PRODUCTLINE CATALOG

Tomorrow’s Reagents Manufactured Today®

International Edition

Polyphenols
Flavonoids – Stilbenoids – Phenolic Acids
CONTENTS:• Flavones & Isoflavones• Flavanones• Flavonols• Flavanols• Anthocyanidins• Chalcones• Stilbenoids• Phenolic Acids
www.alexis-biochemicals.com

2International Edition

Introduction

Polyphenols, a large class of chemicals which
are found in plants, have attracted much attention in the last decades due to their properties and the hope that they will show beneficial health effects, when taken as a dietary input or as complement [1]. Phenolic compounds
constitute one of the most extensive group ofchemicals in the plant kingdom. It is estimatedthat more than 8000 compounds have been
isolated and described [2].
Polyphenols are polyhydroxylated phytochemicals, which have common structures. They canbe subdivided in three main subclasses, the flavonoids, phenolic acids, and the stilbenoids.
By far most isolated compounds belong to thesubclass of the flavonoids.
Flavonoids are characterized as containing
two or more aromatic rings, each bearing one
or more phenolic hydroxyl groups, and connected by a carbon bridge [3, 4]. One aromaticring (A ring) is connected to the second aromatic ring (B ring) by a carbon bridge which
consists of three carbon atoms. When the threecarbon chain is connected to a hydroxyl groupfrom A, the formed structure become cyclic (Cring), as a 6-membered ring. Most flavonoids
bear this type of phenylbenzopyrane structure: they have further been subdivided into
subclasses, based on the position of the B ring
relative to the C ring, as well as the functionalgroups (ketones, hydroxyls) and presence of adouble bond or not in the C ring. These subclasses are termed flavones, isoflavones andisoflavanes, flavanones, flavanols, anthocyanidins, chalcones and dihydrochalcones. The
flavanols themselves are subdivided into monomers (catechins) and polymers (proanthocyanidins, theaflavins and thearubigins) [4].
Phenolic acids are usually divided in two maingroups. They are derived from benzoic acids,
containing seven carbon atoms, or from cinnamic acids, comprising nine carbon atoms[5]. All these compounds are hydroxylated. The
main representative isolated compounds are
gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic
acid, p-coumaric acid, and gentisic acid.
The smaller subclass of stilbenoids comprises
polyhydroxylated stilbenes, the main representative being resveratrol.
All these polyphenols are found in plants, esterified with glucose and other carbohydrates(glycosides) or as free aglycones. This contributes to their complexity and the huge numberof individual substances which have been isolated and identified. Dietary polyphenols havebeen isolated from fruits (berries, apples, citrus, cherries); vegetables (onion [6], celery, beerhops, soy beans); herbs, roots, spices (gingko,
turmeric); green and black tea; red wine.

It is known that consumption of flavonoid-richfoods, especially fruit and vegetables, translates
into benefits on human health: epidemiologicalstudies have found associations between lower incidence of heart disease, cancer, gastrointestinal and neurological diseases, liver diseases, atherosclerosis, obesity and allergies [2, 5,7-9]. Polyphenols are potent antioxidants; they
are able to scavenge free radicals. It was firstthought that the health benefits associatedwith the consumption of dietary polyphenols
were due to antioxidant mechanisms. There isconflicting evidence however on how great thecontribution of the total antioxidant capacity
in human plasma results in increased antioxidant protection of lipids and proteins. Because
those natural products generally have limitedbioavailability and reach at best low micromolar concentrations in plasma, one can conclude
that polyphenols are unlikely to make a significant contribution to the antioxidant capacity ofhuman plasma [3, 10]. Other limiting factors area low solubility of the aglycones (often less than
20mg/ml water), low absorption, and a rapid
metabolism. Many of the positive effects were
demonstrated in vitro and research has been
done on animal populations, therefore the benefits on humans remain uncertain. Poor bioavailability of polyphenols, usually in a rangeof 2-20%, makes it even more difficult to draw
clear conclusions and relevant data from small

Polyphenol Subclasses

P O LY P H E N O L S

Flavonoids

Stilbenoids- Flavones- Polyhydroxylated Stilbenes~ Resveratrol Analogs- Isoflavones + Isoflavanes- Flavanones- Flavonols- Flavanols- Monomers ~ Catechins- Polymers ~ Proanthocyanidins~ Condensed Tannins~ Theaflavins~ Thearubigins- Anthocyanidins- Chalcones + Dihydrochalcones

Phenolic Acids- Derived from Cinnamic acidor Benzoic acid
- Chlorogenic acid- Caffeic acid
- Ferulic acid
- p-Coumarinic acid
- Gentisic acid
- Gallic acidFor updated prices and additional information visit www.alexis-biochemicals.com, contact your local distributor, or call +41 61 926 89 89.

3International Edition

General Structures Overview

Antioxidants
Anti-carcinogenic

Pro-oxidants
Antitoxic

Apoptosis

Antibacterial

Flavones

Oxidative Stress
Antiviral
LDL Oxidation
Anti-allergic

Polyphenols

Multidrug
Resistance

Isoflavones

Anti-inflammatory
Anti-mutagenic
Anti -ischemic

Plant Biology

Free Radicals/Scavengers
Lipid Lowering

Flavanones

Toxicity
Cytotoxicity

EnzymeInhibition/Regulation
Flavonols

the gastrointestinal tract against damage byreactive species present in foods or generated
within the stomach and intestines. The overall
health benefit of flavonoids is uncertain, andconsumption of large quantities of them in fortified foods or supplements should not yet be
encouraged.”

Catechins

Literature References[1] Commentary: bioavailability of flavonoids and polyphenols:
call to arms: M. Hu; Mol. Pharm. 4, 803 (2007)[2] Effects of dietary flavonoids on apoptotic pathways related to cancer chemoprevention: S. Ramos; J. Nutr. Biochem. 18,427 (2007)

Proanthocyanidins[3] Consumption of flavonoid-rich foods and increased plasma antioxidant capacity in humans: cause, consequence, or
epiphenomenon?: S. B. Lotito & B. Frei; Free Radic. Biol. Med.
41, 1727 (2006)[4] Overview of dietary flavonoids: nomenclature, occurrence
and intake: G. R. Beecher; J. Nutr. 133, 3248S (2003)

Anthocyanidins[5] New insights on the anticancer properties of dietary polyphenols: P. Fresco, et al.; Med. Res. Rev. 26, 747 (2006)[6] Onions: a source of unique dietary flavonoids: R. Slimestad,et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 55, 10067 (2007)

OR[7] Antioxidant activity of tea polyphenols in vivo: evidence fromanimal studies: B. Frei & J. V. Higdon; J. Nutr. 133, 3275S (2003)[8] Polyphenols and cancer cell growth: M. Kampa, et al.; Rev.
Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 159, 79 (2007)

OH
RO[9] Green tea polyphenols: biology and therapeutic implications
in cancer: S. Shankar, et al.; Front. Biosci. 12, 4881 (2007)

O

Chalcones[10] Plant polyphenols: how to translate their in vitro antioxidant actions to in vivo conditions: C. G. Fraga; IUBMB Life 59,308 (2007)[11] Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules?: R. J. Williams, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36, 838 (2004)[12] Beneficial action of Citrus flavonoids on multiple cancerrelated biological pathways: O. Benavente-Garcia, et al.; Curr.
Cancer Drug Targets 7, 795 (2007)

Stilbenoids[13] Reading the tea leaves: anticarcinogenic properties of(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: J. R. Carlson, et al.; Mayo Clin.
Proc. 82, 725 (2007)[14] Overview of antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral, and antifungal activities of tea flavonoids and teas: M. Friedman; Mol. Nutr.
Food Res. 51, 116 (2007)[15] Dietary polyphenols: good, bad, or indifferent for yourhealth?: B. Halliwell; Cardiovasc. Res. 73, 341 (2007)

Benzoic acid

Cinnamic acid

P O LY P H E N O L S

clinical trials [1]. It is also believed, but has notbeen conclusively proven, that the metabolites
are less or barely biologically active.
Nevertheless, there is mounting evidence andan accumulating number of studies which report the neuroprotective, cardioprotective andchemopreventive actions of dietary polyphenols. Despite the major focus on the antioxidant
properties, there is an emerging belief that flavonoids and other polyphenols, and their metabolites, do not act as antioxidants, but mayexert modulatory actions in cells through actions at protein kinase and lipid kinase signalling pathways [11]. Polyphenols from green tea
exert their effect on multiple signalling pathways and regulate cell cycle proteins (Cyclin D1
as an example), protein kinases (e.g. IKK, Akt,
MAPK), growth factors (e.g. EGF, HER-2), transcription factors (e.g. NF-κB, PPAR, p53), proapoptotic proteins (caspases, PARP, Bax andBak) and anti-apoptotic proteins (e.g. Bcl-2,
Bcl-Xl, TRAF1) [9]. Enzyme inhibition, modulation of signalling cascades, interaction with oncoproteins, nucleic acids and nucleoproteins,
antiproliferative activity, induction of apoptosis, metal chelation, these actions all provide
insights into the beneficial health effects ofpolyphenols [7, 8, 12, 13]. A good deal of therecent research has been conducted on citrus
flavonoids and on polyphenols found in green
tea. Antibacterial, antitoxin, antiviral and antifungal activities of those compounds havebeen demonstrated [14].
As concluding remarks we would like to cite
Halliwell and his word of caution [15]: “Flavonoids and other polyphenolic compounds havepowerful antioxidant effect in vitro in many test
systems, but can act as pro-oxidants in someothers. Whether pro-oxidant, antioxidant, or
any of the many other biological effects potentially exerted by flavonoids account for orcontribute to the health benefits of diets richin plant-derived foods and beverages is uncertain. Phenolic compounds may help to protect

4International Edition

Flavones

4’-Amino-6-hydroxyflavone

Chrysin

Nobiletin[Aminogenistein][5,7-Dihydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-021-M001
1 mg
Inhibitor of the p56lck protein-tyrosine kinase.

ALX-385-009-G001
1g
Antioxidant flavonoid. Shows anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Induces apoptosis.

ALX-385-026-M010
10 mg
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Inhibits
mitogen-activated protein kinase MEK. Suppresses the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 3 and 9. Suppresses NF-κB
transcriptional activation, nitric oxide (NO)and PGE2 production, inducible nitric oxide(iNOS; NOS II) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)
expression.

LIT: Synthesis and protein-tyrosine
kinase inhibitory activities of flavonoid analogues: M. Cushman, et al.; J.
Med. Chem. 34, 798 (1991)  Expression of p56lck in B-cell neoplasias: A.
Von Knethen, et al.; Leuk. Lymphoma
26, 551 (1997)

Apigenin[4’, 5,7-Trihydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-008-M010
10 mg
ALX-385-008-M050
50 mg
Synthetic. Antioxidant flavonoid. Has chemopreventive and antitumor properties. Induces
apoptosis. MAP kinase (MAPK/ERK) inhibitor.
Inhibits hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) andvascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.
LIT: Apigenin inhibits tumor angiogenesis through decreasing HIF1alpha and VEGF expression: J. Fang, et al.; Carcinogenesis 28, 858(2007)  Apigenin-induced cell cycle arrest is mediated by modulation of MAPK, PI3K-Akt, and lossof cyclin D1 associated retinoblastoma dephosphorylation in humanprostate cancer cells: S. Shukla & S.
Gupta; Cell Cycle 6, 1102 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

Diosmin[3’,5,7-Trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone 7-rutinoside]

ALX-385-031-G005
5g
ALX-385-031-G025
25 g
Isolated from Citrus aurantium L. and Citrus reticulate Blanca. Flavonoid glycoside. Reduces
venous hyperpressure. Reduces capillary hyperpermeability and the expression of endothelial adhesion molecules (ICAM1, VCAM1).
Effectively inhibits the P-glycoprotein (Pgp)mediated efflux in cells. Anti-inflammatory.
LIT: The effect of diosmin hesperidin on intestinal ischaemia--reperfusion injury: M. Pehlivan, et al.; Acta Chir. Belg. 104, 715 (2004) Treatment of metastatic melanoma B16F10 by the flavonoids tanHOO CH
geretin, rutin, anddiosmin: C. Martinez Conesa, etal.; J. Agric. FoodO
Chem. 53, 6791
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(2005)  For aO
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comprehensive HO
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please visit our
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website.
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Baicalein[5,6,7-Trihydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-022-M005
5 mg
ALX-385-022-M025
25 mg
Inhibitor of 12-lipoxygenase, leukotriene biosynthesis and the release of lysosomal enzymes. Inhibits cellular Ca2+ uptake and calcium mobilization. Inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase in leukemia (CEM) cells. Inducescell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Anti-inflammatory compound. Has anti-thrombotic, anti-proliferative and anti-mitogenic effects.
LIT: Inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity by a flavonoid compound, 5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone: K. Ono, et al.; BBRC 160, 982 (1989) 
Protective effects of baicalein against cell damage by reactive oxygen
species: D. Gao, et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 46, 1383 (1998) Mechanisms in mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin
and baicalein in human leukocytes: Y.C. Shen, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 465, 171 (2003)  Baicalein induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human lung squamous carcinoma CH27 cells: H.Z. Lee, et al.;
Anticancer Res. 25, 959 (2005)  Baicalein
inhibition of hydrogen peroxide-induced
apoptosis via ROS-dependent heme oxygenase 1 gene expression: H.Y. Lin, et al.;Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1773, 1073 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

P O LY P H E N O L S

LIT: Chrysin-induced apoptosis is mediated through caspase activation and Akt inactivation in U937 leukemia cells: K.J. Woo, et al.;BBRC 325, 1215 (2004)  Chrysin inhibits expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha through reducing
hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha stability
and inhibiting its protein synthesis: B. Fu,
et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 6, 220 (2007)  For acomprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

4’-Bromoflavone[4’-Bromo-2-phenylbenzopyran]

3

Luteolin[3’,4’,5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-007-M010
10 mg
ALX-385-007-M050
50 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Inhibits VEGF-induced
angiogenesis. Inhibitor of phosphoinositide
3-kinase (PI(3)K). Inhibitor of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Apoptosis inducer.
LIT: Luteolin inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor-induced
angiogenesis; inhibition of endothelial cell survival and proliferation by targeting phosphatidylinositol 3’-kinase activity: E. Bagli,
et al.; Cancer Res. 64, 7936 (2004)  Pharmacological inhibitors of
Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)--catalyzed
endogenous fatty acid biogenesis: a
new family of anti-cancer agents?: R.
Lupu & J. A. Menendez; Curr. Pharm.
Biotechnol. 7, 483 (2006)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

LIT: A citrus polymethoxyflavonoid, nobiletin, is a novel MEK
inhibitor that exhibits antitumor metastasis in human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cells: Y. Miyata,
et al.; BBRC 366, 168 (2008)  For
a comprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

Tangeretin[4’, 5,6,7,8-Pentamethoxyflavone; Ponkanetin]

ALX-385-027-M010
10 mg
Flavonoid. Induces G1 cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. Inhibits cell proliferation in several
cancer lines. Reduces elevation of blood pressure and plasma glucose levels.
LIT: Tangeretin suppresses IL-1beta-induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2
expression through inhibition of p38 MAPK, JNK, and AKT activationin human lung carcinoma cells: K.H. Chen, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 73, 215 (2007)  Tangeretin
and nobiletin induce G1 cell cyO
CH
CH
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cle arrest but not apoptosis inOhuman breast and colon canO
cer cells: K.L. Morley, et al.; Cancer Lett. 251, 168 (2007)  For a H C O
comprehensive bibliography
O
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please visit our website.
3

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Wogonin[5,7-Dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone]

ALX-385-033-M005
5 mg
ALX-385-033-M025
25 mg
Isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis. Cellpermeable and orally available flavonoid.
Induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Anti-inflammatory. Suppresses the release of nitric oxide (NO) by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II), PGE2 by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), proinflammatory cytokines,
MCP-1 gene expression and NF-κB activation. Antioxidant.
LIT: Wogonin preferentially kills malignant lymphocytes andsuppresses T-cell tumor growth by inducing PLC{gamma}1and Ca2+-dependent apoptosis: S. Baumann, et al.; Blood 111,
2354 (2007)  Wogonin prevents gluHC
cocorticoid-induced thymocyte apO
optosis without diminishing its anti- HOOinflammatory action : R. Enomoto, etal.; J. Pharmacol. Sci. 104, 355 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography
OOH
please visit our website.
3

ALX-385-029-G001
1g
Synthetic. Chemopreventive compound. Potent inducer of phase II detoxifying enzymes.
LIT: Simple vs. complex inheritance of inducible aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inmouse tissues: K. Burki, et al.; Biochem.
Genet. 13, 417 (1975)  Cancer chemopreventive activity mediated by 4’-bromoflavone, a potent inducer of phase II
detoxification enzymes: L.L. Song, et al.;Cancer Res. 59, 578 (1999)

Flavones

For updated prices and additional information visit www.alexis-biochemicals.com, contact your local distributor, or call +41 61 926 89 89.

5International Edition

Isoflavones

Daidzein

Formononetin (high purity)

Neobavaisoflavone[4’, 7-Dihydroxyisoflavone][7-Hydroxy-4’-methoxyisoflavone (high purity)]

ALX-350-009-M010
10 mg
ALX-350-009-M025
25 mg
ALX-350-009-M050
50 mg
Synthetic. Inactive analog of the tyrosine kinase
inhibitor genistein (Prod. No. ALX-350-006).
Shows anti-inflammatory effect.

ALX-270-312-M005
5 mg
Interacts with human estrogen receptors
with low potency. Enhances IL-4 production in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibits
lecithin peroxidation induced by hydroxyl
radicals. Selective inhibitor of the γ-isoform
of alcohol dehydrogenase. Antioxidant.

ALX-350-146-M001
1 mg
Isolated from plant Psoralea corylifolia. Inhibits
platelet aggregation. DNA polymerase inhibitor. Shows antifungal activity.

Daidzin[Daidzein-7-O-glucoside]

ALX-350-248-M002
2 mg
ALX-350-248-M010
10 mg
Glucoside of the isoflavone daidzein (Prod. No.
ALX-350-009) found in soy beans.
LIT: Metabolism of puerarin and daidzin by human intestinal bacteria and their relation to in vitro cytotoxicity: D.H. Kim, et al.; Biol.
Pharm. Bull. 21, 628 (1998)  Daidzin and its antidipsotropic analogs
inhibit serotonin and dopamine metabolism in isolated mitochondria: W.M. Keung & B.L. Vallee; PNAS 95, 2198 (1998) Daidzein and genistein but
not their glucosides are absorbed from the rat stomach:
M.K. Piskula, et al.; FEBS Lett.
447, 287 (1999)(R,S)-Equol[(±)-Equol; 4’, 7-Dihydroxyisoflavane]

ALX-385-032-M005
5 mg
ALX-385-032-M025
25 mg
Flavonoid. Racemic mixture. Urinary metabolite of daidzein. Inhibits 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced neoplastic
cell transformation by targeting the MEK/ERK/
p90RSK/activator protein-1 signalling pathway. Shows positive effects on the incidenceof prostate cancer and physiological changes
after menopause. Functions as a DHT blocker. Preferentially activates estrogen receptor
β (ERβ).
LIT: Equol is a novel anti-androgen that inhibits prostate growth andhormone feedback: T.D. Lund, et al.; Biol. Reprod. 70, 1188 (2004) 
Phytoestrogens and their human metabolites show distinct agonistic and antagonistic properties on estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and ERbeta in human cells: S.O. Mueller, et al.; Toxicol. Sci. 80,
14 (2004)  Isoflavones, equol and cardiovascular disease: pharmacological and therapeutic insights: K.A. Jackman, et al.; Curr. Med.
Chem. 14, 2824 (2007)  Equol, a metabolite of the soybean isoflavone daidzein, inhibits neoplastic cell transformation by targeting
the MEK/ERK/p90RSK/activator proOH
tein-1 pathway: N.J. Kang, et al.; J. Biol.
Chem. 282, 32856 (2007)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.
O
HO

LIT: Antioxidant activity of phytoestrogenic isoflavones: M.B.
Ruiz-Larrea, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 26, 63 (1997)  Inhibitory effects of isoflavones on lipid peroxidation by reactive oxygen
species: S. Toda and Y. Shirataki; Phytother. Res. 13, 163 (1999) 
Formononetin, a phyto-oestrogen, and its metabolites up-regulate interleukin-4 production in activated T cells via increased
AP-1 DNA binding activity: J.
Park, et al.; Immunology 116,
71 (2005)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

Genistein (synthetic)[4’,5,7-Trihydroxyisoflavone]

ALX-350-006-M010
10 mg
ALX-350-006-M025
25 mg
ALX-350-006-M050
50 mg
ALX-350-006-M100
100 mg
ALX-350-006-G001
1g
Synthetic. Tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor. Inhibits phosphorylation of EGFR kinase. Inhibits tumor cell proliferation and induces tumor
cell differentiation. Inhibits topoisomerase IIactivity in vivo. Produces cell cycle arrest andapoptosis. Direct inhibitor of insulin-induced
glucose uptake in adipocytes (IC50=20μM).
LIT: Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases:
T. Akiyama, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5592 (1987)  Mechanisms ofcancer chemoprevention by soy isoflavone genistein: F.H. Sarkar & Y.
Li; Cancer Metastasis Rev. 21, 265 (2002)  Genistein directly inhibits
GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: M. Bazuine,
et al.; BBRC 325, 511 (2005)  The role of genistein and synthetic derivatives of isoflavone in cancer prevention and therapy: F.H. Sarkar, et al.; Mini
Rev. Med. Chem. 6, 401 (2006)  For acomprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

Puerarin[NPI-031G]

ALX-350-249-M005
5 mg
Isolated from Kudzu root. Biologically active
isoflavone. Affects serotonin levels and platelet aggregation in blood cells. 5-HT2c antagonist. Antibacterial. Displays cardioprotective effects. Induces apoptosis.
LIT: Daidzin and its antidipsotropic analogs inhibit serotonin anddopamine metabolism in isolated mitochondria: W.M. Keung & B.L.
Vallee; PNAS 95, 2198 (1998)  NPI-031G (puerarin) reduces anxiogenic effects of alcohol withdrawal or benzodiazepine inverse or
5-HT2C agonists: D.H. Overstreet, et al.; Pharmacol. Biochem. Behav.
75, 619 (2003)  Puerarin reduces increased c-fos, c-jun, and typeIV collagen expression caused by high glucose in glomerular mesangial cells: C.P. Mao & Z.L. Gu; Acta Pharmacol. Sin. 26, 982 (2005)
 Induction of apoptosis by puerarin in colon cancer HT-29 cells:
Z. Yu & W. L; Cancer Lett. 238, 53(2006)  Opening the calcium-activated potassium channel participates in the cardioprotective effect of puerarin: Q. Gao, et al.; Eur.
J. Pharmacol. 574, 179 (2007)  For
a comprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

Genistin[Genistein-7-O-glucoside]

ALX-350-247-M010
10 mg
Glucoside of genistein (Prod. No. ALX-350-006)
found in soy beans. Useful as a negative control for genistein and other tyrosine kinase
inhibitors. Selective inhibitor of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase (TdT). Displays
antioxidant and anticarcinogenic properties.
LIT: Selective inhibitors of terminal deoxyribonucleotidyltransferase(TdT): baicalin and genistin: Y. Uchiyama, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta
1725, 298 (2005)  Genistin inhibits UV light-induced plasmid DNA
damage and cell growth in human melanoma cells: A. Russo, et al.;J. Nutr. Biochem. 17, 103 (2006)  Pro-apoptotic effect and cytotoxicity of genistein and genistin in human ovarian cancer
SK-OV-3 cells: E.J. Choi, etal.; Life Sci. 80, 1403 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our
website.

Isoflavones

P O LY P H E N O L S

LIT: Genistein, a specific inhibitor of tyrosine-specific protein kinases: T. Akiyama, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 262, 5592 (1987)  Genistein anddaidzein, and their ß-glycoside conjugates: anti-tumor isoflavonesin soybean foods from American and Asian diets: L. Coward, et al.;J. Agric. Food Chem. 41, 1961 (1993)  Daidzein inhibits insulin- or
insulin-like growth factor-1-mediated signaling in cell cycle progression of Swiss 3T3 cells: K. Higashi and H. Ogawara; Biochim. Biophys.
Acta 1221, 29 (1994)  Decreased circulating levels of tumor necrosis
factor-alpha in postmenopausal women during consumption of soycontaining isoflavones: Y. Huang, et al.; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 90,
3956 (2005)  Clinical review: a critical evaluation of the role of soyprotein and isoflavone supplementation in the control of plasmacholesterol concentrations: A. Dewell,
et al.; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 91, 772(2006)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

LIT: Prenylated isoflavanone from the roots of Erythrina sigmoidea:
A.E. Nkengfack, et al.; Phytochemistry 36, 1047 (1994)  Antiplatelet
flavonoids from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia: W.J. Tsai, et al.; J. Nat.
Prod. 59, 671 (1996)  DNA polymerase and topoisomerase II inhibitors from Psoralea corylifolia: N.J. Sun, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 61, 362 (1998)
 Studies on the chemical constituents of Psoralea corylifolia
L.: B. Ruan, et al.; J. Asian Nat.
Prod. Res. 9, 41 (2007)

6

International Edition

Flavanones

Bavachin

Isoxanthohumol(+)-Taxifolin

ALX-350-147-MC05
0.5 mgIsolated from plant Psoralea corylifolia. Weakantioxidant. Antimutagenic. Stimulates boneformation and has potential activity against
osteoporosis. Shows inhibitory activities
against the antigen-induced degranulation
and weak estrogen-like activity.

ALX-350-279-M001
1 mg
Synthetic. Prenylated flavonoid. Phytoestrogen. Induces apoptosis in mature adipocytes.

[(+)-Dihydroquercetin; (+)-3,3’, 4’, 5,7-Pentahydroxyflavanone;
Taxifoliol; Distylin; Catechin hydrate]

LIT: Antiplatelet flavonoids from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia: W.J.
Tsai, et al.; J. Nat. Prod. 59, 671 (1996)  Osteoblastic proliferation
stimulating activity of Psoralea corylifolia extracts and two of its flavonoids: D. Wang, et al.; Planta Med. 67, 748 (2001)  Antioxidative
components of Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae): H. Haraguchi, etal.; Phytother. Res. 16, 539 (2002)  Bioactive constituents from Chinese natural medicines. XX. Inhibitors of antigen-induced degranulation in RBL-2H3 cells from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia: H.
Matsuda, et al.; Chem. Pharm. Bull. (Tokyo) 55, 106 (2007)  Synthesis of four natural prenylflavonoids and their estrogen-like
activities: X. Dong, et al.; Arch.
Pharm. (Weinheim) 340, 372(2007)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

(±)-Hesperetin[(±)-3’,5,7-Trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavanone]

ALX-385-011-G001
1g
Antioxidant flavonoid. Induces G1-phase cell
cycle arrest. Anti-inflammatory. Suppresses
NF-κB activation. Reduces cholesterol biosynthesis. Inhibits lipid peroxidation. Neuroprotective against neuronal oxidative damage.
LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20,
933 (1996)  Lipid-lowering efficacy of hesperetin metabolites inhigh-cholesterol fed rats: H. K. Kim, et al.; Clin. Chim. Acta 327, 129(2003)  Antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperidin andits aglycone hesperetin: J. Cho; Arch. Pharm. Res. 29, 699 (2006) 
Modulation of the age-related nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway by hesperetin: J. Y. Kim, et al.; Aging Cell 5, 401 (2006)  Hesperetin Induced G1-Phase Cell Cycle Arrest in
Human Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells: Involvement of CDK4 and p21: E.J. Choi;
Nutr. Cancer 59, 115 (2007)8-Isopentenylnaringenin[8-Prenylnaringenin]

P O LY P H E N O L S

ALX-385-025-M005
5 mg
Isolated from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) Prenyl flavonoid. Phytoestrogen. Selective, nonsteroidal estrogen receptor α (ERα) ligand. Potent inhibitor of angiogenesis in vitro and invivo. Chemopreventive agent against cancer
induced by heterocyclic amines.
LIT: Prenylflavonoids: a new class of non-steroidal phytoestrogen(Part 2). Estrogenic effects of 8-isopentenylnaringenin on bone metabolism: M. Miyamoto, et al.; Planta Med. 64, 516 (1998)  Identification of a potent phytoestrogen in hops (Humulus lupulus L.) andbeer: S.R. Milligan, et al.; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 84, 2249 (1999)
 The endocrine activities of 8-prenylnaringenin and related hop(Humulus lupulus L.) flavonoids: S.R. Milligan, et al.; J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 85, 4912 (2000)  8-prenylnaringenin, a novel phytoestrogen, inhibits angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo: M.S. Pepper,
et al.; J. Cell Physiol. 199, 98 (2004) 
8-Prenylnaringenin, inhibits estrogen
receptor-alpha mediated cell growthand induces apoptosis in MCF-7 breast
cancer cells: E. Brunelli, et al.; J. Steroid
Biochem. Mol. Biol. 107, 140 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

LIT: Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer:
to your good health!: J.F. Stevens & J.E. Page; Phytochemistry 65,1317 (2004)  The prenylflavonoid isoxanthohumol from hops (Humulus lupulus L.) is activated into thepotent phytoestrogen 8-prenylnaringenin in vitro and in the human intestine: S. Possemiers, et al.; J. Nutr. 136,
1862 (2006)  Effect of xanthohumol
and isoxanthohumol on 3T3-L1 cell
apoptosis and adipogenesis: J.Y. Yang,et al.; Apoptosis 12, 1953 (2007)  For acomprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

(±)-Naringenin[(±)-4’,5,7-Trihydroxyflavanone]

ALX-385-010-G001
1g
Antioxidant flavonoid. Has anti-inflammatory and antitumor properties. Induces apoptosis. Stimulates DNA repair following oxidative damage. Inhibits the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI(3)K).
LIT: Naringenin inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes: A. W. Harmon & Y. M. Patel; BBRC
305, 229 (2003)  The citrus flavonoid naringenin stimulates DNA
repair in prostate cancer cells: K. Gao, et al.; J. Nutr. Biochem. 17, 89(2006)  Naringenin-induced apoptosis via activation of NF-kappaB
and necrosis involving the loss of ATP in human promyeloleukemia
HL-60 cells: S. Kanno, et al.; Toxicol. Lett.
166, 131 (2006)  Inhibitory effect ofnaringenin chalcone on inflammatorychanges in the interaction between adipocytes and macrophages: S. Hirai, etal.; Life Sci. 81, 1272 (2007)

Silybin[Silibinin]

ALX-350-346-G001
1g
ALX-350-346-G005
5g
Originally isolated from Silybum marianum.
Flavenoid. Anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective and anti-cancer compound. Shows
chemopreventive effect against skin cancer. Inhibits mitogen-activated protein
kinase (MAPK). Inhibits P-glycoprotein(Pgp)-mediated cellular efflux. Inhibits cytochrome P450 enzyme. Apoptosis inducer. Blocks the production of superoxide in
Kupffer cells (EC50=100μM). Antioxidant.
Free radical scavenger. Radiation-protective agent.
LIT: The flavanolignan silybin and its hemisynthetic derivatives,a novel series of potential modulators of P-glycoprotein: M.
Maitrejean, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 10, 157 (2000)  Silibinin upregulates the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase
inhibitors and causes cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in humancolon carcinoma HT-29 cells: C. Agarwal, et al.; Oncogene 22,8271 (2003)  Silibinin protects against photocarcinogenesis via
modulation of cell cycle regulators, mitogen-activated protein
kinases, and Akt signaling: G. Mallikarjuna, et al.; Cancer Res. 64,
6349 (2004)  Silibinin impairs constitutively active TGFalphaEGFR autocrine loop in advanced human prostate carcinoma
cells: A. Tyagi, et al.;Pharm. Res. Epubahead of print,(2008)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

ALX-385-018-M010
10 mg
ALX-385-018-M050
50 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Anti-inflammatorycompound. Chemopreventive agent. Decreases hepatic lipid synthesis.
LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20,
933 (1996)  Modulation of hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and secretion by taxifolin, a plant flavonoid: A. Theriault, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 41,
1969 (2000)  Prevention of macrophage adhesion molecule-1 (Mac1)-dependent neutrophil firm adhesion by taxifolin through impairment of protein kinase-dependent NADPH oxidase activation andantagonism of G protein-mediated calcium influx: Y.H. Wang, et al.; Biochem.
Pharmacol. 67, 2251 (2004)  The chemopreventive effect of taxifolin is exerted through ARE-dependent gene
regulation: S.B. Lee, et al.; Biol. Pharm.
Bull. 30, 1074 (2007)(±)-Taxifolin[(±)-Dihydroquercetin; (±)-3,3’, 4’, 5,7-Pentahydroxyflavanone;
Taxifoliol; Distylin; Catechin hydrate]

ALX-385-006-M010
ALX-385-006-M050
Antioxidant flavonoid.

10 mg
50 mg

LIT: Suppression of active oxygen-induced cytotoxicity by flavonoids:
T. Nakayama, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 45, 265 (1993)  Suppressionof hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity by polyphenols: T. Nakayama;
Cancer Res. 54, 1991s (1994)  Interaction of flavonoids with ascorbate and determination of their univalent redox potentials: a pulse
radiolysis study: W. Bors, et al.; Free Radic. Biol. Med. 19, 45 (1995) 
Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933(1996)  Modulation of hepatic lipoprotein synthesis and secretionby taxifolin, a plant flavonoid: A. Theriault, et al.; J. Lipid Res. 41, 1969
(2000)  Inhibitory activity of diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT)
and microsomal triglyceride transfer
protein (MTP) by the flavonoid, taxifolin, in HepG2 cells: potential role in
the regulation of apolipoprotein B secretionInhibitory activity of diacylglycero: A. Casaschi, et al.; Atherosclerosis
176, 247 (2004)

Flavanones

More Information? Please visit

For updated prices and additional information visit www.alexis-biochemicals.com, contact your local distributor, or call +41 61 926 89 89.

7International Edition

Flavonols

Isorhamnetin

Myricetin

Tiliroside[3-Methylquercetin; 3’-Methoxy-3,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone][3,3’,4’,5,5’,7-Hexahydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-024-M005
5 mg
ALX-385-024-M010
10 mg
Antiviral agent. Antioxidant. Antitumor compound. Apoptosis inducer.

ALX-385-012-M010
10 mg
ALX-385-012-M050
50 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Has antitumor and chemopreventive properties. Anti-inflammatory.
Inhibits NF-κB activation.

ALX-350-305-M001
1 mg
Isolated from Tilia sp. Flavonoid which shows
anti-complement, anti-inflammatory and free
radical scavenger activity. Inhibits the production of the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO), TNF-α and IL-12 in activated macrophages. Shows potent activity against d-GalNinduced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes. Cytotoxic
against specific leukaemic cell lines. Inhibits
LDL oxidation. Antibacterial and antifungal.

Kaempferol[3,4’, 5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-005-M010
10 mg
ALX-385-005-M050
50 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Apoptosis inducer. Reversible inhibitor of fatty acid synthase [FAS].
LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20,
933 (1996)  Presence of fatty acid synthase inhibitors in the rhizomeof Alpinia officinarum hance: B.H. Li & W.X. Tian; J. Enzyme Inhib.
Med. Chem. 18, 349 (2003)  Pharmacological inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)--catalyzed endogenous
fatty acid biogenesis: a new family ofanti-cancer agents?: R. Lupu & J. A.
Menendez; Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol.
7, 483 (2006)

Morin[2’, 3,4’, 5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone]

ALX-385-016-G001
1g
Antioxidant flavonoid. Shows anti-proliferative
and antitumor properties. Induces apoptosis.
Induces cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase.
Anti-inflammatory compound. Suppresses NFκB activation. Induces lipid peroxidation andDNA strand breaks.
LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20,
933 (1996)  Lipid peroxidation and DNA damage induced by morinand naringenin in isolated rat liver nuclei: S. C. Sahu & G. C. Gray; Food
Chem. Toxicol. 35, 443 (1997)  Morin inhibits the growth of humanleukemia HL-60 cells via cell cycle arrest and induction of apoptosis
through mitochondria dependent pathway: H.M. Kuo, et al.; Anticancer Res. 27, 395 (2007)  Morin (3,5,7,2’,4’-Pentahydroxyflavone) abolishes nuclear factor-kappaB activationinduced by various carcinogens andinflammatory stimuli, leading to suppression of nuclear factor-kappaB-regulated gene expression and up-regulation of apoptosis: S.K. Manna, et al.; Clin.
Cancer Res. 13, 2290 (2007)

LIT: Biological effects of myricetin: K. C. Ong & H. E. Khoo; Gen. Pharmacol. 29, 121 (1997)  Myricetin inhibits matrix metalloproteinase
2 protein expression and enzyme activity in colorectal carcinoma
cells: C.H. Ko, et al.; Mol. Cancer Ther. 4, 281 (2005)  Mitochondrialdependent, reactive oxygen species-independent apoptosis by myricetin: roles of protein kinase C, cytochrome c, and caspase cascade:
C.H. Ko, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 69,
913 (2005)  Myricetin is a novel natural
inhibitor of neoplastic cell transformation and MEK1: K.W. Lee, et al.; Carcinogenesis 28, 1918 (2007)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

Quercetin . 2H2O

[3,3’,4’,5,7-Pentahydroxyflavone . 2H2O]

ALX-385-001-G005
5g
Isolated from Sophora japonica L. Antioxidant
flavonoid. Inhibitor of mitochondrial ATPase,
cAMP- and cGMP-phosphodiesterases. Inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C (PKC). Induces apoptosis. Blocks cells
at the G0/G1 interface. Activator of humandeacetylase SIRT1. Reversible inhibitor of fatty
acid synthase (FAS). Inhibits the production of
the inflammatory mediators nitric oxide (NO),TNF-α and IL-12 in activated macrophages.
LIT: Molecular mechanisms in the antiproliferative action of quercetin: B. Csokay, et al.; Life Sci. 60, 2157 (1997)  Quercetin and antiCD95(Fas/Apo1) enhance apoptosis in HPB-ALL cell line: M. Russo, etal.; FEBS Lett. 462, 322 (1999)  Small molecule activators of sirtuins
extend Saccharomyces cerevisiae lifespan: K.T. Howitz, et al.; Nature
425, 191 (2003)  Inhibitory effects of the flavonoids isolated from
Waltheria indica on the production of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in activated macrophages: Y.K. Rao, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 912 (2005)
 Pharmacological inhibitors of Fatty Acid Synthase (FASN)--catalyzed endogenous fatty acid biogenesis: a new family of anti-cancer agents?: R. Lupu & J. A. Menendez;
Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 7, 483 (2006)
 Onions: a source of unique dietaryflavonoids: R. Slimestad, et al.; J. Agric.
Food Chem. 55, 10067 (2007)  For acomprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

Rutin . 3H2O

[Quercetin-3-rutinoside . 3H2O; Vitamin P]

ALX-460-028-G005
5g
Antioxidant flavonoid. Nitric oxide (NO) scavenger.
LIT: Flavonoids as scavengers of nitric oxide radical: S.A.B.E. Acker, etal.; BBRC 214, 755 (1995)  Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolicacids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free
Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996)
 Antioxidant and chelating properties of flavonoids: L.G. Korkina and
I.B. Afanas´ev; Adv. Pharmacol. 38,
151 (1997)  Antimicrobial activityof flavonoids: T. P. Cushnie & A. J.
Lamb; Int. J. Antimicrob. Agents
26, 343 (2005)

LIT: Anti-complement activity of tiliroside from the flower buds ofMagnolia fargesii: K.Y. Jung, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 21, 1077 (1998) Cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects of heptaacetyltiliroside on human leukemic cell lines: K. Dimas, et al.; Leuk. Res. 23, 1021 (1999) 
Assessment of the anti-inflammatory activity and free radical scavenger activity of tiliroside: A. Sala, et al.; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 461, 53 (2003)
 Inhibitory effects of the flavonoids isolated from Waltheria indica
on the production of NO, TNF-alpha and IL-12 in activated macrophages: Y.K. Rao, et al.; Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28, 912 (2005)  Tilirosideand gnaphaliin inhibit human low density lipoprotein oxidation: G.R.
Schinella, et al.;Fitoterapia 78,
1 (2007)  For acomprehensive
bibliography
please visit our
website.

Trihydroxyethylrutin[Troxerutin]

ALX-385-030-G005
5g
ALX-385-030-G025
25 g
Isolated from Sophora japonica L. Flavonoid
derivative. Vaso- and cardioprotective agent
used clinically to treat venous disorders. Inhibits platelet aggregation. Protects biomembranes and DNA against the deleterious effects of γ-radiation. Free radical scavenger.
Antioxidant.
LIT: Antiaggregatory effects of flavonoids in vivo and their influenceon lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase in vitro: J. Swies, et al.; Pol.
J. Pharmacol. Pharm. 36, 455 (1984)  Free radical scavenging andskin penetration of troxerutin and vitamin derivatives: M. Kessler,HO
et al.; J. Dermatolog. Treat. 13,
O
133 (2002)  Radioprotection of
normal tissues in tumor-bearing
OH
mice by troxerutin: D.K. Maurya,OHO
et al.; J. Radiat. Res. 45, 221 (2004)
O
 Protection of cellular DNA fromO
gamma-radiation-induced dam- HOOOages and enhancement in DNA
OHO
repair by troxerutin: D.K. Maurya,OHCO
et al.; Mol. Cell. Biochem. 280, 57
OH(2005)  For a comprehensiveOHbibliography please visit ourHOOH
website.
OH
3

Flavonols

P O LY P H E N O L S

LIT: Anti-tumor promoting activity of polyphenols from Cowania
mexicana and Coleogyne ramosissima: H. Ito, et al.; Cancer Lett. 143,
5 (1999)  Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by flavonoids: A. Nagao, etal.; Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63, 1787 (1999)  Effects of intrinsic
fluorescence and quenching on fluorescence-based screening of
natural products: L. Zou, et al.; Phytomedicine 9, 263 (2002)  Antioxidant effects of isorhamnetin 3,7-di-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside isolated from mustard leaf (Brassica juncea) in rats with streptozotocininduced diabetes: T. Yokozawa, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 5490
(2002)  Effect of five flavonoid compounds isolated from leaves ofDiospyros kaki on stimulus-induced superoxide generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of proteins in human neutrophils: G. Chen,et al.; Clin. Chim. Acta 326, 169 (2002)  Isorhamnetin prevent endothelial cell injuries from oxidized LDL via activation of p38MAPK: M.
Bao & Y. Lou; Eur. J. Pharmacol. 547,
22 (2006)  The flavonoid component isorhamnetin in vitro inhibits
proliferation and induces apoptosis
in Eca-109 cells: G. Ma, et al.; Chem.
Biol. Interact. 167, 153 (2007)

8

International Edition

Flavanols(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate

Catechins(±)-Catechin[(±)-3,3’,4’,5,7-Flavanpentol]

ALX-385-002-G001
1g
Antioxidant flavonoid. Free radical scavenger.
Has chemopreventive and antitumor properties.
LIT: Flavonoids as anticancer agents: structure-activity relationshipstudy: M. Lopez-Lazaro; Curr. Med. Chem. Anticancer Agents 2, 691(2002)  In vitro biological properties of flavonoid conjugates foundin vivo: G. Williamson, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 39, 457 (2005)  (+)-Catechin prevents ultraviolet B-induced human keratinocyte death via
inhibition of JNK phosphorylation: W.B.
Wu, et al.; Life Sci. 79, 801 (2006)  Antispasmodic, bronchodilator and vasodilator activities of (+)-catechin, a naturally occurring flavonoid: M.N. Ghayur,
et al.; Arch. Pharm. Res. 30, 970 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

ALX-270-263-M010
10 mg
ALX-270-263-M050
50 mg
Isolated from green tea. Antitumor reagent.
Antioxidant. Protects cells from lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. Inhibits inducible
nitric oxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II). Chemopreventive anticancer agent. Inhibits MAP kinase signalling. Inhibits angiogenesis. Inhibits
telomerase and DNA methyltransferase. Antiinflammatory.
LIT: Targeting multiple signaling pathways by green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: N. Khan, etal.; Cancer Res. 66, 2500 (2006) 
Cancer preventive mechanisms ofthe green tea polyphenol (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate: L. Chen and
H.Y. Zhang; Molecules 12, 946 (2007) For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

Proanthocyanidins
Cinnamtannin B-1
ALX-350-365-M005
5 mg
Isolated from Laurus nobilis L. Potent antioxidant. Protective agent against oxidative
stress and apoptosis in human platelets.
LIT: Cinnamtannin
B-1 from bay wood
exhibits antiapoptotic effects in humanplatelets: A. Bouaziz,
et al.; Apoptosis 12,489 (2007)  For acomprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

(+)-Catechin . monohydrate[(+)-3,3’,4’,5,7-Flavanpentol]

ALX-385-017-G001
Antioxidant
flavonoid.
Free radical scavenger.
Has chemopreventive andantitumor properties.

1g

Catechins

Proanthocyanidins

LIT: see ALX-385-002.

P O LY P H E N O L S

Anthocyanidins

Cyanidin chloride

Delphinidin chloride (high purity)

Pelargonidin chloride

ALX-385-003-M010
10 mg
ALX-385-003-M050
50 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Nitric oxide (NO) scavenger.

ALX-385-028-M010
10 mg
Anthocyanidin with antioxidant effect. Shown
to inhibit angiogenesis and endothelial cell
apoptosis by stimulating nitric oxide (NO)production.

[3,4’, 5,7-Tetrahydroxyflavylium chloride]

LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20,
933 (1996)  Dietary flavonoids: bioavailability, metabolic effects, andsafety: J.A. Ross & C.M. Kasum; Annu.
Rev. Nutr. 22, 19 (2002)  Cyanidins:
metabolism and biological properties:
F. Galvano, et al.; J. Nutr. Biochem. 15, 2(2004)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

LIT: Delphinidin and cyanidin inhibit
PDGF(AB)-induced VEGF release in vascular smooth muscle cells by preventing activation of p38 MAPK and JNK:
M.H. Oak, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 149,
283 (2006)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

Malvidin chloride
ALX-385-013-M010
10 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Antitumour compound.
Induces cell cycle arrest in the G2/M-phase.

Anthocyanidins

LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, etal.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933(1996)  Biological activities of malvidin, a red wine anthocyanidin: J.
Fritz, et al.; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 50,
390 (2006)

ALX-385-014-M005
5 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Nitric oxide scavenger.
LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids andphenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free Radical Biol. & Med. 20,
933 (1996)  Antioxidant activities of pomegranate fruit extract andits anthocyanidins: delphinidin, cyanidin, and pelargonidin: Y. Noda,
et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem. 50, 166 (2002)  Antigenotoxic effects ofthe phytoestrogen pelargonidin chloride and the polyphenol chlorogenic
acid: S.K. Abraham, et al.; Mol. Nutr.
Food Res. 51, 880 (2007)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

Peonidin chloride
ALX-385-015-M005
5 mg
Antioxidant flavonoid. Shows anti-inflammatory and chemopreventive properties.
LIT: Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids: C.A. Rice-Evans, et al.; Free
Radical Biol. & Med. 20, 933 (1996)  Peonidin inhibits phorbol-ester-induced
COX-2 expression and transformation
in JB6 P+ cells by blocking phosphorylation of ERK-1 and -2: J.Y. Kwon, et al.;Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 1095, 513 (2007)

For updated prices and additional information visit www.alexis-biochemicals.com, contact your local distributor, or call +41 61 926 89 89.

9International Edition

Chalcones

ButeinCurcumin[2’, 3,4,4’-Tetrahydroxychalcone]

ALX-350-246-M010
10 mg
Plant polyphenol. Specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Inhibits glutathione reductase andrat liver glutathione S-transferase. Activator ofhuman deacetylase SIRT1. Inhibits aromatase,showing chemopreventive properties. Directly
inhibits IKK.
LIT: Butein, a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor: E.-B. Yang,et al.; BBRC 245, 435 (1998)  The plant polyphenol butein inhibits
testosterone-induced proliferation in breast cancer cells expressing
aromatase: Y. Wang, et al.; Life Sci. 77, 39 (2005)  Butein, a tetrahydroxychalcone, inhibits nuclear factor(NF)-kappaB and NF-kappaB-regulated
gene expression through direct inhibition of IkappaBalpha kinase beta on
cysteine 179 residue: M.K. Pandey, et al.;J. Biol. Chem. 282, 17340 (2007)  For
a comprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

Isobavachalcone
ALX-350-145-M001
1 mg
Isolated from plant Psoralea corylifolia. Inhibits
platelet aggregation. Inhibitor of Epstein-Barrvirus early antigen (EBV-EA) induction. Potent inhibitor of MMP-2. Displays DNA strand-scission(cleaving) activity. Shows antifungal activity.
LIT: Antioxidative components of Psoralea corylifolia (Leguminosae):
H. Haraguchi, et al.; Phytother. Res. 16, 539 (2002)  Inhibition of
matrix metalloproteinase-2
secretion by chalcones fromthe twigs of Dorstenia barteri Bureau.: B. Ngameni, et al.;
Arkivoc ix, 91 (2007)  For acomprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

Curcuminoids, a group of phenolic compounds isolated from the roots of Curcuma
longa (Zingiberacae), exhibit a variety of beneficial effects on health and events that help
in preventing certain diseases. A majority ofthese studies were carried out with curcumin(diferuloylmethane), which is a major curcuminoid. The traditional uses of curcuminoids in folk medicine are multiple and someof these therapeutic effects have been confirmed by scientific research. As a result ofextensive research on the therapeutic properties of curcumin, some understandingon the cellular, molecular and biochemicalmechanisms of action of curcumin is emerging (Figure). Curcumin has been shown toattack multiple molecular targets including
growth factors and receptors, transcription
factors, cytokines, enzymes and genes regulating apoptosis. The nuclear transcription
factor NF-κB is a key molecular target of curcumin. Curcumin inhibits the degradation ofIκBα and subsequently inactivates NF-κB. NFκB is crucial to innate and adaptive immunityand plays an important role in inflammation,
apoptosis, angiogenesis, autoimmune diseases and cancer.

Curcumin (high purity)[1,7-bis(4-Hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3,5dione; Diferuloylmethane]

ALX-350-028-M010
ALX-350-028-M050
ALX-350-028-M250

10 mg
50 mg
250 mgCAS NUMBER: 458-37-7
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from turmeric (Curcuma longa).
PURITY: ≥98.5% (Note: This highly purified productdoes not contain 30-40% bioactive impurities)
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in acetic acid or 100% ethanol.
LIT: For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

Anti-angiogenic

Xanthohumol

LIT: Xanthohumol and related prenylflavonoids from hops and beer: toyour good health!: J.F. Stevens & J.E.
Page; Phytochemistry 65, 1317 (2004)
 Effect of xanthohumol and isoxanthohumol on 3T3-L1 cell apoptosis
and adipogenesis: J.Y. Yang, et al.; Apoptosis 12, 1953 (2007)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit
our website.

LIT: [1] „Spicing up“ of the immune system by curcumin: G.C. Jagetia & B.B. Aggarwal; J. Clin. Immunol. 27, 19 (2007)  [2] Multiple molecular targets in cancer chemoprevention by curcumin: R.L. Thangapazham, et al.; AAPS J. 8, E443 (2006)  [3] Multiple biological activitiesof curcumin: R.K. Maheseari, et al.; Life Sci. 78, 2081 (2006)  [4] Biological properties of curcumin - cellular and molecular mechanismsof action: B. Joe, et al.; Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 44, 97 (2004)  [5] Curcumin as an inhibitor of angiogenesis: S.S. Bhandarkar & J.L Arbiser;Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 595, 185 (2007)  [6] Modulation of transcription factors by curcumin: S. Shishodia, et al.; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 595, 127(2007)  [7] Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of curcumin; V.P. Menon & A.R. Sudherr; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 595, 105 (2007) [8] Induction of apoptosis by curcumin and its implications for cancer therapy: D. Karunagaran, et al.; Curr. Cancer Drug Targets 5, 117(2005)  [9] Curcumin - biological and medicinal properties: B.B. Aggarwal, et al.; Tumeric: The genus Curcuma, 297 (2006)  [10] Modulation of human multidrug-resistance MDR-1 gene by natural curcuminoids: P. Limtrakul, et al.; BMC Cancer 4, 1 (2006)  [11] Curcumin
induces pro-apoptotic endoplasmic reticulum stress in human leukemia HL-60 cells: H.O. Pae, et al.; BBRC 353, 1040 (2007)  [12] Activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB is suppressed by curcumin (diferuloylmethane): S. Singh & B.B. Aggarwal; J. Biol. Chem. 270, 24995(1995)  [13] Molecular targets of curcumin: J.K. Lin; Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 595, 227 (2007)

OR
OH
RO

O

Chalcones

FIGURE: Cellular, Molecular & Biochemical Actions of Curcumin.

P O LY P H E N O L S

ALX-350-280-M005
5 mg
Isolated from hops (Humulus lupulus). Potent
inhibitor of diacylglycerol acetyltransferase[DGAT]. Inhibits DNA polymerase and induces cell differentiation. Has antiproliferative andcytotoxic effects in human cancer cell lines. Inhibits human P450 enzymes. Induces quinone
reductase. Inhibits the expression of HIF-1α
and VEGF under hypoxic conditions. Induces
apoptosis in mature adipocytes.

10International Edition

Stilbenoids

Piceatannol

Resveratrol
Resveratrol, a polyphenol from red wine, hasbeen the subject of intense interest due to arange of unique biological properties. These
include antioxidant, anti-thrombogenic, antiinflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and cancer preventive and therapeutic
activities. Recent results provide interesting
insights into the effect of this compound on
the life span of yeast and mammals. Resveratrol activates the NAD-dependent deacetylase SIRT1 (SIR2 in yeast). SIRT1 is a principal
modulator of pathways downstream of calorie
restriction that produce beneficial effects on
glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity andlifespan. SIRT1 activation is a promising new
therapeutic approach for treating age-relateddiseases such as type 2 diabetes.
LIT: Small molecule activators of sirtuins extend Saccharomyces
cerevisiae lifespan: K.T. Howitz, et al.; Nature 425, 191 (2003)  Resveratrol improves health and survival of mice on a high-calorie
diet: J.A. Baur, et al.; Nature 444, 337 (2006)  Chemoprevention
by resveratrol: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic potential:
S. Shankar, et al.; Front. Biosci. 12, 4839 (2007)  The effect of resveratrol on a cell model of human aging: M. Stefani, et al.; Ann. N.
Y. Acad. Sci. 1114, 407 (2007)  Resveratrol as an antioxidant andpro-oxidant agent: mechanisms and clinical implications: C.A. de laLastra and I. Villegas; Biochem. Soc. Trans. 35, 1156 (2007)[3,4,3’, 5’-Tetrahydroxy-trans-stilbene]

Resveratrol[trans-3,4’, 5-Trihydroxystilbene]

ALX-270-125-M050
50 mg
ALX-270-125-M100
100 mg
ALX-270-125-M250
250 mgCAS NUMBER: 501-36-0
SOURCE/HOST: Isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum.
PURITY: ≥98%
SOLUBILITY: Soluble in DMSO, 100% ethanol
or dimethyl formamide; slightly soluble in
PBS.
LIT: Cancer chemopreventive activity of resveratrol, a natural product derived from grapes: M. Jang, et al.; Science 275, 218 (1997) 
Resveratrol protects against 4-HNE induced oxidative stress andapoptosis in Swiss 3T3 fibroblasts: O. Kutuk, et al.; Biofactors 20,
1 (2004)  Resveratrol, a polyphenol found in grapes, suppresses
oxidative damage and stimulates apoptosis during early colonicinflammation in rats: A.R. Martin, et al.;Biochem. Pharmacol. 67, 1399 (2004) 
Resveratrol interferes with AKT activity
and triggers apoptosis in human uterine cancer cells: E. Sexton, et al.; Mol.
Cancer 5, 45 (2006)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our
website.

SIRT1 Inhibitors
Sirtinol[2-[(2-Hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl-methylene)amino]-N-(1phenethyl)benzamide]

P O LY P H E N O L S

ALX-270-308-M001
1 mg
ALX-270-308-M005
5 mg
Specific cell permeable inhibitor of the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent deacetylases(ySir2: IC50=48μM; hSIRT1: IC50=131μM;
hSIRT2: IC50=58μM) with no effect on human
HDAC1. Reported to inhibit Sir2p transcriptional silencing activity in vivo (IC50=25μM)
and NAD-dependent histone deacetylase
activity of purified recombinant yeast Sir2p(IC50=70μM) and hSIRT2 (IC50=40μM) in vitro.
LIT: Identification of a class of small molecule inhibitors of the sirtuin family of NAD-dependent deacetylases by phenotypic screening: C.M. Grozinger, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 276, 38837 (2001)  Human
telomeric position effect is determined by chromosomal context
and telomeric chromatin integrity: C.E. Koering, et al.; EMBO Rep.
3, 1055 (2002)  Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation ofsirtinol analogues as class III histone/
protein deacetylase (Sirtuin) inhibitors: A. Mai, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 48,
7789 (2005)  Sirt1 inhibitor, Sirtinol,
induces senescence-like growth arrest with attenuated Ras-MAPK signaling in human cancer cells: H. Ota, etal.; Oncogene 25, 176 (2006)

6-Chloro-2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1Hcarbazole-1-carboxamide
ALX-270-437-M001
1 mg
Potent cell permeable and metabolically stable specific inhibitor of hSIRT1 (IC50=98nM
in vivo / IC50=38nM in vitro; compared tohSIRT2: IC50=19μM and hSIRT3: IC50=48μM)
with no effect on human histone deacetylases (HDACs) class I and class II, nor NAD
glycohydrolase (IC50>100μg). Inhibits thedeacetylation of p53 (IC50=1μM).
LIT: Discovery of indoles as potent andselective inhibitors of the deacetylase
SIRT1: A.D. Napper, et al.; J. Med. Chem.
48, 8045 (2005)

Aristoforin
ALX-350-129-M001
1 mg
Stable and water-soluble derivative of hyperforin (Prod. No. ALX-350-097) inducing apoptosis. Antitumor agent. Inhibits sirtuins.

ALX-270-202-M001
1 mg
ALX-270-202-M005
5 mg
ALX-270-202-M010
10 mg
ALX-270-202-M050
50 mg
Synthetic. Originally isolated from Euphorbia lagascae. Selective protein tyrosine kinase Syk inhibitor. Activator of human deacetylase SIRT1.
LIT: Synthesis and evaluation of stilbene and dihydrostilbene derivatives as potential anticancer agents that inhibit tubulin polymerization: M. Cushman, et al.; J. Med. Chem. 34, 2579 (1991)  Piceatannol,a stilbene phytochemical, inhibits mitochondrial F0F1-ATPase activity
by targeting the F1 complex: J. Zheng & V.D. Ramirez; BBRC 261, 499(1999)  Microarray analysis of piceatannol-induced changes in gene expression
in human gastric cancer cells : D. Jeoung,et al.; Biotechnology Lett. 24, 463 (2002)
 For a comprehensive bibliography
please visit our website.

Polydatin[Piceid; Resveratrol-3β-mono-D-glucoside]

ALX-350-114-M010
10 mg
Isolated from Polygonum cuspidatum. Platelet
aggregation inhibitor. Shows multiple effects
on vascular smooth muscle cells, myocardial
cells, endothelial cells and white blood cells
after shock. May inhibit phospholipase A2. Inhibits the expression of various cell adhesion
molecules.
LIT: Effect of polydatin on phospholipase A2 in lung tissues in rats withendotoxic shock: S.Y. Shu, et al.; Chin. J. Traumatol. 7, 239 (2004)  Involvement of cell adhesion molecules in polydatin protectionof brain tissues from ischemiareperfusion injury: Y. Cheng, etal.; Brain Res. 1110, 193 (2006) For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

trans-3,4’,5-Trimethoxy-stilbene[Trimethoxy-resveratrol; MR-3]

ALX-350-345-M025
25 mg
ALX-350-345-M100
100 mgAnalog of resveratrol (Prod. No. ALX-270-125).
Shows powerful anti-angiogenic activity. Inhibits proliferation, sprouting, collagen gel invasion and morphogenesis of endothelial cells.
LIT: Antiangiogenic and vascular-targeting activity of the microtubule-destabilizing trans-resveratrol derivative 3,5,4’-trimethoxystilbene: M. Belleri, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 67, 1451 (2005)  Synthesis
and biological properties of new stilbene derivatives of resveratrol
as new selective aryl hydrocarbon modulators: P. de Medina, et al.;J. Med. Chem. 48, 287 (2005)  Antitumor activity of 3,5,4’-trimethoxystilbene in COLO 205 cells and xenografts in SCID mice: M.H. Pan, et al.;Mol. Carcinog. 47, 184 (2008)  For acomprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

LIT: Aristoforin, a novel stable derivative of hyperforin, is a potent
anticancer agent: M. Gartner, etal.; Chembiochem. 6, 171 (2005)
 Phloroglucinol Derivatives
Guttiferone G, Aristoforin, andHyperforin: Inhibitors of Human
Sirtuins SIRT1 and SIRT2: C. Gey,et al.; Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
46, 5219 (2007)

Stilbenoids

For updated prices and additional information visit www.alexis-biochemicals.com, contact your local distributor, or call +41 61 926 89 89.

11International Edition

Phenolic Acids

Caffeic acid

Caffeic acid n-octyl ester

Chlorogenic acid[3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid][n-Octylcaffeate][3-O-Caffeoylquinic acid; Heriguard; NSC 407296]

ALX-270-231-M250
250 mg
ALX-270-231-G001
1g
Synthetic. Shows antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Inhibitorof 5- and 12-lipoxygenase (LO).

ALX-350-278-M005
5 mg
ALX-350-278-M025
25 mg
More potent analog than CAPE (Prod. No.
ALX-270-244). Suppressor of inducible nitricoxide synthase (iNOS; NOS II). Induces apoptosis.

ALX-350-353-M500
500 mg
ALX-350-353-G001
1g
Analog of caffeic acid (Prod. No. ALX-270-231).
Shows antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic andchemopreventive activity. Inhibits Bcr-Abltyrosine kinase and triggers MAP kinases p38–
dependent apoptosis. Inhibitor of the tumor
promoting activity of phorbol esters.

Caffeic acid ethyl ester[CAEE; Ethyl caffeate]

ALX-270-480-M050
50 mg
ALX-270-480-M250
250 mgSynthetic. Shows anti-carcinogenic, antiinflammatory
andimmunomodulatory
properties. Suppresses lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production(IC50=5.5μg/ml). Potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB and its downstream inflammatory mediators inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS; NOS II), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) andcyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Prevents DNA single-strand breaks caused by H2O2.
LIT: Ethyl caffeate suppresses NF-kappaB activation and its downstream inflammatory mediators, iNOS, COX-2, and PGE2 in vitro or
in mouse skin: Y.M. Chiang, et al.; Br. J. Pharmacol. 146, 352 (2005) 
Drastic effect of several caffeic acid derivatives on the induction ofheme oxygenase-1 expression revealed by quantitative real-time RTPCR: K. Suzuki, et al.; Biofactors 28, 151 (2006)  Antitumor activity ofsome natural flavonoids and synthetic derivatives on various humanand murine cancer cell lines: M. Cardenas, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 14, 2966(2006)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

Caffeic acid methyl ester[Methyl caffeate]

ALX-350-226-M050
50 mg
Synthetic. Inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase and protein tyrosine kinases. Has a strong
inhibitory effect on human platelet aggregation. Shows antioxidant, antiproliferative andcytotoxic properties.
LIT: Effect of caffeic acid esters on carcinogen-induced mutagenicity
and human colon adenocarcinoma cell growth: C.V. Rao, et al.; Chem.
Biol. Interactions 84, 277 (1992)  Anti-platelet effect of the constituents isolated from the barks and fruits of Magnolia obovata: M.K.
Pyo, et al.; Arch. Pharm. Res. 25, 325 (2002)  Phenolic acid derivatives
with potential anticancer properties--a structure-activity relationshipstudy. Part 1: methyl, propyl and octyl esters of caffeic and gallic acids: S.M. Fiuza, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 12,3581 (2004)  For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

LIT: Mechanism of toxicity of esters of caffeic and dihydrocaffeic acids: B. Etzenhouser, et al.; Bioorg. Med. Chem. 9, 199 (2001)  A novel
antioxidant, octyl caffeate, suppression of LPS/IFN-gamma-induced
inducible nitric oxide synthase gene expression in rat aortic smoothmuscle cells: G. Hsiao, et al.; Biochem. Pharmacol. 65, 1383 (2003)  Caffeic acid derivatives: in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties:
F.M. da Cunha, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 38, 1241 (2004)  Octylcaffeateinduced apoptosis in
human leukemia U937
cells: M. Ujibe, et al.;Biol. Pharm. Bull. 28,2338 (2005)

Caffeic acid phenylethyl ester[CAPE; Phenethyl caffeiate; Caffeic acid phenethyl ester]ALX-270-244-M010
10 mg
ALX-270-244-M050
50 mg
Synthetic. Active component of propolis fromhoneybee hives, known to have anti-mitogenic, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, andimmunomodulatory properties. Potent andspecific inhibitor of NF-κB activation, inducedby TNF-α, PMA (Prod. No. ALX-445-004) andother inflammatory agents. Exhibits inhibitory activity against HIV-1 integrase (IC50=7μM).
Suppresses lipid peroxidation and inhibits
ornithine decarboxylase, protein tyrosine kinase and lipoxygenase activities. Induces
apoptosis.

LIT: Inhibition of activator protein-1, NF-kappaB, and MAPKs andinduction of phase 2 detoxifying enzyme activity by chlorogenic
acid: R. Feng, et al.; J. Biol. Chem. 280, 27888 (2005)  Inhibition of
DNA methylation by caffeic acidand chlorogenic acid, two common catechol-containing coffee
polyphenols: W.J. Lee & B.T. Zhu;
Carcinogenesis 27, 269 (2006) For a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

Gallotannin[Tannic acid]

ALX-270-418-G001
1g
Inhibitor of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase(PARG). Inhibitor of endothelial nitric oxide
synthase (eNOS; NOS III) and weak inhibitor of inducible (iNOS; NOS II) and neuronal
nitric oxide synthase (nNOS; NOS I). Induces
cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. Free
radical scavenger.
LIT: Inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase by gallotannin selectively up-regulates expression of proinflammatory genes: E. Rapizzi, et al.; Mol. Pharmacol. 66, 890 (2004)  The efficacy of protective effects of tannic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, and propyl gallate against
hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress and DNA damages in
IMR-90 cells: C.H. Chen, et al.; Mol. Nutr. Food Res. 51, 962 (2007)  For
a comprehensive bibliography please visit our website.

LIT: Hydroxylated aromatic inhibitors of HIV-1 integrase: T.R. Burke Jr.,et al.; J. Med. Chem. 38, 4171 (1995)  Caffeic acid phenethyl ester isa potent and specific inhibitor of activation of nuclear transcription
factor NF-kappa B: K. Natarajan, et al.; PNAS 93, 9090 (1996)  Caffeic
acid phenethyl ester induces leukocyte apoptosis, modulates nuclear
factor-kappa B and suppresses acute inflammation: Z. Orban, et al.;Neuroimmunomodulation 7, 99 (2000)  Caffeic acid phenethyl ester inhibits T-cell activation by targeting both nuclear factor of activated T-cells and NF-kappaB transcription factors: N. Marquez, et al.;J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 308, 993 (2004)  Caffeic acid derivatives: invitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties: F.M. da Cunha, et al.;Free Radic. Res. 38, 1241 (2004)  Drastic effect of several caffeic acidderivatives on the induction of heme oxygenase-1 expression revealed by quantitative real-time
RT-PCR: K. Suzuki, et al.; Biofactors 28, 151 (2006)  For a comprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

3,5-Di-O-caffeoylquinic acid
[3,5-CQA; Isochlorogenic acid]

ALX-350-320-M001
1 mg
ALX-350-320-M005
5 mg
Isolated from Cynara scolymus. Antioxidant.
Shows antiproliferative activity.
LIT: In vitro antioxidative effects
and tyrosinase inhibitory activities of seven hydroxycinnamoyl
derivatives in green coffee beans:
K. Iwai, et al.; J. Agric. Food Chem.
52, 4893 (2004)  For a comprehensive bibliography please
visit our website.

Widest Panel of Caffeic acid Esters!

Benzoic acid

Cinnamic acid

P O LY P H E N O L S

LIT: Caffeic acid is a selective inhibitor for leukotriene biosynthesis:
Y. Koshihara, et al.; Biochim. Biophys. Acta 792, 92 (1984)  Caffeic
acid derivatives: in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory properties:
F.M. da Cunha, et al.; Free Radic. Res. 38, 1241 (2004)  Novel andtherapeutic effect of caffeic acid and caffeic acid phenyl ester on
hepatocarcinoma cells: complete regression of hepatoma growthand metastasis by dual mechanism: T.W. Chung, et al.; FASEB J. 18,1670 (2004)  Anti-HIV activities of naturalO
antioxidant caffeic acid derivatives: toward
an antiviral supplementation diet: F. Bailly & HOOH
P. Cotelle; Curr. Med. Chem. 12, 1811 (2005) For a comprehensive bibliography please HO
visit our website.

www.alexis-biochemicals.com

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