‫ܖݱ‬ఄ⇒⇊⇯⇼⇩⇕‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ‒ ⊡ᒍᛖ༿⊡‒ឡ▱ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫ

ࡣࡌࡵ࡟
ᖹᡂᖺ࡟ࠊࠗᗂ⛶ᅬ࣭ಖ⫱ᅬ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡ࠘ࢆⓎ⾜࠸ࡓࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋಖ⫱⪅ࡢඛ⏕᪉࡟᪥㡭ࡢಖ⫱ࡢ୰࡛ಖㆤ
⪅࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᙺ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡇ࡜࡛ࠊእᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡬ࡢᨭ᥼࡬࡜ࡘ࡞ࡄࡇ࡜
ࡀ࡛ࡁࡓࡽ࡜࠸࠺㢪࠸ࢆࡇࡵ࡚సᡂࡋࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠾࠿ࡆࡉࡲ࡛ከࡃࡢ཯㡪ࡀ࠶ࡾࠊ⌧ᅾࡶከࡃࡢ᪉࡟ὀᩥࠊࢲ࢘ࣥ
࣮ࣟࢻࢆࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔ࠸࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊࡈពぢ➼ࡶከᩘ࠸ࡓࡔࡁࡲࡋࡓࠋ࠶ࡾࡀ࡜࠺ࡈࡊ࠸ࡲࡋࡓࠋࡐࡦᑠᏛ
ᰯ∧ࢆసࡗ࡚࡯ࡋ࠸࡜࠸࠺ኌ࠿ࡽࠊ௒ᅇࠗᑠᏛᰯ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡ࠘ࡢసᡂࢆヨࡳࡲࡋࡓࠋ
ࠗᗂ⛶ᅬ࣭ಖ⫱ᅬ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡ࠘࡜ྠᵝ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏ࡛ᡂ㛗ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃእᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘᏊ࡝ࡶ㐩ࡢಖㆤ⪅࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯࢆࡼࡃ▱ࡗ࡚ࡶࡽ࠸ࠊᑠᏛᰯࡢάືࡸ⾜஦࡟✚ᴟⓗ࡟ཧຍࡋ࡚ࡶࡽ࠺ࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ⓗ࡜ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋಖ
ㆤ⪅ࡢ᪉࡬ࡢ༢࡞ࡿ▱㆑ࡢᥦ౪࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊᑠᏛᰯࢆᑡࡋ࡛ࡶࡼࡃ⌮ゎࡋ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡃࡓࡵ࡟ࠊࠕ㹼ࡢ┠ⓗࡢࡓࡵ࡟ࡇ࠺ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠖ࡜࠸࠺どⅬࢆ኱ษ࡟ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡲࡓࠊඛ⏕᪉ࡀ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡࢆࡈぴ࡟࡞ࡿࡇ࡜࡛ࠊಖㆤ⪅ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ᝟ሗ࡟Ẽ࡙࠸࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡅࡿ࠿࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋඛ⏕᪉ࡀಖㆤ⪅࡜ࡢࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ࡟ᙺ❧࡚࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊእᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘᏊ࡝ࡶ㐩࡬ࡢᨭ᥼࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋ እᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆᣢࡘᏊ࡝ࡶ㐩ࡸࡑࡢಖㆤ⪅࡬ࡢᨭ᥼ࡣࠊỴࡋ࡚ᙼࡽࡔࡅࡢࡓࡵ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ㐩ࡸಖㆤ⪅ࢆࡣࡌࡵ࡜ࡍࡿࡍ࡭࡚ࡢேࡢᖾࡏ࡟⧅ࡀࡿ࡜ಙࡌࠊឡ▱ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫእᅜேඣ❺⏕ᚐᨭ᥼ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫ࣮࣒࡛ࣝࡣ
᪥ࠎάືࢆࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࡲࡍࠋࡇࡢࠗᑠᏛᰯ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡ࠘ࢆᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ࠾ᙺ❧࡚㡬ࡅࢀࡤᖾ࠸࡟Ꮡࡌࡲࡍࠋ
࡞࠾ࠊࡇࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡࡣࠊࠕ኱Ꮫ㛫㐃ᦠ࡟ࡼࡿᩍဨ㣴ᡂࡢ㧗ᗘ໬ᨭ᥼ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࡢᵓ⠏̿ᩍဨ㣴ᡂࣝࢿࢵࢧࣥ
ࢫ࣭㹆㸿㹒㹍ࣉࣟࢪ࢙ࢡࢺࠖ࡜ឡᩍ኱࡜ᥦᦠࡋ࡚࠸ࡿᅄᕷ㸦ส㇂ᕷ࣭㇏⏣ᕷ࣭▱❧ᕷ࣭㇏᫂ᕷ㸧ࡢ⿵ຓࢆᚓ࡚ฟ
∧ࡍࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡍࠋ
ᖹᡂᖺ᭶ᕝཱྀ┤ᕭ᥎⸀⪅ࡢࡇ࡜ࡤ
Ꮚ࡝ࡶࡓࡕ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ᪂ࡋ࠸Ꮫᰯ࡬ࡢ㌿ධࡸᑠᏛᰯ࡬ࡢධᏛࡣ࠺ࢀࡋ࠸ࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿ࡜࡜ࡶ࡟ࠊ኱ࡁ࡞⎔ቃࡢኚ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ୙Ᏻࡶ࠶ࡾࡲࡍࠋ᪥ᮏேࡢᏊ࡝ࡶ࡛ࡶࠊࡇࡢ⎔ቃࡢኚ໬࡟࠺ࡲࡃ㐺ᛂ࡛ࡁࡎࠊࠕᑠ㸯ࣉࣟࣈ࣒ࣞࠖ
࡜ࡼࡤࢀࡿၥ㢟ࡀ࠾ࡇࡗ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋࡲࡋ࡚ࡸࠊእᅜ࡟࣮ࣝࢶࢆࡶࡘᏊ࡝ࡶࡸࡑࡢಖㆤ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛ
ᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ศ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ࡇ࡜ࡀࡓࡃࡉࢇ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࠋᏊ࡝ࡶࡓࡕࡀᑠᏛᰯ࡟ධᏛࡋࡓࡾ㌿ධࡋࡓࡾࡍࡿ㝿ࠊእᅜேࡢಖㆤ⪅ࡢ᪉ࠎ࡟᪥ᮏࡢᑠᏛᰯ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚▱ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᑡࡋ࡛ࡶ୙Ᏻࢆྲྀࡾ㝖ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀ࡛ࡁࢀࡤ࡜⪃࠼࡚ࠊࡇࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡࡣసᡂࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡲࡍࠋ ᐇ㝿࡟ࡣࠊྛᏛᰯ࡛ࡢྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣࠊࡑࢀࡒࢀࡢᏛᰯ࡛␗࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ࠶ࡿ࡜ᛮ࠸ࡲࡍࡀࠊࡇࡢ࢞࢖ࢻࣈࢵࢡ࡟᭩
࠿ࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࢆᡭࡀ࠿ࡾ࡟ࠊᏛᰯࡢඛ⏕᪉࡜እᅜேࡢಖㆤ⪅࡛ヰࡋྜࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡔࡁࠊᏊ࡝ࡶࡀࢫ࣒࣮ࢬ࡟Ꮫᰯ⏕ά࡟㐺ᛂࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ά⏝ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ㢪࠸ࡲࡍࠋᖹᡂᖺ᭶
ឡ▱ᩍ⫱኱Ꮫእᅜேඣ❺⏕ᚐᨭ᥼ࣜࢯ࣮ࢫ࣮࣒ࣝ ࢔ࢻࣂ࢖ࢨ࣮ ᒣ⏣ ᏕǬǤȉȖȃǯƷ̅ƍ૾ƴƭƍƯᲢᲫᲣ‫׎ٳ‬ƴȫȸȄǛਤƭ̬ᜱᎍǛŴǑǓྸᚐƠƯǋǒƏƨǊƴ ƜƷǬǤȉȖȃǯǛᛠǉƜƱưŴ̬ᜱᎍƕଐஜƷ‫ܖ‬ఄƴƭƍƯƲǜƳऴ‫إ‬ƕഎƚƯƍƯŴƲƷǑƏƳऴ‫إ‬Ǜ࣏ᙲƱƠƯƍǔƷƔǛŴྸᚐƢǔƜƱƕưƖǇƢŵ ଐஜʴ̬ᜱᎍƴบƢȗȪȳȈǛƨƩᚪƢƩƚưƸŴ‫׎ٳ‬ƴȫȸȄǛਤƭ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ̬ᜱᎍƴƸྸᚐưƖƳƍƜƱƕƨƘƞǜƋǔƜƱǛჷƬƯƍƨƩƚǔƱ࣬ƍǇƢŵᲢᲬᲣ‫׎ٳ‬ᛖ༿ƕ࣏ᙲƳ̬ᜱᎍƴบƢƱƖ ࣏ᙲƴࣖơƯ࣏ᙲƳȚȸǸǛǳȔȸƠƯ̬ᜱᎍƴบƢǑƏƴƠƯƘƩƞƍŵǇƱǊƯบƠƯǋƳƔƳƔ
ᛠǜưǋǒƑǇƤǜŵǇƨบƢƱƖƴƸưƖǔƩƚǳȟȥȋǱȸǷȧȳǛƱǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵஜ࢘ƴ୿ƔǕƯƍǔϋܾǛྸᚐƠƯǋǒƑƯƍǔƔƲƏƔǛᄩᛐƢǔƜƱǋ࣏ᙲưƢŵᲢᲭᲣϋܾƴƭƍƯ
ƜƷǬǤȉȖȃǯƸɟᑍႎƳϋܾư୿ƔǕƯƍǇƢŵӲ‫ܖݱ‬ఄƴǑƬƯǬǤȉȖȃǯƴ୿ƔǕƯƍǔϋܾƱီƳǔ‫ئ‬ӳƕƋǓǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƴบƢЭƴ࣏ƣႸǛᡫƠƯƘƩƞƍŵ࣏ᙲƴࣖơƯዋǍϙჇǛࠀƠஆƑǔŴɧᙲƳᢿЎǛෞƢƳƲƠƯƦǕƧǕƷ‫ܖݱ‬ఄƴӳǘƤƨϋܾƴ̲ദƠƯƔǒŴ̬ᜱᎍƴบƢǑƏƴƠƯƘƩƞƍŵ
ଐஜᛖ༿Ʊ‫׎ٳ‬ᛖ༿ƕᙸ᧏Ɩư‫ࣖݣ‬ƠƯƍǇƢŵˌɦƸ̲ദƷ̊ưƢŵᲢ[‫ܖ‬፼ƴƭƍƯ]ƷȚȸǸǑǓᲣƂଐஜᛖ༿ƃƏƪƷ‫ܖݱ‬ఄưƸŴμδᇜƕȏȸȢȋǫǋទλ
Ƣǔŵ

Ƃᒍᛖ༿ƃ

ßȏȸȢȋǫàǛьᇿƢǔŵèǤȳǿȸȍȃȈɥƷᎇᚪᎇᚪǵǤȈǍ

ᲢᲮᲣᲢƑǜƽƭȞȸǯᲣƴƭƍƯᠴ୿ƳƲǛ෇ဇŵ ǬǤȉȖȃǯƷɶƴᲢƑǜƽƭȞȸǯᲣƕЈƯƖǇƢŵƦƜƴƸƦǕƧǕƷ‫ܖݱ‬ఄƴӳǘƤƨϋܾǛᚡλƠƯŴ‫঺ܦ‬ƞƤƯƘƩƞƍŵ
ᲢᲯᲣ‫׎ٳ‬ᛖ༿ƴƋǔƂ  ƃϋƷᙀឱᛟଢƴƭƍƯ ‫׎ٳ‬ᛖ༿ƴƱƜǖƲƜǖƂ  ƃϋƴᙀឱᛟଢƕьƑǒǕƯƍǔᢿЎƕƋǓǇƢŵଐஜ཯ᐯƷǋƷưƋ
ƬƨǓŴ૨҄ƷᢌƍƴǑǓŴଐஜᛖǛƦƷǇǇᚪƢƩƚưƸˡǘǒƳƍƱƖƴƦƷᚕᛖưᛟଢǛьƑƯƋǓǇƢŵƂ  ƃϋƷϋܾƸଐஜᛖ༿ƴƸ୿ƔǕƯƍǇƤǜƷưƝදॖƘƩƞƍŵ
ᲢᲰᲣƦƷ˂ ƜƷǬǤȉȖȃǯƴ୿ƔǕƯƍǔϋܾƸμƯƷ‫ܖݱ‬ఄƴ࢘ƯƸǇǔǘƚưƸƋǓǇƤǜŵǇƨ̬ᜱᎍƕǬǤȉȖȃǯƴ୿ƔƔǕƨϋܾǛƦƷǇǇӖƚӕǔŴǋƠƘƸƜƪǒƷॖ‫׋‬ƱƸီƳǔӖƚӕǓ૾ǛƠƯƠǇƍŴஜஹˡƑƨƍϋܾƕˡǘǒƣŴƦƜƔǒȈȩȖȫƕဃơǔӧᏡࣱǋƋǓǇƢŵƜƷǬǤȉȖȃǯ
Ǜ̅ဇƢǔƜƱưˡƑǔ৖᧓ŴឋբƢǔ৖᧓ǛႾƘƷưƸƳƘŴǬǤȉȖȃǯǛɟደƴᙸƳƕǒŴǳȟȥ
ȋǱȸǷȧȳǛƱǔೞ˟Ǜ‫ف‬ǍƠƯƘƩƞƍŵ

㻌ᑠᏛᰯ䜺䜲䝗䝤䝑䜽䚷㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㻿㼡㼜㼜㼛㼞㼠㻌㻳㼡㼕㼐㼑㻌㻮㼛㼛㼗㻌㻌㻌䡚┠ḟ䡚㻌㻌㻌䡚㼀㼍㼎㼘㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㻯㼛㼚㼠㼑㼚㼠㼟䡚㻌㻌㻌䠍䠊᪥ᮏ䛾ᑠᏛᰯ䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻭㼎㼛㼡㼠㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘䠄䠍䠅᪥ᮏ䛾ᑠᏛᰯ䛳䛶䛹䜣䛺䛸䛣䜝䠛 㼃㼔㼍㼠㻌㼕㼟㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼘㼕㼗㼑㻫ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ 䛾୍᪥㻭㻌㻰㼍㼥㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 1ᑠ Ꮫ ᰯ䛾୍ᖺ㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼅㼑㼍㼞 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 7㛗 ᮇ ఇᬤ
㻸㼛㼚㼓㻌㼂㼍㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 11Ꮫ⩦䛻䛴䛔䛶
㻿㼠㼡㼐㼥 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 13᭹⿦㻯㼘㼛㼠㼔㼕㼚㼓 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 23
ᚲせ䛺䜒 䛾
㻵㼠㼑㼙㼟㻌㻾㼑㼝㼡㼕㼞㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 27Ⓩୗᰯ㻳㼛㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼛㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 35㐃⤡㻯㼛㼚㼠㼍㼏㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 39⥭ ᛴ 㐃⤡
㻱㼙㼑㼞㼓㼑㼚㼏㼥㻌㻯㼛㼚㼠㼍㼏㼠 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 47
ఇᰯ㻯㼘㼛㼟㼡㼞㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼟㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㻔㼃㼔㼑㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼟㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼔㼍㼢㼑㻌㼠㼛㻌㼎㼑㻌㼏㼘㼛㼟㼑㼐㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 49
䠄䠎䠅᪥ᮏ䛾ᑠᏛᰯ䛾⾜஦㻌㻌㻌㻌㻱㼢㼑㼚㼠㼟㻌㼍㼠㻌㻶㼍㼜㼍㼚㼑㼟㼑㻌㻱㼘㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠㼍㼞㼥㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘ᑵᏛ᫬೺ᗣデ᩿㻹㼑㼐㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻱㼤㼍㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㼒㼛㼞㻌㻯㼔㼕㼘㼐㼞㼑㼚㻌㻿㼠㼍㼞㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㻭㼓㼑㻌㻔㻿㼔㼡㼡㼓㼍㼗㼡㼖㼕㻌㻷㼑㼚㼗㼛㼡㻌㻿㼔㼕㼚㼐㼍㼚㻕 ・・ 55䚷 ධᏛᘧ㻱㼚㼠㼞㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㻯㼑㼞㼑㼙㼛㼚㼥㻌㻔㻺㼥㼡㼡㼓㼍㼗㼡㼟㼔㼕㼗㼕㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 57
䚷䚷䠄ᐙᗞゼၥ䞉ಶே᠓ㄯ䞉ᤵᴗཧほ䠅 㼀㼍㼘㼗㼕㼚㼓㻌㼠㼛㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼀㼑㼍㼏㼔㼑㼞ඛ⏕䛸䛾䛚ヰ
㻔㻌㻴㼛㼙㼑㻌㼢㼕㼟㼕㼠㻌㻔㼗㼍㼠㼑㼕㼔㼛㼡㼙㼛㼚㻕㻌䞉㻵㼚㼐㼕㼢㼕㼐㼡㼍㼘㻌㼙㼑㼑㼠㼕㼚㼓㻌㻔㼗㼛㼖㼕㼚㻌㼗㼛㼚㼐㼍㼚㻕㻌䞉㻻㼜㼑㼚㻌㻰㼍㼥㻌㻔㻌㼖㼡㼓㼥㼛㼡㼟㼍㼚㼗㼍㼚㻕㻌㻕 ・・・・・ 61
㐲㊊䞉♫఍ぢᏛ㻱㼤㼏㼡㼞㼟㼕㼛㼚㼟㻌㻔㼑㼚㼟㼛㼗㼡㻕䞉㻲㼕㼑㼘㼐㻌㼠㼞㼕㼜㻌㻔㼟㼔㼍㼗㼍㼕㻌㼗㼑㼚㼓㼍㼗㼡㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 65䝥䞊䝹㻼㼛㼛㼘㻌㻛㻌㻿㼣㼕㼙㼙㼕㼚㼓 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 69㜵⅏䞉㑊㞴カ⦎㻰㼕㼟㼍㼟㼠㼑㼞㻌㻼㼞㼑㼢㼑㼚㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻔㻮㼛㼡㼟㼍㼕㻌㻷㼡㼚㼞㼑㼚㻕㻌䞉㻱㼢㼍㼏㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻰㼞㼕㼘㼘㼟㻔㻴㼕㼚㼍㼚㻌㻷㼡㼚㼞㼑㼚㻕 ・・・・・ 75
㐠ື఍㻿㼜㼛㼞㼠㼟㻌㻰㼍㼥㻌㻔㼁㼚㼐㼛㼡㼗㼍㼕㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 77Ꮫ⩦䠄⏕ά䠅Ⓨ⾲఍㻼㼑㼞㼒㼛㼞㼙㼍㼚㼏㼑㻌㻰㼍㼥㻌㻔㻳㼍㼗㼡㼟㼔㼡㼡㻌㻔㼟㼑㼕㼗㼍㼠㼟㼡㻕㻌㻴㼍㼜㼜㼥㼛㼡㼗㼍㼕㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 83㔝እᏛ⩦㻻㼡㼠㼐㼛㼛㼞㻌㻱㼐㼡㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 87ಟᏛ᪑⾜㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㼀㼞㼕㼜㻌㻔㻿㼔㼡㼡㼓㼍㼗㼡㻌㻾㼥㼛㼗㼛㼡㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 89༞ᴗᘧ㻳㼞㼍㼐㼡㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻯㼑㼞㼑㼙㼛㼚㼥㻌㻔㻿㼛㼠㼟㼡㼓㼥㼛㼡㼟㼔㼕㼗㼕㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 91䠄䠏䠅Ꮚ䛹䜒䛾య䜔ᡂ㛗㻌㻌㻌㻯㼔㼕㼘㼐㼞㼑㼚㻓㼟㻌㻴㼑㼍㼘㼠㼔㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㻳㼞㼛㼣㼠㼔䐟䚷⑓Ẽ䜔䛡䛜䛾䛸䛝㻭㼠㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㼠㼕㼙㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼕㼘㼘㼚㼑㼟㼟㻌㼛㼞㻌㼍㼚㻌㼕㼚㼖㼡㼞㼥 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 95
䐠䚷య䛾ᡂ㛗
㻼㼔㼥㼟㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻳㼞㼛㼣㼠㼔 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・ 99䐡䚷೺ᗣ䛻䛴䛔䛶
㻯㼔㼕㼘㼐㼞㼑㼚㻓㼟㻌㼔㼑㼍㼘㼠㼔ண㜵᥋✀㼂㼍㼏㼏㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・101䛞䜗䛖⹸᳨ᰝ
㻼㼕㼚㼣㼛㼞㼙㻌㻵㼚㼟㼜㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・105᳨౽㻿㼠㼛㼛㼘㻌㼀㼑㼟㼠㻌㻔㻷㼑㼚㼎㼑㼚㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・109ឤᰁ⑕㻵㼚㼒㼑㼏㼠㼕㼛㼚㼟 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・113
೺ᗣデ᩿㻹㼑㼐㼕㼏㼍㼘㻌㻱㼤㼍㼙㼕㼚㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・117
䐢䚷⾨⏕⟶⌮
㻴㼥㼓㼕㼑㼚㼑㻌㻹㼍㼚㼍㼓㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・121
䐣䚷ඖẼ䛺Ꮚ䛹䜒䛾୍᪥ 㻭㻌㻰㼍㼥㻌㼕㼚㻌㼠㼔㼑㻌㻸㼕㼒㼑㻌㼛㼒㻌㼍㻌㻴㼑㼍㼘㼠㼔㼥㻌㻯㼔㼕㼘㼐 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・125
䠄䠐䠅㣗஦䛻䛴䛔䛶 㻹㼑㼍㼘㼟䐟䚷⤥㣗㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘㻌㻸㼡㼚㼏㼔㻌㻔㻷㼥㼡㼡㼟㼔㼛㼗㼡㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・127䐠䚷䛚ᘚᙜ䞉Ỉ⟄㻸㼡㼚㼏㼔㼎㼛㼤㻌㻔㻻㼎㼑㼚㼠㼛㼡㻕㻌㼍㼚㼐㻌㼃㼍㼠㼑㼞㻌㼎㼛㼠㼠㼘㼑㻌㻔㻿㼡㼕㼠㼛㼡㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・131
䠎䠊䝁䝷䝮 㻯㼛㼘㼡㼙㼚䐟䚷ᐙᗞ䛷䛾౑⏝ゝㄒ㻸㼍㼚㼓㼡㼍㼓㼑㼟㻌㼁㼟㼑㼐㻌㼍㼠㻌㻴㼛㼙㼑 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・135
䐠䚷䠬䠰䠝άື䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷䚷㻌㻼㼀㻭㻌㻔㻼㼍㼞㼑㼚㼠㻙㼀㼑㼍㼏㼔㼑㼞㻌㻭㼟㼟㼛㼏㼕㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻕 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・137
䐡䚷Ꮚ䛹䜒䛾䛯䜑䛻㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻲㼛㼞㻌㼅㼛㼡㼞㻌㻯㼔㼕㼘㼐 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・139
䐢䚷ᖐᏯᚋ䛾㐣䛤䛧᪉㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻌㻭㼒㼠㼑㼞㻌㻳㼛㼕㼚㼓㻌㻴㼛㼙㼑㻌㼒㼞㼛㼙㻌㻿㼏㼔㼛㼛㼘 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・141
䠏䠊౽฼ᖒ㻌㻌㻌㻌㼁㼟㼑㼒㼡㼘㻌㻺㼛㼠㼕㼒㼕㼏㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚䐟䚷஦๓☜ㄆ஦㡯㻼㼞㼕㼛㼞㻌㻯㼛㼚㼒㼕㼞㼙㼍㼠㼕㼛㼚㻌㻹㼍㼠㼠㼑㼞 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・145
䐠䚷⾜஦䛾䛚䛧䜙䛫㻱㼢㼑㼚㼠㻌㻭㼚㼚㼛㼡㼚㼏㼑㼙㼑㼚㼠 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・147
䐡䚷ཧ⪃䠱㻾䠨
㻾㼑㼒㼑㼞㼑㼚㼏㼑㼟 ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・149

‫ܖݱ‬ఄƷɟଐƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƍƪƴƪ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒɟଐᴾ
ᴾЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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ᵠᶍᶍᶉᴾᶐᶃᵿᶂᶇᶌᶅᴾ

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ᵫᶍᶐᶌᶇᶌᶅᴾ

ᴾᵿᶁᶒᶇᶔᶇᶒᶗᴾᵱᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵿᶑᶑᶃᶋᶀᶊᶗᴾ

ᵠᶍᶍᶉᴾᶐᶃᵿᶂᶇᶌᶅ

ᾇᾉᾁᾄᴾ
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ṟ ᵫᶍᶐᶌᶇᶌᶅᴾᵿᶑᶑᶃᶋᶀᶊᶗᴾ

ᾇᾉᾃ὿ᴾ
ᾈᾉᾁᾄᴾ

ᵏᴾ

Ṡ ᵦᶍᶋᶃᶐᶍᶍᶋᴾ ᵫᵿᶒᶆᶃᶋᵿᶒᶇᶁᶑ ᵫᶍᶐᵿᶊᴾᵿᶁᶒᶇᶔᶇᶒᶗᴾ
ᴾᵫᵿᶒᶆᶃᶋᵿᶒᶇᶁᶑᴾ ᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾ

ᵐᴾᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾ

ᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾ

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ᾈᾉᾂᾄᴾ
ᾀ὿ᾉᾁ὿ᴾᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾ

ᴾᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾᵟᶐᶒᴾ

ṡ ᵰᶃᶁᶃᶑᶑᴾᾀ὿ᾉᾃ὿ᴾᵑᴾᾀᾀᾉᾁᾄᴾᵪᶇᶄᶃᴾᶃᶌᶔᶇᶐᶍᶌᶋᶃᶌᶒᴾᵮᵌᵣᵌᴾ

ᵫᵿᶒᶆᶃᶋᵿᶒᶇᶁᶑ ᵮᵌᵣᵌᴾᵟᶐᶒᴾᶑᶒᶓᶂᶗᴾᴾᴾᾀᾀᾉᾂᾄᴾᾀᾁᾉᾁ὿ᴾᵒᴾᵪᶇᶄᶃᴾᵫᵿᶒᶆᶃᶋᵿᶒᶇᶁᶑ ᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾᶃᶌᶔᶇᶐᶍᶌᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶊᴾ‒ᶑᶒᶓᶂᶗᴾᵫᵿᶒᶆᶃᶋᵿᶒᶇᶁᶑᴾ ᵪᶇᶄᶃᴾ
ᶃᶌᶔᶇᶐᶍᶌᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶊᴾᶑᶒᶓᶂᶗᴾ ᴾ

ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Ṣᴾ ᵪᶓᶌᶁᶆᴾᴾṣᴾ ᵡᶊᶃᵿᶌᶇᶌᶅᴾᴾ

ᵬᶍᶍᶌᴾᶐᶃᶁᶃᶑᶑᴾ

ᴾᾀᾂᾉᾄ὿ᴾᾀᾃᾉᾂᾄᴾᴾᵓᴾᵡᵿᶊᶊᶇᶅᶐᵿᶎᶆᶗᴾᵫᶓᶑᶇᶁᴾᵫᶓᶑᶇᶁᴾᵨᵿᶎᵿᶌᶃᶑᶃᴾᵮᵌᵣᵌᴾṤᵟᶑᶑᶃᶋᶀᶊᶗᴾᶀᶃᶄᶍᶐᶃᴾᶅᶍᶇᶌᶅᴾᶆᶍᶋᶃᴾᾀᾃᾉᾄᾄᴾᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᵥᶍᶇᶌᶅᴾᶆᶍᶋᶃᴾ Ὁᴾ ṥᴾ ᵥᵿᶉᶓᶂᶍᶓᴾᵦᶍᶇᶉᶓᴾᵆᵟᶄᶒᶃᶐᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵡᵿᶐᶃᴾᵮᶐᶍᶅᶐᵿᶋᵇᴾ Ὁᴾ ᴾ

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ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᵦᶍᶓᶉᵿᶅᶍᴾᵩᶍᶂᶍᶋᶍᴾᵩᶗᶍᶓᶑᶆᶇᶒᶑᶓᴾᵆᵟᶄᶒᶃᶐᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵢᵿᶗᵋᶁᵿᶐᶃᵇᴾ ίṦᴾ ᵡᶊᶓᶀᴾᵿᶁᶒᶇᶔᶇᶒᶇᶃᶑὸᴾ
2

‫ܖݱ‬ఄƷɟଐ

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Ṟஔỉ෇ѣᴾƋƞƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ஔŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴბƘƱŴᐯЎƷ ૙ ܴ ƴλǓŴਤƬƯƖƨ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ဇφǛᐯЎƷ த ƷࡽƖЈƠƴƍƝƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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λǕŴȩȳȉǻȫǛȭȃǫȸƴƠǇƍǇƢŵƦƷࢸŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴǑƬƯƸžᛠ୿ſǍž୿ƖӕǓſ
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ǔƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵμఄ ᨼ ˟ ưƸŴ ఄ ᧈ έဃƷ ᛅ ǛᎥƍƨǓŴ ᘙ ࢧ ƕƋƬƨǓƠǇƢŵᴾ

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      ȷͤࡍᚇ‫ݑ‬Ჴ‫܇‬ƲǋƷƦƷଐƷ ˳ ᛦ ǛᄩᛐƠǇƢŵ
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ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ǄƱǜƲƷ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄưŴ੉ ಅ Ʒ‫ڼ‬ǇǓƱኳǘǓƴƸȁȣǤȠƕᯚǓǇƢŵ‫ڼ‬ǇǓƷȁȣǤȠ
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ƕᯚǔǇưƴƸŴᐯЎƷࠗƴࡈƬƯഏƷ ੉ ಅ ƷแͳǛƠƯ ੉ ಅ ƕ‫ڼ‬ǇǔƷǛࢳƪǇƢŵ

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ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ੉ ಅ Ʊ ੉ ಅ Ʒ ᧓ ƴƸŴᲫᲪ᳸ᲬᲪЎᆉࡇƷ˞ǈ଺᧓ƕƋǓǇƢŵჺ ƍ˞ǈ଺᧓ƸȈǤȬ
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ƻǖƹƴᘍƬƨǓŴഏƷ ੉ ಅ ƷแͳǛƠƨǓƠƯᢅƝƠǇƢƕŴᧈƍ˞ǈ଺᧓ƴƸᢃ ѣ ‫ ئ‬Ǎ࠼‫ئ‬ư
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   è‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷȈǤȬƷǄƱǜƲƸԧࡸȈǤȬưƢŵᲢ ᡫ ࠝ Ŵ‫࠰ܖ‬ƴɟƭƘǒƍබࡸȈǤȬ
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ǘƠƖ

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ᲶԧࡸȈǤȬƷ̅ƍ૾Ჸ








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ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƸŴᐯЎƨƪƷ̅Ə ૙ ܴ ǍȈǤȬŴᢃ ѣ ‫ ئ‬ƳƲǛŴǈǜƳưЎਃƠŴƖ
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ȖſžȈȯǤȩǤȈǹǯȸȫſƳƲŴ‫؏ע‬ƴǑƬƯಮŷƳԠƼ૾ƕƞǕƯƍǇƢŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄϋǍ
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ƞƍ ǈ Ǉ ǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƶǜƤƍƲ Ǒ Ə ƼơơƜƂ ‫ ݣ‬ᝋ ƃᚃƕ ΁ ƍƯƍǔŴᲫᲪৗச฼Ტ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ჭ࠰ဃǇưᲣƷ‫܇‬ƲǋƱƠƯƍǔƱƜǖƕ
ƓƓ‫ٶ‬ƍŵ ơ Ɣ ǜ

ǁƍơƭ

ƛƜƏ ơ

ơ

ǊǍƢ

ƴƪǑƏ Ƽ

ƠǎƘơƭ

ǍƢ

ƓƓ

Ƃ ଺ ᧓ ƃ࠯ଐƸɦఄ଺᳸ᲫᲲ଺Ŵ‫୴ם‬ଐƸᲳ଺᳸ᲫᲲ଺ƕႸ‫ܤ‬ŵଐ୴ଐȷ ᅔ ଐƸƓ˞ǈƕ‫ٶ‬
ƍŵ
ǓǐƏƖǜ

Ʃƍ

ƾƘ

ǓǑƏǓǐƏƂ ૰ ᣿ ƃƓǍƭˊǛԃǊƨМဇ૰ƕƔƔǔŵ    Ǆ Ə Ɣ Ɲ Ɯ

ƖǐƏƠƭ

ƪƍƖ

ƖƯƍ

ƪƕ

Ŭ્ᛢࢸ‫܇‬Ʋǋ ૙ ܴ  è‫؏ע‬ƴǑƬƯᙹ‫ܭ‬ƕᢌƍǇƢŵƨƍƠǐƏƜƏǓƭƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ ơ Ɣ ǜ

ǁƍơƭ

ǓǐƏƖǜ

ǉǓǐƏ

ƔǑ

ƥǜƍǜ

Ƃ ‫ ݣ‬ᝋ ƃπᇌ ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᡫƏμՃŵ
ƛƜƏ ơ

ơ

Ʋ Ǒ Ə ƼƴƪǑƏ Ƽ

ƠǎƘơƭ

ǍƢ

ƓƓ

Ƃ ଺ ᧓ ƃ࠯ଐƸɦఄ଺᳸ᲫᲰȷᲫᲱ଺Ŵ‫୴ם‬ଐȷଐ୴ଐȷ ᅔ ଐƸƓ˞ǈƕ‫ٶ‬ƍŵƂ ૰ ᣿ ƃ໯૰ƕǄƱǜƲŵ

ốẦếỄạ

Ṧᢿ෇ѣᴾ
ƶǜƤƍƍơǐƏǄ Ə Ɣ Ɲ

ƏǜƲƏ

ƿǜƔƯƖ

ƔƭƲƏ

ƞǜƔ

ƖǄǜƯƖ

ƥǜƍǜ

ƹƋƍ

ƖǅƏƠǌ

ƓƜƳ

ƿƔƭƲƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

Ხ࠰ဃˌɥƴƳǔƱŴ્ᛢࢸƴᢃѣǍ૨҄ႎƳ෇ѣǛ ᘍ Əžᢿ෇ѣſƕƋǔ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƕƋǓ
ƞǜƔ

ƕƬƜƏ

ƪƕ

ǇƢŵӋьƴƭƍƯƸŴؕஜႎƴμՃƷ‫ئ‬ӳǍŴࠎஓᎍƷǈӋьƳƲ‫ܖ‬ఄƴǑƬƯᢌƍǇƢŵ  ƔƭƲƏǕƍ  Ƃ෇ѣ̊ƃ
ǍƖǎƏ

ƢƍƑƍ

ǓƘơǐƏ

    ᣼ྶȷȐȬȸȜȸȫȷȐǹǱȃȈȜȸȫȷ൦පȷ ᨕ ɥ ȷǵȃǫȸƢƍƦƏƕƘƕƬƠǐƏ    ԉ‫ڌ‬ಏᲢȖȩǹȐȳȉᲣȷ ӳ ՘ Ƥƍƿƭ Ơ ƍ Ƙ

ƲƘƠǐ

Ɣƍƕ

    ဃཋ᫫Ꮛȷᛠ୿ȷዋဒᴾ

5

‫ܖݱ‬ఄƷɟଐṣᵡᶊᶃᵿᶌᶇᶌᶅᴾᴾ ᴾ ᴾ 6JGUVWFGPVUCTGTGURQPUKDNGHQTENGCPKPIVJGKTQYPENCUUTQQOUTGUVTQQOUCPF
RNC[ HKGNF 6JG ENGCPKPI KU UJCTGF D[ CNN VJG UVWFGPVU 6JG UVWFGPVU TQVCVG VJGKTENGCPKPIFWVKGUCPFXGPWGUUQVJCVVJG[IGVVQENGCPFKHHGTGPVXGPWGU 

ᴾᴾᴾṤᵟᶑᶑᶃᶋᶀᶊᶗᴾᶀᶃᶄᶍᶐᶃᴾᶅᶍᶇᶌᶅᴾᶆᶍᶋᶃᴾᴾ ᴾ ᴾ 9JGPVJGNCUVENCUUKUQXGTHQTVJGFC[CPCUUGODN[KUJGNFDGHQTGIQKPIJQOG+V
KUVJGVKOGVQTGHNGEVHQTVJGFC[CPFNKUVGPVQVJGCPPQWPEGOGPVHQTVJGPGZVFC[6JGJQOGTQQOVGCEJGTYTKVGUCPPQWPEGOGPVUUWEJCUVJKPIUVQDTKPIHQTPGZVFC[YJKNGVJGUVWFGPVUVCMGPQVGKPVJGKT4GPTCMWEJQ EQTTGURQPFGPEGPQVGDQQMU ṥᵥᵿᶉᶓᶂᶍᶓᴾᵦᶍᶇᶉᶓᴾ ᵆᵟᶄᶒᶃᶐᴾᵱᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵡᵿᶐᶃᴾᵮᶐᶍᶅᶐᵿᶋᵇᴾ Ὁᴾ ᵦᶍᶓᶉᵿᶅᶍᴾᵩᶍᶂᶍᶋᶍᴾᵩᶗᶍᶓᶑᶆᶇᶒᶑᶓᴾ
ᵆᵟᶄᶒᶃᶐᴾᵱᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵢᵿᶗᵋᶁᵿᶐᶃᵇᴾ
ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ )CMWFQW *QKMW CPF *QWMCIQ -QFQOQ -[QWUJKVUW CTG RTQITCOU HQT VJGUVWFGPVU VQ URGPF VKOG CHVGT UEJQQN 6JGTG CTG XCTKQWU MKPFU QH PCOG HQT VJGRTQITCOFGRGPFUQPVJGCTGCUWEJCUß0CMC[QUJK%NWDàQTß6YKNKIJV5EJQQNà
5VWFGPVUOC[RNC[CVVJGUEJQQNRNC[ITQWPFCPFKPFQQTRNC[HCEKNKVKGUUKPEGVJG[CTGOQUVN[ NQECVGF QP VJG KPVGTKQT QH VJG GNGOGPVCT[ UEJQQN QT ,KFQWMCP RWDNKEEJKNFTGPÞ
UEGPVGT   6JGTGCTGKPUVTWEVQTUNQQMKPICHVGTVJGUVWFGPVUCVCNNVKOGUHQT
UCHGV[RTGECWVKQPŬ)CMWFQW*QKMW #HVGTUEJQQNECTGRTQITCO  
4GIWNCVKQPUOC[FKHHGTFGRGPFKPIQPVJGTGIKQPU
Ƃ4GSWKTGOGPVUƃ/QUVRNCEGUTGSWKTGVJCVVJGEJKNFTGPVQDGWPFGTVJGCIGQHITCFGQTWPFGT YKVJDQVJRCTGPVUYQTMKPIFWTKPIVJGFC[ Ƃ6KOGƃ1PYGGMFC[UHTQOCHVGTUEJQQNVKNNROCOVQROQP5CVWTFC[U/CP[RNCEGUCTGENQUGFQP5WPFC[UCPFRWDNKEJQNKFC[UƂ(GGƃ6JGEJCTIGKPENWFGUUPCEMHGG    
Ŭ*QWMCIQ-QFQOQ-[QWUJKVUW #HVGTUEJQQN&C[ECTG  
4GIWNCVKQPUOC[FKHHGTFGRGPFKPIQPVJGTGIKQPU
Ƃ4GSWKTGOGPVUƃ#NNUVWFGPVUYJQIQVQRWDNKEGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNU
Ƃ6KOGƃ1PYGGMFC[UHTQOCHVGTUEJQQNVKNNROQTRO +VKUPQVCXCKNCDNGQPYGGMGPFUCPFRWDNKEJQNKFC[UKPOCP[QHVJGECUGU
Ƃ(GGƃ (TGGQHEJCTIGKPOQUVECUGUṦᵡᶊᶓᶀᴾᵟᶁᶒᶇᶔᶇᶒᶗᴾ
 +PUQOGUEJQQNUUVWFGPVUYJQCTGCVITCFGQTCDQXGCVVGPFß$WMCVUWFQ %NWD
#EVKXKV[ àVQRNC[URQTVUQTVQLQKPEWNVWTCNCEVKXKVKGUCHVGTUEJQQN5QOGUEJQQNUOCMG
KVEQORWNUQT[HQTCNNUVWFGPVUVQRCTVKEKRCVGKPENWDCEVKXKVKGUYJKNGQVJGTUCNNQYQPN[VJQUGYJQCTGKPVGTGUVGFVQFQUQ+VFGRGPFUQPVJGKPFKXKFWCNUEJQQN   Ƃ'ZCORNGƃ    $CUGDCNNȷ8QNNG[$CNNȷ$CUMGV$CNNȷ5YKOOKPI6TCEMCPF(KGNFȷ5QEEGTȷ$TCUU$CPFȷ%JQKT#PKOCN%NWDȷ$QQM%NWDȷ2CKPVKPIᴾ

6‫ܖݱ‬ఄƷɟ࠰ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƍƪƶǜ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒɟ࠰ᴾ
ᴾЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵẲỢạầẾẮạ

ẟẼỈỮᾀώ‫ܖݱ‬ఄỉɟ࠰ᴾ
ƴǄǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƕƭ

Ƹơ

ƕƭ

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 ଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƸŴᲮஉƴ‫ڼ‬ǇƬƯŴᲭஉƴኳǘǓǇƢŵ
↓ⅼ

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ᴾ

ƕƭ

ƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

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‫ܓ‬ራỉᘍʙᴾλ ‫ࡸ ܖ‬ȷ‫ڼ‬ಅࡸ

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ƕᵻ

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Ჰஉ

ƠƗǐƏƠƖ

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Ხஉ
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உᴾ

ƕƭ

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ƠǎƏǓǐƏƠƖ

ƠǎƏǓǐƏƠƖ

ƦƭƗǐƏƠƖ

Ƹǔ

ᴾᴾƦƭƗǐƏƠƖ̲ ʕ ࡸ ȷҡ ಅ ࡸ ̲ ʕ ࡸ ȷҡ ಅ ࡸ ǍƢବ ˞ ǈầẪ ỈỮᾁώ‫࠰ܖ‬ᴾƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƶǜƔǜƔǑ

ƶǜǕƍƕƘƶǜƤƍ ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƸŴᲰ࠰᧓ᡫƍǇƢŵ࠰ᱫƴǑǔᲰ‫࠰ܖ‬СưƢŵƕƭ ƾ ƭ ƔǑƘƶǜƕƭƭƍƨƪ

ƞƍ

Ɯ

Ʃƍ

ƕƘƶǜ

ƶǜƤƍ

ᲮஉᲬଐ᳸፻࠰ᲮஉᲫଐƴ  ᲱৗƴƳǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋ  ă ᇹᲫ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᲢᲫ࠰ဃᲣ
ᲲৗƴƳǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋ  ă ᇹᲬ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᲢᲬ࠰ဃᲣ
ᲳৗƴƳǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋ  ă ᇹᲭ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᲢᲭ࠰ဃᲣ
ᲫᲪৗƴƳǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋ  ă ᇹᲮ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᲢᲮ࠰ဃᲣ
ᲫᲫৗƴƳǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋ  ă ᇹᲯ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᲢᲯ࠰ဃᲣ
ᲫᲬৗƴƳǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋ  ă ᇹᲰ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᲢᲰ࠰ဃᲣ7˯‫࠰ܖ‬
ƯƍƕƘƶǜ

ƪǎƏƕƘƶǜ

ɶ‫࠰ܖ‬ƜƏƕƘƶǜ

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5EJQQN;GCT
ᴾ +H[QWJCXGCP[EQPEGTPQTCP[VJKPI[QWFQPQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTᴾᾀώᴾ ᵱᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵷᶃᵿᶐᴾᶇᶌᴾᶃᶊᶃᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶐᶗᴾᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾ
 ,CRCPGUGUEJQQN[GCTUVCTVUQP#RTKNCPFGPFUQP/CTEJ

ᵐᶑᶃᶋᶃᶑᶒᶃᶐᴾ

ᵑᶑᶃᶋᶃᶑᶒᶃᶐᴾᶑᶗᶑᶒᶃᶋᴾ

ᴾᵫᶍᶌᶒᶆᴾᶑᶗᶑᶒᶃᶋᴾ

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(TQO#RTKNVQ#RTKNQHHQNNQYKPI[GCT#EJKNFCIGQH   ă UV ITCFG UVITCFGT    .QYGTITCFGU#EJKNFCIGQH   ă PF ITCFG PFITCFGT #EJKNFCIGQH   ă TF  ITCFG TFITCFGT   /KFFNGITCFGU#EJKNFCIGQH ă VJ  ITCFG VJITCFGT #EJKNFCIGQH ă VJ ITCFG VJITCFGT    
7RRGTITCFGU#EJKNFCIGQH ă VJ ITCFG VJITCFGT  8‫ܖݱ‬ఄƷɟ࠰ầ Ế Ẩᾂώ‫ܖ‬஖ᴾ
ƶǜƔǜ

ƕƘƶǜ

ƔƯƍ

ǘ

Ɯ

ƔǑ

Ჯஉ

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ƕƬƖƤƍ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƕƬƖƤƍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ  Ძ࠰᧓Ტ‫࠰ܖ‬ᲣƷᛢᆉǛƍƘƭƔƴЎƚƯƍǇƢŵᲭ‫ܖ‬஖СƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƱŴᲬ‫ܖ‬஖СƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƕƬƖƤƍ

ƔƘƴǜ

ƕƋǓǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷᡫƬƯƍǔ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƕƲƪǒƷ‫ܖ‬஖СƳƷƔŴǑƘᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵ
 ᴾ
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ẲẩỢạẲẨ

ᾃώ‫ڼ‬ಅࡸᴾ
ƔƘƕƬƖ

Ơǐƴƪ

ƠƗǐƏƠƖ

ƓƜƳƠƗǐƏƠƖ

ƥǜƜƏ ơ Ʋ ƏƨƍƍƘƔǜ

ƋƭƜƏƪǐƏƤǜƤƍ

Ӳ‫ܖ‬஖ƷИଐƴŴ‫ڼ‬ಅࡸǛ ᘍ ƍǇƢŵ‫ڼ‬ಅࡸưƸŴμఄδᇜƕ˳Ꮛ᫾ƴᨼǇƬƯŴఄ ᧈ έဃ
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Ʒ ᛅ ǛᎥƍƨǓŴˊ ᘙ Ʒ‫܇‬ƲǋƴǑǔॖᙸ ႆ ᘙ ǛᎥƍƨǓŴఄജǛജƍǇƢŵ‫ܖ‬ఄဃ෇ƴራႸƾ ǜ ƍ Ɩ

Ƌơ

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Ʋ Ə Ɩ ƮǛ˄ƚŴ᩺ƔƳᩎ‫׊‬ൢǛԛǘƍŴ ૼ Ơƍဃ෇ǁƷѣೞ˄ƚƱƠǇƢŵƠƗǐƏƠƖ

ƻƖǎƏƠǐƘ

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ƕƬƖƕƘƶǜǇƭ

ƞƍƠǎƏƼƸƳƠƍ ƚ ǜ ƸƬƽǐƏ

ƻ‫ڼ‬ಅࡸƷଐƸ ዅ ᫢ ƕƋǓǇƤǜŵҜЭɶƴɦఄƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵ‫ڼ‬ಅࡸƷଐƸȩȳȉǻ
Ư

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ȫưƸƳƘŴ৖੩ƛ ᘥ ưႇఄƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵẲỠạẩỢạẲẨ ẲỠạụỢạẲẨ

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ƞƍƠǎƏƼ

ƠǎƏƗǐƏƠƖ

ƓƜƳƠǎƏǓǐƏƠƖ  Ძ‫ܖ‬஖ȷᲬ‫ܖ‬஖ƷஇኳଐƴŴኳ ಅ ࡸ Ǜ ᘍ ƍǇƢŵᲭ‫ܖ‬஖Ტ‫࠰ܖ‬஛ᲣƷஇኳଐƴƸŴ̲ ʕ ࡸƓƜƳǛ ᘍ ƍǇƢŵƠƗǐƏƠƖ

ƓƳƥǜƜƏ ơ Ʋ ƏƋƭƜƏƪǐƏƤǜƤƍƜ Ə Ɣ ƤƍƠǐƏ

‫ڼ‬ಅࡸƱӷơǑƏƴŴμఄδᇜƕᨼǇǓŴఄ ᧈ έဃƷ ᛅ Ǎॖᙸ ႆ ᘙ Ŵఄജ ૪ ՘ ƳƲǛƠǇ
ƨƍƔƍƴǎƏƠǐƏ

ơƲƏƻǐƏƠǐƏ

ƢŵǳȳǯȸȫǍǹȝȸȄƷ‫˟ٻ‬ƳƲư λ ច ƠƨδᇜƷ ᘙ ࢧ ǋƋǓǇƢŵƠǎƏƗǐƏƠƖ

ƠǎƏǓǐƏƠƖ ƝƪǐƏƖƖǎƏƗǐƏ

ƠƖƯǜƝ

ƕƬƖǎƏ

ƨǜƴǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƭƏƪƻǐƏኳ ಅ ࡸ ȷ ̲ ʕ ࡸࢸƸᧈ஖ ˞ ಅ ƴƳǔƷưŴࡸχࢸƴ ‫ ܖ‬ኢ ưਃ˓ƷέဃƔǒᡫჷᘙǍȆƤƍƞƘƞƘƻǜ

ǁǜƖǌƘǹȈŴᙌ˺˺ԼƳƲƕ ᡉ Ҳ ƞǕǇƢŵƠǎƏƗǐƏƠƖ

ƠǎƏǓǐƏƠƖ

ƻƖǎƏƠǐƘ

ƝƥǜƪǎƏ

ƛƜƏƓƓƠǎƏƗǐƏƠƖኳ ಅ ࡸȷ̲ ʕ ࡸ ƷଐƸ ዅ ᫢ ƕƋǓǇƤǜŵҜЭɶƴɦఄƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵኳ ಅ ࡸ ȷƠǎƏǓǐƏƠƖ

ƻ

Ư

ƞ

ƿƘǖ

ƱƏƜƏ

ƓƓ

̲ ʕ ࡸ ƷଐƸȩȳȉǻȫưƸƳƘŴ৖੩ƛ ᘥ ưႇఄƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵ






9

‫ܖݱ‬ఄƷɟ࠰ᾂώᵱᶃᶋᶃᶑᶒᶃᶐᴾ  #PCECFGOKE[GCT ITCFG KUFKXKFGFKPVQUGXGTCNUGOGUVGTU6JGTGCTGVYQU[UVGOU
CUGOGUVGTU[UVGOCPFCUGOGUVGTU[UVGO2NGCUGEJGEMYKVJVJGEJKNFÞUUEJQQNYJKEJU[UVGOKVKUHQNNQYKPI ᴾ

UVUGOGUVGT#RTKNVQ,WN[ 

,WN[

#WI

5GRV

PFUGOGUVGT 5GRVGODGT



1EV

0QX

&GE

VQ&GEGODGT    #RTKNVQ1EVQDGT 

(GD

/CTEJ

TFUGOGUVGT,CPWCT[VQ
/CTEJ 5RTKPI8CECVKQP     JCNH[GCTPFJCNH
[GCT
1EVQDGTVQ
/CTEJ 9KPVGT8CECVKQPUV#WVWOP8CECVKQPUGOGUVGT
U[UVGO

5WOOGT8CECVKQP



,CP

5RTKPI8CECVKQP



,WPG

9KPVGT8CECVKQP




/C[

5WOOGT#RTKN

8CECVKQPUGOGUVGTU[UVGOᾃώᵱᶆᶇᶅᶗᶍᶓᶑᶆᶇᶉᶇᴾᵆᵭᶎᶃᶌᶇᶌᶅᴾᵡᶃᶐᶃᶋᶍᶌᶗᵇ
5JKI[QWUJKMK 1RGPKPI %GTGOQP[  KU JGNF QP VJG HKTUV FC[ QH GCEJ UGOGUVGT #NNUVWFGPVUCUUGODNGCVUEJQQNI[OVQNKUVGPVQVJGUEJQQNRTKPEKRNGÞUURGGEJUVWFGPVÞU
TGRTGUGPVCVKXGÞUEQOOGPVCPFUKPIUEJQQNUQPI5JKI[QWUJKMKOCTMUVJGHKTUVUVCIGQHGCEJUVWFGPVÞUUEJQQNNKHG6JGUVWFGPVUHGGNVJGRGCEGHWNCVOQURJGTGHTQOVJGQRGPKPIEGTGOQP[OQVKXCVKPIVJGOVQUVCTVVJGPGYUEJQQNNKHG
  6JGTGKUPQUEJQQNNWPEJQPVJGFC[QHQRGPKPIEGTGOQP[5VWFGPVUIQJQOGDGHQTG
PQQPKPOQUVUEJQQNU+POCP[UEJQQNUUVWFGPVUCTGVQNFVQDTKPIUOCNNGTECTTKGTDCIUKPUVGCFQH4CPUGN UEJQQNDCEMRCEM QPVJGFC[QHQRGPKPIEGTGOQP[ᾄώᵱᶆᶓᶓᶅᶗᶍᶓᶑᶆᶇᶉᶇᴾᵆᵡᶊᶍᶑᶇᶌᶅᴾᵡᶃᶐᶃᶋᶍᶌᶗᵇᴾ Ὁᴾ ᵱᶆᶓᶓᶐᶗᶍᶓᶑᶆᶇᶉᶇᴾᵆᵡᶍᶋᶎᶊᶃᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾᵡᶃᶐᶃᶋᶍᶌᶗᵇᴾ
 6JG5JWWI[QWUJKMKKUJGNFQPVJGNCUVFC[QHUVUGOGUVGTPFUGOGUVGT5JWWT[QWUJKMKKUJGNFQPVJGNCUVFC[QHTFUGOGUVGT GPFQHUEJQQN[GCTQTVJGGPFQHVJGCECFGOKE
[GCT 
  5KOKNCT VQ VJG QRGPKPI EGTGOQP[ CNN UVWFGPVU CUUGODNG CPF NKUVGP VQ VJG UEJQQNRTKPEKRNGÞUURGGEJUVWFGPVTGRTGUGPVCVKXGÞUEQOOGPVCPFUKPIUEJQQNUQPI#EQOOGPFCVKQPEGTGOQP[HQTRTK\GYKPPGTUHTQOEQORGVKVKQPQTURQTVUVQWTPCOGPVKU
JGNFCVVJGUCOGVKOG
6JGTGKUCNQPIXCECVKQPCHVGTVJGEGTGOQP[6JGJQOGTQQOVGCEJGTTGVWTPUUEJQQN
TGRQTVUGZCOKPCVKQPUCTVYQTMUVQVJGUVWFGPVCVJKUJGTENCUUTQQO
 6JGTGKUPQUEJQQNNWPEJQPVJGFC[QHENQUKPIEQORNGVKQPEGTGOQP[5VWFGPVUIQ
JQOGDGHQTGPQQPKPOQUVUEJQQNU+POCP[UEJQQNUUVWFGPVUCTGVQNFVQDTKPIUOCNNGT
ECTTKGT DCIU KPUVGCF QH 4CPUGN UEJQQN DCEMRCEM  QP VJG FC[ QH
5JWWI[QWUJKMKCPF5JWWT[QWUJKMK

10ᧈ஖˞ୗ

ƪǐƏƖƖǎƏƔ

ᧈ஖˞ୗ



ЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵẼỢạẨẨỠạẦ

ᾀώᧈ஖˞ୗẾềễỆᾎƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

Ƴƭ



ƾǏ

Ƹǔ

ǘ

ƪǐƏƖƖǎƏƔ

ƕƬƖƤƍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƕƭƋƖ   ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƸŴٰȷϤȷବƴᧈ஖˞ୗƕƋǓǇƢŵᲬ‫ܖ‬஖СƷ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄưƸŴᲫᲪஉƷᅸƷ
ǕǜƖǎƏ

ƞƔƍ

ƥǜƖ

ƜƏƖ

ƪǐƏƖƖǎƏƔ

ƖƔǜ

ƕƬƜƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƶǜǈᡲ ˞ Ǜ ‫ ؾ‬ƴЭ஖ȷࢸ஖ǛЎƚƯƍǇƢŵ
ᲢRᲱž‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷᲫ࠰ſƷȚȸǸǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍᲣƜƱƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƔƘƴǜ   ᧈ஖˞ୗƷ஖᧓Ƹ‫ܖ‬ఄƴǑƬƯီƳǓǇƢƷưŴ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄƴᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵẴᾁώỄạᢅắẲẺỤẟẟỉᾎᴾƪǐƏƖƖǎƏƔƪǎƏ

ƔƧƘ

Ƣ

ƍƑ

ƯƭƩ

ƾƩǜ

ư

Ɩ

Ǒ

ƾ

ᧈ஖ ˞ ୗ ɶ ƸܼଈƱǏƬƘǓᢅƝƠƨǓŴܼƷ৖ˡƍǛƠƨǓŴ୍െƳƔƳƔЈஹƳƍǑ
ƚƍƚǜ

Ǒ

ƖƔƍ

ǍƢ

ƤƍƔƭ

ƋƞƶǅƏ

ƏƳኺ᬴ƕưƖǔᑣƍೞ˟ưƢŵ˞ǈƩƔǒƱƍƬƯƩǒƠƳƍဃ෇Ტஔ‫שݏ‬Ǎ‫୼ٸ‬ƔƠŴǅƏƍǜǅƏƠǐƘƖ ƦƘƨƩƤƍƔƭƜƜǖ୧᫩ ୧ ᫢ ŴǲȸȠƷǍǓƢƗᲣƴƳǒƳƍǑƏŴᙹЩദƠƍဃ෇Ǜ ࣎ ƕƚǇƠǐƏŵ


ầẾẮạ

ẟ

ọ

ᾂώ‫ܖ‬ఄỆᘍẪଐỆếẟềᴾ
ƳƭǍƢ

ƪǎƏ

Ƴǜƴƪ

ƱƏƜƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜǒƘƻƜƏƭƏ ơ

Ɯ

ƼǐƏƖ

ƻ

ǕǜǒƘ

ƍƪơƖƜƘ   ٰ˞ǈ ɶ ưǋ˴ଐƔႇఄƢǔଐƕƋǓǇƢŵʩᡫʙ૏Ǎ၏ൢƴƳƬƨǓŴɟ଺࠙‫׎‬ƠƨƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƍ

ƚƬƤƖ

ƤǜƤƍ

ǓƢǔƱƖƸ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᡲዂƠǇƠǐƏŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᘍƘଐƴᡲዂǛƤƣഎࠗƢǔƱŴέဃƕƠǜƺƍƱƯǋ࣎ᣐƠǇƢŵ
ƱƏƜƏ

ƻ

Ǖƍ

  =ႇఄƢǔଐƷ̊?
yyyƱƏƜƏ Ƽ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

ƯƍƠǎƭ

ƱƏƹǜ

ǈƣ

ƱƏƹǜ

ƿƔƭƲƏ

ǍƢ

ƋƍƩ

ƕƘƶǜƠǎƏƔƍ

ƱƏƜƏ Ƽ

ႇఄଐ   ܿ ᫆ Ʒ ੩ Ј Ǎ‫ ࠰ܖ‬ᨼ ˟ ŴȗȸȫႇఄଐƳƲƕƋǓǇƢŵƠ ƍ Ƙ ƱƏƹǜ

ƠǐƘƿƭ

ƲƏƿƭ

Ƥ

ǘ

ƱƏƜƏ

࢘ဪ    ൦ǍǓ࢘ဪǍ᫫Ꮛ࢘ဪƳƲŴ ౡ ཋ ǍѣཋƷɭᛅǛƢǔƨǊƷႇఄưƢŵ
Ɨơǎƭ

Ɠ

ǕǜƠǎƏ

ƻ

ᢿ෇ѣ   ˞ǈƷ ᧓ ƴ২ᘐƕᓳƪƳƍǑƏŴ ጀ ፼ ǛƢǔଐƕƋǓǇƢŵ


ẲỠẪẻẟ

Ể

ᾃώܿ᫆ỊЈỦỉᾎᴾ
ƳƭǍƢ

ƾǏǍƢ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

   ٰ˞ǈŴϤ˞ǈƸ ܿ ᫆ ƕƋǓǇƢŵ
ƠǎƘƩƍ

Ǖƍ

= ܿ ᫆ Ʒ̊?
y
y

ƳƭǍƢ

ƴƬƠ

ǋǜƩƍƠǎƏ

Ƒ ƴƬƖ

ƾǏǍƢ

ƴƬƠ

ǋǜƩƍƠǎƏƔƜƏƞƘơ Ǐ Ə ƚǜƖǎƏ

ƲƘƠǐƔǜƦƏƿǜ

ٰ˞ǈȷȷȷଐᛏᲢբ ᫆ ᨼ ᲣŴዋଐᚡŴ߻˺Ŵᐯဌ ᄂ ᆮ Ŵᛠ୿ज़े૨ƳƲƧϤ˞ǈȷȷȷଐᛏᲢբ ᫆ ᨼ ᲣŴ୿ƖИǊƳƲ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

ǘ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƔƘƴǜ

ǍƢ

Ɠ

ǍƢ

ǇƑ

Ƌǘ

   ܿ ᫆ ƴƭƍƯЎƔǒƳƍƜƱƕƋǕƹŴέဃƴᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵ˞ǈƷኳǘǓƴ८Ưƣ
ƚƍƔƘ

ƨ

ƸǍ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

ƴƢǉǑƏŴᚘဒǛᇌƯଔǊƴ ܿ ᫆ ǛƠǇƠǐƏŵƴ Ǆ ǜ Ɲ

ƷƏǓǐƘ

Ʃ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

ƱƖ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƦƏƩǜ

ଐஜᛖƷ Ꮱ щ ƕơǎƏƿǜưƳƘŴЈƞǕƨ ܿ ᫆ ƕưƖƳƍ଺ƸŴ˞ǈƷЭƴέဃƴႻᛩ
ƱƖ

ƪƔǒ

ư

Ɩ

ƳƍǑƏ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ʃ

Ʊ

Ƙ



ƠǇƠǐƏŵƦƷ଺Ʒ щ ưЈஹǔϋܾƷ ܿ ᫆ ǛέဃƴЈƠƯǋǒƍŴƕǜƹƬƯӕǓኵǈǇ
ƠǐƏŵ

11

ᧈ஖˞ୗ

.QPI8CECVKQP+H[QWJCXGCP[EQPEGTPQTCP[VJKPI[QWFQPQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTᾀώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶇᶑᴾᵿᴾᵪᶍᶌᶅᴾᵴᵿᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵝ   6JGTGCTGNQPIXCECVKQPUKPUWOOGTYKPVGTCPFURTKPIKPGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNU
6YQUGOGUVGTU[UVGOUEJQQNFKXKFGUGCEJCECFGOKE[GCTKPVQVJGHKTUVJCNHCPF
UGEQPFJCNH[GCTD[JCXKPIEQPUGEWVKXGRWDNKEJQNKFC[UKP1EVQDGT 2NGCUGTGHGTVQ
VJGRCIGQPß#UEJQQN[GCTKPVJGGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNà       6JGFWTCVKQPQHVJGNQPIXCECVKQPOC[XCT[CEEQTFKPIVQVJGUEJQQNU2NGCUG
EJGEMYKVJVJGUEJQQN[QWTEJKNFKUCVVGPFKPI






ᾁώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶂᶍᴾᶕᶃᴾᶂᶍᴾᶂᶓᶐᶇᶌᶅᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶊᶍᶌᶅᴾᶔᵿᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵝᴾ+VKUCIQQFQRRQTVWPKV[HQTUVWFGPVUVQURGPFVKOGYKVJHCOKN[JGNRKPIJQWUGYQTMFQVJKPIUYJKEJVJG[CTGPQVCDNGVQFQFWTKPIVJGUEJQQNUGOGUVGT&QPQV
NGCFCNC\[NKHG UWEJCUYCMGWRNCVGIQVQDGFNCVGQXGTGCVCPFQXGTFTKPMRNC[ICOGVQQOWEJ 2NGCUGMGGRKPOKPFVQNKXGCYGNNTGIWNCVGFNKHGFWTKPIVJGNQPIXCECVKQPᾂώᵱᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᵢᵿᶗᴾ   6JGTGCTGUGXGTCNFC[UYJGPVJGUVWFGPVUPGGFVQIQVQUEJQQN2NGCUGKPHQTO
VJGUEJQQNKHVJGEJKNFGPEQWPVGTUCVTCHHKECEEKFGPVHCNNUKNNQTIQGUDCEMVQ[QWTJQOGEQWPVT[VGORQTCTKN[FWTKPIVJGXCECVKQP6GCEJGTYKNNDGYQTTKGFKH[QWFQPQVEQOGVQUEJQQNQPCUEJQQNFC[YKVJQWVRTKQTPQVKEG
 ='ZCORNGQHUEJQQNFC[? ȷ5EJQQNFC[  *QOGYQTMUWDOKUUKQPITCFGCUUGODN[UYKOOKPIFC[ȷ&WV[TQUVGT    +VKUCFC[QPYJKEJVJGEJKNFVCMGUECTGQHRNCPVUCPFCPKOCNUKPVJG
UEJQQN D[ RGTHQTOKPI FWVKGU UWEJ CU YCVGTKPI RNCPVU CPF HGGFKPICPKOCNU
ȷ%NWDCEVKXKV[   +VKUCFC[QPYJKEJVJGUVWFGPVUFQRTCEVKEGUUQVJCVVJG[OC[MGGRVJGKTUMKNNUQTVGEJPKEUᾃώᵧᶑᴾᶒᶆᶃᶐᶃᴾᶆᶍᶋᶃᶕᶍᶐᶉᴾᶂᶓᶐᶇᶌᶅᴾᶊᶍᶌᶅᴾᶔᵿᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᵝᴾ   6JGTGCTGJQOGYQTMFWTKPIDQVJUWOOGTCPFYKPVGTXCECVKQPU ='ZCORNGQHJQOGYQTM?
ȷ5WOOGTXCECVKQPȷȷȷ0KUUJK YQTMDQQM RKEVWTGFKCT[CTVYQTMKPFGRGPFGPVTGUGCTEJ 
DQQMTGRQTVȷ9KPVGTXCECVKQPȷȷȷ0KUUJK YQTMDQQM ECNNKITCRJ[  +H [QW JCXG CP[ SWGUVKQPU QT EQPEGTPU RNGCUG EJGEM YKVJ [QWT VGCEJGT +V KU
CFXKUCDNGVQOCMGCRNCPCPFVT[VQHKPKUJVJGJQOGYQTMCJGCFQHVKOGUQVJCV[QWFQPQVJCXGVQDGHNWUVGTGFCVVJGGPFQHXCECVKQP +H [QW ECPPQV FQ VJG JQOGYQTM FWG VQ VJG ,CRCPGUG NCPIWCIG CDKNKV[ RNGCUG
EQPUWNV VJG VGCEJGT DGHQTG VJG XCECVKQP UVCTVU #UM VJG VGCEJGT VQ RTQXKFGJQOGYQTMYJKEJKUUWKVCDNGVQ[QWTCDKNKV[CPFVT[[QWTDGUVVQEQORNGVGKV  12‫ܖ‬፼ƴƭƍƯƕƘƠǎƏ‫ ܖ‬፼ ƴƭƍƯЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵỔỮẨỢạᾀώỄỮễѠࢍ ẴỦỉᾎƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǂǜƖǐƏ

ơǎƗǐƏ

ƨǜƴǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƓƠ

   ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƸƍǖƍǖƳ Ѡ ࢍ ǛƠǇƢŵǄƱǜƲƷ ੉ ಅ Ǜਃ˓Ʒέဃƕ૙ƑƯƘǕǇƢŵ
ƴǄǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƑƍƝƍƕƍơǎƗǐƏƢǂƴ Ǆ ǜ ƝƓƜƳƴ Ǆ ǜ ƝǘǂǜƖǐƏଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƸᒍᛖˌ‫ٳ‬Ʒ ੉ ಅ ƸμƯଐஜᛖư ᘍ ƍǇƢŵଐஜᛖƕЎƔǒƳƍƱ Ѡ ࢍǘƴ Ǆ ǜ ƝǘƜƴ Ǆ ǜ ƝǂǜƖǐƏƕЎƔǒƳƘƳƬƯƠǇƏƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵଐஜᛖƕЎƔǒƳƍ‫܇‬ƲǋƸŴଐஜᛖǛ Ѡ ࢍ Ơ
ƢƜ

ơǎƗǐƏ

ƞǜƔ

ƲǓǐƘ

Ƴƕǒ‫ݲ‬Ơưǋ ੉ ಅ ƴӋьưƖǔǑƏƴѐщƠƳƚǕƹƍƚǇƤǜŵƖǐƏƔƕƘƠǎƏƴ Ǆ ǜ Ɲ

ơǎƏƿǜ

ƸƳ

Ǉ

ƖǐƏƔƕƘƠǎƏ૙ᅹ ‫ ܖ‬፼ Ǜଐஜᛖƕ җ Ў ƴᛅƤǔǑƏƴƳǔǇưࢳƬƯƠǇƏƱŴƲǜƲǜ૙ᅹ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ƕ

ƓƘ

ǂǜƖǐƏ

Ɠ

ƭ

ǂǜƖǐƏ

Ƹơ

ƠǜƕƘ

ƑƍƖǐƏ

᡿ǕƯƠǇƏƜƱƴƳǓǇƢŵ Ѡ ࢍ ƕᡙƍ˄ƔƣŴƷƪƷƪƷᡶ‫ܖ‬ƴ ࢨ ᪪ ƢǔƜƱƕƋǓ
ƸǍƖǐƏƔƕƘƠǎƏ

ƕƘƠǎƏƳƍǑƏ

ǓƔƍ

ƨƍƤƭ

ǇƢŵưƖǔƩƚଔƘ૙ᅹ ‫ ܖ‬፼ Ʒ Ѡ ࢍ Ǜ‫ڼ‬ǊƯŴ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ϋܾǛྸᚐƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٻ‬ЏưƢŵƖǐƏƔƠǐ

ǉǓǐƏƋƨǒƖǐƏƔƠǐƢ   ૙ᅹ୿Ƹ໯૰ưǋǒƑǇƢŵƳƘƠƯƠǇƬƯǋ ૼ Ơƍ૙ᅹ୿ƸǋǒƑǇƤǜŵਾƯƨ
ƨƍƤƭ

ƭƔ

ƿǜǅƏƙ

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Ɣ

ǓŴƳƘƠƨǓƠƳƍǑƏƴ‫ٻ‬Џƴ̅ƍǇƢŵȎȸȈǍ૨৐φƳƲƸᐯЎưᝰƍǇƢŵȎȸ
ƭƔ

Ɠ

ƱƖ

Ɣ

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Ɩ

ƸǍ

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ȈǛ̅ƍኳǘƬƨ଺ƴᝰƍࣔǕƷƳƍǑƏƴൢǛƭƚǇƠǐƏŵଔǊƴแͳƠƯƓƘƱƍƍ
Ɯ

ƭƔ

ƻ

Ɩ

Ƙƹ

ưƠǐƏŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ̅ƬƯƍǔǋƷƴŴଐƝǖƔǒൢǛᣐǓǇƠǐƏŵ
 


ƖǐƏƔ

ƕƘƠǎƏ

Ძ ૙ᅹƷ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƶǜƤƍŨ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ᲫȷᲬ࠰ဃ
ƜƘƝ

ƞǜƢƏ

ƤƍƔƭ

ƓǜƕƘ

ƣ

ƕ ƜƏƞƘ

ƣƜƏ

Ǔ

Ɣ

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Ǔ

Ɣ

ƕ ƍ Ɯ Ƙ Ɲ ƔƭƲƏƨƍƍƘ‫׎‬ᛖȷምૠȷဃ෇ȷ᪦ಏȷ‫׋‬ဒ߻˺Ტ‫߻׋‬Უȷ˳Ꮛ
ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƶǜƤƍ  Ũ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ᲭȷᲮ࠰ဃ
ƜƘƝ

ƞǜƢƏ

ƠǌƔƍ

ƣ

ƕ ƜƏƞƘƣƜƏƨƍƍƘ   ‫׎‬ᛖȷምૠȷᅈ˟ȷྸᅹȷ᪦ಏȷ‫׋‬ဒ߻˺Ტ‫߻׋‬Უȷ˳Ꮛ
ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƶǜƤƍ  Ũ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ᲯȷᲰ࠰ဃ
ƜƘƝ

ƞǜƢƏ

ƠǌƔƍ

ƭƔ

Ɩ

ƑƍƝ

ƓǜƕƘ

ƣ

ƕ ƜƏƞƘƣƜƏƨƍƍƘƔ Ư ƍ ƔƔǜƕƪƔǒ   ‫׎‬ᛖȷምૠȷᅈ˟ȷྸᅹȷ‫׎ٳ‬ᛖ෇ѣᲢᒍᛖᲣȷ᪦ಏȷ‫׋‬ဒ߻˺Ტ‫߻׋‬Უȷ˳ᏋȷܼࡊᅹƜƘƝ  ‫׎‬ᛖƴ Ǆ ǜ Ɲ

ƸƳ

Ǒ

Ɣ

ƔƭƲƏ

Ɣ

ǕǜƠǎƏ

ƱƓ

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ଐஜᛖǛ̅ƬƯᎥƘŴᛅƢŴᛠǉŴ୿ƘƳƲƷ෇ѣǛᡫƠƯ ᘙ ྵ Ƣǔ щ Ŵᎋ Ƒǔ щ ŴेƧƏƪƔǒ  ΂Ƣǔ щ ǛƭƚǇƢŵ
ǋ

ơ

ƜƱƹ

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ƏƭƘ

ƠǐƠǌ

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૨‫܌‬ǍᚕᓶǛɠ‫ݗ‬ƴ ፦ ƠƘ୿Ƙ ጀ ፼ ǛƢǔ୿ϙƱƍƏ଺᧓ǋƋǓǇƢŵ୿ϙဇƷƔƖƔƑǜƽƭƠǎƏơ Ʋ Ə ƙ

Ɣ

ơǎǜƼ

ƱƖ

ƔƳǒ

ƔƘƴǜ

ƻƭǑƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ǕǜǒƘ

ǘ

ƨᤲᇿǍ፼‫܌‬ᢊφǛᝰƬƯแͳƠǇƢŵ࣏ᙲƳƱƖƴƸέဃƔǒᡲዂƕƋǓǇƢŵЎƔǒƳ
ƤǜƤƍ

ơǎǜƼ

ƍ଺ƴƸ ࣏ ƣέဃƴᄩᛐƠƯŴแͳƢǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵ
Ƒǜƽƭ

Ơǜ

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ȷƔƖƔƨᤲᇿäᑵƷǍǘǒƔƍžᲬ᲼ſǍžᲮ᲼ſƷƑǜƽƭǛ̅ƏƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵƠǎƏơ Ʋ Ə ƙƠǎƏơ Ʋ Ə ƙƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƪǎƏǋǜ

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ȷ፼‫܌‬ᢊφä፼‫܌‬ᢊφƷǻȃȈǛ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ư ද ૨ ƢǔƜƱǋưƖǇƢŵ‫ م‬൬ Ǎ‫م‬ƸǻȃȈƷ
ƳƔ

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Ɣ

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ɶƷཋǛ̅ƍЏƬƨǒŴᐯЎưᝰƍǇƢŵૼᎥኡǍƧƏƖǜǛܼࡊưแͳƢǔ
ƠǎƏơ

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ǑƝƾƘƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵ፼‫܌‬ƷƋǔଐƸ‫م‬ƕ˄ƘӧᏡࣱƕƋǓǇƢŵ൲ǕƯǋƍƍ஌Ŵ
Ƙǖ

ƾƘ

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ǑƏƾƘ

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᱅ƍ஌ǛბƯƖǇƠǐƏŵබ஌ƴƭƍƨǒƳƔƳƔӕǕǇƤǜŵ13‫ܖ‬፼ƴƭƍƯ

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+H[QWJCXGCP[EQPEGTPQTCP[VJKPI[QWFQPQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTᴾᾀώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶂᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᶗᴾᶑᶒᶓᶂᶗᴾᶇᶌᴾᶃᶊᶃᶋᶃᶌᶒᵿᶐᶗᴾᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᵝ   5VWFGPVUUVWF[XCTKQWUMKPFUQHUWDLGEVUKPGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQN/QUVUWDLGEVUCTGVCWIJVD[VJGJQOGTQQOVGCEJGT'ZEGRVHQT'PINKUJCNNENCUUGUCTGVCWIJVKP
,CRCPGUGKPGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQN+HCUVWFGPVFQGUPQVWPFGTUVCPFVJG,CRCPGUGNCPIWCIGJGUJGOC[PQVDGCDNGVQHQNNQYVJGUVWF[KPENCUU#UVWFGPVYKVJPQQTNKVVNG,CRCPGUGYKNNUVKNNPGGFVQCVVGPFENCUUGUCPFCVVJGUCOGVKOGRWVKPGHHQTV
VQNGCTP,CRCPGUG +HVJGUVWFGPVYCKVUWPVKNJGUJGJCUNGCTPGFGPQWIJ,CRCPGUGDGHQTGJGUJGLQKPUVJGENCUUGUJGUJGYKNNHCNNDGJKPF#UCTGUWNVJGUJGYKNNJCXGCJCTFVKOGVQECVEJWRCPFKVOC[CHHGEVJKUJGTCECFGOKEECTGGT +VKUKORQTVCPVVQUVCTVUEJQQN
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TGOGODGTVQRTGRCTGCTGHKNNQTPGYPQVGDQQMUDGHQTGHKPKUJKPIVJGQNFQPG+VKU
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IGVUQPVJGENQVJKPIKVUVCKPUCPFFQGUPQVEQOGQWVGCUKN[ 14‫ܖ‬፼ƴƭƍƯ











ǅƘơǎƏ
Ƒǜƽƭ

ƠǎƏơ Ʋ Ə ƙƔƖƔƨᤲᇿ

ƸǜƠ፼‫܌‬ᢊφǻȃȈƠǎƏơǑƏ‫ م‬൬

ƔǈҞኡᲢ፼‫܌‬ဇƷኡᲣƠǎƏơǑƏ

Ტ፼‫܌‬ဇƷǤȳǯᲣ



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ૠŴᚘምŴ᣽ Ŵย‫ܭ‬Ŵ‫࢟׋‬Ŵૠ ᣽ ƴƭƍƯ Ѡ ࢍ ƠǇƢŵ‫׎‬ƴǑƬƯᇿምǍЎૠƳƲƷᚘም
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Ʒˁ૾ƕᢌƏƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵƦƷƨǊŴ൐‫׎‬ưƸưƖƯƍƨᚘምƕଐஜƷǍǓ૾ƕᢌƏƨ
Ɯ

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ǊƴưƖƳƘƳƬƯƠǇƏ‫܇‬ƲǋǋƍǇƢŵέဃƱႻᛩƠƳƕǒ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕᐯ̮ǛƳƘƠƯƠƕƘƶǜƿ ǜ Ʋ Ɩ

ơǐƏƗ

ǘ

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ǇǘƳƍǑƏƴǵȝȸȈƠǇƠǐƏŵ‫࠰ܖ‬ƴǑƬƯŴǳȳȑǹǍЎࡇ֥ŴEO‫ᙹܭ‬Ŵɤᚌ‫ᙹܭ‬Ŵ
ơǎǜƼ

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ƔƳǒ

ƦǖƹǜǛแͳƠǇƢŵ࣏ᙲƳƱƖƴƸέဃƔǒᡲዂƕƋǓǇƢŵЎƔǒƳƍ଺ƴƸ ࣏ ƣ
ƤǜƤƍ

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έဃƴᄩᛐƠƯŴแͳƢǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵƿ ǜ Ʋ Ɩ

ǳȳȑǹ

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ƞǜƔƘơǐƏƗ

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Ʀǖƹǜ

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ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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ƔƭƲƏ

ƨƍƚǜ

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ƏƑ

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ƠǎƏƔǜ

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   ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ძ࠰ဃƱᲬ࠰ဃư Ѡ ࢍ ƠǇƢŵ෇ѣǍ˳᬴ǛᡫƠƯŴᅈ˟Ǎᐯ໱ƱƷƔƔǘǓŴ
ơƿǜơƠǜ

Ɣǜƕ

ƤƍƔƭ

ƗƷƏ

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ᐯЎᐯ៲ƷƜƱƴƭƍƯ ᎋ ƑǇƢŵဃ෇ƠƯƍƘɥư࣏ᙲƳ ፼ ॹ Ǎ২ᏡǛ៲ƴ˄ƚƯƍƖ




ǇƢŵ

ƠǌƔƍ

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ƶǜƤƍƍơǐƏ

ǂǜƖǐƏƕƬƜƏƠǎƏǁǜ

ǈơƔ

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ƪ

Ǔ

ǕƖƠ

   ࠰ဃˌɥư Ѡ ࢍ ƠǇƢŵ‫ܖ‬ఄ ԗ ᡀ Ʒ៲ᡈƳ‫؏ע‬Ʒಮ‫܇‬ǛᛦǂƨǓŴଐஜƷ‫ྸע‬ǍഭӪƳ
ǂǜƖǐƏ

ƜƏƕƍ

ƚǜƕƘ

ƍ

ǂǜƖǐƏ

ƲƴƭƍƯ Ѡ ࢍ ƠƨǓƠǇƢŵఄ‫ٳ‬ƴᙸ‫ܖ‬ƴᘍƬƯ Ѡ ࢍ ƢǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵǓƔ  ྸᅹ
ƶǜƤƍƍơǐƏ

ǂǜƖǐƏ

ƠǐƘƿƭ

ƲƏƿƭ

ƨƍǑƏ

ƭƖ

ǄƠ

Ơƥǜ

Ɣǜƞƭ

ƘƏƖ

ǈƣ

ƜƏƯƍ

ƜƏƕƍ

   ࠰ဃˌɥư Ѡ ࢍ ƠǇƢŵౡ ཋ ǍѣཋŴ‫ٽ‬ᨗǍஉǍ଩ƳƲᐯ໱Ǜᚇ‫ݑ‬ƠƨǓŴᆰൢǍ൦Ŵ
ưǜƖ

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Ǔ Ɣ Ơ ƭᩓൢƳƲᅹ‫ܖ‬ႎƳ᬴ܱǛƠƨǓƠƯ Ѡ ࢍ ƠǇƢŵ૙ ܴ ƩƚưƸƳƘŴྸᅹܴǍఄࡊŴఄ‫ٳ‬
ơƬƚǜ

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ư᬴ܱǍᚇ‫ݑ‬ǛƢǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵƓǜƕƘ  ᪦ಏ
Əƨ

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   ജǛജƬƨǓŴಏ֥Ǜ๫‫ڌ‬ƠƨǓŴƍǖƍǖƳ ୺ Ǜ ᦷ ច ƠƨǓƠǇƢŵ‫࠰ܖ‬ƴǑƬƯŴ
ƑƍƤƍơǐƏ ƨ ƴ ǜ

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ᘓ ဃ ɥ ˂ʴƱƷ̅ƍ‫ׅ‬ƠƷưƖƳƍᦆႴȏȸȢȋǫǍǽȗȩȎȪǳȸȀȸǛᝰƏƜƱǋƋ
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ǓǇƢŵ࣏ᙲƳƱƖƴƸέဃƔǒᡲዂƕƋǓǇƢŵЎƔǒƳƍ଺ƴƸ ࣏ ƣέဃƴᄩᛐƠǇƖǐƏƠƭƓǜƕƘƠƭ

ǂǜƖǐƏƠǐƏŵ ૙ ܴ ƩƚưƸƳƘŴ᪦ಏܴư Ѡ ࢍ ƢǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵ15‫ܖ‬፼ƴƭƍƯ

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23

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ǇƍơǎǜƼ

ƖǎƏƠǐƘǘƢƱƖŬ ዅ ᫢ ǻȃȈƸࣔǕƨ଺ƷƨǊƴŴȩȳȉǻȫƷȝǱ

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32

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ȏȳǫȁƸ൑ଐඹƍǇƠǐƏŵƭƮ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒ ࠰᧓̅ƍዓƚ
ǇƢŵ
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Əǘƙƭ ƍ

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ķɥ᪇ȷɥ᪇λǕƋƔƠǖ ǅ Ə Ơĸ˳Ꮛ᫾ǷȥȸǺƨƍƍƘƔǜ

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˳ᏋƷ଺ƩƚưƸƳƘŴႇ ႇɦఄƴ̅ƏͲƸ৵ǓƨƨƏƝɦఄư ბ ဇ ƠǇƢŵѣƖǍ ǈ ưƳƍǋƷƴƠǇƠǐ
Ƶ

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ƢƘŴƢƙƴᏮƛƳƍǋƷ ƏŵʖͳƱƠƯ৵Ǔƨƨǈ
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ǛᢠƼǇƠǐƏŵƨƩƠŴ Ͳ Ǜ ఄϋ ƴ ̬ሥ Ơ Ư ƍ ǔ
Ɯ

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ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ‫ ܇‬ƲǋƕᐯЎ ư ბ Ꮾ ưƖ ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ǋƋǓǇƢŵǔǋƷƴƠǇƠǐƏŵƕƬƜƏ Ơ Ư ƍ

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33

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34

ႇɦఄ

ƱƏ ƛ ƜƏ

ႇɦఄЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵᴾᴾ
ểạ ậ Ắ ạᾀώႇɦఄỆếẟềᴾ
Ƣ

ƭƏƕƘ

ǈƪ

Ɩ

ƜƏƭƏ ơ

ƭƏƕƘ ǖ ƍ ƕ ƍ

ǈƪ

ƱƓ

Ɯ

ƾƤ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ  ˰ǜưƍǔƱƜǖƴǑƬƯŴᡫ‫ܖ‬ƢǔᢊƕൿǇƬƯƍǇƢŵʩᡫʙ૏Ǜ᧸ƙƨǊƴŴ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄƸ
Ƌǜƥǜ

ǈƪ

Ɩ

‫ܤ‬μƳᢊǛൿǊƯƍǇƢŵᡫ‫ܖ‬ែˌ‫ٳ‬ƷᢊƸᡫǒƳƍǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵ
ƪƍƖ

Ɣƨƕƨ

ƭƏƕƘ ǖƨƜƋǜƥǜƱƏ ƛ Ɯ Ə‫؏ע‬ƷȜȩȳȆǣǢƷ૾ŷƕᡫ‫ܖ‬ែƴᇌƪŴ‫܇‬Ʋǋƨƪƕ‫ܤ‬μƴႇɦఄ
ǈǇǋ

ưƖǔǑƏƴᙸ‫ܣ‬ƬƯƘǕǇƢŵ

ểạẮạ

ᾁώႇఄᴾ
Ƌƞ

ƭƏƕƘƸǜ

ƱƏƜƏ

ƍƑ

ƪƔ

Ɯ

Ƌƭ

Ɩ

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  ஔƸŴᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ưႇఄƠǇƢŵܼƷᡈƍ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƕᨼǇǓŴǰȫȸȗưൿǇƬƨ଺᧓ǇưƴƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƍ

Ƌƭ

ƹƠǐ

ơƔǜ

Ƹǜ

Ɩ

ƔƳǒ

Ǉǋ

‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄƴᘍƖǇƢŵᨼǇǔ‫ئ‬৑Ʊ଺᧓ƕྰƝƱƴൿǇƬƯƍǇƢŵ ࣏ ƣ‫ܣ‬ǓǇƠǐƏŵƓƘƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǍƢ

ƸǜƪǐƏ

ǕǜǒƘ

ƠǎƏƝƏ ƹ Ơ ǐ

ƍ

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Ʊǋ

᡿ǕǔƱƖǍ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄǛ˞ǉƱƖƸŴྰ ᧈ ƴᡲዂƠǇƢŵᨼ ӳ ‫ئ‬৑ƴᘍƬƯŴྰ ᧈ ƔӐƩƪ

ǍƢ

ƭƨ

ǍƢ

ƭƨ

ƭƏƕƘƸǜ

ƥǜƍǜ

Ǉƴ˞ǉƜƱǛˡƑǇƠǐƏŵ˞ǉƜƱǛˡƑƳƍƱŴᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ƸμՃƕƦǖƏǇưࢳƭƜƱƴƳǓŴ
ƕƬƜƏ

ƍ

ƓƦ

ǕǜǒƘ

Ơǜƺƍ

ƜƏƕƘƶǜ ơ Ʋ Ə‫ܖ‬ఄǁᘍƘƷƕ᡿ƘƳƬƯƠǇƍǇƢŵǇƨŴᡲዂƕƳƍƱǈǜƳ࣎ᣐƠǇƢŵ᭗‫࠰ܖ‬δᇜᲢᲯ
ƶǜƤƍ

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᳸Ჰ࠰ဃᲣƕ ྰ ᧈ ưƢŵӸЭǛᄩᛐƠƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƠǎƏƝƏ ƹ Ơ ǐƍƚƬƤƖ Ǔ Ǐ ƏƔǕǜǒƘƪǐƏ

ƓƳƕƘƶǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƚƬƤƖ

ǕǜǒƘ

ƔƳǒ

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ƱǋǘƨƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ ̬ᜱᎍƸ ᨼ ӳ ‫ئ‬৑ƴᘍƖŴഎࠗྸဌǛ୿ƍƨᡲ ዂ ࠚ Ǜӷơ‫࠰ܖ‬ƷӐƩƪƴบƠƯŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴƚƬƤƖǕǜǒƘ

ƪƕഎࠗᡲዂǛƢǔƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴǑƬƯഎࠗƷᡲዂƷƠƔƨƕᢌƏƜƱƕƋǔƷưŴ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƔƘƴǜ

ƚƬƤƖ

ƪƜƘ

ǕǜǒƘ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵഎࠗƱ᡿ЦƷᡲዂƸŴ ࣏ ƣᡫ‫ྰܖ‬Ʊ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴƢǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐ
ƏŵƭƏƕƘƩǜǊƍ
ƸǜǊƍᡫ‫ׇܖ‬ӸȷྰӸᲢ            Უ

ƸǜƪǐƏ
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ྰ ᧈ ƷӸЭᲢ            Უ





Ƌƭ

ƹƠǐ

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ậ Ắ ạ

ᾂώɦఄᴾ
ƕƘƶǜ

ơǎƗǐƏ

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  ‫࠰ܖ‬ƴǑƬƯ ੉ ಅ ƕኳǘǔ଺᧓ƕƪƕƏƷưŴ࠙ǓƸ‫࠰ܖ‬ƝƱƴɦఄƠǇƢŵܼƕᡈƍ‫܇‬Ʋ
ƾƘƢƏ

ƛƜƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƘǋƨƪǛǰȫȸȗƴƠƯƍƯŴưƖǔƩƚᙐૠưɦఄƢǔǑƏƴ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄưǋጮǓᡉƠਦ‫ݰ‬ǛƠƯƍǇƢŵ
ƕƬƜƏ

ƠǎƏ

Ɣƍ

ƥǜƜƏ ơ Ʋ ƏǄ Ə Ɣ Ɲ ƜƖǐƏƠƭƭƏƕƘƸǜ

ƍƬƤƍ

ƛƜƏ

ƻ

ƍƬƤƍ ƛ Ɯ Ə  ‫ܖ‬ఄƴǑƬƯƸŴ ᡵ ƴ ‫ׅ‬Ŵμఄδᇜƕᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ưɟ૪ƴɦఄƢǔଐƕƋǓǇƢŵɟ૪ɦఄƱƍƍǇƢŵǄ Ə Ɣ ƝƕƘƲƏ Ǆ ƍ ƘƍƜƕƘƲƏ Ǆ ƍ ƘǄ Ə Ɣ Ɲ Ɯ

ƖǐƏƠƭ

ƍ

ǕǜǒƘƪǐƏ

ơƥǜ્ᛢࢸƴ‫ܖ‬ᇜ̬ᏋǍ્ᛢࢸ‫܇‬Ʋǋ ૙ ܴ ƴᘍƘ‫܇‬ƲǋǋƍǇƢŵ‫ܖ‬ᇜ̬ᏋǍ્ᛢࢸ‫܇‬Ʋǋ ૙ ܴ
ƍ

ƹƋƍ

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ƻƭǑƏ

ǑƏơ

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ƴᘍƔƤƨƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸŴဎᡂǈƕ࣏ᙲưƢŵဇʙƕƋƬƯŴƓᡇƑƴᘍƘƱƖƸᡲ ዂ ࠚ ƳƲưʙЭƠƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜǒƘǈƴჷǒƤƯƘƩƞƍŵᲢRᲭᲳž‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ǁƷᡲዂſƷȚȸǸǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍᲣ


35

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36

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ᾃώଐஜỉʩᡫἽὊἽᴾ
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ƸƘƤǜ

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Ɣ

ƹƋƍ

ưǜǘ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏǕǜǒƘᡲ ዂ ࠚ ƕƳƍ‫ئ‬ӳŴ̬ᜱᎍƕଐஜᛖǛ୿ƘƜƱƕưƖƳƍ‫ئ‬ӳŴᩓᛅư‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᡲዂǛƠ
ǈơƔ

ƜƱƹ

ƩƍơǐƏƿ

ưǜǘ

ƸƳ

Ɣƨ

ƠǐƏƔƍ

ǇƢŵ ჺ ƍᚕᓶư‫ٻ‬ɣ‫پ‬ưƢŵƍƘƭƔᩓᛅưƷᛅƠ૾Ǜ ኰ ʼƠǇƢŵƚƬƤƖǕǜǒƘ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜǒƘƠǎƏƝƏ ơ Ɣ ǜƭƏƕƘƸǜ

ƭƨƭƏƕƘƸǜ źഎࠗᡲዂŻ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᡲዂƢǔƩƚưƳƘŴᨼ ӳ ଺᧓Ǉưƴᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ƴǋˡƑǇƠǐƏŵᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ƥǜƍǜƦǖ

ƠǎƬƺƭƸμՃ੤ƏǇư Ј ႆ ưƖǇƤǜŵ
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GHVX
GHVX
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N \ R X ZD
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IXNXWVXXȷƔƥ   ȷƶƭ   ȷƚƕ   ȷƍƑ Ʒ ǑƏơ   ȷƾƘƭƏ






ƪ Ɯ Ƙ ǕǜǒƘƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜǒƘƠǎƏƝƏ ơ Ɣ ǜƭƏƕƘƸǜ

ƭƨƭƏƕƘƸǜ

ź᡿ЦᡲዂŻ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᡲዂƢǔƩƚưƳƘŴᨼ ӳ ଺᧓Ǉưƴᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ƴǋˡƑǇƠǐƏŵᡫ‫ྰܖ‬ƥǜƍǜƦǖ

ƠǎƬƺƭƸμՃ੤ƏǇư Ј ႆ ưƖǇƤǜŵ

PRVKLPRVKL

ᨪᨡᨪ

NXPL

GHVX

ᴾ            žǋƠǋƠ ŵŨƶ ǜ ŨƘǈŴŨŨŨ ŨŨŨưƢŵ               ᲢƜƲǋƷǯȩǹᲣᲢƜƲǋƷƳǇƑᲣᴾ
N \ R X ZD R N X U H PDVXM L
IXQ Q L L N L  P D V X
ƖǐƏ
Ƹ
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ŵ
ŨŨ଺
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 ƴ ƍƖǇƢŵſᴾ                          ᲢơƔǜᲣ
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ƼǐƏƍǜ

ƍ

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ǕǜǒƘ

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ƕƬƜƏ

ǉƔ

ƍ

‫ܖ‬ఄǁᡇƑƴᘍƖǇƢŵ
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V R X W D L VKLPDVX
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žǋƠǋƠ
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PXNDHQ LLNLPDVX        ŨŨ଺ŨŨЎ ƴ ŨŨŨŨƕ        ǉƔƑƴ ƍƖǇƢŵſ         ᲢơƔǜᲣ  ᲢǉƔƑƴ ƍƘƻƱƷ ƳǇƑᲣ
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43

‫ܖݱ‬ఄǁƷᡲዂᾂώᴾ ᵡᶍᶌᶒᵿᶁᶒᶇᶌᶅᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶑᶁᶆᶍᶍᶊᴾᶀᶗᴾᶎᶆᶍᶌᶃᴾ+H[QWFQPQVJCXG4GPTCMWEJQ CEQOOWPKECVKQPPQVGDQQM QTYJGPVJG
IWCTFKCPUECPPQVYTKVG,CRCPGUGRNGCUGEQPVCEVVJGUEJQQND[RJQPG5KORNG
YQTFUCTGQMC[.GVWUKPVTQFWEGUGXGTCNYC[UJQYVQVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTUQPVJG
RJQPG
 0QVKEGQHCDUGPEG 2NGCUGOCMGUWTGVQEQPVCEVPQVQPN[VJGUEJQQNDWVCNUQVJG
EQOOWVKPIITQWRDGHQTGVJGCUUGODN[VKOG6JGEQOOWVKPIITQWRJCUVQYCKVWPVKNNGXGT[QPGKUCUUGODNGFPRVKL  PRVKLᨪᨡᨪ N X P L
GHVX
GHVX

    žǋ Ơ ǋ Ơ ŵŨƶ ǜ ŨƘǈŴŨŨŨ ŨŨŨưƢŵ     ưƢŵ       *GNNQ  6JKUKU EJKNFÞ
UENCUUᲣQHᲢEJKNFÞUPCOGᲣᴾᴾ
N \ R X ZD
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ᴾ

ND]H

QHWVX

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2NGCUGOCMGUWTGVQEQPVCEVPQVQPN[VJGUEJQQNDWVCNUQVJGEQOOWVKPIITQWRDGHQTGVJGCUUGODN[VKOG6JGEQOOWVKPIITQWRJCUVQYCKVWPVKNGXGT[QPGKUCUUGODNGFPRVKLPRVKLᨪᨡᨪ N X P L
GHVXᴾ            žǋƠǋƠ ŵŨƶ ǜ ŨƘǈŴŨŨŨ ŨŨŨưƢŵᴾ           *GNNQ+COᲢ%JKNFÞUENCUUᲣQHᲢ%JKNFÞUPCOGᲣᴾᴾ

N \ R X ZD

R N X U H PDVXM L

IXQ Q L L N L  P D V XƖǐƏƸŴƓƘǕ ǇƢŵ ŨŨ଺ŨŨЎ ƴ ƍƖǇƢŵſ                          ᲢVKOGOKPWVGUᲣ

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GHVX
N \ R X ZD
V R X W D L VKLPDVXžǋƠǋƠ ŵŨƶ ǜ ŨƘǈŴŨŨŨ ŨŨŨưƢŵƖǐƏƸ ƦƏƨƍ ƠǇƢŵ *GNNQ6JKUKUᲢ%JKNFÞ
UENCUUᲣQHᲢ%JKNFÞ
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44‫ܖݱ‬ఄǁƷᡲዂ

ƼǐƏƖ

ǕǜǒƘ

ź၏ൢȷƚƕƷᡲዂŻ
Ƌƞ

Ɯ





ƻǐƏơǐƏ

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ǈ



ƪƕ 

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƭƨஔŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ᘙ ऴ Ǎ ˳ ᛦ ǛᙸƯŴƍƭǋƱᢌƏƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴˡƑƯƓƖ
ƕƬƜƏ

Ɩƿǜ

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Ɯ

ƘƢǓ

Ƌƨ

ƥƬƨƍ

ǇƠǐƏŵ‫ܖ‬ఄưƸൢЎƷफƘƳƬƨ‫܇‬Ʋǋƴ ᕤ ǛɨƑǔƜƱƸዌ‫ݣ‬ƴƋǓǇƤǜŵ
ƨƍƓǜ

ƢƜ

ƨƔ

ƛ

Ǔ

ȷƍƭǋǑǓ˳ภƕ‫ݲ‬Ơ᭗ƍ              ȷɦၚᲢǍǘǒƔƍƏǜƪᲣ




Ʊ

ƨ





Ƹ

ư

ȷƓƏӻᲢ᫢ǂƨǋƷǛӻƍƨᲣ     ȷƤƖƕЈƯƍǔ

PRVKLPRVKL

ᨪᨡᨪ

NXPL

GHVX

N R G R PRQR JHQNL J D D U L P D V H Q       žǋƠǋƠ ŵŨƶ ǜ ŨƘǈŴŨŨŨ ŨŨŨưƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ Ψൢƕ ƋǓǇƤǜŵſᴾ            ᲢƜƲǋƷǯȩǹᲣᲢƜƲǋƷƳǇƑᲣ
ᴾ
ƪǐƏƠ
Ǒ
ƱƖ
ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ
ǍƢƕᑣƘƳƍ଺ƸŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ǜ˞ǇƤǇƠǐƏŵᴾ ᴾèᛦ‫܇‬ỔỮụọỢạ

ᾃώ̝Мᘙᴾᴾƴ Ǆ ǜ Ɲ

Ɣ

ƨƍǁǜ

ƱƖ

Ơƨ

ƻǐƏ

ƻƭǑƏ

ƖƴǎƏ

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ƸଐஜᛖǛ୿ƘƷƕ‫٭ٻ‬Ƴ଺ƸŴɦƷ ᘙ Ʒ࣏ᙲƳƱƜǖǛᚡλƠƯŴᡲ ዂ ࠚ ƴᝳǓǇƠǐƏŵᴾ ƕƭ ƴƪ  ǑƏƼǓǏƏŬƖƖǐƏƸ ǍƢǈǇƢŵ  ȷƔƥǛƻƖǇƠƨŵ  ȷƶƭƕƋǓǇƢŵ  ȷƓƳƔƕ  ȷƚƕǛƓƏƪƷƻƱƷǵǤȳ

ƍƨƍưƢŵƠǇƠƨŵ  ȷƼǐƏƍǜƴ  ȷƔƯƍƷƍƖǇƢŵǑƏơưƢŵ

ŬƖƖǐƏƸ  ƪƜƘǛ ƠǇƢŵ  Ტ   Უơƴ ƕƬƜƏǁ ƍƖǇƢŵ
ŬƖƖǐƏƸ  ƦƏƨƍǛ ƠǇƢŵ Ტ   ᲣơƴᲢ   Უƕ ǉƔƑƴ ƍƖǇƢŵ

45

ȁǧȃǯ

‫ܖݱ‬ఄǁƷᡲዂ

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ᨪᨡᨪ

NXPL

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N R G R PRQR JHQNL J D D U L P D V H Q

žǋƠǋƠ ŵŨƶ ǜ ŨƘǈŴŨŨŨ ŨŨŨưƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ Ψൢƕ ƋǓǇƤǜŵſᴾ

*GNNQᲢ%JKNFÞ
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ᴾ +HKVKUFKHHKEWNVVQYTKVGKP,CRCPGUGRNGCUGHKNNKPVJGPGEGUUCT[EQNWOPCPFRCUVGKVVQ
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ᴾ MonthDate

day of the week
ReasonŬI am absent today.

Guardian’s signatureCheck  ȷI caught a cold.
  ȷI have a fever.
  ȷI have a stomachache.
  ȷI am injured.
  ȷI must go to the hospital.
  ȷIt is a family matter.

ŬI will be late today.
 I am coming to the school at (:)ŬI will go home early today.
 () is coming to pick me up at (

:

46

).

ዬ࣯ᡲዂ
ƖǜƖǎƏ Ǖ ǜ ǒ Ƙዬ࣯ᡲዂЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵ


Ɯ

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ơƠ ǜ

ƞƍƕƍ

ƸƬƤƍ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǕǜǒƘǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƻǔ Ǉ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕ၏ൢǍƚƕǛƠƨƱƖŴ‫ע‬ᩗǍ໎ܹƕႆဃƠƨƱƖŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ƹ̬ᜱᎍƴᡲዂǛƠǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƸଷ᧓ƸǍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƜǉƔƕƘƲƏ Ǆ ƍ Ƙ

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Ɲ

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ơƠ ǜ

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ƸƬƽǐƏƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜǒƘ ǇƨŴ‫ע‬ᩗƕႆဃƠƨƱƖǍ୧᫘ᜩ‫إ‬ȷ୧᫘ᩌᜩ‫إ‬ȷཎКᜩ‫إ‬ƕႆ ᘙ ƞǕƨƱƖƴƸŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƔǒƷᡲዂƕ
ƸǍ

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ƳƘƯǋŴưƖǔƩƚଔƘ‫ܤ‬μƴ‫܇‬ƲǋǛᡇƑƴᘍƬƯƘƩƞƍŵǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ƹƋ ƍ

Ɣ

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 ƲƏƠƯǋ̬ᜱᎍƕᡇƑƴᘍƚƳƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸŴˊǘǓƷʴƴ᫂ǉƜƱƕưƖǇƢŵƦƷ‫ئ‬ӳƸᛡƕˊǘǓƴᡇƑƍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ưǜ ǘ

ǕǜǒƘ

ƴᘍƘƷƔŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᩓᛅưᡲዂƠǇƠǐƏŵƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƍƦ

Ɯ

ƼǐƏƍǜ

ƭ

ƍ

‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƕŴ࣯ƍư‫܇‬ƲǋǛ၏ ᨈ ǁᡲǕƯᘍƖǇƢŵǇƨơǎƏƩƍ᣻ ‫ ٻ‬Ƴƚƕ

ƻƭǑƏ

ƓƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍƖǎƏƖǎƏƠǌǑǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ࣏ᙲƴࣖơƯŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒέဃƕ ૔ ࣯ ៻ ǛԠƼǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƸƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ơ

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ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƷਦᅆƴƠƨƕƬƯƘƩƞƍŵ

Ĭƚƕ

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ƓƏ

Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌǕǜǒƘ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưቇҥƳ৖࢘ƯǛƠǇƢŵ࣏ᙲƴࣖơƯ̬ᜱᎍƴᡲዂƠ

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᠉ƍƚƕ

ƭƨ

Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

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Ɯ

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ƍ

ƯŴಮ‫܇‬ǛˡƑǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƷЙૺư‫܇‬ƲǋǛ၏ ᨈ ǁᡲǕƯᘍƬƯƘƩƞƍŵƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƍƦ

Ɯ

ƼǐƏƍǜ

ƭ

ƍ

‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƕŴ࣯ƍư‫܇‬ƲǋǛ၏ ᨈ ǁᡲǕƯᘍƖǇƢŵǇƨ

ơǎƏƩƍ

ƼǐƏƖ

᣻ ‫ ٻ‬Ƴ၏ൢ

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ƓƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍƖǎƏƖǎƏƠǌǑǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ࣏ᙲƴࣖơƯŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒέဃƕ ૔ ࣯ ៻ ǛԠƼǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƸƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ơ

ơ

‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƷਦᅆƴƠƨƕƬƯƘƩƞƍŵƼǐƏƖǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƔǜƤǜƠǐƏĭ၏ ൢƨƍƪǐƏ ƾǓǐƏƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƜǉƔƍǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƜ̬ᜱᎍƕ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴ‫܇‬ƲǋǛᡇƑƴᘍƖǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƕ‫܇‬ƲǋǛज़ ௨ ၐ

ƼǐƏƍǜ

ƭ

ƍ

၏ ᨈ ǁᡲǕƯᘍƬƯƘƩƞƍŵ

Ƹƭƶƭ

ƳƓ
ƱƏ ƜƏ Ɩ ǐ Ɣ ƠǐƏ
ƻƭǑƏ
ƼǐƏƍǜ
ƶƕ
˳ ᛦ ɧᑣᲢႆ༏ŴƛǓŴ ƔǜƤǜƠǐƏज़ ௨ ၐ ƕ඙Ƭƨǒႇఄᚩӧ ᚰ ƕ࣏ᙲưƢŵ ၏ ᨈ ƴƓᫍƍƠƯƓƏ Ʊ֓ӻƳƲᲣ

ƖǐƔƠǐƏ

ƍƱƏƔƍ ơ Ơ ǜ ƪǎƏƍǄƏ

ிෙ‫ע‬ᩗදॖ‫إ‬ƩᚩӧᚰǛЈƠƯǋǒƍǇƢŵ


ǇƑ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƚƍƔƍ ƤǜƛǜǑĭ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᘍƬƯƔǒႆ ᘙ Ჩႆဃᜩ়ܳᚕĮ‫ ע‬ᩗ Ɯƪ ơǐƏǄƏʖჷ ऴ ‫ إ‬Ơǜ ƲơǌƘ ƍơǐƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏơƠ ǜᩗࡇᲯ ࢊ ˌɥƷ‫ע‬ᩗ୧᫘ᜩ‫إ‬୧᫘ᩌᜩ‫إ‬

Ɯ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ǉƔ

ƸƬƤƍ

ƍ



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ĬᘍƘЭƴႆ ᘙ ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƍä‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᘍƔƳƍưƘƩƞƍŵƜǅƏƾƏ Ƥƭ ƚƍǄƏƍ ä‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴ‫܇‬ƲǋǛᡇƑƴᘍƬƯƘƩƞƍŵƍǅƏƾƏ ƚƍǄƏįᜩ ‫إ‬ƍä‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᘍƔƳƍưƘƩƞƍŵ

ơƠǜ

ƚƍǄƏ

ƸƬƤƍ

ĬᘍƘЭƴႆ ᘙ ᲩႆဃƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƍƸƬƽǐƏĭ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᘍƬƯƔǒႆ ᘙ 
ƤǜƤƍ

ƍǜƦƭ

ƠǎƏƩǜ ƛ Ɯ ƏǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǉƔƻƭǑƏ äέဃƕࡽྙƠƯŴᨼ ‫ ׇ‬ɦఄƠǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƷƓᡇƑƕ࣏ᙲƹƋ ƍƱƘǂƭ ƚƍǄƏ

Ƴ‫ئ‬ӳǋƋǓǇƢŵཎКᜩ‫إ‬ƓƓƋǊ ƜƏƣƍ ƚƍǄƏƸ ǖ Ə ƚƍǄƏƨƔƠƓ ƚƍǄƏ

ƸƬƽǐƏ‫ٻ‬ᩋව൦ᜩ‫إ‬Ŵඬුᜩ‫إ‬Ŵ᭗ກᜩ‫إ‬ƳƲƕႆ ᘙ ƞǕƯƍǔƱƖŴƨƚƍǄƏƦƷ˂Ʒᜩ‫إ‬ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǍƢƪǎƏƍơǐƏƖǐƏ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ƹ˞ǈƴƳǓǇƤǜŵ
ǈ

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ƍ᳕දॖ᳗ཞ ඞ ǛᙸƯүᨖƩƱЙૺƠƨƱƖƸŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ǁᘍƔƳƍưƘƩƞƍŵ







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47

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48

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ᜩ‫إ‬Ʊදॖ‫ إ‬ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏǍƢ ǅƏƾƏƚƍǄƏ

ǅƏƾƏƤƭƚƍǄƏ

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  ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƕ˞ǈƴƳǔƷƸŴ୧᫘ᜩ‫إ‬Ɣ୧᫘ᩌᜩ‫إ‬ƔཎКᜩ‫إ‬ƕႆᘙ ƞǕǔ଺ưƢŵƜǕǒƷ
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ƱƖ

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ᾀώ୧᫘ᜩ‫إ‬ẾềễỆᾎᴾǅƏƾƏƚƍǄƏƭǑ  Ɣƥ

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  ĬȆȬȓǛᙸǔ  ĭȩǸǪǛᎮƘ  ĮǤȳǿȸȍȃȈưᛦǂǔ 
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ƸƬƽǐƏ

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୧᫘ᜩ‫إ‬ƕႆ ᘙ ƞǕƯƍƨǒäƜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƍǅƏƾƏ ƚƍǄƏ

ƸƬƽǐƏ୧᫘ᜩ‫إ‬ƕႆ ᘙ ƞǕƨǒä



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ൢ ᝋ ࠻HPᒍᛖ༿Ტhttp://www.jma.go.jp/jma/indexe.htmlᲣ
ă Weather/Earthquake ă Weather Warnings/Advisories

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ƠǎƏƕƘ ơ ƚǜƜƏƠǜƩǜ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄǁഏƷ உƴஹ࠰ λ ‫ܖ‬Ƣǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƕƍǔܼࡊƴƸŴᅸƝǖž ‫ࡍͤ଺ܖ ݼ‬ᚮૺſƷƠƱƲƠǎƏƕƘ ơ ƚǜƜƏƠǜƩǜ

ƠƳƍƔƘƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƴǎƏƕƘ

ƻƔ

Ɯ

ƓჷǒƤƕ‫ފ‬ƖǇƢŵž ‫ࡍͤ଺ܖ ݼ‬ᚮૺſƱƸŴࠊϋƷӲ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄưŴ λ ‫ܖ‬Ǜ੘Ƒƨ‫܇‬Ʋǋ
ƨƍƠǐƏ

ƓƜƳ

ƚǜƜƏƠǜƩǜ

ƴǎƏƕƘ Ǒ Ư ƍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƍƚǜƜƏƠǜƩǜƏǛ ‫ ݣ‬ᝋ ƴ ᘍ ǘǕǔͤࡍᚮૺưƢŵ λ ‫ ܖ‬ʖ‫ܭ‬Ʒ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᘍƬƯͤࡍᚮૺǛӖƚǇƢŵ
ƱƏơƭ

ƋǜƳƍ

Ơƨƕ

ƠǜƪǐƏ

ƨƍơǎƏƦƘƯƍ

ƠǓǐƘƦƘƯƍ

ƠƔ ƚǜƠǜ

ƸƳƜƏƲƏƪǐƏǓǐƘ ƚ ǜ ƞƸƭƍƘơǐƏƖǐƏ

࢘ଐƸŴకϋƴ ࢼ ƬƯ៲ ᧈ ȷ˳ ᣻ ย‫ܭ‬Ŵᙻщย‫ܭ‬Ŵഫᅹ౨ᚮŴ Ꭾ щ ౨௹ŴႆᏋ ཞ ඞ

Ơǒ

ƓƜƳ

Ɯ

Ǆ

Ɲ Ơǌ

ƠǐƏƕƘƤƍ

ƴƍᛦǂƳƲǛ ᘍ ƍǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƸŴ̬ᜱᎍƱƸᩉǕƯᘍѣƠǇƢƕŴ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ဃƷƓΩƞǜȷ
ƶƑ

Ư

ƍƬƠǐ

Ǉǘ

ƋǜƠǜ

Ɠ‫ڻ‬ƞǜƕ৖ǛƭƳƍưɟደƴԗƬƯƘǕǔƷư‫࣎ܤ‬ưƢŵƚǜƜƏƠǜƩǜ

ƾƘ

ƪǌƘƩƭ

ƕ

ư

ƱƏơƭ

Ɩ

ƕ

ƾƘ

Ɩ

ƍ

ͤࡍᚮૺưƸŴ஌Ʒ ბ Ꮾ ƕƋǓǇƢŵ࢘ଐƸŴბஆƑƷƠǍƢƍ஌ǛბƯᘍƖǇƠǐƏŵ

Ɯ

ơ ƿǜ

Ɩ

Ɩ

‫܇‬ƲǋƕᐯЎưბஆƑƕЈஹǔǑƏƴƳƬƯƍǔƱǑƍưƢƶŵǋƠƏǇƘưƖƳƘƯǋŴ
ƠǐƏƕƘƤƍƯ ƭƩƩƍơǐƏƿ‫ܖ ݱ‬ဃƕ৖ˡƬƯƘǕǔƷư‫ٻ‬ɣ‫پ‬ưƢŵ
ƱƏơƭ

ơƿǜ

ƳǇƑ

ƍ

ƳǇƑ

Ǒ

ǁǜơ

࢘ଐǇưƴŴĬᐯЎƷӸЭǛᚕƑǔȷӸЭǛԠƹǕƨǒžƸƍᲛſƱᡉʙƕưƖǔŵĭžƓ
ƍ

ơƿǜ

Ɩ

ƕ



ƶƕƍƠǇƢſ
žƋǓƕƱƏƝƟƍǇƠƨſƱᚕƑǔŵĮưƖǕƹᐯЎưბஆƑƕưƖǔǑƏ
ƴƠƯƓƘƱǑƍưƢƶŵᴾᴾ

ᾁώễỆửẴỦỉᾎᴾ
ƳƴǛ
ƢǔƷᲹ

ƚǜƞ

ƲǜƳ౨௹ƳƷᲹ
ƚǜ ƞ

ƠǜƪǐƏ

៲ᧈ

ȷ

ƨƍơǎƏƦƘƯƍ

ơǐƏƸǜƠǜƸƩƔ

Ơƨ Ɨ

ƓƜƳ

ƤƍƔƘ

ƦƘƯƍ

ƓƓ

ƘƭƠƨ

Ƶ

Ƥ

ƨƔ

౨௹Ƹɥ Ҟ ៲ ᙉ ŴǇƨƸɦბư ᘍ ƏƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵǇƨŴ᪇ɦǋᏮƗǇƢŵᏑƷ᭗ƞƔǒƩƓǋƠǎƏƖǐƏơǐƏ

ǓǏ Ə

ƠǜƧƏ

Ɩ

ƸƩƔ

Ơƨ Ɨ

Ʊ ˳ Ʒ᣻ƞǛưƖǔƩƚദᄩƴย‫ܭ‬ƠǇƢŵŭ ‫ ܪ‬૙ ɥ ƷྸဌưŴ ᙉ ǍɦბƴƳǕƳƍ˳ ᣻ ย‫ܭ‬‫ئ‬ӳƸʙЭƴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵƳƍƠǜҔࠖƕŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƷᏟǍᏑɶƴ Ꭾ ᚮ֥Ǜ࢘ƯƯŴ࣎ᐥƷ᪦ǛᎥƖǇƢŵǇƨŴႸǍƷƲŴᱠ

ƹƋ ƍ

ƍ

ƠǐƘƠǜ

ơƥ ǜ

Ơ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ɯ

ǉƶ

ƦƏƩǜ

ƤƳ Ɣ

ƪǐƏ Ơ ǜ Ɩ

Ƌ

ƓƱ

Ǌ

ƸƳ

ϋᚮŴᚑ ᚮ  ƷɶǛᙸǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵƳƔǈƠǓǐƘ ƚ ǜ ƞ

ƲƏ ƙ

Ɣƨ Ǌ

ƔƘ     Ǉǔ ơǔƠ

ơǐƏƛ ƞ Ǐ Ə

ƍƪ ƿ

Ɣ

ᙻщ౨௹ưƸǹȗȸȳƷǑƏƳᢊφư༾ႸǛᨨƠǇƢŵŨ Ү Ʒɥɦ߼ӫƷɟᢿƕഎƚƯƍƠǓǐƘƦƘƯƍ

ᙻщย‫ܭ‬

Ɯ

Ɣ

Ɯƨ

Ɣ

ǄƏ

ǏƼ

ƠǊ

ǔƷưŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƸŴƲƜƕഎƚƯƍǔƷƔሉƑǇƢŵഎƚƯƍǔ૾ǛਦưᅆƠƯǋƍƍư
Ƣŵ
Ơ

Ơ

Ɣ ƚǜƠǜ

ഫᅹ౨ᚮ

Ɣ

ƍ

Ơ

Ɯ

Ƙƪ

Ꭾщ ౨௹Ƹƭ ƍƘ ơǐƏ ƖǐƏႆᏋ ཞ ඞ
Ơǒ

ᛦǂ

ǈ

Ƹ

ơǐƏƨƍ

Ƹ

Ƹ Ƴǒ

Ƌ

ǈ

ഫɳƼƸƲƏƔŴƔǈӳǘƤƸƲƏƔƳƲᲣǛᙸǇƢŵƞǇ ƟǇƪǐƏǓǐƘ ƚ ǜ ƞƳƔഫᅹҔࠖƕŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƷӝƷɶǛᙸǇƢŵƓǋƴŴഫƷཞ ७ᲢഫǛƠƬƔǓǈƕƍƯƍǔƔŴ
ƨƔ

ƓƱ

Ƴƕ

Ɩ

Ư

Ɯ

ƸǜƷƏ

ȘȃȉțȳƔǒಮŷƳ᭗ƞƷ᪦ƕ්ǕǇƢŵᎥƜƑƨǒ৖ǛƋƛǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷӒࣖƔǒŴƖƸǜƩǜᎥƜƑƯƍǔƔƲƏƔǛЙૺƠǇƢŵ
Ơ

ƪƕ

ƨƱ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ɣǜƨǜ

Ơƭǋǜ

Ɯƨ

Ƒǜ ƽƭ

Ɯƨ

ƠǔƠ

ࠊƴǑƬƯᢌƍǇƢƕŴ̊ƑƹέဃƷቇҥƳឋբƴሉƑƨǓŴᤲᇿưሉƑƴ Ү ǛƭƚƨǓ
Ǒ

Ɣ

ǋǜƩƍ

ƠǇƢŵƜƜưƻǒƕƳǍǫǿǫȊƷᛠǈ୿ƖƕưƖƳƘƯǋբ᫆ƸƋǓǇƤǜŵ55

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6JGHCOKN[YKVJCEJKNFYJQKUIQKPIVQGPVGTVJGGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNPGZV#RTKNYKNNTGEGKXGCPQVKEGQHß/GFKECN'ZCOKPCVKQPHQTUEJQQNIQKPIEJKNFTGP 5JWWICMWLK-GPMQW5JKPFCP à
KPHCNN+VKUCOGFKECNGZCOKPCVKQPHQTVJGEJKNFYJQKUIQKPIVQGPTQNNYKVJVJGUEJQQNCPFKV
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56

λ‫ࡸܖ‬ƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

λ ‫ࡸ ܖ‬ЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵᴾỆỠạầẪẲẨ

ᾀώλ‫ࡸܖ‬ẾềễỆᾎᴾƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƸƍƜǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

Ƌƭ

ƓƜƳ

ƠƖ

Ɯ

Ƌƨǒ

ƠǎƬƺƭ

ǈǇǋ

ƞƍƠǐ

ƻ

ƤƍƪǐƏ

   λ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƱƸŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴλǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƱƦƷ̬ᜱᎍƕᨼǇƬƯ ᘍ ƏࡸưƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ঺ ᧈǑǖƜƠƖƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƤƍƔƭ

ƠƖǛǈǜƳư շ ƿࡸưƢŵǇƨŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ဃ෇ƴǉƚƯ ૼ Ơƍ Ј ႆ Ǜᙸ‫ܣ‬ǔࡸưƢŵȑȸȆƠƖ   ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƤƍƔƭ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍǣȸƷǑƏƴŴƴƗǍƔƳࡸưƸƋǓǇƤǜŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ဃ෇ƷஇИƷଐưƢŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƟƍƜƏƤƍ

ƠǜƴǎƏƤƍ

ǉƔƱ‫נ‬ఄဃƕૼ λ ဃ ǛᡇƑƯƘǕǇƢŵẰ Ữ ẦᾁώẻủầӋьẴỦỉᾎᴾ
ƜƠǜƴǎƏƤƍǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƴǄǜƟƍƜƏƤƍ  ‫܇‬ƲǋᲴૼ λ ဃ Ტ‫נ‬ఄဃᲣ  ̬ᜱᎍᲴଐஜưƸŴƓ൐ƞǜǇƨƸƓ༵ƞǜƕ‫܇‬ƲǋƱɟደƴλ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƴӋьƠǇƢŵ

ƔƋ

ǓǐƏƠǜ

ƱƏ

ƞǜƔ

ƔƧƘ

ƞƍƖǜ

Ɯ

ƍƬƠǐ

ƴǎƏƕƘƠƖƞǜƔƓƓɲ ᚃ ưӋьƢǔܼଈǋஇᡈƸ‫ٶ‬ƘƳƬƯƖǇƠƨŵᾂώỄẮỂẴỦỉᾎᴾƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƨƍƍƘƔǜ

ƓƜƳ

ƠƖ

ƋƍƩ

Ɯ

ǇƑ

ǄƏ

   λ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬Ƹ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒ˳Ꮛ᫾ư ᘍ ƍǇƢŵࡸƷ ᧓ ƸŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƸЭƷ૾ƴǯȩǹƝƱƴƳǒƢǘǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

Ɯ

ƏƠ

Ƣǘ

ƹƋƍ

ƓƓ

ɳǜưࡈǓŴ̬ᜱᎍƸ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƷࢸǖƴǇƱǇƬƯࡈǔ‫ئ‬ӳƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵᾃώễỆửẴỦỉᾎᴾƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

ƔƍơǐƏ

Ƹƍ

ǇƑ

Əƚƭƚ

Ƣ

Əƚƭƚ

ƖǐƏƠƭ

Ƹƍ

Ɯ

ƔƘƴǜ



Ძ λ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬Ʒ ˟ ‫ ئ‬ƴλǔЭƴӖ˄ǛฎǇƤǇƢŵӖ˄ư‫܇‬ƲǋƷǯȩǹǛᄩᛐƠǇƢŵᲬ Ӗ˄ƕฎǜƩǒŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƸ ૙ ܴ ƴλǓǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƸ˳Ꮛ᫾ưࢳƪǇƢŵλ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬Ʒ ˟ ‫ئ‬

Əƚƭƚ

Ƣ

Ɯ

ƤƖ

Ɩ

ƴǎƏƕƘƠƖƸơǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƹƠǐƨƍƍƘƔǜ

ƔƍơǐƏ

ƏƠ

Ǉ

ƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

ƔƍơǐƏ

Ƹǜƿǜ

ưƸࠗƕൿǊǒǕƯƍǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƷ‫ئ‬৑ƸŴ ˟ ‫ ئ‬ƷࢸǖҞЎưƢŵƜƏƪǐƏƤǜƤƍ

ƔƍƪǐƏ

ƸƳƠ

ƸƳƠ

Ơƣ

Ɩ

Ჭ λ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƕ‫ڼ‬ǇǓǇƢŵఄ ᧈ έဃŴ᳊᳎᲻ ˟ ᧈ ƔǒƷƓ ᛅ ƕƋǓǇƢŵƓ ᛅ Ƹ᩺ƔƴᎥƏƝƖǇƠǐƏŵѣƍƨǓŴƓƠǌǂǓƠƨǓƠƳƍǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵ
ƨǜƴǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ơƿǜ

ƳǇƑ

ƨǜƴǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ɯ

ƳǇƑ

ƻƱǓ

Ǒ

Ɯ

ǁǜơ

ǕǜƠǎƏ

Ხ ਃ˓Ʒέဃƕ ႆ ᘙ ƞǕǇƢŵਃ˓ƷέဃƕǯȩǹƷ‫܇‬ƲǋƷӸЭǛᲫʴƣƭԠƼǇƢŵ‫܇‬
Ǒ

ƛǜƖ

ǁǜơ

ƍƑ

ƲǋƸᐯЎƷӸЭǛԠƹǕƨǒΨൢƴžƸƍſƱᡉʙǛƠǇƢŵܼưᡉʙƷ ጀ ፼ ǛƠƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵƴǎƏƕƘƠƖƓƖ ƶ ǜ ƠǌƠǜƱǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƜƍ

Ჯ λ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƕኳǘƬƨǒŴǯȩǹƝƱƴᚡࣞϙჇǛજǓŴ̬ᜱᎍǋ‫܇‬ƲǋƷǯȩǹƴᘍƖǇƢŵ
ƨǜƴǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ɯ

ƤƍƔƭ

ƓƘ

ƴƪ

ƤƭǊƍ

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ƗǐƏơ

ਃ˓ƷέဃƔǒ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƕƲƷǑƏƳဃ෇ǛᡛǔƔᲢଐƷᛟଢᲣŴਤƪཋŴᘍʙŴȫȸ
ƶƕ

ƸƳƠ

ƨƍƤƭ

ƸƳƠ

Ɩ

ǘ

ȫŴƓᫍƍƳƲǛƓ ᛅ ƠǇƢŵ‫ٻ‬ЏƳƓ ᛅ ƹƔǓƳƷưŴƖƪǜƱᎥƖǇƠǐƏŵЎƔ
ƸƳƠ

ƋƱ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ɩ

ǒƳƍƜƱƳƲƸŴƓ ᛅ ƷࢸƴέဃƴᎥƖǇƠǐƏŵƸƳƠƖǐƏƔƠǐ

ƕƘǑƏƻǜ

Ƙƹ

Ƙƹ

ǓǐƏ

ƓƓ

ƍƑ

ǋ

Ჰ ǯȩǹưƷƓ ᛅ ƷƱƖƴŴ૙ᅹ୿Ǎ‫ܖ‬ဇԼƳƲƕᣐǒǕǇƢŵᣐǒǕǔǋƷƷ ᣽ ƕ‫ٶ‬ƍ
ƓƓ

ƾƘǖ

ơǎǜƼ

Ƙƹ

ơǎǜƼ

ƾƘǖ

ƍ

Ƣǂ

ƷưŴ‫ٻ‬ƖǊƷ ᘥ ǛแͳƠǇƠǐƏŵᣐǒǕƨǋƷƸแͳƠƨ ᘥ ƴλǕƯμƯܼƴਤƪƔƑ࠙ǓǇƢŵ
57

λ‫ࡸܖ‬'PVTCPEG%GTGOQP[ 0[WWICMWUJKMK ᴾᴾ+H[QWJCXGCP[EQPEGTPQTCP[VJKPI[QWFQPQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTᾀώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶇᶑᴾᵿᶌᴾᶃᶌᶒᶐᵿᶌᶁᶃᴾᶁᶃᶐᶃᶋᶍᶌᶗᴾᵆᵬᶗᶓᶓᶅᵿᶉᶓᶑᶆᶇᶉᶇᵇᵝᴾ   6JG GPVTCPEG EGTGOQP[ KU C EGTGOQP[ HQT EJKNFTGP YJQ CTG GPVGTKPI VJGGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNCPFVJGKTIWCTFKCPU+VKUCEGTGOQP[VQEQPITCVWNCVGITQYVJQH
VJGEJKNFTGPCPFVQYCVEJQXGTVJGKTPGYUVCTVHQTVJGNKHGKPGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQN+V
KUPQVDWUVNKPICURCTV[+VKUVJGHKTUVFC[QHVJGGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNNKHG6JGUEJQQN
VGCEJGTUCPFUVWFGPVUYGNEQOGVJGPGYN[GPTQNNGFUVWFGPVUᾁώᵵᶆᶍᴾᶁᵿᶌᴾᶎᵿᶐᶒᶇᶁᶇᶎᵿᶒᶃᵝᴾ   %JKNFTGPPGYN[GPTQNNGFUVWFGPVU EWTTGPVUVWFGPVU  )WCTFKCPU+P,CRCPVJGOQVJGTCPFQTVJGHCVJGTCVVGPFVJG
GPVTCPEGEGTGOQP[YKVJVJGKTEJKNF+PTGEGPV[GCTU
KVJCUDGEQOGOQTGEQOOQPVQJCXGDQVJRCTGPVUCVVGPFKPIᾂώᵵᶆᶃᶐᶃᴾᶇᶑᴾᶇᶒᴾᶆᶃᶊᶂᵝᴾ   6JGGPVTCPEGEGTGOQP[KUJGNFKPVJGUEJQQNI[O&WTKPIVJGEGTGOQP[KVKUCEQOOQP RTCEVKEG VQ JCXG VJG EJKNFTGP NKPGF WR HCEKPI HTQPV KP VJGKT TGURGEVKXGENCUUGUYJKNGVJGIWCTFKCPUUKVDGJKPFVJGKTEJKNFTGPᾃώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶂᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᶗᴾᶂᶍᵝᴾᲫ )QVQVJGTGEGRVKQPDGHQTGGPVGTKPIVJGEGTGOQP[XGPWG%JGEMVJGEJKNFÞUENCUU
CVVJGTGEGRVKQP Წ #HVGTVJGTGEGRVKQPVJGEJKNFIQGUVQJKUJGTENCUUTQQOYJKNGVJGIWCTFKCPUYCKVKPVJGI[O5GCVKPIKPVJGGPVTCPEGEGTGOQP[KUFGUKIPCVGF6JGUGCVUHQTVJG
IWCTFKCPUCTGCVVJGUGEQPFJCNHQHVJGXGPWG Ჭ 5VCTVQHVJGGPVTCPEGEGTGOQP[#VVJGDGIKPPKPIQHVJGEGTGOQP[VJGUEJQQNRTKPEKRCN CPF 26# EJCKTRGTUQP YKNN IKXG URGGEJGU 2NGCUG NKUVGP VQ VJGOCVVGPVKXGN[&QPQVOQXGCTQWPFQTEJCVYKVJQVJGTUᲮ 6JGEJKNFTGPÞUJQOGTQQOVGCEJGTUCTGCPPQWPEGF6JGJQOGTQQOVGCEJGTYKNNECNN JKUJGT UVWFGPVUÞ
PCOGU QPG D[ QPG 6JG EJKNF TGURQPUGU YKVJ ß*CK;GU àEJGGTHWNN[YJGPJKUJGTPCOGKUECNNGF+VKUCFXKUGFVQRTCEVKEGVJKUYC[QH
TGURQPFKPICVJQOG Ჯ 1PEGVJGEGTGOQP[KUHKPKUJGFCEQOOGOQTCVKXGRJQVQYKNNDGVCMGPHQTGCEJENCUUCPFVJGPVJGIWCTFKCPUCNUQIQVQEJKNFTGPÞ
UENCUUTQQO6JGVGCEJGTYKNNOCMGCPCPPQWPEGOGPVCDQWVVJGUEJQQNNKHG GZRNCKPFCKN[NKHGKPUEJQQN KVGOUVQ DTKPI UEJQQN GXGPVU TGIWNCVKQPU CPF TGSWGUVU HTQO UEJQQN 6JGUG CTG CNNKORQTVCPV KPHQTOCVKQP 2NGCUG NKUVGP VQ KV ECTGHWNN[ +H [QW JCXG VJKPIU FQ PQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGCUMVJGVGCEJGTCHVGTVJGCPPQWPEGOGPV   Ჰ 6GZVDQQMUCPFUEJQQNUWRRNKGUCTGFKUVTKDWVGFFWTKPIVJGCPPQWPEGOGPVKPVJG
ENCUUTQQO2NGCUGDTKPICNQPICDKIIGTECTTKGTDCIDGECWUGOCP[KVGOUYKNNDG
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58λ‫ࡸܖ‬
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ờ

ᾄώ஌ᘺὉ˴ửਤẾềẟẪỉᾎᴾƜƾƘƦƏ ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ஌ᘺ
Ɯ

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Ɩ

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  ‫܇‬ƲǋဇƷǹȸȄǍǫȃǿȸǷȣȄŴȯȳȔȸǹǍȖȩǦǹƳƲǛბƯƍǔ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕ‫ٶ‬ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

Ɩ

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ƹƋƍ

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ƔƘƴǜ

ƍưƢŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưൿǊǒǕƨС஌ƕƋǔ‫ئ‬ӳǋƋǓǇƢŵέဃƴᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵ





Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌƾƘƦƏ ̬ᜱᎍƷ஌ᘺƠǜƴǎƏƤƍǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

Ɩ

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ƓƓ

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  ૼ λ ဃƷ̬ᜱᎍƸŴǹȸȄǍȯȳȔȸǹǛბƯᘍƘ‫ئ‬ӳƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵ ࣏ ƣƠǋƦƷǑ
ƾƘƦƏ

ƍ

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ƾƘƦƏ

Ɩ

ƏƳ஌ᘺưᘍƘ࣏ᙲƸƋǓǇƤǜƕŴǸȸȳǺǍ 6 ǷȣȄƳƲƷǫǸȥǢȫƳ஌ᘺƸბƯƍᘍƖǇƤǜŵƜǋǋƷᲭ ‫܇‬ƲǋƷਤƪཋƏǘƙƭ  Ĭɥ᪇  ĭȩȳȉǻȫƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

Ơ

Ɣ

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Įλ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƷƓჷǒƤƴ୿ƍƯƋǔਤƪཋǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǋǋƷᲮ ̬ᜱᎍƷਤƪཋƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

Ơ

Ɣ

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ǋƷ

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ƻƬƖǑƏƙλ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƷƓჷǒƤƴ୿ƍƯƋǔਤƪཋᲢǹȪȃȑŴ᪇ǛλǕǔȓȋȸȫ ᘥ ŴᇿᚡဇφŴƖǐƏƔƠǐ

ƕƘǑƏƻǜ

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Ɯ

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Əƭ

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૙ᅹ୿Ǎ‫ܖ‬ဇԼǛਤƪƔƑǔƨǊƷ‫ٻ‬ƖǊƷ ᘥ ƳƲᲣŵ
ƹƋƍ

ǋ

ƍ

‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ‫ ۋ‬ǛପƠƨƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸǫȡȩǍȓȇǪǛਤƬƯᘍƖǇƢŵǫȡȩǍȓȇǪưƷ
ƞƭƑƍƚƍƨƍ ư ǜ ǘજࢨƸ˂Ʒ૾ƷᡕषƴƳǒƳƍǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵǇƨŴઃ࠘ᩓᛅƸȞȊȸȢȸȉƴƢǔƔŴᩓเǛЏƬƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵƴǎƏƕƘƤƭǊƍƔƍǘƨơ Ʋ Ə Ƥ ƍ Ʊ ƪǐƏƞƻǐƏ

ƚǜƜƏ

Ơǐǔƍ

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  è λ ‫ ܖ‬ᛟଢ˟ƳƲưบƞǕƨδᇜဃࢻ ᛦ ௹ ᅚ ȷͤࡍǫȸȉƳƲƷ୿᫏ƸƱƯǋ‫ٻ‬ЏƳǋƷƖƴǎƏƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

ǘƢǋƍưƢŵƋǒƔơǊᚡλǛƠƯŴλ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƷƱƖƴࣔǕƣƴਤƬƯᘍƖǇƠǐƏŵỊởẟᾅώଔỜỆᘍẮạὲᴾƴǎƏƕƘƠƖ

Ɩ

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ƠǎƏƝƏ ơ Ɯ ƘƾǜǇƑƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƍλ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƸൿǇƬƨ଺᧓ƴ‫ڼ‬ǇǓǇƢŵᨼ ӳ ଺ЦƷ ЎЭƴƸŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ǁᘍƖǇƠǐƏŵ

ǑǏƏ

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Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ƸƳ

Ɯ

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˷ᘽǛਤƬƯᘍƔƳƍƱŴ࣯ ƴ̬ᜱᎍƱᩉǕǔƜƱƴƳǔƨǊŴ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕɧ‫ܤ‬ƴƳƬƯƠǇ


ƍǇƢŵ

ỆỠạầẪẲẨ

ᾆώλ‫ࡸܖ‬ỊἓἵὅἋỂẴὲᴾƴǎƏƕƘƠƖƜǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍƕƨƞǜƔƜ   λ ‫ ࡸ ܖ‬ƴƸǄƱǜƲƷ‫܇‬ƲǋǍ̬ᜱᎍŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒέဃ૾ƕӋьƠǇƢŵƜǕƔǒ‫܇‬Ʋǋ
ƤǜƤƍ

Ɯ

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ƕƲƷǑƏƳǯȩǹưƲƷǑƏƳέဃǍ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƱᢅƝƢƷƔᙸǔƜƱƕưƖǇƢŵǇƨŴƜƓƳǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ƨǜƴǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƪǐƘƤƭ ƸƳƠƴǎƏƕƘǇƑ

‫܇‬ƲǋƱӷơǯȩǹƷ̬ᜱᎍǍਃ˓ƷέဃƱ Ⴚ ੗ ᛅ ƕưƖǔȁȣȳǹưƢŵλ ‫ ܖ‬Э ƴƍ
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ǖƍǖɧ‫ܤ‬ƴ࣬ƬƯƍǔƜƱǋƥƻƜƷଐƴέဃƴᎥƍƯǈǇƠǐƏŵ59

λ‫ࡸܖ‬ᾄώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶇᶑᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᵿᶒᶒᶇᶐᶃᴾᵿᶌᶂᴾᶕᶆᵿᶒᴾᶒᶆᶇᶌᶅᶑᴾᶒᶍᴾᶀᶐᶇᶌᶅᵝᴾ
 %JKNFÞUCVVKTG
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Ჭ 6JKPIUVQDTKPICNQPIHQTVJGEJKNF  Ĭ 5NKRRGTU  ĭ 4CPUGN UEJQQNDCEMRCEM Į 6JKPIUNKUVGFQPVJGGPVTCPEGEGTGOQP[PQVKHKECVKQPNGVVGTᲮ 6JKPIUVQDTKPICNQPIHQTVJGIWCTFKCPU6JKPIU NKUVGF QP VJG GPVTCPEG EGTGOQP[ PQVKHKECVKQP NGVVGTUNKRRGTURNCUVKEDCIHQTRWVVKPIUJQGURGPUCPFPQVGDQQMC
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[QWTECOGTCQTXKFGQ2NGCUGVWTPQHHVJGOQDKNGRJQPGQTUGVKVKPUKNGPVOQFG
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6JG GPVTCPEG EGTGOQP[ UVCTVU RTQORVN[ CV VJG FGUKIPCVGF VKOG +V KU
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ᾆώᵲᶆᶃᴾᶃᶌᶒᶐᵿᶌᶁᶃᴾᶁᶃᶐᶃᶋᶍᶌᶗᴾᶇᶑᴾᵿᴾᶅᶍᶍᶂᴾᶍᶎᶎᶍᶐᶒᶓᶌᶇᶒᶗᴿᴾ   #NOQUV CNN VJG EJKNFTGP IWCTFKCPU GNGOGPVCT[ UEJQQN VGCEJGTU CVVGPF VJGGPVTCPEGEGTGOQP[;QWIGVVQUGGVJGUEJQQNGPXKTQPOGPVOGGVVJGVGCEJGTCPF
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60έဃƱƷƓᛅ

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᭟ƷൗƕᧈƍʴƸŴ᭟ƷൗǛǴȠưጉǓǇƢŵǈèᙸƑǔƱƜǖƴӸЭǛ୿ƍƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵơƿǜĮǴȸǰȫǅƏ ƠȡȃǷȥእ஬ƷȗȸȫဇƷࠞ‫܇‬ưƢŵƪǐƏƤƍᐯЎưǴȸǰȫƷ ᛦ ૢ ƕưƖǔǑƏƴƠƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵ
ǈ

Ƴ ǇƑ

Ɣ

èᙸƑǔƱƜǖƴӸЭǛ୿ƍƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵ

69

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2QQN5YKOOKPIᴾ +H[QWJCXGCP[EQPEGTPQTCP[VJKPI[QWFQPQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTᾀώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶂᶍᴾᶗᶍᶓᴾᶋᶃᵿᶌᴾᶀᶗᴾᶎᶍᶍᶊᵝᴾ
 5YKOOKPINGUUQPKUJGNFFWTKPIVJG2'ENCUUWUKPIVJGUEJQQNUYKOOKPIRQQN(KTUVUVWFGPVURNC[KPVJGUJCNNQYCPFUOCNNUYKOOKPIRQQNCPFITCFWCNN[IGVWUGFVQVJG
YCVGT+PVJGOKFFNGITCFGU TFCPFVJITCFGTU UVWFGPVUIQKPVQVJGFGGRCPFDKIIGT
RQQNCPFRTCEVKEGXCTKQWUYC[UVQUYKO2NGCUGFQPQVYQTT[KHVJGEJKNFECPPQVUYKOᴾᴾᾁώᵵᶆᶃᶌᴾᶁᵿᶌᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶁᶊᵿᶑᶑᴾᶆᵿᶔᶃᴾᶑᶕᶇᶋᶋᶇᶌᶅᴾᶊᶃᶑᶑᶍᶌᶑᵝᴾ
 5YKOOKPINGUUQPUCTGJGNFHTQOGPFQH,WPGVKNNDGHQTGVJGUWOOGTXCECVKQP 
è+P UQOG UEJQQNU VJGTG CTG RQQN VQWMQWDK 5EJQQN 2QQN &C[  FWTKPI VJG UWOOGTXCECVKQP
2QQNUVCTVUHTQO     OQPVJ     FC[
6QGPCDNGRQQNCEVKXKVKGUVQDGECTTKGFQWVCP[VKOGRNGCUGRTGRCTGKVGOUNKUVGFKPRQKPVᾂᴾ VQDTKPICNQPI ᾂώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶂᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᶗᴾᶀᶐᶇᶌᶅᴾᵿᶊᶍᶌᶅᴾᶒᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶎᶍᶍᶊᵝ   +H[QWFQPQVJCXGVJGHQNNQYKPIKVGOU[QWOC[PQVGPVGTVJGRQQN2NGCUGRTGRCTG
VJGKVGOUKPCFXCPEG+H[QWFQPQVMPQYYJGTGVQRWTEJCUGVJGKVGOURNGCUGEJGEMYKVJVJGVGCEJGT5CNGURGTUQPUOC[EQOGVQUEJQQNVQUGNNVJGKVGOUQPVJG5EJQQN
1RGP&C[KPUQOGUEJQQNU+VGOUVQDTKPICNQPIȷ0QVG

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Ĭ 5YKOYGCT)KTNUYGCT 
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V[RGYJKEJEQXGTUVJGPCXGN$Q[UYGCT    
UYKOOKPI 
VTWPMU 6JG 
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PCMGF è 6JGV[RGQH
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URGEKHKGFD[VJG
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PCX[KPOCP[UEJQQNU è0QVG2CPVU WPFGTYGCT KUPQVCNNQYGF9TKVGFQYP[QWTPCOGQPCXKUKDNGRCTV%CRUOCFGQHOGUJOCVGTKCNHQTRQQNĭ 5YKOOKPIECR WUG(QTVJQUGYKVJNQPIJCKTVKGWR
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70

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ƔǒƩ

຤Ǖƨ ˳ ǛƾƘƨǊƷǿǪȫưƢŵ
Ɩ



ƕ

ƔǒƩ

ƔƘ

ƹƋƍ

Ƹƍ

ბஆƑǔƱƖƴ ˳ ǛᨨƠƨƍ‫ئ‬ӳƴƸŴǴȠƷλ

įǿǪȫ

ǑƏƍ

ƬƯƍǔȩȃȗǿǪȫǛဇॖƠǇƠǐƏŵ
ǈ

Ƴ ǇƑ

Ɣ

èᙸƑǔƱƜǖƴӸЭǛ୿ƍƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵǈƣ Ɨƍ൦ბǍǿǪȫǛλǕǔȐȃǰưƢŵ
ƋƱ

ǈƣ Ɨ

Ƶ

ȗȸȫƷࢸƸŴ൦ბǍǿǪȫƕ຤ǕǇƢŵƵİȗȸȫȐȃǰƍƩƍơǐƏ ƿ຤ǕƨǋƷǛλǕƯǋ‫ ٻ‬ɣ ‫پ‬ƳȐȃǰǛ
ǑƏ ƍ

Ǖƍ

ဇॖƠǇƠǐƏŵᲢ̊ ᲴȓȋȸȫƷȐȃǰƳƲᲣ
ǈ

Ƴ ǇƑ

Ɣ

èᙸƑǔƱƜǖƴӸЭǛ୿ƍƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵ
ƪǎƏƍ

Ə

ǘ

ƋƦ

ǋ

  දॖᲴූƖ᠛ǍȜȸȫƳƲŴᢂƿǋƷƸਤƬƯƍƖǇƤǜŵỊẟᾃώἩὊἽỆλỦẺỜỆᴾ
ƻ

ƋƞƔƳǒ

ƨƍƓǜ

ƸƔ

Ƹƍ

ƸǜƩǜ

Ƌƞ

ƛǜ Ɩ

   ȗȸȫƕƋǔଐƸŴஔ ࣏ ƣ˳ภǛยƬƯȗȸȫƴλƬƯǋƍƍƔǛЙૺƠǇƢŵஔƸΨൢư
ǇƑ

ƻ

ƶƭ

ƼǐƏ Ɩ

ƳƓ

Ǆ

Ɲ Ơǌ

ƨƍƪǐƏ

ǘǔ

ǉ

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Ƹƍ

  ǋЭƷଐƴ༏ƕƋƬƨǓŴ၏ ൢƕ඙ƬƨƹƔǓƩƬƨǓŴ˳ ᛦ ƕफƍƱƖƸ໯ྸƴλǒƤƳƩƍơǐƏ ƿ

Ɠǋ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƸǜƩǜ

Ƹƍ

ƍǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵǇƨŴ̬ᜱᎍƕ‫ ٻ‬ɣ ‫پ‬ƩƱ࣬ƬƯǋŴέဃƷЙૺưλǒƤƳƍƜƱǋ
ƭƗ

Ư ơǎǜ

Ɯ

ǑƏƢ

ƔƘƴǜ

ƋǓǇƢŵഏƷ৖ ᪯ ư‫܇‬ƲǋƷಮ‫܇‬ǛᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵ
ƍƑ

Ƌƞ

ƍƑ

Ɯ

ƨƍƓǜ

ƸƔ

ƥǜơƭ

Ɲ Ơǌ

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ƨƍƪǐƏ

Ɣǜƕ

Ɯ

Ĭܼư       ஔŴܼư‫܇‬ƲǋƷ˳ภǛยǓǇƢŵЭଐƷ˳ ᛦ Ǜ ᎋ ƑƯ‫܇‬ƲǋƕȗȸȫƴƸƍǄλƬƯǋƍƍƔŴ̬ᜱᎍƕЙૺƠƯƘƩƞƍŵ
ƹƋƍ

Ƹƍ

ƖƴǎƏ

ȗȸȫǫȸȉƕƋǔ‫ئ‬ӳƸŴȗȸȫƴλǕǔƔƲƏƔǛǫȸȉƴᚡλƠǇƢŵ
Ǆ

Ɲ Ơǌ

ƍǜƔǜ

ƻƭǑƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

Ư ƭƮ

ƻƭǑƏ

Ƥǜ

̬ᜱᎍƷҮᦷǍǵǤȳƕ࣏ᙲƳ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ǋƋǓǇƢŵƲǜƳ৖ዓƖƕ࣏ᙲƔŴέ
Ƥƍ

ƔƘƴǜ

Ƹƍ

ƨƍƪǐƏ

ƱƱƷ

ဃƴᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵȗȸȫƴλǔƱƱƯǋƭƔǕǇƢŵ˳ ᛦ Ǜ ૢ ƑǔƨǊ
ƱƏơƭ

ǇƑ

ƻ

ƸǍ

ƶ

ƴ࢘ଐƩƚưƳƘЭƷଐǋưƖǔƩƚଔƘ‫ݏ‬ƔƤǇƠǐƏŵƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƹƋƍ

ƖƴǎƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƯƍƠǎƭ

ƞƍƲ Ɯ

ƚǜƜƏơǐƏƨƍ  ĭ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄư   ȗȸȫǫȸȉƕƋǔ‫ئ‬ӳƸᚡλƠƨǋƷǛέဃƴ ੩ Ј ƠǇƢŵƕƬƜƏƚǜƜƏƔǜƞƭ

ƨƍƪǐƏ

Ǒ

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          ‫ܖ‬ఄưǋͤࡍᚇ‫ݑ‬ƳƲưŴϐࡇ‫܇‬ƲǋƷͤࡍ ཞ ७ Ǜ৭੮ƠǇƢŵ
ǋ

ǋƷ

ǘƢ

ƨƍƓǜ

ƸƔ

ǘƢ

ǘƢ

˳ ᛦ ƕᑣƘƯǋਤƪཋǛࣔǕƨǓŴ˳ภǛยǓࣔǕƨǓŴȗȸȫǫȸȉǛࣔ
Ƹƍ

ƔƘƴǜ

ǕǔƱȗȸȫƴƸλǕǇƤǜŵǑƘᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵ


ƻƱ

Ƹƍ

ƜǜƳƱƖȷƜǜƳʴƸȗȸȫƴλǕǇƤǜƸƸƍ  ȷƚƕǛƠƯƍǔƱƖᲢƹǜƦƏƜƏǛᝳƬƯƍǔƱƖǋλǕǇƤǜᲣ
ƶƭ

Ƌƞƶƭ

ǇƑ

ƻ

ƶƭ

Ɯ

ǑƏ Ƣ

ǈ

ƸǜƩǜ

  ȷ༏ƕƋǔƱƖᲢஔ༏ƕƳƘƯǋŴЭƷଐƴ༏ƕƋƬƨǒ‫܇‬ƲǋƷಮ‫܇‬ǛᙸƯЙૺƠƯƘƩƞƍᲣƪǎƏƚǜ ƞ

Ə

ƚǜ ƞ

ƚƬ Ɣ

ǑƏƤƍ

ƪ ǓǐƏ

ȷƗǐƏ ᖓ ౨௹ǛӖƚƯƍƳƍƱƖŴǇƨƸ౨௹Ʒኽௐƕࣱᨗư඙ ၲ ǛƠƯƍƳƍƱƖƪǎƏ ƚ ǜ ƞ

ǈᲢᳪžƗǐƏ ᖓ ౨௹ſƷȚȸǸǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍᲣ
ƾƘƭƏ

ƛ

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ƚƭǇƘƑǜ

ƋƨǇǈƣƱȷᐃၘ    ȷɦၚ  ȷ൦ƍǅ  ȷ᫠Ƽƻ     ƪǎƏ ơ ƑǜƔǜƤǜȷኽᐏ໒  ȷ ᪽ Ƿȩȟ  ȷ ɶ ᎚໒ƠǜƧƏƼǐƏ

ơǜƧƏƼǐƏ

ƚƬƔƘ

ƸƍƑǜ

ƓƦ

ƔƳǒ

ज़ ௨ Ƣǔ ऀ ǕƕƋǓǇƢƷưŴ ࣏ ƣȷ࣎ ᐥ ၏  ȷᏴ ᐥ ၏  

ƍ Ơ

Ơ ơ

Ơƨƕ

ҔࠖƷਦᅆƴ ࢼ ƍǇƠǐƏŵ

ȷኽఋ    ȷᏍ໒

71

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CPFEQPUWNVVJGVGCEJGTĬ #VJQOG    +PVJGOQTPKPIVCMGVJGEJKNFÞUVGORGTCVWTG$CUGQPVJGRJ[UKECNEQPFKVKQPVJGFC[DGHQTGVJGIWCTFKCPUJQWNFLWFIGKHVJGEJKNFECPIQKPVQVJGRQQN                  +HVJGTGKUCRQQNECTFTGEQTFVJGVGORGTCVWTGFQYPQPKV6JGIWCTFKCPÞU
UGCN QT UKIPCVWTG OC[ DG TGSWKTGF KP UQOG UEJQQNU 2NGCUG EJGEM YKVJ VJGVGCEJGTHQTVJGPGEGUUCT[RTQEGFWTG%JKNFOC[IGVXGT[VKTGFCHVGTUYKOOKPI +PQTFGTVQCFLWUVVJGRJ[UKECNEQPFKVKQPRNGCUGNGVVJGEJKNFIQVQUNGGRGCTN[PQVQPN[QPVJGFC[KVUGNHDWVCNUQVJGFC[DGHQTG  ĭ #VVJGGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQN   #VVJGGNGOGPVCT[UEJQQNJCPFVJGTGEQTFKPIUVQVJGVGCEJGTKH [QW JCXG C RQQN ECTF +P UEJQQN VJG[ YKNN TGEQPHKTO VJG EJKNFÞ
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JCUCHGXGTVJGFC[DGHQTG 
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OCMGUWTGVQHQNNQYVJGFQEVQTÞU
KPUVTWEVKQPUȷ*GCFNQWUG ȷ6[ORCPKVKUȷ*GCTVFKGCUG 
ȷ-KFPG[FKUGCUG  ȷ6WDGTEWNQUKU   ȷ2PGWOQPKC 
72

ȗȸȫ


ƓƏƪƷƻƱƷǵǤȳƕƭ  ƴƪ   ǑƏƼƖǐƏƸƍᲢ  ᲣʻଐƸ ȗȸȫƴ λǓǇƢŵƖǐƏƸƍᲢ  ᲣʻଐƸ ȗȸȫƴ λǓǇƤǜŵ
ǘǔƍƱƜǖ
  ǘǔƍƱƜǖǛȞȸǯƠƯ ƘƩƞƍŵ    ǓǏƏƔƥǛ ƻƖǇƠƨŵƶƭƕ ƋǓǇƢŵ
ƓƳƔƕ ƍƨƍưƢŵƚƕǛ ƠǇƠƨŵ
ƼǐƏƖ ưƢŵᲢ            Უ



73

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Signature of the guardiansMonth  DayDay of the weekᲢ  ᲣI go into the pool today.

Ტ  ᲣI do not go into the pool today.
Parts not feeling well%JGEMVJGRCTVUYJGTG[QWCTG   PQVHGGNKPIYGNN    Reason
I cought a cold.
I have a fever.
I have a stomach ache.
I got hurt.
I am feeling sick.
Ტ            Უ



74

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ǅƏƞƍƖǐƏƍƘƓƜƳ  ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƸŴƍƭឪƖǔƔЎƔǒƳƍ໎ܹƴͳƑƯŴ୍െƔǒ᧸໎ ૙ Ꮛ Ǜ ᘍ ƬƯƍǇƢŵ
ƪƔ

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ƱƏƔƍ ơ Ơ ǜ

ƨƍ

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Ɣƞƍ

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ᡈƍƏƪƴឪƖǔƱᚕǘǕƯƍǔிෙ‫ע‬ᩗƴ‫ݣ‬Ƣǔ᚞ጀƩƚưƸƳƘŴ້໎Ǎ඾ඬŴɧ‫ݙ‬ᎍƴ

ƨƍ

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ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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‫ݣ‬Ƣǔ᚞ጀǋƋǓǇƢŵƠƔƠŴ໎ܹƸ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴƍǔƱƖƴឪƖǔƱƸᨂǓǇƤǜŵܼࡊưƞƍƕƍ ơ

ƨƍƓƏ

ƔƧƘ

ƔƘƴǜ

ƞƍƕƍ ơ

ƦƳǋ໎ܹ଺ƴƲƷǑƏƴ‫ࣖݣ‬ƢǔƷƔܼଈǈǜƳưᄩᛐƠƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵǇƨŴ໎ܹ଺ƴͳƑƠǐƘǓǐƏ

ƤƍƔƭǑƏƻǜƦƳƯ ᫢ ኋ Ǎဃ෇ဇԼǛͳƑƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵẰẟầẟ ẳ Ẻẟấạẳ Ẳ Ữᾁώ໎ܹ଺‫ࣖݣ‬Ệếẟềᴾ ᴾ ‫ע‬ᩗᴾƱƏƔƍ ơ Ơ ǜ

 

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‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴ‫܇‬ƲǋƕƍǔƱƖƴ ႆ ᘙ ƞǕƨ‫ئ‬ӳƴƸƢƙƴᡇƑƴᘍƖǇƢŵ


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ƹƬƨ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪǛŴƖƬƱǄǊƯƘǕǇƢŵμఄδᇜǛȁȸȠƴЎƚƯŴȁȸȠ‫ݣ‬৴৆
ƓƜƳ

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ƤƍƤƖƸƬƽǐƏǛ ᘍ ƬƯƍǔ‫ئ‬ӳƴƸŴ঺ጚ ႆ ᘙ ǋƋǓǇƢŵ Ο Ѩ ȁȸȠƸ ច ƕǋǒƑǇƢŵ


Ɯ 

ƖǐƏƗ
Ǖƍ

‫܇‬Ʋǋ
ƨƪƸƜǜƳᇤ২ǛƠǇƢᲢ̊Უ   ƱƖǐƏƦƏ
ƨǜƖǐǓƦƏƸǍƖƦࢻ ᇤ ʗȷȷȷჺុᩉឥưƢŵǴȸȫǇưƷᡮƞǛᇤƍǇƢŵ
ƾƨ
ǆǜ
ƭƳ
ǓǐƏƕǘ
ƻ
Ƌ
ƪƔǒ
Ƌ
ƭƳƻƖȷȷȷʚ
ƭƷȁȸȠƕᲫஜƷዠǛ ɲ ͨ ƔǒࡽƖӳƍǇƢŵȁȸȠư щ ǛӳǘƓƜƳƩǜƨƍƖǐƏƗ       ƤƯ ᘍ Ə‫˳ׇ‬ᇤ২ưƢŵƖ ƹ Ƥ ǜƨƍƜƏƩǜƨƍƖǐƏƗ
ƴǜ
ƘǈƻƱ
Ɩ ƹ
ƭƘ
ƴǜ
Ư
ᬱ ᬔ ৆ȷȷȷȁȸȠ‫ݣ‬৴Ʒ‫˳ׇ‬ᇤ২ưƢŵʴᲫኵɟƭƷᬱᬔǛ˺ǓǇƢŵʴƕ৖Ǜ
Ƙ
ƲƩƍ
ƭƘ
ƻ ƱǓ
ƏƑ
Ʒ
ƋƍƯ
Ɩ ƹ
ƏƑ
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ኵǜư‫ם‬ӨǛ˺ǓŴʴƕƦƷɥƴʈǓǇƢŵႻ৖ȁȸȠƷᬱᬔƷɥƴʈƬ
Ɯ

ᴾ
ᴾ

ǅƏƠ

Ʊ

Ƌ

ƏƝ

Ƹƛ

ƸƩƠ

ƓƜƳ

Ưƍǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƷࠞ‫܇‬ǛӕǓӳƍǇƢŵѣƖƕນƠƍƨǊᙉឱư ᘍ ƍǇƢŵ



ᴾ
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ờ

ᾄώễỆửბềẟẪỉᾎਤẾềẟẪỉᾎᴾƜƾƘƦƏ ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ஌ᘺƨƍƦƏƾƘ

Ĭ˳દ஌ƏǜƲƏƙƭ ĭᢃѣ᪇
ƋƨǒƏǜƲƏƙƭƸƘƭᲢ ૼ Ơƍᢃѣ᪇ưƸƳƘŴ‫ޗ‬ƖƳǕƨƍƭǋƷ᪇ǛƸƖǇƠǐƏᲣƋƔƠǖ ǅ Ə Ơ Įហႉࠞ‫܇‬ įȕǧǤǹǿǪȫ
Ɯ

ǋ

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 ‫܇‬ƲǋƷਤƪཋ
ǂǜƱƏ

ƢƍƱƏ

ƢƍƱƏ

ǈ

 Ĭ൦ለ  ᲢᳪᲫᲭᲫ  žƓࡰ࢘ȷ൦ለſƷȚȸǸǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍᲣ
ƪǎƏƍ

ƢƍƱƏ

ƪǌ

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         ᳕දॖ᳗൦ለƴƸƓᒧƔƓ൦ǛλǕǇƠǐƏŵǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƾƘƦƏǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƖǐƏƗ ̬ᜱᎍƷ஌ᘺ
ƞǜƔ

ƏƝ

ƾƘ

Ɩ

ƏǜƲƏƙƭǋ  ̬ᜱᎍƕᇤ২ƴӋьƢǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵѣƖǍƢƍ஌ǛბǇƠǐƏŵǇƨŴᢃѣ᪇ǛਤƬƯƍƖǇƠǐƏŵ
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Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌǋǋƷ ̬ᜱᎍƷਤƪཋ
ƢƍƱƏ

ǂǜƱƏ

ƢƍƱƏ

ǈ

   Ĭ൦ለ  ᲢRᲫᲭᲫ  žƓࡰ࢘ȷ൦ለſƷȚȸǸǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍᲣ
ƪǎƏƍ

ƖǜƠ

          ᳕දॖ᳗ǢȫǳȸȫƸᅠഥưƢŵ
ǂǜƱƏ

ǂǜƱƏ

ƢƍƱƏ

ǈ

   ĭƓࡰ࢘ ᲢᳪᲫᲭᲫ  žƓࡰ࢘ȷ൦ለſᲣƷȚȸǸǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍᲣƪǎƏƍƪǎƏƠǐƘơƔǜƖǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ǂǜƱƏ

ǋ

ƍ

ƪǎƏƠǐƘƨƜƭ          ᳕දॖ᳗ ଷ ᫢ Ʒ଺᧓ƸൿǊǒǕƯƍǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƕƓࡰ࢘ǛਤƬƯᘍƬ
Ɯ

ƍƬƠǐ

ƱƖ

ƪǎƏƠǐƘ

ƨ

ƕƬƜƏ

ơƔǜ

ƓƘ

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Ư‫܇‬ƲǋƱɟደƴ᫢ǂǔ‫ܖ‬ఄǋƋǓǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƱ ଷ ᫢ Ǜ᫢ǂƍǔ଺ƴƸ ଷ ᫢ Ʒ଺᧓ƴ᡿ǕƳƍǑƏƴᘍƖǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋǛᡲǕ
ǈƤ

ƨ

ƍ

Ɯ

ƍƬƠǐ

ƪǎƏƠǐƘ

ƨƯƓࡃƴ᫢ǂƴᘍƬƯƸƍƚǇƤǜŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƱɟደƴ ଷ ᫢ Ǜ᫢
ƹƋƍ

ơƥǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƦƏƩǜ

ǂǔƜƱƕưƖƳƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸŴʙЭƴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵƠƖǋƷǄƝƠǌƤƖƜǈƭƔ   Į૤ཋ  ă̬ᜱᎍࠗư‫܇‬ƲǋǛᙸǔƱƖƴ̅ƍǇƢŵ ȓȋȸȫǷȸȈ 
Ɯ

Ƣƕƨ

Əƭ

ƹƋƍ

ǋ

ƍ

   įǫȡȩǍȓȇǪ ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ‫ ۋ‬ǛପƠƨƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸǫȡȩǍȓȇǪǛਤƬƯᘍƖǇƢŵǫ
ƞƭƑƍ

ǄƔ

Ɣƨ

ƖǐƏƗ

ơǌǇ

ȡȩǍȓȇǪưƷજࢨƸ˂ Ʒ૾ Ǎᇤ২ Ʒᢲᮂ ƴƳǒƳƍǑƏƴƠǇ


ƠǐƏŵ

Ịở

ẟ

ᾅώଔỜỆᘍẮạὲᴾƏǜƲƏƔƍ

ƖơƔǜƸơƏǜƲƏƔƍ

Ƹơ

ǀǜ

ƾǜǇƑ

ƔƍơǐƏ

ƍ

   ᢃѣ˟ƸൿǇƬƨ଺᧓ƴ‫ڼ‬ǇǓǇƢŵᢃѣ˟Ʒ‫ڼ‬Ǉǔ Ў᳸ЎЭƴƸŴ ˟ ‫ ئ‬ǁᘍƖ  ǇƠǐƏŵẺᾆώẸỉ˂ᴾƏǜƲƏƔƍ

ƋƍƩ

Ɯ

ƍƬƠǐ

Ɯ

ǄƝƠǌƤƖ

ƔƭƲƏƏǜƲƏƔƍƓ  Ĭᢃѣ˟Ʒ ᧓ Ŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƸǯȩǹƷǈǜƳƱɟደƴ෇ѣƠǇƢŵᢃѣ˟ƕኳǘǔǇưƸŴ
ƭ

ƍƑ

ƭ

ƔƑ

‫܇‬ƲǋǛ̬ᜱᎍࠗǁᡲǕƩƠƨǓŴܼǁᡲǕƯ࠙ƬƨǓƠƳƍưƘƩƞƍŵƪǎƏƍƪǎƏƠǐƘơƔǜǄƝ ƠǌƤƖ

ƜƍƬƠǐƪǎƏƠǐƘƨ   ᳕දॖ᳗ଷ ᫢ Ʒ଺᧓ƴ̬ᜱᎍࠗƳƲưŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƱɟደƴ ଷ ᫢ Ǜ᫢ǂǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵ
ƋǊ

ƾ

ƹƋƍ

ƨƍƓƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƔƘƴǜ

  ĭᩋƕᨀƬƨ‫ئ‬ӳƷ‫ࣖݣ‬ǛŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƴᄩᛐƠƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵƱƏơƭƓƏƑǜƤƖƹƠǐ ƱƪǎƏƠǌơǐƏ

ƠǑƏ

Ƥƍƛǜ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏǕǜǒƘ  Į࢘ଐƷࣖੲࠗƷ‫ئ‬৑ӕǓǍ ᬟ ៻ ‫ ئ‬Ʒ̅ဇƴƸСᨂƕƋǓǇƢŵ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƔǒᡲዂƕƋǓ
ƔƳǒ

ƳƍǑƏ

ƔƘƴǜ

Ǉǋ

ǇƢƷưŴ ࣏ ƣϋܾǛᄩᛐƠƯȫȸȫǛ‫ܣ‬ǓǇƠǐƏŵƏǜƲƏƔƍ

ƻ

ƾƩǜ

Ƙǒ

ƢƍƱƏ

ǓǐƏ

ƾƩǜ

ƓƓ

ǋ

  įᢃѣ˟ƷଐƸ୍െƴൔǂŴƷƲƕƔǘƖǇƢŵ൦ለƷ ᣽ Ǜ୍െǑǓǋ‫ٶ‬ǊƴਤƨƤƯƘƩƞƍŵ ƏǜƲƏƔƍ

Ɯ

ƨƷ

ǑƏƢ

ƤƍƪǐƏ

Ɣǜ

ƹƠǐ

  İᢃѣ˟ƸȑȸȆǣȸưƸƋǓǇƤǜŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷಏƠǜưƍǔಮ‫܇‬Ǎ ঺ ᧈ Ǜज़ơǔ‫ئ‬৑ư
ƓǜƕƘ

Ƴƕ

ƞƚ

ǋ

Ɯ

ƖǜƠ

Ƣŵ᪦ಏǛ්ƠƨǓŴȐȸșǭȥȸǻȃȈǍƓᣒǛਤƪᡂǜƩǓƢǔƷƸᅠഥƞǕƯƍǇ
ƏǜƲƏơǐƏ

ƖǐƏƗ

ǈ

ƹƠǐ

Ư ƋƠ

ƭǊ

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Ɯ

ƖǜƠ

Ƣŵᢃ ѣ ‫ ئ‬ƳƲƷᇤ২Ǜᙸǔ‫ئ‬৑ǁƷȓȸȁȑȩǽȫǍȆȳȈƷਤƪᡂǈƸᅠഥƞǕƯƍǇƢŵƏǜƲƏƔƍ

ƥǜơƭ

Ɯ

Ɩ

ƞǜƔ

ƥǜơƭ

  ıᢃѣ˟ƷЭଐƴ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ৖ឱƷ༯ǛƠƬƔǓƱЏƬƯӋьƞƤƯƘƩƞƍŵǇƨŴЭଐƸƸǍƶଔǊƴ‫ݏ‬ƔƤǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵ

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  ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƸŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƕƜǕǇư ‫ ܖ‬፼ ƠƯƖƨƜƱǛ̬ᜱᎍǍ˂Ʒ‫࠰ܖ‬Ʒ‫܇‬Ʋǋƨƪƴ
ƸƬƽǐƏ

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ƕƬƠǐƏ ƞƍƕƘƛƍƔƍႆ ᘙ Ƣǔ‫ئ‬ưƢŵ‫ܖ‬ఄƴǑƬƯƸဃ෇ ႆ ᘙ ˟ Ŵ ӳ ՘ ᅛŴ‫ܖ‬ᑸ˟ƳƲƱӸЭƕ‫٭‬ǘǔƱƜǖ
Ɯ

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Əƨ

Ɯơǜ

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ƞƘƻǜƯǜ

ƔƨƪǯȩǹƝƱŴǰȫȸȗƝƱƴ ႆ ᘙ ƠǇƢŵ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕ˺Ƭƨ˺ԼǛ‫ޒ‬ᅆƢǔ˺Լ‫ޒ‬ƷǑƏƳ ࢟
ƸƬƽǐƏ

ƹ

ǋƏ

ƹƋƍ

Ɯ

ƸƬƽǐƏƔƍư ႆ ᘙ Ʒ‫ئ‬Ǜᚨƚǔ‫ئ‬ӳǋƋǓǇƢŵƢƏƔƛƭǇƑ

ƳǜƲ

ƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜƠǎƏ

ƱƏơƭ

ƖǜƪǐƏ

  ‫܇‬ƲǋƸႆ ᘙ ˟ ƷƨǊƴૠȵஉЭƔǒ˴ࡇǋ‫ܖ‬ఄư ጀ ፼ ǛƠǇƢŵ࢘ଐƸ ዬ ࢌ ƠƳƕǒ
Ɯ

Ƣƕƨ

ǈǇǋ

ǋƕǜƹǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ‫ ۋ‬ǛƋƨƨƔƘᙸ‫ܣ‬ƬƯƘƩƞƍŵ


Ằ Ữ Ầ

ᾁώẻủầӋьẴỦỉᾎ Ɯ ‫܇‬ƲǋƜƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

ƞǜƔ‫܇‬ƲǋƸŴǈǜƳ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƴӋьƠǇƢŵ
 

ƔƧƘ

ƠǜƤƖ

 ܼଈǍᚃীƴǄǜƓƓǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

Ɯ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ǈ

ƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍƍ    ଐஜưƸŴ‫ٶ‬ƘƷ̬ᜱᎍƕ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ႆ ᘙ ǛᙸǔƨǊƴŴ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƴᘍƖǇƢŵƓ
ƠǜƤƖ

ǈ

ƍ

ƕƬƜƏ

Ɩ

ǄƝƠǌƤƖ

ƸƬƽǐƏơƍƞǜŴƓƹƋƞǜŴᚃীǋᙸƴᘍƘƜƱƕưƖǇƢŵ‫ܖ‬ఄƕൿǊƨž̬ᜱᎍࠗſư ႆ ᘙ
ǈ

ƻƱ

ǈ

Ƙ

ƤƖ

Ƣǘ

ǛᙸǇƢŵƨƘƞǜƷʴƕᙸƴஹǔƷưŴࠗƸƭǊƯࡈǓǇƠǐƏŵᾂώỄẮỂẴỦỉᾎᴾ
ƕƬƜƏƨƍƍƘƔǜ

ƪƔƜƏǈǜƔǜ

Ơ ǈ ǜ ƔƍƔǜƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

ƔƍƔƍƠƖ

ƜƏƪǐƏƤǜƤƍƓƓ   ‫ܖ‬ఄƷ˳Ꮛ᫾ǍŴᡈƘƷπൟ᫾ȷࠊൟ˟᫾ư ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ǛƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵ

ᴾᾃώễỆửẴỦỉᾎᴾ ƔƍƔƍƠƖ ᧏˟ࡸ
ƔƍƔƍƠƖ

ƖǐƏƱƏƤǜƤƍ

ƸơǊƴŴž᧏˟ࡸſǛƠǇƢŵ᧏˟ࡸưƸŴ ఄ ᧈ έဃǍ ૙ ᪽ έဃƕƋƍƞƭǛƠǇ
Ɯ

ƩƍƻǐƏ

ƕƬƜƏ

Ƣŵ‫܇‬Ʋǋ ˊ ᘙ ƷƋƍƞƭƕƋǔ‫ܖ‬ఄǋƋǓǇƢŵ ƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ
Ɯ

ơǎǜƹǜ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ƛƖ

Əƨ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ƓƓ

ƭƗƴŴ‫܇‬Ʋǋƨƪƕ ᪯ ဪ ƴ ႆ ᘙ ǛƠƯƍƖǇƢŵтǍജư ႆ ᘙ ǛƢǔƜƱƕ‫ٶ‬ƍ
ƭƔ

ƕƬƖ

ƭƔ

ƑǜƦƏ

ưƢŵȑǽǳȳǍȗȭǸǧǯǿȸǛ̅ƬƨǓŴಏ֥Ǜ̅ƬƯ๫‫ڌ‬ǛƠƨǓƢǔƜƱǋƋǓ
Ƴƴ

ƕƬƜƏ

ƕƘƶǜ

ǇƢŵ˴ǛǍǔƔƸŴ‫ܖ‬ఄȷ‫࠰ܖ‬ȷǯȩǹƴǑƬƯƞǇƟǇưƢŵ
ơƿǜ

Ɯ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ƔƘƴǜ

ǇƑ

Ƙƹ

ᐯЎ Ʒ‫ ܇‬ƲǋƕŴƍƭ ႆ ᘙ ƢǔƷƔǛŴᄩᛐ ƠƯƓƖǇƠǐƏŵЭ ǋƬƯᣐ ǒǕǔƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

ǈ

ơƿǜ

Ɯ

ưƹǜ

Ǉ

ž ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƷȗȭǰȩȠſǛᙸƯƘƩƞƍŵᐯЎƷ‫܇‬ƲǋƷЈဪǇưŴࢳƭƜƱǋƋ
ƱƖ

ǄƔ

Ɯ

Ƣƕƨ

Ơƣ

ǈ

ơǐƏƖǎƏƤƍ

ǓǇƢŵƦƷ଺ƸŴ˂Ʒ‫܇‬Ʋǋƨƪƕƕǜƹǔ ‫ ۋ‬Ǜ᩺ƔƴᙸƯƍǇƠǐƏŵ ɥ ኢ ဃ Ʒ
ƸƬƽǐƏ

ǈ

ơƿǜ

Ɯ

ǂǜƖǐƏ

Ơ

ႆ ᘙ ǛᙸǔƱŴᐯЎƷ‫܇‬ƲǋƕƜǕƔǒƲǜƳƜƱǛ Ѡ ࢍ ƢǔƷƔჷǔƜƱƕưƖǇƢŵ ǁƍƔƍƠƖ ᧍˟ࡸ
ǁƍƔƍƠƖ

ǁƍƔƍƠƖ

ƜƏƪǐƏƤǜƤƍ

ƖǐƏƱƏƤǜƤƍ

ƞƍƝƴŴž᧍˟ࡸſǛƠǇƢŵ᧍˟ࡸưƸŴఄ ᧈ έဃǍ ૙ ᪽ έဃƕƋƍƞƭǛƠǇ
Ɯ

ƩƍƻǐƏ

ƕƬƜƏ

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ầẪẲỠạỊẾỏỢạẦẟ

ẳỠỮỎ

ủỮẲỠạ

ớẵẦ

ểẨ

Ịở

ẶỮẶẟ

ẸạẻỮ

ᾄώ‫ܖ‬፼ႆᘙ˟ộỂỆแͳὉጀ፼ẲềấẪẮểᴾ ᴾ ᴾ ᴾ Ḥ ᩊ Ẳẟ଺ỊଔỜỆέဃỆႻᛩẲộẲỢạẇᴾ
ƤǓƾ

 Өᚺ
ƕƘƠǎƏ ƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

Ɯ

ƸƳ

ƤǓƾ

ƍƑ

Ɠǅ

ƠǎƘƩƍ

ư

 ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ư‫ ܇‬ƲǋƕᛅƢƜƱǍӨᚺǛܼ ưᙾƑƯƘǔƱƍƏ ܿ ᫆ ƕЈ ǔƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵƍƠǐƏƲƏƙ ᘘᘺȷᢊφ
ƔƯƍ

ƻƭǑƏ

ƍƠǐƏ

ƲƏƙ

ơǎǜƼ

 ܼࡊư࣏ᙲƳᘘᘺǍᢊφǛแͳƢǔƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵẨᾅώễỆửბềẟẪỉᾎᴾƜƾƘƦƏ ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ஌ᘺ
ƾƩǜ

ƕƬƜƏ

Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ƾƘƦƏ

ƍ

ƾƘƦƏ

ƓƳ

ƍƠǐƏ

ƕƬƜƏ

Ɩ

ƕ

୍െŴ‫ܖ‬ఄƴᘍƘ஌ᘺƱӷơưƢŵᘘᘺƴƸ‫ܖ‬ఄưბஆƑǇƢŵ ̬ᜱᎍƷ஌ᘺƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

ƠƖƯǜ

ƾƘƦƏ

ƹƠǐ

ǑƝ

ƾƘƦƏ

   ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƸࡸχưƸƋǓǇƤǜŵ஌ᘺǋǫǸȥǢȫƳ஌ᘺưƔǇƍǇƤǜŵƠƔ
ƕƬƜƏ

ǇƳ

ƾƘ

ƸƩ

ǖƠǎƭ

ƓƓ

ƠŴ‫ܖ‬ఄƸž‫ܖ‬ƿ‫ئ‬৑ſưƢŵƨƘƞǜƷ൲ǕƕƭƍƯƍǔ஌ŴǸȣȸǸŴᎻƷᩧЈƕ‫ٶ‬ƾƘƻƔƍ஌ŴȉȬǹƳƲƸ੘ƑǇƠǐƏŵǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǋǋƷ ̬ᜱᎍƷਤƪཋƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍĬ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƷȗȭǰȩȠĭǹȪȃȑ
ĮǫȡȩǍȓȇǪ
Ɯ

Ƣƕƨ

Əƭ

ƹƋƍ

ǋ

ƍ

‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ‫ ۋ‬ǛପƠƨƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸǫȡȩǍȓȇǪǛਤƬƯᘍƖǇƢŵ
ƞƭƑƍ

ǄƔ

Ɣƨ

ơƔǜ

Ƹơ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ơǌǇ



ǫȡȩǍȓȇǪưƷજࢨƸ˂Ʒ૾Ǎ ႆ ᘙ ƷᢲᮂƴƳǒƳƍǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵ


Ịở

ẟ

ᾆώଔỜỆᘍẮạὲᴾƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

Ɩ

ƓƘ

ƍ

Ɯ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ǈ

    ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ ƸൿǇƬƨ଺᧓ƴ‫ڼ‬ǇǓǇƢŵ᡿ǕƯᘍƘƱŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƷ ႆ ᘙ ǛᙸƯ
ƻƱ

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ƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

Ƹơ

ǀǜ

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ƔƍơǐƏ

ƍ

ƍǔʴƷᡕषƴƳƬƯƠǇƏƷưŴ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟Ʒ‫ڼ‬Ǉǔ Ў᳸ЎЭƴƸ ˟ ‫ ئ‬ǁᘍƖǇƠǐƏŵẺᾇώẸỉ˂ᴾƕƘƠǎƏƸƬƽǐƏƔƍ

ƋƍƩ

Ɯ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ʊǋ

ƍƬƠǐ

ƔƭƲƏ

Ɯ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

  Ĭ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ႆ ᘙ ˟ Ʒ ᧓ Ŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƸέဃǍƓӐƩƪƱɟደƴ෇ѣƠǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ႆ ᘙ ƕƓƜǄƝƠǌƤƖ

ƭ

ƍƑ

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ኳǘƬƨƔǒƱƍƬƯŴ‫܇‬ƲǋǛ̬ᜱᎍࠗǁᡲǕƩƠƨǓŴܼǁᡲǕƯ࠙ƬƨǓƠƳƍư
ƘƩƞƍŵ
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ơƔǜ

ƍ

  ĭᆆѣǍȈǤȬƸ ႆ ᘙ Ʊ ႆ ᘙ ƷƋƍƩƷ଺᧓ưᘍƖǇƠǐƏŵ
ƞƭƑƍ

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ƕƬƜƏ

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ƔƘƴǜ

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ƞƭƑƍ

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ƞƭƑƍ ƹ Ơ ǐ

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Ɯ

ƠǇƠǐƏŵજࢨǛƢǔƱƖƸŴൿǊǒǕƨજࢨ‫ئ‬৑ưજࢨƠƨǓŴᐯЎƷ ᪽ Ʒ᭗ƞǛឬ
Ƹǜƍ

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ƻƱ

ƸƬƽǐƏ

ơǌǇ

ƑƳƍር‫׊‬ưજࢨǛƠƨǓƠƯŴ˂ƴᙸƯƍǔʴǍ ႆ ᘙ ƷᢲᮂƴƳǒƳƍǑƏƴƠǇƠ
ǐƏŵ
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ƠƬƺƍ

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į‫܇‬Ʋǋƕ᧓ᢌƑƯ ႆ ᘙ ƠƯƠǇƬƨǓŴ‫ڂ‬૗ƠƯƠǇƏƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵƦƷ଺ƸᝧǊ
ƳǜƲ

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Ƹƛ

ƣƴŴ˴ࡇǋ ጀ ፼ ƠƨƜƱǍǍǓƖƬƨƜƱǛᛐǊŴǄǊƨǓѕǇƠƨǓƠǇƠǐƏŵ85

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OC[FKUVWTDQVJGTUYJQYCVEJEJKNFTGPÞ
URGTHQTOCPEG)QVQVJGXGPWGCVNGCUVVQOKPWVGUDGHQTGVJGUVCTVKPIVKOGᾇώᵫᶇᶑᶁᶃᶊᶊᵿᶌᶃᶍᶓᶑᴾĬ &WTKPI VJG RGTHQTOCPEG FC[ GXGPVU VJG EJKNFTGP CTG VQIGVJGT YKVJ VJGKTVGCEJGTU CPF HTKGPFU 2NGCUG FQ PQV VCMG EJKNFTGP VQ VJG IWCTFKCPUÞUGCVKPI
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86᣼‫ܖٳ‬፼Ǎ ƕ ƍ ƕƘƠǎƏ᣼‫ ܖ ٳ‬፼ ЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵở ầ ẟ ầẪẲỠạ

ờẪềẨƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƶǜƤƍᾀώ᣼‫ܖٳ‬፼ỉႸႎᴾƺƘƾƭ Ɣ

ƸƘǈƬ ƔǍ ƕ ƍ ƕƘƠǎƏ

ƍƍƑƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƸƳ   ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ჯ࠰ဃƸᲫජᲬଐǇƨƸ ජ  ଐƷ᣼‫ ܖ ٳ‬፼ ƴᘍƖǇƢŵܼǍ ‫ܖ ݱ‬ఄǛᩉǕƯŴ
Ǐƨ

Ơƥǜ

ƳƔ

ƠǎƏƩǜƤƍƔƭ

ƨƍƚǜ

Ơ ƥǜ

Ơƨ

Ʊǋ

ƜƏǓǎƏ

ƾƔ

ᝅƔƳᐯ໱ƷɶưƷ ᨼ ‫ ׇ‬ဃ෇Ǜ˳᬴ƢǔƜƱƴǑǓŴᐯ໱ƴᚃƠǈŴӐƩƪƱƷ ʩ ් ǛขǋƘƯƖǊǔƜƱƕႸႎưƢŵểᾁώỄẮỆජộỦỉᾎᴾ
ƛǜƟƍ

ƕƬƜƏ

ƠǐƏƶǜ Ơ ƥ ǜƍƑƠǎƘƸƘ Ơ Ƥ ƭǓǑƏƠ Ƥ ƭ Ƴƍ   ྵ‫נ‬ưƸŴǄƱǜƲƷ‫ܖ‬ఄƕž ‫ ࠰ ݲ‬ᐯ໱ƷܼſƷǑƏƳ ܿ ජ ଀ᚨǛМဇƠǇƢŵ଀ᚨϋ
ƠƖƪ

ƺƘ

ƠǎƘƸƘ

ƨƍƚǜ

Ʒ૤‫ע‬ưŴජƸȆȳȈ ܿ ජ Ǜ˳᬴ƢǔƱƜǖǋƋǓǇƢŵᾂώễỆửẴỦỉᾎᴾǍ ƕ ƍ ƕƘƠǎƏ

ƭƗ

ƔƭƲƏ

ƓƜƳ

   ᣼‫ ܖ ٳ‬፼ ưƸŴഏƷǑƏƳ෇ѣǛ ᘍ ƍǇƢŵ
ƔƭƲƏ

Ǖƍ

  ᳕෇ѣƷ᳗̊
ƱƟǜ

ǍǇ

Ʒǅ

y

Ტႇ‫ޛ‬Უ‫ޛ‬ƴႇǓǇƢŵyᲢǪȪǨȳȆȸȪȳǰᲣǰȫȸȗƝƱƴŴႸҮǛᙸƭƚƳƕǒСᨂ଺᧓ϋƴǴȸȫǛႸ

ǊơǔƠ

ǈ

Ƥƍƛǜ ơ ƔǜƳƍǊƟਦƢǹȝȸȄưƢŵƸǜƝƏƢƍ

ơƿǜ

Ƹǜ

ƨ

Ƽ

ƔƜ

ƠǐƘ ơ

ƭƘ

ƨ

y

Ტ᫨Ⴋ໑ƞǜᲣᐯЎƨƪưƝ᫨Ǜ໑ƍƨǓŴ ᫢ ʙǛ˺ƬƯ᫢ǂǇƢŵyᲢǭȣȳȗȕǡǤȤȸᲣ໭Ɩ້Ǜ‫׊‬ǜưŴǲȸȠǛƠƨǓജǛജƬƨǓƠǇƢŵ

ƨ

Əƨ

Əƨ



Ẩ

ᾃώൢửếẬỦẮểᴾ
y

ƕƬƜƏ

ơ ƥǜ

ǋ

ǋƷ

Ƹƍ ƾ

ƔƘƴǜ

ǘƢ

ǋƷ

ƸǍ

‫ܖ‬ఄƔǒʙЭƴžਤƪཋȪǹȈſƕᣐࠋƞǕǇƢŵǑƘᄩᛐƠƯŴࣔǕཋƷƳƍǑƏƴଔ
ơǎǜ Ƽ

ƠǎƘƸƘ

ƓƓ

ƻƭǑƏ



Ǌƴ แ ͳǛƠǇƠǐƏŵܿ ජƢǔƷưŴ‫ٻ‬ƖƍȐȃǰƕ࣏ᙲưƢŵǭȣǹǿȸƕƭƍƨƔƹǜƸƍƚǇƤǜŵyƜǍ ƕ ƍ ƕƘƠǎƏ

ƨƷ

ƱƏơƭ

ƼǐƏƖ

ǍƢ

‫܇‬ƲǋƸǈǜƳ᣼‫ ܖ ٳ‬፼ ǛƱƯǋಏƠǈƴƠƯƍǇƢŵ࢘ଐŴ၏ൢư˞ǉƜƱƕƳƍǑ
ƨƍƪǐƏ

ƱƱƷ

Əƴ ˳ ᛦ Ǜ ૢ ƑǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵyǍ ƕ ƍ ƕƘƠǎƏ

ƠǎƏƩǜ

ƴǎƏǑƘ

ƠǐƘ ơ

ƠǎƏƖǐƏƯƖǓ ǏƏƨ᣼‫ ܖ ٳ‬፼ ưƸŴ ᨼ ‫ׇ‬ư λ ෘǍ ᫢ ʙǛƠǇƢŵ ‫ ܪ‬૙ ႎƳྸဌǍǢȬȫǮȸư᫢ǂǒ
Ƴƴ

Ơǜƺƍ

ơ ƥǜ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƦƏƩǜ

 

ǕƳƍǋƷƕƋƬƨǓŴ˴Ɣ࣎ᣐƳƜƱƕƋǕƹʙЭƴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵ
y

Ʊ ƪǎƏ

ƨƍƪǐƏ

ǘǔ

ƹ Ƌƍ

Ǆ

Ɲ Ơǌ

ǉƔ

ƔƳǒ

ᡦ ɶ ư ˳ ᛦ ƕफƘƳƬƨ‫ئ‬ӳƴƸŴ̬ᜱᎍƴᡇƑƴƖƯǋǒƏƜƱƴƳǓǇƢŵ࣏ ƣǕǜǒƘᡲዂƕƱǕǔǑƏƴƠƯƓƍƯƘƩƞƍŵ

y

ƘƢǓ

ǋ

ƹƋƍ

ơƥǜ

ƕƬƜƏ

ƱƲ

ư

ƻƭǑƏ

ƕƬƜƏ

ǕǜǒƘ

ǋ

ᕤ ǛਤƨƤǔ‫ئ‬ӳƸʙЭƴ‫ܖ‬ఄƴ‫ފ‬ƚЈƕ࣏ᙲưƢŵ‫ܖ‬ఄƴᡲዂƤƣƴਤƨƤƯƸƍƚ


ǇƤǜŵ
87

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1WVFQQT'FWECVKQP +H[QWJCXGCP[EQPEGTPQTCP[VJKPI[QWFQPQVWPFGTUVCPFRNGCUGVCNMVQVJGVGCEJGTᾀώᴾ ᵮᶓᶐᶎᶍᶑᶃᴾᶍᶄᴾᶒᶆᶃᴾᶍᶓᶒᶂᶍᶍᶐᴾᶃᶂᶓᶁᵿᶒᶇᶍᶌᴾ   VJ ITCFGTU IQ VQ QPG PKIJV VYQ FC[U QT VYQ PKIJVU VJTGG FC[U QWVFQQTGFWECVKQP2WTRQUGQHVJGQWVFQQTGFWECVKQPKUHQTVJGUVWFGPVUVQDGCYC[HTQOJQOGGZRGTKGPEGITQWRNKHGUWTTQWPFGFD[PCVWTGCPFUVTGPIVJGPVJGHTKGPFUJKRD[GZRGTKGPEGNKXKPIKPCITQWRKPCTKEJPCVWTCNGPXKTQPOGPVᾁώᵵᶆᶃᶐᶃᴾᶒᶍᴾᶑᶒᵿᶗᵝᴾ   /QUVUEJQQNUWUGNQFIKPIHCEKNKVKGUUWEJCUß5JQWPGP5JK\GPPQ+G %JKNFTGPÞU
EGPVGT à 5QOG OC[ GZRGTKGPEG ECOR KP C VGPV HQT C PKIJV YKVJKP VJG HCEKNKV[ÞU
EQORQWPF
ᾂώᵵᶆᵿᶒᴾᶂᶍᴾᶒᶆᶃᶗᴾᶂᶍᵝᴾ   5VWFGPVUGZRGTKGPEGVJGHQNNQYKPICEVKXKVKGU  ᳕'ZCORNGU᳗y%NKODKPI *KNNENKODKPIy
1TKGPVGGTKPI +VKUCURQTVVQEQORGVGKPITQWRUCPFHKPFNCPFOCTMUYKVJKPVJG
NKOKVGFVKOG
y*CPIQW5WKUCP %QQMKPITKEGKPCECORKPIRQVQXGTVJGHKTG %QQMKPITKEGD[VJGOUGNXGUYKVJECORKPIRQVEQQMCPFGCVVQIGVJGT y%CORHKTG 5KVCTQWPFVJGHKTGRNC[ICOGUCPFUKPIUQPIUᾃώᴾ ᵲᶆᶇᶌᶅᶑᴾᶒᶍᴾᶌᶍᶒᶃᴾ
y

y
y

y
y

ß.KUV QH DGNQPIKPIU TGSWKTGF VQ DTKPIà YKNN DG FKUVTKDWVGF HTQO UEJQQN KP
CFXCPEG2NGCUGOCMGUWTGVQEJGEMCPFRTGRCTGVJGKVGOUKPCJGCFUQ[QWFQ
PQVJCXGVJKPIUVQHQTIGV$KIDCIKUPGGFGFVQDTKPIUNGGRQXGTKVGOU$CIUQPYJGGNUKUPQVCNNQYGF
%JKNFTGPCTGNQQMKPIHQTYCTFVQVJGQWVFQQTGFWECVKQPFC[2NGCUGCFLWUVVJG
RJ[UKECNEQPFKVKQPUQVJCVVJG[YKNNPQVOKUUKVFWGVQKNNPGUU%JKNFTGPVCMGDCVJCPFGCVKPCITQWRFWTKPIQWVFQQTGFWECVKQP+H[QWJCXGCP[ EQPEGTPU UWEJ CU VJKPIU [QW CTG PQV CDNG VQ CNNQYGF VQ GCV FWG VQ
TGNKIKQWUTGCUQPUQTDGKPICNNGTIKEVQEGTVCKPHQQFRNGCUGEQPUWNVVJGVGCEJGTKP
CFXCPEG+HVJGEJKNFDGEQOGUKNNFWTKPIVJGQWVFQQTGFWECVKQPVJGIWCTFKCPUPGGFVQ
EQOGVQVCMGJKOJGT/CMGUWTG[QWECPDGEQPVCEVGFCP[VKOG
+HVJGEJKNFPGGFUVQDTKPIOGFKEKPG[QWOWUVTGRQTVKVVQVJGUEJQQNKPCFXCPEG
+VKUPQVCNNQYGFVQDTKPIOGFKEKPGYKVJQWVTGRQTVKPI

88̲‫ܖ‬଄ᘍ

ƠǎƏƕƘǓǐƜƏ̲ ‫ ܖ‬଄ᘍЎƔǒƳƍƜƱǍ‫׉‬ƬƨƜƱƕƋƬƨǒŴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵẲỠạầẪ ụ Ợ Ắ ạờẪềẨƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƶǜƤƍᾀώ̲‫ܖ‬଄ᘍỉႸႎƺƘ ƾƭ ƔƠǎƏƕƘǓǐƜƏ

ƍƠǎƏƕƘ ǓǐƜƏ

ƋƦ

ƍ

ǕƖƠ

ƿǜƔ

   ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ჰ࠰ဃƸŴᲫජᲬଐƷ ̲ ‫ ܖ‬଄ᘍƴᘍƖǇƢŵ ̲ ‫ ܖ‬଄ᘍƸᢂƼƴᘍƘƷưƸƋǓ
ƿǜƔƯƖ ƍ ƞ ǜ

ƚǜƕƘ

ưǜƱƏ

ƴǄǜ

ƨƍ

ƔǜƠǜ

ǇƤǜŵ૨҄ႎᢡငƳƲǛᙸ‫ܖ‬ƠˡወƴƾǕǔƜƱƴǑǓŴଐஜƷഭӪǍ૨҄ƴ‫ݣ‬Ƣǔ᧙࣎
ƾƔ

ǋƘƯƖ

ǛขǊǔƜƱƕႸႎưƢŵểᾁώỄẮỆජộỦỉᾎᴾ
ǓǐƔǜ

ǈǜƠǎƘ

ƠǎƘƸƘ Ơ Ƥ ƭƱƠǎƘƸƘ Ơ Ƥ ƭ

ƠǎƏƩǜ

Ƌƞ

ƹǜ

ƠǐƘơ

   țȆȫǍ଄᫾Ŵൟ ܿ ƳƲƷ ܿ ජ ଀ᚨƴජǇǓǇƢŵܿ ජ ଀ᚨưƸ ᨼ ‫ ׇ‬ưஔȷୌƷ᫢ʙƴǎƏǑƘƠǎƏƖǐƏƯƖ

ǓǏƏ

ƨ

Ơǜƺƍ

Ǎ λ ෘ ǛƠǇƢŵ ‫ ܪ‬૙ ႎ ƳྸဌǍǢȬȫǮȸư᫢ǂǒǕƳƍǋƷƕƋƬƨǓŴ࣎ᣐƳƜǓǐƜƏǇƑ

ƤǜƤƍƦƏƩǜƱƕƋǕƹ଄ᘍЭƴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵẟᾂώỄẮỆᘍẪỉᾎᴾ
ƋƍƪƚǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƍƞƖǕƍ   ᳕ग़ჷჄƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷᘍƖέƷ̊ưƢŵ᳗yƖǐƏƱƖǑǈƣưǒ

ƖǜƔƘơ

ƗǜƔƘơ

Ƴ

ǒ

Ƴ

ǒ ƜƏƑǜ

ƱƏƩƍơ

ǈ

Ƒ

ƍ

Ƥ ơǜƙƏ

Ơƴ ơǐƏơǐƏ

ʮᣃ᳕ฌ൦‫ݢ‬Ŵ᣿᧚‫ݢ‬Ŵ᤼᧚‫ݢ‬Ŵʚ வ ؉ ƳƲ᳗ǄƏǓǎƏơy‫ډ‬ᑣ᳕‫ډ‬ᑣπ‫ט‬Ŵி‫ݢٻ‬Ŵඥᨙ‫ݢ‬ƳƲ᳗yɤ᣻᳕˙ѬᅕܷŴ࣓ઊǹȚǤȳ஭Ŵᯓ፶൦ଈ᫾ƳƲ᳗

Ǉ

ǉǒ

Ʊ

ƹ ƢƍƧƘƔǜẨᾃώൢửếẬỦẮểᴾ
y

ƍƪƲ

ƨƕƘ

ƠǎƬƽ

ƞ

ƠǎƏƕƘǓǐƜƏƩƍ

ǇƍƭƖƍƬƯƍ

ƖǜƕƘƱƏơƭ ƼǐƏƖ

ǍƢ

ƠǎƏƖǜ

ƭ

ƨ

ɟࡇƴ‫ٶ‬᫇ƷЈᝲǛᢤƚǔƨǊŴ ̲ ‫ܖ‬଄ᘍˊƱƠƯ൑உɟ‫ܭ‬Ʒ᣿᫇Ǜ ᨼ ᣿ ƠᆢǈᇌƯ
Ǒƞǜ

ƔƘǄ

ǛƢǔƜƱƕƋǔƷưʖምǛᄩ̬ƠǇƠǐƏŵyƜƠǎƏƕƘ ǓǐƜƏƨƷ‫ ܇‬ƲǋƸǈǜƳ ̲ ‫ ܖ‬଄ᘍ Ǜಏ ƠǈƴƠƯƍǇƢŵ࢘ଐ ၏ൢ ư˞ ǉƜƱƕƳƍǑƏƴ
ƨƍƪǐƏ

ƱƱƷ

˳ ᛦ Ǜ ૢ ƑǔǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵyơƥǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

Ƹƍ ƾ

ǋ

ǋƷ

ƸǍ

ǋ

ǋƷ

ơǎǜƼ

ʙЭƴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưᣐࠋƞǕǔਤƪཋȪǹȈǛȁǧȃǯƠŴଔǊƴਤƪཋƷแͳǛƠǇƠǐ
ƠǎƘƸƘ

ƓƓ

ƻƭǑƏ

Əŵܿ ජ ƢǔƷưŴ‫ٻ‬ƖƍȐȃǰƕ࣏ᙲưƢŵǭȣǹǿȸƕƭƍƨƔƹǜƸƍƚǇƤǜŵ
y

ơǜơǌ

ƿƬƔƘ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƦƏƩǜ

ƱƪǎƏ

ƨƍƪǐƏ

ƚǜƕƘ

ƠǎƏƖǐƏƯƖ

Ǔ ǏƏ

ƚǜƕƘ

ƹƋƍ

ơƥǜ

ᅕᅈȷʿ᧚Ǜᙸ‫ܖ‬ƢǔƜƱƕƋǔƷưŴ ‫ ܪ‬૙ ႎ Ƴྸဌưᙸ‫ܖ‬ưƖƳƍ‫ئ‬ӳƴƸʙЭƴέဃƴႻᛩƠǇƠǐƏŵ

y

ǘǔ

ƱƖ

ƖǜƖǎƏ ơ

ƔƳǒ

ǕǜǒƘ

Ǆ

Ɲ Ơǌ

ǕǜǒƘ

Ʊ



ᡦɶư ˳ ᛦ ƕफƘƳƬƨ଺Ǎ ዬ ࣯ ଺ƴ ࣏ ƣᡲዂƕƋǓǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƸᡲዂƕӕǕǔǑƏƴƠƯƓƍƯƘƩƞƍŵ
y

ƜƮƔ

ǋ

ƕƬƜƏ

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Ɩ

ƓǍƭǍ‫ݱ‬ᢔƍǛਤƬƯƍƘƜƱƕưƖǔ‫ܖ‬ఄƕ‫ٶ‬ƍưƢŵƠƔƠ᣿᫇ƕൿǇƬƯƍǇ
ƖƕƘƍơǐƏ

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90

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ᾀώҡಅࡸẾềễỆᾎᴾƦƭƗǐƏƠƖ

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ǘ

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ƓɭᛅƴƳƬƨ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƨƪƱƓКǕǛƢǔࡸưƢŵƦƭƗǐƏƠƖҡ ಅ ࡸ ƸŴ ‫ ܪ‬૙ ႎ ƳᘍʙưƸƋǓǇƤǜŵ  ᾁώẟếẴỦỉᾎᴾƦƭƗǐƏƠƖƕƭƓƜƳ   ҡ ಅ ࡸ ƸŴᲭஉƝǖƴ ᘍ ǘǕǇƢŵƴǄǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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ƓƜƳ

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ƠǎƬƤƖƾƘƓƓƴǜƣƏ

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  ᳕දॖ᳗ᅑ༵൐ƳƲᚃীǛԃǊƨ‫ٻ‬ʴૠưƷӋьƸᄩᛐƠǇƠǐƏŵǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƦƭƗǐƏƠƖƞǜƔƔƧƘǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ ƍƕƍƻƱ   ̬ᜱᎍƕҡ ಅ ࡸ ƴӋьƢǔܼଈƸŴ̬ᜱᎍˌ‫ٳ‬ƷʴᲢƓơƍƞǜȷƓƹƋƞǜȷƓơƞƦƭƗǐƏƠƖ

ƞǜƔ

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ƤǜƤƍ

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ƦƭƗǐƏ

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ƦƭƗǐƏ

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ƦƭƗǐƏƠǐƏƠǐǘƨ   ఄ ᧈ έဃƔǒŴ ҡ ಅ Ƣǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƴŴ ҡ ಅ ᚰ ୿ ƕบƞǕǇƢŵƖǐƏƍƘ ƍ ƍ ǜ Ɣ ƍǒƍƻǜƖǐƏƍƘ ƍ ƍ ǜ Ɣ ƍ

ǒƍƻǜ

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Ɣƨ

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ƦƭƗǐƏ

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   ҡ ಅ Ƣǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƕŴജǛƏƨƍǇƢŵƜƷଐƷƨǊƴജƷ ጀ ፼ ǛƠƯƍǇƢŵ
91

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92

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ƦƭƗǐƏƤƍ

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ƦƭƗǐƏƤƍ

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Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌƠǌƠǜƱ   ҡ ಅ Ƣǔ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪŴέဃŴ̬ᜱᎍǈǜƳưϙჇǛજǓǇƢŵ

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ǫȡȩǍȓȇǪưƷજࢨƸ˂Ʒ૾ƷᢲᮂƴƳǒƳƍǑƏƴƠǇƠǐƏŵẺᾅώẸỉ˂ᴾƸǍƍ ଔǊƴᘍƜƏᲛƦƭƗǐƏƠƖ

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ƦƭƗǐƏƠƖƸơƾǜҡ ಅ ࡸ ưƸŴ‫ڼ‬Ǉǔ଺᧓ǍŴȗȭǰȩȠƕൿǇƬƯƍǇƢŵҡ ಅ ࡸ ƕ‫ڼ‬Ǉǔ ЎǄǇƑƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

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93

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ǑǅƏᲭᲨज़ ௨ ၐ Ǜʖ᧸ƠǑƏᲛƍƑƔǜƤǜƠǐƏ

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113

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114

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ƨƍƓƏƹƋƍƠǐƏŵưƖǔƩƚӕǓᨊ ƍƯǋǒƑǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢƕŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ư‫ࣖݣ‬ƠƖǕƳƍ‫ئ‬ӳƸŴǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƖǐƏǓǐƘ

ƻǂǜƱƏǋ̬ᜱᎍƴ ң щ ƠƯƍƨƩƖŴƦƷଐƸƓࡰ࢘ǛਤƬƯƍƘƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵ






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ᾀώܼࡊỉᚕᓶỉ‫ٻ‬ЏẰᴾƜƍǇǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƳƴ ƝƸƳƠǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǅƝƴ Ǆǜ Ɲ

‫܇‬ƲǋƸʻŴ̬ᜱᎍƱ˴ᛖưƓ ᛅ ƠƯƍǇƢƔᲹ̬ᜱᎍƷ൐ᛖưƢƔᲹƦǕƱǋଐஜᛖưƢ
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ƴƔᲹ‫܇‬ƲǋƴƱƬƯܼࡊưᛅƢᚕᓶƸƱƯǋ‫ٻ‬ЏưƢŵܼࡊưƷᚕᛖƕ җ ЎᏋƬƯƍǔƱŴଐ
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ƸƳஜᛖǋǑƘᏋƭƱᚕǘǕƯƍǇƢŵଐஜᛖǛଔƘ ɥ ᢋƞƤƨƍƱ࣬ƬƯܼࡊưǋଐஜᛖǛᛅƢ
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ƸƳƓǋᛅǛƢǔᚕᓶǛ ‫ ڂ‬ƏƱƸƲƏƍƏƜƱưƠǐƏᲹଐஜᛖƩƚᛅƤǕƹƍƍƱ࣬ƍǇƢƔᲹƜǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌǘƔǜƨǜƴ Ǆǜ ƝƔƍ ǘƪǎƏƕƘƤƍ

‫܇‬ƲǋƷƜǖƸ̬ᜱᎍƷЎƔǔቇҥƳଐஜᛖư˟ᛅƕưƖǔƔǋƠǕǇƤǜŵƠƔƠŴɶ ‫ܖ‬ဃŴƜƏƜƏƤƍƤƍƪǐƏǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

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Ɯƨƍǁǜ ƾ ƋǜƯƍƤƍƠǜơǐƏƨƍ

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ᎋ ƑƨǓƢǔƨǊƷᚕᛖщƕ࣏ᙲƱƳǓǇƢᲢ̊ᲴžஙſЍžᐯ໱ſăž ࿢ ‫ ؾ‬ſᲣŵ൐ᛖƕ җ Ў

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ƠƕƍƶǜǈƖ੭ƑǔƜƱưྸᚐƢǔƜƱƕưƖǇƢƕŴ൐ᛖưǋଐஜᛖưǋჷǒƳƍಒࣞǛ៲ƴƭƚǔƱ
Ɯ

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ƴ Ǆ ǜ ƝƍƏƜƱƸŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƴƱƬƯƱƯǋ‫٭ٻ‬ƳƜƱưƢŵ൐ᛖǛƠƬƔǓ ፼ ࢽ ƞƤǔƔଐஜᛖưƷ
ƖǐƏƍƘ

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ƖǐƏƍƘ

Ɣǜ

ƕƘƠǎƏƔƭƲƏ

ƜƏǄƏƔƭƲƏ

ƿǜƔƯŴƍǖƍǖƳ‫ۀ‬Ճ˟ǛᢃփƠƯƍƖǇƢŵ૙ Ꮛ ƴ᧙Ƣǔ ‫ ܖ‬፼ ෇ѣǍ࠼‫෇إ‬ѣŴ૨҄ȷǹƔƭƲƏƖǐƏƍƘ Ơ Ɩ ǜ Ƌƭ

ƓƜƳ

Ơǎƞƍ

ƗǐƏơ

ƔƭƲƏ

ǍƘƍǜ

ƖƔƘ

ȝȸȄ෇ѣŴ૙ Ꮛ ᝻᣿ᨼǊƳƲǛ ᘍ ƍǇƢŵ26# ƕɼ͵ƢǔᘍʙǍ෇ѣƸŴࢫՃƕ˖ဒƠŴǇƍƔƍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƱƓǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ ƥǜƍǜ

ƋǜƳƍ

ƱƲ

ƠƝƱ

ǍƢ

൑‫ ܖ ݱ ׅ‬ఄ ǛᡫƠƯ̬ᜱᎍμՃƴకϋƕ‫ފ‬ƖǇƢŵ
ƔƭƲƏ

Ƣǂ

ǉǄƏƠǎƏƞǜƔ   26# Ʒ෇ѣƸμƯ໯‫إ‬ᣛưƢŵˁʙǛ˞ǜưӋьƠƳƚǕƹƳǒƳƍƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵ
ƔƭƲƏ

Ƣǂ

Ɯ

ƖǐƏƍƘ

ƠƑǜ

ƔƭƲƏ

ƠƔƠŴƦƷ෇ѣƸμƯ‫܇‬ƲǋƨƪƷ ૙ Ꮛ ǛૅੲƢǔ෇ѣƴƭƳƕƬƯƍǇƢŵ

ẫẺẟềẨ

ẦếỄạ

ᾁώφ˳ႎỆỄỮễ෇ѣầẝỦỉᾎᴾƔƭƲƏƳƍǑƏ

ƔƘƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

Ǖƍ

ƍ

Ɣ

ƔƭƲƏ

   ෇ѣϋܾƸӲ ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴǑǓǇƢŵ̊ƱƠƯŴˌɦƷǑƏƳ෇ѣƕƋǓǇƢŵ ūȐǶȸ
ƔƘƔƯƍ

ƾǑƏƻǜ

ơƿǜ

ƾǑƏƻǜ

ǄƔ

ƻƱ

Ɣ

ƪ

ǋ

   ӲܼࡊƷɧဇԼᲢᐯЎƴƱƬƯƸɧဇԼƩƕŴ˂ƷʴƴƱƬƯƸ̖͌ƷƋǔǋƷᲣǛਤƪ
Ǒ

Ƹǜƹƍ

ƏǓƋ

ƖǐƏƍƘ

ƾǑƏƻǜ

Ƌƭ

ǍƘƩ

ƠƖǜ

ƠǑƏ

݃Ǔᝤ٥ƠǇƢŵ٥ɥƛƸ ૙ Ꮛ ƴࢫᇌƯǔ᝻᣿ƱƠƯ̅ဇƞǕǇƢŵ
ƔƘƔƯƍ

Ƹơ

ƻƱ

ƶƾƩ

ƴǜƖ

ƓƓ

  ǇƣƸӲܼࡊƷɧဇԼǛᨼǊǔƱƜǖƔǒ‫ڼ‬ǇǓǇƢŵƦƠƯɟƭƻƱƭƴ͌஝ǛƭƚŴ
Ƹǜƹƍ

ơǎǜƼ

ᝤ٥ƷแͳǛƠǇƢŵ
ƱƏơƭ

Ə

ƕǘ

ƞƗǐƏ

ƻƱ

Ɣ

   ȐǶȸ࢘ଐƴƸŴ٥ǔͨƱƠƯ˺ಅǛƠǇƢŵȐǶȸƸƱƯǋʴൢƳƷưŴ‫ٶ‬ƘƷʴƕᝰƖƍƴஹǇƢŵƸƍƻǜƔƍƠǎƏ ūࡑԼ ‫ ׅ‬ӓ 
ƕƬƘ

ƔƘƔƯƍ

Ƹƍƻǜ

Ƌƭ

ƗǐƏƠǌ

ƔƍƠǎƏ

ƍǒƍ

ƔƍƠǎƏ

   ‫ܖ‬ғƷӲܼࡊƔǒȪǵǤǯȫưƖǔࡑԼǛᨼǊŴ ಅ ᎍ ƴ ‫ ׅ‬ӓ Ǜ̔᫂ƠǇƢŵ ‫ ׅ‬ӓ ƞǕ
ǓǐƏ

ƗǐƏƠǌ

Ɣƶ

Ə

Ʊ

Ə

Ʊ

Ɣƶ

ƖǐƏƍƘ

ǍƘƩ

ƠƖǜ

ƨ ᣽ ƴǑƬƯŴ ಅ ᎍ ƔǒƓ᣿ǛӖƚӕǓǇƢŵӖƚӕƬƨƓ᣿Ƹ ૙ Ꮛ ƴࢫᇌƯǔ᝻᣿ƱƠǑƏƠƯ̅ဇƞǕǇƢŵ
ƕƬƘ

Ɣƨƕƨ

Ƹƍƻǜ ƔƍƠǎƏ

ƖǐƏǓǐƘ

ƶƕ

Ƹơ

Ƹƍƻǜ

   ǇƣƸ‫ܖ‬ғ Ʒ૾ŷ ƴࡑԼ ‫ ׅ‬ӓ ǁƷƝ ң щ ǛƓᫍ ƍƢǔƱƜǖƔǒ‫ ڼ‬ǇǓǇƢŵࡑԼ
ƔƍƠǎƏ

ƴƪơ

ƜƏǄƏ

ƔƍƠǎƏƱƏơƭ

ƞƗǐƏ

ƓƓ

ƹƋƍ

Ʋƴƪ

ǍƢ

ƻ

‫ ׅ‬ӓ Ʒଐ଺Ʒ࠼‫إ‬Ŵ‫ ׅ‬ӓ ࢘ଐƷ˺ಅƳƲƕƋǓǇƢŵ‫ٶ‬ƘƷ‫ئ‬ӳŴ‫ם‬ଐƳƲƷ˞ǈƷଐƴƓƜƳᘍ ǘǕǇƢŵởẪẟỮᾂώࢫՃỆễẾẺỤỄạẲợạὉὉὉᴾƴ Ǆ ǜ Ɲ

ǘ

ƔƭƲƏ

ƞǜƔ

   ଐஜᛖƕЎƔǒƳƍƔǒƱƍƬƯŴ26# Ʒ෇ѣƴӋьƠƳƘƯǋƍƍƱƍƏǘƚưƸƋ
ƕƍƜƘơǜǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ǍƘƍǜ

ǘ

Ǉǘ

ƻƱ

ǓǇƤǜŵ‫׎ٳ‬ʴƷ̬ᜱᎍưǋࢫՃǛƢǔƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵЎƔǒƳƍƱƖƴƸԗǓƷʴƴƨƢƾ Ʃ ǜ ƔƔƋǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍяƚƯǋǒƑƹƍƍƷưƢŵ୍െ᧙ǘǓӳƏƜƱƷƳƍ̬ᜱᎍǍ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƱǳȟȥȋ
ƖƔƍƜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ǑƏƢ

Ơ

ƖƔƍ

ǱȸǷȧȳǛƱǔƜƱƷưƖǔೞ˟ưǋƋǓǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƷಮ‫܇‬Ǜჷǔೞ˟ǋƾƤƬƖǐƘƯƖ

ƞǜƔ‫ف‬ƑǇƢŵᆢ ಊ ႎ ƴӋьƠƯǈǇƠǐƏŵ137

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Ɯ‫܇‬ƲǋƷƨǊƴᴾẲỢạầẾẮạ ẶẟẦế

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ᾀώ‫ܖݱ‬ఄဃ෇ửಏẲẪᢅắẴẺỜỆὉὉὉƜǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƸơƴǄǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƤƍƔƭ

Ƹơ

ƾƋǜ

Ɣǜ

   ƞƊŴƍǑƍǑ‫܇‬ƲǋƴƱƬƯǋ̬ᜱᎍƴƱƬƯǋИǊƯƷଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ဃ෇ƕ‫ڼ‬ǇǓƜƴǄǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƔǑƨƷǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƸଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴᡫƏƜƱǛಏƠǈƴƠƯƍǇƢƔᲹƦǕƱǋɧ‫ܤ‬ƴज़ơƯƍǇƢƔᲹ
Ɵǜƶǜ

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ơǎƗǐƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƸƳ

   സࣞƳƕǒಏƠƍƜƱƹƔǓưƸƳƍƔǋƠǕǇƤǜŵ ੉ ಅ ưέဃƷᛅƠƯƍǔƜƱƕ
ǓƔƍ

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ǅƜƘ

ྸᚐưƖƳƘƯŴ Ѡ ࢍ ƕЎƔǒƳƘƳƬƯƠǇƏƜƱǋƋǓǇƢŵ൐‫׎‬ưƸǍƬƨƜƱƷ
ƦƏơƖǎƏƠǐƘƱƏƹǜ

ƖǎƏƳƍੈᨊǍ ዅ ᫢ ࢘ဪƳƲǛ ࣯ ƴǍǒƞǕƯŴƱǇƲƬƯƠǇƏƜƱǋƋǔƔǋƠǕǇƤǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌƴǄǜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƚƍƚǜ

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Ǉƍƴƪ

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ƠǐƏ

Ɨǋǜ

Ɯƨ

ǜŵ̬ᜱᎍǋଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ʒኺ᬴ƕƳƚǕƹ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ൑ଐƷɶư ဃ ơǔွբƴሉƑƯƋƛ
ǉƣƔ

Ɯ

ƸƳƠ

Ɩ

ƾƋǜ

Ɩ

ǋ

ǔƜƱǋ ᩊ ƠƍưƢǑƶŵưǋŴǇƣƸ‫܇‬ƲǋƷ ᛅ ǛƠƬƔǓƱᎥƍƯŴɧ‫ܤ‬ƳൢਤƪǛ
Ə

Ʊ

Ɯ

ƾƋǜ

Ɠǋ

Ǆ Ɲ Ơ ǌǘӖƚഥǊƯƋƛƯƘƩƞƍŵƦƠƯŴ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕɧ‫ܤ‬ƴ࣬ƬƯƍǔƜƱǍ̬ᜱᎍƕЎƔǒƳƍƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƤǜƤƍ

ƦƏƩǜ

Ɩ

ƜƱƸƲǜƲǜ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƷέဃƴႻᛩƠƨǓŴᎥƍƨǓƠǇƠǐƏŵ
ƤǜƤƍ

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ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƤƍƔƭ

ƕƍƜƘ

Ɩ

Ɯ

ƾƋǜ

Ɠǋ

ƿǜƔ

ƪƕ

   έဃǋଐஜƷ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ဃ෇ưŴ‫׎ٳ‬Ɣǒஹƨ‫܇‬Ʋǋƕɧ‫ܤ‬ƴ࣬ƏƜƱǍŴ૨҄ƷᢌƍƴƭƦƏƧƏǄ Ɲ Ơ ǌ

ƤǜƤƍ

Ɯ

ƍƬƠǐ

ƞƞ

ƍƯŴे΂ƠƖǕƳƍƜƱƕƋǓǇƢŵ̬ᜱᎍƱέဃƕ‫܇‬ƲǋǛɟደƴૅƑƯƍƚǔǑƏƴŴ
ƤƬƖǐƘƯƖᆢ ಊ ႎ ƴǳȟȥȋǱȸǷȧȳǛƱǓǇƠǐƏŵ
Ɯ

ƾƋǜ

Ʒ

Ɯ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƨƷǂǜƖǐƏƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƤƍƔƭƖ   ‫܇‬ƲǋƸɧ‫ܤ‬ǛʈǓឭƑƯŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƕಏƠǈƴƳǔƱŴ Ѡ ࢍ ǋ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ဃ෇ǋǍǔൢǛ
Ɯ

Ǆǜƴǜ

Ɩ

ƍƪƹǜ

ƤƍƪǐƏ

ǋƬƯƕǜƹǕǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋஜʴƷǍǔൢƕɟဪƷ ঺ ᧈ ƴƭƳƕǓǇƢŵộẟỆẼ ẲỢạầẾẮạ

Ầợ

ẺẟẶế

ᾁώ൑ଐ‫ܖݱ‬ఄỆᡫạẮểầ‫ٻ‬ЏỂẴẇᴾ
ƴǄǜƜƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƪǎƏƕƬƜƏ

Ɨǉ ƖǐƏƍƘ

ƏƞƍǏƏƤǜ   ଐஜưƸ‫܇‬ƲǋƴƱƬƯŴ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ Ǎɶ ‫ ܖ‬ఄ ư፯Ѧ ૙ Ꮛ ǛӖƚǔƜƱƕஇΟέƞǕǇƢŵ
ƨƍƪǐƏ

ǘǔ

ƍƕƍ

ƕƬƜƏ

ǍƢ

Ɣ

ơ

ƓƱƏƱ

ƍǋƏƱ

Ƥ

ǘ

˳ ᛦ ƕफƍƱƖˌ‫ٳ‬Ƹ‫ܖ‬ఄǛ˞ǈǇƤǜŵܼʙǛƢǔƨǊǍ ࢂ Ǎ ‫ ڶ‬ƷɭᛅǛƢǔƨǊ
ǍƢ

ƱƪǎƏ

ƠǐƏƕƬƜƏƤƍƔƭ

Ʊ

Ɨ

Ɯ

ƴ˞ǉƜƱƸƋǓǇƤǜŵᡦɶư‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ဃ෇ƕᡦЏǕƯƠǇƏƜƱƷƳƍǑƏƴŴ‫܇‬ƲǋƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ƚƍƧƘ

ƔǑ

ƔǜƖǐƏ

ƱƱƷ

ƕ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ƴዒዓƠƯᡫƑǔ ࿢ ‫ ؾ‬Ǜ ૢ ƑǇƠǐƏŵ

ẨỢạẟẪ

ẦỈ

ᾂώ૙ᏋỆẦẦỦấ᣿ᴾƜƏǓƭƠǐƏƕƬƜƏ

ơǎƗǐƏǓǐƏ

ǇƍƭƖƖǎƏ ƠǐƘƻƠǎƏƕƘǓǐƜƏ

ƑǜƦƘƚǜ ƕ Ƙ ƻ   πᇌ ‫ ܖ ݱ‬ఄ ưƸ ੉ ಅ ૰ ƸƔƔǓǇƤǜƕŴ൑ உ ዅ ᫢ᝲǍ ̲ ‫ ܖ‬଄ᘍȷᢒឱȷᙸ‫ᝲܖ‬ƳƠǎƏƖǜƴǎƏƕƘ ơƜƏǓƭƕƬƜƏ

ƴǎƏƕƘƖǜ

ƻƭǑƏ

ƤƍƾƘ

ƲƷ ᨼ ᣿ ƕƋǓǇƢŵ λ ‫଺ ܖ‬ǋπᇌ‫ܖ‬ఄƸ λ ‫ ܖ‬᣿Ƹ࣏ᙲƋǓǇƤǜƕŴС஌ǍǫȐȳŴ
ƨƍƦƏƾƘ

ƕƘǑƏƻǜ

Ɣ

Ʀǖ

ƖǜƕƘ

ƻƭǑƏ

Ɯ

ǇƍƭƖ

˳દ஌Ŵ‫ܖ‬ဇԼǛᝰƍ੤ƑǔƨǊƴǇƱǇƬƨ᣿᫇ƕ࣏ᙲƴƳǓǇƢŵ‫܇‬ƲǋƷƨǊƴ൑உƖǐƏƍƘƻ

ƔƘǄƔƧƘƚƍƟƍƯƖ

ǓǏƏ

ƠƸǒ

ƜǜƳǜ

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‫صصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصص‬‫‪৵৾ૅफ़ॖॻঈॵॡ‬‬‫ع‪ஶୁග‬ع‬‫صصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصص‬‫‪ া ੂග৅ষ‬ڭ‪ফ‬ڳ ‪਴ਛ‬‬‫   ‪ਆઠ ઉၸ‬؟‪૰ ఊ‬‬‫‪঒‬ش‪५ঝ‬ش‪ఎੴઇ୘প৾ ਗবযుญেെ੍ରজ९‬؟‪ౣ ૐ‬‬‫‪঒‬ش‪५ঝ‬ش‪ఎੴઇ୘প৾ ਗবযుญেെ੍ରজ९‬؟‪৅ষਚ‬‬‫ڭ‪ ఎੴ਩࿘દ৘੩নદ঴ઁ૕‬ٿ    ‬‫ ;‪    7(/)$‬‬‫‪঒ছ‬ش‪ઙૄভ঺॥‬؟‪ഀླྀਚ‬‬‫گँ‪ ว໣৘ਕ୽शॉ॒धळ‬ٿ    ‬‫؟‪    7(/‬‬‫صصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصصص‬‫؛‪ૡ୼॑రगऽघ‬؞୼‪মછभ৸৖ऽञम঳৖भ੾ਹ৯৓पेॊ૮૵ള‬‬