shaped the rural doctors’
altruistic ideals to volunteer, serve and help patients help themselves.

Dhino Geges (University of the Philippines, Los Banos)
Examining social enterprises in community resilience building: does inclusive stakeholder engagement
matter?
This study was conducted to examine how social enterprises facilitate inclusive stakeholder engagement toward building
resilient communities in a developing country context. Data were gathered through a survey, key informant interviews,

16and community immersion.
Results showed that different stakeholders are involved in the realization of the social mission of social enterprises. The
process of stakeholder engagement involves different roles and role changes. The SEs’ transformational and transactionalroles have shaped the key engagement processes with the different actors toward resilience building, although in varying
ways and with varied outcomes. The cases show that the roles of SE members were both collaborative and empowering.
Gender inclusivity was also strengthened since women’s leadership drives most of the social enterprises. Consequently,
SEs gave them meaningful participation and a strengthened sense of ownership. Similarly, inclusive engagement ofpublic institutions and non-public entities reflects the type of institutional support offered to social entrepreneurial
ventures.

Rey Ventura (Freelance)
DEKASEGI: A phenomenological record of Filipino undocumented workers in Japan
This 1 hour, 10-minute (original length; 15 min. will be shown) b/w film chronicles the lives of undocumented Filipino
day laborers in the working-class district of Kotobuki in Yokohama City during the ‘bubble’ years. It starts in 1988,
continues in 2011, and ends in 2018 – a span of thirty years. It covers three countries: Japan, the Philippines, and the US.
The first part follows MANNY, 30 and WILLIE, 28 going about their daily activities: going to work, church, shopping,interacting with Japanese coworkers, and having fun. VENTURA also appears in the film doing construction work. The
second part covers the filmmaker’s return to Kotobuki in 2005. The last part shows Rey’s reunion with MANNY in 2011
and with WILLIE and MANNY in 2018 in California.
For this conference, the filmmaker would like to show a 15-minute version of the documentary.

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