PICES-2016

25 Year of PICES:
Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future

North Pacific Marine Science Organization

November 2-13, 2016
San Diego, CA, USA

Table of Contents
Notes for Guidance��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������5
Venue Floor Plan ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������6
List of Sessions/Workshops ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������9
Meeting Timetable ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������10
PICES Structure����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������12
PICES Acronyms ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������13
Session/Workshop Schedules at a Glance������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������15
List of Posters ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������47
Sessions and Workshops Descriptions ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������63
Abstracts Oral Presentations (ordered by days)������������������������������������������������������������������������������81
Workshops��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������83
Keynote Lecture ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������132
Sessions�����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������133
Abstracts Poster Presentations (ordered by Session/Workshop)��������������������������������������������������235
Registrants, Observers, PICES��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������335
Author Index��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������375

Abstracts for oral presentations are sorted first by presentation day and then by presentation time.
Abstracts for posters are sorted by session and then by paper ID number.
Presenter name is in bold-face type and underlined.
Some abstracts in this collection are not edited and are printed in the condition they were received.

3Notes for Guidance
The North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) announces its 2016 Annual Meeting to be held November
2-13, 2016, at OMNI Hotel. The meeting is hosted by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA), in coordination with the PICES Secretariat. Local arrangements are made by the Southwest Fisheries
Science Center of NOAA.
Presentations
In order to allow the sessions to run smoothly, and in fairness to other speakers, please note that all presentations
are expected to adhere strictly to the time allocated. All authors should designate at least 5 minutes for questions.
Authors can download their presentations directly to the computers where the session/workshops will be held.
Important: Please rename your files - time-name.ppt (e.g. 0900-Smith.ppt, 1530-Kim.ppt).
If complications occur due to incompatibilities between PCs and Macs, Macintosh owners may use their own
computers to make presentations.
Posters
Posters will be on display from November 7 (a.m.) until the end of the “Wine and Cheese” Poster Session on theevening of November 10.
Two Poster Sessions for all posters (workshop and sessions) will be held on November 8 and November 10.
Poster presenters are expected to be available to answer questions from 19:00-20:00 during at least one Poster
Session.
Internet accessInternet access via wireless LAN will be available. A few desktop computers will also be available for participants.
Social activities
November 7 (18:30-21:00)
OMNI Hotel, Palm/Sail Terrace (6th Floor)
Welcome Reception
The Welcome Reception for all participants (and registered guests)
November 9 (18:30-21:00)
TBA at the Meeting
Sport Event
Please sign up for participation at the Registration Desk
November 8 and November 10 (18:30-21:00)
OMNI Hotel, Gallery (Ground Level)
Wine & Cheese Poster Session Reception
The wine & cheese Poster Sessions at the meeting venue will allow participants to roam around the poster displays
and chat with presenters while sipping beer or wine and nibbling on hot and cold hor d’oevres.
Floor of the Hotel for each of the room types:
Ground Level: Gallery
4th Floor:
Grand Ballroom; Salon; Gaslamp; East Foyer; South Foyer
5th Floor:
Balboa
6th Floor:
Boardroom; Palm/Sail Terrace
PICES Secretariat is located in Gaslamp-5 Room (4th Floor)
Local Organizing Committee is located in Board Room 1 (6th Floor)
5Floor Plan
San Diego 4th Floor
SKYBRIDGE
TO PETCO PARK

HALL OF FAMEWOMENELEVATORSGASLAMP
2MEN

BUSINESSCENTERGASLAMP1

NORTH FOYERGASLAMP3

GASLAMP4

GASLAMP
5

PICES Secretariat

NO ACCESSSALON ASALON BGRANDBALLROOM

EAST
FOYER

SALON CSALON ESALON D

6

WOMEN

MEN

SOUTH
FOYER

San Diego 5th Floor

BALBOA
1

GUEST
ROOM

BALBOA
3

BALBOA
4

ELEVATORS

T
GUES
M
O
RO

BALBOA
2

ST
GUE M
O
O
R
ST
GUE M
O
RO

T
ES
GU OM
RO
T
ES
GU OM
RO

G
R UE
O S
O T
M

T
ES M
U
G OO
T
R
ES
U OM
G O
R

OPEN TOBELOWSan Diego Gallery Meeting SpaceGALLERY 1

GALLERY 2

GALLERY 3A

GALLERY 3B

POSTER SESSION
Ground level

ART FOYER

Gallery Front Entrance
L Street7San Diego 6th Floor

Local Org.
Committee

GUEST
ROOM

ELEVATORS

GUEST
ROOM

BOARD
ROOM 2GUEST
ROOM

FITNESS CENTERTERRACELOUNGELOUNGE

GUEST
ROOM
GUEST
ROOM

FOYER

LOUNGEGLASS WALL
OPENS TOTERRACE

KITCHEN

Welcome reception
PALM
TERRACE

GUEST
ROOM

FIREPLACETERRACE
SUITE

GUEST
ROOM

TERRACE
SUITE

GUEST
ROOM

GUEST
ROOM

TERRACE
SUITE

SPA
SA
IL

8

TE
RR
AC
E

TERRACESUITESWIMMING
POOL

MEN

BOARD
ROOM 1

WOMEN

GUEST
ROOM

List of Sessions and Workshops
S1

Nov. 725 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future

S2

Nov. 10

Early life history stages as indicators and predictors of climate variability and ecosystem change

S3

Nov. 10Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment

S4

Nov. 10

Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive Ecology of Marine Populations

S5

Nov. 8

S6

Nov. 8Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species Distributions and Habitat Models based on
Remotely Sensed Data
What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?

S7

Nov. 8

S8

Nov. 8, 9

New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of Oceanic Ecosystem including Fisheries
Resources
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011

S9

Nov. 9, 10

Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems under a Changing Climate

S10

BIO-P2

Nov. 10, 11 The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing: Past, Present andFutureNov. 8, 9
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes in the North Pacific in the Past 25
Years of PICES and Future Directions
Nov. 10
Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in Ocean Conditions on the Ecosystems of theNorth PacificNov. 9Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances and Challenges in Multi-parameter
Observations
Nov. 7-10
BIO-1 Contributed Poster Session
Recent Progress in Deep-Sea Research and Conservation: Lessons from Various Parts of the Globe
Nov. 7-10
BIO-2 Contributed Poster Session

FIS-P

Nov. 7-10

FIS Contributed Poster Session

MEQ-P

Nov. 7-10

MEQ Contributed Poster Session

POC-P

Nov. 7-10

POC Contributed Poster Session

MON-P

Nov. 7-10

MONITOR Contributed Poster Session

S-HD

Nov. 7-10

S-HD Contributed Poster Session

W1

Nov. 3

Acidification of the North Pacific Ocean: A Basin-Wide Assessment

W2

Nov. 3W3

Nov. 2, 3

W4

Nov. 3

Conditions promoting extreme Pseudo-nitzschia events in the eastern Pacific but not the western
Pacific
Distributions of habitat-forming coral and sponge assemblages in the North Pacific Ocean andfactors influencing their distributions
Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the distribution of highly migratory species

W5

Nov. 4Modeling effects of climate change on fish and fisheries

W6

Nov. 3

Consumption of North Pacific forage species by marine birds and mammals

W7

Nov. 3

Delivering quality multi-parameter data from the coastal ocean

W8

Nov. 4

Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the North Pacific: history and new challenges

W9

Nov. 3

W10

Nov. 3

The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating Arctic environments: Towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
Distribution and risk analysis of radionuclides in the North Pacific

S11
S12
S13
BIO-P19

Meeting Timetable
Ground Level:
Gallery

Wednesday, November 2

4th Floor:
Sal = Salon
GL = Gaslamp
Grand Ballroom

09:00
18:00

5th Floor:
Bal = Balboa
6th Floor:
BR = Boardroom
Palm/Sail Terrace

Gaslamp-2

Gaslamp-3

Gaslamp-1
WG-33
Meeting(cancelled)

W3(corals)
Day 1

MAFF
Meeting

SG-CEP
Meeting

Thursday, November 3
09:00
12:30
14:00
18:00

Bal-3

Bal-1

W1

W2

(OA)

GL-3

GL-2

W3

(HABS)

Sal-A
W6

W4

(corals)
Day 2

(HMS)

Bal-2

GL-3

Sal-B

(MBM)
forage)

GL-2

Sal-D

Bal-2

GL-4

Bal-4

W10

NPCOOS(Bering
Sea)(Radionuclides)SGCERP

WG-31

Meeting

Meeting

Meeting

Bal-3

Bal-1

GL-4

GL-1

Bal-4

Sal-D

S-CC

S-HAB S-MBM

APNPCOOS

SGNPESR3

Meeting

W9

W7

WG-33
(cancelled)

Friday, November 4
Sal-A
09:00
12:30
14:00
18:00

Sal-B

W5

WG-34

W8

(ModCCME)

WG-30

(Meso
Proc)

Meeting

Meeting

WG-32

APCREAMS

Meeting

Meeting

Meeting

Meeting

Meeting

Meeting

GL-2
AP-CREAMS
Meeting

18:00
20:00/
21:00

Meeting

MoE

Sal-A
S-CCME
Meeting

Saturday, November 5
09:00
18:00

Sal-D, Sal-E
FUTURE SSC Meeting

Sunday, November 6[set clocks back 1 hour to Pacific Standard Time]

09:00
12:30

Sal-A, Sal-B
FUTURE Mini-Symposium

12:30
17:00

GL-1
Science Board Meeting (closed)

18:00
20:00

Sal-A

Sal-E

Sal-B

Sal-D

GL-3

GL-4

GL-2

BIO
Meeting
Day 1

FIS
Meeting
Day 1

MEQ
Meeting
Day 1

MONITOR
Meeting
Day 1

POC
Meeting
Day 1

TCODE
Meeting
Day 1

S-HD
Meeting
Day 1

Monday, November 7
08:30
10:15

Grand Ballroom
Opening Session

10:30
18:20

Grand Ballroom
Science Board Symposium (S1)

18:30
21:00

Palm/Sail Terrace
Welcome Reception(for all participants and registered guests)

Tuesday, November 8Grand Ballroom
Plenary Session (S1, S5, S8)

09:00
10:30

Sal-C
10:50
16:20
18:00
18:30
21:00

10

S11 - Day 1(Model Phys. Process)S8 - Day 1(Marine Debris)

Sal-D, Sal-E

Sal-B

Sal-A

GL-1

S5
(Changing Oceans)

S6(Trophic Links)

S7(Ocean Acidification)[14:00]
F&A
Meeting(closed)Gallery
Poster Session* (begins at noon)“Wine and Cheese” (18:30-21:00)

Meeting Timetable (continued)
Ground Level:
Gallery

Wednesday, November 9

09:00
12:30

14:00
19:00

Sal-D, Sal-E

Sal-B

Sal-A

Sal-C

GL-1

S8
(Marine Debris)
Day 2

S9
(Resilience)
Day 1

S11
(Model PhysicalProcess)
Day 2

S13(Changing Coastal
Ocean)

F&A Meeting(closed)

GL-3

GL-4

GL-2

Bal-1

Bal-2

Bal-3

GL-1

BIO
Meeting
Day 2

FIS
Meeting
Day 2

MEQ
Meeting
Day 2

MONITOR
Meeting
Day 2

POC
Meeting
Day 2

TCODE
Meeting
Day 2

S-HD
Meeting
Day 2

18:30
21:00

Sport Event

4th Floor:
Sal = Salon
GL = Gaslamp
Grand Ballroom
5th Floor:
Bal = Balboa
6th Floor:
BR = Boardroom

Thursday, November 10
Grand Ballroom
Plenary Session (S10)

09:00
10:20

Sal-B
10:40
11:40

S10
(FUTURE)

11:50
15:00

S9
(Resilience)

15:10

S3
(Hydrocarbons)

Sal-D, Sal-E

Sal-A

Sal-C

S2
(Early Life
History Stages)

S4(Climate Variability/
Reproductive Ecology)

S12(Causes/Consequences)

Gallery
Poster Session* (all day)“Wine and Cheese” (18:30-21:00)

18:30
21:00

Friday, November 11
Grand Ballroom
FUTURE (Plenary) Session (S10)

09:00
12:20

Grand Ballroom
Closing Session**

12:30
13:15
13:30
18:00

GL-1
Science Board Meeting (closed)

18:30
21:00

Chairman’s Reception*[by invitation only]

Saturday, November 12
09:00
18:00

GL-1
Science Board Meeting (closed)

GL-3
Governing Council Meeting (closed)

Sunday, November 13
09:00
18:00

*
**

GL-3
Governing Council Meeting (closed)

Poster presenters are expected to be available to answer questions for at least one hour
(19:00-20:00: Tuesday, Nov. 8 and Thursday, Nov. 10)
Award recipients for Best Oral/Poster presentations will be announced during the Closing Session

10:30-10:50 Coffee Break (Except for Nov. 10, 10:20-10:40)
12:30-14:00 Lunch
16:00-16:20 Coffee Break

11

12

PICES Acronyms
Committees
BIO

Biological Oceanography Committee

FIS

Fishery Science Committee

MEQ

Marine Environmental Quality Committee

MONITOR

Technical Committee on Monitoring

POC

Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee

TCODE

Technical Committee on Data Exchange

Advisory Panels
AP-CREAMSAdvisory Panel for a CREAMS/PICES Program in East Asian Marginal Seas
(reports to MONITOR and POC Committees)

AP-NPCOOS

Advisory Panel on North Pacific Coastal Ocean Observing Systems(reports to MONITOR and TCODE Committees)

Sections
S-CC

Section on Carbon and Climate(reports to BIO and POC Committees)

S-CCME

Joint PICES/ICES Section on Climate Change Effects on Marine Ecosystems(reports to BIO, FIS and POC Committees)

S-HAB

Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms in the North Pacific(reports to MEQ Committee)

S-HD

Section on Human Dimensions of Marine Systems(reports to Science Board)

S-MBM

Section on Marine Birds and Mammals(reports to BIO Committee)

Study Groups
SG-CEP

Study Group on Climate and Ecosystem Predictability(reports to Science Board)

SG-CERP

Study Group on Common Ecosystem Reference Points across PICES Member Countries(reports to Science Board)

SG-NPESR3

Study Group on North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report(reports to Science Board)

Working Groups
WG-30

Working Group on Assessment of Marine Environmental Quality of Radiation around theNorth Pacific(reports to MEQ Committee)

WG-31

Working Group on Emerging Topics in Marine Pollution(reports to MEQ Committee)

WG-32

Working Group on Biodiversity of Biogenic Habitats(reports to BIO Committee)

WG-34

Joint PICES/ISC Working Group on Ocean Conditions and the Distribution and
Productivity of Highly Migratory Fish(reports to FIS Committee)

Scientific Program
FUTURE-SSC

Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Marine
Ecosystems - Scientific Steering Committee
13

Session/Workshop Schedules
at a GlanceWednesday, November 2 [Gaslamp-3 Room, 4th Floor],

W3 (Day 1)

Distributions of habitat-forming coral and sponge assemblages in the North Pacific Ocean andfactors influencing their distributions
Convenors:
Kwang-Sik Choi (Korea)
Masashi Kiyota (Japan)
Chris Rooper (USA)9:15

Introduction by Workshop Convenors

Session 1: Multiple factors affecting the dynamics of shallow-water corals and other organisms(Facilitator: Kwang-Sik Choi)
9:25

Hiroya Yamano (Invited)
Environmental factors affecting the distribution of habitat-forming shallow-water corals

10:05

Jin-Soo Park
First report on the annual gametogenesis of high-latitude corals Alveopora japonica(Eguchi, 1968) and Oulastrea crispata (Lamarck, 1816) on Jeju Island, Korea

10:30

Coffee BreakSession 2: Factors and processes affecting corals and sponges in mesophotic and deep water zones(Facilitator: Les Watling)
10:50

Les Watling
Biogeographic patterns and hypotheses relating deep-sea coral distributions to water masses

11:30

Christopher Rooper
Factors affecting the large scale distribution of deep sea corals and sponges in the Alaskan
ecosystems of the North Pacific Ocean

11:55

Stephanie K. Archer
Seascape ecology of glass sponge reefs: Fine scale measurements of habitat heterogeneityand its relationship to community structure

12:20

Lunch

Session 3: SDM approach: Data collection, modeling, and evaluation (Facilitator: Samuel Georgian)
14:00

Samuel E. Georgian
Resolving biogeographic patterns in the deep sea using species distribution modeling

14:40

Anders Knudby
Data-driven bioregions for local ecosystem context in species distribution models

15:05

Mai Miyamoto
Selection of the proper spatial resolution for habitat modeling of cold-water corals

15:30

Dana Haggarty
Testing the transferability of species distribution models between shallow seamounts in the
North Pacific Ocean

15:55

Coffee BreakSession 4: Workshop on distribution modeling of data-limited species: Corals and sponges as an example(Facilitator: C. Rooper and S. Georgian)
16:20

Introduction by Session Convenors

16:25

Scoping discussion
Presentation of biotic and abiotic data; Choice of target area; Taxonomic resolution;
Available model types

17:20

Data compilation and formatting

18:00

End
15

Thursday,
W1[Balboa 3]

Acidification of the North
Pacific Ocean: a basin-wide
assessment
Convenors:
James Christian (Canada)
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)

W2

Conditions promoting extreme
Pseudo-nitzschia events in theeastern Pacific but not thewestern PacificConvenors:
Vera Trainer (USA)Polina A. Kameneva (Russia)

8:55
9:00

Introduction by
9:00
Workshop Convenors

9:10

Karen E. Kohfeld(Invited)
Assessing vulnerability to ocean acidification in the Straitof Georgia along
the Canadian Pacific
Coast

9:50

10:30

16

Introduction by
Workshop Convenors

Distributions of habitat-forming
coral and sponge assemblages in
the North Pacific Ocean and factors
influencing their distributions
Convenors:
Kwang-Sik Choi (Korea)
Janelle Curtis (Canada)
Masashi Kiyota (Japan)
Chris Rooper (USA)Introduction by
C. Rooper and S. Georgian

Inna V. Stonik
9:00(Invited)
Pseudo-nitzschia
diversity, bloom eventsand their impacts in the
North Pacific: An EastWest comparison

Modeling: Interpretationof model outputs; Modelvalidation; Multimodelcomparison/ensemble

Nicola Haigh
Pseudo-nitzschia
species and domoic
acid on the west coastof Vancouver Island,
British Columbia, in
2015

10:05

Yuichi Kotaki
Amnesic shellfish
poisoning (ASP)
potential in Japan

10:30

W3 (Day 2)[Gaslamp 3] W4

8:55

9:40

Discussion

Coffee Break[Balboa 1]

Coffee Break

10:30[Gaslamp 2]

Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the
distribution of highly
migratory species
Convenors:
Gerard DiNardo (USA)
Chi-lu Sun (Chinese Taipei)

9:00

Barbara A. Muhling(Invited)
Ecology andmanagement ofAtlantic bluefin tunaunder climate variability and change

9:40

Xianshi Jin
Population dynamics of fish species inmarine ecosystem:
A case study in the
Bohai Sea, China

10:10

Rosa Runcie
The impact of climatechange on PacificBluefin (Thunnus
orientalis) tuna distribution in the Eastern
Pacific Ocean

10:40

Coffee BreakCoffee Break4th Floor:
Salon
GaslampNovember 3
W6[Salon A]

W7[Salon B]

Consumption of North Pacific Delivering quality multiforage species by marine
parameter data from the coastal
birds and mammals
ocean
Convenors:
Andrew Trites (Canada)
Elliott Hazen (USA)
Tsutomu Tamura (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

Convenors:
Akash Sastri (Canada)
Chuanxi Xing (China)

8:55
9:00

Introduction by
9:00
Workshop Convenors

9:10

Pete Warzybok
Consumption of forage fishes by marine
birds in the Gulf of
the Farallones,
California

9:30

Yutaka Watanuki
Consumption of
salmon fingerlings by
Rhinoceros Auklets
breeding in
Hokkaido, Japan

9:50

Motohiro Ito
The records of Chumsalmon fingerling
predation by avian
predators at thecoastal area of
Otsuchi, Japan

November 3

W10[Balboa 2][Salon D]

The role of the northern Bering
Sea in modulating Arctic environments: Towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
Convenors:
Lisa Eisner (USA)Matthew Baker (USA)
Kirill Kivva (Russia)

Introduction by
Workshop Convenors
Zhifeng Zhang(Invited)
Delivering quality
multi-parameter datafrom on-line monitoring
network in estuaries andbays: A case study in
Bohai Sea

9:45

Hidekatsu Yamazaki
Joint Environmental
Data Integration System:JEDI System in 2016

10:05

Genki Terauchi
Identification of potential eutrophic zones in
the Northwest Pacificregion10:10 Yu Kanaji
Spatio-temporal vari- 10:25
ations in the stablecarbon and nitrogenisotopic compositions of Delphinidae
species in the western
North Pacific
10:30 Coffee BreakW9

5th Floor:
BalboaDistribution and risk analysisof radionuclides in the North
Pacific
Convenors:
Yusheng Zhang (China)
Kathryn A. Higley (USA)8:55

Introduction by
Workshop Convenors

9:00

Introduction by
9:00
Workshop Convenors
Overview of data collection efforts/data sharing

9:10

Seth Danielson(Invited)
Currents and water mass
structure in and near the
Gulf of Anadyr

Núria Casacuberta(Invited)
Assessment of the
distribution of radionuclides (137Cs, 134Cs,
90
Sr, 129I, 236U and Puisotopes) in the coast
off Japan derived fromthe Fukushima Dai-ichi
nuclear accident

9:40

Alexander Zavolokin
9:40(Invited)
Impact of oceanographic
fluctuations on thenorthwestern Bering Sea
ecosystem

John N. Smith
Transport of the
Fukushima radioactivity
plume to the eastern
North Pacific

10:05

Hideki Kaeriyama
Five years monitoring
activity on radioactive
cesium in seawater
after the Fukushima
Dai-ichi Nuclear Power
Plant accident

10:10

Ellen M. Yasumiishi
Climate related changes
in abundance and range
shifts of pelagic fishes
and jellyfish in the eastern Bering Sea duringlate summer, 2002-2015

10:30

Yury Zuenko
10:30
Environmentally driven
variability of zooplankton composition in thenorthwestern Bering Sea
and its influence on thepollock fishery

Coffee BreakCoffee Break

17

W1

[Balboa 3]

Acidification of the North
Pacific Ocean: a basin-wide
assessment

W2[Balboa 1]

Convenors:
James Christian (Canada)
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)

Conditions promoting extreme
Pseudo-nitzschia events in theeastern Pacific but not thewestern PacificConvenors:
Vera Trainer (USA)Polina A. Kameneva (Russia)

10:50

10:50

Individual nationaldelegation presentations

11:25

12:00

12:20

W3 (Day 2)[Gaslamp 3] W4Distributions of habitat-forming
coral and sponge assemblages in
the North Pacific Ocean and factors
influencing their distributions
Convenors:
Kwang-Sik Choi (Korea)
Janelle Curtis (Canada)
Masashi Kiyota (Japan)
Chris Rooper (USA)Vera L. Trainer
10:50
Pseudo-nitzschia anddomoic acid on the USwest coast: State of ourknowledge and implications for the future

Model transfer; Future
projection[Gaslamp 2]

Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the
distribution of highly
migratory species
Convenors:
Gerard DiNardo (USA)
Chi-lu Sun (Chinese Taipei)

11:00

Stephanie Snyder
Crossing the line:
Albacore actively
exploit submesoscale
fronts to enhance
foraging success

11:30

Discussion

12:30

Lunch

Meredith L. Elliott
Pseudo-nitzschia
occurrence in thecentral California
Current

William P. Cochlan
The effects of temperature and ocean acidification on the growth
and toxicity of Pseudonitzschia australis fromthe California Current
upwelling system

Lunch
12:30
12:35

18

Lunch

Lunch

W6

[Salon A]

W7[Salon B]

Consumption of North Pacific Delivering quality multiforage species by marine
parameter data from the coastal
birds and mammals
ocean
Convenors:
Andrew Trites (Canada)
Elliott Hazen (USA)
Tsutomu Tamura (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

11:00 Julie A. Thayer(Invited)
Predator consumptionof forage species in
the California Current

11:30 Hiroko Sasaki
Spatial estimation of
prey consumption
by common minke,
Bryde’s and sei
whales in the western
North Pacific: A preliminary attempt

Convenors:
Akash Sastri (Canada)
Chuanxi Xing (China)

10:50

Naoki Yoshie
Monitoring of coastal
ocean in the Western
Seto Inland Sea, Japan

11:10

Chuanxi Xing
Analysis on the patterns
and formation dynamics of the summertime
coastal circulation
system in the western
Bohai Sea

11:30

W9

4th Floor:
Salon
Gaslamp5th Floor:
BalboaNovember 3(continued)[Salon D]

W10[Balboa 2]

The role of the northern Bering
Sea in modulating Arctic environments: Towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
Convenors:
Lisa Eisner (USA)Matthew Baker (USA)
Kirill Kivva (Russia)
10:50

Coffee Break

11:20

Lisa Eisner
Spatial and temporalvariations in late summer chlorophyll a andzooplankton distributions in the northeastern
Bering Sea

11:40

Discussion

Distribution and risk analysisof radionuclides in the North
Pacific
Convenors:
Yusheng Zhang (China)
Kathryn A. Higley (USA)

10:50

Takami Morita
Radioactive cesiumin marine biota off
Fukushima

11:15

Shizuho Miki
Concentrations ofstrontium-90 in marine
fishes after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant accident

11:40

Daisuke Ambe
Spatio-temporal variation of radiocesium insea sediment aroundoff Fukushima

12:05

Jinqiu Du
Distribution of radionuclides in sedimentand sedimentation rates
in Dalian Bay

12:30

Lunch

Discussion

11:50 Andrew W. Trites
Simple models to
predict daily energy
requirements may
not yield accurate
estimates of prey
consumption bymarine mammals in
the North Pacific
12:10 George L Hunt, Jr
Prey consumption bymarine birds in theeastern Bering Sea:
Variability over time
12:30 Lunch

12:30

Lunch

12:30

Lunch

13:45 Introduction - goal ofafternoon workshop

19

W1

[Balboa 3]

Acidification of the North
Pacific Ocean: a basin-wide
assessment
Convenors:
James Christian (Canada)
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)

W2

14:00

Zhongyong Gao
14:00
Variations of carbon
uptake and ocean
acidification in the
Bering Sea and Western Arctic Ocean
from 1999 to 2014

14:20

Simone Alin
Reconstructing ocean 14:25
acidification in deepcoastal and estuarine
waters of the northeastern Pacific Ocean(Cascadia Margin):
A crab’s eye view

14:40

15:20

[Balboa 1]

Conditions promoting extreme
Pseudo-nitzschia events in theeastern Pacific but not thewestern PacificConvenors:
Vera Trainer (USA)Polina A. Kameneva (Russia)

20

Distributions of habitat-forming
coral and sponge assemblages in
the North Pacific Ocean and factors
influencing their distributions
Convenors:
Kwang-Sik Choi (Korea)
Janelle Curtis (Canada)
Masashi Kiyota (Japan)
Chris Rooper (USA)Lin Yang
14:00
Pseudo-nitzschia harmful algal blooms (HAB)in the coast of China

Weol-Ae Lim
Temporal changes andtoxicity of Pseudonitzschia species in
Korean coastal waters

Breakout sessions
14:50

Tamara Russell
Pseudo-nitzschia spp.
and domoic acid in thewaters of Haida Gwaii,
British Columbia: A
summary of occurrences and details onanthropogenic andenvironmental considerations

15:15

Devan Johnson
Pseudo-nitzschia
species and domoic
acid in southeast
Vancouver Island,
November 2015 to July
2016

15:40

Anthony Odell
Washington State
Pacific coast Pseudonitzschia bloom of
2016

Discussion

W3 (Day 2)[Gaslamp 3] W4Application of the SDM
technique to otherspecies (e.g., shalllowwater corals)[Gaslamp 2]

Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the
distribution of highly
migratory species
Convenors:
Gerard DiNardo (USA)
Chi-lu Sun (Chinese Taipei)

14:00

Discussion

W6[Salon A]

W7[Salon B]

Consumption of North Pacific Delivering quality multiforage species by marine
parameter data from the coastal
birds and mammals
ocean
Convenors:
Andrew Trites (Canada)
Elliott Hazen (USA)
Tsutomu Tamura (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

Convenors:
Akash Sastri (Canada)
Chuanxi Xing (China)

14:00 How to estimate foodconsumption (birds Julie Thayer)

14:00

Rich Pawlowicz(Invited)
What do we do withobservatory data?
A user’s perspective

W9

4th Floor:
Salon
Gaslamp[Salon D]

The role of the northern Bering
Sea in modulating Arctic environments: Towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
Convenors:
Lisa Eisner (USA)Matthew Baker (USA)
Kirill Kivva (Russia)

5th Floor:
BalboaW10

November 3(continued)[Balboa 2]

Distribution and risk analysisof radionuclides in the North
Pacific
Convenors:
Yusheng Zhang (China)
Kathryn A. Higley (USA)

14:00

Kirill Kivva (Invited)
14:00
Summer water masses
and fish communities in
the north-western Bering
and western Chukchi
Seas in 2003-2010

14:30

Jared Weems
Crab larvae in the northeastern Bering Sea andsouthern Chukchi Sea:
Abundance relative towater masses in 2012

14:50

Edward Farley
Defining critical periods
for Yukon River
Chinook salmon

Jianhua He
Effect of settle time on
absorption of AMP to137
Cs in co-precipitation method

14:15 How to estimate foodconsumption (mammals - Andrew Trites)

14:30 Dietary information& methodologicalbiases (birds - Yutaka
Watanuki)

14:45 Dietary information& methodologicalbiases (mammals Andrew Trites)

15:00 Desired spatial
resolution (Elliot
Hazen)

15:15 Seasonality &decadal changes(Tsutomu Tamura)
15:30 Population abundancesand distributions(birds - TBA)

15:45 Population abundances and distributions(mammals - TBA)

14:45

15:05

15:25

Marlene Jeffries
Data quality assurance/
quality control approaches for coastal
ocean multi-parameterdata from a cabled
observatory in the NE
subarctic PacificWiley Evans
Tracking ocean acidifi15:10
cation in coastal settings
using land-based BurkeO-Lator pCO2/TCO2
Analyzers
Discussion
15:30

14:25

Kyung Tae Jung
Preliminary resultsfrom modeling ofradionuclide transfer
through marine food
web using a multiorgan fish model

14:50

Wu MenMarine radioactive
environmental quality
assessment method of
China

Albert J. Hermann
Statistical downscalingof global projections to
the Bering Sea, based on 15:15
an ensemble of regionalmodel output
Matthew Baker
Opportunities for data
sharing in the northern
Bering Sea – Researchand data to support international and interdisciplinary analyses

15:40

Jinzhao Zhang
The in-situ measurement of ocean radioactive base on HPGe
detector

Allen H. Andrews
Nuclear bombs andcoral: Guam coral
core reveals operationspecific radiocarbon
signals from the Pacific
Proving Grounds
21

W1[Balboa 3]

Acidification of the North
Pacific Ocean: a basin-wide
assessment
Convenors:
James Christian (Canada)
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)

W2[Balboa 1]

Conditions promoting extreme
Pseudo-nitzschia events in theeastern Pacific but not thewestern PacificConvenors:
Vera Trainer (USA)Polina A. Kameneva (Russia)

W3 (Day 2)[Gaslamp 3] W4Distributions of habitat-forming
coral and sponge assemblages in
the North Pacific Ocean and factors
influencing their distributions
Convenors:
Kwang-Sik Choi (Korea)
Janelle Curtis (Canada)
Masashi Kiyota (Japan)
Chris Rooper (USA)[Gaslamp 2]

Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the
distribution of highly
migratory species
Convenors:
Gerard DiNardo (USA)
Chi-lu Sun (Chinese Taipei)

Discussion (cont)16:00

Coffee Break
16:05

16:20

Presentation of
results of breakout
sessions, final discussion and next steps

17:30

End

22

Coffee Break

16:20

Synthesis

18:00

End

Coffee Break

Breakout sessions

16:50

16:00

16:25

Discussion aboutpublication on Pseudonitzschia

18:00

End

18:00

End

W6

[Salon A]

W7[Salon B]

Consumption of North Pacific Delivering quality multiforage species by marine
parameter data from the coastal
birds and mammals
ocean
Convenors:
Andrew Trites (Canada)
Elliott Hazen (USA)
Tsutomu Tamura (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

Convenors:
Akash Sastri (Canada)
Chuanxi Xing (China)

W9

16:00

5th Floor:
Balboa[Salon D]

W10

The role of the northern Bering
Sea in modulating Arctic environments: Towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
Convenors:
Lisa Eisner (USA)Matthew Baker (USA)
Kirill Kivva (Russia)

15:50
16:00 Coffee Break

4th Floor:
Salon
Gaslamp17:00 Groups report back

16:20

[Balboa 2]

Distribution and risk analysisof radionuclides in the North
Pacific
Convenors:
Yusheng Zhang (China)
Kathryn A. Higley (USA)

Coffee BreakCoffee Break
16:05

16:20 Indentifying available data; 2 groups(birds & mammals)
to fill in spreadsheet;data sought: diets,
population numbers,
distributions

November 3(continued)

Yeseul Kim
Optical discriminationof Cochlodinium
polykrikoides blooms
from non-harmful
blooms in Korean
coastal waters

16:40

Akash Sastri
Real-time sea-surface
measurements ofcoloured dissolved
organic matter (CDOM)in the Strait of Georgia,
Canada: Developing
techniques to accountfor sensor fouling

17:00

Discussion

16:20

Open discussion and ask
audience to show slides 16:25
of other datasets

Coffee BreakDiscussion

17:15 Consensus on how toproceed with estimating food consumption
by birds and mammals in the N Pacific
17:30 Proposal for
PICES-2017 meeting
18:00 End

17:30
18:00

End

End
18:00

End

23

Friday,
S-HAB[Balboa 1]

W5[Salon A]

Meeting of the Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal
Blooms in the North Pacific

Modeling effects of climate change on fish and fisheries

Convenors:
Douding Lu (China)
Vera Trainer (USA)

Convenors:
Anne B. Hollowed (USA)Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)

9:00

Introduction by Section Convenors

9:15

Weo-Ae Lim
Korea Country Report

9:30

Vera Trainer
USA Country Report

9:45

Setsuko Sakamoto, Ryuji Kuwahara,
Ichiro ImaiJapan Country Report

10:00

Hao Guo
China Country Report

10:15

Nikky HaighCanada Country Report

10:30

Coffee Break

11:00

Russia Country Report

Joo-Hwan Kim
First record of the genus Azadinium(Dinophyceae) from the Puget Sound, western Washington State

11:15

8:55

Introduction by Workshop Convenors

9:05

Michio Kawamiya (Invited)
Earth system and climate modeling activities toward
CMIP6 in Japan: A review

9:30

John Keith Pinnegar (Invited)
CERES (Climate change and European aquatic
RESources): Socio-political scenarios for use
alongside climate change projections

9:55

Phoebe A. Woodworth-Jefcoats
Climate change is projected to reduce carrying
capacity in North Pacific pelagic marine ecosystems

10:15

Kirstin Holsman
The Alaska Climate-change Integrated Modelingproject (ACLIM): Identifying impacts and management solutions for Eastern Bering Sea fisheries

10:35

Coffee Break

10:50

Sukgeun Jung
Climate-change driven range shifts of exploitablechub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) projected by
bio-physical coupling individual based model in thewestern North Pacific

11:10

Shin-ichi Ito
Updated plan for modeling effects of climate change
on fish and fisheries in the western North Pacific
Ocean

Lightning talks: Reports from S-CCME members(8 min each with 2 min for questions)
11:30

24

Canada, Jacquelynne King4th Floor:
Salon

November 4
W8

5th Floor:
BalboaNovember 4[Salon B]

Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the North Pacific:
History and new challenges
Convenors:
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Hiromichi Ueno (Japan)
Annalisa Bracco (USA)8:55

Introduction by Workshop Convenors

9:00

Sachihiko Itoh (Invited)
Finescale variability of isopycnal salinity in the southern California Current
System9:30

Yasuhide Kobayashi
Eddy trajectory in a closed rectangular oceanic basin

9:50

Young-Gyu Park
Mesoscale and submesoscale wavenumber spectra from the Geostationary
Ocean Color Imager (GOCI)

10:10

Hiromichi Ueno
Mesoscale eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific

10:30

Coffee Break

10:50

Discussion

25

S-HAB[Balboa 1]

W5[Salon A]

Meeting of the Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal
Blooms in the North Pacific

Modeling effects of climate change on fish and fisheries

Convenors:
Douding Lu (China)
Vera Trainer (USA)

Convenors:
Anne B. Hollowed (USA)Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)

11:40

12:05

Svetlana Esenkulova
A review of unusual phytoplankton dynamics
and oceanographic conditions favoring
diatom growth in the Strait of Georgia,
Canada 2015
Clarissa Anderson
Harmful algal bloom warning system forfisheries and marine mammal management

Lightning talks: Reports from S-CCME members(8 min each with 2 min for questions) (cont)
11:40

China

11:50

Japan

12:00

Korea, Suam Kim

12:10

Russia, Yury Zuenko

12:20

California Current USA

12:30

Lunch

12:30

Lunch

14:00

Charles Trick and Vera Trainer
Update on MAFF project, Marine Ecosystem
Health and Human Well Being

14:00

Reports from other S-CCME members and discussion

14:20

Mark Wells
14:20
Joint ICES/PICES/GEOHAB symposium on
HABs and Climate Change, update

Jonathan HareA review of species distribution modeling in the
Northeast U.S. Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem

14:40

Henrik Enevoldsen and Vera Trainer
14:40
The joint Harmful Algal Bloom Programme
and International Oceanographic Data andInformation Exchange Harmful Algae Information System: An update and country maps

Alan C. Haynie
Report on the 2016 ICES/PICES Workshop on
Economic Modelling of the Effects of Climate
Change on Fish and Fisheries

15:00

Vera Trainer
Global HAB

15:00

Discussion selecting representative fishing pathways

15:20

Takufumi Yoshida
NOWPAP

15:30

Discussion techniques for cold or warm bias
corrections and incorporating ESM data into
projection models

15:40

Toyomitsu Horii
FUTURE

16:00

Coffee Break

16:00

Coffee Break

16:20

Masahito Hirota
New MAFF project

16:20

Discussion on future plans

18:00

End

18:00

End

26

4th Floor:
Salon

W8

5th Floor:
BalboaNovember 4(continued)[Salon B]

Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the North Pacific:
History and new challenges
Convenors:
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Hiromichi Ueno (Japan)
Annalisa Bracco (USA)

12:30

Lunch

14:00

Naomi M. Levine (Invited)
Competition in a patchy world: Submesoscale dynamics, phytoplankton
growth, and carbon export in the oligotrophic North Pacific

14:30

Elena I. Ustinova
Mesoscale structures and Pacific saury fishing grounds in the Northwestern
Pacific

14:50

Dongfeng Xu
The cross-shelf transport by the eddy-pair in the Northern South China Sea
in June 2015

15:10

Discussion

16:00

Coffee Break

16:20

Discussion

18:00

End

27

Monday, November 7[Grand Ballroom, 4th Floor]

Session 1: Science Board Symposium
25 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future
Convenors:
Thomas Therriault (SB), Angelica Peña (BIO), Elizabeth Logerwell (FIS)
Chuanlin Huo (MEQ), Jennifer Boldt (MONITOR), Kyung-Il Chang (POC)
Toru Suzuki (TCODE), Steven Bograd (FUTURE), Hiroaki Saito (FUTURE)
Igor Shevchenko (Russia)

Ryan R. Rykaczewski (Keynote)
Projecting ecosystem consequences of climate variability and change:
Aspirations for the next 25 years of PICES
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Research associated with the goals of PICES has transformed scientific perceptions of ecosystem variability. The vibrant forums of PICES meetings and coordinated efforts by scientists from participating regions
have stimulated understanding of the relationships between large-scale atmospheric processes, oceanographic
conditions, and marine ecosystems--notably at decadal scales. Even while the mechanisms of decadal scalevariability continue to be investigated, the PICES community must also devote attention to changes associated with increasing greenhouse gas emissions. Our improving understanding of low-frequency, climateecosystem interactions may inform understanding of ecosystem responses to anthropogenic climate change.
However, responses to climate change will be unlike responses to natural variability. Recognized patternsof natural climate variability have been characterized as oscillatory in space, with signs of change that differ
regionally. Anthropogenic change, in contrast, is expected to result in large-scale physical forcing of a similarsign throughout ocean basins; as concentrations of carbon dioxide rise, surface temperatures, water-column
stratification, and ocean acidity will increase in nearly all regions. Projecting the consequences of suchforcing on other physical characteristics, biogeochemical properties (namely subsurface dissolved oxygen
content, carbonate speciation, nutrient supply, and primary production) is possible. However, understanding ecosystem responses at scales relevant to individual populations, community structure, fisheries, andhuman society remains extremely challenging, particularly as conditions cross thresholds not experienced in
the recent past. Physical, chemical, and biological anomalies in the Northeast Pacific over the last several
years have demonstrated the insufficiency of describing of conditions using a combination of well recognizedatmosphere-ocean modes.
During the next 25 years, marine scientists will face the challenge of distinguishing the effects of anthropogenic climate change from those of natural variability, fisheries exploitation, and other anthropogenic stressors. Investigations of the frequency, intensity, and spatial patterns of natural variability, their sensitivities toclimate change, and their ecological consequences are necessary. Developing technologies and increasing
computational power provide research opportunities that were nearly inconceivable two decades ago, butmaintaining and expanding long-term ocean observing systems capable of concurrent physical, chemical,
and biological measurements remains essential for resolving changes relevant to biogeochemical cycles andecosystem structure. Creating conceptual and operational models that can relate physical variability to human society, represent ecological mechanisms that are robust to climate change, and convey appropriate
levels of uncertainty will be critical. Developing “objective advice on scientific questions with great practical
implications” was one of the primary justifications for the creation of PICES. We continue to make progress
toward this goal, but effectively applying new oceanographic understanding to improve management of marine resources remains difficult. Achieving this goal requires consideration of both short-term model forecastswith practical utility as well as long-term model projections with more strategic emphasis. Continued multinational collaboration among PICES members and partnerships with other marine science organizations are
crucial to addressing these challenges.

28

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

November 7

11:15

Philip Munday (Invited)
Predicting evolutionary responses to climate change in the sea: Progress and challenges

11:45

Alan C. Haynie (Invited)
Why people matter: Past and future analysis of the role of humans in marine ecosystems

12:15

Robert Blasiak (*)
Applying fractionalization indices to transboundary fish stocks to forecast future conflict
hotspots

12:35

Lunch

14:00

Cornelius Hammer (Invited)
PICES-ICES Cooperation: Where we are and where to go?

14:30

Guido Marinone (Invited)
Oceanography of the Mexican Pacific Ocean: An interactive region between north and south

15:00

Luis Valdés
The UN role in for ocean science and ocean governance

15:20

Jeffrey Polovina
Recent advances, ongoing challenges, and future directions in ecosystem approaches tofisheries management in the central North Pacific

15:40

Sanae Chiba
Can we use zooplankton diversity to fill the global indicator gap of the Aichi Biodiversity
Target 10?

16:00

Coffee Break

16:20

Essam Yassin Mohammed (Invited)
Harnessing blue capital for blue growth: Why invest?

16:50

Shang Chen
Marine Ecological Capital: Assessment, management and investment

17:10

Naomi Harada (Invited)
Potential environmental changes in the western Arctic and the western North Pacific:
Their impacts on lower trophic level organisms

17:40

Maciej Telszewski
Future Global Ocean Observing System – Built on requirements, promoting alignment,delivering relevant information

18:00

William J. Sydeman
Marine birds, mammals and PICES: History and roadmap for the future

18:20

End

29

Tuesday,
Plenary
9:00

Phillip R. Mundy (S1)
A reference frame of environmental time series observations for detecting change in North Pacific Ecosystems;
the North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report

9:30

James T. Carlton (S8)Life rafts on the open sea: Successful long-term transoceanic transport of coastal marine organisms by marine
debris

10:00

Robert M. Suryan (S5)Making the most of satellite-derived oceanographic data and habitat use models to understand species
distributions

10:30

Coffee BreakS5[Salon D, E]

S6[Salon B]

Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species
Distributions and Habitat Models based on RemotelySensed Data

What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?

Convenors:
Patrick O’Hara (Canada)
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

Convenors:
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)Jameal Samhouri (USA)Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Jennifer Boldt (Canada)

10:50

Elizabeth A. Becker
Moving towards dynamic ocean management:
How well do modeled ocean products predict species distributions?

10:50

Masashi Kiyota (Invited)
Response of commercial fisheries and a top
predator to long-term ecosystem fluctuations in
the western North Pacific Ocean off northeastern
Japan

11:10

Sei-Ichi Saitoh
Spatio-temporal patterns of potential fishing zones
for Pacific saury in a warming climate

11:10

Charles Stock
Trophodynamic drivers of global fisheries catch

11:30

Daniel M. Palacios
Modeling blue whale movement behavior in relation to environmental conditions in the California
Current from satellite tracking and remote sensing

11:30

Jennifer Boldt
Juvenile Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) trophic
linkages in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

11:50

Daniela Y. Munguía-Cajigas (*)
Foraging patterns of Laysan Albatross from
Guadalupe Island, Mexico and their relation to
oceanographic variables from the California
Current System

11:50

Lianggen Wang (*)
Role of small copepod in four genera (Calocalanus, Clausocalanus, Farranula and Oithona) inSouth China Sea fisheries resources conservation

12:10

Jarrod Santora
Submarine canyons and essential krill habitat:
Implications for modeling distribution patterns
under climate change

12:10

Sonia Batten
A comparison of trophic linkages across the
PICES region, based on Continuous Plankton
Recorder data

12:30

Lunch

12:30

Lunch

30

November 8
Floor 4

November 8(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S7[Salon A]

S11 (Day 1)[Salon C]

New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of
Oceanic Ecosystem including Fisheries Resources

Advances in Understanding and Modeling of PhysicalProcesses in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of
PICES and Future Directions

Convenors:
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)
Jun Kita (Japan)
Debby Ianson (Canada)
John Pinnegar (ICES / UK)

Convenors:
Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Steven Bograd (USA)10:50

Tsuneo Ono
Introduction by Convenor

10:55

Steve Widdicombe (Invited)
Ocean acidification: What can species responses
tell us about ecosystem consequences?

11:25

George G. Waldbusser (Invited)
Coastal zone acidification and bivalves: Carbonate
chemistry complexity, high frequency variability,
and organism interactions, oh my!

10:50

Ichiro Yasuda (Invited)
Ocean mixing processes: Impact on biogeochemistry, climate and ecosystems

11:15

M. Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez
Oceanographic conditions facilitating the formation and propagation of a novel coccolithophore
bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel

11:35

Olga Trusenkova
Long-term sea level variation in the Japan/East
Sea from two decades of altimetry data

11:55

Carrie A. Holt
Effects of ocean acidification on temperate coastal
marine ecosystems and fisheries in the Northeast
Pacific

11:55

Sayaka Yasunaka
Long-term variability of surface nutrient concentrations in the North Pacific

12:15

Short introductions of posters

12:15

12:30

Lunch

Makoto Kashiwai
Mechanism of warming the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water, from consideration on theseasonal cycle

12:35

Lunch
31

S5

[Salon D, E]

S6[Salon B]

Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species
Distributions and Habitat Models based on RemotelySensed Data

What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?

Convenors:
Patrick O’Hara (Canada)
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

Convenors:
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)Jameal Samhouri (USA)Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Jennifer Boldt (Canada)

14:00

Elliott L. Hazen
Forecasting bycatch and ship strike risk for
dynamic ocean management in the California
Current

14:00

Kenneth A. Rose (Invited)Linear and non-linear responses of marine andcoastal fish populations to physics and habitat:
A view from the virtual world

14:20

Bungo Nishizawa (*)
Seasonal distribution of short-tailed shearwaters
and their prey in the Bering and Chukchi seas

14:20

Konstantin Rogachev
Effects of freshwater discharge and tidal currents
on zooplankton aggregations in the coastal Sea of
Okhotsk

14:40

Trevor W. Joyce (*)
Relationships between seabird, tuna, and dolphin
foraging aggregations and El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the oceanic eastern tropical Pacific

14:40

Julie E. Keister
Cryptic trophic connections to juvenile salmon
survival are revealed by a zooplankton time series

15:00

Vladimir V. Kulik (*)
Climate change impacts on distribution patterns ofboreopacific gonate squid (Boreoteuthis borealis)in the Northwest Pacific

15:00

C. Anela Choy (*)
New insights on the trophic diversity of pelagic“forage species” in the central North Pacific andnorthern California Current ecosystems

15:20

Brian Wells
Salmon prey assemblages and oceanographic conditions along the California Current shelfecosystem

15:20

Hitomi Oyaizu (*)
Modeling recruitment variability of Pacific saury(Cololabis saira) using an individual-based model

15:40

George L. Hunt, Jr.
Eastern Bering Sea seabirds shift distributions in
response to timing of sea-ice retreat

15:40

Kelly Kearney (*)
A comparison of Bering Sea ecosystem energy
pathways in warm versus cold years

32(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S7[Salon A]

S11 (Day 1)

November 8 (continued)
Floor 4

[Salon C]

New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of
Oceanic Ecosystem including Fisheries Resources

Advances in Understanding and Modeling of PhysicalProcesses in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of
PICES and Future Directions

Convenors:
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)
Jun Kita (Japan)
Debby Ianson (Canada)
John Pinnegar (ICES / UK)

Convenors:
Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Steven Bograd (USA)

14:00

Richard A. Feely
The 2016 NOAA west coast ocean acidification
cruise

14:20

Jinwen Liu (*)
Respiration and enhanced ocean acidification in the 14:25
hypoxic zone off the Changjiang estuary

14:40

Katherine M. Swiney
Ocean acidification and increased temperatures
reduce young-of-the-year red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) survival, but not growth ormorphology

15:00

Cristina Villalobos (*)
Interactive effects of ocean acidification and ocean
warming on Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) earlylife stages

15:20

Thomas P. Hurst
Nutritional and ocean acidification effects on larval 15:25
growth of a North Pacific flatfish

15:40

Jonathan Reum (*)
Identifying potential ecosystem effects of ocean
15:45
acidification using size structured food web models

14:00

Vyacheslav B. Lobanov (Invited)
Recent advances and future perspectives in theunderstanding of mesoscale water dynamics in
the Japan/East Sea
Hanna Na (*)
Mesoscale-eddy-induced variability of flow
through the Kerama Gap between the East China
Sea and the western North Pacific

14:45

Hiromichi Ueno
Studies on mesoscale eddies in the subarctic
North Pacific

15:05

William Crawford
Mesoscale eddies of the Northeast Pacific Ocean

Cheryl Harrison (*)
The effect of mesoscale circulation on biological production and carbon export in the North
Pacific
Hally B. Stone
Reconciling perspectives of upwelling system
dynamics and basin-scale drivers on
shelf water variability in the Pacific Northwest
coastal ocean33

16:00Coffee Break

S5

16:00

[Salon D, E]

Coffee BreakS6[Salon B]

Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species
Distributions and Habitat Models based on RemotelySensed Data

What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?

Convenors:
Patrick O’Hara (Canada)
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)

Convenors:
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)Jameal Samhouri (USA)Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Jennifer Boldt (Canada)

16:20

Irene D. Alabia (*)
Bioclimatic velocity for walleye pollock in the
Bering Sea

16:20

Brian Wells
Caught in the middle: Top-down impact ofseabirds on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) is dependent on bottom-up
mechanisms

16:40

Dorothy M. Dick (*)
Forecasting the flock: Using species distribution
models to evaluate the effects of climate change on
future seabird foraging aggregations in the California Current System

16:40

Yoichi Miyake
Shoreward intrusions of Kuroshio waters may
influence the recruitment of a top predator in river
ecosystems

17:00

Hiromichi Igarashi
Adaptive improvement of habitat suitability index(HSI) model for neon flying squid in central North
Pacific by using ocean forecasts and real-timefishery reports

17:00

Adam J. Schlenger (*)
Temporal variability of net primary production
drives global patterns of structure and function
across multiple marine ecosystems

17:20

Juan P. Zwolinski
Use of a potential habitat model to reduce
uncertainty in surveys of Pacific sardine

17:20

Kirstin Holsman
Suboptimal thermal conditions and spatial
mismatch between predators and prey and may
limit walleye pollock growth under climatechange17:40

Matthew Baker
Integrating species environmental thresholds to
explore species interactions and parameterize
multi-species models

17:40

James J. Ruzicka
Comparing the roles of physical context and foodweb structure among continental shelf ecosystems
using intermediate complexity end-to-end models

18:00

End

18:00

End

18:30
21:00

Poster Session34

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

16:00

Coffee Break

S7

16:05

[Salon A]

November 8 (continued)
Floor 4End of S11, Day 1

S8 (Day 1)[Salon C]

New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of
Oceanic Ecosystem including Fisheries Resources

The Effect of Marine Debris caused by theGreat Tsunami of 2011

Convenors:
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)
Jun Kita (Japan)
Debby Ianson (Canada)
John Pinnegar (ICES / UK)

Convenors:
Cathryn Clarke Murray (Canada)
Nancy Wallace (USA)
Hideaki Maki (Japan)
Thomas Therriault (Canada)

16:20

John Keith Pinnegar (Invited)
Ocean acidification research in the United
Kingdom: Scaling from chemistry to commercial
fisheries

16:50

Masahiro Hayashi
Effects of ocean acidification on growth of juvenile
Japanese surf clam Pseudocardium sachalinense

17:10

Robert J. Foy
Sustainability of crab fisheries with ocean
acidification uncertainty in Alaska

17:30

Masahiko Fujii
Anticipated impacts of ocean acidification on local
societies in Japan

17:50

Tsuneo Ono
Wrap up

18:00

End

16:20

Introduction by Convenors
Maki/Wallace/Therriault

16:25

Nancy Wallace
Responding to the debris generated by the Great
Tsunami of 2011

16:40

Masafumi Kamachi
Drift simulation of Japan Tsunami Marine Debris(JTMD) as an application of data assimilation

17:00

Nikolai Maximenko
Modeling the drift of marine debris generated by
the 2011 tsunami in Japan

17:20

Sherry Lippiatt (*)
The NOAA Marine Debris Monitoring andAssessment Project: Four years of effort in the
U.S. Pacific States

17:40

Cathryn Clarke Murray (*)
The influx of marine debris to North American
shorelines after the Great Tsunami of 2011

18:00

End

35

Wednesday,
S8 (Day 2)[Salon D, E]

S9 (Day 1)[Salon B]

The Effect of Marine Debris caused by theGreat Tsunami of 2011

Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems
under a Changing Climate

Convenors:
Cathryn Clarke Murray (Canada)
Nancy Wallace (USA)
Hideaki Maki (Japan)
Thomas Therriault (Canada)

Convenors:
Franz Mueter (USA)Ken Drinkwater (Norway)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Emanuele Di Lorenzo (USA)

9:00

Benjamin Planque (Invited)
Marine ecosystem resilience, what is it and how can wemeasure it?

9:30

Mary E. Hunsicker
Early warning signals of declining resilience and abrupt
transitions in ocean ecosystems

9:00

Introduction by Convenors

9:05

Shin’ichiro Kako
Sequential monitoring of marine debris washedashore on a western US beach using a webcam
system9:25

Tomoya Kataoka (*)
Accumulation of beach litter in Vancouver
Island, Canada

9:45

Atsuhiko Isobe
An estimate of the tsunami-debris quantity
9:50
washed ashore on the US and Canadian beaches,
based on a webcam monitoring and a particle
tracking model experiment

10:05 John W. Chapman
Crustaceans adrift: Multiyear observations ofAsian marine amphipods, isopods, and tanaids
arriving in North American shores on open
ocean drift objects generated by the 2011
Japanese Tsunami
10:25 Coffee BreakYongjun Tian
Status and trend of four commercially important coastal
cephalopods in China Seas: An overview with
implications for climate change

10:10 Koji Sugie (*)
Effects of high-CO2 and temperature on the dynamics ofplankton communities in the subarctic Pacific

10:30 Coffee Break

10:50 Hiroshi Kawai
Genetic diversity and biogeography of themacroalgal species associated with the Japanese
tsunami marine debris

10:50 Kenneth L. Denman
A model simulation of the adaptive evolution throughmutation of the coccolithophore Emiliania huxleyi basedon a published laboratory study

11:10 Nancy Treneman
The fate of wood at sea: shipworms (Bivalvia:
Teredinidae) in woody debris from the 2011
Japanese tsunami

11:10 Salvador E. Lluch-Cota
Detection of a geographically fixed center of highabundance of macroinvertebrates along the west coast of
Baja California

36November 9
Floor 4(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

November 9
S11 (Day 2)[Salon A]

S13[Salon C]

Advances in Understanding and Modeling of PhysicalProcesses in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES
and Future Directions

Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances andChallenges in Multi-parameter Observations

Convenors:
Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Steven Bograd (USA)

Convenors:
Vyacheslav B. Lobanov (Russia)
Matthew Baker (USA)Sung Yong Kim (Korea)
John Barth, USA (USA)Daisuke Ambe (Japan)

9:00

Michael Foreman (Invited)
Linking technological and POC advances over the
past 25 years

9:25

Fangli Qiao
Wave turbulence interaction induced vertical mixing
and its effects in ocean and climate models

9:45

Chanhyung Jeon (*)
Distribution of near-inertial waves in the mixed anddeep layers of the East/Japan Sea using ahigh-resolution wind-forced ocean model

10:05 Daji Huang
Synoptic variability of wintertime wind-driven
circulation in the Bohai, Yellow and East China seas

10:25 Coffee Break

9:00

Introduction by Convenors

9:05

Hidekatsu Yamazaki (Invited)
Coastal observation systems to monitor physical,
chemical and biological parameters

9:30

Jinyong Jeong
Introduction to the Ocean Research Stations (ORSs)
in Korea and application activities

9:50

David M. Anderson
Recording extreme events in the multi-parameter
Central and Northern California Ocean Observing
System (CeNCOOS)

10:10 Sung Yong Kim
Probing multi-scale oceanic signals from the coast

10:30 Coffee Break

10:50 Jerome Fiechter (Invited)
10:50 Richard Dewey
Regional and climate forcing on forage fish and apex
Using multiple platforms to assess a potential link
predators in the California Current: New insights
between the North Pacific warm anomaly (the ‘Blob’)
from a fully coupled ecosystem modeland anomalous conditions in the Salish Sea during
2015
11:15 Romeo Saldívar-Lucio (*)
Macro-scale patterns in upwelling/downwelling
activity along the North American west coast

11:10 Brian P. V. Hunt
From marine terrestrial interactions to the “warmblob”: Integrating land-ocean-atmospheric researchin a coastal observatory framework37

S8 (Day 2)[Salon D, E]

S9 (Day 1)[Salon B]

The Effect of Marine Debris caused by theGreat Tsunami of 2011

Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems
under a Changing Climate

Convenors:
Cathryn Clarke Murray (Canada)
Nancy Wallace (USA)
Hideaki Maki (Japan)
Thomas Therriault (Canada)

Convenors:
Franz Mueter (USA)Ken Drinkwater (Norway)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Emanuele Di Lorenzo (USA)11:30 Jonathan Geller
DNA barcoding of potential Japanese tsunami
marine debris-associated invaders of U.S. andCanadian waters

11:30 Caren Barceló (*)
Identifying climatically resilient or sensitive locations in
the Northern California Current using partitioned
beta-diversity

11:50 Jocelyn C. Nelson (*)
The invasion risk of invertebrate species
associated with Japanese tsunami marine debris
in North America and Hawaii

11:50 Paul Spencer
Climate vulnerability analysis of eastern Bering Sea fish
and invertebrate stocks

12:10 Gregory M. Ruiz
Detection of non-native species in North
America: Effects of the large-scale arrival of
biota on Japanese tsunami marine debris(JTMD)?

12:10 Ekaterina P. Kurilova (*)
Resilience and adaptation of marine ecosystems in
Vanina Bay, Sea of Japan: Past, present and scenarios forthe future

12:30 End

12:30 End

38

November 9 (continued)
Floor 4(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S11 (Day 2)[Salon A]

S13[Salon C]

Advances in Understanding and Modeling of PhysicalProcesses in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES
and Future Directions

Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances andChallenges in Multi-parameter Observations

Convenors:
Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Steven Bograd (USA)

Convenors:
Vyacheslav B. Lobanov (Russia)
Matthew Baker (USA)Sung Yong Kim (Korea)
John Barth, USA (USA)Daisuke Ambe (Japan)

11:35 Andrey G. Andreev
The seasonal and interannual variability of circulation in the eastern and western Okhotsk Sea and its
impact on plankton biomass
11:55 Nicholas A. BondThe response of Northeast Pacific Ocean circulation
to recent atmospheric forcing
12:15 Alexander Kurapov
Anomalous oceanic conditions along the US West
Coast in 2014: Inferences from a high resolution
regional ocean model
12:35 End

11:30 Yang Luo
Water quality comparison and ecologicalenvironment assessment during major and minor
tides in near sea area of Fujian Province
11:50 Tetjana Ross
Multi-parameter observations of whales, zooplankton
and hydrography on the west coast of Vancouver
Island using ocean gliders
12:10 David W. Welch
Advances in the science and technology underlying
measurement of survival of juvenile fish in the ocean

12:30 End

39

Thursday,
Plenary (S10) [Grand Ballroom]
9:00

Richard B. Rivkin
Influence of phytoplankton-bacterial coupling on the export of biogenic carbon in the ocean: Insights from ironenrichment experiments

9:20

Colleen Petrik (*)
The response of fisheries production to natural and anthropogenic forcing: Past, present and future

9:40

Michael Litzow
Non-analogue ecosystem states in the Gulf of Alaska

10:00

Ivonne Ortiz
Applications of downscaled regional ocean biophysical models: Forecasting indicators and fish habitat

10:20

Coffee BreakS2[Salon D, E]

S4[Salon A]

Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictorsof Climate Variability and Ecosystem Change

Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive
Ecology of Marine Populations

Convenors:
Richard Brodeur (USA)Tony Koslow (USA)Ian Perry (Canada)Moto Takahashi (Japan)

Convenors:
John Field (USA)
Sandi Neidetcher (USA)Michio Yoneda (Japan)
Sukgeun Jung (Korea)

10:50

Jonathan Hare (Invited)
Climate change, stock identification, and the
distribution of early life stages

11:15

Benjamin Laurel
Climate-driven growth potential affects
11:20
recruitment signals in coastal age-0 cod surveys
from the Atlantic and Pacific

11:35

Lu Guan (*)
Decadal-scale changes in larval fish abundanceand composition in the Strait of Georgia(British Columbia, Canada)

40

10:50

Olav Sigurd Kjesbu (Invited)
Crucial factors affecting reproductive investment ofmarine fishes in a changing climate

Richard S. McBride (Invited)
Fish responses to climate variation along a capitalincome breeding continuumNovember 10
Floor 4

November 10

S10(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist[Salon B]

S12[Salon C]

The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural andAnthropogenic Forcing: Past, Present and Future

Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in
Ocean Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North PacificConvenors:
Steven Bograd (USA)
Hiroaki Saito (Japan)
Jacquelynne King (Canada)
Sukyung Kang (Korea)

Convenors:
William Peterson (USA)Jack Barth (USA)Sanae Chiba (Japan)
Yury Zuenko (Russia)

10:40

Yuliang Li (*)
An ecological compensation mechanism for marine
protection area in China, based on the ecosystemservices valuation

11:00

Youngji Joh (*)
Extreme ocean temperature events in the North
Pacific under greenhouse forcing

11:20

Henry Lee II
The Icarus challenge - Predicting vulnerability to
climate change using an algorithm-based species’
trait approach

11:40

10-min break to switch from S10 to S9 Session

10:50 Arthur J. Miller (Invited)
Changes in climate and changes in concepts:
Physical-biological interplay in the Pacific Ocean
over the PICES years

11:20

Emanuele Di Lorenzo (Invited)
Increasing variance and synchrony in North Pacificclimate and ecosystems

41

S2

[Salon D, E]

S4[Salon A]

Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictorsof Climate Variability and Ecosystem Change

Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive
Ecology of Marine Populations

Convenors:
Richard Brodeur (USA)Tony Koslow (USA)Ian Perry (Canada)Moto Takahashi (Japan)

Convenors:
John Field (USA)
Sandi Neidetcher (USA)Michio Yoneda (Japan)
Sukgeun Jung (Korea)

11:55

José A. Valencia (*)
The spring spawning habitats of small pelagic
fish in northwestern Mexico

11:50

Hiroshige Tanaka
Temperature-related variability in the resource allocation
to egg production in Japanese anchovy Engraulisjaponicus as revealed by stable isotope approach

12:10

Laura M. Slater
Female reproductive potential of eastern Bering Sea snow
crab (Chionoecetes opilio)

12:30

Lunch

14:00

Michio Yoneda
Size dependent energy allocation to reproductive outputof short-lived multiple-batch-spawning Japanese
anchovy Engraulis japonicus

12:15

Sam McClatchie
Variability, collapse, and recovery of forage
fish populations

12:35

Lunch

13:55

Akinori Takasuka (Invited)
Decadal changes in abundance and distributionof early life stages of fish in the Kuroshio
Current system

14:20

Tetsuichiro Funamoto
Two walleye pollock stocks around Japan
under different recruitment control mechanism

14:20

Christina L. Conrath
Variability in spawning omission and the productivity of
deepwater rockfish in the North Pacific Ocean

14:40

Hwahyun Lee (*)
Specific gravity measurements on mackerel
eggs and larvae and implications forinterannual variability in recruitment

14:40

Yutzil Lora-Cabrera
Impacts of recent environmental anomalies on seabirds of
the Baja California Pacific Islands, Mexico

15:00

Chiyuki Sassa
Comparative larval growth and mortality ofmesopelagic fishes and their predatory impact
on zooplankton in the Kuroshio waters

15:00

Melissa A. Head (*)
Challenges associated with assessing maturity, skipped
spawning, and abortive maturation rates for fisheries
managers: A case study of Sebastes pinniger

42

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S9 (Day 2)[Salon B]

S12

November 10 (continued)
Floor 4

[Salon C]

Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems
under a Changing Climate

Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in
Ocean Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North PacificConvenors:
Franz Mueter (USA)Ken Drinkwater (Norway)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Emanuele Di Lorenzo (USA)

Convenors:
William Peterson (USA)Jack Barth (USA)Sanae Chiba (Japan)
Yury Zuenko (Russia)

11:50

Anne B. Hollowed
Are Arctic and sub-arctic fish stocks more prepared
for a changing climate?

12:10

Jorge García Molinos
12:10
Going with the flow: Ocean currents modify the
coupling between climate change and biogeographicalshiftsElena I. Ustinova
Climate variability and changes in the marginal
Far-Eastern Seas

12:30

Lunch

12:30

Lunch

14:00

Lorenzo CiannelliLife history spatial constraints and species
adaptability to climate change

14:00

Paul Fiedler
Warm and cool years in the California Current:
Relation to ENSO

14:20

Chang Seung
Assessment of management strategies for eastern
Bering Sea walleye pollock fishery with climatechange

14:20

Mark S. Lowry
California sea lions: Historical diet patterns inrelation to environmental changes in the California
Current

14:40

Chaewon Yoo (*)
Fisheries collapse and social changes in a fishingdependent community: The case of Goseong

14:40

Jaime Jahncke
Mid- and upper trophic level responses tovariability in ocean conditions off central California

15:00

10-min break to switch from S9 to S3 Session

15:00

John A. Barth
The subsurface and inner-shelf structure of 25
years of variability in the Northern California
Current

11:50

Phoebe A. Woodworth-Jefcoats
Relationships between climate variability andfisheries catch in the central North Pacific

43

S2

[Salon D, E]

S4[Salon A]

Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictorsof Climate Variability and Ecosystem Change

Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive
Ecology of Marine Populations

Convenors:
Richard Brodeur (USA)Tony Koslow (USA)Ian Perry (Canada)Moto Takahashi (Japan)

Convenors:
John Field (USA)
Sandi Neidetcher (USA)Michio Yoneda (Japan)
Sukgeun Jung (Korea)

15:20

Xuelei Zhang
Effects of global warming and ocean acidification on population recruitment and growth ofmarine economic species

15:20

Hyun-Sung Yang (*)
Inter-annual variation in the reproductive pattern of
Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum and impacts of
Perkinsus olseni infection on the reproduction observed
from the west coast of Korea

15:40

Motomitsu Takahashi
Effects of temperature and prey abundanceson larval growth rates of Carangid fishes in the
East China Sea

15:40

Sabrina G. Beyer (*)
Interannual variability in larval production of rockfishes(Sebastes spp.) in the California Current

16:00

Coffee Break

16:00

Coffee Break

16:20

Janet Duffy-Anderson (Invited)
Examining ichthyoplankton across spatial andtemporal scales as an approach to promote
understanding and management of fisheries
across Large Marine Ecosystems

16:20

Loretta O’Brien
Evaluating environmental effects on maturity, spawning
stock biomass, and biological reference points ofGeorges Bank Atlantic cod using state-space models

16:40

Peng Sun (*)
Fisheries-induced evolution effects on fish populations in
the East China Sea and its management implications

17:00

Moojin Kim (*)
Differences in biological characteristics and recruitment
variability of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)
off the eastern Korean Peninsula during 1960s–2000s

17:20

Sandra Neidetcher
Fecundity estimates for walleye pollock during varying
climate conditions

16:45

17:05

J. Anthony Koslow
The influence of climate on the biodiversity
and community structure of fishes in thesouthern California Current, 1969 – 2011
Esther D. Goldstein (*)
Patterns and processes: Spatial and temporalvariability in ichthyoplankton assemblages
across the Gulf of Alaska

17:25

Peter C. Davison (*)
Basin-scale ichthyoplankton response toenvironmental change in the northeastern
Pacific Ocean

17:45

Toby D. Auth
Changes in the ichthyoplankton in the northern
California Current during the 2015-16 warm
‘blob’ and El Niño phenomena

18:05

End

18:30
21:00

Poster Session

44

17:40

18:00

End

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S3[Salon B]

S12

November 10 (continued)
Floor 4

[Salon C]

Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine
Environment

Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in
Ocean Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North PacificConvenors:
Hideaki Maki (Japan)
Staci Simonich (USA)Robert Duce (GESAMP, USA)

Convenors:
William Peterson (USA)Jack Barth (USA)Sanae Chiba (Japan)
Yury Zuenko (Russia)

15:10

Kenneth Lee (Invited)
Sources, behaviour and environmental impacts ofpetroleum hydrocarbons released into the marine
environment

15:20

William T. Peterson
Effects of the Blob on phytoplankton and copepod
species composition, community structure andbiodiversity off the central Oregon coast

15:40

Tanika Ladd (*)
15:40
Physiological responses of marine phytoplankton tooil exposure in the context of the 2015 oil spill in the
Santa Barbara Channel

C. Tracy Shaw
Euphausiid responses to recent warming events inthe coastal upwelling zone off the Oregon Coast,
USA

16:00

Coffee Break

16:00

Coffee Break

16:20

Hideaki Maki
Photo-oxidation of crude fuel and its toxicity tomarine amphipods

16:20

Nathan Mantua
Historical context for the atmospheric forcing ofrecord high SSTs in the NE Pacific Arc in 2014-16

16:40

Andrew Loh (*)
In situ formation of oil-suspended particulate matteraggregate during flushing activities

16:40

Lingbo Li
The impacts of climate variability on the
distribution of groundfish along the Northeast
Pacific coastal shelf

17:00

Charles Hannah
17:00
How far will it go? The estimation of oil spill extentsfrom surface drifter data

Angelica Peña
A decade of phytoplankton composition andenvironmental measurements along Line P in the
NE subarctic Pacific

17:20

Miriam O
A framework to assess vulnerability of biologicalcomponents to oil spilled in the marine environment

17:20

Stephen B. Brandt
Variability in North Pacific Ocean conditions:
Assessing habitat-specific vital rates and thresholds
for fishes

17:40

Wrap up

17:40

Discussion

18:00

End

18:00

End

45

Friday, November 11[Grand Ballroom]

Session 10
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic
Forcing: Past, Present and Future
Convenors:
Steven Bograd (USA)
Hiroaki Saito (Japan)
Jacquelynne King (Canada)
Sukyung Kang (Korea)
9:00

Samantha Stevenson (Invited) (*)
An ensemble approach to understanding climate change in the Pacific

9:25

Edward GregrMarine habitats in a changing world: Looking beyond correlation

9:45

Antonietta Capotondi
The influence of ENSO diversity on North Pacific ecosystems

10:05 Ryan R. Rykaczewski (Invited) (*)
Wind stress, stratification, and source waters: How will eastern boundary current upwelling
processes respond to climate change?
10:30 Coffee Break
10:50 Haruka Nishikawa (*)
Simulated influence of the 1976–77 regime shift on anchovy and sardine in the California
Current System
11:10 Masaki Miya (Invited)
Environmental DNA metabarcoding from fishes (and other vertebrates) using universal primers
MiFish: A data-driven approach for fish community research
11:35 Desiree Tommasi (*)
Seasonal climate predictions to improve fisheries management decisions
11:55 Jennifer M. Sunday (Invited)
The mechanics of range shifts in a warming world
12:20 End46

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

Poster presenters are expected to be available to answer questions from 19:00-20:00

Poster Sessions, November 8 and 10, 18:30-21:00
S1: Science Board Symposium
25 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future
S1-P1

Sonia Batten
Highlights from 16 years of the North Pacific CPR program, a PICES MONITOR
project.

S1-P2

Robert Blasiak (*)
Negotiating the international instrument on BBNJ: Long-term implications

S1-P3

Michio j. Kishi
25 years history of ecosystem modeling related to PICES and myself

S1-P4

Monica Tydlaska (*)
Visitor activities and awareness of Marine Protected Areas and species composition
at rocky intertidal sites in San Diego

S1-P5

Ichiro Imai
Increase in the toxic Alexandrium tamarense blooms with the climate regime shift
to warming in the eastern Bering Sea shelf

S2: BIO/TCODE/FIS Topic Session
Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictors of Climate Variability andEcosystem Change
S2-P1

Xiaodong Bian (*)
Interactive effects of incubation temperature and salinity on the early life stages ofPacific cod Gadus macrocephalus

S2-P2

Cameron Freshwater (*)
Density dependent effects on growth and migratory rate during sockeye salmon
early marine residency

S2-P3

Zhe Li (*)
Interactive effect of thermal gradient and prey mismatch on thermal selection ofjuvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

S2-P4

Jarrod Santora
Climate-driven variability in forage fish biodiversity in the California Current

S2-P5

Hui Zhang
Autumn ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Yangtze Estuary shaped by environmental
factors

S2-P6

Isaac D. Schroeder
Source water variability in the California Current System and implications to rockfish
production47

S3: MEQ Topic Session
Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment
S3-P1

Joon Geon An
Atmospheric concentration of petroleum derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
after the Hebei Spirit oil spill

S3-P2

Anna S. Vazhova (presented by colleage)
Influence of ships bilge water on sea water pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons

S4: FIS Topic Session
Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive Ecology of Marine
Populations
S4-P1

Lyndsey S. Lefebvre (*)
Plasticity in reproductive strategies for rockfish in the Southern California Current
and linkages to maternal characteristics and climatic variability

S4-P2

Cara Rodgveller
Ovarian development, energy storage, and skipped spawning in female sablefish in
AlaskaS4-P3

Michael J. Malick (*)
Effects of the North Pacific Current on productivity of 163 Pacific salmon stocks

S4-P4

Tatyana Belonenko
On identification of mesoscale eddies from satellite altimetry based on the area in
the NW Pacific

S4-P5

Susanne McDermott
Influence of environmental factors and density dependence on variability in reproductive output and growth of Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius)

S4-P6

Hiroshige Tanaka
Temperature effects on the reproductive traits of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus

S4-P7

Gavin Fay
Identifying robust model selection tools for including environmental links torecruitment in North Pacific groundfish stock assessments

S5: BIO/MONITOR/MEQ Topic Session
Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species Distributions andHabitat Models based on Remotely Sensed Data
S5-P1

Yang Liu (*)
Impacts of climate change on suitable region for Japanese scallop aquaculture in
Shandong, China and southern Hokkaido, Japan, using RS/GIS

S5-P2

Caren Barceló (*)
Integrating habitat, prey and predators over space and time to assess distributional
responses to environmental variability and climate change

S5-P3

Yutaka Watanuki
Distribution of Arctic and Pacific copepods and their habitat in the northern Beringand Chukchi Seas

48

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S6: POC/MEQ/MONITOR/BIO Topic Session
What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?
S6-P1

Elizabeth A. Daly
Anomalous ocean conditions in 2015 and the impact on spring Chinook salmon andtheir prey field

S6-P2

Taketoshi Kodama (*)
Interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms and its biological impacts in the Sea
of Japan

S6-P3

Ryan J. Hartnett (*)
Developing marine food web models to evaluate blue whale, Cassin’s auklet andsalmon responses to long- and short-term changes in oceanography in the California
Current

S6-P4

Francis Juanes (on behalf of Paris Duguid)Fine scale oceanography and the ecology of juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Salish
Sea

S6-P5

Yoshikazu Sasai
Impact of physiological flexibility of phytoplankton on modeled primary productionin the western North Pacific

S6-P6

Dimitris V. Politikos
Climate events and recruitment dynamics of anchovy in the California Current:
A mechanistic understanding using a climate-to-fish model

S6-P7

Peter Lawson
Deepening thermocline displaces salmon catch on the Oregon coast

S6-P8

Jarrod Santora
Biogeography of seabird assemblages in the Bering Sea: Spatial assessment ofoceanographic drivers and multispecies aggregation hotspots

S6-P9

Xiuning Du
Winter phytoplankton blooms and trophic implications on copepod and krill
biomass and egg production in the northern California Current

S6-P10James J. Ruzicka
Jellyfish - fish trophic interactions in the Bering Sea: Ecosystem impacts of jellyfish
population fluctuations

S6-P11Cheryl Harrison (*)
Sim-turtle: Biophysical interactions in the mesoscale

S6-P12

Brian P. V. HuntIntegrating stable isotope analyses of zooplankton and returning adult salmon
tissues to inform high seas North Pacific food web dynamics

49

S7: POC/TCODE/MEQ Topic Session
New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of Oceanic Ecosystem Including
Fisheries Resources
S7-P1

Yumei Zhao
Ocean acidification observation system at Bohai Gulf based on ocean acidification
characteristic parameters

S7-P2

Sanae Chiba (on behalf of Minoru Kitamura)Is there decadal change in shell morphology of planktonic foraminifera due to ocean
acidification?

S7-P3

Naohiro Kosugi
Frequent column observations revealed low pCO2 water under the sea ice melt in
the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean

S7-P4

Masahiro Hayashi
The combined effect of high pCO2 and warming on reproduction of Japanesewhiting Sillago japonica

S7-P5

Norma L. Oliva-Méndez
Dynamic of aragonite saturation horizon depth in waters of Baja California, Mexico

S7-P6

Tomohiko Tsunoda
Development of communication tools on ocean acidificaton

S7-P7JeongHee Shim
Seasonal variations of pH and aragonite saturation at oyster culture beds inTongyeong and Geoje Bays, southeast coast of Korea

S7-P8

Futian Li
Physiological responses of coastal and oceanic diatoms to diurnal fluctuations inseawater carbonate chemistry under two CO2 concentrations

S8: MoE/MEQ/TCODE Topic Session
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
S8-P1

Gayle I. Hansen
Marine algae carried across the North Pacific on Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris(JTMD) and their invasion threat to the coasts of Oregon and Washington, USA

S8-P2

Gayle I. Hansen
Marine algae carried across the North Pacific on Japanese Tsunami Debris: How
have they survived the journey?

S8-P3

Cathryn Clarke Murray (*)
Aerial surveillance for tsunami debris in British Columbia, Canada

S8-P4

Kirsten Moy (*)
Synthesizing the state of debris in Hawaii from 2015 aerial imagery and spatial
analysis data

S8-P5

Won Joon Shim
Contamination of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in styrofoam marine debris
from Asia and Pacific region and the Great Tsunami

S8-P6

Sandra Lindstrom
An undescribed species of Japanese Pyropia appeared on the coast of British
Columbia in 201550

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S8-P7

Reva Gillman
Life history and environmental requirement analyses of Japanese tsunami marine
debris (JTMD) biota

S8-P8

Amy MacFadyen

Trends in arrival and deposition of Marine Debris generated by the March 2011
Japan Tsunami on Eastern Pacific Shorelines

S9: FIS/TCODE Topic Session
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems under a Changing
Climate
S9-P1

Mikhail A. Stepanenko
Fluctuations of the Bering Sea pollock recruitment, abundance, distribution as
impacts on environmental changes

S9-P2

Pavel Emelin (*)
Species composition and biomass dynamics of nekton in the upper epipelagial ofthe deep-sea part of Okhotsk Sea during the autumn periods in 1998-2015 years

S9-P3

Alexey A. Khoruzhiy (*)
Seasonal shifts of compound and structure of the nekton community in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean

S9-P4

Atsushi YamaguchiInter-oceanic differences in macrozooplankton biomass and community structure infour regions around Hokkaido Island, Japan: Consequences for marine ecosystem
structure

S9-P5

Wendy Morrison
Literature review of management approaches that improve resilience for species,
ecosystems, and/or fishing businesses.

S9-P6

Keliang Chen
Advancing the practice of marine eco-compensation in China: Knowledge synthesis
from implementation

S9-P7

Jianguo Du (*)
Food sources and trophic structure of fishes and benthic macroinvertebrates in a
tropical seagrass meadow revealed by stable isotope analysis

S10: FUTURE Topic Session
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing:
Past, Present and Future
S10-P1

Zhongxin Wu (*)
The exploration for system stability in the coastal marine ecosystem of northern
Yellow Sea of China

S10-P2

Taewon Kim
Effects of climatic stressors on behavioral and physiological response of marine
animals

S10-P3

Aimee A. Keller
Species-specific responses of demersal fishes to near-bottom environmental
conditions within the California Current large marine ecosystem
51

S10-P4

James Christian
Detection of anthropogenic impacts on ocean biogeochemical cycles

S10-P5

Taketo Hashioka
Potential responses of phytoplankton community structure to future global warming

S10-P6

Albert J. Hermann
Statistical downscaling of global projections to the Bering Sea, based on an
ensemble of regional model output

S10-P7

Jung-Ho Hyun
Upwelling-induced changes in the structure of plankton assemblages and role ofheterotrophic bacterioplankton in biogeochemical carbon cycles in the Ulleung
Basin, East Sea

S10-P8Weiwei Xian
Estuarine ecology and environment: in response to long-term variations of
Changjiang (Yangtze River) runoff input and sediment load

S11: POC Topic Session
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes in the North Pacific in
the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future Directions
S11-P1

Konstantin Rogachev
Rapid freshening of the Kamchatka and Oyashio currents

S11-P2Nan Zang
Spreading of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Philippine Sea

S11-P3

Jilong Chen
Recent change of sea level variations in the East China Sea from merged altimetrydata

S11-P4

Toshiya Nakano
A long-term reference for detecting oceanic variations in the western North Pacific:
JMA 50-year long 137°E repeat hydrographic section

S11-P5Rong-shuo Cai
Comparison of chlorophyll-a responses to climate change in the tropical western
Pacific marginal seas

S11-P6

Yukiharu Hisaki
Time interpolation of surface winds and its impact on the modelling of inertial
currents in the North Pacific

S11-P7

Seongbong Seo (*)
Vertical mixing observed on the continental slope of the southwestern East/Japan
Sea

S11-P8

Sayaka Yasunaka
Mapping of the air–sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas: Basinwide distribution and seasonal to interannual variability

S11-P9Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan
About microwave radiometry and spectroellipsometric technologies for monitoring
marine ecosystems

52

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

S11-P10Chan Joo Jang (*)
Evaluation surface winds over the Korean Peninsula and its surrounding seas

S11-P11

Eliana Gómez-Ocampo (*)
Approach of dynamic physical thresholds on spatial-temporal phytoplankton
variability in NE Pacific

S12: MONITOR/BIO/TCODE Topic Session
Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in Ocean Conditions on the
Ecosystems of the North Pacific
S12-P1

Christina Eunjin Kong (*)
Reponses of marine primary productivity (PP) to the future climate change scenario:
The role of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) in the mid-latitudinal
marginal seas

S12-P2

Hitoshi Kaneko (*)
Interannual variation of ocean environment in the Kuroshio Extension, Oyashio,
and their transition area correlated with the recruitment of chub mackerel (Scomber
japonicas)

S12-P3

Timothy Jones (*)
Mass mortality of small seabirds in NE Pacific 2014/2015: Consequences of NE
Pacific anomaly

S13: MONITOR/TCODE Topic Session
Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances and Challenges inMulti-parameter Observations
S13-P1

Vadim Navrotsky
Multifactor effects of near-bottom processes in the coastal ocean

S13-P2

Tae-Hoon Kim
Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and SGD-driven nutrient fluxes in Geoje
Bay, Korea

S13-P3

Semi Jeong (*)
Biochemical composition of surface sedimentary organic matter and material fluxes
at the sediment-water interface of Jaran Bay, Korea

S13-P4

Yarong Zou
Analysis on coastline change under ecological environment of coastal zone - A caseof Sanya

S13-P5

Jingsong Yang
Typhoon storm surges observed by Chinese HY-2A satellite radar altimetry

S13-P6

Chungho Lee
The present and future of Ocean Research Stations (ORSs) of the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA)

S13-P7

Sarah Ann Thompson
Multivariate Ocean Climate Indicator (MOCI): Describing the California Current

S13-P8Seul-Ye Lim (*)
Non-market value of marine ecosystem service in Saemangeum open sea in Korea
53

S13-P9

Yong Lin
Spatial-temporal pattern analysis of sea surface temperature evolution in North
Pacific Ocean

S13-P10

Luis Valdés
New light for time series: international collaboration in ship-based ecosystemmonitoring

S13-P11

Fangfang Wan (*)
Integration and duplication removal of the oceanographic and marine meteorological
data at CMOC/China

BIO Contributed Poster Session 1
Recent Progress in Deep-Sea Research and Conservation:
Lessons from Various Parts of the GlobeBIO-P1-1

Alexei M. Orlov
Range-wide analysis of spatial distribution of Pacific flatnose Antimora microlepis
in the North Pacific

BIO-P1-2

Alexei M. Orlov
Spatial distribution, size composition, and dynamics of abundance of Okhotsk skate
Bathyraja violacea in the North Pacific

BIO-P1-3

Alexei M. Orlov (on behalf of A. Brandt and M. Milyutina)
Joint German-Russian deep-sea expeditions in the NW Pacific

BIO-P1-4

Lian E. Kwong (*)
A novel approach to estimating active carbon flux using the biomass size spectra

BIO-P1-5

Yongling Zhu
Progress of Chinese deep sea research activities in recent 2 years

BIO-P1-6

S. Kim Juniper
Georeferenced sensor, survey and sample data for the Endeavour Hydrothermal
Vents Marine Protected Area

BIO-P1-7

Brandon M. Genco (*)
Biogeographical analysis of abyssal bottom habitats: Using an abiotic province
scheme and metazoan occurrence databases

BIO-P1-8

Anders Knudby
Data-driven bioregions for local ecosystem context in species distribution models

BIO-P1-9

Ryan Gasbarro (*)
A time-series of epibenthic community turnover along a dissolved oxygen gradient

BIO-P1-10

Benjamin Grupe (*)
Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area conservation and management
supported through institutional collaborations and interdisciplinary research54(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

BIO Contributed Poster Session 2
BIO-P2-1(Bin Zou?) Lijian Shi
Green tide (Entermorpha prolifera) monitoring in the Yellow Sea and East China
Sea using multi-sensor

BIO-P2-2

Dharmamony Vijai (*)
Effects of temperature on embryonic development and paralarval behavior of theneon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii

BIO-P2-3

Dharmamony Vijai (*)
Atlas of neon flying squid embryonic and paralarval development

BIO-P2-4

Alexei I. Pinchuk
Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in distribution of euphausiid Thysanoessa
longipes from the northern Gulf of Alaska

BIO-P2-5

Masahiko Fujii
Study on material cycling in the coastal waters and the role of the Kiritappu Wetland,
in Hamanaka Town, Hokkaido: An analysis using surf clam (Pseudocardium
sachalinense) as an environmental indicator

BIO-P2-6

Xianhong Meng
An overview of culturing and breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis in China

BIO-P2-7

Yang Jin Jo and Won Gyu Park
Temperature effects on the egg development time and productivity of Acartia omoriiand Acartia steueri

BIO-P2-8

Tae-Ho Yoon (*)
Application of end-pairing sequencing technique for the phytoplankton community
analysis in East Sea

BIO-P2-9

Vladimir V. Kulik (*)
Boreopacific gonate squid (Boreoteuthis borealis) abundance and its relation toclimate indices in the Northwest Pacific

BIO-P2-10

Lucie Hannah
Pilot application of a framework to assess vulnerability of biological components tooil spilled in the marine environment to the Canadian Pacific Region

BIO-P2-11

Hiroaki Saito
Geographical variation in the concentration and form of biogenic elements in the
North Pacific Ocean

BIO-P2-12

Stephanie E. Nehasil (*)
The dietary response of the California sea lion population during the 2013 Unusual
Mortality Event

BIO-P2-13

David Martínez-Cervantes (*)
Density and distribution of seabirds on the Baja California Pacific islands, Mexico

BIO-P2-14

Timothy S. Lee (*)
Synthesis of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in coastlines of the Puget Sound
before and after shoreline restoration

BIO-P2-15

Keyseok Choe
Macromolecular compositions of phytoplankton in the Japan/East Sea

55

FIS Contributed Poster Session
FIS-P1

Caitlin I. Allen Akselrud (*)
Application of an age-length structured population dynamics model to data foreastern Bering Sea tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi), Pribilof Island blue king crab
(Paralithodes platypus), and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)

FIS-P2

Mikinori Ueno (*)
Comparison of fish-killing activities of Chattonella antiqua and Chattonella marina against three fish species and possible mitigation effect of alginate oligomer on
Chattonella sp.

FIS-P3

HoJin Bae (*)
Reproduction and growth of the spiny lebbeid shrimp, Lebbeus groenlandicus(Fabricius, 1775) (Caridea, Hippolytidae) in the East sea of Korea

FIS-P4

Christopher N. Rooper
Linking Pacific Ocean perch productivity to deep-sea corals and sponges in Alaska

FIS-P5

Hiroki Yasuma
Annual changes in distributions and abundances of dominant myctophid fishes in
the Pacific side of Hokkaido, Japan

FIS-P6

Gordon H. Kruse
Cumulative effects of size-selective fishing on size-at-age of Pacific halibut in thenortheast Pacific Ocean

FIS-P7

HanJu Kim (*)
Age and growth of damselfish Chromis notata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in the
Jeju Island, Korea

FIS-P8SeongEun Kim (*)
Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria(De Haan 1844) in the coastal area of Tongyeong, Korea

FIS-P9Jun Shoji
Effects of submarine groundwater on feeding and growth of juvenile marbled
flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan

FIS-P10Hyun-Ki Hong (*)
First report on an annual gametogenesis of Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus 1758), thesubtropical oyster in Jeju Island off the south coast of Korea

FIS-P11

Makoto Tomiyasu (*)
Spawning migration tracking of adult Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) using
supersonic telemetry

FIS-P12

Jie Kong
Multiple-trait genetic evaluation of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
in China

FIS-P13

Mariella Canales (*)
Climate and feedback structures influence the population dynamics of small pelagic
fish population off Chile

FIS-P14Jung-Yeon Kim (*)
Age validation and growth rate of Mactra chinensis (Bivalvia, Mactridae) bychondrophore56

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

FIS-P15

Chiyuki Sassa
Ontogenetic changes and interannual variations in diet of Japanese jack mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) juveniles in the East China Sea

FIS-P16

Minkyoung Bang (*)
Changes in biomass of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus in the East Sea: |The late 1980s regime shift

FIS-P17

Yoshiki Kato
Growth, migration and trophic interactions role of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes
bartramii) in the North Pacific

FIS-P18

Tetsuichiro Funamoto
Importance of early life transports for recruitment of walleye pollock Gadus
chalcogrammus in the Sea of Japan off Hokkaido Island

FIS-P19

Kazuo Ishikawa (*)
Successive recruitment of age-0 jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in coastal
areas along the Kuroshio

FIS-P20

Shufang Liu
Biodiversity patterns and changes in the fishery ecosystem of the Yellow Sea andthe East China Sea

FIS-P21

Shannon G. Obradovich (*)
Bare hooks and other species interactions with benthic longline gear can influence
hook-based abundance indices

FIS-P22

James R. Hilger
Disentangling the impact of regulation and climate on vessel productivity: A casestudy of the Leatherback Turtle Conservation Area closure and the California drift
gill net swordfish fishery

FIS-P23

Francis Juanes
Does returning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) condition vary with climate
in two BC rivers?

FIS-P24

Matthew Baker
Pacific sand lance in the San Juan Islands: synthesis of research 2010-2016

FIS-P25

Matthew Baker
Quantifying and evaluating implications for trawlable and untrawlable habitat

MEQ Contributed Poster Session
MEQ-P1

Dong-Woon Hwang
Evaluation of organic matter and trace metal concentration in Korean coastal
sediment using geochemical assessment techniques

MEQ-P2Minkyu Choi
Rapid determination of organochlorine pesticides in fish using selective pressurized
liquid extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

MEQ-P3

Hyung Chul Kim
Estimation of carrying capacity for oyster farming in Korea and its economic
benefits

57

MEQ-P4

Taehee Lee
Sediment oxygen consumption rate and hydrogen sulfide release by dissolved
oxygen depletion in hypoxic area of the Gamak Bay, Korea

MEQ-P5

Won Chan Lee (*)
Modelling pollution contribution rate for watershed management in Masan Bay

MEQ-P6

Osamu Tominaga
Estimate the contribution of submarine groundwater discharge to the biologicalproductivity in coastal waters by the stable isotope signal recorded in the shell

MEQ-P7

Jianwei Wu (*)
The design of an integrated Sino-Vietnam marine and island environment |information management system deployed in Beibu Gulf

MEQ-P8

Haiyan Wang
The levels of total phosphorous, total nitrogen, in sediments from ST06 areas, SouthSea, China

MONITOR Contributed Poster Session
MON-P1

Mi-Ok Park
Distribution of the CDOM(Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter) in spring of
2012-2014 at southwestern East(Japan) Sea

MON-P2Clarissa Anderson
How ocean observations work for you: A perspective from the U.S. IOOS Regional
Association serving Southern California

POC Contributed Poster Session
POC-P1

Lijian Shi
Sea ice detection for the Bohai Sea using MODIS data

POC-P2Ki-Hyuk Eom
Ocean acidification on coast of the korea

POC-P3Rong-shuo Cai
Enhanced responses of sea surface temperature in offshore China to global warmingand hiatus

POC-P4Carol Ladd
Cross-isobath exchange in Bering Canyon

POC-P5

Xiao-Hua Zhu
The impact of monsoon winds and mesoscale eddies on the South China Sea
western boundary current

POC-P6

Dong Guk Kim
Comparison between two types of moored vertical profiler

POC-P7

Kwang-Young Jeong
Mean sea level (MSL) trends around the Korea Peninsula with tide gauge andaltimeter data58

(*) Flags an Early Career Scientist

POC-P8Chan Joo Jang
Regional characteristics of global warming: Linear projection for the timing of
unprecedented climate

POC-P9Chan Joo Jang
Recent cooling trend in the Yellow and East China Seas and the associated North
Pacific climate regime shift

POC-P10

A-Ra Choi
Long-term changes of South China Sea surface temperatures in winter and summer

POC-P11

Hee Dong Jeong
Ferry based monitoring in the NEAR-GOOS Area

POC-P12

Allen H. Andrews
Nuclear bombs and coral: Guam coral core reveals operation-specific radiocarbon
signals from the Pacific Proving Grounds

Section on Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms in the North Pacific Poster Session
S-HAB-P1

Lin Yang
The detection of lipophilic toxins and hydrophilic toxins in shellfish collected from
Chinese East Sea by LC–MS/MS

S-HAB-P2

Polina A. Kameneva (*)
Prorocentrum foraminosum Faust (Dinophyceae) as a potential source of DSTs in
the Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan (East Sea)

S-HAB-P3

Zhengguo Cui
Treatment of saline aquaculture wastewater with a constructed wetland

Section on Human Dimensions of Marine Systems Poster Session
S-HD-P1

Elizabeth D. Tobin (*)
Linking traditional knowledge and ecological studies to improve understandingof paralytic shellfish poisoning and enhance sustainability of shellfish harvest inSoutheast Alaska.

S-HD-P2

Michael Waine
Implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management in U.S. Fisheries

S-HD-P3

Lv HanEcological service value assessment and distribution of seaweed aquaculture in
China using GIS

S-HD-P4

Jingmei Li (Shang Chen?)Valuing the loss of ecological benefits of wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay
based on choice experiments

S-HD-P5

Keith R. Criddle
Alaska’s sablefish fishery after Individual Fishing Quota program implementation—
A bioeconomic analysis

S-HD-P6

Yoshioki Oozeki
Evaluation of sustainability of fisheries products around Japan: Sustainable, Healthyand “Umai” Nippon seafood (SH“U”N) Project59

W8: POC Workshop
Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the North Pacific:
History and new challenges
W8-P1

Hiromu Ishiyama
Global distribution of mergers and splits of oceanic mesoscale eddies

W8-P2

Elígio de Raús Maúre
Impact of mesoscale eddies on spring bloom initiation in the Japan Sea

W8-P3

Kyung-Jae Lee
Mesoscale eddies in the East/Japan Sea: Detecting methods and characteristics ofeddy properties

W9: POC Workshop
The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating Arctic environments:
Towards international interdisciplinary efforts
W9-P1

Kirill Kivva (*)
Seasonal dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrient in the Bering Sea

W10: MEQ Workshop
Distribution and Risk Analysis of Radionuclides in the North PacificW10-P1

Delvan R. Neville (*)
Effect of migratory life history on North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga)
uptake of radiocesium

W10-P2

Kankan Wu (*)
Application of environmental risk assessment for strategic decisionmaking incoastal areas: Case studies in China

60

Observing Organizations Posters
Argo

Megan Scanderbeg
Argo in 2016: Sustaining core Argo and implementing recommended enhancements

CLIVAR

Nico Caltabiano
Coordinated international activities on the climate study of ocean-atmosphereinteractions

ESSAS

Kenneth Drinkwater and Franz Mueter
Ecosystem Studies of Subarctic and Arctic Seas

IAMSLIC

Debra A. Losey and Amy Butros
International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information
Centers

IATTC

Daniel Margulies
The IATTC’s research program on the reproductive biology and early life history oftunas in the eastern Pacific Ocean

IMBER

Gro van der Meeren
The Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) project

IOCCP

Maciej Telszewski
International Ocean Carbon Coordinated Project

ISC

Chi-Lu Sun and Gerard DiNardo
International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like Species in the North
Pacific Ocean

NANOOS

Jan Newton
Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems

NEARGOOS

Vyacheslav Lobanov
North East Asian Regional GOOS

NPAFC

Vladimir I. Radchenko
International Year of the Salmon: From idea to launch

SAHFOS

Willie Wilson
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science

SCCOOS

Clarissa Anderson
Southern California Coastal Ocean Observing System

SCOR

Ed Urban
Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research

61Sessions and Workshops
Descriptions

PICES-2016

S1: Science Board Symposium
25 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future
Co-Convenors:
Thomas Therriault (SB)Angelica Peña (BIO)
Elizabeth Logerwell (FIS)
Chuanlin Huo (MEQ)
Jennifer Boldt (MONITOR)
Kyung-Il Chang (POC)
Toru Suzuki (TCODE)
Steven Bograd (FUTURE)
Hiroaki Saito (FUTURE)
Igor Shevchenko (Russia)
Invited Speakers:
Cornelius Hammer (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES))
Naomi Harada (Research and Development Center for Global Change (RCGC),
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Japan)
Alan Haynie (NOAA Fisheries’ Alaska Fisheries Science Center, USA)
Guido Marinone (Centro de Investigación Científica y de Eduación Superior de Ensenada(CICESE), Mexico)
Philip Munday (James Cook University, Australia)
Phillip Mundy (Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, USA)
Essam Yassin Mohammed (International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK)
In its 25 years of existence PICES has achieved remarkable success in furthering our understanding of theNorth Pacific’s natural and socioeconomic systems. Dedicated and tireless efforts of the many natural and social
scientists from all its member countries have enabled us to understand basin-scale phenomena that we did notknow about 25 years ago, such as regime shifts and their ecosystem impacts—from biogeochemistry, throughphytoplankton production, to higher trophic levels including fisheries and coastal communities. Building on thesefoundational results, we now embark on the next 25 years of PICES that should lead to better observations,improved understanding of mechanisms of change, and ultimately better predictions of status and trends in North
Pacific ecosystems. Forecasting the effects of natural and anthropogenic change, especially climate change, willallow adaptation based on the ecological, societal, and economic resilience of our coasts and oceans. Increasing
resilience is a key societal challenge and will only be possible with increased scientific knowledge of the North
Pacific and intergovernmental collaborations like those developed within PICES.
The founders of PICES saw the vastness of the North Pacific Ocean not as something that separates us, but rather asa factor that unites us. They knew that to unravel the inner workings of the North Pacific, PICES member countries
would need to work together. To recognize the leadership that set us on this path, we encourage contributions on
how present day problems are being addressed with the science and tools that we developed over the past 25 years.
Looking forward, we encourage visionary papers on what challenges might be expected over the next 25 years.
The list of past and future topics of interest in PICES is long, and includes basin- and regional-scale issues suchas coastal ecosystem stressors (eutrophication, hypoxia, pollution, ocean acidification), loss or changes of marine
biodiversity, changing productivity and species distributions in response to climate change, developing outlooks
or forecasts of future ocean ecosystems, and examining climate change impacts on ocean ecosystems and humansociety.

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S2: BIO/TCODE/FIS Topic Session
Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictors of Climate Variability andEcosystem Change
Co-Convenors:
Richard Brodeur (USA)Tony Koslow (USA)Ian Perry (Canada)Moto Takahashi (Japan)
Invited Speakers:
Jon Hare (NOAA, USA)
Akinori Takasuka (National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Researchand Education Agency (Yokohama, Japan)
As management strategies become more ecosystem-based and climate-driven, there is a need for more informationon the influence of oceanographic variability and climate change in regulating fisheries resources and on marine
communities more generally. Ichthyoplankton abundance provides proxies for adult spawning stock biomass, so
insight into changing fish communities can be obtained from ichthyoplankton time series. The early life stagesof fish and invertebrates may also be critical in determining year class success and subsequent recruitment tofisheries. This session will examine changes in the abundance, distribution, and ecological relationships of earlylife stages (eggs to juveniles) of fish and invertebrate taxa in relation to climate. Studies that use these stages as
indicators of ecosystem stress or long-term variability in relation to the ocean environment are encouraged, as
are studies that use them as an indicator of future adult recruitment. Examples of the uses of ichthyoplankton
or juvenile surveys in ocean observation programs and ecosystem assessment or management of stocks and in
forecasting future trends in fisheries and fish communities are highly encouraged. The conveners especially seek
presentations that examine the role early life stages may play in assessing ecosystem structure and dynamics andthe vulnerability of ecosystems to climate change.

S3: MEQ Topic Session
Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment
Co-sponsor: GESAMP
Co-Convenors:
Hideaki Maki (Japan)
Staci Simonich (USA)Robert Duce (GESAMP, Texas A&M University)
Invited Speaker:
Kenneth Lee (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Australia)
This session will focus on the behaviour, fate and effects of hydrocarbons in the marine environment. While it isexpected that some examples of oil spills (catastrophic release of hydrocarbons) will be examined, most discussions
will focus on chronic, low level releases from multiple sources that are far more evasive and widespread (e.g.
ballast discharges, fuel release, harbour contamination). Following two successful sets of activities at PICES
2014 and 2015 (‘Microplastics’ and ‘Indicators of ocean pollution’), the WG-31 (Emerging Topics Marine
Pollution; ETMP) proposes to organize, convene and facilitate the third in its planned series of Special Sessions.
The topic for 2016 is to comprehensively address the science of ‘Source, transport and fate of hydrocarbons in
the marine environment’. This is timely for PICES as it follows up on the 2015 workshop on short term response
workshop (“Marine Environment Emergencies: Detection, monitoring and response”). This topic is also timely
since oil and gas exploration, development and transport is taking place to varying degrees around the North
Pacific Ocean. Thousands of different hydrocarbon compounds are found in fuels, each with different physicaland chemical properties. The resulting complex interactions between these compounds and components of themarine environment highlight the importance of a multidisciplinary and up-to-date sharing of knowledge. This
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knowledge will provide insight into the consequent risks to biota, the design of monitoring programs, the choice ofanalytical methods, and management responses following leaks or spills. This Special Topic Session will featureinvited speakers from several national organizations. A Special Issue in a scientific journal will arise from thepresentations on “Source, transport and fate of hydrocarbons in the North Pacific Ocean”. Presenters and others
will be invited to submit a manuscript on the topic, with the goal of the resulting compendium being to become auseful reference work for scientists and managers.

S4: FIS Topic Session
Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive Ecology of Marine
Populations
Co-Convenors:
John Field (USA)
Sandi Neidetcher (USA)Michio Yoneda (Japan)
Sukgeun Jung (Korea)
Invited Speakers:
Olav Kjesbu (Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Institute of Marine Research,
Bergen, Norway)
Richard McBride (NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole Laboratory, USA)
Ongoing efforts to understand the consequences of both climate variability and climate change on marine populations
have focused on indirect metrics of productivity, primarily recruitment, growth, distribution. The question of how
the reproductive ecology, particularly reproductive output, of marine fishes, invertebrates, mammals and otherorganisms may be altered by a changing climate is difficult to address. Fully understanding all aspects of the
reproductive ecology of populations when developing and parameterizing stock assessment and other population
models is key to accurately assessing reproductive output and potential, as those in turn relate to productivity
and both static and dynamic views of carrying capacity. The appreciation for the significance of age and size
dependent factors that relate to reproductive potential continues grow, particularly for many long lived and slow
growing species for which factors such as size dependent fecundity, skipped spawning, multiple brooding andother maternal effects continuing to contribute to a greater appreciation for the need to understand reproductive
complexity. Higher turnover species, particularly indeterminate spawners, are presumably more sensitive still toclimate variability and change. Future climate change, with expected impacts on means, modes of variability,
and the phenology of ocean conditions, will interact with the effects of fishing to alter reproductive potential incomplex and unanticipated ways. This Symposium will seek contributions that focus on the mechanisms andconsequences of environmental variability and potential change on the reproductive potential of marine fishes, ormodel and simulation studies that evaluate the likely or plausible consequences of such changing ocean conditions,with the ultimate goal to understand possible future changes to the carrying capacity and productivity of marine
populations.

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S5: BIO/MONITOR/MEQ Topic Session
Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species Distributions and Habitat Models
based on Remotely Sensed Data
Co-Convenors:
Patrick O’Hara (Canada)
Elliott Hazen (USA)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)
Invited Speaker:
Robert Suryan (Oregon State University, OR, USA)
Determining marine animal distributions directly through at-sea observations or tracking is costly and logisticallychallenging. Moreover, even with limitless time and resources, information is limited because many species disperse
over long distances including trans-hemispheric migrants. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) provide a tool toestimate present distributions and to project into the future (assuming species-environment relationships remainstrong), but these models require substantial environmental data to accurately predict distribution and change.
Increasingly, SDM approaches rely on remotely-sensed satellite data as indices of environmental conditions,particularly as proxies for primary and possibly secondary productivity. Satellite datasets are inexpensive to use,
widely served, well-documented (i.e., scientifically defensible), and globally synoptic, allowing for easy spatiotemporal comparisons. However, satellite-borne sensors measure characteristics of the ocean at the surface whilemarine organisms respond to spatial and temporal features of the ocean at depth, which may require more complex
approaches. In this session, we will investigate the opportunities and challenges of using satellite-based habitat
models and ways we can advance SDMs for a better understanding our changing oceans and for improving
management. In particular, we solicit papers exploring the benefits and tradeoffs of using satellite-borne data
to detect mechanisms of distributional and range shifts. This session will provide the PICES community andthe FUTURE program with a better sense of the quality of fisheries, seabird, and marine mammal SDM underdevelopment in relation to climate change in the North Pacific.

S6: POC/MEQ/MONITOR/BIO Topic Session
What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?
Co-Convenors:
Elliott L. Hazen (USA)Jameal Samhouri (USA)Shin-Ichi Ito (Japan)
Jennifer Boldt (Canada)
Invited Speakers:
Masashi Kiyota (National Research Institute of Far Seas Fishereis, Fishey Resarch Agency, Japan)
Kenneth Rose (College of the Coast & Environment, Louisiana State University, USA)
Mechanistic linkages from physics to phytoplankton to zooplankton to fish remain central to understanding
climate forcing on marine ecosystems. Thus, it will be useful to understand how ecosystem linkages and species
distribution are influenced by ocean features and how these linkages translate through the food web. Specifically,
what information can be gained from moving beyond a single linkage (e.g. phytoplankton to zooplankton)
towards a comparison across trophic levels in three very different North Pacific ecosystems. Examples of suchfactors may include but are not limited to broad scale anomalies (e.g. the blob, ENSO events, Kuroshio / Oyashio
dynamics), temporal mismatches among physical processes, prey, and predators (match / mismatch hypothesis),and population fluctuations (e.g. lipid poor vs. lipid rich zooplankton). We have suggested (but are not limitedto) three study areas, the California Current, the Kuroshio Current, and the Bering Sea to examine linkages fromphysics to phytoplankton, phytoplankton to zooplankton, zooplankton to fish, birds and mammals, and fish tobirds and mammals. By looking at multiple ecosystems and trends and anomalies across multiple trophic linkages,
we can better understand how climate variability and anthropogenic forcing may cascade through these marine
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ecosystems. We propose a topic session that will involve participation from multiple PICES committees and will
focus on physical forcing and trophic linkages from physics to top predators. Specifically, we request presentations
on topics that (a) examine how changes in physical oceanography lead to long term trends or anomalous responses
in primary production, zooplankton, fish, and top predators, (b) examine how trophic relationships may respondto physical forcing and changes in species abundance and spatial distribution, and (c) test for threshold responses(non-linearity) across trophic levels to changes in physical oceanography and the population dynamics of otherspecies (competitors, prey, and predators).

S7: POC/TCODE/MEQ Topic Session
New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of Oceanic Ecosystem Including
Fisheries Resources
Co-sponsor: ICES
Co-Convenors:
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)
Jun Kita (Japan)
Debby Ianson (Canada)
John Pinnegar (ICES / UK)
Invited Speakers:
John Pinnegar (Centre for Environment, Fisheries & Aquaculture Science, UK)
George Waldbusser (Oregon State University, USA)
Steve Widdicombe (Plymouth Marine Laboratory, UK)
Considering over 20 years of progress on ocean acidification studies, our knowledge on biological responses in
response to acidified ocean environments has accumulated to some extent. WGII report of IPCC AR5 illustrates
a sensitivity matrix of ocean life to acidification among a wide range of species and pCO2 levels, showing ourpresent terminus of this scientific topic. However, our progress simultaneously awakes various new questions, suchas the response of biology to temporally-varied pCO2, inter-species interactions under acidified environments,
and biological adaptation. Also, we have gradually come to realize the existence of ocean acidification by
eutrophication, as well as by anthropogenic CO2, in coastal regions. Emergence of these new questions reveals
that we are now moving into a new stage of understanding on the ocean acidification problem, in which we
may be able to make more realistic and quantitative predictions about future biological/ecological responses toan acidified ocean, and socio-economic response of humans to changes in ocean conditions. In this session we
recruit diverse studies on biological/ecological responses to ocean acidification, including fisheries resources,
both in coastal and open ocean environments. We particularly welcome reports from advanced issues on this field,
including the response of biology subjected to temporally-varied pCO2, inter-species interaction under acidified
environment, and biological adaptation.

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S8: MoE/MEQ/TCODE Topic Session
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
Co-sponsors: PICES MoE ADRIFT Project
Co-Convenors:
Cathryn Clarke Murray (Canada)
Nancy Wallace (USA)
Hideaki Maki (Japan)
Thomas Therriault (Canada)
Invited Speaker:
James Carlton (Professor of Marine Sciences Emeritus, Williams College, USA)The Great Tsunami of 2011 washed an estimated five million tons of debris into the Pacific Ocean. The Governmentof Japan estimates that 70% of that debris sank close to shore, leaving 1.5 million tons floating in the North Pacificwith the potential to arrive on North American and Hawaiian coastlines. While shorelines worldwide alreadyendure marine debris from terrestrial and aquatic sources there may be additional impacts from the increase inabundance and differing debris types associated with the tsunami. Aside from the impacts of additional marine
debris itself, there is the possibility of debris carrying coastal Japanese species to new habitats. An event of thismagnitude offers unique opportunities to investigate the transport of non-native species, oceanographic processes
and impacts of marine debris in general. With Working Group 21 on Non-indigenous Aquatic Species completed
in 2012 and Working Group 31 on Emerging Topics in Marine Pollution formed in 2013, PICES members are
well-placed to contribute to research on the potential impacts of Japanese tsunami marine debris. Funded by
the Ministry of Environment of Japan, research on the effect of tsunami marine debris is ongoing under the
PICES project ADRIFT (Assessing the Debris-Related Impact of Tsunami). Session presentations may cover
the surveillance and monitoring of tsunami-generated marine debris, modeling the movement of marine debris
in the North Pacific, the social impacts of tsunami debris and the risk from potentially invasive species to coastal
ecosystems. The conveners especially seek presentations that address the impacts of tsunami debris on coastal
communities and ecosystems.

S9: FIS/TCODE Topic Session
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems under a Changing
ClimateCo-sponsor: ICES
Co-Convenors:
Franz Mueter (USA)Ken Drinkwater (Norway)
Sei-Ichi Saitoh (Japan)
Emanuele Di Lorenzo (USA)
Invited Speaker:
Benjamin Planque (Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway)
Marine ecosystems respond to climate variability and anthropogenic forcing at a variety of spatial and temporalscales. While there is a growing literature on the capacity of social-ecological systems to cope with climatechange, the resilience of physical and ecological marine systems to climate change remains poorly understood.
In the context of ongoing climate change, resilience refers to the capacity of a system to absorb disturbances andto reorganize so as to maintain its essential structure, function, identity and feedbacks. This concept presumes
the existence of alternative stable states or regimes that are separated by reversible transitions. The concept alsopresumes the possibility of thresholds or tipping points that may be irreversible and are associated with the lossof essential structure and function. In an ecological context, tipping points occur if key organisms are no longer
able to adapt to changes in their environment. This session explores the concept of resilience (sometimes also
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called stability) in both physical ocean systems and in the associated ecological systems from plankton throughfish. We invite theoretical studies and applied case studies that help refine our understanding of resilience in amarine ecosystem context, provide practical approaches to measuring resilience, define “essential structure andfunction” of marine ecosystems, identify thresholds beyond which essential structure and function may be lost,
examine ways in which resilience of marine ecological systems can be enhanced, and explore the phenotypicand evolutionary adaptive capacity of marine organisms to deal with gradual changes and transitions. Our hopeis that this session will ultimately contribute to the development of more plausible scenarios for future physicaland biological changes in marine ecosystems, which are needed to facilitate climate change adaptation in socioeconomic systems that depend on marine resources.

S10: FUTURE Topic Session
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing:
Past, Present and Future
Co-Convenors:
Steven Bograd, NOAA (USA)
Hiroaki Saito (Japan)
Jacquelynne King (DFO, Canada)
Sukyung Kang (NFRDI, Korea)
Invited Speakers:
Masaki Miya (Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan)
Ryan Rykaczewski (University of South Carolina, USA)
Jennifer Sunday (University of British Columbia, Canada)
Samantha (Sam) Stevenson (National Center for Atmospheric Research, CO, USA)
‘Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Marine Ecosystems’(FUTURE) is an integrative Scientific Program undertaken by the member nations and affiliates of PICES tounderstand how marine ecosystems in the North Pacific respond to climate change and human activities, toforecast ecosystem status based on a contemporary understanding of how nature functions, and to communicate
new insights to its members, governments, stakeholders and the public. One of the principal aims of FUTURE
is to improve our understanding of how marine ecosystems respond to natural and anthropogenic forcing, andhow marine ecosystems will change in the future. In this session, we will (a) review our state of knowledge
on how climate variability and change affect the processes underlying ecosystem structure and function, (b)identify critical gaps in our understanding, and (c) provide an assessment of our capacity to forecast climatedriven marine ecosystem changes. Advances in the understanding of climate impacts on marine ecosystems, anda broad dissemination of this information, is essential for preserving a healthy and sustainable North Pacific for
FUTURE generations.

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S11: POC Topic Session
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes in the North Pacific in
the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future Directions
Co-Convenors:
Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Steven Bograd (USA)
Invited Speakers:
Michael Foreman (Scientist Emeritus, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada)
Jerome Fiechter (Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California-Santa Cruz, USA)
Vyacheslav Lobanov (V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Russia)
Ichiro Yasuda (The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Since its birth in 1992, the Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee (POC) have promoted and coordinatedphysical and chemical oceanography, atmospheric science, and interdisciplinary research in the northern North
Pacific. Impacts of climate variability and physical dynamics in coastal, shelf and open ocean areas are consideredwith emphasis on processes that are related to living marine resources and environmental quality. POC addressed
the following topics in order to achieve the goals of PICES through its expert groups: ocean circulation, theOkhotsk Sea and the Oyashio region, modelling physical processes, carbon cycling, connection between ocean
variability and climate change, exchange between continental shelf waters and the nearby ocean, and future climate
projections in regional-basis. POC can continue to contribute to PICES and PICES scientists by deepening ourunderstanding of physical and chemical processes in ocean and climate in the North Pacific and also by providing
leadership in identifying key issues associated with a central issue of PICES, understanding and projecting thelong-term variability of the North Pacific ecosystems. The session will review the advancement of processes
that POC has identified and consider new challenges that POC should target to improve understanding of marine
ecosystems in the North Pacific.

S12: MONITOR/BIO/TCODE Topic Session
Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in Ocean Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North Pacific
Co-Convenors:
Bill Peterson (USA)Jack Barth (USA)Sanae Chiba (Japan)
Yury Zuenko (Russia)
Invited Speakers:
Emanuele Di Lorenzo (Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA)Art Miller (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California-San Diego, USA)
Climate change is upon us in terms of both slow chronic change and increased physical and ecosystem variability.
Slow increases in SST, ice melting, sea level, hypoxia, ocean acidification and northward shifts in species arecause for concern, however for many scientists, climate variability at the seasonal-to-interannual time scale isof greater interest. This is especially true for the North Pacific where PICES scientists have been leaders inshowing how increased variability in physical forcing at the basin scale (e.g., the PDO, NPGO and ENSO) affects
productivity of marine ecosystems. Indeed, recognition of the impact of physical forcing at the basin scale on
local ecosystems was among the earlier focal points of PICES research and clearly opened our eyes to the need tolook at the physical forcing across the entire basin, not just local drivers of ecosystem variability. In the 25 years
since PICES was established, many unusual oceanographic events have occurred in the throughout North Pacificthat have affected the physics, plankton and fisheries: change in the PDO from 20-30 year cycles to the 5-10 year
cycles seen at present, the extended “warm ocean” period of 1993-1998 that resulted in the listing of many salmon

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species as threatened or endangered, the really big El Niño events of 1997-98 and 2015-16, the 2002 sub-Arctic
intrusion, the smaller 2003-2005 and 2009-10 El Niño events, the cold North Pacific in 2008, and of course thewarm Blob in 2014. We seek papers that analyze and synthesize regional variations in recent climate variability
and ecosystem response in coastal waters off Asia as well as the Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, and the major current
systems: Kuroshio, Oyashio, North pacific and California Currents.

S13: MONITOR/TCODE Topic Session
Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances and Challenges inMulti-parameter Observations
Co-Convenors:
Vyacheslav B. Lobanov (Russia)
Matthew Baker (USA)Sung Yong Kim (Korea)
John Barth, USA (USA)Daisuke Ambe (Japan)
Invited Speaker:
Hidekatsu Yamazaki (Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science andTechnology, Japan)
Major changes in coastal ocean ecosystems occur across the North Pacific and its marginal seas on a variety oftime scales, from weeks to years. Examples include warming events associated with low (e.g., El Nino) and highlatitude (“warm blob”) forcing, and coastal hypoxia influenced by both natural and anthropogenic forcing. Thesemajor changes involve physical, chemical, and biological processes and their interaction. Sustained, high-quality,
multi-parameter coastal observations are required to discern changes from normal seasonal patterns and to detectlong-term trends. We invite contributions that address the role of coastal ocean observations in advancing ourunderstanding of these major physical-biological changes in North Pacific coastal oceans. These may include
techniques for sustaining multi-sensor time series and the use of new measurement platforms, as well as newmeasurements and understanding of regional interactions and coastal-deep ocean interactions at various areasof PICES region. Subsequent discussion will facilitate an exchange on how major regional phenomena (e.g.,
ENSO, anomalous warming) are expressed at localized scales, best practices and new approaches in observational
techniques, and regional comparisons.

W1: POC Workshop
Acidification of the North Pacific Ocean: a basin-wide assessment
Co-Convenors:
James Christian (Canada)
Tsuneo Ono (Japan)
Invited Speaker:
Karen Kohfeld (Simon Fraser University, AB, Canada)
Ocean acidification has been proceeding for a century, at an accelerating rate, and its impacts are beginning to
be felt in many corners of the North Pacific. This workshop will bring together scientists from all of the PICES
countries to synthesize our observations and projections of acidification processes and impacts in our respective
countries’ waters and adjacent international waters. This workshop is the culmination of a two-year long processof collation of relevant information, and synthesis of data collected in each of the countries of the North Pacificbasin. The workshop proceedings will form the basis for subsequent assessments, with improved understandingof which ocean regions are most vulnerable to acidification impacts, and how additional resources might best be
deployed to predict or detect changes likely to produce significant impacts.

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W2: MEQ Workshop
Conditions promoting extreme Pseudo-nitzschia events in the eastern Pacific but not thewestern Pacific
Co-Convenors:
Vera Trainer (USA)Polina A. Kameneva (Russia)
Invited Speaker:
Inna Stonik (Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia)
There is clear evidence of contrasting occurrence and impacts of the toxin-producing diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia,
between the western and eastern Pacific. In 2015, a massive bloom spanning from California to Alaska, had major
impacts on the shellfish industry economic viability and on wildlife health. In contrast, Pseudo-nitzschia are nothighly toxic and do not cause economic losses in the western Pacific. These data provide a unique opportunity
for east-west Pacific comparisons to identify and rank those environmental factors that promote harmful algal
bloom (HAB) success at different times. The recent PICES-funded workshop on HABs and Climate Changeemphasized the importance of studying such extreme events to enhance our understanding of climate impacts.
This workshop will focus on Pseudo-nitzschia, a diatom that historically has had massive economic impacts inthe eastern PICES member countries, with low or no impacts in the western Pacific. The workshop foundation
will be an extension of the current dataset to the 1990s and earlier where available, with PICES participants
pre-submitting available data on: HAB species presence, maximum abundance, toxicity, optimal conditions for
growth, time of year, temperature range, salinity range, water clarity, nutrients, wind, river flow (flooding), andupwelling indices. Workshop participants will evaluate the trends and patterns in these data to develop hypotheses
for development into outlook products in the morning, and develop an outline for manuscript preparation in
the afternoon, including writing assignments and submission deadlines. The manuscript will be targeted for an
appropriate peer-reviewed journal.

W3: BIO Workshop
Distributions of habitat-forming coral and sponge assemblages in the North Pacific
Ocean and factors influencing their distributions
Co-Convenors:
Kwang-Sik Choi (Korea)
Janelle Curtis (Canada)
Masashi Kiyota (Japan)
Chris Rooper (USA)
Invited Speaker:
Hiroya Yamano (Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, NIES, Japan)
Changes in the marine environment influence global and regional distribution patterns of marine organisms
including corals and sponges in shallow, mesophotic, and deepwater ecosystems. The biogenic habitats formed bythese organisms support a broad range of biodiversity, and provide critical habitats for some socio-economicallyimportant fishes and invertebrates that attract commercial fishing and other anthropogenic activities. The aim of
this workshop is to improve our understanding of factors influencing the distributions of corals and sponges in the
North Pacific Ocean, improve habitat models predicting their distribution, and predict how their distributions arelikely to shift in response to natural and anthropogenic forcing, including climate change. In preparation for theworkshop, WG-32 Members and collaborators will compile new data on corals and glass sponges in the North
Pacific Ocean as well as existing environmental data to improve model prediction and interpretation based on amulti-model approach. Specifically, deep-sea coral habitat suitability models developed using records from allocean basins will be improved with the addition of coral location data from the North Pacific Ocean. New habitat
suitability models will be developed for deep-sea sponges and multi-model comparisons will be made for bothcoral and sponge taxa. Workshop participants will be invited to discuss, compare, and evaluate the influence ofpredictor variable data, and different modelling approaches on results. This process will help identify potential73

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ecological and physiological mechanisms influencing their distributions and provide insight into the potential forchanges in their distribution under different climate change scenarios. A novel contribution anticipated from thisworkshop will be the first habitat predictions for glass sponges (Hexactinellida) at a basin-wide scale in the North
Pacific Ocean. Workshop participants will synthesize lessons to be learned from the modelling exercise, futuretasks to further improve predictive accuracy, and possible applications for supporting marine spatial planning
processes.

W4: FIS Workshop
Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the distribution of highly migratory
species
Cosponsoring Organization: International Scientific Committee for Tuna and Tuna-like
Species in the North Pacific Ocean (ISC)
Co-Convenors:
Gerard DiNardo (USA)
Chi-lu Sun (Chinese Taipei)
Invited Speaker:
Barbara Muhling (NOAA, USA)This workshop will be convened by the proposed Joint PICES-ISC Working Group on Oceanographic Conditions
and the Distribution and Productivity of Highly Migratory Fish, as identified in the Working Group’s Terms ofReference (first workshop-PICES 2016 Annual Meeting in USA). The distribution and productivity of many
commercial pelagic fish populations in the North Pacific are determined by large-scale oceanographic processes
and climate variability. One hypothesis is that highly migratory pelagic species, such as albacore (Thunnus
alalungus), have environmental thresholds and preferences that drive their distribution and productivity. This
workshop will focus on statistical modeling approaches that link spatially explicit environmental data (e.g.,satellite derived SST) to distributional fish data (e.g., commercial catch per unit effort data, CPUE) for highly
migratory species. Group discussion will help facilitate identification by the Joint Working Group of a suitable
methodology to use to develop habitat models of albacore and to provide possible scenarios for future fishery
CPUE ‘hot spots’. Papers that deal with common difficulties in relating spatially explicit data to fish distributional
data (e.g., zero-inflated data, mismatch between spatial or temporal resolution of oceanographic to distributional
datasets), are also encouraged.

W5: FIS Workshop
Modeling effects of climate change on fish and fisheries
Co-Convenors:
Anne B. Hollowed (USA)Shin-ichi Ito (Japan)
Invited Speaker:
Michio Kawamiya (JAMSTEC, Japan)
S-CCME convened a workshop in August 2015 to discuss the details needed to establish an international effort toproject the response of fish and fisheries to different climate change scenarios and fisheries management strategies.
Several regional modeling teams were identified that would form the core of the S-CCME projection modelingresearch effort. S-CCME members were tasked with working with modelers within each of the modeling nodes toinitiate projections in 2016. This workshop will provide an opportunity for S-CCME investigators and collaborating
modelers in each of the regional nodes to meet to discuss the current status of their regional integrated modelingteams. Specific goals of this workshop are to: a) identify analytical approaches that are being used in each of theregional nodes; b) review methods for comparing projections derived from different suites of single species climate
enhanced projection models, multispecies climate enhanced projection models, full food web (e.g., EcoSIM), and74

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dynamic spatially explicit ecosystem models; and c) preliminary inspection of the implications of future climatechange on commercially important marine fish stocks in the northern hemisphere. Results will provide a critical
opportunity for S-CCME scientists to coordinate their regional modeling efforts. S-CCME members plan to use
the scenarios derived from the regional modeling teams to provide climate-informed options for mitigation of,and management of harvested resources under a changing climate. The format will allow for breakout groups for
intra-disciplinary discussions and plenary interdisciplinary research. Projected outcomes of these scenarios using
population dynamics models of different approaches and complexity will allow analysts to compare and reporton the relationship between model complexity, efficiency, and the computational costs of increased ecologicalrealism in models. Expected products include a meeting report.

W6: BIO Workshop
Consumption of North Pacific Forage Species by Marine Birds and Mammals
Co-Convenors:
Andrew Trites (Canada)
Elliott Hazen (USA)
Tsutomu Tamura (Japan)
Yutaka Watanuki (Japan)
Invited Speaker:
Julie Thayer (Farallon Institute for Advanced Ecosystem Research, CA, USA)
Marine birds and mammals (MBMs) are known to consume substantial amounts of prey species, and can impact
their abundance and sometimes induce trophic cascades. Therefore, MBMs can have large impacts on forage
fish populations, the broader ecosystem, and can compete with other top-predators and fisheries. Quantifying
the effects of MBMs on marine ecosystem requires detailed knowledge of diets and abundance of prey species
consumed. Such data are also needed to examine the influence of climate variability and change on trophic
linkages in the North Pacific, as well as to understand how changes in prey quantity, quality, composition anddistribution affect the abundance and distribution of marine birds and mammals. Our proposed workshop is a key
priority of S-MBM’s new program (2015-2019) to assess the climate and trophic ecology of marine birds andmammals. We will invite modelers (movement and energetics of animals) and holders of dietary and distribution
data for approximately ten of the most intensively studied species of seabirds and marine mammals in the North
Pacific to 1) give succinct reviews and overviews of modelling techniques and the temporal and spatial data
sets held by their agencies or collaborators (during the morning). Breakout groups in the afternoon will enableaffirmation of species and regions of interest, discuss limitations of the data sets, identify alternative sources ofdata and information, and discuss synergies among the diet data and the movement and bioenergetic models.
The conveners will meet the following morning to prepare the workshop report. Holding this workshop is an
important first step in compiling and integrating the dietary and movement datasets we are seeking, and ensuringthat the models that will be developed through the S-MBM are well thought through and have a high probabilityof success.

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W7: MONITOR Workshop
Delivering quality multi-parameter data from the coastal ocean
Co-sponsor: Ocean Networks Canada
Co-Convenors:
Akash Sastri (Canada)
Chuanxi Xing (China)
Invited Speaker:
Rich Pawlowicz (University of British Columbia, Canada)
Zhifeng Zhang (National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (NMEMC), SOA, PR China)
This workshop is a priority for the PICES Advisory Panel on North Pacific Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (APNPCOOS). We propose a 1-day workshop of talks and discussion toward the goal of developing ‘best practices’for ensuring high-quality sensor observations in coastal marine ecosystems in the North Pacific. The coastal
ocean is a region with important fisheries and other ecosystem benefits, while at the same time being subject tohuman pressures. In order to assess coastal marine ecosystem status and changes, including any long-term trends,
high-quality observations of a variety of physical, chemical and biological variables must be made and sustained.
Sensor-based observations are critical to coastal observation programs and are used as part of ship-based sampling
programs, fixed-point platforms (i.e. long-term mooring and cabled deployments), mobile platforms (i.e. gliders,
ferries), and are necessary to ground-truth remote sensing observations (i.e. turbidity, chlorophyll and CDOM).
The quality of these observations depends on sensor choice, pre-deployment sensor preparation and calibration,
platform and sensor deployment, post-deployment sensor calibration and data processing and dissemination. We
invite contributions that deal with all aspects of delivering high-quality data from the coastal ocean, in particulartechniques for measuring biogeochemical parameters (oxygen, nutrients, chlorophyll) and mitigating biofoulingand sensor drift.

W8: POC Workshop
Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in the North Pacific: History and new challenges
Co-Convenors:
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Hiromichi Ueno (Japan)
Annalisa Bracco (USA)
Invited Speakers:
Sachihiko Itoh (The University of Tokyo, Japan)
Naomi M. Levine (University of Southern California, USA)
Oceanic mesoscale flow fields like eddies, upwelling, and fronts at spatial scales of ~10 – 100 km have been
extensively studied for their dynamics and various contributions to marine ecosystems. Motions on the submesoscale(~1 km) and their impacts on the marine ecosystem, however, are less well known. Submesoscale features areoften found along the periphery of mesoscale eddies and involve larger vertical fluxes than those associated withmesoscale eddies which then have substantial effects on the phytoplankton productivity. Submesoscale processes
also interact with mesoscale processes. Understanding the fundamental physics of these processes, their influence
on lateral and vertical fluxes, and how they influence the functioning of the marine ecosystem is necessary inorder to assess likely changes and shifts to the system under a changing climate. Faced with these important
issues, however, observational skills, theoretical understandings, and modeling techniques are still immature. This
workshop provides a forum to discuss the physics and biology of the ocean at the meso- and sub-mesoscales basedon observations and modeling and to clarify our challenges in the next decades. Ideas and conclusions from thisworkshop may be incorporated into a new PICES working group.

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W9: POC Workshop
The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating Arctic environments:
Towards international interdisciplinary efforts
Co-sponsor: North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)
Co-Convenors:
Lisa Eisner (USA)Matthew Baker (USA)
Kirill Kivva (Russia)
Invited Speakers:
Seth Danielson (University of Alaska Fairbanks, USA)
Kirill Kivva (Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Russia)
Alexander Zavolokin (North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC))
Despite the fact that the Bering Sea is outside the Arctic Ocean, in many ways it behaves as an Arctic sea. The
northern Bering Sea influences the state of the southern Chukchi Sea ecosystem as well as the functioning of manyother Arctic regions, including the central Arctic. The Pacific Arctic Region has received great attention during
the past few years:- RUSsian-American Long-term Census of the Arctic (RUSALCA) annual cruises and publications- Adaptation Actions for the Changing Arctic AMAP Report part C (in preparation)- The Pacific Arctic Region synthesis (Grebmeier and Maslowski, Eds., 2014).
Yet, the scientific efforts in the Northern Bering – Southern Chukchi Sea region are conducted mostly at thenational level, and would benefit from joint multinational coordination.
The goal of this workshop is to bring together researchers representing multiple national and international
institutions and multiple scientific disciplines (e.g. oceanography, plankton, fisheries) to share data, shareknowledge, build collaborations and conduct outreach. We invite scientists interested in 1) physical oceanography
and chemical fluxes, 2) plankton distribution and ecology, 3) fisheries and ecosystem dynamics, and 4) modeling
efforts across the northern Bering Sea region. Talks will be followed by discussion periods. Depending on the
success of the proposed workshop, and the interests of the participants, a PICES Study Group may be establishedto work on data sharing and coordination at the international level at future meetings (e.g., a 2nd workshop is
anticipated for the fall 2017 annual meeting in Vladivostok, Russia).
Workshop products
Potential participants are encouraged to provide metadata describing past and present research efforts and to
submit applicable Ecological Time Series Observations (ETSOs) presented or discussed during the workshop
to the North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report. Results from this workshop will also be presented at the Alaska
Marine Science Symposium in Anchorage AK, January 2017, and summarized in an article in the PICES Presssemi-annual newsletter.

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W10: MEQ Workshop
Distribution and Risk Analysis of Radionuclides in the North Pacific
Co-Convenors:
Yusheng Zhang (China)
Kathryn A. Higley (USA)
Invited Speaker:
Núria Casacuberta (ETH Zürich, The Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics and Environmental Physics,
Switzerland)
The Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident resulted in a large pulse of radioactive
contaminants being released into the North Pacific. While radiation is recognized as a potential stressor inenvironmental systems, this workshop will consider the data collected to date to determine if the radionuclides
released have had significant impacts on ecosystems within the North Pacific. Participants will present anddiscuss radionuclide transport and fate, and any observed impacts from the FDNPP radionuclides on the marine
ecosystem in the North Pacific. Participants will be encouraged to exchange information on new techniques andmethodologies for monitoring environmental radioactivity and assessing the effects of radionuclides. Discussions
on information gaps and research priorities in monitoring and assessment will also be conducted. The workshop
organizers will invite other relevant international organizations (such as SCOR, ICRP/IAEA) as co-sponsors andinvited speakers to share their reports on research and progress with regard to the monitoring and assessment on
the marine environmental radioactivity in the North Pacific.

BIO Contributed Poster Session 1
Recent Progress in Deep-Sea Research and Conservation: Lessons from Various Partsof the Globe
Co-Convenors:
Alexei Orlov (Russia)
Tony Koslow (USA)Orio Yamamura (Japan)
Evgeny Pakhomov (Canada)
In recent years, intensive study of deep-sea ecosystems (continental slope, seamounts, trenches, troughs, andmid-water layers) of the global ocean has received increased attention because of the high levels of endemism
and extreme vulnerability of their biota to any impact, particularly due to human activities. In the past, deep-sea
research was focused mainly on the qualitative and quantitative composition of particular species or componentof deep-water ecosystem. Currently, studies of life cycles, evaluation of anthropogenic impact, conservation of
biological and genetic diversity, safe and sustainable exploitation of biological resources and their protection
from destruction during human activities (fishing, mining, shipping, etc.) have become increasingly important.
Several projects under the “Census of Marine Life (CoML)” program were conducted during recent years,
namely CeDAMar, Mar-Eco, CenSeam, ChEss, etc. There were also several local projects focused on deepwater biodiversity studies of the Sea of Okhotsk (SokhoBio), Japan/East Sea (SoJaBio) and Kurile-Kamchatka
Trench (KuramBio). Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VME) in deep waters has received increasing
attention, including data reporting requirements management action, in FAO, CCAMLR and a number of RFMOs
such as NAFO, NEAFC, SEAFO, SPRFMO, etc. In the Southern Ocean German-led Antarctic Benthic DeepSea Biodiversity Project (ANDEEP) has provided critical new data that has been incorporated into the work of
CCAMLR. For the Southern Indian Ocean, IUCN and SIODFA announced Benthic protected areas. Modern
significant progress in deep-sea research became possible mainly due to development of new methodologies andtechnical equipment, including ROV’s, landers, various recorders, etc. This poster session will provide a forum forsharing recent advances in deep-sea research and conservation in various parts of the global ocean in the whole,and the North Pacific in particular. Contributions on recent biological studies and conservation in deep waters of
the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern oceans are encouraged.

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BIO Contributed Poster Session 2
Co-Convenors:
Angelica Peña (Canada)
Se-Jong Ju (Korea)
The Biological Oceanography Committee (BIO) has a wide range of interests spanning from molecular to global
scales. BIO targets all organisms living in the marine environment including bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton,
micronekton, benthos and marine birds and mammals. In this session, we welcome abstracts on biological aspectsof marine science in the PICES region, except those covered by other Topic Sessions or Workshops sponsored by
the Biological Oceanography Committee (BIO).

FIS Contributed Poster Session
Co-Convenors:
Xianshi Jin (China)
Elizabeth Logerwell (USA)This session invites abstracts addressing general topics in fishery science and fisheries oceanography in the North
Pacific and its marginal seas, except those covered by other Topic Sessions or Workshops sponsored by the
Fishery Science Committee (FIS).

MEQ Contributed Poster Session
Co-Convenors:
Chuanlin Huo (China)
Darlene Smith (Canada)
Abstracts are invited on all aspects of marine environmental quality research in the North Pacific and its marginalseas, except those covered by other Topic Sessions or Workshops sponsored by the Marine Environmental Quality
Committee (MEQ).

POC Contributed Poster Session
Co-Convenors:
Kyung-Il Chang (Korea)
Michael Foreman (Canada)
Abstracts are invited on all aspects of physical oceanography and climate in the North Pacific and its marginalseas, except those covered by other Topic Sessions or Workshops sponsored by the Physical Oceanography andClimate Committee (POC).

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MONITOR Contributed Poster Session
Co-Convenors:
Jennifer Boldt (Canada)
Sanae Chiba (Japan)
This session invites abstracts addressing general topics in monitoring and regularizing observations in the North
Pacific and its marginal seas, except those covered by other Topic Sessions or Workshops sponsored by the
Monitoring Committee (MONITOR).

S-HD Contributed Poster Session
Co-Convenors:
Mitsutaku Makino (Japan)
Keith Criddle (USA)The Section on Human Dimensions of Marine Systems (S-HD) is holding a poster session for the promotion,
coordination, integration and synthesis of research activities related to the contribution of the social sciences tomarine science, and to facilitate discussion among researchers from both the natural and social sciences. We invite
abstract submissions on any of these topics.

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Abstracts
Oral Presentations

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November 2
Workshop 3 (BIO)
Distributions of habitat-forming coral and sponge assemblages in the
North Pacific Ocean and factors influencing their distributions

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November 2, 09:25 (W3-11269)

Environmental factors affecting the distribution of habitat-forming shallow-water corals
Hiroya Yamano and Naoki H. Kumagai
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan. E-mail: hyamano@nies.go.jp

Tropical and subtropical islands are associated with coral reefs which provide ecosystem services, including
fisheries, tourism and coastal protection. This is especially true for reef islands that are fully composed of reefderived materials. Both global-scale (climate change) and local-scale (land-based pollution) factors have beencausing significant change in corals. Japan provides an ideal setting to examine these changes, because it covers awide latitudinal range, stretching from subtropical to temperate areas, and the latitudinal limits of coral reefs andcoral distributions are occur in the Japanese islands. The seas around Japan have showed significant sea surface
temperature (SST) rises in winter (January–March) from 1.1°C–1.6°C. Temperature is critical to determining thelatitudinal limit of coral survival. This means that Japan provides a unique opportunity for examining baselines of
species ranges and shifts in those ranges due to climate change, including SST warming and ocean acidification.
In addition, some islands have a significant amount of sediment discharge from rivers as a result of extensive landdevelopment. So land-based pollution issues can also be examined. We present recent progress on examining
environmental change and the effects on coral reefs around Japan, and show issues to be solved to understandtheir current and future distributions.

November 2, 10:05 (W3-10903)

First report on the annual gametogenesis of high-latitude corals Alveopora japonica(Eguchi, 1968) and Oulastrea crispta (Lamarck, 1816) on Jeju Island, Korea
Jin-Soo Park1, Sang-Yul Park1, Shashank Keshavmurthy1, Chang-Keun Kang2 and Kwang-Sik Choi1
12School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, Jejusi, R Korea. E-mail: skchoi@jejunu.ac.kr
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju, R Korea

Populations of high-latitude corals Alveopora japonica and Oulastrea crispta have been increasing rapidly in Jeju
Island off the south coast of Korea.No studies have investigated the reproduction of these species in Korea. In thisstudy, we investigated annual reproductive cycle of these two species using histological methods. In 2015, corals
were sampled monthly at Biyang-do (Northern coast of Jeju Island) and Bomok (Southern coast of Jeju Island).
Annual surface seawater temperature of both sites ranged 13C~26C during the study period. Gonad development
was analyzed through counting of the number of gonial cells (i.e., oogonia and spermatogonia) grouped by theirstage of development. Histology revealed that the oocytes and spermaries of both species developed in separate
mesenterial filaments of the polyps. At Biyang-do and Bomok, A. japonica oocytes first appeared in January
and ripe eggs were released in late August, after 8 months of maturation. Oocytes of O. crispata were also firstobserved in January, and the ripe eggs were released in September. In summary, A. japonica and O.crispata haveseasonal patterns of gametogenesis, with gonial mitosis occurring predominantly in late January and the major
spawning of these two species appeared to follow a period of rising the water temperature in September in Jeju
Island.

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November 2, 10:50 (W3-11409)

Biogeographic patterns and hypotheses relating deep-sea coral distributions to water
massesLes Watling
Department of Biology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: watling@hawaii.edu

An analysis of distribution patterns of deep-sea octocorals is ongoing. In the North Pacific, there seems to be threemain ecoregions(?) of octocoral distributions at lower bathyal (800 – 3500 m) depths: 1) an area encompassing
the western North American continental margin and associated seamounts into the Gulf of Alaska and along the
Aleutian Ridge; 2) an area including the Hawaiian Ridge, Nekker Ridge and nearby seamounts, with an extensionof some species or their relatives into the NW Atlantic to the east, and to the SW Pacific seamounts to the west;
and 3) the area of the NW Pacific from Kamchatka to south of Japan. We do not yet have a complete explanation
for these patterns, but we hypothesize they are related to long-term ocean history and water mass circulation
patterns. The latter aspect will be tested during a cruise to the Emperor Seamounts in June 2017 where we will
sample octocorals from seamounts north and south of the Main Gap, through which three major currents flowfrom west to east or east to west, depending on depth. We propose that this “current wall” is a barrier to northsouth distribution of deep octocorals. The Atlantic-Pacific connection has been established using genetic markers
and we are investigating paleoceanographic current patterns for an explanation. The northeast Pacific and Aleutian
octocorals seem to have been isolated from the rest of the North Pacific for a long time. Upper bathyal andmesophotic octocoral distributions have not been investigated by our group.

November 2, 11:30 (W3-11413)

Factors affecting the large scale distribution of deep sea corals and sponges in the Alaskan
ecosystems of the North Pacific Ocean
Christopher N. Rooper, Rachel Wilborn and Pamela Goddard
National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: chris.rooper@noaa.gov

Environmental factors that control the distribution of deep sea corals and sponges in Alaska and the wider North
Pacific basin can be important at a number of different scales. For example, large-scale basin wide modeling
efforts have pointed to the effects of variables such as temperature, depth and water chemistry. However, modelingstudies conducted at a regional scale such as those in Alaska indicate factors that are linked to the distribution ofdeep sea corals and sponges can vary from ecosystem to ecosystem. For example, tidal currents in the AleutianIslands are a dominant feature shaping the distribution of deep-sea corals and sponges, while in the Gulf of Alaska,
these currents are much smaller and play a less important role in determining benthic invertebrate distribution. At
the transect scale, underwater imagery indicates that the most important factor controlling the distribution of deepsea corals and sponges is the presence of suitable hard substrate for attachment. However, comparisons of theeastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands indicates that the presence of hard substrates may not always be enoughto confer presence of invertebrates. In addition, past fishing activities can also influence the perception of the
distribution and abundance of deep-sea corals and sponges. A summary of the factors controlling the distributionof benthic invertebrates from modeling and in situ studies conducted in Alaska will be presented for a variety of
scales that may inform an examination of the larger North Pacific.

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November 2, 11:55 (W3-11084)

Seascape ecology of glass sponge reefs: Fine scale measurements of habitat heterogeneityand its relationship to community structure
Stephanie K. Archer, Jannet Mossman and Anya Dunham
Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: Stephanie.Archer@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Sponges create structured habitat and facilitate entire communities. However, it is unclear whether their positive
influence is due to the structure they create or if other ecological processes also contribute to their role asfacilitators. Further, we know little about how the spatial distribution of sponges influences community structure.
Glass sponge reefs are ecosystems formed by Hexactinosid sponges, whose rigid skeleton persists long after the
sponges’ death. Anthropogenic activities have increased the spatial heterogeneity of both live and undamaged
dead sponge skeletons within the reefs. Consequently, these reefs provide a unique opportunity to investigate therelative importance of live sponges and the spatial distribution of structured habitat for the diversity of marine
ecosystems. In 2012 and 2013 we collected georeferenced video and imagery along 78 ROV transects in nine glass
sponge reef complexes in the Strait of Georgia, BC. We described the distribution of live and undamaged deadreef-building sponges. We then compared the communities associated with areas of live and dead sponges. Finally,
we examined the relationship between the spatial distribution of structured habitat and community composition.
Areas of structured habitat supported significantly more diverse and abundant communities. The distribution of
structured habitat was highly patchy on all reefs. When total habitat area was comparable, contiguous habitat
supported a higher abundance of organisms than patchy habitat. These results suggest that human activities which
damage the structure provided by both live and dead reef building sponges reduce the ability of these ecosystems
to support fish and invertebrate communities.

November 2, 14:00 (W3-11318)

Resolving biogeographic patterns in the deep sea using species distribution modeling
Samuel E. Georgian1 and Erik E. Cordes2
1
2

Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: samuel.georgian@marine-conservation.org
Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

The fundamental niche of many deep-sea species remains poorly resolved despite decades of seafloor exploration.
A better understanding of species’ biogeographic distributions is essential for designing and implementing
management plans, shaping future research efforts, and assessing anthropogenic impacts. We evaluated the nicheand distribution of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa in the Gulf of Mexico using an ensemble modelingapproach that integrated multiple techniques including maximum entropy (Maxent), random forest, andgeneralized additive models. Predictor variables were derived from high-resolution remotely-sensed data andincluded a suite of terrain metrics, seismic reflectivity of the seafloor, and the export of particulate organic carbon
to the seafloor. The ability of models to predict occurrences in new regions (transferability) and to downscalefrom regional to local scales (scalability) was also assessed. Modeling results supported previous assumptions
that L. pertusa’s distribution is primarily driven by depth, locally elevated topography, and the availability ofhard substrata suitable for recruitment. All models performed well with AUC scores greater than 0.8, however
we found that adjusting models from their default settings improved transferability and scalability. Given theseresults, we suggest that future expeditions combine remotely-sensed data with species distribution models toincrease the efficiency of deep-sea exploration. A similar approach is currently underway to model the distributionof vulnerable marine ecosystem (VME) taxa in the North Pacific Ocean.

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November 2, 14:40 (W3-11423)

Data-driven bioregions for local ecosystem context in species distribution models
Andrew McMillan1 and Anders Knudby2
1
2

Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. E-mail: akmcmill@sfu.ca
Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSpecies Distribution Modeling (SDM) involves statistically relating species observations with co-occurring
environmental variables, and then using the observed relationships to map species distributions from spatiallyextensive environmental data layers. Biological interactions, while also known to influence species distributions,
are not explicitly taken into consideration in SDM. Biological interactions vary depending on local environmentand community composition, and environmental proxies are needed to describe this local environmental context.
Alternatively, if a distribution model is calibrated with data constrained by local species assemblages, the model
can be considered to account for local species interactions. This project aims to define data-driven bioregions
based on the turnover of species assemblages. Values of species turnover were generated by applying the Gradient
Forest algorithm to trawl catch data from the Scotian Shelf, Canada. The turnover values were then plotted acrossprincipal components of environmental variables, and a cluster analysis was used to define distinct assemblages.
The assemblages were then overlain onto the study area using associated primary component values. Depth andtemperature were shown to be the most influential predictor variables in the gradient forest model. Three primaryclusters were found, dividing the shelf into eastern and western regions, with the deep water as a separate region.
Further validation of data-driven bioregion effects on SDM on the Scotian Shelf will require greater sampling indeeper waters.

November 2, 15:05 (W3-11418)

Selection of the proper spatial resolution for habitat modeling of cold-water corals
Mai Miyamoto1, Masashi Kiyota1, Hiroto Murase1, Takeshi Nakamura2 and Takeshi Hayashibara1,3
1
23

National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: maim@affrc.go.jp
National Fisheries University, Shimonoseki, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Ishigaki, JapanDue to general paucity of species distribution data in deep sea areas, the need for habitat modeling of coldwater corals is increasing. It is important to select an appropriate spatial resolution of analysis depending on data
availability, species characteristics and the extent of target areas. We examined appropriate spatial resolution for
habitat analysis of large gorgonian corals at a local scale such as seamounts. Species occurrence data and highresolution multi-beam bathymetry data were collected by ship-borne surveys in the Emperor Seamounts areain 2009 - 2013. Depth and terrain parameters were generated at six different grid cell sizes from 25 x 25 m to
800 x 800 m and used as environmental variables for habitat analysis. The values of terrain parameters showed
different patterns at smaller (≤ 100 m) and larger (> 100 m) grid cell sizes. Accordingly, the topographic structures
expressed by the raster maps changed with the grid cell sizes. Maxent habitat models showed higher prediction
accuracy at smaller grid cell sizes, and predicted high habitat suitability at such locations as ridges on upper slopes
and terrace edges and surface undulation on seamount tops. This suggested sloped and/or irregular sea floor isimportant habitat of large gorgonian corals. Our results indicate the value of high-resolution bathymetry data forpredicting cold-water coral habitat in local scale of the Emperor Seamounts area.

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November 2, 15:30 (W3-11227)

Testing the transferability of species distribution models between shallow seamounts in
the North Pacific Ocean
Dana Haggarty1, Janelle Curtis1 and Cherisse Du Preez2
1
2

Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: dana.haggarty@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA

A lack of comprehensive biotic and abiotic spatial data for seamounts makes it challenging to understand theimpacts of fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems such as habitat-forming corals and sponges. In 2012,
Cobb Seamount (an unusually shallow seamount, rising to 24 m depth) was rigorously surveyed using multiple
underwater vehicles from 24 to 1200 m depth. Underwater images were collected and annotated for biotic andabiotic data. The data was used to produce species distribution models (SDMs) for numerous taxa of sponges andcorals using predictors such as depth, slope and rugosity. We then used the SDMs produced for Cobb Seamount topredict the distribution of biogenic habitats such as corals and sponges on Bowie Seamount. Bowie Seamount isanother shallow seamount that rises to 24 m of depth, but is located roughly 800 km to the north of Cobb Seamount.
Bowie Seamount was surveyed in 2011 using a remotely operated vehicle and autonomous underwater vehicle,
and in 2015 using a drop camera system. Underwater images from Bowie Seamount were also collected andannotated for biotic and abiotic data. We used these data to test the transferability of species distribution models
among seamounts. We also analyzed the importance of predictor variables on species distributions. Preliminary
analysis supports the hypothesis that seamounts have unique benthic communities; however, model refinement
may improve model transferability among seamounts. Analyses of model transferability, such as ours, will aid inunderstanding seamount ecosystems and the distribution of corals and sponges.

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November 3

Workshop 1
Acidification of the North Pacific Ocean: a basin-wide assessment
Workshop 2
Conditions promoting extreme Pseudo-nitzschia events in the eastern
Pacific but not the western PacificWorkshop 3 (no abstracts)
Distributions of habitat-forming coral and sponge assemblages in the
North Pacific Ocean and factors influencing their distributions
Workshop 4
Methods relating oceanographic conditions to the distribution ofhighly migratory species
Workshop 6
Consumption of North Pacific forage species by marine birds andmammals
Workshop 7
Delivering quality multi-parameter data from the coastal oceanWorkshop 9
The role of the northern Bering Sea in modulating Arctic
environments: Towards international interdisciplinary efforts
Workshop 10
Distribution and Risk Analysis of Radionuclides in the North Pacific89

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POC Workshop (W1)
Acidification of the North Pacific Ocean: A basin-wide assessment
November 3, 09:10 (W1-11385)

Assessing vulnerability to ocean acidification in the Strait of Georgia along the Canadian
Pacific Coast
Karen E. Kohfeld1, Debby Ianson2, Susan E. Allen3, Ellie Simpson1, Ben Moore-Maley3, Chris Harley3, Paul
Covert4, Marty Davelaar2, Kenny Scozzafava2, Yves Perrault5, Andre Comeau6, Keith Reid7 and Terry Learmonth8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. E-mail: kohfeld@sfu.ca
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland
Little Wing Oysters, Ltd, Okeover Inlet, BC, Canada
Okeover Organic Oysters, Powell River, BC, Canada
Stellar Bay Shellfish, Ltd., Bowser, BC, Canada
Salty Dogs Seafoods, Duncan, BC, Canada

In coastal waters, ocean acidification due to carbon dioxide invasion can be amplified by upwelling, terrestrial
inputs, biological respiration, and remineralization, thus impacting marine ecosystems and coastal fisheries. The
Canadian Integrated Coastal Acidification Program was launched in 2015 to measure and model spatio-temporalvariability of acidification in near-shore areas where harvesters operate, with the goal of understanding how
coastal acidification could impact commercially-important species and Canadian coastal communities. On the
Pacific Coast, this project focuses on the Strait of Georgia (SoG), a large, semi-enclosed basin with extensive
shellfish aquaculture that already is enriched in carbon and has low pH relative to the neighbouring open ocean.
Although terrestrial and fresh water influences will be felt most nearshore, until recently, the carbonate system
has not been measured in near-shore areas where shellfish and harvesting activities are likely to be impacted. We
aim to characterize the carbonate chemistry of three nearshore regions in the Strait of Georgia with contrasting
physical environments, including the highly productive Baynes Sound (where the majority of shellfish aquaculture
in BC occurs). Through monitoring of dissolved inorganic carbon, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, temperature,salinity, and nutrient concentrations, we examine diurnal and seasonal variation and patterns of pH, pCO2, andaragonite saturation and place these measurements within the context of surface water properties measured on large
ships within the Strait. We will integrate these observations into future and on-going biogeochemical modelling
efforts that cover all of our study sites and use them to inform in-situ experiments with commercial species.

November 3, 14:00 (W1-11266)

Variations of carbon uptake and ocean acidification in the Bering Sea and Western Arctic
Ocean from 1999 to 2014
Zhongyong Gao, Heng Sun, Liqi Chen and Di Qi
Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Third Institute of
Oceanography, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: zgao@263.net

Carbon uptakes in the Bering Sea and the Western Arctic Ocean (WAO) were well measured and comparedfrom 1999 to 2014 during 6 summer cruises of the Chinese National Arctic research Expedition (CHINARE).
Distributions of pCO2 in both areas and their relationships with physical and chemical parameters were discussed.
CO2 system parameters were measured in discrete water column samples as well. According to the CO2 uptake
capacity, both areas could be divided into 4 regions respectively. Bering sea could be divided into Bering Shelf
Region (BS), Bering Slope Current Region (BSC), the Northern Bering Basin Region (NBB) and the Southern
Bering Basin Region (SBB), and the WAO could be divided into 4 regions as exchange area of the Arctic Ocean
and the Pacific Ocean (Chukchi Sea), marginal ice zone, and pack ice zone, and unknown water under ice cover.
Both side of Bering Strait (including Bering and Chukchi Shelves and Bering Sea slope) were the most strong
carbon sink during summer. Judged from decadal changes of pCO2, Chukchi Sea maintains high carbon fluxes
due to the plentiful nutrients supplements, however ocean acidification were happened seriously due to the Bering
Through flow water. Discussed by carbonate parameters, from 1999 to 2014, surface and subsurface waters
were acidification within the context of large-scale water mass exchange and local physical and biogeochemical
processes from the northern North Pacific to Western Arctic Ocean.
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November 3, 14:20 (W1-11326)

Reconstructing ocean acidification in deep coastal and estuarine waters of the northeastern
Pacific Ocean (Cascadia Margin): A crab’s eye view
Simone Alin1, Beth Curry2, Meghan Shea3, Wendi Ruef4, John Mickett2, Richard A. Feely1, Jan Newton2, Allan
Devol4, Liam Antrim5, Kathy Hough5, Christopher Krembs6 and Samantha Siedlecki7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: simone.r.alin@noaa.gov
University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
University of Washington School of Oceanography, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, WA, USA
Washington State Department of Ecology, WA, USA
University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Oceans, Seattle, WA, USA

Upwelling along the Pacific Coast of North America exposes the continental shelf to dense, nutrient- and CO2rich but oxygen-poor water. It also provides the marine source water that fills the deep basins of Puget Sound, aglacial estuarine complex characterized by high variability and areas of restricted circulation. Throughout summer,
upwelling and river inputs drive intense primary production in surface waters, which in turn drives deep-water
remineralization of organic matter and exacerbates low-oxygen, corrosive conditions on the shelf and in Puget
Sound. Both environments are home to the U.S. West Coast’s perennially most valuable fishery: Dungeness crab.
Through ship-based sampling and moored time-series, we have observed the dynamic carbon cycle in coastal
and estuarine waters of the northeastern Pacific Ocean since 2006. While survey cruises provide snapshots ofwater-column conditions and moored sensors provide high-resolution measurements of surface conditions, there
are significant observational gaps in the deep environments where the most corrosive, hypoxic conditions develop
and where important benthic and demersal marine communities dwell.
We developed empirical relationships for reconstructing carbonate chemistry from proxy data within the
California Current System and Puget Sound based on calibration data sets from research cruises. We applied thoserelationships to near-bottom time-series collected throughout the Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary,
Admiralty Inlet (sill at entrance to Puget Sound), and ORCA moorings in Puget Sound. Here we will show theseasonal progression of corrosive, hypoxic conditions on the Washington shelf and in Puget Sound, highlighting
differences in extent, intensity, and duration of these seasonal conditions.

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MEQ Workshop (W2): Conditions promoting extreme
Pseudo-nitzschia events in the eastern Pacific but not the western
Pacific
November 3, 09:00 (W2-11006)

Pseudo-nitzschia diversity, bloom events and their impacts in the North Pacific: An EastWest comparison
Inna V. Stonik
A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
E-mail: innast2004@mail.ru

Diatoms belonging to the genus Pseudo-nitzschia are well known as domoic acid (DA) producers exerting asignificant negative impact on human health, aquaculture, and marine wildlife. Intense Pseudo-nitzschia blooms
are a frequent cause of mortality of marine birds and mammals in the eastern Pacific. Nevertheless, despite maximal
concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia cells in the western Pacific almost equivalent to those in the East, no severe
toxic episodes have been reported from the West. Here, we will discuss the possible causes of this difference, which
can be attributed to: (1) different dominant species, (2) higher DA concentrations in species in the East comparedto those in the West, (3) different environmental factors affecting the bloom events (upwelling, riverine inputs,
nutrient ratios, etc.), (4) differences in specific physiological conditions conducive to DA production, including
the impact of bacteria. It should be noted that in Russian waters, and perhaps elsewhere in the western Pacific, theabundance of P. multiseries has drastically decreased since сa. 2002. This may be one of the possible causes of thelack of impact in the West, where significant levels of DA have been reported in cultures of this species. Special
comparative East–West studies, regarding species and genetic diversity, and parameters controlling toxic blooms,
are required to better understand these contrasting impacts.

November 3, 09:40 (W2-11080)

Pseudo-nitzschia species and domoic acid on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British
Columbia, in 2015
Nicola Haigh, Tamara Russell and Devan Johnson
Harmful Algae Monitoring program, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: Nicky.Haigh@viu.ca

An unusually high incidence of domoic acid (DA) in British Columbia in 2015 appeared to be associated withan extremely large offshore diatom bloom, reported to stretch from California to Alaska. In early May, mussel
samples from Barkley Sound on southwestern Vancouver Island tested at 25 µg DA g-1 by the Canadian Food
Inspection Agency (CFIA). Between late April and late October, DA was detected in a total of 106 samples
collected from all of the major sounds and inlets on the west coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI). The highest levels
were found in Esperanza Inlet, peaking at 75.4 µg DA g-1 on June 14, but samples above the regulatory thresholdof 20 µg DA g-1 were also taken from Nitinat in mid-May (49.4 µg DA g-1), and Clayoquot Sound in mid-August(33.9 µg DA g-1). Three peaks of DA were seen in WCVI sites, in May – June, August, and October.
Pseudo-nitzschia cells in images from Barkley Sound water samples in May were identified as P. australis. Highconcentrations of diatoms, including Pseudo-nitzschia species, were seen in water samples from Long Beach inJune, with P. australis identified as the dominant species on June 11, and P. fraudulenta on June 15. Water samples
from Esperanza Inlet in June and July also had high concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia species.
Warm water off WCVI is suggested as an important factor in the Pseudo-nitzschia bloom and high DA; meanwater temperature in January - May 2015 at Amphitrite Point was 1.7° C above average.

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November 3, 10:05 (W2-11020)

Amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) potential in Japan
Yuichi Kotaki1 and Setsuko Sakamoto2
1
2

Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan. E-mail: kotaki@kitasato-u.ac.jp
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan

Scallops and blue mussels were monitored for domoic acid in Ofunato Bay, on the northeast coast of Japan
from 1994-1999. Domoic acid was detected in both shellfish at concentrations below the regulatory limit (20 μgg-1). Domoic acid-producing diatoms were also monitored and Pseudo-nitzschia multiseries was isolated. Hightoxin production was confirmed in these cultured isolates (maximum level > 10 pg cell-1). Seven other domoic
acid-producing Pseudo-nitzschia, including P. pseudodelicatissima, P. cuspidata and P. turgidula, also wereisolated, however the maximum toxicity was rather low (< 1 pg cell-1). The characteristics of toxin production
by P. multiseries were examined in a series of culture experiments showing that 1) toxin was produced in latestationary phase when some nutrient such as iron, silicate, or phosphate are depleted and 2) bacteria showed an
important role in toxin production. These results suggest that high toxin accumulation in shellfish requires a severe
bloom of P. multiseries, followed by a continued bloom with a minimal nutrient supply. Such conditions are rare in
Ofunato Bay and throughout Japan. This is likely why ASP has not occurred in Japan. However, because Ofunato
Bay experienced the large tsunami in 2011, the habitat of Pseudo-nitzschia and their association with bacterial
assemblages may have been altered. Results of domoic acid monitoring that was resumed after the disaster will bealso discussed to estimate the ASP potential in northern Japan.

November 3, 10:50 (W2-10948)

Pseudo-nitzschia and domoic acid on the US west coast: state of our knowledge andimplications for the future
Vera L. Trainer1, William P. Cochlan2 and Mark L. Wells3
1
2
3Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA USA. E-mail: vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov
San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA
University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA

Impacts from toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms along the US west coast have been persistent and profound overthe last decade, and our understanding of these events has increased. The largest recorded coast-wide bloomof P. australis in 2015 was extraordinary for both its intensity and persistence over spring, summer and fall,causing devastating consequences to fisheries and marine life. The toxin, domoic acid (DA), was measured inzooplankton, shellfish, crustaceans, echinoderms, worms, marine mammals and birds, as well as in sediments,
demonstrating the effectiveness of its transfer through both the environment and the marine food web. The degreeof DA production, and intracellular retention by Pseudo-nitzschia spp. has been attributed to physiological stressassociated with macronutrient physiology, trace metal acquisition, and changes in salinity, pH and temperature,demonstrating that the control of toxin production is complex. It is likely then that induction of DA production
along any particular coastline may be controlled by unique combinations of stress, rather than by any single factor.
The purpose of this workshop is to summarize recent advances in research of Pseudo-nitzschia species and the
production of DA on the US west coast, including phylogeny, physiology, ecology, monitoring and public andmarine ecosystem health impacts. The workshop goal is to use the extraordinary bloom event of 2015 to better
evaluate the driving mechanisms causing toxic Pseudo-nitzschia blooms, and the likelihood that these events will
become more frequent in the future warming ocean.

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November 3, 11:25 (W2-10950)

Pseudo-nitzschia occurrence in the central California Current
Meredith L. Elliott1, Gregg Langlois2, Jan Roletto3, Danielle Lipski4 and Jaime Jahncke1
12
34

Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive, #11, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: melliott@pointblue.org
California Department of Public Health, Richmond Laboratory Campus, 850 Marina Bay Parkway, G165, Richmond, CA, USA
Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, 991 Marine Drive, The Presidio, San Francisco, CA, USA
Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, 1 Bear Valley Road, Point Reyes Station, CA, USA

Data pertaining to the occurrence and relative abundance of Pseudo-nitzschia are available for the central
California Current region for years 2010-2015. As part of the ACCESS (Applied California Current Ecosystem
Studies; www.accessoceans.org) program and the California’s biotoxin monitoring program, phytoplankton
samples are collected 3-5 times a year at 20-30 visited stations in the upper 9m of the water column using ahand-held 25cm diameter net with a 20µm mesh. ACCESS conducts at-sea surveys in the Greater Farallones,
Cordell Bank, and northern portion of Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuaries, in collaboration with Point
Blue Conservation Science. Phytoplankton samples are analyzed by the California Department of Public Healthfor relative abundances of different species of phytoplankton, providing a qualitative measure of phytoplankton
species. Concurrent with phytoplankton collections were conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) casts, surface
nutrients samples, and water color. We also maintain data series on basin-scale, regional, and local climate andocean indices. ACCESS can provide: HAB species presence, maximum abundance, time of year, temperature range,salinity range, water clarity, nutrients, and upwelling indices. In addition, the presence of other phytoplankton
species (e.g. Alexandrium spp.) and the assemblages of diatoms and dinoflagellates in the non-HAB species
may also prove useful in understanding the optimal growth conditions for Pseudo-nitzschia. We believe our data
will be a valuable contribution to the workshop in helping to understand the conditions contributing to Pseudonitzschia events in the eastern Pacific. In addition, our results may further our knowledge of HABs near the highly
urbanized San Francisco Bay area.

November 3, 12:00 (W2-11035)

The effects of temperature and ocean acidification on the growth and toxicity of Pseudonitzschia australis from the California Current upwelling system
William P. Cochlan1, Charles J. Wingert1, Bridget L. Hansen1, Christopher E. Ikeda1 and Vera L. Trainer2
12Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA. E-mail: cochlan@sfsu.edu
Marine Biotoxins Program, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, Seattle, WA, USA

Two critically important alterations of the coastal waters of the California eastern boundary upwelling system(EBUS) - increased temperature and elevated CO2 levels, were examined in controlled laboratory studies of the
impactful toxigenic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis Frenguelli. Our results demonstrate the adaptive capabilityof this pennate diatom to grow and produce the potent neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), as a function of these abiotic
factors during their nutrient-replete, exponential growth phase and their nutrient-depleted, stationary growthphase. Non-axenic strains of P. australis, isolated from Monterey Bay, CA during the massive blooms of thisspecies in 2015, were exposed to a range of temperatures (5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17 and 19 °C) using a custom-build
incubator, and to four pH levels (8.1, 8.0. 7.9 and 7.8) regulated by direct injection of compressed CO2/air mixture
into culture flasks. Laboratory findings demonstrate that this diatom species reaches maximal growth rates at~17–18 °C with specific growth rates increasing by ~3-fold from 5 to 17 °C. Domoic acid production increased
as the partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) increased, and total DA was 2.7 fold greater at pH 7.8 compared to pH 8.1.
However, exponential growth rates were not affected until pH of 7.8 was reached when growth rates declinedby ~30%. These laboratory results reveal the capability of P. australis to rapidly increase its growth potential inwarm waters, and to become increasingly toxic in more acidic waters - environmental conditions expected in the
California EBUS due to CO2-induced ocean acidification and greenhouse warming.

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November 3, 14:00 (W2-11167)

Pseudo-nitschia harmful algal blooms (HAB) in the coast of China
Chunjiang Guan1, Lin Yang1, Douding Lu2 and Hao Guo1
12

National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: 1349117625@qq.com
Second Institute of Oceanography of the State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, PR China

According to incomplete statistics, 16 documented harmful algal blooms (HABs) of Pseudo-nitszchia (including
synergy with other kinds of HABs) have been recorded since the first event in 1987 in the China Seas. The
cumulative area in which these HABs have been observed is 1303.4 km2. However, these Pseudo-nitzschia blooms
have not caused marine life deaths or large economic losses. Approximately 9 HABs have occurred with Pseudonitzschia as the dominant species, with the total area of their occurrence at 276 km2. The occurrence times andcumulative area accounted for 56.3% and 21.2% of the statistics, respectively. The species of Pseudo-nitszchia
isolated from coast of China, including P. pungens, P. cuspidata, P. multistriata, P. brasiliana, P. galaxiae and P.
micropora, had no measureable domoic acid (DA) by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In
contrast, DA has been detected in regular monitoring: 23 of 176 samples collected in January 2008 from the coastof China had DA content greater than detection limit of 20 µg/kg.

November 3, 14:25 (W2-11386)

Temporal changes and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia species in Korean coastal waters
Weol-Ae Lim1, Tae-Gyu Park1, Jong-Gyu Park2, Ka-Jeong Lee1, Kwang-Soo Ha1 and Gregory J. Doucette3123National Institute of Fisheries Science, R Korea. E-mail: limwa@korea.kr
Kunsan University, R Korea
Marine Biotoxins Program, NOAA/NOS, USA

Several species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia in the coastal waters around the world produce the neurotoxin
domoic acid (DA) known to be responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). The DA in shellfish (mostly
oyster and mussel) in the southeast coastal waters of Korea has been investigated since 1993 and Pseudo-nitzschia
species have monitored to the genus level since 1987. No human poisoning outbreaks due to ASP have beenrecoreded and DA has not exceeded regulatory levels in Korea.

Fig. 1. Cell densities of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in southeast coastal waters, Korea since 1987

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Cell densities of Pseudo-nitzschia species fluctuated between 1987 and 2015. The cell densities exceeded 6000
cells mL-1 in 1987, 1992 and 2010. There are no apparent patterns associating Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms
and environmental factors, such as water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nutrients etc., although the increasein Pseudo-nitzschia cell densities in riverine areas during rainfall season and were more closely related withincreases in silicate rather than nitrate and phosphate. Particularly elevated abundances of Pseudo-nitzschia
spp. were observed in summer-autumn following periods of heavy rainfall. Species compositions of Pseudonitzschia spp. and DA concentrations in cultured strains from Korea were determined during 2008 and 2009. The
relationship among phytoplankton composition, physical and chemical water properties, and meteorological dataalso was analyzed.
The presence of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia was examined using light and scanning electron microscopy.
Fourteen species were observed, including P. americana, P. brasiliana, P. aciantha, P. calliantha, P. cuspidata,
P. delicatissima, P. raudulenta, P. micropora, P. multiseries, P. multistriata, P. pseudodelicatissima, P. pungens,
P. subfraudulenta, P. subpacifica (Fig. 1). Each Pseudo-nitzschia species appeared in different months andperiods during 2008 and 2009 (Table 1). Eight Pseudo-nitzschia species were cultured including P. americana, P.
brasiliana, P. caciantha, P. delicatissima, P. mannii, P. multiseries, P. multistriata and P. pungens. Of the cultured
eight species, the three species, P. calliantha, P. multiseries, and P. multistriata, produced DA. The concentrationsof DA analyzed from Pseudo-nitzschia spp. cultures and from filtered seawater samples by LC-MS/MS were0.5~206 μg L-1 in Feb 2008, July, August and September 2009.
Table 1. Monthly appearance of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. in southeast coastal waters, Korea in 2008 and 2009

Fig. 2. Pseudo-nitzschia species in southeast coastal waters, Korea in 2008 and 200996

PICES-2016

November 3, 14:50 (W2-10994)

Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and domoic acid in the waters of Haida Gwaii, British Columbia: A
summary of occurrences and details on anthropogenic and environmental considerations
Tamara Russell, Nicky Haigh and Devan Johnson
Harmful Algae Monitoring Program, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: tamara.russell@viu.ca

The government of Canada began monitoring domoic acid (DA)-a toxin produced by certain diatoms in the
Pseudo-nitzschia genus- in British Columbia (BC) after the 1987 amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) outbreak on
the east coast of Canada. There are two regions where DA events are known to occur in BC: Vancouver Island andHaida Gwaii, an archipelago off the north coast of BC. We used data from the Canadian Food Inspection Agency’s(CFIA) marine biotoxin monitoring program, scientific literature, oceanographic data, and satellite images toassess Pseudo-nitzschia spp. blooms and DA events in Haida Gwaii since monitoring began in 1988. Of particularinterest to the study was the relationship between the DA events and environmental phenomena like El Niño
or changes in marine conditions. Further, investigative attention was given to a possible link between an ocean
fertilization event off Haida Gwaii in July 2012 and DA concentrations in the following year. This review aims tocharacterize the distinct blooms of Pseudo-nitzschia spp. and DA levels in Haida Gwaii and to give an update on
ASP events in the region.

November 3, 15:15 (W2-11063)

Pseudo-nitzschia species and domoic acid in southeast Vancouver Island, November 2015
to July 2016
Devan Johnson, Nicola Haigh and Tamara Russell
Harmful Algae Monitoring Program, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, Canada. E-mail: DevLJohnson@live.com

In early November 2015, a concentration of 54 µg/g domoic acid (DA) was detected in blue mussels (Mytilus
edulis) from Patricia Bay on the east side of Saanich Inlet by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA).
Water samples taken from the west side of Saanich Inlet in the following week were found to contain Pseudonitzschia species, including P. australis, which was previously unrecorded in this area. Water samples wereanalyzed for DA; those from sites with more P. australis were found to have higher levels of DA. A bi-weekly
monitoring program was started in January 2016, to collect water samples and environmental data from six sites
along western Saanich Inlet and southeast Vancouver Island. Discrete and net samples were quantitatively andqualitatively analyzed by light microscopy for Pseudo-nitzschia species, with identification to species level where
possible. Samples were also collected for future DNA and DA testing. P. australis was identified at almost every
sampling site from early January, but did not bloom with the intensity of the November 2015 event. A mixtureof different Pseudo-nitzschia species were seen in most samples collected, with tentative identifications of P.
fraudulenta, P. pungens, and P. delicatissima; P. pungens and P. delicatissima were more common and usuallymore numerous than P. australis and P. fraudulenta. No DA was detected in southeast Vancouver Island samples
by the CFIA from December 2015 to June 2016.

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November 3, 15:40 (W2-11285) CANCELLED

Population structure of Pseudo-nitzschia australis in the outer coastal waters of Washington
State
Nicolaus G. Adams, Piper Schwenke and Vera L. Trainer
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: Nicolaus.Adams@noaa.gov

Since 1991, contamination of razor clams with the neurotoxin domoic acid (DA) has resulted in closures ofthis important recreational and commercial fishery on the outer coast. Shellfish harvesting closures due to DA
contamination have also occurred in the inland waters of Washington State. Domoic acid-producing diatoms ofthe genus Pseudo-nitzschia, including P. australis, have been observed in Washington State waters since at least
1990. Pseudo-nitzschia australis is frequently observed on the outer coast of Washington State as well as in Puget
Sound, and was thought to be the causative organism in the first documented domoic acid event on the outer coastof Washington in 1991. Pseudo-nitzschia australis was also responsible for the first closure of shellfish harvestingin the Washington State inland waters as well as being the organism responsible for shellfish harvest closures allalong the U.S. west coast in 2015. Microsatellite markers have been developed for use in identifying distinct P.
australis populations and were used to evaluate the population structure of isolates collected from the outer coastof Washington State in 2015. By identifying distinct P. australis populations, future work to determine populationspecific molecular markers as well as the relative toxicity of these populations can be performed. These tools may
be used by resource managers to identify and mitigate future DA events.

November 3, 15:40

Washington State Pacific coast Pseudo-nitzschia bloom of 2016
Anthony Odell
E-mail: odellamo@u.washington.edu

98PICES-2016

FIS Workshop (W4): Methods relating oceanographic conditions
to the distribution of highly migratory species
November 3, 9:00 (W4-11149)

Ecology and management of Atlantic bluefin tuna under climate variability and change
Barbara A. Muhling1,2, John T. Lamkin3, G. Walter Ingram Jr.4, John F. Walter3, Sang-Ki Lee5, Yanyun Liu5,6,
Ricardo Domingues5,6, Mitchell A. Roffer7, Frank E. Muller-Karger8, Joseph Quattro9 and David Lindo Atichati10
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Princeton University Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton, NJ, USA. E-mail: Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA
NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Miami, FL, USA
NOAA Southeast Fisheries Science Center, Pascagoula, MS, USA
NOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meterological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA
Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
Roffer’s Ocean Fishing Forecasting Service, Melbourne, FL, USA
College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St Petersburg, FL, USA
Marine Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Department of Engineering, Science and Physics, City University of New York, Staten island, NY, USA

Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) range throughout most of the North Atlantic Ocean, from near-equatorial
to sub-arctic habitats. Similarly to Pacific and Southern bluefin tuna, spawning activity is restricted to sub-tropical,
oligotrophic regions, and takes place within a relatively short time window. Unlike the two other bluefin tuna
species, Atlantic bluefin is separated into an eastern and a western stock, based on spawning site fidelity. Bothstocks have been subject to heavy historical exploitation, and are likely to be overfished, and currently undergoingoverfishing. However, uncertainty in recruitment dynamics and adult habitat use hampers this assessment,
particularly for the western stock. Oceanographic conditions are likely to be important drivers of spawning
activity, recruitment success and habitat use, with implications for stock assessment and sustainable management.
However, significant knowledge gaps remain in our understanding of these processes. In this presentation, we
review several years of ecological studies on larval and adult Atlantic bluefin tuna, including oceanographic
characteristics of spawning habitats, plasticity in spawning ground use and potential metabolic constraints on
distribution. We describe the use of survey and fishery-dependent data, as well as in situ and remotely-sensed
data products, to build multivariate predictive models linking habitat use to environmental conditions, across life
stages. These models are then used to assess some potential climate change impacts on Atlantic bluefin tuna, andhighlight future management challenges.

November 3, 9:40 (W4-10987)

Population dynamics of fish species in marine ecosystem: A case study in the Bohai Sea,
China
Xiujuan Shan1,2, Xianshi Jin1,2, Fangqun Dai1, Yunlong Chen1,3, Tao Yang1,4 and Jianping Yao1,4
1
2
3
4

Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: jin@ysfri.ac.cn
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China

There were rapid shifts of dominant species in the Bohai Sea during the 1950s through the 1990s, with large-sized,
high-valued species (e.g., small yellow croaker Larimichthys polyactis and large-head hairtail Trichiurus lepturus)
being replaced by small-sized, low-valued species (e.g., Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus and half-fin
anchovy Setipinna taty). From the 1990s to the present, small yellow croaker and some small-sized species (halffin anchovy and Konosirus punctatus) have become the dominant species. The food web was simple, with speciesof relatively low trophic levels controlling the energy flow in the fishery ecosystem. Accordingly, the abundanceof dominant species changed with the shift in community structure. The diversity of fish species decreased alongwith the changes in community structure, as well as the species number density, and the interannual and seasonalvariations was found in species number density. The fish abundance showed a decreasing trend, and interannual
and seasonal distribution also had greatly changed. The variations in the size of ecological niches of the dominant
species regulated the succession of fish community, and the alteration of ecological niches caused the changes offishery community.
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November 3, 10:10 (W4-11143)

The impact of climate change on Pacific Bluefin (Thunnus orientalis) tuna distribution in
the Eastern Pacific Ocean
Rosa Runcie1, Gerard DiNardo2, Toby Garfield2, Elliott Hazen3, Steven Bograd3, Kylie Scales3 and Jordan
DiNardo4
1

2

3

4

Ocean Associates, Inc. under contract to the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: Rosa.Runcie@noaa.gov
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, La Jolla,
CA, USASouthwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Monterey,
CA, USA
Volunteer at the Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, La Jolla, CA, USA

We investigate the impact of environmental variability and climate change on Pacific Bluefin tuna (PBF, Thunnus
orientalis) distribution in the Eastern Pacific Ocean (EPO) using remotely-sensed environmental data and fisherycatch and effort data in a habitat-modeling framework. Species distribution models are applied to determine
species’ potential habitats, to identify special areas of interest for biodiversity, and to inform fisheries management.
We examine the effects of local oceanic conditions (e.g., sea surface temperature, surface chlorophyll, fronts),
as well as large-scale oceanographic phenomena such as El Niño, on PBF distribution and relative abundance.
Monitoring and understanding changes in the distribution and behavior of PBF, which are high level predators
and are important in commercial and recreational fisheries, is necessary to provide a framework for climate
vulnerability assessments and to implement an ecosystem approach to fishery management.

November 3, 11:00 (W4-11171)

Crossing the line: Albacore actively exploit submesoscale fronts to enhance foraging
success
Stephanie Snyder1, Suzanne Kohin2, Yi Xu2, Lynne D. Talley1 and Peter J.S. Franks1
1
2

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: smsnyder@ucsd.edu

The boundaries between water masses, known as “fronts”, are oceanic oases – known to harbor increased
abundances of bacteria, plankton, forage fish, and pelagic predators. Fronts are productive fishing grounds, andprovide critical habitat for species of commercial importance and conservation concern. However, the transient
nature of fronts and the expense of offshore research expeditions have hindered the study of predators as they
exploit fronts. Here, using biologging technology and high resolution satellite imagery, we document the behavior
and physiological state of four wild, free-swimming juvenile albacore (Thunnus alalunga) as they simultaneously
exploited a thermal front for two weeks in the waters off Baja California, Mexico. Of the 3,098 observed trips
across the front, the albacore mainly swam between the warm side above the thermocline and the cold side below
the thermocline with an average of 78 ± 20.4 daily trips across the front per fish. The warm surface waters provided
a thermal resource, allowing the tuna to maintain higher body temperatures and thus forage more efficiently in the
food-rich waters of the cold side of the front. Foraging success of the tunas decreased as the cross-front thermal
gradient weakened. This first look into small-scale use of fronts demonstrates that ephemeral, submesoscaleoceanic processes can play a significant role in shaping habitat of pelagic predators.

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BIO Workshop (W6): Consumption of North Pacific forage
species by marine birds and mammals
November 3, 09:10 (W6-11066)

Consumption of forage fishes by marine birds in the Gulf of the Farallones, California
Pete Warzybok1, Jaime Jahncke1, Russell Bradley1, Meredith Elliott1, Jared Santora2, Brian Wells3, John Field3,
Ryan Carle4 and David Ainley2
12
3
4

Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive, #11, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: pwarzybok@pointblue.org
H.T. Harvey & Associates Ecological Consultants, 983 University Avenue, Bldg D., Los Gatos, CA, USA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Ecology Division, 110 Shaffer Rd., Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Oikonos Ecosystem Knowledge, P.O. Box 2570, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

To effectively manage fishery resources we must quantify the energetic and consumption demands of consumers,such as marine birds, and how those requirements change in response to environmental variability and population
dynamics. Point Blue Conservation Science has been compiling data on the abundance, reproductive success anddiet of marine birds at the Farallon Islands in central California since 1968 in collaboration with the USFWS.
We used long-term data to examine prey requirements of common murres (Uria aalge), Brandt’s cormorants(Phalacrocorax penicillatus), rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) and western gulls (Larus occidentalis)in the Gulf of the Farallones, California from 1986 to 2015. We estimated annual forage fish consumption by
developing a bioenergetics model that incorporate species specific values for population size, daily basic energy
needs (FMR), assimilation efficiency, the proportion of prey in the diet, the energy content of prey items (kJ/g) andthe average size of the prey consumed. The most common forage species consumed were rockfish, anchovy, smelt,
squid, salmon and flatfishes. Total biomass of forage fish and squid consumed exhibited considerable interannual
variation ranging from 8 thousand metric tons in 1986 to more than 75 thousand metric tons in 2013. Population
size had the greatest influence on overall forage fish consumption; reproductive success, dominant forage species
eaten, and environmental variability were also important. Prey consumption was reduced in 1998, 2003, 2005
and 2006 and was contrary to population trends. Reduced prey consumption in these years was likely a result of
unfavorable environmental conditions and diminished prey resources.

November 3, 09:30 (W6-11091)

Consumption of salmon fingerlings by Rhinoceros Auklets breeding in Hokkaido, Japan
Junpei Ookado1, Yutaka Watanuki1, Motohiro Ito2, Makoto Hasebe3 and Hideaki Kudo1
1
2
3

Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Japan. E-mail: ywata@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Atomoshere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan
Hokkaido Seabird Conservation and Research Group, Japan

Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta is one of the important target species of coastal fisheries in Hokkaido Japan.
The survival of chum fingerlings (0+ year-old) is poorly known during their migration to the first year nursery
ground, Okhotsk Sea,. We estimated the numbers of fingerlings consumed by a piscivorous seabird, Rhinoceros
Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata), breeding at Daikoku Island (60,000 pairs), Hokkaido. The parents of thispopulation forage in the shelf area of eastern Hokkaido where salmon fingerlings migrate to the north during thesummer. Food-loads for chicks and stomach contents of adult auklets were sampled. Using a simple bioenergetic
model, we estimated that this population of auklets consumed 689t of chum salmon fingerlings in 2014 and 41t
in 2015 during 50 days of chick rearing. Based on the otolith marker, these fingerlings were determined to comefrom hatcheries in the Pacific coast of northern Japan. Thus the auklets at Daikoku Island consumed 0.5 – 7.9%of chum salmon fingerlings released from hatcheries in this region. Assuming that the adults fed on the same
prey species as they brought to their chicks, we estimated the prey consumption by the auklets breeding at othercolonies, i.e. Teuri Island (400,000 pairs), Matsumaekojima (80,000 pairs) and Todojima (35,000 pairs) locatedin the central, south and north of the Sea of Japan off Hokkaido, and report the regional and interannual variationof their consumption.

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November 3, 09:50 (W6-11270)

The records of Chum salmon fingerling predation by avian predators at the coastal areaof Otsuchi, Japan
Motohiro Ito and Takaaki Abe
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo. E-mail: ito.motohiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Predation has been suggested to be a major source of natural mortality for Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta
fingerlings (0+ year-old) during their early marine life. However, the predation risk faced by the fingerling justafter they are released from the hatchery into the river and enter the ocean is poorly known. In this study (March to
May 2016), coastal and river surveys were conducted to determine the avian predators consuming Chum salmon
fingerling around Otsuchi Bay and River, Iwate. The fixed point observations at the river near the hatchery werealso conducted to determine how many fingerlings were taken by avian predators. We confirmed that 15 avian
species foraged on the fingerlings around the survey area. Black-tailed gulls Larus crassirostris were one of the
major avian predators in the bay and river. In the river, about 50 Black-tailed gulls and a few other gull species
made foraging flocks and foraged on the fingerlings continuously, 1 day after fingerling were released in late
April. Also, 1-2 Great cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo, Great egrets Ardea alba and Grey herons A. cinerea
occasionally joined those flocks. These flocks lasted 3 days on average, per release of Chum fingerlings. The
estimated maximum predation rate was < 1% (6700 fishes / 1 million released fingerlings). We concluded that
Chum salmon fingerling might be the important prey option for avian predators during early spring, but that the
predation rate might not be very high in the Otsuchi area, at least during late April.

November 3, 10:10 (W6-10905)

Spatio-temporal variations in the stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions ofDelphinidae species in the western North PacificYu Kanaji, Hideyoshi Yoshida and Makoto Okazaki
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: kanaji @affrc.go.jp

Cetaceans have species-specific habitats that are characterized by ambient biotic- and abiotic factors. In thesubtropical and its adjacent waters, several species of small odontocetes share the habitat spatially. Even if theirhabitats overlapped considerably, resource partitioning is expected to occur to a certain degree to reduce interspecific competition. Resource partitioning of animals has been recognized on three dimensions: space, time,and diet. The study aims to characterize habitat and resource partitioning among four Delphinidae species in thewestern North Pacific. The stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen isotope ratio (δ15N) of skin biopsy samples wereanalyzed for four species of Delphinidae. The δ13C and δ15N were highest in common bottlenose dolphins,followed by pantropical spotted, striped, and common dolphins. Common bottlenose dolphins have larger bodysizes, and thus can feed on large-sized species at higher trophic positions. Eating a wide variety of prey including
benthic fish and squids could be also attributed to higher isotope values in common bottlenose dolphins. The
δ13C and δ15N tended to be higher in lower longitudes for all four species, while δ15N tended to be lower inlower latitudes for common bottlenose and pantropical spotted dolphins, but lower in higher latitudes for stripedand common dolphins. These variations are considered to relate to north-south and coastal-offshore variations in
nitrogen and carbon sources, as well as nitrogen fixation in Kuroshio water. Seasonal variations in the δ13C andδ15N might be affected by seasonal north-south migration patterns of respective species.

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November 3, 11:00 (W6-11301)

Predator consumption of forage species in the California Current
Julie A. Thayer, Amber I. Szoboszlai and William J. Sydeman
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: jthayer@faralloninstitute.org

Understanding how much forage pelagic marine predators consume is challenging because of the need tosynthesize disparate data for a large number of species. The California Current Predator Diet Database (CCPDD)
consolidates published data on forage species in the diet of upper trophic-level predators along the west coastof North America over the past century. We used a relational database to compile predator and prey metadata,
including spatio-temporal detail, as well as amounts of forage species consumed by pelagic seabirds, marine
mammals, bony and cartilaginous fishes, and giant squid. The CCPDD contains data for over 120 predators from
more than 190 published reports, technical articles and theses. Predator consumption was ranked for 32 forage
categories, with juvenile rockfish, anchovy, krill, herring, and market squid ranking highest in terms of the numberof predator species eating them (>50 predator species). Only 15 of 120 predators had high-resolution datasets(>20 years, > half of the regions in a species’ range, >3 citations, >1000 samples). The majority of diet data wascollected during summer, restricting inference about predator consumption of forage species in other seasons.
Another limitation was standardization of various units in which data were published. We will present an example
of weighted calculations of predator diet that addresses different predator life-history stages, geographic regions,seasons, and other factors. We will also review bioenergetic models of anchovy and sardine consumed during
summer in the California Current (~800,000mt and ~300,000mt, respectively) and caveats of these models.

November 3, 11:30 (W6-11037)

Spatial estimation of prey consumption by common minke, Bryde’s and sei whales in thewestern North Pacific: A preliminary attempt
Hiroko Sasaki1, Tsutomu Tamura2, Takashi Hakamada2, Koji Matsuoka2, Hiroto Murase1 and Toshihide Kitakado3
12
3

National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: hirosasaki@affrc.go.jp
Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, JapanA preliminary study of the spatial pattern of prey consumption by common minke, Bryde’s and sei whales was
carried out in the western North Pacific area. Two models were constructed for each species of whale. The firstwas a generalized additive model (GAM) that estimated the spatial pattern of relative abundance of whales inrelation to oceanographic conditions (species distribution model). The second model estimated the amount of
prey consumed by individuals in relation to oceanographic conditions (diet pattern model). The product of these
two models yielded the spatial pattern of prey consumption. Data included sightings data and prey information
obtained during the summers of 2002–2013. Depth and satellite derived sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface
chlorophyll-a concentration and sea surface height anomaly were used as environmental factors. The models
show that prey consumption by sei whales was greater in the northern region later in the summer. Estimatedamounts of prey consumed (using the spatial model) were comparable to estimates based on point estimates
without information about spatial distribution. SST was selected as the driving environmental factor in the firstand second models. However, the effect of SST was stronger in the species distribution model than in the dietpattern model. Thus spatial distributions of sei whales were largely determined by SST at the meso scale (> 100km), but feeding appears to be related to optimal oceanographic conditions at the micro scale (> 10 km).

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November 3, 11:50 (W6-11252)

Simple models to predict daily energy requirements may not yield accurate estimates ofprey consumption by marine mammals in the North PacificAndrew W. Trites
Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
E-mail: a.trites@oceans.ubc.ca

Determining how much marine mammals consume requires knowing what they eat (from the percentage ofingested biomass of prey species in diets), the energetic values of the ingested prey (from calorimetry or proximate
composition analyses), and how much they must eat each day to meet their daily requirements (using bioenergetic
models). It also requires knowing how many marine mammals there are (to determine total consumption),
and where they feed (to determine the spatial distribution of prey biomass extracted by marine mammals). In
general, considerable attention has been paid to obtaining accurate estimates of diet and population abundance,and little thought has been given to whether estimates of daily food requirements from mass-based models arereliable. Yet estimates of prey consumption may be most sensitive to errors in predicted energy requirements.
In general, smaller species have higher mass-specific energy requirements than bigger species (e.g., 4-5% fordolphins and 2-3% for large whales). However, comparing food requirements derived from detailed speciesspecific bioenergetic models with simple mass-scaled estimates shows that energy needs do not necessarily scalewith mass. This apparent disconnect between body size and energy requirements in some species reflects thefact that some marine mammals have higher metabolisms and higher functioning musculature that require more
prey to fuel their needs. This suggests that the simple models used to determine daily rations are ineffective toestimate the food requirements of marine mammals, and that new means are required to yield better estimates ofprey consumption.

November 3, 12:10 (W6-11299)

Prey consumption by marine birds in the eastern Bering Sea: Variability over time
Hunt, Jr.1, Martin Renner2, Jarrod Santora3, Kathy Kuletz4 and John Piatt5
1
2
3
4
5

University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA. E-mail: geohunt2@uw.edu
Tern Again Consulting, Homer, AK, USA
University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA
U.S. Geological Survey, Anchorage, AK, USA

PICES Scientific Report 14 provided the best available estimate of prey consumption by marine birds andmammals in the subarctic North Pacific Ocean as of 2000. Since then, a great deal of new information on the
distribution and abundance of marine birds has been obtained in the eastern Bering Sea, much of it in a period ofhighly variable climate. Here we examine variability in prey consumption over time scales of decades to years
to assess how consumption has changed since the 1970s, and how it varies between years with early and late seaice retreat. Since the 1970s, the numbers of many seabird species (particularly the more abundant species) havedeclined, some possibly by as much as 30%. Other less abundant species have increased, but overall, there is now
less marine bird demand for prey than there was in the 1970s and 1980s. On a shorter time-scale, there have beensignificant shifts in abundance and cross-shelf distribution of seabirds between years with early sea-ice retreat andthose with late sea-ice retreat, which affected the amount and distribution of prey removal by marine birds. Our
results suggest that, with climate warming (and reduced extent and duration of sea ice), the eastern Bering Sea
will support a different mix of marine bird species, though it is unclear whether there will be a significant change
in the amount or types of prey removed.

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MONITOR Workshop (W7): Delivering quality multi-parameterdata from the coastal ocean
November 3, 09:00 (W7-11003)

Delivering quality multi-parameter data from on-line monitoring network in estuaries
and bays: A case study in Bohai Sea
Zhifeng Zhang, Zhongsheng Lin, Qian Zhao, Lijun Wang, Zhanming Hu, Zhe Zhang and Dongmei Zhao
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: fzhang@nmemc.org.cn

Land-ocean interactions in estuaries and bays are intensified in Bohai Sea, which as a whole is an enclosed sea ofNorth China. It is of vital importance to obtain high quality on-line monitoring data for the study of physical andbiogeochemical processes of nutrients in the Bohai Sea, which were transported from watersheds to the estuary
and adjacent coastal waters, and cause serious eutrophication problems in this shallow-water area. In this study,
a 3-D hydrodynamic model is established to optimize monitoring sites in Bohai Strait, Liaodong Bay and Liaohe
Estuary, to improve the spatial representation of the monitoring network. On-line multi-parameter monitoring
platforms were setup in the starting point of the tidal section of Liaohe River, to obtain continuous data for theconcentration and flux of nutrients from the watershed to the estuary, and different types of nutrient sensors wereverified by comparison tests, based on data obtained from high frequency sampling and analysis in laboratories.
A Unified QA/QC protocol was established thereafter, for the setting up of monitoring sites and the operation of
an on-line monitoring platform for physical and biochemical parameters in estuaries and bays in the Bohai Sea.

November 3, 09:45 (W7-11131)

Joint Environmental Data Integration System: JEDI System in 2016
Hidekatsu Yamazaki1, Scott Gallager2, Mamoru Tanaka1, Marika Takeuchi1, Hayato Kondo1 and Kunihisa
Yamaguchi3
1
2
3

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: hide@kaiyodai.ac.jp
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA
Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Oshima Fishery Laboratory, Oshima, JapanThe JEDI System is a JST-funded CREST project entitled “Novel technologies to evaluate multi-scale variationsof pelagic marine communities and biodiversity under the influence of the Kuroshio and internal waves in coastal
habitats”. This project has two main goals: 1) To develop and apply advanced field methods to monitor dynamicchanges, diversity and processes in planktonic communities under the influence of strong physical forcing(Kuroshio and internal waves) and 2) To develop a new ecosystem model for open waters using a closure approachand to validate it using field observation. The JEDI System consists of five subprograms: S1) Multi-biodiversity
statistical model, S2) New NPZ closure model, S3) Regional/local hydrodynamic model, S4) Biodiversity andenvironmental monitoring system and S5) Prediction of biodiversity from S3. We have developed a uniquemonitoring system that combines a cabled observatory (CO) and a new AUV. The monitoring system (Oshima
Coastal Environment data Acquisition Network System, OCEANS) was deployed at the southern tip of OshimaIsland where the Kuroshio flows near the coast. Both the CO and the AUV carry a new plankton imaging system(Continuous Plankton Imaging and Classification System, CPICS), and measure various physical/biologicalparameters simultaneously. The AUV also carries a microstructure package (TurboMAP) in addition to CPICS.
We will present the technical detail of OCEANS as well as the AUV and the type of data we are collecting fromthe field.

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November 3, 10:05 (W7-11435)

Identification of potential eutrophic zones in the Northwest Pacific region
Genki Terauchi1, Zhiming Yu2, Zaixing Wu2, Changkyu Lee3 and Vladimir Shulkin4
1

2
3
4

Northwest Pacific Action Plan, Special Monitoring & Coastal Environmental Assessment Regional Activity Centre
E-mail: terauchi@npec.or.jp
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Fisheries Research & Development InstitutePacific Geographical Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia

The Northwest Pacific region, which includes parts of northeast China, Japan, Korea and southeast Russia, is
one of the most densely populated areas of the world. Eutrophication is an emerging environmental problem
in this region, where a significant number of red tides and hypoxic conditions have been reported in coastal
waters - possibly due to anthropogenic influences such as extensive chemical fertilizer use and sewage effluent.
Although no international legislation has been passed in this region to address the problem, the Action Plan for
the Protection, Management and Development of the Marine and Coastal Environment of the Northwest PacificRegion (NOWPAP) of the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) has been implemented by China,
Japan, Korea and Russia since 1994.
Within the framework of NOWPAP, the Special Monitoring and Coastal Environment Assessment Regional
Activity Centre (CEARAC) has developed “Procedures for assessment of eutrophication status including theevaluation of land-based sources of nutrients for the NOWPAP region” (NOWPAP Common Procedures). The
NOWPAP Common Procedures include the screening procedure to detect symptoms eutrophication within theselected parameters; trend in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) or Total Organic Carbon(TOC), frequencies of
red tide and hypoxia events and level and trend in satellite derived chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a).
Trial application of the NOWPAP Common Procedures were carried out by a group of national experts nominatedfrom NOWPAP member countries to identify potential eutrophic zones in the Northwest Pacific region. Obtained
results are being mapped on a web GIS system and will be made available for the public.

November 3, 10:50 (W7-11324)

Monitoring of coastal ocean in the Western Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Naoki Yoshie, Miwa Nakagawa, Hidejiro Ohnishi, Akihiko Morimoto, Xinyu Guo and Hidetaka Takeoka
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan. E-mail: yoshie.naoki.mm@ehime-u.ac.jp

We have been observing the coastal marine environment and ecosystem in the Western Seto Inland Sea, Japan since
the early 2000s using fixed-point platforms and ship-based sampling programs. At first, we introduce the studies
by the fixed-point platforms on the aquaculture facility. We have investigated the effects of oceanic water intrusion
into coastal regions on the coastal marine ecosystem by several thermistor-chain platforms which observe highfrequency, multi-depth water temperatures at a substantially low cost. We have also investigated the long-term
variation of nutrient concentrations by daily nutrient monitoring from 2004 at cape Sada-Misaki which is locatedat the tip of the Sada-Misaki peninsula (the longest thin peninsula in Japan). These monitoring results indicatedthat the coastal marine ecosystem in the Western Seto Inland Sea was mainly supported by nutrient supply fromthe periodic intrusions of Kuroshio subsurface water. We also introduce recent ship-based observations for highresolution horizontal distributions of biogeochemical parameter (nitrate and chlorophyll, ca. 600m) with UV
nitrate- and chlorophyll sensors.

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November 3, 11:10 (W7-11241)

Analysis on the patterns and formation dynamics of the summertime coastal circulation
system in the western Bohai Sea
Chuanxi Xing1, Zhanming Hu1, Qian Zhao1 and Wanlei Zhang212National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, State Oceanic Administration, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: cxxing@nmemc.org.cn
Qinhuangdao Marine Environmental Monitoring Central Station, State Oceanic Administration, Qinhuangdao, PR China

Coastal circulation system influences the seasonal development of the local marine ecosystem through distributing
nutrients. For the purpose of early warning and treatment of marine ecosystem hazards, it is necessary to observeand study the coastal circulation system and its formation dynamics. In this study, we analyzed the current dataobtained with four sets of ADCP-equipped (Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers) seabed-based observation
systems in September 2013 and the data suggested that there seemed to be a clockwise eddy-shaped circulation
system during the observation period in the Qinhuangdao coastal area, where severe ‘brown tides’ frequently
happen during summer. The coastal circulation system and its formation dynamics were then examined with the
3-D ocean circulation model ROMS. The simulation results suggested that coastal currents formed a clockwise
eddy-shaped circulation system with the diameter of 65km and the tides and summer monsoon induced thecirculation system. Both the tidal residual currents and wind currents induced by summer monsoon transported
water northward, thus resulting in a higher water level in the north than that in the south which then generated asouthward pressure compensation current. Consequently, the northward coastal residual current and the offshore
compensation current form the eddy-shaped circulation. The summer monsoon is an important driving force togenerate the observed coastal circulation system.

November 3, 14:00 (W7-11139)

What do we do with observatory data? A user’s perspective
Rich Pawlowicz
Dept. of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. E-mail: rich@eos.ubc.ca

The impetus to build and fund observatories over the last 15 years has led to the availability of floods of “data”,
available online. The original vision of these observatories was that they would provide useful measurements of awide variety of ocean parameters at the click of a button to anyone who cared. In practice, however, using this data
correctly almost always seems to require a significant investment in time and effort, as well as highly specialized
expertise, in close collaboration with observatory staff. A corollary is that usage by nonspecialists who areunaware of these problems and just download numbers may result in highly misleading and incorrect conclusions.
Data problems are many and varied. Site-specific issues may make interpretation of some aspects of the data
problematic at some times. Semi-experimental instrument software acquired from vendors may have subtle bugs.
This may also be true for the software, written by observatory staff, that is used to convert raw voltages intomeasures of physical parameters. These measures of physical parameters, even if they pass the quality-control
checks of engineers and observatory data specialists, often have calibration problems, which can range from thesubtle (values biased by a few percent) to the gross (current directions off by more than 90 degrees). Finally, data
searches to produce a long-term time series from multiple platform deployments can be extremely complex. In
this talk I give examples of these issues and discuss a framework for how the situation might be improved.

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November 3, 14:45 (W7-11248)

Data quality assurance/ quality control approaches for coastal ocean multi-parameterdata from a cabled observatory in the NE subarctic PacificMarlene Jeffries, Michael G. Morley, Reyna Jenkyns, Akash Sastri and Kim Juniper
Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: jeffries@uvic.ca

Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) operates an ecosystem-scale cabled observatory (fixed and mobile assets) extending
from coastal and offshore waters of British Columbia to the Juan de Fuca mid-ocean ridge. Each instrumented
ONC site delivers real-time, multi-parameter data comprising core measurements (temperature, salinity, dissolved
oxygen) as well as data from a variety site-specific instruments (e.g. cameras, ADCP’s, seismometers, bottompressure recorders, and hydrophones). The complex nature of these time-series has necessitated the continued
development of metadata and data practices for complex and simple scalar data types. Best practices consider
instrument preparations, data archival, data quality, and data distribution. Here we present our: 1) current data
quality/data assurance procedures for our recently expanded coastal installations; 2) our instrument testing andcalibration protocols; and 3) our current approaches (benchmarking and statistical techniques) to identify andaccount for data quality issues such as instrument fouling. QA/QC tools increase the value of the data archive andprovide information on instrument health to the observatory maintenance program. To maximize interoperability,
ONC’s metadata data distribution framework adheres to international standards and contributes to specialized
repositories.

November 3, 15:05 (W7-11319)

Tracking ocean acidification in coastal settings using land-based Burke-O-Lator pCO2/
TCO2 Analyzers
Wiley Evans1, Burke Hales2, Jan Newton3, Simone Alin4, Meghan Shea4,5 and Richard Feely4
1
2
3
4
5

Hakai Institute, BC, Canada. E-mail: wiley.evans@hakai.org
Oregon State University, OR, USA
Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, WA, USA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, WA, USA
Stanford University, CA, USA

In response to the increasing threat of ocean acidification, we have outfitted several land-based facilities, includingshellfish hatcheries, along the North American west coast with cutting-edge measurement technology to track, inreal-time, seawater calcium carbonate corrosivity and pH. The U.S. effort is supported by the Integrated Ocean
Observing System (IOOS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Ocean Acidification Program,and the more recent Canadian effort is supported by the Hakai Institute. Data from the now seven instrumented
sites are provided to the public via the IOOS Pacific Region Ocean Acidification Data Portal (IPACOA; ipacoa.
org). The analytical system, developed at Oregon State University, is a combination CO2 partial pressure (pCO2)
and total dissolved CO2 (TCO2) analyzer known as a “Burke-O-Lator”, and tracks these parameters in unalteredseawater entering the facilities. Here we detail the functionality of this analyzer and describe example datasets thatspan the northern extent of the IPACOA domain including the states of Alaska and Washington and the provinceof British Columbia. Implementing this technology in hatchery facilities has proven key for adapting management
strategies to increasing corrosive conditions.

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November 3, 16:40 (W7-11032)

Optical discrimination of Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms from non-harmful blooms
in Korean coastal waters
Yeseul Kim1,2, Sinjae Yoo1,2 and Young Baek Son1
1

2

Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research & Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Jeju,
R Korea. E-mail: yees0408@kiost.ac.kr
Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University/KIOST Joint Program, Busan, R Korea

Harmful Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms have occurred and caused large damage to the fishery industry incoastal waters of the Korean peninsula since late 1980s. In order to effectively detect and monitor the spatial andtemporal distributions of widespread C. polykrikoides blooms, in-situ radiometric measurements and/or satellite
remote sensing can be used. In this study, we estimated the apparent optical properties (AOPs) from the inherent
optical properties (IOPs) of C. polykrikoides blooms using forward calculation and exploited distinctive opticalcharacteristics to discriminate C. polykrikoides blooms from non-harmful blooms in the visible wavelength. We
developed the optical discrimination method where Rrs band ratios (R1: Rrs(555)/Rrs(531), R2: Rrs(488)/Rrs(443))
were simulated using the Hydrolight software. Even under optically complex water conditions, C. polykrikoides
blooms show clear differences in simulated Rrs spectra due to an increased effect of C. polykrikoides absorption
properties in the bloom waters where chlorophyll-a concentrations were high (≥ 15 μg l-1). In-situ Rrs(λ) was
comparable within the results of simulation. Consequently, the optical discrimination of C. polykrikoides blooms
under non-bloom conditions is plausible in Rrs band ratios space, using both simulated and measured in-situ data.

November 3, 17:00 (W7-11247)

Real-time sea-surface measurements of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in theStrait of Georgia, Canada: Developing techniques to account for sensor fouling
Akash Sastri1, Rowan Fox1, Jeremy Krogh2 and Maycira Costa2
1
2

Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: asastri@uvic.ca
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

The VENUS coastal cabled observatory (operated by Ocean Networks Canada), maintains a suite of oceanographic
and meteorological instruments aboard three BC Ferries vessels which transit the Strait of Georgia (SoG) 8-10
times a day between Vancouver Island and Vancouver, BC (~50km). Underway sea surface measurements (every
10 seconds) include temperature, salinity, oxygen, Chlorophyll a, coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM)
and turbidity. Standard meteorological measurements are complemented by above water hyperspectral radiance/
irradiance measurements. Here we focus on best practices for measuring CDOM in this very productive bodyof water. CDOM fluorescence is particularly sensitive to bio-fouling and we discuss three different approaches
to account for signal attenuation over time: 1) the use of standard benchmarks; 2) direct comparisons to in situ
absorbance-based measurements of CDOM; and 3) a simple regression approach between CDOM and salinity
given that Fraser River freshwater discharge is the dominant source of CDOM to the system. Accurate CDOM
measurements are also important for interpreting ocean reflectance especially in the short visible wavelengths asdetected with the autonomous above-water hyperspectral sensors on the ferries and the Sentinel 3 satellite.

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POC Workshop (W9): The role of the northern Bering Sea inmodulating Arctic environments: towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
November 3, 09:10 (W9-11274)

Currents and water mass structure in and near the Gulf of Anadyr
Seth L. Danielson1, Gennady V. Khen2 and Phyllis J. Stabeno3
12
3

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA. E-mail: sldanielson@alaska.edu
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Centre – TINRO, Vladivostok, Russia
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory – PMEL/NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA

Relatively salty and nutrient-rich waters from the Bering Sea’s Aleutian Basin cross the Gulf of Anadyr en routeto the Bering Strait, helping support chlorophyll blooms and benthic hotspots on both the northern Bering andthe Chukchi continental shelves. These same waters also eventually feed the Canada Basin’s cold halocline andrepresent a nutrient and carbon source to the western Arctic Ocean. We provide a water mass analysis using CTD
data taken along the Bering slope, across the Gulf of Anadyr, and near St. Lawrence Island in order to better
understand the pathways and modifications of Bering slope water as it transits the shelf toward the Arctic. Notablefeatures that guide our understanding of the thermohaline structure and associated circulation include regionallypersistent thermal inversions, water column homogenizations, and lateral property gradients.

November 3, 09:40 (W9-11144)

Impact of oceanographic fluctuations on the northwestern Bering Sea ecosystem
Alexander Zavolokin1, Gennady Khen2, Svetlana Naydenko2 and Alexey Somov2
1
2

North Pacific Fisheries Commission, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: azavolokin@npfc.int
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia

During the last decades there has been increasing evidence of strong impacts of oceanographic fluctuations on
Bering Sea ecosystems. We examined how changes in water circulation and sea surface temperature affected
nekton and zooplankton communities as well as their trophic interactions in the northwestern Bering Sea. The
work is based on the data collected during TINRO-Center’s pelagic surveys in the western Aleutian Basin andadjacent waters in 2002-2013. From 2007 to 2011, a significant change in water circulation occurred in the Bering
Sea. The longitudinal current from Near Strait to Commander Basin intensified while the latitudinal current from
Aleutian Basin to north and west became markedly weaker,and probably resulted in lower water inflow in northregions. This apparently caused changes in nekton structure and decreases in biomass (by 46%) due to reductions
in fish migration from southern to northwestern Bering Sea. After 2011, when water circulation returned to a“normal” regime, nekton biomass went back to a former level. Fluctuations in oceanographic conditions also
greatly influenced zooplankton communities. Although total plankton biomass varied relatively little from year
to year, its composition changed significantly, resulting in increases of cold-water species (Themisto libellula andothers). Variations in nekton and zooplankton affected trophic structure of pelagic communities. Our results showthat oceanographic fluctuations have a strong impact on northwestern Bering Sea ecosystems and potentially canaffect productivity of commercial fish species.

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November 3, 10:10 (W9-11182)

Climate related changes in abundance and range shifts of pelagic fishes and jellyfish in
the eastern Bering Sea during late summer, 2002-2015
Ellen M. Yasumiishi, Ed V. Farley, Jr. and Kristin Cieciel
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov

Climate change is expected to alter the abundance and distribution of marine species in the Arctic. We use
new standardized geostatistical delta-generalized linear mixed models from Thorson (2015) to estimate annual
abundance and center of gravity of pelagic fish and jellyfish in the eastern Bering Sea during late summer for a 14
year period (2002-2015). Next, we examine whether changes in abundance and distribution are correlated withvariability in sea ice and temperatures in the eastern Bering Sea. Sea ice is important in determining ecosystem
structure in the eastern Bering Sea, therefore understanding how species relate to past environmental conditions
during periods of variable sea ice and temperature will help us understand how marine species will respond to
future climate change.

November 3, 10:30 (W9-10890)

Environmentally driven variability of zooplankton composition in the northwestern
Bering Sea and its influence on the pollock fishery
Yury I. Zuenko and Eugene O. Basyuk
Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: zuenko_yury@hotmail.com

Summer oceanographic conditions on the fishing grounds at Cape Navarin are determined by the Laurence
Cold Pool (LCP) in the subsurface layer formed in winter on the shelf. The density gradient at its edge supports
geostrophic streams known as the Bering Slope Current and Navarin Current. In recent decades, there were several
shifts between periods with large and small LCP and correspondent changes in the patterns of currents. Sometimes
warm years occurred within the cold periods (large LCP), and cold years within the warm periods (small LCP).
Zooplankton communities have similar large-scale changes, but the abundance of many species have a bellshape dependence on subsurface water temperature; these species (including high biomass copepods: Neocalanus
plumchrus, Calanus glacialis, Metridia pacifica, Oithona similis, and euphausiids) are more abundant in warm
years within the cold periods and in cold years within the warm periods. This appears to be related to the medium
position of the Bering Slope Current, which provides greater transport of allochthonous species from the highproductive area along the continental slope toward Cape Navarin. Other high biomass species prefer warmer(Pseudocalanus minutus and Euclanus bungii) or colder conditions (Neocalanus cristatus).
The Russian pollock fishery is more successful in years with abundant allochthonous plankton, mostly because of
longer periods of feeding for pollock within the Russian EEZ, i.e. in transitory environments between the “cold”
and “warm” types. Otherwise, the pollock schools migrate to this area for a short time and leave earlier – that was
typical for the period starting in 2008, with large LCP and lowered abundance of allochthonous plankton, until
the most recent years.

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November 3, 11:20 (W9-11315)

Spatial and temporal variations in late summer chlorophyll a and zooplankton distributionsin the northeastern Bering Sea
Lisa Eisner1, Alex Andrews2, Kristin Cieciel2, Jeanette Gann2 and Ellen Yasumiishi2
1
2

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: lisa.eisner@noaa.gov
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Juneau, AK, USA

Phytoplankton and zooplankton composition have been shown to impact fisheries (e.g. Walleye Pollock) andecosystems in the southeastern Bering Sea. Here, we expand this analysis to describe lower trophic levelvariations in the northeastern Bering Sea. Chlorophyll a (an estimate of phytoplankton biomass), and zooplankton
abundance and biomass were sampled during Bering Aleutian Salmon International Surveys (BASIS) on fisheries
oceanography cruises during late summer (August-September) on the northeastern Bering Sea shelf (60-65 °N),
2002-2012. Spatial variations in chlorophyll a and zooplankton distributions are related to changes in water
masses (temperature, salinity and nutrient characteristics) over this region. Interannual variations in lower trophic
levels also are evaluated for the north Bering Sea and compared to regional environmental variables (e.g., sea ice,winds and water temperature). Finally, we compare and contrast the north and southeastern Bering Sea and factors
driving variations in plankton, and explore implications for fisheries.

November 3, 14:00 (W9-10915)

Summer water masses and fish communities in the north-western Bering and western
Chukchi Seas in 2003-2010
Gennady V. Khen1, Evgeny O. Basuk1, Kirill Kivva2 and Vladimir I. Matveev1
1
2

Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: kirill.kivva@gmail.com

Multidisciplinary oceanographic surveys of the north-western Bering and western Chukchi Seas are performed ona regular basis by TINRO-Center (Russia). Here, we analyzed the data from July-August for 2003, 2007, 2008,
and 2010 which covers the entire region. We used the water mass terminology by Pisareva et al. (2015) with minorchanges. Six water masses (WM) were present in the study area in 2003-2010, four of which were distributed bothacross the Bering and Chukchi Seas. Siberian Coastal Water was observed in the Chukchi Sea only. Relatively
fresh and warm coastal WM was distinguished in the Bering Sea only. An in situ density anomaly gradient wasobserved between the dense water in the western part of the region and lighter water in the eastern part. Its
maximal values were registered along an isopycnal of 26.2. As the Navarin Current in the north-western part ofthe Bering Sea is the main source of the relatively warm and salty Pacific Water to the Chukchi Sea, in some years
it may be a channel for migrations of herring, chum, chinook, and sockeye salmon from the Gulf of Anadyr to the
Chukchi Sea. In the Chukchi Sea, Polar cod, capelin, and sand lance avoid the Pacific WM and keep away fromthe Bering Strait. In the Gulf of Anadyr, pollock and cod usually form denser communities in the Navarin Current.
Conversely, the main stocks of Polar cod and capelin there stay within colder waters of local origin.

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November 3, 14:30 (W9-10889)

Crab larvae in the northeastern Bering Sea and southern Chukchi Sea: Abundance
relative to water masses in 2012
Jared Weems, Franz Mueter, Alexei Pinchuk and Ginny Eckert
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: jdweems@alaska.edu

A significant knowledge gap exists in species-specific crab larval ecology in the Arctic. This is problematic forunderstanding adult stock distributions for the economically and ecologically important species in the region.
We investigated abundance and distribution of seasonally present Anomura and Brachyura crab larvae from a
relatively cool oceanographic period in August-September 2012, in the U.S. northeastern Bering and southern
Chukchi Seas. We compare larval abundances from 505µm mesh 60cm Bongo zooplankton net samples withconcurrent pelagic environmental data and benthic adult crab distributions to discern larval advection processes
into the Arctic. Crab larvae in the region appear to segregate by water mass. Early stage larvae and Paguridae(hermit crabs) species are more abundant in warmer, less saline Alaska Coastal Waters; while late stage larvae andLithodidae (hairy and king crabs) species were more abundant in colder, saltier Bering / Chukchi Shelf Waters.
Late zoeae stages of snow crab were found throughout the study region, while a hot-spot in megalopae biomass
was found in the Chirikov Basin. These results are some of the first of their kind in a region in which larval crabtransport and settlement to the benthos remain undescribed. We plan to expand our data set both regionally andover several years to examine potential mechanisms governing larval distributions, likely including factors suchas larvae origin and developmental rate, water flow dynamics, available downstream nursery habitat, and pelagic
predation.

November 3, 14:50 (W9-11287)

Defining critical periods for Yukon River Chinook salmon
Edward Farley1, Ellen Yasumiishi1, Kerim Aydin2, Kelly Kearney2, Albert Herman3 and Kathrine Howard4
1
2
3
4

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: ed.farley@noaa.gov
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Anchorage, AK, USA

Chinook salmon (Oncorhychus tshawytscha) are an important cultural, commercial, and sport salmon species tothe people of Alaska. Recent sharp declines in returns of Chinook salmon to Alaska rivers have led to disasterdeclarations for some communities by the State of Alaska and Federal Government. The question is: “where
have all the salmon gone?” We examine the early marine ecology of Chinook salmon along the northeastern
Bering Sea shelf by utilizing integrated ecosystem components including a climate driven regional ocean model,
nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton model and a bioenergetics model. The first summer at sea is a critical period
for juvenile Chinook salmon where survival is dependent on rapid growth in nearshore habitats and attaining
sufficient size and energy reserves before winter. Inputs to the model and improved model parameterization comefrom the Bering Aleutian Salmon International Survey (BASIS) conducted during August – October (2002 –2012). Size-selective mortality for Yukon River Chinook salmon during the critical periods was determined bycomparing time series (1970 – 2012) of size distributions of juveniles from the model to those determined fromadult scales (survivors). Our goal is to assess the effect of climate change and variability on growth, fitness, andsurvival of juvenile Yukon River Chinook salmon during these critical periods.

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November 3, 15:10 (W9-11492)

Statistical downscaling of global projections to the Bering Sea, based on an ensemble ofregional model output
Albert J. Hermann1, Wei Cheng1, Georgina A. Gibson2, Ivonne Ortiz1 and Kerim Aydin3
1

2
3

Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: albert.j.hermann@noaa.gov
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
NOAA/Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

We compute the covariance between 1) the large-scale forcing patterns from IPCC global model projections and2) regional biophysical indices generated by a 10-km resolution model of the Bering Sea (Bering10K-NPZD),
driven by nine separate realizations of that large-scale forcing. This analysis – a model-based form of statistical
downscaling – proceeds using both simple regression and multivariate EOF analysis of the output from global andregional models. Such EOF-based methods– sometimes referred to as “regression on the pattern level” – have infact been widely used in both global and regional climate prediction. Ideally this would enable the direct use of
forecast realizations of the IPCC climate models to effectively predict the Bering Sea indices, without the needto rerun simulations with Bering10K-NPZD for each global realization. At a minimum, this method provides an
economical way to estimate forecast uncertainty and other statistics of the regional indices, given the large numberof global realizations which have emerged (and will continue to do so) under IPCC Assessments Reports.

November 3, 15:30 (W9-11340)

Opportunities for data sharing in the northern Bering Sea – Research and data to support
international and interdisciplinary analyses
Matthew R. Baker1 and Lisa B. Eisner2
1
2

North Pacific Research Board, Anchorage, AK, USA. E-mail: Matthew.Baker@nprb.org
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

This talk will address international efforts to coordinate data exchange relevant to understanding processes,
structure, and interactions in the northern Bering Sea and associated ecosystems. Information will be presented
on research efforts and associated data and metadata supported by the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) and
implemented by US research agencies. The Pacific Arctic Region is experiencing significant change in climate
and reduction in seasonal sea ice. These shifts in the physical environment have impacts on system productivity,
phenology, and ecology of upper trophic level species, including distribution, relative abundance, and community
structure. Understanding system interactions and potential shifts in ecosystem structure requires reference dataand information exchange across the full extent of the dynamic marine ecosystems that connect the Pacific andArctic. Through the Intergovernmental Consultative Committee, collaborative agreements between the US
and Russia have been proposed to implement integrated ecosystem research in the Arctic to better understandsystem processes, regional structure, and the ecology and interactions of indicator species. Plans include survey
coordination and collaborative exchange of scientific personnel, samples and data. The US has secured funding
to conduct surveys and integrated ecosystem research in the northern Bering and Chukchi seas 2017-2021. This
presentation will review national research efforts, international research programs (e.g., NPAFC, RUSALCA),
and new efforts (e.g., NPRB Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Research Program) and provide an overview of existing
ecological time series observations and potential new mechanisms for data sharing and exchange. The intent is tocommunicate existing efforts and foster discussion on new opportunities for exchange.

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MEQ Workshop (W10): Distribution and risk analysis ofradionuclides in the North PacificNovember 3, 09:00 (W10-11093)

Assessment of the distribution of radionuclides (137Cs, 134Cs, 90Sr, 129I, 236U and Pu-isotopes)in the coast off Japan derived from the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear accident
Núria Casacuberta
Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics & Environmental Physics, ETH Zurich, Switzerland. E-mail: ncasacuberta@phys.ethz.ch

In the years following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident in 2011, several cruises
took place in the coast off Japan with the aim to quantify the impact of radioactive releases to the Pacific Ocean.
Main emphasis has been on caesium isotopes (137Cs and 134Cs). Due to their half-lives (30 years for 137Cs and2 years for 134Cs) and their large radiological impact these isotopes are of major public concern. However, thesole focus on those gamma-emitting radionuclides masks the entire environmental impact of the accident, andother isotopes need to be studied to attain a more holistic assessment of the Fukushima nuclear disaster. This is
the case for 90Sr, Pu-isotopes, 129I and 236U. During the past five years our studies embraced these radionuclides,with special attention to 90Sr, as it was a major contaminant in waters accumulated within the nuclear facility andstorage tanks. Our results helped understanding the distribution and fate of radionuclides in surface waters in the
coast off Japan, and corroborate studies that found indications for ongoing radionuclide releases from the FDNPP.
Upper boundary estimates of 137Cs, 90Sr and 129I releases during the years following the nuclear accident are minor
compared to the total amounts released in 2011. Yet this study indicates that continuous surveillance tot the Pacific
Ocean is still required.

November 3, 09:40 (W10-10946)

Transport of the Fukushima radioactivity plume to the eastern North PacificJohn N. Smith
Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, N.S., Canada. E-mail: John.Smith@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

The large discharge of radioactivity into the northwest Pacific Ocean from the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear
reactor accident has generated considerable concern about the spread of this material across the ocean to North
America and its transport to the eastern North Pacific. Time series measurements of 134Cs and 137Cs in seawater
on Line P revealed the initial arrival of the Fukushima signal by ocean current transport at a location 1500 km
west of British Columbia, Canada in June, 2012, about 1.3 years after the accident. By June, 2013, the Fukushima
signal had spread onto the Canadian continental shelf and by February, 2014 had increased to a value of 2 Bq/
m3 throughout the upper 150 m of the water column resulting in an overall doubling of the fallout backgroundfrom atmospheric nuclear weapons tests. Between February, 2014 and August, 2015 the Fukushima 137Cs signal
continued to increase in the upper 150 m to levels in excess of 8 Bq/m3. Circulation model estimates that match ourmeasured values indicate that future levels of Fukushima 137Cs off the North American coast will begin to decline
in 2016 and approach levels closer to the fallout background of about 1 Bq/m3 by 2020. The increase in 137Cs
levels in the eastern North Pacific from Fukushima inputs will likely return eastern North Pacific concentrations
to the fallout levels that prevailed during the 1980s, but does not represent a significant threat to human health or
the environment.

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November 3, 10:05 (W10-11024)

Five years monitoring activity on radioactive cesium in seawater after the Fukushima
Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
Hideki Kaeriyama1, Daisuke Ambe1, Yuya Shigenobu1, Shizuho Miki1, Takami Morita1, Hiroya Sugisaki1,
Manabu Shimizu2 and Tomowo Watanabe2
12National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA, Kanazawa-Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 236-8648, Japan
E-mail: kaeriyama@affrc.go.jp
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-3-3 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 220-6115, Japan

After the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, many data on radioactive cesium (Cs134 and Cs-137) in seawater had been collected and published. Present study summarizes details the radioactive
cesium dispersion pattern in the North Pacific and adjacent seas. Briefly, the Fukushima-derived radioactive
cesium dispersed eastward as surface water and extended to the eastern side of the North Pacific in 2014, andwas also observed via a southward intrusion to subsurface waters as Subtropical Mode Water and Central Mode
Water. The radioactive cesium movement related to mode water is important in terms of the circulation of cesium
into the ocean interior. The most remarkable temporal changes of Fukushima-derived radioactive cesium off thecoast around the FDNPP site were observed during the first six months of 2011. After that, continuous decreasing
trend has been observed until 2015. Because higher concentrations of radioactive cesium (ca. 5 Bq/m^3) than the
background levels measured before the accident (ca. 1 Bq/m^3) are still detected. Continued monitoring is stillnecessary, especially the possible sources of the continued effluxes of FDNPP-derived radioactive cesium into thecoastal area should be clarified such as via river.

November 3, 10:50 (W10-11019)

Radioactive cesium in marine biota off Fukushima
Takami Morita1, Ken Fujimoto2, Yuya Shigenobu1, Daisuke Ambe1, Hideki Kaeriyama1, Shizuho Miki1, Tomowo
Watanabe3 and Hiroya Sugisaki1
12
3

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanagawa, Japan
E-mail: takam@affrc.go.jp
Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Headquarters, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kanagawa, Japan

Large amounts of radioactive cesium (134Cs and 137Cs) were released into the ocean through direct and atmosphericpathways by the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Especially, from March to April in 2011, theextremely high contaminated water leaked directly into oceans elevated the radioactive cesium levels in a variety
of marine biota off Fukushima. The concentration of radioactive cesium in seawater had been rapidly decreasedin ocean process, and consequently the concentrations in the pelagic fishes, invertebrates and seaweeds had been
also done because of their radioactive cesium concentrations depending strongly on that in surrounding seawater.
The concentrations in the demersal fishes has been also steadily decreasing over time. The monitoring research
by Fukushima Prefecture showed 57.1 % of inspected marine fish samples were over the Japanese regulatory limit(100 Bq/kg-wet for radioactive cesium) in the period immediately following the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant accident (April – June 2011), but the ratio had been gradually reduced and continues to be 0 % sinceApril 2015.

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November 3, 11:15 (W10-11051)

Concentrations of strontium-90 in marine fishes after the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant accident
Shizuho Miki1, Ken Fujimoto2, Yuya Shigenobu1, Daisuke Ambe1, Hideki Kaeriyama1, Kaori Takagi3, Tsuneo
Ono4, Tomowo Watanabe5, Hiroya Sugisaki1 and Takami Morita1
1
2
3
4
5

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: mikish@affrc.go.jp
Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, Japan
Marine Biological Research Institute of Japan Co., LTD, Tokyo, Japan
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Yokohama, Japan
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan

Strontium-90 (Sr-90) was released together with cesium-137 (Cs-137) from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear
Power Plant (FDNPP) to marine environment in March (fallout), spring (1st leakage of waste water) and December(2nd leakage of waste water) 2011. In this study, we investigated the concentrations of Sr-90 and Cs-137 in marine
fishes of Japan. Sr-90 concentrations in all samples collected outside of Fukushima prefecture were not detected(detection limit, 0.040 Bq/kg-wet). Except for within a 20 km radius from the FDNPP, Sr-90 concentrations higher
than the background level (< 0.046 Bq/kg-wet) were only detected in some samples collected off Fukushima. The
important thing is that the concentrations of Sr-90 in marine fishes were notably lower than those of Cs-137. Our
results with together analysis of other data sets indicated that the influence of the FDNPP accident on Sr-90 inmarine fishes was limited to the area near the FDNPP. We also discuss the activity ratios of Cs-137 to Sr-90 inmarine fishes and sea water.

November 3, 11:40 (W10-11039)

Spatio-temporal variation of radiocesium in sea sediment around off Fukushima
Daisuke Ambe1, Shigeho Kakehi2, Toru Udagawa3, Kazuhiro Aoki1, Yuya Shigenobu1, Tsuneo Ono1, Hideki
Kaeriyama1, Ken Fujimoto4, Shizuho Miki1 and Takami Morita1
12
34

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Kanagawa, Japan. E-mail: ambe@affrc.go.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Miyagi, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Ibaraki, Japan
Fisheries Agency, Tokyo, JapanTo understand the effect of Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident on bottom marine
ecosystem, the Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA) has addressed a crucial issue of comprehending
the spatio-temporal distributions of the radiocesium concentration in sea sediment since 2012. The radiocesium
derived from the FDNPP were mainly distributed at shelf area off Ibaraki, Fukushima and Miyagi Prefectures,in the period of early investigations. The radiocesium concentrations in sea sediment did not simply relate to
the distance from the FDNPP, but those were strongly determined by the pathway of radiocesium-contaminatedbottom water and the adsorption response of radiocesium caused by the sediment grain size. We observed that,in general, these concentrations have gradually decreased by following investigations. For example, the spatial
average concentrations of Cs-137 (about 30-yrs of half-life) in 2015 was about 30 % of that in 2012 or 50 % of2013, respectively. One of the reasons for this decrease is that the resuspension and transportation of sediment by
wave and bottom flow. The radiocesium elution from sediment to seawater was also suggested as another reason
for the decrease by a measurement of the radiocesium concentration in pore water of sediment. Furthermore, theradiocesium occupancy in the lithogenic fraction (minerals) of sea sediment tended to increase with time. These
results indicate that the potential effect of the sea sediment on marine ecosystem has been steadily decreasing.

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November 3, 12:05 (W10-11046)

Distribution of radionuclides in sediment and sedimentation rates in Dalian Bay
Jinqiu Du1,2, Ziwei Yao1, Hui Gao1, Daoming Guan1,2, Guangshui Na1 and Chuanlin Huo1
12

National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023, PR China. E-mail: jqdu@nmemc.org.cn
Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, PR China

Radionuclides are enriched by clay materials and eventually buried in marine sediment. Distribution of radionuclides
in sediment are thus significant indicators of marine environmental process. This research utilizes Dalian Bay astarget area, 8 surface sediment samples and 1 shallow sediment core sample were collected in July 2014, whichwere measured by HPGe γ spectrometer to analyze the content and distribution of radionuclides. The resultshow that the content of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 40K and 137Cs in surface sediment are 45.2~76.8, 24.0~49.7, 55.9~80.4,
791~954 and 1.26~4.23 Bq/kg dry weight respectively, the trend of radionuclides’ horizontal distribution is not
obvious. The Uranium series are unbalanced, excessive level of 210Pb was recorded in comparison with matrix
226
Ra, and a deficit in 226Ra level was recorded in comparison with matrix 238U. There exists a positive correlation
between 137Cs and 40K. The content of 238U, 226Ra, 210Pb, 40K and 137Cs in shallow sediment core sample are
46.3~69.0, 32.7~58.0, 38.6~88.9, 506~582 and 0.91~2.25 Bq/kg dry weight respectively, content of 40K shows noapparent change with depths, levels of other radionuclides fluctuate as depth increases, maximum value of 137Cs
was recorded at the depth of 12cm. Using 210Pbex method and 137Cs estimation method, we have calculated that the
sedimentation rate in Dalian Bay target area are 0.49cm/a and 0.43cm/a respectively.

November 3, 14:00 (W10-10927)

Effect of settle time on absorption of AMP to 137Cs in co-precipitation method
Jianhua He, Fangfang Deng, Jing Lin, Wen Yu, Wu Men and Yusheng Zhang
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: hejianhua@tio.org.cn

In order to assess the effect of settle time on absorption of AMP to radiocesium, ten groups of experiments withthree parallels each were conducted, the average recovery of 137Cs in all experiments is 94.30%, with the range
from 88.18% to 97.39% in each group, and no obvious difference between the recovery of different settle timeafter co-precipitation was observed. The results show that settle time after co-precipitation will not affect theabsorption of AMP to radiocesium, that mean the solution can be immediately filtered after reaction.

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November 3, 14:25 (W10-10938)

Preliminary results from modeling of radionuclide transfer through marine food web
using a multi-organ fish model
Kyung Tae Jung1, Roman Bezhenar2, Vladimir Maderich2, Kyeong Ok Kim1 and Fangli Qiao3
1
2
3

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: ktjung@kiost.ac.kr
Institute of Mathematical Machine and System Problems, Kiev, Ukraine
First Institute of Oceanography, Qingdao, PR China

We describe in this talk recent implementation of a new a multi-organ fish model into the radionuclide transfer
model in the marine environment. In recent years authors have reported dynamic biota models (BURN) to calculate
the transfer of radionuclides through the pelagic and benthic food webs. This model solves a single dynamic
equation for each of marine species considered. For fish species the target tissue-based BURN model was used.
The model simulation results for the Fukushima accident are in good agreement with available measurements for137
Cs accumulating in flesh. However, model simulation results for accidental release of 90Sr from Fukushima
Nuclear Power plant (NPP) and regular releases of 60Co and 54Mn from Forsmark and Ringhals NPPs (Sweden
revealed that the single-target-tissue model considerably underestimated concentrations these radionuclides andsubsequently motivated development of a new radionuclide transfer model in fish. This model solves a single
dynamic equation for each of marine species other than fishes. Three independent dynamic equations governing thetransfer of radionuclides to flesh, bone and organs for marine fishes were used for non-piscivorous and piscivorous
fishes, demersal fish, benthic predator fishes and coastal predator fish. The different values of extraction coefficientin uptake term and biological half-life in loss term were used for tissues. Summing up the concentrations for flesh,bone and organs multiplied by corresponding fractional factors gives rise to the total concentration accumulated
in fishes. The model results are found to be encouraging for concentration of 90Sr in fish after the Fukushima
accident. Application of the new model to the near field of two NPPs in Sweden for reproducing of 60Co and 54Mn
turnover in the fish has also shown a good agreement with measurements.

November 3, 14:50 (W10-10908)

Marine radioactive environmental quality assessment method of China
Wu Men, Wen Yu, Jianhua He, Yusheng Zhang, Fenfen Wang and Yiliang Li
Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic
Administration, 184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, PR China. E-mail: men_wu@126.com

During a period of two years from 2010, Chinese marine scientists have researched an integrated approach to thescientific, managerial and societal issues surrounding the environmental effects of contaminants emitting ionizing
radiation, with an emphasis on marine biota and ecosystems , which is similar to the ERICA and GRADED. 110mAg,
58
Co, 60Co, 134Cs, 137Cs, 3H, 131I, 40K, 54Mn, 226Ra, 90Sr, 232Th, 238U and 65Zn are chosen as the assessment nuclides.
13 types of marine organisms are chosen as the reference organisms. This method contains three assessment
functions. The first function is the marine radioactive environmental quality grading, which includes 4 grades
indicating safe to dangerous. The second function is radiation effort assessment of marine organism, which adopts
ERICA ecosystem screening benchmark of 10 μGy/h. The third one is the risk of long-time discharge of low-level
radioactive wastes. In order to simplify the related assessments, a software with the name of MREQAC has beendrawn up. MREQAC can be used in any Windows System without installation. There are three models in thesoftware and each of them corresponds to one function mentioned above, which are independent of each otherand can be used simultaneously. The user just need to start to the software and input the corresponding parameterssuch as the activities of the environmental mediums, the software can output the assessment results and save themas excel documents automatically. It is powerful and easy to operation, which can satisfy the need of the marine
radioactive environmental quality assessments.

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November 3, 15:15 (W10-11428)

The in-situ measurement of ocean radioactive base on HPGe detector
Jinzhao Zhang, Hongzhi Li, Lei Wang and Chunfang Li
Nation ocean technology center, Tian Jin, China. E-mail: zhangjinzhao_cdut@163.com

An in-situ γ-spectrometer designed for ocean radioactive consisting of HPGe detector with cryocooler, electronics,
data acquisition and processing electronic. The system overcame poor energy resolution of NaI detector and highintrinsic radioactive of LaBr3 detector. The efficiency calibration was used laboratory measurements and Monte
Carlo simulations. The characteristics of the system and results obtained during operational tests and deployment
in the Tian Jin port and Fang Cheng port are presented and it was obtained high resolution water and seabed
spectra. The results were validated by laboratory measurements.

November 3, 15:40 (W10-11493)

Nuclear bombs and coral: Guam coral core reveals operation-specific radiocarbon signals
from the Pacific Proving Grounds
Allen H. Andrews1, Ryuji Asami2, Yasufumi Iryu3, Don Kobayashi1 and Frank Camacho4
1
2
3
4

NOAA Fisheries – Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. E-mail: Allen.Andrews@noaa.gov
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, USA

To perform fish age validation studies in the western Central Pacific, radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed
on a coral core from Guam to provide a regional chronological reference. Analyses on this coral core revealed
anomalous peaks in the early bomb 14C record. The typical marine bomb 14C signal, one that is phase lagged andattenuated relative to atmospheric bomb 14C, is present in the coral core and is consistent with other North Pacificrecords. However, 14C levels that are well above what can be explained by air-sea diffusion alone punctuate thispattern. This anomaly has been demonstrated to a limited extent in other coral cores of the Indo-Pacific region, but
is unmatched in magnitude and temporal resolution in the Guam coral core. In most cases, the early ∆14C peaks
were small and hypothesized to have originated from the thermonuclear test series “Operation Castle” in 1954, but
the Guam coral ∆14C record provided three strong pulses in 1954-55, 1956-57, and 1958-59. Each of these peaks
was directly linked to close-in fallout from thermonuclear testing in the Pacific Proving Grounds at Bikini andEnewetak atolls of the Marshall Islands. The measurable lag in reaching Guam was tied to ocean surface currents
and was traced to other locations with current modeling as distant as Okinawa, Palmyra, and the Indian Ocean.

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November 4
Section on Harmful Algae Bloom Meeting
Workshop 5
Modeling Effects of Climate Change on Fish and Fisheries
Workshop 8
Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in the North Pacific:
History and new challenges

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Section on Harmful Algae Bloom Meeting
November 4, 11:15 (S-HAB-11226)

First record of the genus Azadinium (Dinophyceae) from the Puget Sound, western
Washington State
Joo-Hwan Kim1, Brian D. Bill2, Nicolaus G. Adams2, Urban Tillmann3, Myoung-Soo Han1 and Vera L. Trainer2
1
2
3

Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, R Korea
NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov
Alfred Wegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, D-27570 Bremerhaven, Germany

Some species of the genus Azadinium produce a suite of lipophilic toxins called azaspiracids. Azadinium spinosum
was first described as a toxin-producing species from the North Sea in 2009. Since that time, numerous otherspecies have been identified from many regions of the world. Most Azadinium species are < 18 µm in cell length(the exception is A. caudatum) and thus are difficult to collect in common phytoplankton nets for single cellisolations. While no shellfish toxicity events due to azaspiracids have been described from the northeastern Pacific,
researchers found evidence of Azadinium spp. in Puget Sound in 2014 and 2015 based on molecular probe studies
using filtered seawater. In the present study, Azadinium cultures were established from Puget Sound sediments forphylogenetic study. A total of 5 Azadinium species (A. obesum, A. cuneatum, A. poporum, A. dalianense, and A.
cf. dalianense) were identified. Azadinium obesum and A. poporum had similar ITS and LSU rDNA sequences to
Azadinium isolated from Europe. Specifically, the pairwise sequence diversity of the ITS LSU rDNA sequences
between A. cf. dalianense and A. dalianense from Puget Sound was 0.047 and the pairwise sequence diversity of A.
cf. dalianense and a Chinese A. dalianense strain was 0.071. The Puget Sound A. cf. dalianense and A. dalianense
isolates showed compensatory base changes within helix I and III of ITS2 secondary structure implying that they
are different species. The confirmed presence of the genus Azadinium in Puget Sound underlines the potential risk
to shellfish safety in the northeast Pacific coastal waters.

November 4, 11:40 (S-HAB-11207)

A review of unusual phytoplankton dynamics and oceanographic conditions favoring
diatom growth in the Strait of Georgia, Canada 2015
Svetlana Esenkulova1, Isobel Pearsall1, Akash Sastri2, Mary Thiess3 and Chrys Neville3
1
2
3

Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: svesen@uvic.ca
Ocean Networks Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada
Department of Fisheries, Oceans and the Canadian Coast Guard, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

We present a summary analysis of ~1300 phytoplankton samples collected bi-weekly from February to October
2015 in the Strait of Georgia (SoG), Canada. The spring bloom was recorded unusually early, and the dominant
species was a diatom - Skeletonema costatum. In contrast to the West Coast of Vancouver Island, the East Coastof Vancouver Island did not experience extreme Pseudo-nitzschia spp. events. Throughout the sampling period,
the majority of the SoG biomass was comprised of diatoms, while the dinoflagellate contribution was unusuallylow, and silicoflagellates and raphidophytes almost absent. Here, we examine linkages between composition,
abundance and distribution of phytoplankton and environmental parameters (sea surface temperature and salinity,
dissolved nutrients, fluorescence, oxygen, and turbidity) and discuss the conditions in the Strait that appeared topromote diatom dominance in 2015.

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November 4, 12:05 (S-HAB-11236)

Development of a Harmful Algal Bloom Forecast System for Coastal California
Clarissa Anderson1, Raphael M. Kudela1, David M. Anderson2, Fred L. Bahr2, Yi Chao3, Dale H. Robinson4 andRichard P. Stumpf5
1
2
3
4
5

University of California, Santa Cruz, USA. E-mail: clrander@ucsc.edu, kudela@ucsc.edu
Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System, USA. E-mail: dmanderson@mbari.org, flbahr@mbari.org
University of California, Los Angeles, USA. E-mail: ychao@atmos.ucla.edu
NOAA Coast Watch, USA. E-mail: dale.robinson@noaa.gov
NOAA National Ocean Service, USA. E-mail: richard.stumpf@noaa.gov

Our NASA and NOAA-funded projects to develop an operational HAB forecasting system in coastal California
builds on years of proof-of-concept studies in various hot spots off the U.S. West Coast. Here, we describe
development of an application system to predict the spatial likelihood of Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and dangerous
levels of domoic acid (DA) using a blend of numerical models, ecological forecast models of target phytoplankton
species, and gap-filled satellite ocean color imagery. Daily predictions that merge reconstructed satellite fields from
Data Interpolating Empirical Orthogonal Functions (DINEOF) with physical fields from Regional Ocean Model
System (ROMS) are run routinely at the Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System (CeNCOOS)
and posted on their public website. We are now moving this application system to a NOAA supercomputer at
the University of Wisconsin (S4) for demonstration in an operational environment. By 2018, the system will
operate from NOAA’s National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science and National Weather Service and will beincorporated into NOAA’s operational HAB forecasting system and Bulletin. The first two years of the project
capture two of the largest domoic acid events on record, coincident with the warm “Blob” and widespread foodweb contamination, including unprecedented Dungeness crab closures. Pier sampling and historical stranding
data are compared with the model, and marine mammals appear to be good sentinels of the offshore onset of a
DA event at large spatial scales. Seasonal (hindcast) predictions appear to provide an accurate assessment of risk
levels to fisheries over longer time scales.
Keywords: domoic acid, Pseudo-nitzschia, model, forecasting, prediction

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FIS Workshop (W5): Modeling effects of climate change on fish
and fisheries
November 4, 09:05 (W5-11389)

Earth system and climate modeling activities toward CMIP6 in Japan: A review
Michio Kawamiya
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokohama, Japan. Email: kawamiya@jamstec.go.jp

There are three groups in Japan planning to contribute to Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6):
Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) of Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA); Team MIROC, which is a joint
effort among JAMSTEC, the University of Tokyo, and NIES; and NICAM development team consisting of UT,RIKEN and JAMSTEC. The first two groups are joining most of the endorsed MIPs with their different modelversions combined, while the NICAM team, developing a global cloud system resolving model, joins CMIP6 ina more selective manner due to the immense computer resource requirement. The third generation of the Earth
Simulator, whose theoretical computational speed is 1.3PFlops, will be used for most of the CMIP6 experiments,
while the K computer will be utilized for some NICAM experiments. Many activities in Japan for CMIP6 aresupported by the SOUSEI project funded by MEXT, which covers wide range of impact assessment studies for
global change including those for fisheries. Since the project is coming to an end in March, 2017, a forum has
been set up involving both the scientific community and funding agencies to discuss overall direction of climate
science beyond the SOUSEI project.

November 4, 09:30 (W5-11411)

CERES (Climate change and European Aquatic RESources): Socio-political scenarios
for use alongside climate change projections
John K. Pinnegar1,2
1
2

Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK. E-mail: john.pinnegar@cefas.co.uk
School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK

CERES is a 4-year European Union Horizon 2020 project, starting in March 2016, with 26 international partners.
CERES aims to enhance understanding of how climate change will influence Europe’s most important fish andshellfish resources and the economic activities depending on them. Within CERES, Task 1.2 will create a suiteof exploratory socio-political scenarios that can be used throughout the project alongside outputs from climatechange models. Scenarios are needed in order to constrain the number of possible permutations of climate vseconomic vs political storylines, using a single coherent framework. Topics that will be addressed in the CERES
scenarios will include future fuel and fishing costs, assumed domestic and global demand for fisheries/aquaculture
products, technological developments and changes in European policy and management.
The four-quadrant scenario approach has become the dominant architecture used in future projection studies
following its earlier adoption by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). In recent years however,the IPCC has developed five ‘Shared Socioeconomic Pathways’ (SSPs) for use alongside it’s Representative
Concentration Pathways (RCPs). In order that the CERES model outputs are compatible with this latest IPCC
approach, and that outputs might also be useful in the 6th Assessment Report (AR6), the prototype CERES scenarios
will build heavily on the new SSP framework, but provide considerable extra detail with regard aquaculture andfisheries in Europe. Throughout 2016 these draft scenarios will be refined and elaborated at a range of spatial
scales (regional, national, international). They will include both marine and freshwater considerations.

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November 4, 09:55 (W5-11309)

Climate change is projected to reduce carrying capacity in North Pacific pelagic marine
ecosystems
Phoebe A. Woodworth-Jefcoats1,2, Jeffrey J. Polovina1 and Jeffrey C. Drazen2
1
2

NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: Phoebe.Woodworth-Jefcoats@noaa.gov
University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Honolulu, HI, USA

Climate change is expected to impact marine ecosystems, and in turn, the fisheries that rely upon them. Here, we
examine the ecosystem impacts of projected changes in epipelagic temperature and zooplankton density throughthe output of a suite of 11 CMIP5 earth system models. We find that under RCP8.5, increasing temperatures mayalter the spatial distribution of tuna and billfish species richness across the North Pacific basin. Furthermore,warmer waters and declining zooplankton densities may act together to lower carrying capacity for commerciallyvaluable fish by 2 – 5% per decade over the 21st century. These changes have the potential to significantly impact
the magnitude, composition, and distribution of commercial fish catch across the pelagic North Pacific. Fishery
managers should anticipate these climate impacts in order to ensure sustainable fishery yields and livelihoods.

November 4, 10:15 (W5-11399)

The Alaska Climate-change Integrated Modeling project (ACLIM): Identifying impacts
and management solutions for Eastern Bering Sea fisheries
Kirstin Holsman, Anne Hollowed, André Punt, Kerim Aydin, Jim Ianelli, Jonathan Reum, Paul Spencer, Wei
Cheng, Al Hermann, Stephen Kasperski and Alan Haynie
National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA AFSC, USA. Email: kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov

Climate change is a global issue affecting marine ecosystems and species that span multiple internationalboundaries, and is one of the most universal challenges facing fisheries scientists and managers. This is particularly
true for cold-water species in the Eastern Bering Sea (AK) where significant warming and shifts in productivity
are anticipated over the next century. Historically, the region has long supported some of the most productive
fisheries in the US, representing nearly 50% of annual catches nationally while maintaining harvest rates below
overfishing limits. Ensuring that regional fisheries management continues to be sustainable and is “climate ready”
requires understanding how different fisheries management approaches might attenuate or amplify climate-drivenchanges to fish and shellfish biomass. The 3 year ACLIM project was developed to address this need, and brings
together climate, ecosystem, fishery management, and socioeconomic experts to quantify the interacting effects
of global emissions, climate change, natural variability, and harvest on fish and fisheries. The project provides
a proof-of-concept implementation of a Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE) framework for assessing theperformance of fisheries management strategies under different climate change scenarios. Here we discuss some
initial results and discuss challenges and approaches to coupling global climate and regional circulation models
to multiple climate-enhanced biological and socio-economic models. As each model has unique assumptions
and treatments of cumulative pressures and adaptive potentials, they yield disparate, yet equally plausible future
trajectories. Thus we also discuss some approaches to summarizing results and presenting risk in an informativeand cohesive manner in the context of divergent future scenarios.

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November 4, 10:50 (W5-11346)

Climate-change driven range shifts of exploitable chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus)
projected by bio-physical coupling individual based model in the western North PacificSukgeun Jung1, Ig-Chan Pang1, Joon-ho Lee1, Hwa Hyun Lee2 and Suam Kim2
1
2

College of Ocean Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea. E-mail: sukgeun.jung@gmail.com
Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea

We projected the effects of warming ocean on the range shift of biomass of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicas)
covering from the larval to the adult stages up to age 3 yr by developing and applying individual-based models(IBM) based on a regional ocean circulation model for the western North Pacific and two climate change
scenarios. From laboratory experiments, we observed a diurnal cycle in the buoyancy of larval mackerel. Our
IBMs tentatively suggested that the larval and juvenile mackerel in the Korea Strait, the Japanese coastal areas andthe Kuroshio extension areas are mostly transported from the East China Sea where they were hatched. Despite thegreater uncertainty, the preliminary results of our IBMs projected that, by the 2050s, the strengthened Tsushimawarm current in the Korea Strait and the East Sea, driven by global warming, will shift the young-of-the-yearmackerel biomass distribution north to the East Sea, and adult mackerel biomass north, especially in the Yellow
Sea. To improve the model performance, international cooperative researches among the regional countries are
required, especially for extensive ichthyoplankton surveys in the East China Sea.

November 4, 11:10 (W5-11153)

Updated plan for modeling effects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the western
North Pacific Ocean
Shin-ichi Ito1, Takeshi Okunishi2, Takashi Setou3, Akinori Takasuka3, Takahiko Kameda3, Naoki Yoshie4,
Kazuyoshi Watanabe5, Hiroshi Kuroda6, Motomitsu Takahashi7, Toru Hasegawa7, Satoshi Kitajima7, Michio
Yoneda8, Kosei Komatsu1 and Takaaki Yokoi1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: goito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Shiogama, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA, Yokohama, Japan
Center for Marine Environment Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
Japan Fisheries Information Service Center, Tokyo, Japan
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Kushiro, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Nagasaki, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, FRA, Imabari, Japan

Under the project entitled “Development of mitigation and adaptation technologies to climate change in the
sectors of agriculture, forestry, and fisheries” supported by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries(MAFF), model developments have been conducted to evaluate the effects of climate change on fish and fisheries
in the western North Pacific. The western North Pacific is one of the most productive areas in the world and it
shows high biodiversity. Therefore, it is an important task to evaluate the future status of fisheries production
and biodiversity in the western North Pacific. As a scientific collaboration within PICES member countries, aphysical-biological coupled model, NEMURO.FISH, which is able to connect climate and fish production throughprey plankton production, was developed, and NEMURO.FISH has been applied to the western North Pacific. The
lower-trophic level ecosystem model (NEMURO) has been improved to increase the prey plankton functioning(eNEMURO) under the project. We are now developing a coupled model between ROMS and eNEMURO in thewestern North Pacific. Our plan is to include fish growth and migration into the coupled model and evaluated theeffects of climate change on fish and fisheries in the western North Pacific. One of the limitations of NEMURO.
FISH is that the model can be applied only to the plankton feeders. We also introduce a plan to extend the model
to include fish feeders.

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November 4, 14:40 (W5-11432)

A review of species distribution modeling in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Large Marine
Ecosystem
Jonathan A. Hare1 and Vincent S. Saba2
1
2

NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett, RI, USA. E-mail: jon.hare@noaa.gov
NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA

A number of efforts are underway in the Northeast U.S. Shelf Large Marine Ecosystem to project shifts inabundance and distribution in response to multi-decadal climate variability and climate change. The methods range
from qualitative vulnerability assessments to quantitative species distribution modeling. Past and current species
distribution modeling efforts will be summarized with a focus on the statistical model used, the linkages to climate
models, and the climate scenarios and time periods used in projections. From this summary, guidelines will be
developed so that results from separate studies can be combined to better understand the structural uncertainty inthe approaches. The development of Regional Fishing Pathways and the use of process-based species distribution
models will also be discussed.

November 4, 15:00 (W5-11416)

Report on the 2016 ICES/PICES Workshop on Economic Modelling of the Effects of
Climate Change on Fish and Fisheries
Alan C. Haynie
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov

The ICES/PICES Workshop on Economic Modelling of the Effects of Climate Change on Fish and Fisheries(WKSICCME_Econ) was held in Brest, France on June 3-4, 2016.
The workshop was associated with the larger ICES/PICES MSEAS symposium, ‘Understanding marine socioecological systems.’ The workshop had the three following primary goals:
Identify the socioeconomic data and features of the suite of representative future fishing and ecosystem scenarios
identified in the August 2015 inter-sessional workshop that could be employed for use in evaluating climatechange effects on fish and fisheries.
Identify how fisheries management policies will interact with climate change and identify how researchers canbest evaluate what management tools are most likely to be resilient to climate change effects on fisheries.
Identify suites of bioeconomic and spatially explicit models of fishery behavior that can be used to project the
implications different climate models on commercially important marine fish stocks in the northern hemisphere.
This talk will summarize the key results from the workshop and discuss manuscripts and on-going collaborationthat has come from the workshop.

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POC Workshop (W8): Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in
the North Pacific: History and new challenges
November 4, 09:00 (W8-11229)

Finescale variability of isopycnal salinity in the southern California Current System
Sachihiko Itoh1 and Daniel L. Rudnick2
1
2

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: itohsch@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA

The California Current System (CCS) is a three-dimensional confluence of various water masses. There are four
major source water masses, the North Pacific Subarctic water from the North Pacific Central water from thewest, the equatorial Pacific water from the south, and the water pumped up by the coastal upwelling, which are
distinguished by temperature, salinity dissolved oxygen and nutrient concentrations. The fronts of these water
masses often accompany meanders of the currents and mesoscale eddies, and smaller-scale features indicating
vigorous stirring and mixing are observed. Previous studies found that the meso- and submesoscale variance of
isopycnal spice is strong in layers of large-scale isopycnal gradient in spice, suggesting the role of the fronts.
However, details of isopycnal tracer variability and the relevant physical processes have yet to be confirmed. In
the present study, we analyzed the temperature and salinity data from the California Underwater Glider Networkthat continuously operates the spray glider missions along the three CalCOFI lines with a horizontal resolutionof 1–5 km since 2006. From approximately 350 sections (in total ~50,000 profiles), we investigated the fine scalevariability of isopycnal salinity. Variance of isopycnal salinity was large around σθ = 25.0, especially in autumn.
The spatial spectra were generally fitted to a power law of k–2, similar to those obtained in other regions, while
those in a scale range larger than the Rossby radius of deformation showed bluer gradient up to k–1. Seasonalvariability and influences of the recent warming event are also shown in the presentation.

November 4, 09:30 (W8-11029)

Eddy trajectory in a closed rectangular oceanic basin
Yasuhide Kobayashi and Atsushi Kubokawa
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: yasuhide_kobayashi@ees.hokudai.ac.jp

Many mesoscale oceanic eddies were observed by recent satellite measurements. In this study, we haveinvestigated the trajectory of an isolated anticyclonic eddy in a rectangular ocean basin using a β-plane reduced
gravity model, since the eddy trajectory in a closed basin and its determination mechanism were still unknown.
The eddy translates westward initially until it collides with a meridional western boundary. Then it migrates
clockwise along the western, northern and eastern boundaries and separates from the eastern boundary at a certain
latitude. When the initial latitude of the eddy is near the northern boundary, the eddy returns to almost the initial
position after the clockwise migration, while it is not the case when the initial latitude is further south. Suchbehavior has not been reported as far as we know. Then, we constructed a point vortex model including effectsof mirror image and β-induced westward movement in order to demonstrate the eddy trajectory by Hamiltonian
contour. Although the point vortex must translate along the same Hamiltonian contour, the eddy with a finite size
cannot always translate along the same contour. It is shown that our new point vortex model including the eddy
size which is connected to the diffusive effect, can qualitatively represent the trajectories obtained by numericalexperiments. In this workshop, we talk about these topics and new research results. We suggest that “transfer
Hamiltonian contour mechanism” is one of the dominant factors for the eddy translation.

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November 4, 09:50 (W8-11130)

Mesoscale and submesoscale wavenumber spectra from the Geostationary Ocean Color
Imager (GOCI)
Yeon S. Chang1 and Young-Gyu Park1,2
1

2

Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea
E-mail: ypark@kiost.ac.kr
Department of Integrated Ocean sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

The Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) continuously monitors the northeast Asian waters around Korea
with 500 m horizontal resolution. These high resolution ocean color data enable us to study submesoscale
processes much smaller than 10 km as well as mesoscales. Two regions, one in the southwestern part of East
Sea (128-134°E and 35-39°N) and the other in the western Pacific south of the Kuroshio (132 - 142°E and 25 29°N), were selected. We then conducted spectral analysis using the bootstapping method for summer and winterrespectively. At scale greater or equal to 10 km during summer in both areas the wave number spectra follow -5/3
power law as predicted by the surface quasi-geostrophic theory. In winter the spectrum becomes flatter due tomixed layer instability. The effect of the mixed layer instability (the degree of flattening) is greater in the East Sea
where the available potential energy is greater. At scales less than about 5 km, the spectral slope is flatter in allcases suggesting active stirring and forward cascading.

November 4, 10:10 (W8-10912)

Mesoscale eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific
Hiromichi Ueno, Hiromu Ishiyama, Yuki Okada and Yuka Karasawa
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: ueno@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Mesoscale eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific have a significant impact on the heat, freshwater, macroand micro-nutrient and biota exchanges between shelf and offshore regions and thus play an important role in themarine ecosystem of the offshore region. In this talk, we review the studies on mesoscale eddies in the western
subarctic North Pacific and discuss what should be studied in the near future for the better understanding of marine
ecosystem in the region from the view point of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddies. In addition, we discuss theformation and propagation of eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific through analysis of 20-year time seriesof satellite altimeter data. In the analysis, a neighbor enclosed area tracking algorithm able to detect mergers andsplits of mesoscale eddies was applied to track each eddy.

November 4, 14:00 (W8-11314)

Competition in a patchy world: submesoscale dynamics, phytoplankton growth, andcarbon export in the oligotrophic North PacificNaomi M. Levine and Xiao Liu
University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. E-mail: n.levine@usc.edu

In the ocean, physical dynamics act to create variability in the availability of resources generating environmental
niches at every scale from micrometers to kilometers. Given the nonlinearity of most biological dynamics,
it is important to understand how fine-scale bio-physical interactions may propagate to large scale ecosystem
dynamics and carbon cycling. Here I present an approach for generalizing the impact of submesoscale bio-physicalinteractions on ecosystem dynamics using a statistical description of the perturbations induced by submesoscale
processes. I use this model to investigate the impact of fine-scale heterogeneity in resource environment on
ecosystem dynamics and carbon cycling. The model was applied to the Hawaiian Ocean Time-series site to
explore the importance of fine-scale spatial and temporal heterogeneity on ecosystem composition and carbon
dynamics at the site. Results suggest that community composition and export are impacted by the frequency ofsubmesoscale front formation and that community dynamics in a heterogeneous resource environment differ
significantly from a homogenous field.

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November 4, 14:30 (W8-11355)

Mesoscale structures and Pacific saury fishing grounds in the Northwestern Pacific
Elena I. Ustinova1 and Viktor N. Filatov1,2
1
2

Pacific Fisheries Research Centre (TINRO- Centre), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: eustinova@mail.ru
Southern Scientific Centre RAS, Rostov-on-Don, Russia

The role of mesoscale structures in the fishing grounds formation is shown on the basis of experience of saury
fishing scientific support implemented by TINRO-Center in the Northwestern Pacific. The region is characterized
by strong mesoscale variability associated with the Oyashio current branches, anticyclonic and cycloniceddies, processes of frontogenesis and frontolysis. Historically, many useful relationships between mesoscale
inhomogeneities and fish spatial distribution and the fishing grounds formation were found during the scientificprogramme “Polygon” in 1978-1990 (high-resolution surveys by 3-5 R/Vs synchronously). Important factor
determining of the large-scale saury distribution and the concentration of fisheries activity is the presence andthe position of the large anticyclonic eddy (diameter ~160-190 km) off east Hokkaido Island in summer andautumn. This eddy affects the saury fishery during several months. In some cases it is possible to trace the inflow
of cold water with very different biological characteristics in the center of this eddy leading to the formation of
local fronts inside it, where saury fishery has been successful during 1 week. The average duration of sustainablefishery is ~1 week for cyclonic eddies (~18 km), and 1-2 days for submesoscale eddies. Operational detection ofhigh-gradient frontal zones is based on SST and altimetry data. Usage of SST data obtained in situ by research andfishing vessels allowed us to improve the SST fields in the fishing area and to identify the local and submesoscale
inhomogeneities promising for fishery (areas of the fronts, individual eddies, etc.) and to trace their evolution.

November 4, 14:50 (W8-11370)

The cross-shelf transport by the eddy-pair in the Northern South China Sea in June 2015
Dongfeng Xu1,2, Xianqiang He1,2, Chenghao Yang1,2, Jun Wang1,2, Mingquan Xu1,2, Hong Chen1,2 and Yaochu
Yuan1,2
1
2State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Hangzhou, PR China. E-mail: xudongfengsio@sio.org.cn
Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, PR China

The cross-shelf transport is of great importance for the nutrient and other material exchange between shelf sea
and deep ocean in the Northern South China Sea (NSCS). During June 19th to 29th of 2015, we conducted a multidiscipline observation by research vessel “Nanfeng”. CTD profile, satellite tracked surface drifters and mooredsubsurface buoy were used for the in situ observation of T,S, chlorophyll and velocity. The results show that a
low-salinity (32 psu) with high-chlorophyll water jet, which is ~500 km long, 100 km wide and lasting more than
19 days occupied the area between an anticyclonic-cyclonic eddy-pair. The riverine rich-nutrient coastal water
was transport into the oligotrophic deep basin of SCS by the jet. The mooring velocity data showed the baroclinic
velocity structure of the jet, the upper 100m was off-shelf and deep layer was in-shelf. The altimetric SLA datashows that such eddy-pair happens every year in this area. The role of the eddy-pair in the material exchange
between shelf sea and deep ocean in the NSCS need further quantitatively study.

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November 7
KEYNOTE
Session 1: Science Board Symposium
25 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future

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KEYNOTE

November 7, 10:30

Projecting ecosystem consequences of climate variability and change: Aspirations for the
next 25 years of PICES
Ryan R. Rykaczewski
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. E-mail: ryk@sc.edu

Research associated with the goals of PICES has transformed scientific perceptions of ecosystem variability. The
vibrant forums of PICES meetings and coordinated efforts by scientists from participating regions have stimulated
understanding of the relationships between large-scale atmospheric processes, oceanographic conditions, andmarine ecosystems--notably at decadal scales. Even while the mechanisms of decadal scale variability continue
to be investigated, the PICES community must also devote attention to changes associated with increasing
greenhouse gas emissions. Our improving understanding of low-frequency, climate-ecosystem interactions may
inform understanding of ecosystem responses to anthropogenic climate change. However, responses to climatechange will be unlike responses to natural variability. Recognized patterns of natural climate variability havebeen characterized as oscillatory in space, with signs of change that differ regionally. Anthropogenic change,
in contrast, is expected to result in large-scale physical forcing of a similar sign throughout ocean basins; asconcentrations of carbon dioxide rise, surface temperatures, water-column stratification, and ocean acidity will
increase in nearly all regions. Projecting the consequences of such forcing on other physical characteristics,
biogeochemical properties (namely subsurface dissolved oxygen content, carbonate speciation, nutrient supply,and primary production) is possible. However, understanding ecosystem responses at scales relevant to individual
populations, community structure, fisheries, and human society remains extremely challenging, particularly as
conditions cross thresholds not experienced in the recent past. Physical, chemical, and biological anomalies in
the Northeast Pacific over the last several years have demonstrated the insufficiency of describing of conditions
using a combination of well recognized atmosphere-ocean modes.
During the next 25 years, marine scientists will face the challenge of distinguishing the effects of anthropogenic
climate change from those of natural variability, fisheries exploitation, and other anthropogenic stressors.
Investigations of the frequency, intensity, and spatial patterns of natural variability, their sensitivities to climatechange, and their ecological consequences are necessary. Developing technologies and increasing computational
power provide research opportunities that were nearly inconceivable two decades ago, but maintaining andexpanding long-term ocean observing systems capable of concurrent physical, chemical, and biologicalmeasurements remains essential for resolving changes relevant to biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem structure.
Creating conceptual and operational models that can relate physical variability to human society, represent
ecological mechanisms that are robust to climate change, and convey appropriate levels of uncertainty will be
critical. Developing “objective advice on scientific questions with great practical implications” was one of the
primary justifications for the creation of PICES. We continue to make progress toward this goal, but effectively
applying new oceanographic understanding to improve management of marine resources remains difficult.
Achieving this goal requires consideration of both short-term model forecasts with practical utility as well as
long-term model projections with more strategic emphasis. Continued multinational collaboration among PICES
members and partnerships with other marine science organizations are crucial to addressing these challenges.

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Session 1: Science Board Symposium
25 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future
November 7, 11:15 (S1-10968)

Predicting evolutionary responses to climate change in the sea: Progress and challenges
Philip L. Munday
ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia. E-mail: philip.munday@jcu.edu.au

The need to consider evolutionary responses when predicting the impacts of climate change on marine ecosystems
is increasingly recognised, yet relatively few studies have tackled this critically important question. In part, thisstems from a lack of understanding about how evolutionary responses can be tested and included in climatechange models. In this talk I will explain why an evolutionary perspective is crucial to understanding climatechange impacts in the sea. I will then discuss the different approaches that may be useful for addressing thischallenge and examine progress that has been made to date. I will first examine evidence that phenotypic plasticity
may assist marine species to persist in a rapidly changing climate. I will then outline the various experimental
approaches that can be used to estimate evolutionary potential. I will describe the benefits of each approach andhow they can be combined to gain a deeper understanding of adaptive responses to climate change in the sea.
Recent examples and a summary of current state-of-knowledge will be presented.

November 7, 11:45 (S1-11384)

Why people matter: Past and future analysis of the role of humans in marine ecosystems
Alan C. Haynie
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA 98115, USA. E-mail: Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov

One fundamental change that has occurred during the first 25 years of PICES is the increased awareness bymarine scientists that humans play a central role in marine ecosystems. While humans clearly take a primaryrole as drivers and beneficiaries of marine ecosystems, it is not always obvious to natural scientists how to makethe connection between their research and the work of economists and social scientists from diverse fields. The
PICES Section on Human Dimensions represents one significant effort to work across nations to improve researchand data collection efforts among economists and social scientists, to better communicate the importance of thiswork to natural scientists, and to work with natural scientists on interdisciplinary problems. Beyond PICES,
large and diverse projects are occurring at both the national and international levels to achieve similar goals.
After briefly discussing several of these research projects, this talk will provide one vision of how the future
might evolve in a manner that most usefully integrates social sciences and economics into PICES and marine
science more generally. Evolving technology, socioeconomic data collection, improved management institutions,better long-term collaboration among natural and social scientists, and expanding research efforts together offer ahopeful future for better interdisciplinary science and a more sustainable marine environment.

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November 7, 12:15 (S1-10957)

Applying fractionalization indices to transboundary fish stocks to forecast future conflict
hotspots
Robert Blasiak1,2, Jessica Spijkers3 and Nobuyuki Yagi1
1
2
3

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: a-rb@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan
Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden

Unpredictable shifts in the distribution and abundance of transboundary fish stocks are a major concern, with
implications for local and regional economies, food security, and public health. Within a geopolitical context,
however, they also have the potential to spark or exacerbate international conflict. A common assertion is thatcooperation is more likely among homogeneous players, while high levels of heterogeneity can hamper or preclude
such processes. We will present initial results of our efforts to test this assertion within a fisheries context using
fractionalization indices. Often used by political scientists to assess conflict potential, fractionalization indicescan be calculated to represent the relative homogeneity of states or regions. We calculate a series of economic,
cultural and governance fractionalization indices at the regional level for transboundary fish stocks. In each case,the “region” is not necessarily defined geographically, but instead by the participating fishing nations (including
distant water fishing nations), and the respective fractionalization within each group. We conclude by forecasting
future hotspots for conflict based on best available science related to climate-related changes in the distributionof transboundary stocks.

November 7, 14:00 (S1-11112)

PICES-ICES Cooperation: Where we are and where to go?
Cornelius Hammer
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea ICES (ICES), Copenhagen, Denmark. E-mail: cornelius.hammer@thuenen.de

It is in the nature of scientific oceanographic work to cooperate. Even research on local phenomena must be
reflected on a broader scale: is it a local phenomenon or is it of greater significance? This has become of greater
importance since research started on events of world-wide importance that emerged throughout the 1970s and1980s: pollution, coral bleaching, diseases, change of biodiversity, harmful algal blooms, and non-indigenous
species. In reaction international cooperation started on a project-level. However, since the 1990s common
problems have risen to another magnitude: global warming, change of entire ecosystems, meltdown of the
Arctic ice sheet, and acidification. Scientific problems of this scale can only be dealt with by common research.
Therefore it was only logical for PICES and ICES to start closer cooperation beginning in 2000, being not research
institutes, but organizers of research. The cooperation takes place on three levels: firstly, common organisationand sponsoring of symposia (25) and conducting common theme sessions (what has been done? Where are wenow?), secondly, organising workshops and strategic initiatives (to work together on concrete issues) and thirdly,
developing together new research fields (what should be done in future?), as it has been done with “humandimension”. This is also the way forward: the future of PICES-ICES cooperation is seen in continuing thesesuccessful science-supporting initiatives but also in defining directions of research as the basis for politics andadministrations for research funding. Prominent examples are the Arctic, acidification, and change of ecosystems.

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November 7, 14:30 (S1-11095)

Oceanography of the Mexican Pacific Ocean: An interactive region between north andsouth
Guido Marinone
CICESE, México. E-mail: marinone@cicese.mx

PICES’ 25 years of history have produced a high level of knowledge of the North Pacific in aspects related toclimate and its two-way coupling to ocean circulation and biogeochemistry. PICES science has also helped
elucidate biological cycles within the North Pacific’s ecosystem and food web, and the associated impacts on
fisheries and socio-economics. All this information generated from within and in collaboration among PICES
member countries allows for better management of resources. To date, while recognizing the importance of global
and larger basin-scale signals, PICES’ efforts have focused mainly on regions northward of 30°N.
The waters off the Mexican Pacific coast are a transition area where the California Current leaves the continent
towards the North Equatorial Current, resulting in a biogeographic boundary between warmer (tropical) andcooler (sub-tropical) waters. In this same region, coastal-trapped waves propagate poleward from the Equator
into the North Pacific Ocean. Expected climate effects will heighten the importance of understanding possible
biogeographic shifts and energy propagation (e.g., associated with more frequent El Niño events) along thisdynamic southern PICES boundary.
We will highlight contributions from Mexican institutions during the last 25 years in this region of the Pacific.
Perhaps more importantly, we also describe the challenges we anticipate in the coming 25 years, and how
Mexico, together with PICES, can contribute to the advancement of a better understanding of the functioning andmanagement of the North Pacific’s resources.

November 7, 15:00 (S1-11421)

The UN role in for ocean science and ocean governanceLuis ValdésInstituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain. E-mail: luis.valdes@st.ieo.es

The ocean is the greatest ecosystem on Earth. It provides tangible goods and commodities (e.g., food, energy,
minerals, transportation routes...) as well as ecosystem services (climate regulation, coastal protection, productionof oxygen, nutrient cycling, carbon sequestration, etc.). It vast dimension interconnects all the continents and theirresources are not fenced by national boundaries. The ocean is a classic example of a “global common”.
Where natural resources are shared among many countries or pollution spreads across international boundaries(floating and drifting debris and microplastics) individual countries cannot act on their own. Regulationof ocean uses needs of collective action at international scale. This international stewardship is provided byintergovernmental organizations, such as PICES, ICES and others under the legitimacy of the UN system, such as
FAO, WMO, IMO and the IOC-UNESCO among others.
If real progress is to be made towards reversing coastal and marine degradation in the face of the accelerating
warming, loss of biodiversity, pollution, etc., it is urgent that the states adopt strategies towards science forsustainability. The creation of new international frameworks of cooperation for ocean research and governance,
scientific cooperation, capacity development and transfer of technology between developed and developing
countries such as the UN Sustainable Development Goal14 for the ocean (Conserve and sustainably use theoceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development) are examples of actions that could contribute
substantially to address those urgent needs.
This talk explores the role of the UN system as driver of international cooperation and facilitator for ocean
knowledge.

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November 7, 15:20 (S1-11099)

Recent advances, ongoing challenges, and future directions in ecosystem approaches tofisheries management in the central North PacificJeffrey Polovina1, Anela Choy2, Phoebe Woodworth-Jefcoats1,4 and Johanna Wren1
1
2
3
4

Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: Jeffrey.polovina@noaa.gov
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA
University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Honolulu, HI, USA

For 25 years PICES has been a leader in promoting a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to marine ecosystem
research including advancing our understanding of ecosystem carrying capacity, regime shifts, and impacts fromclimate change. We have been engaged with PICES from the beginning and our subtropical pelagic ecosystem
research has greatly benefitted from this association. We have used a suite of data and tools including fishery
data, fish diet data, outputs from earth system models, and ecosystem models to document a top-down responsein the pelagic ecosystem due to fishing and to project future climate change impacts including an expanded
subtropical gyre with lower productivity and lower fishery catch rates. A multispecies maximum yield is proposed
to maintain ecosystem structure and biodiversity. Going forward we are evaluating how spatial ecosystem models,
indices from micronekton sampling, fish size structure, and ocean vertical structure may provide more operational
ecosystem advice.

November 7, 15:40 (S1-10929)

Can we use zooplankton diversity to fill the global indicator gap of the Aichi Biodiversity
Target 10?
Sanae Chiba1,2, Stephen Fletcher2 and Sonia D. Batten312
3

RCGC, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: Chibas@jamstec.go.jp
UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
SAHFOS, Nanaimo, BC, CanadaThis presentation will review the potential to develop zooplankton diversity into one of the global indicators
for the Aichi Biodiversity Target 10, which aims to minimize multiple anthropogenic pressures on marine
ecosystems impacted by climate change or ocean acidification. Zooplankton species composition, size structure
and other functional traits are sensitive to environmental variations, and any changes will affect trophic linkages
and biogeochemical cycles. Zooplankton diversity has been proposed by various regional studies as a usefulindicator of marine ecosystem responses to climate change and anthropogenic pressures, recruitment success ofplankivorous fish, and the efficiency of the biological carbon pump. Several international initiatives are currently
attempting to identify essential biological variables to measure at the global scale, in order to assess the temporal
trend and present status of the earth’s ecosystems and biodiversity. With the quasi-global spatial coverage ofpresent zooplankton observation efforts, zooplankton diversity is well positioned to become an essential biologicalvariable, e.g. it has been recommended to be one of the candidate Essential Ocean Variables by the GOOS
Biology and Ecosystem Panel. Aichi Biodiversity Target 10 is one of the drivers of development of the essential
biological variables. However, some of the components, e.g. trends in the state of vulnerable ecosystems, have
yet no specific global indicators except coral reef ecosystems. We examine the extent of relevance, data coverage,
and international coordination of zooplankton observations, and discuss the possibility to develop zooplankton
diversity to fill the gap of global indicators for the Aichi Target 10.

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November 7, 16:20 (S1-11407)

Harnessing blue capital for blue growth: Why invest?
Essam Yassin Mohammed
International Institute for Environment and Development, London, UK. E-mail: eymohammed@iied.org

The term ‘blue capital’ refers to marine and coastal ecosystems (e.g. coral reefs, mangroves, salt marshes and seagrass beds) that provide economically significant goods and services. Depending on national circumstances, blue
capital underpins marine and coastal economic development by protecting cities and communities from flooding;regulating water quality; attracting tourism; or sustaining fisheries. Certain marine and coastal ecosystems alsosequester more carbon dioxide than terrestrial vegetation, and are therefore crucial regulators of climate change.
The focus of my talk will be to identify practical development pathways that enhance both the: (1) health ofmarine and coastal ecosystems; and (2) contribution of these ecosystems to livelihoods and economic growth.
Specific questions addressed by the presentation include:
Why invest? – Present a clear and accessible synthesis of current knowledge concerning the economic benefits ofhealthy marine and coastal ecosystems; andHow to invest? – Drawing on a large selection of case studies, set out a diverse suite of globally relevant legal,
policy and financial options for maintaining and enhancing these benefits.

November 7, 16:50 (S1-11111)

Marine Ecological Capital: Assessment, management and investment
Shang Chen, Yongfu Sun, Tao Xia and Linhua Hao
First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: qdcs@163.com

Marine Ecological Capital (MEC) is defined as marine ecological resources which have direct or indirectcontributions to human social and economic production and provide benefits for humans. MEC is the importantcomponent of natural capital. MEC value is defined as the monetized benefits for humans from marine ecologicalcapital, including both the standing stock value of marine ecological resources and the value of marine ecosystemservices. Marine ecological resources (MER) consist of marine living resources and their habitats (e.g., seawater,
surface seabed), as well as the marine ecosystem that they act upon as a whole. Ecological (or natural) capitalhas become an emerging issue in both scientific and economic communities. Cooperation on marine ecosystemservices has already been accepted in the outcome list of the 8th Sino-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue (June2016 in Beijing). Three scientific issues are preliminarily addressed in this presentation: assessment frameworks,
management mechanisms and investment models of marine ecological capital. Ecosystem-based marine
management needs mainstreaming of MEC in both marine management and commercial investment activities.
The MEC theory and approaches may play a key role to balance both the ecological and economic benefits fromhuman marine activities.

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November 7, 17:10 (S1-11044)

Potential environmental changes in the western Arctic and the western North Pacific:
Their impacts on lower trophic level organisms
Naomi Harada, Katsunori Kimoto, Jonaotaro Onodera, Eiji Watanabe, Koji Sugie, Masahide Wakita and Tetsuichi
FujikiJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan. E-mail: haradan@jamstec.go.jp

The reduction of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean, which has progressed more rapidly than previously predicted, has
the potential to cause multiple environmental stresses, including warming, and acidification. For acidification,
the saturation horizon in the subarctic North Pacific has become the shallowest not only for aragonite but also
calcite (~150m) in the world’s pelagic ocean (Wakita et al., 2013, Biogeosciences, doi:10.5194/bg-10-78172013). Observations by time-series sediment trap experiments and model simulations have both helped to clarify
the impact of environmental stressors on the dynamics of marine organism processes and biogeochemical cycles.
In this presentation, we focus on the western Arctic, which has experienced the most rapid retreat of sea ice in
the Arctic Ocean, and the western subarctic North Pacific, where under-saturation of CaCO3 is causing problems
for marine calcifiers. We will report on the impact of the current reduction of sea ice on primary productionin the western Arctic Ocean, and identify the key mechanism of changes in biogeochemical cycles, namely
increased frequency of appearance of mesoscale anticyclonic eddies. We also introduce a new evaluation methodof acidification using micro X-ray computer tomography for marine calcifiers and represent their rapid response
associated with seasonal change in pH condition from the western subarctic North Pacific (maybe from the Arctic
Ocean, too).

November 7, 17:40 (S1-11408)

Future Global Ocean Observing System – Built on requirements, promoting alignment,delivering relevant information
Maciej Telszewski1, Toste Tanhua2 and Albert Fischer3
1
2
3

IOCCP, IO PAN, Sopot, Poland. E-mail: m.telszewski@ioccp.org
GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany
GOOS, IOC-UNESCO, Paris, France

Since the OceanObs’09 Conference, the ocean observing community has been improving coordination andcollaboration among physical, biogeochemical and biology/ecosystem communities. Significant progress has been
made through the introduction of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) Framework for Ocean Observing
in 2012. Societal and scientific requirements for sustained observations have been captured in Essential Ocean
Variables (EOVs), many of which are also essential climate variables (ECVs, defined by the Global Climate
Observing System (GCOS) reporting to the UNFCCC). Defined and emerging disciplinary EOVs are based on
analysis of feasibility and impact, and how they deliver the needed data for scientific questions and societal
requirements. With advances in observing technology, and the definition of EOVs, clear opportunities exist to
improve the coordinated planning and implementation of observing activities measuring across the three disciplines
and all relevant temporal and spatial scales, eventually leading to truly fit-for-purpose observing system design.
GOOS works directly with several formal bodies programmatically connected to IOC-UNESCO, WMO, as wellas the WMO-IOC JCOMM to integrate ocean observation information into the GCOS Implementation Plan insupport of the UNFCCC, the World Summit on Sustainable Development, the Group on Earth Observations, andother international and intergovernmental strategies.
In our opinion, a direct communication and coordination with regional communities such as PICES is necessary
to fully connect the opportunities arising in the decision and policy-making arena with technical developments
occurring globally and regionally. The 25th PICES Annual Meeting could serve as a platform for exactly that typeof communication and coordination.

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November 7, 18:00 (S1-11290)

Marine birds, mammals and PICES: History and roadmap for the future
William J. Sydeman1, George L. Hunt Jr.2, Douglas F. Bertram3, Yutaka Watanuki4, Rolf Ream5, Kaoru Hattori6,
Hidehiro Kato7 and Ken Morgan8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org;
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, JapanNOAA/NMFS, Seattle, WA, USA
Fisheries Research Agency, Kushiru, Hokkaido, JapanTokyo University, Tokyo, Japan
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, Sidney, BC, Canada

The PICES Section on Marine Birds and Mammals (MBM) began in 1995 as PICES Working Group 11, which was
charged with assembling information on the prey consumption by marine mammals and seabirds in the PICES area.
Their work culminated in the Advisory Panel for Marine Birds and Mammals (AP-MBM, now Section-MBM),
which has been active in the PICES community since 1999. In this presentation, we review the accomplishmentsof the AP/Section, including research foci, results of workshops and theme sessions held, and provide a roadmap
for future activities. Previous research has emphasized four interrelated themes: (1) diet analyses, estimates ofprey consumption, and top-down effects of MBM on pelagic food webs; (2) climate variability and change andbottom-up effects on MBM species and populations; (3) use of seabirds and marine mammals as ecologicalindicators for fisheries and ecosystem-based management, as well as sentinels of contaminants in marine systems;and (4) ‘hotspots’ and spatial ecology of seabirds and marine mammals in the North Pacific. Special volumes on
the spatial ecology of MBM and climate change impacts leave a legacy of previous workshop and theme session
efforts. As we look towards the future, integrating MBM into models of fisheries is an important next step, as ispredicting how climate change will impact MBM distribution and abundance. The signals provided by MBM also
continue to provide early-warning indicators of ecosystem change across the PICES domain.

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November 8
Plenary Session
Session 5
Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species Distributionsand Habitat Models based on Remotely Sensed Data
Session 6
What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?
Session 7
New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of Oceanic
Ecosystem including Fisheries Resources
Session 8 (Day 1)
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
Session 11 (Day 1)
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes in
the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future Directions

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November 8, 09:00 (S1-11394)

A reference frame of environmental time series observations for detecting change inNorth Pacific Ecosystems; the North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report
Phillip R. Mundy1, Peter Chandler2, J. Anthony Koslow3, Vladimir Kulik4, Se-Jong Ju5 and Hiroya Sugisaki6
1
2
3
4
5
6

NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA phil.mundy@noaa.gov
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center, Vladivostok, Russia
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Korea
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Japan

How can the scientific community inform other sectors of society about the extent of changes in the ecosystems of
the North Pacific? The complex task of detecting and describing ecosystem-level changes on a large geographic
scale across multiple scientific disciplines and nations is well suited to the capabilities of North Pacific Marine
Science Organization. On the 25th Anniversary of PICES we present a significant milestone in promotinginternational scientific cooperation on a mutually beneficial basis, which is a fundamental principle of the PICES
treaty. The third edition of PICES’ North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report, NPESR, establishes an international
network of scientists to provide observations for detecting changes and informing society about ecosystem-levelchange on timely basis. A total of 287 environmental time series composed of 28 different types of observations
were nominated by PICES standing committees and expert groups. The observations span the Large Marine
Ecosystems of the North Pacific, characterizing the current status of North Pacific marine ecosystems, anddocumenting changes due to factors such as industrialization and climate change. Time series selected for NPESR
are contributed directly by scientists through an online interface to a data management system that organizes theminto a data base. Queries of the data base can produce summaries and basic reports that serve the needs of the
newly formed NPESR Work Group that will construct NPESR during 2017. Highlights of time series demonstrate
the progression of 20th Century industrialization and responses of biota to short and long term climate fluctuations.

November 8, 09:30 (S8-11280)

Life rafts on the open sea: Successful long-term transoceanic transport of coastal marineorganisms by marine debris
James T. Carlton1, John W. Chapman2, Jonathan B. Geller3, Jessica A. Miller2, Gregory M. Ruiz4, Deborah A.
Carlton1, Megan A. McCuller1, Rebecca Barnard4, Nancy Treneman5 and Brian Steves4
1
2
3
4
5

Williams College - Mystic Seaport Maritime Studies Program, Mystic CT, USA. E-mail: james.t.carlton@williams.edu
Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, Newport OR, USA
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing CA, USA
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater MD, USA
University of Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston OR, USA

A vast number of objects from Aomori, Iwate, Miyagi, and Fukushima Prefectures − ranging from small household
items to buoys, vessels, and docks − have been arriving on the shores of North America and the Hawaiian Islands
since being sent into the North Pacific Ocean by the tsunami of March 11, 2011. Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris(JTMD) objects with living Japanese species are still arriving as of the date of this abstract submission on July
1, 2016. Examination of the biota associated with more than 650 objects (representing what is likely a small
fraction of the amount of debris with living biofouling that has in reality come ashore) has revealed 100s of
species of protists, invertebrates and algae, as well as two species of entrapped fish, which have successfully beentransported from the Western Pacific to the Central and Eastern Pacific Ocean. Mollusks, crustaceans, bryozoans,hydrozoans, and polychaete worms comprise the majority of rafted invertebrate species. Instances of long distancetransoceanic dispersal across the North Pacific are apparently so rare that we have no previous scientific records ofliving coastal species from Asia landing on the shores of North America or Hawaii by means of rafting. To assess
the relative novelty of JTMD we compare this vector to other phenomena, including pre-20th century Japanese
shipwrecks, historical and modern shipping (including hull fouling, solid ballast, and ballast water), and the 20th
century transoceanic commercial trade in Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas).

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November 8, 10:00 (S5-11358)

Making the most of satellite-derived oceanographic data and habitat use models tounderstand species distributions
Robert M. Suryan
Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
E-mail: rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu

Satellite-based remote sensing and tracking technologies have advanced our knowledge of global oceanographic
and atmospheric processes and species distributions to levels previously unimaginable. Integration of thesedatasets provide powerful tools for understanding species habitat associations over large, continuous spatial andtemporal scales. Satellite-based data, of course, are restricted to the surface layer and limited compared to in situ
sampling. The number of satellite derived metrics, however, continue to grow and are becoming more widelyused. The expansion of satellite-based metrics integrated with individual-based tracking data, has led to rapid
advances in species-habitat modelling efforts. Species-habitat models, take many forms and can provide muchneeded insight into environmental variables affecting species distributions, but are also not used to their fullest
potential – both applied or theoretically. The majority of satellite derived products are physical metrics, causing
challenges in attempts to relate to mid- and upper-trophic level biological processes. In many of our previous
studies using remotely sensed metrics, fair to large amounts of unexplained variance remain in understanding
habitat selection. Moving forward and making the most of what is available, we could gain additional insightby being creative and including study designs targeting habitat-use (what/where) vs. mechanisms of use (why/how). The latter, particular, has received less attention by those of us studying mid- to upper-trophic level species.
Continued advancement in this field of research will come from innovative study design in addition to advanced
sensors and novel quantitative approaches.

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S5: BIO/MONITOR/MEQ Topic Session:
Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species Distributions and Habitat Models based on Remotely Sensed Data
November 8, 10:50 (S5-10990)

Moving towards dynamic ocean management: How well do modeled ocean products
predict species distributions?
Elizabeth A. Becker1,2, Karin A. Forney1, Paul C. Fiedler3, Jay Barlow3, Susan J. Chivers3, Christopher A.
Edwards4, Andrew M. Moore4 and Jessica V. Redfern3
1
2
3
4

NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. E-mail: elizabeth.becker@noaa.gov
ManTech International Corporation, Solana Beach, CA, USA
NOAA, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Species distribution models (SDMs) are now widely used in marine conservation and management to predict
the occurrence of protected species. Dynamic habitat variables have commonly included in situ and remotelysensed oceanic variables (“measured data”), but now the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) provides
historical estimates and forecast predictions of habitat variables such as temperature, salinity, and mixed layer
depth. In this study we compare SDMs based on ROMS data to those based on measured data. Shipboard linetransect surveys during 1991-2009 were used to develop predictive habitat-based models of animal density for 11
cetacean species in the California Current Ecosystem. Four different generalized additive models were compared:
two that included a full suite of available predictors for ROMS or measured data, and two that were restricted tovariables available from both data sources. Model performance was assessed using the percentage of explained
deviance, root mean squared error, observed to predicted density ratios, and visual inspection of predicted andobserved distributions. Predicted distribution patterns and quantitative measures of predictive ability weresimilar for models using ROMS and measured data. Both model types showed good concordance with observed
sightings, and model-based abundance estimates for the study area were statistically similar to standard linetransect estimates. Measures of model uncertainty exhibited spatial variability that differed between model types,
and deserve careful consideration if model results are used for conservation management. ROMS-based habitat
models open new opportunities for dynamic species management because ROMS data are available in near realtime and as forecasts.

November 8, 11:10 (S5-11265)

Spatio-temporal patterns of potential fishing zones for Pacific saury in a warming climate
Achmad Fachruddin Syah1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh2, Irene D. Alabia2 and Toru Hirawake3
1
2
3

University of Trunojoyo Madura, East Java, Indonesia. E-mail: fachrudinsyah@gmail.com
Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: ssaitoh@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate Japan

Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is widely distributed in the subtropical and subarctic waters of the western North
Pacific. It also constitutes one of the most commercially-important pelagic fisheries in the region and its spatiotemporal distributions are tightly linked to the changes in environmental conditions. In the present study, we
predicted changes in the potential fishing zones (PFZ) for Pacific saury in western North Pacific under a warming
climate, using future sea surface temperature projections from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-CMIP5 RCP4.5 scenario. The future PFZ patterns were compared with the present-day distributions derived
from habitat model predictions. The habitat models were developed using the Pacific saury presence data from thenighttime visible images (August-December, 2005-2013) and remotely-sensed environmental factors. Our results
showed considerable changes in the spatial and temporal PFZ patterns under the warm climate, characterized
by an increasing degree of poleward displacement from 2025 to 2100. These projected tendencies in the PFZof Pacific saury may have consequent socio-economic implications that might be useful for designing fisheries
management strategies under global warming.
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November 8, 11:30 (S5-11220)

Modeling blue whale movement behavior in relation to environmental conditions in the
California Current from satellite tracking and remote sensing
Daniel M. Palacios1, Ladd M. Irvine1, Bruce R. Mate1, Elliott L. Hazen2,3, Karin A. Forney4, Elizabeth A. Becker4,
Monica L. DeAngelis5,6, Steven J. Bograd2 and Helen Bailey7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: daniel.palacios@oregonstate.edu
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
NOAA West Coast Regional Office, Long Beach, CA, USA
Current affiliation: Naval Undersea Warfare Center, Newport, RI, USA
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, MD, USA

We investigated the association between movement behavior and environmental conditions for blue whales(Balaenoptera musculus) satellite-tracked in the California Current System (CCS), using a long-term (1994-2009)
data set including 104 tagged whales. Daily whale locations and behavioral state probability, on a continuous scalefrom 0 to 1 corresponding to fast, directed movement (i.e. transiting) at one end, and slow, localized movement(i.e., area-restricted searching associated with foraging, ARS) at the other, were estimated for each track usingstate-space models. Because blue whales depend exclusively upon dense euphausiid (krill) schools for food, we
hypothesized that their movement behavior in the CCS reflects the variable, patchy nature of krill aggregations.
In the absence of adequate krill data, we used remotely sensed variables at each whale location as proxies formechanisms favoring krill aggregation. The data were aggregated into a single summer-fall (July-November)seasonal period and were further binned into 0.25° × 0.25° grid cells to reduce autocorrelation. Behavioral state
was predicted at each grid cell based on the environmental data using a nonparametric multiplicative regression
model. Predictions indicated an increased likelihood of ARS behavior over the continental shelf in association withwestward-facing slopes, highlighting the importance of seafloor terrain for blue whale foraging. Oceanographic
conditions associated with most intense ARS included low sea-surface height, increased Ekman upwelling, andelevated chlorophyll-a concentration. These responses indicate that blue whales optimize foraging behavior along
environmental gradients. As such, behavioral state can be a useful measure of ecological performance.

November 8, 11:50 (S5-11323)

Foraging patterns of Laysan Albatross from Guadalupe Island, Mexico and their relation
to oceanographic variables from the California Current System
Daniela Y. Munguía-Cajigas, Julio César Hernández-Montoya, Evaristo Rojas-Mayoral, Yuliana BedollaGuzmán, Federico Méndez-Sánchez and Alfonso Aguirre-Muñoz
Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. Moctezuma 836, Zona Centro, Ensenada, Baja California, México 22800
E-mail: evaristo.rojas@islas.org.mx

There are few studies that discuss marine foraging areas of seabirds nesting on Baja California Pacific Islands.
Therefore, we identified and classified Laysan Albatross (Phoebastria immutabilis; LAAL) foraging areas on
the Eastern Pacific—California Current region—using Kernel densities from GPS tracks, in combination withdifferent oceanographic variables. GPS devices were attached to 20 LAAL individuals from the Guadalupe
Island colony during the January to May 2014 season. Satellite composites of chlorophyll concentration, sea
surface temperature maps and the Pacific Environmental Fisheries Laboratory upwelling index were retrieved
from January to May 2014. We evaluated and mapped Kernel density estimates from 15 LAAL tracks around theNortheast Pacific Ocean. We also overlaid these tracks with mean chlorophyll concentration and mean sea surface
temperature maps. Kernel density maps indicate that 50% of the tracks are being recorded around Guadalupe
Island. High chlorophyll concentration, low sea surface temperature, upwelling conditions and zig-zag flights
were recorded during the first half of March 2014, off the coast of California, USA, from San Francisco Bay to
Santa Barbara Basin, and off the coast of Baja California, Mexico, from San Quintín Basin to Punta Eugenia.
Our results reveal a wide spatial distribution of LAAL from Guadalupe Island throughout the Northeast Pacific
Ocean, as well as the oceanographic features that encourage their foraging within this region, associated to highproductivity waters.

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November 8, 12:10 (S5-11217)

Submarine canyons and essential krill habitat: Implications for modeling distribution
patterns under climate change
Jarrod A. Santora, Jeffrey G. Dorman, Ramona Zeno and William J. Sydeman
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: jasantora@gmail.com

Remote-sensing of physical oceanographic conditions in species distribution models is ushering in new insights on
forage species to benefit dynamic habitat management strategies as well as studies of climate impacts. However,aside from including sea depth (or slope), most broad scale (i.e., 1000s km) species distribution models (SDM)
for pelagic species ignore the complexity of marine geological features, which are significant and relatively staticin comparison with sea surface temperature or Chl-a, variables typically used in SDM. The California Current
large marine ecosystem (CCE) is a productive upwelling ecosystem that is studded with complex submarine
canyon systems along its extensive shelf-break/slope habitat. Euphausiid crustaceans (‘krill’) are a linchpin of
the pelagic food web and identifying their essential habitat relative to SDM is paramount for forecasting aswell as current ecosystem-based management. Using 15 years of acoustic survey spanning the entire CCE andremotely sensed bathymetric features, we investigate krill distribution relative to submarine canyons, specificallysize dimensions (length, area, and width), orientation and depth variability (rugosity). Krill aggregations wereassociated with submarine canyons in CCE, but krill aggregations were not found at all canyons, and there wereweak relationships between aggregation size and canyon characteristics. Nonetheless, the importance of thesestatic bathymetric features to krill and perhaps other mesopelagic species must be considered in SDM.

November 8, 14:00 (S5-11219)

Forecasting bycatch and ship strike risk for dynamic ocean management in the California
Current
Elliott L. Hazen1,2, Kylie L. Scales1,2, Dana K. Briscoe3, Steven J. Bograd1,2, Larry B. Crowder3, Rebecca Lewison4
and Sara Maxwell5
1

2

3
4
5

NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Environmental Research Division, 99 Pacific St. #255, Monterey, CA, 93940, USA.
E-mail: Elliott.hazen@noaa.gov
UC Santa Cruz, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology/Institute of Marine Sciences, 100 Shaffer St., Santa Cruz, CA,
95060, USA
Stanford University, Hopkins Marine Station, 120 Ocean View Blvd, Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA
San Diego State University, Department of Biology, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
Old Dominion University, Department of Biology, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA

Highly migratory species are inherently difficult to manage as they cross human-imposed jurisdictional boundaries
in the open seas. Given that many species undertake seasonal migrations, management approaches require dataon changes in their distribution and abundance through time. Top predators face spatially-explicit threats such as
ship-strike risk, from which blue whales in the California Current are particularly at risk, and fisheries bycatch.
Here we present two tools that integrate data from satellite tags, in situ sightings, and fisheries bycatch records
together with Earth Observation remote sensing to develop near-real-time spatial management approaches forthreat mitigation. First, we estimate monthly densities of endangered blue whales (Balaenoptera musculus) for use
in establishing dynamic management areas. These predictions incorporate seasonal changes in habitat, and can beused to minimize overlap with potentially harmful human activities more precisely. Second, we examine fisheries
bycatch risk in the California Current for a number of species including sea lions (Zalophus californianus),
leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea), blue sharks (Prionace glauca), and the target species, swordfish(Xiphias gladius). While still in the formative stage, this EcoCast tool uses habitat models and risk weightings toestimate catch / bycatch ratios in near-real-time. These approaches could be applied to other migratory species
for which telemetry, survey, or bycatch data are available, and demonstrates the utility of satellite data for marine
conservation and management.

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November 8, 14:20 (S5-11197)

Seasonal distribution of short-tailed shearwaters and their prey in the Bering and Chukchi
seas
Bungo Nishizawa1, Kohei Matsuno2, Takashi Yamamoto3, Elizabeth A. Labunski4, Kathy J. Kuletz4, Atsushi
Yamaguchi1 and Yutaka Watanuki1
1

2
3
4

Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan
E-mail: nishizawa@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Australian Antarctic Division, Kingston, Tasmania, Australia
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, JapanUS Fish and Wildlife Service, 1011 E. Tudor Road, Anchorage, AK 99503, USA

The marine ecosystems of the Bering Sea and adjacent Chukchi Sea are experiencing rapid changes due toreductions in sea-ice. Short-tailed shearwaters Puffinus tenuirostris visit this region between the summer and fall
during non-breeding season. Understanding the links between seasonal distribution, their prey (i.e., krill) and themarine environment are crucial to predicting ecosystem changes. We tracked the migratory movements of 19 and24 birds in 2010 and 2011 respectively, using geolocators, and conducted ship-based at-sea surveys including
net sampling of krill during September 2012 and July 2013 in the Bering and Chukchi seas. Tracked individuals
occupied the southeastern Bering Sea from May to July in both 2010 and 2011. In August–September 2010 68%
of individuals moved into the Chukchi Sea but only 38% did in 2011 when SST was 2oC colder. Shearwater’s
distribution based on survey data showed similar patterns; shearwaters were mainly distributed in the southeastern
Bering Sea (60±473 birds km-2) in July 2013 and in the Chukchi Sea (19±91) in September 2012. In the Chukchi
Sea, the krill size was greater in September 2012 (9.6±5.0 mm) than in July 2013 (1.9±1.2). Within the Chukchi
Sea in September 2012 shearwaters occurred more frequently in 50-km cells where large krill was more abundantwith warmer SST. These findings suggest the seasonal northward movement of shearwaters might be associatedwith the seasonal increase of large krill and SST in the Chukchi Sea. Thus this study indicates the importance ofkrill as a prey of top-predators in the Arctic ecosystem.

November 8, 14:40 (S5-11283)

Relationships between seabird, tuna, and dolphin foraging aggregations and El NiñoSouthern Oscillation in the oceanic eastern tropical Pacific
Trevor W. Joyce1,2, Robert L. Pitman2 and Lisa T. Ballance1,2
12

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: twjoyce@ucsd.edu
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, La Jolla, CA, USA

An important feature of the eastern tropical Pacific ecosystem is the prevalent association of multispecies seabird
feeding aggregations with schools of tunas and dolphins. This association is particularly strong in the TropicalSurface Water Mass (TSW), where feeding aggregation densities exceed mean densities in adjacent equatorialand subtropical surface waters by factors of 3.23 and 4.57, respectively. Changes in the distribution, density, andcomposition of these feeding aggregations in response to El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) may provide
insights into mechanistic oceanographic drivers of this important feature of the TSW biological community. In
this study we developed generalized additive models (GAM) to predict density of feeding aggregations using 8
years of National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration transect survey data (1988 – 2006, 1343 days atsea, 3966 feeding aggregations). During positive-phase ENSO events, there was a 54% mean reduction in densityof tuna-dolphin associated feeding aggregations within the core geographic area of the eastern Pacific warm pool(delineated using Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer sea surface temperature remote sensing products).
Conversely, the density of these feeding aggregations increased within the typically upwelling-dominated Gulf ofTehuantepec and Costa Rica Dome during positive-phase ENSO events. Tuna play a critical role in mediating thesefeeding aggregations. Changes in the foraging depth and behavior of tuna in response to vertical displacementsof mixed layer depth during ENSO events constitute hypothesized mechanisms for these changes in an importantfeature of the eastern tropical Pacific ecosystem.

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November 8, 15:00 (S5-11110)

Climate change impacts on distribution patterns of boreopacific gonate squid (Boreoteuthis
borealis) in the Northwest Pacific
Vladimir V. Kulik, Oleg N. Katugin and Mikhail A. Zuev
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: vladimir.kulik@tinro-center.ru

All data including positive and zero catches of the North Pacific highly abundant and widely distributed pelagicsquid Boreoteuthis borealis were taken from the database “Marine Biology” (TINRO-Center) and Global
Biodiversity Information Facility.
Two groups of species distribution models (SDM) were tuned for the squid in the Pacific area between 35°63°N and 141°-180°E. The first group of SDMs utilized 10 bioclimatic variables (annual mean, range, variance,and extreme values for temperature and salinity) and geophysical variables (bathymetry and its complexity:
components of aspect, slope, concavity of the seafloor, and plan and profile curvature, as well as distance fromshore) obtained from “MARSPEC” database. The second group of SDMs was designed for forecasting on thebasis of future values of sea surface temperature and salinity obtained from A1B, A2, B1 Intergovernmental Panelon Climate Change scenarios for the late 21st century available in “Bio-ORACLE” database.
We compared 5 methods: Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt), Generalized Additive Models, Random Forest, Support
Vector Machines and Bayesian SDMs using Gaussian processes. Model performance was estimated using Area
Under the receiver operator Curve (AUC) on the 25% out of sample (test) cases. In all test cases, MaxEnt showed
the lowest AUC around 0.5; however, the other four SDMs had much higher AUC within 0.8-0.9. Although far
from ideal, mean current and future projections from these four SDMs, weighted by AUC, appeared close to
known distribution patterns of the squid.

November 8, 15:20 (S5-11327)

Salmon prey assemblages and oceanographic conditions along the California Current
shelf ecosystem
Whitney Friedman1,2, Brian Wells1, Jarrod Santora3, John Field1, Richard Brodeur4, David Huff5 and Isaac
Schroeder2,6
1

2
3
4

5

6

Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. E-mail: whitney.friedman@noaa.gov
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA USA
Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Fisheries Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
Fisheries Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Hammond, OR, USA
Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA

Early ocean entry is a critical life-history period for juvenile Chinook salmon out-migrants whose early survival is
known to be affected by the availability of suitable prey on the shelf. We describe the distribution of marine forage
assemblages relative to biogeographic and oceanographic conditions in the California Current shelf ecosystem(36’N to 47’N, <200m). Nekton samples were collected during annual mid-water trawls conducted from MayJune by the SWFSC and NWFSC, 2011 - 2015. Oceanographic data at the time and location of each sample, as
well in monthly time steps up to five months prior to samples, were derived from the Data Assimilative Regional
Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the U.S. Navy FNMOC surface atmospheric pressure database. We used
nonmetric multidimensional scaling to characterize differences in assemblages between samples. Regressiontree analysis of the ordination revealed a set of southern sites that were characterized by high upwelling andshallower depth of the 26.0 isopycnal 4 months prior to the trawl, and stronger transport during the time of
the trawl. Northern sites were characterized by weaker upwelling and deeper 26.0 isopycnal 4 months prior to
the samples. Our model agrees with prior results showing that early upwelling pre-conditions the system andthat transport during sampling relates to retention in the region. Using generalized additive modeling, we foundthat krill abundance was best explained by regional preconditioning. This work extends prior research to relate
oceanographic and biogeographic variables relative to juvenile Chinook salmon forage assemblages along a wider
range of the California Current ecosystem.
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November 8, 15:40 (S5-11215)

Eastern Bering Sea seabirds shift distributions in response to timing of sea-ice retreat
George L. Hunt, Jr.1, Jarrod Santora2, Martin Renner3, Lisa Eisner4, Sigrid Salo5 and Kathy Kuletz6
1
2
3
4
5
6

University of Washington, Seattle WA, USA. E-mail: geohunt2@uw.edu
University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Tern Again Consulting, Homer, AK, USA
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, USA

In the eastern Bering Sea, the timing of sea-ice retreat varies interannually and provides the opportunity to examine
the impacts of a warmer (earlier sea-ice retreat) Bering Sea on its ecosystem. Recent work has shown significant
impacts of sea-ice-retreat timing on the recruitment of shelf copepods, euphausiids and walleye pollock (Gadus
chalcogramma). Here, we contrast the summer distributions of seabirds in the eastern Bering Sea in years withearly and late sea-ice retreat. In the southeastern portion of the shelf, where there is considerable variation in
the extent and duration of sea ice, we found there was a strong tendency for seabirds that use the Inner Shelf
Domain in years with late ice retreat to shift offshore in years with early ice retreat, and for species that forage off
the shelf in years with late ice retreat to move toward the shelf, or onto the shelf, in years with early ice retreat.
Similarly, on the north central portion of the shelf, between 58º and 61ºN, seabird distributions showed a shift
from having concentrations along the 50 m isobath in years with late sea-ice retreat to concentrations along the
100 m isobath in years with early sea-ice retreat. Changes in seabird distributions over the southeastern shelf
appear to reflect variability in the abundance and/or availability of large copepods, euphausiids and age-0 pollock;
factors underlying the shifts in the northern region are not known.

November 8, 16:20 (S5-10996)

Bioclimatic velocity for walleye pollock in the Bering Sea
Irene D. Alabia1, Jorge Garcia Molinos1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh1 and Toru Hirawake2
1
2

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: irenealabia@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan

Evaluating the species-specific responses of key fishery resources to environmental changes is essential to marine
spatial planning and informed management decisions. In the Bering Sea, walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus)
is among the most ecologically-important and abundant commercial fish species. Based on 23 years of datafrom the NOAA summer bottom trawl surveys (1993-2015) and satellite-derived environmental variables, wedeveloped species distribution models to explore the rate at which the suitable habitat distribution of walleye
pollock has shifted under recent historical climate change, i.e., its bioclimatic velocity. Our approach accounts
for the important element of climate connectivity between past and current habitats by identifying the speed anddirection of change in suitable habitat over time. When interpreted within the context of species’ exposure andsensitivity to climate change, our results can help inform current conservation and management practices in theregion, and improve future predictions of this economically and ecologically important species.

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November 8, 16:40 (S5-11142)

Forecasting the flock: Using species distribution models to evaluate the effects of climatechange on future seabird foraging aggregations in the California Current System
Dorothy M. Dick1,2, Jaime Jahncke2, Nadav Nur2, Julie Howar2, Jeannette E. Zamon3, David G. Ainley4, Ken H.
Morgan5, Lisa T. Ballance6 and David Hyrenbach7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. E-mail: doridick14@gmail.com
Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, USA
NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hammond, OR, USA
H.T. Harvey and Associates, Los Gatos, CA, USA
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA
Department of Oceanography, Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, HI, USA

Ocean management and conservation in the face of climate change depends on robust understanding of current
relationships between species and their environment. This study built spatially-explicit models to identify
multispecies seabird foraging aggregations (‘hotspots’) in the California Current System and assessed how
locations may shift due to climate change. Models for 30 species were built and validated using 15 years (19972012) of seabird survey data from multiple cruises spanning the California Current combined with predictor
variables derived from bathymetric and remotely-sensed oceanographic data as well as climate indices. We
predicted species-specific relative densities during February, May, July and October under three scenarios: current
conditions and increases of sea surface temperature (SST) by 0.6°C and by 2.0°C, based on ocean warming
estimates from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change 5th Assessment. For future scenarios, we assessedcurrent relationships between SST, sea surface height (SSH) and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a), and used
these relationships to predict future SSH and Chl-a while increasing SST. Predicted relative densities wereaveraged across years, standardized and, based on predicted sensitivity to SST increases, species were split at the50th percentile. Species in the upper 50th percentile were split further by foraging ecotype (diving foragers andsurface feeders). Standardized predicted means were averaged by foraging ecotype to create scenario-specificmultispecies hotspot maps by month. Results suggest suitable foraging habitat will shift offshore and north, diving
and surface feeders will be the most sensitive to a changing climate, and some seamounts may retain suitable
habitat in the future.

November 8, 17:00 (S5-10967)

Adaptive improvement of habitat suitability index (HSI) model for neon flying squid incentral North Pacific by using ocean forecasts and real-time fishery reports
Hiromichi Igarashi1,2, Yoichi Ishikawa1, Tsuyoshi Wakamatsu1, Yusuke Tanaka1, Masafumi Kamachi1, Norihisa
Usui3, Mitsuo Sakai4, Sei-ichi Saitoh2 and Yutaka Imamura5
1
2

3
4
5

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. E-mail: higarashi@jamstec.go.jp
Laboratory of Marine Environment and Resource Sensing, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate,
Hokkaido, Japan
Oceanographic Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
Hachinohe Station, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan
Fisheries Research Institute, Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Hiranai-machi, Tsugaru-gun, Aomori, JapanThe neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) has a wide-spread distribution in subtropical and temperatewaters in the North Pacific, which plays an important role in the pelagic ecosystem and is one of the major targets
in Japanese squid fisheries. We have constructed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for neon flying squidusing the Japanese commercial fishery dataset collected during 1999-2012 and 4D-VAR ocean reanalysis data set
FORA. Also, we have developed a 4D-VAR ocean data assimilation system “SKUIDS” (Scalable Kit of Undersea Information Delivery System) for forecasting ocean environmental changes in the summer fishing groundlocated in the central North Pacific (35-45N, around the date line). By using the HSI model and SKUIDS, wehave produced daily HSI maps of the neon flying squid and provided them to the Japanese commercial vessels
in operation. In this study, we developed a method of an adaptive improvement of HSI model by using real-time
daily fishery reports provided from the squid fishermen. The HSI model constructed in advance were sequentiallymodified in operation. We investigate the HSI model performances before and after modification and compare
them. The remarkable improvement can be seen in the sequentially modified HSI model in which the informationof ocean environments in the actual fishing ground was reflected. The results suggest that the adaptive modificationof the HSI model could be practically useful for the accurate estimate of the potential fishing zone.
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November 8, 17:20 (S5-11364)

Use of a potential habitat model to reduce uncertainty in surveys of Pacific sardine
Juan P. Zwolinski1,2 and David A. Demer2
12

University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA (affiliated to SWFSC). E-mail: juan.zwolinski@noaa.gov
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA

Estimating the abundances of mobile and patchily distributed fish populations requires judicious use of resources.
In 2011, a model of the potential habitat of the northern stock of Pacific sardine off the West coast of the US was
created to better guide the sampling effort during surveys using acoustic-trawl and daily egg-production methods.
Using a 12-year data set of sardine presence and satellite-derived environmental data, the model indicated thatsampling efforts could have been better allocated if only regions deemed statistically likely to include sardine
were surveyed. Increased sampling effort in areas potentially including sardine reduces both sampling bias andvariance. Since 2012, spring surveys for Pacific sardine have been designed with consideration of near real-time
potential habitat maps, moving away from the traditional fixed-area approach. Due to the variable environment in
the northeast Pacific during 2011-2016, the potential habitat model results motivated the sampling of considerably
different survey areas, year-to-year. This strategy was particularly beneficial during this period when the sardine
population and its migration contracted. If the survey sampling had not been guided by the results of the potential
habitat model, then the population would not have been sampled with the traditional fixed-area design, and theresults of the spring 2015 and 2016 surveys would have erroneously indicated undetectable population abundances.
We conclude that when sampling highly mobile and patchy populations, habitat-based survey designs mitigate
potential bias due to changes in environmentally-driven population distributions. This is especially importantwhen populations are small and sampling resources limited.

November 8, 17:40 (S5-11353)

Integrating species environmental thresholds to explore species interactions andparameterize multi-species models
Matthew R. Baker1, Kirstin Holsman2 and Anne Hollowed2
1
2

North Pacific Research Board, Anchorage, AK, USA. E-mail: Matthew.Baker@nprb.org
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Projected climate change will influence the distribution of species, alter competitive and predatory interactions,and shift the volume and configuration of marine environments. Individual species respond in distinct ways that
present implications for species interactions. Predicting responses to climate-driven change requires knowledgeof habitat associations, resource preferences, and environmental tolerances. This paper presents an approach toestimate climate impacts on the spatial distribution of species and relative volume of distinct marine habitats in the
Bering Sea. Our approach extends the habitat envelope approach to evaluate species distributions over cold andwarm phases and to develop models that consider the influence of multiple environmental factors on the distributionof dominant fish in the ecosystem. Random forest approaches were used to determine the marginal importance of asuite environmental variables to the abundance of select forage and groundfish. A bootstrapped regression model
was then applied to distinguish distinct breakpoints on variable gradients and determine threshold tolerances.
Using a ROMS model, we defined habitat volume within distinct temperature tolerance ranges. We then applied
covariates of habitat extent, range overlap, and prey availability to multispecies model hindcasts. This was used
to evaluate the extent to which inclusion of environmental correlates improve fit and explain recruitment deviates
as a function of density dependent constraints and competitive and predatory interactions. Results reinforce theimportance of developing Species Distribution Models (SDMs) and demonstrate how integrating results withclimate data might better inform shifts in habitat volume and species overlap in ways that improve stock forecasts.

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S6: POC/MEQ/MONITOR/BIO Topic Session
What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?
November 8, 10:50 (S6-11058)

Response of commercial fisheries and a top predator to long-term ecosystem fluctuationsin the western North Pacific Ocean off northeastern Japan
Masashi Kiyota and Shiroh Yonezaki
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: kiyo@affrc.go.jp

An adequate understanding of the ecosystem state with respect to its historical change is important in evaluating
the potential impacts of environmental and anthropogenic factors. We analyzed long-term commercial fisheries
data and dietary records of northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) to better understand the ecosystem changes in
the western North Pacific off northeastern Japan. Fisheries in this region are highly diverse, deploying a variety offishing methods and landing marine species spanning a wide range of trophic levels. Total commercial catches
showed two peaks around 1960 and during the 1980s. Species composition of the catches changed over time
being affected by many factors including large-scale environmental shifts. The shifts from “mackerel-dominant
regime” in the 1970s to “sardine-dominant regime” in the 1980s resulted in large fluctuations in the mean trophic
level of the catches. Impacts of fisheries on their ecosystem can be evaluated through the comparison of regional
Ecopath models. Northern fur seals prey on pelagic, mesopelagic, and demersal fishes and squids during theirwinter migration. The standardized occurrence probabilities of fishes and squids in their stomachs revealedchanges in prey abundance related to the decadal shifts in oceanographic regimes. Stable isotope analysis of
the fur seal tissue samples demonstrated the top predator foraged at a lower trophic level during the “sardine
dominant regime”, suggesting simplification of the food web and shortening of the food chain. In contrast, prey
diversity increased with the switch in fur seal diet from a predominance of pelagic fishes to various mesopelagic
micronektons in the 1990s.

November 8, 11:10 (S6-11338)

Trophodynamic drivers of global fisheries catchCharles A. Stock1, Jasmin G. John1, Ryan R. Rykaczewski2, Rebecca G. Asch3, William W.L. Cheung4, John P.
Dunne1, Kevin D. Friedland5, Vicky W.Y. Lam4, Jorge L. Sarmiento3 and Reginald A. Watson6
1
2
3
4
5
6

NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA. E-mail: Charles.Stock@noaa.gov
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
University of British Columbia, Nereus Program, Vancouver, BC, Canada
NOAA/Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett, RI, USA
University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australlia

Photosynthesis fuels marine food webs yet differences in fish catch across marine ecosystems far exceed
differences in net primary production (NPP). We examine drivers of this contrast by combining global fish catchand fishing effort data with outputs from a prototype high-resolution global Earth System Model (ESM). Stark
inter-regional differences in fish catch per unit area can be explained with an energy-based model that a) considers
dynamic inter-regional differences in benthic and pelagic energy pathways connecting phytoplankton and fish, b)
depresses trophic transfer efficiencies in the tropics, and c) associates elevated trophic transfer efficiencies withbenthic-predominant systems. Model catch estimates are generally within a factor of two of values spanning twoorders of magnitude. The same mechanisms explaining dramatic regional catch differences in the contemporary
ocean amplify projected catch trends relative to NPP, suggesting the potential for large regional catch differences
under climate change.

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November 8, 11:30 (S6-10947)

Juvenile Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi) trophic linkages in the Strait of Georgia, British
Columbia
Jennifer L. Boldt1, Matthew Thompson1, Chris Rooper2, Chrys Neville1, Doug Hay3, Jake Schweigert3, Rusty
Sweeting1, Jaclyn Cleary1 and Marc Trudel1123

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: Jennifer.Boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Emeritus, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasi; herring) are an important prey species for a variety of predators, such as
Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Herring are also important to First Nations communities and thecommercial fishing industry. Annual recruitment of herring can vary substantially and new recruits can represent
a large proportion of the adult population biomass, adding uncertainty to population estimates. Scientific
literature provides increasing evidence that survival during early life history stages is important for determining
fish survival and recruitment. Biotic factors that may affect juvenile herring abundance and distribution include
zooplankton prey availability, abundance of predator and competitor species, and disease. Abiotic factors that
may affect spawning times and distribution (advection) of larvae include changes in ocean temperatures, riverdischarge, and coastal circulation. Understanding how these factors affect herring recruitment and survival might
improve forecasts of year class strength and knowledge about their role in the food web. We explored factorsthat may influence juvenile herring abundance and condition in the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia (BC),which may in turn affect recruitment to the adult herring population and prey availability to predators. Previous
analyses indicated that age-0 herring abundance varied inter-annually with high abundances in recent, evennumbered years. Also, there was an increasing trend in fish condition during 1997-2010. We explored potential
ecological and trophodynamic linkages between herring, their prey, predators, and the environment. Investigating
the dynamics of ecological linkages among pelagic species will improve our understanding of these valuablespecies in BC’s marine ecosystems.

November 8, 11:50 (S6-11168)

Role of small copepod in four genera (Calocalanus, Clausocalanus, Farranula andOithona) in South China Sea fisheries resources conservation
Lianggen Wang, Feiyan Du, Xuehui Wang, Jiajia Ning, Yangguang Gu, Yafang Li, Xingxia Wang and Yuanyuan
Zheng
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, PR China. E-mail: lung1984@163.com

Small plegic copepod(<1mm in length) are the important diets of larval fish and some carnivorous or omnivorous
macro-zooplankton. The relationships between four genera(Calocalanus, Clausocalanus, Farranula andOithona) and larval fish, hyperiid and krill were analyzed on the net data obtained during seasons of 2013 and2014. Four genera were 22.5% of zooplankton in individual number. The first dominant species of every genera
were Calocalanus styliremis, Clausocalanus furcatus, F. gibbula and O. plumifera with high dominant index
more than 33.6%. The abundance distribution of four genera and hyperiid, krill and larval fish were similar.
The seasonal abundance distributions changed along with the surface current driven by monsoon reversal. The
community structure of the four genera was affected by larvae of hyperiid, krill and fish. The result of GAM
analysis showed that the abundance of larval fish was affected by F. gibbula, C. styliremis, O. plumifera, O. tenuis
and Clausocalanus minor; the abundance of larval hyperiid was affected by C. furcatus, C. laticeps, C. minor and
C. arcuicornis; the abundance of larval krill was affected by C. furcatus, C. laticeps, C. minor, C. styliremis andO. plumifera. The abundance of larval fish, larval hyperiid and larval krill could be predicted by those species in
the four genera. It is concluded that the four genera would provide some food for some larval fish in South China
Sea. The relationship between small copepod and hyperiid (krill) need future research.

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November 8, 12:10 (S6-10981)

A comparison of trophic linkages across the PICES region, based on Continuous Plankton
Recorder data
Sonia Batten1, Mark Hipfner2, Steve Moffitt3 and Scott Pegau4
1

2
3
4

Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), c/o 4737 Vista View Cres., Nanaimo, BC, V9V 1N8, Canada
E-mail: soba@sahfos.ac.uk
Pacific Wildlife Research Centre, Environment Canada, Delta, BC, Canada
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Cordova, AK, USA
Oil Spill Recovery Institute, Cordova, AK, USA

The CPR Survey samples lower trophic levels at large spatial scales, with at least seasonal resolution. The timeseries is in its seventeenth year and long enough to compare with longer lived, higher trophic levels. Here weshow examples of linkages between plankton and fish/seabirds and explore the role of ocean climate variability:
1. In the Aleutian Islands region between 2000 and 2012 the abundance of diatoms and large copepods have odd/
even year cycles that demonstrate top down control by pink salmon. In years with a high pink salmon density,
large copepods are significantly less abundant (presumably consumed by salmon) reducing the grazing pressure
on diatoms which are consequently more abundant. The relationship between salmon and plankton appears to
break down after 2012.
2. There are strong correlations between Cassin’s auklet chick growth rates and zooplankton density near the
breeding colony of the planktivorous seabird in northwestern BC. Timing and abundance of the larger lipid-richcopepods are influenced by SST, with variability in the time series between cold years such as 2008 (high chick
growth), and warm years (influenced by El Nino or the Blob) such as 2005, 2010 and 2015 (low chick growth).
3. The abundance of small zooplankton and diatoms explains patterns of interannual variability in first year Pacificherring growth on the Alaskan shelf. Shifts in prey seasonality between warm and cold years suggest that youngof-the-year herring may grow better in warm years because the timing of key prey is a better match for their first
feeding.

November 8, 14:00 (S6-11129)

Linear and non-linear responses of marine and coastal fish populations to physics andhabitat: A view from the virtual world
Kenneth A. Rose
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA. E-mail: karose@lsu.edu

Many issues related to effective management of marine and coastal areas require understanding of how physicaldynamics (physics and habitat) can directly and indirectly (through lower trophic levels) affect the dynamics
of fish and other consumers. Examples include climate patterns, spatial restrictions on harvest, and ecosystem
restoration. The types of questions being asked increasingly require full life cycle (multi-generational) predictions
and explicit consideration of spatial variation; indeed, the theory seems to be lagging the management demands. I
review several modeling analyses that simulated population responses to changes in physics and habitat: sardine
and anchovy in the California Current, delta smelt in the San Francisco Estuary, shrimp in coastal Louisiana,
herring around the North Pacific, and spiny lobster in Florida Bay. The mix of types of perturbations and linear andnon-linear responses will be synthesized to look for generalities. One generality already identified is the importanceof knowing the movement cues and patterns of these consumers. Individuals respond by altering their movement,
thereby making indirect effects resulting from the changed physics and habitat very important. Differences inmovement responses greatly affect the magnitude and predictability of the population-level responses. Hopefully,
by the time of the conference, my synthesis of these various modeling methods and results will enable discussionof some general conclusions, and I will also offer some ideas on the emerging field of “movement ecology” andits important role in assessing physics and habitat changes on fish and shellfish populations.

154

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November 8, 14:20 (S6-10872)

Effects of freshwater discharge and tidal currents on zooplankton aggregations in the
coastal Sea of Okhotsk
Konstantin Rogachev and Natalia Shlyk
V.I. Ill’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: rogachev@poi.dvo.ru

The Sea of Okhotsk hydrography is changing as the result of rapid regional warming and freshening. Academy
Bay and the Shantar Archipelago in the northwestern Sea of Okhotsk are well known feeding grounds forbowhead whales. We studied the physical and biological oceanographic characteristics that make this Bay alucrative feeding ground. Here we use CTD casts, Argos drifters and mooring data collected in 2003, 2004 and2013 to examine the relationship between hydrography and the aggregation of the dominant zooplankton species(copepods Calanus glacialis and pteropods Limacina helicina), focusing on a significant hydrological freshening
event that occurred in 2013 coastally in the Sea of Okhotsk. Variation in tidal and subtidal advection of Okhotsk
Sea shelf water with high salinity (density) that contained copepod and pteropod aggregations was the mostimportant process influencing variation in plankton concentrations. Cross-isobaths compression of copepods
coupled with the maintenance of their vertical position due to sinking is proposed as the main mechanism that
results in zooplankton accumulation on the bottom slope. Data collected in 2013 indicate that the upper layer of
the Okhotsk Sea was ~ 4–5 psu fresher than in 2004, and this was associated with a major freshwater discharge
event in 2013. Here we show that this reduction of salinity is accompanied by a significant decrease in abundanceof copepods and pteropods in the Bay. We surmise that freshening and strengthening of the coastal circulation is
the major cause of the reduction of zooplankton abundance.

November 8, 14:40 (S6-11284)

Cryptic trophic connections to juvenile salmon survival are revealed by a zooplankton
time series
Julie E. Keister1, Marc Trudel2,3, Jennifer L. Boldt2, Bethellee Herrmann1, Mara S. Zimmerman4 and Matthew
Thompson2
12
34

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Email: jkeister@u.washington.edu
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, WA, USA

A copepod community time series from the Strait of Juan de Fuca (between the U.S.A. and Canada) shows strong,
linear correlations with survival of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) that return to Puget Sound, Washington.
The correlations are of interest to fisheries managers, but the mechanisms driving the copepod community varianceand their link to coho survival are not clear. Mysteriously, an important component of the correlation is an evenodd or “see-saw” pattern in the copepod community composition and in coho salmon survival (higher in evenyears) that is not related to any known physical or chemical change in the environment. That pattern seems to becontrolled by competition and predation within the trophic web, and is not likely a direct link from the copepods
to the salmon since copepods are not a primary component of juvenile coho diets. Instead, the relationship may
indicate an indirect link that is controlled by the abundance of other fish in the system, and their selective feedingon components of the zooplankton community. The relative abundance of juvenile herring from the Strait ofGeorgia (Canada) also shows a see-saw pattern, suggesting that multiple fish species may be linked to the copepod
time series through dietary overlap and/or direct predation. In this presentation, we will explore the patterns andlinkages among the trophic levels in an attempt to draw a mechanistic connection between the copepod time series
and salmon survival.

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November 8, 15:00 (S6-11123)

New insights on the trophic diversity of pelagic “forage species” in the central North
Pacific and Northern California Current ecosystems
C. Anela Choy1, Jeffrey J. Polovina2, Bruce H. Robison1
12Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA. E-mail: anela@mbari.org
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, USA

Determining and ranking the importance of predator-prey interactions to characterize the overall flow of biomass
and energy within a system is a central tenet of ecosystem-based fisheries management. Managers and ecologists
are increasingly challenged by this task for vast pelagic ecosystems from which a large global majority ofmarine fish species are commercially harvested. Traditionally, pelagic forage species have been identified using
a combination of gut content analyses and midwater trawling inventories. Both of these approaches favor the
inclusion of structurally robust organisms or those with remnant hard parts (e.g., otoliths, vertebrate, beaks) suchas fishes and squids. Here, we take a relatively novel approach to monitor important trophic linkages within two
important Pacific Ocean pelagic ecosystems. In the central North Pacific (waters around Hawaii), we use theabundant midwater predator, longnose lancetfish (Alepisaurus ferox), as a high-resolution, multi-year biologicalsampler of midwater communities. In the northern California Current (waters of Monterey Bay), midwatercommunity survey and collection methods center on multi-decadal, remotely operated vehicle video operations.
Combining key findings from both approaches, we evaluate the long-term stability of the pelagic forage baseby linking to other subtropical Pacific ecosystem work, and along the way expand traditional ideas of importantpelagic “forage species” to include commonly overlooked soft-bodied dominants such as siphonophores, tunicates,
medusae, polychaetes, among others. Before reaching a holistic understanding of how large pelagic ecosystems
respond to climate variability and anthropogenic forcing, a more detailed understanding of the overall trophic
structure is needed.

November 8, 15:20 (S6-11264)

Modeling recruitment variability of Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) using an individualbased model
Hitomi Oyaizu1, Satoshi Suyama2, Shin-ichi Ito1, Daisuke Ambe3, Takahiko Kameda3, Takeshi Terui4, Michio J.
Kishi5 and Sachihiko Itoh1
1
2
3
4
5

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: hitomi_oyaizu@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hachinohe, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is a commercially and ecologically important pelagic fish in the North Pacific.
Fishing pressure from countries along the western North Pacific is recently increasing and thought to influence thestock abundance. However, the variability in stock abundance cannot be explained solely by fisheries catch. The
recruitment rate shows marked interannual fluctuations, which are likely related to the environmental variability inboth the spawning and feeding grounds. In the present study, an individual-based model combining a bioenergetics
model and migration model is used to examine the recruitment variability of Pacific saury. We parameterize themortality rate with the length, weight, condition factor and instantaneous growth rate and test the performance ofeach parameterization by comparing the model and observation results. The growth-rate frequency distribution of
the high-growth-rate group and their growth trajectories in the model are generally consistent with those estimatedfrom the field samples. In the presentation, we will show how the recruitment variability is explained by eachparameterization and compare the model results with existing hypotheses on saury recruitment.

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November 8, 15:40 (S6-11119)

A comparison of Bering Sea ecosystem energy pathways in warm versus cold years
Kelly Kearney1, Al Hermann1, Ivonne Ortiz2 and Kerim Aydin2
12

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Email: kelly.kearney@noaa.gov
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

In the Bering Sea, variability in ecosystem energy pathways is strongly influenced by interannual variability inphysical factors such as temperature and stratification. In particular, earlier sea ice retreat coupled with warmer
waters leads to later phytoplankton blooms that favor pelagic energy pathways over benthic ones. Here, we look
more closely at the mechanistic linkages connecting physical factors to primary and secondary production, and to
growth and recruitment of forage fishes in the Bering Sea. We do so using a set of coupled models: the Bering 10K
ROMS domain, which simulates physical dynamics using a 10-km-resolved regional ocean model; the BESTNPZ(Bering Ecosystem Study NPZ) biogeochemical model, which simulates nutrient and energy exchange between
primary producers, detrital and benthic pools, and zooplankton; and the FEAST (Forage and Euphausiids inSpace and Time) model, which simulates the bioenergetics, predator/prey interactions, and fisheries losses forseveral forage fish species. The Bering10K-BESTNPZ-FEAST complex is run for two one-year simulations,representing a warm year (2005) and a cold year (2009), with a focus on comparing the magnitude and timing ofprimary production and propagation of that production to higher trophic levels.

November 8, 16:20 (S6-10974)

Caught in the middle: Top-down impact of seabirds on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus
tshawytscha) is dependent on bottom-up mechanisms
Brian K. Wells1, Jarrod A. Santora2, Mark Henderson3, Peter Warzybok4, Jaime Jahncke4, Russell W. Bradley4,
David D. Huff5, Isaac D. Schroeder6,7, Peter Nelson6,8, John C. Field1 and David G. Ainley8
1

2
3
4
5

6
7

8

Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. E-mail: brian.wells@noaa.gov
Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
California Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, United States Geological Survey, Humboldt State University, Arcata, CA, USA
Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, USA
Fisheries Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Hammond, OR, USA
Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA
H.T. Harvey & Associates Ecological Consultants, Los Gatos, CA, USA

Many marine predators are capable of switching prey or foraging areas in response to changes in available forage.
For waters of coastal central California from 1983-2012, we related time series of environmental conditions, forage
species availability, juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) survivorship, and the abundance of apredator, common murre (Uria aalge), to show that prey switching can have significant consequences to salmon.
85% of common murre prey by number is young-of-the year rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) and adult northern anchovy(Engaulis mordax) and there is dramatic switching between the two (r = -0.94) when regional oceanographic
conditions transition to less productive respectively. During less productive oceanographic conditions (e.g., weak
upwelling), common murre foraged closer inshore and in larger aggregations, where they preyed predominantly
on adult northern anchovy but as a consequence consumed juvenile salmon at a rate as great as 9%. Thus, outmigrating juvenile salmon on the shelf during such years were subject to significantly increased predation rates
and significantly reduced population survival. These results support earlier findings that show timing and strengthof upwelling, and the resultant forage assemblage, is related to Chinook salmon recruitment variability in the
CCE, but here we demonstrate the significant top-down impacts associated with these bottom-up dynamics.
We also provide valuable insights into connections between the physical environment in marine and freshwater
systems and the CCE food web, which can be used to parameterize ecosystem models and develop benchmarks
and thresholds to evaluate likely outcomes of ecosystem-based management options.

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November 8, 16:40 (S6-10969)

Shoreward intrusions of Kuroshio waters may influence the recruitment of a top predator
in river ecosystems
Yoichi Miyake1, Aigo Takeshige1, Hikaru Itakura2, Akira Yoshida3 and Shingo Kimura1
1
2
3

The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: miyakey@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Kobe University, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Fishery (Hamanako Branch), Japan

Top predators play vital roles in ecosystems. The Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica, is considered to be one of thesepredators in river ecosystems of Japan and is of economic importance in East Asian fisheries. In early life stages,
they are transported near coastal habitats by the Kuroshio. Mechanisms involved in the recruitment of juveniles(glass eels) from this current remain unknown. Shoreward migration of the early life stages of marine fish species
reportedly occurs with warm water intrusions from the Kuroshio, although clear relationships have not been
demonstrated. This study therefore aimed to elucidate the relationship between recruitment of A. japonica glass
eels and shoreward intrusions of Kuroshio current waters. As a proxy for the recruitment of glass eels, catches in
Lake Hamana, which is an estuary on the southern coast of Japan, from the 1965-2014 fishing seasons (DecemberApril) were used. When a westward intrusion of Kuroshio water occurs coastally, it raises the water temperature
at Shirahama, located east of Lake Hamana, and consequently increases the water temperature difference between
Shirahama and Lake Hamana. As a proxy for the intrusions of Kuroshio waters, the mean water temperature
differences between these sites during fishing seasons were used. The catch of glass eels tended to be greater whenthe mean water temperature difference was greater, suggesting detrainment and shoreward migration of glass eelsfrom the Kuroshio through the warm water intrusions. The shoreward intrusions of Kuroshio waters may thus
influence river ecosystems by supplying juvenile top predators into coastal and estuarine waters.

November 8, 17:00 (S6-11078)

Temporal variability of net primary production drives global patterns of structure andfunction across multiple marine ecosystems
Adam J. Schlenger1, Simone Libralato2 and Lisa T. Ballance1
1
2

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: aschleng@ucsd.edu
National Institute of Oceanography and Experimental Geophysics (OGS), Sgonico, Italy

Primary productivity is generally considered to be an important driver of ecosystem structure and function. To
investigate this relationship, we derived ecosystem-wide estimates of net primary production (NPP) from satellite
data and compared them to estimates of biomass, a measure of ecosystem-level structure and function, for thesesame ecosystems based on trophic models of energy inputs and storages (Ecopath). Our analysis was based on
42 ecosystems across all oceans of the world, spanning 130˚ of latitude, and including multiple ecosystem types(reefs, upwelling, estuaries, shelfs, open ocean). Contrary to expectations that average NPP plays a dominant rolein driving ecosystem dynamics, biomass showed a weak positive relationship with average NPP (R2 = .18), but
stronger unimodal relationships with interannual (R2 = 0.27) and seasonal variability (R2 = 0.4) in NPP, peaking
at intermediate levels. These patterns suggest that temporal variability of NPP affects ecosystem structure andfunction in a way that is independent and potentially more important than average NPP. Results also indicate that
there are universal energetic principles that drive ecosystem structure and function despite major environmental
differences between systems. We used three earth system models to derive measures of oceanic NPP along witha three-dimensional model calculated from the combined relationships between biomass, and interannual andseasonal variability (R2 = 0.46) to estimate global distributions of biomass. The predictive model was applied tofuture emissions scenarios to predict spatial patterns in biomass trends over the next century. These models predictlarge-scale ecosystem change in the Arctic, north Atlantic, equatorial Pacific, and Indian oceans.

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November 8, 17:20 (S6-11175)

Suboptimal thermal conditions and spatial mismatch between predators and prey andmay limit walleye pollock growth under climate change.
Kirstin Holsman, Elizabeth Siddon Anne Hollowed, Kerim Aydin, Jim Ianelli and André Punt
National Marine Fisheries Service NOAA AFSC, USA. E-mail: kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov

Taxonomically disparate, non-linear relationships among physical conditions and marine species, ecosystem
structure, and productivity portends dynamic and complex responses to future climate conditions, particularly
in arctic and subarctic systems where climate change is expected to have the strongest effects. Because species
exhibit differential response to changing conditions, climate change has the potential to induce mismatch between
predators and prey production rates. We used multiple future projections of physical conditions and lower trophic
level productivity in the Bering Sea (AK) under climate change to evaluate the bioenergetic scope for growth ofjuvenile walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus). While net production of zooplankton prey was high under
future conditions, our projections portend marked reductions in future growth potential over the next 50-100
years due to (1) suboptimal thermal conditions for pollock growth and (2) spatial mismatch between hotspots ofzooplankton prey and focal areas of pollock growth. In contrast, hindcasts of physical conditions and prey exhibit
reveal multiple years of widespread pollock growth potential across the Bering Sea shelf. These results highlightthe potential for phenological and spatial mismatch between marine consumers and lower trophic production
under climate change.

November 8, 17:40 (S6-11302)

Comparing the roles of physical context and food web structure among continental shelfecosystems using intermediate complexity end-to-end models
James J. Ruzicka1, Kenneth H. Brink2, Dian J. Gifford3 and Frank Bahr2
123

Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: jim.ruzicka@oregonstate.edu
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA

A major feature distinguishing the dynamics of different shelf ecosystems is the physical context and its role
in regulating the productivity and resilience of trophic guilds. Physical fluxes determine nutrient input rates,
export of plankton and detritus production, water residence times, and regulate nutrient recycling. How importantis consideration of physical context relative to food web structure (composition and connectivity between
trophic guilds) to understanding ecosystem dynamics and resilience? We apply a general physically coupled,intermediate complexity end-to-end model platform to study the dynamics of four representative continental
shelf ecosystems: an eastern boundary upwelling system (Northern California Current), a coastal downwellingsystem (Coastal Gulf of Alaska), a shallow offshore system (Georges Bank), and a semi-enclosed system (North
Sea). Each differs in food web structure and the rates and relative importance of advection and mixing exchange
within and across ecosystem boundaries. A common trophic guild definition was applied to each food web, fromindependently published sources, to allow direct comparisons. We tested the null hypothesis that within similar
physical environments there are no significant differences among ecosystems with respect to the productivity oftrophic guilds nor response to physical perturbation. We find that under set assumptions of detritus recycling andzooplankton migration, rates of physical flux of nutrients into and plankton export from each ecosystem have large
consequences for productivity across all trophic levels and the resilience of whole ecosystems. Simulations also
indicate that food web structural differences do play a role in trophic guild response to alternate physical settings.

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S7: POC/TCODE/MEQ Topic Session
New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of Oceanic
Ecosystem including Fisheries Resources
November 8, 10:55 (S7-11383)

Ocean acidification: What can species responses tell us about ecosystem consequences?
Steve Widdicombe
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, United Kingdom. Email: swi@pml.ac.uk

As carbon dioxide (CO2) enters the oceans it reacts with seawater driving a series of chemical changes; reduced
pH (acidification), increased levels of dissolved CO2 (hypercapnia) and reduced carbonate saturation states. Thesechanges, collectively known as “Ocean Acidification” or OA, have accelerated as atmospheric CO2 levels haveincreased. Once these long-term changes in marine carbonate chemistry were recognised, their potential impacts
on marine organisms became the focus of international research. It is now clear that OA can impact significantly
upon the health and function of many marine organisms. In particular, biological processes such as acid-basebalance, calcification, growth, reproduction and immune function have been shown to be strongly affected.
All of which could have a significant impact on the functioning of individuals and the long-term sustainabilityof populations. In addition to these direct effects, there is growing evidence that ocean acidification can affectthe biological processes which control animal behaviour and the interactions that occur between predators andprey. It is clear that these changes could also lead to significant changes in the structure and function of marine
communities and ecosystems. This has prompted new efforts to scale up this wealth of information on individual
species or processes to predict the impacts of OA on whole ecosystems. This presentation will introduce some ofthe experimental and modelling approaches now being employed to try and achieve this scaling up.

November 8, 11:25 (S7-11170)

Coastal zone acidification and bivalves: Carbonate chemistry complexity, high frequency
variability, and organism interactions, oh my!
George G. Waldbusser1, Iria Gimenez1, Stephanie R. Smith1,2 and Burke Hales1
12

Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
E-mail: waldbuss@ceoas.oregonstate.edu
Current Address: Scripps Institute of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA

Acidification in the coastal zone continues to receive growing attention due to the reliance of many marine resourceson the near-shore and complexity in understanding biological-chemical interactions. While some disagreement
remains about the importance of acidification in some systems, failure to embark upon the research challenges
presented by this global effect acting locally will put critical resources at risk. In this talk I will present threebrief examples of work within my group addressing the challenges of understanding the effects of an increasingbaseline of anthropogenic carbon in estuarine environments. First, the immediate challenges with interpreting
biocalcification responses to experimental manipulations will be presented. By re-interpreting existing experimental
data I will differentiate responses of biocalcification to saturation state with respect to calcium carbonate and thesubstrate-inhibitor ratio, SIR (or [HCO3-]/[H+]). These two values are typically perfectly correlated due to thethermodynamics of the marine carbonate system. Initial analysis of existing data suggests, in bivalves, saturation
state and not SIR is controlling calcification rates. Next, a model we have termed OASIS (Ocean Acidification
Stress Index for Shellfish) will be presented that predicts survival of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) larvae ina hatchery setting exposed to naturally variable conditions. The potential applicability of model application tohigh-frequency monitoring data will be discussed. Finally, field data of high-frequency PCO2 measurements within
and outside seagrass beds, and concurrent growth experiments with juvenile Pacific oysters will be presented that
illustrates the positive benefits of seagrass on oyster growth and complex PCO2 dynamics within these habitats.

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November 8, 11:55 (S7-11146)

Effects of ocean acidification on temperate coastal marine ecosystems and fisheries in the
Northeast Pacific
Rowan Haigh1, Debby Ianson2, Carrie A. Holt1, Holly E. Neate1,3 and Andrew M. Edwards1,3
1

2
3

Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
E-mail: Carrie.Holt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, P.O. Box 1700, Station CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada

The northeast Pacific Ocean has naturally relatively acidic waters due to ocean circulation, and so may beparticularly vulnerable to ocean acidification (OA). Fisheries in this region play key economic and cultural roles
and provide significant employment, especially in rural areas. Although direct impacts on a variety of commercially
important species have been assessed extensively, the indirect impacts across trophic levels have not beensynthesized. We analyzed available data up to 2014 to provide a description of the marine ecosystem, focusing
on vertical distributions of commercially harvested groups in the context of local carbon and pH conditions. We
then evaluated the potential impact of OA on this temperate marine system using available studies. Our results
highlight significant knowledge gaps. Above trophic levels 2–3 (where most local fishery-income is generated),
little is known about the direct impact of OA, and more importantly about the combined impact of multi-stressors,
like temperature, that also varies as our climate changes. There is evidence that OA may have indirect negative
impacts on finfish through changes on lower trophic levels and habitats, and through increasing the prevalence offish-killing algal blooms that can affect the lucrative salmon aquaculture industry. On the other hand, some speciesof locally farmed shellfish have been well-studied and exhibit significant negative direct impacts associated with
OA, especially at the larval stage. We summarize the direct and indirect impacts of OA on all groups of marineorganisms in this region and provide conclusions, ordered by immediacy and certainty.

November 8, 14:00 (S7-11279)

The 2016 NOAA west coast ocean acidification cruise
Richard A. Feely1, Simone R. Alin1, Nina Bednarsek2, Wiley Evans3, Debby Ianson4, Dana Greeley1, Brendan
Carter2, Julian Herndon1 and J. Martin Hernandez-Ayon5
1

2
3
4
5

NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
E-mail: Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Oceans, Seattle, WA 98194, USA
Hakai Institute, BC, Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana-Ensenada, Ensenada, Baja California,
MexicoThe NOAA Ocean Acidification Program (OAP) West Coast Cruise, conducted along the west coast of North
America during the spring of 2016, revealed oceanographic conditions that varied significantly from our previous
NOAA ocean acidification cruises. Starting in late 2013, open-ocean surface waters in the northeast Pacific began
to warm up by as much as 2–3 °C above normal due to the lack of strong storms and subsequent cooling. This
warm pool, commonly known as “the Blob,” lasted throughout all of 2015 and into early 2016. Within the Blob
open-ocean pCO2 values were generally about 40–50 µatm higher than normal. In the coastal region, the seasurface temperature (SST) values were generally lower in the latter half of 2013 and early 2014 due to coastal
upwelling, but that changed in the late summer and fall of 2014 when the coastal waters also had anomalously
high SST values as a result of the Blob moving onshore and warming the subsurface waters. By spring of 2016,the very high SST anomalies had dissipated but the surface and subsurface waters generally remain warmer thannormal by 1-2°C. Corrosive waters off California were shallower than 75 m in all near-shore waters north ofMonterey Bay. However, corrosive, low pH waters (Ωar < 0.9; pH < 7.7) reached the surface at the innermost
station near the entrance to San Francisco Bay due to strong winds favorable to upwelling. On our OAP cruises,
this is the furthest south we have observed corrosive waters at the surface.

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November 8, 14:20 (S7-11108)

Respiration and enhanced ocean acidification in the hypoxic zone off the Changjiang
estuary
Jinwen Liu1,2, Minhan Dai1, Xu Dong1,2 and Hongjie Wang1
12State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: jinwenliu@tio.org.cn

This study examines the interplay between the respiration and ocean acidification in a hypoxic zone off the
Changjiang estuary in the East China Sea. Based on five cruises conducted off the Changjiang estuary in April,June, July, August and October 2011, with the strategy of better defining the evolution of the hypoxia, we observed
seasonal variations in both dissolved oxygen (DO) and pHT (total scale, 25oC) in the subsurface water. The hypoxic(or low DO) center was located at 123oE, 31oN with its bottom DO of 2.07 mg L-1 in August, which was a big
contrast to the DO level of 8.34 mg L-1 in April. Accompanied with the hypoxia was the decrease of the bottom
pHT from 8.08 in April to 7.68 in August. Both the variations in DO and pHT were closely related to the aerobic
respiration of organic material. Indeed, the subsurface community respiration rate increased from 0.3-1.0 μmolO2
L-1 day-1 (in April) to 1.4-6.5 μmolO2 L-1 day-1 (in August) around the hypoxic (or low DO) center. In order toexamine in a quantitative way how the respiration affects ocean acidification, or pHT decrease, a simple pHT-DO
simulation model under pre-industrial, present and future CO2 scenarios was adopted. The results suggested pHT
decrease induced by the uptake of anthropogenic CO2 was 0.138 units from pre-industrial era to present day,which would further increase to 0.230 units by the year 2100. In the DO-depleted scenarios, the maximal pHTdrops mediated by aerobic respiration were 0.336 to 0.402 and to 0.489 units for pre-industrial era, present day
and year 2100 respectively. If we considered the stimulation of elevated temperature on respiration (Q10=3) andassumed that DO would not be depleted due to limited water residence time (40 days), the subsurface pHT would
drop by another 0.21 units due to respiration in the future compared with the present. These results suggest thatin the future, more pHT-drops would be caused by elevated aerobic respiration activity and high CO2 levels. The
coastal water off Changjiang estuary will become more vulnerable to hypoxia and ocean acidification in the future.

November 8, 14:40 (S7-11228)

Ocean acidification and increased temperatures reduce young-of-the-year red king crab
(Paralithodes camtschaticus) survival, but not growth or morphology
Katherine M. Swiney, W. Christopher Long and Robert J. Foy
National Marine Fisheries Service, Kodiak, Alaska 99615, USA. E-mail: katherine.swiney@noaa.gov

Multiple stressor studies are needed to better understand the effects of oceanic changes on marine organisms. To
determine the effects of near-future ocean acidification and warming temperature on young-of-the-year red kingcrab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) survival, growth, and morphology, we conducted a long-term (184 d) fully
crossed experiment with two pHs and three temperatures: ambient pH (~7.99), pH 7.8, ambient temperature,
ambient +2ºC, and ambient +4ºC, for a total of 6 treatments. Mortality increased with both reduced pH and by
higher temperatures, but interpretation of the multistressor effects is not straightforward as a clear trend was notobserved. A synergetic effect was observed; the pH 7.8 and ambient +4°C temperature treatment had the lowest
survival, with only 3% surviving to the end of the experiment. However, antagonistic effects were observed in
the pH 7.8 ambient +2°C temperature treatment; the mortality in this treatment was less than the mortality of eachof the stressors individually. Despite the effects on mortality, neither decreased pH nor increased temperature
had an effect on growth or morphology. The results of this study combined with other studies suggest that ocean
acidification and warming may have profound negative effects on red king crab populations in the upcoming
decades unless the species is able to quickly adapt or acclimate to changing conditions.

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November 8, 15:00 (S7-10998)

Interactive effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on Pacific herring (Clupea
pallasi) early life stages
Cristina Villalobos, Brooke Love, Brady Olson and Leo Bodensteiner
Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA. E-mail: villalc@wwu.edu

The synergy of ocean acidification and warming may lead to negative marine organism responses not apparent
under single climate change stressors. While adult fish are effective acid-base regulators and presumed to be lessaffected by environmental stressors, early developmental stages may be more susceptible. Pacific herring are
ecologically and economically important forage fish native to the U.S. Pacific Northwest. My study focused on
the combined effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on Pacific herring embryo and larval development.
Pacific herring embryos were incubated under temperature (13°C, 19°C) and ambient (~ 400 ppm), moderate (~800 ppm), and high (~ 1600 ppm) pCO2 treatments. Development was monitored during a two-week period andhatched larvae were preserved to determine length and weight measurements. The combination of high pCO2 andhigh temperature may reveal greater developmental aberrations previously not observable under single stressors.
Preliminary observations indicate herring reared under high pCO2, for both temperature treatments, experienced
delayed hatching compared to herring reared in the ambient and moderate pCO2 treatments. This study will further
aid our understanding in how interactive environmental stressors affect Pacific herring embryology and future
herring populations.

November 8, 15:20 (S7-10934)

Nutritional and ocean acidification effects on larval growth of a North Pacific flatfish
Thomas P. Hurst1, Benjamin J. Laurel1, Eric Hanneman2, Scott A. Haines1 and Michele Ottmar1
1

2

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
E-mail: thomas.hurst@noaa.gov
Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA

Multiple aspects of climate change are expected to co-occur such that ocean acidification will take place inconjunction with warming and a range of trophic changes. Previous studies have demonstrated that nutritional
condition plays a significant role in the responses of invertebrates to ocean acidification, but similar studies have
yet to be conducted with marine fishes. In this study, we examined the potential interactive effects of elevated
CO2 levels and nutritional stress on the growth and development of northern rock sole (Lepidopsetta polyxystra).
Separate experiments examined the effects of these two environmental stressors during the pre-flexion (3-31 days)
and post-flexion (31-87 days) larval stages. In both stages, larval feeding regime has a much larger impact on
growth rates than did CO2 level, and there was no observed interaction between stressors. By 31 days post-hatch,larvae in the high feeding treatment were 84.2% heavier than the fish in the low feeding treatments, but there wasno significant effect of CO2 level on body size or condition. While overall growth rates were faster during thepre-flexion stage, the effects of food limitation were greater for post-flexion larvae undergoing metamorphosis,
with high feeding treatment fish being 3.3 times as heavy as fish in the low feeding treatments. These results haveimportant implications for understanding the impacts of the multi-faceted nature of climate change on population
productivity of commercial fish species in the North Pacific.

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November 8, 15:40 (S7-11068)

Identifying potential ecosystem effects of ocean acidification using size structured food
web models
Jonathan Reum1, Kirstin Holsman1, Kerim Aydin1, Anne Hollowed1 and Julia Blanchard3
1
2

NOAA Alaska Marine Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: Jonathan.Reum@noaa.gov
University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia

In the last decade progress made in terms of quantifying the effects of ocean acidification (OA) on individual-levelparameters (e.g., body growth and survival rates), but modeling approaches are needed to scale empirical results
up to populations and food webs and to evaluate potential changes in the ecosystem services they provide. Here,
we use a model of intermediate complexity, a multispecies size-spectrum model, to evaluate the effects of OA on
one of the most productive shelf systems in the world, the Eastern Bering Sea. Size spectrum models are basedon the observation that marine predators generally consume smaller sized prey. Importantly, system dynamics
emerge from individual-level processes (growth, predation, survival, reproduction) that are determined by a small
set of parameters that can be tuned to reflect OA scenarios. The models offer a strong conceptual framework forlinking OA impacts on individual-level parameters to food web-level consequences. We formulated three sets of
OA hypotheses to examine using the model: OA will (1) alter phytoplankton productivity and size structure; (2)reduce the productivity of zooplankton and benthic invertebrates with calcifying body parts; and (3) exact higher
metabolic demands on certain fish species. We show the individual and interactive effects of the hypotheses on
emergent properties of the food web (e.g., community size structure, species diversity) and on the harvest of
economically important flatfishes and gadoids. Predicting OA impacts on food webs remains a daunting challenge,
but size-based models offer promising strategic tools that may aid decision making under future climate conditions.

November 8, 16:20 (S7-11412)

Ocean acidification research in the United Kingdom: Scaling from chemistry to commercial
fisheries
John K. Pinnegar1,2, Silvana Birchenough1, Clare Ostle2,3 and Phil Williamson2
1
2
3

Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft, UK. E-mail: john.pinnegar@cefas.co.uk
School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science (SAHFOS), Plymouth, UK

Scientific work on ocean acidification is being carried out by a wide range of UK research centres, university
groups, and government bodies. In 2010 most of that effort was brought together under the UK Ocean Acidification(UKOA) research programme, a £12.4 million, five-year initiative funded by Defra, DECC and NERC. In thisinvited talk, we review the main outputs from this integrated programme as well as subsequent work (the PLACID
initiative) that has aimed to sustain monitoring programmes and to investigate consequences for commercial
shellfish.
Both observations and modelling show that seawater CO2 levels vary over an annual cycle between 200 – 450 ppm
and collated measurements seem to suggest a long-term decline in pH over the past 30 years, whereby North Sea
pH has decreased at a rate of around 0.0035 pH units per year. A coupled physical-ecosystem model was used toproject future values for pH and aragonite saturation state for the North Western European Shelf and this suggeststhat surface waters will start to become under-saturated gradually from around 2030 and more rapidly from 2080.
Laboratory experiments have been conducted on a wide variety of commercial shellfish species (lobsters, scallops,
cockles, whelks) to determine possible vulnerabilities. This has revealed that some commercial species seem highly
sensitive whereas other are robust. This talk will conclude with a description of recent modelling activities thathave aimed to ‘scale up’ from laboratory experiments to consequences for populations, food-webs and fisheries.
We provide estimates of regional and national economic impacts for the UK aquaculture and fisheries sectors.

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November 8, 16:50 (S7-11239)

Effects of ocean acidification on growth of juvenile Japanese surf clam Pseudocardium
sachalinense
Masahiro Hayashi1, Ryota Suwa1, Chiho Kishida1, Yusuke Watanabe1, Yasushi Minowa1, Kozue Nishida2, Atsushi
Suzuki3 and Yukihiro Nojiri412
3
4

Marine Ecology Research Institute, Kashiwazaki, Japan. E-mail: hayashi@kaiseiken.or.jp
The University Museum, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan
Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

Many previous studies have reported that ocean acidification could give negative influence on marine calcifiers.
However, the influences of ocean acidification on edible marine species, especially on cold-water species, arepoorly understood. We therefore studied the effects of five levels of pCO2 (400, 600, 800, 1,000, and 1,200 µatm)
during 20 weeks on stable isotope compositions of shell and growth in juvenile Japanese surf clam. The clam
is important in local fisheries and inhabits on the upper subtidal sandy bottom in northern Japan. Stable carbon
isotope composition (δ13C) of the shells collected from the external margin of the outer shell layer showedsignificant positive correlations with pH (R = 0.56, p < 0.05). The regression slope of the relationship between
shell δ13C and pH was roughly the same as that between δ13C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of seawaterand pH, and calcification of the experimental specimens might strongly affected by acidified seawater. Thus,by measuring δ13C of molluscan shell and DIC of seawater, it might be possible to estimate the contribution ofacidified seawater to calcification. We found no significant effect of elevated CO2 on weight (whole body, shell,and soft tissue), shell length, shell width, and shell height during experiments. However, shell thickness at a region
that grew during experiments thinned in a pCO2-dependent manner. These results suggest that Japanese surf clamwith thinner shells likely to be more vulnerable to fracture under ocean acidification and predation. Therefore
reduction of the clam population in the future is concerned.

November 8, 17:10 (S7-11235)

Sustainability of crab fisheries with ocean acidification uncertainty in Alaska
Robert J. Foy1, W. Christopher Long1, Katherine M. Swiney1, Andre Punt2, Michael Dalton3 and Shannon Meseck4
1
2
3
4

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Kodiak, AK, USA. E-mail: Robert.Foy@noaa.gov
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
Northeast Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Milford, CT, USA

The long term sustainability of commercial crab stocks is uncertain as environmental variability in the eastern
Bering Sea is expected to increase specifically due to climate change and ocean acidification. A multi-yearlaboratory study was conducted to assess the physiological response of southern Tanner crab (Chionoecetes
bairdi) during early developmental stages to changes in pCO2 (+440 µatm [-0.3 pH units] and +1,260 µatm [-0.6
pH units] from ambient) based on long term climate predictions. Response variables included embryologicaldevelopment; larval and juvenile survival, morphology, growth, and calcium content; and adult calcium content
and hemocyte function. Most embryos failed to hatch in the second year of the study when exposure began
during oocyte development. Similarly, larval survival decreased when the oocyte developmental stage was
exposed to corrosive conditions. Growth, calcification, and survival were reduced at the juvenile stage. In adults,changes in hemocyte pH suggested increases in energetic costs associated with immune functions. Laboratory
survival results were subsequently used to inform stock assessment and bioeconomic models to predict effects on
biological and economic reference points. Low juvenile survival led to decreased estimates of mature biomass anda >50% decrease in catch and profits within 20 years after ocean acidification reaches levels that may affect natural
mortality in the Bering Sea. Measuring basic physiological responses is necessary for predicting the sustainabilityof crab stocks and coastal fisheries as climate and ocean acidification changes increase in the North Pacific.

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November 8, 17:30 (S7-11273)

Anticipated impacts of ocean acidification on local societies in Japan
Masahiko Fujii
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: mfujii@ees.hokudai.ac.jp

Ocean acidification has recently been shown to affect marine ecosystem services and human activities such as
fisheries, aquaculture, tourism and recreation. However, the impacts are expected to differ between sites in Japan.
For example, most of coral reefs exist in Okinawa Prefecture in which tourism is a major local industry. On one
hand, around 50% of marine calcifiers and 60% of shellfish in Japan are caught or cultured in Hokkaido Prefecture
where fisheries is one of the main industries. Thus ocean acidification may widen regional gaps of economic
conditions and pose a social security threat in future by damaging specific local industries. Things might be further
complicated because suitable habitats for the calcifiers are projected to become sandwiched between migrating
northern and southern limits regulated by global warming and ocean acidification, respectively. To alleviate theanticipated impacts on local societies, community-based adaptive strategies as well as global mitigations are
required,. These strategies will only be achieved after consensus building among various stakeholders including
citizens, policy makers and both natural and social scientists.

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S8: MoE/MEQ/TCODE Topic Session
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
November 8, 16:25 (S8-10866)

Responding to the debris generated by the Great Tsunami of 2011
Nancy Wallace
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA. E-mail: nancy.wallace@noaa.gov

The Great Tsunami of 2011 in Japan washed an unprecedented amount of debris into the Pacific Ocean. In themonths after the tsunami, there was a growing concern about the impacts of the debris on North American shorelines.
The NOAA Marine Debris Program led the coordination efforts in those early months and the following years toaddress those impacts. Federal, state, and local agencies as well as non-governmental partners and academia came
together and made great strides to limit the effects on sensitive ecosystems from the debris as it arrived. Efforts
focused on detection, modeling, monitoring, response planning, removal of debris and communication activities.
The effort was greatly supported by the generous monetary gift from the Government of Japan. Important lessons
were learned through about how to respond to significant debris events in the future. This work was the pre-cursor
to the PICES project ADRIFT Funded by the Ministry of Environment of Japan.

November 8, 16:40 (S8-11193)

Drift simulation of Japan Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD) as an application of data
assimilation
Masafumi Kamachi1, Hideyuki Kawamura2, Yoichi Ishikawa1 and Norihisa Usui3
1
2
3

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technoogy, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: kamachimasa@jamstec.go.jp
Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Toukai-mura, Japan
Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan

A drift simulation on the movement of the marine debris has been conducted by a Japan Modeling Group(JAMSTEC, JAEA, MRI) in order to examine the positions in the North Pacific, landing positions, and landing
date on the coast after the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred on March 11, 2011. The simulation has been
done under the Japan National Project and the MoE-PICES ADRIFT Project. The potential locations of the marine
debris were determined using numerical simulations with an ocean data assimilation system MOVE/MRI.COMWNP and –NP, a coupled atmosphere-ocean data assimilation system K7, and an ocean dispersion model SEAGEARN. Data assimilation and dispersion methods, current and wind fields, effects of windage, and comparison
with sighting observation will be reported.

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November 8, 17:00 (S8-11242)

Modeling the drift of marine debris generated by the 2011 tsunami in Japan
Nikolai Maximenko1, Amy MacFadyen2 and Masafumi Kamachi3
1

23International Pacific Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA.
E-mail: maximenk@hawaii.edu
Emergency Response Division, NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, Seattle, WA, USA.
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan

More than five years after the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake in Japan, marine debris generated by the tsunami(JTMD) continues washing on shorelines of North America and Hawaii. A team of oceanographers at the Universityof Hawaii, US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Japan agencies (MeteorologicalResearch Institute (MRI), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC) and Japan Atomic
Energy Agency (JAEA)), supported by the Japan Ministry of Environment through a PICES project, used a suiteof numerical models to interpret observational reports of JTMD boats, skiffs and small ships. By the end of 2014
the dataset included 277 reports from multiple sources at sea as well as from the coastlines of Japan, Canada andthe United States. The core of the study comprised 79 boats that landed on the US/Canada west coast between
40 and 51N and were used to calibrate/validate three numerical models. By optimizing model parameters, wewere able to successfully reproduce all major peaks of boats arrivals in the North American shores. This excellent
correspondence between the models and observations allowed us to calibrate model solutions and estimate thatapproximately 1000 boats were lost at a time of the tsunami, out of which 60-70% were still floating in the ocean(mainly in the “garbage patch” area). Given a good condition of found boats, they will likely continue washingashore for many future years. Also, new techniques developed in the project allowed us to estimate probable
pathways of individual JTMD items.

November 8, 17:20 (S8-11073)

The NOAA Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment Project: Four years of effort in
the U.S. Pacific States
Sherry Lippiatt1,2, Carlie Herring1,3 and Nancy Wallace3
1
2
3

I.M. Systems Group; Rockville, MD, USA. E-mail: sherry.lippiatt@noaa.gov
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Debris Program; Oakland, CA, USA
U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Marine Debris Program; Silver Spring, MD, USA

The Marine Debris Monitoring and Assessment Project (MDMAP) is a citizen monitoring initiative that engages
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Debris Program (MDP) partners and volunteers acrossthe nation to report on the amount and types of marine debris on shorelines. Over four years of surveys following
the earthquake and tsunami in Japan (March 2012 – February 2016), a total of 211,709 debris items were recorded
at 91 sites on U.S. Pacific shorelines. Items that appear in the top ten list for surveys across all states include plastic
rope and net, bottle/container caps, food wrappers, and plastic beverage bottles. On a per-survey basis, the greatest
number of items was recorded on shorelines in Hawai’i compared to the other states. At 100-m accumulation
survey sites, 862 items were recorded per survey in Hawai’i, roughly ten times more debris than West Coast sites
and five times more than Alaska. In Alaska, California, and Oregon, plastic consumer items were at least twice
as common as plastic fishing-related items. In Hawai’i, plastic fishing items were slightly more common thanplastic consumer items, whereas in Washington there was an equal split between the two user categories. The
MDP recently launched a “Get Started Toolbox” (https://marinedebris.noaa.gov/research/monitoring-toolbox) toassist volunteers with training, provide access to resources, and encourage the sharing of results. Programs suchas MDMAP are useful for detecting the influx of debris from acute events, identifying targets for prevention,assessing the effectiveness of existing mitigation efforts, and as experiential outreach and education programs.

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November 8, 17:40 (S8-10952)

The influx of marine debris to North American shorelines after the Great Tsunami of 2011
Cathryn Clarke Murray1, Sherry Lippiatt2 and Nikolai Maximenko3
1
2
3

North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: cmurray@pices.int
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Alameda, CA, USA
University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, USA

Marine debris is one of the leading threats to the ocean and the Great Tsunami of 2011 washed away an estimated 5
million tons of debris in a single, tragic event. Anecdotal evidence suggests that there was a significant increase indebris landings to North American and Hawaiian shorelines. Here we used shoreline monitoring surveys, disasterdebris reports and oceanographic modeling to investigate the timeline of tsunami marine debris. The increase indebris influx to surveyed North American and Hawaiian shorelines was substantial and significant, representing aten-fold increase over the baseline at sites in Northern Washington State where a long term dataset was available.
British Columbia, Canada and the Hawaiian Islands had the highest documented debris influx in the years after thetsunami. The cumulative debris influx at sites where monitoring and cleanup occurs represents more than 100,000
debris items over a three-year period. The tsunami event brought different types of debris along the coast, withhigh-windage items dominant in Alaska and British Columbia and large, medium-windage items in Washington
State and Oregon. The peaks in measured shoreline debris match the predictions made by the oceanographic
models. The impacts of Japan tsunami marine debris are unknown and long-term monitoring of coastal waters
is required to detect changes resulting from the influx of debris itself and the nonindigenous species potentiallyintroduced by the debris.

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S11: POC Topic Session (Day 1)
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes
in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future
Directions
November 8, 10:50 (S11-11238)

Ocean mixing processes: Impact on biogeochemistry, climate and ecosystems
Ichiro Yasuda
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: ichiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Western north Pacific is one of most abundant ecosystem areas such as the largest biological CO2 drawdown in
the western subarctic Pacific and nursery grounds of many kinds of fish in the Kuroshio. Hypotheses have been
proposed: vertical mixing in localized areas uplifts nutrients such as iron in the Kuril Straits and nitrate in the
Tokara Strait and maintains the abundant ecosystems. Furthermore, bi-decadal variability of ocean, climate andecosystem are beginning to be noticed to be related with 18.6-year period tide-induced vertical mixing variability.
Ocean vertical mixing is the important physical process which controls vertical transports of heat, nutrients andcarbonate materials and circulations of ocean and biogeochemistry and thus ecosystems. However, observationsof vertical mixing are still quite limited. We need efficient observational system and develop numerical models
with vertical mixing process and variability, and explore links between vertical mixing and various unresolved
phenomena. Overview is presented for the 5-year Japanese project ‘Ocean mixing processes: impact on
biogeochemistry, climate and ecosystem (OMIX)’ which are launched in July 2015.

November 8, 11:15 (S11-10991)

Oceanographic conditions facilitating the formation and propagation of a novel
coccolithophore bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel
Paul G. Matson1, Chris Gotschalk2, Tanika M. Ladd1, David A. Siegel3, Libe Washburn3 and M. Debora IglesiasRodriguez1
1

2
3

Department of Ecology, Evolution and Marine Biology, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Email: iglesias@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Marine Science Institute, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA
Department of Geography, University of California Santa Barbara, CA, USA

The NE Pacific warming anomaly of 2014/2015, commonly referred to as “the blob”, caused significant alterationsin the marine environment along the western coast of the US. Specifically, a warming anomaly of up to +5 ºC,
appears to be responsible for shifts in species composition and changes in ecosystem structure in the California
Current. Following a harmful algal bloom, an unprecedented coccolithophore bloom with cell densities of up to~6 x106 cells L-1 was observed within the Santa Barbara Channel (SBC) in early summer of 2015, causing striking
changes in ocean color that were also detected by satellite-based remote sensing. This bloom was dominated by
the most ecologically important coccolithophore - Emiliania huxleyi, a species that forms seasonal blooms thatcan occupy surface areas exceeding 100,000 square km, thus representing a significant global source of biogenic
calcite. However, while typical of high latitudes both in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, these blooms havenever been reported in the SBC or in coastal ecosystems along the California Current. This talk will discuss thelikely causes of the SBC coccolithophore bloom and explore the role of circulation on the spatial and temporalpropagation of this bloom using a combination of remote sensing, ocean moorings, high-frequency radar,microscopy, and flow cytometry.

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November 8, 11:35 (S11-10971)

Long-term sea level variation in the Japan/East Sea from two decades of altimetry data
Olga Trusenkova and Dmitry Kaplunenko
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: trolia@poi.dvo.ru

Long-term sea level variation in the Japan/East Sea (JES) is revisited using Ssalto/Duacs 0.25°-gridded sea levelanomalies (SLA) for 1993-2013. To remove short-period variability, SLA were low-pass pre-filtered, with cut-off
period of 1.2 years. The leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) mode derived from the low-frequency
SLA accounts for ~50% of the total variance and captures simultaneous quasibiennial (QB) oscillations in theentire JES. Linear SLA trends estimated in every grid point are equal to 5-7 mm/year in the southern JES but
only to 2-3 mm/year in the northern JES. They should be attributed to steric effects, mostly from warm water
entering the Korea Strait. However, trends from EOF 1 are equal to 4.3, 2.0, 0.4, and 0.6 mm/year for 1993-1999,
1993-2004, 1993-2009, and 1993-2013, respectively. To separate variability time scales, intrinsic mode functions(IMF) are computed for EOF 1, using the Hilbert-Huang transform. IMF 1 captures the QB oscillations, IMF 2
shows weak variability before 2006 and the 5-year oscillation after 2006, and IMF 3 and the residual term together
capture secular variation. Sea level in the entire JES increased at the rates of 5.7 and 4.5 mm/year in 1993–1998
and 2009−2013, respectively, but no trend was detected in 1999–2008. This pattern is different from the global
mean increasing trend of 3.38 mm/year (http://www.aviso.altimetry.fr). Simultaneous SLA in the entire JES are
caused by transport imbalance through the straits, which is non-uniform throughout the two decades, dependingon variability of large-scale wind stress curl and sea level difference between the subtropical and subarctic Pacific.

November 8, 11:55 (S11-10965)

Long-term variability of surface nutrient concentrations in the North Pacific
Sayaka Yasunaka1, Tsuneo Ono2, Yukihiro Nojiri3,4, Frank A. Whitney5, Chisato Wada4, Akihiko Murata1, Shinichiro Nakaoka4 and Shigeki Hosoda1
1
2
3
4
5

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan. E-mail: yasunaka@jamstec.go.jp
Fisheries Research Agency, Japan
National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan
Hirosaki University, Japan
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada

We present spatial distributions and temporal changes of the long-term variability of surface nutrient concentrationsin the North Pacific by using nutrient samples collected by volunteer ships and research vessels from 1961 to2012. Nutrient samples are optimally interpolated onto 1° × 1° monthly grid boxes. When the Pacific Decadal
Oscillation is in its positive phase, nutrient concentrations in the western North Pacific are significantly higher
than the climatological means, and those in the eastern North Pacific are significantly lower. When the North
Pacific Gyre Oscillation is in its positive phase, nutrient concentrations in the subarctic are significantly higher
than the climatological means. The trends of phosphate and silicate averaged over the North Pacific are −0.012± 0.005 μmol/l/decade and −0.38 ± 0.13 μmol/l/decade, whereas the nitrate trend is not significant (0.01 ± 0.13μmol/ll/decade).

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November 8, 12:15 (S11-11022)

Mechanism of warming the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water, from consideration on theseasonal cycle
Makoto Kashiwai
Fisheries Oceanography Research Studio “Oyashio-Ya”, Nagawa Town, Nagano Pref., Japan. E-mail: kashiwai@mua.biglobe.ne.jp

A 50-year warming trend was detected at the intermediate isopycnal surfaces of the western subarctic Pacific,
which is strongest in the Sea of Okhotsk at the surface 26.9σ0 and weakening though enough to be significant
down to 27.4σ0 (Nakanowatari et al., 2007). The cause of this trend was attributed to the decrease of dense shelfwater production by anthropogenic warming. But this fails to explain an associated salinity increase to keep
density at the same level. In this study, a new method was developed to identify forcing factors for watermass T/Schanges using a ∆TS-diagram which illustrates a relationship among the time change vector of focal watermass
and the T/S difference vectors between the focal watermass and the other interacting watermasses. This method
was applied to the seasonal cycle of the Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water (OKIW) (σ0 = 26.4−27.1), identified asa physical entity using TσV analyses on WOA13 seasonal data. The major forcing factor for the T/S time change
in summer, having the same direction as the interannual trend, was the mixing with Deep Water (σ0 ≥ 27.1). This
result indicates that the upwelling Deep Water is mixing into the OKIW by vertical mixing at the entrance straits,
and coincides with the results of Macdonald et al. (2009) that the downwelling and upwelling around the Seaof Okhotsk meet at the surface 27.5σ0. At the Kuril Straits, the Deep Water is strongly mixed vertically with theIntermediate Water by tidal mixing (Nakamura et al., 2000), and is also affected by the sill-effect (Freeland et al.,
1998; Wong et al., 1998), which is modulated by seasonal change in the isopycnals depth caused by spin-up/-downof the Subarctic Gyre. Associated with the winter monsoon weakening around the Sea of Okhotsk (Glebova etal., 2009) and the weakening trend in the southern part of Western Subarctic Circulation (Carton et al., 2005), thewarming trend of the OKIW may be a reflection of the weakening of the Western Subarctic Gyre, through strong
tidal mixing and the sill-effect at the Kuril Straits, to the formation of OKIW.

November 8, 14:00 (S11-11344)

Recent advances and future perspectives in the understanding of mesoscale water
dynamics in the Japan/East Sea
Vyacheslav B. Lobanov
V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia
E-mail: lobanov@poi.dvo.ru

Significant progress in the understanding of physical and biogeochemical processes in the Japan/East Sea (JES)
has been achieved over last two decades due to the development of international research programs. Soon after
the successful beginning of the CREAMS (Circulation Research of East Asian Marginal Seas) program, initiatedby Japanese, Korean and Russian scientists in 1993, PICES established a working group (WG 10) to clarify
circulation and ventilation in the JES. Its activity led to closer connections with CREAMS and the launch of alarge multinational program, CREAMS-II, having an extensive field observation component during 1999-2001.
To maintain international collaboration in the East Asian Marginal Seas in the PICES area and to facilitate theestablishment of permanent observation and data exchange networks in this region, an Advisory Panel for a
CREAMS/PICES Program in East Asian Marginal Seas was established in 2005. Since then, the AP has been
facilitating international collaborative research in the JES including joint cruises, development of observing
systems, numerical modeling and time series analysis. Most recent research has focused on the ventilation systemof the JES and its changes in response to modern climate tendencies, open sea and slope convection processes,
anticyclonic eddies found to control water mass transformation at various regions of the sea, the upwelling systemalong the Korean and Russian coasts, and subduction and advection at the subarctic front. The dynamics of allthese processes include strong mesoscale and sub-mesoscale components. Recent advances in understanding andmodeling of these phenomena, as well as future perspectives, are discussed in this presentation.

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November 8, 14:25 (S11-11259)

Mesoscale-eddy-induced variability of flow through the Kerama Gap between the East
China Sea and the western North PacificHanna Na1, Jae-Hun Park2, Mark Wimbush3, Hirohiko Nakamura4, Ayako Nishina4 and Xiao-Hua Zhu5
1
2
3
4
5

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: hanna@kiost.ac.kr
Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, R Korea
Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, USA
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou, PR China

The Kerama Gap (KG) is the deepest channel (sill depth 1050 m) along the Ryukyu Island chain connecting theEast China Sea (ECS) to the western North Pacific. The observed mean flow through the KG from June 2009
to June 2011 is 2.0±0.7 Sv into the ECS. A 23-year (1993 to 2015) time series of the KG volume transport isobtained based on a good correlation between satellite altimeter-measured sea-level difference across the KG
and 2-year-long in situ-measured volume transport. Comparison of the KG volume transport time series withsatellite-measured sea-level anomaly maps reveals that KG transport fluctuations at 40- to 200-day periods arestrongly affected by mesoscale eddies near the KG. Consequently, interannual to decadal amplitude changes in
KG transports are associated with interannual to decadal eddy field changes to the east of the Ryukyu Island chain
in the western North Pacific. The mesoscale-eddy-induced variability results in time-varying correlations between
the KG throughflow and the Ryukyu Current volume transport south of Okinawa. Additionally, the relationshipof the KG throughflow with the Kuroshio east of Taiwan and the Kuroshio in the ECS is discussed based on thechanges in the eddy field.

November 8, 14:45 (S11-10913)

Studies on mesoscale eddies in the subarctic North Pacific
Hiromichi Ueno
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: ueno@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Mesoscale eddies in the subarctic North Pacific have a significant impact on water (heat, freshwater, macroand micro-nutrients and biota) exchanges between shelf and offshore regions and thus play an important role inthe marine ecosystem of the offshore region. Mesoscale eddies also have a significant impact on vertical waterexchange between surface and subsurface layers. In this talk, we review the studies on mesoscale eddies in thesubarctic North Pacific and discuss what should be studied in the near future for the better understanding of themarine ecosystem in the region from the view point of mesoscale and sub-mesoscale eddies.

November 8, 15:05 (S11-11150)

Mesoscale eddies of the Northeast Pacific Ocean
William Crawford
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: bill.crawford@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Many of the features of anticyclonic eddies of the Gulf of Alaska were discovered in the past 25 years: formation
along the west coast of North America, westward propagation, stimulation of local phytoplankton blooms,
lifetimes of several years, and their impact on exchange of biota between deep-sea and coastal waters. These
eddies are observed from British Columbia to the western Aleutian Islands, and their nature changes if they
propagate along the continental slope. Although they carry nutrients into deep-sea waters, the impacts of thesemacro- and micro-nutrients at the ocean surface vary with the age of eddies, their location, and even the season.
The features of these eddies are generally opposite to those of cyclonic eddies that form off California. I will showthat despite progress in understanding these features, we need more information on their propagation, how theymix with surrounding waters, and their impacts on higher trophic levels.

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November 8, 15:25 (S11-11339)

The effect of mesoscale circulation on biological production and carbon export in the
North Pacific
Cheryl S. Harrison1, Nikki Lovenduski2, Frederic Castruccio1 and Matthew Long1
1
2

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, USA. E-mail: chsharri@ucar.edu
University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder CO, USA

The subarctic North Pacific and the Kuroshio Extension are hotspots of both regional biological production andcarbon export in models and observations. Here we present results comparing runs of the CESM-BEC earth systemmodel, resolved globally at both 1º and 0.1º, forced with the CORE-I normal year atmospheric data set. Resolving
the mesoscale circulation allows the formation of long filamental structures and eddies. These are assessed with adynamical systems metric, the finite-time Lyapunov exponent, ridges of which form the skeleton of filamentationand demarcate eddy boundaries. The mesoscale coherent features limit and control the distribution of the coastal
iron input flux, constraining the spatial structure of the spring bloom and the resulting carbon export signal. The
organization of production and export into filaments in the subarctic limits both the horizontal extent of production
and its magnitude so that export is over-estimated at 1º model for this high-export region. Additionally, synoptic
atmospheric forcing events in the Kuroshio extension trigger production and export events, modulated by themesoscale features. These results suggest the need for observational campaigns to constrain the validity of coupledbiogeochemical-physical models in resolving mesoscale processes controlling carbon export.

November 8, 15:45 (S11-11221)

Reconciling perspectives of upwelling system dynamics and basin-scale drivers on shelfwater variability in the Pacific Northwest coastal ocean
Hally B. Stone1, Neil S. Banas2, Barbara M. Hickey1 and Parker MacCready112

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: hbstone@uw.edu
University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland

The Northern California Current System experiences highly variable upwelling in addition to larger basin-scalevariability. A ROMS hindcast model of this region (2003–2009, 43°N–50°N, 1.5 km resolution over the shelfand slope) makes possible a study of interannual variability on both of these spatial scales. Analysis of salinity/
temperaturefields and intensive particle tracking within the model were used to assess the relative importance of 1) local andremote wind forcing, 2) depth and composition of the
California Undercurrent (CUC), and 3) north-south origin of water on the slope and shelf, in explaining interannual
variability in mid-shelf bottom water and water over the slope.
Slope water properties varied only one-tenth as much as shelf bottom water. Thus, slope water and shelf watercomposition are not significantly correlated. However, Lagrangian
analysis of slope and shelf water shows that both are affected by large-scale advection of water from the northernand southern boundaries, and are closely linked through large- scale advection processes north and south (R2 =0.36; excluding 44°N). Additionally, results show that together, interannual variability in both local and remotealongshore wind stress and in depth of the CUC account for more than half of the interannual variability in shelfbottom water salinity (R2 = 0.56). Overall, this analysis suggests that variability in dissolved oxygen and pH are
driven by both variability of the upwelling system and basin-scale drivers.

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November 9
Session 8 (Day-2)
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
Session 9 (Day-1)
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems under aChanging Climate
Session 11 (Day-2)
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes in
the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future Directions
Session 13
Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances and Challenges in Multi-parameter Observations

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S8: MoE/MEQ/TCODE Topic Session (DAY 2)
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
November 9, 09:05 (S8-10936)

Sequential monitoring of marine debris washed ashore on a western US beach using a
webcam system
Shin’ichiro Kako1, Tomoya Kataoka2, Kei Yufu3, Atsuhiko Isobe3, Charlie Plybon4, Thomas A. Murphy5 and Nir
Barnea6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. E-mail: kako@oce.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
Kyusyu University, Kasuga, Japan
Sufrider Foundation OR region, OR, USA
Oregon State University, OR, USA
NOAA, WA, USA

We attempt to quantify the amount of marine debris that has continuously washed ashore on a US beach using
a webcam system. As a part of ADRIFT (Assessing the Debris-Related Impact of Tsunami) project, we haveinstalled a webcam on a beach in Newport, Oregon, US, to sequentially and automatically take photographs ofmarine debris, which might include tsunami debris. The hourly photographs of the beach have been taken during
the daytime from April 2015 to the present (and now ongoing), to elucidate the temporal variation of debris
quantity (counted by numbers) and its possible cause(s). We found that the quantity of marine debris varies largelyin time with a period shorter than one month or less superimposed on seasonality. To investigate the possible
cause(s) for this temporal variability, the time series was compared with that of satellite-derived wind speeds
and sea surface dynamic height off the Oregon coast. In summer, it is found that the quantity of marine debris
on the webcam site decreased when the northerly winds prevailed. This is because the coastal upwelling (hence,
offshore-ward Ekman flow) induced by the northerly wind prevents marine debris from being washed ashoreon the beach. In winter, the marine debris rapidly decreased especially when westerly (onshore-ward) winds
prevailed at spring tides. In these periods, the high-tide line on the beach moved toward the land and thus, the redrifting of debris into the ocean was likely to occur.

November 9, 09:25 (S8-10951)

Accumulation of beach litter in Vancouver Island, Canada
Tomoya Kataoka1, Cathryn Clarke Murray2 and Atsuhiko Isobe3
1
2
3

Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan. E-mail: tkata@rs.tus.ac.jp
North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Sidney, BC, Canada
Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan

We attempt to quantify the abundance of marine debris washed ashore on the exposed beaches of Vancouver
Island, Canada by applying an image analysis to aerial photographs. As a part of the Assessing the Debris-Related
Impact of Tsunami (ADRIFT) project, aerial photographs have been taken along the coast of British Columbia,
Canada from October 2014 to March 2015, to monitor Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD) induced by
the Great Tohoku Earthquake. First, the projective transformation method was applied to the aerial photographs
to remove the geometric distortion of the photographs. Thereafter, we calculated ratios between areas with andwithout marine debris (hereinafter, “percent covers”) on the beaches by extracting the pixels of marine debris
from the processed images. This image analysis enables us to quantify the abundance of marine debris on beaches
because the percent covers calculated from the aerial photographs were consistent with the densities of marine
debris measured by shoreline cleanup surveys. The estimated percent covers were significantly related to thecross-shore direction of the beach, and in particular, marine debris accumulated on the south- and southeast-facing
beaches of Vancouver Island. The accumulation of marine debris was likely to depend on the ocean currents westof Vancouver Island (that is, the northward and northwestward Alaska Current). This indicates that the amount ofbeach litter tends to become large on the beach where the alongshore direction is perpendicular to the predominantcurrents in the offshore region, and also that these beaches could be prioritized for cleanup and removal activities.
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November 9, 09:45 (S8-11198)

An estimate of the tsunami-debris quantity washed ashore on the US and Canadianbeaches, based on a webcam monitoring and a particle tracking model experimentAtsuhiko Isobe1, Shinsuke Iwasaki1, Shin’ichiro Kako2 and Tomoya Kataoka3
1
2
3

Kyushu University, Kasuga, Japan. E-mail: aisobe@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, JapanTokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan

Particle tracking models (PTMs) are capable of computing debris motion in the ocean circulation. However, it
is difficult to determine by the PTMs alone if modeled particles in the ocean are washed ashore onto the land,because the stranding must be dependent on nearshore processes that might not be resolved in modeled ocean
currents (hence, PTMs) sufficiently. Also, re-drifting processes of stranded particles into the ocean should beincorporated into the PTM; otherwise the estimate of debris quantity on beaches remains unreliable. The webcam
monitoring on a beach in Newport, OR provides us with a simple scenario of stranding/re-drifting processes: thedebris on the beach increased during the downwelling-favoring winds, and rapidly decreased under the onshorewinds at spring tides by re-drifting. The PTM in the present study consists of two models: one is a PTM toreproduce the tsunami-debris motion in the North Pacific using an ocean reanalysis product (ocean circulation)and satellite-derived winds (leeway drift), and the other is a “sub-model” to give the criterion whether the modeledparticles are washed ashore on the neighboring land grid cell, and whether they return to the oceanic domain fromthe land. The satellite-derived winds on the grid cells neighboring the land boundary were used for the criterion
in the sub-model. An attempt in the present study is to evaluate the abundance of the modeled particles (which
can be approximately converted to tsunami-debris weight) washed ashore on the land during the past five years.

November 9, 10:05 (S8-11365)

Crustaceans adrift: Multiyear observations of Asian marine amphipods, isopods, andtanaids arriving in North American shores on open ocean drift objects generated by the2011 Japanese Tsunami
John W. Chapman1, Ralph A. Breitenstein1, James T. Carlton2 Jessica A. Miller1, Toshio Furota3, Michio Otani4,
Ichiro Takeuchi5, Jessica Porquez1, Andrea Burton1 and Maria Barton1
1
2
3
4
5

Oregon State University, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: john.chapman@oregonstate.edu
Williams College, Mystic Seaport, Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT, USA
Toho University, Chiba, Japan
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka City, Japan
Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, JapanThe frequencies of transoceanic colonizations of species on passively drifting objects have been a widely invoked
but unobserved explanation of marine species distributions spanning oceans and continents. Diverse reproductive
non-native marine species of peracaridan crustaceans (including gammarid and caprellid amphipods, isopods,
and tanaids) arrived in western North America commencing in 2012 on drifting objects generated by the Great
Japanese Tsunami of 2011. These species survived multi-year open ocean crossings by replacement of multiple
generations rather than by individual survival. Given the relatively short life of natural objects (such as wood)
on long-distance ocean voyages, successful ocean crossings by short-lived species in modern times may be
predominately on artificial, anthropogenic material, leaving natural ocean crossings in prehistoric times in doubt.

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November 9, 10:50 (S8-10922)

Genetic diversity and biogeography of the macroalgal species associated with the Japanese
tsunami marine debris
Takeaki Hanyuda1, Gayle Hansen2 and Hiroshi Kawai1
1
2

Kobe University Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe, Japan. E-mail: kawai@kobe-u.ac.jp
Oregon State University, HMSC-EPA, Newport, OR, USA

Recognizable debris from the 2011 Great Tohoku Earthquake and Tsunami (JTMD) was carried across the North
Pacific on currents from Japan, and has been arriving on Northeastern Pacific shores since 2012. Often healthymarine macroalgae are attached on JTMD, and there is a threat that they may become introduced to the coasts anddisturb their ecosystems. In the PICES ADRIFT project sponsored by the Ministry of Environment, Japan, we havemonitored the macroalgae on JTMD, and identified them by morphology and by using genetic markers. We haveidentified ca. 70 macroalgal species on JTMD, genetically analyzed the specimens using multiple genetic markers,
and compared them with those from natural habitats in Tohoku and NW America. We have genetically examinedfollowing taxa: Ulva spp. (U. compressa, U. lactuca, U. linza, etc.), Blidingia spp. [Ulvophyceae]; Feldmannia
mitchelliae, Ectocarpus spp., Kuckuckia sp., Desmarestia spp. (D. japonica, D. viridis, etc.), Petalonia fascia,
P. zosterifolia, Saccharina japonica, Scytosiphon lomentaria, S. gracilis [Phaeophyceae]; Chondrus giganteus,
C. yendoi, Grateloupia turuturu, Palmaria palmata and P. mollis [Rhodophyceae]. We have further analyzed
the geographical distributions of representative haplotypes (genetic types) of the following taxa: Ulva pertusa,
Blidingia spp., Petalonia fascia, Desmarestia spp. Ectocarpus spp., Palmaria palmata/P. mollis. These analyses
suggest that although half of the species on JTMD have already been reported to occur in the NE Pacific, many ofthe debris specimens are genetically distinct from NW and NE Pacific populations, and their introductions to NE
Pacific coasts may cause genetic disturbance to the local populations.

November 9, 11:10 (S8-10944)

The fate of wood at sea: shipworms (Bivalvia: Teredinidae) in woody debris from the 2011
Japanese tsunami
Nancy Treneman1, James T. Carlton2, J. Reuben Shipway3, Luisa Borges4, Michael J. Raupach5 and Bjorn
Altermark6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, Charleston, OR, USA. E-mail: ntreneman@gmail.com
Maritime Studies Program, Williams College-Mystic Seaport, Mystic, CT, USA
Northeastern University, Nahant, MA, USA
L3 Scientific Solutions, Geesthacht, Germany
Deutsches Zentrum für Marine Biodiversitätsforschung, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
University of Tromso, Norway

The Tohoku tsunami of March 2011 ejected a vast amount of debris into the Pacific Ocean. Lumber and other Tohokusourced wood began appearing on Eastern and Central Pacific (Hawaii) beaches in 2013 and 2014 respectively.
Wood boring mollusks (Teredinidae) settled on this debris, offering a unique opportunity to study shipworm
diversity in rafted wood of a known origin and time of ocean entry. Diversity and abundance were determinedby extracting tissue and hard calcareous structures (pallets and shells) for genetic and morphological analyses
from 120 pieces of Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD) consisting of construction beams, trees, milled logs
and wood from vessels or maritime structures. Seven species were found: Bankia carinata, Teredothyra smithi,
Bankia bipennata, Lyrodus takanoshimensis, Teredo navalis, Teredora princesae and a new species belonging
to Psiloteredo. The first three are warm-temperate to subtropical species. T. navalis and L. takanoshimensis are
typically cooler water species. T. princesae is a pelagic species generally observed in subtropical and Indo-Pacificdriftwood. Psiloteredo sp., to be described in a forthcoming paper, is genetically distinct (COI-5P sequences) yet
morphologically identical to Psiloteredo megotara, a cold water species reported from the North Atlantic andthe continental shelf off northern Japan. Psiloteredo was found in over 90% (and was the sole species in 43%)of the items examined. Up to six species were found in any one wooden object. Species diversity, abundance,morphological variation, correlations with type of debris, immersion time, possible circulation pathways, andstranding latitude were explored.

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November 9, 11:30 (S8-11147)

DNA barcoding of potential Japanese tsunami marine debris-associated invaders of U.S.
and Canadian waters
Jonathan B. Geller1, Gregory Ruiz2, John Chapman3, Hideki Takami4, Hisatsugu Kato5, Michio Otani6 and James
T. Carlton7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing, CA, USA. E-mail: geller@mlml.calstate.edu
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
Hadfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Shinhama, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
Japan NUS Company, Ltd., Yubinbango, Niigata Prefecture Kariwa -gun Kariwa, Japan
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka City, Japan
Williams College-Mystic Seaport Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT, USA

The Great East Japan Earthquake of March 11, 2011 ejected uncounted tons of debris into the Pacific Ocean thathas served as substrate for rafting by coastal Japanese marine organisms. Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD)
carrying Japanese plants and animals was first observed in North America and Hawaii in 2012 and continues toarrive. Examination of over 600 objects has revealed more than 300 species, many not known previously in North
America nor Hawaii but presenting potential to establish as invasive species. Identification and surveillance of
JTMD associated species can be assisted by detection of diagnostic DNA sequences (DNA barcodes). Toward thisend, we have used conventional and next-generation sequencing methods to sequence a portion of mitochondrial
Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) from specimens collected on JTMD or in the fouling communities ofJapan. Early detection of potential JTMD invaders will require extensive surveys over a large geographic area thatwould be difficult to perform with traditional methods. Metagenetics, the sequencing of environmental samples,
is a faster and cost-effective alternative. We have sequenced COI from biomass collected from JTMD objects,
plankton, and settling plates collected in North America, and used an introduced species database to create species
lists; representative examples are presented here.

November 9, 11:50 (S8-11148)

The invasion risk of invertebrate species associated with Japanese tsunami marine debris
in North America and Hawaii
Jocelyn C. Nelson1, Cathryn Clarke Murray1, James T. Carlton2, Michio Otani3, Gregory M. Ruiz4 and Thomas
W. Therriault5
1
2
3
4
5

North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: jocelyn.nelson@alumni.ubc.ca
Williams College - Mystic Seaport, Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT, USA
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka City, Japan
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
Department of Fisheries & Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, Canada

Marine debris from the 2011 Great Japan Tsunami is a novel transport vector for Japanese species to reach
Pacific North America and Hawaii. Over 600 debris items attributed to the tsunami have been intercepted thus
far and over 330 species of algae, invertebrates and fish have been identified associated with this Japanese
tsunami marine debris (JTMD). Some of these species are well-known global invaders, such as the shore crab
Hemigrapsus sanguineus, the bryozoan Tricellaria inopinata, and the anemone Diadumene lineata. Most of thespecies encountered are native to Japan, not currently present in North America or Hawaii, and their invasion
risk is unknown. Thus, it is important to characterize the risk their introduction may pose to North American and
Hawaiian ecosystems. Risk assessments are an important tool that can inform policy and management decisions
about potential invasive species. Here we characterize the risk of individual invertebrate species associated with
JTMD using an established screening-level risk assessment tool – the Canadian Marine Invasive Screening
Tool (CMIST). This tool scores both the probability and consequences (impacts) of an invasion for receiving
ecosystems, to generate an overall risk score that encompasses assessor uncertainty. This approach allows us togenerate a list of higher-risk invertebrate invaders for different ecoregions on the Pacific coast of North Americanand Hawaii, providing key information that can be used to inform monitoring activities and raise awareness withstakeholders and the public.

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November 9, 12:10 (S8-11282)

Detection of non-native species in North America: Effects of the large-scale arrival of
biota on Japanese tsunami marine debris (JTMD)?
Gregory M. Ruiz1, Jonathan B. Geller2, Linda McCann1, Kristen Larson1, Lina Ceballos1, Michelle Marraffini1,
Briana Tracy1, Stacey Havard1, Katherine Newcomer1, Brian Steves1, Andrew Chang1, Ruth Di Maria1, Katrina
Lohan1, Rebecca Barnard1, Paul Fofonoff1, Jessica A. Miller3, John Chapman3, Cathryn Clarke Murray4, Thomas
W. Therriault5 and James T. Carlton6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA. E-mail: ruizg@si.edu
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Moss Landing CA, USA
Oregon State University, Coastal Oregon Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
PICES, Sidney, BC, Canada
Department of Fisheries & Oceans, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, Canada
Williams College, Mystic Seaport, Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT, USA

The Great Japan Tsunami of 2011 resulted in a massive and unprecedented dispersal event of marine biota from
Asian coastal waters to the shores of North America. While significant effort has focused on characterizing the
spatial and temporal patterns of biota arriving to North America, the fate of these organisms and the extent of newinvasions is poorly resolved. We report here the synthesis of existing data and new surveys to evaluate (detect)the presence of non-native marine species in western North America, from California to Alaska, including freeliving marine invertebrates and parasites reported on Japanese tsunami marine debris (JTMD). These data provide
important baseline measures (benchmarks) for the species pool present in North America before and during the
JTMD dispersal event. We explore the inferences that can be drawn from this baseline and its application toevaluate invasions associated with JTMD, while also considering the potential for both lag-times in detection andother mechanisms (vectors) of introduction of biota from the northwestern Pacific.

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S9: FIS/TCODE Topic Session (DAY-1)
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems under a Changing Climate
November 9, 09:00 (S9-10881)

Marine ecosystem resilience, what is it and how can we measure it?
Benjamin Planque1, Michaela Aschan2, Grégoire Certain3, Padmini Dalpadado4, Lis Lindal Jørgensen1, Raul
Primicerio2 and Mette Skern-Mauritzen4
1
2
3
4

Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway. E-mail: benjamin.planque@imr.no
University of Tromsø, Tromsø, Norway
Institute for Coastal Research, SLU, Öregrund, Sweden
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway

The term resilience is broadly understood as “the ability of a system to absorb disturbance and maintain structureand function”. Three features can contribute to the resilience of a system: resistance, flexibility and reorganisation.
Resistance implies low sensitivity to external pressures. Flexibility refers to the capacity of a system to return toits original configuration after being exposed to a perturbation. Reorganisation defines the capacity of a system
to constantly reconfigure itself in order to maintain its functions in the presence of perturbations. For marine
systems, resilience can be defined at different levels of biological organisation, from individuals to populations,communities or the ecosystem as a whole. High resilience at one level does not necessarily derive from or resultin high resilience at other levels. During the ‘Barents Sea Ecosystem Resilience’ project, structural aspects ofecosystem resilience were investigated by quantifying ecosystem diversity (specific, functional and trophic),
redundancy (trophic and functional) and modularity (in food webs). In addition, dynamic aspects of resilience
were investigated by time-series analyses of multivariate-multidecadal patterns in ecosystem structure. In bothanalyses (structural and dynamic) a key issue remained the definition of ‘reference’ states, against which empiricalobservations may be compared. The development of ‘null’ ecosystem models in which simple hypotheses areused to generate expected patterns of resilience has been essential to compare historical patterns of ecosystemvariations in the Barents Sea (e.g. regime shifts, decadal shifts in top-down/bottom up controls) to ‘expected’ ones.

November 9, 09:30 (S9-11081)

Early warning signals of declining resilience and abrupt transitions in ocean ecosystems
Michael A. Litzow1 and Mary E. Hunsicker2
1
2

Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: mary.hunsicker@noaa.gov

Ecological regime shifts are an important source of uncertainty that affect our ability to successfully manage marine
resources. A rapidly developing area of ecological research proposes that characteristic statistical signals (e.g.,rising variance and autocorrelation) should provide early warning of declining resilience and an increased chanceof an ecological transition. While these Early Warning Signals (EWS) began as strictly theoretical predictions,some research demonstrates that they may have utility in predicting abrupt change in real ecosystems. However,
empirical studies to date have produced mixed outcomes; some show evidence supporting the predictions of
EWS theory while others do not. The goal of our study is to identify the factors distinguishing successful andunsuccessful real-world applications of EWS. To do this, we conducted a review and meta-analysis of EWS
research as well as a new, comparative analysis of eight northeast Pacific Ocean time series. Here we present
the results of these analyses, which demonstrate the importance of nonlinearity or hysteresis for the successful
application of EWS in empirical systems. There is little expectation for the presence of EWS if a system isbest described by models of linear relationships between the biological response and environmental drivers. In
addition, we make recommendations for future empirical research on EWS and propose ways in which EWS
could be incorporated into ecosystem-based fisheries management given the current state of knowledge.

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November 9, 09:50 (S9-11087)

Status and trend of four commercially important coastal cephalopods in China Seas: An
overview with implications for climate change
Yongjun Tian, Yumeng Pang, Yanli Tang, Yiping Ren and Rong Wan
College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: yjtian@ouc.edu.cn

Increasing evidence indicates a worldwide proliferation of cephalopods with global warming, however there islittle information on coastal cephalopods in Chinese waters. Coastal cephalopods, including squids, cuttlefish
and octopus, play a vital part in Chinese catch composition in spite of over-exploitation in China Seas and theirhigh turnover rates have important ecosystem effect. Here we review the status and trend of four commerciallyimportant coastal cephalopods with different life history strategies in China Seas and adjacent areas using
historical fisheries and survey data. Four typical species of coastal cephalopods, the golden cuttlefish (Sepia
esculenta Hoyle), Japanese loligo squid (Loligo japonica), common Chinese cuttlefish (Sepiella maindroni) andswordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis), have been exploited over six decades in the coastal area of China. Even
though distributions of these four species partly overlap, their life history strategies such as spawning seasons,migration and growth are diverse, which allows their populations to respond differently to climate change and tomaintain stability. Catch trends illustrate decadal variation patterns with significant declines and increases around1980 and in the late 1990s, indicating strong effects of ENSO events and regime shifts. Different responses toclimate change among these four species may be attributed to their intrinsic biological traits and different life
history strategies. Our results open a window to the climate impact on Chinese coastal cephalopods. For thecoastal cephalopods in an over-exploited ecosystem such as China Seas, high fishing pressure would not be thesole reason of population decline and environmental variability such as regime shifts should be considered in thecontext of ecosystem-based fishery management.

November 9, 10:10 (S9-11230)

Effects of high-CO2 and temperature on the dynamics of plankton communities in thesubarctic PacificKoji Sugie1, Sohiko Kameyama2, Takeshi Yoshimura3, Hiroshi Uchida1, Jun Nishioka4, Naomi Harada1 andAkihiko Murata1
1

2
3
4

Research & Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa,
237-0061, Japan. E-mail: sugie@jamstec.go.jp
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
Environmental Sciences, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Abiko, Chiba, 270-1194, Japan
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0819, Japan

Increases in ocean acidity and temperature are induced by an increase in atmospheric CO2 levels. These
environmental perturbations may impact marine organisms in a variety of ways, but the knowledge of interactive
effects on marine phytoplankton is still very limited. We conducted CO2 and temperature manipulation
experiments at three stations in the subarctic Pacific to investigate the interactive effects of these factors on the
dynamics of marine phytoplankton. Stations are located at 41°53’N 145°50’E, 47°01’N 160°01’E, and 47°00’N
148°02’W, and experiments were conducted in April 2015, August 2014, and August 2014, respectively. Net
phytoplankton growth rate based on chlorophyll-a was enhanced by the increase in temperature in two of thethree experiments, whereas it slightly decreased by the increase in CO2 levels. In two of the three experiments,
the magnitude of decreasing net growth rate in the high CO2 condition was smaller under higher temperature
conditions. The growth of cyanobacteria and pico-sized eukaryotic phytoplankton were often enhanced by either
increasing temperature, CO2, or both. Diatom growth was negatively affected by the high-CO2 conditions only in
the April-2015 experiment. We found that the negative impact of high CO2 condition is ameliorated by the hightemperature conditions because of the positive response in the growth of pico-sized phytoplankton in the high CO2
treatment. These results suggest that future high-CO2 and temperature conditions could shift the phytoplankton
community to fast growth rates with small cell size, which may negatively affect the trophic transfer efficiency
and biological carbon pump in the ocean.

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November 9, 10:50 (S9-10883)

A model simulation of the adaptive evolution through mutation of the coccolithophore
Emiliania huxleyi based on a published laboratory study
Kenneth L. Denman
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: denmank@uvic.ca

Phytoplankton and other microbes, with generation times of days or less, experience hundreds of generations
each year, allowing the possibility for favorable mutations (i.e., those that produce organisms with fitness maxima
nearer to the environmental conditions at that time) to dominate existing genotypes and survive in a changing
climate. Several laboratories have grown phytoplankton cultures for hundreds to thousands of generations anddemonstrated that they have changed genetic makeup. In particular Schlüter et al (2014) grew replicates derived
from a single cell of Emiliania huxleyi, a coccolithophorid with broad geographical and thermal range, for 3 years(~1000 generations) at 15°C, and then for a year at 26.3°C, near their upper thermal limit. During the last year
the intrinsic growth rate increased more or less linearly, which the authors attribute to genetic mutation. Here I
simulate genetic mutation of a single trait (intrinsic growth rate), both for the control phase and the warm phaseof their study. I consider sensitivities to frequency of mutation, changes with temperature in intrinsic growthrate, and use the experimental setup and results to place constraints on the way mutations occur. In particular, allnumerical experiments with mutation result in a lag time of order 100 generations before a significant increase inrealized growth rate occurs. A numerical experiment that includes a simple plastic response formulation showsthat plasticity could remove this lag and yield results more in agreement with those observed in the laboratory
study.

November 9, 11:10 (S9-10909)

Detection of a geographically fixed center of high abundance of macroinvertebrates along
the west coast of Baja California
Pablo David Vega-García1, Fiorenza Micheli2, Héctor Reyes-Bonilla3 and Salvador E. Lluch-Cota1
1
2
3

Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico. E-mail: slluch@cibnor.mx
Stanford University, Pacific Grove, CA, USA
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Sur, La Paz, Mexico

One expected consequence of ocean warming is the potential poleward shift of species geographic distribution
ranges. Small-scale benthic fisheries are especially at risk because of their limited mobility, and difficulty to
track resource changes by moving to different locations. We conducted a large scale survey of subtidal benthic
invertebrates along the Baja California west coast. We report 60 species of mollusks, 33 species of echinoderms,
and three species and eight operational taxonomic units of crustaceans. A Cluster analysis with Bray-Curtis
similarity coefficient shows four coherent latitudinal regions for the invertebrates community (north, central,south and Islands), with the highest diversity and abundances at the central region. The historical comparison of
abalone densities suggest a decrease in both species for all regions, but with the highest densities remaining at thecentral regions in both periods and species. Our findings indicate the presence of a fixed center of high abundanceof benthic macroinvertebrates at the central region off Baja California, a pattern already documented for the
pelagic realm. Implications are that at least for this type of systems, the expected impacts of climate change may
not be evidenced in latitudinal shifts of the abundance centers and fishing grounds.

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November 9, 11:30 (S9-11162)

Identifying climatically resilient or sensitive locations in the Northern California Current
using partitioned beta-diversity
Caren Barceló1, Lorenzo Ciannelli1 and Richard D. Brodeur212College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
E-mail: cbarcelo@coas.oregonstate.edu
NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, 97365, USA

Patterns of beta diversity lead to an improved understanding of the spatial and temporal organization of marine
fish and invertebrate communities and their responses to environmental change at a variety of scales. We assess thelong-term beta-diversity trends of the pelagic fish and invertebrate community in the Northern California Current
yearly between 1999 and 2015. We partition beta-diversity into two components: turnover and nestedness. To
determine the relationship between partitioned beta-diversity patterns with the local environment as well as basinscale variables through time we used variable coefficient generalized additive models as well as Spearman’srank correlations. Turnover and nestedness were correlated with the change in station depth and temperature.
Spatially, the southern and most offshore stations were generally the most correlated with PDO and MEI. Overall,no decrease or increase was observed in the turnover and nestedness components of the pelagic community’s
beta diversity during the inspected time series, instead they fluctuated around a long-term mean. These results
suggest that while the region as a whole may be largely resilient in the available species pool, some localities are
more stable than others and vary as a function of basin scale fluctuations. We discuss the possible implications for
management and conservation, as well as a need for continued monitoring.

November 9, 11:50 (S9-10976)

Climate vulnerability analysis of eastern Bering Sea fish and invertebrate stocks
Paul D. Spencer1, Anne B. Hollowed2, Mark W. Nelson3, Michael F. Sigler4 and Albert J. Hermann5
1
2
3
4
5

NOAA-Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: paul.spencer@noaa.gov
NOAA-Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA-Fisheries, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD, USA
NOAA-Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), Seattle, WA, USA

Vulnerability analyses of stocks to climate change have been identified as a priority action in the U.S. National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Change Strategy. We are conducting a vulnerability assessmentthat uses stock sensitivity (i.e., biological attributes that are predictive of an ability/inability to respond to potential
environmental change) and exposure (i.e., an overlap between a species distribution and the magnitude of expectedenvironmental change) to determine relative vulnerabilities of stocks. Stock sensitivity reflects both resilience(i.e., capacity to absorb disturbances) and adaptive capacity (i.e., biological responses that mitigate exposure
or sensitivity). Stock sensitivity scores were assessed for 36 eastern Bering Sea (EBS) stocks encompassing awide range of taxonomic groups. Evaluation of climate exposure used existing projections for the EBS fromthree downscaled global climate models that represent a range of projected future warming. The relative change
in environmental conditions is indicated by comparing projected future (2030-2039) conditions to “current”(2003-2012) conditions. Stocks with low population growth rates (i.e., rockfish), complex spawning cycles (i.e.,salmon), or sensitivity to ocean acidification (i.e., crabs) generally had high stock sensitivity scores. The final
results will include evaluation of uncertainty, as indicated by data quality scores and bootstrap analyses. The EBS
vulnerability analysis will provide a rapid, semi-quantitative indication of the relative vulnerability of stocks to
climate change, which can assist in evaluating research priorities and options for human adaptation.

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November 9, 12:10 (S9-11251)

Resilience and adaptation of marine ecosystems in Vanina Bay, Sea of Japan: Past,
present and scenarios for the future
Ekaterina P. Kurilova and Sergey E. Kulbachnyi
Khabarovsk Branch of Pacific Research Fisheries Center, Khabarovsk, Russia. E-mail: katy_k07@mail.ru

The results of ecological monitoring in Vanina Bay (Sea of Japan) over the last decade are presented. Changes in
the abundance of fish, invertebrates, plankton and other organisms under increasing anthropogenic influence areshown.
Anthropogenic impacts on marine ecosystems in the area as a result of Vanino sea port activity have occurredsince 1943. Unfortunately, underdeveloped technological processes caused heavy damage to marine ecosystems.
We discovered changes in the bottom structure, and loss of abundance and biomass in fish and plankton.
At the same time, taking into account continuance and force of anthropogenic influence, we can say that an
irreversible tipping point associated with the loss of essential structure and function has not been reached.
Resilience and adaptation of marine ecosystems to changing environmental conditions was detected.
Ecological monitoring results in elaboration of the criteria for assessment of resilience of marine organisms to
impacts, and scenarios of marine ecosystems adaptive capacity to different stressors. On the basis of these data,
specialists work out recommendations for improvement of Vanino sea port technological processes in order toreduce negative anthropological influence and increase marine ecosystem capacity to adapt to changing conditions.

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S11: POC Topic Session (Day 2)
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes
in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future
Directions
November 9, 09:00 (S11-10977)

Linking technological and POC advances over the past 25 years
Michael Foreman
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: mike.foreman@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Many advances in climate and physical/chemical oceanographic research over the past twenty-five years weregreatly facilitated by corresponding advances in technology. In this presentation we will give examples of how
observations from “recent” technologies such as satellite altimetry and autonomous platforms, and complex
model simulations made possible by the development of more powerful computers have produced importantPhysical Oceanography and Climate Committee (POC) research relevant to the central goal of PICES, namely
understanding and projecting trends and variability in North Pacific marine ecosystems. Future technologicaladvances, and their possible impact on POC research over the next twenty-five years, will also be discussed.

November 9, 09:25 (S11-11378)

Wave turbulence interaction induced vertical mixing and its effects in ocean and climate
modelsFangli Qiao1,2,3, Yeli Yuan1, Jia Deng1, Dejun Dai1 and Zhenya Song1123First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: qiaofl@fio.org.cn
Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,
Qingdao, PR China
Key Lab of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling, SOA, Qingdao, PR China

Heated from above, the oceans are stably stratified. Therefore, the performance of general ocean circulation andclimate studies through coupled atmosphere-ocean models depend critically on vertical mixing of energy andmomentum in the water column. Many of the traditional general circulation models are based on total kinetic
energy (TKE) in which the roles of waves are averaged out. Although theoretical calculations suggest thatwaves could greatly enhance coexisting turbulence, no field measurements on turbulence have ever validated
this mechanism directly. To address this problem, a specially designed field experiment has been conducted.
The experimental results indicate that an enhancement of the background turbulence due to wave-turbulenceinteraction is indeed the predominant mechanism for turbulence generation and enhancement. Based on thisunderstanding, we propose a new parameterization for vertical mixing as an additive part to the traditional TKE
approach. This new result has reconfirmed the past theoretical model that was tested and validated in numericalmodel experiments and field observations. It firmly establishes the critical role of wave-turbulence interaction
effects in both the general ocean circulation models and atmosphere-ocean coupled models, which could greatly
improve an understanding of the sea surface temperature and water column property distributions, and hence themodel-based climate forecasting capability.

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November 9, 09:45 (S11-11125)

Distribution of near-inertial waves in the mixed and deep layers of the East/Japan Sea
using a high-resolution wind-forced ocean model
Chanhyung Jeon1, Jae-Hun Park1, Young-Gyu Park2 and Hong Sik Min212

Department of Ocean Science, Inha University, Incheon, R Korea. E-mail: jaehunpark@inha.ac.kr
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea

Previous observations of deep near-inertial waves in the East/Japan Sea showed that they were more energetic in
the southern region than in the northern region. The significant variation of surface currents in the southern region
was suggested to be the cause of this meridionally asymmetric distribution of near-inertial waves, but no clear
dynamic explanations were provided. In this study, we investigate the characteristics of near-inertial wave energy
distribution in the East/Japan Sea using high-resolution wind-forced ocean model outputs. This model reproduces
realistic circulation and stratification through a nudging assimilation of in-situ hydrocasts, satellite measurements,
and throughflow observations in the Korea Strait. In addition, the model is forced with hourly wind forcing
calculated from a 5-km resolution weather forecast model. Analyses of model outputs at hourly intervals from
November 2012 to September 2015 reveal that the near-inertial wave energy distributions in the surface mixed
layer are much different from those in the deep layers. The near-inertial wave energy in the mixed layer is stronger
and is distributed dominantly in the northern side of the subpolar front during winter months when the wind isstrong and the mixed layer develops well. In the deep layers, energetic near-inertial wave patches are found at thesouthern part of the East/Japan Sea even during winter months, which is consistent with previous observations.
Comparisons with background circulation patterns suggest that the distribution of near-inertial waves in the deep
layers is highly correlated with anticyclonic mesoscale eddy fields due to their trapping inside those eddies.

November 9, 10:05 (S11-11121)

Synoptic variability of wintertime wind-driven circulation in the Bohai, Yellow and East
China seas
Daji Huang and Zhiyuan Li
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration,
Hangzhou, PR China. E-mail: djhuang@sio.org.cn

A high resolution three-dimensional numerical model was used to investigate the response of the sea surface
height (SSH) and circulation in the Bohai, Yellow and East China seas (BYES) to synoptic wind in winter. The
simulated currents agreed well with previous studies and in-situ observation. Complex Empirical Orthogonal
Function analysis captured two leading modes of coastal-trapped waves (CTWs). Both modes propagate
counterclockwise in the entire region with a period of 2-5 days. The first mode has one amphidromic point of SSH.
The second mode has three amphidromic points of SSH. A significant meso-scale eddy with synoptic variation in
the northern East China Sea was revealed. The momentum balance analysis indicates that the along-shelf current
is in geostrophic balance with the cross-shelf pressure gradient and is accelerated by the along-shelf pressure
gradient. The evolutionary mechanism the CTWs is also investigated with vorticity balance analysis. The first
CTW mode dominates the entire region, particularly the Bohai and Yellow seas. The second CTW mode is more
important in the East China Sea.

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November 9, 10:50 (S11-11115)

Regional and climate forcing on forage fish and apex predators in the California Current:
New insights from a fully coupled ecosystem model
Jerome Fiechter1, Luis Huckstadt2, Kenneth Rose3, Daniel Costa2, Enrique Curchitser4 and Katherine Hedstrom5
1
2
3
4
5

Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA. E-mail: fiechter@ucsc.edu
Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, USA
Dept. of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, USA
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, USA
Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, USA

A fully coupled ecosystem model is used to describe the impact of regional and climate variability on changes inabundance and distribution of forage fish and apex predators in the California Current Large Marine Ecosystem.
The ecosystem model consists of a biogeochemical submodel (NEMURO) embedded in a regional ocean
circulation submodel (ROMS), and both coupled with a multi-species individual-based submodel for two forage
fish species (sardine and anchovy) and one apex predator (California sea lion). Sardine and anchovy are specifically
included in the model as they exhibit significant interannual and decadal variability in population abundances,
and are commonly found in the diet of California sea lions. Output from the model demonstrates how regionalscale (i.e., upwelling intensity) and basin-scale (i.e., PDO and ENSO signals) physical processes control species
distributions and predator-prey interactions on interannual time scales. The results also illustrate how variability
in environmental conditions leads to the formation of seasonal hotspots where prey and predator spatially overlap.
While specifically focused on sardine, anchovy and sea lions, the modeling framework presented here can provide
new insights into the physical and biological mechanisms controlling trophic interactions in the California Current,
or other regions where similar end-to-end ecosystem models may be implemented.

November 9, 11:15 (S11-11013)

Macro-scale patterns in upwelling/downwelling activity along the North American west
coast
Romeo Saldívar-Lucio1, Emanuele Di Lorenzo2, Miguel Nakamura3, Héctor Villalobos1, Daniel Lluch-Cota4 andPablo Del Monte-Luna112
34Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas (CICIMAR-IPN). La Paz, México. E-mail: romeo26_1979@yahoo.com
Georgia Institute of Technology. Atlanta, USA
Centro de Investigación en Matemáticas AC. Guanajuato, México
Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. La Paz, México

The seasonal and interannual variability of vertical transport (upwelling/downwelling) has been relatively wellstudied, mainly for the California Current System, including low-frequency changes and latitudinal hetereogeneity.
The aim of this work was to identify potentially predictable patterns in upwelling/downwelling activity along
the North American west coast and discuss their plausible mechanisms. To this purpose we applied the min/max Autocorrelation Factor technique and time series analysis. We found that spatial co-variation of seawatervertical movements present three dominant low-frequency signals in the range of 33, 19 and 11 years, resembling
periodicities of: atmospheric circulation, nodal moon tides and solar activity. Those periodicities might be related
to the variability of vertical transport through their influence on dominant wind patterns, the position/intensityof pressure centers and the strength of atmospheric circulation cells. The low-frequency signals identified in
upwelling/downwelling are coherent with temporal patterns previously reported at the study region: sea surface
temperature along the Pacific coast of North America, catch fluctuations of anchovy Engraulis mordax and sardine
Sardinops sagax, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, changes in abundance and distribution of salmon populations,and variations in the position and intensity of the Aleutian low. Since the vertical transport is an oceanographic
process with strong biological relevance, the recognition of their spatio-temporal patterns might allow for somereasonable forecasting capacity, potentially useful for marine resources management of the region.

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November 9, 11:35 (S11-10910)

The seasonal and interannual variability of circulation in the eastern and western Okhotsk
Sea and its impact on plankton biomass
Andrey G. Andreev, Sergey V. Prants, Maxim V. Budyansky and Michael Yu. Uleysky
Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: andreev@poi.dvo.ru

The seasonal and interannual variability of circulation in the eastern and western Okhotsk Sea has been investigatedusing AVISO velocity field and oceanographic data for the period from 1993 to 2015. Year-to-year changes of
the Alaskan Stream surface flow, forming the northern boundary of the western subarctic gyre in Pacific Ocean,
impact the dynamics of water and plankton biomass in the eastern Okhotsk Sea. An intensification/weakeningof the Alaskan Stream leads to increased/decreased fluxes in the areas of the Krusenstern and Fourth Kuril Strait
connecting the Okhotsk Sea with the Pacific Ocean. Enhancement of the Alaskan Stream flux is accompanied
by an increase in water temperature and biomass of small- and medium-sized zooplankton, and decreasing ice
area and biomass of large-sized zooplankton in the eastern Okhotsk Sea. In the East-Sakhalin Current region, thecoastal upwelling forced by northward winds and positive wind stress curl along the Sakhalin coast in summer leadto a mesoscale cyclone formation. An inflow of low salinity waters from the Sakhalin Bay driven by southward
winds and negative wind stress curl along the Sakhalin coast during fall and winter results in the generation of amesoscale anticyclone. Mesoscale cyclones support the high biological productivity at the eastern Sakhalin shelfin July-August.

November 9, 11:55 (S11-10992)

The response of Northeast Pacific Ocean circulation to recent atmospheric forcing
Nicholas A. Bond1 and Phyllis Stabeno2
1

2

Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: nicholas.bond@noaa.gov
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA

Strongly positive temperature anomalies developed in the Northeast Pacific Ocean during the winter of 2013-14
and have persisted, with considerable evolution in magnitude and pattern, well into 2016. It is evident that highly
anomalous atmospheric forcing is the primary cause of this warm event. In particular, a strong and persistent ridgeof higher than normal sea-level pressure (SLP) resulted in reduced seasonal cooling of the upper ocean during thewinter of 2013-14. The following two winters featured a relatively deep Aleutian low and a SLP pattern favoring
low-level winds from the south, and abnormally warm air temperatures in the eastern part of the basin, leading topositive temperature anomalies in a wide strip along the west coast of North America. It is not evident, however,
the extent to which the upper ocean large-scale circulation (i.e., the mean currents) in the Northeast Pacific ridge
has responded to climate forcing during the last 3 years. The present study uses monthly mean data from NOAA’s
Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) to address this issue. GODAS is based on a numerical ocean
model that incorporates available oceanographic observations, including data from Argo profiling floats, andhence provides a dynamically-consistent representation of large-scale ocean structure and processes. A focus of
the present analysis concerns the lag between the atmospheric forcing and the upper ocean circulation response,and ultimately the implications for predictability on time scales of months to seasons from a marine ecosystemperspective.

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November 9, 12:15 (S11-11293)

Anomalous oceanic conditions along the US West Coast in 2014: Inferences from a highresolution regional ocean model
Alexander Kurapov
College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, USA. E-mail: kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu

A 2-km resolution ocean circulation model of the Northeast Pacific region has been run with realistic atmosphericforcing and boundary conditions for a period of 2009-2014, and fields are saved daily. These fields are utilized
to estimate an annual cycle and anomalies in atmospheric forcing, surface oceanic fields, and continental slope
properties in the area from 24°N to 55°N. In particular, analyses focus on the year 2014 which was influenced
by a warm anomaly developed in the Gulf of Alaska in winter, wide-spread warming over the California Current
System and the shelf in summer, and subsurface anomalies along the continental slope associated with the
emergence of El Niño. Based on the model analyses, anomalies were found in the properties on the 26.5 isopycnal
surface over the continental slope in summer 2014, including lower depth of placement (all along the coast),stronger along-slope poleward undercurrent, and warmer temperatures and lower potential vorticity north of the
Mendocino Escarpment. These were forced by lowering isopycnal surfaces at the south boundary of our domain(at 24°N), inferred from a global model. At the surface, the winter SST anomaly developed offshore was notdirectly associated with the heat flux anomaly, but was possibly a result of horizontal eddy transport from thesouth. Anomalously large short-wave radiation and increased negative latent flux were found in an area over the
North Pacific Current bifurcation point, California Current System, and the continental shelf.

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S13 MONITOR/TCODE Topic Session
Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances andChallenges in Multi-parameter Observations
November 9, 09:05 (S13-11132)

Coastal observation systems to monitor physical, chemical and biological parameters
Hidekatsu Yamazaki1, Eiji Masunaga2, Scott Gallager3, Mamoru Tanaka1, Marika Takeuchi1, Kazuo Amakasu1,
Kunihisa Yamaguchi4 and Hayato Kondo1
1
2
3
4

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: hide@kaiyodai.ac.jp
Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, USA
Tokyo Metropolitan Government, Oshima Fishery Laboratory, Oshima, Japan

We have developed a free-fall multi-parameter profiler (YODA Profiler) to measure various physical and biologicalparameters in coastal ocean. We found internal bores create a strong mixing event. Sediment resupension is
asscociated with the mixing event and also AZFP detected fish school at the front of bore.
We have deployed a cable observatory system (Oshima Coastal Environment data Acquisition Network System,OCEANS) in a coastal area to monitor coastal ecosystem continuously. OCEANS can measure various physical,
chemical and biological parameters simultaneously, and operates a plankton imaging system (Continuous Plankton
Imaging and Classification System, CPICS). Based on acquired images of phytoplankton and zooplankton weare investigating how planktonic biodiversity is affected by multi-scale physical processes, such as Kuroshio andinternal waves. We are developing a technique to predict the biodiversity of plankton from three-dimensionalhydrodymanic model using a newly developed plankton ecosystem model.
We are also developing a AUV (MEMO-pen) that carries CPICS as well as microstructure profiler (TurboMAP)
in order to simultatnously observe turbulence and plankton. We will introduce the most recent results from theseobservation systems.

November 9, 09:30 (S13-11052)

Introduction to the Ocean Research Stations (ORSs) in Korea and application activities
Jinyong Jeong, Jooyoung Lee, Jae-Seol Shim and Do-Seong Byun
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 787, Haeanro, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: jyjeong@kiost.ac.kr

Large-scale and long-term environmental changes have been reported in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea(YECS) during the last couple of decades. Many important meteorological and oceanic processes occurring in the
YECS are changing their environment. From the early 2000s, several ocean research stations (ORSs) have beenplanned in Korea as a part of the ‘Integrated Coastal Monitoring System’ program. The Ieodo ORS (IORS) is thefirst open-ocean research tower station in Korea. The IORS is located in the northeastern part of the East China
Sea and more than half of the typhoons which affect the Korean peninsula pass over the IORS area. Equippedwith more than 30 different types of instruments, the IORS is observing more than 40 different variables of theocean and atmosphere (wind, wave, temperature and salinity, air-sea fluxes, etc). Constructions of 2 more ORSs,
the Gageocho and Socheongcho ORSs, were completed in 2009 and 2014, respectively. Currently (March 2016)
there are about 20 on-going research programs utilizing the ORSs to investigate typhoons, air-sea interactions,transportations of air pollutant particles, sea-fog formations, changes of the biological eco-environment, etc.
Scientists can use the ORSs to attach/integrate their own sensors, and conduct process studies on or nearby thestation (staying for days). The ORSs could serve as one of the reference stations for monitoring global climatechange. This paper will introduce some of the noticeable accomplishments from the ORSs and the future plansfor international cooperative works for enhancing and expanding the functions and applications part of the ORSs.

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November 9, 09:50 (S13-11333)

Recording extreme events in the multi-parameter Central and Northern California Ocean
Observing System (CeNCOOS)
CeNCOOS Investigators, David M. Anderson
Central and Northern California Ocean Observing System, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA
E-mail: dmanderson@mbari.org

Several locations in California coastal waters experienced record-warm temperatures in 2015, and unprecedented
levels of domoic acid during the summer 2015 harmful algal bloom. Salinities in estuaries remain elevated as theCalifornia drought enters its fifth year. These and other extreme events are recorded by the Central and Northern
California Ocean Observing System. CeNCOOS supports an array of 14 continuously streaming multi-parameter
shore stations, 27 current-sensing high frequency radars, and two autonomous gliders that traverse the California
Current to 500km offshore. Data aquisition at periods ranging from minutes to hours produces a high-velocity
stream useful in a range of applications including mobile apps and assimilation into coastal models. Ninety
percent of CeNCOOS’ observations are in the surface layer, underscoring the challenge of siting, maintaining,
and telemetering observations from multiple depths. CeNCOOS is one of eleven regional ocean observing system(IOOS) regional associations that maintain real-time, multi-parameter observing systems. IOOS data are madeavailable in a variety of formats, served to distributed catalogs, and contributed to long-term archives. Bestpractices are documented in quality assurance manuals and reports, enabled by the use of existing standards, andfurther developed in test-beds and exploratory programs.

November 9, 10:10 (S13-10887)

Probing multi-scale oceanic signals from the coast
Hyun Sup Soh, Jang Gon Yoo and Sung Yong Kim
Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology(KAIST), Daejeon, R Korea. E-mail: syongkim@kaist.ac.kr

This paper presents feasibility and capability of integrated coastal ocean observations to monitor multiscaleoceanic geophysical signals and variability in open ocean and coastal regions. As a part of geophysical signals, sea
surface heights (or sea surface elevations) obtained from satellite altimetry, tide gauges, and coastal radar-derived
surface currents are cross-compared. The oceanic variability between open ocean and coastal areas is investigatedwith temperature and salinity profiles sampled by Argo floats, long-term hydrographic surveys (e.g., CalCOFI),
and shore station CTD casts. This work can be aligned with the enhanced awareness and matured efforts to
examine the physical view on the ocean ecosystem-related issues.

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November 9, 10:50 (S13-11250)

Using multiple platforms to assess a potential link between the North Pacific warm
anomaly (the ‘Blob’) and anomalous conditions in the Salish Sea during 2015
Richard Dewey1, Akash Sastri1, Jeremy Krogh2, Steve Mihaly1, Peter Chandler3 and Kim Juniper1,2123Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: rdewey@uvic.ca
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada

The NE Pacific warm anomaly (the ‘warm Blob’) was first identified offshore in the Gulf of Alaska in late 2013/
early 2014, following limited fall/winter cooling and downwelling associated with a weak Aleutian Low. Moretypical downwelling conditions returned during the 2014/2015 fall-winter period and transported some of thewarm surface waters onto the West coast of North America. Both the strength of seasonal downwelling andthe arrival of anomalously warm waters onto the shelf of Vancouver Island were recorded by a cabled sea-floor
instrument platform at Folger Passage (97 m; Ocean Networks Canada). Subsequent to the inshore arrival of the‘Blob’, mid- and deep-basin conditions recorded by cabled instruments in the Strait of Georgia were indicative oflimited deep-water renewal (i.e. anomalously low deep-water dissolved oxygen conditions). Limited deep-water
renewal may be attributed to the inability of low-density (warm) waters entering the basin from Juan de Fuca
Strait to penetrate deep into the basin. Both the Strait of Georgia and Saanich Inlet (inshore fjord) experienced
little-to-no winter cooling during the 2015/2016 winter season. Here we take advantage of a number of publiclyavailable high-resolution time-series measurements (fixed and mobile platforms) to assess whether anomalous
deep-water conditions inshore can be directly attributed to an inshore incursion of the ‘blob’ or if warmer than
average local conditions promoted surface warming which limiting deep-water renewal into both the Strait ofGeorgia and Saanich Inlet.

November 9, 11:10 (S13-11352)

From marine terrestrial interactions to the “warm blob”: Integrating land-oceanatmospheric research in a coastal observatory framework
Brian Hunt1,2, Ian Giesbrecht2, Margot Hessing-Lewis2, Jennifer Jackson2, Colleen Kellogg1,2 and Kira Krumhansl,2,3
1

23

University of British Columbia, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
E-mail: bhunt@eos.ubc.ca
Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada
Department of Resource and Environmental Management, Simon Fraser University, 622 Strand Hall Annex 8888 University Dr.
Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5A 1S6

Coastal margins are dynamic zones at the interface between land and ocean that support complex and highly
productive ecosystems, and a range of essential ecosystem services. The Pacific Coastal Temperate Rainforest(PCTR), stretching from Oregon to Alaska, is a coastal margins hotspot. The PCTR is the world’s largest coastal
temperate rainforest and contributes massive seasonal discharge of freshwater, micro- and macronutrients tothe north east Pacific coastal ocean. The timing, quantity, and composition of these terrestrial inputs is strongly
effected by climate and land use practice, yet the role of terrestrial contributions in these coastal marine ecosystems
remains poorly understood. Additionally, the physics, chemistry and productivity of coastal oceans are driven byocean-climate systems, seasonally (e.g., upwelling / downwelling cycles; spring transition timing), inter-annually(ENSO, PDO), and in the long-term (e.g., warming; increasing CO2). Understanding the dynamics of coastal
ecosystems, and their response to climate and anthropogenic impacts, therefore requires an integrated approachthat considers interacting effects over a range of spatial and temporal scales. The Hakai Institute’s Coastal
Observatories combine high frequency field sampling with autonomous instrumentation to measure the interacting
effects of land-ocean-atmospheric forcing on marine ecosystems on the coast of British Columbia (central PCTR).
Here we outline the observatory framework through the presentation of two case studies: 1) The role of terrestrial
carbon in marine food webs – integrating stream discharge, oceanography, and biochemistry, stable isotope
analysis; and 2) Ecosystem level response to the “warm blob” in 2014/2015 - integrating oceanography withmicro and macrobiological observation.

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November 9, 11:30 (S13-11354)

Water quality comparison and ecological environment assessment during major andminor tides in near sea area of Fujian Province
Yang Luo1, Wanmin Ni2, Liping Jiao1, Haining Huang1 and Youyin Ye
1
2

Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: luoyang@tio.org.cn
Zhejiang International Studies University, Hangzhou, PR China

In order to evaluate the potential ecological risks of nearshore area of Fujian Province, four surveys on water
quality, marine sediments and marine biological quality at 20 monitoring sites were carried out during the springand neap tides in the autumn of 2010 and the spring of 2012. Diversity index (H′), uniformity (J′), abundance (d)and dominance (Y) were measured. The results showed that the background values of heavy metals in the waters
were generally low, but eutrophication was obvious. Eutrophication in the autumn was more severe than in thespring. The indices of inorganic nitrogen and active phosphate at all monitoring sites in autumn exceeded thequality standard for sea water. The average primary productivity of the sea area in the spring was 877.3 mgC•m2 -1•d , which was higher than that in the autumn (26.60 mgC•m-2•d-1). In the research area, there were 4 phyla, 97
species of phytoplankton in the sea water in spring. The composition of dominant species was diversified. The
average diversity index H’ in the two seasons was 3.28 and 1.52, respectively. The average abundance d was 0.87
and 0.41, respectively. The community structure of phytoplankton in the spring was unstable, and the marine
environment in the autumn was more suitable for the growth of a variety of phytoplankton.

November 9, 11:50 (S13-11076)

Multi-parameter observations of whales, zooplankton and hydrography on the west coastof Vancouver Island using ocean gliders
Tetjana Ross1, Rianna Burnham2, Tara Howatt3, Dave Duffus2 and Stephanie Waterman3
1
2
3

Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: tetjana.ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada.
Department Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

Whales are an important component of the coastal ocean; they are integral to marine ecosystems, exerting pressure
as top predators and planktivores, as well as cycling nutrients and sediments as they feed. They are also cultural
icons that drive much of the ecotourism industry in western Canada. Their presence and abundance vary on bothlarge and small temporal and spatial scales, driven largely by variation in their habitat. As whale habitat is definedby diverse biological and environmental factors, sustained multi-parameter observations that also include finescale examinations over space and time are required. We are addressing this need using ocean gliders, a mobileautonomous data-collection platform, and will report on the first of several deployments on the west coast of
Vancouver Island being undertaken as part of the MEOPAR-WHaLE project. The ocean gliders are equipped with
passive acoustics for whale detection and soundscape assessment, active acoustics to observe backscattering fromtheir zooplankton prey and hydrographic sensors to observe their physical oceanographic environment. This isa first look at coastal and across-shelf processes that may drive whale habitat use in the Northwest Pacific, andcomes at a time of altered oceanic regimes and increasing anthropogenic input to coastal systems. Additionally,
this experiment uses the mobile passive acoustics data to identify large baleen whale species in real time, withthe dual goals of managing ship strike risk and determining the location and timing of whale hotspots to anchor
planning for marine protected areas and endangered species management.

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November 9, 12:10 (S13-11372)

Advances in the science and technology underlying measurement of survival of juvenile
fish in the oceanDavid W. Welch, Erin L. Rechisky and Aswea D. Porter
Kintama Research Services Ltd., Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: david.welch@kintama.com

Major scientific progress often results from engineering advances allowing new scientific questions to be answered.
We present an example. Acoustic telemetry arrays provided the first direct measurements of early-marine survival
and migratory behavior for acoustic-tagged juvenile salmon. However, the large size of tags limited studies toonly the larger smolts (≥140 mm fork length until 2007, then ≥125mm FL starting in 2007). Very small acoustic
tags have recently become available, which allows implantation into smaller (≥100 mm) smolts, but at a cost: thetags have shorter range (<100 m). Because larger tags have detection ranges of 300m or 400m, to monitor thesame area of the ocean and achieve the same detection performance and statistical precision implies that 16-25
times more receivers would be needed in each monitoring subarray. In 2015 we developed and field-trialed a new
subarray geometry. Using only twice the density of receivers previously used resulted in detection performancefor free-ranging salmon smolts (74%, SE=10%) equivalent to that previously achieved for larger smolts. It is
now technically feasible to directly measure movements and survival in the coastal ocean for fish >100mm. The
way is now open to directly test scientific theories concerning the claimed impact of fish farms on wild salmon
smolt survival, as well as to quantify the movement biology of a host of other species in unprecedented detail. We
outline these results and review the tradeoffs between array design, tag detection efficiency, cost, and the accuracy
and precision of the resulting survival estimates.

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November 10
Plenary Session
Session 2
Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictors of Climate
Variability and Ecosystem Change
Session 3
Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine
Environment
Session 4
Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive Ecology ofMarine Populations
Session 9
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems under aChanging Climate
Session 10
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic
Forcing: Past, Present and Future
Session 12
Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in Ocean
Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North Pacific197

PICES-2016

Session 10
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural andAnthropogenic Forcing: Past, Present and Future
November 10, 09:00 (S10-11067)

Influence of phytoplankton-bacterial coupling on the export of biogenic carbon in theocean: Insights from iron enrichment experiments
Richard B. Rivkin1, M. Robin Anderson2 and Michelle Hale3
1
2
3

Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada. E-mail: rrivkin@mun.ca
Environmental Science Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, Newfoundland, Canada
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK

Marine heterotrophic and autotrophic microbes have a pivotal role in the marine biogeochemical cycle of carbon
and climate active gasses and nutrients. Generally more than half of the phytoplankton production (PP) is channeledthrough heterotrophic microbes, mainly bacterioplankton. Most of the PP is respired (R) by heterotrophic microbes
and the remainder is incorporated into food webs, i.e. zooplankton (Z) or renewable marine resources (F), or
exported (E) below the euphotic zone. At steady state Z and F is channeled toward R or E, hence PP = E + R.
In about 35% of the World Ocean, phytoplankton biomass is low and mesoscale Fe fertilization experiments
demonstrate that the low Fe concentrations in these areas limit phytoplankton production and growth. Studies
in these regions are potentially important for understanding paleoclimate processes as during the last glacial
maximum, wind-borne dust carried iron to Fe-limited regions of the ocean, stimulating PP and eventually leading
to the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and its export to depth. However, export requires that PP must escapemicrobial-mediated solubilisation and remineralization before carbon is then sequestered. Although the influenceof Fe enrichment on phytoplankton has been well studied, there is less information on the response of bacteria
and especially the degree of trophic coupling that leads to the retention vs. export of CO2 and biogenic carbon
in the upper ocean. Here, the trophic coupling of phytoplankton and bacteria is examined for all mesoscale Fe
fertilization experiments and the role of heterotrophic microbes in modulating E is assessed.

November 10, 09:20 (S10-11335)

The Response of Fisheries Production to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing: Past,
present and futureColleen M. Petrik1, Charles Stock1, Ken Andersen2, James Watson3 and Jorge Sarmiento1
1
2
3

Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. E-mail: colleen.petrik@noaa.gov
Technical University of Denmark, Charlottenlund Castle, Denmark
University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden

Many empirical relationships between commercial fish recruitment and population biomass with the environment
exist, however the mechanisms behind these relationships are rarer. These mechanisms are often region-specificand can dissolve over time. We seek a mechanistic understanding of the variability of commercial fish recruitment
and population biomass with respect to natural and anthropogenic forcing, both historically and with futureclimate change. To do so, we have developed a global stage- and size-based mechanistic model that represents
the immature and mature stages of forage fishes, large pelagic fishes, and large demersal fishes. In this talkwe will present preliminary results of fish biomass under (1) pristine non-anthropogenic historical forcing (noanthropogenic CO2, no fishing), (2) historical climate without fishing, (3) historical climate with fishing, (4) andprojected business-as-usual climate and fishing. The stepwise addition of forcings in simulations 1-3 separate
the effects of each, while simulation 4 forecasts the potential fish biomass response to integrated natural andanthropogenic forcings of climate and fishing. Specific attention will be paid to North Pacific ecosystems.

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November 10, 09:40 (S10-11218)

Non-analogue ecosystem states in the Gulf of Alaska
Michael Litzow1, Lorenzo Ciannelli2, Ryan Rykaczewski3, Emanuele Di Lorenzo4, Michael Opiekun3, Patricia
Puerta2 and Megan Stachura5
1
2
3
4
5

Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: litzow@faralloninstitute.org
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
Seattle, WA, USA

For much of the 20th Century, winter sea surface temperature in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) was correlated withpopulation status for a wide variety of fish and crustacean taxa. However, these temperature-biology relationships
abruptly deteriorated after 1988/89. Correlations between temperature and other ecologically important climateparameters (freshwater discharge, upwelling intensity, salinity at depth) also changed sign in 1988/89. We proposethat the GOA made a switch between non-analogue climate states in 1988/89. Non-analogue climate states are
distinct patterns of covariation among individual climate parameters that are symptomatic of nonstationary
relationships among fundamental climate processes. Specifically, we hypothesize that changing temperaturebiology relationships are related to nonstationary relationships among GOA climate parameters resulting fromreorganization of basin-scale climate as NPGO variability replaced PDO variability. We use a combination of
statistical ecological modeling and numerical ocean models to test this hypothesis. Observations of ecologicalresponses to non-analogue climate states are extremely rare. However, non-analogue climate states are well known
from paleoecology, and are predicted as a widespread outcome of anthropogenic climate change. Non-analogue
states in the GOA imply that observations from one ecosystem state may not be useful for making inferences aboutclimate-biology links in another state. This has obvious implications for predicting ecological responses to futureclimate change. Understanding of non-analogue ecosystem states also suggests a new framework for assessing theecological importance of ongoing climate perturbations, such as the recent Warm Blob/El Niño event.

November 10, 10:00 (S10-11260)

Applications of downscaled regional ocean biophysical models: Forecasting indicatorsand fish habitat
Ivonne Ortiz1, Al Hermann1, Chris Rooper2, Ned Laman2, Stephani Zador2 and Kerim Aydin2
1

2

Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: ivonne@u.washington.edu
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA.

We use model output from downscaled climate forecast simulations for the Bering Sea to evaluate future effects
of climate change on selected ecosystem indicators and fish habitat. The forecasts (2002-2039) used forcing files
from multiple general circulation models that were part of the Coupled Inter-comparison Project 3 and 5 (CMIP3,
CMIP5) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The selected general circulation models
were chosen based on their ability to capture key features of the eastern Bering Sea: decadal variability and sea
ice dynamics. Prior work on ecosystem assessment and essential fish habitat (EFH) identified three key ecosystem
indicators (cold pool extent, sea ice retreat, and mean zooplankton biomass), and developed habitat models for
economically important groundfish in the eastern Bering Sea. We use walleye pollock as a case study, as it is themain commercial groundfish in the US with total annual catches in excess of one million tons. These applications
range from non-spatial time series suitable for use as forcing functions in other models, to geographically
explicit weekly, annual or decadal averages suitable to address changes in weekly climatologies or geographicaldistributions. We emphasize the importance of evaluating the performance of the general circulation models forthe region of interest as well as the performance of the downscaled regional model to capture the chosen indicatorsand relevant features. While downscaled forecast ensemble means provide general trends, the evaluation of avariety of forecasts captures some of the range in the variability of future outcomes and their implications for
management.

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S2: BIO/TCODE/FIS Topic Session
Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictors of Climate
Variability and Ecosystem Change
November 10, 10:50 (S2-11356)

Climate change, stock identification, and the distribution of early life stages
Jonathan A. Hare, Harvey J. Walsh, Katrin E. Marancik and David E. Richardson
NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Narragansett, Rhode Island, USA. E-mail: jon.hare@noaa.gov

Defining stock boundaries is a fundamental step in fishery stock assessments. These spatial boundaries determine
the area over which biological and fishery data is aggregated for use in the assessment. Population structure –a biological attribute – does not directly equate to stock structure – an assessment and management construct– but in general stocks should not spilt a population without explicit consideration of management of one
population as multiple stocks. Climate change and long-term climate variability is resulting in changes in species
distributions and stock boundaries should be reconsidered in light of these distribution changes. Study of earlylife stages provides a component of the interdisciplinary approach to stock identification. Distribution patterns
reveal information about spawning locations. Distinct spawning locations in time and space are a prerequisite,
but not determinative, of population structure, as a species’ seasonal and age-based migrations can complicate
interpretation of spawning locations. Changes in climate (long-term change or multi-decadal variability) canaffect early life stage distributions through shifts in spawning locations, changes in larval dispersal, and changes
in larval survival. These various factors will be examined in an analysis of larval distributions and stock structure
for species inhabiting the Northeast U.S. Shelf. The utility of early life stages in informing stock structure andunderstanding population structure will also be reviewed.

November 10, 11:15 (S2-10930)

Climate-driven growth potential affects recruitment signals in coastal age-0 cod surveys
from the Atlantic and Pacific
Benjamin J. Laurel1, David Cote2, Robert S. Gregory3, Lauren Rogers4,5, Halvor Knutsen4,6,7 and Esben Moland
Olsen4,6,7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: ben.laurel@noaa.gov
AMEC, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL, Canada
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
Institute of Marine Research, His, Norway

Climate-driven impacts in cod fisheries will likely be manifested in regions where early ontogenetic stages are
exposed to thermal stress. Both age-0 Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
use coastal nursery habitats with high seasonal and annual temperature variation, but time series data from theseregions is sparse compared to offshore regions where adult populations are typically assessed. In this study, we
compiled coastal time-series of beach seine data from the Gulf of Alaska, Newfoundland and Norway to test the
hypothesis that recruitment signals are stronger when assessed under thermal conditions that provide high juvenile
growth potential. We selected these coastal regions because they: 1) have direct measures of abundance for age0 and age-1 gadid life stages, and 2) reflect the broad marine environmental characteristics of ‘Sub-Arctic’ (NE
Newfoundland) ‘North Temperate’ (SE Norway) and ‘Boreal’ (Gulf of Alaska) ecosystems. Both the statisticaland mechanistic growth models supported the hypothesis; weaker recruitment signals were associated with low
growth potential from cold winters (Newfoundland) and recent warmer summers (Norway). We conclude that:1) temperature-dependent growth strongly influences the ability to forecast recruitment among regions, and 2)
temporal changes in growth potential (e.g., via climate change) will likely affect recruitment signals by way ofchanges in juvenile mortality or spatial shifts to more favorable thermal habitats.
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November 10, 11:35 (S2-11000)

Decadal-scale changes in larval fish abundance and composition in the Strait of Georgia(British Columbia, Canada)
Lu Guan1, John Dower1, Skip McKinnell2, Pierre Pepin3 and Stephane Gauthier4
12
34School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: lguan@uvic.ca
Salmoforsk International Environmental Consulting, Victoria, BC, Canada
Biological and Physical Oceanography Section, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada

The Strait of Georgia (SoG) is an important nursery ground for commercially valuable fish species on the west
coast of Canada. Prior to our study, very little was known about either the status or possible changes of theichthyoplankton community in this coastal basin. Mining of historical data repositories has found that spatiallyintensive sampling of ichthyoplankton had occurred in the SoG during the late 1960s (1966-1969) and the early
1980s (1980 and 1981) in addition to our sampling in the late 2000s (2007, 2009 and 2010). Comparing the threeeras, it can be seen that lingcod (Ophinodon elongates) and Eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus), which are now
endangered species under the Species at Risk Act (Canada), were in high abundance in larval fish assemblages
in the late 1960s compared to the decades that followed. The average concentration of dominant species in the
1980s, Merluccius productus, Theragra chalcogramma, Leuroglossus schmidti, and Sebastes spp., had declinedby the late 2000s. In contrast, the absolute concentration and proportion of Pleuronectidae and several demersal
fish taxa had increased in the spring larval assemblage by the 2000s. Examination of the associations between
larval fish assemblages and environmental fluctuations suggests that large-scale climate processes are potential
contributors to variations in overall larval concentrations of the dominant taxa and assemblage composition in
the SoG. In addition to the field surveys, development of time-series estimates of larval fish productivity by using
acoustic technique (parallel transects followed by mark-identification multinet sampling) has been explored in the
SoG pelagic ecosystem.

November 10, 11:55 (S2-11177)

The spring spawning habitats of small pelagic fish in northwestern Mexico
Jose A. Valencia and Timothy Baumgartner
Centro de Investigación Científica y Educación Superior de Ensenada, Ensenada, Mexico. E-mail: augusto.valencia@uabc.edu.mx

Small pelagic fishes are a shared fishery resource in the California Current System. The shifts in ocean conditions
over seasonal and interannual changes result in displacement in geographic distribution and availability of stocks.
We evaluated the favorable to unfavorable spawning habitat of sardine, anchovy and both mackerel species andtheir relations with large-scale fluctuations in the wind field. Data were collected by CUFES and their habitat
conditions were evaluated during spring of 2000 to 2005 using thermohaline data. Results showed shifts in the
Pacific high-pressure system that causes a direct response in the northwesterly winds and the offshore Ekman
transport. The physicochemical characteristics of the habitat occupied by pelagic fishes are modified by changes
in the width of the coastal zone and the position of the upwelling front. These conditions may be illustrated bycontrasting the conditions observed during 2002 and 2003. In 2002, an enhanced high pressure forcing consistent
with increased alongshore equatorward winds produced more upwelling along the coast that in turn extended the
distribution of eggs of all species offshore. In contrast, winds during 2003 weakened and produced a relaxationof the coastal sea surface height gradient. The oligotrophic region moved onshore, driven mainly by wind-stresscurl, and significant increased abundances of jack mackerel eggs compared to the other species were observed.
Although the wind field continuously induced changes in the ocean conditions, habitat selection by these different
species provides a natural system of organization for their separation into units that are managed as fishery stocks.

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November 10, 12:15 (S2-11222)

Variability, collapse, and recovery of forage fish populations
Sam McClatchie1, Andrew R. Thompson1, Ingrid L. Hendy2 and William Watson1
1

2

NOAA Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Resources Division, 8901 La Jolla Shores Drive, La Jolla, CA,
USA. E-mail: sam.mcclatchie@noaa.gov
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

We use a unique combination of a 500-year paleorecord and a 60 year survey off southern California to determine
intrinsic variability, collapse frequency, cross-correlation, persistence and return times of exploited forage fish
populations. We find no evidence that commercial fishing increased the variability of forage fishes beyond the
intrinsic natural variability. The paleorecord shows that “collapse” (defined as < 10% of the mean peak biomass)
is a normal state repeatedly experienced by anchovy, hake and sardine which were collapsed 29 − 40% of the time,prior to commercial fishing exploitation. Mean (±SD) persistence of 1/3 mean peak biomass from the paleorecord
was 19±18, 15 ± 17, and 12 ± 7 years for anchovy, hake, and sardine. Mean return times to the same biomass
was 8 years for anchovy, but 22 years for sardine and hake. Further, we find that the current paradigm of sardineanchovy alternations is incorrect, and that sardine and anchovy are positively correlated on the 500-year timescale, consistent with coherent declines of both species off California. Persistence and return times, combined withpositive sardine-anchovy correlation indicates that on average 1−2 decades of fishable biomass will be followedby 1−2 decades of low forage. Forage populations are resilient on the 500-year time scale, but their collapse andrecovery cycle is fitted to pulsed exploitation strategies.

November 10, 13:55 (S2-11343)

Decadal changes in abundance and distribution of early life stages of fish in the Kuroshio
Current system
Akinori Takasuka1, Hiroshi Kuroda2, Takeshi Okunishi3, Michio Yoneda4, Chiyuki Sassa5, Motomitsu Takahashi5,
Patricia Ayón6 and Yoshioki Oozeki7
1

2
3
4
5
6
7

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: takasuka@affrc.go.jp
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Kushiro, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Shiogama, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, FRA, Imabari, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Nagasaki, Japan
Instituto del Mar del Perú, Callao, Perú
Headquarters, FRA, Yokohama, Japan

We firstly review long-term monitoring programs for ichtyoplankton in the Kuroshio Current system, along withsome examples taken from other current systems. Then, we introduce our studies on early life stages of fish basedon data from egg and larval surveys off the Pacific coast of Japan. Small pelagic fish have exhibited cyclic anddramatic patterns in response to climate changes at large spatial and temporal scales. A prominent example isthe out-of-phase population oscillations between anchovy and sardine (species alternations). The pooled data
set allowed us to extract representative patterns of spawning responses to environmental factors (temperature,salinity, zooplankton volume, and chlorophyll-a concentration) for multiple species of small pelagic fish. A series
of interspecific and intersystem comparisons revealed that the spawning responses to environmental factors are
species-specific rather than genus-specific, which we consider is key to understanding biological mechanisms
behind climate impacts on species alternations and the synchronous patterns of species alternations across the
Pacific. The decadal changes in egg and larval abundance well reflected the patterns of species alternations
responding to climate changes in the Kuroshio Current system. However, there were more or less discrepancies
between egg and larval abundance and adult stock biomass in the long term. The processes of discrepancies need
to be understood for early life stages to be used as indicators and predictors of climate variability and ecosystemchange. We interpret such discrepancies in the context of maternal effects and survival variability during the earlylife stages.

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November 10, 14:20 (S2-11189)

Two walleye pollock stocks around Japan under different recruitment control mechanism
Tetsuichiro Funamoto1, Masamichi Watanobe2, Tadashi Misaka3, Takayuki Honma4, Kazuhiko Itaya5 and Osamu
Shida512
3
4
5

Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan
E-mail: tetsuf@fra.affrc.go.jp
Hakodate Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
Wakkanai Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan
Central Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Yoichi, Hokkaido, Japan
Kushiro Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan

Strong year classes (SYCs) of two walleye pollock stocks around Japan, Japanese Pacific stock (JPS) and northern
Japan Sea stock (JSS), show some contrasting characteristics. For example, SYCs of JPS are characterized
by large body size and early hatching period of larvae and juveniles, and no relationship is observed between
numbers of JPS larvae/juveniles and recruitment. In contrast, SYCs of JSS are marked by small body size and latehatching period of juveniles, and a strong positive relationship is recognized between numbers of JSS juveniles
and recruitment. It is likely that different predation pressure and larval food availability between the two stocks
causes these contrasting traits. For JPS, predation pressure is high mainly due to strong cannibalism, implying thatlarge body size (i.e. high capability to escape) is more important to become a SYC than high abundance at earlylife stages. This probably results in no relationship between number of larvae/juveniles and recruitment, and early
hatching period is profitable for large body size. On the other hand, for JSS, predation pressure is low becauseof habitat separation between juveniles and adults, but larval food availability is also low. Therefore, high larval
survival until the spring bloom is more important for a SYC than large body size. Late hatching period is beneficial
for high numbers of survivors, because the larval period under poor food condition is shortened. In addition, thenumber of survivors may result in positive relationships between numbers of juveniles and recruitment. There isa possibility that recruitment of JPS follows the “bigger is better” theory, whereas that of JSS follows the “matchmismatch” theory.

November 10, 14:40 (S2-11043)

Specific gravity measurements on mackerel eggs and larvae and implications forinterannual variability in recruitment
Hwahyun Lee1, Sukyung Kang2, Kyungmi Jung2, Suam Kim1, and Sukgeun Jung3
1
2
3

Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: proxima07@hanmail.net
National Institute on Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea
Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea

Based on earlier measurements on the specific gravity of Pacific mackerel (Scomber japonicus) eggs in Koreanwaters, we extended our experiments to the larval stage, because the vertical distribution of fish eggs and larvae
are crucial components for determining spatial distribution patterns as well as recruitment variability. The specificgravity of artificially-fertilized eggs and larvae was measured in a density-gradient water column during thespring of 2014-2015. The egg specific gravity during the early egg stage ranged from 1.0203-1.0211, but a sudden
increase to 1.0249 occurred just before hatching. However, during experiments conducted in 2014 and 2015, thespecific gravity of hatching larvae was very low (1.0195), and tended to increase (1.0233-1.0315) continuously
from 4 to 16 days after hatching. For 6 days, especially for 4- to 9-day old larvae, specific gravity measurement
showed a diel pattern: the specific gravity observed was highest in the evening while it was lowest at dawn.
Diel variation in stomach fullness of larvae was speculated for the observed differences in specific gravity. Thechanging pattern of specific gravity within a diel period might be an explanation for how mackerel larvae could
occupy the surface during night, and inhabit deeper layers during the day through evening hours. Interannual
variability in the seawater density of mackerel habitats resulted in different vertical distribution and advection
processes, and may consequently affect recruitment variability of mackerel stocks in Korean waters.

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November 10, 15:00 (S2-11106)

Comparative larval growth and mortality of mesopelagic fishes and their predatory
impact on zooplankton in the Kuroshio waters
Chiyuki Sassa and Motomitsu Takahashi
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, Japan
E-mail: csassa@fra.affrc.go.jp

Extensive larval fish sampling has been conducted in the world’s oceans to examine the recruitment processesof commercially valuable species. Although the larvae of non-commercial mesopelagic fishes usually dominate
the larval fish assemblage, detailed investigations of their ecology are limited to those essential for assessing
ecosystem structure and dynamics. Here, we examined the growth and mortality of six numerically dominantmesopelagic fish larvae and their predatory impact on zooplankton in the Kuroshio waters off southern Japan
during late winter where spawning grounds of various commercially valuable pelagic fish and squid are formed.
The weight-specific instantaneous growth coefficient (GW) ranged from 0.076 (Sigmops gracilis) to 0.156 day-1(Vinciguerria nimbaria), while the instantaneous daily mortality coefficient (M) ranged from 0.064 (S. gracilis)
to 0.143 day-1 (Myctophum asperum). The ratio GW/M, an index of stage-specific survival of the larvae, was from
0.89 (Notoscopelus japonicus) to 1.25 (V. nimbaria), without a significant difference from a value of 1 in all
species, indicating that growth and mortality are well-balanced in each species. Based on the reported relationships
between GW and ingestion rate of the marine fish larvae, the daily ration of each species was calculated to be 32.1–
57.2% of dry body weight day-1, and mean and 95% confidential interval of prey consumption of the larvae was
3.10 ± 0.85 mg dry weight m-2 day-1. Predatory impact of the mesopelagic fish larvae on biomass and production
rate of the available prey was estimated to be approximately 1 and 5% day-1, respectively, implying that the larvae
have some effect on zooplankton production in the oligotrophic Kuroshio waters.

November 10, 15:20 (S2-11381)

Effects of global warming and ocean acidification on population recruitment and growthof marine economic species
Qinzeng Xu, Zongxing Wang, Xuelei Zhang and Shiliang FanCenter for Marine Ecology Research, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, PR China
E-mail: zhangxl@fio.org.cn

Global warming and ocean acidification (OA) are among the major challenges to marine ecosystems. Seawatertemperature increases may affect the generation succession and population recruitment of marine organisms.
OA also affects the growth of many species, especially those in cultivation. Effective Accumulated Temperature(EAC) for gonad and embryos of common cultured species in China were calculated. The results show thatdifferent kinds of species had different EAC. The larval development of cephalopods needed more temperatureacclimation. The meta-analysis was also conducted on the OA’s impact on the main culture species. Different
groups of organisms had different growth responses to OA.

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November 10, 15:40 (S2-11145)

Effects of temperature and prey abundances on larval growth rates of Carangid fishes inthe East China Sea
Motomitsu Takahashi and Chiyuki Sassa
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, Japan. E-mail: takahamt@fra.affrc.go.jp

We examined relationships between instantaneous growth rate five days prior to the collection of Carangid fishes,
jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, and environmental conditions measured
at the fish collection sites during 2005-2010 in the East China Sea. Since the instantaneous growth rate changed
with somatic growth, individual growth rate was standardized based on the mean and the standard deviation of 1
mm size classes as individual relative growth. Ambient temperature for T. japonicus and S. quinqeradiata wererepresented by water temperature at 20 m and at the sea surface, respectively. Prey abundance was represented byabundances of Oncaeidae and Paracalanidae copepodites for both species. Mean relative growth of T. japonicus
was a positive function of temperature at 20 m and abundance of both prey organisms, while mean relative growthof S. quinqeradiata was a positive function of temperature but not of prey abundances. Mean relative growth of T.
japonicus increased from 2005 to 2008 and then gradually decreased after 2009, and it showed comparative trends
in prey abundances. Meanwhile, mean relative growth of S. quinqeradiata fluctuated interannually, which wascomparative with temperature but not with prey abundances. This indicates that interannual variability in larval
growth of T. japonicus is determined more strongly by prey abundance rather than ambient temperature, whilelarval growth of S. quinqeradiata is affected more strongly by ambient temperature rather than prey abundance.
Thus, environmental variables affecting larval growth is species-specific for Carangid fishes in the East China Sea.

November 10, 16:20 (S2-11292)

Examining ichthyoplankton across spatial and temporal scales as an approach to promote
understanding and management of fisheries across Large Marine Ecosystems
Janet Duffy-Anderson1, Toby Auth3, Richard Brodeur2, Peter Davison4, Esther Goldstein1, Tony Koslow4, Lauren
Rogers1 and Elizabeth Siddon5
1

2
3
4
5

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, Washington, 98115 USA
E-mail: janet.duffy-anderson@noaa.gov
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, Oregon, 97365 USA
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Newport, OR, USA
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Auke Bay, AK, USA

Changing climate and oceanographic conditions have sparked significant concern for cascading biologicalconsequences that can impact the overall structure and functioning of large marine ecosystems. In particular,
climate impacts to marine fisheries have received considerable focus due to the potential ramifications forcommunities and stakeholders who depend on the sound, sustainable management of natural resources. The
processes that shape fisheries dynamics are complex and non-linear, occurring across a range of spatial, temporal,
and organizational scales (individual, population, species, community, ecosystem). One approach to macroscale fishery management is to develop scale-dependent, tiered management strategies that, taken together,offer a comprehensive approach to addressing a problem that is inherently cross-scale. We illustrate this tiered
approach using studies based on ichthyoplankton time series data collected along the US west coast from southern
California to Alaska. These data result from long-term monitoring programs supported by the National Oceanicand Atmospheric Administration’s National Marine Fisheries Service. We showcase how directed studies atselected scales can inform comprehensive Ecosystem Based Fishery Management, and can be used to develop
sensitivity metrics to forecast future perturbations from the individual to the ecosystem level.

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November 10, 16:45 (S2-11096)

The influence of climate on the biodiversity and community structure of fishes in thesouthern California Current, 1969 – 2011
J. Anthony Koslow1, Helena McMonagle2 and William Watson3
1
2
3

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California SD, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: jkoslow@ucsd.edu
Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, La Jolla, CA, USA

Previous analyses of CalCOFI ichthyoplankton time series indicated dramatic changes in the abundance of fish
populations of the southern California Current System (CCS): a decline by >60% of ~24 midwater fish taxa in
response to reduced oxygen concentrations at midwater depths, and a decline by ~70% of key CCS endemics andcool-water affinity taxa since 1969. We show here these abundance changes are associated with changes in thediversity of the CCS fish community. Species richness was positively associated with relatively high midwater
oxygen concentration, the warm phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the Multivariate ENSO Index, and warm
near-surface temperatures. On the other hand, the decline of CCS endemics and cool-water affinity taxa was not
associated with a change in species richness. However, the markedly reduced abundance of several dominanttaxa significantly enhanced the evenness of the fish community. Community structure overall, however, changed
relatively little, although regional warming led to the appearance of several rare warm-water affinity taxa and amodest shift toward increasing dominance of the main warm-water affinity taxa. However, there was little change
in the rank order of the most abundant taxa, and the list of the 15 most abundant taxa remained virtually unchanged
between periods of high and low species richness and evenness. Overall, fish community structure in the CCS hasremained stable in recent decades, despite marked changes in abundance of entire suites of species and significant
change in several biological diversity indices.

November 10, 17:05 (S2-11237)

Patterns and processes: Spatial and temporal variability in ichthyoplankton assemblages
across the Gulf of Alaska
Esther D. Goldstein, Janet T. Duffy-Anderson and Ann C. Matarese
Recruitment Processes Program, Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA
Fisheries, Seattle, WA USA. E-mail: esther.goldstein@noaa.gov

Understanding the drivers of spatial and temporal patterns in ichthyoplankton distributions is critical to predicting
fish community responses to ecosystem processes and climate variability. The Gulf of Alaska (GOA) is an
important habitat for a diversity of commercial fisheries species, however, the eastern and western GOA are
likely influenced by differing biogeographic patterns, habitat, and oceanographic conditions, and thus may
support distinct sub-regional species assemblages. The objectives of this study are to determine the biological andphysical processes that influence spatial and temporal patterns of ichthyoplankton communities, transport, and thescenarios that promote connections or divergences in fish assemblages across the GOA. To address patterns andchanges in fish assemblages, we utilized six years of ichthyoplankton collections from the eastern and western
GOA in conjunction with physical oceanographic data including temperature, salinity, and oceanographic currents
measured by drifters. Additionally, we compared sub-regional species assemblages to determine the influence oflife-history characteristics on ichthyoplankton community composition. The interactions between oceanographic
and biological processes ultimately determine variability in species assemblages across the GOA. Such patterns
can provide information to predict juvenile recruitment and to estimate adult population sizes that are critical tothe management of fisheries and marine ecosystems.

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November 10, 17:25 (S2-11276)

Basin-scale ichthyoplankton response to environmental change in the northeastern Pacific
OceanPeter C. Davison1,2, J. Anthony Koslow2, Janet Duffy-Anderson3 and Ric Brodeur41234National Research Council, Washington DC, USA. E-mail: pdavison@ucsd.edu
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA
National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
National Marine Fisheries Service Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR, USA.

Many studies have linked local changes in ichthyoplankton abundance to climate forcing. We examine fiveichthyoplankton time series spanning 35 degrees of latitude in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, and note similarities
and differences in their temporal response to local and basin-scale forcing from the species to the community
level. Whereas the dominant patterns of community change along the west coast of North American are often
correlated with indices of basin-scale climate, such as the PDO, individual species with wide-spread distribution
often differ in their response to local variables with latitude, presumably as local conditions change relative totheir evolutionary niche.

November 10, 17:45 (S2-11341)

Changes in the ichthyoplankton in the northern California Current during the 2015-16
warm ‘blob’ and El Niño phenomena
Toby D. Auth, Elizabeth Daly, Richard Brodeur and Jennifer Fisher
Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: tauth@psmfc.org

Anomalously warm ocean conditions occurring in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from late 2014 to early 2015,
commonly referred to as the ‘blob’, were followed by the strongest El Niño event ever recorded, that lasted intolate-spring 2016. To investigate the effects of these phenomena on the ichthyoplankton community in the region,
we examined biweekly, nearshore (1-25 nm offshore) larval fish samples collected off the Newport Hydrographic(NH) line along the central Oregon coast in winter (January-March) 2015 and 2016, and compared them to similarcollections in 1998-2014. Total larval concentrations in winter 2015 and 2016 were higher than in any of the othercomparative years. Larvae of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), a normally summer spawning species, were
found in high concentrations throughout the winter of 2015 and 2016, as were Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax)
larvae, which are normally spawned south of our region in summer, and have never before been collected in thenorthern California Current (NCC) as early in the year. After examining additional samples, we found northernanchovy present in the ichthyoplankton as late as mid-October 2015 and as early as early-January 2016. Also,
we found high concentrations of larval Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), which are normally spawned southof our region during spring, in samples collected 35-105 nm offshore along the NH line in February 2016. Thesefindings suggest that the phenology of several important fish species in the NCC dramatically and rapidly changed
in response to the warming conditions occurring from fall 2014 through spring 2016.

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S3: MEQ Topic Session
Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine Environment
November 10, 15:10 (S3-11366)

Sources, behaviour and environmental impacts of petroleum hydrocarbons released into
the marine environment
Kenneth Lee
Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific Industrial Research (CSIRO), Australian Resources Research Centre, Kensington, WA,
Australia. E-mail: ken.lee@csiro.au

Petroleum hydrocarbons remain as a primary fuel source for global transportation and a vital material resource
for industrialized nations. The world at large consumes 30 billion barrels (4.8 km³) of crude oil per year. To
meet both domestic and international demand, oil must be transported from where it is recovered, including
offshore reserves, to where it will be refined and ultimately, used. As recent events have demonstrated, accidental
releases of petroleum hydrocarbons (e.g., oil spills from offshore platforms, ships, and pipelines) into the marine
environment will continue to occur, despite advances in technologies and safety protocols.
Do we have sufficient knowledge about how crude oils and its refined products behave when released into ouroceans, to develop effective strategies for spill preparedness, spill response and remediation? In addition to the“catastrophic oil spills” reported by the media, do we fully understand the ecological impacts associated withnatural (e.g., oil seeps) and operational waste discharges (e.g., produced water disposal from offshore platforms)of petroleum hydrocarbons?
Studies have demonstrated that the unique chemical properties of various types of oil, including non-conventional
products such as diluted-bitumen, influence their transport, fate, and potential impacts on aquatic organisms.
Based on a review of published case studies, it has been concluded that the overall impact of an oil spill, including
the effectiveness of an oil spill response, depends mainly on site specific environmental conditions and the time
lost before remedial operations. Limitations in the availability of pre-spill baseline data and information on theefficacy of spill response tools have impeded the selection of optimal spill response plans and our ability tomonitor and predict the long-term effects. Based on the identification of knowledge gaps, recommendations are
given on how we should optimize the outcome of multi-disciplinary research programs to improve future policies,
regulations and practices to ensure the protection of our oceans and their living resources.

November 10, 15:40 (S3-10885)

Physiological responses of marine phytoplankton to oil exposure in the context of the2015 oil spill in the Santa Barbara Channel
Tanika M. Ladd, Jessica A. Bullington, Andrea Valdez-Schulz, Paul G. Matson and M. Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez
University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, USA. E-mail: tanika.ladd@lifesci.ucsb.edu

On May 19, 2015 an onshore pipeline about 20 miles west of Santa Barbara (California, U.S.A.) leaked between
101,000 and 140,000 gallons of crude oil with an estimated 21,000 gallons entering the ocean. The timing of thisspill coincided with the spring phytoplankton bloom in the Santa Barbara Channel. Throughout May 2015, thetoxin (domoic acid) forming diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., was abundant and, in early June, an unprecedented
coccolithophore bloom, largely represented by Emiliania huxleyi, was observed. Although relatively understudied
in the context of oil spills, the responses of individual phytoplankton groups and phytoplankton communities tooil exposure in previous experiments have shown high variability likely due to species-specific sensitivity to oil,
initial community composition, and the type and amount of oil used. We conducted laboratory experiments in order
to assess physiological impacts of the oil spill on two important phytoplankton species, Pseudo-nitzschia australis
and Emiliania huxleyi, present in the local environment at the time of the spill. Batch cultures of phytoplankton
were grown in nutrient-supplemented media with or without oil to determine how growth, photosynthetic health,domoic acid production (only in P. australis), calcification (only in E. huxleyi), and transparent exopolymer
production are altered in the presence of this contaminant. This talk will discuss the results of these experiments inthe context of the Santa Barbara Channel environmental conditions at the time of the oil spill and the implications
for the local ecosystem and human health.
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November 10, 16:20 (S3-11034)

Photo-oxidation of crude fuel and its toxicity to marine amphipods
Hideaki Maki1, Takehiko Hiwatari1, Kunio Kohata2
12National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. E-mail: hidemaki@nies.go.jp
Center for Environmental Science in Saitama, 914 Kamitanadare, Kazo, Saitama, JapanTo simulate one of the weathering processes of spilled crude fuel in the marine environment, we conducted alaboratory-scale experiment of sunlight-irradiation of a fuel patch on seawater. A drastic decline of the aromatic
fraction in the crude fuel by sunlight-irradiation was observed. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration
as well as ultra-violet (UV) absorbance in seawater were found to linearly increase with the duration of sunlightirradiation, while no intensive increases in DOC and UV absorbance was observed in the dark control. The
seawater under the sunlight-irradiated fuel patch was withdrawn and subjected to acute toxicity test by using anamphipods, Hyale barbicornis, which showed significant increase in mortality of tested amphipods with durationof sunlight-irradiation, while no significant increase in mortality was observed in the dark control. Water-solublecompounds formed by photo-oxidation of the crude fuel were subjected to gas chromatography equipped witha mass spectrometer after solid phase extraction. Some ketones were detected from the sweater under sunlightirradiated crude fuel, and some analogous aromatic ketones such as acetophenone and their alkylated-homologues
were individually subjected to the amphipods toxicity test. These ketones showed toxicities to amphipods andthe increment of the number of methyl group bonded to acetophenone contributed to the increase in toxicity.
However, these ketone compounds were unlikely to cover whole toxicity exerted by the seawater under sunlightirradiated fuel.

November 10, 16:40 (S3-11195)

In situ formation of oil-suspended particulate matter aggregate during flushing activities
Andrew Loh1,2, Un Hyuk Yim1,2, Sung Yong Ha1 and Joon Geon An1
1
2

Oil and POPs research group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, R Korea. E-mail: uhyim@kiost.ac.kr
Marine Environmental Science Major, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

After the collision of the Singapore-registered oil tanker, Wu Yi San into the oil terminal of Yeosu port, approximately
800 tons of oil mixture was released from the ruptured pipelines. Emergency oil spill responses were performed
to recover and clean the spilled oil in a short period of time. However, considerable amounts of residual oils were
found along a beach located 2 km from the accident site during a monitoring program a year after the spill. In an
attempt to remediate the residual oil, the beach was subject to consecutive flushing: seawater under high pressure
was repeatedly applied over residual oil-sediment mixtures. Resuspended residual oils were collected throughsnares and adsorption pads. During the flushing operation, large amounts of suspended particulate matters (SPM)
were also resuspended, which promoted oil-SPM interactions, providing favorable conditions for formationof oil-SPM aggregate (OSA). In situ formation of OSA was identified by microscopic and chemical analysis.
Large size multiple droplet type OSA was dominant. Mass balance of resuspended oil in various forms wasestimated by laboratory OSA simulation using natural seawater and spilled oil. The percentage of surface oil slick,neutral buoyancy OSA, and negative buoyancy OSA were calculated as 52.2±10.7, 32.2±9.8, and 15.6±3.5%,
respectively. The neutral buoyancy OSA remained stable for more than 3 months, which might be sufficient
time for biodegradation. Flushing activities in turbid environments were found to increase the availability ofre-suspended SPM, which (1) minimized oil recoalescence and/or adhesion to the shoreline, (2) increased oil
dispersion, and (3) enhanced natural biodegradations.

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November 10, 17:00 (S3-11208)

How far will it go? The estimation of oil spill extents from surface drifter data
Charles Hannah1, Hauke Blanken2, Tamás Juhász1 and Stephen Page1
12

Fisheries and Ocean Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: charles.hannah@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

Oil spill response planning and risk assessments are generally based on numerical modelling studies, which
are driven by output from ocean circulation models. This approach is well-established, and very useful whereoperational circulation models of the study area exist. But what if this is not the case? Establishing a newcirculation model capable of accurately resolving the complex dynamics of the upper few meters of the ocean is
an arduous task, especially in coastal areas. In this talk, we present an observation-based statistical model of oil
spill extents that is complementary to the numerical modelling process. Starting in 2014, 232 surface drifters of anovel design have been released in the Douglas Channel area of British Columbia. The behaviour of these drifters
closely mimics that of oil, as we have confirmed by comparing the drifter tracks to observations from a previous
oil spill in the area. By analysing the data from these drifters, we establish a simple statistical model for predicting
the evolution of an oil spill’s extent through time.

November 10, 17:20 (S3-11216)

A framework to assess vulnerability of biological components to oil spilled in the marine
environment
Lucie Hannah, Kate Thornborough, Candice St. Germain and Miriam O
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans, Government of Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: Miriam.O@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

In support of the development of oil spill response planning, we have developed a framework for identifying
biological components which may be most affected by oil. The framework uses a set of criteria which allows
for a structured approach to guide the selection of the biological components most sensitive to oil. Criteria are
divided in three categories: Exposure, Sensitivity and Recovery, each encompassing several criteria. Criteria areapplied to species groupings, which in this top-down approach eliminates requirements for assembling species
lists at the onset of the process. Criteria are envisaged to be consistent and broad enough to be usable in a varietyof environments. Criteria scoring and a screening process produce the primary outcome of the framework: a listof species sub-groups identified as being most vulnerable to spilled oil. Another important outcome of this workis the identification of knowledge gaps to prioritise future research. This framework is currently being piloted infour different locations on the East and West coasts of Canada (Salish Sea, St. Lawrence, Port Hawkesbury, Bayof Fundy). A full application of this framework has been completed for the Salish Sea and will be presented. We
anticipate this framework will be useful for identification of biological components most affected by oil in any
marine environment.

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S4: FIS Topic Session
Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive
Ecology of Marine Populations
November 10, 10:50 (S4-10973)

Crucial factors affecting reproductive investment of marine fishes in a changing climate
Olav Sigurd Kjesbu1,2
12Institute of Marine Research and Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem Dynamics, Bergen, Norway. E-mail: olav.kjesbu@imr.no
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Reproduction, especially the spawning stage, is a critical part of the life cycle of oviparous teleosts facing climatechange. Generally, for this category of animals, studies regarding reproductive investment (RI) as a function ofenvironmental drivers are limited to either variation in egg size (and quality) or fecundity, and consequently,
pairwise, individual data sets of this type are rare. However, RI dynamics can provide insight for the timing when
the reproductive organ requires optimal conditions for development, and hence its sensitivity to environmental
fluctuations. Furthermore, parallel comparisons between variation in egg size, egg quality and fecundity canprovide information about which trait is more dynamic (or critical) and thereby indicate where future researchshould be focused. Usually, egg characteristics or fecundity measurements are related directly to biotic or abiotic
information, however this excludes past influences on the expression of these reproductive traits. The longer
history might be more important for fecundity than for egg size, as the latter is normally determined just before,or during, spawning. Studying the underlying processes that ultimately define fecundity is challenging becauseof the methodological challenges in quantifying oogonia and the smallest oocytes. In this presentation, attention
will be given to recent methodological advancements to address the reproductive ecology of Atlantic herring and
cod in light of climate variability and change. The latter is expected to be particularly pronounced in northernhigh latitudes. The reproductive information presented will then be placed within the framework of recruitment
dynamics – currently a key area for discussion.

November 10, 11:20 (S4-11077)

Fish responses to climate variation along a capital-income breeding continuum
Richard S. McBride
Northeast Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries (National Marine Fisheries Service), Woods Hole, MA, USA
E-mail: richard.mcbride@noaa.gov

Fish will adapt, and not simply move, in response to environmental variability. Predicting responses can beinformed by examining fish reproductive diversity. Some species spawn and feed in separate areas, during different
seasons, by storing energy and drawing on it later for reproduction (i.e. capital breeding). Other species spawn
using energy acquired locally, throughout a prolonged spawning season, allocating energy directly to reproduction(i.e. income breeding). There are advantages to both strategies. The spawning period for capital breeders canoccur during energetically unfavorable periods for the adult or favorable periods for their propagule survival.
Income breeding allows small fish to overcome allometric constraints of egg production. Income breeders also
recover quickly when good feeding conditions are re-established. Many species exhibit mixed capital- and income
breeding patterns, which has not been well recognized until now. If change creates poor-feeding environments,
this can lead to delayed maturation, skipped spawning, fewer spawning events per season or fewer eggs produced
per event. These flexible processes allow females to prioritize their own condition over their propagules’ condition
at any given spawning opportunity, thereby investing energy cautiously to maximize lifetime reproductive value.
However, although this flexibility maintains individual resiliency, if such conditions are sustained, it reduces
population reproductive potential and can change the phenotypic structure of economically important fish stocks.
As capital breeders are common at boreal latitudes, where temperature change rates are highest, they will beaffected first or most dramatically early on, but change will not be limited to this type of breeder.

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November 10, 11:50 (S4-11047)

Temperature-related variability in the resource allocation to egg production in Japanese
anchovy Engraulis japonicus as revealed by stable isotope approach
Hiroshige Tanaka1, Michio Yoneda2, Hajime Kitano3, Kohei Kawamura4, Michiya Matsuyama4 and Seiji Ohshimo5
1

2
3
4
5

Kushiro Laboratory, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Kushiro,
Japan. E-mail: tanakahs@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, FRA, Imabari, Japan
Fisheries Research Institute of Karatsu, Kyushu University, Karatsu, Japan
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, FRA, Shimizu, Japan

Temporal relationship between resource acquisition and allocation to reproductive output (e.g., continuum between
capital and income breeding) has been discussed for many marine fish species. However, the processes by which
environmental variability affects the capital–income continuum of a given species has not well been studied.
This study explores the impacts of water temperature on the resource allocation tactics of the Japanese anchovy
Engraulis japonicus, through diet-switching experiments using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (SIRs) as
quantitative indicators. To monitor the changes in the SIRs in eggs during the spawning season, under ad libitum
food availability low SIRs feed was provided initially, then was switched to feed with high SIRs. In all cases, bothcarbon and nitrogen SIRs in eggs increased and converged at specific values after the diet-switch, suggesting theevidence of income breeding. However, the estimated transfer rates of income food intake to eggs varied alongwith the degree of prevailing temperature (the higher the temperature, the faster the rate). Also, mixed income andcapital breeding was suggested for one case with a low temperature regime. These variations may be caused bya physiological response to thermal conditions as temperature strongly affects certain reproductive tactics of thisspecies (e.g., batch interval, size of eggs). Further studies on the possibility of environmental-related variability on
the capital–income continuum could assist in understanding the impact of climate change on reproductive output
of marine fish species.

November 10, 12:10 (S4-11332)

Female reproductive potential of eastern Bering Sea snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio)
Laura M. Slater1,3, Joel B. Webb2, Gordon Kruse3, Franz J. Mueter3, Bernard Sainte-Marie4, Ginny L. Eckert3 andDouglas Pengilly1
1
2
3
4

Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Division, Kodiak, AK, USA. E-mail: laura.slater@alaska.gov
Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Commercial Fisheries Division, Juneau, AK, USA
University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau, AK, USA
Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Mont-Joli, QC, Canada

Commercially-important eastern Bering Sea snow crab (EBSSC) are managed with a large-male only harvest
strategy based primarily on estimates of mature male biomass. We conducted research on female reproductive
potential to improve understanding of population dynamics and fishery sustainability. Environmental factors,
especially temperature, are known to mediate life history traits of EBSSC with implications for female reproductive
success, including female size at maturity, reproductive tempo (annual or biennial duration of egg development),
ontogenetic migration, and distribution patterns. We found that most primiparous females received sufficientsperm to fertilize their first clutch (based on evaluation of egg viability); however, remaining low levels of stored
sperm indicated many females would need to re-mate to produce subsequent fertilized clutches. Multiparous
crab had higher mean sperm reserves (as weight of spermathecae contents) than primiparous crab, indicating
most females participated in another mating season after producing their first clutch. The highest levels of sperm
reserves were observed in the southeastern Bering Sea, where warmer bottom temperatures and larger females
predominate, and the lowest levels occurred in the northwest, where temperatures are cooler and smaller females
prevail. Ongoing research is addressing the confounded relationships between sperm reserves, female body size,
latitude, and temperature as well as details associated with the second year of a female’s biennial reproductive
cycle, including location and inferred history of participation in multiple mating seasons. We will discuss how
temperature interacts with life history to shape female mating success and possible directions for accounting forthese dynamics in stock assessment and fishery management.

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November 10, 14:00 (S4-11199)

Size dependent energy allocation to reproductive output of short-lived multiple-batchspawning Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus
Michio Yoneda1, Satoshi Katayama2, Naoaki Kono3, Masayuki Yamamoto4, Tatsuo Tsuzaki1 and Hiroshige
Tanaka5123
45National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA),
Imabari, Japan. E-mail: myoneda@fra.affrc.go.jp
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, FRA, Hatsukaichi, Japan
Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Takamatsu, Japan
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Kushiro, Japan

This study explored the possible flexibility of energy allocation to reproductive output between small (offspring,F1) and large (mother, P) individuals of Japanese anchovy using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (SIRs)
as quantitative indicators. Initially, feed with high SIRs was provided and then switched to feed with low SIRs formonitoring the changes in the SIRs of muscles and ovaries over the study period. The increases in growth rates
were evident in F1 while the body size of P remained constant over the experiment. The SIRs of muscles in F1
decreased faster than those in P, suggesting that F1 could allocate more income resources to muscles than P. There
was a significant difference in reproductive output between F1 and P; P produced more and heavier eggs than F1.
The SIRs of ovaries in both P and F1 decreased after the diet-switch, but the slopes of F1 were significantly higher
than those of P. These results suggest that F1 could be largely income breeding while P may invest mixed income
and capital resources to reproductive output. In Japanese anchovy, increasing temperature leads to shorteningof batch intervals under ad libitum food availability, but insufficient income resources could lead to prolonged
batch intervals. This implies that, in terms of reproductive potential, smaller mature individuals might be more
vulnerable to fluctuating prey availability. With warming sea temperature, even in short-lived multiple-batchspawning fishes, larger mature individuals may have the advantage of bet-hedging strategies that help fosteringstock productivity and stability.

November 10, 14:20 (S4-11213)

Variability in spawning omission and the productivity of deepwater rockfish in the North
Pacific Ocean
Christina L. Conrath1 and Peter-John F. Hulson2
1

2

Resource Assessment and Engineering Conservation Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA, USA. E-mail: Christina.Conrath@noaa.gov
Auke Bay Laboratories, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, USA

Recent examination of the maturity of three deepwater rockfish species (shortraker rockfish, Sebastes borealis,rougheye rockfish, S. aleutianus, and blackspotted rockfish, S. melanostictus) in the Gulf of Alaska revealed ahigh proportion of non-spawning mature fish, or skip spawners. The proportion of skip spawners varied among
species. However, at least 30% of individuals determined to be adults were undergoing spawning omission during
the upcoming reproductive season, and, in at least one species, the prevalence of skip spawners was related tosize. Specimens for this study were primarily collected during the 2010 reproductive season in the central Gulf
of Alaska; additional data are needed to determine the consistency of skip spawning across various temporal andspatial scales. The presence of skip spawning fish will influence the stock assessment results for these species. It is
anticipated that the frequency of skip spawners will vary depending on environmental conditions, and that climatechange may have significant impacts on the reproductive productivity of these species. Using a simulation model
based on the life-history and assessment of the shortraker rockfish, we examined how variability in the presenceof skip spawners impacts estimates of spawning biomass and recommended catch limits for this species.

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November 10, 14:40 (S4-11322)

Impacts of recent environmental anomalies on seabirds of the Baja California PacificIslands, Mexico
Yutzil Lora-Cabrera, D. Martínez-Cervantes, E. Rojas-Mayoral, A. Hernández-Ríos, E. Bravo-Hernández, A.
Fabila-Blanco, M. Corrales-Sauceda, A. Aguilar-Vargas, A. Aztorga-Ornelas, M. Félix-Lizárraga, Y. BedollaGuzmán, A. Aguirre-Muñoz and F. Méndez-Sánchez
Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. Ensenada, Baja California, México. E-mail: evaristo.rojas@islas.org.mx

As part of a long-term seabird restoration project on seven island groups in the Pacific Ocean, off the Baja California
Peninsula, Mexico, we have been monitoring colonies of Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis; BRPE) and
Brandt’s Cormorant (Phalacrocorax penicillatus; BRAC). During the past couple of years, these two species haveexperienced an unusual nesting and reproductive behavior. We assessed the relationship between the number of
BRPE and BRAC nests and environmental anomalies within the region. A general decrease was observed in theamount of nests for both BRPE and BRAC during 2014 and 2015 in comparison with historical numbers. In 2015,
38% of BRPE nests and 50% of BRAC nests were abandoned and a low reproductive performance was recorded forboth species (<0.5 fledglings/breeding pair). Sea surface temperatures (SST) around all seven island groupswere
warmer in 2014 and 2015 than the typical year (calculated for the period 2003-2016) while chlorophyll-a (Chl-a)concentration was lower than the 14-year average. The highest anomalies of both SST and Chl-a were recorded
during 2015. Therefore, changes in seabird nesting patterns, reproductive performance and survival are most likely
due to less food availability during warm El Niño type climatic anomalies. Extensive and long term research on
seabirds is being conducted on the Baja California Pacific Islands, including: nest censuses, productivity analyses,
feeding behavior studies and at-sea movement pattern monitoring. Additionally, the relationships between ocean
and atmospheric conditions, breeding success and migration patterns will continue to be evaluated.

November 10, 15:00 (S4-10918)

Challenges associated with assessing maturity, skipped spawning, and abortive maturation
rates for fisheries managers: A case study of Sebastes pinniger
Melissa A. Head, Peter H. Frey, Jason M. Cope and Aimee A. Keller
Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Boulevard East, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: Melissa.Head@noaa.gov

By incorporating accurate estimates of life history parameters into population models, we increase the reliability ofbiomass estimates used to manage fish stocks. In addition, understanding the reproductive biology and life history
strategies of these fish provides support for sustainable management. However, data collections restricted byseasonal surveys create challenges for gaining a full understanding of their reproductive biology. Many groundfish
species on the U.S. West Coast spawn between November – March, when opportunities to collect biological
data on surveys or from fisheries landings are limited. We examined the reproductive biology of canary rockfish,
Sebastes pinniger, using ovaries collected by the West Coast groundfish bottom trawl survey from 2009 – 2015 (n= 533) and Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife port biologists from 2014 – 2016 (n = 308). These collections
allowed for comparisons of length and age at maturity estimates based on the histological examination of ovaries
collected within and outside the spawning season. We identified several key factors essential for understanding
reproductive biology of west coast groundfishes: (1) spatial and temporal patterns, (2) the effects of oceanographic
conditions on reproductive patterns related to skip spawning and abortive maturation, and (3) the estimation of
biological (sexual) versus functional (potential spawner) maturity for fisheries management models. Ecosystemvariables, such as habitat, food availability, upwelling, and oceanographic patterns may also have an outsized
influence on the reproductive behavior of groundfish stocks. Understanding how these variables influence
reproduction can provide useful information for predicting the influence of shifting oceanographic conditions on
the spawning output of groundfish stocks.

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November 10, 15:20 (S4-11014)

Inter-annual variation in the reproductive pattern of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum
and impacts of Perkinsus olseni infection on the reproduction observed from the west
coast of Korea
Hyun-Sung Yang1, Do-Hyung Kang1 and Kwang-Sik Choi2
12

Jeju International Marine Science Center for Research and Education, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju,
R Korea. E-mail: hsyang@kiost.ac.kr
School of Marine Biomedical Science (BK21 PLUS), Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea

We monitored inter-annual variation in gametogenesis, egg production and the level of Perkinsus olseni in Manila
clams distributed on the west coast of Korea over a four year period. For the analysis, clams were collected
monthly from January 2007 to December 2010 from high P. olseni infection area (Hwangdo). Gonad development
and quantity of the eggs in individual clams were determined simultaneously using histology-ELISA combined
assay. P. olseni infection intensity in each clam was determined using RFTM and 2M NaOH digestion assay. P.
olseni level in clams varied year to year remarkably. The infection intensity increased markedly from June 2008
(1.5 million cells/g tissue) to January 2009 (4.6 million cells/g tissue). In 2009, the infection level stayed in highranging 1.92 (September) to 4.6 million (January) cells/g tissue. Mass mortality of Manila clam was observed (ca40%) during the post spawning season in 2009. In spring 2010, P. olseni infection level dropped markedly, ranging
from 0.6 to 1.3 million cells/g tissue. Monthly mean P. olseni density in clams in 2010 was significantly lower thanthe previous year, possibly due to the mass mortality which might remove the heavily infected clams. During 2007
and 2009, female clams in the area showed comparatively longer spawning period, from June to October, with thepulses in August and September. GSI of the females during the spawning peaks from 2007 to 2009 varied from 4.8(2009) to 11.4% (2007), which were comparatively smaller than GSI of clams at the low infection area. In 2010, as
the P. olseni level dropped, the females spawned in June and July, 2-3 months earlier than the previous years. The
GSI from the females in June was recorded as 16.8%. The earlier spawning, combined with higher GSI observed,
demonstrated remarkable inter-annual variation, which was in part explained by the decreased abundance of P.
olseni due to the mass mortality in the previous year.

November 10, 15:40 (S4-11312)

Interannual variability in larval production of rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) in the California
Current
Sabrina G. Beyer1,2, Susan M. Sogard2, E.J. Dick2, David M. Stafford1,2, Lyndsey S. Lefebvre1,2, Neosha S.
Kashef1,2 and John C. Field2
1

2

University of California Santa Cruz, Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
E-mail: sabrina.beyer@noaa.gov
NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Climate effects on ecosystem productivity are well established for the California Current, and climate variability
is reflected in bottom-up effects on fish growth and productivity. Stock assessments have begun to include theseimportant effects in estimating critical metrics such as growth, spawning biomass, spawning output and recruitment,
however, such variability is often difficult to quantify and typically even more difficult to appropriately accountfor in assessment models. In this study, we explored the consequences of variable oceanographic conditions on
female larval production by assessing interannual differences in fecundity and maternal condition. From 2009
through 2016, rockfish were collected during the winter reproductive season by hook-and-line methods off Central
California. We combined our results with two published datasets to create a time series of female condition andegg production for Sebastes goodei (2005-2008, 2009-2016) and S. flavidus (1985-1991, 2005-2008, 2009-2016).
S. flavidus exhibit the typical annual reproductive cycle commonly observed throughout the genus, whereas S.
goodei are capable of producing multiple broods of young over a single reproductive season, the consequencesof which are not fully understood, or accounted for in production models. The results of this study will be used
to incorporate effects of variable oceanographic conditions on growth and reproduction into West Coast rockfish
stock assessments.

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November 10, 16:20 (S4-10975)

Evaluating environmental effects on maturity, spawning stock biomass, and biologicalreference points of Georges Bank Atlantic cod using state-space models
Timothy J. Miller, Loretta O’Brien and Paula Fratantoni
Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA. E-mail: loretta.o’brien@noaa.gov

The proportion mature, as a function of age, is an important input to age-structured stock assessment models for
estimation of spawning stock biomass (SSB) and biological reference points (BRPs). Maturity at age is often
assumed to be known and constant over time in stock assessment models. However, environment is known to
influence maturation, and changes in maturation rates will produce unaccounted for annual variation in SSB and
BRPs. Furthermore, uncertainty in maturity parameter estimates result in additional uncertainty in the annual
estimates of SSB and BRPs. We fitted different maturity models as functions of age and bottom temperature toobservations for the U.S. Georges Bank Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) stock, and compared model performancebased on AIC. The models include a state-space component for annual variation in bottom temperature andassociated observations. We then simultaneously estimated the best performing model with a state-space agestructured assessment model to evaluate effects of annual variation in maturation on SSB and BRPs. We also
fitted an assessment model where the maturity at age was treated as fixed input, to evaluate effects of maturity
parameter estimation on uncertainty in SSB and BRPs estimates. Bottom temperature in the first, second, andthird year of life were important predictors of maturity for Georges Bank cod. Effects of uncertainty in maturity
parameter estimates were variable over time, but did not typically add substantially to the uncertainty in annual
SSB and BRP estimates.

November 10, 16:40 (S4-11102)

Fisheries-induced evolution effects on fish populations in the East China Sea and its
management implications
Peng Sun1, Zhenlin Liang1, 2, Rong Wan1 and Yongjun Tian1
12

College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: sunpeng@ouc.edu.cn
Marine College, Shandong University Weihai, PR China

In recent years, increasing evidence demonstrated that the fish phenotypic traits have changed in many exploitedfish populations. Typical examples of the fish phenotypic traits are smaller size-at-age and an earlier age-atmaturation. The East China Sea, one of the over-exploited ecosystems in the world, most of the fish populations,such as hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) are under overfishing. Fishing selectivity has great potential to change thebiological characters of exploited fish populations. Long-term fishing pressure induced changes in fish phenotypic
traits, eventually fisheries-induced evolution. Here, both simulation and experimental methods are used toevaluate fisheries-induced evolution effects on commercially-important fish populations in the East China Sea andto explore the differences of the phenotypic plasticity and irreversibility when halt fishing pressure. Our results
contribute to basic theoretical development in the study of fisheries-induced evolution, and also suggest important
implications for the references of fishery management.

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November 10, 17:00 (S4-11028)

Differences in biological characteristics and recruitment variability of walleye pollock(Gadus chalcogrammus) off the eastern Korean Peninsula during 1960s–2000s
Moojin Kim1, Sukyung Kang2 and Suam Kim1
1
2

Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. E-mail: kimmj1238@naver.com
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea

Commercial catches of walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) has been recorded in South Korean waters
since the mid 20th century, and there have been several developing stages in this fishery over the last 5 decades.
Concurrently, the National Institute Fisheries Science has collected information from biological specimen andhabitats, and ecological characteristics on pollock were investigated during the beginning stage of fisheries(Period 1: 1958-1968), peak fishing period (Period 2: 1973-1985) and after peak fishing (Period 3: 1991-2002),
respectively. Length at 50% maturity was 37 cm at age of 3, and a significant difference in length frequency
distribution was found. In Period 1, large-sized old pollock (>40 cm) as well as young immatures were obviously
abundant, while the high proportions of maturing adult (25-37 cm) were common in Period 2 and Period 3.
Proportional Size Distribution (PSD) analysis indicates that PSD values lowered in Period 2 and Period 3, whichmeans moderate proportion of individuals entered recruitment in later periods. Condition factor was positively
correlated with euphausiid in August (r=0.619, p<0.01) and December (r=0.678, p<0.01) and with zooplankton
biomass in summer through winter (r=0.478~0.631, p<0.05). The Cross-Correlation Function analysis showed that
there was a significant positive correlation between juvenile walleye pollock catch and euphausiid in June withthe time lag of 1 year (r=0.566, p<0.05). Also, the adult pollock catch and zooplankton biomass showed positive
correlation in June with the time lag of 3 year (r=0.483, p<0.05). These results imply that biotic environmental
factors during the early life stages of pollock have a significant influence on recruitment.

November 10, 17:20 (S4-11330)

Fecundity estimates for walleye pollock during varying climate conditions
Sandra Neidetcher
National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: Sandi.Neidetcher@noaa.gov

Atresia, or oocyte resorption, may occur to remove abnormal or damaged oocytes or as a way to adjust resource
allocation towards reproduction as in downregulation. High levels of atresia may result from anomalous watertemperatures that prevent normal oocyte development or indirectly limit nutrient intake by reducing available
prey. Because female spawning biomass is used as a proxy for reproductive output in stock analysis of pollock,understanding the processes associated with atresia are important for stock assessments. For this work we lookat the seasonal patterns of atresia and the level of occurrence in specimens analyzed for fecundity. Collections
include specimens from the Gulf of Alaska, the Bering Sea, and the Aleutian Islands from the early 1990’s topresent. These data are used to compare the level of occurrence and the developmental stage of oocyte atresia
to adult estimates of fecundity and body condition along with the impacts of environmental variations such astemperature and ocean productivity.

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S9: FIS/TCODE Topic Session (DAY-2)
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems
under a Changing Climate
November 10, 11:50 (S9-11317)

Are Arctic and sub-arctic fish stocks more prepared for a changing climate?
Anne B. Hollowed1, Wei Cheng2, Harald Loeng3, Libby Logerwell1, Franz Mueter5 and James Reist5
1
2

3
4

5

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA, 98115, USA. E-mail: Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA.
E-mail: Wei.Cheng@noaa.gov
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway. E-mail: Harald.Loeng@imr.no
University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 315 Lena Point bldg. 17101 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK
99801-8344, USA. E-mail: fmueter@alaska.edu
Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, CanadaThis paper examines current and projected ocean shelf ocean conditions in 5 high latitude Arctic ecosystems.
Estimates of sea surface temperature, bottom temperature, and total net monthly production show marked withinseason stability and dramatic between season changes. This paper examines the implications of climate change infive distinct shelf domains: the northern Bering Sea, the Chukchi Sea, the Beaufort Sea, the Canadian Archipelago
and north Greenland Shelf, and the Barents Sea. These domains include in-flow, outflow and interior shelf domains.
Spring and summer ocean conditions in the present, near – future and longer-term future are derived from theCMIP5 earth system model of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Earths System Model (GFDL-ESM2)
under two representative concentration pathways (4.5 and 8.5). Near term and longer term projected changes fromcurrent ocean conditions are considered within the context of current variability using z-scores. Significant withinseason changes in sea surface temperature and bottom temperatures are projected. However, despite projectedchanges in temperature, the projected seasonally averaged monthly net total production appears to be limited byseasonal light. We examine the adaptations of fish and shellfish residing in the 5 high latitude regions to discern
key mechanisms underlying survival of marine fish in the high arctic.

November 10, 12:10 (S9-11244)

Going with the flow: Ocean currents modify the coupling between climate change andbiogeographical shifts
Jorge García Molinos1, Michael T. Burrows2 and Elvira S. Poloczanska3
1
2
3

Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: jorgegmolinos@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, United Kingdom
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Oceans and Atmosphere, Brisbane, Australia

Biogeographical shifts are a ubiquitous global biodiversity response to climate change. Responses across taxa andgeographical locations are however highly variable and only partially explained by climate. Here, using a global
meta-data set of marine climate-driven distribution shifts, we demonstrate that a significant proportion of thisunexplained variation can be accounted for by coupling climate expectations with other non-climatic drivers. In
particular, we found ocean flow directionality to both facilitate and hinder shift responses to warming depending
on its agreement with spatial gradients of temperature. These effects were dependent on the location of the shift
within a species’ range and its biological identity, evidencing links between range and ocean dynamics throughclimate. Our novel results strengthen confidence on the global imprint of climate change on distribution shifts andstress the importance of framing expectations by reference to other interacting non-climatic factors shaping thecoupling between climate change and biogeographical shifts.

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November 10, 14:00 (S9-11135)

Life history spatial constraints and species adaptability to climate change
Lorenzo Ciannelli1, Anna Neuheimer2, Leif Christian Stige3 and Mary Hunsicker4
1

2
3
4

Oregon State University, College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Corvallis, OR, USA
E-mail: lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu
University of Hawaii, HI, USA
University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA

Climate change is affecting ecological processes and biogeochemical cycles of marine environments. Species
respond and adapt to climate change by shifting their spatial distribution. However there are limits to thesechanges, imposed by the presence of essential habitats and critical conditions in the species life cycle, such as
during spawning, overwintering, and settlement. These limits are linked to the species life history strategy, andcannot be solely overcome through phenotypic plasticity – genetic adaptation is also required. In this study wedevelop and apply analytical methodologies to identify and quantify the spatial constraints throughout a species’
entire life cycle. Spatial constraints are identified and quantified by assessing the spatial distribution of 3-5 wellmonitored commercially harvested fish populations throughout their respective life cycles. The methodology
assumes that spatial configurations that are consistently repeated over time (e.g., during spawning, settlement
or larval dispersal phases) are indicative of strong spatial constraints. To allow extension of the analysis to data
poor species (i.e., species for which we have life history information but lack survey data), we conceptuallyrelate constraints (intensity and timing) to life history traits of data-rich cases, including migration distance,
longevity, time of maturation, pelagic larval duration, sensory abilities, social structure. Through this analysis,
and its conceptual extension, we build capacity to study species adaptability and resilience to climate change
utilizing analytical approaches that can account for potential bottlenecks affecting spatial distribution of a species
throughout its life cycle.

November 10, 14:20 (S9-10884)

Assessment of management strategies for eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock fishery withclimate change
Chang Seung and James Ianelli
Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: Chang.Seung@noaa.gov

Recent studies indicate that rising sea surface temperature (SST) may have negative impacts on eastern Bering
Sea walleye pollock stock productivity. A previous study (Ianelli et al. 2011) developed projections of the pollock
stock and alternative harvest policies for the species, and examined how the alternative policies perform for thepollock stock with changing environment. The study, however, failed to evaluate quantitative economic impacts.
The present study showcases how quantitative evaluations of the regional economic impacts can be applied withresults evaluating harvest policy trade-offs; an important component of management strategy evaluations. In
this case, we couple alternative harvest policy simulations (with and without climate change) with a regional
dynamic computable general equilibrium (CGE) model for Alaska. In this example we found (i) that the status quo
policy performed less well than the alternatives (from the perspective of economic benefit), (ii) more conservative
policies had smaller regional output and economic welfare impacts (with and without considering climate change),and (iii) a policy allowing harvests to be less constrained performed worse in terms of impacts on total regional
output, economic welfare, and real gross regional product (RGRP), and in terms of variability of the pollock
industry output.

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November 10, 14:40 (S9-11086)

Fisheries collapse and social changes in a fishing-dependent community: The case of
Goseong
Chaewon Yoo and Dowon Lee
Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University, Seoul, R Korea. E-mail: battery.in.your.legs@gmail.com

There has long been much interest in how human society and ecosystems interact. Fishing-dependent communities
and their surrounding marine ecosystems, which together form a marine social-ecological system, are one good
example that reveals the interaction.
This study explores the changes of a fishing-dependent community brought on by the collapse of the walleye
pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) fishery. Goseong, a small fishing town situated in the central part of the Korean
peninsula, enjoyed economic prosperity through its pollock industry until the fishery collapsed in the early 2000s.
This paper illustrates the complex interaction between human society and ecosystems by addressing three major
questions. First, we will provide the historical background of the pollock industry in Goseong in its social andecological context. Second, we will explore how society changed along with the pollock industry, specificallyby highlighting how the industry coped with the pollock crisis through large-scale social indicators and in-depth
interviews. The collapse brought about changes including demographic change and economic distress in thecommunity, to which relevant actors coped with the changes by adopting alternative livelihoods while clinging totheir existing way of life and local identity. Third, we will detail the reasons why Goseong failed to successfully
adapt to the pollock population collapse. This case study offers insight into how human societies react to changes
in ecosystems.

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S10: FUTURE Topic Session (Day 1)
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural andAnthropogenic Forcing: Past, Present and Future
November 10, 10:40 (S10-11157)

An ecological compensation mechanism for marine protection area in China, based on
the ecosystem services valuation
Yuliang Li
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: liyuliang@tio.org.cn

Rapid economic growth has resulted in serious degradation in many ecosystems in China. Since the 1990s, policies
were developed by the Chinese government to curb unsustainable interactions between economic development
and environmental protection, including Ecological Compensation Mechanism (ECM). In China, the ECM
was initially designed for forest and grassland protection, but has been gradually applied in the managementof wetlands. However, ECM has scarcely been established for marine ecosystems. In this study, we suggest
an Ecological Compensation Mechanism for Marine Protection Area (ECMMPA) based on the ecosystemservice valuation. First, the typical ecosystems of Chinese MPA were selected, and their ecosystem services
were indentified. Then, the omni-directional and situ ecosystem services of each typical ecosystem of MPA wasdiscussed. On this basis, the ECMMPA was established, containing two alternative tactics which comply withdifferent compensatory principles: (1) Consider the increment of the value of omni-directional ecosystem services
in MPA after its protective measures are implemented as an ecological compensation; (2) Consider the change ofthe value of in situ ecosystem services used by the stakeholders of MPA after protective measures are implemented
as an ecological compensation. This ECMMPA demonstrates a distinct theoretical framework for the ecologicalcompensation of Chinese MPA, and it also provides flexible options to the policymakers.

November 10, 11:00 (S10-11288)

Extreme ocean temperature events in the North Pacific under greenhouse forcing
Youngji Joh and Emanuele Di Lorenzo
Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA. E-mail: youngji.joh@gatech.edu

Ocean temperature extremes and marine heatwaves in the Northeast Pacific have significant impacts on marine
ecosystems, and have been linked to significant die offs of birds, mammals and the emergence of harmful algal
blooms. Using available observations and the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Large Ensemble dataset
we explore how the spatial and temporal probability distribution functions (PDFs) of winter temperature extremeschange over the period 1920-2100 under the greenhouse forcing scenario RCP8.5. A large ensemble of climate
model realization reveals that warm temperature extremes (>2°C) increase in amplitude (~ 0.5°C warmer) andtend to exhibit a preferred spatial pattern resembling the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) with a large
body of warm water in the Gulf of Alaska. Cold temperature extremes (-2°C) also increase in amplitude (~0.5°C
warmer/colder), however, their pattern is similar to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). We show that changes
in the oceanic warm/cold extremes reflect changes in the statistics of the large-scale atmospheric circulation, andthe mean position of the storm tracks. Our results indicate that the PDF of ocean temperatures of the North Pacificwill not only shift towards warmer temperature (changes in the mean), but also that the tails of the PDF (changes
in the variance) will become larger under greenhouse forcing. These changes in the PDF dramatically increase
the frequency at which ecologically-relevant ecosystem thresholds will be exceeded, like in the case of harmful
algal blooms.

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November 10, 11:20 (S10-11065)

The Icarus challenge - Predicting vulnerability to climate change using an algorithmbased species’ trait approach
Henry Lee II1, Christina Folger1, Deborah A. Reusser2, Patrick Clinton1 and Rene Graham3
1
2
3

U.S. EPA, Western Ecology Division, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: lee.henry@epa.gov
U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Newport, OR, USA (Emeritus)
Dynamac Corporation, Corvallis, OR, USA

Like Icarus, the world’s ecological resources are “flying too close” to the sun, and changes in temperature,
sea-level rise, and ocean acidification will affect many near-coastal species. Effects will vary both by species
and geographically, though predicting the patterns of likely effects is hindered by the large number of coastal
species. One approach to this challenge is assessing vulnerability from species’ traits, including biogeographic
distributions, depth preferences, and life history attributes. A major advantage is the ability to assess thousandsof species using available information. Current applications of trait-based climate analyses have relied on expert
opinion, but these have the potential limitations of biases, lack of transparency and repeatability, and difficulty in
updating analyses. To address these limitations, we developed an “algorithm-based” approach, where vulnerability
in an ecoregion is automatically calculated from synthesized traits using a set of a priori rules. We are applying theapproach to the brachyuran and lithodid crabs (381 species) and rockfish (74 species) over 12 Marine Ecosystemsof World ecoregions (Gulf of California through Beaufort Sea), with vulnerability analysis implemented in a webbased tool (CBRAT). Patterns emerging from preliminary analyses include: 1) impacts of increased sea-surface
temperature are primarily limited to the southernmost occupied ecoregion of a species; 2) sea level rise will haveminor impacts on crabs in Alaska compared to those in Puget Sound through Southern California; 3) while adultdecapods appear more resilient to ocean acidification than many other taxa they are potentially at high risk in the
Arctic.

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S12: MONITOR/BIO/TCODE Topic Session
Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in Ocean
Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North PacificNovember 10, 10:50 (S12-11391)

Changes in climate and changes in concepts: Physical-biological interplay in the Pacific
Ocean over the PICES years
Arthur J. Miller
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: ajmiller@ucsd.edu

The physical-biological environment of the Pacific Ocean has been studied for many decades. Numerous longterm observational time series, ocean model simulations and targeted research programs have been executed tobetter understand physical-biological variations, fluxes and interactions. Since the inception of PICES, many newideas have emerged about what physical processes are the key controls on Pacific Ocean dynamics. These newperspectives will be reviewed to show how they resulted in our obtaining a better understanding of what climate
patterns exert influences on Pacific physical variations and what physical controls are most important in driving
Pacific ecological changes.
Physical oceanographic and climatological conditions in the Pacific varied widely since the inception of PICES,
including unusual climate events and persistently anomalous states. The broad-scale climate variations that
occurred over the North Pacific during this time period will also be discussed to provide the physical context fororganizing the various regional ecosystem changes that took place. Relating these physical states to the numerous
biological measurements in retrospective studies help us develop a vital long-term perspective of how changing
climate conditions control the Pacific ocean ecosystem and possible information on how the ecosystem might be
expected to evolve over the coming decades under global warming conditions.

November 10, 11:20 (S12-11357)

Increasing variance and synchrony in North Pacific climate and ecosystems
Emanuele Di Lorenzo1, Giovanni Liguori1 and Bryan A. Black2
1
2

Georgia Institute of Technology, Georgia, USA. E-mail: edl@gatech.edu
The University of Texas at Austin, Texas, USA

There is growing evidence that the climate variance of the Pacific Ocean has increased over the last century. Using
available marine and terrestrial observations of physical and biological variables we show that the increase invariance is significant and accompanied by an increased level of synchrony between climate and ecosystems. To
understand the role of natural versus anthropogenic forcing, we diagnose the processes leading to the increased
climate variance in a large ensemble of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) over the period 1920-2100
under the greenhouse forcing scenario RCP8.5. We show that the coupling between the North Pacific climate
and the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) becomes stronger due to an intensification of the thermodynamic
coupling between the ocean and atmosphere. This extra-tropical/tropical coupling is a key generating mechanismof Pacific decadal variability that leads to multi-year persistence of anomalies such as in the 2014/15 North Pacificheatwave. The dynamics of the persistence can be explained through a spatial and temporal progression of known
climate patterns such as the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation, ENSO and Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Using these
dynamics, we suggest a framework and index to track the Pacific decadal variability in physical and biologicalsystems, and quantify the changes in variance for past and future climate states.

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November 10, 11:50 (S12-11069)

Relationships between climate variability and fisheries catch in the central North PacificPhoebe A. Woodworth-Jefcoats1,2, Jeffrey J. Polovina1 and Jeffrey C. Drazen2
1
2

NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: Phoebe.Woodworth-Jefcoats@noaa.gov
University of Hawaii at Manoa, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Honolulu, HI, USA

The fishing ground of the Hawaii-based longline fleet spans over 13 million km2 in the central North Pacific. The
magnitude and composition of the fleet’s catch varies on both intra- and interannual scales. We investigate over
20 years of commercial logbook and observer data to gain an understanding of the upper trophic level ecosystem
supporting this fishery. Both satellite remotely-sensed and Argo float data detail how the region’s biophysicaloceanography has changed over the same time period. By combining these data sets, we provide an in-depth lookat how both oceanography and fishery expansion have influenced catch over the last two decades. For example,
the ratio of target catch to by-catch ranges from 2.0 to 0.6 over the course of the year as a result of the fleet’s
seasonal movement into cooler temperate waters north of Hawaii. We also examine the role changing ocean
conditions and fishery expansion have played in the annual ratio of target catch to by-catch, which has fallen byhalf (2.0 to 1.0) over the time period examined. Finally, we offer insight into the role anomalously warm ocean
conditions may have played in record target catch levels in 2015. Understanding how catch varies as a result ofclimate variability on multiple time scales can lead to a more efficient, resilient, and cost-effective fishery.

November 10, 12:10 (S12-11367)

Climate variability and changes in the marginal Far-Eastern Seas
Elena I. Ustinova and Yury D. Sorokin
Pacific Fisheries Research Centre (TINRO- Centre), 4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690950, Russia. E-mail: eustinova@mail.ru

The presentation summarizes our recent studies on the features of climate variability and change in the Okhotsk,
Bering and Japan/East Seas. We investigated the structure and evolution of regional climate variability andinstabilities in the relationships between large-scale and regional-scale climate processes in the seas. Determinationof the climatically significant parameters for the analysis is realized on following principles: duration, uniformity
and regularity of the observations and utility of the climatic variables for the marine ecosystem researches
and for fisheries forecasts. For example, the timing of the spring bloom, seasonal and interannual dynamics ofzooplankton communities, seasonal fish migrations and other features of marine ecosystems are closely connectedwith variability of such important climatic parameter as sea ice coverage. We consider that the regime shifts andextreme events played more “dramatic” role for marine ecosystems in comparison with long-term trends andlow-frequency quasi-periodical oscillations through high rates of change. Among the Far-Eastern Seas, the mostsignificant warming occurred in the Okhotsk Sea during the last 25 years. Unprecedented reduction in the Okhotsk
Sea ice extent occurred in winter 2014/2015 on the background of the statistically significant long-term negative
trend. The total variance of the many “thermal variables” has increased over the last 25 years in the Far-Eastern
Seas. Frequency of extreme situations occurrence has also increased, especially in the Okhotsk Sea.

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November 10, 14:00 (S12-11072)

Warm and cool years in the California Current: Relation to ENSO
Paul Fiedler1 and Nate Mantua2
1
2

NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: Paul.Fiedler@noaa.gov
NOAA/NMFS/SWFSC, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

The tropical El Niño – Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a dominant mode of interannual climate variability
throughout the Pacific. The extra-tropical California Current System (CCS) in the northeast Pacific warms, andcools, from year to year. Relationships between these two phenomena have been noted and explored since thelate 1950s. We update the known record of warm events in the CCS that are and are not contemporaneous with atropical El Niño, and tropical El Niños that are not accompanied by a CCS warming. Sea level pressure (SLP) andsurface wind anomalies illustrate the different atmospheric forcing mechanisms associated with tropical ENSO
and California Current warm events. CCS warm events are associated with negative SLP anomalies in the NE
Pacific – a strong winter Aleutian Low /weak North Pacific High – and resulting weaker than normal winds
driving coastal upwelling, whether or not there is a concurrent El Niño. El Niños are associated with basin-wide
atmospheric forcing along the equator. There is some linkage between these mechanisms, but local forcing is
predominant in most of the CCS, while remote tropical forcing is relatively important only to the south off Baja
California. Cool events in the CCS tend to be more closely associated with tropical La Niñas, although separate
forcing is evident. The forcing of co-occurring cool events is analogous to that of warm events. This paper focuses
on warm/cool events of 1-2 year duration; we are not addressing longer scale (decadal) warm/cold regimes or
global warming.

November 10, 14:20 (S12-11174)

California sea lions: Historical diet patterns in relation to environmental changes in the
California Current
Mark S. Lowry, Stephanie E. Nehasil, Alan R. Jackson and Robert Holland
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: mark.lowry@noaa.gov

Historical diet patterns of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in relation to environmental changes were
examined from analysis of 16,449 scat samples collected seasonally during 1981-2015 at San Clemente Island and
San Nicolas Island. Environmental variables, including the Multivariate El Niño Index and local sea level height,
were examined in relation to sea lion diet and pup production. Of 133 prey species identified, seven common
prey were found. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) dominated the diet during the 1980s, and market squid(Doryteuthis opalescens) dominated the diet during the 1990s and 2000s. When consumption of these species
declined, sea lions switched to other common prey and consumed more non-common prey. Consumption of noncommon prey increased during El Niños when pup production decreased, and consumption decreased during La
Niñas when pup production increased. Size of prey consumed averaged 12.6 cm, but varied by and within species
and time. Recent anomalies in the diet during the 2013 and 2015 Unusual Mortality Events were derived from1981-2007 diet data. In 2013 and 2015 hake (Merluccius productus), anchovy, and sardine (Sardinops sagax)
consumption dropped, while consumption of shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani) and non-common squid andfish prey species increased. High diet diversity indices for summer 2009, spring 2013, winter 2015, and spring2015 were found when Unusual Mortality Events occurred at southern California Channel Island rookeries. This
study shows how California sea lions reflect environmental change, and how they may be affected by climatechange when ocean temperatures increase.

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November 10, 14:40 (S12-11071)

Mid- and upper trophic level responses to variability in ocean conditions off central
California
Jaime Jahncke1, Russell Bradley1, Pete Warzybok1, Meredith Elliott1, Jan Roletto2 and Danielle Lipski3
1
2
3

Point Blue Conservation Science, 3820 Cypress Drive, #11, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: jjahncke@pointblue.org
Greater Farallones National Marine Sanctuary, 991 Marine Drive, The Presidio, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, 1 Bear Valley Road, Point Reyes Station, CA, USA.

Point Blue Conservation Science has been monitoring the abundance, phenology, productivity and diet of marine
birds and mammals breeding on the Farallon Islands since 1968 in collaboration with the USFWS. Warm PDO
regimes and El Niño events have typically resulted in decreased populations, delayed breeding, low productivity,and major changes in diet of studied species. Variability in productivity increased through time in planktivorous
seabirds and the onset of breeding is earlier for some piscivorous species. Major breeding failures were observed
during the anomalous ocean conditions of 2005-2006. However, the 2009/2010 El Niño led to record breeding
success for planktivorous seabirds, and had negligible effect on piscivorous species. Most seabirds had slightly
below average productivities in 2014 and 2015. For mammals, there were record numbers of aborted California
sea lion fetuses during winters of 2014 and 2015, and record numbers of pups born at the Farallones during
summers of 2014 and 2015. Putting our colony based work into the broader regional marine context, Point Bluehas collaborated with the Greater Farallones and Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuaries since 2004 to conduct
at-sea surveys to assess oceanographic processes, and the abundance of mid- and high-trophic levels off central
California. Warm ocean periods in 2005-06 and 2014-15 were associated with lower zooplankton abundance,
lower abundance of lipid-rich copepods and krill, and increased abundance of gelatinous zooplankton. Largevolumes of doliolid tunicates and small adult krill dominated samples from mid-2014 and most of 2015. Blue andhumpback whale abundance declined following changes in krill availability in the region.

November 10, 15:00 (S12-11371)

The subsurface and inner-shelf structure of 25 years of variability in the Northern
California Current
John A. Barth, Stephen D. Pierce and Scott M. Durski
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. E-mail: barth@coas.oregonstate.edu

Large-scale, interannual changes in ocean conditions impact water properties along productive eastern boundary
currents from the continental slope to rocky intertidal shores. These changes come about by both an oceanic
pathway bringing anomalous ocean conditions to Oregon’s shore from across the North Pacific and by changes inlocal winds and freshwater input. Changes in temperature, salinity, nutrients, dissolved oxygen and carbon dioxide
occur across the continental shelf, but differ in strength and impact by distance offshore and from surface to sea
floor. Nearshore waters off Oregon have experienced low oxygen (hypoxia) summers to varying extents over thelast 15 years and are increasingly feeling the negative effects of ocean acidification. We use in-water observations
offshore of Oregon in the Northern California Current to understand the wildly variable coastal ocean over the last
25 years. Data come from long-term hydrographic sampling along the Newport, Oregon, line, from instrumented
moorings and from underwater gliders. During the last 25 years, we describe the subsurface and inner-shelf
structure of many large interannual events including the 1997-1998 and 2015-2016 El Niños, the 2002 subarctic
invasion, the appearance of near-bottom anoxia during summer 2006, the far reach of anomalous Columbia River
freshwater input during the 2010-2011 La Niña, and the “warm blob” of 2014-2016. We complement the in-waterobservations by using a large-scale, long-term ocean circulation and biogeochemical model simulation of the
California Current to understand the observed variability. The model output is used to characterize changes in theequatorward and poleward boundary currents and water properties, sorted by the strength of the upwelling winds
and the California Undercurrent in each year.

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November 10, 15:20 (S12-11304)

Effects of the Blob on phytoplankton and copepod species composition, community
structure and biodiversity off the central Oregon coast
William T. Peterson1, Xiuning Du2, Jennifer Fisher2 and Jay Peterson3
NOAA-Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: bill.peterson@noaa.gov
Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA
3
NOAA-Fisheries Headquarters, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, MD, USA

4

1

5

2

6

The Gulf of Alaska (GOA) became anomalously warm in autumn/winter 2013-14 due to a lack of cyclonic storms
that usually mix (and subsequently cool) the water column. Warming continued through spring/summer 2014,
spreading across the North Pacific (NP) Ocean, resulting in SST anomalies up to +4.5°C. This warm mass ofwater, named colloquially “The Blob”, began to shift eastward towards North America in spring 2014, but theoffshore Ekman transport associated with coastal upwelling held it offshore of California, Oregon, and Washington.
Northerly winds weakened in mid-September and the Blob moved onshore, raising SST off Oregon by 6°C in five
hours. Fortnightly sampling along the Newport Hydrographic Line has shown that this warm water mass occupied
the upper 60-80 m of the shelf off Oregon, and brought ~ 20+ species of phytoplankton and copepod species thatwere either new records or known to occur only in waters far offshore and/or during past major El Niño events(1983 and 1998). Many of the unusual species have NP Gyre and/or NP Transition Zone affinities indicating thatthe source waters of the “Blob” were of offshore and subtropical/tropical origin. New copepod records include:
Subeucalanus crassus, Mecynocera clausi, Acrocalanus spp., Clausocalanus furcatus, Cl. farrani, Calocalanuspavo, Calocalanus pavoninus, Scolecithricella dentata, Pleuromamma borealis, P. xiphias, Labidocera euchaeta,
Temora discaudata, and Acartia negligens. Copepod biodiversity was the highest ever observed, with 6-12 species
greater than climatology during most of 2015 and 2016, and continues to be high through at least June 2016.

November 10, 15:40 (S12-11286)

Euphausiid responses to recent warming events in the coastal upwelling zone off theOregon Coast, USA
C. Tracy Shaw1 and William T. Peterson2
1
2

University of South Florida College of Marine Science, St. Petersburg, FL, USA. E-mail: ctshaw@usf.edu
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, 2030 SE Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA

The arrival of the warm Blob off of Newport, Oregon, in September 2014 began a period of unprecedented warm
ocean conditions that has persisted for two years. How euphausiids respond to these changes has implications
throughout the food web, as they are important prey items for fish (including salmon and hake), seabirds, and marine
mammals. The ongoing Newport Line time series has sampled euphausiids since 2001, a period that encompasses
several PDO sign changes but nothing approaching recent elevated temperature conditions. Abundance, biomass,
length, reproductive activity, and cross-shelf distribution of the euphausiids Euphausia pacifica and Thysanoessa
spinifera were compared across years. From 2001-2013 the biomass of E. pacifica was similar during warm andcool years, with a consistent cross-shelf pattern of lower biomass inshore and higher biomass offshore. Offshore
biomass was higher during warm phases of the PDO, suggesting that E. pacifica adapts well to moderate warming.
In 2015 there were no E. pacifica at inshore stations and their offshore biomass was dramatically lower. Lengthsof E. pacifica adults were below average during 2015. Biomass of T. spinifera was historically higher at inshore
stations during cool conditions and similar at offshore stations regardless of whether conditions were warm orcool. In 2015 T. spinifera biomass offshore was similar to previous years but comprised entirely of juveniles. No
adult T. spinifera were found anywhere in the study area during 2015. Possible effects of warming on these speciesof euphausiids and potential impacts on the food web will be discussed.

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November 10, 16:20 (S12-11075)

Historical context for the atmospheric forcing of record high SSTs in the NE Pacific Arc
in 2014-16
James Johnstone1 and Nathan Mantua2
12

Independent researcher, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA/NMFS Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA. E-mail: nate.mantua@noaa.gov

This study examines the origins of record 2014-2016 sea surface warmth around the North American margins of
the northeast Pacific and the offshore subtropics extending to Hawaii. Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in thisnortheast Pacific ‘Arc’ reached the highest levels observed back to 1900, traced here to historically unprecedented
negative anomalies of subtropical sea-level pressure that signify a unique episode of weakness in the North
Pacific high and associated surface winds. We show that recent SST responses to subtropical SLP and winds are
consistent with long-term relationships, which include an unsteady century-long decline in subtropical SLP andclosely associated rise in regional SST. The observed trends in SLP are not predicted to be a response to historicalnatural and anthropogenic forcing by state-of-the art climate models, suggesting that either the climate models arewrong or that the SLP and associated SST trends are due to some other causes.

November 10, 16:40 (S12-11351)

The impacts of climate variability on the distribution of groundfish along the Northeast
Pacific coastal shelf
Lingbo Li1, Anne Hollowed1, Steve Barbeaux1, Jennifer Boldt2, Edward Cokelet3, Toby Garfield4, Stéphane
Gauthier5, Darin Jones1, Aimee Keller6, Jackie King2, Michelle McClure6, Olav Ormseth1, Wayne Palsson1, PatrickRessler1, Dale Sweetnam7, Phyllis Stabeno3, and Chris Wilson1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: lingbo.li@noaa.gov
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA

Global warming has impacted marine organisms in many different ways, including changes in species distribution.
Species have been observed to move to higher latitudes and deeper waters; however, to date, ontogenetic changes
have rarely been taken into account. Due to differences in habitat requirements across life stages, changes in species
composition likely plays an important role in the distributional shifts reported for species in many studies. Here
we present distributional responses of groundfish across size ranges to climate variability in the Northeast Pacificwith an emphasis on the unusual warm event “the Blob”. We analyzed a large amount bottom trawl and acoustic
survey data from the west coast of US, the west coast of Canada, and the Gulf of Alaska 2000 - 2015. A groupof commercially exploited fish species, gadids, sablefish, rockfish, and flatfish, were selected as representatives
for the three regions. Length bins were chosen through expert opinion to capture ontogenetic differences in
distribution for each species. We computed the centroids of the fish distribution (abundance-weighted location,
depth and temperature) for each species in each size bin and linked their distributions with potential predictors ofenvironmental changes, including absolute temperatures, temperature anomalies, and climate velocities. Finally,
we summarized the size-specific sensitivity and resilience of species to environmental changes.

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PICES-2016

November 10, 17:00 (S12-11374)

A decade of phytoplankton composition and environmental measurements along Line P
in the NE subarctic PacificAngelica Peña, Nina Nemcek and Marie Robert
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: Angelica.Pena@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Phytoplankton form the base of the food web and play key roles in climate regulation, carbon sequestration
and biogeochemical cycles. A better understanding of the links between phytoplankton abundance, community
composition and environmental conditions is required to predict potential future responses of phytoplankton toclimate change. In this study, we examine a decade (2006 -2015) of phytoplankton assemblage composition (asdetermined by HPLC-derived phytoplankton pigment concentrations) along Line P in the northeast subarctic Pacificas well as environmental conditions that could potentially control its seasonal and interannual variability. Nutrient
concentrations are usually high (>5 mmol m-3) and chlorophyll concentrations low (<0.5 mg m-3) year around in the
Fe-poor prymnesiophyte dominated offshore waters, whereas high seasonal variability in phytoplankton biomass
occurs in the nutrient-rich diatom dominated inshore waters of Line P. Unusually high chlorophyll concentrations(~1.3 mg-Chl m-3) were observed at the offshore end of Line P in August 2008 following a natural volcanic Fe
fertilization. Although an increase in diatoms was observed, the relative composition of phytoplankton was similar
to that of Aug/Sep of previous years. In comparison, the anomalous warming of the surface waters in October
2013 that persisted into 2015 resulted in low surface nutrients, low phytoplankton biomass and dominance of
cyanobacteria. Possible implications of these changes to lower trophic levels and biogeochemical cycles will be
discussed.

November 10, 17:20 (S12-11203)

Variability in North Pacific Ocean conditions: Assessing habitat-specific vital rates andthresholds for fishes
Stephen B. Brandt and Cynthia E. Sellinger
Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, USA. E-mail: stephen.brandt@oregonstate.edu

The critical importance of habitat to fish growth, reproduction, survival, and species interactions is well recognized.
Indeed, most stressors or environmental drivers (e.g. hypoxia, climatic fluctuations, and upwelling events) act
on fish populations through altering habitat conditions. Growth rate is a quantitative, integrative and nonlinear
response of a fish to the prevailing biological and physical/chemical conditions of the ecosystem and has thus
been considered a good indicator of habitat quality. Growth Rate Potential maps how well a fish would growif placed in a particular pelagic environment. We suggest that spatial and temporal distributions of growth rate
potentials for key top predators (e.g. Salmon, Tuna) could be used to assess the variability of habitat quality andquantity and that summary values (e.g. volume of habitat quantity capable of supporting growth) could provide anindex of ecosystem production. As an example, we evaluated the growth rate potential of adult Chinook salmon
in the North Pacific over a number of years. We analyzed water temperature, dissolved oxygen, wind speed anddirection, and salinity across the Pacific Northwest to contrast salmon growth rate potentials. Results show that:1) salmon growth rates differ both spatially and inter-annually; 2) a change in the salmon open-ocean habitat
quality occurred post-1970; and 3) salmon growth rates may be limited by both dissolved oxygen and watertemperature. Measures of annual growth rate potential correlated with annual catch rates of adult salmon.

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November 11
Session 10, FUTURE Topic Session (Day 2)
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic Forcing: Past, Present and Future
November 11, 09:00 (S10-11212)

An ensemble approach to understanding climate change in the PacificSamantha Stevenson, Antonietta Capotondi, John Fasullo, Bette Otto-Bliesner
Climate & Global Dynamics Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, 1850 Table Mesa Dr., Boulder, CA, USA
E-mail: samantha@ucar.edu

Pacific climate variability on interannual to decadal timescales is known to be sensitive to changes in backgroundclimate conditions, as well as atmosphere/ocean feedbacks. However, the degree to which shifts in modes ofvariability can be attributed to external climate forcings remains unknown. Efforts to assess these changes in a
multi-model framework are subject to uncertainties due to both differing model physics and unforced internalvariability. New community ensembles created at the National Center for Atmospheric Research and the NOAA
Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory are ideally suited to addressing this problem, providing many realizationsof the climate of the 850-2100 period with a combination of both natural and anthropogenic climate forcing factors.
Here we analyze the impacts of external forcing on Pacific climate variability, including the El Nino/Southern
Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Resultsfrom four model ensembles are presented: the CESM Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM-LME), which covers
the 850-2005 period and provides long-term context for forced responses; the Large Ensemble (CESM-LE),
which includes 20th century and 21st century (RCP8.5) projections; the Medium Ensemble (CESM-ME), which iscomposed of 21st century RCP4.5 projections; and the GFDL Large Ensemble (GFDL-LE), which includes 20th
century and RCP8.5 projections. Implications for assessing future tropical and North Pacific responses to external
forcing are discussed, as is the detectability of effects from climate mitigation strategies.

November 11, 09:25 (S10-11104)

Marine habitats in a changing world: Looking beyond correlation
Edward J. Gregr1, Rowenna Gryba2, Daniel M. Palacios3 and Kai M. A. Chan1123

Institute for Resources, Environment, and Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
E-mail: ejgregr@gmail.com
Stantec Consulting, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA

Understanding the spatial distribution of natural resources is necessary if integrated resource management is tobe legitimate to stakeholders, and relevant to managers. To also be credible, species distribution models needto integrate more ecological understanding, and rely less on statistical correlations than prevailing approaches.
Current dominant approaches to habitat suitability modeling include machine learning and random forests, whereobservations of species occurrence are correlated with a suite of abiotic environmental attributes. Forecasts offuture habitat are made by applying these correlative relationships to scenarios (e.g., via output from a climate
model). The challenges to such forecasts lie in the many (often implicit) assumptions necessary to construct suchcoupled models. Some of the least credible assumptions include spatial and temporal stationarity of process,sufficiency of model context, and equating of potential with realized habitat. The confidence we have (or don’t
have) in these assumptions is typically absent from such model forecasts. Drawing on an example from Canada’s
Pacific coast, we first demonstrate the importance of place-based, integrated indicators of marine ecosystems. We
then show how process-based models can help represent ecological knowledge of species distributions, and how
independent data validation can help uncover biases in our analyses. We also show how explicit consideration ofmodel scope and scaling can improve our understanding of the confidence we might place in our models. Suchsteps towards explicit communication of what we can and cannot expect from our models are necessary if we are
to build credible forecasts of species distributions.
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PICES-2016

November 11, 09:45 (S10-11083)

The influence of ENSO diversity on North Pacific ecosystems
Antonietta Capotondi1,2 and Prashant D. Sardeshmukh1,2
1
2

NOAA-ESRL PSD, Boulder, CO, USA. E-mail: antonietta.capotondi@noaa.gov
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a well-known driver of ecosystem variations in both equatorial and extraequatorial regions. While along the equator biological variations are directly affected by the stratification changes
accompanying the evolution of ENSO events, in the extra-equatorial regions such as the California Current System(CCS) the ENSO influence can occur through both oceanic (coastal Kelvin waves) and atmospheric pathways,
or “bridges”. ENSO events differ in amplitude, temporal evolution as well as spatial patterns, aspects that cansignificantly impact both local and remote influences. Previous studies have shown that warm ENSO events withlargest anomalies in the central Pacific (CP events) can trigger atmospheric changes responsible for forcing theNorth Pacific Gyre Oscillation, a mode of North Pacific variability which is strongly related to coastal upwellingand variations in important ecosystems indicators. Thus, the predictability of CP El Niño events may translate
into the ability to anticipate NPGO-induced ecosystem changes. In this presentation I will first review the main
characteristics of ENSO diversity and its influence on equatorial and off-equatorial Pacific ecosystems. I will thenuse the Linear Inverse Modeling (LIM) methodology to identify the 6-month precursors of CP events from sea
surface temperature (SST) and thermocline depth data over the period 1958-2007. The LIM analysis outlines apromising approach to investigate the sensitivity and predictability of tropical states that have the greatest impact
on North Pacific ecosystems.

November 11, 10:05 (S10-10942)

Wind stress, stratification, and source waters: How will eastern boundary current
upwelling processes respond to climate change?
Ryan R. Rykaczewski
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. E-mail: ryk@sc.edu

The close relationships among various atmospheric, oceanic, and biological processes in the upwelling
ecosystems to captivate the imagination of oceanographers from all disciplines, particularly in attempt to explain
the considerable ecosystem fluctuations that have occurred over decadal and multi-decadal periods. This naturalvariability in physical and biogeochemical properties poses challenges for marine populations inhabiting easternboundary upwelling ecosystems. As a consequence, there is growing concern for the sensitivity of these systems
to climate changes that may be exacerbated by anthropogenic activities. A number of hypotheses have beenoffered to describe the impacts of climate change on three key components of the upwelling process: changes inwinds (including intensification, poleward shifts, and altered seasonality), increased water-column stratification,and modified characteristics of source waters supplied to the upwelling systems. Rejection of hypotheses basedon observational records is hampered by limited ability to distinguish the impacts of anthropogenic climatechange from those of natural variability, but examination of numerical model projections offers some insight
to changes in the upwelling process over the coming century. I will describe the current understanding of the
upwelling response to basin-scale anthropogenic climate change, compare the California system to the otherprominent eastern boundary upwelling systems, and propose some ideas about the impacts of such changes on thecommunities inhabiting the upwelling regions. Improving such understanding is critical for anticipating the future
evolution of these systems and their ability to sustain productive ecological communities.

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PICES-2016

November 11, 10:50 (S10-11023)

Simulated influence of the 1976–77 regime shift on anchovy and sardine in the California
Current System
Haruka Nishikawa1, Enrique N. Curchitser2, Jerome Fiechter3, Kenneth A. Rose4 and Kate Hedstrom5
1
2
3
4
5

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: harukan@jamstec.go.jp
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USALouisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA

We investigate the influence of the well known 1976–77 regime shift on the Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax)
and the Pacific sardine (Sardinops caeruleus) in the California Current by using a fully-coupled end-to-end model.
This model is a multi-species, spatially explicit (3D), time-evolving, and consists of four coupled submodels(hydrodynamics, Eulerian nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton-detritus (NPZD), an individual-based full life
cycle anchovy and sardine model; agent-based fishery). Analysis of a 50-year historical simulation (1959–2008)
showed that anchovy recruitment (survival to age-1) was lower just after 1977, while sardine recruitment was
relatively unaffected by the regime shift.. The recruitment of both species was influenced by the growth andsurvival of individuals in the larval stage. The modeled zooplankton density shift from high to low in 1976–77
was most drastic in winter in the coastal area. Anchovy larvae feed extensively in the winter in the coastal area,
while sardine larvae were mainly distributed in the offshore area in the spring. The differential seasonal and spatial
responses of zooplankton in the simulation caused anchovy recruitment to be more sensitive than sardine to the
1976–77 regime shift. The zooplankton shift itself was a result of the nutrient concentration changes in the surface
layer. Nutrient concentrations decreased from 1977 due to the weakening of both the coastal upwelling and mixed
layer shoaling, which reduced the vertical nutrient flux from the bottom layer to the surface layer.

November 11, 11:10 (S10-11392)

Environmental DNA metabarcoding from fishes (and other vertebrates) using universal
primers MiFish: A data-driven approach for fish community research
Masaki Miya
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: masaki_miya@me.com

Environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic environments refers to genetic material found in the water column.
Recent studies demonstrated the utility of eDNA for detecting fishes from various aquatic environments, including
ponds, rivers, streams, and seawater. Most of these studies focused on detection of a single or a few invasive andrare or threatened species, while some recent studies attempted simultaneous detection of multiple species inlocal fish communities and mesocosms. The latter approach is called “metabarcoding” and eDNA metabarcoding
uses one or multiple sets of PCR primers to coamplify a gene region across taxonomically diverse samples. Thisis followed by library preparation with indexing and adapter addition, and the indexed libraries are analyzed bya high-throughput parallel sequencing platform. Recently Miya et al. (2015) developed universal PCR primers
for metabarcoding eDNA from fishes (called “MiFish”). The MiFish primers target a hypervariable region of
the mitochondrial 12S rRNA gene (163–185 bp), which contains sufficient information to identify fishes totaxonomic family, genus and species except for some closely related congeners. With the use of MiFish primers
in eDNA metabarcoding (MiFish metabarcoding), Miya et al. (2015) detected more than 230 subtropical marine
species from aquarium tanks with known species composition and coral reefs near the aquarium. Subsequently I
have detected various marine fishes from various environments by these metabarcoding approaches. This highthroughput approach can yield approximately 15,000,000 reads from >1,000 libraries in a single MiSeq run. The
MiFish metabarcoding approach is non-invasive, more efficient, more cost-effective and more sensitive than the
traditional survey methods. It could serve as an alternative (or complementary) tool for biodiversity monitoringthat will greatly aid natural resource management and ecological studies of fish communities on unprecedentedly
larger spatial and temporal scales.

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November 11, 11:35 (S10-11296)

Seasonal climate predictions to improve fisheries management decisions
Désirée Tommasi1 and Charles Stock2
1
2

Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA. E-mail: dtommasi@princeton.edu
NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ, USA

Fish populations are strongly influenced by climate variability. The inability of fisheries managers to anticipate
such environment-driven fluctuations in fish productivity can lead to overfishing and stock collapses. We showthat recent advances in dynamical global climate prediction systems such as the state of the art NOAA GeophysicalFluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) 2.5-FLOR model, allow for skillful sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly
predictions at a seasonal scale over many shelf ecosystems. Such seasonal forecasts were coupled to a population
dynamics model of Pacific sardine in a management strategy evaluation framework to evaluate harvest strategies
more robust to climate variability. The harvest guideline that incorporated stock biomass forecasts informed byskillful SST predictions led to increases in stock biomass and yield, and reductions in the probability of yield andbiomass falling below socioeconomic or ecologically acceptable levels. However, to mitigate the risk of collapse
in the event of an erroneous forecast, it was important to combine such forecast-informed harvest controls withadditional harvest restrictions at low biomass. This analysis highlights the utility of skillful seasonal climate
predictions to enhance forecast capacity for marine ecosystems and build management systems more resilient toclimate variability and change.

November 11, 11:55 (S10-11178)

The mechanics of range shifts in a warming world
Jennifer Sunday
Biodiversity Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. E-mail: Sunday@biodiversity.ubc.ca

As the world has warmed, species distributions are moving polewards in latitude, upwards in elevation and deeper
in depth. This global redistribution of biodiversity calls on ecologists to apply long-standing hypotheses about thefactors that limit species distributions. Here I present macrophysiological analyses of the extent to which global
ectotherms are physiologically limited within their distributional range. I use records of marine species’ range
shifts to further elucidate the relative roles of species traits and ecological interactions in mediating range shifts
in a warming world. From this and other work, I review emerging generalities on the ecology and mechanics ofclimate range shifts and directions of climate adaptation strategies.

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Abstracts
Poster Presentations

PICES-2016

Session 1: Science Board Symposium
25 Years of PICES: Celebrating the Past, Imagining the Future
S1-P1

Highlights from 16 years of the North Pacific CPR program, a PICES MONITOR project
Sonia Batten1, Sanae Chiba2,3, Tomoko M. Yoshiki2 and Hiroya Sugisaki41
2
3
4

Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, c/o 4737 Vista View Cres., Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: soba@sahfos.ac.uk
RCGC, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
UNEP-World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK
Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, JapanAt the 1998 PICES annual meeting the PICES MONITOR Task Team recommended that the Continuous Plankton
Recorder be used to monitor the plankton populations of the North Pacific, to provide large scale coverage ofthe then poorly-sampled open ocean ecosystems of the PICES region. This recommendation was acted upon
and the first routine plankton sampling began from two commercial ships in 2000, which towed the CPR ona monthly basis on their regular routes. Over 24,000 plankton samples have now been collected and archived,with taxonomically-resolved abundance data available from over 6,000 of them. This poster showcases someof the highlights from research conducted on these data over the last 16 years. We specifically chose examples
that demonstrate the wide-ranging geographic coverage and applicability such as; East-West comparison of
zooplankton size structure, links between plankton and larval herring, responses of the plankton to ocean climatechanges, molecular analyses of Pseudo-nitzschia diversity. The program is now firmly established and represents
a significant achievement of PICES.

S1-P2

Negotiating the international instrument on BBNJ: Long-term implications
Robert Blasiak1,2, Jeremy Pittman3 and Nobuyuki Yagi1
1
2
3

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: a-rb@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan
University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada

With United Nations General Assembly Resolution 69/292 in 2015, discussions regarding biodiversity in marine
areas beyond national jurisdiction (BBNJ) entered a new phase. This phase will move forward the negotiations ofa legally-binding agreement, which will impact the long-term conservation and sustainable use of BBNJ. At theinternational level, states are now engaging in Preparatory Committee meetings focused on the four “package”
elements of (1) area-based management tools, including MPAs; (2) marine genetic resources including aspectsof benefit sharing; (3) environmental impact assessments; and (4) capacity building and the transfer of marine
technology. The negotiations, however, have been marked by imbalances in participation and the technical capacityof different states to participate, despite international mechanisms and commitments to reduce inequality (notleast, Sustainable Development Goal 10). We will present initial research outcomes that quantify these imbalances
and, through a comparison with experiences implementing the UN Fish Stocks Agreement, will emphasize how
short-term investments towards fostering equal participation in the ongoing BBNJ process will be in the interestof all states.

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S1-P3

25 years history of ecosystem modeling related to PICES and myself
Michio j. Kishi
Retired (Professor Emeritous of Hokkaido University), Japan. E-mail: mjkishi @ nifty.com

In 1991-2, I published two important papers, named “A biomass-based model for the sand lance (Ammodytes
personatus) in Seto Inland Sea, Japan.” Ecological Modelling, 54, 247-263 and “A numerical analysis of
population dynamics of the sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) in the eastern Seto Inland Sea, Japan.” Fisheries
Oceanography, 1, 321-332. These papers compare two methods on the same ecosystem. Former is with biomass
based model (like NEMURO) and latter is with population dynamics. And at that time I was mainly involved incoastal ecosystem modeling. (e.g., “Numerical simulation model for quantitative management of aquaculture.”
Ecological Modelling, 72, 21-40). After PICES was established and I moved to Hokkaido, I began to make open
ocean model (e.g., ‘Modeling of spring bloom in the western subarctic Pacific (off Japan) with observed verticaldensity structure. Journal of Oceanogrrphy. 51, 471-488.’ Effect of ontogenetic vertical migration of zooplankton
on the results of NEMURO embedded in a general circulation model. Fisheries Oceanography, 12, 284-290,“NEMURO―a lower trophic level model for the North Pacific marine ecosystem. Ecological Modeling, 202, 1225.”). I want to review these historical papers, which “I” think are important for PICES science history.

S1-P4

Visitor activities and awareness of Marine Protected Areas and species composition at
rocky intertidal sites in San Diego
Monica Tydlaska
San Diego State University, 14357 Dalhousie Rd., San Diego, California, USA. E-mail: monicatyd@gmail.com

Human actions are changing both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems, and ultimately causing increased rates of
species extinctions. Furthermore, a majority of species’ population sizes and/or geographic ranges are declining
worldwide due to anthropogenic stressors. Many of the stressors that impact rocky intertidal ecosystems result
from increasing urbanization, recreational activities, and harvest of species at the shore. San Diego’s temperate
coastal climate, in particular, attracts large numbers of visitors who conduct recreational activities and harvest
species at the ocean water’s edge including the rocky intertidal zone. As a result, following years of planning,several marine areas around San Diego have been protected from harvest as part of a network of Marine
Protected Areas (MPAs). This study investigates (1) visitor knowledge about Marine Protected Areas (MPAs)
in San Diego County, (2) visitor activities and (3) species composition in three MPA intertidal locations andthree nearby non-MPA intertidal locations. Visitor intensity varied between 8-70 visitors per 10-minute period.
This thesis confirmed that the main problems facing rocky intertidal MPAs in San Diego County are (1) lack ofeffective enforcement, (2) inadequate signage, and (3) lack of visitor knowledge about MPA no-take regulations.
Improvements in management strategies are recommended such as additional efforts to educate visitors before
and during visitation, expanded docent programs, and increased enforcement of regulations. Better management
techniques are needed to reduce human impacts on all rocky intertidal ecosystems.

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S1-P5

Increase in toxic Alexandrium tamarense blooms with the climate regime shift to warmingin the eastern Bering Sea shelf
Masafumi Natsuike1,2, Rui Saito3, Amane Fujiwara4, Kohei Matsuno5, Atsushi Yamaguchi1, Naonobu Shiga6, Toru
Hirawake1, Takashi Kikuchi4, Shigeto Nishino4 and Ichiro Imai1
1

2

3
4
5
6

Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611, Japan
E-mail: imai1ro@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1-M1-4 Ookayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8550,
Japan
Center for Marine Environmental studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
Australian Antarctic Division, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania 7050, Australia
Hakodate Junior College, Hakodate, Hokkaido 042-0955, Japan

Recently, high numbers of resting cysts of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense were found on thebottom sediment surface on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. In addition, warming has been recently reported alongwith several biological changes in the area. Thus, a climate regime shift potentially affected the occurrence of A.
tamarense on the eastern Bering Sea shelf. We aimed to detect the occurrence of the A. tamarense vegetative cells
in this area and evaluate the relationship between climate regime shifts and occurrence of A. tamarense. Interannual field surveys of A. tamarense were conducted along a transect line on the eastern Bering Sea shelf during
summers from 2004 to 2013. Massive blooms of Alexandrium tamarense were observed during the warm period(2004 and 2005) on the shallow shelf (<100 m), while low abundances were observed during the cold period(2009, 2012, and 2013), with a positive correlation between abundance and water temperature. The maximum celldensity of A. tamarense observed during the warm period (60,900 cells L-1) was much higher than the PSP warninglevel (>100 – 1,000 cells L-1) in other subarctic areas. This study demonstrated that warming triggered the massive
occurrences of A. tamarense on the Bering Sea shelf, and suggests that future predicted warming not only in the
Bering Sea shelf but also in other subarctic and arctic regions will bring increases in frequency and scale of toxic
blooms and toxin contamination of plankton-feeders that are serious threats to human and marine ecosystems.

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S2: BIO/TCODE/FIS Topic Session
Early Life History Stages as Indicators and Predictors of Climate
Variability and Ecosystem Change
S2-P1

Interactive effects of incubation temperature and salinity on the early life stages of Pacific
cod Gadus macrocephalus
Xiaodong Bian1, Xiumei Zhang2, Yasunori Sakurai3, Xianshi Jin1, Ruijing Wan1, Tianxiang Gao2 and Jun
Yamamoto3
1

2
3

The Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: jin@ysfri.ac.cn(X. jin); bianxd@ysfri.ac.cn
College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China
Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Japan

The interactive effects of incubation temperature and salinity on the early life stages of Pacific cod Gadus
macrocephalus were examined under controlled laboratory conditions. Data were collected from two synchronizedexperiments. Experiment 1 was designed to evaluate the interactive effects of incubation temperature and salinity
on the hatchability of fertilized G. macrocephalus eggs. The egg thermal niche, contributions of temperature andsalinity on embryonic development, larval size and yolk storage at hatch were also noted while collecting egg
hatchability information. Experiment 2 was set up to evaluate the interactive effects of incubation temperatureand salinity on the mean time from hatching to death of 50% of the unfed G. macrocephalus larvae (M50). The
results show that temperature could significantly influence the development and hatchability of the fertilized eggs,
as well as the hatching characteristics of G. macrocephalus. Viable hatch was significantly influenced by salinity
as the upper and lower thermal limits were approached, which shows the low-temperature–low-salinity synergism
and high-temperature–low-salinity inhibitory effects. Data on developmental rates as influenced by temperature
were presented at each tested salinity level. No such influences were found when considering the salinity at eachtested temperature level. A dome-shaped relationship was observed between temperature and the incidence oflarval size and yolk storage at hatch for most of the tested salinity levels. However, no such effect existed whenthe effect of salinity was considered at each tested temperature. The influence of temperature influence on larval
duration (M50) could be described in all cases by a power exponential function. Evidence on low-temperature–
low-salinity synergism, as well as high-temperature–low-salinity inhibitory effects, was also observed. The results
were discussed in reference to salinity modified temperature effects on the early life stages of G. macrocephalus.
The temperature of 4°C to 6°C, maximum hatchability and larvae size at hatch, and moderate salinity tolerance
and larval duration suggest the optimal temperature range for the survival and development of the early life stagesof G. macrocephalus in the field.

S2-P2

Density dependent effects on growth and migratory rate during sockeye salmon earlymarine residency
Cameron Freshwater1, Marc Trudel2, Terry Beacham2, Stewart Johnson2, Chrys Neville2 and Francis Juanes112Fisheries, Ecology and Marine Conservation Unit, Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
E-mail: ccfreshwater@gmail.com
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

Spawner length-at-age data and growth reconstructions from scales have long been used to identify density
dependent processes during ocean rearing in salmonids. However, these previous analyses have necessarily
focused on data from returning adult spawners and as a result, density dependent effects during early marine
residency are potentially underrepresented. Here we used otolith microstructure techniques to examine density
dependent effects during the first 1-2 months of marine residency in twelve populations of juvenile sockeye
salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). Specifically, we tested whether smolt size, ocean entry phenology, marine growthand migratory rate differed between years of extremely low (2011) and extremely high juvenile abundance (2012)240

PICES-2016
in the Strait of Georgia. After accounting for stock-specific variation, juvenile salmon that migrated in 2012 were
smaller at ocean entry, but ocean entry timing, marine growth rates and migratory rate did not differ between
years. Since abiotic conditions and the abundance of potential prey taxa were also relatively stable between
years, it is unlikely that density dependent effects were masked by differences in environmental conditions at sea.
The similar patterns that we observed between years suggest that early marine growth and behaviour in juvenile
sockeye salmon may not be strongly influenced by competitive interactions. Instead, early marine residency may
provide an opportunity for compensatory growth after density dependent impacts during freshwater rearing.

S2-P3

Interactive effect of thermal gradient and prey mismatch on thermal selection of juvenile
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
Zhe Li, Jun Yamamoto, Mitsuhiro Nakaya and Yasunori Sakurai
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: sakurai@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Climate change can cause spatial and temporal variance in thermal environments and prey abundances, which can
influence the cohort strength and productivity of marine fish particularly during the first summer of juvenile life.
In this study, we explored the relationship between prey mismatch and thermal selection of juvenile Pacific cod inexperimental thermal gradients. Prey mismatch was simulated by depriving food 24 h prior to each trial. Thermal
selections were exhibited by vertical positions of fed and unfed juveniles in different thermal gradients: I, 12 to
8 °C; II, 8 to 4°C; III, 8°C throughout the column. Neither prey condition (fed or unfed) nor thermal gradients
separately affected the thermal selection of the juveniles, but the interaction of the two factors significantly did. In
the present of thermal gradients, fed fish occurred at both warmer temperatures (10-12°C) and colder temperature(4-6°C), while unfed fish mainly occurred at acclimated temperature (8°C) in terms of average median depth. It
appears that prey mismatch narrows the temperature range of juvenile cod exhibiting avoidance of warmer orcolder waters when thermal gradient exists. Therefore, if the fish are mismatched with the distributions of theirprey in thermal-gradient waters, juvenile cod might face limited scope for searching for prey, possibly followedby elevated starvation risk.

S2-P4

Climate-driven variability in forage fish biodiversity in the California Current
Jarrod A. Santora1,2, Elliott L. Hazen3, Isaac D. Schroeder3, Steven J. Bograd3, Keith Sakuma2 and John C. Field2
1

2

3

Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA,
USA. E-mail: jsantora@ucsc.edu
Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA

Biodiversity has served as a benchmark for pristine and optimally functioning ecosystems. Marine biodiversity isunder threat of climate change and increasing human-related stressors, such as pollution, overfishing and habitat
destruction. Yet little is known about the natural variability of biodiversity in pelagic upwelling marine ecosystems,
which are often subject to substantial inter-annual and decadal variability of ocean-climate conditions. Attributingchanges in marine biodiversity to productivity cycles and anomalous climate events, and detecting long-term
biodiversity trends, is paramount to understanding climate forcing on trophodynamics of upwelling ecosystems.
Using data from the NMFS Rockfish Recruitment and Ecosystem Survey, we quantified diversity indices of forage
fish collected over 26 years (1990-2015) during May/June to determine the natural variability and environmental
determinants of biodiversity within the central California upwelling ecosystem. We found that diversity andevenness of the total assemblage declined within Monterey Bay. Biodiversity time series indicate there are twoalternate forage fish assemblages that relate to differences in warm/cool and strong/weak upwelling years thatvary in 3-5 year cycles. Cool years are associated with increased biodiversity of juvenile rockfish, whereas warm
years coincide with increased biodiversity of coastal pelagic species and mesopelagic fishes. During 2015, a yearof anomalous warm surface-ocean conditions, we observed unprecedented high levels of biodiversity and attributeit to productivity of rockfish and transport of sub-tropical species. Using a combination of remote-sensing andin situ hydrographic data, we compare 2015 to previous anomalous ocean-climate conditions and discuss how
biodiversity of forage fish may impact trophodynamics of upwelling ecosystems and predator-prey interactions.
241

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S2-P5

Autumn ichthyoplankton assemblage in the Yangtze Estuary shaped by environmental
factors
Hui Zhang; and Weiwei XianInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: wwxian@qdio.ac.cn

This study investigated the response of the ichthyoplankton community to environmental changes in the Yangtze
Estuary using canonical correspondence analysis. Ichthyoplankton community and environmental data wererecorded during autumns in 1998, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2007 and 2009. Among the ichthyoplankton, thedominant larval and juvenile families were the Engraulidae, Gobiidae and Salangidae, and the most common eggs
were from Trichiurus lepturus. The ichthyoplankton was identified via canonical correspondence analysis to threeassemblages: an estuary assemblage dominated by Chaeturichthys stigmatias, a coastal assemblage dominated byEngraulis japonicus and Stolephorus commersonii, and an offshore assemblage dominated by Trichiurus lepturus.
Regarding environmental factors in the Yangtze Estuary, suspended matter and surface seawater salinity were themain factors influencing the distributions of the different assemblages, while sediment from the Yangtze Riverduring the rainy season and chlorophyll a were the principle drivers of the annual variances in the distributionof ichthyoplankton assemblages. Our aims in the present study are to provide detailed characterizations of
the ichthyoplankton assemblage in autumns, examine the long-term dynamics of autumn ichthyoplankton
assemblages, and evaluate the influence of environmental factors on the spatial distribution and inter-annual
variations of ichthyoplankton assemblages associated with the Yangtze Estuary. This study was supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41406136, No.31272663, No.41176138 and U1406403).

S2-P6

Source water variability in the California Current System and implications to rockfish
production
Isaac D. Schroeder1, Jarrod A. Santora2, Elliott L. Hazen1, Steven J. Bograd1, Brian K. Wells3 and John C. Field3
12

3

Environmental Research Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Monterey, CA, USA. E-mail: Isaac.Schroeder@noaa.gov
Fisheries Ecology Division, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic andAtmospheric Administration, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA,
USA

Understanding connections between ocean-climate conditions and early life stages of fish is critical for informing
ecosystem-based management strategies. In particular, investigating changes in the abundance of late larval andjuvenile life history stages (after the influence of density-independent processes) in response to regional ocean
conditions, such as anomalous transport patterns and water mass properties, is important for understanding thephysical drivers of recruitment to support marine fisheries. Using output from a regional ocean model and a 34
year time series of pelagic juvenile (young-of-the-year; YOY) rockfish (Sebastes spp.) off of Central California,
we investigate the connection between regional source water variability and YOY abundance. Interannual
variability of spiciness on deep potential density isopycnals explains a considerable fraction of the variationin rockfish abundance, due to changes in source water with in the California Current. Years of high rockfish
abundances correspond to lower spice levels indicative of a greater portion of Pacific Subarctic Upper Water
within the northern California Current region.

242

PICES-2016

S3: MEQ Topic Session
Source, Transport and Fate of Hydrocarbons in the Marine
Environment
S3-P1

Atmospheric concentration of petroleum derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons after
the Hebei Spirit oil spill
Joon Geon An1, Un Hyuk Yim1,2*, Sung Yong Ha1, Moonkoo Kim1,2 and Won Joon Shim1,2
1
2

Oil and POPs research group, South Sea Research Institute, KIOST, Geoje, R Korea. E-mail: uhyim@kiost.ac.kr
Marine Environmental Science, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

The Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 7th, 2007 was the biggest oil spill in Korea. Approximately 10,900 tons ofcrude oil (mixtures of Kuwait Export Crude, Iranian Heavy Crude, and UAE Upper Zakum Crude) were spilled
along the Taean coast (west coast of South Korea). Thirty percents of total mass of crude oil, mostly volatilehydrocarbons were evaporated at the initial stage of spill. Harner type passive air samplers (PAS) consistingof polyurethane foam were deployed at two spill sites (Gaemok-port and Mallipo) and one reference site
(Mageum-ri) for one year after the spill on monthly basis. EPA priority PAHs and alkylated PAHs were measured.
Concentrations of 15 PAHs at spill sites were similar to those reported at reference site. On the other hand,concentrations of alkylated PAHs measured at spill sites were significantly higher than that of a reference site rightafter the spill. In particular, the concentrations and profiles of alkylated phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes
exhibited strong influence of petroleum derived PAHs inputs. One of oil fingerprinting index, PAHs double ratiousing alkylated phenanthrenes and dibenzothiophenes identified petrogenic input source and further implicatedenvironmental fate of volatile fractions of spilled oil.

S3-P2

Influence of ships bilge water on sea water pollution with petroleum hydrocarbons
Anna S. Vazhova and Andrey P. Chernyaev
Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia
E-mail: free_flyer@mail.ru

Bilge water are present in all types of vessels. When operating power plants of the engine room, a large numberof tiny drops of fuel and oils, which are concentrated in the bilges, where pumped into special tanks. Bilge
water is much less than the ballast, but the concentration of oil in these waters is much higher. Most intensively
contaminated water in places where ships and during loading and unloading operations, that is, in the port waters
and the outer roads. To assess the environmental performance of the fishing industry fleet, investigated several
bilge water SRTM in parking mode. Investigated research ship: “TINRO” and “Professor Kaganovsky”. They
are medium-trawlers refrigerators displacement of about 1,000 tons. The average volume of bilge water on shipsof this type is about 5 tonnes / day. The content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the test water was 1.5 mg / l. For
this indicator, they are referred to the extremely-dirty. During the fishing season in one small area of fisheries arelocated hundreds of ships. Recorded content of petroleum hydrocarbons in the surface waters of the Bering Sea inareas with large concentrations of fishing vessels reached 0.4 mg / l, so that the role of the fishing industry vessels
in the formation of oil pollution may be significant.

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S4: FIS Topic Session
Climate Variability, Climate Change and the Reproductive
Ecology of Marine Populations
S4-P1

Plasticity in reproductive strategies for rockfish in the Southern California Current andlinkages to maternal characteristics and climatic variability
Lyndsey S. Lefebvre1,2, Sabrina G. Beyer1,2, Neosha S. Kashef1,2, David M. Stafford1,2, Susan M. Sogard2 and John
C. Field212

University of California Santa Cruz, Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate (CIMEC), Santa Cruz, CA, USA
E-mail: Lyndsey.Lefebvre@noaa.gov
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Reproductive strategy is generally accepted to be a fixed life history characteristic in fish species (e.g. batch
spawning species with indeterminate fecundity will demonstrate this type of reproduction each spawning season);
however, it remains uncertain whether fecundity patterns are a genotypic response or the phenotypic response toprevailing environmental conditions. The majority of rockfish species (Sebastes spp.) in the California Current
region exhibit total spawning, producing one brood of larvae annually. However, several species are known
to produce more than one brood of larvae annually. These multiple brooding species appear to demonstrateindeterminate fecundity, being capable of doubling (or more) their annual reproductive contribution comparedto single brooding individuals. Additionally, mass atresia events, whereby developing oocytes are resorbed
and reproduction is suspended for the current reproductive season, have been documented in several rockfish
species. Both phenomena vary annually and regionally and are believed to ultimately be driven by environmental
conditions (temperature, food availability) that allow for some females to invest more heavily in reproduction or
require that some females miss a reproductive opportunity altogether. Both multiple brooding and mass atresia
are observed in Chilipepper rockfish (S. goodei) and appear to be related to maternal size. Fresh ovarian tissue aswell as more detailed histological slides were examined to identify occurrences of these two phenomena. Thesephenomena; their relationship with maternal size and geography; and their potential influence on population
dynamics and fisheries management will be discussed.

S4-P2

Ovarian development, energy storage, and skipped spawning in female sablefish in Alaska
Cara Rodgveller1, Katy Echave1, Peter-John Hulson1 and Karson Coutré212National Marine Fisheries Service, Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov
Earth Resources Technology Inc., Juneau, AK, USA

Female sablefish, Anoplopoma fimbria, were sampled close to the spawning season in December 2011 for the firsttime in the Gulf of Alaska. Skipped spawning females, fish that have spawned in the past but are not in the current
season, were documented for the first time. Age at maturity was heavily influenced by whether skipped spawners
were classified as mature or immature in logistic models of age at maturity. In December 2015 we sampled female
sablefish in the same areas for a comparison of skipped spawning rates and age at maturity estimates by year. We
also collected maturity data during the summer of 2015 for a comparison by season. Age at maturity varied greatly
within the summer depending on the geographic area; these differences may partially be explained by variationin when females initiate maturation, which could be related to the environment and the age structure in eachgeographic area (older fish may initiate sooner). Livers, which are used as stores of energy, were collected in bothseasons. Only in the winter, fish that would spawn had larger livers, relative to body weight, than those that would
skip spawning and immature fish. For immature fish, relative liver weight increased with fish size in both seasons,but was constant for mature fish. This indicates that immature fish are focused on increasing energy storage andthat this plateaus when they reach maturity.

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S4-P3

Effects of the North Pacific Current on productivity of 163 Pacific salmon stocks
Michael J. Malick1, Sean P. Cox1, Franz J. Mueter2, Brigitte Dorner3 and Randall M. Peterman1
1
2
3

Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. E-mail: mmalick@sfu.ca
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA
Driftwood Cove Consulting, GD Lasqueti Island, BC, Canada

Horizontal ocean transport can influence the dynamics of higher-trophic-level species in coastal ecosystems byaltering physical oceanographic conditions, predation, or the advection of food resources into coastal areas. In thisstudy, we estimated the effects of two modes of variability in the North Pacific Current (NPC) on productivity ofNorth American salmon stocks to better understand how pathways of horizontal ocean transport could influence
population dynamics of Pacific salmon. Specifically, we used Bayesian hierarchical models to estimate how
strongly productivity of 163 pink, chum, and sockeye salmon stocks was influenced by (1) the north-south locationof the NPC bifurcation (BI) as it hits the west coast of North America and (2) the NPC strength, which wasindexed by the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). We found that for salmon stocks located in Washington(WA) and British Columbia (BC), both the BI and NPGO had significant effects on productivity: a northwardshifted bifurcation and a stronger NPC were associated with increased salmon productivity. For the WA andBC regions, the estimated NPGO effect was over two times larger than the BI effect for pink and chum salmon,
whereas for sockeye salmon the BI effect was 2.4 times larger than the NPGO. In contrast, we found weak effects
of both horizontal ocean transport processes on productivity of salmon stocks in Alaska. Taken together, ourresults provide some evidence that the relative importance of horizontal transport pathways may differ between
northern and southern areas for the species examined here.

S4-P4

On identification of mesoscale eddies from satellite altimetry based on the area in the NW
Pacific
Tatiana V. BelonenkoSaint Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. E-mail: btvlisab@yandex.ru

We considered three methods that are traditionally utilized to identify, by using of satellite data, synoptic eddies.
A comparison is carried out on the example of a water area located in the NW Pacific. 1) Sea level anomalies, 2)
relative vorticity, and 3) Okubo-Weiss parameter are mapped based on satellite altimetry data. It has been revealed
that the distribution of these three differs significantly in number, size, and allocation of isolated irregularities
that are usually identified as mesoscale eddies. Heterogeneities that are identified using the relative vorticity havesmaller spatial scales compared with ones allocated in the sea level anomalies. Only distribution of sea levelanomalies or relative vorticity can give a false picture of the vortices. Heterogeneities allocated in these fields
are not synonymous of vortices since Okubo-Weiss parameter has positive values for them. We demonstrated
that researchers often make erroneous interpretation of the altimetry data, finding eddies where they do not reallyexist. Formation of various heterogeneities in the sea level anomalies as well as in the relative vorticity could be
influenced by other forces, especially by westward propagating planetary waves (low-frequency Rossby waves)and by their interaction with sea currents.

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S4-P5

Influence of environmental factors and density dependence on variability in reproductive
output and growth of Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus monopterygius)
Susanne McDermott1 and Morgan Arrington2
1
2

NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: susanne.mcdermott@noaa.govv
NOAA Affiliate, NuWest, Bellevue, WA, USA

We examined variability of length-weight relationships and condition factors for Atka mackerel at Seguam passin the Aleutian Islands, Alaska from 1999 until 2015. Female Atka mackerel fecundity has been shown to bestrongly correlated to weight. Therefore the variability of condition factor will be used as a proxy for potential
variability in reproductive output. Condition factor and length-weight relationships for Atka mackerel are highlyvariable over time. We will examine the influence of environmental factors such as temperature and densitydependent factors such as year class strength on the variability of these parameters. In addition, we will examine
the seasonal aspect of condition factor and discuss how seasonal and between year variability of length-weight
relationships and condition factor can influence biomass estimates in the stock assessments and contribute touncertainty when estimating spawning biomass.

S4-P6

Temperature effects on the reproductive traits of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus
Hiroshige Tanaka1, Toru Nakagawa2, Takashi Yokota2, Naoto Murakami2, Masayuki Chimura1, Yuuho Yamashita1
and Tetsuichiro Funamoto1
1

2

Kushiro Laboratory, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Kushiro,
Japan. E-mail: tanakahs@affrc.go.jp
Akkeshi Laboratory, Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Akkeshi, Japan.

In this study, the reproductive traits of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus (formerly Theragra chalcogramma)in the same age class were examined in relation to temperature variation under rearing experiments. We conducted
two experiments, in which 1) the temperature during and shortly before the spawning season was manipulated,and 2) the temperature long before the spawning season (non-spawning season) was manipulated. In the firstexperiment, the variation in temperature regime (2–8 °C) resulted in the variation in the peak of spawning period(the higher the temperature, the earlier the peak), but not in the size of eggs. In the second experiment, the fish
reared at the lower temperatures in the non-spawning season grew more and spawned eggs of larger size thanthat of the other treatment. Meanwhile, total egg production was largely explained by female body weight for
both experiments. Thus the temperature during the spawning season would mainly determine the speed of final
maturation process, while that during the non-spawning season would determine the amount of resource storage
which is invested on egg production. These findings would be fundamental to understand reproductive dynamics
including maternal effects of this species.

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S4-P7

Identifying robust model selection tools for including environmental links to recruitment
in North Pacific groundfish stock assessments
Ashley E. Weston1, Carey R. McGilliard2 and Gavin Fay1
1

2

Department of Fisheries Oceanography, School of Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth,
Fairhaven, MA, USA. E-mail: gfay@umassd.edu
NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Effects of environmental and climate drivers on groundfish recruitment in the North Pacific have been identified,with calls to include these effects in stock assessment models used to provide management advice. However, theability of model selection tools to distinguish among alternatives for the relationship between environment andrecruitment within stock assessments has not been evaluated. The robustness of harvest policies that account forrecruitment-environmental linkages is also unknown.
To determine appropriate models for conducting fisheries forecasts under climate change, we evaluate theability of model selection tools (Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC), Deviance Information Criterion, Mohn’s
retrospective statistic, and cross validation) to choose among assessment models that differ in modeled linkages
between recruitment and the environment. We use Stock Synthesis to simulation test the estimation performance ofmodels chosen by these tools with that of models where recruitment-environment linkages are specified correctly.
We determine the consequences for estimates of reference points used for fisheries management in the Gulf of
Alaska. Comparing models with or without an environmental link to unfished recruitment for flathead sole, AIC
failed to consistently choose the correct estimation model, on average selecting a model with no environmental
link even when the true dynamics included this effect. Resulting estimates of management quantities were biased
when the assumed recruitment-environmental link was incorrect.
Our study provides guidance on the use of model selection tools for stock assessment models incorporating
recruitment-environment relationships, improving the ability to assess the sensitivity and robustness of fisheries
forecasts under climate change to model uncertainty.

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S5: BIO/MONITOR/MEQ Topic Session
Understanding our Changing Oceans through Species
Distributions and Habitat Models based on Remotely Sensed Data
S5-P1

Impacts of climate change on suitable regions for Japanese scallop aquaculture in
Shandong, China and southern Hokkaido, Japan, using RS/GIS
Yang Liu1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh1,2, Yongjun Tian3 and Rong Wan3
1
2
3

Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: yangliu315@hotmail.co.jp
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, PR China

The Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is an important commercial species in southern Hokkaido, andit was first introduced into China from Japan as an alternative species for aquaculture in 1982. Japanese scallops
quickly became a popular species that was widely promoted and cultured in Shandong provinces. However,climate change, and human activities affect coastal environments and aquaculture, threatening food security andeconomic growth for the coastal communities of Shandong, China and southern Hokkaido, Japan. In this study,
we combined satellite remote-sensing data, in situ observations, and a suitable aquaculture site selection model
to explore the interactions between marine environments and climate variability over a recent 13-year period(2003–2015). Our analyses of climatic event (Winter East Asian monsoon (EAM), and El Niño/La Niña Southern
Oscillation (ENSO)) and meteorological (precipitation, temperature, and wind) data allowed us to determine theimpacts of climate change on regional coastal environments and more specifically, prospective sites for scallop
aquaculture. These analyses showed that EAM strongly influenced the aquaculture areas on the Shandong throughtheir effects on temperature during winter. We also determined that wind was the main driving force behind regional
environmental changes during spring. Conversely, in southern Hokkaido, suitable areas for scallop aquaculture
and variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and sea temperature were correlated with ENSO. Adaptation to
oceanic and atmospheric changes should be considered when developing plans and management strategies forcoastal scallop aquaculture in northeast Asia.

S5-P2

Integrating habitat, prey and predators over space and time to assess distributional
responses to environmental variability and climate change
Caren Barceló1, Lorenzo Ciannelli1, Ryan Rykaczewski2, Bryan Wright3, Richard D. Brodeur4 and Leigh Torres5
1

2
3
4
5

College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
Email: cbarcelo@coas.oregonstate.edu
Department of Biology, University of South Carolina, USA
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife (ODFW), USA
NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
Marine Mammal Institute, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA

Impacts of climate change on the distribution of marine predators are typically assessed in isolation from aspectsof community ecology, such as predator and prey relationships. This omission limits our potential to understand,anticipate and respond to changes in ocean ecosystems. Our research uses species distribution models (SDMs)
to integrate habitat, prey and predators to achieve more realistic spatial predictions. We generated SDMs ofCalifornia sea lions and some of their prey items (anchovy, sardine, herring) off the Oregon and Washington
coasts to describe and compare habitat use and to predict distribution patterns under various temporal and climatechange scenarios. Prey SDMs are based on pelagic fish trawls (n=498) conducted 2-3 times annually since 1998
that frequently catch sea lion prey (anchovy, sardine, herring). Predator SDMs of California sea lions are based onsatellite telemetry (n=26 tracks). Covariates in models of predator and prey include static features and remotelysensed oceanographic data. Prey models demonstrate distinct habitat and distributional patterns between fish248

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species. We also couple and compare prey and predator SDMs to describe spatial overlap and spatial shifts of
predator and prey model predictions under forecasted climate change. These methods synoptically compare
habitat preferences and distributional responses of California sea lions and their prey to environmental variability.
Results describe how the permeating effects of climate change and environmental conditions will impact theredistribution of marine predators and their prey.

S5-P3

Distribution of Arctic and Pacific copepods and their habitat in the northern Bering and
Chukchi Seas
Hiroko Sasaki1,2, Kohei Matsuno1,2, Amane Fujiwara3, Misaki Onuka4, Atsushi Yamaguchi2, Hiromichi Ueno2,
Yutaka Watanuki2 and Takashi Kikuchi3
1
2
3
4

Arctic Environment Research Center, National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: hirosasaki@affrc.go.jp
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, JapanTo quantify the factors affecting the abundance of copepod in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, we constructed
habitat models explaining the spatial patterns of large and small Arctic and Pacific copepods, separately. The
structures of water masses indexed by using principle component analysis scores, satellite-derived timing of sea
ice retreat, bottom depth, and chlorophyll a concentration were integrated into generalized additive models as
explanatory variables. The adequate models for all copepods exhibited clear continuous relationships between theabundance of copepods and the indexed water masses. Large Arctic copepods were abundant at stations where thebottom layer was saline; however they were scarce at stations where warm fresh water formed the upper layer.
Small Arctic copepods were abundant at stations where the upper layer was warm and saline and the bottom layer
was cold and highly saline. In contrast, Pacific copepods were abundant at stations where the Pacific-origin watermass was predominant (i.e. a warm, saline upper layer and saline and a highly saline bottom layer). All copepod
groups showed a positive relationship with early sea ice retreat. Early sea ice retreat has been reported to cause
spring blooms in open water, allowing copepods to utilize more food while maintaining their high activity in warm
water without sea ice and cold water. This finding indicates that earlier sea ice retreat has positive effects on theabundance of all copepod groups in the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas, suggesting a change from a pelagic–
benthic-type ecosystem to a pelagic–pelagic type.

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S6: POC/MEQ/MONITOR/BIO Topic Session
What Factors make or break Trophic Linkages?
S6-P1

Anomalous ocean conditions in 2015 and the impact on spring Chinook salmon and theirprey fieldElizabeth A. Daly1, Richard D. Brodeur2 and Toby D. Auth312
3

Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: Elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Newport, OR, USA
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Newport, OR, USA

Anomalously warm winter ocean conditions in 2014-15, when prey resources of juvenile salmon develop, would
typically predict low salmon prey biomass, based on our previous 18 year time-series. This was not the case in2015, when abnormally high biomasses of northern anchovy and rockfish larvae were present. The trophic habitsof juvenile Chinook salmon collected in coastal waters of the northern California Current in May 2015 reflected
higher proportions of juvenile rockfish being eaten, but no evidence of northern anchovies being consumed.
The May Chinook salmon diet composition most closely resembled those of other warm years of our study
period, when subsequent adult salmon returns were poor. June diets also reflected a warm prey community being
consumed, with higher amounts of juvenile rockfish, northern anchovies, and crab megalopae being eaten, similar
to during the 1998 El Niño. Both May and June Chinook salmon had one of the highest percentages of empty
stomachs, but overall stomach fullness was average in May and especially low in June. Most salmon in 2015 were
below average weight for their length. In 2015, Chinook salmon weighed 17.6% less than the same size fish ina cold ocean year (2008). Poorer condition (thinness) of Chinook salmon related to decreased adult returns two
years later. Prey type, high numbers of empty stomachs, low June stomach fullness, and thin small salmon in 2015
suggests that the prospects for the 2015 ocean-entry smolts are not favorable, and documents clear climate forcing
on important marine trophic linkages.

S6-P2

Interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms and its biological impacts in the Sea ofJapan
Taketoshi Kodama1, Taku Wagawa1, Ken-ichi Fukudome2, Haruyuki Morimoto1, Naoki Iguchi1, Seiji Ohshimo3
and Tohya Yasuda4
1

2
3
4

Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Japan
E-mail: takekodama@affrc.go.jp
National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Japan
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, JapanThe magnitude of phytoplankton bloom in the Sea of Japan is recognized to affect small pelagic fish productivity
and are believed to have been influenced by human activity through an increase of anthropogenic nutrient
supply and elevation of seawater temperatures. In this study, interannual variation in phytoplankton blooms
was evaluated for the period September 1997 through May 2016, by using empirical orthogonal function (EOF)
analysis and monthly multi-satellite-derived sea surface chlorophyll a (SSChl a) concentrations after validation
with in situ chlorophyll a concentrations. The spatial structure of the first EOF of SSChl a was high in the south
and relatively low in the north. The first EOF score indicated that phytoplankton blooms in the Sea of Japanoccur in March–May and November. The interannual variation in the score in March was positively related to theabundance of copepod nauplii at the end of the next month, April, along the Japanese coast. This increase in themagnitude of spring phytoplankton blooms was considered to improve the feeding environments of small pelagic
fishes in the Sea of Japan. The SSChl a trend in March was positively associated with the landings of Japanesesardine in the next year. In contrast, we found a negative relationship between the score of the first EOF of SSChl
a in March and logarithms of recruitment per spawning biomass. It is suggested that production attributable tospring phytoplankton blooms in the Sea of Japan affects the feeding environment of both adults and larvae of theJapanese sardine.
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S6-P3

Developing marine food web models to evaluate blue whale, Cassin’s auklet and salmon
responses to long- and short-term changes in oceanography in the California Current
Ryan J. Hartnett1,2, Karina Nielsen2, Frances Wilkerson2, Meredith Elliott1, Nadav Nur1 and Jaime Jahncke1
1
2

Point Blue Conservation Science, Petaluma, CA, USA
Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA
E-mail: rhartnet@mail.sfsu.edu

Upwelling of deep water delivers nutrients to the surface that results in recurring blooms of phytoplankton,abundant zooplankton, and a diversity of pelagic predators in the Gulf of the Farallones (GOF), in the California
Current. Anomalous ocean conditions are linked to fluctuations in predator populations. Nutrients presumably playa key role in driving abundances of predators but has not been directly examined. Using the ten-year multivariate
ACCESS dataset from the GOF, we investigate mid- and high-trophic level responses to Pacific-basin scale
climate, regional and local ocean conditions. Using path analysis we examine how environmental drivers affectnutrients and determine spatial and temporal patterns in distribution and abundance of lipid-rich copepods andkrill. Similarly we analyze how drivers affect temporal abundance of blue whale, Cassin’s auklet, and salmon. We
find that krill and copepod abundance associates with strong upwelling near the shelf break during May-June, withdirect and indirect climate influence. Cassin’s auklet densities associated with environmental factors that regulate
krill availability near the surface where they feed. Blue whale abundance reflects overall krill biomass, driven byphytoplankton stock and ocean temperature. Salmon abundance is influenced by krill and climate during smolting
conditions. We find that zooplankton and top predators do not respond uniformly to conditions and changing
resources due to the complexity of the food web, how they utilize the ecosystem, and the traits of the variousorganisms involved. This complexity needs to be included in any attempts to model top predators’ responses tochanging ocean conditions.

S6-P4

Fine scale oceanography and the ecology of juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Salish Sea
William Duguid and Francis Juanes
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: willduguid@hotmail.com

While many juvenile Pacific Salmon migrate rapidly onto the continental shelf, some stocks remain in coastal
basins and inlets through their first marine summer. Epipelagic habitats in these regions may be highly structured:wind and tidal currents interact with complex topography, resulting in spatial variability in water column
stratification and generating hydrological features including tidal jets. This structure may result in regions whereconditions conducive to rapid growth lead to predictable concentrations of juvenile salmon; potentially modulating
both intraspecific density dependence and interactions with higher and lower trophic levels. We are employing aflexible, low cost, small vessel based approach (microtrolling), coupled with sampling of zooplankton and watercolumn properties, to investigate distribution, diet and growth of juvenile Chinook Salmon in Salish Sea. Our
results suggest that diet and growth of juvenile salmon varies between spatially adjacent but oceanographicallydissimilar sites. Furthermore, distribution and/or feeding activity is in some cases spatiotemporally structured
by tidal forcing at scales of 100s of meters or less. Understanding utilization of foraging hotspots should inform
attempts to determine factors controlling early marine survival in the Salish Sea and provide general insights into
how behavior interacts with fine scale oceanography to influence the ecology of juvenile salmon.

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S6-P5

Impact of physiological flexibility of phytoplankton on modeled primary production in
the western North Pacific
Yoshikazu Sasai and S. Lan Smith
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: ysasai@jamstec.go.jp

We compare modeled biomass and production from a recently developed flexible phytoplankton model (FlexPFT)
to that obtained with an inflexible control model, which is a typical NPZD-type model based on Monod kinetics
for growth with fixed C:N:chl ratios. We evaluate each model’s ability to reproduce observed seasonal cyclesof primary productivity, chlorophyll, and nutrients in the surface layer at two contrasting time-series sites, K2(subarctic gyre) and S1 (subtropical gyre) in the western North Pacific. The two models are the: 1) inflexible
control (NPZD) model, which uses the Monod/Michaelis-Menten equation, and 2) Flexible phytoplankton
functional type (FlexPFT) model, which accounts for the adaptive physiological response to changing light andnutrient levels. These two models produce different vertical distributions and seasonal cycles of production at
the two observation stations. Compared to the NPZD model, the FlexPFT has more intense peak production,
which occurs closer to the surface at both stations, and a more even seasonality with a clearly defined subsurface maximum at S1. Production is more evenly distributed vs. depth with the NPZD model, with low-levelsof production occurring down to greater depth, compared to the FlexPFT model. We examine the reasons for thesedifferences by comparing also the vertical distributions of chlorophyll and biomass (N) obtained with each model,
respectively.

S6-P6

Climate events and recruitment dynamics of anchovy in the California Current: A
mechanistic understanding using a climate-to-fish model
Dimitrios V. Politikos1, Enrique N. Curchitser1 and Kenneth A. Rose2
1
2

Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA. E-mail: dimitris@esm.rutgers.edu
Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA

A fully coupled climate-to-fish model is used to study the effect of varying ocean conditions of Californian waters
on anchovy recruitment during the last century. Our focus is on better understanding the response of anchovy interms of habitats, growth, survival, and consequently recruitment to regime shifts and major El Niño-La Niña
events documented in the California Current. An individual-based model simulated the full life cycle of anchovyby following the processes of growth, mortality, movement and spawning during the stages of fish development:
eggs, larvae, juveniles and adults. A coupled hydrodynamics-biogeochemical model provided the 3-dimensional
physical (water velocities, temperature) and prey fields (zooplankton) as inputs for the IBM model during the 19652000 period. Model results demonstrated that the occurrence of 1977-1978 regime shift induced the northward
shift of spawning grounds by 2.3o and the notable decrease of survival for winter-hatched larvae compared to the
1965-1976 period. The post-1978 period was characterized by persistent changes on larval survival and latitudinal
distribution of recruits distribution, implying a biological regime shift. Additionally, during the 1982-83 and 199192 El Niño warm events, simulated recruitment and weight of recruits decreased significantly, as a response toelevated temperatures and noticeable decrease of zooplankton biomass throughout the year. Our results provide animportant step to mechanistically understand the fluctuations of anchovy population driven by the dynamic ocean
environment of the California basin.

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S6-P7

Deepening thermocline displaces salmon catch on the Oregon coastPeter Lawson1, Cheryl Harrison2 and Lorenzo Ciannelli3123National Marine Fisheries Service, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: peter.w.lawson@noaa.gov
National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO, USA
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA

Establishing a linkage between fish stock distributions and physical oceanography at a fine scale provides
insights into the dynamic nature of near-shore ocean habitats and potential insights for fishery management. The
Project CROOS (Collaborative Research on Oregon Ocean Salmon) Chinook salmon catch data set represents anunprecedented high-resolution record of catch location and depth, with associated in-situ temperature measurements
and genetic data. Here we connect these data with remote and in situ observations of temperature, as well as adata assimilative regional ocean model that incorporates satellite and HF radar data, to gain understanding of
how circulation affects salmon catch distributions. Data from 2010 to 2014 near Newport, Oregon, USA, showthat catch was primarily located within the upwelling front over seamounts and reef structures associated with
Heceta and Stonewall Banks along the shelf break. In late September 2014 the anomalously warm “blob” began
to arrive on the Oregon coast, coincident with a strong downwelling event. At this time, the thermocline deepened
from 20 to 40 m, associated with a deepening and inshore shift of salmon catch location. A cold “bulb” of waterover Heceta Bank may have provided a thermal refuge for salmon during the initial onshore movement of theanomalously warm water. These observations suggest that a warming ocean, and regional warming events inparticular, will have large effects on fish distributions, in turn impacting the fisheries.

S6-P8

Biogeography of seabird assemblages in the Bering Sea: Spatial assessment ofoceanographic drivers and multispecies aggregation hotspots
Jarrod A. Santora1, Lisa Eisner2, Kathy Kuletz3, Carol Ladd4, Martin Renner5 and George L. Hunt Jr6
1

2
3
4
5
6

Center for Stock Assessment Research, Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA,
USA. E-mail: jsantora@ucsc.edu
NOAA-NMFS Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
US Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage Alaska, USA
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington, USA
Tern Again Consulting, Homer, Alaska, USA
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA

Integrated ecosystem assessments involving syntheses of the distribution and abundance of lower and upper trophic
levels reduce ambiguity about the location of key food web interactions. We assess how broad-scale changes inseabird assemblages relate to ocean physics and their functional relationship to the spatial organization of forage
species such as larval fish and zooplankton. Our overarching hypothesis is that the along-shelf distribution andabundance of seabirds during summer will reflect underlying hydrography, with an abrupt change in middle
shelf domain seabird species composition and abundance at about 60°N, where there is a reported change inbathymetry and hydrographic conditions. Using the North Pacific Pelagic Seabird Database, we developed spatial
climatologies (1975-2014) of summertime species abundance and richness (50x50km grid), and quantified
a spatially-explicit multivariate index of seabird assemblages. Furthermore, we linked seabird assemblages toresults of an oceanographic model (e.g., temperature, current velocity) and to the distribution and abundance offish and zooplankton to assess multispecies aggregation hotspots. Spatial coherence among ocean conditions
and seabird assemblages indicate the following unique seabird biogeographic regions: (a) southeast Bering Sea
Inner-Middle shelf domain, (b) outer shelf-slope domain, (c) central-northern Inner-Middle shelf domain, and (d)northern Anadyr Current. Furthermore, persistent multispecies hotspots of seabirds and forage species are related
to spatial gradients of temperature and bathymetry across the inner and outer shelf domains. We discuss our resultsto highlight the location of key trophic hotspots in order to benefit spatial management of Bering Sea Ecosystem.

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S6-P-11303 (Not a poster, Backup for oral presentation)

Life at the ice edge: Does the timing of ice retreat set the table in the eastern Bering Sea?
George L. Hunt, Jr.1, Lisa Eisner2, Edward Farley2 and Janet Duffy-Anderson3
1
2
3

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: geohunt2@uw.edu
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratory, Juneau, AK, USA
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Seasonal sea-ice cover is a signature aspect of the eastern Bering Sea shelf. The timing of sea ice retreat affects
the availability of diatoms for herbivores, either by affecting the timing of the spring bloom, or by creating a gap
between the availability of ice-associated algae and the start of the open-water spring bloom. In years with early
sea-ice retreat, both the lipid-rich copepod, Calanus marshallae and the euphausiid Thysanoessa raschii haveweak recruitments. When these zooplankton are scarce, age-0 walleye pollock have low lipid content, and fail torecruit to age-1. These recruitment failures can severely impact the pollock fishery. If there is a long-term shift toearlier sea ice retreat with climate warming, we may expect a very different ecosystem in the southeastern Bering
Sea.

S6-P9

Winter phytoplankton blooms and trophic implications on copepod and krill biomass andegg production in the northern California Current
Xiuning Du1, William Peterson2, Tracy Shaw3, Jennifer Fisher1 and Jay Peterson1
1
2
3

Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: xiuningdu@gmail.com
NOAA-Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, FL, USA

In the northern California Current (NCC) ecosystem, phytoplankton are most productive during the summer
upwelling season, biomass is highest, copepods and krill have high egg production rates, and linkages between
lower and higher trophic levels is strongest. However, phytoplankton blooms also occur in late winter, before theupwelling season, and results in spawning by copepods and krill. Several published studies have shown that winterblooms serve to ‘precondition” the system for high zooplankton biomass in summer, by enhancing biomass due towinter spawning events and subsequent cohort development. To validate the hypothesis that winter phytoplankton
blooms “precondition” the system for an enriched upper food chain during the upwelling season, this study uses
a 15-year (2001-2015) time series of phytoplankton data with concurrent copepod and krill biomass and egg
production rate time series to examine bloom (a) occurrences and relationships with broad scale drivers (e.g.
PDO) versus local physical environments (b) association with reproduction and biomass of copepod and krill in
winter and spring/summer (c) implication on upper trophic productivity. Preliminary analyses show that: diatoms
are sensitive indicators of ocean condition changes; PDO has significant impacts on winter blooms (not local
conditions); diatom abundance (not Chl a measurments) significantly correlated with both northern (negative) andsouthern (positive) copepod biomass in winter and the following spring and summer. The above causes and results
will be discussed for a better understanding of the winter bloom benefits.

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S6-P10

Jellyfish - fish trophic interactions in the Bering Sea: Ecosystem impacts of jellyfish
population fluctuations
James J. Ruzicka2, Richard D. Brodeur1, Mary Beth Decker3 and Kristin Cieciel4
1

2
3
4

Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Newport, OR, 97365 USA
Email: rick.brodeur@noaa.gov
Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, 97365 USA
Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06520 USA
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Juneau, AK, 99108 USA

Populations of scyphozoan jellyfish in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) can grow rapidly within a single season
and have fluctuated by orders of magnitude over recent decades. Understanding the trophic role of jellyfish in
the EBS ecosystem is required for fishery and ecosystem management, however we lack direct measurementsof the impact that changes in jellyfish abundance have had upon this ecosystem and its fish populations. We
examined the role the dominant scyphozoan jellyfish in the region, Chrysaora melanaster, plays as a competitor,
predator and ecosystem structuring agent in the EBS by simulating the direct and indirect impacts of jellyfish
variability throughout the food web via large-scale ecosystem models. To estimate the impacts of changing
jellyfish abundances on other planktivores (forage fishes and juvenile salmon), we developed a spatially-resolved
trophic model for three coupled, cross-shelf regions representing different oceanographic domains. Models wereconfigured separately for “warm” (2001-2006) and “cool” (2007-2010) periods using survey data. Over the EBS
middle shelf, jellyfish require 20-fold more energy from the ecosystem than forage fish but pass along only 1/10th
as much energy to the higher food web, thus playing a strong structuring role when in high abundance. Simulations
with forced reductions in the scyphozoan jellyfish population (as during the “warm” 2001-2006 period) suggest
increased productivity of mid and upper trophic level groups in benthic and pelagic food webs. Simulation trends
agree qualitatively with empirically-observed differences among pelagic planktivorous and piscivorous fishes inthe “warm” vs “cold” regimes in the EBS.

S6-P11

Sim-turtle: Biophysical interactions in the mesoscale
Cheryl S. Harrison1, Nathan Putnam2, Jeffery Polvina3, Kyle Van Houtan4 and Matthew Long1
1
2
3
4

National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder CO, USA. E-mail: chsharri@ucar.edu
NOAA Atlantic OML, Miami FL, USA
NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu HI, USA
Director, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Monterey, CA, USA

We present preliminary results from a project designed to identify optimal migration pathways of turtles in the
North Pacific and North Atlantic by applying control theory methodology to an individual based model of juvenile
turtle migration. The global CESM-BEC earth system model, run at 0.1º, resolves the mesoscale ocean circulationconsisting of jets and eddies, as well as the associated biological response. This includes a zooplankton pool, which
we use as a proxy for juvenile turtle forage. Turtles are simulated using an off-line particle tracking code, modified
to track turtle fitness and approximate turtle swimming behavior. In this first phase of the project, we are exploring
the role of the mesoscale oceanographic velocity, food and temperature distributions in constraining turtle fitness
and life history, looking for oceanographic bottlenecks defining critical habitat for juveniles. Simulated tracks arecompared with observed turtle tracks.

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S6-P12Integrating stable isotope analyses of zooplankton and returning adult salmon tissues toinform high seas North Pacific food web dynamics
Brian P.V. Hunt1,2, Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,3, Sonia D. Batten4 and Yoshito Chikaraishi5
1
2
3
4
5

University of British Columbia, Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, c/o 4737 Vista View Cr, Nanaimo, BC, V9V 1N8, Canada
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237-0061, JapanDue to the logistical challenges and costs of collecting fish and measuring food web parameters on the North
Pacific high seas, the feeding conditions experienced by maturing adult salmon remain relatively understudied
and are not routinely monitored. Here we present an approach to inform high seas food web dynamics using
salmon themselves as integrative samplers. The carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope signatures ofadult salmon reflect an integration of high seas nutrient availability, primary productivity levels, and food chain
length (via trophic level estimates). Key parameters required to separate these three factors are the δ13C andδ15N values of the trophic baselines (plankton). From 2011 to 2015 tissue samples were routinely collected fromsockeye salmon in Rivers Inlet (British Columbia), at the point of entry into their natal freshwater system. We
establish the trophic baseline using two approaches: 1) bulk isotope analysis of zooplankton samples collectedduring the North Pacific Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey on transects between Vancouver and the
Gulf of Alaska; and 2) amino acid specific δ15N analysis of the sampled salmon tissue. We discuss these results inthe context of high seas nutrient dynamics and productivity, and the implications for salmon productivity. Notably,
we report on significantly elevated salmon δ15N values in 2014 and 2015, pointing to a reorganization of the North
Pacific food web in these years which were notable for their widespread impact by the warm blob.

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S7: POC/TCODE/MEQ Topic Session
New Stage of Ocean Acidification Studies: Responses of Oceanic
Ecosystem including Fisheries Resources
S7-P1

Ocean acidification observation system at Bohai Gulf based on ocean acidification
characteristic parameters
Yumei Zhao, Wu He and Han Bing
National Ocean Technology Centre, Tianjin, PR China. E-mail: sensor_zym@126.com

Ocean Acidification and Marine pollution are two of many stressors that our marine environments are contending
with right now. The Gulf is a concentration space of human activity. It is in danger. What is at risk of being
destroyed is not the gulf itself, but the conditions that have made it hospitable for human beings. We would build
the real time in-situ multi-dimensional observation system based on voluntary observation ship, buoy, monitor,
station and satellite remote sensing. From the system, we would get real-time data on ocean acidification andmarine pollution in Bohai Gulf. So, we would build the relationship among pollution parameters, marine quality
and ocean acidification in order to improve marine environment.

S7-P2

Is there decadal change in shell morphology of planktonic foraminifera due to ocean
acidification?
Minoru Kitamura1, Katsunori Kimoto1, Yuriko Nakamura1, Masahide Wakita2, Sanae Chiba1 and Sonia Batten3
Presented by Sanae Chiba on behalf of Mimoru Kitamura
1
2
3Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan. E-mail: kitamura@jamstec.go.jp
Mutsu Institute of Oceanography, JAMSTEC, Mutsu, Aomori, JapanSAHOS, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

Calcification process of marine organisms is thought to be vulnerable to ocean acidification. Foraminifera
are unicellular organisms with calcitic shells. Several rearing experiments showed shell dissolutions in water
undersaturated with calcite for not only benthic but also planktonic species. However, there have been no fieldresearch considering the influence of ocean acidification on shell morphology of foraminifera. So, we just started
research to understand presence or absence of long-term change in shell density of planktonic foraminifera in
the western North Pacific. Foraminiferal samples were collected in the North Pacific CPR program, a PICESMONITOR project, and shell density analysis was performed on X-ray microcomputed tomography (XMCT)
system. The XMCT allows non-destructive observation of internal structures of the foraminiferal shell and provides
CT-number which is an indication of shell density. In our poster presentation, we will show detailed methods andpreliminary results. For planktonic foraminiferal shell, basic biological information such as its ontogenetic change
or variability among specimens is still limited. However, these are needed to detect its long-term change. We
should also understand presence or absence of shell dissolution during preservation. These potential problems
will be also discussed.

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S7-P3

Frequent column observations revealed low pCO2 water under the sea ice melt in the
Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean
Naohiro Kosugi1, Daisuke Sasano1, Masao Ishii1, Shigeto Nishino2, Hiroshi Uchida2 and Hisayuki YoshikawaInoue3
1
2
3

Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan. E-mail: nkosugi@mri-jma.go.jp
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanIn September 2013, we observed an expanse of surface water with low CO2 partial pressure (pCO2sea) (< 200μatm) in the Chukchi Sea of the western Arctic Ocean. The large undersaturation of CO2 in this region was theresult of massive primary production after the sea ice retreat in June and July. In the Canada Basin, however,salinity was low (< 27) and pCO2sea in surface water was closer to the air-sea CO2 equilibrium (~360 μatm).
From the relationships between salinity and total alkalinity, we found that the low salinity in the Canada Basin
was ascribed to the larger fraction of melt water input (~0.16) rather than the riverine discharge (~0.1). Theseobservations reinforced the previous finding about inhibited oceanic CO2 uptake by melt water with low density
in the Canada Basin. Meanwhile, relatively low pCO2sea (< 300 μatm) and oxygen supersaturation (AOU < -40μmol kg-1) suggested significant biological activity under the halocline there. According to the vertical profile
of temperature and salinity, this biologically active layer consisted of the remnant of winter mixed layer in the
Canada Basin and the Pacific Summer Water. If strong disturbances cause vertical mixing, this layer will appear
on the surface and increase oceanic CO2 uptake. However, likely retreat of sea ice in the future will thicken thesurface melt water and make it more difficult for the subsurface layer to arrive on the surface.

S7-P4

The combined effect of high pCO2 and warming on reproduction of Japanese whiting
Sillago japonica
Ryota Suwa1, Yuzo Yamamoto1, Masahiro Hayashi1, Takashi Kikkawa1, Yusuke Watanabe1, Yasushi Minowa1 andYukihiro Nojiri2
12

Marine Ecology Research Institute, Kashiwazaki, Japan. E-mail: hayashi@kaiseiken.or.jp
Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

Ocean acidification and warming, caused by increased anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), threaten marineorganisms. However, little is known about the sensitivity of marine fish to the combination of acidification andwarming. The objective of this study was to determine the combined effects of two temperature (control: 26 °C,+2 °C: 28 °C) and three levels of pCO2 condition (control, 1,100 and 2,300 µatm) on Japanese whiting, Sillagojaponica, throughout the reproductive life-history stages. Adult individuals and spawned eggs were continuously
exposed to these experimental conditions and number of spawning, number of spawned eggs, rate of normal
embryo development, rate of normal hatched larva, and notochord length and otocyst size of the hatched larva
were examined. High temperature increased egg and larval development and no significant negative effects ofhigh pCO2 and/or high temperature were found except for the rate of normal embryo development. The rateof normal embryo development was significantly decreased 12.3 % at a pCO2 of 2,300 µatm and T of 28 °C.
Although the reproduction processes of Japanese whiting are not overly sensitive, acidification and warming may
synergistically influence early egg development, and/or spawned gamete. Decrease of fish population in the future
may occur.

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S7-P5

Dynamic of aragonite saturation horizon depth in waters of Baja California (BC), Mexico
Norma L. Oliva-Mendez1,2, J. Martín Hernández2, Reginaldo Durazo1, Simone R. Alin3, Eduardo Santamaría1 andJ. Augusto Valencia1
1
2
3

Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, USA. E-mail: norma.oliva@gmail.com
Instituto de Investigaciones Oceanológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, USA
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, Washington,USA.

The saturation horizon with respect to aragonite (HSΩA) has migrated to a depth such that today during period
upwelling, it can occur at the surface. The aim of this study was to analyze the hydrographic data of a transect
in front of the Ensenada coast, corresponding to line 100 of the IMECOCAL program during 1998-2014. Suchdata were used to apply an empirical model to estimate the aragonite saturation state (Ωa) in order to identify
oceanographic conditions that could have influenced the variability of the depth of saturation horizon during
the last 17 years. This variability may affect shellfish habitats and oyster production areas adjacent to the coastof Ensenada. It was found that temperature, salinity, oxygen, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon and Ωa showed aseasonal variation. Additionally, the depth of the HSΩA was not the same year after year, suggesting that theconditions of water chemistry is related to the oceanography of the region and changes in wind patterns. The latter
two factors can modulate -ZHSΩArag variability by influencing mass transport of water to the region. Theseoceanographic characteristics cause seasonal variability, reflected in the depth of the horizon Ωa shallower (~ 66m+ 21m) in spring and deeper into the winter (~ 122m + 35). It has been reported that the upwelling off the coastof BC transports water from a depth between 80 and 90m in spring and summer; therefore, undersaturated water(Ωa <1) may be transported through upwelling to the surface off the coast of BC.

S7-P6

Development of communication tools on ocean acidification
Tomohiko Tsunoda and Keita Furukawa
Ocean Policy Research Institute, Sasakawa Peace Foundation, 1-15-16 Toranomon Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: t-tsunoda@spf.or.jp

As the IPCC 5th report points out the risks to marine ecosystems, ocean acidification(OA), along with global
warming, is becoming a major subject that must be addressed. Though actions have begun in Europe and the US,
along with discussions such as CBD and RIO+20, research in Japan is insufficient due to a lack of understandingby policy-makers and the general public. In response to this alarming situation, we have just launched a 5-year
program of research last year to observe and analyze the changing situation. Our scope is as follows:-Promote studies on social-economic influence of global warming and OA in the north-west Pacific area;-Develop communication tools through project named “Marine Crisis Watch!,” in which both policy makers andthe general public are able to share appropriate information;-Make policy proposals (countermeasures etc.);-Organize workshops and symposia.

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S7-P7

Seasonal variations of pH and aragonite saturation at oyster culture beds in Tongyeong
and Geoje Bays, southeast coast of Korea
JeongHee Shim1, Jeong-Min Shim1, Jung-No Kwon2 and Yong-Hwa Lee1
1
2

East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Gangneung, R Korea. E-mail: jshim@korea.kr
Marine Environment Research Division, NIFS, Busan, R Korea

About 80~90% of the annual mass production of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigs in Korea are cultured on thesoutheast coast, including Tongyeong and Geoje regions, where assigned areas for shellfish production, especiallyfor export to other countries, have been conducting a sanitary survey program by the National Institute of Fisheries
Science. Carbonate and environmental parameters as well as oyster body properties were observed at Tongyeong,
Geoje and Jinhae Bays 4 times (in Feb., Aug. 2014, Apr. and Oct. 2015 and are considered representative of
winter, summer, spring and fall respectively). Surface temperature in oyster culturing beds showed clear seasonalvariation with about 6~12°C and 24~29°C in Feb. and Aug. 2014, respectively and 14~18°C and 22~26°C in
Apr. and in Oct. 2015, respectively. Surface pHNBS also ranged with about 8.20~8.53 and 7.28~8.95 in Feb. andAug. 2014, and 8.04~8.40 and 7.91~8.32 in Apr. and in Oct. 2015. High pH with low salinity in summer resulted
from input of land discharge in rainy seasons, however high pH at small bays in Apr. and Oct. 2015 resulted frommassive primary production by phytoplankton bloom, supported by high chlorophyll a concentrations. Specificallyin oyster growing season, aragonite saturation state (Ωarag) in bottom water ranged about 0.2~2.9 (mean 2.1) and2.2~5.0 (mean 3.2) in Feb. 2014 and Oct. 2015, respectively, suggesting low pH environments arose seasonally incoastal area due to some mechanisms. These results suggest that seasonal ocean acidification state might seriously
affect oyster shell growth and mass production in southeast coast of Korea.

S7-P8

Physiological responses of coastal and oceanic diatoms to diurnal fluctuations in seawatercarbonate chemistry under two CO2 concentrations
Futian Li1, Yaping Wu1, David A. Hutchins2, Feixue Fu2 and Kunshan Gao1
1
2

State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China E-mail: ksgao@xmu.edu.cn
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Diel or seasonal fluctuations in seawater carbonate chemistry are common in coastal waters, while in the open
ocean carbonate chemistry is much less variable. In both of these environments, ongoing ocean acidification is
being superimposed on the natural carbonate buffer system to influence the physiology of phytoplankton. Here,
we show that a coastal Thalassiosira weissflogii isolate and an oceanic diatom, Thalassiosira oceanica, responddifferentially to diurnal fluctuating carbonate chemistry in current and ocean acidification (OA) scenarios. A
fluctuating carbonate chemistry regime showed positive or negligible effects on physiological performance ofthe coastal species. In contrast, the oceanic species was significantly negatively affected, with higher respiration
than cells grown under the corresponding steady regime. The fluctuating regime reduced photosynthetic oxygen
evolution rates of T. oceanica under ambient CO2 concentration, while in the OA scenario, the fluctuating regime
depressed its growth rate, chlorophyll a content, and elemental production rates. These contrasting physiological
performances of coastal and oceanic diatoms indicate that they differ in the ability to cope with dynamic pCO2. We
propose that, in addition to the ability to cope with light, nutrient, and predation pressure, the ability to acclimate
to dynamic carbonate chemistry may act as one determinant of the spatial distribution of diatom species. Habitatrelevant diurnal changes in seawater carbonate chemistry can interact with OA to differentially affect diatoms incoastal and pelagic waters.

260

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S8: MoE/MEQ/TCODE Topic Session
The Effect of Marine Debris caused by the Great Tsunami of 2011
S8-P1

Marine algae carried across the North Pacific on Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris(JTMD) and their invasion threat to the coasts of Oregon and Washington, USA
Gayle I. Hansen1, Takeaki Hanyuda2 and Hiroshi Kawai2
12

Oregon State University at EPA/HMSC, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: hansengi@outlook.com
Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

Carried across the North Pacific on currents from Japan, debris from the 2011 Great Tōhoku Earthquake andTsunami has been arriving in Oregon and Washington since June 2012. The debris items are often laden withhealthy Japanese marine algae that could recruit to invade NE Pacific shores. On 40 of the most heavily colonizeditems, we have identified 75 marine macroalgal species and species complexes. Of these species, 55% were
found on only 1 or 2 debris items, and only 8% occurred on >15 debris items. 77% were fertile bearing mature
reproductive structures, and many were ephemeral (48%) and/or opportunistic (77%) forms capable of reproducing
multiple times during a single year and quickly invading new habitats. Two-thirds (66%) of the species on JTMD
have been reported to already occur in the NE Pacific before the tsunami. These include widespread species,
native species common to both the NW and NE Pacific, and also non-indigenous species by earlier introductions.
Currently, we are using multiple genetic markers to analyze the JTMD specimens and determine their relatedness
to native populations in the NE and NW Pacific. Our comparative studies are also revealing new cryptic species
in populations on both coasts. Well-known global invaders on JTMD include: Undaria pinnatifida, Codium
fragile subsp. fragile, Grateloupia turuturu, Antithamnion nipponicum, Polysiphonia morrowii, and Saccharina
japonica. New populations of these species have not yet been found in Oregon or Washington. However, if they
do recruit and become invasive in this area, they could dramatically impact the marine environment.

S8-P2

Marine algae carried across the North Pacific on Japanese Tsunami Debris: How havethey survived the journey?
Gayle I. Hansen1, Hiroshi Kawai2 and Takeaki Hanyuda2
12

Oregon State University @EPA/HMSC, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: hansengi@outlook.com
Research Center for Inland Seas, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan

More than 5 years after the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris continues to arriveon the shores of Oregon and Washington carrying healthy Japanese marine algae. How do these species survive
at sea for such a long period of time? From June-2012 to April-2016 we identified 75 species of macrobenthic
marine algae from tsunami debris. For these species, the basic requirements for survival were at least initially met,
including: suitable substrate for attachment, appropriate seawater submergence, acceptable light and temperature,sufficient nutrients, minimal herbivory & also reproductive and recruitment success. However, not all of thespecies survived the full 5 years. This was due partly to stresses at sea but also to the variable longevity or life
span of the species. Except for the crusts, none of the original colonizing thalli were present after the first year ofcollection – only their progeny. The longevity of most algal species is relatively short, and, to survive on debris,each species must recycle itself through sexual or asexual reproduction and recolonize the debris. In our study
50% of the species were found to be ephemerals with short life spans, 33% were annuals lasting up to a year,
and 16% were longer-lived perennials and pseudo-perennials. Of the 75 species found on debris, 58 or 77% wereobserved to be actively reproductive. A comparison of the reproductive methods, longevity and survival time ofthe species on debris will be provided along with illustrations of the habit and reproductive features of example
species.

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S8-P3

Aerial surveillance for tsunami debris in British Columbia, Canada
Cathryn Clarke Murray1, Vickie Jackson2, Nicole de Greef3 and David Bayne412
3
4

North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: cmurray@pices.int
British Columbia Ministry of Environment, Victoria, BC, Canada
British Columbia DataBC Enterprise Data Services, Victoria, BC, Canada
British Columbia Corporate Services for the Natural Resource Sector, Victoria, BC, Canada

Aerial surveys are useful tools to search and document long stretches of inaccessible coastline in order to identify
large debris items from the 2011 Japan tsunami, estimate the relative abundance of debris and prioritize areas fordebris clean-up. In 2014-2015, aerial surveys were conducted off the exposed, outer coast of British Columbia using
a fixed wing aircraft acquiring over 6,500 images and covering more than 1,500 kilometers of potentially affected
coastline. Post-survey processing assigned unique identifiers (tags) for specific types of debris and quantified theamount of debris on a qualitative scale from 0-5. GIS analysis was conducted on the ranked photographs in orderto create geospatial data for each coastline segment. Each segment contains the average debris rating from thephotographs occurring on that segment and maps of the entire coastline highlight hot spots of debris accumulation.
The analysis showed that debris accumulation increased with latitude, with more debris visible in the northern partof the study area and on the islands of Haida Gwaii. Peninsulas and other exposed, protruding coastline segments
had higher debris accumulation. Nine vessels were detected in the aerial survey and two of these have been
confirmed as Japanese tsunami debris. The debris ranking segments, maps and photographs are now available
to the public through an online mapping portal created on B.C.’s Map Hub. This portal allows local bodies toprioritize clean-up activities across a region of interest and proactively estimate the time and resources required
to clear specific stretches of coastline.

S8-P4Synthesizing the state of debris in Hawaii from 2015 aerial imagery and spatial analysis
data
Stephanie Kung1, Kirsten Moy2, Miguel Castrence1,3, Amber Meadows1, Alexi Meltel1, Andy Omori1, Anne
Rosinski1, Brian Neilson2, Kelsey Barrow1, Stephen Ambagis3, Michael Hamnett1 and Kristine Davidson1
12
3Social Science Research Institute of the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, USA.
Division of Aquatic Resources, Department of Land and Natural Resources, Honolulu, USA. E-mail: kmoy@hawaii.edu
Resource Mapping Hawaii, Honolulu, USA. E-mail: miguel@remaphawaii.com

The 2011 Tohoku earthquake and resulting tsunami that devastated Japan dispersed an estimated 5 million tons ofmarine debris into the ocean. An estimated 70% of that debris sank (Ministry on the Environment of Japan, 2011),
but the remaining 1.2 million tons were dispersed across the Pacific Ocean and began to appear in Hawai’i in 2012.
This debris has the potential to physically damage the marine environment, poses a threat to coastal communities
and beach-goers alike, and may harbor aquatic invasive species capable of devastating Hawaii’s fragile and isolated
ecosystems. In 2015, PICES funded Mapping Patterns of Marine Debris in the Main Hawaiian Islands Using
Aerial Imagery and Spatial Analysis. Aerial surveys of the 8 Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) were conducted andthe resulting imagery was analyzed to identify and quantify marine debris on Hawaiian coastlines. The analysis
concluded that about 12% of coastlines are areas of high marine debris accumulation. This project provided abaseline of marine debris densities at a moment in time, and collaborated with the State of Hawaii’s Departmentof Land and Natural Resources to prioritize areas of highest marine debris accumulation, or “hotspots”, in orderto provide guidance to the regulatory agency and its local and federal partners.

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S8-P5

Contamination of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in styrofoam marine debris from
Asia and Pacific region and the Great Tsunami
Won Joon Shim1,2, Mi Jang1,2, Sang Hee Hong1,2, Manviri Rani1, Gi Myoung Han1 and Young Kyoung Song1,2
12

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: wjshim@kiost.ac.kr
Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) listed in the Stockholm Convention as a persistent, bioaccumulative and toxic
chemical is an additive mainly applied to expanded polystyrenes as a flame retardant. In order to evaluate the
HBCD content in styrofoam marine debris, the beached styrofoam samples including styrofoam buoys and theirfragments (predominant marine debris in Republic of Korea) have been collected along the Korean coasts andanalyzed. In addition, styrofoam marine debris from twelve countries in Asia and Pacific region (USA, Canada,
Singapore, Hong Kong, India, Peru, Brunei, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Thailand, Taiwan, and Bangladesh) and theGreat Tsunami styrofoam debris stranded on Alaskan beach of USA were also investigated. A wide range of
HBCD concentrations were detected in the samples. For the Korean samples, the HBCD concentrations were in
the range of 282-2700 μg/g for styrofoam spherules, 3.6-878 μg/g for small-sized buoy (40-70 L), and 0-4680
μg/g for large-size buoy (> 200 L). In general, styrofoam debris from developed countries such as USA, Canada
and Singapore showed higher concentration of HBCDs compared to developing countries. Three out of nine
styrofoam debris samples from the Great Tsunami had HBCDs in the range of 3,160-14,500 μg/g, which wasthought to be originated from construction materials. Owing to their buoyancy, styrofoam debris have great
potential to travel long distances by ocean currents and winds. The transportation of styrofoam marine debris in
the ocean is not only a problem of nuisance debris but can also result in the dispersion of hazardous substance.

S8-P6

An undescribed species of Japanese Pyropia appeared on the coast of British Columbia
in 2015
Sandra Lindstrom
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: Sandra.Lindstrom@botany.ubc.ca

In 2015, on the central coast of British Columbia, we documented the occurrence of a Japanese species of seaweedthat may have arrived with tsunami debris. The find occurred at a site that has been subjected to intensive
characterization of the seaweed flora for the past five years so there is little doubt that the species was new tothe area in 2015. Even before sequencing, we suspected that this species had affinities with Japanese rather thanNorth American species because of the distinctive disposition of reproductive cells found on Japanese but not
native North American species. In a molecular phylogeny, this species is basal in a clade of Japanese and other
Far East species of Pyropia. That said, this species has yet to be reported from Japan. In addition to the central
coast of British Columbia, the species has been recorded from the South Island, New Zealand, and from Monterey
Bay, California, based on molecular sequences. This find highlights the difficulty of documenting possible
invasives when the Japanese flora and fauna have not been adequately characterized to allow for comprehensive
comparisons. The species was not observed in 2016, but overall Pyropia diversity and abundance were down in
2016.

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S8-P7

Life history and environmental requirement analyses of Japanese tsunami marine debris(JTMD) biota
Jessica A. Miller1, Reva Gillman2, Cathryn Clarke Murray3, James T. Carlton4, Gregory M. Ruiz5, Michio Otani6,
Jocelyn Nelson3 and Janson Wong3
1

2
3
4
5
6

Oregon State University, Coastal Oregon Experiment Station, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USAE­mail: Jessica.Miller@oregonstate.edu
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
PICES, Sidney, British Columbia, Canada
Williams College, Mystic Seaport, Maritime Studies Program, Mystic, CT, USA
Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
Osaka Museum of Natural History, Osaka City, JapanThe Great Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami released massive amounts of debris into the Pacific in 2011. This
anthropogenic litter not only served as prime habitat for biofouling species, but also as a method of transport
over large distances. We quantified the scale of variation of life histories, geographic ranges, and environmental
requirements (including temperature, salinity, and other variables) of approximately 150 species in 13 phyla
recorded on Japanese Tsunami Marine Debris (JTMD) landing in North America and the Hawaiian Islands.
A combination of descriptive synthesis and multivariate analytical approaches were used to categorize these
attributes and identify statistically independent axes of variation within the JTMD species pool. A primary focus
of ourwork was to compare traits of JTMD species known to have been introduced elsewhere with those JTMD species
with no known prior invasion histories. This work contributes to the extensive efforts to record the biodiversity of
JTMD biota over space and time by providing a critical ecological synthesis of JTMD species.

S8-P8

Trends in arrival and deposition of Marine Debris generated by the March 2011 Japan
Tsunami on Eastern Pacific Shorelines
Amy MacFadyen and Glen Watabayashi
NOAA National Ocean Service, Office of Response & Restoration, Emergency Response Division, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: amy.macfadyen@noaa.gov

The transport of marine debris generated by the Japan Tsunami was hindcasted from March 11, 2011 throughMarch 2015. The debris was modeled as particles initialized at 8 sites along the Japan coast spanning a distanceof ~700 km. Due to limited information about the distribution of debris that entered the ocean, the particles were
distributed equally among the sites. Simulations were performed using the NOAA GNOME particle tracking
model. GNOME inputs include modeled currents and winds which assimilated satellite data:
Currents: Global 1/12° operational HYCOM from Naval Research Lab
GLBhycom1-12/skill.html

http://www7320.nrlssc.navy.mil/

Winds: NOAA Blended Sea Winds 0.25° global http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/rsad/air-sea/seawinds.html
The particles were assigned varying values for windage, a parameter specifying the degree to which a floating
object is acted upon by the winds. For these simulations we used a range of 0-5%, which translates to movementin the downwind direction of up to 5% of the wind speed.
Time series of particle movement illustrates how the different types of debris might have moved. Most of theparticles are transported eastward in the North Pacific Current -- the higher windage particles released along thecoast of Japan in March 2011 began approaching the West Coast of North America in fall/winter 2011/212. In
contrast, relatively few low windage objects come ashore within the entire 4 year simulation. High and medium
windage particles began approaching HI in spring/summer 2012. Sensitivity studies examine the impact ofdifferent windage specifications and initial particle locations on patterns in deposition.

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S9: FIS/TCODE Topic Session
Resilience, Transitions and Adaptation in Marine Ecosystems
under a Changing Climate
S9-P1

Impacts of environmental changes on fluctuations in Bering Sea pollock recruitment,
abundance and distribution
Mikhail A. Stepanenko and Elena V. Gritsay
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: stepanenko@tinro.ru, gritsay@tinro.ru

The eastern Bering Sea pollock abundance and biomass has been increasing since 2010 and stabilized in 2014-2015
at an above-average level (10-11 mln. t) due to the recruitment of large year classes in 2008 and 2012 and average
year classes in 2009-2011 and 2013-2014. Annual variations in pollock abundance and biomass in the Bering Sea
occur primarily as a result of natural factors. The time series data demonstrates that numerous pollock year classes
often had appeared in the periods of climate shifts with significant temperature gradients and temperature anomalies
in the Bering Sea. The changing of annual thermal conditions in the Bering Sea has big influence on plankton
community, trophic level and pollock food supply. The higher abundance of zooplankton in periods of climate
shift quite possibly associated with rapid changing in species staff of zooplankton community, increasing range ofdiversity of plankton size groups, and potentially better food supply of pollock young-of-the-year in winter time.
This data confirm hypothesis that winter period could be critical for survival of the Bering Sea pollock young-ofthe-year and most important for level of annual recruitment. Resilience strategy of pollock behavior in periods with
low trophic level due low abundance of large zooplankton in the Bering Sea are early active northwestern feeding
migrations from winter habits and spawning grounds as well as early active back southeastern migrations.

S9-P2

Species composition and biomass dynamics of nekton in the upper epipelagial of the deepsea part of the Okhotsk Sea during the autumn periods in 1998-2015
Pavel O. Emelin
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: emelin.tinro@gmail.com

Regular ecosystem surveys, using standardized methods and conducted on similar dates during autumn of 1998-2015,
have been used to monitor species abundances and quantify environmental conditions. While pelagic trawl surveys
were aimed at estimating young-of-the-year Pacifiс salmon, these surveys provided the opportunity to study thecomposition and dynamics of the nekton community over the period 1998-2015. The data are aggregated here over
the total survey area, which encompassed 485,340 km2. In the catches, we observed 56 species of nekton, including
40 species of fish and 16 species of cephalopods. In different years, the number of species varied from 19 in 2000 to
32 in 2011, and total nekton biomass varied from 134,170 t in 2014 to 1.86 million t in 2008, with a mean value of655,320 t. In recent years, the abundance of nekton decreased compared to the late 2000s, with recent abundances
ranging between 134,170 and 666,330 t (mean: 335,660 t. Species composition was divided into 9 groups, the mostabundant of which were mesopelagic species (N =13), which undergo vertical migrations into the surface layers atnight, and epipelagic anadromous species (N =8), consisting mainly of Pacific salmon. The dynamics of total nektonbiomass was driven primarily by 1-2 species from these groups, including the mesopelagic northern smoothtongue(Leuroglossus schmidti), and the epipelagic pink (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) and chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta),
despite the high species diversity in both groups. Fish species dominate the biomass of nekton in the upper epipelagial
in the deep-sea part of Okhotsk Sea. The proportion of biomass consisting of fish varied from 71 to 96%, with a meanvalue 88%. Therefore, the dynamics of fish stocks are strongly reflected in the total biomass of nekton. Most suddenchanges in biomass were determined not only by peaks in individual populations, but also by the combined biomassof several coinciding population peaks. For example, the high level of nekton total biomass in 1998 was the resultof a high abundance of pink salmon (243,400 t) and northern smoothtongue (320,500 t) overlapping with a peakin the abundance of japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus (797,040 t). In 2008, maximum levels of total biomass
resulted from peaks in northern smoothtongue (882,200 t), pink salmon (558,700 t) and chum salmon (218,500 t).
In 2006 and 2012, high levels of total nekton biomass were also connected with population peaks of these species,
which form the “core” of the nekton community during the autumn period. The combined proportion of northernsmoothtongue, pink salmon and chum salmon relative to all fish species was constantly at a high level and varied
from 67% (2014) to 97% (2004), with a mean of 87% during the period 1998-2015.
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S9-P3

Seasonal shifts of composition and structure of the nekton community in the Northwestern
Pacific Ocean
Alexey A. Khoruzhiy
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: alex.khoruzhiy@gmail.com

The nekton community of the upper pelagic layer (0-50 m) in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean (NWPO) is
characterized by high dynamics and diverse composition at different seasons. We examined data from trawl
surveys conducted in the NWPO from 2004 to 2015 in early spring (February-April) and summer (June-August).
From 2009 to 2011 in early spring 73 nekton species in total were caught. The most abundant families of the
nekton community were fam. Myctophidae, which included 12 species and 29 % share of the nekton biomass,and fam. Salmonidae (6 species and 21 %, respectively). Dynamics of the nekton abundance were determined by
the dominant species of myctophids (29 %) and salmon (21 %). Total share of squids was 32 % and the dominant
species were Boreopacific squid (23 %) and Firefly squid (9 %).
With the warming of the water, subtropical species were becoming more abundant in that area. Consequently,
the biomass of the nekton community increased from 0.6 to 7.5 million t, and the number of species increased
to 98 nekton species in summer. Fam. Scombridae (3 species and 64 %) and Ommastrephidae (3 species and 16%) were the most abundant groups. Subtropical Japanese mackerel (58 %) and Pacific sardine (9 %) were thedominant species. However, the share of myctophids decreased to 2 % and the share of salmon to less than 1 %.
Thus, subtropical species were gradually replacing subarctic and boreal species in the nekton community in early
spring and summer.

S9-P4

Inter-oceanic differences in macrozooplankton biomass and community structure in four
regions around Hokkaido Island, Japan: Consequences for marine ecosystem structure
Kosuke Tomiyama1,4, Kohei Matsuno2,5, Yoshiyuki Abe1, Hiroshi Shimada3 and Atsushi Yamaguchi1
1
2
3
4
5

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: a-yama@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan
Hokkaido Research Organization, Central Fisheries Research Institute, Yoichi, Japan
Present address: Shizuoka Prefecture, Shizuoka, Japan
Present address: Australian Antarctic Division, Tasmania, Australia

Inter-oceanic differences in macrozooplankton (euphausiids, amphipods, cnidarians and chaetognaths) biomass
and community structure were studied in four regions (northern Japan Sea, southern Okhotsk Sea, Donan and
Doto areas of North Pacific) around Hokkaido Island. Whole zooplankton biomass ranged between 25 and 315 g
wet weight m-2 and was significantly higher in the southern Okhotsk Sea. Macrozooplankton composed 5-15% of
the whole zooplankton biomass. Across all macrozooplankton taxa, the number of species varied with region: thefewest species (2-4 species) were in the southern Okhotsk Sea, followed by the northern Japan Sea (3-5 species),
and the most species (4-9 species) were in the Donan and Doto areas of the North Pacific. Depth topography andthermal conditions are considered possible causes of the differences in species richness across regions. Throughinter-oceanic comparison, marine ecosystem characteristics of each region were evaluated. The zooplankton
community in the northern Japan Sea was characterized by a predominance of carnivorous macrozooplankton
taxa (amphipods, cnidarians and chaetognaths) and fewer herbivorous taxa (euphausiids and mesozooplankton),
and it was determined to be as a top-down controlled ecosystem. In contrast, in the southern Okhotsk Sea,
the zooplankton community was dominated by herbivorous mesozooplankton and euphausiids, and the marine
ecosystem was determined to be a bottom-up control region. In the North Pacific, zooplankton community in
the Doto area was dominated by chaetognaths. The zooplankton community in the Donan area showed mixed
characteristics of the Doto area and the northern Japan Sea because of the seasonal water mass exchange fromthese two regions.

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S9-P5

Literature review of fisheries management approaches that improve resilience for species,
ecosystems, and/or fishing businesses
Wendy E. Morrison1 and Valerie Termini2
1
2

NOAA NMFS, Office of Sustainable Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD, USA. E-mail: wendy.morrison@noaa.gov
California Ocean Protection Council, Sacramento, CA, USA

Fisheries management actions can impact the resilience of a marine system either negatively or positively. Here
we present a literature review of management approaches that could improve the resilience of the system at
3 levels: fish stocks, ecosystems and fishing businesses. The literature review does not introduce any new
topics, rather it highlights existing options and future research priorities. On the whole, management actions that
seek to increase management flexibility and provide incentives to the fishing industry to try new approaches,
while preserving genetic diversity of the fished populations, should prove to be beneficial. New approaches willcontinue to emerge as managers across the globe grapple with this complex issue.

S9-P6

Advancing the practice of marine cco-compensation in China: Knowledge synthesis from
implementation
Keliang Chen1, Stuart Pearson2,3, XiaoHua Wang2,3, Hongxu Yu1 and Julie Kesby2,3
1
2
3

Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, PR China. E-mail: klchen@tio.org.cn
The Sino-Australian Research Centre for Coastal Management, UNSW Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, UNSW Canberra, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia

The historic development of the concept of payment for ecosystem services, environmental offsets, ecocompensation and marine eco-compensation provides a useful example of ecosystem-based thinking being
adapted into practice in China. This comparative synthesis of the differences between these concepts and theirimplementation in the national context analyzes the theories and practices of current marine eco-compensationin China. This provides a synthesis of knowledge from implementing marine eco-compensation in threedifferent dimensions (state level, provincial level, and city level) in China recently. The paper concludes that theestablishment of marine eco-compensation based on marine ecosystem services valuation is very important in
China because: it helps to avoid risks; provides a clear definition of methods and locally practical compensation
standards; provides stable funding sources; and feasible payment or allocation methods to provide for ecosystemand environmental sustenance or improvement.
Keywords: marine eco-compensation; ecosystem services; marine protected areas

S9-P7

Food sources and trophic structure of fishes and benthic macroinvertebrates in a tropicalseagrass meadow revealed by stable isotope analysis
Jianguo Du1, Xinqing Zheng1, Teguh Peristiwady2, Jianji Liao1, Petrus Ch. Makatipu2, Xijie Yin1, Wenjia Hu1,
Wulan Koagouw2 and Bin Chen1
1
2

The Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: dujianguo@tio.org.cn
Research centre for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Tandurusa, Aertembaga, Bitung, North Sulawesi, Indonesia.

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was used to examine the food sources and trophic structure of 17
fishes and 6 groups of benthic macroinvertebrates in a seagrass meadow in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. For theseagrass, their associated epiphytes, sediment organic matter (SOM), and particulate organic matter (POM) wereidentified to be the food sources, with δ13C values ranging from -19.49 (POM) to -9.66‰ (seagrass). The δ13Cof the 23 fauna taxa were between -18.57 (Arothron manilensis) and -11.62‰ (Protoreaster sp.). For 5 of the 6groups of benthic macroinvertebrates, seagrass and their epiphytes contributed more than 69.4%. For 14 of the
17 fish species, seagrass and their epiphytes are the main contributors. For 15 of the 17 fishes, the trophic levels
inferred from SIA are lower than those from the previously reported diet composition analysis. These findings
show that seagrass and their epiphytes are consumed by most of the fish and benthic macroinvertebrates, and areimportant for a large portion of the food web in seagrass meadows in the Coral Triangle area.
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S10: FUTURE Topic Session
The Response of Marine Ecosystems to Natural and Anthropogenic
Forcing: Past, Present and Future
S10-P1The exploration for system stability in the coastal marine ecosystem of northern Yellow
Sea of China
Zhongxin Wu1,2,3, Xiumei Zhang1, Hector M. Lozano-Montes4 and Neil R. Loneragan2
1
2

3
4

Ocean University of China, Qingdao, Shandong Province, PR China. E-mail: wuzhongxin2007@126.com
Centre for Fish and Fisheries Research, School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, South Street, Murdoch, WA,
Australia
Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, PR China
CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research, Underwood Avenue, Floreat, WA, Australia

The capacity to withstand perturbation and system sustainability were examined in the Lidao coastal sea ofnorthern Yellow Sea, China using the quantitative modelling framework of Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE). The
study region is one with multiple, intensive uses such as intensive suspended aquaculture, particularly kelp culture,and benthic fisheries enhancements, through the deployment of artificial reefs and stock enhancement programs.
Changes in the marine ecosystem were explored using EwE for two scenarios: 1) major release programs forsea cucumber Apostichopus japonicas and abalone Haliotis discus hannai; 2) eliminating the surrounding kelp
cultivation activities. Stock enhancement activity was simulated by linearly increasing the target stock scale in
Ecopath from standing stock to its estimated ecological carrying capacity. The predicted system indicators ofRelative Ascendency and Redundancy considered as an index of the system’s ability to withstand disturbanceindicated the practices of large-scale releases of A. japonicas would strengthen the system resistance to external
perturbation to a certain extent. In contrast, releases of H. discus hannai would rapidly weaken the sustainabilityof current system, suggesting that large-scale releases of this herbivorous species are likely to impact the dominant
macroalgae because of their grazing activities and thus change the energy flow through this coastal sublittoral
ecosystem. The simulation results of removing kelp farms, and the detrital subsidy from kelp into the region, over
10 years and projecting forward for 10 years implied the nutrient interaction between surface kelp farm systemand surrounding costal benthic community might facilitate the sustainability of coastal ecosystem.

S10-P2

Effects of climatic stressors on behavioral and physiological response of marine animals
Taewon Kim and Jung-Ah Lee
Korea Insitutte of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: ktwon@kiost.ac.kr

Carbon dioxide emission increased by human activity not only induces atmospheric warming but also accelerates
ocean warming, hypoxia, and acidification. To understand the effects of climatic stressors on marine animals, their
behavior and ecological responses were studied. First, the effect of changing temperature and hypoxia on foraging
and hiding behavior of the Pacific abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) was explored. Hiding in response to light at
higher temperature was much faster than hiding at lower temperature. Abalones climbed up more quickly to feedat higher temperature than those at low temperature, and the total number of feeding abalones was higher at hightemperature than that at lower temperature. When both temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) were regulated,temperature showed the similar beneficial effect on foraging and hiding, but low oxygen had a negative effecton the behavior. Second, whether coastal upwelling characterized by low pH and low DO influences the growthand mortality of red abalone (Haliotis rufescens) was explored. The population was intermittently exposed to
low pH and low DO conditions. While low DO increased the mortality of abalone, low pH decreased the growthrate suggesting that DO and pH separately influence the physiology of red abalone. Third, response of manila
clams (Venerupis philippinarum) to warming and hypoxia was studied. Low oxygen and high temperature had
combined and complex deleterious effects on manila clams. Given the results, we need to study more on the effectof multiple stressors on marine biological resources for sustainable future.
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S10-P3Species-specific responses of demersal fishes to near-bottom environmental conditions
within the California Current large marine ecosystem
Aimee A. Keller1, L. Ciannelli2, W. Waldo Wakefield3, Victor H. Simon1, John A. Barth2 and Stephen D. Pierce2123

Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, USA. E-mail: aimee.keller@noaa.gov
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR
97331-5503, USA
Fishery Resource Analysis and Monitoring Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 SE OSU Drive, Newport, Oregon 97365, U.S.A.

In response to hypoxia observed on the continental shelf of the Pacific Northwest, we added an environmental
sampling program to the West Coast Groundfish Bottom Trawl Survey in 2007. Using chartered commercial
trawlers, we annually sampled catch and an array of environmental parameters including near-bottom oxygen(DO) across a range of depths and conditions from upper to lower limits of the oxygen minimum zone andshoreward across the shelf from U.S. – Canada to U.S. – Mexico. DO ranged from 0.02 to 5.5 mL L-1 (n=3288)
with 63.2% of stations experiencing hypoxic conditions (<1.43 mL L-1). Catch and species richness exhibited
significant and positive relationships with DO. The relation between catch per unit effort (CPUE) and DO wasestimated for 34 demersal fish species in five subgroups (roundfishes, flatfishes, shelf rockfishes, slope rockfishes
and thornyheads) using Generalized Additive Models. The models included terms for position, Julian day, nearbottom salinity, temperature, oxygen and depth. Positive relationships between CPUE and DO occurred for 19 of
34 groundfish species within hypoxic bottom waters. An additional seven species displayed negative trends. Basedon AIC-values, near-bottom oxygen generally played a major role in the distribution of flatfishes, roundfishes andthornyheads. Although DO was not retained in the selected models for eight of 17 shelf and slope rockfishes, it
was retained in models with slightly inferior AIC (Δi< 2) for seven of these species, with six exhibiting positive
relationships between CPUE and DO (over the range of DO values experienced or at hypoxic levels) and one
negative.

S10-P4

Detection of anthropogenic impacts on ocean biogeochemical cycles
James Christian1, Sarah Schlunegger2 and Keith Rodgers2
1

2

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada
E-mail: jim.christian@canada.ca
Program in Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA

Detecting anthropogenic impacts or attributing specific impacts is limited by the fact that most ocean data records
are either short (e.g., limited to the “satellite era”, post 1979), local (palaeoproxy data), or both (most in situ
ocean observations), as well as the fundamental problem of having only one realization of historical climate
variability. Climate models provide a proxy that allows Earth to be replicated, so that there can be multiple
individual realizations of climate variability with identical statistical characteristics. This talk will explore thevariety of approaches that have been used to characterize the statistics of model internal variability so as to getrobust estimates of the time at which anthropogenic signals unambiguously emerge from the envelope of naturalvariability. The recent availability of large (>30 members) ensembles of simulations with full Earth System models
including ocean biogeochemistry offers new opportunities to address this question in a quantitative way andinform the design of ocean observing systems, particularly those employing emerging technologies for measuring
biogeochemical fields. Large ensembles have been used to understand natural variability in physical climate, andwill be increasingly used in studies of emergence, detection, and attribution in ocean biogeochemistry.

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S10-P-11232 (Not a poster, Backup for oral presentation)

Climate change and ocean uses – Adaptation from what?
Jake Rice
Fisheries and Oceans Canada (Emeritus), Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. E-mail: jake.rice@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

The adaptation of marine ecosystems and human uses of those ecosystems is an area of active research. However,adaptation is necessarily a planned or unplanned change in trajectory of an ecosystem component or a human useof those components relative to some trajectory that would be followed without the adaptation. For fisheries, thenorms guiding the non-adaptive trajectory are not fixed, as considerations like the precautionary approach andecosystem approach continue to be incorporated into management. However adaptation planning for fisheries isusually undertaken relative to norms and standards that assume accommodating a changing climate is the major
incremental consideration, over and above the trajectories of the evolving standard management approaches.
This is short-sighted thinking and will not be sufficient preparation for sustainable future fisheries (or other oceanuses). At least two other drivers of change are likely to be given priority in marine policy, and will have to beaccommodated before adaptation strategies for fisheries can be implemented. The first is the role of the ocean
in climate change mitigation, the second in meeting human food security needs. So far ocean experts have beennearly absent from the climate change mitigation policy dialogue, and the food security SDGs are being plannedwith no engagement by the climate adaptation community. The alk will outline the developments in these otherpolicy areas and highlight their relevance to adaptation planning. The case will be made for how to address thesechallengess in the right order.

S10-P5

Potential responses of phytoplankton community structure to future global warming
Taketo Hashioka
JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: hashioka@jamstec.go.jp

In recent studies, empirical relationships between total chl-a concentration and a phytoplankton size/PFT (Plankton
Functional Type) fraction on a global scale have been shown. For example, a fraction of diatoms increases withtotal chl-a concentration. The same tendencies can be seen in the most of the hindcast experiments by current PFTmodels although the reproduced absolute values of a phytoplankton fraction still have uncertainties. Then, twodifferent mechanisms can be expected as potential responses of phytoplankton community to global warming.
One is a possibility that the phytoplankton community structure (i.e., relationships between a phytoplankton
fraction and total chl-a concentration) can be significantly changed by changes in ecosystem dynamics underglobal warming condition (e.g., changes in grazing pass/strength, decomposition/mortality/respiration rate andphytoplankton stoichiometry). Another possibility is that the plankton community shifts to the other stable states
associated with changes in total chl-a concentration (e.g., by decrease/increase in nutrient supply to the surface
ocean by changes in stratification) while maintaining the current relationship between a phytoplankton fraction
and total chl-a concentration. To clarify impacts of both effects, we analyzed results of future simulation bynine different ecosystem models of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase5 (CMIP5). PFT model morethan half showed that current empirical relationships obtained by HPLC would be maintained even in a futureenvironment. Based on this result, we projected a potential future community structure of phytoplankton using
a multi-model ensemble mean of future changes in total chl-a concentration with the empirical relationship of
HPLC.

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S10-P6

Statistical downscaling of global projections to the Bering Sea, based on an ensemble ofregional model output
Albert J. Hermann1, Wei Cheng1, Georgina A. Gibson2, Ivonne Ortiz1 and Kerim Aydin3
1

2
3

Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: albert.j.hermann@noaa.gov
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA.
NOAA/Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA.

We compute the covariance between 1) the large-scale forcing patterns from IPCC global model projections and2) regional biophysical indices generated by a 10-km resolution model of the Bering Sea (Bering10K-NPZD),
driven by nine separate realizations of that large-scale forcing. This analysis – a model-based form of statistical
downscaling – proceeds using both simple regression and multivariate EOF analysis of the output from global andregional models. Such EOF-based methods– sometimes referred to as “regression on the pattern level” – have infact been widely used in both global and regional climate prediction. Ideally this would enable the direct use of
forecast realizations of the IPCC climate models to effectively predict the Bering Sea indices, without the needto rerun simulations with Bering10K-NPZD for each global realization. At a minimum, this method provides an
economical way to estimate forecast uncertainty and other statistics of the regional indices, given the large numberof global realizations which have emerged (and will continue to do so) under IPCC Assessments Reports.

S10-P7Upwelling-induced changes in the structure of plankton assemblages and role ofheterotrophic bacterioplankton in biogeochemical carbon cycles in the Ulleung Basin,
East Sea
Jung-Ho Hyun, Eun-Jin Yang, Jae-Hoon Noh, Kyeong-Hee Kim, Sung-Han Kim, Jin-Sook Mok, Dongseon Kim
and Sinjae Yoo
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: hyunjh@hanyang.ac.kr

The Ulleung Basin (UB) in the southwest of the East Sea is characterized by the high plankton biomass andprimary production. Wind-driven coastal upwelling and upward shift of nitracline below the pycnocline especiallyin summer have been known to be responsible for the enhanced biological production. However, the fate of highprimary production associated with the bacterial activities remains to be solved. We investigated the abundanceof phytoplankton, heterotrophic bacteria and microzooplankton, and phytoplankton primary production (PP)and bacterial secondary production (BP) to determine temporal and spatial variations of plankton assemblages
and the quantitative role of heterotrophic bacteria in biogeochemical carbon cycles associated with the coastal
upwelling in the UB. Phytoplankton assemblages changed from small-sized flagellates in non-upwelled stratified
condition to larger diatoms in upwelled condition. Abundance and production of each microbial group increased
significantly (p < 0.005) in upwelled condition compared to that measured in stratified pre-upwelling condition.
BP accounted for average 53% of PP in highly stratified condition, but decreased to 6% in upwelling condition.
Similarly, bacterial carbon demand exceeded PP by a factor of 5 in stratified condition, but it balanced with PP in
upwelled condition. The results implied that larger bacterial contribution during to organic carbon mineralization
during stratified condition will diminish export flux. Consequently, changes in the intensity and frequency of
upwelling associated with climatic changes that are in progress in the UB would significantly affect the carbon
cycles associated with the fate of primary production and the role of the microbial loop.

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S10-P8Estuarine ecology and environment: In response to long-term variations of Changjiang(Yangtze River) runoff input and sediment load
Weiwei Xian and Hui Zhang
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: wwxian@qdio.ac.cn

Runoff and sediment input plays an important role in the Yangtze River Estuary. In this study, the integrative
surveys were conducted in the estuary and its adjacent area from 1998 to 2012. Based on the survey data as wellas the Yangtze River flux (runoff, sediment) data at Datong station since 1950, the relationship between estuarine
environmental factors and the river flux were examined. The annual runoff of the Yangtze River into the estuary has
maintained equilibrium, and there is no significant variation trend. However, the sediment discharge significantly
reduced, mainly causing by dam construction in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River region. The runoff would
directly affect the distribution of salinity and suspended particle materials. In the investigation area, sea surface
salinity negatively related with runoff, and the reduction of runoff was the main reason for the increase in salinity.
The Yangtze River flux has a direct impact on the surface suspended particulate matter content in the estuary.
The construction of the Three Gorges Project has intercepted most of the sediment from the upper reaches of the
Yangtze River. The content of suspended particulate matter after the Three Gorges dam construction performed
substantial reduction. The physical and sedimentary environment of the Yangtze River Estuary had responses tothe variations of river material flux. This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41406136, No.31272663, No.41176138 and U1406403).

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PICES-2016

S11: POC Topic Session
Advances in Understanding and Modeling of Physical Processes
in the North Pacific in the Past 25 Years of PICES and Future
Directions
S11-P1

Rapid freshening of the Kamchatka and Oyashio currents
Konstantin Rogachev and Natalia Shlyk
V.I. Ill’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: rogachev@poi.dvo.ru

The south-flowing waters of the Kamchatka and Oyashio currents and west-flowing waters by the Alaskan Stream
are key components of the western subarctic Pacific gyre. We use CTD and Argo buoys data to investigate therecent freshening in the region. Initially CTD data collected during the implementation of the International North
Pacific Ocean Climate Study (INPOC). We found that the salinity in the upper layer of the Kamchatka Current
decreased by 0.19 psu/26 years ±0.06 from 1990 to 2015. The temperature increased by 1.05°C/26 years ±0.22
at potential density 26.75σθ .This freshening and warming is likely link to change in circulation in the western
subarctic Pacific.
Historical data show that salinity in the intermediate layer of the Oyashio Current decreased by 0.13 psu/26
years ±0.05 from 1990 to 2015. This variability modulated by the 18.6-year period oscillation of the lunar orbital
inclination. Large variations in the tidal mixing occur in subregions such as banks that are strongly dominatedby the diurnal constituents. Enhanced modulation of tidal mixing exists near Kuril Islands and particularly in the
Oyashio at Kruzenshtern Bank. Tidal harmonics computed from Argos drifters in the Oyashio and Sea of Okhotsk.
The accuracy is evaluated through comparisons with independent bottom pressure gauges. The effect of the 18.6year nodal modulation is estimated and found to cause the significant salinity variations. These variations correlatewith tidal mixing and may have important consequences for biological productivity similar to those previously
found for the Pacific halibut.

S11-P2

Spreading of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Philippine Sea
Nan Zang and Fan Wang
Institute of Oceanography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: fwang@qdio.ac.cn

The Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) is carried by the New Guinea coastal undercurrent (NGCUC) to
Philippine Sea (PS), and is carried by Mindanao Undercurrent (MUC) northward as a salinity minimum ofintermediate water. In this study, its spreading and temporal variations are explored using Argo floats. Spreadingof AAIW is closely associated with the transports of MUC, and is separately carried northward to about 10°N and
15°N by the two branches of MUC. Both diapycnal and isopycnal mixing effects are shown to be elevated in the
MUC owing to enhanced salinity gradient near the subthermocline anticyclonic gyre in the southern PS. We also
examined the interannual variations of AAIW spreading, and found which may be related to ENSO.

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S11-P3

Recent change of sea level variations in the East China Sea from merged altimetry data
Jilong Chen
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. E-mail: cjl@mail.iap.ac.cn

The change trends of sea level height is in the East China Sea (ECS) were examined using merged altimetry data,and possible mechanisms were studied using Ishii data and ORA-S3 assimilation data. The result shows that themean sea level over the ECS has a rise rate of 7.2 mm/yr during 1993–2001, a fall rate of 8.3 mm/yr during 2001–
2005 and a rise rate of 10.1 mm/yr during 2005–2009. The geographical distribution of the sea level variations
over the ECS is asymmetric with a pronounced variation existing in the deep water. The trends of thermostericsea level variations were also examined using Ishii data. The results indicate that thermal change of upper layer
has a signiﬁcant contribution to the sea level variations in the ECS. Heat budget analysis suggests that heatadvection may be a key factor influencing the thermal change. Apart from thermal contribution, the contributionof precipitation and evaporation to sea level change were also studied.

S11-P4A long-term reference for detecting oceanic variations in the western North Pacific: JMA
50-year long 137°E repeat hydrographic section
Toshiya Nakano1,2, Hiroyuki Inoue1, Kiyoshi Murakami1, Yusuke Takatani1, Atsushi Kojima1,2, Yoshiteru
Kitamura1, Masao Ishii2,1, Eitarou Oka3, Shusaku Sugimoto4 and Toshio Suga4
1
2
3
4

Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: nakano_t@met.kishou.go.jp
Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, JapanThe University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan

Japan Meteorological Agency has been conducting ship-based repeat hydrographic and biogeochemical
observations along the 137°E meridian since 1967 for winter and since 1972 for summer, and we celebrate its
50th anniversary this year. The 137°E section extends from 34°N south of Japan to 3°N off New Guinea, crossing
major currents such as Kuroshio, North Equatorial Current (NEC), and North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC)
and major water masses such as Subtropical Mode Water (STMW), North Pacific Tropical Water (NPTW) andNorth Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) in the subtropical and tropical gyres. The 137°E section has provided
a comprehensive set of physical and biogeochemical measurements, including temperature, salinity, dissolved
oxygen, nutrients and carbonate system parameters. The repeat survey along 137°E has been playing an importantrole as a long-term reference for detecting variations in ocean circulation, oceanic structure and air-sea interactionsin the North Pacific, including those related to climate change. The three major water masses mentioned above
had significant decadal-scale (about 10 years) variations. The137°E section revealed long-term changes of salinity
and temperature in the surface and intermediate layers. Rapid freshening on both isobars and isopycnals beganin mid-1990s and persisted for the past 20 years in the subtropical gyre. The freshening trend was strongest in
STMW in the upper main thermocline, and also existed in a deeper layer corresponding to the Central Mode
Water, extending over the whole ventilated thermocline/halocline. Trends of CO2 increase and acidification havealso been clearly observed in both surface and interior of this section.

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S11-P5Comparison of chlorophyll-a responses to climate change in the tropical western Pacificmarginal seas
Rong-shuo Cai, Hai-xia Guo, Di Fu, Hong-jian Tan and Xiu-hua Yan
Key Lab of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen,
Fujian 361005, PR China. E-mail: rscai@163.com, cairongshuo@tio.org.cn

The present study examines and compares the responses of chlorophyll-a concentrations in the South China Sea(SCS) and Coral Sea (CS) to the marine climate change in the tropical western Pacific. The analyzed results reveal
that, over the past decades, the SCS experienced a nearly linear change toward warmer and fresher water at fasterrates than those of the CS, e.g., a faster rise in sea surface temperature (SST) at a rate (0.14 to 0.31) °C decade-1
versus (0.07 to 0.14) °C decade-1, and a decrease in sea surface salinity (SSS) at a rate (-0.5 to -0.6) versus (-0.04) g
kg-1 decade-1 in the SCS and CS, respectively. The climatological pattern of evaporation and rainfall in the tropicalwestern Pacific indicates that the SCS is located in a rainfall-dominated region, while the CS is located in an
evaporation-dominated area. As a proxy for marine productivity, concentrations of chlorophyll-a apparently variedwith the SSS changes in the SCS and SST changes in the CS, respectively, although chlorophyll-a concentration inboth the SCS and CS showed a slight decrease trend. Our preliminary findings suggest that pattern of rainfall andevaporation over the tropical western Pacific might play an important role in the changes of marine chlorophyll-aconcentrations in the SCS and CS.

S11-P6Time interpolation of surface winds and its impact on the modelling of inertial currents
in the North PacificYukiharu Hisaki
University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. E-mail: hisaki@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp

The North Pacific is the storm track area, and the high temporal resolution of winds is required to predict highfrequency variability such as inertial currents. We developed a simple and robust time interpolation methodfrom atmospheric reanalysis data for both stationary and propagating surface disturbances. Propagation vectorsof the disturbances are evaluated on all of the grid points from two sea level pressure data maps. The data areinterpolated on the grid points from the propagation vectors. This method is more effective compared with thelinear interpolation as disturbances moving faster. The kinetic energy of the predicted inertial currents using theinterpolation method is significantly changed from that using the linear time interpolation. The spatial distributionof kinetic energy is also different from that by the linear interpolation.

S11-P7

Vertical mixing observed on the continental slope of the southwestern East/Japan Sea
Seongbong Seo1,2, Young-Gyu Park1,2, Jae-Hun Park3, Chang-Soo Hong1 and Dong Guk Kim1
1

2
3

Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea
E-mail: sbseo@kiost.ac
Department of Integrated Ocean sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea.
Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, R Korea

Over the southwestern East/Japan Sea, 25 hours long hourly CTD, and a free falling microstructure profiler(TurboMAP) data were obtained during a spring tidal period and neap. Vertical diffusivities estimated density
inversion from CTD profiles using the Thorpe scale, and shear from the microstructure profiler are compared.
When converting the Thorpe scale into the diffusivity two different mixing efficiency parameterizations proposedby were utilized. One is a widely used method proposed by Osborn (1980) in which the functional form isindependent of turbulent intensity. The other is relatively recent one by Shih et al. (2005) in which the functional
form is dependent on turbulent intensity. The vertical structure Both methods produce similar vertical structure,
but the one based on Shih et al. (2005) is smaller than that based on Osborn (1980), and compares better withestimation based on shear. The diffusivity was much greater during the spring tidal period than the neap suggesting
internal tide induced mixing.
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S11-P8Mapping of the air–sea CO2 flux in the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas: Basin-wide
distribution and seasonal to interannual variability
Sayaka Yasunaka1,2, Akihiko Murata1,2, Eiji Watanabe2, Melissa Chierici3,4, Agneta Fransson5, Steven van Heuven6,
Mario Hoppema7, Masao Ishii8, Truls Johannessen9, Naohiro Kosugi8, Siv K. Lauvset10, Jeremy T. Mathis11,
Shigeto Nishino2, Abdirahman M. Omar12, Are Olsen9, Daisuke Sasano8, Taro Takahashi13 and Rik Wanninkhof14
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan
E-mail: yasunaka@jamstec.go.jp
Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Research, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Japan
Institute of Marine Research, Tromsø, Norway
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
Norwegian Polar Institute, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Marine Geology and Chemical Oceanography, Netherlands
Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Climate Sciences Department, Bremerhaven, Germany
Geochemistry and Oceanography Research Department, Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Japan
Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen and Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
Uni Research Climate, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
NOAA Arctic Research Program, USA
Uni Research AS, Bergen, Norway
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, USA

We produced 204 monthly maps of the air–sea CO2 flux in the Arctic north of 60°N, including the Arctic Ocean
and its adjacent seas, from January 1997 to December 2013 by using a self-organizing map technique. The partialpressure of CO2 in surface water data were obtained by shipboard underway measurements or calculated fromalkalinity and total inorganic carbon of surface water samples. Subsequently, we investigated the basin-wide
distribution and seasonal to interannual variability of the CO2 fluxes. The 17-year annual mean CO2 flux showsthat all areas of the Arctic Ocean and its adjacent seas were net CO2 sinks. The estimated annual CO2 uptake by
the Arctic Ocean was 180 TgC yr–1. The CO2 influx was strongest in winter in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas (>15mmol m–2 day–1) and the Barents Sea (>12 mmol m–2 day–1) because of strong winds, and strongest in summer in
the Chukchi Sea (~10 mmol m–2 day–1) because of the sea-ice retreat. In recent years, the CO2 uptake has increasedin the Greenland/Norwegian Sea and decreased in the southern Barents Sea, owing to increased and decreased
air–sea pCO2 differences, respectively.

S11-P9About microwave radiometry and spectroellipsometric technologies for monitoring
marine ecosystems
Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan and Vladimir F. Krapivin
V. A. Kotelnikov’s Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics RAS, Fryazino, Moscow Region, Russia. E-mail: ferd47@mail.ru

Results of the investigations are stated in connection with the assessment of capabilities to use the sensors of
optical and microwave ranges for the diagnostics of hydrophysical and hydrochemical systems having various
spatial scales. Structure of multi-functional information-modeling system (MFIMS) MFIMS consists the sensorsof optical and microwave ranges and it realizes functions for the diagnostics and adaptive identification of theliquids. The system is based on the base formation of spectral standards for the liquid solutions delivered bymeans of multi-channel spectrophotometer or spectroellipsometer and used for adaptive recognition of spectral
images.
Education process and following recognition are realized in accordance with the certain series of the methods,
algorithms and procedures for accumulation, analysis, sorting and processing observation data. Assembly of alltools forms the information-modeling system oriented on the operative diagnostics of the state of the water objects
when multi-channel information is delivered by the on-site and remote sensors and high-performance information
technologies are used for the solution of the tasks related to the classification and identification of the water
objects.

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A solution of operative multi-pronged task of the water quality control and state of hydrochemical systems when
their spatial heterogeneity is taken into consideration and series of physical, chemical and biological factors exist
to be as influencing on them is realized by means of the collection of computer algorithms and models that are
the hydrochemical monitoring system. This collection gives a possibility to parameterize typical water balance on
restricted territory that reflects an interaction between hydrological cycle components. Under this, the system has
adaptation function to the real hydrophysical object or process. The MFIMS can used under the water media orother liquids quality control under the expedition conditions when chemical laboratory no exist.

S11-P10Evaluation of surface winds over the Korean Peninsula and its surrounding seas
Wonkeun Choi, Ho-Jeong Shin and Chan Joo Jang
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, R Korea. E-mail: cjjang@kiost.ac.kr

Surface winds over ocean can influence not only on turbulent heat fluxes but on coastal erosion mainly throughchanges in ocean wave. To project a future change in surface wind, a global climate model has been widely used
but for detailed regional information, dynamical downscaling with a regional model has been used. The purposeof this study is to evaluate the surface winds over the Korean Peninsula and its surrounding seas simulated by
CORDEX-EA (Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment for East Asia) multi-model ensemble.
While in many studies the evaluation of climate models has been conducted based on reanalysis data, we first
verified the ERA-interim and NCEP/DOE reanalyses based on an in-situ observational data and then evaluated theregional models in comparison with CMIP5 global models for 1989-2005. Although surface wind at the boundaryof CORDEX domain was similar between these two reanalyses, the wind over the Korean Peninsula was different
between them and was overestimated by more than two times compared to the in-situ data. The regional models
simulated a relatively stronger wind over the east coast of South Korea during summer and over the east and west
boundaries of the Japan Basin during winter, whereas the CMIP5 global models were incapable of simulatingsuch a wind pattern varying with season over the coastal regions of the East Sea. Thus we suggest that a regionalmodelling is necessary for the studies on coastal regions and that a careful examination should be conducted
before a use of reanalysis data.

S11-P11

Approach of dynamic physical thresholds on spatial-temporal phytoplankton variability
in NE Pacific
Eliana Gómez-Ocampo and Gilberto Gaxiola Castro
CICESE, Ensenada, México. E-mail: eliana.gomez@gmail.com

We estimated using generalized additive models the thresholds and the contribution of some dynamic physicalvariables to phytoplankton production and biomass spatial-temporal variability. The ocean circulation contribution
to phytoplankton variability was 18% (for phytoplankton biomass), and 46% (for phytoplankton production). The
pycnocline and mixed layer depths thresholds related to high productivity, were shallower for primary production
than those for phytoplankton biomass (pycnocline < 68 m and mixed layer < 30 m vs. pycnocline < 45 m andmixed layer < 80 m), while for absolute dynamic topography (ADT) and Ekman pumping were similar (ADT <59 cm and Ekman pumping > 0 cm d-1 vs. ADT < 60 and Ekman pumping > 4 cm d-1). The thresholds explained
the high productivity (integrated Chla from 50 to 576 mg m-2) in mesoscale (cyclones eddies), seasonal (spring),
and interannual (La Niña 2008) scales, linked to the generally lower ADT conditions (45-60 cm), pycnocline
sloping (9-68 m), and shallow mixed layer (8-40 m). Ekman pumping were mainly related to seasonal variability
associated to alongshore wind during winter-spring. By contrast, the biomass depletion in anticyclone eddies,
autumn-winter, and during El Niño and Warm-Blob conditions, was the result of the pycnocline and mixed layer
deepening evidenced in high ADT. Two ADT ranges with data of the California Current area were estimated, bothof which lead to a drop in primary production. The present study shows that estimated thresholds reliably explain
the phytoplankton spatial-temporal variability of the subtropical-tropical northeast Pacific.

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S12: MONITOR/BIO/TCODE Topic Session
Causes and Consequences of 25 Years of Variability in Ocean
Conditions on the Ecosystems of the North Pacific
S12-P1

Reponses of marine primary productivity (PP) to the future climate change scenario: therole of the subsurface chlorophyll maximum (SCM) in the mid-latitudinal marginal seas
Christina Eunjin Kong1, Sinjae Yoo2, Chanjoo Jang2 and Jisoo Park3
1
2
3

Ocean Science and Technology School (Korea Maritime and Ocean University), Busan, R Korea. E-mail: cejkong@kiost.ac.kr
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jejudo, R Korea
Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, R Korea

The seasonal cycle and magnitude of marine primary production (PP) is projected to change in response to futureclimate variability. It is likely that the changes in PP will also influence the structure and dynamic of the marine
ecosystem and food web interaction. Studies have shown that the global PP appears to have decreased over the
past several decades. Especially, recent global prediction models have indicated that the PP is expected to decreasein the mid-latitudinal marginal seas. However, the challenges in understanding and predicting PP in response to
climate variability is quite complex, particularly the change of PP in the SCM is not well addressed.
In this study, we examined characteristics (thickness, depth, and peak) of SCM in the mid-latitudinal marginalseas of Northwestern Pacific. We also analyzed how the physical factors (temperature, salinity, sigma-t, etc.)
affect the SCM variability using the in-situ data collected from CTD profiler at more than 100 stations. Our results
showed that the depth of SCM layers highly correlates with MLD, as SCM being formed at or above the base of
the thermocline. As global warming continues, stratification will be strengthened which will alter the depth anddensity gradient of the thermocline. This, in turn, will change the formation and depth of SCM and subsequently
primary productivity of the upper mixed layer ocean. In this context, we will also discuss the further implicationof such potential changes in SCM dynamics in the mid-latitudinal marginal seas.

S12-P2

Interannual variation of ocean environment in the Kuroshio Extension, Oyashio, and theirtransition area correlated with the recruitment of chub mackerel (Scomber japonicas)
Hitoshi Kaneko1, Takeshi Okunishi1, Takashi Setoh2, Hiroshi Kuroda3, Sachihiko Itoh4, Shinya Kouketsu5 andDaisuke Hasegawa1
1
2
3
4
5

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shiogama, Japan. E-mail: jinziren@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Japan.
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Kushiro, Japan.
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.

Interannual variations of temperature the Kuroshio Extension (KE), Oyashio, and their transition area were
investigated in order to examine their influences on recruitment per spawning stock biomass (RPS) of chubmackerel (Scomber japonicas) during 2001–2012. Temperature data was provided by reanalysis data from an
operational ocean forecast system (FRA-ROMS) coupled with a lower-trophic ecosystem model (eNEMURO).
Particle tracking experiments revealed that sea surface temperature (SST) around the spawning ground wassignificantly correlated with the RPS. In addition, area expansion of “the sub-cold water region” defined as thearea of 5–10°C at 100 m (in the area southern 43°N, 141–148°E) also showed a correlation with the RPS. Intensityof the meridional front along KE (35–38°N, 141–148°E) was related with the expansion of the sub-cold water
region. We examined multiple liner regression models to the RPS, employing two indexes in addition to SST in
the spawning ground: the first primary component of the empirical orthogonal functions (PC1) concerning the sea
level anomaly in KE region (30–40°N, 142°E–180°) that is suggested as the latitude of KE axis, and North PacificIndex (NPI) that is suggested as the latitude of the Oyashio intrusion. The model including SST and lagged-NPI
indicated a higher determination coefficient than that of the only-SST-regression-model. The results suggest thatfluctuations generated in the central and eastern Pacific would affect the RPS variations during 2001–2012.
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S12-P3Mass mortality of small seabirds in NE Pacific 2014/2015: Consequences of NE Pacificanomaly
Timothy Jones, Nicholas Bond, Parker MacCready, Mark Hipfner, Bill Peterson, Eric Bjorkstedt, Kirsten
Lindquist, Jan Roletto, Hannah Nevins, Jackie Lindsey and Julia Parrish
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 1122 NE Boat St., Seattle, Washington, USA
E-mail: timothy.t.jones@gmail.com

Sea-surface temperature in the NE Pacific was severely perturbed from late 2013 through 2015. The anomaly
centered in the Gulf of Alaska at its peak covered an area of ~ 9×106 km2 and exceeded 2.5 °C above normal. In
the boreal winter of 2014-15, carcasses of Cassin’s auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus), a small zooplanktivorous
seabird, were observed during standardized beach surveys at levels exceeding 100 times the long-term average.
From September to March more than 9,000 carcasses were observed from central California through to Washington
state by three citizen science programs. We found that annualized (2001-2014) carcass encounter rates (birds/
km surveyed) were highly correlated with planktonic food composition and measures of cold-water availability.
Furthermore, we demonstrate that the NE pacific anomaly likely compressed birds into a narrow band of cold
water, and also caused a deleterious shift in planktonic community composition following its onshore movementin September 2014. Using an ocean circulation model and estimates of total carcass deposition, we determined therelative proportion of carcasses that reached shore, giving an estimate of total mortality to be 250-750 thousandbirds. This event, caused by anomalous oceanic conditions and its effect on planktonic communities, may act asa forewarning of future mass mortality events of seabirds and other marine organisms that may occur as the NE
Pacific continues to warm.

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S13: MONITOR/TCODE Topic Session
Understanding the Changing Coastal Ocean: Advances and Challenges
in Multi-parameter Observations
S13-P1

Multifactor effects of near-bottom processes in the coastal ocean
Vadim Navrotsky1, Valeriy Liapidevskii2, Elena Pavlova1 and Fedor Chrapchenkov1
1
2

V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: vnavr@poi.dvo.ru
M.A. Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia

Bottom boundary layers (BBL) always have been given special attention in regions with small bottom depth.
Valuable results were obtained mainly for homogeneous flows with constant or surface wave caused stress above
beds with different properties. The main goal of our experiments in the shelf zone of the Sea of Japan is to study
processes in homogeneous and stratified BBL, which in non-storm conditions are not affected by surface waves
and wind mixing. The main results of the theoretically supported analysis of the data concern the role of different
kind internal waves in mass, momentum and heat vertical and horizontal fluxes in the near-bottom layers. It
was shown that internal wave surf and uprush at inertial and tidal frequencies lead not only to intensive local
mixing and sediment resuspension, but to ventilation of the near-shore waters as well. Detailed spectral analysisof temperature and velocity fluctuations at different levels combined with analysis of velocity profiles supports
theoretical prediction of secondary high-frequency IW generation by vertical shear instability in stratified flows
and in homogeneous flows with nonlinear vertical gradients of velocity. We can conclude that IW, generated inwide range of frequencies over the continental slope by tides and mesoscale eddies, as well as IW generated innear-bottom layers in near-shore regions, are universal processes providing considerable mixing and corresponding
biological, ecological and morphological effects in the coastal ocean.

S13-P2

Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) and SGD-driven nutrient fluxes in Geoje Bay,
Korea
Tae-Hoon Kim1, Dong-Woon Hwang2 and Minkyu Choi2
12

Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea. E-mail: thkim@jejunu.ac.kr
Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea.

Activities of 222Rn and the concentrations of nutrients were measured in stream water, seawater, and coastal
groundwater around Geoje Bay, one of the largest cultivation areas of oyster in the southern sea of Korea in
April, 2013. Using the 222Rn and Si mass balance model, the residence time of bay seawater was about 5 days
and the submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) into the bay was estimated to be approximately 1.8 × 106 m3
d-1. The nutrient fluxes through SGD contributed approximately 56% for dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN),
5% for dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), and 52% for dissolved inorganic silicate (DSi) of total nutrient
input entering into the bay. Especially, the input of coastal groundwater with DIN/DIP imbalance (~ 70) andtrigger elements around this study region could have a significant impact on oyster farming production as well as
phytoplankton biomass in the bay.

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S13-P3

Biochemical composition of surface sedimentary organic matter and material fluxes atthe sediment-water interface of Jaran Bay, Korea
Semi Jeong1, Jung-Hyun Park2, Hyung-Chul Kim2, Won-Chan Lee2 and Seok Jin Oh1
1
2

Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: sjoh1972@pknu.ac.kr
National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Busan, R Korea

To induce sustainable production of oyster farming in Jaran Bay, this study investigated the spatial and temporalchanges in the biochemical composition of sedimentary organic matter and the material flux across the sedimentwater interface. Sediment samples were collected in May 2015 and from August 2015 to February 2016 on amonthly basis. Material fluxes using a benthic chamber were estimated in October and December 2015. The
biochemical classes of organic matter were dominated by proteins, followed by carbohydrates and lipids. The
proteins might be the dominant class among labile compounds because about 60% of the body of the oyster ismade up of proteins. The PLG:OM ratio, which represents the percentage of labile organic matter, ranged from9.82 to 25.18%. The P:G ratio, which represents the presence of newly produced matter, ranged from 0.94 to 5.80.
This result may indicate that labile organic matter in Jaran Bay might be fresh material that was recently formed.
SOD ranged from 15 to 132 mmol/m2/day, SPM ranged from 7.5 to 91.1 g/m2/day, POC ranged from 0.43 to 2.36
g/m2/day, and PON ranged from 0.02 to 0.32 g/m2/day. Also, DIN and DIP effluxes were 5.14±5.5 mmol/m2/day
and 0.38±0.33 mmol/m2/day, respectively. The burial flux was also lower than in other aquacultural areas along
the southern coast of Korea. Therefore, Jaran Bay might have potential for sustainable production than othershellfish farming.

S13-P4

Analysis on coastline change under ecological environment of coastal zone - A case of
Sanya
Yarong Zou and Bin Zou
National Ocean Satellite Application Service, Beijing 100085, PR China. Email:zyr@mail.nsoas.org.cn

The coastline is an important part of the coastal zone, which is of great significance for the development, utilizationand management of the coastal zone. This paper adapted automatic and semi-automatic expert interpretation
method to extract Sanya shoreline information using 2014 Rapideye, 2010 Quick Bird satellite data, assisted
by field survey data, established coastline interpretation signs, application of fractal theory and constructed
shoreline database to analysis coastline change against coastal zone environment. The results showed that Sanya
shoreline change to artificial shoreline; sandy shoreline reduce obviously. Coastline changes in Sanya for a
total of 27,845.72m. The artificial shoreline change for 15,691.18m, accounting for 56.35%; sandy shoreline isreduced by 2,132.12m, accounting for 7.66%. Sanya shoreline change are dominated by human activities, mainly
from the base of the rocky shore line to artificial port changes, the expansion of the original artificial shoreline,
reclamation, part of the sandy shoreline to artificial port changes. At the same time, changes of shoreline changes
were developed for Port Development Zone. More coastal engineering construction, especially the construction of
artificial levees, causes a certain impact on the marine environment and human activities on coastal zone affecting
the shoreline strongly. The comprehensive management of shoreline development, utilization, protection andmanagement should achieve the purpose of sustainable development of resources and environment.

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S13-P5Typhoon storm surges observed by Chinese HY-2A satellite radar altimetry
Jingsong Yang1, Xiaohui Li1, Guoqi Han2, Nan Chen1 and Dake Chen1
1

2State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, PR China
E-mail: jsyang@sio.org.cn
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St. John’s, Canada

HY-2A is the first Chinese ocean dynamic environment monitoring satellite, which was launched in August 2011.
The satellite repeats its ground track every 14 days. It plays an important role in global monitoring of sea surface
winds (especially extreme winds like typhoons and hurricanes), ocean waves, currents, eddies, and extreme
events like storm surges by using its four major payloads, i.e. radar altimetry, microwave scatterometer, scanningmicrowave radiometer and calibration microwave radiometer. The HY-2A data are obtained from China’s National
Satellite Ocean Application Service (NSOAS). We use 1 s along-track data with a nominal spatial resolution of
about 7 km. Typhoon storm surges in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were observed by HY-2A satellite altimetry.
The storm surge magnitude and the cross-shelf e-folding decay scale are given. The present study shows that the
HY-2A satellite altimetry is a useful tool for monitoring typhoon storm surges in the Northwest Pacific Ocean andtheir impacts on coastal areas.

S13-P6

The present and future of Ocean Research Stations (ORSs) of the Korea Hydrographic
and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA)
Chungho Lee1, Jooyoung Lee1, Jinyong Jeong2, Do-Seong Byun1 and Eunil Lee1
1
2

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency(KHOA), Busan, R Korea. E-mail: chlee01@korea.kr
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST), Ansan, R Korea

Constructed respectively in 2003, 2009 and 2014, the Ieodo, Gageocho and Socheongcho Ocean Research
Stations are located in the jurisdictional sea area of Korea and are used to conduct oceanographic, meteorologicaland environmental observation. These stations were initially established by the Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST) as part of the R&D project of the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries. The Korea
Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA) then took over control of the Ieodo Ocean Research Stationin 2007, followed by the Gageocho and Socheongcho Stations in 2016. Located 149 km southwest of Jeju Island,
the Ieodo Ocean Research Station makes an ideal spot for oceanographic and meteorological research due to its
presence at the pathway of typhoons heading for the Korean Peninsula. It has 29 pieces of equipment installed forcollecting oceanographic, meteorological and environmental data. KHOA has been conducting research stay at the
Ieodo Ocean Research Station since 2014 to further enhance it to be an international observation station. Seven
academic research projects are being carried out in 2016. The Gageocho and Socheongcho Stations respectively
have 13 and 23 pieces of observation equipment installed. Efforts are also being made to conduct research stay
to foster them as international stations along with the Ieodo Ocean Research Station. KHOA ultimately aims toestablish these three stations as global scientific stations through a variety of academic research.

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S13-P7

Multivariate Ocean Climate Indicator (MOCI): Describing the California Current
Marisol García-Reyes, Sarah Ann Thompson and William J. Sydeman
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: sathompson@faralloninstitute.org

We present an operational regional indicator for California’s continental shelf environment and investigate its
skill in predicting a variety of biological responses across trophic levels. This updated MOCI (Multivariate
Ocean Climate Indicator, version 2) includes data that are readily available from the Internet so the indicator canbe automatically updated and shared regularly via the Web. Data included are buoy data, sea level, the Bakun
upwelling index, and climate indices. MOCIv.2 is a simplified version of MOCIv.1 (Sydeman et al. 2014) but
captures ocean-climate variability similarly. MOCIv.2 illustrates all major ENSO events that occurred over the
past 25 years as well as the phasing and magnitude of the most recent North Pacific marine heat wave, ‘The
Blob’. It also shows differences in the magnitude and timing of ocean-climate variability in different regions
off California. MOCIv.2 relates to variability in other environmental parameters like fog and river flow, andto coastal water conditions such as salinity. Similar to MOCIv.1, MOCIv.2 has skill in now-casting marine
ecosystem dynamics, from zooplankton to top predators, and therefore may be useful in establishing bio-physicalrelationships important to ecosystem-based fisheries and wildlife management in California.

S13-P8Non-market value of marine ecosystem service in Saemangeum open sea in Korea
Seul-Ye Lim and Seung-Hoon Yoo
Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul, R Korea. E-mail: sylim@seoultech.ac.kr

Saemangeum is an estuarine tidal flat on the coast of the Korean Peninsula. Saemangeum seawall, which wasconstructed for developing reclaimed land of 40,100 ha and freshwater lake for agriculture, is 33 km long andthe world’s longest man-made dyke. However, the construction of the Saemangeum seawall has made serious
environmental impacts and thus marine environmental management policy for Saemangeum open sea is required
to be prepared. This paper attempts to measure the non-market value of marine ecosystem in Saemangeum open
sea. To this end, the contingent valuation (CV) method was applied. Two national surveys of 1,000 households
were administered in Korea during the period 2014-2015. More specifically, we adopted a strategy to use two
split samples. The first sample consists of 400 households residing in Saemangeum area (on-site) and the second
sample comprises 600 households residing in the nation except for Saemangeum area (off-site). Moreover, we
employed the spike model to deal with zero willingness to pay (WTP) responses obtained from the one-and-onehalf-bounded dichotomous choice CV survey. The mean WTP values for the on-site and off-site areas are estimatedfor the years 2014 and 2015 and statistically significant at the 1% level. The national value to be expandedamounts to about yearly KRW 75.98 billion (USD 69.80 million) and 71.68 billion (USD 60.50 million) in 2014
and 2015 for the next ten years, respectively. This quantitative value could be a useful baseline information for any
decision-making process particularly in the establishment of management policies for the Saemangeum open sea.
Keywords: Saemangeum, open sea, contingent valuation, willingness to pay, spike model

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S13-P9Spatial-temporal pattern analysis of sea surface temperature evolution in North Pacific
Ocean
Yong Lin, Jingfeng Fan and Shuxi Liu
Dalian, Liaoning, PR China. E-mail: sxliu@nmemc.org.cn

Global warming and its ecological consequences are concerned among scientist community and the public.
The knowledge of spatial –temporal pattern of sea surface temperature (SST) evolution is the fundament of theecological impact studies of climate warming. Here we use gridded sea surface temperature data from January
1850 to 2015 to analyze the spatial-temporal pattern of SST evolution pattern for North Pacific Ocean by wavelet
based multi-resolution analysis method. The results are expected to provide crucial context information for the
ecological impacts of climate warming studies.

S13-P10

New light for time series: international collaboration in ship-based ecosystem monitoring
Dr. Luis Valdés1 and Kirsten Isensee2
1
2

Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Santander, Spain. E-mail: luis.valdes@st.ieo.es
Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO, Paris

The history of long-term ocean time-series started more than 100 years ago. But most of marine time-series sites
were established across different oceans (and managed by different countries) following the recommendations
from international programmes such as JGOFS and GLOBEC. Many of existing time-series gained internationalprestige (HOTS, BATS, CPR, L4, HELGOLAND ROADS, RADIALES) in particular for providing the reference
baselines for different variables at local-regional scales and in different ocean biogeographical provinces.
In a time of increasing pressures on the marine environment, time-series are central to understanding past,current and future alterations in ocean biology and to monitoring future responses to climate change. There are an
extraordinary number of unexploited data sets obtained by long-term ocean time-series. Analyzing the data setsobtained at multiple ocean sampling sites has a high scientific value, but sharing data has also important economic
and social benefits. The demand from different stakeholders and decision makers for answers to the challenges
posed by changes in the marine environment is growing rapidly and sharing and accessing time-series data would
reduce the uncertainties in the management of marine resources and ecosystem services. Given that individual
time-series are distributed across different oceans and managed by different countries, open collaboration withcountries’ institutions conducting the time-series is essential.
This poster aims to deliver new insights into existing biogeochemical and ecological ship-based times-series andalso features an overview of the gaps and needs for a better sampling coverage in the different ocean basins and
seas.

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S13-P11Integration and duplication removal of the oceanographic and marine meteorological
data at CMOC/China
Yulong Liu, Fangfang Wan, Dongsheng Zhang and Mingmei Dong
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, PR China. E-mail: fangfww15@sina.cn

WMO-IOC Centre for Marine Meteorological and Oceanographic Climate Data, Tianjin, China (CMOC/China),
operationally maintained and upgraded by National Marine Data and Information Service (NMDIS), State Oceanic
Administration (SOA) since 2012, aims at guarantee the oceanographic and marine meteorology data, metadata,and product service to end users on free basis.
Researches on methods of quality control and duplicates elimination are actively conducted at CMOC/China.
Following the instruction of the Oceanographic and Marine Meteorological Data Quality Control Manualcompiled by NMIDS, delayed mode surface temperature and salinity data, wind-wave data, monthly mean sea
level data, marine meteorological data from Chinese oceanographic stations, integrated temperature and salinity
datasets of GTSPP, Argo and WOD, DBCP drifter data and metadata have been processed, quality controlled andreleased. Key information item for identify the duplication were identified based on the characteristics of theobservation variables. The integrated datasets are expected to facilitate the regional needs for oceanographic andmarine meteorological data with uniform standard and known quality.
Efforts had also been made on seeking cooperation with the existing systems such as ICOADS and WOD to avoid
overlapping and improve regional input to the Marine Climate Data System (MCDS).

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Section on Harmful Algae Bloom Meeting
S-HAB-P1

The detection of lipophilic toxins and hydrophilic toxins in shellfish collected from Chinese
East Sea
Lin Yang, Lei Liu, Renyan Liu, Daoyan Xu, Dongmei Li and Yubo Liang
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center (NMEMC), SOA, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: lyang@nmemc.org.cn

A study was conducted to compare the difference of lipophilic toxins and hydrophilic toxins in four seasons of
2006-2008 years from Chinese East Sea using HPLC-MS/MS and HPLC–FLD. It showed the levels of hydrophilic
toxins in spring and summer was significantly higher than in winter and autumn. In spring 2008, maximum total
PSP concentration reached 106.01 mg STX eq/100g tissue, was the highest concentration in this study. The results
revealed the toxin profiles had seasonal characteristics. The lipophilic toxins content was significantly lower thanhydrophilic toxins, do not present a health risk. This is the first report on the qualitative and quantitative lipophilic
toxins and hydrophilic toxins content and toxin profiles of 5 different main shellfish in 4 seasons from Chinese
East Sea.

S-HAB-P2

Prorocentrum foraminosum Faust (Dinophyceae) as a potential source of DSTs in thePeter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan (East Sea)
Polina A. Kameneva1,2, K.V. Efimova1,2, M.S. Selina1 and T.Yu. Orlova1
1

2

A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology of the Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Palchevskogo St., 17,
Vladivostok 690041, Russia. E-mail: kameneva.p.p@gmail.com
Far Eastern Federal University, Suhanova St., 8, Vladivostok 690950, Russia

The species identification of Prorocentrum foraminosum, which was earlier identified as P. lima based on lightmicroscopy, was confirmed based on the data of molecular analysis of SSU and D1/D2 regions of LSU rDNA.
The additional morphological studies of P. foraminosum by SEM revealed some new morphological features ofthis species. The clonal culture of P. foraminosum was acquired from the sample collected in one of the regionsof Peter the Great Bay Sea of Japan (East Sea) (43.021403 N, 131.930293 E). The toxin analysis of culture
samples was done in form of 4-bromomethily-7-methoxycoumarine derivatives using high-performance liquid
chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The presence on dinophysistoxin-1 (DTX-1) in
relatively high concentration was found both in cells and in culture media. The concentration of DTX-1 in cells
was 8.4 ± 2.5 pg/cell and, in cell-free media - 27.9 ± 14.7 μg/L. The study of the multi-year seasonal dynamics
of epiphytic assemblages of Peter the Great Bay has shown that P. foraminosum occurred regularly from April to
November. The highest cell abundance was recorded in June (1.5 х 103 cells/ g dry weight of macrophyta). This
species occurred very rarely and at low cells density in near-shore sands of Peter the Great Bay. The potential of
P. foraminosum to be the source of DTX-1 in the tissues of bivalves in the area is discussed.
This work was supported by Russian Foundation for basic research Grants № 15-04-05331 for collection of
biological material and microalgae culturing, № 16-34-00413 for analysis of toxins and Russian Science
Foundation (RSF grant No 14-50-00034) for molecular-genetic analysis.

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S-HAB-P3

Treatment of saline aquaculture wastewater with a constructed wetland
Zhengguo Cui, Keming Qu and Jianxin Zhu
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, 106 Nanjing Rd., Qingdao, Shandong, PR China
E-mail: qukm@ysfri.ac.cn

Constructed wetland, a new technique of wastewater treatment, has been widely used in fresh aquaculture
wastewater treatment but not in mariculture wastewater treatment. In present study, we established a laboratory
scale integrated vertical-flow constructed wetland (IVCW) to purify the mariculture wastewater. We examined
the removal efficiencies of the main pollutants and explored the composition and structure of the bacteria
community in IVCW using denaturating gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results suggest that the IVCW
efficiently removed ammonia nitrogen, phosphate and COD (92.82±3.27)%, (72.53±2.31)% and (66.04±8.23)%,
respectively. The results showed a variety of bacterial divisions in the IVCW. The quantities of the dominant
species were different in each layer of the IVCW. The Shannon-Wiener (H) of the down-flow tank was higher
than that of the up-flow tank and it showed a decreasing trend along the water flow. The Dice coefficient (Cs)of microbial community in each layer showed an inverse relationship between the distance along the waterflow and Dice coefficient. Six known bacteria groups including Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria,
Verrucomicrobia, Nitrospirae and Firmicutes were observed in the system, and Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes
were the dominant species. This study provide a theoretical reference for elucidating the removal mechanism ofcontructed wetlands for mariculture wastewater treatment.

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PICES-2016

POC Workshop (W8): Mesoscale and submesoscale processes in
the North Pacific: history and new challenges
W8-P1

Global distribution of mergers and splits of oceanic mesoscale eddies
Hiromu Ishiyama1, Hiromichi Ueno2, Masaru Inatsu1 and Sachihiko Itoh3123

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: ishiyamazzz@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, JapanThe University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, JapanThe global distribution of mesoscale eddy mergers and splits was investigated by analyzing a 21-year time seriesof satellite altimeter data. A neighbor-enclosed area-tracking algorithm that detects mesoscale eddy mergers andsplits was used to track each eddy identified using a sea level anomaly-based method. The frequency of eddy merger
and split varied among areas. Both merger and split occurred frequently in areas of western boundary currents andtheir extensions, areas of subtropical counter currents, the Indian Ocean, the North Pacific southeastern subtropicalregion, and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions. In these regions, the ratios of the minimum distance between
like-signed (or opposite-signed) eddies to the radius of eddies were mostly under 3.5, which is the critical merger
distance indicated by previous theoretical studies. This result suggests that the distance between eddies is a factor
that determines the distribution of mergers. Similar results were also obtained for Okubo-Weiss eddies.

W8-P2

Impact of mesoscale eddies on spring bloom initiation in the Japan Sea
Elígio de Raús Maúre¹, Joji Ishizaka², Chiho Sukigara² and Yoshihisa Mino²
12

Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Japan. E-mail: eligiomaure@gmail.com
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Japan

Spring bloom initiation timing influenced by mesoscale eddies was investigated in the region around Yamato
Basin (133-139º E and 35-39.5º N), Japan Sea, in a period spanning 2002-2011. Results indicated early bloom
initiation timing in cyclonic eddies compared to anticyclonic eddies. The initiation, within anticyclonic eddies,
was observed despite deeper mixed layer depth (~ 100 m) whereas mixed layer in cyclonic eddies was mostly <100 m. From the examination of net heat flux within eddies we found that the onset of spring bloom in cycloniceddies occurred in spite of large and negative heat flux while in anticyclonic eddies it was observed close to thecommencement of positive heat flux. These results revealed that processes controlling the depth of turbulent
mixing in anticyclonic eddies play an important role in the initiation timing whereas in cyclonic eddies the
temporal variation of mixed layer is of minor importance to the bloom onset.

W8-P3

Mesoscale eddies in the East/Japan Sea: Detecting methods and characteristics of eddy
properties
Kyung-Jae Lee and Kyung-Il Chang
Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea. E-mail: kjlee@curl.snu.ac.kr

A new hybrid eddy detection method are applied to the 1/4° gridded satellite altimeter data (SSH) to investigate
statistical characteristics of the mesoscale eddy field in the East/Japan Sea. The methods used include the vector
geometry-based method to detect eddy centers, and the SSH-based method to identify eddy boundaries. About
15 eddies are detected per SSH snapshot. Eddies mostly distribute in the interior of each of three deep basins.
Anticyclonic eddies are mainly detected south of the subpolar front, and they are more intense than cycloniceddies prevalent north of the subpolar front. In spring (March ~ May), the number of eddies becomes maximum,
but their intensity is the weakest. Mesoscale eddies in the East/Japan Sea do not show any westward propagation
tendency. Instead, they seem to be advected by major currents.
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POC Workshop (W9): The role of the northern Bering Sea inmodulating Arctic environments: towards international
interdisciplinary efforts
W9-P1

Seasonal dynamics of dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Bering Sea
Kirill Kivva
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: kirill.kivva@gmail.com

Dissolved inorganic nutrients are annually restored to the euphotic layer during winter mixing and serve as thebase for marine productivity. Despite the Bering Sea being one of the most productive and commercially valuable
marine ecosystems, receiving great scientific attention during the past few decades, research efforts on nutrient
dynamics in this area are regional and sparse in time. The objective of the present study is to investigate multiyear mean seasonal nutrient dynamics in the Bering Sea. The project is based on freely distributed oceanographic
station data from NODC (USA), BEST-BSIERP (USA), JAMSTEC (Japan), as well as data from TINRO-Center(Russia). This dataset has allowed us to delineate ecological regions using cluster and expert analyses of multiyear mean summer (July-September) distributions of temperature, dissolved oxygen, silicate, and phosphate at 10
and 50 m. The winter to summer transition of the ecosystem is assumed to be reflected in summer values of theseenvironmental parameters. Nutrient data were monthly averaged within regions. Results have revealed regional
differences in amplitude and time of seasonal nutrient draw-down, ΔSi/ΔN/ΔP-ratios, and multi-year mean net
community production. The upper 30-meter layer of the eastern Bering Sea shelf lacks nitrate and silica by Junesuggesting macronutrient limitation of primary production. However, macronutrients are present in the upper
layer of the deep basins even in summer, indicating possible limitation of phytoplankton by micronutrients. The
study is supported by RFBR, research project No. 16-35-00388 мол_а.

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MEQ Workshop (W10): Distribution and risk analysis ofradionuclides in the North PacificW10-P1

Effect of migratory life history on North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) uptake ofradiocesium
Delvan R. Neville, A. Jason Phillips and Kathryn A. Higley
Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA. E-mail: dnevill@gmail.com

The Fukushima Dai-ichi power station released radionuclides into the Pacific Ocean off eastern Japan in 2011.
Previous radionuclide releases to the ocean were either of much lower magnitude, released over a much larger
area or released in a continuous format. This pulsed-release provided an opportunity to examine how differencesin migration routes and population structure of North Pacific albacore affected their uptake of radiocesium.
Albacore samples collected (2011-2015) from two regions (North and South of 40° N) in the eastern Pacific were
tested for 134Cs and 137Cs. Pre-disaster control samples (2008) were also tested. Measurements made throughnow have shown almost no 134Cs in Southern region albacore and a mix of presence/absence of 134Cs (andassociated elevated 137Cs) in Northern region albacore. North albacore showed a positive correlation of 134Cs
and elevated 137Cs with length, which indicated that the smaller individuals generally had not recently migrated
from waters with 134Cs such as eastern Japan or the North Pacific Transition Zone. The spatial concentration
patterns for 134Cs suggest latitudinal migratory differences and limited mixing of N/S albacore in the eastern
Pacific. Albacore tissue contained radionuclide levels orders of magnitude less than both US FDA food standards
and natural 40K concentrations.

W10-P-11430

Application of environmental risk assessment for strategic decision making in coastal
areas: case studies in China
Kan-Kan Wu1, Luo-Ping Zhang2, Jiwei Zhang1 and Jianwei Wu1
1

2

Research Center for the Marine Environment Administration and Development Strategy, The Third Institute of Oceanography, State
Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: wukankan@tio.org.cn
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University (Xiang’an
Campus), Xiamen, PR China

Environmental risk assessment (ERA) is a powerful technical tool for analyzing potential and extreme adverse
environmental impacts, and has found wide application in supporting decision-making processes over the last two
decades. However, to date there has been no interrelated application of ERA to support the processes of strategic
decision-making (SDM), especially in coastal areas.
In this paper, we attempt to verify the feasibility of the proposed integrated ERA_SDM approach and its
methodology by applying it to two case studies (in Xiamen Bay and Luoyuan Bay) of the principal coastal
functional zoning (PCFZ, a kind of SDM and similar to the coastal and marine spatial planning in western). The
results show that the integrated ERA_SDM approach could integrate ERA into the entire SDM process, directly
support the PCFZ, and avoid or mitigate dire environmental risk that can be introduced by SDM processes.

290

PICES-2016

BIO Contributed Poster Session 1
Recent Progress in Deep-Sea Research and Conservation: Lessons
from Various Parts of the GlobeBIO-P1-1

Range-wide analysis of spatial distribution of Pacific flatnose Antimora microlepis in the
North PacificAlexei M. Orlov1,2,3,4 and Alexei A. Baitaliuk5
1
2

3
4
5

Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS), Moscow, Russia
E-mail: orlov@vniro.ru
Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia
Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia

Pacific flatnose Antimora microlepis is distributed exclusively in the North Pacific from the Bering Sea in the northto Taiwan, Hawaii and California in the south. This species has no commercial importance but constitutes regular
bycatch of deep-sea trawl, longline and trap fisheries and may occur in some areas in large amounts. Biology ofthis species is poorly understood, data on spatial distribution are limited by the Pacific waters off the northern
Kurils and southeastern Kamchatka. Here we present new data on spatial distribution of Pacific flatnose within
entire species’ range based on the data from Russian (TINRO-Center) and US (AFSC and NWFSC) surveys. The
analysis of our and literary data shows that reliable records of the species south of 20°N almost lack. Maximum
occurrence was characteristic for continental slope along the coasts of southeastern Kamchatka, Kuril Islands,
Japan (down to central Honshu), British Columbia, Oregon and northern California. High occurrence was also
observed in the Bering Sea from central Koryak coast to the Aleutians. Pacific flatnose occurred on seamounts
as well but less frequently. Catches of mid-water trawl reached 450 kg per h (mean 6.3) with maximum values
off Kurils and Japan. The species considered was captured as bycatch in Russian longline fishery in the western
Bering and Okhotsk seas and on Emperor Seamounts. Longline catches varied 0.1 to 164.2 ind. per line (mean5.3). During Russian bottom trawl surveys, Pacific flatnose was recorded in maximum amounts in the Sea of
Okhotsk, off the northern Kuril Islands and on Emperor Seamounts. Catches of standard 1 hour trawling reached74.5 kg with mean value 0.98. According to data of US bottom trawl surveys, maximum catches of species
considered were observed in the central Bering Sea. On the whole, catches in Alaskan waters and along US west
coast were 0.002 to 2.445 (mean 0.263) kg per ha. According to data of US observers on board of fishing vessels,
maximum bycatches of Pacific flatnose were observed in central Bering Sea and central Gulf of Alaska. Generally,
bycatches reached 5.7% of total catch (mean 0.0260 or 9333 kg per year per 400 sq. miles (mean 34.4).

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BIO-P1-2

Spatial distribution, size composition, and dynamics of abundance of Okhotsk skate
Bathyraja violacea in the North Pacific
Igor V. Grigorov1, Alexei A. Baitaliuk2 and Alexei M. Orlov1,3,4,5
1
2
3
4
5

Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: orlov@vniro.ru
Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS), Moscow, Russia
Dagestan State University, Makhachkala, Russia
Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia

Results of long-term research of spatial and vertical distributions, dynamics of abundance and size compositionof the Okhotsk skate Bathyraja violacea in the North Pacific are presented. This species is most abundant at
depths 200 to 400 m. During cold season they migrate to deeper depths (exception is the eastern Bering Sea),
during warm period they feed at shallower depths. The catches consisted of individuals with total length 12 to 132
cm with prevalence of skates with length 50-80 cm. Male and female Okhotsk skates did not differ notably bylength and body weight. Condition factor of skates from January to August decreased with subsequent increasing
since September. Among individuals with total length < 30 cm males dominated, in size group 30-60 cm females
prevailed, in size group 60-70 cm sex ratio was equal, among larger skates females predominated again. The
dynamics of abundance of Okhotsk skate in various areas differed. In the western Bering Sea and Sea of Okhotsk,
during the period of research catches successively increased. In the Pacific waters off Kuril Islands and Kamchatka,
increasing of catch rates was observed until mid-1980s – early 1990s with subsequent decreasing of relative
abundance. In the eastern Bering Sea, peak of abundance was recorded in mid-1970s with further decline. Off the
Aleutians, rise of catch rates was observed until early 1980s.

BIO-P1-3

Joint German-Russian deep-sea expeditions in the NW PacificAngelika Brandt1 and Marina V. Malyutina2,3Presented by Alexei Orlov
12
3

Zoological Museum, Centre of Natural History, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 20146 Hamburg, Germany.
E-mail: abrandt@uni-hamburg.de
A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
Far Eastern Federal University, School of Natural Sciences, Vladivostok 690059, Russia. E-mail: Russia m_malyutina@mail.ru

Study of deep-sea biota is important for understanding the global biodiversity and evaluation of biologicalresources. The aim of the current German-Russian deep-sea investigations in the NW Pacific is to study thebiodiversity and biogeography of benthos in different abyssal areas. Three joint expeditions have investigateddifferent abyssal environments: young semi-enclosed deep-sea basin of the Sea of Japan (SoJaBio-2010); open
ancient Pacific abyssal area off the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench (KKT) (KuramBio-2012) and having intermediatecharacteristics comparing to the first areas, the Kurile Basin of the Okhotsk Sea (SokhoBio-2015). Since the RV
Vityaz expeditions in the 20th century it was the first extensive biological investigations in the region with using
sampling gears and methodology standardised in the frame of the CeDAMar programme. For each sampled areamuch higher abundance and diversity of marine biota was retrieved than it was reported before. For the >500m
depths of the Sea of Japan with expected low biodiversity, number of the collected species (621) was 6 times
higher than former known. In the KKT area >1780 benthic species were collected at 5000–6000 m depths what
is at least 6 times exceeded the previously known number for these area and depths. In the Kurile Basin of the
Okhotsk Sea > 1000 species of benthic organisms were collected in contrast to about 50 species known there. The
abyssal macrofauna of the Sea of Okhotsk is richer than in the Sea of Japan and shows similarities to the abyssal
Pacific fauna. About 50% of all sampled species are new to science.
Highest abundance and species richness observed on the KKT slope made future exploration of the KKT hadal
depths very promising. It will be performed during the German-Russian expedition KuramBio II onboard the RV“Sonne” in August-September 2016.

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BIO-P1-4

A novel approach to estimating active carbon flux using the biomass size spectra
Lian E. Kwong1, Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2 and Brian P.V. Hunt1,3123Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
E-mail: lkwong@eos.ubc.ca
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada

Micronekton (size range 20-200 mm) play a critical role in global carbon cycling, through active transport of carbon
between surface and deep waters during their diel vertical migrations. Carbon transport is mediated via respiration,
feeding, excretion and mortality of migrating organisms. Because marine ecological processes are strongly size
dependent, it was proposed that patterns of active carbon transport via vertical migrations are correlated to bodysize and hence can be measured from a normalized biomass spectra. Sampling was carried out onboard the RV
Oscar Elton Sette during October 2004 along the southwest coast of Oahu Island using three micronekton gears(Cobb trawl, Isaacs-Kidd Midwater trawl, Hokkaido University Frame Trawl) and an acoustic echosounder (hullmounted, dual-frequency, split-beam Simrad EK60), during both day and night in the epipelagic (0 – 120 m) andmesopelagic (550 – 650 m) layers. A size-dependent inter-calibration of the micronekton gears was successfully
conducted for organisms ranging from 20 – 100 mm in length, and biomass spectra were produced. Approximately
63% of the total micronekton catch were undergoing diel vertical migrations. Depending on the trawl, the main
contributors in terms of biomass to active carbon transport were myctophids (11-32%), decapods (3-35%),
cephalopods (0-45%), and stomatopods (2-31%). Active carbon transport by vertically migrating micronekton
was estimated at 3.9 gCm-2day-1, confirming that these organisms play a significant role in active carbon flux
contributing substantially to downward carbon export. The biomass spectrum inferred that this contribution islargely size dependent, and will provide a promising new tool for assessing active carbon transport.

BIO-P1-5

Progress of Chinese deep sea research activities in recent 2 years
Yongling Zhu, Jiabiao Li and Yejian Wang
Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, PR China. E-mail: zhuylzhuyl@sio.org.cn

From November 2013 to April 2015, Chinese scientists used 3 Research Vessels with the name R/V “Dayangyihao”,
R/V “Xiangyanghong 9” and R/V “Zhukezhen” to prospecting the Mineral resources which located in the West
Pacific, Southwest Indian, Northwest Indian, and south Mid-Atlantic respectively. During the cruises, many new
equipments were used such as the manned submersible “Jiaolong”, deep-tow system, MAPR and ROV, Shallow
Drilling system etc. Crusts, cobalt nodule, Sulfide chimney, hydrothermal fluids, Vent-associated fauna samples,
as well as Giant zoobenthos samples were collected to help the scientists understand the distributions, geologicalcharacteristics of the mineral resources with their biochemical environment.

293

PICES-2016

BIO-P1-6

Georeferenced sensor, survey and sample data for the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents
Marine Protected Area
S. Kim Juniper, Karen Douglas and Reyna Jenkins
Ocean Networks Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. Email: kjuniper@uvic.ca

In 2003, the Canadian government proclaimed the Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area
(EHVMPA), on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, approximately 250 km offshore of Vancouver Island. Ocean Networks
Canada (ONC) operates a cabled observatory at several sites within the EHVMPA, and provides online accessto real-time and archived observatory sensor data to researchers worldwide. In 2014, DFO partnered with
ONC to build a geodatabase that combines observatory sensor data, multibeam bathymetry, and observations
made during ROV surveys and maintenance expeditions. The resulting geodatabase, assembled in ArcGIS,
integrates time-series and baseline data from all of these sources, together with relevant publications. Layers
include annual observatory infrastructure deployments, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) dive tracks, sampling
activity, anthropogenic debris, high-resolution bathymetry, observations of species of interest, and locations ofhydrothermal vents. Enhancements in 2015 and 2016 include support for links to annotated video logs from ROV
dives, seafloor characterization, integration of 3rd party data, improved structure, and fly-throughs. The end result
is a tool that can integrate many types of data to enable monitoring of environmental and human stressors that
impact the MPA, and support evidence-based management of a remote, dynamic and fragile environment.

BIO-P1-7

Biogeographical analysis of abyssal bottom habitats: Using an abiotic province scheme
and metazoan occurrence databases
Brandon M. Genco
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: bmgenco@hawaii.edu

Poster will present results of analysis of a Deep-Sea abyssal plain province scheme, using biological occurrence
data. The biological database CeDAMar, was compiled by the Census of Marine Life initiative. It is a comprehensive
database of metazoan records spanning from 1872-2005. Two versions of this database exist and are utilized.
The original unpublished version (CeDAMar) which includes a number of factors in addition to species records(including: sampling gear used, date of sampling, and recorded depth at site), and the version available online,
GBIF, which includes updated records after 2005, but primary data is limited to species occurrences.
The abiotic province scheme was created using a combined topographic, hydrographic, and physiognomic
approach. Where topographic features delineate provinces within basins, and abyssal habitats fall within the depth
range of 3500- 6500 meters.

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BIO-P1-8

Data-driven bioregions for local ecosystem context in species distribution models
Andrew McMillan1 and Anders Knudby2
1
2

Department of Geography, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada. E-mail: akmcmill@sfu.ca
Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CanadaSpecies Distribution Modeling (SDM) involves statistically relating species observations with co-occurring
environmental variables, and then using the observed relationships to map species distributions from spatiallyextensive environmental data layers. Biological interactions, while known to also influence species distributions,
are not explicitly taken into consideration in SDM. Biological interactions vary depending on local environmentand community composition, and environmental proxies must thus describe this local environmental context.
Alternatively, if a distribution model is calibrated with data constrained by local species assemblages, the model
can be considered to account for local species interactions. This project aims to define data-driven bioregions
based on the turnover of species assemblages. Values of species turnover were generated by applying the Gradient
Forest algorithm to trawl catch data from the Scotian Shelf, Canada. The turnover values were then plotted acrossprincipal components of environmental variables, and a cluster analysis was used to define distinct assemblages.
The assemblages were then overlain onto the study area using associated primary component values. Depth andtemperature were shown to be the most influential predictor variables in the gradient forest model. Three primaryclusters were found, dividing the shelf into eastern and western regions, with the deep water as a separate region.
Further validation of data-driven bioregion effects on SDM on the Scotian Shelf will require greater sampling indeeper waters.

BIO-P1-9

A time-series of epibenthic community turnover along a dissolved oxygen gradient
Ryan Gasbarro, Jackson WF Chu and Verena Tunnicliffe
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: rgasbarr@uvic.ca

As dissolved oxygen in the northeast Pacific declines, we need to assess the effects of oxygen loss on marine
ecosystems. Saanich Inlet, a seasonally hypoxic fjord, provides insight into the response of benthic communities
to marked spatial and temporal oxygen gradients. We examine a ten-year (2006-2016) time-series (n=13) remotely
operated vehicle (ROV) transects from 200 to 40 m depth encompassing anoxia through normoxia with counts of
epibenthic macrofauna. We extend results in Chu & Tunnicliffe [Global Change Biology, 21, (2015)] to include
the severely hypoxic year of 2016, in which animal distributions were greatly compressed causing overlap ofmobile species that sort to different depth ranges in less extreme oxygen gradients. We assess the utility of astatistic to detect spatial regime shifts in these assemblages. Data from all ROV transects are examined for criticaltransitions in dissolved oxygen levels at which different epibenthic community regimes occur. Fisher Information,
an information theory metric, was adapted to characterize the dynamic order of the system along a dissolved
oxygen gradient ranging from ~0.00 to ~5.00 mL/L. Three different regimes were seen in the benthic community:a highly ordered normoxic regime, a loss of order in a transitional zone, and a re-establishment of high order in the
hypoxic regime. The development of Fisher Information to determine critical transitions in community structure
may aid in creating community and/or regional level hypoxia thresholds in other systems.

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BIO-P1-10

Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area conservation and management
supported through institutional collaborations and interdisciplinary research
Benjamin Grupe1, Janelle Curtis2, Rachel Boschen3, John Jamieson4, Kim Juniper3, Sheryl Murdock3 and Verena
Tunnicliffe3
1234

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: ben.grupe@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada

The Endeavour Hydrothermal Vents Marine Protected Area (EHV-MPA) was established in 2003 and is managed
by Canada’s Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO). EHV-MPA is a conservation landmark, representing thefirst MPA established within Canada, the first deep-sea MPA in the North Pacific, and the first MPA establishedglobally to protect hydrothermal vents. More than a decade after its establishment, DFO is actively obtaining
information essential to the management of the EHV-MPA. The most recent survey in August 2016 combined
the expertise of scientists and environmental managers from DFO, the University of Victoria, and Memorial
University to improve the current knowledge of ecosystem function, community structure, habitat distribution,and geological settings of vent fields across the MPA. Using the ROPOS ROV, we conducted visual surveys,
collected samples, and deployed experiments as part of longer term studies. Collections of dominant community
types enabled us to document variation in taxonomic and functional ecology within and among sites representing
a gradient of environmental conditions. This work will allow ecosystem management guidelines to be tailored tothe ecology and vulnerability of particular vent fields and enable DFO to prioritise implementation of management
strategies across the extensive EHV-MPA (~90 km2). Geological and biological samples will be used to describe
the temporal succession of fauna and habitats on sulphide structures within the EHV-MPA. Similar features inother oceans will likely be mined before 2020. Knowledge of communities colonising extinct vent chimneys will
help to inform environmental management strategies as deep-sea mining projects take shape globally.

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BIO Contributed Poster Session 2
BIO-P2-1

Green tide (Entermorpha Prolifera) monitoring in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
using multi-sensor
Bin Zou1,2, Lijian Shi1,2, Maohua Guo1,2 and Tao Zeng1,212National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, PR China. E-mail: shilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn
Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, PR China

Entermorpha Prolifera, named green tide, over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea were first reported in summer
2008. Greed tides destroy the marine ecosystem, threat coastal tourisms and block the ship navigation when theygather over the coastal area. Based on the spectral characteristics of green tides, NDVI (Normalized Difference
Vegetation Index) and Floating Algae Index (FAI), the green tide over Yellow Sea and the East Sea was monitoredwith data MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectro-radiometer) operationally and the detection reports,
including the distribution range and coverage range, are given to the relevant authority and coastal city every day.
When the green tides move to the coastal area and influence the ship navigation and it need to be cleaned, theimages of HJ-1A/1B satellite’s CCD and GF-1’s WFV are used to supply the more detailed information with theirhigh spatial resolution. Based on the monitoring results with multi-source satellite remote sensing image of thepast few years, we can get the drift trend and distribution area of green tide by dynamic monitoring of drift pathand impacting marine area.

BIO-P2-2

Effects of temperature on embryonic development and paralarval behavior of the neon
flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii
Dharmamony Vijai1, Mitsuo Sakai1, Toshie Wakabayashi2, Yoshiki Kato1 and Yasunori Sakurai3
1
2
3

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Aomori, Japan. E-mail: vijai@affrc.go.jp
Department of Fisheries Science and Technology, National Fisheries University, Yamaguchi, Japan
School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan

Studies on the relationships between the early life stages of the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii andoceanographic conditions are essential for understanding the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of thisecologically and economically important species. In this study, O. bartramii eggs were artificially fertilized
and incubated at temperatures found in its known distribution range (16-26°C). Complete organogenesis withnormal successive cleavage and the distinct continuity of morphological features was limited to between 18 and
25°C. Exper- imental rearing, cruise-collected specimens, and oceanographic data confirmed that the optimal
temperature range for paralarval survival around Hawaii is 18 to 25°C. Embryos reared at 16°C showed abnormalorganogenesis; however, normal development resumed when the embryos were transferred to 22 or 24°C after
blastoderm formation. Hatchlings showed a variety of swimming behaviors, which may allow squid to regulate
their thermal distribution in the wild. Furthermore, ball formation and associated chromatophore expansion might
represent an apo - sematic adaptation to imitate unpalatable prey. This study highlights the flexible strategy of O.
bartramii embryo development and illustrates how information on paralarval behavior and oceanographic data(sea surface temperature) may be combined to improve our understanding of the factors that influence the survivalof this species.

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BIO-P2-3

Atlas of neon flying squid embryonic and paralarval development
Dharmamony Vijai1, Mitsuo Sakai1, Pandey Puneeta2 and Yasunori Sakurai2
1
2

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Aomori, Japan. E-mail: vijai@affrc.go.jp
School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan

Neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii is among the most commercially important squids in the North
Pacific, but little is known about its early life stages. In this study we investigated its embryonic and paralarval
development. Embryos were obtained through artificial fertilization conducted on board the research vessel Kaiyo
Maru during a cruise around the Hawaiian Islands in December 2013. We established an atlas for the normal
development of O. bartramii from fertilized egg to advanced stages of paralarvae. Based on morphological features,
different developmental stages could be clearly distinguished under a stereomicroscope. Though morphologybased identification of paralarvae to the species level is difficult, the present illustrations can complement othertools for species identification such as photographs and genetic analysis.

BIO-P2-4

Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in distribution of euphausiid Thysanoessa longipesfrom the northern Gulf of Alaska
Alexei I. Pinchuk and Kenneth O. Coyle
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA. E-mail: aipinchuk@alaska.edu

The euphausiids Thysanoessa longipes are distributed over the subarctic Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas, often
prevailing over co-occuring euphausiid species. In the northern Gulf of Alaska (GOA) they are an important preyfor many of the commercially harvested fishes and seabirds. However, despite apparent importance of T. longipes
for the local pelagic ecosystems, no analyses of spatial and interannual variability in T. longipes abundance andreproduction in relation oceanographic settings in the northern GOA have ever been done. The Pacific Decadal
Oscillation (PDO) and associated phenomena appear to be major drivers of oceanographic and biological variability
in the northern GOA. Over the last two decades the PDO repeatedly reversed between warm to cold phases,
providing a unique natural experiment on the response of the ecosystem to rapidly changing environment. Other
predominant euphausiid species demonstrated remarkably differential feedbacks to the alternating PDO phases,
largely dependent on the species biological traits. Based on long-term population surveys started in 1998, we test
the hypothesis that the combination of local topography and dynamic oceanographic settings of the northern GOA
facilitate two distinct T. longipes sub-populations: one in Prince William Sound fjords and the other offshore overthe continental slope. The alternating PDO phases markedly influenced reproduction in the offshore population,
while the fjord population appeared more resilient, which may dramatically increase their role in the coastal food
web.

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BIO-P2-5

Study on material cycling in the coastal waters and the role of the Kiritappu Wetland, inHamanaka Town, Hokkaido: An analysis using surf clam (Pseudocardium sachalinense)
as an environmental indicator
Xin Ba1, Naoko Kouchi2, Kentaro Watanabe3 and Masahiko Fujii1
1
2
3

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: mfujii@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Kiritappu Wetland Center, Hamanaka, Japan
Waterfront Vitalization and Environment Research Foundation, Naha, Japan

Suspension-feeding benthos surf clam Pseudocardium sachalinense, living on phytoplankton, benthic microalgaeand detritus, is one of the most important marine products in Hamanaka Town, Hokkaido Prefecture, Japan. We
measured stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios (δ13C and δ15N) and carbon-nitrogen (C/N) ratios of surf clam
(adductor muscle and stomach contents), oceanic particulate organic matters (POM), oceanic sediments, riverine
POM and soil as well as physical and chemical parameters such as temperature and salinity, chlorophyll-a andnutrients in April through September, 2015 in coastal areas in Hamanaka Town. We also examined the foodsources that support surf clam, the possible connection between wetland and coastal waters, and also spatial andseasonal variation. Our results show that the isotope and C/N values of surf clam and oceanic organic matterswere significantly different from those of riverine organic matters, and that there was no significant difference
among the fishing areas. This means that land-derived organic matter is not direct food source of surf clam andland-derived organic matter does not affect the coastal environment. Also, benthic microalgae and epiphytes are
considered to be the major food sources of surf clam in all sampling seasons since they have close isotope andC/N values to surf clam. The overall results imply that excess inflow of land-derived organic matter may harm
surf clam and the coastal environment, suggesting the importance of the importance of the role of the wetland andthe conservation.

BIO-P2-6

An overview of culturing and breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis in China
Xianhong Meng, Jie Kong, Kun Luo, Sheng Luan, Qiang Fu and Xiaoli Shi
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, QingDao, PR China. E-mail: mengxianhong@ysfri.ac.cn

Fenneropenaeus chinensis, distributed along the North-western coast of Pacific Ocean, has been one of the mostimportant fishery resources in the field of marine economy in China. Its farming history in China has been about 60
years according to the earliest written records from related research in 1952. In 1959, research on artificial rearing
and inshore cultivation was initiated. Techniques for large-scale industrial seed-stock production were broken
through in 1981, resulting in its farming peak period from 1987 to 1992 with total farming yield around 200,000mt
and its primary position in the mariculture field. Considerable attention was also focused on development of
more efficient culture modes such as industrialized culture and multi-trophic integrated culture since 1959. China
made new shrimp varieties selected for faster growth and greater disease resistance a priority especially after theoutbreak of white spot syndrome in 1993. The first new variety Huanghai No.1 was obtained in 2003 after seven
generations of selective breeding incorporating with biotechnology approach. Multi-trait selective breeding basedon BLUP estimation was applied to another new variety Huanghai No.2 in 2008, and more varieties have beenbred and well received by farmers. Development of modern molecular techniques will greatly promote further
shrimp breeding, as we have developed abundant SNPs to construct high-density genetic map for further QTL
analysis and genome selection, and can precisely detect the viral load using a TaqMan real-time PCR method.
These innovative approaches will unquestionably provide necessary technical and theoretical support for industry
development of F. chinensis.

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BIO-P2-7

Temperature effects on the egg development time and productivity of Acartia omorii andAcartia steueri
Yang Jin Jo and Won Gyu Park
Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: janey0428@naver.com

Copepods are important food resources for larval fish. Changes of sea water temperature driven by season
and climate change may effect on survival of copepods. Temperature effects on the rate of egg production andembryonic development of copepods, further population variations. Population variations of Acartiidae wasinvestigated based on weekly collected samples from the Dadaepo beach, Busan, Korea from August in 2015 toApril in 2016. Live copepods were also reared in the laboratory at five temperature regimes (10, 14, 18, 22 and26ºC) to test temperature effects on the egg production rate of Acartia steueri and the embryonic development
rates of A. omorii and A. steueri. Egg production rates, egg development time and hatching success rate weresignificantly correlated with temperature. Average egg production of A. steueri ranged from 8.8 to 35.0 eggs
female-1 d-1. The embryonic development time of A. steueri and A. omorii were longest at 10ºC and shortest at
22ºC. Optimal temperature for hatching success rates of A. omorii was between 14 and 18ºC while A. steueri was
between 18ºC and 22ºC. Total five Acartiid species occurred in the study area. A. steueri and A. omorii dominatedin colder season from January to April in 2016. In contrast, A. pacifica, A. erythraea and A. sinjiensis dominatedduring warmer months from August in 2015 and then decreased to December in 2016. This study indicated thatembryonic development rate can estimate temperature-dependent generation time and their population variations,which may affect the larval survival of fishery target species.

BIO-P2-8

Application of end-pairing sequencing technique for phytoplankton community analysis
in East Sea
Tae-Ho Yoon1, Hye-Eun Kang2, Ah Ran Kim1, Ji-Hyun Lee1, Soo Rin Lee1, Hyeon Jeong Hwang1, Sun Young1,
Hyun Park3 and Hyun-Woo Kim1,2
1
2
3Interdiciplinary Program of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: kimhw@pknu.ac.kr
Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea
Division of Polar Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, R Korea

We designed primers for phytoplankton community analysis using the Illumina MiSeq. The universal primer
set was designed to amplify the plastid 23S rDNA of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic plankton species, while
suppressing proteobacterial sequences. The obtained amplicon sizes (404 - 411 bp) by end-pairing of two reads
were enough to distinguish algal taxa. A total of 345 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) including Dinophyta,
Rhodophyta, Ochrophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Haptophyta, and Cyanophyta were found in six samples
collected from East Sea. In coastal surface samples, the lowest number of OTUs were identified whereas theopen sea surface samples showed the highest number of OTUs. Especially, OTUs belonging to the Ochrophyta
occupied > 80 % of the coastal samples. A major difference between the surface and deep waters of the open
sea was the increased populations of cyanobacteria, which occupied more than 20% of the total phytoplankton
community in the surface water of the open sea. By contrast, only 1 % of was occupied by cyanobacteria in coastal
waters. Further study should be made to know the relationship between community structure and physical orchemical factors. Based on our results, we suggest that metabarcording using illumina system will be a promisingstrategy to analyze phytoplankton community structure with relatively low cost and labor.

300

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BIO-P2-9

Boreopacific gonate squid (Boreoteuthis borealis) abundance and its relation to climate
indices in the Northwest PacificOleg N. Katugin, Vladimir V. Kulik, Gennady A. Shevtsov and Michael A. Zuev
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: vladimir.kulik@tinro-center.ru

Boreopacific gonate squid (Boreoteuthis borealis) is widely spread in the North Pacific Ocean and its marginal seas.
The species is highly abundant in the northwestern and southwestern Bering Sea, deep waters of the Okhotsk Sea
and around the Kuril Islands, and is not found in the Japan Sea. We selected several hotspots of squid abundancein the Northwest Pacific from the database “Marine Biology” to trace annual changes in the standardized species
quantity (CPUEi) and relate these changes to atmospheric indices.
We used generalized additive model for standardization of numbers. Coordinates with soap spline were constrainedby coastline as the barrier where needed, years and types of trawls as independent factors, months and logarithms
of depth, length of trawling and minimum size of squids in the catches were smoothed by splines or linearizedaccording to the best information criterions. We used negative binomial family with logarithmic link function.
We restored CPUEi of squid in every cell of grid for each year and then gathered statistics from the full grid.
We obtained comparable year to year CPUEi estimates eliminating misbalance in original data by quantity andpositions of stations by years, months and types of trawls. Since the squid CPUEi had several orders of magnitudein the response, we used CPUEi on the link scale to compare them with climatic indices. Only PDOs and Arctic
oscillation were significantly related with CPUEi of B. borealis in the Bering Sea.

BIO-P2-10

Pilot application of a framework to assess vulnerability of biological components to oil
spilled in the marine environment to the Canadian Pacific Region
Lucie Hannah, Candice St. Germain, Kate Thornborough and Miriam O
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Government of Canada, British Columbia, Canada
E-mail: lucie.hannah@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

A framework to assess the vulnerability of species groups to spilled oil in the marine environment has beendeveloped to support the development of oil spill response planning within the Department of Fisheries andOceans, Canada (DFO). The framework provides a structured and adaptable process to identify which marine
biological species sub-groups are most vulnerable to spilled oil, and to focus data collection for spill response
planning. The product of the framework is a list of species sub-groups identified as being most vulnerable tospilled oil , produced through the scoring of criteria in three categories (Exposure, Sensitivity and Recovery), anda screening process. The framework is being piloted in 4 locations (3 on the East Coast of Canada and 1 on the
Pacific coast of Canada). Here we describe the findings and challenges of the pilot application of the framework
to the Pacific Region of Canada (British Columbia). If successful, we anticipate this approach will be useful for
identification of biological components most affected by spilled oil in any marine environment.

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PICES-2016

BIO-P2-11

Geographical variation in the concentration and form of biogenic elements in the North
Pacific Ocean.
Hiroaki Saito1, Fuminori Hashihama2, Hideki Fukuda1 and Hiroshi Ogawa1
1
2

The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: hsaito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Shinagawa, Tokyo, Japan

Nutrient supply is one of the most important factors controlling marine ecosystem structure and productivity. In
most subtropical region, nutrient concentration is below the detection limit of conventional measurement method,
and the chlorophyll concentration is low. In addition to their small seasonal variability, subtropical regions havebeen recognized as homogeneous and stable environment. However, after the development of high-sensitive
methods for nutrient measurement, it was found that the variations in nitrate and phosphate concentration weremore than 3-order of magnitude within the western subtropical Pacific Ocean. We also applied the high-sensitivity
absorption photometry with LWCC (Liquid Waveguide Capillary Cell) for nutrients into particulate forms of P and
Si and also for DOP. The detection limits are 1-2 order higher than conventional methods. We used this methods
during Hakuho-Maru western North Pacific cruise and described geographical variation in the concentrationand form of biogenic elements. It is suggested that particulate forms of P and N, including phytoplankton andzooplankton, play an important role as a source of biogenic elements in the subtropical region of the North Pacific.
We will discuss contrastive dynamics of biogenic elemental between subtropical and subarctic ecosystems.

BIO-P2-12

The dietary response of the California sea lion population during the 2013 Unusual
Mortality Event
Stephanie E. Nehasil and Mark S. Lowry
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: stephanie.nehasil@noaa.gov

Variations in the diet of California sea lions have been shown to correlate with oceanographic conditions and broad
regional patterns of prey availability. Recently, the 2013 Unusual Mortality Event (UME) of California sea lion
(Zalophus californianus) pups in Southern California highlighted the need to better understand how changes in preyavailability within the California current ecosystem affected the sea lion population. The long-term (1981-2007)
means of seven common prey species and non-common prey groups found in scat samples collected seasonally at
San Clemente Island and San Nicolas Island were used to evaluate prey consumption by sea lions before, during,
and after the 2013 UME. The summer 2012 to fall 2013 data show below-average consumption of anchovy(Engraulis mordax) and sardine (Sardinops sagax) and above-average consumption of market squid (Doryteuthis
opalescens) and shortbelly rockfish (Sebastes jordani). Samples collected during spring of 2013 also show aboveaverage consumption of non-common prey, suggesting that sea lions diversified their diet to compensate for lessavailable common prey near the rookeries. Consumption of jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus) and Pacificmackerel (Scomber japonicus) differed between the two islands, indicating spatial differences in the diet. These
recent diet anomalies show that pup production and survival is poor when forage species are underrepresented in
the diet, and that the sea lion population is susceptible to changes in abundance and availability of common prey.

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BIO-P2-13

Density and distribution of seabirds on the Baja California Pacific islands, Mexico
David Martínez-Cervantes, Y. Bedolla-Guzmán, E. Rojas-Mayoral, M. Félix-Lizárraga, J.C. HernándezMontoya, A. Fabila-Blanco, E. Bravo-Hernández, A. Hernández-Ríos, A. Aguirre-Muñoz and F. Méndez-Sánchez
Grupo de Ecología y Conservación de Islas, A.C. Ensenada, Baja California, México. E-mail: evaristo.rojas@islas.org.mx

The Mexican Pacific islands off the Baja California Peninsula are particularly important because they provide
nesting sites for many seabirds. In order to better understand the population dynamics of a group of selectedseabird species and to evaluate restoration interventions, since 2013 we started a systematic monitoring. We havegathered information for several seabird species including the Black-vented Shearwater (Puffinus opisthomelas),the Cassin’s Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus), the Western Gull (Larus occidentalis), the Laysan Albatross(Phoebastria immutabilis), the Guadalupe Murrelet (Synthliboramphus hypoleucus) and the Leach’s Stormpetrel (Oceanodroma leucorhoa cheimomnestes and O. l. socorroensis). We have also conducted detailed studies
to assess the spatio-temporal nesting distribution and density of these seabird species on the Baja California
Pacific Islands. Nests distribution and density maps on the islands surface provide valuable information about the
population dynamics, habitat and resilience of seabirds, becoming an important tool for conservation management
and monitoring efforts. We have found that seabirds have a differentiated distribution on Baja California Pacificislands in relation to habitat availability. On Todos Santos, the Western Gull is densely distributed on the twoislands; on San Martín Island it prefers the west site of the island; while on Natividad Island it has a preference
for the northernmost and southernmost portions of the island. We have also determined seabird burrow density,
obtaining 0.05 burrows/m² for Black-vented Shearwater on Natividad Island and 0.24 burrows/m² for Cassin’s
Auklet on San Jerónimo Island.

BIO-P2-14

Synthesis of benthic macroinvertebrate diversity in coastlines of the Puget Sound before
and after shoreline restoration
Timothy S. Lee and Jason D. Toft
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: tim2lee@uw.edu

Armoring shorelines with bulkheads and ripraps can increase beach erosion rates and change hydrological &ecological processes, thereby altering natural habitats for shallow marine species. The shorelines of the Puget
Sound in Washington, USA provide valuable habitats for nearshore fish species (i.e. endangered Chinook Salmon)and diverse benthic macroinvertebrates that provide the staple diet for many fish populations. While over 25%of the Puget Sound shorelines are armored, many shorelines’ armoring has been continually removed throughrestoration. It is essential to understand how the changes of regional armoring alters benthic macroinvertebrate
community diversity-- a reliable indicator of shoreline ecosystem health. We collected benthic macroinvertebrates
from 2004 to 2015 with sediment cores at different tidal elevations in Seahurst Park in Burien, Washington, USA(restored in 2005). Using multivariate analyses in PRIMER-E software, we found few differences between themacroinvertebrate communities before and after restoration years; in the single year after restoration, however,
the macroinvertebrate communities changed greatly from pre-restoration as they were mainly dominated bynematodes instead of oligochaetes like other sampled years. Our synthesis showed that shoreline restoration
caused the greatest changes in macroinvertebrate communities at higher shoreline elevation through changing
densities of a few taxonomic groups in 2006. The macroinvertebrate community structures in the subsequent years
aligned closely with the communities prior to the restoration, suggesting that a more comprehensive synthesis
across different sites in the Puget Sound is needed to understand if restoring armored sites changes benthic
macroinvertebrate diversity, benefiting the greater coastal ecosystem as a whole.

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BIO-P2-15

Macromolecular compositions of phytoplankton in the Japan/East Sea
Keyseok Choe1 and Sang Heon Lee2
1
2

National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seocheon, Republic of Korea. E-mail: kschoe@mabik.re.kr
Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea

The macromolecular compositions (carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids) of particulate organic matter (POM) as
a basic food source through phytoplankton photosynthesis are useful information for their physiological status
and environmental growth conditions. Using colorimetric techniques, concentrations of these compositions wereconducted at three light depths (100, 30, and 1%) at 15 different stations on board in the Japan/East Sea, 2014. The
macromolecular compositions of the phytoplankton were not significantly different among different light depths
in this study. The overall average compositions of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids from all the stations were40.1% (S.D.=±9.6%), 31.9% (S.D.=±8.5%), and 28.0% (S.D.=±14.1%), respectively. Along with other evidence,
the high protein and low lipid compositions of POM in this study suggest that phytoplankton might have had nosevere nitrogen-limited condition during the cruise period, 2014. Based on the macromolecular compositions, theaverage food material concentration was 221.9 μg L−1 (S.D.=±108.0 μg L−1) and correlated positively with theprimary productivity in the Japan/East Sea.

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PICES-2016

FIS Contributed Poster Session
FIS-P1

Application of an age-length structured population dynamics model to data for eastern
Bering Sea tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi), Pribilof Island blue king crab (Paralithodes
platypus), and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
Caitlin I. Allen Akselrud and Andrè E. Punt
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: cia2@uw.edu

Fishery stock assessments are frequently based on either age-structured population dynamics or length-structured
dynamics. We have developed and implemented a model to account for both age and length dynamics for anindividual fishery. An age-length assessment model is unique in its ability to capture the dynamics of fishingmortality and natural mortality on fish populations, which are functions of both length and age. By accounting forboth factors, the age-length model should reduce estimation bias present in models that only account for age (orlength) dynamics, and assist managers in achieving statutory goals for fishery management.
Simulation studies have showed that the age-length models can provide essentially unbiased estimates of biomass
trajectories and have low sensitivity to the precision of the data. Here we evaluate these models using the actual
data for the Eastern Bering Sea Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi), Pribilof Island blue king crab (Paralithodes
platypus), and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) fisheries. These data include catches, fishing effort, and survey
index, as well as length-composition and conditional age-at-length. Survey and fishery data (including several
fleets) are available for each stock. We compare the results of our age-length model against current stock assessment
model results for each species. Uncertainty is characterized using Bayesian methods. Posterior distributions forparameters are sampled using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. Fit to the data is evaluated with a range ofdiagnostics, including posterior predictive intervals for the observed data.

FIS-P2Comparison of fish-killing activities of Chattonella antiqua and Chattonella marina against
three fish species and possible mitigation effect of alginate oligomer on Chattonella sp.
Mikinori Ueno, Tomoki Nishiguchi and Tatsuya Oda
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. E-mail: t-oda@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

Harmful algal bloom (HAB) is a serious environmental issue. Chattonella antiqua and C. marina are major
HAB species, and they cause mass mortality of fish leading to economic damage on aquaculture industry. In thisstudy, we conducted comparative study between C. antiqua isolated in Nagasaki in 2010 and C. marina isolated
in Kagoshima in 1985 by laboratory exposure experiments. We found that C. antiqua showed potent fish-killing
activity on red sea bream, Japanese horse mackerel, and blue damselfish, while C. marina showed no significant
toxic effects on these fish species. C. antiqua produced higher level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as
superoxide and hydroxyl radical than those of C. marina. Furthermore, analysis of the amounts of Chattonella
cells bound on the gill surface of blue damselfish exposed to Chattonella suggested that C. antiqua had higher
affinity on the gill surface than C. marina. These results suggest that ROS-producing activity and affinity of
Chattonella cells to gill surface may be important factors influencing the fish-killing activity of Chattonella
species. Under these circumstances, we examined the effect of alginate oligomer on the fish-killing activity of
Chattonella, and found that alginate oligomer showed partial protective effect on red sea bream exposed to C.
antiqua. Since alginate oligomer showed no significant toxicity on C. antiqua, it is considered that protective
effect of alginate oligomer may be due to the inhibition of the binding C. antiqua cells on the gill surface inaddition to ROS scavenging.

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FIS-P3

Reproduction and growth of the spiny lebbeid shrimp, Lebbeus groenlandicus (Fabricius,1775) (Caridea, hippolytidae) in the East sea of Korea
HoJin Bae and Chul-Woong Oh
Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: ohcw@pknu.ac.kr

Reproduction and growth of the spiny lebbeid shrimp, Lebbeus groenlandicus (Fabricius, 1775), were investigatedbased on samples in the East Sea of Korea, from January 2012 to April 2013.We collected 2,964 shrimp samples
during the study period, which included significantly more females than males (male : female ratio, 1.0 : 1.17).
The females were generally larger than the males, and significant differences in the linear-regression slopes ofcarapace length (CL) versus body weight between the sexes indicate sex-specific differences in allometric growth.
The gonadosomatic index (GSI) varied monthly, reaching a maximum in November 2012 (10.28) and a minimumin March 2013 (2.15). The proportion of ovigerous females varied from month to month. The highest values of the
GSI coincided with the breeding period, and there was a significant difference between the mean GSI of femaleswith non-eyed and those with eyed eggs, indicating that L. groenlandicus is a consecutive breeder. There was asignificant correlation between CL and the number of eggs in the early egg stages. Based on the dry weights inthe early egg stages, reproductive output was determined to be 0.18 ± 0.006. The Von Bertalanffy growth function
parameters were CL∞ = 38.80 mm, K = 0.48 year−1, C = 0.5, and WP = 0.4 for males, and CL∞ = 43.64 mm, K= 0.41 year−1, C = 0.6, and WP = 0.6 for females. The growth performance index (ϕ’) was 2.86 for males and2.89 for females.

FIS-P4

Linking Pacific Ocean perch productivity to deep-sea corals and sponges in Alaska
Christopher N. Rooper1, Jennifer L. Boldt2, Christina Conrath3 and Matthew Baker4
12
3
4

National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: chris.rooper@noaa.gov
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Kodiak, AK, USA
North Pacific Research Board, Anchorage, AK, USA

Pacific Ocean perch populations in Alaska support large commercial fisheries. This species has exhibited highlyvariable recruitment, with some evidence for density dependent affects. Late stage juveniles are often found in
distinctive nursery habitats (rocky areas with benthic invertebrates, such as corals and sponges). The objectiveof this study was to estimate the potential production of adult Pacific Ocean perch recruits to the exploitable
population from nursery habitats and estimate the potential additive effect of coral and sponge habitat to thisrecruitment. The data used were collected from underwater camera surveys, bottom trawl surveys and energetics
studies. The analysis also incorporated model results for the distribution of juvenile fish and the distributionof nursery habitats, as well as some simplifying assumptions. The findings indicate that on average, 257 age 2
recruits are produced per hectare of nursery habitat in the Gulf of Alaska. On average, there is roughly 1.08 kg ofcoral or sponge found in these habitats (per hectare). Doubling the biomass of coral and sponge could result in a
doubling of Pacific Ocean perch recruitment. These results indicate the potential importance of these habitats to
supporting commercial fisheries.

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PICES-2016

FIS-P5

Annual changes in distributions and abundances of dominant myctophid fishes in the
Pacific side of Hokkaido, Japan
Hiroki Yasuma1, Rintaro Koide1, Tetsuichiro Funamoto2, Hiroshige Tanaka2, Kazuyoshi Maekawa1, Nobuo
Kimura1 and Kazuhiro Sadayasu3
1
2
3

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: yasuma@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan
Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Japan

Myctophid fishes (family, Myctophidae) are the main components of the mesopelagic sound scattering layer andplay a significant role in the marine ecosystem of the Pacific side of Hokkaido island, one of the most importantfishing grounds in Japan. Acoustic-trawl surveys for myctophid fishes, covering shelf edge in the Pacific side of
Hokkaido, were conducted in the summer of 2014 and 2015 to know the species composition, species-specificdistributions, abundances of each species, and their annual changes. In both years, Myctophidae was composedof 8 dominant species and they occupied more than 90% (in number) of all mesopelagic fish community in eachtrawl. Then, distributions of the dominant 8 species were estimated quantitatively by acoustic data. Target strengthof each species was estimated based on the shape of the swimbladder or body and was used to allocate echoenergy in the sound scattering layer among species. In both years, the biomass of myctophid fishes estimated by
the acoustic method were significantly larger than previous trawling estimates, as reported by some recent studies.
Horizontal distributions and biomass in each species showed different patterns between two years. It is suggested
that fluctuations of dominant current structures, such as the Oyashio cold Current and warm-core rings from theKuroshio Current, potentially affected them.

FIS-P6

Cumulative effects of size-selective fishing on size-at-age of Pacific halibut in the northeast
Pacific Ocean
Jane Y. Sullivan1, Steven J.D. Martell2 and Gordon H. Kruse1
1
2

University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: Gordon.Kruse@alaska.edu
International Pacific Halibut Commission, Seattle, WA, USA

The biomass of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in the northeast Pacific Ocean has been declining since
the late 1990s, and reductions in size-at-age since the 1980s explain more than half of the observed decline inhalibut biomass. For example, on average an age-20 female halibut weighed 61 kg in the 1980s but weighed<21 kg in 2014. We hypothesize that declines in size-at-age are, in part, the result of size-selective fishing. An
age- and size-structured equilibrium model was developed to examine the long-term relationship between fishingmortality and size-at-age. Historical estimates of fishing mortality for Pacific halibut ranged between 0.18 and
0.60, with a mean of 0.40 over 2000-2014; fishing mortality was significantly higher in the eastern Gulf of Alaska
than in the central or western Gulf of Alaska. Results suggest that fishing can explain 30-100% of the observed
declines in size-at-age since the 1980s, depending on sex, age, and region. Given that length-at-age for any givencohort is highly variable, Pacific halibut are vulnerable to the cumulative effects of size-selective fishing. The
most effective management action to potentially reverse trends in size-at-age would be to reduce harvest rates todiminish the intensity of size selection. Additional research is needed to better understand the potential for othermechanisms to the observed variability in size-at-age of Pacific halibut.

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PICES-2016

FIS-P7

Age and growth of damselfish Chromis notata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1843) in the Jeju
Island, Korea
HanJu Kim, HoJin Bae, SeongEun Kim, JungYeon Kim, KyungTae Lee and Chul-Woong Oh
Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: ohcw@pknu.ac.kr

This study was to investigate age and growth of damselfish Chromis notata from the Jeju Island in Korea. Samples
were monthly collected by liftnet from September 2013 to August 2014. The total length of the damselfish ranged
from 6.4 to 15.3 cm. The relationship between total length and Wet weight wasfor females, and W
for males.
The slopes of the relationship between length and weight were not significantly different between sexes but asignificant difference in intercepts. Females had more specimens than males (1.3:1). The spawning season for C.
notata was from June to August. Age determination was conducted using otolith. Marginal increment (MI) declined
in summer and winter, which suggests that two rings are formed each year. The age of the sampled individuals ranged
from 1 to 5 years. The estimated Von Bertalanffy growth functions wereforfemale and 3.94 for male.

females;

for males. The growth performance indices (were 3.92 for

FIS-P8Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan
1844) in the coastal area of Tongyeong, Korea
SeongEun Kim, HoJin Bae, JungYeon Kim, HanJu Kim, KyungTae Lee and Chul-Woong Oh
Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: ohcw@pknu.ac.kr

Growth and reproduction of the Japanese mantis shrimp, Oratosquilla oratoria (De Haan 1844), were investigatedbased on samples from July 2014 to August 2015 in the Tongyeong, Korea. A total of 2,621 samples was collected(1,380 females and 1,241 males) during the study period. The number of female was observed more frequently
than that of male. The mean body length (BL) was 128.54 ± 0.38 mm in females and 126.87 ± 0.42 mm inmales, respectively. The mean body weight (BW) was 31.23 ± 0.28 g in females and 31.06 ± 0.32 g in males,
respectively. The females were larger than males in BL. There was a significant difference in the length-frequency
distributions between females and males. A linear regression analysis was lnBW=2.8498(±0.0235) lnBL-10.4339
of females and lnBW=2.8727(±0.0272) lnBL-10.5153 of males, respectively. The gonadosomatic index (GSI)
varied monthly. The GSI reached a maximum in May and a minimum in November. The highest values of the GSI
coincided with the spawning period of O. oratoria. Larger individuals of O. oratoria have earlier spawning season
than smaller ones. The size at sexual maturity (BL50) of females was estimated as 96.5 mm. The Von Bertalanffy
growth function parameters were BL∞ = 184.5 mm, K = 0.72 year−1, C = 0.36 and WP = 0.45 for females and BL∞= 183.75 mm, K = 0.82 year−1, C = 0.38 and WP = 0.22 for males. The growth of males were slightly faster thanfemales. We have discussed the reproduction strategy of O. oratoria in terms of trade-off between growth andreproduction.

308

PICES-2016

FIS-P9Effects of submarine groundwater on feeding and growth of juvenile marbled flounder
Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae in the Seto Inland Sea, JapanJun Shoji, Masaki Hata, Koji Fujita and Takeshi Tomiyama
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Japan. E-mail: jshoji@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Submarine groundwater is nutritionally rich and stable in temperature throughout the year, indicating positiveeffects on fishery production under a variety of changes in environmental conditions including global warming. A
recent study indicated that juvenile marbled flounder Pseudopleuronectes yokohamae were abundant around thearea with high submarine groundwater discharge in the Seto Inland Sea, southwestern Japan. In order to examine
effects of submarine groundwater on feeding and growth of juvenile marbled flounder, physical and biologicalsurveys and on-site cage experiments were conducted in coastal waters of Seto Inland Sea. Fish sampling was
conducted by the use of a push-net (0.3 x 1.5 m, 2 mm mesh). Invertebrates (crustaceans and polychaetes, as prey
for the fishes) were collected with a bottom plankton net (0.3 x 0.4 m, 1 mm mesh) and a sediment sampler (10 x10 cm circular cylinder). On-site experiments were made using cages (0.9 x 0.9 x 0.3 m, 5 mm mesh) with cultured
juvenile marbled flounder inside. Biweekly sampling from March to May showed high juvenile abundance ofin April with elevation of juvenile abundance around the area of high submarine groundwater discharge. The
dependence of food webs on organic matters of terrestrial origin was examined by stomach contents and stable
isotope analyses. Stomach contents of the juveniles were dominated by gammarids and polychaetes. Cage
experiments showed that recent juvenile growth rates back-calculated from the otolith daily rings were higher inarea with high submarine groundwater discharge.

FIS-P10First report on an annual gametogenesis of Hyotissa hyotis (Linnaeus 1758), the subtropicaloyster in Jeju Island off the south coast of Korea
Hyun-Ki Hong1, Hee-Do Jeung2, Chang-Keun Kang3 and Kwang-Sik Choi1
12
3

Jeju National University, Jeju, R Korea. E-mail: skchoi@jejunu.ac.kr
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI), Kunsan, R Korea
Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwnagju, R Korea

Hyotissa hyotis is a subtropical oyster distributed in Indo-Pacific to Eastern Pacific regions. This oyster has been
extending its distribution range from tropic or subtropical to Jeju Island off the south coast of Korea, possibly
due to the recent seawater temperature increase. In the present study, we first investigated an annual reproductive
cycle and energy storage and use of H. hyotis collected from southern coast of Jeju Island, from March 2011 to
February 2012. The annual gametogenesis was analyzed using histology and protein carbohydrate levels in the
body and adductor muscle were determined using spectrometry. H. hyotis in Jeju Island were fully ripe in August,and subsequently spawned during September and November, with a spawning pulse in October. H. hyotis had
extraordinary large adductor muscle, accounted for 47.6-55.6% of the total body weight. Ratio of the adductor
muscle weight to the total body weight varied seasonally, which was negatively correlated to maturation of the
gonad. Carbohydrate level in the adductor muscle was significantly higher than the level in other tissues. The
carbohydrate contents in the muscle increased during spring, when the food availability was higher in the watercolumn, then declined during spawning. Our data suggested that H. hyotis store the energy in the muscle and the
adductor muscle is an energy storage organ.

309

PICES-2016

FIS-P11

Spawning migration tracking of adult pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) using supersonictelemetry
Makoto Tomiyasu1, Hokuto Shirakawa2, Yuki Iino3 and Kazushi Miyashita2
123Graduate School of Environment Science, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: lion-heart@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan

Behavioral ecology in fish spawning influences on results of fish reproductions directory should be understoodfor resource managements of target fishes. In Japan, resources of pacific herring (clupea pallasii) have been
lower conditions from 1960’s; many of studies about their spawning have conducted until now. However, theknowledge of behavioral ecology of adult herring including spawning migration is poor, because of the difficultyof behavioral monitoring for such small pelagic fish. In this study, we tracked spawning migration of adult pacificherring by supersonic telemetry to verify a timing of migration to spawning grounds and a behavioral process still
spawning. For the acoustic tracking, living adult herring of regional group (n=23) caught by set net at Akkeshi
bay in east Hokkaido in Japan were used. The survey was conducted on April that a number of herring peaks at
Akkeshi. Mainly two migration patterns were found (pattern1: staying at Akkeshi bay, pattern2: rapid migration
to Akkeshi lake which is brackish water lake adjacent the bay). On the pattern1, individuals stayed within thebay during 1–3days; after that, they dispersed to out of the bay. In contrast on the pattern2, individuals showed
rapid migration to the lake during 24 hours. Besides, some individuals were re-capturing at eelgrass bed in thelake which is typical spawning bed for herring. From these, the pattern 2 is indicated to be for spawning, and thepattern1 is before or after spawning migration. Spawning migration span is estimated to be comparatively short,during 4–5days.

FIS-P12Multiple-trait genetic evaluation of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in
China
Jie Kong and Sheng Luan
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: kongjie@ysfri.ac.cn

As the primary cultivated species in the world, the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, has accounted
for more than 80% of the total shrimp production in China. A genetic improvement program was performed toincrease the production and profits of L. vannamei culture in China. The target traits included body weight andsurvival at different temperatures and different densities, resistance to ammonia nitrogen and low temperature,
feed efficiency, meat yield and reproductive efficiency. First, a base population of L. vannamei was establishedin 2011, and genetic relationships of several hundred founders were reconstructed using SSR markers by the
maximum likelihood method. Genetic evaluation showed that heritabilities of body weight, survival, ammonia
nitrogen tolerance, cold tolerance, feed efficiency, meat yield and reproductive efficiency were 0.19-0.45, 0.050.19, 0.08-0.154, 0.03, 0.17-0.51, 0.12 and 0.06-0.19, respectively. As the most interesting trait, body weight
exhibited a low genetic correlation with survival (−0.008), high negative genetic correlation with cold tolerance(-0.77), high positive genetic correlation with ammonia nitrogen tolerance (0.83) and moderate genetic correlation
with meat yield (0.32). In addition, a low genotype by environment interaction (G×E) for body weight (K < 0.5)
and a high G×E for survival (k > 0.5) were found in L. vannamei. The results show that there are substantial
additive genetic variance for body weight, survival, resistance, feed efficiency and meat yield in the Pacific white
shrimp that can be exploited through multiple-trait selective breeding.

310

PICES-2016

FIS-P13

Climate and feedback structures influence the populations dynamics of small pelagic fish
off Chile
Mariella Canales1, Mauricio Lima1, Ursula Cifuentes2 and Antonio Aranis2
12Center of Applied Ecology & Sustainability (CAPES), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Santiago, Chile
E-mail: mariella.canales@gmail.com
Instituto de Fomento Pesquero, Valparaíso, Chile

The dynamics of the abundance of the small pelagic fish such as anchovies has been described as modulate by several
factors such as the temperature, availability of food, oxygen, cannibalism and interspecific predation between
others. In doing this, the methodological approach to identify these drivers has been to correlate environmental
variables (e.g. sea surface temperature) with population variables (e.g. recruitment). Although correlation studies
can be useful for detecting relationships between variables and for showing common signatures in the time orfrequency domain, they can fail to provide explanations based in general and basic population dynamics principles.
Here, we use the approach of dynamical systems theory to identify the ecological process underlying the dynamics
of the time series of small pelagic fish populations off the Chilean coast. We assume that the population dynamics
of anchovy (Engraulis ringens) and common sardine (Strangomera bentincki) are the result of the combined
effect of the feedback structure (ecological interactions within and between populations), limiting factors (foodlimitation) and climatic and anthropogenic effects. We used R-function (realized per capita population growth
rates) to understand how these endogenous and exogenous effect determine the biomass fluctuations. As proxies
for food we used Chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature. El Niño 1+2 and 3.4 temperatures and MEI index
were used as climatic variables and fishing effort as anthropogenic effect. We will be presenting initial results of
how these factors and the population feedback structure modulates anchovy and sardine dynamics of Chile.

FIS-P14Age validation and growth rate of Mactra chinensis (Bivalvia, Mactridae) by chondrophoreJung-Yeon Kim, Ho Jin Bae, Han Ju Kim, Seong Eun Kim, Kyung Tae Lee and Chul-Woong Oh
Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, R Korea. E-mail: ohcw@pknu.ac.kr

Age, growth and mortality of Mactra chinensis were investigated during the period from October 2012 to
September 2013 in Busan, South Korea. The monthly variation of the marginal index (MI) of the shell andchondrophore showed that the ring of this species was formed once a year during July. We estimated the age of M.
chinensis by reading the external rings on the shell and the growth bands of the chondrophore to compare growthparameters between the two growth characters. The age of this species ranged from 0 to 8 years (shell-based age
reading) and from 0 to 10 years (chondrophore-based age reading). Based on external rings and growth bandsof chondrophore for the same period, the von Bertalanffy growth functions were expressed by the equation, Lt =101.53[1-exp{-0.15(t+0.75)}] and Lt = 90.03[1-exp{-0.20(t+0.50)}], respectively. The likelihood test showed that
there was a significant difference in L∞ (P<0.001), K (P<0.001), to (P<0.001) estimated from non-linear regression
between the two growth characters. We deduced from the present study that the chondrophore growth bands
method is more efficient than the external rings method for determining the age of M. chinensis.

311

PICES-2016

FIS-P15

Ontogenetic changes and interannual variations in diet of Japanese jack mackerel(Trachurus japonicus) juveniles in the East China Sea
Chiyuki Sassa, Satoshi Kitajima, Kou Nishiuchi and Motomitsu Takahashi
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213,
Japan. E-mail: csassa@fra.affrc.go.jp

We examined and compared the diet of pelagic juveniles of Trachurus japonicus [8–30 mm standard length(SL)] in the surface layer in April, and subsequent demersal juveniles (25–105 mm SL) in the near bottom layer
during May to June sampled in the shelf-break region of the East China Sea (ECS) in 2005, 2008, and 2009. Diet
composition of the pelagic juveniles showed a significant difference between 2005 and the other two years. Thatis, they preyed mainly on Paracalanus parvus and occasionally on Calanus sinicus in 2008 and 2009, while fed
mainly on Corycaeus affinis in 2005, which corresponded with the interannual variations in the prey densities inthe epipelagic layer. After habitat transitions from the surface to the near bottom layers, the demersal juveniles
depended heavily on C. sinicus (copepodite stage Vs and females) and halocypridid ostracods, both of which
stored lipid in the body, i.e. high-energy food for T. japonicus. There was no significant interannual variation indiet of the demersal juveniles, possibly indicating that food availability did not differ greatly among the three
years. Meanwhile, the food availability for the pelagic juveniles in 2005 was considered to be markedly lower
than those in the other two years, based on the diet composition, prey densities in the field, and carbon content of
prey items. This corresponded with the lowest growth and survival rates of the pelagic juveniles in 2005 among
the three years, and would potentially relate to the lowest recruitment level of the demersal juveniles on the ECS
shelf in 2005.

FIS-P16

Changes in biomass of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus in the East Sea: The late1980s regime shift
Minkyoung Bang1,2, Chan Joo Jang2, Sukyung Kang3 and Suam Kim4
12
3
4

Ocean Science and Technology School, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: b910111@kiost.ac.kr
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Ansan, R Korea.
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea.
Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea.

Walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus, hereafter pollock) was one of the most dominant species in Koreanwaters in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but its biomass has decreased since the late 1980s and was completely
collapsed in the early 2000s. Especially, in the late 1980s, the catch production of pollock in Korean waters wereconsiderably decreased: for example, the catch production was declined by about 71 % from of 84,545 M/T in1985 to 24,217 M/T in 1989. Such a considerable decrease has been attributed to overfishing and climate change,
without concrete evidence. In this study, we investigated how the decrease in biomass of pollock was related
to environmental changes in Korean waters using atmospheric data (air temperature and wind) from Korean
Meteorological Administration and oceanographic data (sea surface temperature) from Korea Oceanographic
Data Center). A CuSum analysis reveals that both sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric variables (airtemperature and wind) show a regime shift in late 1980s when the pollock was significantly declined. The regime
shift seems to be related with an increase in frequency of the sea surface temperature higher than 12ºC above
which pollock larval survival rate may be considerably low. Our results suggest that climate changes, in addition
to overfishing, could contribute to the stock collapse of pollock in the early 2000s.

312PICES-2016

FIS-P17Growth, migration and trophic interactions role of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes
bartramii) in the North Pacific
Yoshiki Kato1, Mitsuo Sakai2, Makoto Okazaki3, Maki Noguchi4 and Hiromichi Ueno5
1

2
3
4
5

Marine Fisheries Research and Development Canter, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: kyoshiki@affrc.go.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hachinohe, Japan
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan.
Research and Development Center for Global Change, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan.
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.

The neon flying squid, O. bartramii, is getting a significant amount of attention not only due to commercial
fisheries stock but also a keystone species in food web in the North Pacific. However, their feeding ecology andmigration ecology have been mostly examined by traditional methods. Nowadays, stable isotope profiles along
the gladius made of chitinous shell have been recently analyzed and seem to be a promising tool to produce achronological record of dietary information over their lifetime. In this study, δ13C and δ15N values were measured
along the gladius to reconstruct O. bartramii feeding variations and migration behavior of the autumn cohort
during ontogeny. Stable isotope profiles along the gladius (internal chitinous shell) have been recently analyzed
and form a promising tool to back-calculate a chronological record of changes in the diet and habitat.
The results of δ13C values support previous studies which inferred differences in migratory behavior between
males and females. These differences occurred from 260 mm mantle length. Based on this result, we are trying
to develop a bioenergetics model for this species. Our model was based on NEMURO.FISH, using respirationand consumption terms and assumed that SST and prey zooplankton density are the determining factors of the
reduction of body size. SST and prey zooplankton density are obtained from the result of NEMURO embedded in
3-D physical model, along the migration route of O. bartramii.

FIS-P18

Importance of early life transports for recruitment of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus
in the Sea of Japan off Hokkaido Island
Mizuki Kuga1, Shoko Abe1, Yosuke Igeta1, Hiroshi Kuroda2, Tomonori Azumaya2 and Tetsuichiro Funamoto2
1

2

Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1-5939-22 Suido-cho, Chuou-ku, Niigata,
Niigata 951-8121, Japan
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 116 Katsurakoi, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. E-mail: tetsuf@fra.affrc.go.jp

The northern Japan Sea stock (JSS) of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus (formerly Theragra chalcogramma)
is mainly distributed in the Sea of Japan off Hokkaido Island. Although this stock is an important fisheries
resource in Japan, recruitment has been decreasing since around 1990, and recent biomass is only about 10% of
its historical peak in the 1990s. Hence, an appropriate stock management in consideration of recruitment control
mechanism is essential for JSS. Because strong positive correlation is observed between juvenile abundance andrecruitment, it is likely that survival at egg and larval stages significantly affects JSS recruitment. In addition,
the nursery ground is separated from the spawning grounds, suggesting an importance of early life transport for
JSS recruitment. In this study, particle-tracking experiments using the hydrodynamic data produced by JADE
(Japan Sea Data Assimilation Experiment) was conducted to investigate the influence of egg and larval transports
on JSS recruitment. Particles were released at the spawning grounds, and the numbers of particles which weresuccessfully carried into the nursery ground (hereafter “survival particles”) were computed. As a result, highpositive correlation was recognized between the number of survival particles and JSS recruitment. Moreover, if
particles which experienced water temperature <2ºC and >7ºC were eliminated, higher positive correlation wasobserved. It is suggested that passive transports and experienced water temperature during early life stages are
significant for JSS recruitment.

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FIS-P19

Successive recruitment of age-0 jack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) in coastal areas
along the Kuroshio
Kazuo Ishikawa1, Sachihiko Itoh1, Chikako Watanabe2, Manabu Shimizu3, Tsutomu Tokeshi4, Masaharu
Nishiguchi4, Daisuke Hashida5, Toshiyuki Ohkawa6, Shigeo Harada7, Masahiro Kuno8, Yuki Suzuki9 and Shozo
Takamura10
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
E-mail: kazu-ishikawa@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan.
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan.
Miyazaki Prefectural Fisheries Research Institute, Miyazaki, Japan.
Fisheries Research Center, Ehime Research Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Uwajima, Japan.
Kochi Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Susaki, Japan.
Wakayama Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, Kushimoto, Japan.
Mie Prefecture Fisheries Research Institute, Shima, Japan.
Izu Branch, Shizuoka Prefectural Fisheries Station, Shimoda, Japan.
Sagami Bay Experimental Station, Kanagawa Prefectural Fisheries Research Institute, Odawara, JapanJack mackerel (Trachurus japonicus) inhabiting coastal areas in the temperate western North Pacific is an
important fisheries resource in East Asian countries. The main spawning ground is located in the southwestern partof the East China Sea, which is thought to supply young fish to areas along the East China Sea and those along theKuroshio and the Tsushima Warm Current. In the Pacific coastal areas of Japan along the Kuroshio, commercial
catch of age-0 jack mackerel increases from early spring to summer, which apparently follows the occurrenceof spawning in the main spawning ground from late winter to early spring. Although this suggests the transport
along the Kuroshio, few studies quantified the characteristics of the transport and recruitment processes into thecoastal fishing grounds. As there also are local populations in some of semi-enclosed coastal areas, distinguishingits contribution from that of the main spawning ground in the East China Sea is also important. In the present
study, daily landing records of set net, purse-sein and dip-net fisheries for age-0 jack mackerel at seven prefecturesof Japan were analyzed together with the temperature data of buoy arrays along the Kuroshio, to examine thetransport and recruitment processes, including the net speed of the transport, short-term fluctuation patterns oflanding, and the relevant physical oceanographic processes. The results show a propagation pattern of landing
pulses along the Kuroshio from west to east. The time lags of the pulses are, however, not linearly related to the
distance between the fishing grounds. In the presentation, temperature fluctuations around the landing pulses andtheir physical characteristics are also discussed.

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FIS-P20

Biodiversity patterns and changes in the fishery ecosystem of the Yellow Sea and the East
China Sea
Shufang Liu and Zhimeng Zhuang
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, PR China
Email: Zhuangzm@ysfri.ac.cn; liusf@ysfri.ac.cn

The Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, one of the most important ecosystems in the Western Pacific Region, arerich in species diversity and of significant service function to regional social economic development. Aimed at theimportant fishery resources in the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea, By taking the following research strategies
as fishery resources survey, evaluation of population dynamics, molecular and chemical markers, the multivariable
analysis of morphological characteristics, together with the integrated analysis to histological and experimental
data of cross-strait fishery resources, the overall trend of fishery species composition and their spatial distribution
was clarified. The diversity characteristics of the functional groups within the fishery ecosystem was described.
, The patterns and changes of genetic diversity in those key species was revealed and the relationship between
genetic patterns and marine geographical changes was elucidated. The form, distribution and spreading patternsof the key populations including Larimichthys polyactis, Engraulis japonicus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Sepia
esculenta were described. The influences of paleoclimatic changes on these key populations were also analyzed.
Consequently, the biodiversity patterns and changes in the fishery ecosystem of the Yellow Sea and the East China
Sea were elaborated at such three levels as species, functional group and genetic diversities. The results of thisstudy provided the scientific basis for the marine biodiversity protection and sustainable utilization of fisheryresources.

FIS-P21

Bare hooks and other species interactions with benthic longline gear can influence hookbased abundance indices
Shannon G. Obradovich1, K. Lynne Yamanaka2 and Murdoch K. McAllister1
1
2

Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: obradovichs@gmail.com
Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.

Fisheries-independent longline catches are used as an index of abundance for some benthic species. Hidden
processes not observed from the longline vessel may bias the interpretation of these indices. These processes
may include interspecific competition, species-specific feeding behaviours, bait defense and bait removal, bothby species observed caught on the longline and species that are rarely caught or unobserved. Spatial or temporalvariation in the abundance of unobserved species may influence the capture of the target species, inducing a bias
in the temporal trends of the abundance index. Alternative indices that account for the catch of non-target species,
like the species-specific instantaneous rate of bait removal (λs), can help with interspecific competition, but cannot
account for processes hidden underwater. Furthermore, estimation problems arise when making assumptions
about bare hooks that return with neither bait nor catch. To improve our understanding of hidden processes
influencing benthic longline catch rates, we conducted an experiment using a Remotely Operated Vehicle to
make underwater observations of benthic longlines fishing for inshore rockfish. We observed the sources of barehooks underwater and searched for similar species-related patterns in the on-deck catch. We also discovered thatlarge sea stars cover baited hooks, but 70% do not appear on the longline vessel, so we corrected the Yelloweye
Rockfish λs index for this hidden competition, which altered the temporal trends in some areas. Understanding thehidden processes influencing longline catches helps ensure that the abundance indices driving stock assessments,and management decisions, are interpreted correctly and unbiased.

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FIS-P22

Disentangling the impact of regulation and climate on vessel productivity: A case studyof the Leatherback Turtle Conservation Area Closure and the California drift gill net
swordfish fisheryJames R. Hilger1 and Kristin H. Roll2
1
2

NOAA Fisheries Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: james.hilger@noaa.gov
University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway

This research analyzes California’s drift gillnet swordfish (Xiphias gladius) fishery to provide a characterizationof vessel-level production and investigates the impact of a recent regulatory measure. Building on the fisheries
production literature, a parametric translog approach is used for the characterization of the primal production
technology of the fishery in terms of variable and fixed economic inputs, and factors such as El Nino conditions,target species biomass, and disembodied technical change. The production model is framed in a treatment-control
difference-in-differences framework to investigate the effect of a regulatory time-area closure on the fishery.
Estimation of production function parameters using Generalized Method of Moments facilitates the calculationof production elasticities for variable and fixed economic inputs, and other factors including El Nino conditions
and target species biomass. Difference-in-Difference parameter estimates suggest the regulation has a statisticallysignificant negative impact on productivity. These set of results provide empirical findings as to the drivers ofvessel productivity; these findings may be used to bolster conservation and management efforts.

FIS-P23

Does returning sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) condition vary with climate in two
BC rivers?
Angeleen M. Olson, Emma S. Pascoe, Jacob Weil, Elena Buscher, Will Duguid, Cameron Freshwater, Skip
McKinnell and Francis Juanes
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: juanes@uvic.ca

Knowledge of the size and condition of returning Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) is important forunderstanding the timing of life history events, and may aid in predicting future stock biomass to set annual limits
and catch allotments. Although condition in Sockeye Salmon is known to be influenced by inter and intraspecificinteractions and environmental factors, effects are likely time and stock specific. We use historical (1914-1943)
and contemporary data of length (mm), weight (g) and age data from the Nass River and Rivers Inlet, British
Columbia, Canada to examine how large-scale oceanographic conditions influence condition-at-age of returning
Sockeye Salmon. These populations provide a useful comparison since Nass River sockeye salmon are still
harvested commercially, while the Rivers Inlet stock has not recovered from a collapse in the 1990s. We used linear
regression models to explore possible relationships between condition-at-age and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation(PDO), sea surface temperature (SST), and the Aleutian Low Pressure index (ALPI). Preliminary results suggest
different response of condition-at-age to climate variables in the Nass and Rivers Inlet. In the dominant age
class of Nass River Sockeye Salmon (age 2.2), condition-at-age increased in response to increasing PDO values,
and decreased in response to increasing ALPI scores. Condition-at-age in the dominant age class in Rivers Inlet(age 1.3) decreased in response to increases in both PDO and ALPI. Further exploration of the climatic forces
influencing Sockeye Salmon condition-at-age in the two populations will contribute to the understanding of recent
and future population trends.

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FIS-P24

Pacific sand lance in the San Juan Islands: synthesis of research 2010-2016
Matthew R. Baker1, Marielle Beaulieu1, Nicolas Sisson1, Alyssa Tinnon1, Katie Cieri1, Laurel Speed1, Olivia
Graham1, Annie Thomson1, Jennefer Lopez1, Mary Rood1, Alicia Highland1, Nathan Guilford1, Thomas Pham1,
Kailee Bynum1, Charlie Heller1, Morgan Eisenlord1, Gary Greene2, John Aschoff2, Beth Matta3, Thomas Helser3,
Dayv Lowry4, Phil Dionne4 and James Selleck4
1
2
3
4

University of Washington, Friday Harbor Laboratories, San Juan Island, WA, USA. E-mail: mattbakr@uw.edu
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, California State University, CA, USA
Age and Growth Laboratories,
Species and Ecosystem Science Division, Washington Department of Fish and Game, Olympia, WA, USA

Research developed in the Pelagic Ecosystem Research Apprenticeship at the University of Washington Friday
Harbor Laboratories has led to the development of a seven-year time series on Pacific sand lance in the San Juan
Archipelago. Although Pacific sand lance are one of the most important forage species in Northern Hemispheremarine systems, many unanswered questions remain about their abundance, distribution, habitat, life history,
population structure, diet, diel and seasonal behavior, availability to predators, and response to environmental
conditions. Our research has led to several important insights. This presentation details diet composition, provides
evidence of crepuscular behavior, and explores trends in diet and condition that respond to environmental
conditions and season progression. Acoustic data suggests movements in relation to tides and currents and markrecapture results and analysis of otoliths suggest movement between nearshore and offshore benthic habitats andthe spatial structuring of the population according to life stage. Our field results demonstrate strong associations
with sediment type, in correspondence with laboratory analyses. In partnership with collaborators at the Moss
Landing Labs we map distribution for the species throughout the San Juan Channel. We also investigate the timeseries, providing evidence for cyclical dynamics and suggesting the importance of age-structure in the recruitment
dynamics of this important forage fish species. The intent of this talk is to communicate results related to thisresearch program, explore possibilities for collaboration, and determine how this ongoing program might address
information needs and related to forage fish in the North Pacific.

FIS-P25

Quantifying and evaluating implications for trawlable and untrawlable habitat
Matthew R. Baker1, Wayne Palsson2, Mark Zimmermann2, Chris Rooper2 and David Somerton2
1

NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: Matthew.Baker@nprb.org

NOAA bottom trawl surveys provide crucial fishery-independent data on the relative abundance of stocks andlife history parameters for a wide range of marine taxa. Survey data are used to assess species abundance anddistribution, understand physical conditions and biological interactions, support retrospective analyses, and better
inform ecosystem structure and manage marine resources. Despite the broad coverage and high utility of thisdata, not all bottom types or oceanographic conditions accommodate this survey method. Understanding whatbathymetric features, substrate types, and physical conditions preclude successful trawls is important to efforts
to determine potential biases in survey data and the relative accessibility of various habitat types and species
to this survey method. Using National Ocean Service smooth sheets soundings and sediment observations, weevaluated physical attributes associated with habitat in the Gulf of Alaska that supports bottom trawl surveys
and contrasted that with habitat designated untrawlable. Random forest methods were used to evaluate therelative influence of a suite of benthic terrain (e.g., depth, slope, rugosity, curvature, sediment) and oceanographic
predictors (e.g., current, aspect). We examined the marginal importance of each physical predictor, quantified the
response gradient, and applied a piecewise regression to determine threshold breakpoint values. On the basis ofthese thresholds and their interactions, predictive maps of trawlable habitat have been developed. This work alsodetails the characteristics of trawlable and untrawlable habitat and the implications for the relative availability ofparticular habitat types and species to resource assessment surveys.

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Section on Human Dimensions Contributed Poster Session
S-HD-P1

Linking traditional knowledge and ecological studies to improve understanding ofparalytic shellfish poisoning and enhance sustainability of shellfish harvest in Southeast
Alaska.
Elizabeth D. Tobin1, Ginny L. Eckert1 and Thomas M. Leschine2
12

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: edtobin@alaska.edu
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) is a persistent problem in Alaska that threatens human health and availabilityof shellfish resources. Shellfish are an important traditional food for many Alaskans, but regular outbreaks of
PSP caused by the toxic marine alga, Alexandrium sp., make recreational and subsistence harvest unsafe. Within
the last 5 years, there have been 35 reported cases of PSP in Alaska, including 2 fatalities. This study aims toenhance sustainability of shellfish harvest in Southeast Alaska by examining natural and human dimensions of
the PSP problem. We conducted interviews and mapping exercises with recreational and subsistence harvesters
to document local and traditional knowledge (LTK) about how communities experience and respond to PSP and
inform ecological research efforts. Timing and locations of safe and unsafe shellfish harvest have been passed onorally within communities through generations. Distinct spatial patterns of shellfish toxicity in the Icy Strait regionof Southeast Alaska were revealed from interviews. Longtime (>30 years) harvesters did not report any noticeablechanges in shellfish toxicity over time. This LTK was used to investigate benthic populations of Alexandrium
cysts in an intensive regional-scale effort to identify potential sources of toxic blooms. The expansive coastline
and routine shellfish harvest in rural communities impose significant challenges for biotoxin management andresearch in Alaska. Integration of LTK and ecological inquiry is one approach to overcome these challenges andcan provide insight on long-term toxicity patterns, identify community adaptation strategies, and determine thesocial and ecological features that support sustainable shellfish harvest.

S-HD-P2

Implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management in U.S. Fisheries
Erin Schnettler1, Michael Waine1 and Wesley Patrick2
1
2

National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, USA. E-mail: erin.schnettler@noaa.gov.
Ministry for the Environment, Wellington, New Zealand

Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) is a systematic approach to fisheries management that recognizes
the combined physical, biological, economic and social interactions among the affected fishery-related componentsof the ecosystem, and specifically addresses how competing objectives and cumulative impacts should be used to
optimize benefits across a diverse set of societal goals. For over twenty years, the U.S. National Marine FisheriesService (NMFS) has made great strides in advancing the science behind EBFM and implementing management
measures that align with the principles of EBFM. However, documentation of these successes has been lacking.
This poster will identify the extent to which NMFS and U.S. Regional Fishery Management Councils (Councils)
have been implementing the principles of EBFM in its management efforts. This information is critical as NMFS
moves forward with implementing EBFM and discussing EBFM issues with policy makers, scientists, managers
and our stakeholders. This poster will feature case studies documenting the implementation of key guiding
principles of EBFM within U.S. fisheries.

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PICES-2016

S-HD-P3

Ecological service value assessment and distribution of seaweed aquaculture in China
using GIS
Lv Han, Ye Guanqiong and Xia Meisheng
Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, PR China. E-mail: lhcs2013@zju.edu.cn

According to the FAO statistics in 2013, large-scale seaweed aquaculture of China has become the most importantpart of the world, accounting almost 50% to seaweed aquaculture yield. In addition to its great economic value,
seaweed aquaculture has huge value of ecosystem services. Seaweed is considered as the most promising biofilter,
which can utilize carbon dioxide and release oxygen through the process of photosynthesis, improve PH and takeadvantage of the water-soluble inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus. Moreover, seaweed aquaculture can relocate
plant production from land to the ocean, which avoids a suite of impacts and costs associated with agriculture
such as loss of ecosystem services from transformation of ecosystems into crop and pasture land, consumption of
freshwater and application of pesticides and fertilizers, which are rarely considered in the researches of seaweed
ecological service value assessment. Considering the importance of ecological service of seaweed and theimperfection of current evaluation system of ecological service value of seaweed, what this study aims to do is asfollows: Firstly, to establish more systematic evaluation model to evaluate ecosystem service value of seaweed
in China, by which to analyze value changing of seaweed ecological service from 2000 to 2015. Secondly, toestablish a model of regional spatial distribution in which statistical data and district correspond to each otherby integrating GIS and Chinese fishery statistics yearbook. Thirdly, to conduct field investigations of several
representative districts so as to verify the accuracy of the model which is mentioned above in the second aspect.

S-HD-P4

Valuing the loss of ecological benefits of wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay based on
choice experiments
Jingmei Li
School of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: jingmeili66@163.com

This paper aims to evaluate the loss of ecological benefits, caused by wetland reclamation, based on choice
experiment method in Jiaozhou Bay. By reviewing literature and consulting experts, we divide the wetland
restoration attributes into four parts: wetland area, vegetation cover rate, water quality and biodiversity in thewetland. By sampling 293 residents in Jiaozhou Bay at random, we also evaluate the willingness to pay about
different wetland restoration attributes in Jiaozhou Bay: the willingness to pay is RMB 321.78 per year in orderto restore each attribute to the baseline level. Then we can figure out that the loss of ecological benefits caused
by wetland reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay is RMB 767 million per year. The result further shows that the change
of wetland area is the first most important concern of local residents, while the improvement of water quality is
the second most important concern. Therefore, the government should make a proper restoration policy in which
enlarging the wetland area should be the key point.
Keywords: Jiaozhou Bay; Reclamation; Choice experiments; Willingness to pay; Loss of Ecological services

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S-HD-P5

Alaska’s sablefish fishery after Individual Fishing Quota program implementation-A
bioeconomic analysis
Keith R. Criddle1, Stephanie Warpinski2, Mark Herrmann2 and Joshua A. Greenberg2
1
2

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: kcriddle@alaska.edu
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA

Alaska is the world’s principal supplier of Sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria a buttery-flavored whitefish greatly
prized in Japan. Sablefish are distributed from Baja California to western Japan but the majority of commercial
catches are from the Gulf of Alaska and the Aleutian Islands off Alaska. Landings volume and value of this longlived demersal fish are comparable to those of the better-known Pacific Halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. Like
Pacific Halibut, Alaska region catches of Sablefish are managed under an Individual Fishing Quota (IFQ) program
implemented in 1995. We present a simultaneous equation market model for Sablefish and use the model to examine
linkages between landings volume and exvessel prices and revenues including the sensitivity of Alaska exvessel
price and revenue to changes in landings, to changes resulting from the implementation of IFQs and to changes
in the Japanese economy. Model simulations indicate that markets could absorb substantially more Sablefish thancan be sustainably harvested from the current stock of Alaska region Sablefish. However, sluggishness in theJapanese economy has resulted in overall downward pressure on Alaska region Sablefish exvessel prices. Model
simulations indicate that IFQ implementation in this fishery significantly increased exvessel revenues, beyond
what they would have increased, as a consequence of longer seasons that resulted from an end of the race-for-fish.
In addition, we find that IFQ implementation has helped buffer the fishery against revenue losses associated with
reduced catch limits triggered by the decline of Sablefish biomass in the Alaska region.

S-HD-P6

Evaluation of sustainability of fisheries products around Japan: Sustainable, Healthy and“Umai” Nippon seafood (SH“U”N) Project
Yoshioki Oozeki1, Juri Hori2, Toyomitsu Horii2, Ryutaro Kamiyama2, Ryo Kimura1, Tatsu Kishida2, Masashi
Kiyota4, Mitsutaku Makino2, Keiichi Mito2, Hiroyuki Shimada5, Shinji Uehara3, Hiroki Wakamatsu2, Shingo
Watari2, Shiroh Yonezaki4 and Hiromu Zenitani2
1
2
3
4
5

Headquarters, FRA, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: oozeki@afrc.go.jp
NRIFS, FRA, Yokohama, JapanJSNFRI, FRA, Niigata, Japan,
NRIFSF, FRA, Yokohama, JapanNRIFSF, FRA, Shizuoka, JapanThe SH”U”N project, launched by the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), will deliver acomprehensive and peer-reviewed evaluation on the sustainability of the fisheries products around Japan. Based on
the four science-based essential pillars for fisheries sustainability, i.e., stock dynamics, ecosystem, socio-economic
influences, and governance performances, a transparent evaluation procedure was designed following the criteriaof the United Nation’s Food and Agriculture Organization’s Code of Conduct and eco-labelling guidelines. The
SH”U”N Project will provide comprehensive information on the sustainability of Japanese fisheries products, andserve as an outreach tool of FRA’s research activities for the general public (consumers) and the stakeholders ofJapanese fisheries (producers, processors, retailers, etc.).

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PICES-2016

MEQ Contributed Poster Session
MEQ-P1

Evaluation of organic matter and trace metal contamination in Korean coastal sedimentusing geochemical assessment techniquesJung-No Kwon1, Jae-Hyun Lim1, Young-Sug Kim1, Youngchul Park2, Sang-Soo Kim3, Kee-Young Kwon4 andDong-Woon Hwang1
1
2
3
4

Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, R Korea. E-mail: dwhwang@korea.kr
Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Tongyoung, R Korea
South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Yeosu, R Korea
Research and Development Planning Division, NIFS, Busan, R Korea

We measured grain size, organic matter (IL, COD, AVS), and trace metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Pb andZn) in surface sediment collected at 218 stations in 2014 to evaluate the organic matter and metal contaminationin Korean coastal sediment. Surface sediments are composed of various sedimentary types from muddy gravel toclay. The southern coast consists mainly of finer sediments, whereas coarse sediments are dominated in the eastern
coast and western coast. The concentrations of organic matter and trace metals in sediment were relatively higher
in southeastern coast where many industrial complexes and large-scale fish and shellfish farms are concentrated,indicating that the metal concentrations in the sediment are influenced by anthropogenic inputs associatedwith human activities in the coastal zone. Even though there no significant anthropogenic sources, the highconcentrations of As, Cd, Hg, and Pb were also observed in eastern coast. This may be related to coarser sediment(i.e. gravel and sand) with high natural metal concentrations and atmospheric deposition. According to the resultsof sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), enrichment factor (EF), and geoaccumulation index (Igeo), Korean coastal
sediments were little polluted for Cd and moderately polluted for As. Based on the overall distribution of organic
matter and trace metals and the results of pollution load index (PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI), the surface
sediment in the southeastern coast were significantly polluted for organic matter and most of all metals and thesehigh concentrations could have an adverse impact on the benthic organisms.

MEQ-P2

Rapid determination of organochlorine pesticides in fish using selective pressurized liquid
extraction and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Minkyu Choi, In-Seok Lee and Rae-Hong Jung
National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, Republic of Korea. E-mail: mkchoi3@korea.kr

A rapid automated extraction and cleanup method using selective pressurized liquid extraction was developed
and validated for 14 organochlorine pesticides in fish. The lipid-removal efficiencies achieved by adding alumina,
Florisil, acid-treated silica gel, and silica gel to the extraction cell were determined and optimized. In the optimized
method, fish (2.3 g) was placed above alumina (30 g) in the extraction cell, then the sample was extracted using a
7:3 mixture of hexane and dichloromethane. The method was validated using certified reference materials (NIST
SRM 1946 and 1974c), spiked fish, and four lipid-rich fish samples. The mean low- and high-concentration spikerecoveries were 91% and 93% with RSD < 20%, respectively. Measured concentrations of target OCPs showed
good agreement with the certified concentrations in certified reference materials. It suggests the good accuracy
and precision of the SPLE method. The proposed method met the most important requirements of an extraction
and cleanup procedure, including having a short preparation (cleanup and concentration) time and minimal sample
contamination and being able to be automated.

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MEQ-P3

Estimation of carrying capacity for oyster farming in Korea and its economic benefits
Hyung Chul Kim, Sok Jin Hong, Won Chan Lee, Jeong Bae Kim, Jin Ho Kim and Woo Sung Jung
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Republic of Korea. E-mail: hckim072@korea.kr

Mean production quantity from coastal aquaculture system of Korea as a function of coastal length is over 500
kg/km/year which is the best in the world with China (FAO, 2009). The growth rate of mariculture organisms has
been decreased in Korea due to an intensive aquaculture over the food quantities of organisms. And so, estimationof ecological carrying capacity is required in Korean mariculture system to make a sustainable development andan integrated management based on ecosystem.
We estimated an ecological carrying capacity of Geoje-Hansan Bay where intensive Pacific oyster (Crassostrea
gigas) aquaculture is prevailing. Scenario analyses using an ecological model show that about 136 million dollarsof additional economic benefits are obtained in 10 years if we reduce 25% of present oyster facilities in G-H Bay.
To adopt this research results on the fields, we need to resolve conflicts among stakeholders and make policy
decisions of management authority.

MEQ-P4

Sediment oxygen consumption rate and hydrogen sulfide release by dissolved oxygen
depletion in hypoxic area of the Gamak Bay, Korea
Taehee Lee and Young Baek Son
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, R Korea. E-mail: thlee@kiost.ac.kr

This study investigated sediment oxygen consumption rates and geochemical characteristics of sediment in
hypoxic area of the Gamak Bay based on the chamber experiments and geochemical analyses. The organic carbon
contents of surface sediment in the Gamak Bay showed that the inner bay area has higher organic carbon content
than those of the outer bay. They toward the outer bay, contents dropped off. The vertical profiles of calcium
carbonate (CaCO3) content at piston core sediment assumed that the hypoxia have been frequently occurred
during past century in the northern inner bay. The benthic chamber experiments were conducted in February, May,
August and November 2010, 2011 in the hypoxic area of the Gamak Bay. In the sediment incubation experimentwith chamber at site C3 in the northern inner bay and site C17 in the southern outer bay, the sediment oxygen
consumption rate ranged from 3.98 mmol m-2 d-1 to 12.43 mmol m-2 d-1 and 3.28 mmol m-2 d-1 to 8.18 mmol m-2 d-1,
respectively. When the oxygen was completely depleted, the toxic hydrogen sulfide was released with 1.38 mmol
m-2 d-1 and 1.3 mmol m-2 d-1, respectively.

MEQ-P5Modeling pollution contribution rate for watershed management in Masan Bay
Won Chan Lee, Sokjin Hong, Hyung Chul Kim, Jinho Kim and Woo sung Jeong
Marine Environment Management Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: phdleewc@korea.kr

TMDL (Total Management Daily Load) might be the best management practice for heavily coastal pollution, butsometimes need complement to improve water quality of specific area. An eco-hydrodynamic model was used
to assess marine pollution contribution rate of land-based loading in Masan Bay, Korea. We conducted to water
quality response analysis targeting COD and TP as actual contribution rate comparison. The model shows northregional streams impact on inner bay and SWTP (Sewage Waste treatment Plant) effect on entire in Masan Bay.
However, the contribution rate of north streams on inner bay is COD 20 % and TP 62 %, respectively. SWTP on
inner bay is COD 3% and TP 0.2%, respectively.
To improve water quality in the inner bay, it is necessary to reduce the nutrient pollution loading. Marine pollution
contribution rate could help to improve pollution in specific area by assessing the contribution rate rather thanquantitative terms.

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Thus our research offers necessary scientific foundation to the priority of watershed management efforts in thisarea.

MEQ-P6

Estimate the contribution of submarine groundwater discharge to the biologicalproductivity in coastal waters by the stable isotope signal recorded in the shell
Osamu Tominaga1, Ryo Sugimoto, Saori Nishi, Nanami Horibe, Makoto Yamada, Jun Shoji, Hisami Honda,
Shiho Kobayashi and Makoto Taniguchi
Fukui prefectural Uniiversity, Obama, Japan. E-mail: tominaga@fpu.ac.jp

Submarine Groundwater Discharge (SGD) is often characterized by high concentration of nutrients anddocumented as an important pathway between land and sea contributing to the biological productivity in coastal
waters. However, to our knowledge, no scientific information about the relationship between environmental
conditions of SGD and the extent of biological productivity of the primary consumers is available. The carbon
stable isotope composition of dissolved inorganic carbon (δ13CDIC) is generally different between SGD (low
δ13CDIC) and sea water (high δ13CDIC). Bivalves record chemical and biological environment-signal in their shell.
In this study, to examine whether the δ13C of bivalve shell (δ13CSHELL) reflect the δ13C DIC of the ambient water ornot, we conducted the rearing experiments of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum under laboratory and field
conditions. Manila clam was reared at three different salinity regimes in the laboratory. There was a high positive
correlation between δ13C DIC and salinity ( p<0.001). Although the significant difference among different salinity
was not found ( p>0.05), the δ13CSHELL reared at low salinity was tend to be lower than that at high salinity. The
field experiment was carried out at 6 sites under different SGD condition in Obama Bay, Japan from July toAugust 2013. There was a high negative linear relation between δ13CSHELL and Radon 222 (222Rn) concentration ofeach rearing site (p<0.01) ,which is a useful tracer of SGD. In conclusion it seems that the δ13CSHELL shows somepossibility of being proxy for environmental reconstitutions of submarine groundwater discharge.

MEQ-P7The design of an integrated Sino-Vietnam marine and island environment information
management system deployed in Beibu Gulf
Jianwei Wu, Jiwei Zhang, Ling Cai, Keliang Chen, Yang Luo and Jinlong Jiang
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, PR China. E-mail: wujianwei@tio.org.cn

The Beibu Gulf is a transnational bay between China and Vietnam. It raises Sino-Vietnam marine coordinationand management issues. To support the requirement of improving the understanding of its status on marine
environment and ecology, enhancing the capacity on marine environment management, and providing informationand technical support for marine environmental & ecological protection and pollution accident response in Beibu
Gulf, an integrated Sino-Vietnam Marine and Island Environment information management System (BGMIES) is
designed in this paper. The collected and processed satellite remote sensing data, drone image shoots, and otherbasic geographic information of Beibu Gulf, also the oilspill diffusion simulation and ecological risk assessment
models would be involved to form the basic system data base and model base. The 2D and 3D GIS, and 360 degree
panoramic display techniques are synthetically employed to form a perspective system user interface. On accountof different business requirements, such as Marine Environment Risk Early Warning, and Marine Ecological Risk
Assessment, BGMIES would be separated into different subsystems. While it is ultimately put into use, BGMIES
would be extremely expected to provide comprehensive marine environment information to service the public, thenature reserve management departments and the government departments in the Beibu Gulf RIM area.

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MEQ-P8The Levels of Total Phosphorous, Total Nitrogen, in sediments from ST06 areas, SouthSea, China
Haiyan Wang1 and Daxiong Han2
12

Third Institute of Oceanography, State oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China. E-mail:wanghaiyan@tio.org.cn
Department of Pharmacy, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen,China

The marine biogeochemistries of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorous have come under increased scrutiny becauseof their close involvement in climate change and coastal eutrophication. The present study aims to contribute to
the knowledge of their status through investigating the level and distribution of TN, TP of the surface sediment
samples from ST06 areas, South Sea, China. The analysis results show that the contents of TN and TP in thesediments were 0.74-12.48 and 0.071-0.45 mg/g, respectively, the average values were 6.05 and 0.29 mg/g,
respectively. The distribution trend of Total nitrogen and total phosphorus presented obviously the same matter,namely, the concentrations from offshore samples were lower than that from nearshore samples. The highest
value of total nitrogen appeared at the station ZD MJK 563,while the highest value of total phosphorus occurredat station ZD MJK 542. The sites are located in coastal area, suggesting the impact of human activities on themarine environment. TN:TP in the surface sediments are in the range of 6.02-31.7, the average is 20.7, which issignificantly higher than that of Redfiled than 16:1. According to the C:N ratio, it could be deduced that nitrogenmainly came from terrigenous nitrogen, similarly, phosphorus mainly came from terrigenous phosphorus. In
addition, the change trend of TN, TP and TN:TP in sediment was consistent with the change of nutrient content
in water.

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MONITOR Contributed Poster Session
MONITOR-P1

Distribution of the CDOM(Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter) in spring of 20122014 at southwestern East(Japan) Sea
Hyeon-Sil Park and Mi-Ok Park
Pukyong National University, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: mopark@pknu.ac.kr

CDOM (Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter) is known to play a variety of roles in the ecosystem andbiogeochemical cycles of the ocean as well as the climate change as a new CO2 source. The studies about
CDOM in Korean coastal waters are scarce. We measured the concentration of CDOM at the southwestern
East sea(Japan Sea) in spring in order to find distribution pattern of CDOM and controlling factor of CDOM
dynamics. The average of absorption coefficients (a355) at the surface water in May 2012~2014 were 0.161± 0.042 m-1(range:0.067~0.265 m-1)(2012), 0.280 ± 0.098 m-1(range:0.071~0.445 m-1)(2013), 0.336 ± 0.087
m-1(range:0.198~0.523 m-1)(2014). The a355 in May 2014 was 109% higher than that in May 2012. The averageof spectral slope (S300-500) at the surface water in May 2012~2014 were 20 ± 2 µm-1(range:17~23 µm-1), 16 ±2 µm-1(range:13~21 µm-1), 14 ± 2 µm-1(range:10~17 µm-1). The S300-500 at surface water in May 2014 was
30% lower than that in May 2012, those values are general. The CDOM concentration tends to decrease toward
offshore. Vertical distribution of CDOM showed typical features that decrease with increasing depth and show
highest values at subsurface waters. The correlation among CDOM and other environment factors (temperature,salinity, Chl a) were examined to find the main controlling factors affecting on CDOM dynamics.

MONITOR-P2

How ocean observations work for you: A perspective from the U.S. IOOS Regional
Association serving Southern California
Clarissa Anderson1,2 and Julie Thomas1
1
2

SCCOOS, University of California, San Diego, USA.
UC Santa Cruz, USA. Email: clrander@ucsc.edu

The regional observing systems work to collect, integrate and deliver coastal and ocean observations in order toimprove safety, enhance the economy and protect the environment. The primary goal of the Southern California
Coastal Ocean Observing System (SCCOOS) is to provide observations and products to a diverse stakeholder
community of managers and planners, operational decision makers, scientists, and the general public. As theregional observing system for Southern California, SCCOOS has developed the capabilities to support short-term
decision-making and long-term assessment by implementing and leveraging biological, chemical, and physicalobservations and models, many of which are available in near real-time.
The focus themes, as designated by IOOS, highlight these priorities and are designed to improve safety, enhancethe economy and protect our environment.
•

Marine Operations: Enhance products for safe and efficient marine commerce and transportation,
search and rescue, homeland security and events such as oil spill response.

•

Coastal Hazards: Improve coastal resiliency through accurate, geo-specific and validated flooding
models and critical shoreline information with the long-term goal of improving coastal safety, reducing
natural hazards and environmental change impacts and protecting coastal economics.

•

Climate Variability and Change: Improve the understanding and track secular ocean change including
sea level rise, ocean temperatures, and other climate trends in the Southern California Bight.

•

Ecosystems, Fisheries and Water Quality: Provide physical, geochemical and biological monitoring,
including harmful algal blooms (HABs) forecasts, fisheries management, and water quality pathogen
and ocean acidification tracking to promote and sustain living marine resources.
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PICES-2016

POC Contributied Poster Sesssion
POC-P1

Sea ice detection for the Bohai Sea using MODIS data
Lijian Shi1,2, Mingsen Lin1,2, Bin Zou1,2, Tao Zeng1,2 and Yarong Zou1,212National Satellite Ocean Application Service, Beijing, PR China. E-mail: shilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn
Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing, PR China

Bohai Sea is a seasonal ice covered semi-enclosed basin located in the northeast coast of China. Sea ice in the
Bohai Sea creates serious threat to marine navigation, off-shore constructions and fishery industry. Monitoring of
the Bohai sea ice is of great importance in preventing of sea ice disasters and better management and planning ofoffshore activities. Sea ice parameters retrieved from satellite remote sensing technology include sea ice extent,
ice edge, concentration, and thickness classifications. MODIS’ spatial resolution and wide spatial coverage enable
it to be more available for representation for the distribution and thickness of ice, and more useful in sea ice
detection and forecasting than other sensors. In this study, MODIS Level 1B data is used to supply the sea ice
extent and thickness. Based on the spectral characteristics of sea ice and threshold segmentation method, sea ice
extent is retrieved. Level ice thickness was calculated using MODIS ice surface temperature and an ice surface
heat balance equation. The retrieved ice thickness agreed reasonable well with in situ observations from two
off-shore oil platforms. The MODIS results under cold conditions (air temperature < -10ºC) also agreed with theestimated ice growth from Lebedev and Zubov models. Our method is feasible for the Bohai Sea operational ice
thickness analyses during cold freezing seasons. These results are important information source for monitoringsea ice in the Bohai Sea and providing initial data for sea ice forecasting. It is also a good reference for verifying
sea ice forecasting.

POC-P2

Ocean acidification on coast of the Korea
Ki-Hyuk Eom1, In-Seong Han1, Joon-Soo Lee1, Young-Sang Suh1 and Kitack Lee2
1
2

National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: ekh4465@korea.kr
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, R Korea

The objective of this study is to analyze the status and impacts by regional coast (eastern, southern, western).
Ocean acidification poses a significant threat to ocean-related ecosystem and communities reliant on marine
fisheries, aquaculture, and coral reef. Korea coast fisheries based largely aquaculture of finfish (mainly rockfish
and flatfish and seabream) and shellfish (mussels and oysters). As part of an effort to NIFS (National Institute ofFisheries Science) Serial Oceanographic observations (NSO), research is being conducted in eastern, southern,western coast of the Korea on April, August, October of 2015. In this study, the focus is on describing spatial
patterns of aragonite saturation state (ΩAR = [Ca2+][CO32-]/KSP-ARG). This parameter is an indicator of ecosystem
health, in particular for calcifying organisms. Our results showed the lowest ΩAR(2.5>) at western coast on spring
and fall, High ΩAR(4.5<) at southern coast on summer due to decreasing carbon dioxide by red tide blooms. These
results are an initial step toward a fully integrated understanding of impact of ocean acidification and could be
used to focus future research like empirical model.

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POC-P3

Enhanced responses of sea surface temperature in offshore China to global warming andhiatusHong-jian Tan and Rong-shuo Cai
Key Lab of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen,
PR China. E-mail: rscai@163.com, cairongshuo@tio.org.cn

After an accelerated global warming in the second half of 20th century, the warming hiatus occurred since thelate 1990s. The response of sea surface temperature (SST) in the offshore of China and its adjacent seas (hereafterreferred to as offshore China) to global warming hiatus remains unclear. In the present study, we assessed andcompared the SST trends, during accelerated warming period (1958-1998) and hiatus period (1998-2014), between
offshore China and other ocean regions of interest as well as global mean surface temperature based on four SST
datasets. The results revealed enhanced SST responses in offshore China to the global warming and hiatus. Thechange of SST in offshore China shows faster than the global mean rate during the accelerated global warming(hiatus) epochs before (after) 1998 with the rising (cooling) rate up to 0.6ºC (− 0.05ºC)/decade, which is 5 times
faster than the global warming. Additionally, the interdecadal SST variability in offshore China is closely linked
to the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), consistent with the positive (negative) phase of PDO. It is suggested that
SST changes in offshore China may be greatly affected by the PDO through the impacts of East Asian Monsoon
and Kuroshio Current on interdecadal timescales.

POC-P4

Cross-isobath exchange in Bering Canyon
Carol Ladd1, Wei Cheng2, Janet Duffy-Anderson3, Colleen Harpold3, Kim Martini2, Calvin Mordy2 and Phyllis
Stabeno1
1
2
3

PMEL, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: carol.ladd@noaa.gov
JISAO, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
AFSC, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA

Shelf-basin exchange is widely recognized as having an important influence on the ecosystem of the eastern
Bering Sea. Transport of nutrient-rich oceanic water across the shelf-break fuels primary productivity overthe shelf. Transport of basin-origin zooplankton taxa is critical to the zooplankton prey base structure over thecontinental shelf, and the vulnerable young of several commercially important fish species require transport from
spawning grounds over the slope to nursery habitats over the shelf for successful growth and survival. However,shelf-basin exchange in the Bering Sea is highly heterogeneous, with enhanced cross-shelf transport associatedwith submarine canyons. We combine in situ physical oceanography measurements and numerical simulations
to examine shelf-basin exchange over Bering Canyon, the southernmost canyon along the eastern Bering Sea
shelf-break, and compare results with observations of zooplankton and ichthyoplankton community structure andtransport. Both observations and modeling results suggest more on-shelf flux of dense basin water during summer/
fall than during winter/spring with implications for the flux of nutrients and biota onto the shelf. Our goal is to
identify key processes that control cross-isobath flow, nutrient flux and larval transport, and how these processes
vary episodically and seasonally.

327

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POC-P5The impact of monsoon winds and mesoscale eddies on the South China Sea westernboundary current
Xiao-Hua Zhu and Ruixiang Zhao
State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou, PR China
E-mail: xhzhu@sio.org.cn

We deployed 5 pressure-recording inverted echo sounders (PIES) along a section in the northern South China Sea(NSCS), and estimated well the distributions of temperature, salinity and velocity across the section. Applying
the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method, we found that variability of the estimates is dominated by twomodes: one named the seasonal mode affecting strongly on the hydrographic distribution with explained variabilityof temperature/salinity by 62.9/72.2 %; the other named the eddy mode, corresponding to the arrival of mesoscaleeddies, affecting strongly on the circulation pattern with explained variability of velocity by 63.2 %. Temporalvariation of the seasonal mode is highly correlated with the monsoon winds southeast of Vietnam, suggesting anonlocal forcing mechanism. Case studies looking at the structures and evolutions of three captured eddies, whose
impacts were well quantified by the eddy mode. The monsoon (eddies) significantly affects temperature, salinityand velocity shallower than 635 m (860 m), 160 m (150 m) and 1055 m (920 m), respectively. The monsoon(eddies) can induce maximum temperature, salinity and velocity anomalies up to -1.6−2.1 ºC (-2.5−2.2ºC),-0.11−0.14 psu (-0.13−0.27 psu) and -0.31−0.46 m/s (-0.40−0.38 m/s), respectively. Mean volume transport (VT)across the section is 1.0 Sv (positive to the northeast). Seasonal VT (with eddy impacts removed) is -4.6 Sv, 11.4
Sv, -5.1 Sv and -4.1 Sv for spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively.

POC-P6Comparison between two types of moored vertical profiler
Dong Guk Kim1, Young-Gyu Park1,2, Jae-Hun Park3, Hong Sik Min1, Chanhyung Jeon3 and Seongbong Seo1,2123Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea
E-mail: ypark@kiost.ac.kr
Department of Integrated Ocean sciences, Korea University of Science & Technology, Daejeon, R Korea.
Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, R Korea,

Moored vertical profiler is a device for collecting profiles of ocean data while its moving up and down. Two
different types of profiler were deployed in the East/Japan Sea by KIOST in 2014-2015. The POPPS is composedof a moored subsurface winch system including battery packs and a profiling buoy installed with sensors. Whenthe profiling buoy is released from the winch system to start measurements, it moves up to the surface freely by
its own buoyancy and then the winch winds it back to the subsurface original position. It floats briefly at the sea
surface to transmit the real-time profile measurements. The winch system consumes relatively large battery power,
which limits its depth to ~300 m. The Aqualog is composed of a moored wire and a carrier which contains sensors,a glass buoy, battery packs, and an electric motor. The motor moves up and down the carrier that is pre-adjusted tohave a neutral-buoyancy in the ocean, thus it consumes relatively small battery power. To make the moored wireas straight as possible, a relatively huge buoy (subsurface or surface) should be attached at the top of the wire.
The carrier can dive up to 1000-m depth, but it typically misses the near surface layer shallower than ~5 m. In
this study we present the observation results in the East/Japan Sea from the two types of moored vertical profiler
and provide guidance for users in choosing an optimal moored profiling platform depending on their research
objectives.

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POC-P7

Mean sea level (MSL) trends around the Korea Peninsula with tide gauge and altimeter
data
Kwang-Young Jeong1, Eunil Lee1 and Seung-buhm Woo2
1
2

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency(KHOA), Busan, R Korea. E-mail: wangyoung@korea.kr
Inha University, Incheon, R Korea

This research was intended to investigate mean sea level (MSL) rise trend and characteristics in the Korea coast.
For this study, we analyzed the tide gauge records for 40 years (1975~2014) from 18 tide stations of the Korea
Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA), along with altimeter data by TOPEX/POSEIDON for 12
years (1993~2014) in the Korea coasts. The zonal rates of MSL rise using annual MSL data combined with tidegauges and altimeter data during same periods have been estimated. The ranges of MSL rise values obtained in
the altimeter data set are comparable to those of the tide gauge. According to the time-series analysis results bytide gauge records, the average rates of MSL rise are 1.31 mm/yr in the west coast of Korea, 2.05 mm/yr in thesouth, 2.69 mm/yr in the east, and 4.56 mm/yr around Jeju area. Especially, it shows that rising rate of sea level
in Jeju is comparatively rapid and seems to be caused by the complex results of the sea water temperature rise,port development, and land subsidence. Moreover, characteristics of sea level variation by climate change showed
weak negative correlation between PDO index and mean sea level around the Korea coasts. Future studies will be
required to understand the characteristics of MSL variations in Korea coasts using numerical model.

POC-P8

Regional characteristics of global warming: Linear projection for the timing of
unprecedented climate
Ho-Jeong Shin and Chan Joo Jang
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, R Korea. E-mail: cjjang@kiost.ac.kr

Given an external forcing globally uniform, the corresponding climate change and impacts differ by region. Thus
the detection of global warming signal against internal variability has been made on a regional scale as well as
on a global average. The purpose of this study is to estimate a timing of unprecedented climate due to global
warming and to analyze the regional differences therein. Unlike previous studies that used model output, weused an observational dataset to estimate a magnitude of internal variability and a future temperature change. We
calculated a linear trend in surface temperature using a historical record since 1880 and a magnitude of internalvariability as the largest displacement from the trend. A timing of unprecedented climate was defined as the firstyear when a predicted minimum temperature exceeds the recorded maximum and remains as such since then.
Presumed that the linear trend and the maximum displacement will be maintained in the future, an unprecedented
climate would come within 200 years over the Indian Ocean, parts of the Atlantic and high-latitude regions but
after thousands of years over the eastern tropical Pacific and the middle-latitude North Pacific where an internalvariability is large. As such, a timing of an unprecedented climate over the ocean is highly affected by large
internal variability except for the high-latitude regions with a significant warming trend. Therefore, when planninga climate change mitigation and adaptation policy, we need to consider an internal variability as well as a warming
rate.

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POC-P9Recent cooling trend in the Yellow and East China Seas and the associated North Pacificclimate regime shift
Yong Sun Kim1 , Chan Joo Jang1 and Sang-Wook Yeh2
1

2

Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea
E-mail: yongskim@kiost.ac.kr
Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, ERICA, Ansan, R Korea.

The Yellow and East China Seas (YECS) are widely believed to have experienced a robust, large-scale warming
during the last few decades. After the warming reached its peak in the late 1990s, sea surface temperature (SST)
reveals a basin-scale cooling trend in the YECS. To understand a mechanism of decadal transition in SST from awarming to a cooling trend, this study investigates its relationship with the large-scale climate changes around the
YECS by using a cyclostationary basin mode from the satellite-based optimum interpolation SST for 1982−2014.
The time series of the leading principal component varies coherently with the Pacific decadal oscillation index
during the warming period before the late 1990s, however, its correlations decrease dramatically to an insignificant
level after the late 1990s. This result indicates that a potential regime shift occurred in dynamical linkage between
the YECS and North Pacific. During the cooling period after the late 1990s, the winter SST in the YECS is moreclosely associated with the variation of Siberian High (SH) along with an intensification of SH, suggesting thatthe intensified SH pressure system in recent decades plays an increasing role in determining states of the YECS
compared to North Pacific oceanic processes. These observations highlight that the decadal variability in the
YECS should be understood as a selective response from the oceanic processes in the North Pacific to atmosphericcirculations in the continent across the North Pacific climate regime shift.

POC-P10Long-term changes of South China Sea surface temperatures in winter and summer
Young-Gyu Park and A-Ra Choi
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Ansan, R Korea. E-mail: archoi@kiost.ac.kr

Utilizing available atmospheric and oceanographic reanalysis data sets, the long-term trend in South China Sea
SCS) sea surface temperature (SST) between 1950 and 2008 and the governing processes are investigated. Bothwinter and summer SST increased by comparable amounts, but the warming patterns and the governing processes
were different. Strong warming in winter occurred in a deep central area, and during summer in the southern
region. In winter the net heat flux into the sea increased, contributing to the warming. The spatial pattern of
the heat flux, however, was different from that of the warming. Heat flux increased over the coastal area wherewarming was weaker, but decreased over the deeper area where warming was stronger. The northeasterly monsoon
wind weakened lowering the shoreward Ekman transport and the sea surface height gradient. The cyclonic gyrewhich transports cold northern water to the south weakened, thereby warming the ocean. In summer however, thenet surface heat flux decreased and could not contribute to the warming. Over the southern part of the SCS, theweakening of the southwesterly summer monsoon reduced southeastward Ekman transport, which is parallel tothe mean SST gradient. Southeastward cold advection due to Ekman transport was reduced, thereby warming thesurface near the southeastern boundary of the SCS. Upwelling southeast of Vietnam was also weakened, raising
the SST east of Vietnam contributing to the southern summer warming secondarily.

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POC-P11

Ferry based monitoring in the NEAR-GOOS Area
Hee Dong Jeong1, Vyacheslav Lobanov2, Sang Woo Kim, Jae Kyong Son, In Sung Han and Young Sang Suh
1
2

National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: hdjeong@korea.kr
V.I. II’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: lobanov@poi.dvo.ru

The Ferry based monitoring is an automated system for measuring of physical and bio-geochemical parameters insurface waters. It is mounted on ‘ships of opportunity’, such as ferries or container ships, on their regular routes
across the Sea or on shore-based installations. Water is pumped from a subsurface inlet into the measuring circuitof multiple sensors. Data are transmitted and made available after each transect via the Internet.
An instrumented ferry made two transects per day across two current systems which are the northward East
Korean Warm Current (EKWC) and southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) since August 2012 from
Gangneung to Ulleungdo and Dokdo in the southwestern boundary area of the East Sea. Another route fromIncheon to Bakryeongdo in the middle eastern boundary area of the Yellow Sea also made transects since February
2016. Sea surface water properties of these transects were measured with high spatial and temporal resolution foran extended period of time.
In near future, we have plan to establish 4 monitoring ferry routes such as Jeju Strait, Korea Strait, Donghae(Korea)Vladivostok(Russia) and Donghae-Sakaiminato(Japan). The principal goal of this ferry based monitoring is theconstruction of a long-term observatory within the NEAR-GOOS area.

POC-P12

Nuclear bombs and coral: Guam coral core reveals operation-specific radiocarbon signals
from the Pacific Proving Grounds
Allen H. Andrews1, Ryuji Asami2, Yasufumi Iryu3, Don Kobayashi1 and Frank Camacho4
1
2
3
4

NOAA Fisheries – Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. E-mail: Allen.Andrews@noaa.gov
Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
Institute of Geology and Paleontology, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Guam, Mangilao, Guam, USA

To perform fish age validation studies in the western Central Pacific, radiocarbon (14C) analyses were performed
on a coral core from Guam to provide a regional chronological reference. Analyses on this coral core revealed
anomalous peaks in the early bomb 14C record. The typical marine bomb 14C signal, one that is phase lagged andattenuated relative to atmospheric bomb 14C, is present in the coral core and is consistent with other North Pacificrecords. However, 14C levels that are well above what can be explained by air-sea diffusion alone punctuate thispattern. This anomaly has been demonstrated to a limited extent in other coral cores of the Indo-Pacific region, but
is unmatched in magnitude and temporal resolution in the Guam coral core. In most cases, the early ∆14C peaks
were small and hypothesized to have originated from the thermonuclear test series “Operation Castle” in 1954, but
the Guam coral ∆14C record provided three strong pulses in 1954-55, 1956-57, and 1958-59. Each of these peaks
was directly linked to close-in fallout from thermonuclear testing in the Pacific Proving Grounds at Bikini andEnewetak atolls of the Marshall Islands. The measurable lag in reaching Guam was tied to ocean surface currents
and was traced to other locations with current modeling as distant as Okinawa, Palmyra, and the Indian Ocean.

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POSTERS-OBSERVING ORGANIZATIONS

Argo
Argo in 2016: sustaining core Argo and implementing recommended enhancements
Megan Scanderbeg1, Dean Roemmich1, Susan Wijffels2 and Howard Freeland3
12
3

Scripps Institution of Oceanography, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: mscanderbeg@ucsd.edu
CSIRO, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada

Currently, over 3900 Argo floats are deployed in the world ocean. The original global Argo array was limited bytechnical reasons in the seasonal sea-ice zones and in marginal seas. Thanks to both two-way communicationand ice-sensing algorithms, these technical limitations are largely mitigated. The concept of Argo is of a spatiallycomplete global array, therefore, including seasonal sea-ice zones and marginal seas moves the target number ofArgo floats from 3000 to 3800. Despite more active floats than this new target, there remain some areas of theocean that are sparsely populated and need to be filled with additional floats, while others are over-populated. At
present, sampling of the high latitude Southern Ocean is progressing, and in some areas, such as the Kuroshio
region and the Mediterranean Sea, Argo is fully operational.
In addition to the globalization of Argo, the additional enhancements include Deep Argo, Biogeochemical Argo
(BGC Argo), and increased density of sampling in western boundary current regions and in equatorial regions.
For each of these, one or more regional pilot arrays is already in place and others are pending. The process forreviewing these pilots and obtaining approval as enhancements to Argo should parallel that of the original Argoand should include consideration by the OOPC, GODAE Ocean View, and the CLIVAR Global Synthesis andObservations Panel (GSOP). This timetable leaves several years to study the outcomes of the pilot deployments
which will lead to OceanObs’19.

CLIVAR

Coordinated international activities on the climate study of ocean-atmosphere interactions
Nico Caltabiano1, Lei Han2 and Jing Li2
1
2

International CLIVAR Project Office, NOC, Southampton, UK. E-mail: nico.caltabiano@clivar.org
International CLIVAR Project Office, FIO/SOA, Qingdao, China

CLIVAR and PICES have developed a stronger partnership in the last few years. Historically CLIVAR, as one of
the World Climate Research Programme’s (WCRP) core projects, has worked towards the coordination of regionaland global scientific projects directed at increased understanding and prediction of the physical processes that
control the ocean’s role in atmospheric climate. These studies include timescales from subseasonal to centennial.
The current collaboration with PICES is focused on climate impact on ecosystems in the North Pacific, and future
activities are being co-designed through a PICES “Study Group on Climate and Ecosystem Predictability” which
has active participation from members of the CLIVAR community. Many scientific challenges still remain andthe setup of CLIVAR’s Research Foci (RF) will address some of those, with activities organised for the next 3-5
years. Of particular interest to PICES would be the Decadal Climate Variability and Predictability (DCVP) RF, theEastern Boundary Upwelling Systems (EBUS) RF, ENSO in a changing climate RF, and the Regional Sea Level
Change and Coastal Impacts RF (also a WCRP Grand Challenge). These topics are cross-cutting, and will draw
expertise form several CLIVAR panels. CLIVAR is also developing its new Science and Implementation Plan, thatwill guide and focus the developments of climate research for the next 5-10 years.
More detailed information can be found on CLIVAR’s website(http://www.clivar.org/science/clivar-research-foci)332

PICES-2016

IAMSLICInternational Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information
Centers (IAMSLIC)
Debra A. Losey1 and Amy Butros2
1
2

U.S. NOAA Fisheries/Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: debra.losey@noaa.gov
University of California, UC San Diego Library, San Diego, CA, USA

The International Association of Aquatic and Marine Science Libraries and Information Centers (IAMSLIC) is anassociation of individuals and organizations interested in library and information science, especially as these areapplied to the recording, retrieval and dissemination of knowledge and information in all aspects of aquatic andmarine sciences and their allied disciplines. The association provides a forum for exchange and exploration ofideas and issues of mutual concern. Is your librarian a member of IAMSLIC?

IATTC

The IATTC’s research program on the reproductive biology and early life history of tunas
in the eastern Pacific Ocean
Daniel Margulies, Vernon P. Scholey, Jeanne B. Wexler and Maria S. Stein
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission, La Jolla, CA, USA. Email: dmargulies@iattc.org

Since 1986, the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC) has conducted research on the reproductive
biology and early life history of tunas at the Achotines Laboratory, located on the Pacific coast of the Republicof Panama. From 1986 to 1996, research was focused on the larval ecology and rearing of coastal scombrids.
Beginning in 1996, a broodstock of yellowfin tuna was developed in landbased tanks at the Achotines Laboratory,
and multiple generations of these broodstock have been spawning nearly daily for 20 years. Yellowfin larvae
hatched from eggs spawned at the Achotines Laboratory are routinely used in a variety of laboratory experiments
designed to investigate the effects of key environmental and biological factors on pre-recruit survival. Successful
rearing methods have also been developed for juvenile yellowfin, with juveniles reared in captivity up to 158 days
after hatch. In this poster presentation, experimental results from major topics of yellowfin larval research will besummarized. These include studies of larval growth variability, effects of wind-induced microturbulence on larval
survival, the effects of ocean acidification on larval survival, and comparative studies of the early life history ofyellowfin and Pacific bluefin conducted in Panama and Japan.

IMBER

The Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) project
Carol Robinson1, Lisa Maddison2, Gro van Meeren2 and Cisco Werner3
1
2
3

University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway. E-mail: lisa.maddison@imr.no
Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA

The aim of the Integrated Marine Biogeochemistry and Ecosystem Research (IMBER) project has been to develop
a comprehensive understanding of, and thus an accurate predictive capacity of, ocean responses to accelerating
global change and the consequent effects on the Earth system and human society. Understanding the changing
ecology and biogeochemistry of marine ecosystems and their sensitivity and resilience to multiple drivers, pressuresand stressors is critical to developing responses that will help reduce the vulnerability of marine-dependent humancommunities. Now, after ten years of successful interdisciplinary research, the IMBER community has developed
a new science plan and implementation strategy to guide the next decade of IMBER research. The intent isto provide evidence-based knowledge and guidance for policy decision makers, managers and marine related
communities in order to secure or transition towards sustainability of the marine realm under global change.
This presentation provides a synthesis of IMBER scientific achievements and plans for future activities which
focus on understanding and quantifying marine ecosystem functioning, developing scenarios, projections andpredictions of future states of marine and human systems at multiple scales, and thus fostering successful andsustainable ocean governance.
333

PICES-2016

NANOOSNANOOS: Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems
Jan A. Newton
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: janewton@uw.edu

The Northwest Association of Networked Ocean Observing Systems, NANOOS, is the Pacific Northwest Regional
Association of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). Now over 10 years old, NANOOS (www.
nanoos.org) has developed substantially thanks to its diverse scientific partnerships and stakeholder-driven focus.
Established by charter in 2003, NANOOS has engaged representatives from diverse sectors who are directly
involved in the definition and execution of NANOOS within the region. Partners contribute to and help define oursubsystems: observations, modeling and forecasts, data management and user products, outreach and engagement,
and education. Focus areas include: 1) Climate: NANOOS provides climatology and anomaly products fromregional buoy, satellite time series, and shoreline change statistics to improve understanding of climate variationand change. 2) Ecosystem Assessment: NANOOS also provides time-series and real-time observations and data
products used to evaluate, and in some cases forecast, HABs, hypoxia, ocean acidification, and water quality. 3)
Fisheries and Biodiversity: NANOOS’s forecasts and data on the bio-physical environment permit better-informed
management decisions by fishers (from tuna fishers to shellfish growers) and regional managers. 4) Maritime
operations: NANOOS provides water, wave and weather observations and forecasts to ship and boat operatorsfor safe operations and planning. 5) Ocean Literacy: NANOOS provides learning tools, real-time data lessonplans and other education materials to formal and informal educators to increase ocean literacy. The NANOOS
Visualization System, NVS (http://nvs.nanoos.org/), is the portal to this bounty of coastal ocean information.

NPAFC

International Year of the Salmon: From idea to launch
Vladimir I. Radchenko, N. Davis and M. Saunders
North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: vlrad@npafc.org

The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) has joined forces with the Atlantic Salmon Conservation
Organization (NASCO) to lead a new initiative—International Year of the Salmon (IYS). The IYS is conceived
to raise awareness of what humans can do to better ensure salmon and their varied habitats are conserved andrestored against the backdrop of increasing environmental variability, and thus the overall theme is ‘Salmon andpeople in a changing world’. The target IYS year is 2019, with some activities that will start before and continue
afterwards. IYS will stimulate an investment in research and leave a legacy of knowledge, data/information
systems, tools, and a new generation of scientists better equipped to provide timely advice to inform rational
management of salmon. The first of several IYS scientific activities will be a symposium in the latter half of 2018
dedicated to a hemispheric-wide review of salmon stock status and an appraisal of what knowledge is needed tobetter protect and manage salmon in the future. A partnership exists between PICES and NPAFC through the
Framework for Enhanced Scientific Cooperation in the North Pacific Ocean, and PICES has actively participatedin scoping the potential of the IYS initiative. As a next step, NPAFC is hopeful that PICES will join with otherpartnering organizations and be a dynamic contributor to IYS planning, research, and outreach activities.

334

PICES-2016

Registrants(as of October 7)
Australia
Kenneth Lee
CSIRO
26 Dick Perry Ave.
Kensington, WA 6151
Australia
ken.lee@csiro.au
Philip L. Munday
ARC Centre of Excellence forCoral Reef Studies
James Cook University
Townsville, QLD 4814
Australia
philip.munday@jcu.edu.au

CanadaStephanie K. Archer
Pacific Biological Station
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
3190 Hammond Bay Rd
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
Canadastephanie.archer@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Sonia D. Batten*
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for
Ocean Science4737 Vista View Cres.
Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8
Canadasoba@sahfos.ac.uk*representative of SAHFOS
Jennifer L. Boldt
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaJennifer.Boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Peter Chandler
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
CanadaPeter.Chandler@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
James ChristianFisheries and Oceans Canada
Canadian Centre for Climate
Modelling and Analysis
c/o University of Victoria
P.O. Box 3065
Victoria, BC V8W 3V6
Canadajim.christian@canada.ca
Cathryn Clarke Murray*
PICES Secretariat
9860 W Saanich Rd.
Sidney, BC V8L4B2Canadacmurray@pices.int*representative of PICES
William R. Crawford
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd.
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadabill.crawford@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Kenneth L. Denman
School of Earth and Ocean
Sciences
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadadenmank@uvic.ca
Richard Dewey
VENUS Project
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700, STN CSC
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadardewey@uvic.ca

Tara H. Donaghy
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Ecosystems and Oceans Science
Sector200 Kent Street, STN 12E239
Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0E6
CanadaTara.Donaghy@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Anya Dunham
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaAnya.Dunham@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Svetlana Esenkulova
Pacific Salmon Foundation
300-1682 West 7th Ave.
Vancouver, BC V6J 4S6
Canadasvesen@uvic.ca
Wiley Evans
Hakai Institute1713 Hyacinthe Bay Rd.
Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0
Canadawiley.evans@hakai.org
Michael G. Foreman
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd.
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadamike.foreman@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Cameron Freshwater
Department of Biology
University of Victoria
2407 Fernwood Rd. Suite B
Victoria, BC V8T 2Z6
Canadaccfreshwater@gmail.com

335

PICES-2016
Natalia Gartley
Ocean Networks Canada
P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC
Victoria, BC V8W2Y2Canadaoncsec@uvic.ca
Ryan Gasbarro
Earth and Ocean Sciences
University of Victoria
4015 Locarno Lane
Victoria, BC V8N3Z9Canadargasbarro1@gmail.com
Edward James Gregr
Institute for Resources,
Environment, and Sustainability
2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaejgregr@gmail.com
Benjamin M. Grupe
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
9860 West Saanich Rd.
PO Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadaben.grupe@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Lu GuanSchool of Earth and Ocean
Sciences
University of Victoria
Bob Wright Centre,
3800 Finnerty Road (Ring road)
Victoria, BC V8P 5C2
Canadaguanlu129@gmail.com
Dana Haggarty
Pacific Biological Station
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
Canadadana.haggarty@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

336

Nicky HaighHarmful Algae Monitoring
ProgramVancouver Island University
Room 205, Bldg. 373,
900 Fifth St
Nanaimo, BC V9R 5S5
CanadaNicky.Haigh@viu.ca
Charles Hannah
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd.,
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
CanadaCharles.Hannah@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Lucie Hannah
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
Room 2429, 9860 W. Saanich Road
Sidney, BC V8L 5T5
Canadaluciehannah@gmail.com
Carrie A. Holt
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T6N7
CanadaCarrie.Holt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Kim Houston
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 West Saanich Rd.
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadakim.houston@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Brian Hunt
Earth and Ocean Sciences
University of British Columbia6339 Stores Rd.
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadabhunt@eos.ubc.ca

Marlene A. Jeffries
Ocean Networks Canada
2300 McKenzie Ave
Victoria, British Columbia
V8P5C2
Canadajeffries@uvic.ca
Devan Johnson
11B Fourth St.
Nanaimo, BC V9R1S6Canadadevljohnson@live.com
Francis Juanes
Department of Biology
University of Victoria
3800 Finnerty Rd.
Victoria, BC V8P 5C2
Canadajuanes@uvic.ca
S. Kim Juniper
Ocean Networks Canada
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC,
2300 McKenzie Ave.
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadakjuniper@uvic.ca
Jacquelynne R. King
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaJackie.King@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Anders Knudby
Department of Geography
University of Ottawa
75 Laurier Avenue East
Ottawa, ON K1N6N5
Canadaaknudby@uottawa.ca
Karen Kohfeld
School of Resource andEnvironmental Management
Simon Fraser University
8888 University Dr.
Vancouver, BC V5A1S6Canadakohfeld@sfu.ca

PICES-2016
Lian Elizabeth Kwong
Department of Earth, Ocean andAtmospheric Sciences
University of British Columbia
2020-2207 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4
Canadalkwong@eos.ubc.ca
Sandra Lindstrom
8988 Marshall Rd.
North Saanich, BC V8L 4B7
Canadasandracl@telus.net
Carmel Lowe
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
Canadacarmel.lowe@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Michael Malick
School of Resource andEnvironmental Management
Simon Fraser University
8888 University Dr.
Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6
Canadammalick@sfu.ca
Arran Ashley McPherson
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Ecosystem Science Directorate
200 Kent St.
Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6
CanadaArran.McPherson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Shannon Grace ObradovichInstitute for the Oceans andFisheries
University of British Columbia
AERL Bldg.
2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaobradovichs@gmail.com

Vladimir I. Radchenko*
Executive Director
North Pacific Anadromous FishCommission502-889 West Pender St.
Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2
Canadavlrad@npafc.org*representative of NPAFC

Patrick D. O’Hara
Canadian Wildlife Service
Environment and Climate Change
Canadac/o Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd.
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
CanadaPatrick.OHara@canada.ca

Jake Rice
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Ecosystem and Ocean Sciences
Station 12S014, 200 Kent St.
Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6
CanadaJake.Rice@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Evgeny Pakhomov
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric
Sciences
University of British Columbia
2207 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaepakhomov@eos.ubc.ca
Rich Pawlowicz
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric
Sciences
University of British Columbia6339 Stores Rd.
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadarich@eos.ubc.ca

Jocelyn Nelson
201 - 975 Victoria St. W.
Kamloops, BC V2C 0C2
Canadajocelyn.nelson@gmail.com

Angelica Peña
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd.,
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadaangelica.pena@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Miriam O
Environment and Biodiversity
Science
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
9860 W Saanich Rd.
Sidney, BC V8L 5T5
CanadaMiriam.O@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Ian Perry
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaIan.Perry@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
vlrad@npafc.org

Richard B. Rivkin
Department of Ocean Sciences
Memorial University of
Newfoundland
Elizabeth Ave.
St. John’s, NF A1C 5S7
Canadarrivkin@mun.ca
Tetjana Ross
Institute of Ocean Sciences
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadatetjana.ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Tamara Russell
Harmful Algae Monitoring
ProgramVancouver Island University
900 5th St.
Nanaimo, BC V9R5S5Canadatamara.russell@viu.ca
Akash Sastri
Ocean Networks Canada
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC,
2300 McKenzie Ave.
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadaasastri@uvic.ca

337

PICES-2016
Darlene Smith
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
200 Kent St., Mail Station 12W060
Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6
Canadadarlene.smith@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
John N. Smith
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Bedford Institute of Oceanography
1 Challenger Dr.
Dartmouth, NS B2Y4A2CanadaJohn.Smith@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Candice Victoria St. Germain
Department of Fisheries andOceansGovernment of Canada
9860 W Saanich Rd.
Sidney, BC V8L 5T5
Canadacandice.st.germain@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Max Stocker
Stocker & Associates, Consultants
1423 Rose Ann Dr.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 4L3
Canadamstocker@shaw.ca
Jennifer Sunday
Biodiversity Research Centre
University of British Columbia
2212 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadasunday@biodiversity.ubc.ca
Thomas W. Therriault*
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaThomas.Therriault@dfo-mpo.gc.ca*representative of PICES

338

Charles Trick
Department of Biology
Western University
Room 402, North Campus Bldg.,
1151 Richmond St. N.
London, ON N6A 5B7
Canadatrick@uwo.ca
Andrew W. Trites
Institute for the Oceans andFisheries
University of British Columbia
Room 247, AERL, 2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaa.trites@oceans.ubc.ca
David W. Welch
Kintama Research Services Ltd.
4737 Vista View Cres.
Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8
Canadadavid.welch@kintama.com
Julia Yazvenko*
Database and Web Administrator
PICES Secretariat
9860 W. Saanich Rd.,
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadasecretariat@pices.int*representative of PICES

Chile
Mariella Canales
Ecology
Pontificia Universidad Católica de
Chile
Alameda 340
Santiago, 8320000
Chile
mariella.canales@gmail.com

China, PR
Xiaodong Bian
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute
Chinese Academy of Fishery
Sciences
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRbianxd@ysfri.ac.cn
Rongshuo Cai
Key Laboratory of Global Change andMarine-Atmospheric Chemistry
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
Jianming Chen
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
chenjianming@tio.org.cn
Jie ChenSouth China Sea Planning andEvironmental Institute
Xingang Road No.353,
Buiding 1,Room 505
Guangzhou, 510300
China, PR
chenjie-1984@hotmail.com
Jilong Chen
Center for Monsoon System
Research
Institute of Atmospheric Physics,
CAS
6 Zhongguancun Beiertiao,
Haidian District
Beijing, 100190
China, PR
cjl@mail.iap.ac.cn

PICES-2016
Keliang Chen
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PRklchen@tio.org.cn
Manchun Chen
Department of Marine Ecological
Environmet
National Marine Data andInformation Service
93 Liuwei Road
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
chenmanchun@nmdis.org.cn
Shang Sunny Chen
Research Center for Marine
EcologyFirst Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
Room 521, Science Bldg.,
6 Xianxialing Rd., LaoShan Dis
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
schen@fio.org.cn
Siqing Chen
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
chensq@ysfri.ac.cn
Zhengguo Cui
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute
Chinese Academy of Fishery
Sciences
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRcuizg@ysfri.ac.cn
Jianguo Du
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PR
dujianguo@tio.org.cn

Jinqiu Du
Department of Marine Chemistry
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
jinqiu609@163.com
Zhongyong Gao
Key Laboratory of Global Change andMarine-Atmospheric Chemistry
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
Hao Guo
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe Street, Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
hguo@nmemc.org.cn
Lv HanZhejiang University
Ocean College
Huimin Bridge, Dinghai District
Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000
China, PR
lhcs2013@zju.edu.cn
Jianhua He
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
184 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
hejianhua@tio.org.cn
Daji Huang
State Key Laboratory of Satellite
Ocean Environment Dynamics
Second Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PR
djhuang@sio.org.cn

Chuanlin Huo
Planning and Management
Department
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
PM_CWTH@163.COM
Nianzhi Jiao
State Key Laboratory of Marine
Environmental Science
Xiamen University, Xiang-An
Campus
A3-301 Zhou Long Quan
Xiamen, Fujian 361102
China, PRjiao@xmu.edu.cn
Xianshi Jin
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
jin@ysfri.ac.cn
Jie Kong
Laboratory for Sustainable
Utilization of Marine Fisheries
Resources
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
Futian Li
Zhou Long Quan Building,
Xiang’an South Road, Xiang’an
Xiamen, 361102
China, PR
mentuli@163.com
Hongzhi Li
Department of Marine Measurement
Sensor Technology
National Ocean Technology Center,
SOA
219 Jieyuanxi Rd., Nankai District
Tianjin, 300112
China, PRlihongzhi6535@126.com
339

PICES-2016

Jingmei Li
School of Economics
Ocean University of China
238 Songling Rd.
Qingdao , Shandong 266110
China, PRjingmeili66@163.com
Qiufen Li
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
liqf@ysfri.ac.cn
Zhenlin Liang
Marine College
Shandong University, Weihai
180 Wenhua Xi Rd.
Weihai, Shandong 264209
China, PRliang@ouc.edu.cn
Tiejun Ling
Key Laboratory of Research on
Marine Hazards Forecasting
National Marine Environmental
Forecasting Center, SOA
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District
Beijing, 100081
China, PR
iron_ling@163.com
Jinwen Liu
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRjinwenliu@tio.org.cn
Shufang Liu
Molecular Ecology of FisheryResources
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRliusf@ysfri.ac.cn

340

Douding Lu
Marine Ecosystem and
Biogeochemistry
Second Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PR
doudinglu@sio.org.cn
Yang Luo
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRluoyang@tio.org.cn
Ya-Wei Luo
State Key Laboratory of Marine
Environmental Science
Xiamen University, Xiang-An
Campus
A3-317 Zhou Long Quan Hall
Xiang-An, Xiamen, Fujian 361102
China, PRywluo@xmu.edu.cn
Zhuojun Ma
Division of International
Cooperation
Chinese Academy of Fishery
Sciences
150 Qingtacun,
South Yongding Rd.,
Fengtai District
Beijing , 100141
China, PR
mazj@cafs.ac.cn
Wu MenLaboratory of Marine Isotopic
Technology and Environmental
Risk Assessment
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
184 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
men_wu@126.com

Xianhong Meng
Breeding Laboratory
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd.
QingDao, ShanDong 266071
China, PR
mengxianhong@ysfri.ac.cn
Guangshui Na
Marine Chemistry
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
gsna@nmemc.org.cn
Fangli Qiao*
First Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd.,
LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
qiaofl@fio.org.cn*representative of WESTPAC
Chuanxin Qin
South China Sea Fisheries
Research Institute, CAFS
231 West Xingang Rd.,
Haizhu District
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300
China, PR
qincx@scsfri.ac.cn
Xiujuan Shan
Yellow Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
shanxj@ysfri.ac.cn
Lijian Shi
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District
Beijing, 100081
China, PRshilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn

PICES-2016

Zhenya SongKey Lab of Marine Science andNumerical ModelingFirst Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd.,
Hi-Tech Park, LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
songroy@fio.org.cn
Peng Sun
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PRsunbird1103@sina.com
Song Sun
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology
and Environmental Science
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRsunsong@ms.qdio.ac.cn
Gongke Tan
Department of International Affairs
Qingdao National Laboratory for
Marine Science and Technology
1 Wenhai Avenue,
Aoshan Town, Jimo
Qingdao, Shandong 266237
China, PRgktan@qnlm.ac
Qisheng Tang
106 Nanjing Rd.
Qingdao, 266071
China, PR
xujk@ysfri.ac.cn
Xiaohui Tang
Key Lab. of Ocean Circulation andWaves
Institute of Oceanology, CAS(IOCAS)
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRtxhtang@gmail.com

Yongjun Tian
College of Fisheries
Ocean Univeristy of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PRyjtian@ouc.edu.cn
Fangfang Wan
Data Management Center
National Marine Data andInformation Service
93 Liuwei Road
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
fangfww15@sina.cn
Rong Wan
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, 266003
China, PR
rongwan@ouc.edu.cn
Haiyan Wang
Key Laboratory of Global Change andMarine-Atmospheric Chemistry
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PR
Jinhui Wang
Marine Environmental Monitoring
Centre of Ningde, SOA
3 Xing Ning Rd.
Ningde, Fujian 352101
China, PR
wangjinhui@189.cn
Lianggen Wang
South China Sea Fisheries
Research Institute, CAFS
231 West Xingang Rd.,
Haizhu District
Guangzhou, 510300
China, PRlung1984@163.com

Jianwei Wu
Research Center for the Marine
Environment Administration andDevelopment Strategy
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361000
China, PRwujianwei@tio.org.cn
Kankan Wu
Research Center for the Marine
Environment Administration andDevelopment Strategy
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd.,
Siming District Xiamen, 361005
China, PR
wkklj@163.com
Zhongxin Wu
Fishery College
Guangdong Ocean University
1 Haida Rd, Mazhang District
Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
China, PRwuzhongxin2007@126.com
Weiwei Xian
Insititute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
wwxian@qdio.ac.cn
Chen Xiaojuan
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
chenxiaojuan@tio.org.cn
Jian XieSouth China Sea Planning andEvironmental Institute
Xingang Road No.353,
Buiding 1, Room 313.
Guangzhou, 510300
China, PR
67263273@qq.com

341

PICES-2016
Chuanxi Xing
Marine Dynamics/Physical
Oceanography Division
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
cxxing@nmemc.org.cn

Zou Yarong
National Satellite Oceanic
Application Center
8 Da Hui Si Rd.
Haidian District Beijing
P.R.China
Beijing, 100085
China, PR
zyr@mail.nsoas.org.cn

Dongfeng Xu
Second Institute of Oceanography,(SOA)
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PR
xudongfengsio@sio.org.cn

Fei YuR&D Center of Marine
Environmental Engineering &Technology
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
yuf@qdio.ac.cn

Zijun Xu
North China Sea Environmental
Monitoring Center
22 Fushun Road
Qingdao, Shandong 266033
China, PR
zjxu@sohu.com

Hongxu Yu
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRirisyu@tio.org.cn

Jingsong Yang
36 Baochubei Rd
Hangzhou, 310012
China, PRjsyang@sio.org.cn
Jinkun Yang
Department of Oceanography andMeteorology
National Marine Data andInformation Service, SOA
93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
yjk_nmdis@126.com
Lin Yang
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116024
China, PRlyang@nmemc.org.cn

342

Li Yuliang
Marine Environment Management
and strategic Development
Research Center
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujiang 361005
China, PRliyuliang@tio.org.cn
Nan Zang
Institute of Oceanography, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, 266071
China, PRzangnan@qdio.ac.cn
Haiwen Zhang
State Oceanic Administration
No.1 Fuxingmenwai Ave.
Beijing, 100860
China, PRzhengrui047@126.com

Hui ZhangInstitute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRzhanghui@qdio.ac.cn
Jinzhao Zhang
219 Jieyuanxi Rd.,
Nankai District
Tianjin, 300112
China, PRzhangjinzhao_cdut@163.com
Rui ZhangInstitute of Marine Microbes andEcospheres
Xiamen University
A3-314 Zhoulongquan Bldg.
Xiamen, Fujian 361102
China, PRruizhang@xmu.edu.cn
Tianyu Zhang
National Marine Environmental
Forecasting Center
Dahuisi 8, Haidian District
Beijing, Beijing 100081
China, PRzhangty@nmefc.gov.cn
Xuelei Zhang
Center for Marine Ecology
Research
First Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd.,
LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PRzhangxl@fio.org.cn
Yusheng Zhang
Department of Marine Biology andEcology
Third Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRzhangyusheng@tio.org.cn

PICES-2016
Zhifeng Zhang
Marine Environmental Chemistry
Division
National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center (NMEMC),
SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PRzfzhang@nmemc.org.cn
Feng Zhao
300 Jungong Rd., Yangpu District
Shanghai, 200090
China, PRzhaof@ecsf.ac.cn
Yumei Zhao
Operation & Project Management
Department
National Ocean Thchnology
Center, SOA
219 Jieyuanxi Rd.,
Nankai District Tianjin, 300112
China, PRsensor_zym@126.com
Rui Zheng
Department of International
Cooperation
State Oceanic Administration(SOA)
1 Fuxingmenwai Ave.
Beijing, 100860
China, PRzhengrui047@163.com
Xiaohua Zhu
State Key Laboratory of Satellite
Ocean Environment Dynamics
Second Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
36 Baochu Bei Rd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PR
xhzhu@sio.org.cn
Yongling Zhu
Second Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, 310012
China, PRzhuylzhuyl@sio.org.cn

Bin Zou
Application and Development
Dept.
National Satellite Ocean
Application Service
8. Dahuisi, Haidian district
Beijing, China 100081
China, PRzoubin@mail.nsoas.org.cn

FranceMangalaa Kameswari Rajasekaran
LOCEAN
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
Tour 46-00, 5th floor
4 Place Jussieu, Boite 100 F-75
Paris, Paris 75252
Francemangalaakrm@gmail.com

Chinese-Taipei
Chi-Lu Sun*
ISC
4, 5TH FL NO 6,
Hsin-Shen South Rd. Section 1
Taipei City, 10058
Chinese-Taipei
chilu@ntu.edu.tw*representative of ISC

Denmark
Cornelius Hammer*
International Council for the
Exploration of the Sea (ICES)HC Andersen Blvd 44-46
Copenhagen, 1553
Denmarkcornelius.hammer@thuenen.de*representative of ICES
Wojciech Wawrzynski*
Science
ICES
H.C. Andersens Boulevard 44-46
Copenhagen, 1553
Denmark
Wojciech@ices.dk*representative of ICES

Germany
Soonmi Lee
Grosse Elbstr. 133
Hamburg, 22781
Germany
byelggi@gmail.com

India
Amit Balyan
Disaster Management
NIT Kurukshetra
NITKurukshetr
Kurukshetra, Haryana 224345
India
shashikantaptairiya28@gmail.com
Kalpana ChaudhariInstitute ForSustainable
Development and Research(ISDR)
B-1-8,Narayan Pujari Nangar, Worli
Mumbai, 400018
India
isdrklc@hotmail.com
Rachana Devi
Ocenography
Banaras Hindu University
Banaras Hindu University
varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005
India
rachana2608@gmail.com

343

PICES-2016
Swati Katiyar
Department of Remote Sensing
Banasthali University
Banasthali University
Tonk, Rajasthan 304022
India
katiyar.swati24@gmail.com
Meenu Rani
Remote Sensing
PDFSR
PDFSR
Meeruth, UP 223456
India
meenurani2607@gmail.com
Sahadat Sarkar
IITM, Pune, India
Dr. Homi Bhabha Road,
Pashan, Pune
Pune, Maharastra 411008
India
sahadat.cat@tropmet.res.in

Japan
Irene D. Alabia
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
N21 W11
Sapporo, N/A 001-0021
Japan
irenealabia@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Daisuke Ambe
Fisheries Research and Education
Agency2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
ambe@affrc.go.jp
Leila Basti
Ocean Sciences
Tokyo University of Marine
Science and Technology
Konan 4-5-7, Minato
Tokyo, 108-8477
Japan
lbasti1@kaiyodai.ac.jp

344

Robert Blasiak
Laboratory of Global Fisheries
Science
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo, 113-8657
Japan
a-rb@mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Sanae Chiba
RCGC
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japanchibas@jamstec.go.jp
Vijai Dharmamony
Oceanography Division
Fisheries Research Agency
25-259, Shimomekurakubo,
Samemachi, Hachinohe-shi,
Hachinohe, Aomori 031-0841
Japanvijai@affrc.go.jp
Masahiko Fujii
Faculty of Environmental Earth
Science
Hokkaido University
N10W5 Kita-ku Sapporo,
Hokkaido 060-0810
Japanmfujii@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
chika Fujimitsu
Agriculture Dept.
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki,
Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 1008907
Japan
chika_fujimitsu380@maff.go.jp
Tetsuichiro Funamoto
Hokkaido National Fisheries
Research Institute, FRA
116 Katsurakoi Kushiro,
Hokkaido 085-0802
Japan
tetsuf@fra.affrc.go.jp

Jorge Garcia Molinos
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
Kita-21 Nishi-11 Kita-ku Sapporo,
Hokkaido 001-0021
Japanjorgegmolinos@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Naomi Harada
Research and Development Center
for Global Change
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, 237-0061
Japan
haradan@jamstec.go.jp
Daisuke Hasegawa
Tohoku National Fisheries
Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001
Japan
daisukeh@affrc.go.jp
Taketo Hashioka
Marine Ecosystem Dynamics
Research Group
Research and Development Center
for Global Change, JAMSTEC
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku Yokohama,
Kanagawa 236-0001
Japanhashioka@jamstec.go.jp
Masahiro Hayashi
Demonstration Laboratory
Marine Ecology Research Institute4-7-17 Arahama
Kashiwazaki, Niigata 945-0017
Japanhayashi@kaiseiken.or.jp
Masahito Hirota
National Research Institute ofFisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
mmhirota@affrc.go.jp

PICES-2016
Yukiharu Hisaki
Faculty of Science, Department of
Physics and Earth Sciences
University of the Ryukyus
1 Aza Senbaru, Nishihara-cho,
Nakagami-gun
Okinawa, 9012213
Japan
hisaki@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Juri Hori
Fisheries Research and Education
Agency2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-8648
Japanjhori@affrc.go.jp
Toyomitsu Horii
National Research Institute ofFisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648
Japan
thorii@affrc.go.jp
Hiromichi Igarashi
Geoinformatics Research
Department
Center for Earth Information
Science and Technology/
JAMSTEC
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku Yokohama,
Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
higarashi@jamstec.go.jp
Ichiro Imai
Graduate School of Fisheries
Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho Hakodate,
Hokkaido 041-8611
Japan
imai1ro@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Masao Ishii
Oceanography and Geochemistry
Research Department
Meteorological Research Institute
1-1 Nagamine
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052
Japanmishii@mri-jma.go.jp

Kazuo Ishikawa
1112-11 Higashihukai
Nagareyama, Chiba 270-0101
Japankazu-ishikawa@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Hiromu Ishiyama
N10W5
Sapporo, 060-0810
Japanishiyamazzz@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Atsuhiko Isobe
Research Institute for Applied
Mechanics
Kyushu University
6-1 Kasuga-kohen
Kasuga, 8168580
Japan
aisobe@riam.kyushu-u.ac.jp
Shigeru Itakura
Resources Enhancement Promotion
Department
Fisheries Agency
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8907
Japan
itakura@affrc.go.jp
Motohiro Ito
Atomoshere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
ito.motohiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Shin-ichi Ito
Atmosphere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
goito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Sachihiko Itoh
Atmosphere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
itohsach@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Hideki Kaeriyama
Research Center for Fisheries
Oceanography and Marine
Ecosystem
National Research Institute of Far
Seas Fisheries, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
Shin’ichiro Kako
1-21-40 Korimoto, Kagoshima
Kagoshima, 890-0065
Japan
kako@oce.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Masafumi Kamachi
CEIST
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-Ku
Yokohama, 236-0001
Japan
kamachimasa@jamstec.go.jp
Yu Kanaji
Oceanic Resources Division
National Research Institute of Far
Seas Fisheries, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
kanaji@affrc.go.jp
Naohisa Kanda
Environmental Management Unit
JAPAN NUS CO., LTD
Nishi-Shinjuku Kimuraya
Building 5F
7-5-25 Nishi-Shinj
Tokyo, 160-0023
Japankanda-n@janus.co.jp
345

PICES-2016
Hitoshi Kaneko
Tohoku National Fisheries
Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
3-27-5 Shinhamacho
Shiogama, 985-0001
Japanjinziren@affrc.go.jp
Makoto Kashiwai
Fisheries Research Studio“Oyashio-Ya”
B29 Gakusya-Mura,
2961-51 Furu-Machi
Nagawa, Nagano Pref. 386-0603
Japankashiwai@mua.biglobe.ne.jp
Tomoya Kataoka
Tokyo University of Science
2641 Yamazaki
Noda, Chiba 2788510
Japan
tkata@rs.tus.ac.jp
Yoshiki Kato
Marine Fisheries Research andDevelopment Center
Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
15F Queen’s Tower B,
2-3-3 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115
Japan
thunnus.ori@gmail.com
Osamu Katoh
1-5939-22
Suido-cho
Chuo-ku
Niigata, 951-8121
Japan
tsushima@fra.affrc.go.jp
Hiroshi Kawai
Research Center for Inland Seas
Kobe University
1-1 Rokkodai, Nadaku
Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501
Japankawai@kobe-u.ac.jp346

Michio Kawamiya
ICliP
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-0001
Japan
kawamiya@jamstec.go.jp

Taketoshi Kodama
Department of Fisheries
Oceanography
Japan Sea National FisheriesInstitute, Japan Fisheries
Research and Education Agency
1-5939-22, Suido-cho, Chuou
Niigata, Niigata 951-8121
Japan
takekodama@affrc.go.jp

Shingo Kimura
Atmosphere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Chiba, 277-8564
Japans-kimura@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Naohiro Kosugi
Geochemical Research
Meteorological Research Institute
1-1 Nagamine
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052
Japan
nkosugi@mri-jma.go.jp

Michio J. Kishi
6-6-10 Honkomagome
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0021
Japan
mjkishi@nifty.com
Masashi Kiyota
National Resarch Institute of Far
Seas Fisheries
Fisheries Research and Education
Agency2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japankiyo@affrc.go.jp
Yasuhide Kobayashi
Division of Earth System Science
Graduate School of Environ. Sci.
Hokkaido University
N10W5 Sapporo
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japanyasuhide_kobayashi@ees.hokudai.
ac.jp

Yuichi Kotaki
Marine Biosciences
Kitasato University
1-15-1 Kitasato, Minami-ku
Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-0373
Japan
kotaki@kitasato-u.ac.jp
Naoki H. Kumagai
Center for Environmental Biology
and Ecosystem Studies
National Institute forEnvironmental Studies
Onogawa 16–2
Tsukuba, 305-8506
Japan
kumagai.naoki@nies.go.jp
Ryuji Kuwahara
National Research Institute ofFisheries and Environment of
Inland Sea
Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452
Japan
rkuwa@affrc.go.jp

PICES-2016
Zhe Li
Graduate School of Fisheries
Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japan
lz880526@live.cn
Yang Liu
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanyangliu315@hotmail.co.jp
Hideaki Maki
National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506
Japanhidemaki@nies.go.jp
Mitsutaku Makino
Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
mmakino@affrc.go.jp
Eligio de Raus Maure
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Nagoya University
Furocho, Chikusa Ward
Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601
Japan
eligiomaure@gmail.com
Shizuho Miki
Research Center for Fisheries
Oceanography and Marine
Ecosystem
National Research Institute ofFisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648
Japan
mikish@affrc.go.jp

Masaki Miya
Ecology and Environmental
Sciences
Natural History Museum andInstitute, Chiba
955-2 Aoba-cho, Chuo-ku
Chiba, 264-8682
Japanmasaki_miya@me.com
Yoichi Miyake
Graduate School of Frontier
Sciences/Atmosphere and Ocean
Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564
Japan
miyakey@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Mai Miyamoto
National Research Institute of Far
Seas Fisheries, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, 236-8646
Japan
maim@affrc.go.jp
Kazushi Miyashita
Field Science Center for Northern
Biosphere
Hokkaido University
20-5 Benten-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanmiyashi@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Kazuhiko Mochida
National Research Institute ofFisheries and Environment of
Inland Sea
Fisheries Research Agency
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452
Japan
kmochida@fra.affrc.go.jp
Ken Mori
3-53-18-801, Wada
Suginami-ku, Tokyo 1660012
Japan
kamo4212@ybb.ne.jp

Takami Morita
National Research Institute ofFisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
takam@affrc.go.jp
Akihiko Murata
RCGC
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japanmurataa@jamstec.go.jp
Toshiya Nakano
Global Environment and Marine
Japan Meteorological Agency
1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8122
Japannakano_t@met.kishou.go.jp
Hideaki Nakata
Faculty of Fisheries
Nagasaki University
1-14 Bunkyo-machi
Nagasaki, 852-8521
Japan
nakata@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Haruka Nishikawa
Data Research Center for MarineEarth Sciences
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
harukan@jamstec.go.jp
Bungo Nishizawa
Graduate School of Fisheries
Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japannishizawa@salmon.fish.hokudai.
ac.jp
347

PICES-2016
Tatsuya Oda
Biochemistry, Faculty of Fisheries
Nagasaki University
1-14 Bunkyo-machi
Nagasaki, 852-8521
Japan
t-oda@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Tsuneo Ono
Fisheries Oceanography Group,
Oceanic resources Division
National Research Institute of Far
Seas Fisheries, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
tono@fra.affrc.go.jp
Yoshioki Oozeki
Headquarters
Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
15F Queen’s Tower B, 2-3-3
Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115
Japan
oozeki@affrc.go.jp
Hitomi Oyaizu
Higashihukai 900-1 Lumiere 202
Nagareyama, Chiba 270-0101
Japan
hitomi_oyaizu@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Hiroaki Saito
Atmosphere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
hsaito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Sei-Ichi Saitoh
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
N21W11 Kita-Ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japan
ssaitoh@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp

348

Setsuko Sakamoto
National Research Institute ofFisheries and Environment of
Inland Sea
Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452
Japansssaka@affrc.go.jp

Koji Sugie
Research & Development Center
for Global Change
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
2-5 Natsushima-tyo
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japansugie@jamstec.go.jp

Yoshikazu Sasai
Research and Development Center
for Global Change
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
3173-25 Showa-machi,
Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-0001
Japan
ysasai@jamstec.go.jp

Hiroya Sugisaki
Research Center for Fisheries
Oceanography and Marine
Ecosystem
National Research Institute ofFisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan

Hiroko Sasaki
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
hirosasaki@affrc.go.jp
Chiyuki Sassa
Seikai National Fisheries ResearchInstitute, FRA
1551-8 Taira-machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213
Japan
csassa@fra.affrc.go.jp
Jun Shoji
Takehara Fisheries Research Lab.
Hiroshima University
1-4-4 Kagamiyama
Higashi-hiroshima,
Hiroshima 739-8528
Japanjshoji@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Go Suzuki
Seikai National Fisheries ResearchInstitute, FRA
148 Fukai-Ota
Ishigaki, Okinawa 9070451
Japan
gosuzu@fra.affrc.go.jp
Koji Suzuki
Faculty of Environmental Earth
Science
Hokkaido University
North 10 West 5, Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japankojis@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Toru Suzuki
Marine Information ResearchCenterJapan Hydrographic Association
1-6-6-6F Hanedakuko
Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0041
Japan
suzuki@mirc.jha.jp
Kazuaki Tadokoro
Stock Productivity Section
Tohoku National Fisheries
Research Institute, FRA
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001
Japan
den@affrc.go.jp

PICES-2016
Motomitsu Takahashi
Fisheries Management andOceanography Department
Seikai National Fisheries ResearchInstitute, FRA
1551-8 Taira-machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213
Japantakahamt@fra.affrc.go.jp

Makoto Tomiyasu
Graduate School of Environmental
Science
Hokkaido University
DIAPALACE Hakodatenanbuzaka
406 Suehiro-cho 5-7
Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-0053
Japanoryzae3435@theia.ocn.ne.jp

Akinori Takasuka
National Research Institute ofFisheries Science
Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japantakasuka@affrc.go.jp

Atsushi Tsuda
Atmosphere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
tsuda@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Tsutomu Tamura*
The Institute of Cetacean Research
4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku
Tokyo, 104-0055
Japantamura@cetacean.jp*representative of IWC
Hiroshige Tanaka
Kushiro Laboratory
Hokkaido National Fisheries
Research Institute, FRA
116 Katsurakoi
Kushiro, Kushiro 085-0802
Japan
tanakahs@affrc.go.jp
Genki Terauchi*
Northwest Pacific Region
Environmental Cooperation
Center
5-5 Ushijimashinmachi
Toyama, Toyama 930-0856
Japanterauchi@npec.or.jp*representative of NOWPAP
Osamu Tominaga
Marine Bioresources
Fukui Prefectural Uniiversity
49-8-2 Katsumi
Obama, Fukui 917-0116
Japantominaga@fpu.ac.jp

Tomohiko Tsunoda
Ocean Policy Research Institute
Sasakawa Peace Foundation
1-15-16 Toranomon Minato-ku
Tokyo, 105-8524
Japan
t-tsunoda@spf.or.jp
Hiromichi Ueno
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanueno@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Mikinori Ueno
Faculty of Fisheries
Nagasaki University
1-14 Bunkyo-Machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521
Japan
miki12131989@gmail.com
Tomowo Watanabe
Headquaters, FRA
15F Queen’s Tower B,
2-3-3 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115
Japan
wattom@affrc.go.jp

Yutaka Watanuki
Graduate School of Fisheries
Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-8611
Japanywata@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Atsushi Yamaguchi
Marine Biology Laboratory(Plankton)
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japana-yama@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Orio Yamamura
Hokkaido National Fisheries
Research Institute, FRA
116 Katsurakoi
Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802
Japan
orioy@affrc.go.jp
Hiroya Yamano
Center for Environmental Biology
and Ecosystem Studies
National Institute forEnvironmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506
Japanhyamano@nies.go.jp
Hidekatsu Yamazaki
Department of Ocean Sciences
Tokyo University of Marine
Science and Technology
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo, 108-8477
Japan
hide@kaiyodai.ac.jp
Ichiro Yasuda
Atmosphere and Ocean ResearchInstitute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Chiba, Kashiwa 277-8564
Japanichiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp349

PICES-2016

Hiroki Yasuma
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato
Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611
Japan
yasuma@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Sayaka Yasunaka
RCGC
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth
Science and Technology(JAMSTEC), FRA
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, 237-0061
Japanyasunaka@jamstec.go.jp
Michio Yoneda
Hakatajima Station
National Research Institute ofFisheries and Environment of
Inland Sea
Kinoura 2780, Hakata
Imabari, 794-2305
Japan
myoneda@fra.affrc.go.jp
Taichi Yonezawa
Japan NUS Co., Ltd.
Nishi-Shinjuku Kimuraya
Bldg. 5F
Tokyo, 160-0023
Japanyonezawa-t@janus.co.jp
Takafumi Yoshida
NOWPAP CEARAC
5-5 Ushijima Shin-machi
Toyama, 930-0856
Japanyoshida@npec.or.jp
Naoki Yoshie
Center for Marine Environmental
Studies
Ehime University
2-5 Bunkyo-cho
Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577
Japanyoshie.naoki.mm@ehime-u.ac.jp

350

Alexander Zavolokin*
North Pacific FisheriesCommission
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo, 1088477
Japan
azavolokin@npfc.int*representative of NPFC

Korea, R
Joon Geon An
Oil and POPs Research
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
Jangmok myon,
Jangmok 1-Gil, 41Geoje,
Gyeongsangnam-do 656-834
Korea, R
keemo@kiost.ac.kr
HoJin Bae
Marine Biology
45 Yongso-ro Nam-gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, R
hjbae0@pukyong.ac.kr
Minkyoung Bang
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
45 Yongso-ro Nam-gu
Ansan, 15627
Korea, Rb910111@kiost.ac.kr
Kyung-Il Chang
School of Earth and Environmental
SciencesSeoul National University
Gwanak-599,
Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu
Seoul, 151-742
Korea, Rkichang@snu.ac.kr

Keyseok Choe
Office of Research Planning
National Marine Biodiversity
Institute of Korea
101-75 Jangsan-ro
Janghang-eup, Seocheon-gun,
Chungnam 33662
Korea, R
kschoe@mabik.re.kr
A-Ra Choi
Hean-roAnsan, 15627
Korea, Rarachoi@kiost.ac.kr
Jung Hwa Choi
National Institute of Fisheries
Sciences
Eastern South Fisheries Science
Center397-68, Sanyangilju-ro,
Sanyang-eup
Tongyeong-si, 53085
Korea, R
choi2291@korea.kr
Keun-Hyung Choi
Department of Oceanography andOcean Environmental Sciences
Chungnam National University
Daehak-ro 99, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34134
Korea, R
keunhchoi@cnu.ac.kr
Kwang-Sik Albert Choi
School of Marine Biomedical
Sciences
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehakno
Jeju, 690-756
Korea, Rskchoi@jejunu.ac.kr

PICES-2016

Minkyu Choi
Marine Environment Research
Division
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup,
Gijang-gun
Busan, 619-705
Korea, Rmkchoi3@korea.kr
Sang-Hwa Choi
Ocean Observation andInformation Section
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
1270 Sa-dongAnsan, Gyeonggi-do 15627
Korea, Rchoish@kiost.ac.kr
Kihyuk Eom
Ocean Climate & Ecology
Research Division
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
ekh4465@korea.kr
In-Seong Han
Ocean Climate & Ecology
Research Division
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
Gijanghaean-ro 216,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 619-705
Korea, R
hisjamstec@korea.kr
Hyun-Ki Hong
Department of Marine Life
Sciences
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehakno
Jeju, 690756
Korea, R
hyunki@jejunu.ac.kr

Dong-Woon Hwang
Marine Environment Research
Division
Natioanl institute of Fisheries
Science/Ministry of Oceans andFisheries
216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup,
Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
dwhwang@korea.kr
Jung-Ho Hyun
Department of Marine Sciences
and Convergent Technology
Hanyang University
55 Hanyangdaehak-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, 15588
Korea, R
hyunjh@hanyang.ac.kr
Chan Joo Jang
Ocean Circulation Research
Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627
Korea, R
cjjang@kiost.ac.kr
Chanhyung Jeon
Inha University
100 Inharo, Incheon
Incheon, 22212
Korea, R
chanhyungjeon@gmail.com
Hee-Dong Jeong*
East Sea Fisheries InstituteNational Fisheries Researchand Development Institute(NFRDI),MOF
1194 Haean-ro, Yeongok-Myeon
Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-861
Korea, R
hdjeong@korea.kr*representative of NEAR-GOOS

Jinyong Jeong
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology
787 Haean-roAnsan, 15627
Korea, R
jyjeong@kiost.ac.kr
Kwang-Young Jeong
Ocean Research Division
Korea Hydrographic andOceanographic Agency(KHOA)
351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
kwangyoung@korea.kr
Semi Jeong
Department of Oceanography
Pukyong National University
45 Yongso-ro Nam-gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, Rjeongsemi317@gmail.com
Yang-Jin Jo
Pukyong National University
45 Yongso-ro Nam-gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, R
didwlstm@gmail.com
Se-Jong Ju
Deep-Sea and Seabed Resources
Research Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627
Korea, R
sjju@kiost.ac.kr
Heeseok Jung
Physical Oceanography Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
Sa 2-dong, Sangrok-gu, Ansan-si
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-744
Korea, R
jhs86@kiost.ac.kr

351

PICES-2016
Kyung Tae Jung
Marine Environmental
Radioactivity Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangrok-gu
Ansan, 15627
Korea, R
ktjung@kiost.ac.kr
Sukgeun Jung
School of Marine Biomedical
Sciences
Jeju National University
1 Ara 1-dong, 102 Jejudaehakno
Jeju, 690-756
Korea, Rsukgeun.jung@gmail.com
Hee Joong Kang
Marine Production System
Management
Pukyong National University559-1 Daeyeon 3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
kanghj@pukyong.ac.kr
Sukyung Kang
Fisheries Resources Research
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
216 Haean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, Rsukyungkang@korea.kr
Dong Guk Kim
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-roAnsan, 426-744
Korea, R
kdk21ca@kiost.ac.kr
Han Ju Kim
Marine Biology Dept.
Pukyong National University
45 Yongso-ro Nam-gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, R
ohcw@pknu.ac.kr
352

Hyun Woo Kim
Department of Marine Biology
Pukyong National University
45 Yongso-ro Nam-gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, R
kimhw@pknu.ac.kr

Moojin Kim
Marine Biology
Pukyong National University
3 Daeyeon-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
kimmj1238@naver.com

Hyung Chul Kim
Marine Environment
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
hckim072@korea.kr

SeongEun Kim
45, Yongso-ro, Nam-Gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, R
kse91@nate.com

Joo-Hwan Kim
Department of Life Science
Hanyang University
222 Wangshimni-ro, Seongdong-gu
Seoul, 133-791
Korea, R
ikart00@nate.com
Jung Yeon Kim
Marine Ecology
Pukyong National University
110-122, Sintanjin-dong,
Daedeok-gu, Daejeon
Daejeon, 113-31
Korea, R
kim-j-y6573@hanmail.net
Kyeong Ok Kim
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-roAnsan, 15627
Korea, R
kokim@kiost.ac.kr
Kyung-Ryul Kim
GIST College
123 Buk-Gu Chemdanguagi-ro
Gwangju, 500-712
Korea, R
krkim@snu.ac.kr

Suam Kim
Department of Marine Biology
Pukyong National University559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
suamkim@pknu.ac.kr
Sung Yong Kim
Environmental Fluid Mechanics
Laboratory (EFML)
Department of MechanicalEngineering, KAIST
291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34141
Korea, R
syongkim@kaist.ac.kr
Tae Hoon Kim
Earth and Marine Science
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehakno, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju, 63243
Korea, R
thkim@jejunu.ac.kr
Taewon Kim
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, 15627
Korea, R
ktwon@kiost.ac.kr
Taewon Kim
Sangnok-gu Haean-ro 787
Ansan, 15627
Korea, Rmarlover7@gmail.com

PICES-2016
Yeseul Kim
Research Department
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
2670 Iljudongro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, 63349
Korea, R
yees0408@kiost.ac.kr
Christina Eunjin Kong
2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, Jeju-d 63349
Korea, Rcejkong@kiost.ac.kr
Jung No Kwon
Marine Environment Research
Division
NIFS
216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 619-705
Korea, R
jungnok@korea.kr
You Jung Kwon
Distant Water Fisheries Resources
Division
216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup,
Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
youjungkwon@gmail.com
Byeong Wook Lee
Baekyangdaero 1103 2-102
Busan, 616-751
Korea, Rbwlee6263@gmail.com
Chungho Lee
Ocean Research Division
Korea Hydrographic andOceanographic Agency (KHOA)
351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, Rchlee01@korea.kr

Hwa Hyun Lee
Marine Biology
Pukyong National University559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
proxima07@hanmail.net
Jae-Hak Lee
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Research Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 15627
Korea, Rjhlee@kiost.ac.kr
Joon-Soo Lee
Korea Oceanographic Data Center,
Ocean Climate & Ecology
Research Division
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS), MOF
216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
leejoonsoo@korea.kr
Junghyup Lee Lee
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
62 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 305-338
Korea, R
k722ljh@kins.re.kr
Kyung-Jae Lee
School of Earth and Environmental
ScienceSeoul National Univeristy
1 Kwan-ak
Seoul, KS013
Korea, R
kjlee@curl.snu.ac.kr
Taehee Lee
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
2670 Iljudong-ro
Jeju, 695-975
Korea, Rthlee@kiost.ac.kr

Won Chan Lee
Marine environment researchdivision
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
phdleewc@korea.kr
Seul-Ye Lim
Department of Energy Policy
Seoul National University of
Science & Technology
232 Gongreung-Ro, Nowon-Gu
Seoul, 01811
Korea, Rsylim@seoultech.ac.kr
Weol-Ae Lim
Oceanic Climate and Ecology
Research Division
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
limwa@korea.kr
Andrew Jin Yi Loh
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil
Geoje, Gyeongsangnam-do
656-834
Korea, R
andrew@kiost.ac.kr
Hye-Won Moon
Marine Invertebrate Team-1
Marine Biodiversity Institute of
Korea
Jangsan-ro 101-75, Janghang-eup
Seochun-gun, 33663
Korea, R
hwmoon@mabik.re.kr

353

PICES-2016
Hanna Na
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, 15627
Korea, R
hanna@kiost.ac.kr
Chul-woong Oh
Department of Marine Biology
Pukyong national University559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
ohcw@pknu.ac.kr
Chul Park
Department of Oceanography
Chungnam National University
99 Daehangro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 305-764
Korea, R
chulpark@cnu.ac.kr
Hee Yoon Park
Korea Hydrographic andOceanographic Agency
351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
drhypark@korea.kr
Jinsoo Park
Jejusi, Parksungneseogil 6, 303 Ho
Jeju, KS003
Korea, Rgreemoon89@gmail.com
Kyeong Dong Park
Institute of Fisheries Resources
Ecology (FRE)Jangseok BD 4F, 39-5,
Suyeong-ro 298 beon-gil, Nam-gu
Busan, 48498
Korea, R
fre9895@gmail.com

354

Mi Ok Park
Oceanography
Pukyong National University
45 Yongso Rd.
Busan, Nam gu 48537
Korea, R
mopark@pknu.ac.kr
Taegyu Park
Southeast Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute
National Institute of Fisheries
Science (NIFS)
Younwoon-ri 361, Sanyang-eup
Tongyeong, 53085
Korea, Rtaegyupark@korea.kr
Young-Gyu Park
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Research Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
1270 Sa2-dongAnsan, 425-600
Korea, R
ypark@kiost.ac.kr
Young-Gyu Park
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-roAnsan, 15627
Korea, R
ypark@kiost.ac.kr
Seongbong Seo
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-744
Korea, Rsbseo@kiost.ac.kr
Jeong Hee Shim
Marine Resources andEnvironment Department
East Sea Fisheries ResearchInstitute, NIFS
1194 Haean-ro, Yeongok-myeon
Gangneung, Gangwon-do 25435
Korea, Rjshim@korea.kr

Won Joon Shim
Oil & POPs Research Group
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, R
wjshim@kiost.ac.kr
Ho-Jeong Shin
Ocean Circulation and Climate
Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
787 Haean-ro, Sangnok-gu
Ansan, Gyeonggi-do 426-744
Korea, R
hojeong.shin@gmail.com
Hyun-Sung Yang
Jeju Environment Research Section
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, Jeju-do 63349
Korea, R
hsyang@kiost.ac.kr
Inyoung Yeo
Center for Environmental
Radiation and Radioactivity
Assessment
Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety
62 Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34142
Korea, R
Un Hyuk Yim
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology
Jangmok-1gil 41
Geoje, Gyungnam 656-834
Korea, Ruhyim@kiost.ac.kr
Chaewon Yoo
558-4 Sungbok-dong, Suji-gu
Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 16804
Korea, Rbatteryinyourlegs@gmail.com

PICES-2016
Seung-Hoon Yoo
Department of Energy Policy
232 Gongreung-Ro, Nowon-Gu
Seoul, 01811
Korea, Rshyoo@seoultech.ac.kr
Sinjae Yoo
Jeju International Marine Science
Center for Research & Education
Korea Institute of Ocean Scienceand Technology (KIOST)
2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, Jeju-do 695-975
Korea, R
Tae-Ho Yoon
Interdisciplinary program of
Biomedical Mechanical &Electrical Engineering
Pukyong National University
Daeyeon 3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, KS012
Korea, R
bluemarine64@pukyong.ac.kr
Chang-Ik Zhang
Division of Marine Production
System Management
Pukyong National University559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
cizhang@pknu.ac.kr

MéxicoJaime Farber-Lorda
Ecology Department
CICESE
Carr. Tijuana-Ensenada 3918
Zona Playitas
Ensenada, Baja California 22860
Méxicojfarber@cicese.mx

Eliana Gómez Ocampo
Ecologia Marina
CICESE
Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas
Ensenada,
Baja California Norte 22860
Méxicoeliana.gomez@gmail.com
Salvador E. Lluch-Cota
CONACyT
Insurgentes sur 5052
Mexico, Mexico 04400
Méxicoslluch@conacyt.mx
Yutzil Lora-Cabrera
Análisis
Grupo de Ecología y Conservaciónde IslasAvenida Moctezuma 836,
Zona Centro
Ensenada, Baja California 22800
Méxicoyutzil.lora@islas.org.mx
Guido Marinone
Director General
CICESE
Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918, Zona Playitas
Ensenada, Baja California 22860
Méxicomarinone@cicese.mx
David Martinez-Cervantes
Análisis
Grupo de Ecología y Conservaciónde IslasAvenida Moctezuma 836
Enseanda, Baja California 22800
Méxicodavid.martinez@islas.org.mx

Orion Norzagaray
Ocean Chemistry
UABC
Carretera Tijuana-Ensenada Km7
Ensenada, Baja California 22819
Méxicoorion.norlop@gmail.com
Norma Lidia Oliva Méndez
Chemical Oceanography
Universidad Autonoma de Baja
California
Calle 11 privada la jolla
1587-110 fraccionamiento misi
Ensenada, Baja California 22830
Méxiconorma.oliva@gmail.com
Edgar Pavía
Division of Oceanology
CICESE
Carretera Ensenada Tijuana 3918 Zona Playitas
Ensenada, Baja California 22860
Méxicoepavia@cicese.mx
Romeo Saldívar-Lucio
Fisheries and Marine Biology
Interdisciplinary Center of Marine
Sciences (CICIMAR-IPN)
Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacionals/n Col. PlayLa Paz, Baja California Sur 23096
Méxicoromeo26_1979@yahoo.com
Jose Augusto Valencia Gasti
Universidad Autónoma de Baja
California
11 St., PRV. La Joya 1587Apt. 110
Ensenada, Baja California 22860
Méxicogasterojag@gmail.com

Daniela Munguía-Cajigas
Grupo de Ecología y Conservaciónde Islas836 Moctezuma
Ensenada, Baja California 22800
Méxicodaniela.munguia@islas.org.mx

355

PICES-2016

MonacoPolandPeter (cancelled)
Department of Nuclear Sciences
and Applications
International Atomic Energy
Agency
IAEA Environment Laboratories,
4, Quai Antoine 1er
Monaco, 98000
MonacoP.Swarzenski@iaea.org

Maciej Telszewski*
International Ocean Carbon
Coordination Project
Ul. Powstancow Warszawy 55
Sopot, Pomorskie 81-712
Polandm.telszewski@ioccp.org*representative of IOCCP

RussiaNorwayKen Drinkwater*
Oceanography
Institute of Marine Research (IMR)
P.O. Box 1870,
Nordnes Bergen, N-5817
Norwayken.drinkwater@imr.no*representative of ESSAS
Olav Sigurd Kjesbu
Hjort Centre for Marine Ecosystem
Dynamics
Institute of Marine Research
P.O. Box 1870,
Nordnes, 50 Nordnesgaten
Bergen, 5817
Norwayolav.kjesbu@imr.no
Benjamin PlanqueInstitute of Marine Research (IMR)
6404 Postboks
Tromsø, 9294
Norwaybenjamin.planque@imr.no
Gro I. van der Meeren
Institute of Marine Research
IMBER IPO
Nordnesgt. 33
Bergen, NO-5718
Norwaygrom@imr.no356

Andrey G. Andreev
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological
Institute (POI), FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiaandreev@poi.dvo.ru
Tatyana V. Belonenko
Department of Oceanography
Saint Petersburg State University
33/35 10th LineSaint Petersburg, 199178
Russiabtvlisab@yandex.ru
Lev Bocharov
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, 690091
Russiainterdept@tinro-center.ru
Irina Bocharova
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, 690091
Russiatanushik_s@hotmail.com

Pavel O. Emelin
The Laboratory of Applied
Biocenology
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiaemelin.tinro@gmail.com
Tatiana A. Gorbach
Medical Center
Far Eastern Federal University
10, settlement Ajax, Russky Island,
Vladivostok ,Primorskiy Kray 690000
Russiatag74@mail.ru
Polina Kameneva
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB
RAS
17 Palchevskogo St.
Vladivostok, 690041
Russiapopkovap@mail.ru
Oleg Katugin
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, 690091
Russiaokatugin@mail.ru
Alexey A. Khoruzhiy
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690090
Russiaalex.khoruzhiy@gmail.com

PICES-2016
Miron Kirichuk
A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute ofMarine Biology, FEB RAS,
Vladivostok Russia
Zavoiko str., 2 , ap.44
Vladivostok, 690041
Russiamiron_kb@yahoo.com
Kirill Kivva
Climatic Bases of Biological
Productivity Laboratory
Russian Federal Research Instituteof Fisheries and Oceanography(VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiakirill.kivva@gmail.com
Vladimir V. Kulik
Regional Data Center
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiavladimir.kulik@tinro-center.ru
Ekaterina Kurilova
Khabarovsk Branch of TINROCenter
13-A Amursky Blvd.
Khabarovsk, 680028
Russiakaty_k07@mail.ru
Tatyana S. Lishavskaya
Oceanography and Marine Ecology
Far Eastern Regional
Hyrdometeorological ResearchInstitute (FERHRI)
24 Fontannaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiatlishavskaya@ferhri.ru

Vyacheslav B. Lobanov*
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological
Institute (POI), FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russialobanov@poi.dvo.ru*representative of NEAR-GOOS
Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan
Department of Informatics
Institute of Radioengineering andElectronics, RAS
1 Vvedensky Sq.
Fryazino, 141190
Russiaferd47@mail.ru
Georgiy S. Moiseenko
Satellite Monitoring Laboratory
Russian Federal Research Instituteof Fisheries and Oceanography(VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiageorgem@vniro.ru
Vadim V. Navrotsky
General Oceanology
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological
Institute (POI), FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiavnavr@poi.dvo.ru
Olga Novikova
Kamchatka Research Institute ofFisheries and Oceanography(KamchatNIRO)
18 Naberezhnaya St.
PetropavlovskKamchatsky, Kamchatka 683000
RussiaNovikova.o.v@kamniro.ru

Alexei M. Orlov
Laboratory of Sea Fishes of theRussian Far East
Russian Federal Research Instituteof Fisheries and Oceanography(VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiaorlov@vniro.ru
Konstantin A. Rogachev
Ocean Physics Department
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological
Institute (POI), FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiarogachev@poi.dvo.ru
Tatiana Semenova
International Cooperation
Department
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiatatiana.semenova@tinro-center.ru
Igor I. Shevchenko
Department of Information
Technology
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690950
Russiaigor@tinro.ru

357

PICES-2016
Anna Skvortsova
Department for International
Scientific Cooperation
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4, Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiaanna.skvortsova@tinro-center.ru
Mikhail Stepanenko
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiastepanenko@tinro.ru
Inna V. Stonik
Institute of Marine Biology, FEB
RAS
17 Palchevskogo St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiainnast2004@mail.ru
Olga O. Trusenkova
Laboratory of Physical
Oceanography
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological
Institute (POI), FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiatrolia@poi.dvo.ru
Elena I. Ustinova
Laboratory of Fisheries
Oceanography
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiaeustinova@mail.ru

358

Parviz Zare
Sovetsky Prospektkaliningrad, 236022
Russiaparvizzare58@yahoo.com
Yury I. Zuenko
Fisheries Oceanography
Pacific Scientific Research
Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiazuenko_yury@hotmail.com

Spain
Luis ValdésInstituto Espanol de Oceanografia
Promontorio San Martin s/nSantander, 39004
Spainluis.valdes@st.ieo.es

Switzerland
Nuria Casacuberta
Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics,
Environmental Physics
ETH Zürich
5 Otto-Stern-Weg
Zurich, 8093
Switzerland
ncasacuberta@phys.ethz.ch

U.S.A.
Vera Alexander
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
3875 Geist Rd. Ste.E
pmb 296
Fairbanks, AK 99709
U.S.A.
valexander@alaska.edu

Simone Alin
Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 3
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
simone.r.alin@noaa.gov
Caitlin Allen Akselrud
School of Aquatic and Fishery
Science
University of Washington
300 N 130th St. #8204
Seattle, WA 98133
U.S.A.
cia2@uw.edu
Clarissa Ruth Anderson*
Marine Physical Laboratory
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, California 92093
La Jolla, CA 95073
U.S.A.
clrander@ucsc.edu*representative of SCCOOSDavid Morrill Anderson
Monterey Bay Aquarium ResearchInstitute
Central and Northern California
Ocean Observing System
7700 Sandholdt Rd.
Moss Landing, CA 95039
U.S.A.
dmanderson@mbari.org
Allen Hia Andrews
Life History - FRMDNOAA Fisheries
1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
allen.andrews@noaa.gov

PICES-2016
Toby Daniel Auth
Hatfield Marine Science Center,
CIMRS
Pacific States Marine FisheriesCommission
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
toby.auth@noaa.gov
Matthew Baker*
North Pacific Research Board(NPRB)
1007 West Third Ave., Suite 100
Anchorage, AK 99501
U.S.A.
Matthew.Baker@nprb.org*representative of NPRB
Caren Barceló
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Admin. Bldg
Corvallis, OR 97330
U.S.A.
cbarcelo@coas.oregonstate.edu
Jack A. Barth*
College of Earth, Ocean, andAtmospheric Sciences (CEOAS)
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
U.S.A.
barth@coas.oregonstate.edu*representative of CeNCOOS
Simone Baumann-Pickering
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093
U.S.A.
sbaumann@ucsd.edu
Elizabeth A. Becker
Marine Mammal and Turtle
Division
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center (SWFSC), NMFS, NOAA
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95069
U.S.A.
elizabeth.becker@noaa.gov

Paige Berube
2500 L St
Sacramento, 95816
U.S.A.
paigeberube@gmail.com
Sabrina Beyer
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
sabrina.beyer@noaa.gov
Steven J. Bograd
Environmental Research Division
NOAA NMFS SWFSC
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Monterey, CA 93940
U.S.A.
steven.bograd@noaa.gov
Nicholas A. Bond
Joint Institute for the Study ofAtmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
University of Washington
Box 354925
Seattle, WA 98195-4925
U.S.A.
nicholas.bond@noaa.gov
Stephen Brandt
Fisheries and Wildlife
Oregon State University
104 Nash Hall
Corvallis, OR 97331
U.S.A.
stephen.brandt@oregonstate.edu
Richard D. Brodeur
Fish Ecology, HMSC
National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov
Jessica Avalon Bullington
University of California, Santa
Barbara316 Ardennes Cir
Seaside, CA 93955
U.S.A.
bullington.jessica@gmail.com

Antonietta Capotondi
Physical Sciences Division
University of Colorado
325 Broadway
Boulder, CO 80305
U.S.A.
Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov
James T. Carlton
Maritime Studies
Williams College
75 Greenmanville Ave.
Mystic, CT 06355
U.S.A.
james.t.carlton@williams.edu
John Chapman
Department of Fisheries & Wildlife
Hatfield Marine Science Center
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365-5296
U.S.A.
john.chapman@oregonstate.edu
David M. Checkley
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
University of California, San
Diego
9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093-0218
U.S.A.
dcheckley@ucsd.edu
C. Anela ChoyMonterey Bay Aquarium ResearchInstitute
7700 Sandholdt Rd.
Moss Landing, CA 95039
U.S.A.
anela@mbari.org
Lorenzo Ciannelli
College of Oceanic andAtmospheric Sciences (COAS)
Oregon State University
104 COAS Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis, OR 97331
U.S.A.
lciannel@coas.oregonstate.edu

359

PICES-2016

William P. Cochlan
Romberg Tiburon Center for
Environmental Studies
San Francisco State University
3152 Paradise Dr.
Tiburon, CA 94920-1205
U.S.A.
cochlan@sfsu.edu

Lynn M. deWitt
Environmental Research Division
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS, NOAA
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
Lynn.Dewitt@noaa.gov

Lisa B. Eisner
TSMRI/Auke Bay Laboratories
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
lisa.eisner@noaa.gov

Christina Lyn ConrathResource Assessment andConservation Engineering
Division
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
Kodiak Laboratory, 301 Research
Court
Kodiak, AK 99615
U.S.A.
Christina.Conrath@noaa.gov

Emanuele Di Lorenzo
School of Earth and Atmospheric
Sciences
Georgia Institute of Technology
311 Ferst Dr.
Atlanta, GA 30332
U.S.A.
edl@gatech.edu

Meredith Elliott
Point Blue Conservation Science
3820 Cypress Dr #11
Petaluma, CA 94954
U.S.A.
melliott@pointblue.org

Keith R. Criddle
Juneau Center for Fisheries andOcean Science
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
kcriddle@alaska.edu
Elizabeth Daly (cancelled)
CIMRS
Oregon State University
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
elizabeth.daly@oregonstate.edu
Seth Danielson
Institute of Marine Science, Schoolof Fisheries and Ocean Science
University of Alaska Fairbanks
905 N. Koyukuk Dr.,245 O’Neill Bldg.
Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220
U.S.A.
Peter Charles Davison
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093-0218
U.S.A.
pdavison@ucsd.edu

360

Dorothy Dick
Oregon State University
420 NW 8th St Apt 2
Corvallis, OR 97330
U.S.A.
doridick14@gmail.com
Gerard Thomas DiNardo*
Fisheries Resources Division
NOAA Southwest Fisheries
Science Center
8901 La Jolla Shores Drive
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Gerard.DiNardo@noaa.gov*representative of ISC
Xiuning Du
Cooperative Institue for Marine
Resources Studies
Oregon State University
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
xiuningdu@gmail.com
Janet Duffy-Anderson
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Janet.Duffy-Anderson@noaa.gov

Edward Farley
DOC
NOAA/NMFS/AFSC
17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
ed.farley@noaa.gov
Gavin Fay
Department of Fisheries
Oceanography, School for
Marine Science and Technology
University of Massachusetts
Dartmouth
200 Mill Rd.
Suite 325
Fairhaven, MA 02719
U.S.A.
gfay@umassd.edu
Richard A. Feely
Ocean Climate Research Div.,NOAA/PMEL
Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory/NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Richard.A.Feely@noaa.gov
Ron Felthoven
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
ron.felthoven@noaa.gov

PICES-2016

Jerome Fiechter
Institute of Marine Sciences
University of California Santa
Cruz
1156 High St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
U.S.A.
fiechter@ucsc.edu
Paul Fiedler
NOAA Fisheries
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Paul.Fiedler@noaa.gov
John C. Field
Fisheries Ecology
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center (SWFSC), NMFS, NOAA
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
John.Field@noaa.gov
Alyson Fleming
National Museum of Natural
History, Smithsonian Institution
P.O. Box 37012 Smithsonian Inst.
Washington, DC 20013
U.S.A.
alyson.fleming@gmail.com
Robert Foy
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
National Marine Fisheries Service,
NOAA
301 Research Court
Kodiak, AK 99615
U.S.A.
robert.foy@noaa.gov
Jin Gao
Joint Institute for the Study ofAtmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
University of Washington
1122 NE Boat St.
Seattle, WA 98195
U.S.A.
jingao84@gmail.com

Hernan Eduardo Garcia
National Centers forEnvironmental Information(NCEI)NOAA NCEI
1315 East West Hwy,
SSMC-III, E/OC5, Room 4626
Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282
U.S.A.
Hernan.Garcia@noaa.gov
Jonathan Geller
Moss Landing Marine Laboratories
8272 Moss Landing Rd.
Moss Landing, CA 95039
U.S.A.
geller@mlml.calstate.edu
Brandon Michael Genco
Geography
University of Hawaii at Manoa
445 Saunders Hall2424 Maile Way
Honolulu, HI 96822
U.S.A.
bmgenco@hawaii.edu
Samuel E. GeorgianMarine Conservation Institute4010 Stone Way N
Suite 210
Seattle, WA 98103
Seattle, PA 98103
U.S.A.
samuel.georgian@marineconservation.org
Reva Gillman
Marine Resource Management
Oregon State Univeristy
104 CEOAS Administration Bldg
Corvallis, OR 97331
U.S.A.
gillmanr@oregonstate.edu

Esther Diane Goldstein
Recruitment Processes Program,
Resource Assessment andConservation Engineering
Division
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries
Science Center
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Esther.Goldstein@noaa.gov
Burke Hales
College of Oceanic andAtmospheric Sciences (COAS)
Oregon State University
104 Ocean Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis, OR 97331
U.S.A.
bhales@coas.oregonstate.edu
Gayle I. Hansen
Botany and Plant Pathology
Oregon State University
HMSC-EPA2111 SE Marine
Science Drive
Newport, OR 97365-5260
U.S.A.
hansengi@outlook.com
Jonathan Hare
Narragansett Lab.
Northeast Fisheries Science Center(NEFSC), NMFS, NOAA
28 Tarzwell Dr.
Narragansett, RI 02882
U.S.A.
jon.hare@noaa.gov
Cheryl Harrison
NCAR
362 Owl DrLouisville, CO 80027
U.S.A.
chsharrison@gmail.com
Cheryl S. Harrison
CGD
NCAR
1850 Table Mesa Dr.
Boulder, CO 80305
U.S.A.
chsharri@ucar.edu
361

PICES-2016

Ryan Jason Hartnett
1305 Crestview Court
Santa Rosa, CA 95403
U.S.A.
ryan.j.hartnett87@gmail.com
Alan C. Haynie
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science
CenterBldg. 4, 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov
Elliott Lee Hazen
Environmental Research Division
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center (SWFSC), NMFS, NOAA
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Pacific Grove, CA 93950
U.S.A.
elliott.hazen@noaa.gov
Melissa Head
Department of Commerce
NOAA/NMFS/NWFSC/FRAM
2725 Montlake Blvd. E.
Seattle, WA 98112
U.S.A.
melissa.head@noaa.gov
Megan Hepner
College of Marine Science
University of South Florida
2558C Lynn Lake Circle S
St. Petersburg, FL 33712
U.S.A.
mhepner@mail.usf.edu
Albert J. Hermann
Joint Institute for the Study ofAtmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
University of Washington
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Albert.J.Hermann@noaa.gov

362

Kathryn A. Higley
Nuclear Engineering and Radiation
Health Physics
Oregon State University
100 Radiation Center
Corvallis, OR 97331-5902
U.S.A.
kathryn.higley@oregonstate.edu

Thomas P. Hurst
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
NOAA-NMFS
Hatfield Marine Science Center,2030 SE Marine Science
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
thomas.hurst@noaa.gov

James R. Hilger
Fisheries Resources Division
NOAA NMFS NWFSC
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
james.hilger@noaa.gov

M. Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez
Ecology, Evolution and Marine
Biology
University of California, Santa
BarbaraSanta Barbara, CA 93106
U.S.A.
iglesias@lifesci.ucsb.edu

Anne B. Hollowed
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov
Kirstin Kari Holsman
AFSC
NOAA Fisheries
7600 Sand Point Way NE,
Bldg. 4
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov
Mary Hunsicker
Northwest Fisheries Science
Center (NWFSC), NMFS,
NOAA
Hatfield Marine Science Center
2032 S. OSU Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
Mary.Hunsicker@noaa.gov
George L Hunt
School of Aquatic and Fishery
Sciences
University of Washington2929 First Ave. # 1207
Seattle, WA 98121
U.S.A.
Geohunt2@UW.edu

Nis Sand Jacobsen
School of Aquatic and Fisheries
Science
University of Washington
1122 NE Boat St.
Seattle, WA 98105
U.S.A.
nissandjac@gmail.com
Jaime Jahncke
Point Blue Conservation Science
3820 Cypress Dr #11
Petaluma, CA 95401
U.S.A.
jjahncke@pointblue.org
Youngji Joh
311 Ferst Dr.
Atlanta, Georgia 30332
U.S.A.
youngji.joh@gmail.com
Timothy Jones
School of Aquatic and Fishery
Sciences
University of Washington
1122 NE Boat St.
Seattle, WA 98105
U.S.A.
timothy.t.jones@gmail.com

PICES-2016

Trevor William Joyce*
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0208
La Jolla, CA 92093
U.S.A.
twjoyce@ucsd.edu*representative of PSG

Gordon H. Kruse*
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
Gordon.Kruse@alaska.edu*representative of NPFMC

Kelly Kearney
Joint Institute for the Study ofAtmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
University of Washington
5844 Northeast 75 St Unit A312
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
kelly.kearney@noaa.gov

Alexander Kurapov
College of Oceanic andAtmospheric Sciences (COAS)
Oregon State University
104 COAS Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis, 97331-5503
U.S.A.
kurapov@coas.oregonstate.edu

Julie E. Keister
School of Oceanography
University of Washington
Box 357940
Seattle, WA 98195
U.S.A.
jkeister@u.washington.edu

Carol Ladd
Pacific Marine Environmental
Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Carol.Ladd@noaa.gov

Aimee Keller
FRAMD
Northeast Fisheries Science Center(NEFSC), NMFS, NOAA
2725 Montlake Blvd. E
Seattle, WA 98112
U.S.A.
aimee.keller@noaa.gov
Suzanne Kohin
NOAA Fisheries, Southwest
Fisheries Science Center
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
suzanne.kohin@noaa.gov
Tony Koslow
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
University of California, SD
Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093-0218
U.S.A.
tkoslow@ucsd.edu

Tanika Marie Ladd
University of California, Santa
BarbaraUniversity of California,
Santa Barbara, CA 93106
U.S.A.
tanika.ladd@lifesci.ucsb.edu
Gwladys Lambert
7600 sand point way NE
Seattle, Washington 98115
U.S.A.
gwladys.lambert@gmail.com
Benjamin J. Laurel
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
ben.laurel@noaa.gov

Peter Wayne Lawson
Hatfield Marine Science CenterNorthwest Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS, NOAA
2032 SE Osu Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
peter.w.lawson@noaa.gov
Timothy S. Lee
School of Marine & Environmental
Affairs
University of Washington
3707 Brooklyn Ave. NE
Seattle, WA 98105
U.S.A.
tim2lee@uw.edu
Henry Lee II
Pacific Coastal Ecology Branch
U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA)
2111 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
lee.henry@epa.gov
Lyndsey Stephanie Lefebvre
UC Santa Cruz & NOAA Fisheries
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
lyndsey.lefebvre@noaa.gov
Naomi M. Levine
Marine and Environmental Biology
University of Southern California
3616 Trousdale Parkway
Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371
U.S.A.
n.levine@usc.edu
Lingbo Li
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
lingboli.fish@gmail.com

363

PICES-2016
Sherry M. Lippiatt
Marine Debris Program
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
1301 Clay St.
Suite 160N
Oakland, CA 94612
U.S.A.
sherry.lippiatt@noaa.gov
Mike Litzow
Farallon Institute101 H St.
Suite Q
Petaluma, CA 94952
U.S.A.
litzow@faralloninstitute.org
Patricia Livingston
Retired NOAA/NMFS/AFSC
8023 Forest Dr. NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
pliving9@comcast.net
Elizabeth A. Logerwell
Resource Assessment andConservation Engineering
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
Libby.Logerwell@noaa.gov
Mark S. Lowry
NOAA Fisheries
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center (SWFSC)
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Mark.Lowry@noaa.gov
Nathan Mantua
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, NOAA-Fisheries
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
nate.mantua@noaa.gov

364

Daniel Margulies*
Inter-American Tropical Tuna
Commission (IATTC)
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
dmargulies@iattc.org*representative of IATTCMark Morales
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
University of California SantaCruz
100 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
mamamora@ucsc.edu

Nikolai Maximenko
IPRC/SOEST
University of Hawaii
1680 East West Rd., POST #401
Honolulu, HI 96822
U.S.A.
maximenk@hawaii.edu

Wendy E. Morrison
Sustainable Fisheries
National Marine Fisheries Service
1315 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20853
U.S.A.
wendy.morrison@noaa.gov

Richard S. McBride
Northeast Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
166 Water St.
Woods Hole, MA 02543
U.S.A.
richard.mcbride@noaa.gov

Kirsten Victoria Moy
Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative
University of Hawaii at Manoa,
Social Science Research Institute2424 Maile Way, #718
Honolulu, HI 96822
U.S.A.
kmoy@hawaii.edu

Sam McClatchie
Fisheries Resources Division
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center (SWFSC), NMFS, NOAA
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037-1509
U.S.A.
Sam.McClatchie@noaa.gov
Susanne Finckh McDermott
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Susanne.Mcdermott@noaa.gov
Art Miller
CASPO
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography, UCSDMESOM, Room 325,
(SIO-UCSD 0206)
La Jolla, CA 92093-0206
U.S.A.
ajmiller@ucsd.edu

Franz J. Mueter*
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
fmueter@alaska.edu*representative of ESSAS
Barbara Muhling
201 Forrestal Rd.
Princeton, 08540
U.S.A.
Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov
Phillip R. Mundy
Auke Bay Laboratories
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
Ted Stevens Marine ResearchInstitute, 17109 Pt. Lena L
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
Phil.mundy@noaa.gov

PICES-2016
Shahid Naeem
Ecology, Evolution and Envir.
Biology
Columbia University
1200 Amsterdam Ave.
10th Fl.
New York, New York 10027
U.S.A.
saratjossem@gmail.com
Stephanie Nehasil
NOAA Fisheries
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
senehasil@gmail.com
Sandra Neidetcher
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Sandi.Neidetcher@noaa.gov
Delvan Neville
Nuclear Science & Engineering
Oregon State University
100 Radiation Center
Corvallis, OR 97330
U.S.A.
dnevill@gmail.com
Jan Newton*
University of Washington
Applied Physics Laboratory
1013 NE 40th St
Seattle, WA 98105-6698
U.S.A.
janewton@uw.edu*representative of NANOOS
Pavarot Noranarttragoon
1425 H Street Parkside Apartment
Apt.1
Davis, CA 95616
U.S.A.
panora@ucdavis.edu

Loretta O’Brien
NMFS/NEFSC/NOAA
166 Water St.
Woods Hole Laboratory
Woods Hole, MA Woods Hole,
Ma. 02543
U.S.A.
zydesail@hotmail.com
Ivonne Ortiz
Joint Institute for the Study ofAtmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
University of Washington
3737 Brooklyn Ave. NE
Seattle, WA 98105
U.S.A.
ivonne@u.washington.edu
Daniel M. Palacios
Marine Mammal Institute &Fisheries and Wildlife
Oregon State University
Hatfield Marine Science Center,2030 SE Marine Science
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
daniel.palacios@oregonstate.edu
William T. Peterson
Northwest Fisheries Science
Center (NWFSC), NMFS,
NOAA
Hatfield Marine Science Center,2030 SE Marine Science
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
Bill.Peterson@noaa.gov
Colleen Mary Petrik
Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences
Princeton University
Sayre Hall, 300 Forrestal Rd.
Princeton, NJ 08540
U.S.A.
colleenpetrik@gmail.com
Alexei Pinchuk
SFOS - Fisheries Division
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99901
U.S.A.
aipinchuk@alaska.edu

Dimitris Politikos
14 College Farm Rd.
New Brunswick, 08901
U.S.A.
dimitris@esm.rutgers.edu
Jeffrey J. Polovina
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries
Science Center
Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
Jeffrey.Polovina@noaa.gov
Lewis Everett Queirolo
NOAA-NMFS-Alaska Region
440 EAGLE CREST RD
CAMANO ISLAND, WA 98282
U.S.A.
lew.queirolo@noaa.gov
Jonathan Reum
NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Jonathan.Reum@noaa.gov
Natura Richardosn
Alaska Department of Fish andGame
351 Research Ct.
Kodiak, Alaska 99615
U.S.A.
natura.richardson@alaska.gov
Cara Rodgveller
Marine Ecology and Stock
Assessment
NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science
Center17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
cara.rodgveller@noaa.gov
Olga Romanenko
The Pew Charitable Trusts
1904 3rd Avenue
Suite 305
Seattle, Washington 98101
U.S.A.
oromanenko@pewtrusts.org
365

PICES-2016

Chris Rooper
RACE Division
NMFS-Alaska Fishery Science
CenterNOAA NMFS AFSC RACE, 7600
Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
chris.rooper@noaa.gov
Kenneth A. Rose
Oceanography and Coastal
SciencesLouisiana State University
3125 Energy, Coast,and Environment Bldg.
Baton Rouge, LA 70803
U.S.A.
karose@lsu.edu
Thomas C. Royer
CCPO
Old Dominion University
100 Hauoli St, Apt. 412
Wailuku , HI 96793
U.S.A.
tcroyer@gmail.com
Gregory M. Ruiz
Smithsonian Environmental
Research Center
P.O. Box 28
Edgewater, MD 21037
U.S.A.
ruizg@si.edu

Ryan R. Rykaczewski
Department of Biological Sciences
University of South Carolina
715 Sumter St.,
Earth & Water Sciences
Columbia, SC 29208
U.S.A.
ryk@sc.edu

Michael P. Seki
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries
Science Center
Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
Michael.Seki@noaa.gov

Jarrod Santora
University of California, SantaCruz
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
jasantora@gmail.com

Cynthia Sellinger
College of Oceanic andAtmospheric Sciences (COAS)
Oregon State University
104 Nash Hall
Corvallis, 97331
U.S.A.
cynthia.sellinger@oregonstate.edu

Megan Scanderbeg*
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
9500 Gilman Dr. #0230
La Jolla, CA 92093-0230
U.S.A.
mscanderbeg@ucsd.edu*representative of Argo
Adam Schlenger
Biological Oceanography
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography5971 Desert View Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
aschleng@ucsd.edu

Rosa Melida Runcie
Fisheries Resources Division
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Rosa.Runcie@noaa.gov

Erin Marie Schnettler
National Marine Fisheries Service
National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)
1315 East-West Highway,
SSMC3 #13401
Silver Spring, MD 20910
U.S.A.
erin.schnettler@noaa.gov

James Joseph Ruzicka
Cooperative Institute for Marine
Resources Studies, HMSC
Oregon State University
2032 SE Osu Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
jim.ruzicka@oregonstate.edu

Isaac Dale Schroeder
Environmental Research Division
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS, NOAA
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Monterey, CA 93950
U.S.A.
Isaac.Schroeder@noaa.gov

366

Chang Seung
US Dept. of Commerce
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Chang.Seung@noaa.gov
Stephanie Sharuga
The National Academies of
Sciences, Engineering, andMedicine
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
700 Cajundome Blvd
Lafayette, LA 70506
U.S.A.
stephanie_sharuga@fws.gov
C. Tracy Shaw
College of Marine Science
University of South Florida
140 7th Ave S. MSL 119
St. Petersburg, FL 33701
U.S.A.
ctracy.shaw@gmail.com
Staci Simonich
Department of Environmental andMolecular Toxicology
Oregon State University
1007 Ag and Life Science Bldg.
Corvallis, OR 97331-7301
U.S.A.
staci.simonich@oregonstate.edu

PICES-2016

Laura M. Slater
Commercial Fisheries Division
Alaska Department of Fish andGame
351 Research Ct
Kodiak, AK 99615
U.S.A.
laura.slater@alaska.gov

Mark Strom
Science Director’s Office
NOAA-Northwest Fisheries
Science Center
2725 Montlake Blvd. E
Seattle, WA 98112
U.S.A.
Mark.Strom@noaa.gov

Sara Tjossem
School of International & Public
Affairs
Columbia University
420 West 118th St.
New York, NY 10027
U.S.A.
sft2101@columbia.edu

Stephanie Snyder
1232 Darvyville Dr.
Florence, 41042
U.S.A.
smsnyder@ucsd.edu

Robert Suryan
Department of Fisheries andWildlife
Oregon State University
Hatfield Marine Science Center,2030 SE Marine Science
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
rob.suryan@oregonstate.edu

Elizabeth Tobin
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
edtobin@alaska.edu

Paul Spencer
Alaska Fisheries Science Center,
NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
paul.spencer@noaa.gov
Samantha Stevenson
Climate and Global Dynamics
Laboratory
National Center for AtmosphericResearch
1850 Table Mesa Dr.
Boulder, CO 80305
U.S.A.
samantha@ucar.edu
Charles A. StockNOAA Geophysical Fluid
Dynamics Laboratory
Princeton University Forrestal
Campus, 201 Forrestal Rd
Princeton, NJ 08540-6649
U.S.A.
charles.stock@noaa.gov
Hally Bissell Stone
Oceanography
University of Washington
748 North 85th St.
Seattle, WA 98103
U.S.A.
hbstone@uw.edu

Katherine Swiney
Kodiak Laboratory
NMFS, AFSC
301 Research Court
Kodiak, AK 99615
U.S.A.
katherine.swiney@noaa.gov
William J. Sydeman
Farallon Institute
Suite Q, 101 H St.
Petaluma, CA 94952
U.S.A.
wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org
Julie A. Thayer
Farallon Institute101 H St.
Petaluma, CA 94952
U.S.A.
jthayer@faralloninstitute.org
Sarah Ann Thompson
Farallon Institute101 H St.
Suite Q
Petaluma, CA 94952
U.S.A.
sathompson@faralloninstitute.org

Desiree Tommasi
201 Forrestal Rd.
Princeton, NJ 08540
U.S.A.
dtommasi@princeton.edu
Vera L. Trainer
Northwest Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS, NOAA
2725 Montlake Blvd. E
Seattle, WA 98112
U.S.A.
Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov
Nancy C. Treneman
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology
P.O. BOX 1623
Gold Beach, OR 97444
U.S.A.
ntreneman@gmail.com
Elizabeth Turner
National Centers for Coastal Ocean
Science
NOAA National Ocean Service
35 Colovos Road
Room 146 Gregg Hall
UNH
Durham, NH 03824
U.S.A.
elizabeth.turner@noaa.gov

367

PICES-2016

Monica Tydlaska
San Diego State University
14357 Dalhousie Rd.
San Diego, CA 92129
U.S.A.
monicatyd@gmail.com
Edward Urban*
College of Marine and EarthStudies
Scientific Committee on Oceanic
Research
Robinson Hall,
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716
U.S.A.
Ed.Urban@scor-int.org*representative of SCOR
Thomas Van Pelt
Joint Institute for the Study ofAtmosphere and Ocean (JISAO)
University of Washington
7006 25th Ave. NW
Seattle, WA 98117
U.S.A.
tvanpelt@transboundary.net
Cristina Villalobos
Environmental Science, Marine
and Estuarine Science
Western Washington University
250 N state St, Apt. 107
Bellingham, WA 98225
U.S.A.
villalc@wwu.edu
Michael Waine
Domestic Fisheries Division
NOAA Office of Sustainable
Fisheries​1315 East West Highway
Silver Spring, 20910
U.S.A.
michael.waine@noaa.gov
George G Waldbusser
College of Earth, Ocean, andAtmospheric Sciences (CEOAS)
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis, OR 97333
U.S.A.
waldbuss@coas.oregonstate.edu
368

Nancy Wallace
Marine Debris Division
NOAA Office of Response andRestoration
N/ORR, SSMC4, Rm. 10201,
1305 East-West Hwy
Silver Spring, MD 20910
U.S.A.
nancy.wallace@noaa.gov
Pete Warzybok
California Current Group
Point Blue Conservation Science
3820 Cypress Dr #11
Petaluma, CA 94954
U.S.A.
pwarzybok@pointblue.org
Les Watling
Department of Biology
University of Hawaii at Manoa
Edmondson Hall
Honolulu, HI 96822
U.S.A.
watling@hawaii.edu
Jared Weems
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
jdweems@alaska.edu
Brian K. Wells
NOAA Southwest Fisheries
Science Center
Fisheries Ecology Division
110 Shaffer Rd.
Santa Cruz, CA 95060
U.S.A.
brian.wells@noaa.gov
Mark L. Wells
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
5741 Libby Hall
Orono, ME 04469
U.S.A.
mlwells@maine.edu

Cisco Werner*
NOAA/National Marine FisheriesServiceSouthwest Fisheries Science
Center (SWFSC), NMFS, NOAA
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
cisco.werner@noaa.gov*representative of IMBER
Ellen Willis-Norton
Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
UCSC
104 Minnie St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95062-1034
U.S.A.
ewillisn@ucsc.edu
Phoebe Woodworth-Jefcoats
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries
Science Center
Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
phoebe.woodworth-jefcoats@noaa.
gov
Johanna Wren
1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg 176
Honolulu, Hawaii 96816
U.S.A.
johanna.wren@noaa.gov
Ellen Martinson Yasumiishi
NOAA Fisheries
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
ellen.yasumiishi@noaa.gov
Juan Pablo Zwolinski
Institute of Marine Sciences
University of California SantaCruz
UC Santa Cruz, 1156 High St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
U.S.A.
jzwolins@ucsc.edu

PICES-2016

United Kingdom
Nico Caltabiano*International CLIVAR Project
OfficeNational Oceanography Centre
European Way
Southampton,
Hampshire SO14 3ZH
United Kingdom
nico.caltabiano@clivar.org*representative of CLIVAR
Essam Yassin Mohammed
International Institute forEnvironment and Development(IIED)
80-86 Gray’s Inn Rd.
London, WC1X 8NH
United Kingdom
eymohammed@iied.org
John K. Pinnegar
Marine Climate Change Centre(MC3)
Centre for Environment, Fisheries
and Aquaculture Science(CEFAS)
Pakefield Rd.
Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT
United Kingdom
Stephen Widdicombe
Marine Ecology and Biodiversity
Plymouth Marine Laboratory
Prospect Place, West Hoe
Plymouth, Devon PL1 3DH
United Kingdom
swi@pml.ac.uk
Willie Wilson*
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for
Ocean Science
The Laboratory,
Citadel Hill, The Hoe
Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB
United Kingdom
wilwil@sahfos.ac.uk*representative of SAHFOS

369

PICES-2016

Observers from Organizations/Programs
Argo
Megan Scanderbeg
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
9500 Gilman Dr. #0230
La Jolla, CA 92093-0230
U.S.A.
mscanderbeg@ucsd.edu

Franz J. Mueter
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
fmueter@alaska.edu

IAMSLICCeNCOOSJack Barth
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis , OR 97331-5503
U.S.A.
barth@coas.oregonstate.edu

CLIVAR
Nico Caltabiano
International CLIVAR Project
OfficeNational Oceanography Centre
European Way
Southampton,
Hampshire SO14 3ZH
United Kingdom
nico.caltabiano@clivar.org

ESSAS
Ken Drinkwater
Institute of Marine Research (IMR)
P.O. Box 1870,
NordnesBergen, N-5817
Norwayken.drinkwater@imr.no

370

IMBER
Gro van der Meeren
IMBER International Project
OfficeInstitute of Marine Research
P.O. Box 1870
Nordnes5817 Bergen
Norwaygrom@imr.no

Debra A. Losey
La Jolla Laboratory Library
Southwest Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS, NOAA
8604 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.

Cisco Werner
NOAA/National Marine FisheriesServiceSouthwest Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS, NOAA
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
cisco.werner@noaa.gov

IATTC

IOCCP

Daniel Margulies
Inter-American Tropical Tuna
Commission (IATTC)
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
dmargulies@iattc.org

Maciej Telszewski
International Ocean Carbon
Coordination Project
Ul. Powstancow Warszawy 55
Sopot, Pomorskie 81-712
Polandm.telszewski@ioccp.org

ICES

IODE

Cornelius Hammer
International Council for the
Exploration of the Sea (ICES)HC Andersen Blvd 44-46
Copenhagen, 1553
Denmarkcornelius.hammer@thuenen.de

Yutaka Michida
The University of Tokyo
Kashiwanoha 5-1-5
Kashiwa 2778564
Japan
ymichida@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Wojciech Wawrzynski
International Council for the
Exploration of the Sea (ICES)
H.C. Andersens Boulevard 44-46
Copenhagen, 1553
Denmark
Wojciech@ices.dk

PICES-2016

ISC
Gerard Thomas DiNardo
Fisheries Resources Division
NOAA Southwest Fisheries
Science Center
8901 La Jolla Shores Drive
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Gerard.DiNardo@noaa.gov
Chi-Lu Sun
Institute of Oceanography
National Taiwan University
1 section 4 Roosevelt Rd.
TaipeiChinese-Taipei
Chilu@ntu.edu.tw

IWC
Tsutomu Tamura
The Institute of Cetacean Research
4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku
Tokyo, 104-0055
Japantamura@cetacean.jp

NANOOS
Jan Newton
University of Washington
Applied Physics Laboratory
1013 NE 40th St
Seattle, WA 98105-6698
U.S.A.
janewton@uw.edu

NEAR-GOOS

Vyacheslav B. Lobanov
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological
Institute (POI), FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok,
Primorsky Kray 690041
Russialobanov@poi.dvo.ru

NOWPAP
Genki Terauchi
Northwest Pacific Region
Environmental Cooperation
Center
5-5 Ushijimashinmachi
Toyama, Toyama 930-0856
Japanterauchi@npec.or.jp

NPFMC
Gordon H. Kruse
School of Fisheries and Ocean
Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
Gordon.Kruse@alaska.edu

NPRB
Matthew Baker
North Pacific Research Board(NPRB)
1007 West Third Ave., Suite 100
Anchorage, AK 99501
U.S.A.
Matthew.Baker@nprb.org

NPAFC
Vladimir I. Radchenko
North Pacific Anadromous FishCommission502-889 West Pender St.
Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2
Canadavlrad@npafc.org

NPFC
Alexander Zavolokin
North Pacific FisheriesCommission
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo, 1088477
Japan
azavolokin@npfc.int

POGO
Margaret Leinen
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
9500 Gilman Drive
La Jolla, CA 92093
U.S.A.

PSG
Trevor William Joyce
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
University of California San Diego
9500 Gilman Dr. MC 0208
La Jolla, CA 92093
U.S.A.
twjoyce@ucsd.edu

Hee-Dong Jeong
East Sea Fisheries InstituteNational Fisheries Research andDevelopment Institute (NFRDI),
MOF
1194 Haean-ro, Yeongok-Myeon
Gangneung, Gangwon-do 210-861
Korea, R
hdjeong@korea.kr
371

PICES-2016

SAHFOSSCOR

Willie Wilson
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for
Ocean Science
The Laboratory,
Citadel Hill, The Hoe
Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB
United Kingdom
wilwil@sahfos.ac.uk

Edward Urban
College of Marine and EarthStudies
Scientific Committee on Oceanic
Research
Robinson Hall,
University of Delaware
Newark, DE 19716
U.S.A.
Ed.Urban@scor-int.org

Sonia D. Batten
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for
Ocean Science4737 Vista View Cres.
Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8
Canadasoba@sahfos.ac.uk

SCCOOS
Clarissa Ruth Anderson
Marine Physical Laboratory
Scripps Institution of
Oceanography
9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, California 92093
La Jolla, CA 95073
U.S.A.
clrander@ucsc.edu

372

WESTPAC
Fangli Qiao
First Institute of Oceanography,
SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd.,
LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
qiaofl@fio.org.cn

PICES-2016

PICES
Laura Richards
PICES Chairman
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadarichards@pices.int

Thomas W. Therriault
Science Board Chairman
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaThomas.Therriault@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Tokio WadaPICES Past-Chairman
Fisheries Research Agency
Queen’s Tower B 15F
2-3-3 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama
Japan 220-6115
E-mail: wadat@affrc.go.jp

Robin Brown
Executive Secretary
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadarobin.brown@pices.int

Chul ParkPICES Vice-Chairman
Department Oceanography
Chungnam National University
99 Daehangro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon305-764 R Korea
chulpark@cnu.ac.kr

Alexander Bychkov
Special Projects Coordinator
PICES Secretariat
c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2
Canadabychkov@pices.int

John E. Stein
Finance and Administration
Committee Chairman
Northwest Fisheries Science
Center(NWFSC), NMFS, NOAA
2725 Montlake Blvd. E
Seattle , WA
98112-2097
U.S.A.
John.E.Stein@noaa.gov

Harold (Hal) Batchelder
Deputy Executive Secretary
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadahbatch@pices.int
Christina Chiu
Deputy Executive Secretary on
Administration
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadachristina@pices.int

Susan Hannah
Administrative Support
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadasusan.hannah@pices.int
Minho Kang
InternPICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadaminho.kang@pices.int
Cathryn Clarke Murray
Visiting Scientist
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadacmurray@pices.int
Rosalie Rutka
Administrative Assistant
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadarrutka@pices.int
Julia Yazvenko
Database and Web Administrator
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadasecretariat@pices.int

373

PICES-2016

Author IndexA
Abe, Shoko 313
Abe, Takaaki 102
Abe, Yoshiyuki 266
Adams, Nicolaus G. 122
Aguilar-Vargas, A. 214
Aguirre-Muñoz, Alfonso 145, 214, 303
Ainley, David 101, 150, 157
Akselrud, Caitlin I. Allen 305
Alabia, Irene D. 144, 149
Alin, Simone 91, 108, 161, 259
Allen, Susan E. 90
Altermark, Bjorn 178
Amakasu, Kazuo 191
Ambagis, Stephen 262
Ambe, Daisuke 116, 117, 156
Andersen, Ken 198
Anderson, Clarissa 123, 325
Anderson, David M. 123, 192
Anderson, M. Robin 198
Andreev, Andrey G. 189
Andrews, Alex 112
Andrews, Allen H. 120, 331
An, Joon Geon 209, 243
Antrim, Liam 91
Aoki, Kazuhiro 117
Aranis, Antonio 311
Archer, Stephanie K. 86
Arrington, Morgan 246
Asami, Ryuji 120, 331
Aschan, Michaela 181
Aschoff, John 317
Asch, Rebecca G. 152
Atichati, David Lindo 99
Auth, Toby D. 205, 207, 250
Aydin, Kerim 113, 114, 125, 157, 159, 164, 199, 271
Ayón, Patricia 202
Aztorga-Ornelas, A. 214
Azumaya, Tomonori 313

B
Bae, Ho Jin 311
Bae, HoJin 306, 308
Bahr, Frank 159
Bahr, Fred L. 123
Bailey, Helen 145
Baitaliuk, Alexei A. 291, 292
Baker, Matthew R. 114, 151, 306, 317
Ballance, Lisa T. 147, 150, 158
Banas, Neil S. 174
Bang, Minkyoung 312
Barbeaux, Steve 228

Barceló, Caren 184, 248
Barlow, Jay 144
Barnard, Rebecca 142, 180
Barnea, Nir 176
Barrow, Kelsey 262
Barth, John A. 226, 269
Barton, Maria 177
Basyuk, Eugene O. 111, 112
Batten, Sonia 136, 154, 237, 256, 257
Baumgartner, Timothy 201
Ba, Xin 299
Bayne, David 262
Beacham, Terry 240
Beaulieu, Marielle 317
Becker, Elizabeth A. 144, 145
Bednarsek, Nina 161
Bedolla-Guzmán, Yuliana 145, 214, 303
Belonenko, Tatiana V. 245
Bertram, Douglas F. 139
Beyer, Sabrina G. 215, 244
Bezhenar, Roman 119
Bian, Xiaodong 240
Bill, Brian D. 122
Bing, Han 257
Birchenough, Silvana 164
Bjorkstedt, Eric 279
Black, Bryan A. 223
Blanchard, Julia 164
Blanken, Hauke 210
Blasiak, Robert 134, 237
Bodensteiner, Leo 163
Bograd, Steven J. 100, 145, 146, 241, 242
Boldt, Jennifer L. 153, 155, 228, 306
Bond, Nicholas A. 189, 279
Borges, Luisa 178
Boschen, Rachel 296
Bradley, Russell 101, 157, 226
Brandt, Angelika 292
Brandt, Stephen B. 229
Bravo-Hernández, E. 214, 303
Breitenstein, Ralph A. 177
Brink, Kenneth H. 159
Briscoe, Dana K. 146
Brodeur, Richard D. 148, 184, , 205, 207, 248, 250, 255
Budyansky, Maxim V. 189
Bullington, Jessica A. 208
Burnham, Rianna 194
Burrows, Michael T. 218
Burton, Andrea 177
Buscher, Elena 316
Butros, Amy 333
Bynum, Kailee 317
Byun, Do-Seong 191, 282

375

PICES-2016

C
Cai, Ling 323
Cai, Rong-shuo 275, 327
Caltabiano, Nico 332
Camacho, Frank 120, 331
Canales, Mariella 311
Capotondi, Antonietta 231, 232
Carle, Ryan 101
Carlton, Deborah A. 142
Carlton, James T. 142, 177, 178, 179, 180, 264
Carter, Brendan 161
Casacuberta, Núria 115
Castrence, Miguel 262
Castro, Gilberto Gaxiola 277
Castruccio, Frederic 174
Ceballos, Lina 180
Certain, Grégoire 181
Chandler, Peter 142, 193
Chang, Andrew 180
Chang, Kyung-Il 288
Chang, Yeon S. 129
Chan, Kai M. A. 231
Chao, Yi 123
Chapman, John 142, 177, 179, 180
Chen, Bin 267
Chen, Dake 282
Cheng, Wei 114, 125, 218, 271, 327
Chen, Hong 130
Chen, Jilong 274
Chen, Keliang 267, 323
Chen, Liqi 90
Chen, Nan 282
Chen, Shang 137
Chen, Yunlong 99
Chernyaev, Andrey P. 243
Cheung, William W.L. 152
Chiba, Sanae 136, 237, 257
Chierici, Melissa 276
Chikaraishi, Yoshito 256
Chimura, Masayuki 246
Chivers, Susan J. 144
Choe, Keyseok 304
Choi, A-Ra 330
Choi, Kwang-Sik 84, 215, 309
Choi, Minkyu 280, 321
Choi, Wonkeun 277
Choy, Anela 136, 156
Chrapchenkov, Fedor 280
Christian, James 269
Chu, Jackson WF 295
Ciannelli, Lorenzo 184, 199, 219, 248, 253, 269
Cieciel, Kristin 111, 112, 255
Cieri, Katie 317
Cifuentes, Ursula 311
Cleary, Jaclyn 153
Clinton, Patrick 222
Cochlan, William P. 93, 94

376

Cokelet, Edward 228
Comeau, Andre 90
Conrath, Christina 213, 306
Cope, Jason M. 214
Cordes, Erik E. 86
Corrales-Sauceda, M. 214
Costa, Daniel 188
Costa, Maycira 109
Cote, David 200
Coutré, Karson 244
Covert, Paul 90
Cox, Sean P. 245
Coyle, Kenneth O. 298
Crawford, William 173
Criddle, Keith R. 320
Crowder, Larry B. 146
Cui, Zhengguo 287
Curchitser, Enrique N. 188, 233, 252
Curry, Beth 91
Curtis, Janelle 88, 296

DDai, Dejun 186
Dai, Fangqun 99
Dai, Minhan 162
Dalpadado, Padmini 181
Dalton, Michael 165
Daly, Elizabeth 207, 250
Danielson, Seth L. 110
Davelaar, Marty 90
Davidson, Kristine 262
Davis, N. 334
Davison, Peter 205, 207
DeAngelis, Monica L. 145
Decker, Mary Beth 255
Demer, David A. 151
Deng, Fangfang 118
Deng, Jia 186
Denman, Kenneth L. 183
Devol, Allan 91
Dewey, Richard 193
Dick, Dorothy M. 150
Dick, E.J. 215
DiNardo, Gerard 100
DiNardo, Jordan 100
Dionne, Phil 317
Domingues, Ricardo 99
Dong, Mingmei 285
Dong, Xu 162
Dorman, Jeffrey G. 146
Dorner, Brigitte 245
Doucette, Gregory J. 95
Douglas, Karen 294
Dower, John 201
Drazen, Jeffrey C. 125, 224
Du, Feiyan 153
Duffus, Dave 194
Duffy-Anderson, Janet 205, 206, 207, 254, 327

PICES-2016
Duguid, William 251, 316
Du, Jianguo 267
Du, Jinqiu 118
Du, Xiuning 227, 254
Dunham, Anya 86
Dunne, John P. 152
Durazo, Reginaldo 259
Durski, Scott M. 226

E
Echave, Katy 244
Eckert, Ginny 113, 212, 318
Edwards, Andrew M. 161
Edwards, Christopher A. 144
Efimova, K.V. 286
Eisenlord, Morgan 317
Eisner, Lisa 112, 114, 149, 253, 254
Elliott, Meredith 94 ,101, 226, 251
Emelin, Pavel O. 265
Eom, Ki-Hyuk 326
Esenkulova, Svetlana 122
Evans, Wiley 108, 161

F
Fabila-Blanco, A. 214, 303
Fan, Jingfeng 284
Fan, Shiliang 204
Farley, Edward 111, 113, 254
Fasullo, John 231
Fay, Gavin 247
Feely, Richard 91, 108, 161
Félix-Lizárraga, M. 214, 303
Fiechter, Jerome 188, 233
Fiedler, Paul 144, 225
Field, John 101, 148, 157, 215, 241, 242, 244
Filatov, Viktor N. 130
Fischer, Albert 138
Fisher, Jennifer 207, 227, 254
Fletcher, Stephen 136
Fofonoff, Paul 180
Folger, Christina 222
Foreman, Michael 186
Forney, Karin A. 144, 145
Fox, Rowan 109
Foy, Robert J. 162, 165
Franks, Peter J.S. 100
Fransson, Agneta 276
Fratantoni, Paula 216
Freeland, Howard 332
Freshwater, Cameron 240, 316
Frey, Peter H. 214
Friedland, Kevin D. 152
Friedman, Whitney 148
Fu, Di 275
Fu, Feixue 260
Fu, Qiang 299
Fujii, Masahiko 166, 299

Fujiki, Tetsuichi 138
Fujimoto, Ken 116, 117
Fujita, Koji 309
Fujiwara, Amane 239, 249
Fukuda, Hideki 302
Fukudome, Ken-ichi 250
Funamoto, Tetsuichiro 203, 246, 307, 313
Furota, Toshio 177
Furukawa, Keita 259

G
Gallager, Scott 105, 191
Gann, Jeanette 112
Gao, Hui 118
Gao, Kunshan 260
Gao, Tianxiang 240
Gao, Zhongyong 90
García-Reyes, Marisol 283
Garfield, Toby 100, 228
Gasbarro, Ryan 295
Gauthier, Stéphane 201, 228
Geller, Jonathan B. 142, 179, 180
Genco, Brandon M. 294
Georgian, Samuel E. 86
Germain, Candice St. 210, 301
Gibson, Georgina A. 114, 271
Giesbrecht, Ian 193
Gifford, Dian J. 159
Gillman, Reva 264
Gimenez, Iria 160
Goddard, Pamela 85
Goldstein, Esther 205, 206
Gómez-Ocampo, Eliana 277
Gotschalk, Chris 170
Graham, Olivia 317
Graham, Rene 222
Greef, Nicole de 262
Greeley, Dana 161
Greenberg, Joshua A. 320
Greene, Gary 317
Gregory, Robert S. 200
Gregr, Edward J. 231
Grigorov, Igor V. 292
Gritsay, Elena V. 265
Grupe, Benjamin 296
Gryba, Rowenna 231
Gu, Yangguang 153
Guan, Chunjiang 95
Guan, Daoming 118
Guan, Lu 201
Guanqiong, Ye 319
Guilford, Nathan 317
Guo, Hai-xia 275
Guo, Hao 95
Guo, Maohua 297
Guo, Xinyu 106

377

PICES-2016

H
Ha, Kwang-Soo 95
Ha, Sung Yong 209, 243
Haggarty, Dana 88
Haigh, Nicky 97
Haigh, Nicola 92, 97
Haigh, Rowan 161
Haines, Scott A. 163
Hakamada, Takashi 103
Hale, Michelle 198
Hales, Burke 108, 160
Hammer, Cornelius 134
Hamnett, Michael 262
Han, Daxiong 324
Han, Gi Myoung 263
Han, Guoqi 282
Han, In-Seong 326
Han, In Sung 331
Han, Lei 332
Han, Lv 319
Han, Myoung-Soo 122
Hannah, Charles 210
Hannah, Lucie 210, 301
Hanneman, Eric 163
Hansen, Bridget L. 94
Hansen, Gayle 178, 261
Hanyuda, Takeaki 178, 261
Hao, Linhua 137
Harada, Naomi 138, 182
Harada, Shigeo 314
Hare, Jonathan A. 127, 200Harley, Chris 90
Harpold, Colleen 327
Harrison, Cheryl 174, 253, 255
Hartnett, Ryan J. 251
Hasebe, Makoto 101
Hasegawa, Daisuke 278
Hasegawa, Toru 126
Hashida, Daisuke 314
Hashihama, Fuminori 302
Hashioka, Taketo 270
Hata, Masaki 309
Hattori, Kaoru 139
Havard, Stacey 180
Hayashibara, Takeshi 87
Hayashi, Masahiro 165, 258
Hay, Doug 153
Haynie, Alan 125, 127, 133
Hazen, Elliott 100, 145, 146, 241, 242
He, Jianhua 118, 119
He, Xianqiang 130
He, Wu 257
Head, Melissa A. 214
Hedstrom, Katherine 188, 233
Heller, Charlie 317
Helser, Thomas 317
Henderson, Mark 157
Hendy, Ingrid L. 202
378

Herman, Albert 113, 114, 125, 157, 184, 199, 271
Hernandez-Ayon, J. Martin 161
Hernández, J. Martín 259
Hernández-Montoya, Julio César 145, 303
Hernández-Ríos, A. 214, 303
Herndon, Julian 161
Herring, Carlie 168
Herrmann, Bethellee 155
Herrmann, Mark 320
Hessing-Lewis, Margot 193
Heuven, Steven van 276
Hickey, Barbara M. 174
Highland, Alicia 317
Higley, Kathryn A. 290
Hilger, James R. 316
Hipfner, Mark 154, 279
Hirawake, Toru 144, 149, 239
Hisaki, Yukiharu 275
Hiwatari, Takehiko 209
Holland, Robert 225
Hollowed, Anne 125, 151, 159, 164, 184, 218, 228
Holsman, Kirstin 125, 151, 159, 164
Holt, Carrie A. 161
Honda, Hisami 323
Hong, Chang-Soo 275
Hong, Hyun-Ki 309
Hong, Sang Hee 263
Hong, Sokjin 322
Hong, Sok Jin 322
Honma, Takayuki 203
Hoppema, Mario 276
Horibe, Nanami 323
Horii, Toyomitsu 320
Hori, Juri 320
Hosoda, Shigeki 171
Hough, Kathy 91
Houtan, Kyle Van 255
Howard, Kathrine 113
Howar, Julie 150
Howatt, Tara 194
Hu, Wenjia 267
Hu, Zhanming 105, 107
Huang, Daji 187
Huang, Haining 194
Huckstadt, Luis 188
Huff, David 148, 157
Hulson, Peter-John 213, 244
Hunsicker, Mary 181, 219
Hunt, Brian 193
Hunt, Brian P.V. 256, 293
Hunt, George L. 104, 139, 149, 253, 254
Huo, Chuanlin 118
Hurst, Thomas P. 163
Hutchins, David A. 260
Hwang, Dong-Woon 280, 321
Hwang, Hyeon Jeong 300
Hyrenbach, David 150
Hyun, Jung-Ho 271

PICES-2016

I
Ianelli, James 219
Ianelli, Jim 125, 159
Ianson, Debby 90, 161
Igarashi, Hiromichi 150
Igeta, Yosuke 313
Iglesias-Rodriguez, M. Debora 170, 208
Iguchi, Naoki 250
II, Henry Lee 222
Iino, Yuki 310
Ikeda, Christopher E. 94
Imai, Ichiro 239
Imamura, Yutaka 150
Inatsu, Masaru 288
Ingram, G. Walter 99
Inoue, Hiroyuki 274
Irvine, Ladd M. 145
Iryu, Yasufumi 120, 331
Isensee, Kirsten 284
Ishii, Masao 258, 274, 276
Ishikawa, Kazuo 314
Ishikawa, Yoichi 150, 167
Ishiyama, Hiromu 129, 288
Ishizaka, Joji 288
Isobe, Atsuhiko 176, 177
Itakura, Hikaru 158
Itaya, Kazuhiko 203
Itoh, Sachihiko 128, 156, 278, 288, 314
Ito, Motohiro 101, 102
Ito, Shin-ichi 126, 156
Iwasaki, Shinsuke 177

J
Jackson, Alan R. 225
Jackson, Jennifer 193
Jackson, Vickie 262
Jahncke, Jaime 94, 101, 150, 157, 226, 251
Jamieson, John 296
Jang, Chanjoo 278
Jang, Chan Joo 277, 312, 329, 330
Jang, Mi 263
Jeffries, Marlene 108
Jenkins, Reyna 108, 294
Jeon, Chanhyung 187, 328
Jeong, Hee Dong 331
Jeong, Jinyong 191, 282
Jeong, Kwang-Young 329
Jeong, Semi 281
Jeong, Woo sung 322
Jeung, Hee-Do 309
Jiang, Jinlong 323
Jiao, Liping 194
Jin, Xianshi 99, 240
Jo, Yang Jin 300
Johannessen, Truls 276
John, Jasmin G. 152
Johnson, Devan 92, 97

Johnson, Stewart 240
Johnstone, James 228
Joh, Youngji 221
Jones, Darin 228
Jones, Timothy 279
Jørgensen, Lis Lindal 181
Joyce, Trevor W. 147
Ju, Se-Jong 142
Juanes, Francis 240, 251, 316
Juhász, Tamás 210
Jung, Kyungmi 203
Jung, Kyung Tae 119
Jung, Rae-Hong 321
Jung, Sukgeun 126, 203
Jung, Woo Sung 322
Juniper, Kim 108, 193, 294, 296

K
Kaeriyama, Hideki 116, 117
Kakehi, Shigeho 117
Kako, Shin’ichiro 176, 177
Kamachi, Masafumi 150, 167, 168
Kameda, Takahiko 126, 156
Kameneva, Polina A. 286
Kameyama, Sohiko 182
Kamiyama, Ryutaro 320
Kanaji, Yu 102
Kaneko, Hitoshi 278
Kang, Chang-Keun 84, 309
Kang, Do-Hyung 215
Kang, Hye-Eun 300
Kang, Sukyung 203, 217, 312
Kaplunenko, Dmitry 171
Karasawa, Yuka 129
Kashef, Neosha S. 215, 244
Kashiwai, Makoto 172
Kasperski, Stephen 125
Kataoka, Tomoya 176, 177
Katayama, Satoshi 213
Kato, Hidehiro 139
Kato, Hisatsugu 179
Kato, Yoshiki 297, 313
Katugin, Oleg N. 148, 301
Kawai, Hiroshi 178, 261
Kawamiya, Michio 124
Kawamura, Hideyuki 167
Kawamura, Kohei 212
Kearney, Kelly 113, 157
Keister, Julie E. 155
Keller, Aimee 214, 228, 269
Kellogg, Colleen 193
Kesby, Julie 267
Keshavmurthy, Shashank 84
Khen, Gennady V. 110, 112
Khoruzhiy, Alexey A. 266
Kikkawa, Takashi 258
Kikuchi, Takashi 239, 249
Kim, Ah Ran 300
379

PICES-2016
Kim, Dong Guk 275, 328
Kim, Dongseon 271
Kim, Han Ju 311
Kim, HanJu 308
Kim, Hyung Chul 322
Kim, Hyung-Chul 281
Kim, Hyun-Woo 300
Kim, Jeong Bae 322
Kim, Jinho 322
Kim, Jin Ho 322
Kim, Joo-Hwan 122
Kim, Jung-Yeon 311
Kim, JungYeon 308
Kim, Kyeong-Hee 271
Kim, Kyeong Ok 119
Kim, Moojin 217
Kim, Moonkoo 243
Kimoto, Katsunori 138, 257
Kim, Sang-Soo 321
Kim, Sang Woo 331
Kim, Seong Eun 311
Kim, SeongEun 308
Kim, Suam 126, 203, 217, 312
Kim, Sung-Han 271
Kim, Sung Yong 192
Kim, Tae-Hoon 280
Kim, Taewon 268
Kimura, Nobuo 307
Kimura, Ryo 320
Kimura, Shingo 158
Kim, Yeseul 109
Kim, Yong Sun 330
Kim, Young-Sug 321
King, Jackie 228
Kishida, Chiho 165
Kishida, Tatsu 320
Kishi, Michio J. 156, 238
Kitajima, Satoshi 126, 312
Kitakado, Toshihide 103
Kitamura, Minoru 257
Kitamura, Yoshiteru 274
Kitano, Hajime 212
Kivva, Kirill 112, 289
Kiyota, Masashi 87, 152, 320
Kjesbu, Olav Sigurd 211
Knudby, Anders 87, 295
Knutsen, Halvor 200
Koagouw, Wulan 267
Kobayashi, Don 120, 331
Kobayashi, Shiho 323
Kobayashi, Yasuhide 128
Kodama, Taketoshi 250
Kohata, Kunio 209
Kohfeld, Karen E. 90
Kohin, Suzanne 100
Koide, Rintaro 307
Kojima, Atsushi 274
Komatsu, Kosei 126
380

Kondo, Hayato 105, 191
Kong, Christina Eunjin 278
Kong, Jie 299, 310
Kono, Naoaki 213
Koslow, J. Anthony 142, 205, 206, 207
Kosugi, Naohiro 258, 276
Kotaki, Yuichi 93
Kouchi, Naoko 299
Kouketsu, Shinya 278
Krapivin, Vladimir F. 276
Krembs, Christopher 91
Krogh, Jeremy 109, 193
Krumhansl, Kira 193
Kruse, Gordon H. 212, 307
Kubokawa, Atsushi 128
Kudela, Raphael M. 123
Kudo, Hideaki 101
Kuga, Mizuki 313
Kulbachnyi, Sergey E. 185
Kuletz, Kathy 104, 147, 149, 253
Kulik, Vladimir V. 142, 148, 301
Kumagai, Naoki H. 84
Kung, Stephanie 262
Kuno, Masahiro 314
Kurapov, Alexander 190
Kurilova, Ekaterina P. 185
Kuroda, Hiroshi 126, 202, 278, 313
Kwong, Lian E. 293
Kwon, Jung-No 260, 321
Kwon, Kee-Young 321

L
Labunski, Elizabeth A. 147
Ladd, Carol 253, 327
Ladd, Tanika M. 170, 208
Laman, Ned 199
Lamkin, John T. 99
Lam, Vicky W.Y. 152
Langlois, Gregg 94
Larson, Kristen 180
Laurel, Benjamin J. 163, 200
Lauvset, Siv K. 276
Lawson, Peter 253
Learmonth, Terry 90
Lee, Changkyu 106
Lee, Chungho 282
Lee, Dowon 220
Lee, Eunil 282, 329
Lee, Hwahyun 203
Lee, Hwa Hyun 126
Lee, In-Seok 321
Lee, Ji-Hyun 300
Lee, Joon-ho 126
Lee, Joon-Soo 326
Lee, Jooyoung 191, 282
Lee, Jung-Ah 268
Lee, Ka-Jeong 95
Lee, Kenneth 208

PICES-2016
Lee, Kitack 326
Lee, Kyung-Jae 288
Lee, Kyung Tae 311
Lee, KyungTae 308
Lee, Sang Heon 304
Lee, Sang-Ki 99
Lee, Soo Rin 300
Lee, Taehee 322
Lee, Timothy S. 303
Lee, Won Chan 322
Lee, Won-Chan 281
Lee, Yong-Hwa 260
Lefebvre, Lyndsey S. 215, 244
Leschine, Thomas M. 318
Levine, Naomi M. 129
Lewison, Rebecca 146
Li, Chunfang 120
Li, Dongmei 286
Li, Futian 260
Li, Hongzhi 120
Li, Jiabiao 293
Li, Jing 332
Li, Jingmei 319
Li, Lingbo 228
Li, Xiaohui 282
Li, Yafang 153
Li, Yiliang 119
Li, Yuliang 221
Li, Zhe 241
Li, Zhiyuan 187
Liang, Yubo 286
Liang, Zhenlin 216
Liao, Jianji 267
Liapidevskii, Valeriy 280
Libralato, Simone 158
Liguori, Giovanni 223
Lim, Jae-Hyun 321
Lim, Seul-Ye 283
Lim, Weol-Ae 95
Lima, Mauricio 311
Lin, Jing 118
Lin, Mingsen 326
Lin, Yong 284
Lin, Zhongsheng 105
Lindquist, Kirsten 279
Lindsey, Jackie 279
Lindstrom, Sandra 263
Lippiatt, Sherry 168, 169
Lipski, Danielle 94, 226
Litzow, Michael 181, 199
Liu, Jinwen 162
Liu, Lei 286
Liu, Renyan 286
Liu, Shufang 315
Liu, Shuxi 284
Liu, Xiao 129
Liu, Yang 248
Liu, Yanyun 99

Liu, Yulong 285
Lluch-Cota, Daniel 188
Lluch-Cota, Salvador E. 183
Lobanov, Vyacheslav 172, 331
Loeng, Harald 218
Logerwell, Libby 218
Loh, Andrew 209
Lohan, Katrina 180
Loneragan, Neil R. 268
Long, Matthew 174, 255
Long, W. Christopher 162, 165
Lopez, Jennefer 317
Lora-Cabrera, Yutzil 214
Lorenzo, Emanuele Di 188, 199, 221, 223
Losey, Debra A. 333
Love, Brooke 163
Lovenduski, Nikki 174
Lowry, Dayv 317
Lowry, Mark S. 225, 302
Lozano-Montes, Hector M. 268
Lu, Douding 95
Luan, Sheng 299, 310
Luo, Kun 299
Luo, Yang 194, 323

M
MacCready, Parker 174, 279
MacFadyen, Amy 168, 264
Maddison, Lisa 333
Maderich, Vladimir 119
Maekawa, Kazuyoshi 307
Makatipu, Petrus Ch. 267
Maki, Hideaki 209
Makino, Mitsutaku 320
Malick, Michael J. 245
Malyutina, Marina V. 292
Mantua, Nathan 225, 228
Marancik, Katrin E. 200
Margulies, Daniel 333
Maria, Ruth Di 180
Marinone, Guido 135
Marraffini, Michelle 180
Martell, Steven J.D. 307
Martínez-Cervantes, David 214, 303
Martini, Kim 327
Masunaga, Eiji 191
Matarese, Ann C. 206
Mate, Bruce R. 145
Mathis, Jeremy T. 276
Matson, Paul G. 170, 208
Matsuno, Kohei 147, 239, 249, 266
Matsuoka, Koji 103
Matsuyama, Michiya 212
Matta, Beth 317
Matveev, Vladimir I. 112
Maúre, Elígio de Raús 288
Maximenko, Nikolai 168, 169
Maxwell, Sara 146
381

PICES-2016
McAllister, Murdoch K. 315
McBride, Richard S. 211
McCann, Linda 180
McClatchie, Sam 202
McClure, Michelle 228
McCuller, Megan A. 142
McDermott, Susanne 246
McGilliard, Carey R. 247
McKinnell, Skip 201, 316
McMillan, Andrew 87, 295
McMonagle, Helena 206
Meadows, Amber 262
Meeren, Gro van 333
Meisheng, Xia 319
Meltel, Alexi 262
Men, Wu 118, 119
Méndez-Sánchez, Federico 145, 214, 303
Meng, Xianhong 299
Meseck, Shannon 165
Micheli, Fiorenza 183
Mickett, John 91
Mihaly, Steve 193
Miki, Shizuho 116, 117Miller, Arthur J. 223
Miller, Jessica A. 142, 177, 180, 264
Miller, Timothy J. 216
Min, Hong Sik 187, 328
Mino, Yoshihisa 288
Minowa, Yasushi 165, 258
Misaka, Tadashi 203
Mito, Keiichi 320
Miya, Masaki 233
Miyake, Yoichi 158
Miyamoto, Mai 87
Miyashita, Kazushi 310
Mkrtchyan, Ferdenant A. 276
Moffitt, Steve 154
Mohammed, Essam Yassin 137
Mok, Jin-Sook 271
Molinos, Jorge García 149, 218Monte-Luna, Pablo Del 188
Moore, Andrew M. 144
Moore-Maley, Ben 90
Mordy, Calvin 327
Morgan, Ken 139, 150
Morimoto, Akihiko 106
Morimoto, Haruyuki 250
Morita, Takami 116, 117
Morley, Michael G. 108
Morrison, Wendy E. 267
Mossman, Jannet 86
Moy, Kirsten 262
Mueter, Franz 113, 212, 218, 245
Muhling, Barbara A. 99
Muller-Karger, Frank E. 99
Munday, Philip L. 133
Mundy, Phillip R. 142

382

Munguía-Cajigas, Daniela Y. 145
Murakami, Kiyoshi 274
Murakami, Naoto 246
Murase, Hiroto 87, 103
Murata, Akihiko 171, 182, 276
Murdock, Sheryl 296
Murphy, Thomas A. 176
Murray, Cathryn Clarke 169, 176, 179, 180, 262, 264

N
Na, Guangshui 118
Na, Hanna 173
Nakagawa, Miwa 106
Nakagawa, Toru 246
Nakamura, Hirohiko 173
Nakamura, Miguel 188
Nakamura, Takeshi 87
Nakamura, Yuriko 257
Nakano, Toshiya 274
Nakaoka, Shin-ichiro 171
Nakaya, Mitsuhiro 241
Natsuike, Masafumi 239
Navrotsky, Vadim 280
Naydenko, Svetlana 110
Neate, Holly E. 161
Nehasil, Stephanie E. 225, 302
Neidetcher, Sandra 217
Neilson, Brian 262
Nelson, Jocelyn 179, 264
Nelson, Mark W. 184
Nelson, Peter 157
Nemcek, Nina 229
Neuheimer, Anna 219
Neville, Chrys 122, 153, 240
Neville, Delvan R. 290
Nevins, Hannah 279
Newcomer, Katherine 180
Newton, Jan 91, 108, 334
Ni, Wanmin 194
Nielsen, Karina 251
Ning, Jiajia 153
Nishi, Saori 323
Nishida, Kozue 165
Nishiguchi, Masaharu 314
Nishiguchi, Tomoki 305
Nishikawa, Haruka 233
Nishina, Ayako 173
Nishino, Shigeto 239, 258, 276
Nishioka, Jun 182
Nishiuchi, Kou 312
Nishizawa, Bungo 147
Noguchi, Maki 313
Noh, Jae-Hoon 271
Nojiri, Yukihiro 171, 258
Nur, Nadav 150, 251

PICES-2016

O
O, Miriam 210, 301
Obradovich, Shannon G. 315
O’Brien, Loretta 216
Oda, Tatsuya 305
Odell, Anthony 98
Ogawa, Hiroshi 302
Oh, Chul-Woong 306, 308, 311
Oh, Seok Jin 281
Ohkawa, Toshiyuki 314
Ohnishi, Hidejiro 106
Ohshimo, Seiji 212, 250
Okada, Yuki 129
Oka, Eitarou 274
Okazaki, Makoto 102, 313
Okunishi, Takeshi 126, 202, 278
Oliva-Mendez, Norma L. 259
Olsen, Are 276
Olsen, Esben Moland 200
Olson, Angeleen M. 316
Olson, Brady 163
Omar, Abdirahman M. 276
Omori, Andy 262
Ono, Tsuneo 117, 171
Onodera, Jonaotaro 138
Onuka, Misaki 249
Ookado, Junpei 101
Oozeki, Yoshioki 202, 320
Opiekun, Michael 199
Orlov, Alexei M. 291, 292
Orlova, T. Yu. 286
Ormseth, Olav 228
Ortiz, Ivonne 114, 157, 199, 271
Ostle, Clare 164
Otani, Michio 177, 179, 264
Ottmar, Michele 163
Otto-Bliesner, Bette 231
Oyaizu, Hitomi 156

P
Page, Stephen 210
Pakhomov, Evgeny A. 256, 293
Palacios, Daniel M. 145, 231
Palsson, Wayne 228, 317
Pang, Ig-Chan 126
Pang, Yumeng 182
Park, Hyeon-Sil 325
Park, Hyun 300
Park, Jae-Hun 173, 187, 275, 328
Park, Jin-Soo 84
Park, Jisoo 278
Park, Jong-Gyu 95
Park, Jung-Hyun 281
Park, Mi-Ok 325
Park, Sang-Yul 84
Park, Tae-Gyu 95
Park, Won Gyu 300

Park, Youngchul 321
Park, Young-Gyu 129, 187, 275, 328, 330
Parrish, Julia 279
Pascoe, Emma S. 316
Patrick, Wesley 318
Pavlova, Elena 280
Pawlowicz, Rich 107
Pearsall, Isobel 122
Pearson, Stuart 267
Pegau, Scott 154
Peña, Angelica 229
Pengilly, Douglas 212
Pepin, Pierre 201
Peristiwady, Teguh 267
Perrault, Yves 90
Peterman, Randall M. 245
Peterson, Jay 227, 254
Peterson, William T. 227, 254, 279
Petrik, Colleen M. 198
Pham, Thomas 317
Phillips, A. Jason 290
Piatt, John 104
Pierce, Stephen D. 226, 269
Pinchuk, Alexei I. 113, 298
Pinnegar, John K. 124, 164
Pitman, Robert L. 147
Pittman, Jeremy 237
Planque, Benjamin 181
Plybon, Charlie 176
Politikos, Dimitrios V. 252
Poloczanska, Elvira S. 218
Polovina, Jeffrey J. 125, 136, 156, 224, 255
Porquez, Jessica 177
Porter, Aswea D. 195
Prants, Sergey V. 189
Preez, Cherisse Du 88
Primicerio, Raul 181
Puerta, Patricia 199
Puneeta, Pandey 298
Punt, André 125, 159, 165, 305
Putnam, Nathan 255

Q
Qi, Di 90
Qiao, Fangli 119, 186
Qu, Keming 287
Quattro, Joseph 99

R
Radchenko, Vladimir I. 334
Rani, Manviri 263
Raupach, Michael J. 178
Ream, Rolf 139
Rechisky, Erin L. 195
Redfern, Jessica V. 144
Reid, Keith 90
Reist, James 218
383

PICES-2016
Ren, Yiping 182
Renner, Martin 104, 149, 253
Ressler, Patrick 228
Reum, Jonathan 125, 164
Reusser, Deborah A. 222
Reyes-Bonilla, Héctor 183
Rice, Jake 270
Richardson, David E. 200
Rivkin, Richard B. 198
Robert, Marie 229
Robinson, Carol 333
Robinson, Dale H. 123
Robison, Bruce H. 156
Rodgers, Keith 269
Rodgveller, Cara 244
Roemmich, Dean 332
Roffer, Mitchell A. 99
Rogachev, Konstantin 155, 273
Rogers, Lauren 200, 205
Rojas-Mayoral, E. 145, 214, 303
Roletto, Jan 94, 226, 279
Roll, Kristin H. 316
Rood, Mary 317
Rooper, Christopher N. 85, 153, 199, 317, 306
Rose, Kenneth A. 154, 188, 233, 252
Rosinski, Anne 262
Ross, Tetjana 194
Rudnick, Daniel L. 128
Ruef, Wendi 91
Ruiz, Gregory M. 142, 179, 180, 264
Runcie, Rosa 100
Russell, Tamara 92, 97
Ruzicka, James J. 159, 255
Rykaczewski, Ryan R. 132, 152, 199, 232, 248

S
Saba, Vincent S. 127
Sadayasu, Kazuhiro 307
Sainte-Marie, Bernard 212
Saito, Hiroaki 302
Saitoh, Sei-Ichi 144, 149, 150, 248
Saito, Rui 239
Sakai, Mitsuo 150, 297, 298, 313
Sakamoto, Setsuko 93
Sakuma, Keith 241
Sakurai, Yasunori 240, 241, 297, 298
Saldívar-Lucio, Romeo 188
Salo, Sigrid 149
Santamaría, Eduardo 259
Santora, Jared 101
Santora, Jarrod 104, 146, 148, 149, 157, 241, 242, 253
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. 232
Sarmiento, Jorge 152, 198
Sasai, Yoshikazu 252
Sasaki, Hiroko 103, 249
Sasano, Daisuke 258, 276
Sassa, Chiyuki 202, 204, 205, 312
Sastri, Akash 108, 109, 122, 193
384

Saunders, M. 334
Scales, Kylie 100, 146
Scanderbeg, Megan 332
Schlenger, Adam J. 158
Schlunegger, Sarah 269
Schnettler, Erin 318
Scholey, Vernon P. 333
Schroeder, Isaac 148, 157, 241, 242
Schweigert, Jake 153
Scozzafava, Kenny 90
Selina, M.S. 286
Selleck, James 317
Sellinger, Cynthia E. 229
Seo, Seongbong 275, 328
Setoh, Takashi 278
Setou, Takashi 126
Seung, Chang 219
Shan, Xiujuan 99
Shaw, C. Tracy 227, 254
Shea, Meghan 91, 108
Shevtsov, Gennady A. 301
Shi, Lijian 297, 326
Shi, Xiaoli 299
Shida, Osamu 203
Shiga, Naonobu 239
Shigenobu, Yuya 116, 117
Shim, Jae-Seol 191
Shim, JeongHee 260
Shim, Jeong-Min 260
Shim, Won Joon 243, 263
Shimada, Hiroshi 266
Shimada, Hiroyuki 320
Shimizu, Manabu 116, 314
Shin, Ho-Jeong 277, 329
Shipway, J. Reuben 178
Shirakawa, Hokuto 310
Shlyk, Natalia 155, 273
Shoji, Jun 309, 323
Shulkin, Vladimir 106
Siddon, Elizabeth 159, 205
Siedlecki, Samantha 91
Siegel, David A. 170
Sigler, Michael F. 184
Simon, Victor H. 269
Simpson, Ellie 90
Sisson, Nicolas 317
Skern-Mauritzen, Mette 181
Slater, Laura M. 212
Smith, John N. 115
Smith, S. Lan 252
Smith, Stephanie R. 160
Snyder, Stephanie 100
Sogard, Susan M. 215, 244
Soh, Hyun Sup 192
Somerton, David 317
Somov, Alexey 110
Son, Jae Kyong 331
Son, Young Baek 109, 322

PICES-2016
Song, Young Kyoung 263
Song, Zhenya 186
Sorokin, Yury D. 224
Speed, Laurel 317
Spencer, Paul 125, 184
Spijkers, Jessica 134
Stabeno, Phyllis 110, 189, 228, 327
Stachura, Megan 199
Stafford, David M. 215, 244
Stein, Maria S. 333
Stepanenko, Mikhail A. 265
Stevenson, Samantha 231
Steves, Brian 142, 180
Stige, Leif Christian 219
Stock, Charles 152, 198, 234
Stone, Hally B. 174
Stonik, Inna V. 92
Stumpf, Richard P. 123
Suga, Toshio 274
Sugie, Koji 138, 182
Sugimoto, Ryo 323
Sugimoto, Shusaku 274
Sugisaki, Hiroya 116, 117, 142, 237
Suh, Young Sang 331
Suh, Young-Sang 326
Sukigara, Chiho 288
Sullivan, Jane Y. 307
Sunday, Jennifer 234
Sun, Heng 90
Sun, Peng 216
Sun, Yongfu 137
Suryan, Robert M. 143
Suwa, Ryota 165, 258
Suyama, Satoshi 156
Suzuki, Atsushi 165
Suzuki, Yuki 314
Sweeting, Rusty 153
Sweetnam, Dale 228
Swiney, Katherine M. 162, 165
Syah, Achmad Fachruddin 144
Sydeman, William J. 103, 139, 146, 283
Szoboszlai, Amber I. 103

T
Takagi, Kaori 117
Takahashi, Motomitsu 126, 202, 204, 205, 312
Takahashi, Taro 276
Takami, Hideki 179
Takamura, Shozo 314
Takasuka, Akinori 126, 202
Takatani, Yusuke 274
Takeoka, Hidetaka 106
Takeshige, Aigo 158
Takeuchi, Ichiro 177
Takeuchi, Marika 105, 191
Talley, Lynne D. 100
Tamura, Tsutomu 103Tan, Hong-jian 275, 327

Tanaka, Hiroshige 212, 213, 246, 307
Tanaka, Mamoru 105, 191
Tanaka, Yusuke 150
Tang, Yanli 182
Tanhua, Toste 138
Taniguchi, Makoto 323
Telszewski, Maciej 138
Terauchi, Genki 106
Termini, Valerie 267
Terui, Takeshi 156
Thayer, Julie A. 103
Therriault, Thomas W. 179, 180
Thiess, Mary 122
Thomas, Julie 325
Thompson, Andrew R. 202
Thompson, Matthew 153, 155
Thompson, Sarah Ann 283
Thomson, Annie 317
Thornborough, Kate 210, 301
Tian, Yongjun 182, 216, 248
Tillmann, Urban 122
Tinnon, Alyssa 317
Tobin, Elizabeth D. 318
Toft, Jason D. 303
Tokeshi, Tsutomu 314
Tominaga, Osamu 323
Tomiyama, Kosuke 266
Tomiyama, Takeshi 309
Tomiyasu, Makoto 310
Tommasi, Désirée 234
Torres, Leigh 248
Tracy, Briana 180
Trainer, Vera L. 93, 94, 122
Treneman, Nancy 142, 178
Trites, Andrew W. 104
Trudel, Marc 153, 155, 240
Trusenkova, Olga 171
Tsunoda, Tomohiko 259
Tsuzaki, Tatsuo 213
Tunnicliffe, Verena 295, 296
Tydlaska, Monica 238

U
Uchida, Hiroshi 182, 258
Udagawa, Toru 117
Uehara, Shinji 320
Ueno, Hiromichi 129, 173, 249, 288, 313
Ueno, Mikinori 305
Uleysky, Michael Yu. 189
Ustinova, Elena I. 130, 224
Usui, Norihisa 150, 167

V
Valdés, Luis 135, 284
Valdez-Schulz, Andrea 208
Valencia, J. Augusto 259
Valencia, Jose A. 201
385

PICES-2016
Vazhova, Anna S. 243
Vega-García, Pablo David 183
Vijai, Dharmamony 297, 298
Villalobos, Cristina 163
Villalobos, Héctor 188

W
Wada, Chisato 171
Wagawa, Taku 250
Waine, Michael 318
Wakabayashi, Toshie 297
Wakamatsu, Hiroki 320
Wakamatsu, Tsuyoshi 150
Wakefield, W. Waldo 269
Wakita, Masahide 138, 257
Waldbusser, George G. 160
Wallace, Nancy 167, 168
Walsh, Harvey J. 200
Walter, John F. 99
Wan, Fangfang 285
Wan, Rong 182, 216, 248
Wan, Ruijing 240
Wang, Fan 273
Wang, Fenfen 119
Wang, Haiyan 324
Wang, Hongjie 162
Wang, Jun 130
Wang, Lei 120
Wang, Lianggen 153
Wang, Lijun 105
Wang, XiaoHua 267
Wang, Xingxia 153
Wang, Xuehui 153
Wang, Yejian 293
Wang, Zongxing 204
Wanninkhof, Rik 276
Warpinski, Stephanie 320
Warzybok, Peter 101, 226, 157
Washburn, Libe 170
Watabayashi, Glen 264
Watanabe, Chikako 314
Watanabe, Eiji 138, 276
Watanabe, Kazuyoshi 126
Watanabe, Kentaro 299
Watanabe, Tomowo 116, 117
Watanabe, Yusuke 165, 258
Watanobe, Masamichi 203
Watanuki, Yutaka 101, 139, 147, 249
Watari, Shingo 320
Waterman, Stephanie 194
Watling, Les 85
Watson, James 198
Watson, Reginald A. 152
Watson, William 202, 206
Webb, Joel B. 212
Weems, Jared 113
Weil, Jacob 316

386

Welch, David W. 195
Wells, Brian 101, 148, 157, 242
Wells, Mark L. 93
Werner, Cisco 333
Weston, Ashley E. 247
Wexler, Jeanne B. 333
Whitney, Frank A. 171
Widdicombe, Steve 160
Wijffels, Susan 332
Wilborn, Rachel 85
Wilkerson, Frances 251
Williamson, Phil 164
Wilson, Chris 228
Wimbush, Mark 173
Wingert, Charles J. 94
Wong, Janson 264
Woo, Seung-buhm 329
Woodworth-Jefcoats, Phoebe A. 125, 136, 224
Wren, Johanna 136
Wright, Bryan 248
Wu, Jianwei 290, 323
Wu, Kan-Kan 290
Wu, Yaping 260
Wu, Zaixing 106
Wu, Zhongxin 268

X
Xia, Tao 137
Xian, Weiwei 242, 272
Xing, Chuanxi 107
Xu, Daoyan 286
Xu, Dongfeng 130
Xu, Mingquan 130
Xu, Qinzeng 204
Xu, Yi 100

YYagi, Nobuyuki 134, 237
Yamada, Makoto 323
Yamaguchi, Atsushi 147, 239, 249, 266
Yamaguchi, Kunihisa 105, 191
Yamamoto, Jun 240, 241
Yamamoto, Masayuki 213
Yamamoto, Takashi 147
Yamamoto, Yuzo 258
Yamanaka, K. Lynne 315
Yamano, Hiroya 84
Yamashita, Yuuho 246
Yamazaki, Hidekatsu 105, 191
Yang, Chenghao 130
Yang, Eun-Jin 271
Yang, Hyun-Sung 215
Yang, Jingsong 282
Yang, Lin 95, 286
Yang, Tao 99
Yan, Xiu-hua 275
Yao, Jianping 99

PICES-2016
Yao, Ziwei 118
Yasuda, Ichiro 170
Yasuda, Tohya 250
Yasuma, Hiroki 307
Yasumiishi, Ellen 111, 112, 113
Yasunaka, Sayaka 171, 276
Ye, Youyin 194
Yeh, Sang-Wook 330
Yim, Un Hyuk 209, 243
Yin, Xijie 267
Yokoi, Takaaki 126
Yokota, Takashi 246
Yoneda, Michio 126, 202, 212, 213
Yonezaki, Shiroh 152, 320
Yoo, Chaewon 220
Yoo, Jang Gon 192
Yoo, Seung-Hoon 283
Yoo, Sinjae 109, 271, 278
Yoon, Tae-Ho 300
Yoshida, Akira 158
Yoshida, Hideyoshi 102
Yoshie, Naoki 106, 126
Yoshikawa-Inoue, Hisayuki 258
Yoshiki, Tomoko M. 237
Yoshimura, Takeshi 182
Young, Sun 300
Yu, Hongxu 267
Yu, Wen 118, 119
Yu, Zhiming 106
Yuan, Yaochu 130
Yuan, Yeli 186
Yufu, Kei 176

Zheng, Yuanyuan 153
Zhuang, Zhimeng 315
Zhu, Jianxin 287
Zhu, Xiao-Hua 173, 328
Zhu, Yongling 293
Zimmerman, Mara S. 155
Zimmermann, Mark 317
Zou, Bin 281, 297, 326
Zou, Yarong 281, 326
Zuenko, Yury I. 111
Zuev, Mikhail A. 148, 301
Zwolinski, Juan P. 151

Z
Zador, Stephani 199
Zamon, Jeannette E. 150
Zang, Nan 273
Zavolokin, Alexander 110
Zeng, Tao 297, 326
Zenitani, Hiromu 320
Zeno, Ramona 146
Zhang, Dongsheng 285
Zhang, Hui 242, 272
Zhang, Jinzhao 120
Zhang, Jiwei 290, 323
Zhang, Luo-Ping 290
Zhang, Wanlei 107
Zhang, Xiumei 240, 268
Zhang, Xuelei 204
Zhang, Yusheng 118, 119
Zhang, Zhe 105
Zhang, Zhifeng 105
Zhao, Dongmei 105
Zhao, Qian 105, 107
Zhao, Ruixiang 328
Zhao, Yumei 257
Zheng, Xinqing 267

387