Overview

概 説

Case Study Collection: “Good Practices on Hamamatsu Resolution”
I. Background: The Hamamatsu Resolution and Good Practice Categories
The Hamamatsu Resolution (hereinafter referred to as ‘the resolution’) was adopted at 2004 IFPRA World Congress inHamamatsu (20th IFPRA World Congress) in Hamamatsu, Japan. The Case Study Collection “Good Practices on Hamamatsu
Resolution” was created in order to spread the aim of the resolution and to link the resolution to actual projects. The
collection was compiled by IFPRA Japan under the supervision of the Promotion Committee of the Hamamatsu Resolution.
The resolution recognizes that now is the time to focus on the ‘green renaissance’ and to consider new capabilities1) for
green, parks and recreation. Accordingly, three good practice categories 2) (Table 1) were established as a means to realize
these capabilities.

Table 1. The Guidelines in the Hamamatsu Resolution: Good Practice Categories

Category 1

We shall actively utilize the multi-faceted value of green space and park resources topromote the creation of sustainable and livable communities from a long-term global
perspective.
To this end, it is our common responsibility to create environments which are founded on
harmony between people and nature.

Category 2

We shall actively work toward the creation of a new platform for community activities.
To achieve this goal we shall promote: the establishment of par tnerships amongcommunities, local governments, industry and related sectors; the implementation of
positive and attractive management plans; and the development of sustainable andadoptable technologies.

Category 3

We shall aim to achieve high quality and motivated park management by creating a strategic
framework which includes the development of talented young people.
Accordingly, we shall reconsider the value of parks and green spaces in order to establish a
new image of parks.

IFPRA Japan made a wide call for submissions of good practice case studies via the internet and leaflets. The editorial
policy for submissions was that case studies must introduce in a simple manner excellent examples of good practice thatreflect the aim of the resolution 3) . A call for submissions was also made by means of introductory articles in IFPRA
publications such as “Ifpra World” , and at the IFPRA congresses. In total forty-three 4) good practice examples werereceived. They include thirty-two in Japan, six in the United Kingdom, three in Australia, one in New Zealand and one
international case study as a joint practice of Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
Editing the examples involved displaying them under one of the three categories set down in the resolution (see thereference list to be mentioned later). Essentially the text remains unchanged from the original submissions and titles;
although for editorial consistency we have adjusted the length of some submissions. The text is written in both English andJapanese.
II. Approaches to Realize New Capabilities
The current era is regarded as being a dynamic period of transformation where lifestyles are changing to reflect increasing
concern not only for the global environment but for the local urban environment as well. For this reason the resolution
stresses the importance of making much of our green space and park resources to allow people and nature to exist inharmony. It also recognizes the importance of the various people working together to create sustainable and livablecommunities by utilizing the multi-faceted value of green space and park resources. Accordingly, the resolution is firmly
focused on motivating professionals in the green, park and recreation sectors. This emphasis is based on the view that aswell as encouraging professional development, it is also important to provide a foundation of skilled professionals aroundwhich partnerships can be established among the various stakeholders and organizations. The published case studies show
burgeoning new capabilities in the approaches set forth in the good practice categories of the resolution. We will reference
specific case studies below to explain the three good practice categories and the nine approaches. (Table 2. Keywords areshown for each category. In the text ‘No.’ refers to the case study number.)
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Table 1 . The Three Good Practice Categories and Nine Approaches■ Category 1 Keywords
Utilizing greens to create sustainable and livable communities/
Harmony between people and nature
Approach 1: Actively utilizing the multi-faceted value of green space and park resources to promote the creation ofsustainable and livable communities from a long-term global perspective.
In the current climate of increased concern for global and urban environments it is important to focus on the multi-faceted
functions and value of green space and park resources so as to use them to create sustainable and livable towns andcommunities. For example, Parks Victoria in Australia (No.2) paid attention to the healthy function of greenery, and adopted
Healthy Parks Healthy People as its organizational philosophy. This philosophy recognizes the importance of the provisionof ‘green nature’ such as parks for physical, mental and social wellbeing. Since adopting this philosophy, Parks Victoria has
undertaken a variety of relevant projects. Another such example is the Tamadaira-no-mori Nature Park in Japan (No.5). In
this case study an effort was made to preserve and utilize well-established trees as a legacy for future generations during
the reconstruction of a large-scale housing complex. Additionally, systems such as the Yokohama Green Tax (No.6) havebeen introduced in order to enable landowners to feel confident about retaining ownership of green spaces.
Approach 2: Recognizing the common responsibility to create environments which are founded on harmony between people
and nature.
In this ‘environmental era’ the underlying concept of environmental development is harmony between people and natureand those involved in green space and park development must focus their efforts on realizing such harmony. There aremany ways of achieving this. For example Hamamatsu City aims to create a pleasant urban living environment through the‘Hamamatsu, city of flowers and trees’ campaign (No. 1). In the Komorebi Hill case study (Showa Kinen National
Government Park) (No. 8) a hill was created artificially by piling up soils and planting trees with participation of volunteers.
In order to create environments founded on harmony between people and nature, we must carefully consider how toencompass the various aspects of planning and landscape design aimed at conserving the natural environment on a large
urban scale and on a smaller scale in individual spaces.

■ Category 2 Keywords
Developing platforms/Establishing partnerships/
Attractive management plans/Developing technology
Approach 3: Actively working towards the creation of a new platform for community activities.
The creation of a platforms for activities provides a new source of vitality by encouraging the sharing of knowledge andexperience, and fostering the exchange of information and opinions. For example, the Sapporo Flower Network (No.11) was
successful in its efforts to improve flower tourism in Hokkaido by creating a platform for flower-themed facilities and by
networking the flower sightseeing spots in the Sapporo area in order to publicize flower tourism and promote flower
sightseeing. In another example, the Promotion Committee for Green Environment, comprising citizens, experts, andrepresentatives of green related organizations was set up in the City of Matsudo (No.13) under the Basic Green Plan. As
well as making recommendations to local government, this committee also takes practical steps to get feasible proposals
off the ground and develop them to the point where they are self-sustaining ongoing projects.
Approach 4: Promoting the establishment of partnerships among communities, local governments, industry and related
sectors.
There is an increasing belief that creating partnerships and collaborative relationships among communities and a number oforganizations will lead to the development of high quality green spaces and parks which are rich in greenery and appreciatedby the community. For example, the Bankside Open Spaces Trust (BOST) in the United Kingdom (No.14) works toregenerate parks by creating opportunities for community involvement to improve and sustain open spaces, comprising ofparks, community gardens and playgrounds. In another example, the Maioka Park Den-En Koyato no Sato MaintenanceCommittee in Maioka Park (Yokohama City) (No.17) is the designated management entity for the nature experience facility
in the park and is involved in ecological conservation projects and note-worthy management operations such as agriculturalprojects, coppice forest maintenance projects, and activities such as charcoal making and straw crafts. This committee
also established the Maioka Park Charter to ensure that the park’ s philosophy is widely understood by volunteers andother stake-holders.
8Overview

概 説

Approach 5 : Promoting the implementation of positive and attractive management plans.
The implementation of an attractive management plan not only draws the attention of people in the community andinvigorates activities, but it may also lead to a large number of people taking a sustained interest in the future of a park. For
example, Shoin Tei Ceremonial Tea House in Hamamatsu City (No. 25) employs a unique style of operation in order to hostcultural activities based on the tea ceremony and to provide opportunities for people to learn about and experience
traditional Japanese culture. As a result the tea house is enjoyed by a large number of users. The Yokohama Greenery
Foundation (No.26) has been very successful in promoting collaboration among local government, communities, users,
volunteers, schools, local merchants’ associations, companies, and non-profit organizations, to conserve the Yamate
Seiyokan Residences, a group of historic and architecturally significant western-style houses, based on the policy‘conserving while actively using’.
Approach 6 : Promoting the development of sustainable and adoptable technologies.
The development of green technologies is clearly important in the current era of high sophistication across the entire
spectrum of hard and soft green technologies. Examples of technological developments include a means to realize
significant water savings using a computerized irrigation system which estimates irrigation requirements based on
meteorological data (Australia) (No.27) and a technology which uses IT devices to share real-time information with park
users (No.28).

■ Category 3 Keywords
High quality park management/Creating strategic systems with training opportunities/
Establishing a new image of parks
Approach 7 : Establishing a method of evaluation to support the development of high quality and motivated park
management.
The important factor in improving the value of green spaces and parks is the realization of high quality park management,
and this includes the establishment of a method to evaluate these management systems. Among the case studies which
embody this approach is one from Parks Victoria in Australia (No.29). In this case study they introduce their Level ofServices Framework (LOS), a tool developed in response to recreation and sight-seeing activities which supports theprioritization of resource allocation and investment decisions. An example from Japan is the external evaluation system
introduced in Shizuoka Prefecture (No.31) to assess whether park management during the designated management period(5 years) was consistent with the founding vision of urban parks from a user perspective.
Approach 8 : Creating a strategic framework which includes the development of talented young people.
To achieve high quality park management it is essential that the management systems have a strategic focus. This should
include mechanisms to make it attractive for talented young people to become involved and should have an emphasis on theprovision of training opportunities. It is vital that highly capable individuals are supported in their development in order topass skills down to the next generation. For example the Tokyo Metropolitan Park Association has been training garden
guide volunteers (No.34) to communicate the attractiveness of the gardens in the metropolitan area, including the gardensof feudal lords (daimyo) of the Edo era which have been designated as being important cultural assets and special places ofscenic beauty. In another case study the Parks and Recreation Foundation established the Qualified Park Administrator
Certification System (No. 36) in order to develop personnel who have the relevant business knowledge and experience, as
well as practical competency in management operations, required for park administration.
Approach 9 : Re-assessing the value of parks and green spaces in order to establish a new image of parks.
By re-assessing the value of parks and green spaces we will be able to build an image of parks suited to the new era. For
example, Mile End Park in London (No. 42) was a remote deteriorated park until it was transformed into an attractive safe
park as part of a park revitalization project undertaken by a partnership of various concerned people and organizations.
Case studies from Coalshaw Green Park (No.41) and Lister Park (No.43) in the United Kingdom are examples of projects
with an emphasis on community participation and programs.

9III. Summary
We can understand the context that underpins the three good practice categories of the resolution in such a way as follows.
In category one it is apparent that the objective is to create sustainable and livable communities based on harmony between
people and nature. In category two it is proposed that in order to achieve this it is particularly important to create a platform
for activities, establish partnerships, and develop new technologies. In category three the need to realize quality park
management of green, parks and recreation and the importance of creating a strategic framework to provide training for the
next generation is addressed. Finally, all three categories are summarized by stressing the importance of re-assessing thevalue of parks and green spaces in order to help us create a new image of parks relevant to today.
Green, parks and recreation have always had a variety of roles and a somewhat holistic existence, so it is perhaps best to
think of the above context as being an example of the broad trends. Each individual case study has a variety of aspects to it
and the details may relate to more than one of the good practice categories.
As you read through them, the case studies should prove to be useful reference documents full of practical examples
regarding matters such as how to implement park restoration plans; how to realize participation of citizens in the planning
process to best reflect their opinions; how to work closely with the community; and how to access various sources of funding
such as subsidies, donations and lottery grants. Overall, the good practice case studies in this collection show that new
capabilities are steadily being realized for green spaces, parks and recreation.
Lastly, we would like to express our thanks to the many people and organizations that assisted us in the compilation andediting of this collection. In particular we would like to thank Parks Victoria (Australia) and GreenSpace (the United Kingdom)
for submitting case studies from overseas, as well as IFPRA headquarter and Mr.Alan Smith, Chief Executive of IFPRA, forusing their international network to call for submissions. Finally, we would like to express our thanks to Mr. Torgeir Sorensen,
President of IFPRA, and Mr.Rob Small, Past President of IFPRA, for their messages.
Note １） The term ‘capability’ is used in the subheading and other sections of the resolution. Lancelot Brown (1716-83)
was a British landscape architect whose notable works include the Stowe Landscape Gardens and the Blenheim
Palace Gardens, and who came to be fondly known as “Capability Brown” because whenever asked to plan agarden he would reply ‘this land has capability’. The term ‘capability’ in the Hamamatsu Resolution was used toshow respect for this pioneer of landscape gardening and to express our resolve to realize new capabilities.
(Reference: OKAZAKI Ayaakira (1982). The History of Landscape Gardening II, Dohosha Publishing Co., Ltd.)2) The three good practice categories from the Hamamatsu Resolution say essentially the same thing in English andJapanese although there are slight differences in the way the meaning is expressed. The publication is based on
the descriptions of the Japanese version.
3) The following is a summary of the call for submissions:• Content : A case study related to the administration and/or management of parks, green spaces and recreation
facilities which reflects the intent of one of the three good practice categories of the Hamamatsu Resolution.
• Qualifications: Submissions will be accepted from local government groups, administrative bodies, designatedpark manager, nonprofit organizations, volunteer groups, schools, and private companies etc., who are involved in
the administration and/or management of green spaces, parks and recreation.
• Method: Please make submissions via the IFPRA Japan website （http://ifpra.jp）. Each submission should include
a Good Practice Outline (approx. 300 words), the name of your organization, contact details, photographs andrelated materials. The categories are based on the principles of good practice from the Hamamatsu Resolution.
Please see our website for further application details.
The submitted case studies appeared on the IFPRA Japan website.
In
total
there were 11 submissions from overseas including five case studies from Parks Victoria (Australia) (No.2,
4)
No.27, No.29, No.30, No.33) and six case studies from GreenSpace (the United Kingdom) （No.14, No.15, No.16,
No.41, No.42, No.43） .
(Prepared by: IFPRA Japan）

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