INFRASTRUCTURE RESILIENCE: A FRAMEWORK FOR ASSESSMENT, MANAGEMENT AND GOVERNANCE
Core Infrastructure Resilience Elements

System Assessment:
Hazard Strike

LegendProcesses
Tools
Outcomes

Core Community Resilience Elements

Dependencies on othersystem performances

A Poisson processwith rate lleading to an incident
occurrence

A – Community without a disasterB – Community with a disaster and no insurance
B’ – Community with a disaster and insurance
C – Community with an earlier disasterr5 r6

Recovery event definitions:r1. E. better than new
r2. E. as good as new
r3. E. better than old
r4. E. as good as old
r5. As good as oldr6. Worse than old
E. = Expeditiously

bRobustness, i.e., residualperformance (Qr)
Estimatedperformancewith aging
effects

Disruption duration DTd
Recovery duration DTr
Failure duration DTf
Tr = Time to recovery
Tf = Time to failure
Ti = Time to incident

Bdatf

trca.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Organizational and Technical
Direct failure
impacts

Potable Water
Fuel
Shelter
Transportation
Toilets

80

Percent of Households

0100

Rapid recovery,
increased income andstandard of living

B60aTime
Indirect impactsincluding loss ofperformance

APort APort B

A80

Slow recovery, decreased
income and standard ofliving

40

Not to scaletiRecovery
costs

100CBe00

A
B’Eventf3
f1 f2

Performanceafter recovery

Number of Assets

Performance (Q):Failure event definitions:f1. Brittle
f2. Ductile
f3. Graceful

r1
r2
r3
r4

Community Wellbeing

Performance“as new”
TargetPhysical Damage
Insurance investment; Reduced investment into assets
Reduced damages from lower number of assets
Time when insurance payments put into use
Accelerated recovery

20

Reduced standard of living but increased preevent resileince investment

Time0Time010203060

Impacts valuated

40Aggregate of entire set of component
and subsystem performances.
①Infrastructure Resilience Domain:
Define the dimensions most relevant
to engineered systems

200010Time

2030⑤Social & Economic②Building and Lifeline System③System Service Provision & Operability (Davis, 2014)

Performance or Functionality(representing a single system and change
in performance over time) Ayyub (2014a)+④Continuity of Services Temporarily Lost(alternatives, substitution, stockpiles, etc.)

activity supported
directly and indirectly byinfrastructure systems⑥Community: wellbeing,equity, livability, etc.

Management and Governance:⑧Define Infrastructure System
Performance Targets to support the socialand economic needs of a community.

⑦Establish Community PerformanceTargets (e.g., NIST 2015)

Planning,
Preparedness,Mitigationa.

Beginning and end
times may vary

Response

Recovery & Restoration

Rebuild/Reconstruct(a)

TimeProduction Capacity(a)Sudden disruptive event

Facility Damage+Recovery+Lifeline Impacts

Facility Damage

Time

Facility Damage+Lifeline Impacts

1b.
(b)

(c)
c.

(b)

0Costs In Each Phase

Business Interruption Losses(Facility Damage+Recovery+LifelineImpacts)

Facility Damage+Recovery

Lifeline Resilience
FactorEconomics of resilience(Gilbert & Ayyub, 2016)(a) Performance profile(b) Economic valuations ofdirect losses, recovery costs,
and indirect impacts-Develop cost effective
mitigation alternatives-Including casualties

PolicySocial and Economic Losses from facilities and lifelines(Kajitani and Tatano, 2009; Rose, 2007),(a) Losses from facility and lifeline systems(b) System restorations_Compare②③④
with ⑧Business Operations

Tools
Programs to operationalize resilience using
characteristics (Davis et al, 2018)
Resilience standards and codes (RRMC, 2019;Honda, 2017a, b)
Insurance
Loss estimation methodologies
Business/Continuity of Operations Plans
Emergency and incident management
Asset management
Risk management
Hazard scenarios
Life cycle cost analysis/ assessment
Land use planning
Advanced technologies
Decision support systems
Key performance indicators

Probability

Data needs, sources and expert
opinion elicitation (Ayyub, 2001):
collect in support of all resilienceelements. Includes sensing andmonitoring of hazards andinfrastructure.

Disaster

Recovery of Gas
Recovery of Water

Recovery of Electricity