PICES-2018 Annual MeetingBook of Abstracts

Oct. 25-Nov. 5 , 2018, Yokohama, Japan
Prepared by PICES Secretariat

Table of Contents
Abstracts
Sessions, Oral Presentations
Session 1 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������7
Session 2 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������19
Session 3 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������26
Session 4 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������30
Session 5 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������35
Session 6 �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������n/a
Session 7 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������44
Session 8 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������53
Session 9 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������61
Session 10 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������67
Session 11 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������75
Session 12 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������88
BIO-Paper ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������93
FIS-Paper ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������98
HD-Paper ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������102
MEQ-Paper ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������106
POC-Paper ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������116
Workshops, Oral Presentations
Workshop 1
Workshop 2
Workshop 3
Workshop 4
Workshop 5
Workshop 6
Workshop 7
Workshop 8��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������120
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������126��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������130��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������134��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������136��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������137
��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������142��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������145

Sessions, Poster Presentations
Session 1 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������150
Session 2 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������154
Session 3 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������n/a
Session 4 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������162
Session 5 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������164
Session 6 �����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������n/a
Session 7 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������167
Session 8 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������172
Session 9 ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������176
Session 10 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������177
Session 11 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������180
Session 12 ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������186
BIO-Paper ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������188
FIS-Paper ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������202
HD-Paper ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������n/a
MEQ-Paper ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������213
POC-Paper ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������221
General Poster (GP) ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������239
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Workshops, Poster Presentations
Workshop 1 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������233
Workshop 6 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������236
Workshop 8 ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������239

List of Registrants������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������259
Author Index��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������309

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Abstracts

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PICES-2018

Session 1: Toward integrated understanding of ecosystem variability
in the North Pacific
October 29, 11:15 (S1-13826) Invited

What is gained (and lost) through an integrated modeling approach: Assessing climatechange impacts on Bering Sea fish and fisheries
Kirstin Holsman1, Anne Hollowed1, Alan Haynie1, Kerim Aydin1, Al Hermann2, Wei Cheung2, Amanda Faig3,
Jim Ianelli1, Stephen Kasperski1, Kelly Kearny3, André Punt3, Jonathan Reum3, Paul Spencer1, Christine Stawitz3,
William Stockhausen1,, Cody Szuwalski1, Thomas Wilderbuer1, and Trond Kristiansen4
1

2

3
4

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Alaska Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov
Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and the Ocean, University of Washington/ National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Norwegian Institute for Water Research (NIVA), Gaustadalleen 21, 0349 Oslo, Norway

Climate change has the potential to impact an entire marine ecosystem, from physics through fishers, and caninteract with structuring processes to influence ecosystems in ways that are difficult to anticipate. At the sametime, emerging resource management approaches and evolving technologies offer sustainable adaptive solutions
that may attenuate or amplify climate-driven changes. Consideration of these combined pressures and potential
adaptive responses can yield divergent, yet equally plausible modeled future trajectories, which invariablyreflect model treatment of the relative strength of bottom-up, top-down, and density-dependent interactions. Thus
modeling climate change impacts on marine ecosystems requires an integrated approach that can address themultiple compound impacts and attendant uncertainty of climate and management interactions. We demonstrate
the value, and challenge, of using a multi-model integrated framework as part of the Alaska Climate Integrated
Modeling (ACLIM) project. This includes projecting the biomass and distribution of groundfish and invertebrate
species in the Bering Sea, Alaska (USA) under 11 future climate trajectories with low to high carbon emissions,various assumptions regarding climate-recruitment relationships and trophic interactions, as well as multiplesocioeconomic, harvest, and management scenarios. We demonstrate that management performance varies under
future climate conditions, and that trophic interactions can both amplify and attenuate climate impacts. Our results
reinforce the importance of conducting multiple climate and management projections that can provide the contrast
and breadth of scientific support needed to evaluate policy trade-offs under future climate change.

October 29, 11:45 (S1-13588) Invited

Understanding human and natural changes in North Pacific social-ecological marine
systems: The FUTURE framework
Steven J. Bograd1, Sukyung Kang2, Emanuele Di Lorenzo3, and FUTURE SSC
1
2
3

NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA. E-mail: steven.bograd@noaa.gov
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA‘Forecasting and Understanding Trends, Uncertainty and Responses of North Pacific Marine Ecosystems’(FUTURE) is the flagship integrative Scientific Program undertaken by the member nations and affiliates of
PICES. One of the principal goals of the FUTURE Scientific Steering Committee is to develop a framework
for investigating interactions across disciplinary dimensions and scales, specifically within North Pacific SocialEcological-Environmental Systems (SEES). These interactions are complex and nonlinear, occur across a range ofspatial and temporal scales, and can complicate management approaches to shared problems. Here we demonstrate
the FUTURE SEES framework by looking at four case studies: (a) species alteration in the western North Pacific;(b) ecosystem impacts of an extreme heat wave in the eastern North Pacific; (c) jellyfish blooms in the western
North Pacific; and (d) warming and species distributional shifts. An effective and comprehensive SEES approachis necessary to maintain resilient ecosystems within a changing climate. PICES provides the structure required toaddress the multi-national, inter-disciplinary issues we face in the North Pacific.

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PICES-2018

October 29, 12:15 (S1-13656)

Ecosystem variability and connectivity in the Gulf of Alaska following another major
ecosystem perturbation
Robert Suryan1, Stephani Zador2, Mandy Lindeberg1, Donna Aderhold3, Mayumi Arimitsu4, John Piatt5, John
Moran1, Janice Straley6, Heather Coletti7, Dan Monson5, Thomas Dean8, Russell Hopcroft9, Sonia Batten10, Seth
Danielson9, Benjamin Laurel11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay Laboratories, Juneau, Alaska, USA. E-mail: rob.suryan@noaa.gov
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
NOAA Fisheries, Kasitsna Bay Lab, Homer, Alaska, USA
U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Juneau Alaska, USA
U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, Alaska, USA
University of Alaska Southeast, Sitka, Alaska, USA
National Park Service, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
Coastal Resources Associates, Carlsbad, California, USA
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska, USA
Marine Biological Association of the UK, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Newport, OR, USA

Climate patterns in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) vary over annual and decadal time scales. Likewise, bio-physicalcoupling between the GOA and other large marine ecosystems (LME) in the North Pacific can also vary overtime. Within the GOA, habitat complexity can modulate local-scale as well as basin-scale drivers of ecosystem
response. We explore ecosystem variability in the GOA in the context of the recent marine heatwave, a periodof prolonged ocean warming in the northeast Pacific between 2013 and 2016. We demonstrate the far-reachingeffects of the heatwave from offshore epibenthic to nearshore intertidal species and across multiple life stages. We
further demonstrate how the magnitude of the recent marine heatwave induced broad-scale ecosystem responses
throughout the GOA. Examples of responses include unusual mortality events, reproductive failures and starvationin seabirds and marine mammals, changes in predator foraging behavior, changes in prey availability and energy
content, missing pre-recruit cohorts, presence of species not often found in Alaska, and wide-spread effects
on typically more resilient intertidal organisms. This large-scale marine climate event offers an opportunity tounderstand mechanisms of variability within and among LMEs and evaluate the relative strength of local to basinscale drivers.

October 29, 14:00 (S1-13779)

Seasonal- to centennial-scale projections of the California Current System in aid offisheries management
Michael G. Jacox1,2, Mercedes Pozo Buil1,3, Michael Alexander2, Stephanie Brodie1,3, Gaelle Hervieux2,4, andSangik Shin2,4.
1
2
3
4

NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA. E-mail: Michael.jacox@noaa.gov
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA
University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA
University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA

As management bodies and industries increasingly strive to incorporate environmental information into decision
making regarding living marine resources, for example in ecosystem-based fishery management, there isincreased demand for regional estimates of future ocean conditions. Ocean models can provide these estimatesby dynamically downscaling global climate model output to resolve important fine-scale dynamics; this process
is now employed regularly, though details of the downscaling process can vary considerably and have significant
impacts on the predicted future ocean state. We have developed seasonal (1-12 month) forecasts and climate
projections (out to 2100) of the California Current System, spanning the U.S. west coast and extending ~1000
km offshore, with the aim of supporting fisheries management. Here we present key findings from those modelruns as well as sensitivities of the results to downscaling considerations including treatment of forcing fromglobal models. Finally, we discuss the application of the regional model output for predicting future marine
species distributions, and in particular which physical variables and spatiotemporal scales are expected to generatepredictable species responses.

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PICES-2018

October 29, 14:20 (S1-13827) Invited

Environmental changes induced population dynamics of marine species in North PacificwatersXiujuan Shan1,2* and Xianshi Jin1,2
1

2

Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory ofFishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,
Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: shanxj@ysfri.ac.cn
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology, Qingdao, PR China.

The North Pacific water is the important waters for fisheries, with the extensive and in-depth development of
human activities, the problems on environment and resources in inshore waters are becoming increasingly severe.
The fragmentation and defunctionalization of the spawning and nursery grounds caused by the loss of wetlands,
seriously destroyed the recruitment and sustainable production of inshore fishery resources. Environmental
changes in coastal waters and its effects on marine fishery resources is a fundamental and advanced subject inthe succession of marine ecosystem and sustainable yield of marine fisheries. In this presentation, the North
Pacific waters have been taken as the case studies, the important commercial fishery species were as the target
species. The research mainly focuses on two key scientific problems, including “the formation, transition process
and mechanism of fishery species habitat during early developmental stage” and “driving-foundation of fisheryspecies recruitment and their adaptive mechanism to environmental changes”.

October 29, 14:50 (S1-13752)

A new integrated method to elucidate climate variability impacts on living marine
resources
Shin-ichi Ito1, Tetsuichiro Funamoto2, Osamu Shida3, Yasuhiro Kamimura4, Motomitsu Takahashi5, Kotaro Shirai1,
Tomihiko Higuchi1, Kosei Komatsu1, Takaaki Yokoi1, Tatsuya Sakamoto1, Chenying Guo1 and Toyoho Ishimura6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: goito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kushiro, Japan
Central Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Yoichi, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nakagaki, Japan
National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, Hitachinaka, Japan

Various studies have been conducted to elucidate the climate variability impacts on living marine resources.
Larval and juvenile stages are critical periods for the recruitment of living marine resources. However, limitationsof observation methods for directly investigating the environments that larvae and juveniles experienced havebeen obstacles to our understanding. We reviewed the previous studies on climate variability impacts on living
marine resources and discussed how reconstruction of environmental histories of larvae and juveniles is importantfor our understanding of climate variability impacts on living marine resources. We proposed a new integrated
method to reconstruct environmental histories of larvae and juveniles using otolith oxygen stable isotope analyses
and fish growth-migration models. Together with the growth estimated from otolith daily increments, it is possible
to elucidate climate impacts on larval and juvenile growth through environmental histories of larvae and juveniles
using their realistic migration routes. This study was published on “Oceanography in Japan” in 2018.

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PICES-2018

October 29, 15:10 (S1-13255)

Synchronicity of climate driven regime shifts among the East Asian Marginal sea waters
and major fish species
SM Mustafizur Rahman1 and Chung Il Lee2
1
2

Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, R Korea. E-mail: mustafizraj@gmail.com
Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, R Korea

Climate regime shift (CRS) in 1976, 1988 and 1998 were well detected in different East Asian Marginal Seas
(EAMS) ecosystems. However, synchronous pattern of these regime shifts among the ecosystems are limited. In
this study, we examine the synchronicity of regime shifts among major climate patterns in north Pacific, sea watertemperatures (SWT) and major fish species in north East Sea (NES), south East Sea (SES), East China Sea (ECS)and Yellow Sea (YS). Results suggest that 1976 CRS was occurred for a long duration period (1970-1979). Abrupt
shifts were observed in North Pacific Index (NPI) (1975) and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) (1977). Early
abrupt shift was detected in ECS (1970), YS (1972) and NES (1976) in SWT. Early positive shift was detectedin walleye pollock, anchovy and hairtail; abrupt enhance of sardine and collapse of saury occurred in 1977. In
1988 CRS, most climate patterns were shifted within very short time (1987-1989). Abrupt shift was observed in
Arctic Oscillation (AO) (1987), East Asian Winter Monsoon (EAWM) (1987) and Siberian High Pressure (1989).
Positive shift of SWT in most of the EAMS area was detected within very short time (1985-1989). Collapseof sardine (1983) and walleye pollock (1985) occurred early; a positive shift was detected in squid (1989). All
climate patterns were shifted earlier in 1998 CRS period; abrupt negative shift was detected in SWT of SES(1999). Negative shift was detected in Yellow croaker (1998), Chub mackerel (2001) and a positive shift in the
Pacific cod (2001).

October 29, 15:30 (S1-13817) Invited

Multi-site, high-frequency monitoring of marine ecosystems using environmental DNA
Michio Kondoh1, Hitoshi Araki2, Akihide Kasai3, Reiji Masuda4, Toshifumi Minamoto5, Masaki Miya6 andSatoquo Seino7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan. E-mail: michio.kondo.b8@tohoku.ac.jp
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, Japan
Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Japan

Environmental DNA (eDNA) is DNA molecules that organisms shed into the environment. It has been shownthat an analysis of eDNA extracted from the environmental samples (e.g. soil and water) enables us (i) detecting
the rare and hard-to-locate target species, (ii) determining species composition of a focal community or even (iii)
quantifying their relative abundance in field. In this talk our recent study on eDNA techniques and its applications
to marine fish communities will be introduced. The two major advantages of eDNA monitoring are a lower costin monitoring effort and time and high taxonomic resolution, which allow one to conduct a species-resolved
monitoring at a greater numbers of monitoring sites and/or with higher frequencies than previous methods suchas trapping and seining. Such an eDNA monitoring makes available ecological “big data”, which, combinedwith appropriate analysis, provides more resolved and larger-scale information of ecosystems, such as temporal
dynamics and spatial distributions of many-species ecological community. The eDNA monitoring will grow as thecentral tool and not only contribute to the applied area related to natural resource management and biodiversity
conservation, but also catalyze the rapid development of ecology as a “big data science”. We would like tointroduce our recent effort to enhance eDNA-related research and speed up the social implementation of eDNA
monitoring, including the establishment of The eDNA Society in the Spring of 2018.

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PICES-2018

October 29, 16:20 (S1-13552)

Spatial and inter-annual variability in the primary productivity of the East China Sea
and Southern Yellow Sea (1998-2012)
Christina E. Kong1,2, Sinjae Yoo1,2 and Chan Joo Jang2,3
1
2

3Jeju Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology , Jeju-do, R Korea. E-mail: cejkong@kiost.ac.kr
Ocean Science and Technology School, Korea Maritime and Ocean University/Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology Joint
Program, Busan, R Korea
Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, R Korea

East China Sea (ECS) and southern Yellow Sea (SYS) ecosystems have undergone drastic changes over the past
two decades. The changes in the ecosystems are attributable to the on-going anthropogenic and natural stressors
as well as the recent in-land activities such as the implementation of the world’s largest dam and the gigantic
water-management scheme in China. Here, we assessed the long-term spatial and temporal variability in themarine primary productivity using SeaWiFS and MODIS-aqua merged remotely sensed data from 1998-2012. We
also analyzed the decadal changes in chlorophyll-a, photosynthetically active radiation, sea surface temperature,euphotic depth, as well as the Changjiang river discharge (CRD) in the study area. Our results indicate that the
ECS and SYS primary productivity can be characterized by high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. For instance,
despite the reduction of the CRD after the operation of the Three Gorges Dam, we observed an increase inproductivity in the vicinity of the river mouth as the nutrient loading has continuously increased. We, however,also observed a decrease in the primary productivity in the offshore regions where the CRD influence was greatly
reduced after the operation of the dam. In contrast to the coastal water, the slope region showed a gradual decreasein the productivity, mainly due to warming while some region did not show a clear trend as the other regions.
Based on our observations, we infer that both natural and anthropogenic forcing will likely to intensify which inturn will amplify the spatial and temporal variability in the ECS and SYS productivity in the future.

October 29, 16:40 (S1-13649)

Millennial- to decadal-scale variability in the Bering Sea: Changes in the density ofseabird species in response to climate fluctuations
George L. Hunt, Jr., Martin Renner, Lisa Eisner, Kathy Kuletz, Sigrid Salo, Patrick Ressler, Jarrod A. Santora,
Carol, and Douglas Causey
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, 2929 First Ave. # 1207, Washington, 98121, U.S.A.
E-mail: glhunt@uci.edu

The long-term impacts of climate change are of immense concern. However, we know little about how futureclimate states will impact marine ecosystems. Here, we examine how the ecosystem of the eastern Bering Sea
has responded to millennial-scale and decadal-scale fluctuations in climate. We provide a brief discussion ofmillennial patterns of use of marine resources, including seabirds, by early Aleut communities. We then examine
more recent trends in seabird abundance; we found significant changes in the densities of seabirds between
1975 and 2014, with declines in the density of 22 of 35 species, of which 6 showed significant declines. At a
decadal-scale, we report how seabird densities responded to variation in ocean-climate conditions by examining
the densities of seabird species in years of early and late sea-ice-retreat. We predicted that, in years when preyresources were expected to be scarce, seabird densities would be lower. We found that in years with early sea-iceretreat, the euphausiid Thysanoesssa raschii and the copepod Calanus marshallae were scarce and age-0 pollock(Gadus chalcogrammus) increased in availability in the upper water column of the middle shelf. We foundsubstantial changes in the densities of seabird species between years with early and late sea-ice-retreat, with 29 of
35 species showing lower densities in years with early sea-ice-retreat. In addition, fine-scale analysis using stable
isotopes revealed that diet became increasingly variable through time, possibly reflecting prey switching or food
web disruption. We anticipate that many seabird species are likely to decline further with long-term warming.

10

PICES-2018

October 29, 17:00 (S1-13777)

Diagnosing the impacts of large-scale climate variability on local ecosystems in the SalishSea, USA
Julie E. Keister1, Amanda Winans1, Bethellee Herrmann1, Kimberly Stark2, Gabriela Hannach2, Julia Bos3, andTodd Sandell4
12
3
4

University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: jkeister@u.washington.edu
King County, Seattle, WA, USA
Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, WA, USA
Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Mill Creek, WA, USA

Over the past several years, the Northeast Pacific has experienced a broad range of conditions ranging from
“normal” to unprecedented warm temperature anomalies. Such extreme climate variability has clear impacts on
the biology and provides the opportunity to explore the mechanisms through which large-scale climate change
influences local systems through bottom-up processes. We used data from several monitoring programs in theinland regions of the Salish Sea (the Strait of Juan de Fuca and Puget Sound) to explore spatial and interannual
variability in ecosystem response to environmental change over the period of 2014-2017, a period of unusuallylarge climate anomalies for the region. We focus on changes in phytoplankton and zooplankton and their links
to salmon and forage fish. Large interannual shifts in the physical environment had strong effects on plankton
community structure, phenology, and biomass, with responses differing among local sub-regions due to differencesin local mixing, stratification, and degree of ocean influence. The similarities and differences in response among
regions are explored to better understand the physio-chemical underpinnings of the observed changes and theirimplications for local fisheries.

October 29, 17:20 (S1-13410)

Density dependence at the time of spawning: Disentangling density-dependent effects inthe life histories of fish
Akinori Takasuka1, Michio Yoneda2 and Yoshioki Oozeki3123

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: takasuka@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Imabari, Japan
Headquarters, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan

Spawning stock biomass (SSB) is directly proportional to total egg production (TEP) of fish stocks — this
“SSB–TEP proportionality” paradigm has been a basic premise underlying spawner–recruitment models
for fisheries management and studies on recruitment mechanisms of fish. Despite the progress in studies onmaternal effects on reproduction, this paradigm has rarely been tested directly at multidecadal scales becauseof data limitations worldwide. Here we tested the paradigm for small pelagic fish in the most direct manner,
based on a combination of two independent 38-year time series: fishery-dependent stock assessment data andfishery-independent egg survey data. This test showed that the SSB–TEP proportionality was distorted by density
dependence in total egg production per spawner individual (TEPPS) or unit weight (TEPPSW) at a multidecadalscale. The TEPPS/TEPPSW exponentially declined with biomass and thus was density-dependent for Japanesesardine (Sardinops melanostictus), which exhibit a high level of population fluctuation. In contrast, the TEPPS/TEPPSW was sardine-density-dependent for Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus), which exhibit a moderatelevel of population fluctuation being out-of-phase with sardine. Our analysis revealed intraspecific (sardine) andinterspecific (anchovy) density dependence at the time of spawning, which was unaccounted for in spawner–
recruitment relationships. Subsequently, we disentangled density-dependent effects on spawning and survival
from egg to recruitment, to discuss how the existence of density dependence at the time of spawning can change
the current understanding of density-dependent processes in the life histories of fish. We propose to develop an
egg-production-based framework in studies on recruitment dynamics under climate variability.

11

PICES-2018

October 29, 17:40 (S1-13508)

To initiate seasonal prediction for PICES FUTURE
Fangli Qiao, Yiding Zhao, Xunqiang Yin and Yajuan SongFirst Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao 266061, China. E-mail: qiaofl@fio.org.cn

The vertical mixing induced by surface waves dominates the thermal structure of the upper ocean, which influences
the atmosphere-ocean coupling system through air-sea exchanges. By including the surface wave-induced verticalmixing into the First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model (FIO-ESM), the seasonal prediction error ofsea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) is significantly reduced at high latitudes of the North Pacific. The climate
model can well predict the meridional distribution of SSTA, especially the characteristics of rapid decline during
25°N-45°N. This is a clue to improve our prediction ability of the North Pacific. As the seasonal prediction is oneof key factors in FUTURE program, we propose to initiate operational prediction as soon as possible under PICES
framework.

October 30, 14:00 (S1-13778)

Linking global to regional ocean forecasts: A hybrid dynamical-statistical approach
Albert J. Hermann1, Wei Cheng1, Georgina A. Gibson2, Ivonne Ortiz1, Kerim Aydin3, and Samantha Siedlecki4
1

2
3
4

Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: albert.j.hermann@noaa.gov
International Arctic Research Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
NOAA/Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
University of Connecticut, Groton, CT, USA

Dynamical downscaling is a powerful technique for generating regional forecasts from coarse-scale global
forecasts, yet is computationally expensive at fine spatial and temporal scales. Statistical downscaling trained onpresent local conditions is computationally fast, yet can be misleading as dominant spatial patterns and processes
shift through time. Typically, the number of available (and demonstrably skillful) global forecasts on seasonal or
multi-decadal timescales far exceeds the number that can be affordably downscaled to any region through purely
dynamical methods. Here we describe a hybrid dynamical-statistical scheme, based on covariance analysis, whichquickly generates a large ensemble of forecasted regional futures. The method proceeds through statistical (EOF)
analysis of a small ensemble of output from both the (forcing) global models and the (dynamically downscaling)
regional models; this establishes characteristic multivariate patterns of regional response to both present andfuture large-scale forcing. Once established, these statistical relationships are applied to a much larger ensembleof global model realizations, using the large-scale multivariate patterns as predictors of the multivariate regional
response. This affordably generates a large ensemble of regional futures, helping to establish the statistics ofsuch regional forecasts (e.g. the probability of extreme events). Ideally, this reduces the need to dynamicallydownscale each global realization of the future. This approach has been successfully applied to annual averages
from multi-decadal biophysical projections of the Bering Sea. We consider its extension to seasonal and multidecadal biophysical predictions of the Bering Sea, Gulf of Alaska and Pacific Northwest.

12

PICES-2018

October 30, 14:20 (S1-13384)

Depletion of micronutrient trace metals in Line P surface waters during the 2014 warm
water anomaly: Implications for marine ecosystems and climate change in the NE PacificAndrew R.S. Ross1, David Janssen2, Jay Cullen2, Jody Spence2, Kyle Simpson1, and Marie Robert1
12

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: Andrew.Ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

Iron (Fe), an essential micronutrient, has been measured along Line P since 1997, providing a unique time seriesof such measurements between the Fe-rich coastal waters of British Columbia and the Fe-limited waters of the
Alaska gyre. After seven years of mainly cool conditions, surface waters in the NE Pacific began to warm in
2013, peaking in early 2014 in the mid-Gulf of Alaska. This feature, nicknamed the “Blob”, was the warmest
temperature anomaly ever observed in the region. To capture its impact on the availability of micronutrients tomarine phytoplankton, we measured dissolved trace metal concentrations in seawater samples collected between
2012 and 2016 as part of the Line P program. Seasonal and inter-annual variability in dissolved Fe were thehighest on record except for 1999 and 2005, during which a similar return to cooler conditions after a significant
warming event also coincided with an increase in dissolved Fe. Dissolved copper (Cu) was also elevated in June
2016 following the “Blob”, but both Cu and Fe were depleted in surface waters in August 2014. Other metals
that showed significant depletion in surface waters during the “Blob” were nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co) and cadmium(Cd), which also act as (or can substitute for) co-factors in key enzymes. These observations are consistent withincreased stratification, which inhibits the vertical mixing of nutrient-rich deep water to the surface. The potentialof climate-related changes in the duration and frequency of such events to impact phytoplankton ecology andproductivity will be discussed.

October 30, 14:40 (S1-13385)

Wind, circulation, and topographic effects on alongshore phytoplankton variability in the
California Current
Jerome Fiechter, Christopher A. Edwards and Andrew M. Moore
University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA. E-mail: fiechter@ucsc.edu

We present results from a retrospective analysis at 3 km resolution of alongshore phytoplankton variability in the
California Current System during 1988-2010. The coupled physical-biogeochemical simulation is a first of its kind
as it benefits from downscaling a regional circulation reanalysis which provides improved physical ocean state
estimates (i.e., regional- and basin-scale influences) in the high-resolution domain. The emerging pattern is one of
local upwelling intensification in response to increased alongshore wind stress in the lee of capes, modulated byalongshore meanders in the geostrophic circulation. While stronger upwelling occurs near most major topographic
features, substantial increases in phytoplankton biomass only ensue where local circulation patterns are conducive
to on-shelf retention of upwelled nutrients. Locations of peak nutrient delivery and chlorophyll accumulation also
exhibit interannual variability and long-term trends noticeably larger than the surrounding shelf regions. As such,our results not only provide a dynamical characterization of observed primary production patterns along the U.S.
west coast, but additionally suggest that planktonic ecosystem response in the California Current System, andpresumably other eastern boundary current upwelling regions, exhibit significant alongshore variability at local
scales (O(100 km)).

13

PICES-2018

October 30, 15:00 (S1-13731)

Warming from recent marine heat wave lingers in deep British Columbia fjord
Jennifer M. Jackson1, Gregory C. Johnson2, Hayley V. Dosser1, 2 and Tetjana Ross 3
1
2
3
4

Hakai Institute, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: jennifer.jackson@hakai.org
NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle WA, USA
University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney BC, Canada

While satellite data indicate that the surface expression of the North Pacific marine heat wave, nicknamed “TheBlob”, disappeared in late 2016, Argo float and ship-based CTD data show that warm conditions persisted below
the surface mixed layer through at least March 2018. We trace this anomalously warm subsurface water from theopen ocean through Queen Charlotte Sound to Rivers Inlet, on British Columbia’s central coast. In Rivers Inlet,
deep water below the 140 m sill depth continues to be 0.3° to 0.5°C warmer than the monthly average, suggestingthat impacts of the Blob have persisted in coastal waters at least 4 years after its onset. Impacts of the lingeringmarine heat wave on coastal ecosystems will be discussed.

October 30, 15:20 (S1-13674)

Causes and consequences of the great pyrosome bloom in the Northern California Current
Richard D. Brodeur1, Kim Bernard2, Kelly R. Sutherland3, Hilarie L. Sorensen3, and Olivia N. Blondheim4
1

2
3
4

NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, Oregon, 97365 USA.
E-mail: rick.brodeur@noaa.gov
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 97330 USA
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Charleston, Oregon 97420 USA
Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620 USA

Pelagic urochordates (salps and appendicularians) are dominant components of oceanic, low productivity waters
globally and have been studied with some regularity in many ecosystems. However, a smaller group of pelagicurochordates, the colonial pyrosomes, are generally restricted to oceanic tropical seas and have been far lessstudied. The subtropical cosmopolitan species, Pyrosoma atlanticum, has been known for a long time but does
not favor productive coastal waters containing large phytoplankton which may clog its filtering apparatus. In
the California Current, this species occurs off Southern California and is caught occasionally during warm years.
With the advent of anomalously warm conditions in the Central North Pacific in 2014, P. atlanticum started
appearing in coastal trawl surveys off Oregon and Washington, continuing to increase dramatically for the next
four years and becoming the dominant component of pelagic surveys in 2017 and 2018. These massive blooms
impaired commercial fisheries and washed up on beaches prompting public concerns. The occurrence of smaller
individuals in the winter suggests that it may now be reproducing in mid-latidudes, further sustaining the bloom.
Due to the paucity of information on this species outside its normal range, we examined horizontal and vertical
distribution, habitat preferences, energy density, diets based on fatty acid and stable isotopic signatures, grazing
rates, and utilization by higher trophic levels. Given that this tropical invader may be established in this productive
temperate ecosystem indefinitely, understanding it ecology and potential impacts to the pelagic and benthic foodwebs and human utilization may fill a critical gap.

14

PICES-2018

October 30, 15:40 (S1-13586)

Variable trends in pteropod abundance between the shelf and slope from two decades ofobservations off Newport Oregon, USA
Jennifer L. Fisher1, William T. Peterson2, Jay O. Peterson3 and Hongsheng Bi4
1

2
3
4

Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, Newport, Oregon, USA
E-mail: jennifer.fisher@oregonstate.edu
NOAA-Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, Oregon, USA
NOAA-Fisheries, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
University of Maryland, Center for Environmental Science, Solomons, Maryland, USA

Waters which upwell nearshore in the northern California Current have low pH and aragonite saturation values< 1.0 which may impair the ability of the planktonic snail Limacina helicina to produce aragonite or may lead toshell dissolution, resulting in mortality. Here, we present data on the abundance of L. helicina over 20 years fromtwo stations located on the continental shelf and slope that are exposed to upwelled waters differentially. Over the
20 year time span, the seasonal peak abundance of L. helicina followed a negative trend in the nearshore coastal
upwelling zone where waters are corrosive. In contrast, the seasonal peak abundance increased offshore wherearagonite saturation values are generally >> 1 year round. Further, the long term trend nearshore in the coastal
upwelling region was variable while the long term trend offshore was inversely correlated with the North PacificGyre Oscillation.

October 30, 16:20 (S1-13652)

Impacts of hypoxia on diel vertical migration of zooplankton
Mei Sato1, David L. Mackas2 and John F. Dower3
12
3

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: m.sato@oceans.ubc.ca
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada
University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

Low dissolved oxygen, or hypoxia, is an increasing threat for coastal ecosystems affecting the quantity and qualityof habitat available to aquatic organisms. Zooplankton have been considered to have high tolerance to hypoxic
conditions, but small-scale variability in their behavioural response is not well understood. We hypothesized thatzooplankton would modify their diel vertical migration behaviour in relation to oxygen dynamics as a physiologicalresponse. We examined this hypothesis through assessment of the temporal variability of diel vertical migrationof euphausiids associated with the seasonal change in dissolved oxygen concentrations in Saanich Inlet, Canada.
Continuous, high-resolution measurements of biological and environmental properties over 10 years throughthe Ocean Networks Canada cabled observatory provided unique data sets to decouple co-varying factors andto examine the effect of hypoxia on animal behaviour. We examined the data collected during winter months(November – January) to minimize the variability in biological factors including euphausiid size and their foodavailability, while oxygen concentrations at their daytime depth varied below and above their critical oxygen
saturation level (0.75 ml L-1). Instead of the traditional view of ceasing diel vertical migration during winter, weobserved weak but persistent migration behaviour of euphausiids. Acoustically-observed migrating biomass was 8
times higher when the bottom oxygen concentrations reached below 0.75 ml L-1 compared to the period with welloxygenated bottom waters. Continuous measurements of interdisciplinary data sets in a seasonally hypoxic fjord
are providing insight into the behavioural response of pelagic ecosystem under highly variable oxygen conditions.

15

PICES-2018

October 30, 16:40 (S1-13451) CANCELLED

Effect of vertical structure of water column on depth dependent trends in walleye pollock(Theragra chalcogramma) in the Western coast of the East/Japan Sea
Hae Kun Jung, Joo Myun Park, and Chung Il Lee
Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung Province, R Korea. E-mail: sesely@naver.com

This study examined the vertical distribution pattern of walleye pollock inhabiting the western coast of the East/
Japan Sea (WCES), and its response to change in oceanic condition. Our showed that walleye pollock mainly
distributed between 200 m and 400 m where is below the thermocline. In general, the individuals of small sizegroup mainly distributed at 100-200 m deep, whereas larger fishes (>30cm) tended to accumulate at depth below
300 m. The vertical distribution patterns of walleye pollock showed distinct interannual variations between 2016
and 2017. Because there were some differences of vertical water temperature patterns between 2016 and 2017,
this study hypothesized those vertical distributions of walleye pollock might respond interannual changes invertical structure of water column. In 2017 compared to 2016, water temperature in the upper layer (<100m)
has been warmer in response of increased volume transportation of Tsushima Warm Current (TWC) and warmer
atmospheric condition, while lower water temperature in the middle layer (100-200m) might be influenced bystrong permeation of colder water mass derived from the norther part of the East/Japan Sea where is known asorigin of the North Korea Cold Current (NKCC). In addition, the difference of water temperature between middle
and bottom waters was due to dramatical decrease of water temperature in the middle layer. In conclusion, thesechanges of oceanic condition probably influenced seasonal and interannual patterns of the vertical distribution ofwalleye pollock More studies are demanded to convince our hypothesis including its ontogenetic preferences ofdepth and/or water temperature ranges via long period monitoring.

October 30, 17:00 (S1-13598)

Estimation of the origins of particulate organic matter in coastal waters for understanding
the oceanic environmental change around Tsushima Islands
Mitsuo Yamamoto1, Akira Yamaguchi2, Dan Liu3, Aigo Takeshige4 and Shingo Kimura1
1
2
3
4

The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: mitsuo@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Saga Prefectural Ariake Fisheries Research and Development Center, Ogi, Japan
National Institute of Technology, Ariake College, Omuta, Japan
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Yokohama, Japan

Seaweed bed distributions in Tsushima Islands are different between the eastern and western areas. Dependenceof the oceanic environmental change in the East China Sea on the seaweed bed distributions was investigatedusing re-analysis data and water quality investigations in northeastern and southeastern areas of Tsushima Islands
in a previous study. The effect of the Changjiang diluted water was found to be increased in the southwesternarea. To evaluate the reliability of the result, origins of particulate organic matter (POM) in coastal waters in thenortheastern and southwestern areas were investigated in this study. Stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) of POM
in seawater and river water were monitored from June 2016 to Mach 2018, together with the analyses of iron,nitrogen and phosphate concentrations. Surface and bottom seawaters at three sites and river waters at two sites
were collected both in the northeastern and southwestern areas. δ13C values in seawater in the southwestern area
were constantly low (-24.7~ -21.7‰), meanwhile those in the northeastern areas were seasonally changed from
-26.6‰ to -19.9‰. It was estimated that terrestrial waters influenced the coastal environment in the southwesternarea continually whereas oceanic waters influenced the environment in the northeastern area strongly in someseasons. The mechanism of the difference in seaweed bed between two areas will be discussed in the talk focusing
on hydrodynamic fluctuations using re-analysis data. The present study indicates that the origins of POM in the
coastal areas of Tsushima Islands are different between the northeastern and southwestern areas.

16

PICES-2018

October 30, 17:20 (S1-13387)

Corporate control and global governance of marine genetic resources
Robert Blasiak1,2
1
2

Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm, Sweden. E-mail: robert.blasiak@su.se
University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan

Marine genetic resources are the subject of extensive commercial interest, with the value of the marine biotech
industry rapidly expanding. But which species are attracting this focus, what entities are registering patents onthem, and how have these trends changed over time? By collecting 38 million records of genetic sequences
associated with patents, it has been possible to create a database of all marine species that have sequences associatedwith patents, and to collect information about the entities registering these patents. A total of 862 marine species
and 12,998 genetic sequences were identified. A single multi-national corporation is responsible for registering
47% of the patent sequences. The geographic location of entities engaged in registering patents associated withmarine species is similarly skewed, with 98% of patent sequences from marine organisms registered by entities
headquartered in just 10 countries. In addition to presenting these empirical results from the newly constructed
database, the talk will cover the relevance for the ongoing UN treaty negotiations on biodiversity in areas beyond
national jurisdiction, where marine genetic resources and associated issues of access and benefit sharing are oneof the core – and most contentious – issues.

17

PICES-2018

S2: Fish production through food web dynamics in the boundary current
systems
November 1, 11:00 (S2-13297) Invited

Prey stoichiometry influences growth rate and production of marine zooplankton
Pei-Chi Ho1,2, Esther Wong3, Fan-Sian Lin4, Akash R. Sastri5,6, Carmen García-Comas7, Noboru Okuda8, Fuh-Kwo
Shiah1,9, Gwo-Ching Gong10, Rita S.W. Yam11 and Chih-hao Hsieh1,4
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11

Earth System Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
E-mail: chsieh@ntu.edu.tw
Earth System Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Central University, Zhongli, Taiwan
Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Ocean Networks Canada and Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada,
Research Institute for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science Technology, Yokohama, Japan
Research Institute for Humanity & Nature, Kyoto, Japan
Research Center for Environmental Changes, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan
Department of Bioenvironmental Systems Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Manipulative laboratory studies show strong evidence that phytoplankton stoichiometry, besides phytoplankton
carbon (C) biomass, affects zooplankton growth and secondary production (SP). However, support for stoichiometriceffects from field data in natural systems remain scarce. Here, we used in situ incubation experiments to examine
how zooplankton (mainly copepods) weight-specific growth rate (GR) and SP are affected by prey biomass(mainly phytoplankton), primary production (PP) and carbon:nitrogen:phosphorus (C:N:P) molar ratios of prey
as well as plankton compositions in the East China Sea. We found that zooplankton GR increases in a saturatingmanner with prey P biomass and molar P:N ratio, and that the pattern is not as strongly tied to prey C and N
biomass. This relationship indicates that prey P supply affects GR. Most importantly, SP is greater under low prey
C:N and C:P ratio (i.e. stoichiometry that is closer to zooplankton). Finally, multivariate regression indicates thatprey C:N ratio explains most of the variation in SP, followed by variation of plankton composition, while PP exerts
a weak influence on SP. Our findings suggest that prey stoichiometry rather than production determines SP, andthat consumer and prey compositions further modify SP in marine food webs.

November 1, 11:30 (S2-13287)

Trophic pathways of plankton food web to support food availability for vulnerable life
stages of migratory fishes in the Kuroshio: As a key for the Kuroshio paradox
Toru Kobari1, Taiga Honma2, Takeru Kanayama2, Fukutaro Karu2, Wataru Makihara1, Takahiro Kawafuchi1, Kie
Sato1, Koji Suzuki3, Daisuke Hasegawa4, Naoki Yoshie5, Hirohiko Nakamura5 and Gen Kume1
1

2
3
4
5

18

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: kobari@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan

Many migratory fishes risk encountering low food availability during vulnerable life stages by reproduced andrecruited around the oligotrophic Kuroshio (the Kuroshio paradox). Here we report adequate food availability
for migratory fishes and trophic pathway of plankton food web in the Kuroshio of the East China Sea (ECSKuroshio). Whereas phytoplankton growth rates were limited under low nutrients in the Kuroshio path and theoffshore site, mesozooplankton standing stocks and productivity in the Kuroshio Path were equivalent to those in
the continental shelf waters. Mesozooplankton community was predominated by small copepods like calanoids,
poecilostomatoids and nauplii. Dilution experiments showed that microzooplankton grazing rates were higher
for nano-autotrophs than those for pico- and micro-autotrophs and their impacts on phytoplankton community
composed more than half of primary production. Removal bottle experiments demonstrated that mesozooplankton
filtering rates were positive for nano-autotrophs, athecate flagellates and naked ciliates, indicating major fooditems for mesozooplankton community. These results suggest that nano-autotrophs via ciliates to copepods (i.e.,
trophic linkage by copepods between microbial and grazing food webs) is a major trophic pathway in plankton
food web and support food availability for vulnerable life stages of these migratory fishes in the ECS-Kuroshio.

PICES-2018

November 1, 11:50 (S2-13296)

The importance of the north Satsunan area, southern Japan as the spawning and nursery
ground for small pelagic fish
Gen Kume1, Toru Kobari1, Mutsuo Ichinomiya2, Tomohiro Komorita2, Junya Hirai3, Maki Aita-Noguchi4, Fujio
Hyodo5, Tsutomu Takeda1, Taichi Shigemura1, Hiroumi Kuroda1, Shohei Yoshinaga1, Kei Nakaya1 and Atsushi
Narumi1
1

2
3
4
5

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: kume@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, JapanThe north Satsunan area including Kagoshima Bay is assumed as the important spawning and nursery groundby the fishery-targeting small pelagic fish. In the present study, we clarify the seasonal occurrence patterns andfeeding habits of larval fish in the subject area. The fish assemblages were consistently different between the innerand outer part of the bay throughout the year, the larval abundance and diversity generally being higher and lower
in the bay, respectively. Larvae of the Clupeiformes and mesopelagic fish (i.e. Sigmops gracilis and Myctophum
asperum) were dominant in the inner and outer part of the bay, respectively. Based on the morphological andDNA meta-barcoding analysis for gut contents and the stable-isotope analysis for larvae, we examined the larval
diet of small pelagic (Engraulis japonicus, Trachurus japonicus), coastal (Sebastiscus spp., Triglidae spp.) andmesopelagic species (S. gracilis, M. asperum), which are dominant in the study area in winter and spring. The
small pelagic and coastal species fed actively on copepods and appendicularians were also important preys for themesopelagic species. The stable-isotope analysis suggested that interspecific competition for prey species would
be occurring among five species groups except for Triglidae spp. The oceanic water sporadically inflows into
Kagoshima Bay during the winter and spring months, causing the upwelling around the mouth of the bay. The
present data implies this seasonal oceanographic phenomenon would play an important role in the spawning andnursery ground for many species including small pelagic fish being formed in the north Satsunan area.

November 1, 12:10 (S2-13567)

Feeding habits of multiple larval and juvenile fish taxa collected in the Kuroshio off Japan
Yuji Okazaki1, Hiroomi Miyamoto2, Koji Suzuki3, Hiroaki Saito4, Kiyotaka Hidaka5 and Tadafumi Ichikawa5
1

2
3
4
5

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Japan.
E-mail: okazakiy@affrc.go.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hachinohe, Japan
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan

We examined the feeding habits of multiple larval and juvenile fish taxa collected in the Kuroshio off Japan. The
fish taxa were classified into eight groups and six outliers in the cluster analysis. Four out of the eight groups
consumed mainly calanoid (Paracalanus spp. and Clausoclanus spp.) or poecilostomatoid copepods (Oncaea
spp. and Corycaeus spp.), whereas two out of the groups preyed mainly on ostracods or appendicularians. The
maximum values for frequency of occurrence (%FO) of prey items matched well with the numerically dominant
prey items (%N) in each cluster group. Furthermore, prey selection by these larval and juvenile fishes wasdetermined not only by prey size but also by the prey taxa available. Because non-metric multidimensional scaling(nMDS) result revealed that temporal and spatial variation in the diets of the dominant fish taxa was not likely
to occur, prey selection may be robust and inherent in nature among these taxa of larval and juvenile fishes.
Finally, based on our results and literatures, we identified the three major trophic pathways (grazing, microbial,
and tunicate food chains) between the primary producers and the fish larvae or juveniles via zooplankton in
the Kuroshio ecosystem. These diverse food chains and their combinations may support the high diversity andproduction of fishes in the Kuroshio ecosystem.

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PICES-2018

November 1, 12:30 (S2-13360)

Feeding ecology of age-1 Pacific saury during northward migration in June and July withremarks on difference of feeding habits by migration routes
Hiroomi Miyamoto1, Kazuaki Tadokoro2, Satoshi Suyama1 and Hideaki Kidokoro1,2
12

Fisheries Management Department, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency,
Hachinohe, Aomori, Japan. E-mail: miyamotohiroomi@affrc.go.jp
Fisheries Oceanography and Resources Department, Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan

Pacific saury is ecologically and economically important components of pelagic ecosystems in the North Pacific
Ocean. In early summer, June and July, Pacific saury is widely distributed in the transition area, and migrates
northward to feed on abundant subarctic zooplankton. The feeding of early summer is regarded to be essential for
growth and fatness of Pacific saury. Here, we observed the gut contents of age-1 Pacific saury collected widelyfrom 140°E to 140°W in early summer to clarify the relation of migration routes to their feeding ecology. The
fatness degree of Pacific saury was tended to high in the western area. The gut contents were found in 88% of
total observed individuals (100 individuals). The prey composition was different in longitude. To the west of
160°E, Pacific saury fed on diverse taxa, such as Neocalanus plumchrus, euphausiid larvae, and Calanus spp,
but Neocalanus plumchrus was their main prey in the area of between 160°E and 170°W. In further eastern area
(170°W to 140°W), Neocalanus cristatus was dominated in their prey composition. The longitudinal difference inthe guts contents was not consistent with the horizontal distribution of N. plumchrus and N. cristatus. On the other
hand, the longitudinal difference in the guts contents were explained with spatial change in the fatness degree ofPacific saury, suggesting that the prey of Pacific saury between eastern and western routes of northward migrationinfluenced the increasing of body size and fatness during early summer.

November 1, 14:00 (S2-13572)

Interaction equatorial rossby-kelvin waves to monitoring of fishing area and ocean
primary productivity in Northern Indonesia 2012-2017
Khafid Rizki Pratama1 and Richard Mahendra Putra2
1

2

Indonesian State College for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, South of Tangerang, Indonesia.
E-mail: khafidrizkipratama@gmail.com
Indonesia Agency for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysics, Jakarta, Indonesia

The interaction of rossby and kelvin waves has a significant relationship to the tropical waters of NorthernIndonesia. The formation for a warm pool became one of the growth and collection indicators for phytoplankton
blooming with the lifting mechanism of a maximum chlorophyll-a concentration near the sea surface level. This
study examines the relationship of equatorial rossby-kelvin waves interaction in 2012 to 2017 to the fertility ofwaters in Northern Indonesia. The analysis for the contribution of rossby wave in increasing aquatic productivity
based on climatological data of sea surface temperature, seasonal data of chlorophyll-a, argo float and buoy data
in Northern Indonesia to near pacific waters shows an abundance to the increase of phytoplankton condition.
Quantification of the contribution for kelvin wave interaction is indicated by increasing chlorophyll-a during
the western (January-March) season in the north-central region of Indonesia. The oceanic climatology dynamics
condition significantly affects the primary productivity for the tropical waters of Indonesia’s tropical regions withhigh vertical salinity density indications thus lifting the nutrients upwards and pilling up the nutrient-depleted
water. The relationship of these two wave interactions influence the distribution pattern of the fishing area, thefertility of the waters and the rate of fishing in the tropical North of Indonesia.

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PICES-2018

November 1, 14:20 (S2-13562)

Spatio-temporal distribution of planktonic copepods and planktonic stages of small
pelagic fishes: Copepod community structure and species diversity in egg- and larvaerich Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension area
Sayaka Sogawa1, Kiyotaka Hidaka1, Yasuhiro Kamimura1, Masanori Takahashi2, Hiroaki Saito3, Yuji Okazaki4,
Yugo Shimizu1, Takashi Setou1 and Ichikawa Tadafumi1
1

2

3
4

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: ssogawa@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi,
Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, Tokyo University, Kashiwa, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Japan

Copepods are of great ecological importance as they comprise one of the most numerous groups of metazoan inmarine ecosystem and play various roles in the food web as herbivores, omnivores/detritivores and carnivores.
Prey-predator and competition relationships among copepods and ichthyoplankton have been pointed out
previously, thus, the abundance and community structure of copepods directly affect the dynamics of fisheryresources. However, studies on the early life stages of small pelagic fishes around the Kuroshio are mostly limited
to sea surface temperature and current. We investigated community structure and species diversity of copepods,
and compared with distribution patterns of eggs and larvae of small pelagic fishes (Japanese sardine and mackerels)
and oceanic environment around spawning and nursery grounds of the Kuroshio to the Kuroshio Extension area.
The survey was conducted in spring (April of May) during 2012 to 2014 from the Kuroshio area east of 138˚E to147˚E, the downstream Kuroshio Extension area. Community structure analysis revealed copepod communities
that appeared through all year (2 communities at 45% similarity) and communities specific to each year (3communities at 45% similarity). One of the former communities showed lower copepod abundance and higher
species diversity with high water temperature and salinity, whereas, the other showed higher copepod abundance,
nutrient and chlorophyll concentration, where eggs and larvae of small pelagic fishes were also abundant.

November 1, 14:40 (S2-13308)

Comparative analysis of the early growth history of Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis
from different spawning grounds and nursery areas
Mikio Watai1, Yuko Hiraoka2, Taiki Ishihara2, Izumi Yamasaki3, Tomoko Ota2, Seiji Ohshimo4 and Carlos Augusto
Strüssmann5
1
2
3
4
5

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Japan. E-mail: mwatai@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shizuoka, Japan
Fisheries Agency of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

This study compared the growth history of young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific bluefin tuna (PBF; Thunnus
orientalis) from three cohorts (born in the Nansei Islands area and grown up in the Pacific coast of Japan, born in
the Nansei Islands areas and grown up in the Sea of Japan, and born and grown up in the Sea of Japan) in five year
classes (2011–2015). Larval growth rates of PBF in the Sea of Japan were highly variable compared to those in the
Nansei Islands areas and were not necessarily higher in the former as expected from the inherent higher primaryand secondary productivity of the Sea of Japan. The uncoupling of larval growth rates on food abundance in the
Sea of Japan appears to be related to the thermal instability and the proximity of winter in relation to the spawningseason in this area. Unlike larvae, local-born juveniles and Nansei Islands-born YOY inhabiting the Sea of Japan
had high growth rates compared to those in the Pacific in a manner that is consistent with the higher productivity
in this area.

21

PICES-2018

November 1, 15:00 (S2-13633)

Oceanographic conditions and the spatial distribution of saury, sardine and mackerels in
the open waters of the Northwest Pacific based on the fishery-independent R/V “Hokkomaru” survey data
Elena Ustinova1, Hideaki Kidokoro2, Dmitry Antonenko1 and Hiroomi Miyamoto3
1
2
3

Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: elena.ustinova@tinro-center.ru
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shiogama, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Hachinohe, JapanThe fishery-independent surveys conducted annually in prior to major fishing season by scientific research
vessels of Japan are suitable for the studies of the oceanographic conditions influence on the distribution ofsaury (Cololabis saira), mackerels (Scomber japonicus and Scomber australasicus) and sardine (Sardinops
melanostictus) in the open waters of the Northwest Pacific because they transects the Subarctic frontal zone andwaters to north and south with various nutrient properties and food availability. We analyzed the influence by theexample of R/V “Hokko-maru” survey in 2017. The spatial distribution of the species corresponded to the water
masses composition and proper fronts, with the exception of a single station where salps were in abundance. The
species of the “Kuroshio ichthyocene”, which migrate to the subarctic frontal zone and further to the north, werecaught in mixed and transformed waters in June. Key dynamic structures (oceanic branches of the Kuroshio,
Oyashio, Subarctic and Kuril currents, Isoguchi Jet and mesoscale eddies) and related oceanographic fronts haveeffect on the migration patterns. In 2017 the flow of transformed subtropical water spread farther north thanusual and characterized by positive temperature and salinity anomalies in the 0-350 m layer. The relatively strong
northeastward “third” Kuroshio branch (or Isoguchi Jet) was favorable for more intense northward migrations in
the food-rich subarctic waters. According to the data of TINRO-Center’s R/Vs, in June the large nutrient supply
was found in the central region of the Western Subarctic cyclonic Gyre, and in July-August the maximum catchesof mackerels and sardine were recorded here.

November 1, 15:20 (S2-13630)

Spatial-temporal variations in the distribution and abundance of loligo squids in Shandong
offshore of Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea in relation to environmental factors
Bin Wang1, Yongjun Tian1, 2, Yumeng Pang3, Caihong Fu4, Peng Sun1, Chi Zhang1, Shuyang Ma1, Rong Wan5 andJianchao Li1
1
2

3
4
5

Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. E-mail: wb9308@126.com
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology, Aushanwei, Qingdao
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 6N7, Canada
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai

In spite of the declines in traditionally commercially-important fishery resources in China Seas under overexploitation, cephalopods have been increasing and becoming major targets of fishing. Among cephalopods inYellow Sea and Bohai Sea, loligo squids (Loligo spp., mainly Loligo japonica and Loligo beka) are the mostcommercially-important species. Their landings increased gradually from several thousand tons in 1980s to its
peak around thirty thousand tons in the late 2000s. Because of the short lifespan of squids, their spatial-temporalvariations in the distribution and abundance associate largely with environmental factors and then affect thefluctuation in landings accordingly. In this study, we explored the spatial-temporal variations in the distribution
and abundance of loligo squids based on four seasonal bottom trawl surveys during 2016-2017, and examined
impacts of environmental factors using generalized additive models (GAM). Results showed that the abundanceof loligo squids exhibited distinct seasonal and spatial variation patterns with the highest abundance in the fall
(October) and the lowest in the spring (May). High distribution was occurred in the south of Shandong Peninsula,particularly in the Haizhou Bay which is the primary spawning ground of loligo squids in Yellow Sea. GAM analysis
indicated that the distribution was affected by SST, water depth, and salinity; while the abundance increased
with SST (within 5-16°C) and salinity (>31 psu) but the water depth has no significant effect. The variations inspatial-temporal distribution and abundance may relate to their spawning and overwintering migrations as well as
response to seasonal environmental changes. The present research has important implications for the sustainableutilization and management of cephalopods in the over-exploited China Seas.
22

PICES-2018

November 1, 15:40 (S2-13754) CANCELLED

Effects of environmental change and exploitation on marine communities around theZhoushan archipelago: A functional traits perspective
Yongjiu Xu, Rijin Jiang, Qiang Hao, Wenbin Zhu, Cody Szuwalski, Shengqiang Wang, Cungen Yu
School of Fishery, Zhejiang Ocean University, 1 Haida South Rd., Zhejiang, 316022, PR China. E-mail: xyj-20012318@hotmail.com

The Zhoushan Archipelago is a traditional spawning and nursery grounds for many commercial species in Zhejiang,
China. Seasonal changes in environmental conditions and fishing pressure likely influence the dynamics of theecosystem and we performed bottom trawl surveys at 80 stations during the November of 2015 and May of 2016
to better understand these dynamics. This period of time roughly corresponds to the beginning and closure of the
trawl fishing season, respectively and spans relatively large changes in environmental conditions. We identified
two distinct habitats (bay and offshore) based on salinity, temperature and turbidity. Species composition withinthese habitats varied significantly by season in terms of their functional traits (such as abundance and body size).
The average CPUEs for the Harpadon nehereus, Planktivore, Shrimp, and Crab decreased over the study period
by an average of 68%; the average CPUEs for the Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and Invertivore increased by
360%. The average sizes for all the functional groups except Harpadon nehereus decreased by 58%. The size
distribution of these groups varied significantly by season. The decreasing numbers of large size species (suchas Harpadon nehereus and Crab) and increasing numbers of small size species (such as Amblychaeturichthys
hexanema and Invertivore) from autumn to spring were observed. Temperature, cumulative fishing pressure andwater stratification, explained 20% and 8% for temporal variation of the functional group traits (abundance andsize, respectively) in the two seasons. Our results suggest that seasonal size dynamics of marine community arelikely driven by the reproduction strategy related to temperature and changes in fishing pressure resulting fromthe summer fishing moratorium.

November 1, 16:20 (S2-13536)

A predictive modeling approach for single stocks, fish community and fisheries ecosystems
Hui Liu1 and George Sugihara2
1
2

Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553, USA. E-mail: liuh@tamug.edu
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

A predictive understanding of ecological processes driving population dynamics remains a challenge in fisheries
research. Increasing evidence shows that biological populations often exhibit nonlinearity wherein associations
among variables depend on changing ecosystem states. However, most standard models fail to capture thecomplexity of ecological processes and are typically grounded in the concept of linear and equilibrium systems
having constant associations. Nonlinear time series (NLTS) models using nonparametric empirical dynamic
methods (EDM) exhibit considerable promise in modeling complex dynamics and deciphering causal mechanisms
and have been broadly applied to ecological research. In this presentation, we will focus on an overview of recent
applications of the NLTS models to fisheries ecosystem research, which includes forecasting relative abundanceindices of Red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, examining nonlinear dynamic featuresand structure of fish communities on Georges Bank, and exploring dynamic associations between zooplankton
and fish linked to environmental variability and the driving processes of ecosystem dynamics on the Northeast
Atlantic continental shelf.

23

PICES-2018

November 1, 16:40 (S2-13512)

Future of nutrients, fish, and fisheries in the California and Kuroshio Currents: A multimodel approach
Tyler D. Eddy and Ryan R. Rykaczewski
University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, US. E-mail: tyler.eddy@sc.edu

There are many different representations of how nutrients and energy flow through marine ecosystems andbecome available for fish and fisheries. To address how different approaches in earth system models contributeto variability in future fisheries projections, we use climate change projections from two different modelintercomparison projects (MIPs); CMIP and Fish-MIP. First, we examine nutrient supply to the California andKuroshio Current ecosystems in earth system models to understand the underlying mechanisms and assumptions
leading to variability in climate change projections. Secondly, we use global fisheries and marine ecosystemprojections from Fish-MIP to describe how variability in nutrient flux among ESMs propagates to projections offisheries productivity. We then quantify the relative amount of variability in fisheries production that is attributable
to choice of fish model.

November 1, 17:00 (S2-13787)

Defining isoscapes in the Northeast Pacific as an index of ocean productivity
Boris Espinasse1,2, Brian Hunt1,2,3, Sonia Batten4 and Evgeny Pakhomov1,2,3
1

2
3
4

Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
E-mail: bespinasse@eoas.ubc.ca
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hakai Institute, Heriot bay, BC, Canada
CPR Survey, Marine Biological Association, Nanaimo, Canada

While high seas are the feeding grounds of many important fish species, the costs and the logistical difficulties
of working far from the coast have historically limited research in this area hampering our understanding of thisecosystem. The CPR and Line-P programs have collected samples from the coast to the open ocean in the NE
Pacific over the last two decades. We used these data as a basis to build a model describing the spatial distributionof the carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope signatures of large zooplankton species. Satellite data
provided a set of predictors that allowed us to generate maps for δ13C and δ15N and to investigate the interannual
variability in their distributions. Distance to the coast, sea level anomaly, and sea surface temperature were selected
as significant parameters to model δ13C while mixed layer depth was also important for δ15N. The generationof isoscapes over several years showed a large interannual variability in distribution pattern, although a coast/
offshore gradient, more or less steep depending on the presence of along slope eddies, was always observable.
The δ15N distribution showed more variability in the Gulf of Alaska whereas low production resulted in relatively
stable δ13C values. Large zooplankton abundances were mapped on isoscapes to investigate if they can be usedefficiently as an ocean productivity index. This type of approach will help to better understand the conditions
experienced by foraging fish, such as Pacific salmon, and detail the link between large-scale climate change andhigh seas fisheries production.

24

PICES-2018

November 1, 17:20 (S2-13456) CANCELLED

Food sources and trophic structure of fishes and benthic macroinvertebrates in a
subtropical seagrass meadow revealed by stable isotope analysis
Jianguo Du, Zehao Chen, and Meiling Xie
The Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China. E-mail: dujianguo@tio.org.cn

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was used to examine the food sources and trophic structure of 25
fish and 31 benthic macroinvertebrates in a seagrass meadow in Hainan Province, China. The seagrass, theirassociated epiphytes, sediment organic matter (SOM) and particulate organic matter (POM) were identified to be
the food sources, with δ13C values ranging from −23.35 (POM) to −9.56‰ (seagrass). The δ13C of the 56 faunataxa were wide, between −22.65 and −10.57‰, indicated the variety of food sources. For bivalves, SOM andepiphytes are the main sources of organic carbon. For most gastropods and fish, epiphytes and seagrass are themain contributors. These findings show that seagrass and their epiphytes are consumed by most of the fish andbenthic macroinvertebrates, and are important for a large portion of the food web in seagrass meadows in thesubtropical areas.

November 1, 17:40 (S2-13565)

Modeling seasonal and inter-annual variability of trophic transfer and 15N stable isotope
enrichment within the planktonic food chain
S. Lan Smith1, Yoshikazu Sasai1 and Chisato Yoshikawa2
1
2

Research and Development Centre for Global Change Research, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: lanimal@jamstec.go.jp
Department of Biogeochemistry, JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, JapanThe stable isotope 15N is widely used an indicator of trophic level, and has been incorporated into ecosystemmodels in order to understand nitrogen cycling and trophic transfer. However, such studies typically consider only
the average enrichment per trophic level. We present a recently developed Trophic Level Variability (TLV) modelof the dynamic fractionation of the stable isotope 15N in lower-trophic ecosystems of the North Pacific. The modelaccounts for the dynamics of trophic transfer from nutrients (nitrate and ammonium) to phytoplankton, and to
two idealized zooplankton compartments representing herbivores and carnivores, respectively. The d15N signal of
herbivores tracks that of phytoplankton, with a nearly constant offset, i.e., enrichment by a nearly constant factor.
However, the modeled d15N difference between carnivores and herbivores varies seasonally, and depends on themortality rate (turnover time or effective lifespan) of the carnivores. Seasonal variations of modeled d15N signals
differ with trophic level because carnivores integrate the signal from their 15N uptake over longer timescales
compared to herbivores. Thus, the model reproduces the lower observed variability of d15N for carnivorous
zooplankton (chaetognaths) and the more variable d15N for largely herbivorous zooplankton (copepods). Our
results imply that for interpreting observed d15N values, it is important to consider not only the average enrichment
per trophic level, but also the dynamics of 15N fractionation and the timing of observations. We will also present
some simulations illustrating how this modeling framework can be used to project changes in trophic transfer
under climate change scenarios.

25

PICES-2018

S3: Science communication for North Pacific marine science
November 1, (S3-13823)-Plenary

Reaching our audience: How do we better communicate interdisciplinary marine science?
Lessons and challenges from the U.S. North Pacific and beyond
Alan Haynie
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, USA. E-mail: Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov

Even the best scientific research has little impact if it is not effectively communicated. In PICES, ICES,
and other national and international marine science and management organizations, there is growing
recognition that humans are central actors in marine systems who must be included to accurately
capture any ecosystem’s dynamics. Research and data about human behavior and preferences are being
incorporated into marine science and management through many new vehicles and tools. Increasingly
common among these tools are Integrated Ecosystem Assessments (IEAs), which attempt to describe thediversity of interactions that occur within an ecosystem, including human uses, impacts, and benefits.
The development of these new tools raises a number of questions and communications challenges. How doscientists develop trust with resource users to better understand how stakeholders relate to the environment?
How do scientists work across disciplines to effectively conduct interdisciplinary work? How do managers
trade-off economic and biological impacts of management actions and how do they weigh benefits to different
user groups? How much information do managers need or want to understand ecosystem processes? This talkattempts to address these questions and discusses the incorporation and communication of human activities inseveral large interdisciplinary projects and IEAs in the U.S. North Pacific and in other countries. These diverse
experiences provide a roadmap for how social and natural scientists can more effectively communicate withdiverse stakeholders to improve IEAs and interdisciplinary projects, with the goal of improving marine scienceand resource management.

November 1, 11:00 (S3-13274)

From evidence to action: Challenges and solutions for working across the science-policy
interface
Abigail McQuatters-Gollop
Plankton and Policy Research Group, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
E-mail: abigail.mcquatters-gollop@plymouth.ac.uk

Good policy decisions about the marine environment are based on scientific evidence. Working across the sciencepolicy interface is challenging, however, as these two different communities have separate objectives, ways ofcommunicating, areas of expertise, and even disparate languages. Understanding and communicating ocean
acidification (OA)-driven changes is particularly complex, as for example, laboratory and mesocosm results may
not agree with empirical observations from ocean time-series, and OA-related changes are occurring in parallelwith changes caused by direct human impacts and warming. For policy makers to make informed decisions
about marine management, robust scientific information about the ecological and societal effects of OA are
needed, despite these scientific challenges. This talk uses a case study from the successful science-policy project,
EcApRHA (Applying an Ecosystem Approach to (sub) Regional Habitat Assessment), to present challenges andsolutions to communicating OA across the science-policy interface. From project conception through to policy
assessment, innovative and active engagement methods were used to gain policy feedback, help frame the sciencein policy terms, and gather consensus from the wider scientific research community. Open communication andtrust between scientists and decision-makers was instrumental to project success, which required compromises
and altered ways of working on both sides of the science-policy interface. Project results are now underpinning
implementation of a pan-European piece of marine biodiversity policy. The lessons learned through this sciencepolicy collaboration are wide ranging and applicable across multiple spatial and political scales.

26

PICES-2018

November 1, 11:20 (S3-13307)

Fate of antibiotic resistance in estuaries and marine environment
Guangshui Na1, Linxiao Zhang1,2 , Hui Gao1, Ruijing Li1, Shuaichen Jin1, Qianwei Li1,3, Caixia Wang1,3 and Wanli
Zhang1,3
1

2
3

Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecology and Environment of State Oceanic Administration, National Marine Environmental Monitoring
Center, Dalian, PR China. E-mail: gsna@nmemc.org.cn
College of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, PR China
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China

As antibiotic resistance is an exacerbating global problem, the environmental behaviors and migration patternsof antibiotic resistance have attracted considerable interest. Estuaries and marine environment are key areas forunderstanding the fate of antibiotic resistance after release into aquatic environments. In order to investigate the
distribution of antibiotic resistance in estuaries and marine environment and effect of environmental conditions,the Liaohe Estuary, Daliaohe Estuary and Laizhou Bay were selected as the representative areas of estuaries andmarine environment. The results showed that: (1) Sulfonamides and quinolone antibiotics are commonly foundin the estuaries and marine environment, but the concentrations of antibiotics were much lower than those in theinland environment such as rivers and urban sewage. (2) Although the concentrations of antibiotics were very
low, antibiotic resistance pollution was widespread in the estuaries and coastal marine environment. The detection
rates of sul1 and sul2 were 100%, and sul3, aac(6’)-Ib and qnrS also have been detected. The average resistancelevels of E. coli in the Liaohe and Daliaohe estuaries and Laizhou Bay were 35.5% and 26.0%, respectively. The
distribution of antibiotic resistance in the process from river to ocean was decreasing. (3)The contribution of
antibiotics on the distribution and migration of antibiotic resistance in the estuaries and marine environment was
lower than those of heavy metals and physicochemical parameters (salinity, temperature, and pH).

November 1,11:40 (S3-13511)

Citizen engagement through shoreline cleanup litter data: British Columbia case study
Vanessa R. Fladmark, Cassandra Konecny, and Santiago J. De La Puente
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: vfladmark@eoas.ubc.ca

The Great Canadian Shoreline Cleanup is a citizen science program that has been collecting shoreline litter datafor over a decade since the organization’s conception in 1994. However, these data had never been analyzed orvisualized until an ambitious group of UBC graduate students tackled the problem of organizing and analyzing
the dataset. This project compiled data on volunteer effort, engagement and the different types and sources of litter
found on the coast of British Columbia, Canada. Results indicated that litter type and quantity were consistentthroughout time, highlighting positive impacts of physical removal of debris but also the need to create more
beneficial changes in communities, local waste policies and global plastic use. Additionally, a novel, web-based
Shiny app was created with these data, in an effort to further engage the public on how they can influence shorelines.
Through advocating for changes in policy, participating in cleanups, changing their behaviour and limiting plastic
use. The app aims to facilitate these changes, demonstrating the impacts that altering littering habits and improving
management can have on shoreline litter by displaying the data in an interactive and freely accessible format.
Furthermore, “on the ground” work needs to be continued and amplified, as cleanups enhance a sense of marine
citizenship and responsibility in the public to protect their beaches and oceans. Informal avenues for engagementand discussion, through social media and face-to-face interactions at shoreline cleanups, are incredibly powerfulways for scientists to discuss crucial issues affecting ocean health and create public awareness.

27

PICES-2018

November 1,12:00 (S3-13684)

Outreach program for encouraging sustainable use of fish stock resources by consumers
around Japan: Sustainable, Healthy and “Umai” Nippon seafood (SH“U”N) Project
Yoshioki Oozeki1, Toyomitsu Horii1, Tatsu Kishida2, Ryutaro Kamiyama2, Mitsutaku Makino2, Mai Miyamoto3,
Nami Miyamoto2, Yuko Murata2, Takumi Mitani2, Aigo Takeshige3, Yasuji Tamaki2, Shinji Uehara2, Hiroki
Wakamatsu2, Shingo Watari2 and Shiroh Yonezaki3
1
2

Headquarters, FRA, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: oozeki@afrc.go.jp
NRIFS, FRA, Yokohama, Japan, 3NRIFSF, FRA, Yokohama, Japan“Sustainability” is one of the key themes of SDGs. Fisheries eco-label is a tool to attract consumers’ attention to
the “Sustainability” of fisheries products. In the Tokyo Olympic games 2020, several fisheries eco-labels such as
MSC or a Japanese program (MEL-Japan) are accepted as the official certificate. The SH“U”N project, launched by
the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA) on 2016, deliver a comprehensive and peer-reviewed
evaluation on the sustainability of the fisheries products around Japan. Based on the four science-based essential
pillars for fisheries sustainability, i.e., stock status, ecosystem impact, socio-economic influences, and governanceperformances, a transparent evaluation procedure was designed following the criteria of the United Nation’s Foodand Agriculture Organization’s Code of Conduct and eco-labelling guidelines. The SH“U”N Project has provided
comprehensive information on the sustainability of 10 species at 12 regions and evaluation reports of 17 species
are in the line of reviewing process at present. This project also serves an outreach smartphone application formaking the concept of sustainability seem closer to the consumers based on the results of evaluation. We hope thescientific information provided by this project will enhance the consciousness of consumers, and be utilized byfishers or companies for the applications to the fisheries eco-labels such as MEL-Japan, MSC, etc. Communication
with users (fishers’ organization, local government, MSC, MEL-Japan, etc.) has started. Their opinions are the key
for the better science outreach.

November 1,12:20 (S3-13786)

CANCELLED

Bridging fisheries knowledge and documenting socio-ecological change in Alaska fishingcommunities
Sarah P. Wise
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: sarah.wise@noaa.gov

This paper focuses on several methods used to integrate and co-produce socio-ecological knowledge of thechanging marine environment in Alaska. Fishing communities in the North Pacific are directly affected by a rapidlychanging marine environment. These communities rely heavily on living marine resources, and are experiencing
threats to food security, subsistence practice, and cultural sustainability. These same communities have enduringhistorical, social, and ecological ties to the coastal environment and have gathered local and traditional knowledge(L&TK) on ecosystems and marine resources undergoing environmental change. Although there has been interest
among resource managers to consider L&TK, in addition to conventional science, in developing management
strategies, the methods of equitable inclusion continue to be debated. The paper identifies specific approaches
used by Alaska Fisheries Science Center researchers to communicate complex social and ecological concepts,
while engaging experts in collaborative processes of knowledge production. Knowledge exchange workshops,
oral histories, and story mapping have been used by Alaska Fisheries Science Center researchers to integrate andoperationalize diverse expert knowledge toward shared socio-ecological sustainability objectives. These methods
are designed to bring key resource users, scientists, managers, and experts together in multiple ways to shareknowledge and document changing conditions over time. Drawing from select socio-ecological research projects
conducted among Alaska fishing communities, this paper identifies methods in which expert knowledge is sharedand outlines lessons learned for future work.

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PICES-2018

November 1,12:40 (S3-13794)

An overview of stakeholder directed communication in the Pacific Islands
Siri Hakala1, Jamison Gove1, and Rebecca Ingram1,2
1
2

Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: siri.hakala@noaa.gov
Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA

The US Pacific Islands Region is comprised of over 40 islands and atolls spanning 45° of latitude and 60° of
longitude, encompassing areas from the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas Islands, to American Samoa,
to the Hawaiian Islands. These island-communities are strongly impacted by changes in climate and to theirecosystems. NOAA’s Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center (PIFSC) engages in a variety of ecosystemassessments in which stakeholder engagement is an important component, including efforts to communicate thescience that informs marine resource management decisions. This talk will highlight an Integrated Ecosystem
Assessment (IEA) that incorporates input from resource managers, scientists, and community members to informthe structure of the assessment (e.g., what is assessed) and provides mechanisms for feedback of the assessment
results once completed. The successes and challenges of this project will be examined, as well as how it fits into
the overall efforts of a U.S. federal science center to listen, engage, and educate our stakeholders.

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S4: Indicators for assessing and monitoring biodiversity of biogenic habitats
October 30, 11:00 (S4-13832) Invited

Identifying mechanistic indicators of coral reef resilience
Yves-Marie Bozec
Marine Spatial Ecology Lab, School of Biological Sciences & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, University of Queensland,
St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. E-mail: y.bozec@uq.edu.au

Coastal biogenic habitats are vulnerable to disturbances that affect the ecology and dynamics of foundation(habitat forming) species. Efficient ecosystem management requires the continued assessments of the abundance,
diversity and function of foundation species, but also a good understanding of their dynamics and responses
to environmental forcing and ecological controls, including the feedbacks that may emerge from the provisionof functional habitats. While many ecological indicators inform on the current state of biogenic habitats (e.g.,benthic cover, habitat structural complexity) and associated fauna (e.g., fish density and biomass), these alone
are often insufficient to evaluate the ability of the ecosystem to persist. Indicators of population dynamics (e.g.,
recruitment and growth) and ecological interactions affecting the demographics of foundation species (e.g.,competition, consumption) are more informative about the functioning of biogenic habitats and their potential
response to disturbances. This talk will summarize recent research aiming at developing mechanistic indicatorsof the dynamics of coral reef habitats under multiple disturbances (e.g., overfishing, global warming). Combining
field-based indicators of coral reef state and functioning allows explaining recent habitat dynamics with ecologicalprocesses. Integrating these indicators into mechanistic modeling provides a framework that helps predicting theresilience of coral reef habitats to different scenarios of disturbance, i.e. their capacity to recover or shift into analternative state. This framework offers the strongest support to reef monitoring and management.

October 30, 11:30 (S4-13749)

Assessment of species diversity and dominance of shallow water corals using environmental
DNA
Go Suzuki1, Hiroshi Yamashita1, Yuna Zayasu2, and Chuya Shinzato3
1

2
3

Yaeyama Laboratory, Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency; Ishigaki, Japan.
E-mail: gosuzu@fra.affrc.go.jp
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, JapanFor easier assessment of the species diversity of reef building corals, we developed a novel method for monitoringof Acropora corals from environmental DNA (eDNA) in seawater using next generation sequencing technology(NGS). We performed a tank experiment with running seawater using 19 Acropora species. Complete mitochondrial
genomes of all the Acropora species were assembled to create a database and major types of their Symbiodinium
symbionts were identified. Then eDNA was isolated by filtering inlet and outlet seawater from the tanks. We
detected all of the tested Acropora types from eDNA samples. Proportions and numbers of DNA sequences wereboth positively correlated with masses of corals in the tanks. In this trial, we detected DNA sequences from as little
as 0.04 kg of Acropora colony, suggesting that existence of at least one adult Acropora colony (30 cm diameter = 1kg) per m2 at depths <10m could be detected using eDNA in the field. Although this is the initial attempt to detect
coral and Symbiodinium simultaneously from eDNA in seawater, this method may allow us to perform highfrequency, high-density coral reef monitoring of coral species composition and their health conditions without
specialized skills to identify coral species using morphological traits.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 11:50 (S4-13697)

Application of association analysis for identifying VME indicator taxa based on sea-floor
visual images
Mai Miyamoto1 and Masashi Kiyota2
12

National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: maim@affrc.go.jp
Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

Some species of cold-water corals are known to form complex reef-like structure and provide habitats to otheranimals on the deep sea-floor in several areas of the world ocean. Due to their slow growth, long life span andslow recovery from physical damage, as well as the habitat forming property, cold-water corals are considered asimportant components of the vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). We analyzed the visual images of the seafloor observation surveys using the drop camera system collected by R/V Kaiyo-maru in the past eight years to
identify effective indicators of benthic community diversity in the Emperor Seamounts area. The benthic animals
taken in each sea-floor footage were identified to family or order levels, and their occurrence frequencies were
calculated. Using the density of benthic taxa in sampling locations as multivariate distance data, we classified
the sea-floor photographing sites or benthic taxa into clusters according to Ward’s method to characterize thebenthic community in the study area. Then association analysis, which is commonly used for discovering hidden
relationships among purchased items in market transaction data, was applied to the occurrence data per sea-floor
photographing site to explore the co-occurring relationships of benthic animals as association rules that represent
strong relationship like A (condition part) →B (conclusion part) are extracted.

October 30, 12:10 (S4-13705)

Marine biogenic habitats: Assessing benthic cover and species-habitat associations
Tse-Lynn Loh, Stephanie K. Archer, and Anya Dunham
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd., BC, V9T 6N7, Canada.
E-mail: Anya.Dunham@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Biogenic habitats play a number of important ecosystem roles, including the provision of physical structure,modification of wave and current patterns, contribution to biogeochemical cycling, and the facilitation of primary,secondary, and tertiary production. Many biogenic habitats also host a range of commercially important species athigher densities than surrounding habitats. However, the functional linkages between these commercially important
species and habitat presence, extent, and quality are not well understood, particularly in deep sea ecosystems.
Determining these linkages is necessary for understanding the role of biogenic habitats in sustainable fisheries
production and for selecting ecologically relevant indicators for conservation and monitoring. In this paper, we(1) review methods used for quantifying structure-forming organism cover in biogenic habitats in general, (2)review and classify the types of documented functional associations between commercially important species
and biogenic habitats, with a focus on the North Pacific, (3) present a protocol to quantitatively assess a newly
discovered biogenic habitat type (glass sponge reefs), and (4) discuss implications for indicator development,
while identifying knowledge gaps and future research needs for marine benthic assessments.

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October 30, 12:30 (S4-13513) CANCELLED

Patterns in fish associations with corals and sponges and diversity in two divergent
ecosystems in Alaska
Christopher N. Rooper, Pam Goddard, and Rachel Wilborn
RACE Division, NMFS-Alaska Fishery Science Center, NOAA NMFS AFSC RACE, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4, WA, 98115, USA.
E-mail: chris.rooper@noaa.gov

The role of deep-sea coral and sponge communities as habitat for marine fishes has been widely deliberated.
Almost all studies that have looked for associations between corals and sponges and fishes (especially rockfishes)
have found significant relationships. However, rockfishes also thrive in areas largely devoid of corals and sponges.
The objective of this study was to compare the association of fish species with deep-sea coral and sponges andother available benthic structure across different spatial scales in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and AleutianIslands (AI). The two ecosystems were found to have much different abundances of corals and sponges (withthe AI densities roughly 3 orders of magnitude higher than the EBS). At broad scales, the results showed thatrockfish species and Pacific cod were significantly correlated to structured seafloors. At smaller scales (the scaleof individual fish) only Pacific cod, northern rockfish and Pacific Ocean perch had significant associations withstructure. We used stereo imagery to measure the distance between fish and structure, and found that the strengthof associations (measured by distance to and overall affinity to structure) was weak for fish >40 cm. The size ofthe structure did not appear to matter to fish. We also found that rockfish preferred sponge to other structure, when
all were available. These relationships were consistent across ecosystems, indicating that even though rockfish
densities and coral and sponge abundance were very different between the EBS and AI, the ecological processes
guiding habitat use by rockfish was consistent.

October 30, 14:00 (S4-13454)

Modelling the environmental niche space and distributions of cold-water corals andsponges in the northeast Pacific Ocean
Jackson W.F. Chu1, Jessica Nephin1, Samuel Georgian2, Anders Knudby3, Chris Rooper4 and Katie S.P. Gale1
1
2
3
4

Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC Canada. E-mail: jwfchu@gmail.com
Marine Conservation Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Geography, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA

Cold water corals and sponges (CWCS) have important roles in deep-sea habitat formation, local biodiversity
enhancement, and nutrient cycling. Because of their biological traits, CWCS are indicators of vulnerable marine
ecosystems (VMEs) and used to identify targets for marine conservation and fisheries management. Although theNortheast Pacific region of Canada (NEPC) is notable for having several unique CWCS communities, the extent
of potential CWCS-defined VMEs in this region are unknown. We analyzed a compilation of n=7,842 occurrence
records for six groups of habitat forming CWCS (demosponges, glass sponges, black corals, soft corals, stonycorals, sea pens) with a suite of 1 km2 gridded environmental layers (n=31) to examine niche space differences,develop individual species distribution models, and generate spatial predictions of CWCS habitat suitability in
the NEPC. While all CWCS groups differed in niche space and breadth, black corals fall out as having a wide
niche breadth over a relatively rare habitat type in this region. Among influential environmental variables, silicic
acid was the top predictor for sponges, while low dissolved oxygen levels were important for all CWCS groups.
When we compared our predicted maps of CWCS HS with sites delineated using ecologically and biologicallysignificant area (EBSA) criteria, there was a substantial spatial overlap among areas of high CWCS HS with the
EBSA polygons. Our results highlight broad scale factors that influence the distributions of CWCS in the NEPC
and are the pre-requisite in identifying additional marine conservation targets using VME criteria.

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October 30, 14:20 (S4-13474) CANCELLED

Building the indicator system to assess the ecosystem health of Laizhou Bay based on
Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Fangyuan QuFirst Institute of Oceanography, SOA, No.6 Xianxialing Rd., Qingdao, PR China, 266061. E-mail: qfy@fio.org.cn.

Laizhou Bay, knowing as a famous feeding and spawning ground for marine economic animals of China, hasbeen suffering from the pollution stress since 1970s with the rapid development of fishing industry, agriculture,
oil and gas industry, mariculture and transportation. Trace metal pollution has been recognized as the major
pollutants in the Laizhou Bay, along with other pollutants. This reduced environment has led to the alterationof Laizhou Bay ecosystem. Shift in dominant fish species and the reduction in fish size has been recorded from1959 to 2008. The dominant fish species of high economic value and large-size have been replaced by the shortlived, low-trophic-level planktivorous pelagic species since the 1980s. Thus, it is urgent to develop a method toassess the ecosystem health of Laizhou Bay. The indicator system we established had three levels, 16 different
indicators. These indicators can comprehensively reflect the various aspects of Laizhou Bay ecosystem health,such as: physic-chemical environment, community structure and ecosystem status. The weight of each indicator
was determined by Analytic Hierarchy Process. We applied this system to assess the ecosystem health of Laizhou
Bay by utilizing environmental and biological data of a Aug. 2013 cruise. The Comprehensive ecosystem healthindex of Laizhou Bay in Aug. 2013 was 0.51 which indicated a moderate ecosystem health status. This result wasin accordance with the current status of Laizhou Bay. This indicator system has implications for Laizhou Bay
ecosystem rehabilitation and conservation.

October 30, 14:40 (S4-13380) CANCELLED

Ecosystem health assessment: Indicators and models
Weiwei Yu, Bin Chen, Wenjia Hu and Xiaofen Zhu
The Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, China. E-mail: yuweiwei@tio.org.cn

Ecosystem health assessment is essential for ecosystem management. In this study, a quantitative approach wasdeveloped and applied to assess ecosystem health of Daya Bay, China. (1) A set of indicators were proposed basedon PSR framework. Pressure indicators included physical and chemical pressures. A framework of state indicators
was developed based on key ecosystem services derived from coastal bay ecosystem, including supporting,providing, regulating, and cultural services. Response indicators encompassed protected area construction,
sewage treatment, and employment rate. (2) The conceptual model and equation was proposed including twoparts: present status assessment and future status prediction. For the former, a comprehensive index of present
status was calculated based on state indicators, with value ranging from 0 to 100 where a higher score implieda healthier ecosystem. For the latter, pressure and response were incorporated to characterize the nearly-future
potential impact, which then was combined with the present status to predict the future status. (3) The results ofcase study in Daya Bay demonstrated that present status score was 79.38, while only tiny increase of about 1.54
occured for future status in nearly 5 years. This study provides a means for calculating and mapping ecosystem
health, which is essential tool for ecosystem assessment, may be applied widely for marine ecosystem-based
assessment.

33

PICES-2018

October 30, 15:00 (S4-13312)

Comparison of nematode assemblages associated with Sargassum muticum in its native
range in South Korea and as an invasive species in the English Channel
Hyeong-Gi Kim1,3, Lawrence E. Hawkins1, Jasmin A. Godbold1, Chul-Woong OH2, Hyun Soo Rho3 and Stephen
J Hawkins1,4
1

2
3
4

Ocean and Earth Science, National Oceanography Centre Southampton, University of Southampton, Southampton SO14 3ZH, United
Kingdom. E-mail: kimhg@kiost.ac.kr
Department of Marine Biology, Pukyoung National University, Busan, 36315, R. Korea
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Gyeongbuk, 48513, R. Korea
Marine Biological Association of the UK, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, PL1 2PB United Kingdom

Canopy-forming algae are important habitat providers in coastal ecosystems. Several canopy-forming species
are invasive and have spread outside their native geographic range. The role that these invasive algae play inproviding habitat for meiofaunal species was investigated. Sargassum muticum is a native species in East Asiaand has been a successful invasive species of North America and European coasts. The nematode assemblages
living in intertidal S. muticum on the English Channel coast in Europe, where it is an invasive species, werecompared to those in within its native range on the southern coasts of Korea. Nematode assemblages were sampledusing a nested survey design (replicates nested within patches within shores within regions within coastlines ineach country). Significant differences between countries were found in nematode assemblages in terms of bothtaxonomic and functional diversity. The abundance of nematodes and species diversity were higher in Korea thanin the British Isles. Despite differences in assemblage structures between countries, some cosmopolitan nematodespecies were present in both countries. These nematode species might possibly have come from Asia to Europe
with S. muticum.

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PICES-2018

S5: Seasonal to interannual variations of meso-/submeso-scale processes in
the North Pacific
October 30, (S5-13446)-Plenary

Potential impact of ocean circulation on Japanese eel larvae migration
Yu-Lin Eda Chang1, Yasumasa Miyazawa1, Michael J. Miller2 and Katsumi Tsukamoto2
1
2

Application Laboratory, JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: ychang@jamstec.go.jp
Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan

Recruitment of Japanese eels, Anguilla japonica, has declined in recent decades possibly due to both anthropogenic
and ocean-atmosphere factors. The potential impact of ocean circulation on the decreasing Japanese eel catches,
as well as the eel larvae migration in the western North Pacific was examined based on a three-dimensional (3D)particle-tracking method, in which virtual larvae (v-larvae) were programmed to swim horizontally and vertically,in addition to being transported by ocean. The dispersion of v-larvae towards East Asia decreased in the last two
decades. In recent years, instead of entering the Kuroshio and moving towards East Asia as in the 1990s’, morev-larvae tended to enter the southern areas due to the weakening of the NEC and strengthening of subsurface
southward flow near the spawning area. This suggests that decadal changes in ocean circulation have occurredthat affect the larval migration success of the Japanese eel to their recruitment areas. In addition, the physical andbiological roles of mesoscale eddies in v-larvae migration are investigated using the idealized bio-physical coupledmodel and the 3D particle tracking method. V-larvae can be kept in eddies passively due to the nonlinearity ofmesoscale eddies and/or stay in eddies actively due to the rich food supply. Physical trapping dominates theretention of slow-swimming v-larvae, whereas biological food-attraction takes over in fast swimming cases. Fishlarvae that are retained for a longer period in cold eddies (shorter in warm eddies) are able to get more food andpotentially grow faster, thus enhancing their survival.

October 30, 11:00 (S5-13388) Invited

Seasonality in transition scale from balanced to unbalanced motions in the World Ocean
Bo Qiu1, Shuiming Chen1, Patrice Klein2, Jinbo Wang2, Hector Torres2, Lee-Lueng Fu2, and Dimitris Menemenlis2
1
2

University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA. E-mail: bo@soest.hawaii.edu
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA

The transition scale Lt from balanced geostrophic motions to unbalanced wave motions, including near-inertial
flows, internal tides and inertia-gravity waves, is explored using the output from the global 1/48° horizontal
resolution MITgcm simulation. Defined at the wavelength with equal balanced and unbalanced motion kinetic
energy (KE) spectral density, Lt is detected to be geographically highly inhomogeneous: it falls below 40km in
the western boundary current and Antarctic Circumpolar Current regions, increases to 40-100km in the interior
subtropical and subpolar gyres, and exceeds, in general, 200km in the tropical oceans. With the exception of
the Pacific and Indian Ocean sectors of the Southern Ocean, the seasonal balanced and unbalanced motion KE
levels fluctuate out-of-phase due to occurrence of mixed layer instability in winter and trapping of unbalanced
motion KE in shallow mixed layer in summer. The combined effect of these seasonal changes renders Lt to be< 20km during winter in 80% of the Northern Hemisphere oceans between 25°-45°N and all of the SouthernHemisphere oceans south of 25°S. The transition scale’s geographical and seasonal changes are highly relevantto the forthcoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) mission. To improve the detection of balanced
submesoscale signals, especially in the tropical oceans, from SWOT, effort to remove stationary internal tidal
signals is called for.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 11:30 (S5-13573)

Formation and interannual variations of baroclinic quasi-stationary jets in the transitional
domain between the subtropical and subarctic gyres in the western North Pacific
Humio Mitsudera1, Toru Miyama2, Hajime Nishigaki3, Takuya Nakanowatari4, Hatsumi Nishikawa1, Tomohiro
Nakamura1, Taku Wagawa5, Ryo Furue2, Yosuke Fujii6, and Shin-Ichi Ito7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: humiom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan.
Oita University, Oita, Japan.
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, Japan.
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Niigata, Japan.
Meteorological Research Institute, Japan Meteorological Agency, Tsukuba, Japan.
University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.

Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) exhibit complex mesoscale structures in thetransitional domain between the subtropical and subarctic gyres in the western North Pacific. Markedly sharp
SST and SSS fronts form between the cold and fresh water of Oyashio’s extension and the recently-found quasistationary jets that advect warm and saline waters originating in the Kuroshio northeastward. Here we present amechanism of the jet formation paying attention to the propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves that is deflectedby eddy-driven barotropic flows over bottom rises, although their height is low (~ 500 m) compared with thedepth of the North Pacific Ocean (~ 6000 m). Steered by the barotropic flows, Rossby waves bring a thicker upper
layer from the subtropical gyre and a thinner upper layer from the subarctic gyre, thereby creating a thickness
jump, hence a baroclinic jet, where they converge. We also present interannual variability of the quasi-stationary
jets and associated mesoscale SST and SSS variations. This study reveals an overlooked role of low-rise bottom
topography in regulating SST and SSS anomalies of interannual time scales in subpolar oceans.

October 30, 11:50 (S5-13581)

Regional turbulent characteristics of the satellite-sensed submesoscale surface chlorophyll
concentrations
Eun Ae Lee and Sung Yong Kim
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea.
E-mail: syongkim@kaist.ac.kr

The regional variability and turbulent characteristics of submesoscale surface chlorophyll concentrations are
examined with hourly maps of geostationary ocean color imagery-derived chlorophyll concentrations at a 0.5km resolution for a period of five years (2011 to 2015) over the East/Japan Sea with concurrent mesoscale andsubmesoscale observations. Two seasonal blooms occur in the spring and fall within 250 km off the coast thatare associated with constructive combinations of light exposure, nutrients, and vertical stratification. Anotherbloom occurs in the summer and is closely related to regional wind-driven upwelling events. The spring andfall blooms are more significant near the coast (within 40 km from the coast) than offshore because of the moreenergetic submesoscale horizontal shear and vortical phenomena onshore as well as their propagation in the crossshore direction. In addition, the regional spring bloom starts offshore and migrate onshore with a time delay of
one month, which may result from the onshore propagation of geostrophic currents, the deepening of the mixed
layer, and favorable nutrient fluxes from the subsurface. The wavenumber-domain energy spectra of chlorophyll
concentrations exhibit anisotropy, which may be closely related to bathymetric effects and regional circulations.
The spectral decay slopes change from k^{-5/3}$ to $k^{-1}$ at the {\it O}(10) km scales and from $k^{-1}$ to$k^{\leq -3}$ at the {\it O}(1) km scales and have weak seasonality. These results are consistent with the twodimensional quasi-geostrophic turbulence theory and can be interpreted with the baroclinic instability energizedfrom the moderate seasonal mixed layer under mesoscale regional circulations.

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October 30, 12:10 (S5-13685)

Mesoscale and large-scale dynamic features and the spatial distribution of sardine andmackerels east of the Kuril Islands in early and late summer
Elena Ustinova, Mikhail Kuznetsov, Eugeny Basyuk, and Eugeny Syrovatkin
Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO- Center), Vladivostok, Russia
E-mail: elena.ustinova@tinro-center.ru

Effects of mesoscale and large-scale oceanographic conditions on spatial distribution of sardine (Sardinops
melanostictus), and mackerels (Scomber japonicus and Scomber australasicus) were analyzed using the data
sets from the CTD and acoustic-trawl surveys conducted by TINRO-Center R/Vs in early and late summer in the
Northwest Pacific east of the Kuril Islands. The sardine and mackerels spatial distributions during their feeding
migration are substantially affected by mesoscale fronts and seasonal thermocline topography. In June, mackerel
and sardines high concentrations were confined to the high-gradient zone of the Northern Subarctic Front, mostly
from the warmer water side and the 8°C isotherm was their northern habitat limit. In July, the large majority ofboth species migrated for feeding to the subarctic area. High mackerel concentration was found in an anticycloniceddy off the Bussol Strait. However, the concentration was decreased at the northern, eastern, and southern sidesof the eddy due to the intrusion of the Kuril Current Second Branch. In late summer mackerel avoided transformed
subtropical waters. The aggregations followed topography of the thermocline upper boundary. In the daytime,mackerel formed mobile small and dense schools (3-6 m in height and 12-30 m of length). Sardine schools had
dimensions of 8-15 m in height and 60-120 m of the horizontal extent. At night, the mackerels were scattered ascontinuous belts or interrupted clusters of variable density and their highest concentration was deeper than in thedaytime. Conversely, sardine still moved in schools at nights but they were looser than in the daytime.

October 30, 12:30 (S5-13281)

Preliminarily study of MLD and SCML in the SCS using 3-D physical-biogeochemical
model
Guimei Liu1,2 and Xuanliang Ji1,2
12

National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic Administration, Beijing 100081, PR China.
E-mail: liugm@nmefc.cn
Key Laboratory of Research on Marine Hazards Forecasting, National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center, State Oceanic
Administration, Beijing 100081, PR China

In the South China Sea (SCS), under the combination influence of continental shelf, Asia monsoon, upwelling,
meso-eddies, typhoons and plenty of fisheries, there exists a strong horizontal and vertical variability of plankton
activities from seasonal to decadal time scales. On the basis of a regional ocean modeling system (ROMS), a
three dimensional physical-biogeochemical model with a resolution of 1/12˚×1/12˚ is established to investigate
the physical variations and ecosystem response in the SCS. The ROMS-Nutrient Phytoplankton Zooplankton
Detritus (NPZD) model is derived by the daily air-sea fluxes (wind stress, long wave radiation, short wave
radiation, sensible heat and latent heat, freshwater fluxes) derived from the National Centers for Environmental
Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis2 from 2001 to 2012. The results show that the correlation coefficients are 0.98 and0.51 compared with the MGDSST and ESA-oceancolor chlorophylly-a data, which means the coupled model
has a capability to reproduce the observed seasonal variation features over the same period in the SCS. The
surface chlorophyll-a over the entire SCS reveals a strong seasonal cycle, double-peak characteristic, with thehighest concentration at winter and a following value at late summer. The variability of MLD was analyzed
by the Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF). The first mod shows that the variability is same in the wholearea of SCS basically with a 42.8% proportion. The second mode shows that the variability is dipole-type, andhas a positive correlation with a rate of 0.58 when MEI leads 2 month. The third mode performs a positivenegative-positive distribution from south to north, and has a negative correlation with PDO index with a rateof -0.6. The MLD and SCML perform an opposite seasonal variation with a same double-peak feature, and thecorrelation coefficient is -0.68 between each other. The 12 a mean value of SCML is about 48.04m, and MLD
is 24.69m. The 12 a subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum value is about 0.39mg m-3, and has a positive relation
with the wind. The Correlation coefficient between subsurface chlorophyll-a maximum value and wind is 0.70.
Key words: Physical-biogeochemical model, MLD, SCML, EOF

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October 30, 14:00 (S5-13294)

Mesoscale dynamics and walleye pollock catches in the Navarin Canyon area of theBering Sea
Andrey G. Andreev, Maxim V. Budyansky, Michael Yu. Uleysky and Sergey V. Prants
Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: andreev@poi.dvo.ru

The mesoscale dynamics in the Navarin Canyon area of the Bering Sea are studied with the help of the AVISO
satellite altimetry, drifters, Argo buoys and shipborne data. We demonstrate that the strength of anticyclonic eddies
along the shelf slope in spring and summer is determined by the wind stress in March – April. The increased
southward wind stress in the central Bering Sea forced a supply of low temperature and low salinity outer shelfwater to the deep basin and formation of the anticyclonic mesoscale circulation seaward of the Navarin Canyon.
Enhanced northwestward advection of the Bering Slope Current water leads to increase in an ice-free area inMarch and April and increased bottom layer temperature at the outer shelf. The strong (weak) northwestward
advection of the eastern Bering Sea waters, determined by eastern winds in spring, creates favorable (unfavorable)
conditions for the pollock abundance in the western Navarin Canyon area in summer.

October 30, 14:20 (S5-13376)

Short-lived anomalies of hydrophysical characteristics at the continental slope off theRussian coast in the northwestern Japan/East Sea from spring through early fall
Olga Trusenkova1, Alexander Ostrovskii2, Alexander Lazaryuk1, Vyacheslav Dubina1, Svetlana Ladychenko1,
and Vyacheslav Lobanov1
1
2

V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: trolia@poi.dvo.ru
P.P. Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Moscow, Russia

The continental slope off the Russian coast in the northwestern Japan/East Sea is an extremely dynamically
active zone, with the Primorye (Liman) Current flowing southwestward, slope eddies developing inshore of it,
propagating Kelvin/coastal/shelf waves, mesoscale eddies supplying warm water from the southwest, south, andeast. To study this variability the moored Aqualog profiler was deployed at the location (42.5° N, 133.8° E,
440 m of depth) from April 18 through October 15, 2015. The previous analysis of the Aqualog data revealed
vertical isopycnal displacement with periods of 2–3.5, 8–13, and 18–22 days. Here, we consider variability ofhydrophysical characteristics along the isopycnals in spring, summer, and early fall. To link this variability todynamic structures, NOAA/AVHRR and Suomi-NPP/VIIRS infrared satellite imagery is used. Throughout therecord, short-lived positive temperature anomalies occurred along the shallowing isopycnals, which can be related
to warm water intrusions at the edges of anticyclonic eddies. Kinetic energy fluctuations were coherent in the
profiled layer, with alternating shorter energetic events and longer stagnant intervals. Cold water was detected in
the upper pycnocline on April 21–27, which can be explained by the offshore excursion of the Primorye Current
water, accompanied by the isopycnal deepening and kinetic energy decrease. In June strong easterly winds causedby the Okhotsk High resulted in energetic bursts, including strong inertial oscillations. Conversely, stagnation
occurred from mid through late September, followed by the energy increase and strong inertial oscillations in early
October due to cooling after the cyclone passage.

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October 30, 14:40 (S5-13558)

Spatio-temporal variation of anticyclonic eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific
Hiromu Ishiyama, Isao Fujita and Hiromichi Ueno
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: ueno@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Spatio-temporal variation of anticyclonic eddies in the western subarctic North Pacific was investigated thoughanalysis of eddy trajectory data. Eddies with lifetimes of 4 weeks or longer formed throughout the western subarctic
North Pacific and the formation frequency was relatively uniform. On the other hand, their mean lifetimes varied
widely from place to place: it was especially long in the area south of the Aleutian Islands between 170°E and175°E, where Aleutian eddies formed. In this area, short-lived (< 100 days) eddies dominated in formation number,
but long-lived (> 100 days) eddies dominated in the accumulated eddy-existing days. The formation number ofthe Aleutian eddy varied interannually, e.g. no eddy formed in 2007 and 5 eddies formed in 1997. The number ofliving Aleutian eddy also varied interannually, but the variation did not correspond to that of formation, e.g. thenumber of living Aleutian eddy in 2007 was 3 times as large as that in 1997 because long-lived eddies formed in2005 and 2006 and were alive in 2007. These results suggest that long-lived eddies play an important role in the
Aleutian eddy area.

October 30, 15:00 (S5-13433)

An extremely long lived Ulleung Warm Eddy from 2014 to 2017 (UWE 2014-II) in thesouthwestern East Sea (Japan Sea)
KyungJae Lee, SungHyun Nam
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. E-mail: browneyed1221@gmail.com

It is known that mesoscale eddies and their evolutional processes have a significant role in transporting andredistributing heat, energy, and materials in the marginal seas as well as global ocean. However, our understandingon basic characteristics and evolutional processes of the mesoscale eddies in the East Sea (Japan Sea) is far
from complete. Thus, we analyzed both ship-based in-situ hydrographic data and 1/4° gridded satellite altimeterdata along with an application of hybrid eddy detection method. The results demonstrate, for the first time, theevolutional processes of an extremely long lived anticyclonic (warm) eddy in the southwestern part of the East
Sea. The anticyclonic eddy is named Ulleung Warm Eddy 2014-II (UWE 2014-II) as formed in fall 2014 anddisappeared in August 2017. Life-time mean values of amplitude, intensity, and radius of the UWE 2014-II are
9 cm, 0.0073 m2/s2∙km2, and 59 km, respectively, which are nearly doubled of those of other typical mesoscaleeddies found within the East Sea. Main axis direction of the eddy rotates clockwise with time and the rotation
period becomes shorter from 8 to 6 months. Our results suggest that the anticyclonic eddy in the southwestern
East Sea (known as UWE) can have extremely long lifetime of up to three years as re-intensified by nearby eddies
and inflow into the East Sea.

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October 30, 15:20 (S5-13527)

Surface drifter observations in the Korea Strait in spring
Jun Choi, Wonkook Kim, Kyu Min Song, Joon Seong Park, and Young Gyu Park
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea. E-mail: jchoi@kiost.ac.kr

We report the dynamics of Lagrangian surface drifters deployed in spring in the Korea Strait, lied between the East
China Sea and the southbound of Korea when a strong semidiurnal tidal forcing with a moderate stratification ispresent. Total 35 surface drifters were released in late April 2018 adjacent to the Jeju island, and nearly 21 drifters
were tracked about a month until they reached the eastern exit of the strait. During the period, 25% of drifters werelanded on shore, and the overall dispersion coefficient reached 100 m2/ in 10 days with a corresponding lengthscale of 22 km. The slopes of relative dispersion and FSLE are observed to follow 1.5 and 0.5 scalings, respectively,
which are possibly induced by semidiurnal tidal current strongly biased in zonal direction. The Lagrangian statistics
are also compared with the Eulerian ones derived from HF radar and chlorophyll-a concentration. Ultimately, we
aim to compare this data set, strongly influenced by tidal forcing, to the ones expected to embrace the interactionof tides and submesoscale processes under an unstratified condition, and the seasonal comparison will be made by
conducting additional drifter experiment planning in 2018 November at the same location.

October 30, 15:40 (S5-13303)

Effects of seasonal variation in oceanography on invertebrate larval assemblages in thenorthern Monterey Bay, California upwelling system
Erin V. Satterthwaite1, Steven G. Morgan1, John P. Ryan2, Julio B.J. Harvey2 and Robert C. Vrijenhoek2
12

Bodega Marine Laboratory, University of California, Davis, CA, USA. E-mail: evsatterthwaite@ucdavis.edu
Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, Moss Landing, CA, USA

Marine larval dispersal is crucial to the evolution and ecology of marine animals. Understanding the factors that
affect marine larvae and the spatial and temporal scales over which they operate is integral to effectively manage
marine populations, especially as related to ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning. Yet, abarrier to this understanding is the extreme variability in the supply of marine larvae over time. Upwelling is
one of the most important seasonal oceanographic processes that acts on coastal marine systems, dramaticallyaffecting larval dispersal and the ecology of marine organism. We surveyed horizontal and vertical distributions ofbenthic invertebrate larvae and physical factors along a cross-shelf transect in northern Monterey Bay, California,
during the summer and fall of 2013 to examine how the seasonal transition from more frequent upwelling toan increased influence of the California Current affects the resulting larval assemblage in Monterey Bay, CA.
Seasonal differences in water masses were related to different invertebrate meroplankton assemblages. Theseseasonal transitions within upwelling regions and the associated water masses are characterized by different
meroplankton assemblages that are related to the life history characteristics of the meroplankton community.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 16:20 (S5-13514)

The diurnal cycling of submesoscale circulations: A Lagrangian and Eulerian perspective
Annalisa Bracco1, Daoxun Sun1, and Jun Choi2
12

School of Earth and Atmospheric Science, Georgia Institute Technology, USA. E-mail: abracco@gatech.edu
Korea Ocean Satellite Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, R Korea

This talk will investigate the imprinting of diurnal variations in submesoscale circulations on the statistics of surface
Lagrangian tracers through numerical simulations with different set-ups, forcing and resolution. The submesoscale
diurnal cycling follows changes in short-wave radiation and thus vertical mixing, and affects dynamical quantities
such as lateral divergence, relative vorticity and strain in the Eulerian fields. Horizontal divergence increases
whenever vertical mixing decreases, while the cycling of relative vorticity is inversely proportional to that of themixed-layer depth, with a delay of about two hours with respect to changes in horizontal divergence. The cycling
is amplified in the Lagrangian statistics. The impacts of seasonal and interannual variability is investigated withan analysis spanning conditions representative of 2015 and 2016 in the northern Gulf of Mexico, but conditions
are generic for coastal areas impacted by riverine freshwater fluxes.

October 30, 16:40 (S5-13528)

Fine-scale structure and mixing across the front between the Tsugaru Warm and Oyashio
Currents in summer along the Sanriku Coast, east of Japan
Sachihiko Itoh1, Hitoshi Kaneko2, Miho Ishizu3, Daigo Yanagimoto1, Takeshi Okunishi2, Hajime Nishigaki4 andKiyoshi Tanaka1
1
2
3
4

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: itohsach@aori.u-tokyo.ac..jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Shiogama, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Faculty of Science and Technology, Oita University, Oita, Japan

High-resolution shipboard observations were made across the front between the Tsugaru Warm Current (TWC)
and the Oyashio in July 2013. Fine structure in the frontal zones were successfully captured with an Underway
Conductivity–Temperature–Depth (UCTD) profiler deployed with a typical horizontal interval of 2–3 nautical
miles. The front characterized by marked horizontal gradients in temperature and salinity extended from thesubsurface onto the shelf. Along this frontal layer, the minimum frequency for internal waves became substantiallylower than the local inertial frequency, mainly due to the strong vertical shear of the geostrophic velocity. Turbulent
energy dissipation rates ε (vertical diffusivity Kρ) were frequently elevated along the front and its offshore side
up to 3 × 10–8 W kg–1 (10–4 m2 s–1), which may have been caused by an “internal tide chimney”, trapping lowfrequency internal waves within the band of strong shear. At the onshore side of the TWC on the shelf, strong
mixing with ε (Kρ) exceeding 10–6 W kg–1 (10–3 m2 s–1) was also observed. A large portion of the water columns
in the frontal area provided suitable conditions for double diffusion; in some layers with moderate turbulence,
temperature microstructures indicative of double diffusion were observed. The vigorous mixing processes aroundthe front are likely to modify the properties of the TWC downstream, which could then produce a latitudinal
gradient in environments along the coast.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 17:00 (S5-13615)

Aquarius reveals eddy stirring after a heavy precipitation event in the subtropical North
Pacific
Hiroto Abe1,2,3, Naoto Ebuchi2, Hiromichi Ueno1, Hiromu Ishiyama2, and Yoshimasa Matsumura2,41
2
3
4

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: abe@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Mutsu, JapanThe University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

This research presents a case study that examines an upper-ocean salinity response to intense rainfall using four
years of observed salinity data from the Aquarius and Argo floats. The Aquarius sea surface salinity (SSS) in
the subtropical region of the North Pacific reveals a notable event in which SSS is locally freshened by intense
rainfall. Although the SSS pattern shortly after the rainfall reflects the atmospheric pattern, its final form reflects
ocean’s dynamic structure; low-salinity water distributes in the shape of an anticyclonic eddy. Observations using
Argo profiling floats confirm that low-salinity water dominates the entire water column of the eddy above 70
m. We found that an eddy stirring effect would play an important role in forming the eddy-shaped low-salinity
water. As a precondition, intense rainfall on the tropical side enhances meridional gradient of background SSS
with freshened low-salinity water to the south and saline water to the north. The anticyclonic eddy located at theenhanced SSS front stirs the water in a clockwise direction. Specifically, northward flow in the western side of theeddy transports fresh water, whereas southward flow in the eastern side transports saline water. As this northward–
southward flow moves the eddy to the west where the transported fresh water is dominant as a baroclinic Rossby
wave, this dynamic process would form the eddy-shaped low-salinity water. This clear view of such eddy stirring
is due to the inherent nature of the subtropical region that is characterized by less frequent precipitation.

October 30, 17:20 (S5-13610)

Impacts of eddy variability on phytoplankton dynamics in the Kuroshio Extension region
Eko Siswanto and Yoshikazu Sasai
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: ekosiswanto@jamstec.go.jp

A 13-year (2000 ~ 2012) remote sensing dataset was used to comprehend how the eddies influence phytoplankton
dynamics in the Kuroshio Extension region. Based on sea surface height anomaly (SSHa) along the 32.5°N,
cyclonic eddies (negative SSHa) were dominant mainly from 2005 to 2009, whereas anti-cyclonic eddies (positive
SSHa) were dominant mainly from 2002 to 2004. Eddies propagated westward and took place approximately
1~1.5 years from 160°E to 140°E. Occurrences of negative SSHa and positive phytoplankton chlorophyll anomaly(CHLa) were observed, indicating cyclonic eddies likely upwelled nutrients to promote surface phytoplankton
growth, though it was not always the case, as other factors like vertical mixing and stratification also control
nutrient availability. Pooling CHLa from negative SSHa periods separately from positive SSHa periods, ameandering high CHLa between 32.5°N and 36.0°N band was obvious and clearly associated with cycloniceddies. We expect not only was phytoplankton CHLa affected by the eddies, but phytoplankton phenology (e.g.,spring bloom timing), a variable largely controls fish recruitment, would also be affected. For the future works, wewill, therefore, investigate the followings; how the eddies would alter the spring bloom timing; when the eddies
would play a role in determining CHLa more than other physical factors (through season-based analysis); and how
the eddy activity-related phytoplankton dynamics might link to decadal climate variability.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 17:40 (S5-13378)

Seasonal and interannual variations in the spread of the Razdolnaya and TumannayaRivers runoffs (Peter the Great Bay, Japan/East Sea) according to the satellite data on
SST and ocean color
Elena A. Shtraikhert and Sergey P. Zakharkov
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: straj@poi.dvo.ru

Satellite data on the SST (Sea Surface Temperature) and ocean color allow observe the structures caused by thecirculations of the rivers runoffs. These circulations are influenced by variation in the density water. It is due tovariations of the wind speed and direction, the continental runoff at the atmospheric precipitation, and in the spring– the ice and snow melting. It influences on the sedimentation and, consequently, the water hypoxia formation.
These processes appear in the distribution of phytoplankton cells, organic and suspended matter in the surface
layer of water. The aim of this work is to characterize the seasonal and interannual variations in structures formed
under the Razdolnaya (RR) and Tumannaya (TR) Rivers runoffs influence that appear on satellite distributionsof the SST and the chlorophyll-a, organics and suspended matter contents indicators, for 2010-2014. In order todo this, we compared these distributions to change of the wind speed and direction, the precipitation quantity. In
our study we used the data from the MODIS-Aqua and GOCI-COMS satellite sensors. They were taken from thesite – http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov. These data we processed using the SeaDAS software of version 7.3. Dataon wind speed and direction, and quantity of atmospheric precipitation were obtained for hydrometeorologicalstations “Vladivostok” and “Posiet” via site – http://rp5.ru. It is noted that during the floods on the RR at thenorthern winds, the influence of this river water with smaller rivers located along the western coast of the Amur
Bay (AB) can reach the Gamow Cape. At winds of southern directions, in the northern AB part the front separating
the areas having high and low values of SST and ocean color characteristics is observed. Runoff of the TR spreads,
as a rule, on a distance of up to 30 km in the direction determined by the flow rate of the runoff current, wind speed
and direction, Coriolis force. The greatest extension of the TR water toward the open Japan/East Sea part (about
80 km) was observed in 2010. Structures from this water in the open sea part observed on the distribution of SST
and indicators of the chlorophyll-a, organics and suspended matter contents after 10 days from the summer flood.
In the autumn period with a decrease in the discharge of the RR at the strong northwestern wind from about 5-7
m/s in the northern part of the AB the cyclonic structures were revealed.

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PICES-2018

S7: Ecological responses to variable climate changes and their applicability
to ecosystem predictions
October 30, (S7-13814) Plenary

Twelve years of forecasting the spring bloom in the Strait of Georgia: Lessons learned
Susan Allen, Doug Latornell and Rich Pawlowicz
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. E-mail: sallen@eoas.ubc.ca

The Strait of Georgia is a deep, semi-enclosed large estuary on the west coast of Canada. In this productive,
temperate region the phytoplankton have a large spring bloom, moderate production through the summer andusually a smaller fall bloom. The timing of the peak of the spring bloom in the Strait of Georgia varies by over 6
weeks inter-annually. Using a vertical one-dimensional model, tuned using data from 2002-2005 field campaign
we have been predicting the spring bloom since 2006. The model is mechanistic and the relationships between
the timing of the bloom and physical forcing such as winds, light changes due to cloud cover, river flow andtemperature were investigated. We hindcast the spring bloom back to 1968 covering many years for which data
were not available. This allowed other researchers to investigate the impact of the timing of spring bloom onhigher trophic levels.
Since 2006, in most years, an observational date for the spring bloom has been obtained, allowing a near continuous
evaluation of the prediction. In this presentation, we will describe the model, our mechanistic understanding of
the spring bloom process and the model dynamics, the prediction automation that allows continued prediction
with minimal effort and the benefit that continued prediction allows through analysis of “model failure” years.

October 30, 11:00 (S7-13708)

Optimal tropical precursors of US West Coast marine warming
Antonietta Capotondi1,2 and Prashant D. Sardeshmukh1,2
1
2

University of Colorado/CIRES, Boulder, CO, USA. E-mail: Antonietta.capotondi@noaa.gov
NOAA/ESRL/PSD, Boulder, CO, USA

The rich US West Coast (USWC) marine ecosystem supports activities of large economical and societal value.
Warmer than average conditions in this area are associated with reduced upwelling and reduced productivity,
negatively impacting marine ecosystem dynamics. Positive tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST)
anomalies associated with El Niño events usually lead to warm conditions along the USWC a few months later
due to atmospheric and oceanic teleconnections. However, the exceptionally warm conditions in the northeast
Pacific and USWC from the Fall of 2013 to the Winter of 2015 were associated with only weak positive SST
anomalies in the tropical Pacific, suggesting that SST patterns associated with canonical El Niño events may not
be the most influential on the USWC.
In this study, we use multiple linear regressions and singular value decomposition to identify the tropical oceanicstate – sensitivity pattern - that can optimally force US West Coast SST anomalies at some later time. As such,the sensitivity pattern provides the conditions that most likely lead to extreme anomalies along the USWC. Our
results show that the optimal SST patterns do not coincide with a mature El Niño pattern, but include anomalies in
the western equatorial Pacific and in the extra-equatorial tropics resembling some of the El Niño precursors. Largeanomalies along the USWC, including the 2013-2015 warming, are indeed characterized by tropical conditions
with a large projection on these sensitivity patterns, which thus represent more skillful predictors of the USWC
conditions than traditional El Niño Southern Oscillation indices.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 11:20 (S7-13755)

Interhemispheric teleconnection between Yellow and East China Seas and tropicalsoutheast Pacific sea surface temperatures through a recent change in El Niño-Southern
Oscillation in the boreal summer
Yong Sun Kim1, Minho Kwon1, 2 and Chan Joo Jang1, 2
1
2

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea. E-mail: yongskim@kiost.ac.kr
University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Whether and how the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) exerts an influence on summer sea surface temperature(SST) variance in the Yellow and East China Sea (YECS) is under debate. Such a debate is mainly due to thecomplexity of multivariate oceanic and atmospheric processes in evolving YECS and tropical Pacific climate.
Using reconstructed SST datasets for the period 1982−2016, we found that there is a decadal change between
YECS and tropical southeastern Pacific (SEP) SST anomalies in early 2000s. The interannual YECS SST variancein the period 1982−2002 seems to be largely determined by local oceanic advection with its marginal coupling to
the equatorial Pacific. In contrast, a robust interhemispheric teleconnection between the YECS and the SEP SSTs
has been identified during the recent years since 2003. This teleconnection might be attributed to the combination
mode of the ENSO with enhanced SST loadings over the SEP, as well as the decreased canonical ENSO signature,through modulation in large-scale atmospheric circulation and rainfall in recent summers. This result indicates,in the other word, that the observed interhemispheric connection between the YECS and the SEP SSTs in the
boreal summer reflects coincident, localized responses in the southern and northern hemispheres to the changes
in precipitation and convective heating pattern in the tropical Pacific. A potential implication of this decadal
environmental change on the marine ecosystem of the YECS will be discussed in this talk.

October 30, 11:40 (S7-13648)

Decadal predictability linked to teleconnections between the Kuroshio Extension andNorth Pacific Meridional Modes
Youngji Joh and Emanuele Di Lorenzo
School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, USA. E-mail: youngji.joh@gatech.edu

The Kuroshio Extension (KE), an eastward-flowing jet of wind driven western boundary current, exhibits prominent
decadal fluctuations that impact marine populations in the North Pacific Transition Zone (NPTZ). Using available
observations, we show that KE decadal modulations impact the subtropical footprint of sea surface temperatures(SST), known as the North Pacific Meridional Mode (NPMM). After removing the signatures of ENSO, we findthat the KE and NPMM have significant lead/lag relationships at multi-decadal timescale. Specifically, we showthat the KE downstream atmospheric forcing (e.g. wind stress curl) response can initiate an oceanic signatureof NPMM with a ~3 months lead time. Subsequently, the NPMM can also drive changes in KE state throughatmospheric forcing that excite large-scale Rossby waves in the central and eastern North Pacific, which propagate
eastward impacting the KE 2-3 years later. Consistent with these findings the cross-correlation function between KE
and NPMM indices exhibits a sinusoidal shape corresponding to a preferred spectral power at decadal timescales.
This finding provides a basis for decadal predictability of biophysical environment in the NPTZ since the KE andNPMM both exert significant influences on SST and regional water mass formation and transformation processes.
Analyses of CMIP5 models show that the variance of KE decadal modulation is increasing in a warmer climate,suggesting that the linkage between KE-NPMM may amplify under anthropogenic forcing and lead to stronger
decadal fluctuations of biophysical quantities (e.g., salinity, oxygen, chlorophyll-A) in the NPTZ.

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October 30, 12:00 (S7-13774)

Mechanisms of marine ecosystem predictability along U.S. coasts
Michael G. Jacox1, 2 and the NOAA/MAPP Marine Prediction Task Force
1
2

NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, Monterey, CA, USA. E-mail: michael.jacox@noaa.gov
NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, USA

Marine ecosystem forecasts, designed to support proactive decision making by stakeholders including managers,
fishers, and the general public, are currently in a phase of rapid development. In contrast to climate projections,which are used to explore long-term trends and changes, forecasts aim to predict conditions at a specific locationand time. Significant forecast skill (or the potential for it) has now been demonstrated for a range of physical,
biogeochemical, and ecological variables on timescales ranging from days to a decade. However, understandingof the mechanisms underlying marine forecast skill has lagged behind the development and assessment of theforecasts themselves. As many forecasts rely on empirical relationships, especially for higher trophic levels,
concerns of nonstationarity drive a need to better understand and exploit prediction mechanisms. In this talkwe bring together findings from a large group of researchers, comprising the NOAA Marine Prediction Task
Force, who are developing seasonal (1-12 month) forecasts for coastal sea levels and living marine resourcesalong U.S. coastlines. We discuss known mechanisms of predictability including persistence, advection, and wave
propagation, and give examples of how they are being exploited in statistical and dynamical forecast systems
along U.S. coasts. We also present key challenges and priority developments for advancing the skill and usabilityof marine ecosystem forecasts moving forward.

October 30, 12:20 (S7-13601)

Using a coupled biogeochemical/physical data assimilation system in the California
Current System to study ecosystem impacts from variable climate
Christopher A. Edwards, J. Paul Mattern, Patrick T. Drake, Jerome Fiechter, Andrew M. Moore
Ocean Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. E-mail: cedwards@ucsc.edu

A coupled biogoechemical and physical 4-dimensional variational data assimilation system applied to the
California Current System has been running operationally in near real-time for several years. Ocean state
estimates are obtained using the Regional Ocean Modeling System as the base platform. In the most recent version,biogeochemical fields are obtained from the NEMURO ecosystem model using a modified lognormal 4D-Var
approach to account for non-Gaussian statistics of the assimilated satellite-derived chlorophyll observations. Thissystem offers a data-constrained 4-dimensional estimate of the physical and biogeochemical ocean state to study
how the modeled ecosystem responds to variable climate conditions. In this talk, we use a reanalysis of the recent
warm blob episode of the eastern North Pacific as a case study, quantifying the anomalously low chlorophyll
biomass that can be traced through the system to nutrient supply and surface forcing. The potential for studying
longer term trends and variability using a multi-decadal reanalysis will also be discussed.

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October 30, 14:00 (S7-13691)

Predicting fish movement and migration in response to changing climate
Kenneth Rose
University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, Cambridge, Maryland, USA
E-mail: krose@umces.edu

Shifting spatial distributions of fish in response to variable climate has been well-documented. There has also
been a recent acceleration of ideas about how management can adapt to these shifting distributions. Many ofthese management-based analyses assume the new spatial distributions or migration patterns are known, can be
represented very simply using environmental-ecological correlations, or can be assumed to be the same as how
habitat changes. I suggest that with recent parallel advances in movement modeling and in data collection ofindividual trajectories the time is now to develop and test predictive models of behavioral movement. Thesemodels can be then used to generate spatially-rich predictions of the changing spatial distributions. Recently,
there has been an explosion of interest in collecting data and modeling of how organisms move through dynamic
multi-factor environmental fields. The collection of individual movements (whether simulated or based on fielddata) leads to higher-order emergent properties such as population biomass and distributional changes, as well as
food web-level responses. It is time to better integrate movement ecology, modeling, and fisheries into a single
system where growth, mortality, and reproduction are explicitly two-way linked to movement decision-making
and resultant movement behaviors. Such modeling offers an opportunity for prediction of the complexity of
how individuals will respond to changing environmental conditions and better understanding the processes that
underlie environmental-habitat-organism relationships. I will present some examples that illustrate a few of therecent advances in modeling and briefly describe the exploding field of movement ecology and measurements.

October 30, 14:20 (S7-13759)

Development of the ocean mid-range prediction system for the seas around Korea
Heeseok Jung1 and Chan Joo Jang1,2
12

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, R Korea. E-mail: cjjang@kiost.ac.kr
University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, R Korea

Due to a decline of total catch production and more frequent extreme phenomena in Korean waters during therecent decades, a mid-range (2−6 months) prediction of ocean conditions has emerged as an important tool forthe management, recovery and disaster preparation of fishery resources. In this study, we report on a newly
developed ocean mid-range prediction system for the Northwest Pacific focusing on the seas around Korea. Threemonth reforecast experiments were conducted by using atmospheric forcing and open boundary condition from
Climate Forecast System version 2 (CFSv2) operational forecast data. We analyzed the last month (March, June,
September, and October 2016) of the simulation output and assessed the performance of the model’s prediction
skill in terms of sea surface temperature. Although the reforecasts tend to overestimate SST especially in the warm
current regions include the Kuroshio and the East Korea Warm Current. The spatial SST patterns are generally
similar to observation. Based on the preliminary analysis for the three-month reforecast experiments in 2016, we
can conclude that the mid-range prediction system has the measurable skill for the seas around Korea on the midrange timescale. Our future plan is to couple the ocean prediction model with a biological model and to apply themodel to a prediction of fishery resources on a mid-range.

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October 30, 14:40 (S7-13476)

Dynamics of walleye pollock recruitment at Primorye (Japan/East Sea) under climatechangeYury Zuenko and Vladimir Nuzhdin
Pacific Fisheries Research Center, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: zuenko_yury@hotmail.com

Year-to-year dynamics of walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus Pallas recruitment is considered on the data ofbottom trawl surveys for the population at Primorye (northwestern Japan Sea) with the main spawning groundin Peter the Great Bay. It is distinguished by 5-11-years cyclic fluctuations reasoned by negative relationshipbetween the recruitment and stock because of overloading the carrying capacity of the biotope for the species.
This relationship is approximated by nonlinear function with the parameters, including the carrying capacity thatis negatively depended on water temperature in the pollock habitat (Intermediate water). Besides, the abundanceof 1-2 strong year-classes, which are formed once in a cycle in conditions of the minimal stock, depends directly
on winter SST, negatively as well. Frequency of these strong year-classes appearance also depends on carrying
capacity: the larger the capacity – the shorter the cycles and more frequent the blooms. Modern environmental
changes distinguished by warming in all layers of the Japan Sea, in particular in the Intermediate layer, areunfavorable for the pollock reproduction because of the carrying capacity decreasing. On the base of theseregularities, the pollock stock changes in the next decade are forecasted using a simple population model: thestock growth is expected until 2019 when it will exceed 100,000 t, then it will go down below 80,000 t in the
middle 2020s, and possibly will not restore again if warming of the Intermediate water will continue.

October 30, 15:00 (S7-13756)

Present and future dynamics of herring stocks in the Northwest Pacific in association
with large-scale climate variability
Boris Kotenev, Nikolay Antonov, Oleg Bulatov, Kirill Kivva, Andrey Krovnin, and George Moury
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: kirill.kivva@gmail.com

The decadal and multidecadal fluctuations in abundance of mass objects of the Russian fishery in the Northwest
Pacific reveal close relationships with the corresponding climate variations within the whole Northern Hemisphere.
In particular, the quasi-decadal variability of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) determined considerably state of theatmospheric North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) with a time lag of 2 years and, finally, phase of the North PacificGyre Oscillation (NPGO). First of all, this is evident in the SST anomaly field in the North Pacific (NP). Many
researchers showed close relations of the NPGO index with water temperature and salinity variations in the eastern
NP. However, our research revealed the close statistical relations of this index with quasi-decadal variations of
SST and recruitment of some commercial fishes in the NW Pacific, including walleye pollock in the northern Sea
of Okhotsk, Far East salmons, and cod in the NW Bering Sea. The main purpose of this report is to investigate
long-term relations between NPGO/NPO and herring stocks in the Bering and Okhotsk Seas. This will allow us
to make projection of the future stocks for the next two decades.

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October 30, 15:20 (S7-13382)

The PDO, The Blob and juvenile coho salmon growth in the Northern California Current
2000 - 2017
Brian Beckman1, Cheryl Morgan2, and Meredith Journey3
1
2
3

Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. E-mail: Brian.Beckman@NOAA.gov
CIMRS, Oregon State University, Newport OR, USA.
Lynker Tech, under contract to NWFSC, NMFS, NOAA, Seattle, WA. USA.

Since 2000, the Northern California Current Ecosystem (NCCE) has experienced positive (warm) and negative(cool) phases of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), with characteristic biological responses to each phase shift.
An unexpected ecosystem disturbance resulted from the formation of “The Blob”, a large area of anomalously
warm water in the Northeast Pacific Ocean (2014 – 2015).
We have assessed growth of juvenile coho salmon in the NCCE since 2000. Growth was indexed by measuring
the hormone insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), a primary component of the endocrine system in all vertebrates.
IGF1 exhibits a strong correlation with growth rate of juvenile salmon in controlled laboratory conditions. IGF1
was correlated with abundance of salmon prey in this time series, suggesting that variations in growth are directlytied to variation in feeding opportunity. The prey field index consists of total biomass (mg C) of prey items
commonly found in the stomachs of juvenile salmon (crab larvae, amphipods, euphausiids, copepods, juvenilefish). IGF1 and the prey field index were each negatively correlated with the PDO (higher growth with negative
PDO). However, during The Blob, a period of strongly positive PDO, we measured the highest IGF1 and preyfield indices in the time series. These results show that The Blob generated a disruption of the relationshipbetween the PDO and juvenile salmon ecology, with high growth rates found during a period of anomalously
warm water. Thus, biological responses to unexpected environmental change may not always be predicted basedon previously established relationships.

October 30, 15:40 (S7-13519)

Fluctuating interaction network and time-varying stability of a natural fish community
Masayuki Ushio1,2,3,4,, Chih-hao Hsieh5,6,7, Reiji Masuda8, Ethan R Deyle9, Hao Ye9,10, Chun-Wei Chang6, George
Sugihara9, and Michio Kondoh1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Department of Environmental Solution Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
Joint Research Center for Science and Technology, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Japan
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: chsieh@ntu.edu.tw
Earth System Science Program, Academia Sinica and National Central University, Taipei, Taiwan
National Center for Theoretical Science, Taipei, Taiwan
Maizuru Fisheries Research Station, Kyoto University, Maizuru, Japan
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, USA
Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA

Ecological theory suggests that large-scale patterns such as community stability can be influenced by changes
in interspecific interactions, arising from time-varying behavioral and/or physiological responses of individual
species. Although this view is supported by a few simplified manipulative experiments, evidence from natural
ecosystems is lacking. The challenge here is in tracking rapid changes in interspecific interactions (known tooccur on timescales much shorter than a generation time), and then identifying the effect of such changes on
the resulting large-scale community dynamics. Here, using tools for analyzing nonlinear time series (empiricaldynamics), and an extensive, 12-year, fortnightly dataset of observations on a natural marine fish community in
Maizuru Bay in Kyoto, Japan, we present evidence that short-term changes in the interaction network influence
the overall community dynamics. Among the 15 dominant species, we identify 14 interspecific interactions toconstruct a dynamic interaction network. We show that the interaction strengths and even signs change with timeand develop a time-varying stability measure based on local Lyapunov stability for attractor dynamics in nonequilibrium nonlinear systems. This dynamic stability measure is used to examine the linkage between the timevarying interaction network and community stability. We find seasonal patterns in dynamic stability for this fish
community that broadly support expectations of current ecological theory. Specifically, the dominance of weakinteractions and higher species diversity during summer months is associated with higher dynamic stability andsmaller population fluctuations. We suggest that interspecific interactions, community network structure and evencommunity stability are dynamic properties, and that linking fluctuating interaction networks to community-level
dynamic properties is key to understanding the maintenance of ecological communities in nature.

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October 30, 16:20 (S7-13825)

Multi-model inter-comparison study for elucidating uncertainty and mechanistic
understanding of climate change impacts on Bering Sea fishery resources
Anne B. Hollowed1, Kerim Aydin1, Alan Haynie1, Kirstin Holsman1, Paul Spencer1, Jonathan Reum2, Andrew
Whitehouse2
1

2

NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA.
E-mail: Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

In the Bering Sea, regional and large-scale climate forcing impacts a range of physical and ecological characteristics
including temperature, stratification, ocean circulation, biogeochemical properties, and primary and secondary
production. These characteristics, in turn, can impact the distribution, composition, and productivity of fisheries
resources. The short-term (seasonal) forecasting skill of coupled bio-physical models differs amongst species.
Stock exhibiting sporadic recruitment time series are linked to complex suites of mechanisms. The Alaska
Climate Integrated Modeling (ACLIM) project seeks to use a multi-model ensemble to understand the uncertainty
associated with climate-ecological relationships. This talk will compare projections of flatfish and gadids undera suite of climate change scenarios and models of differing complexity. Results reveal the risks associated withthe use of simple bio-climate window models for projecting long-term productivity of Bering Sea resources. This
comparison of short-term and longer-term projections clarifies predictable properties that show promise for use
in ecosystem based fishery management and identification of climate informed biological reference points for
management.

October 30, 16:40 (S7-13607)

Climate regime cycle affects the productivity of a pursuit-diving seabird and its predation
on forage fish
Yutaka Watanuki1, Mariko Yamamoto1, Jumpei Okado1 and William Sydeman2
12

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: ywata@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA

In the Japan Sea, cold/warm regime shifts impact species and biomass of forage fish, a key component of marine
ecosystem, and hence productivity of its predators. We monitored the diet and productivity of chicks of piscivorous
Rhinoceros Auklet (RHAU, Cerorhinca monocerata) at Teuri Island located in the Japan Sea, northwestern
Hokkaido since 1984, and also the diet of adults in 2004 – 2005 (warm regime) and 2014 – 2015 (presumed
cold regime). Then we estimated prey consumption using simple bioenergetic model. RHAU changed diet fromcold-water species (sardine Sardinops melanostictus, sandlance Ammodytes personatus) to variety of species in1992. RHAU, then, shifted diet to warm-water species (Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus) and increased
chick productivity in 1997/1998 when Pacific Decadal Oscillation index changed to be negative and SST in theJapan Sea shifted to be warm phase. RHAU then shifted diet again to cold-water species (juvenile greenling
Pleurogrammus azonus) and decreased chick productivity dramatically in 2011-2014 when PDO shifted to bepositive, though SST in the Japan Sea might not change. Diet for parents and that for chicks was similar during
the warm regime but was different during the presumed cold regime. We found significant impact of climatechange on prey consumption; high consumption of greenling juvenile and salmon fry after 2014. These indicatethat the regime shift, presumably with the changes of ocean water currents, not only affect diet and productivityof predator but also can change the predation rate on forage fish by forcing the predator to switch prey species.

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October 30, 17:00 (S7-13263) CANCELLED

Spatial heterogeneity of phytoplankton bloom timing in a marginal sea: Patterns andpotential drivers
Hongjun Song1, Rubao Ji2 and Zhaohui Zhang112First Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: songhongjun@fio.org.cn
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA

The seasonal phytoplankton blooms and associated biological-physical drivers have been studied in various
marine systems globally, often without paying much attention to the scale of spatial heterogeneity in bloom
dynamics. This study examined the spatial heterogeneity in the timing and magnitude of phytoplankton blooms
in the Yellow Sea (YS, a marginal sea in the northwestern Pacific Ocean) in relation to local and remote physicalprocesses. The satellite ocean color data reveal that monthly chlorophyll maximum could occur at all four seasons
over different sub-regions of the YS, with a general pattern of spring peak in the central trough, summer peak
off the estuary regions, autumn peak near the southeast corner and winter peak in the southern YS. The meanchlorophyll concentration during bloom timing presents a general spatial pattern of inshore progression with aincreasing trend, and the strongest blooms occur in the waters off the estuaries. The statistical analysis of fielddata (available in the western YS) suggests that the variability of environmental factors driven by various physicalprocesses could explain most of these spatial heterogeneity in blooms, both the timing and magnitude. Coldwater mass, river discharge and warm current exert controls on phytoplankton blooms dynamics through affecting
thermal and haline stratifications, nutrient availability, and temperature upon phytoplankton growth in different
seasons. Seasonal warming/cooling also appears to be an important factor in the spatial variability of blooms. Our
results imply that the spatial heterogeneity of marginal seas needed to be carefully considered when assessing
phytoplankton responses in the context of climate change, due to the uncertainty and complexity of the underlying
mechanisms.

October 30, 17:20 (S7-13391)

Spatio-temporal analysis of environmental drivers and patterns of satellite-derived
chlorophyll a in the Strait of Georgia, Canada, from 2003-2016
Karyn D. Suchy1,2, Andrea Hilborn1, Maycira Costa1 and R. Ian Perry2,3
1
2
3

Department of Geography, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC. E-mail: ksuchy@uvic.ca
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC
Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC

The Strait of Georgia (SoG) is a dynamic region with substantial spatio-temporal variability at lower trophic levels.
This variability, in turn, may directly impact resident and migratory fish populations that are of major economic
importance. Here, we examine the relationships between environmental drivers and satellite-derived chlorophylla (chl a) from 2003-2016 in the Northern and Central SoG. Positive SST anomalies predominated between 20032006 and 2013-2016, with the highest anomalies occurring in spring 2015. Strong positive anomalies in Fraser
River discharge, coupled with strong negative wind anomalies, led to early stratification during spring 2005 and2015, which resulted in strong positive chl a anomalies and early spring blooms (mid-February). In contrast, later
than average (late April) spring blooms occurred in 2007 and 2008 due to low Fraser River discharge and low
wind speeds. Chl a in the Northern SoG was most highly correlated with SST and PAR (r = 0.396, p<0.01 and r= 0.378, p<0.01, respectively); chl a in the Central SoG was most highly correlated with wind speed (r = -0.313,
p<0.01) and Fraser River discharge (r = 0.298, p<0.05). Additionally, significant relationships were found between
annual median Chl a anomalies in the Northern SoG and large-scale climate indices (PDO, NPGO, SOI); however,no such relationships were observed in the Central SoG. Results from this study will be paired with zooplankton
data to provide insight into how changes in the seasonal patterns of lower trophic levels may influence the growthand survival of salmon populations in the region.

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October 30, 17:40 (S7-13350)

Expansion of Cochlodinium Polykrikoides in Chinese coastal waters, what can be linked
to?
Douding Lu, Pengbin Wang, Xinfeng Dai, Feng Zhou and Fei Chai
Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, PR China. E-mail: doudinglu@sio.org.cn

Water samples of Cochlodinium polykrikoides were collected in different locations of China seas. The isolated
strains of targeted species were analyzed by using light microcopy, laser scanning confocal microscopy, scanningelectron microscopy. Molecular identification was also performed by using LSU rDNA region. The phylogenetic
relation between C. polykrikoides and other relative species were clarified. Our studies suggest that the targetedstrains found so far in China are belonged to the East Asian ribotype of C. polykrikoides. The HABs caused by C.
polykrikoides were rare in China before 2000’ and only a few blooms were recorded in the South China Sea. With
the change of marine environment, the record of C. polykrikoides and its blooms show an increasing trend in the
coastal waters of China. Biogeographic distribution pattern of this species shows that it has been expending fromthe South China Sea to the almost whole Chinese coastal waters including the Bohai Sea in the last two decades.
In the meantime, sea surface temperature in China Seas has remarkably increased in the past five decades. Since
C. polykrikoides is a warm water species, whether the expending mechanism of the species is linked to the signalof climate change remains to be further explored.

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S8: Internal tides, nonlinear internal waves, and their impacts onbiogeochemistry, climate and marine ecosystems via ocean turbulent
mixing processes
November 1, (S8-13695) Plenary

Fate of internal waves on a shallow shelf
Kristen A. Davis1, Robert S. Arthur2, Justin Rogers3, Oliver Fringer3, Emma C. Reid1, Thomas M. DeCarlo4, andAnne L. Cohen5
1
2
3
4
5

Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Irvine, USA. E-mail: davis@uci.edu
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, USA
University of Western Australia
Department of Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, USA

Internal waves strongly influence the physical and chemical environment of coastal ecosystems worldwide. We
report novel observations from a distributed temperature sensing (DTS) system that tracked the transformationof internal waves from the shelf break to the surf zone over a shelf-slope region in the South China Sea. The
spatially-continuous view of temperature fields provides a perspective of physical processes previously available
only in laboratory settings or numerical models, including internal wave reflection off a natural slope, shoreward
transport of dense fluid within trapped cores, internal “tide pools” (dense water left behind after the retreat ofan internal wave), and the transport of internal wave upwelled water on to a shallow reef. Analysis shows thatthe fate of internal waves on this shelf – whether transmitted into shallow waters or reflected back offshore –ismediated by local water column density and shear structure, with important implications for the distribution ofenergy, heat, and nutrients on the shelf.

November 1, 11:00 (S8-13590) Invited

Progress report. Ocean mixing processes: Impact on biogeochemistry, climate andecosystems (OMIX)
Ichiro Yasuda
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: ichiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

A progress report is presented for the 5-year Japanese project ‘Ocean mixing processes: impact on biogeochemistry,
climate and ecosystem (OMIX)’ which are launched in July 2015 and plans and first year results were presented in2016 PICES annual meeting. A new turbulence observing system using fast response thermistors is developed andcontributes to widen microstructure measurements which begin to show basin-scale surface-bottom turbulence
distribution in the western North Pacific. The data also helps to revise the model turbulence field. Those large
numbers of in-situ turbulence observations and modelling including biogeochemical parameters lead to findingssuch as turbulence hot spots in the Kuroshio and the Oyashio and roles of turbulent fluxes of macro- and micronutrients on ecosystem. Microscale otolith stable isotope analysis is developed to elucidate the life history of chubmackerel. These results are now being synthesized to models with vertical mixing distribution and its 18.6-year
period modulation, which could make clear how mixing impacts on ocean circulation, ecosystem, climate andtheir long-term variability.

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November 1, 11:30 (S8-13492) Invited

Role of turbulent mixing in plankton dynamics simulated by large eddy simulation (LES)
Yign Noh
Yonsei University, Seoul, R Korea. E-mail: noh@yonsei.ac.kr

Turbulent mixing in the upper ocean plays an important role in plankton dynamics as well as in climate dynamics
and ocean pollution. Large eddy simulation (LES), which reproduces small-scale turbulent structure realistically,
provides us information on fluctuating three-dimensional turbulent mixing under the ideal condition, which
has been unavailable so far. The LES model of the ocean mixed layer, in which wave breaking and Langmuir
circulation (LC) are realized, is developed, and applied to investigate the roles of wave breaking, LC, wind stress,
convection and the Coriolis force in the vertical mixing of the upper ocean, and to parameterize their effects inthe ocean mixed layer model. We can also clarify the settling and dispersion of suspended particles in the upper
ocean, which is critical to understand the biogeochemical process in the upper ocean, by analyzing the motionof Lagrangian particles in the turbulent field simulated by LES. Recently a LES ecosystem model is developed,
in which nutrient is treated as a passive scalar and phytoplanktons are represented by Lagrangian particles. The
variation of phytoplankton biomass by the biological process is realized by the variation of the weighting factor
on each Lagrangian particle. The model allows us to investigate plankton dynamics directly by following the life
cycle of each phytoplankton particle as it grows, decays and eventually settles to the deeper ocean.

November 1, 12:00 (S8-13463)

The scaling of the mixed layer depth under surface heating by using LES
Yeonju Choi and Y. Noh
Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea. E-mail: noh@yonsei.ac.kr

In a recent paper, Pearson et al. (2015) suggested, using LES, that the depth of a diurnal thermocline h can be
estimated by the Monin-Obukhov scale LMO(=u*3/Q0) and the depth of a preexisting thermocline h0, where u* isthe frictional velocity and Q0 is the surface buoyancy flux. However, our analysis of LES results reveals that the
Coriolis force plays a critical role in the formation of a diurnal thermocline as well as the formation of a seasonal
thermocline, contrary to their proposition. Accordingly, the depth of a diurnal thermocline h should be scaled by
the Zilitinkevich scale LZ(=u*2/(fQ0)1/2), not by the Monin-Obukhov length scale LMO. It is also shown that h is
not affected by h0 as long as h0 is sufficiently larger than h*, the depth of a diurnal thermocline when there is nopreexisting thermocline. On the other hand, as h* approaches h0, h becomes affected by h0. h can become evenlarger than h0, but increase of h is ultimately suppressed by h0 because the thermocline suppresses the downward
transport of heat.

November 1, 12:20 (S8-13367)

Diapycnal nutrient flux caused by the Kuroshio induced turbulence in the Tokara Strait
Takeyoshi Nagai1, Daisuke Hasegawa2, Hirohiko Nakamura3, Ayako Nishina3, Toru Kobari3, Naoki Yoshie4,
Ryuichiro Inoue5 and Eisuke Tsutsumi6
1
2
3
4
5
6

54

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: tnagai@kaiyodai.ac.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, Higashi Shiogama, Japan
Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
Kyushu University, Fukuoka, JapanThe Kuroshio carries not only a large amount of heat and salt, but also nutrients from the south as a Kuroshio
nutrient stream. The relatively high nutrient concentrations in the Kuroshio compared to that of ambient water ofthe same density may imply the diapycnal nutrient flux along the Kuroshio path. Such diapycnal nutrient flux oflarge amplitude is most plausible in the upstream Kuroshio, where the Kuroshio flows near the shallow continental
shelf and through the chains of islands and seamounts in the Okinawa Trough and the Tokara Strait. Using thestate-of-the-art tow-yo microstructure profiler data every 1 km, we have observed the 100-1000-fold enhancementin turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rates accompanied by bands of internal wave shear, over 100 km wide along
the Kuroshio near the seamounts in the Tokara Strat. Although the observed strong turbulence near the seamounts

PICES-2018
plausibly induces a large nutrient flux, it has been elusive how much nutrients can be injected to the photic zone in
the Tokara Strait as a whole, because the direct nitrate flux measurements have been made only at a few locations.
In this study, we attempt to quantify the diapycnal nitrate flux in the entire Tokara Strait, combining the nested
high-resolution numerical simulation coupled with an ecosystem model and in-situ observed turbulence data.

November 1, 14:00 (S8-13479)

The interactions between phytoplankton, nutrients and turbulence simulated by a largeeddy simulation (LES) ecosystem model with Lagrangian phytoplankton
Ashley Brereton and Yign Noh
Yonsei University, Seoul, S. Korea E-mail: ashbre@noc.ac.uk

A large-eddy simulation (LES) model is coupled to a simplified ecosystem model to investigate biological-physicalinteractions in the upper ocean. Here, the nutrients are treated as a passive scalar and phytoplankton are represented
by Lagrangian particles. The variation of phytoplankton biomass is realized by the variation of the weighting
factor on each Lagrangian particle. The model allows us to follow the life cycle of each phytoplankton particle
as it grows, decays and eventually settles to the deeper ocean. Investigation is focused on how phytoplankton
biomass is affected by nutrient entrainment, as well as by three-dimensional turbulent structures such as Langmuir
circulations and convection. We compare findings to field measurements and other model results.

November 1, 14:20 (S8-13766)

Internal waves, tides, eddies and wind-driven currents across the inner shelf
John A. Barth, James A. Lerczak, Jacqueline McSweeney and Stephen D. Pierce
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Admin Bldg, Corvallis, OR, 97331-5503,U.S.A.
E-mail: jack.barth@oregonstate.edu

The inner shelf, the region inshore of the 50-m isobath and lying between the wind-forced continental shelf andthe breaking-wave surfzone, connects the coast and open ocean. During September to October 2017, an intensive
field experiment was conducted from the mid-continental shelf, through the inner shelf and into the surfzone near
Point Sal, California, USA (35N). We used satellite, airborne, shore- and ship-based remote sensing, in-watermoored and ship-based sampling, and numerical ocean circulation models forced by winds, waves and tides toinvestigate the exchange of water, momentum and energy across this region. Of interest are the forcing by wind,surface waves and internal gravity waves, and the interactions between these processes. The field study was
designed to resolve the propagation, transformation and dissipation of Non-Linear Internal Waves (NLIWs) fromthe mid-shelf and across the inner shelf, as well as cross-shelf eddy fluxes between the mid and inner shelf createdby flow instabilities in both shelf and surfzone alongshore flows. We deployed 80 moorings with high-verticalresolution temperature and velocity over the inner shelf at various horizontal separations and 70 moorings in thesurfzone. We used five oceanographic vessels from 30 to 240-feet in length operating at the same time to sample
the mid shelf to the surfzone. We present a 3-dimensional look at the transformation of NLIWs during shoalingacross the inner shelf and evaluate how they impact inner-shelf stratification and circulation. The low-frequency
wind-driven circulation and eddies are examined using both shipboard and mooring data.

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November 1, 14:40 (S8-13400)

Mixing and transports induced by nonlinear internal wave breaking in coastal regions
Eiji Masunaga1, Robert S. Arthur2, Oliver B. Fringer3 and Hidekatsu Yamazaki412
3
4

Ibaraki University, Ibaraki, Japan. E-mail: eiji.masunaga.office@vc.ibaraki.ac.jp
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Mass transports form coastal areas to the open oceans are essential for maintaining ocean ecosystems. Breaking
internal waves are one of the major contributors to induce mass transports in coastal regions. It is well known
that mixing due to internal wave breaking causes an offshore ward convergent flow on the slope, which results
in offshore ward nutrients supplies. However, details of internal wave breaking and associated transport process
have not been understood well. This study introduces mechanisms of internal wave breaking and mass/sedimenttransports investigated with numerical simulations. Two dimensional simplified numerical simulations showthat mixing and sediment resuspension/transports are enhanced in low internal Iribarren number conditions. Theinternal Iribarren number is the ratio of the topographic slope and internal wave steepness. We also investigatedtransport processes associate with nonlinar internal wave over the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, off the Japan mainland,
using a 3D numerical model. Both of semidiurnal (~M2) and diurnal (~K1) internal tides enhance bottom shear
stress leading to sediment resuspension. Suspended sediments are transported by strong mixing induced by
nonlinear internal wave breaking via an offshore ward convergent flow on the main pycnolince, which results inintermediate nepheloid layers. This convergent flow cause baroclinic (BC) residual circulations in the study area.
The current speed due to the BC residual circulations reaches 0.2 m s-1. The kinetic energy due to the BC residual
circulations contribute to 5% of the total kinetic energy. BC residual circulations are supposed to play an importantrole in sediment/nutrient transports in coastal regions.

November 1, 15:00 (S8-13311)

Near-inertial waves advected by the Kuroshio from observation and simulation
Chanhyung Jeon1, Jae-Hun Park1, Hirohiko Nakamura2, Ayako Nishina2, Xiao-Hua Zhu3, Hong Sik Min4, Dong
Guk Kim4, Sok Kuh Kang4, Hanna Na5, and Naoki Hirose6
1
2
3
4
5
6

Inha University, Incheon, R Korea. E-mail: jaehunpark@inha.ac.kr
Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, PR China
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, R Korea
Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
Kyushu University, Japan

Advection of near-inertial waves (NIWs) by background currents has been predicted using numerical simulations,while supporting in-situ observations were rare. A pair of tall current moorings, deployed around 26°N and
125°E in Okinawa Trough from June 2015 to June 2016, provides a clear evidence exhibiting NIWs advectedby the Kuroshio. Energetic NIWs are observed after two-typhoon passages in early August and late September
2015. Both typhoon passages occurred across the Kuroshio east of Taiwan upstream of the observation sites
about 250-km southwest with a difference of about 2-degree in latitude. One site (KCM1), relatively close to
the center of the Kuroshio axis, exhibits more energetic NIWs than near the edge of the Kuroshio (KCM2),~32 km away from KCM1. The frequency of NIWs shifts to the lower band from the local inertial frequency(0.91f), inferring propagation from the south. The data-assimilative three-dimensional numerical model forcedby 3-hourly atmospheric forcings including tides and oceanic circulation demonstrates local NIW generation is
weak at observation sites during and after typhoon passages, while its generation upstream of observation sites
is quite energetic. Current patterns and frequency shifts of NIWs between observation and simulation agree wellat observation sites. Analyses of simulation provide that negative relative vorticity region along the right side of
the Kuroshio traps NIWs and is likely to produce waveguide for NIW propagation to the north, and therefore
energetic NIWs generated in the Kuroshio upstream are advected to the observation sites by the Kuroshio.

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November 1, 15:20 (S8-13354)

Observations on internal wave modulations under varying mesoscale variability for 18
years from 2000 to 2017 off the east coast Korea
Suyun Noh and SungHyun Nam
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. E-mail: synoh17@snu.ac.kr

Energy exchange between the internal waves and mesoscale flow is believed to be an important sink of eddy
energy. Moored time-series observations, designed to continuously observe flow variability at 400 m, capture tensof events of enhanced near-inertial waves (NIWs, waves at frequencies of 0.8-1.3f where f is the local Coriolis
frequency) and continuum frequency waves (CFWs, 2.0-10.0f) for 18 years from 2000 to 2017 in the southwestern
East Sea (Japan Sea). We focus on the interactions between internal waves at the two frequency bands (NIWsand CFWs) observed at 400 m and mesoscale flow fields constructed from satellite altimetry-derived sea surface
height. Permanent energy transfer occurs from the mesoscale fields to NIWs induced by local wind forcing under
the presence of background strain (normal strain Sn and shear strain Ss). The energy transfer efficiency (ETE)is proportional to total strain variance (TSV=Sn2+Ss2) divided by magnitude of the effective Coriolis frequency(ECF). The efficiency is used here as a criterion (ETE > 0.01) to define totally 17 events. The NIW modulations
are clear in 10 among the 17 events with 3 events accompanying the intensification of CFWs when TSV is higher
than relative vorticity ζ (or positive Okubo-Weiss parameter, i.e., Sn2+Ss2–ζ2 >0). Both NIWs and CFWs weresignificantly enhanced in 2003 and explained by the positive Okubo-Weiss parameter due to large Sn associatedwith a decaying anticyclonic eddy. This study supports the idea that the mesoscale fields play a decisive role inmodulating internal wave energies in upper ocean.

November 1, 15:40 (S8-13645)

Thermocline dynamics and modulation of a nutrient exposure for Eastern Pacific kelp
forests in Southern California
James J. Leichter
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, USA. E-mail: jleichter@ucsd.edu

Internal tides dominate coastal internal gravity wave fields and are generated when barotropic (astronomical)
tides encounter steep or abrupt bathymetry, with the rate of barotropic to baroclinic energy conversion
proportional to the product of tidal velocity and topographic slope. In a topographically complex region suchas the Southern California Bight, internal tides may be generated both at the steep shelf-break and at numerous
smaller topographic features inshore. As these waves propagate onshore, they refract due to changes in water
depth and ambient stratification, creating a spatially complex pattern of nutrient exposure and flux at inshoresites including kelp forests. The high productivity of kelp forest along the west coast of North America requiresconsistent and significant supply of inorganic nutrients, particularly bio-available forms of nitrogen. The primarysources of oceanic inorganic nitrogen includes nitrate delivery by wind-driven upwelling of cold water along thecoast and higher frequency upwelling associated with diurnal to semi-diurnal internal waves. In this project, highresolution water column temperature time series data were collected from multiple sites along the coastline of
San Diego, California and analyzed to investigate variability in nitrate exposure across space and through time
including an anomalous, regional scale warming event in 2015/16. Results show strong spatial heterogeneity inhigh frequency temperature variability, and variations among seasons and years associated with regional warmingthat markedly altered patterns of nutrient exposure at kelp forest sites along shore. These observations illustrateregional oceanographic control on nutrient availability for inshore coastal ecosystems.

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November 1, 16:20 (S8-13659)

Linking internal wave dynamics and the structure and function of coral reef ecosystems
Alex S.J. Wyatt1, James J. Leichter2, Toshihiro Miyajima1 and Toshi Nagata1
12

Department of Chemical Oceanography, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan.
E-mail: wyatt@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, A, USA

Coral reefs are gravely threatened by global warming, with predictions of significant ecosystem alteration or loss
in the coming decades. We will discuss ways in which internal waves may influence coral reef systems acrossthe Pacific, particularly by increasing sub-surface temperature variability. In Funauki Bay on the west coast of
Iriomote-jima, Japan reefs are subject to semi-diurnal cooling during the summer (up to 7°C per day at 42 m). This
internal wave cooling occurred in deep to shallow habitats across the bay (including at the bay head ~6 km fromthe mouth) and reduced the duration of severe bleaching conditions (from weeks to days at 8 m depth) during the2016 El Niño event. Such moderate internal wave oscillations may thus help preserve reefs in a warming climate.
However, extreme internal wave activity may represent a stress and thus limit reef development. This seems to be
the case for deeper habitats (>30 m) at Dongsha Atoll in the northern South China Sea, where the highly dynamic
internal wave climate leads to daily temperature variability up to 13°C at 42m. Strong internal wave upwelling
may also influence reef nutrient supply and ecosystem structure at a range of scales, such as by determining therelative abundances of auto- and hetero-trophic organisms which are being quantified with a range of isotope
biomarkers. Increased stratification and internal wave cooling of shallow reefs under a warming climate may offer
hope for many reef ecosystems threatened by climate change.

November 1, 16:40 (S8-13546)

Numerical study on impacts of the 18.6-year modulation of tide-induced mixing on
biogeochemical variables based on ESTOC
Satoshi Osafune, Toshimasa Doi, Shinya Kouketsu, Tadashi Hemmi, and Shuhei Masuda
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan. E-mail: osafune@jamstec.go.jp

Many studies have reported that biogeochemical variables, such as oxygen and nutrient concentrations, and evenbiomass of zooplankton, show bi-decadal variability in the North Pacific. It is hypothesized that a part of thosebi-decadal variations are related to the 18.6-year modulation of the tide-induced vertical mixing around the steep
topographic features, like sills in the Kuril Straits and the Aleutian Passes. However, even qualitatively, it is still
unclear whether the modulation of mixing can explain those variations. In order to test this hypothesis, we, for the
first time, conducted a comparative numerical experiment using a biogeochemical model, based on our long-term
ocean state estimation, ESTOC, which is consisting of an oceanic general circulation model and a pelagic lower
trophic level ecosystem model. In our model, the modulation of mixing induces 18.6-year period anomalies of
isopycnal oxygen concentration in the intermediate layer, which is by and large consistent with the observed bidecadal variations in the Oyashio region, and this anomaly moves eastward along boundary between the subarctic
and subtropical gyres. In the presentation, we will show the impacts on the other biogeochemical variables in ourmodel, and discuss the relation with the observed bi-decadal variations.

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November 1, 17:00 (S8-13280)

On energy and matter exchange between near-shore and out-of-shelf waters defining
shelf ecosystems state
Vadim Navrotsky
Department of General Oceanology, V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI), FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia.
E-mail: vnavr@poi.dvo.ru

Continental shelves are the most productive and the most susceptible to harmful anthropogenic impacts. The bothphenomena strongly depend on dynamic processes and sources of mineral and organic matter. Analysis of dailysatellite data on chlorophyll-a concentration in the Peter the Great Gulf of the Sea of Japan for the period 20082017 reveals seasonal changes in its spatial distributions, which are related to seasonality of dynamic processes
in the region. It is shown that specific features of chlorophyll-a spatial distributions are formed under impact
of interactions between large-scale and small-scale dynamic processes in the continental slope and near-shore
regions. The key role in these interactions play internal waves (IW), which are generated mainly by tides, eddies,and currents over the continental slope and are the main energetic agent between off-shelf and near-shore regions.
Analysis of processes of IW generation, propagation, transformation and breaking, and heat, momentum andenergy fluxes is made using numerical modelling and results of complex experiments in the near-shore region of
the Peter the Great Gulf. It is shown that multi-scale land-ocean interactions lead to the result that in shelf regions
ocean exchanges its energy for terrigenous matter, which is of great importance for productivity and ecologicalstate of shelf and adjacent to shelf open sea waters.

November 1, 17:20 (S8-13288)

Turbulent nitrate flux stimulates plankton productivity and trophodynamics even in theoligotrophic Kuroshio
Toru Kobari1, Taiga Honma2, Gen Kume1, Daisuke Hasegawa3, Koji Suzuki4, and Naoki Yoshie5, Xinyu Guo5,
Hirohiko Nakamura1, Ayako Nishina1, Eisuke Tsutsumi6 and Takeshi Matsuno6
1

2
3
4
5
6

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
E-mail: kobari@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan

Many migratory fishes show a risky life history to spend vulnerable life stages even under low food availability
around the oligotrophic Kuroshio (i.e., the Kuroshio paradox). Here we report plankton productivity and rapid
trophic transfer stimulated by ambient nitrate flux by turbulent mixing at the Tokara Strait in the Kuroshio basedon the bottle incubation experiments. All size-fractionated phytoplankton demonstrated a logarithmic increase of
apparent growth rate with nutrients concentrations and positive growths under the range of the ambient nitrateflux. Apparent growth rates were lower for pico- and nano-autotrophs than those for micro-autotrophs, indicating
selective microzooplankton grazing in the bottles. While significant increase was not found for tintinnids andcopepod nauplii, naked ciliates increased their biomass in the bottles for 3-days incubations. Mesozooplankton
filtering rates were positive for athecate flagellates and naked ciliates, represented by major food items formesozooplankton community. These results suggest that phytoplankton productivity and subsequent trophic
transfer to zooplankton are elevated by turbulent nitrate flux. Such biogeochemical processes have been
underestimated in the oligotrophic Kuroshio and might be a key to solve the Kuroshio Paradox.

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November 1, 17:40 (S8-13404)

Phytoplankton distribution at a meter scale and a millimeter scale
Hidekatsu Yamazaki1, Marika Takeuchi1, Mark Doubell2, Herminio Foloni-Neto3 and Mamoru Tanaka1
1
2
3

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: hide@kaiyodai.ac.jp
South Australia Research and Development Institute, West Beach, Australia
JFE Advantech Co., Ltd., Nishinomiya, Japan

Phytoplankton requires both light and nutrient, thus requires staying in the upper ocean where turbulence stirs watercolumn. Turbulence mixes oceanic properties, such as salinity and temperature. How does it mix phytoplankton?
How do they distribute in space. Traditionally, biologists use Niskin Bottle (~1 m) to sample water in order to
identify phytoplankton cells and measure the average concentration of chlorophyll. Therefore, no information isavailable how phytoplankton distributes below one-meter scale. A conventional CTD mounted cage may caries
a Seapoint chlorophyll fluorometer that allows a fine scale observation of fluorescence. But the configuration of
the probe prevents without disturbing the phytoplankton natural distribution. We have developed two types offluorescence probe, LED (~2 cm resolution) and laser (~2 mm resolution) and mounted these probes on a free-fallmicrostructure profiler (TurboMAP-L). Both probes measure phytoplankton distribution without agitating thefield. We have found the LED data are significantly different from the laser data that exhibit highly intermittent
features. The LED fluorescence signals exhibit a lognormal distribution, but the laser fluorescence signals show a
Gumbel distribution (extreme value distribution). High peak-to-peak signals follow the Poisson process, but whenintermediate peaks are included in peak signals, the peak-to-peak intervals do not follow the Poisson process. The
variability may be quantified by the coefficient of variation (CV=standard deviation/mean). The CV is high inopen water and tends to be low in estuary and bay. The implication of micro-scale phytoplankton distribution ispresented.

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S9: Integration of science and policy for sustainable marine ecosystemservices
October 30, 11:00 (S9-13733)

Arctic Council and ecosystem approach to management: Integrating ecosystem service
science into guidelines
Elizabeth Logerwell1 and Hein Rune Skjoldal2
12

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: libby.logerwell@noaa.gov
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway

The Arctic Council is a high level intergovernmental forum to provide a means for promoting cooperation,
coordination and interactions among the Arctic States, with the involvement of the Arctic Indigenous communities
and other Arctic inhabitants. One of the Expert Groups of the Arctic Council is the “Ecosystem Approach
Expert Group (EA-EG)”. This Expert Group was formed in 2007 and is currently chaired by a Norwegian anda US scientist. One of the current tasks of the EA-EG is to develop guidelines for implementing the Ecosystem
Approach to Management in Arctic ecosystems. The guidelines are based on a six-element framework: 1) Identify
the geographic extent of the ecosystem; 2) Describe the biological and physical components and processes of theecosystem; 3) Set ecological objectives that define sustainability of the ecosystem; 4) Assess the current state of
the ecosystem (Integrated Ecosystem Assessment); 5) Value the cultural, social and economic goods producedby the ecosystem; 6) Manage human activities to sustain the ecosystem. The 5th element, Valuation, has provento be a challenge. This presentation details current and ongoing efforts by the EA-EG to understand and conduct
valuation of ecosystem services in the Arctic. We describe the challenges faced and seek input from participantsin this session on how to achieve our goals.

October 30, 11:20 (S9-13268)

Evolution of district marine policies in China: The case of Shandong Province
Meng Su and Ying Yang
No.238 Songling Rd, Shandong, 266100, China, PR. E-mail: sumengouc@qq.com

Shandong Province is among China’s major marine provinces. The annual total output value of the province’s
marine economy has been ranked second in the country since 2013. This paper presents an evaluation of themarine district policies of Shandong Province. These policies can be divided into three stages according to the time
sequence of policy promulgation: the fishery production and resource management period, the marine integrated
utilization management period, and the marine ecological management period. The evolution of Shandong’s
marine policies was analyzed accordingly. Overall, the regional marine industry is on a good development track.
However, many challenges remain regarding the formulation and implementation of the province’s marine policies
in the future.

October 30, 11:40 (S9-13272)

System analysis of Xiangshan bay ecological vulnerability assessment system based on
VSD model
Jian Zhang, Lu Yang, QiuLu Wang, Yan Xu, ManChun Chen
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, PR China. E-mail: 889900hhhhhh@163.com

This paper established the vulnerability assessment system of ecosystem in Xiangshan Bay based on the concept
model of VSD. Through analysis and calculation, it is concluded that the vulnerability of ecosystem in Xiangshan
Bay is in a moderate degree and the main stress factors are the development of port industry and aquaculture
activities; System sensitivity factor is marine biodiversity index; The best adaptation strategy is to continuously
improve the environmental protection laws and management mechanism and Strengthen environmental remediation

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and increase investment in the third industry; The results showed that the assessment of ecological vulnerability
in Xiangshan Bay is of great significance to the rational exploitation of natural resources and environmental
protection in the economic construction. This paper collected the natural and social economic data of Xiangshan
Bay, evaluated and analysed its Ecosystem vulnerability, in order to provide theoretical reference for the rationaluse of ecological resources in the development and construction of environmental protection, and provide thebasis for ecological restoration work and regional sustainable development.

October 30, 12:00 (S9-13322)

Vulnerability to impacts of climate change on marine fisheries and food security
Qi Ding1, Xinjun Chen2, Ray Hilborn3 and Yong Chen41
2
3
4

Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, PR China. E-mail: xjchen@shou.edu.cn
School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA

Assessment of fisheries vulnerability to climate change is an important step for enhancing the understanding
and decision-making to reduce such vulnerability. This study aimed to provide an analysis of country levelvulnerability focusing on food security implications of climatic disturbances on marine fisheries. The comparative
magnitude and distribution of potential food security impacts of climatic disturbances on marine fisheries wereassessed for 109 countries by scoring and ranking countries against a set of vulnerability criteria including
metrics of national exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity, highlighting the contribution of marine fisheries tonational food and nutrition security. Results showed that developing countries in Africa, Asia, Oceania, and Latin
America appeared to be most vulnerable, and the key sources of vulnerability differed considerably among thecountries. For countries most vulnerable to climate-induced effects on marine fisheries, more than two-thirds ofthem depended on domestic marine fisheries as a main source of fish supply. Developing appropriate adaptation
policies and management plans to reduce the impacts of changing climate is of great importance to sustain foodsecurity in these highly vulnerable and heavy marine fisheries-dependent countries.

October 30, 12:20 (S9-13351)

Environment and culture in an island community: Some insights for re-building theframework of cultural ecosystem service
Aoi Sugimoto
Japan Fisheries Research & Education Agency, Japan. E-mail: aois@affrc.go.jp

Ecosystem service is one of the most important concepts for both scientists and policy makes in natural resource
management/conservation. Recently, there is a growing argument that cultural ecosystem services need to bebetter captured (Pascual et al. 2017). In spite of this growing discussion, however, ‘culture’ is a fairly broadconcept. For sociologists and anthropologists, it is nearly equivalent to the concept of ‘society’ itself (Giddens
1982). Accordingly, the discussion for better addressing ‘cultural ecosystem service’ has been challenging. Given
this circumstance, my work presents empirical evidence demonstrating how ecosystem and culture are interacted
each other. I use an ethnographic case study of Shiraho village, Okinawan island, Japan.
Shiraho is a coastal village of Ishigaki island, with approximately 1600 population. Fishers in the community aremainly immigrants, who have been regarded as outsiders. However, results show that the interaction with coastal
resources helped some immigrant fishers to be integrated in the community because 1) they have contributed
to the community livelihood by providing seafoods, 2) they have build social interaction in the community byexchanging seafoods, and 3) they have learned socio-cultural manners through the use and exchange of seafoods.
In other words, seafoods (coastal resources) are functioning as an intermediate for constructing the ‘culture’ and‘society (community)’ itself in Shiraho village. This case study implies that we should re-build the framework ofcultural ecosystem service, which will be achieved by cross-cultural/regional exploration over the ways ecosystemand culture are interacted each other.

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October 30, 14:00 (S9-13435) CANCELLED

Ecological vulnerability based marine spatial planning: An implement in Xiamen Bay,
China
Wenjia Hu, Zhiyuan Ma, Senlin Zheng and Bin Chen
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, PR China. E-mail: huwenjia@tio.org.cn

Marine and coastal ecosystems are vulnerable to the anthropogenic stressors and climate change. To protect thoseecologically vulnerable and sensitive areas and to maintain the ecosystem services they provide, strict marine
spatial planning called Marine Ecological Red Line (MERL) was proposed by the State Council of China. An
integrated framework for marine ecosystem vulnerability assessment was developed to support the MERL system,
including biotic and ecological factors as well as environmental features. Under this framework 29 indicators
were proposed to measure the ecosystem vulnerability, meanwhile a ranking system was established to interpretthe different priorities of ecological protection. Potential MERLs can be selected and subdivided into two grades
according to the evaluation results. In the case of Xiamen Bay, 7.3% of the total area was identified as extremely
high vulnerable and sensitive area, which will be managed as prohibited development zones (First grade MERLs).
12.5% of the total area was identified as high vulnerable and sensitive area, in which a policy of restricted
development will be carried out (Second grade MERLs). This vulnerability based approach can be applied in theeffective marine spatial planning, and to facilitate the ecosystem-based coastal management as well.

October 30, 14:20 (S9-13480)

Study on eco-compensation mechanism based on valuation of ecosystem services inmarine protected areas
Chen Keliang, Li Yuliang and Liu Heng
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, PR China. E-mail: klchen@tio.org.cn

Eco-compensation mechanism (EM) plays a critical role in the preparation and operation of marine protectedareas (MPAs) which can effectively coordinate the conflict between economic interests and ecological interestsin the environment protection. The ecosystem services as well as the spatial characteristics of ecosystem services
supply and consumption of typical MPAs were analyzed. This paper discussed the subjects, objects and standardsof eco-compensation in marine protected areas according to the related regulations and the result of ecosystemservices valuation analysis of typical MPAs. As the result shows, the principles of EM-MPAs should follow the“beneficiary-paying” and “preserver being repaid” principle and encourage ecological protection behavior. The
subjects of EM-MPAs are upper governments, and some designated government departments could be the agencyof upper government to fulfill the obligations of eco-compensation. The objects of EM-MPAs are local government,
local residents and the administrator of MPAs. The eco-compensation standards for local residents are confirmed
based on the value loss of ecosystem services after the establishment of MPAs. The eco-compensation standards
for local government and the administrator of MPAs depend on the increment in spillover value of ecosystemservices of MPAs. Through a case study and theoretical analysis, we found the ecosystem services indicators
related with eco-compensation standards of EM-MPAs are only including material supply, waste disposal, climate
regulation and recreation. Finally, financial source, eco-compensation process of EM-MPAs and the credibility of
eco-compensation standards were put forward for further studies.
Keywords: ecological compensation mechanism; marine protected areas; ecosystem services valuation

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October 30, 14:40 (S9-13518)

Estimating the potential of Japanese fisheries: Upside Bioeconomic Analysis
Gakushi Ishimura1, Kanae Tokunaga2, Shigehide Iwata3, Keita Abe4, Jennifer Couture2, Merrick Burden2, Kristin
Kleisner2, Rod Fujita2 and Kazuhiko Otsuka2
1
2
3
4

Iwate University, Morioka, Japan. E-mail: gakugaku@iwate-u.ac.jp
Environmental Defense Fund, San Francisco, CA, USA
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, JapanThe University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USAA fisheries policy reform plan by Japanese Fishery Agency proposes the move to maximum sustainable yield (MSY)
based fisheries management by setting the total allowable catch for covering 80% of the total marine capturing
fisheries production in Japan, and leasable individual quota to rationalize Japanese fisheries economically. To
see the potential outcomes of the reform for biomass stocks and economic well-being of the fisheries sector, we
conduct policy simulations applying the “upside” bio-economic analysis. Prefectural-level production and priceinformation were extracted from Japanese Fisheries Agency’s official statistics to construct a stock-level dataset
for 96 stocks. With this dataset, a limited-data strategy is applied to estimate biomass that achieves the maximums
sustainable yield (i.e. Bmsy). Given our Bmsy estimates, we simulate three possible policy scenarios: businessas-usual (BAU), a scenario that achieves the maximum harvest (Fmsy), and scenario that maximize the long-term
economic gain (economic optimal). The simulation illustrates the 50-year projection of biomass level, harvests,
and economic profit for each stock. We find that higher biomass level is achieved under economic scenario while
BAU and Fmsy scenario yields similar biomass trajectories. While the economic optimal scenario allows Japanesefisheries to achieve the highest stock level, harvest, and profit in the long-run, many of fisheries are projected to
face reduced harvests and profits in the short-run after shifting from BAU to economically optimal management.
Our results demonstrate the possible trade-off of policy choice Japan may face in the near future.

October 30, 15:00 (S9-13627) CANCELLED

Valuation of marine ecosystem services: Experiences and lessons
Shang Chen, Linhua Hao, Wei Liu, Tao Xia and Shuai He
Research Center for Marine Ecology, First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration. 6 XianXiaLing Road, LaoShan District,
Qingdao, 266061, PR China. E-mail: schen@fio.org.cn

Marine ecosystem services (MES) are the benefits human beings obtain from marine ecosystem, which consistof the four services, i.e. the provisioning, regulating, cultural and supporting services. Some cases on valuationof MES all around the world have been checked and analyzed. The total value of MES ranks from million USD
to ten millions USD. The provisioning services are the major of MES in many sea area at medium spatial scale
while cultural services play the major role in the onshore and nearshore sea area at the small spatial scale. The
value of MES shows the decreasing pattern from onshore to offshore. The value of MES highly depends on thesea use manners. There are some lessons from existing MES valuation cases. Firstly, there is misunderstanding
on constituent of each ecosystem service in some cases. Secondly the identification process of each service issometimes neglected in many cases. Thirdly, the method of reference, esp. The unit price or value per area or
weight, is sometimes mis-used in many cases. The paper suggests the comprehensive understanding of MES
valuation methods and their application conditions.

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October 30, 15:20 (S9-13704)

Maritime special planning in Russia: Problems and prospective
Iana Blinovskaia1 and Elena Mazlova2
1
2

Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: blinovskaya@hotmail.com
Oil and gas Russian state university named after I.M. Gubkin, Moscow, Russia

Russia is the great maritime power having the enormous resource potential which concentrated in a coastal zone.
Geographic conditions of the areas washing Russia differ by an extreme variety. This defines different degree of
their land reclamation, the involvement into economic circulation, vulnerability and sensitivity to anthropogenic
influence. Economic activity in Russian Federation coastal zone is regulated on the basis of departmental
approach and formed by the standards and legal base developed at the different state levels. High resources
concentration, cross-border position, different degree of land reclamation leads to emergence of the conflicts. But
it can’t be settled within the current legislation. Thus the search of an optimal ways is necessary for environmental
safety management in view of not only interstate interests and also international experience in the maritime
special planning field. Maritime special planning system develops successfully in many countries of the world.
However this question remains open in Russia. The analysis of activity in a coastal zone of Russia has shownthat environmental management efficiency is low here. Russian Federation performs several obligations for using
maritime spatial planning tools but only in the Baltic and Barents seas linked areas. Maritime special planning
regulations only begins to be formed. Also interdepartmental cooperation will promote to successful realizationof this process.

October 30, 15:40 (S9-13742) CANCELLED

Chinese experiences with the implementation of Marine Functional Zoning
Xuefeng Li, Wei Xu, Qi Yue and Xin Teng
National Ocean Technology Center (NOTC), Tianjin, PR China. E-mail: chenzai321@gmail.com

Marine functional zoning (MFZ) plays an essential role in controlling the use of the sea area, protect the marine
ecological environment, and promote the rational development of the sea area and the sustainable development ofmarine economy. The Chinese government has adopted a series of laws, policies, technical standards and dynamic
monitoring and management system to guide the use of sea areas and ensure the successful implementation of
MFZ. Three generations of MFZ have been compiled and implemented. China’s MFZ is divided into three levels:
national, provincial and municipal according to geographical conditions, and two levels: 8 zones and 22 sub-zones
according to their functional features. The implementation process of China’s MFZ includes data collection,
analysis and evaluation, zoning compilation, public participation, achievements review, zoning implementation,and monitoring and evaluation. Since the implementation of MFZ in China, marine economy has maintained
steady growth; the structure of traditional marine industry (fishery, ports, oil and gas exploitation) and emerging
marine industries (offshore renewable energy and sea water desalination) has been optimized; and more than
270 marine protected areas with a total area of more than 12 million hectares have been established, etc. The
experience of implementing MFZ in China proves that it is an effective approach to carry out the ecosystem-based
integrated marine resources management. National Ocean Technology Center (NOTC) hopes for the international
cooperation in the field of marine functional zoning or marine spatial planning to promote the blue economy
development and marine ecosystem protection.

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October 30, 16:20 (S9-13772)

Crafting science-based ocean policy for sustained ecosystem services: Balancing place,people, and profits
Franklin B. Schwing
Office of Science and Technology, NOAA Fisheries Service, 1315 East-West Highway, MD, 20910, USA
E-mail: franklin.schwing@noaa.gov

As stewards for ecosystem services, government resource agencies are responsible for establishing robust andcomprehensive policy to guide management strategies that support and sustain the delivery of these services
in the face of environmental change. Such policy must be based on sound science that considers diverse user
sectors and emphasizes stewardship for sustainable ecosystem, societal, and economic benefits (place, people, andprofits). This presentation will review the history of ocean and coastal policy development and implementationin the United States over the past two decades and reflect on its successes, challenges, and lessons learned, as
it has evolved in response to political, social, and scientific changes. This policy has been shaped by: 1) thegrowing recognition of the intrinsic value of ecosystems; (2) better integration of natural and social sciences; (3)greater public engagement and public-private partnerships; (4) a transition to cross-sectoral and ecosystem-based
management; (5) managing ecosystem services in the context of cumulative natural and human impacts; and (6)a greater incorporation of science into the decision making process. The transition to operational, science-based
management that is compliant with Federal and other jurisdictional statutes and authorities remains a challenge toeffective and continued delivery of ecosystem services.

October 30, 16:40 (S9-13776)

Using choice models to assess the economic value of large marine protected areas off the
U.S. west coast
Kristy Wallmo1 and Rosemary Kosaka2
1
2

National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD, USA. E-mail: kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov
National Marine Fisheries Service, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Ecosystem services are generally thought to be the outcomes of ecosystem functions that provide value to people.
Identifying and valuing these services through ecosystem service valuation (ESV) can facilitate the use of marine
management paradigms as well as specific strategies that require an analysis of trade-offs associated with multiple,
and sometimes conflicting, objectives. In this paper we contribute to the growing literature on ecosystem service
valuation by presenting economic values associated with Large Marine Protected Areas (LMPAs) off the U.S.
West Coast. Understanding these types of values is essential for assessing the costs and benefits of designating
protected areas in the open ocean, and can facilitate the use of management frameworks such as Ecosystembased Management, which explicitly considers competing objectives and their associated trade-offs in decisionmaking. Using data from over 3,000 randomly selected households in California, Oregon, and Washington weestimate choice models and calculate economic values (willingness-to-pay) for a suite of different size-use LMPA
configurations. Our results show that designating ~15.6% of west coast Federal waters as a mixed-use MPA
yields the highest economic value. Results also underscore the significance of the use regime allowed within MPA
boundaries, demonstrating considerably different threshold sizes above which diminishing returns and negative
economic values are derived from no-access, no-take, and limited use MPAs. Our results should be useful formarine managers desiring stakeholder input on marine conservation and managing the multiple uses of the open
ocean.

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S10: Ocean acidification and deoxygenation and their impact on ocean
ecosystems: Synthesis and next steps
November 1, (S10-13644)-Plenary

O2 trends in the last six decades
Shoshiro Minobe
Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: minobe@sci.hokudai.ac.jp

Recent studies (Schmidtko et al. 2017 Nature; Ito et al. 2017 GRL) have revealed that global ocean has experienced
substantial decline of ocean oxygen or the ocean deoxygenation, and the North Pacific is one of the basins where
the largest oxygen decline occurred. The magnitude of oxygen reduction is stronger than simulated in climate
models, indicating that it is important to understand the mechanisms of the past changes to assess the ability of theclimate models and to improve them, to which we must rely on future projections. In the present study, I analyze
global O2 trends with several aspects including O2 trends at z-coordinates and those at density-coordinates, byanalyzing gridded O2 data with a focus of attention on the North Pacific. Both gridded data are produced in ourlaboratory. Consistent with previous studies, strong oxygen reduction trend is likely to be originated from the
Okhotsk Sea at 26.8 and 27.0 density surfaces, but local maxima of negative trend at shallower levels are also
found in mid-latitude eastern North Pacific and in the Bering Sea on the both coordinates. These results suggestthat major mechanisms of the deoxygenation in the North Pacific may be different in the different regions.

November 1, 11:00 (S10-13688)

The large-scale distribution of dissolved inorganic carbon, alkalinity and oxygen in the
North Pacific: A global ocean modelling perspective
James R. Christian1, A.M. Holdsworth1, W.G. Lee2, O.G.J. Riche1, A. Shao3, N. Swart2, and D. Yang2.
123

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada;
E-mail: jim.christian@canada.ca
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada

The North Pacific is one of the most difficult regions of the world ocean for global circulation-biogeochemistrymodels to accurately simulate, for a variety of reasons including its extreme geochemical stratification and theimportance of tidal mixing and excess precipitation for ventilation. The Canadian Centre for Climate Modellingand Analysis has developed several new ocean biogeochemistry modules for use with the NEMO modellingsystem, and conducted global ocean simulations with these at several different model resolutions. The results
show that models still have difficulty simulating realistically the extent of the eastern Pacific oxygen minimum
zones, and that the distribution of alkalinity is distorted by overly simplistic representations of CaCO3 export usedin some CMIP5 models. Implications of these model errors for regional downscaling model experiments will be
discussed.

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November 1, 11:20 (S10-13657)

Long-term variability in the Oxygen Minimum Zone and carbonate chemistry in the
North East Pacific and potential impacts on seamount communities
Tetjana Ross1, Cherisse Du Preez1, Debby Ianson1, Tammy Norgard2 and Marie Robert1
12Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: tetjana.ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC, Canada.

The world’s oceans are losing oxygen and acidifying, and the North East Pacific (NEP) is no exception. Thisregion already has a relatively shallow hypoxic/anoxic zone that impacts marine ecosystems. In 2007, researchers
showed that the upper boundary of the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) had shoaled from about 400 m to 300 m
since 1956 in the NEP. This broadening of the OMZ was due to a combination of reduced ventilation of deep waters
in the far field and increased stratification decreasing the amount of oxygen available below the upper mixed layer.
Here we extend this previous analysis to lengthen the time series of OMZ along the Line P transect in the NEP
to the present, showing that while the OMZ is no longer broadening as quickly, it still occupies a much larger
portion of the water column than earlier in the record. Variability in the OMZ is highly relevant to seamounts in
an offshore marine protected area that Canada is considering. Thus, we also estimate the impact of the broadening
OMZ to the number of seamounts in that area that would have or will experience hypoxic conditions over time andshow that one class of seamount community is at risk of disappearing entirely. In addition, we investigate trends incarbonate chemistry in the region and discuss their potential impacts on the seamount communities.

November 1, 11:40 (S10-13243)

Ocean acidification impacts on biogeochemistry and the decadal variability of Total
Alkalinity in the North PacificJessica N. Cross1, Brendan R. Carter2, Samantha A. Siedlecki3, Simone R. Alin1, Nina Bednarsek4, Andrew G.
Dickson5, Richard A. Feely1, Richard H. Wanninkhof6, Alison M. Macdonald7, Sabine Mecking8, and Lynne D.
Talley5
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: jessica.cross@noaa.gov
University of Washington Joint Institute for the Study of Atmosphere and Ocean, Seattle, WA, USA
University of Connecticut Marine Sciences Program, Groton, CT, USA
Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, Costa Mesa, CA, USA
University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, Miami, FL, USA
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory, Kenmore, WA, USA

Recent observations of acidification-driven shoaling of the calcium carbonate saturation horizon in the North
Pacific have prompted new interest in carbonate cycling related to impacts on biogenic calcification at the surface
layer in this region. Acidification can decrease biogenic precipitation and increase dissolution of some carbonate
minerals, leading to increases in ocean alkalinity. Some estimates project that these impacts of OA on alkalinity
cycling are now beginning to emerge. Here, we present total alkalinity concentrations from over a period of
three decades for the North Pacific. Extremely precise measurement techniques used during the extended timeseries (WOCE, CLIVAR, U.S. GO-SHIP) reveals extremely fine-scale variability related to decadal circulation
oscillations, ocean biogeochemical cycles such as the carbonate pump, and global change processes such as ocean
acidification and uptake of anthropogenic CO2. We compare our recent results to previous projections and models
to scale potential coming changes.

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November 1, 12:00 (S10-13810)

A model simulation of future biogeochemical conditions along the British Columbia
Continental Shelf
Angelica Peña, Isaac Fine, and Wendy Callendar
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada.
E-mail: Angelica.Pena@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

The British Columbia (BC) shelf is at the northern end of the California Current System and is influenced bysummer coastal upwelling, mesoscale eddies, and freshwater inputs. A regional coupled circulation-biogeochemical(ROMS) model of this region has been developed to gain a better understanding of the processes determining the
temporal and spatial distribution of low oxygen and CO2-rich waters in the BC coast. The model is also being used
to evaluate the potential impact of climate change on the biogeochemistry of the region. This talk will present
initial results from simulations of present and future conditions. In particular, we will focus on changes in ocean
acidification, oxygen distribution and the biological carbon pump.

November 1, 12:20 (S10-13653)

High resolution biogeochemical modelling of Canadian Northeast Pacific waters
Amber M. Holdsworth, James R. Christian, and Youyu Lu
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, E-mail: Amber.Holdsworth@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

A high resolution regional con guration of NEMO 3:6 has been developed for the Northeast Paci c Ocean
incorporating the Canadian Ocean Ecosystem Model (CanOE). The Northeast Paci c (NEP36) model has aresolution of 1=36 (2 3) km and includes the e ects of tidal mixing. The ocean is forced with atmospheric eldsfrom the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CanRCM4). A simulation representing an historical 1986 2005
climatology is compared with one representing a future 2046 2065 climate using the RCP4.5 emissions scenario.
We examine changes in strati cation, productivity, oxygen content, dis-tribution of nutrients and carbon chemistry
in the diverse regions of the Canadian Paci c Coast including Juan De Fuca Strait, Queen Charlotte Sound, andthe oceans surrounding Haida Gwaii.

November 1, 14:00 (S10-13831) Invited

Confronting the complexities of ecological responses to ocean acidification
Christopher D.G. Harley
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. E-mail: harley@zoology.ubc.ca

Ocean acidification (OA) is a substantial threat to marine species and ecosystems, but its effects will range from
subtle to substantial depending on the environmental context, the physiology and genetic diversity of the affected
species, and the ecological relationships among species within an ecological community. I will present a framework
for moving beyond single-species, single-stressor studies in order to appropriately capture this complexity.
Specifically, I will consider the roles of 1) multiple stressors, 2) intra- and inter-generational population effects,
and 3) species interactions. Although multiple stressor effects, most notably between temperature, oxygen, and
OA, have a certain degree of physiological theory underpinning our understanding of their combined action,
current results do not always agree well with existing theory. Population dynamic effects highlight the importanceof thresholds and tipping points, and emphasize the importance of considering genetic diversity and multiple
life history stages. Interspecific interactions ranging from prey abundance to predator effects to biogenic habitat
availability may all be relevant, and understanding these effects are especially important for certain species andin certain contexts. I will illustrate these ideas with examples from marine invertebrate species, which are often
economically valuable, ecologically important, and experimentally tractable. Although ocean acidification effects
are challenging to generalize, there are key attributes of species and systems that may make them more or lessvulnerable and can serve as a starting point for anticipating future change.

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November 1, 14:30 (S10-13315)

Effects of ocean acidification on phytoplankton physiology and primary productivity
Kunshan Gao
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environment Science, Xiamen University, A1-211 Zhoulongquan Bldg.,361102, China, PR
E-mail: ksgao@xmu.edu.cn

When exposed to CO2 concentrations projected for the end of this century, surface-water phytoplankton
assemblages in the South China Sea (SCS) responded with decreased photosynthetic carbon fixation, increased
non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and declined abundance of diatoms. When diatoms were grown at different
CO2 concentrations under varying levels (5-100%) of solar radiation, growth rates in the high CO2-grown cells
were inversely related to light levels, and exhibited reduced thresholds at which PAR becomes excessive, leading
to higher NPQ. That is, elevated CO2 concentrations (lowered pH) impaired the specific growth rate of diatoms at
high, but enhanced it at low to moderate levels of solar radiation. These puzzling results are explained as follows:
elevated CO2 concentrations down-regulate the uptake capacity (CO2 concentrating mechanisms) of the cells
for dissolved inorganic carbon, so that energy, which is used for the active uptake mechanism, is saved and thediatoms’ growth at low irradiances is augmented; on the other hand, at high levels of solar radiation, the saved
light energy could add to enhance photoinhibition and photorespiration. Additionally, OA increases contentsof phenolic compounds in phytoplankton and in zooplankton assemblages fed with OA-grown phytoplankton
cells. The observed accumulation of the toxic phenolic compounds in primary and secondary producers can haveprofound consequences for marine ecosystem and seafood quality, with a possibility that fisheries industries could
be influenced due to progressive ocean changes.
(based on the results published at Nat Clim Change, Nat Comm, to download the full papers: http://mel.xmu.edu.
cn/staff_publications.asp?tid=35)

November 1, 14:50 (S10-13260)

Increase in acidifying water in the western Arctic Ocean
Di Qi1,2, Liqi Chen1, Baoshan Chen3,4, Zhongyong Gao1, Wenli Zhong5, Richard A. Feely6, Leif G. Anderson7,
Heng Sun1, Jianfang Chen8, Min Chen2, Liyang Zhan1, Yuanhui Zhang1, Wei-Jun Cai3, 4*
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry of State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Third Institute of
Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, China. E-mail: qidi@tio.org.cn
College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, PR China
School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, USA
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
Key Lab of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory/NOAA Seattle, WA, USA
Department of Marine Sciences, University of Gothenburg, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Hangzhou 310012, China

The uptake of anthropogenic CO2 from the atmosphere by the ocean has decreased seawater pH and carbonate
mineral saturation state, a process known as Ocean Acidification (OA), which could be detrimental to marineorganisms and their associated ecosystems1,2. It has been reported that the Arctic Ocean is particularly sensitive
to climate change3 and that the aragonite mineral saturation state (Ωarag) will become undersaturated sooner thanin other oceans4. The extent and expansion rate of OA, however, are still unknown. Here we show that low Ωarag
waters were largely confined to 50-150 m depth and south of 80ºN in the 1990’s, but data from multiple transwestern Arctic Ocean cruises show that the extent of low Ωarag waters has since expanded to 50-250 m and to
85ºN. The vertical distribution of the Ωarag<1 water has increased by about six-fold between the 1990’s and 2010
(from 5 to 31% of the total area in the upper 250 m north of 70ºN). Tracer data and model simulations suggestthat the recent increase in Pacific Winter Water (PWW) transport, driven by anomalous circulation pattern andsea-ice retreat, is primarily responsible for the rapid expansion of the low Ωarag water. Local carbon recycling andanthropogenic CO2 uptake have also played roles in increasing the extent of the affected area. Our new results
indicate that rapid acidification has happened in the Arctic Ocean and is far more serious than that in the Pacificand Atlantic Oceans where decadal OA trends have recently been reported5-8, making the western Arctic Ocean
the first open-ocean region with such a large-scale expansion of “acidified” water directly observed in the upper
water column.

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November 1, 15:10 (S10-13498)

Evaluation and prediction of the influences of ocean acidification to the subarctic coast
Takuto Yamaka1, Shintaro Takao2 and Masahiko Fujii1
1

2

Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
E-mail: mfujii@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
National Institute of Polar Research, Tokyo, Japan

As ocean acidification proceeds, it is concerned difficult for calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate to be
produced in the ocean, and calcifying organisms such as corals and shellfish having these skeletons and shells
may be adversely affected. Moreover, the diurnal, seasonal and interannual fluctuation are all considered more
prominent in coasts than in the open ocean, because of relatively larger amount of sea grass beds and more direct
and significant terrestrial impacts. On the other hand, in the subarctic coastal region, it is difficult to maintainobservation due to stormy weather in winter, which yields paucity of observational data. In this study, long-term
continuous monitoring of physical and biogeochemical parameters was conducted in Oshoro Bay, Otaru City,
Hokkaido. Our results show that the timing of increase and decrease of pH and dissolved oxygen almost coincidedwith each other, and the diurnal variation of pH was larger in spring and summer than in fall and winter. The
diurnal variation of pH was 0.1 or more on average from May to August. The variation was 0.15 on average and0.26 at the maximum, respectively, in August. That was 0.03 on average and 0.07 at the maximum, respectively,
in November. Thus, the seasonal difference in the diurnal variation was clear, suggesting significant effects ofthe photosynthesis in the daytime and the respiration in the nighttime by primary producers. The results suggest
relatively predominant biological effects with larger biomass and higher solar radiation in summer compared tothose in winter.

November 1, 15:30 (S10-13726)

Effects of ocean freshening and acidification on benthic animals of Antarctica
Taewon Kim1, Seojeong Park1, Eunchong Sin2, Boong-ho Cho1, In-young Ahn2
1
2

Department of Ocean Sciences, Inha University, Incheon, Korea. E-mail: ktwon@inha.ac.kr
Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea

Climate change poses a big threat to the Antarctic ecosystem. Warming induces glacier retreat and eventuallysalinity of seawater can decrease by melting water. Also increased CO2 induced by human activity can decrease
the seawater pH in the Antarctica. Here we were interested in how the marine benthic ecosystems in the Marian
Cove will change in response to freshening and acidification. We selected Antarctic amphipods (Gondogeneis
Antarctica) living in the shallow water and limpets (Nacella concinna) living in the intertidal region as model
animals to predict the fate of benthic animals in future. We exposed them to 4 treatments combined with 2 salinity(34 and 27 psu) and 2 pH regimes (pH 8.0 and 7.6). Though many behavioral aspects remained same underchanged conditions, shelter using behavior of amphipods were retarded and moving distance of limpets decreasedin the low pH and low salinity treatment. In order to investigate if ocean acidification influence the Antarctic
clams Laternula elliptica in Antarctica, change from during 1993 ~ 2010, degree of corrosion of the shells andcomposition were measured using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometer (XRD). The
degree of corrosion of the shell (white pixels / total pixels ratio) increased from 1993 to 2010. The composition
ratio of XRD samples changed as the aragonite ratio decreased from 1993 to 2010.We suspect that multiple
stressors of climate changes can induce behavioral changes in the marine benthos in the Antarctica and eventually
this may result in breaking the balance in the ecosystems in the Antarctica.

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November 1, 15:50 (S10-13712)

Effects of ocean warming and acidification on the growth and toxicity of Pseudo-nitzschia
australis from the California Current Upwelling system
William P. Cochlan1, Christopher E. Ikeda1, Charles J. Wingert1,2 and Vera L. Trainer3
12
3

Estuary & Ocean Science Center, San Francisco State University, Tiburon, CA, USA. E-mail: cochlan@sfsu.edu
Algal Resources Collection, University of North Carolina, Wilmington, NC, USA
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA

An ecologically and economically disruptive bloom of Pseudo-nitzschia australis Frenguelli affected much of
the California eastern boundary upwelling system (EBUS) during the prolonged anomalously warm conditionsof 2015. Two critically important changes observed in these EBUS coastal waters - increased temperature andelevated CO2 levels - were examined in controlled laboratory studies of P. australis isolated from this massive
bloom. Non-axenic strains of P. australis were exposed to a range of ecologically-relevant temperatures, and fourpH levels (8.1, 8.0, 7.9 and 7.8) regulated by direct injection of compressed CO2/air mixture into culture flasks
over a complete growth cycle of nutrient-replete exponential growth, and nutrient-limited stationary growth.
Maximal growth rates were reached at 17–18 °C, with specific growth rates increasing by 3-fold from 5 to 17°C. Production rates of the potent neurotoxin, domoic acid (DA), did not increase as fast as specific growth rates,
resulting in less toxic, but greater cell abundances at higher temperatures. In the pH study, stationary phase cells
increased DA production as pH declined, and particulate DA was 3-fold greater at pH 7.8 compared to pH 8.1.
However, exponential growth rates were not affected by pH until a critical pH of 7.8 was reached, and growth rates
declined by 30%. These laboratory results reveal the adaptive capability of this pennate diatom to rapidly increase
its growth potential in warmer waters, and to become increasingly toxic in more acidic waters - environmental
conditions expected in the California EBUS due to CO2-induced ocean acidification and greenhouse warming.

November 1, 16:30 (S10-13453)

Evaluation of carbon chemistry along the near-shore coast of Japan
Haruko. Kurihara1, Naoko Yasuda1, Michiyo Yamamoto-Kawai2, Shota Shimizu3, Masahiro Nakaoka4 andHyojin Ahn4
1
2
3
4

University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan. E-mail: harukoku@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Shinagawa, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tateyama Station, Japan
Hokkaido University, Akkeshi Marine Station, Japan

Increase of atmospheric CO2 causes change of seawater carbon chemistry which is now called as Ocean
acidification (OA, IPPC 2007). When CO2 dissolve into the seawater, proton is released and concentration ofcarbon ion (CO32-) decrease. Because calcium carbonate saturation (Ω) is defined by the concentration of CO32-,
OA is also known to cause the decrease of Ω. Seawater pH and Ω decrease has been demonstrated that can directly
affect the physiology of marine organisms, particularly marine calcifires (Kleypas et al. 2005, Fabry et al. 2008).
Hence, there is now a strong need for evaluation the ocean carbon chemistry to predict the potential effects of OA
on marine ecosystems. However, although open water carbon chemistry is relatively well studied (Doney et al.
2010), presently there is very few long-term carbon chemistry data at coastal water. At near shore water, biologicalmetabolic feedback is proposed to strongly affect the seawater carbon chemistry, and hence show dynamic diurnaland seasonal variation (Feely et al. 2008). Additionally, coastal water shows highest productivity and biodiversity
in the ocean, where we also depend on most of our marine food sources.
In this study, for the aim of understanding the OA effect along the coast of Japan, here we first present a longterm carbon chemistry data obtained from 3 sites, extending from sub-arctic region (Hokkaido) to sub-tropicalregion (Okinawa). Data demonstrate that all 3 sites show highly different pattern of carbon chemistry, with highest
seasonal variation at sub-arctic region. Annual average Ω was 3.73, 3.26 and 1.96 at Okinawa, Chiba and Hokkaido
respectively, Potential biological implication will also be discussed.

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November 1, 16:50 (S10-13582)

Photosynthetic activity of early successional phytobenthos at a shallow CO2 seep off
Shikine Island, Japan
Shigeki Wada1, Agostini Sylvain1, Ben Harvey1, Yuko Omori2, Jason Hall-Spencer1,31

23Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Japan
E-mail: swadasbm@shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp
Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Center, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

Emission of anthropogenic CO2 is causing ocean acidification. Shallow CO2 seeps have been used as natural
analogues of ocean acidification to evaluate the impact on ecosystem, and we discovered novel CO2 seeps in
Shikine Island in Japan a few years ago. There is a change in community composition of the benthic flora along theCO2 gradient, which may affect primary production. Here, we deployed settlement plates at acidified and control
sites to collect early successional stages of the benthic algal community. Amounts of chlorophyll a on each plate
was comparable between the two sites, suggesting similar standing biomass across CO2 treatments. The plates
were incubated in light vs. dark conditions to measure photosynthesis. Photosynthetic activity was significantly
higher at the acidified site. This is explained by the fact that on plates collected from acidified site, diatoms
covered most of substratum and that these diatom were easily flushed off by wave action. At ambient levels of
CO2 the plates had a mixed assemblage of algae, with more firmly attached macrophytes. Therefore, the carbon
fixed by photosynthesis in the high CO2 environment is more easily transported away and does not accumulate as
biomass in the coastal region.

November 1, 17:10 (S10-13278)

The ecological effects of ocean acidification in the North Pacific Ocean
Jason Hall-Spencer, Ben Harvey, Shigeki Wada, Koetsu Kon, Marco Milazzo, Kazuo Inaba, Sylvain Agostini
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Drake’s Circus, PL4 7NL, UK.
E-mail: jhall-spencer@plymouth.ac.uk

To assess the likely ecological effects of ocean acidification we compared intertidal and subtidal marine communities
at increasing levels of pCO2 at recently discovered volcanic seeps off the Pacific coast of Japan (34°N). This
study region is of particular interest for ocean acidification research as it has naturally low levels of seawater
pCO2 (280-320µatm) and is located at a transition zone between temperate and sub-tropical communities. We
assess the effects of ocean acidification at the temperate/tropical biogeographic boundary. Marine communities
exposed to mean levels of pCO2 predicted by 2050 experienced periods of low aragonite saturation and highdissolved inorganic carbon. These two factors combined to cause marked community shifts and a major decline
in biodiversity, including the loss of key habitat-forming species, with even more extreme community changes
expected by 2100. Our results provide empirical evidence that near-future levels of pCO2 shift sub-tropicalecosystems from carbonate to fleshy algal dominated systems, accompanied by biodiversity loss and major
simplification of the ecosystem.

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November 1, 17:30 (S10-13540)

Effects of ocean acidification on net community production in coastal ecosystems:
In situ assessment in natural CO2 seeps
Shingo Kurosawa1, Shigeki Wada1, Sylvain Agostini1, Ben Harvey1, Marco Milazzo2 and Jason Hall-Spencer1, 3
1
2
3

Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Japan. E-mail: shinkuro@shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp
Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e del Mare, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
Marine Institute, Marine Biology and Ecology Research Center, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

Primary producers play a fundamental role in marine ecosystems. Anthropogenic CO2 emissions are causing
ocean acidification which is rapidly changing the carbonate chemistry of surface seawater worldwide. In highCO2 world, it is expected that plant and algal growth will be enhanced both in the sea and on land due to greater
carbon availability for photosynthesis. Submarine volcanic CO2 seeps can provide natural analogues of ocean
acidification where ecosystems have had chronic exposure to high CO2. Here, we focused on CO2 seeps off
Shikine Island, Japan, where macroalgae are the dominant primary producers. We haphazardly placed atransparent flexible chamber with a dissolved oxygen sensor at acidified and a reference sites to evaluate daytime
in situ photosynthesis. We calculated the net photosynthetic rates per area based on the slope of linear regression(dissolved oxygen vs incubation time). As expected, photosynthesis rates per area increased significantly withincreases in solar irradiance. The slope of the regression lines (net photosynthesis vs solar irradiance) implies
community production normalized by solar irradiance, and the values were 0.99 - 2.2 × 10-2 and 0.97 - 3.4×10-2(mol O2/mol photons) in acidified and control sites, respectively. As a result, the slope values in the acidified sitewere 143, 92, 72, and 58% of those in reference site in June, November, December and January, respectively.
Against expectations, community production normalized by solar irradiance did not increase in the acidified
conditions, despite high CO2 conditions.

November 1, 17:50 (S10-13436)

Dissolution: The Achilles’ heel of gastropods in an acidifying ocean
Ben P. Harvey1, Sylvain Agostini1, Shigeki Wada1, Kazuo Inaba1 and Jason M. Hall-Spencer1, 2
1
2

Shimoda Marine Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Shimoda, Japan. E-mail: harvey.benjaminpaul@gmail.com
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK

Ocean acidification is expected to negatively impact many calcifying marine organisms by impairing their ability
to build their protective shells and skeletons, and by causing dissolution and erosion. Here we investigated thelarge predatory ‘Triton shell’ gastropod Charonia lampas in acidified conditions near CO2 seeps off Shikine-jima(Japan) and compared them with individuals from an adjacent bay with ambient seawater pH. By using computed
tomography and electron microscopy we show that acidification negatively impacts their thickness, density andshell structure, causing visible deterioration to the shell surface. Periods of aragonite undersaturation caused theloss of the apex region, exposing body tissues. While gross calcification rates were likely reduced near CO2 seeps,
the corrosive effects of acidification were far more pronounced around the oldest parts of the shell. As a result,the capacity of many marine gastropods to maintain their shells under ocean acidification may be strongly driven
by abiotic dissolution and erosion, and not under biological control of the calcification process. Understanding
the response of marine calcifying organisms and their ability to build and maintain their protective shells andskeletons will be important for our understanding of future marine ecosystems.

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S11: Influence of climate and environmental variability on pelagic and forage
speciesNovember 1, 11:00 (S11-13812) Invited

Present situation and future prospects of study on sardine and climate change
Haruka Nishikawa
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology. E-mail: harukan@jamstec.go.jp

More than 30 years has passed since the effects of climate on sardine stock have been pointed out. I’ll introduce a
recent study on the climate impacts on variation in abundance of Japanese sardine (Sardinops melanostictus) andwhat is the problem about that left for future.
An empirical model can mostly reproduce the sardine recruitment rate with sea surface temperature (SST) in the
Kuroshio and density effect for passed 30 years. But how the SST controls the recruitment? And what is the density
effect? There are other unanswered questions. The recruitment variation of sardine is ‘mostly’ explained by above
two factors then, how about the influence of other factors? Interannual variation of the spawning behavior may
have some impacts on the recruitment success, because the spawning grounds and season of the Japanese sardine
vary drastically depending on the stock level. How do we think of the species replacement between sardine andanchovy? Some studies implied the opposite response of sardine and anchovy on the climate change. However,a recent study that reproduced millennial scale stock variation of sardine and anchovy suggests that the species
replacement rarely occurred. Another recent study shows a reliable evidence of the interspecific competition
between sardine and anchovy. The climate change impact on the sardine is not simple and here are many possible
controlling factors. In the next step, it is necessary to know the detailed role and function of climate change amonginteracting multiple controlling factors.

November 1, 11:30 (S11-13667)

Practical procedure for potential fishing zone prediction of neon flying squid (Ommastrephes
bartramii) in the north western North Pacific
Sei-Ichi Saitoh¹, Irene Alabia¹, Hiromichi Igarashi², Yoichi Ishikawa², Masafumi Kamachi² and Yutaka Imamura³
1

2

3

Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Hokkaido, Japan.Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
E-mail: ssaitoh@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Data Research Center for Marine-Earth Sciences, Japan Agency for Marine Earth-Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), 3173-25
Showamachi, Kanazawa-ward Yokohama City, Kanagawa, 236-0001 Japan
Aomori Prefectural Industrial Technology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, 10 Tukidomari,Moura,Hiranai-machi,
Aomori, 039-3381 JapanThe neon flying squid (Ommastrephes bartramii) has a wide-spread distribution in subtropical and temperatewaters in the North Pacific, which plays an important role in the pelagic ecosystem and is one of the major targets
in Japanese squid fisheries. We have constructed a habitat suitability index (HSI) model for neon flying squidusing the Japanese commercial fishery dataset collected in winter, January-March, during 2001-2011 and 4D-VAR
ocean reanalysis data set MOVE. We employed maximum entropy (MaxEnt) as a habitat model. There were twooceanographic conditions, eddy develop and eddy non-develop, during 2001-2011. The predictive performanceof models was evaluated based on area under the ROC curve (AUC) computed from independent data projections(January-March 2017, eddy develop year). Mean AUCs obtained for eddy year, non-eddy year, and overall year
models, showed that eddy year model was highest. We propose a practical procedure to use synchronize the modelfor eddy year or non-eddy year. In the case of 2017, eddy year, in advance two months before fishing season, we
can identify eddy develop or eddy non-develop, then we can advise fisher to decide to go to off Sanriku to catchneon flying squid, not to go to Japan Sea to catch common flying squid as fishing strategy. This practical procedure
could be useful for economic catch planning and tactical fisheries activities management.

75

PICES-2018

November 1, 11:50 (S11-13531)

Recent decline in winter stock of Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus related toclimate change during winter-spring
Yasunori Sakurai
Hakodate Cephalopod Research Center, Fisheries and Oceans Hakodate, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: sakurai@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Japanese flying squid, Todarodes pacificus is a nerito-oceanic squid. There are subpopulations with different peak
spawning seasons and areas, of which autumn and winter spawning populations are the largest and commerciallymost important. Annual catches of T. pacificus, especially of the winter spawning population decreased during thecool regime period from the late-1970s to late-1980s, while Japanese sardine, Sardinopsis japonicus increased
exponentially. After the late-1980s warm regime period, squid catch had increased and sustained the Japanesesquid markets. Recently, after 2016 the catch of winter population has extremely declined while after 2010 thecatch of Japanese sardine has increased, which is very similar to “species replacement phenomenon”. We canmap the inferred spawning grounds defined using the SST areas between 18-24ºC, especially between 19.5-23ºC
and within a specific range of bottom topography (100-500m depth). Here we used the relative status of inferredspawning grounds to explain the recent winter stock decline and the possibility of species replacement to cool
adaptive sardine. After the winter of 2016, the inferred spawning areas of the winter stock in the East China Sea
shrank and reduced to the continental edge off the Kyushu Island and the Nansei Islands. The climate change after
2016 introduced anomalous cold water induced by a strong winter monsoon. Hence the recent winter stock decline
is thought to have occurred because the inferred spawning areas in winter were covered by cold sea surface water
below 18ºC, which severely affects the survival of hatchlings.

November 1, 12:10 (S11-13506)

Analysis of monthly variation of fishing zone for Pacific saury using Multi-Sensor satellite
and fishery data
Yang Liu1, YongJun Tian1, Hao Tian1, Guanyu Chen1, Jianchao Li1, Shigang Liu1, Luxin Yan1, Yuan Li2 and LongShan Lin2
1
2

College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. E-mail: yangliu315@hotmail.co.jp
Third Institute of Oceanography, state Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361005, China

Pacific saury (Cololabis saira) is one of the most important commercial pelagic fish species being harvested in
the northwestern Pacific Ocean region. Spatial and temporal dynamic monitoring of fishing boats has become
an important data source for understanding the distributional dynamics of fisheries. Visible infrared imaging
radiometer suite (VIIRS) Day / night band (DNB) night-time remote sensing images can be used to monitor
fishing activities at night. The results shown that, spike detection and threshold segmentation techniques were thebest method to identify night light of fishing boats. GIS tools could be used to extract and analyze the fishing boat
position and operation status. Combined with environment factors (SST, Chl-a concentration and wind velocity),
fishery data and generalized additive model to detect habitat preferences of Pacific saury, we understand theseasonal variations of fishing zone associated with marine environment change.The method proposed in thisstudy can effectively identify the location and operation status of Pacific saury fishing boats, and provide useful
information for understanding the spatial distribution and dynamics of Pacific saury fishing zone in the northwest
Pacific region. In the future, this information could be useful to forecast the Pacific saury fishing zone and to assess
the fishery resources.

76

PICES-2018

November 1, 12:30 (S11-13482)

Spatial distributions and catch rates variability of Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) cohorts
related to oceanographic and climatic indices in the Pacific Ocean
Tzu-Hsiang Lin and Kuo-Wei Lan
National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung Taiwan (R.O.C). E-mail: popo12141618@gmail.com

The bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus, BET) is one of the important commercial species for longline fisheries in
Pacific Ocean. In this study, we collected the long-term (2002-2012) records of bigeye tuna catch rates, length dataof longline fisheries and divided into immature and mature group. The generalized additive models (GAMs) wereused to investigate the relationships between environmental variables and catch rates for evaluating the fishingcondition of the immature group and mature group of BET. The model selection processes showed the cumulative
deviances explained by selected GAMs were 32.9% and 38.1% in immature group and mature group respectively.
The result showed the catch rates were significantly correlated with the temporal (year and month), spatial(longitude and latitude), environmental variables of sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration(CHL) , mixed layer depth (MLD), sea surface height (SSH) and climate index (Pacific Decadal Oscillation andNorth Pacific Gyre Oscillation). A similar pattern of immature and mature group revealed positive correlations forthe catch rates and SST in the range 26-28℃, 0.1-0.2mg/m3 of CHL, 0.4-0.5 m of SSH, and 60-100 m of MLD.
However, the MLD explained the greatest amount of deviance for the immature group, but the greatest amountof deviance was CHL for the mature group. As a result, we speculating that the movement patterns of tunas areunder the control of the environmental conditions, because the time and areas strata favorable for spawning andfor feeding are limited and variable in time and space.

November 1, 14:00 (S11-13824)

Climate and potential impacts on distribution and life history: Arctic cod and saffron
cod, and Pacific sand lance and Pacific herring
Matthew R. Baker1,2, Mike Sigler2, Bob Lauth2, Beth Matta2, Erin Horkan1, Nicole Parris1
1
2

University of Washington Friday Harbor Laboratories, WA, USA. E-mail: matthew.baker@noaa.gov
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA

Environmental conditions have important influence on the distribution and life history of pelagic fishes. Directional
shifts in climate or persistent climate phases may have profound effects on the relative distribution and competitive
interactions between species within similar diet guilds and in similar trophic position. Pelagic forage fishes are
known to exhibit dramatic shifts in relative abundance and, with few exceptions, are generally categorized as datapoor species. This presents challenges to understanding the dynamics of these species. Using observed shifts indistribution of these fishes to periodic warm and cold periods and the influence of the recent anomalous warmingin the eastern Pacific, this talk considers the effects of a warming climate on four species – Arctic and saffron
cod and Pacific herring and Pacific sand lance. Known differences in growth rates and temperature tolerances forthe two Arctic gadids are compared to interpret shifts in distribution 2000-2017 and to project how these species
might react to a warming Arctic. Distribution patterns in Pacific herring and life history trends across latitudes andexperimental studies on temperature tolerance thresholds in Pacific sand lance are also used to consider how two
ecologically important Pacific forage species might respond to warming conditions.

77

PICES-2018

November 1, 14:20 (S11-13698)

Biogeographic patterns of marine communities in the Pacific Arctic under a warming
ocean
Irene D. Alabia1, Jorge García Molinos1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh1, Takafumi Hirata2, Toru Hirawake1, and Franz J. Mueter4
12
34Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: irenealabia@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Faculty of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo Japan
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate Japan
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA

Climate changes alter species distributions and diversity patterns in marine ecosystems. Here, we investigatedpossible consequences of changes in habitat and diversity patterns of fish and invertebrate taxa due to ocean
warming and sea ice loss in continental shelves of Eastern Bering and Southern Chukchi seas. Changes in thepresent-day species-specific habitat patterns and biodiversity components were examined under two contrasting
CMIP5 emission scenarios. The ensemble habitat models were developed using species occurrences from the
NOAA summer (June-August, 1993-2016) bottom trawl surveys and environmental factors (winter sea surface
temperature, sea ice concentration, and depth). Comparative analyses between the current and future habitat anddiversity patterns highlighted notable potential habitat changes concomitant with biogeographic shifts, dependent
on the period and magnitude of warming. Specifically, warm and sea ice-free waters led to the emergence ofsuitable habitat for warm-adapted species in the north that will likely become accessible with the projected decayof the cold pool feature under such climatic conditions. More importantly, these climate-driven biogeographic
shifts resulted to the redistribution of biodiversity, defined by homogenization and diversification of marine
communities in the subarctic and Arctic regions, respectively.

November 1, 14:40 (S11-13735)

Ecosystem stress test: What an ice-free winter might mean for the eastern Bering Sea
Janet Duffy-Anderson1, Elizabeth Siddon2, Phyllis Stabeno3, Alex Andrews2, Ali Deary1, Corey Fugate2, Colleen
Harpold1, David Kimmel1, Jesse Lamb1 and Steve Porter1
1
2
3

NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA USA. E-mail: Janet.Duffy-Anderson@noaa.gov
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA
NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Lab, Seattle, WA, USA

During the winter of 2017-2018, the Bering Sea experienced the lowest recorded sea ice extent in the satellite era(1978-present). This drastic decline in ice extent resulted in a complete lack of ice melt over the southern shelf andthe potential for minimal sea ice-mediated productivity. Our mechanistic understanding of recruitment controls
for juvenile fish indicate bottom-up forces drive cohort success (or failure) in years with above-average watertemperatures. We provide real-time ecosystem observations of the influence of an ice-free winter, the progressionof ocean heating, and impacts to system-wide productivity. Spring surveys in April and May of 2018 documented
reduced stratification, a month-long delay in the timing of the spring bloom, and low abundance and quality ofcrustacean zooplankton. However, the production of larval walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) remained
high, indicating a potential temporal mismatch with lower trophic level productivity. A reduction in trophic
transfer could subsequently impact adult fish, bird, and marine mammal species. A late-summer survey in Augustand September of 2018 will provide information on survival and condition of key zooplankton prey taxa andforage fish species. In the near-term, these ecosystem observations and indicators enable climate-informed stock
assessments; in the long-term, this research elucidates mechanisms linking climate with recruitment dynamics andprovides a glimpse of the Bering Sea ecosystem under future projections of limited sea ice.

78

PICES-2018

November 1, 15:00 (S11-13673)

Community and trophic impacts of the unprecedented North Pacific marine heatwave on
forage taxa in the northern California Current
Richard D. Brodeur1, Mary E. Hunsicker1, Toby D. Auth2, and Todd W. Miller3
1

2
3

NOAA, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
E-mail: rick.brodeur@noaa.gov
Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Newport, OR, 97365 USA
NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay, AK, 99821, USA

Forage taxa play a central role in transferring energy from lower to higher trophic levels. Ocean conditions may
influence this energy pathway in the northern California Current (NCC) ecosystem. The recent unprecedented
warming in the NCC provides a unique opportunity to better understand the connection between ocean conditions
and forage taxa abundance, distribution patterns, and feeding. We present findings from two studies that suggestthat the extended warming period associated with the ‘Warm Blob’ and El Niño affected forage taxa to a dramatic
degree. Pelagic trawl surveys were conducted off Oregon and Washington during early summer of 2011 and 20132016 and examined for interannual changes in spatial distribution of fish and invertebrate taxa. The community
was significantly different in both 2015 and 2016 than the earlier cool years. Crustacean plankton densities were
extremely low in both years, and the invertebrate composition became dominated by gelatinous zooplankton.
Stomach collections of multiple forage fishes off the Washington and Oregon coasts were examined from June
during recent warm years (2015 and 2016) and compared to previous collections from 2000, 2002, 2011, and2012 (average or cool years). Fish feeding habits and stable isotope signatures varied significantly between
cold and warm periods. Euphausiids, decapods, and copepods were the main prey items of the forage fishes incool years, however gelatinous zooplankton were consumed in higher quantities in warm years. The substantial
reorganization of the pelagic forage community has the potential to lead to major alterations in trophic functioning
in this normally productive ecosystem.

November 1, 15:20 (S11-13448)

Application of time series analysis to detect the effect of multi-scale climate indices on
global yellowfin tuna population
Yan-Lun Wu and Kuo-Wei Lan
National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan (R.O.C). E-mail: mir19951224@gmail.com

The biophysical effects of large-scale environment and climatic indices play a critical role in controlling tuna
distribution and abundance. In this study, we collected Taiwanese longline fishery data to investigate the yellowfin
tuna distributions and fluctuation of catch rate based on global scales the period of 1980-2010 by using advanced
time series analysis, including the state-space approach to remove seasonality, wavelet analysis to investigatetransient relationship and multiple regression to revealed significant climate indices from each area. Cross-wavelet
coherence of the standardized CPUE in western and eastern Pacific Ocean were found to have a periodicity of
2~3 year and 2~6 year with Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean, repectively. Results of multiple regression revealed
the Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillation (AMO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre
Oscillation (NPGO) were significantly influenced the standardized CPUE and gravity of fishing grounds of global
yellowfin tuna. In additional, longitudinal gravity of fishing grounds revealed significantly correlated with the
Dipole Mode Index (DMI) and Ocean Nino Index (ONI) in Indian Ocean and Pacific Ocean. The results suggested
the long-term decadal climate indices such as AMO, PDO and NPGO will affect the population abundances,
however, interrannual variability (e.g., DMI and ONI) only lead to the spatial variations of fishing grounds.

79

PICES-2018

November 1, 15:40 (S11-13650)

Long-term variations and hotspots in habitat of Japanese-Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius) based on spatial analysis
Peng Lian1, Yongjun Tian1,2, Jianchao Li1, Haiqing Yu1, Yang Liu1, Caihong Fu3, Xindong Pan1, Qinghuan Zhu1,
Chi Zhang1, and Zhenjiang Ye1
1
2
3

Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: lianpeng@stu.ouc.edu.cn
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao, PR China
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Canada

Japanese-Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus niphonius), with high yield of more than 400,000 tons in recent years, is
one of the major targets of fishing in coastal waters of China. However, in spite of the dramatic population fluctuations
as well as the significant descending trend in catch of its prey (e.g., Engraulis spp. and Clupea spp.), the mackerel
maintains the relatively sustained high catch regardless of the co-effects of overfishing and climate change. To
better understand the relationship between population dynamics of Japanese-Spanish mackerel and climate change,machine learning were used to identify the hotspots of distribution and classify the regional environmental change
index for potential shifts in the habitat. An integrated environmental database (Regional Ocean Modeling System& remote sensing data) was established, connected with long-term time series catch data of different seas and
CPUE (catch per unit effort) data. The results indicated that Japanese-Spanish mackerel have a dramatic response
to warming upper water. It was also found that the catch in southwestern East China Sea and Japan Sea have acounterbalance which highly matched with habitat shift. It can be inferred from our findings that the distributionof Japanese-Spanish mackerel may have a profound change caused by the variabilities of habitat. The method
used in this study may also provide some implications for other species in this region.

November 1, 16:20 (S11-13796)

The potential effects of climate change on suitable habitat for the fourfinger threadfin(Eleutheronema rhadinum) in the coastal waters of Taiwan
Sheng-Yuan Teng1, Ming-An Lee1, 2 and Nan-Jay Su1
1

2

Department of Environmental Biology Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, 2 Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224, Taiwan
R.O.C. E-mail: yuan22365041@hotmail.com
Taiwan Group on Earth Observations, Zhubei City, Hsinchu County 30274, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Fourfinger threadfin, Eleutheronema rhadinum, is one of the most important commercial and high values species
in the coastal fisheries of Taiwan. This aims to understand for fishing activity of gillnet fishery and community
structure of fishery resources in coastal waters off western Taiwan. In this study, we collected logbook of sampling
gillnet vessel, environmental data (i.e. Sea Surface Temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, bathymetry andcurrent velocity). We also investigated abundance and spatial distribution of hot spot for species that regularly
released in recent years, and analyzed annual variation on community structure of fishery resources for species.
Through ArcMap 10.1, spatial distribution of fourfinger threadfin showed widespread in each season. Previous
studies have suggested that marine species (i.e. gray mullet and striped marlin) are affected by multi-scale climaticforces (Lan et al., 2014; Su et al., 2015). The optimal habitat (HSI >0.6) was found in areas with satellite-derived
temperatures within the range of 26.1-28.8°C, current velocity of 0.011-0.51 m s-1, bathymetry of 40-55 m, and
0.098-1.76 of Chl-a concentrations. Therefore, it is necessary and urgent to explore and identify the fourfinger
threadfin potential habitat hotspots in the coastal waters of Taiwan. Through the habitat model, we provide thescientific assessment to set the effective management strategy and may provide the references for the further study
on fingerling released for our government or fishery management organization.

80

PICES-2018

November 1, 16:40 (S11-13427)

Climate variability with impacts on habitat suitability of chub mackerel Scomber japonicus
in the East China Sea
Wei Yu, Xinjun Chen, Weiguo Qian and Yuesong Li
Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: wyu@shou.edu.cn

An integrated habitat suitability index (HSI) model was constructed to examine habitat suitability of Scomber
japonicus in the East China Sea, and evaluate the relationship with the El Niño and La Niña events, with crucial
environmental variables (sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface height (SSH) and net primary production(NPP)) as predictors. Results showed that the HSI model with the best model performance yielded robust
predictions of habitat suitability for S. japonicus. The decreasing catch and CPUE of S. japonicus during 20062015 were highly consistent with substantial shrinkage of suitable and optimal habitats, and enlargement of normal
and poor habitats. Similar movement pattern was found between the latitudinal gravity centers of fishing effort for
S. japonicus fishery and the gravity centers of potential habitat. In addition, spatial correlation analysis indicatedthat the HSI value was significantly positively related to the SST anomaly (SSTA) and negatively correlated with
the SSH anomaly (SSHA) and NPP anomaly (NPPA). Furthermore, various intensity of the El Niño and La Niña
event may lead to different variations in the habitat suitability of S. japonicus. Comparing to the very strong El
Niño, the moderate El Niño events would yield rising SSTA and lowing SSHA and NPPA, leading to dramaticallyenlarged suitable habitat of S. japonicus. The habitat quality in La Niña events with different intensity depended
on the local environmental variability on the fishing ground. Our findings suggested that the impacts of eachanomalous climatic event on habitat suitability of S. japonicus varied with the intensities.

November 1, 17:00 (S11-13665)

Application of bulk and compound specific isotopes to resolving regional productivity
regimes experienced by Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii) on the coast of British Columbia,
CanadaBrian P.V. Hunt1,2,3, Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2,3, and Wade Smith1,3
1
2
3

Institute of the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British. E-mail: b.hunt@oceans.ubc.ca
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, BC, Canada
Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada

Despite a precautionary harvest policy, all five major stocks of Pacific herring in BC experienced marked declines
in the 2000’s. The Haida Gwaii (HG), Central Coast (CC), and West Coast of Vancouver Island (WCVI) stocks
all dropped below the biomass limit reference point (BLRP) during this period. Limited recovery was observed
despite fishing closures, indicating that some factor other than fisheries is driving recruitment in these areas.
Despite also showing declines in in the 2000’s, the Strait of Georgia (SOG) stock stands apart for consistently
remaining above the BLRP, and showing a rapid increase to record levels since 2010. The relative success of the
SOG herring indicates that this stock has had refuge from the forcing function impacting HG, CC and WCVI.
One of the factors potentially driving stock trajectories is regional differences in coastal productivity. Large-scalestudies on productivity are costly, and linking productivity to herring is challenging. Here we test the approachof using the herring themselves as samplers of their ocean environment. We collected muscle tissue from herring
across the five major BC stocks, and used these to characterize stock specific bulk stable carbon and nitrogenisotopes signatures. Bulk isotopes alone do not inform differences in the productivity of food webs supporting
herring, as changes may be influenced by both productivity and the trophic level that the fish are feeding at. Using
Compound Specific Isotope Analysis however, we demonstrate that herring occupy a consistent trophic level (~TP 3) across all BC stocks, pointing to differences in productivity as the driver or differences in bulk isotopes. Thisapproach underscores the potential of routine stable isotopes measurements as a herring ecology observation tool.

81

PICES-2018

November 1, 17:20 (S11-13342)

Seasonal dynamics in pelagic fish abundance around Set-net in Kochi prefecture
Yanhui Zhu1, Kenji Minami2, Yuka Iwahara3, Kentaro Oda3, Koichi Hidaka3, Osamu Hoson3, Kouji Morishita3,
Sentaro Tsuru3, Masahito Hirota3, Hokuto Shirakawa4 and Kazushi Miyashita4
1

2
3

4

Graduate School of Environmental Science Hokkaido University, N10W5, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
E-mail: zhuyanhui0817@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
Estuary Research Center, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, Japan
Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center (JAMARC), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-3-3 Minatomirai,
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan

Japan is one of the world’s top producers of fishery products, although the fishery is decline. Therefore, it is necessary
to conduct sustainable fishery even in the present situation. To figure out how to product fishing efficiently, weneed to find out the relationship between fish abundance with marine environment to estimate the fish distribution
accurately. In our study, we conducted the survey in Suzu of the Kochi coastal area, where continuation of the
set-net fishery becomes the urgent problem by aging problems and instability of the fishery. We researched infour seasons from 2017/5 to 2018/2 at surrounding area of set-net by fishing boat (9.91 gross tonnage). A dense
system of survey transects allowed determination of the acoustic index (volume backscattering strength Sv andarea backscattering coefficient Sa) for fish abundance with high precision by quantitative echo sounder (KSE300
SONIC, 38kHz). Marine environment was measured by CTD (ASTD102 JFE ADVANTECH). Relationshipof acoustic index and marine environment were analyzed by generalized additive model (GAM). Through theacoustic data, every season showed similar trends that the fish densities were high around 500m and 2000m fromshore and tended to be strong in 30 m depth (P<0.05). Also, fish densities were high in the thermocline during
stratification period (spring and summer). Marine environments suggest that high phytoplankton concentration
caused high fish density in the thermocline. Therefore, fish catches probably will be increase if set-net put towards
outer sea area or leader-net are extended in offshore for a certain extent.

November 1, 17:40 (S11-13583)

Long-lived marine fish employing broadcast spawning may be resilient to environmental
variability: A selective sieve hypothesis
Jacek Maselko
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA Fisheries Service, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: Jacek.Maselko@noaa.gov

Pacific Ocean Perch (POP) support a prominent commercial fishery in the Gulf of Alaska. They are a long-lived
species characterized by widespread larval dispersal in their first year and lifespan of over 100 years. In orderto understand how early marine dispersal affects the POP survival and population structure, I used Restriction
Site Associated DNA sequencing (RADseq) technique to obtain 11,146 single nucleotide polymorphic (SNPs)
sites from 401 Pacific Ocean perch (POP) young of the year (YOY) collected during the 2014 (19 stations)and 2015 (4 stations) NOAA led surveys in the Eastern Gulf of Alaska. Maximum likelihood based clustering(STRUCTURE) analysis showed that the POP samples represented four distinct ancestral populations. Theselarvae are most likely from various, distinct parturition locations mixing during their pelagic dispersal life stage.
Latent factor mixed models were used for genome-wide association study and revealed that POP are facing
significant selection forces during their first year at sea as indicated by the gene variants associated with spatial andphysiological heterogeneities. These findings support the idea of a Selective Sieve Hypothesis where the strongest
selection occurs during this critical life stage in response to environmental conditions, food availability, predator
abundances, and other external factors. Each adult cohort’s DNA sequences are the result of the environmental
conditions experienced during their first year at sea. Long-lived species relying on broadcast spawning strategies,
may therefore be uniquely resilient to environmental variability by maintaining a portfolio of cohort specificadaptive genotypes.

82

PICES-2018

November 2, 09:00 (S11-13734)

The effect of oceanographic variability on pelagic larval fishes of the Northern Bering and
Chukchi Seas
Elizabeth Logerwell1, Morgan Busby1, Kathy Mier1, Heather Tabisola2 and Janet Duffy-Anderson1
1

2

Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
E-mail: libby.logerwell@noaa.gov
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA

This work is part of the Arctic Integrated Ecosystem Survey (Arctic IES) – a multi-disciplinary investigation of
the ecosystem through oceanography, plankton, and fisheries surveys. Surveys were conducted in the Chukchi
and Northern Bering Seas from August to September 2012, 2013 and 2017. Ocean currents, phytoplankton andzooplankton distributions were very different between the years. We investigated whether the distribution of larvalfish reflected these differences. The larval fish community was dominated by Arctic cod, Bering flounder, yellowfin
sole and capelin. Yellowfin sole and capelin larvae were associated with Alaska Coastal Water, likely because they
were advected north from nearshore spawning areas in the Bering Sea. Arctic cod and Bering flounder spawn in
the Chukchi Sea and were associated with Anadyr/Bering Sea/Chukchi Sea Water and with Chukchi Winter Water.
These water masses had moderate to high phytoplankton and zooplankton concentrations, so we hypothesize thatthe result was favorable foraging for larval fishes. Statistical models of a suite of relevant oceanographic variables
were developed to test these hypotheses and to examine the effects of interannual oceanographic variability. Our
results increase the knowledge of the mechanistic links between oceanography and the early life history of fish.
Ocean processes such as advection and the formation and retreat of sea-ice have been and likely will continue tobe impacted by climate change. Because growth and survival of early life stages of fish often drives population
change, our results contribute to the understanding of the impacts of climate change on Arctic fish populations.

November 2, 09:20 (S11-13781)

Effects of environmental variabilities on the early life stage of Pacific chub mackerel
Scomber japonicus in the Northwest Pacific
Chenying Guo and Shin-ichi Ito
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, the University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: guochenying@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Pacific chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) is a small pelagic and important commercial fish species widelydistributed throughout the coastal areas of the Indo-Pacific. Because the large inter-annual variations ofrecruitment and total biomass in previous decades are considered to link to the changing ocean environments, wedeveloped a growth-migration model for chub mackerel to track the environment fish experienced and evaluate
the effects on the growth and migration from environmental variabilities. The early life history of 2010-yearclass individuals was simulated in the Northwest Pacific under satellite derived environments. The growth wasevaluated by a bioenergetics model which developed by reviewing and analyzing data from previous studies andnew respiration experiment. The migration, which was decided by ocean current and predicted swimming behavior
after metamorphosis, was calculated by Lagrangian approach. The model results showed significant difference ofgrowth characteristic among the larval and juvenile groups characterized by different transport routes, indicating
the importance of sea surface current on the distribution and fitness of chub mackerel in the early stage. The group
initially located around Izu Islands, which is the main spawning ground of chub mackerel, experienced the stableenvironment both in temperature and prey environment, and had moderate growth. This fact may be a hint that thereason of chub mackerel spawning around the Izu Islands that this area may provide stable habitat condition forlarvae and juvenile of chub mackerel.

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PICES-2018

November 2, 09:40 (S11-13377)

Influence of climate warming for migration, growth and survival of Japanese chumsalmon in the North Pacific Ocean and the Okhotsk Sea
Masahide Kaeriyama1 and Yusuke Urabe2
1
2

Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: salmon@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

Population size of Japanese chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) has showed marked decrease trend since the 2010s.
To evaluate the climate warming effect on migration, growth, and survival of Japanese chum salmon, we analyzed
ocean condition, especially sea surface temperature (SST) in the North Pacific Ocean including the Okhotsk Sea
using the objective analysis data “COBE-SST” (Ishii et al. 2005) operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency
and the NCEP/NCAR data of NOAA (Kalnay and Coauthors 1996), and growth of juvenile chum salmon by thescale back-calculation method. In the 2010s, the area of adaptable temperature (AT: 5-12 ºC) for chum salmon
markedly decreased in the Okhotsk Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. And the area of optimum temperature (OT: 8-12ºC) has quietly departed from Hokkaido Island in July when juvenile migrate to the Okhotsk Sea. The area of
OT in August gradually decreased since the 1990s and became less than half in the 2010s. The estimated fork
length of chum salmon at the age 1 well synchronized with the survival rate and decreased since the early 2010s.
Relationship between SST of the southern Okhotsk Sea in July and survival rate of Hokkaido chum salmon has
a significant positive correlation within the OT, but a negative correlation over the OT. These results suggest thatthe climate warming have profound effects on migration route, growth, and survival of Japanese chum salmon in
the North Pacific Ocean around Japan and the Okhotsk Sea.

November 2, 10:00 (S11-13647) CANCELLED

Potential environmental drivers of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) recruitmentin the Yellow Sea
Haiqing Yu1, Huaming Yu1, Shin-ichi Ito2, Yongjun Tian1 and Yang Liu1
1
2

Ocean University of China, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: yhqhyx@gmail.com
The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

Water temperature and food availability are believed to be major environmental factors controlling the growthand survival of many fish species, especially in their larval or juvenile stages, during which the survival rate
may further determine the recruitment. In this study, the environmental effects influencing the recruitment ofJapanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus in the Yellow Sea (YS) and associated dynamical processes are discussed.
The log recruitment residual (LNRR) from the Ricker model pertaining to the Japanese anchovy population
within the YS is compared with marine environments derived from a coupled physical and lower-trophic-levelecosystem data assimilative model. The results show that the LNRR is significantly negatively correlated with sea
surface temperature (SST) in the traditional spawning ground south to Shandong Peninsula, China (i.e. a notabletemperature-sensitive area) in July months. Meanwhile, LNRR is also significantly positively correlated withsurface small zooplankton biomass (i.e. main prey for anchovy larvae) in some specific regions in the YS (i.e.
a food-sensitive area) within summer seasons for a 15-year period (1987 - 2001). These findings imply that therecruitment of Japanese anchovy in the YS is likely regulated both by water temperature and food availability insummer timeframes. The negative temperature-recruitment relationship in the temperature-sensitive area can be
explained both by “spawning temperature optima” and “optimal growth temperature” hypotheses, meaning thatwater temperature may influence Japanese anchovy recruitment in the YS by regulating either the egg abundanceor larval growth rates, or both. Furthermore, it is also found that the interannual variation of the modelled surface
small zooplankton biomass in the food-sensitive area during summer months is mainly determined by nutrient
supply, by which both vertical stratification and horizontal advection would make direct contributions. This
study highlights the feasibility of using a coupled physical and lower-trophic-level ecosystem model with data
assimilation to investigate the effects of the marine environment on the recruitment of small pelagic fish. In return,the results can provide implications for recruitment prediction and fishery management of the Japanese anchovyin the YS.

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PICES-2018

November 2, 10:40 (S11-13386)

Large zooplankton abundance as an indicator of Walleye Pollock recruitment in thesoutheastern Bering Sea
Lisa Eisner1, Ellen Yasumiishi2 and Alex Andrews2
1
2

NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle WA, USA. E-mail: Lisa.Eisner@noaa.gov
NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA

Interannual variations in large zooplankton abundance (sum of the most abundant large taxa, typically important inage-0 pollock diets) were compared to age-3 walleye pollock (Gadus chalcogrammus) abundance for year classes
2002-2012 and 2014 in the southeastern Bering Sea. Data were collected on fishery oceanography surveys frommid-August through September for warm (low sea ice) and cold (high sea ice) climate stanzas. We implemented
a spatial delta-generalized linear mixed model using the Vector Autoregressive Spatio-Temporal (VAST) package
in R (Thorson et al. 2015) to estimate annual abundances of 1) Calanus glacialis/marshallae (Calanus spp.), 2)
large zooplankton throughout the water column, and 3) an annual index for composition of Calanus spp. in thediets of age-0 pollock.
A key result was the positive significant linear relationship between both mean abundance of large zooplankton
and Calanus spp. during the age-0 stage of pollock versus estimated abundance of age-3 pollock. Increases in sea
ice was associated with increases in Calanus spp. (the dominant large zooplankton taxa) in net tows and in age-0
pollock diets, leading to high overwinter survival of age-0 pollock and subsequent recruitment into the fishery at
age-3. Accordingly, this index may be used to predict future recruitment success of pollock three years in advance.
This provides support for the revised oscillating control hypothesis that suggests as the climate warms, reductions
in sea ice (and reduced availably of ice-associated algae, an early spring food source) could be detrimental to large
crustacean zooplankton and to the pollock fishery in this region.

November 2, 11:00 (S11-13732)

Calanus sinicus and its relationship with climate variability in the northern Yellow Sea
Qing Yang1, Jinqing Ye1, Hui Liu2
1

2

Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian
116023, PR China
Department of Marine Biology, Texas A & M University at Galveston, Galveston, Texas 77553, USA. E-mail: liuh@tamug.edu

The spatio-temporal distribution pattern of Calanus sinicus, a key copepod species, was examined in the northern
Yellow Sea (YS). Compared with 1959 and 1982, there was a significant increase in the abundance of C. sinicus
in the spring, summer, and autumn of 2011 and winter of 2014. The percentage of C. sinicus in the zooplankton
assemblages ranging from 45.6% to 75.8% in different seasons of 2011-2014 was significantly higher than thatin 1982. Two different spatial distribution patterns of C. sinicus were observed, with higher abundance occurring
nearshore during the cold season (e.g., January) and offshore in the central portion of the northern YS in the warm
season (e.g., May, July, and October). The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass in the central portion of the northern YS
likely provides an important over-summering site for the species. Additionally, a greater increase of the abundanceof C. sinicus was found in the northern portion (northern YS) of its spatial distribution during the past half
century. This study has an implication on the climate-driven shifts in zooplankton community in the northern YS,
highlighting the importance of C. sinicus in the warm-temperate ecosystem of Chinese coastal seas.

85

PICES-2018

November 2, 11:20 (S11-13295)

Contrasting the relative contribution of species sorting and dispersal limitation to marine
macrozooplankton community diversity in coastal Bohai Sea
Yangchun Gao1,2,3, Hongjun Li1, Aibin Zhan2,3
1

2

3

Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian
116023, PR China. E-mail: hjli@nmemc.org.cn
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 18 Shuangqing Road, Haidian District, Beijing
100085, PR China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, PR China

Understanding ecological communities and their determinants are crucial to predict biological response to futureenvironmental change, and thus knowledge also provides insights for environmental monitoring programs. Coastal
marine ecosystems are highly variable and suffering from negative influence caused by anthropogenic activities
and global climate change. However, the mechanisms structuring spatial variation of biological communities incoastal marine realms are still unclear. Here, we combined information on species composition, environmental
and spatial factorss to analyze the spatial variation of macrozooplankton communities, which were collected fromfive regions of Bohai Sea. In this study, a total of 49 macrozooplankon species (excluding zooplankton larva andjuveniles, fish eggs and fish larvae) were identified morphologically in the five coastal regions and the community
structures varied significantly among the five regions. The RDA model showed that environmental and spatial
predictors explained 53.37% variations of zooplankton community structure, indicating that species sortingand dispersal limitation were major factors for the macrozooplankton community structure variations. After
participating variance, environmental predictors purely explained 22.03% of community structure variations, about
three time larger than that by spatial variations, which purely accounted for 7.18% of the variations in zooplankton
structure, suggesting that species sorting played major roles in structuring the macrozooplankton community inthe coastal marine regions of Bohai Sea. Our results would promote the comprehensively understanding of marine
zooplankton assembly and also provide insights to predict biotic response to future environmental changes causedby human activities and global climate change.
Key words: Zooplankton community, Species sorting, Dispersal, Redundancy analysis

November 2, 11:40 (S11-13497)

Physical factors influencing the recapture rate and yield of the edible jellyfish in the
Liaodong Bay, China
Liping Yin1, Xiujuan Shan2, Chang Zhao1, Guansuo Wang1, Fangli Qiao1
1
2

The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, PR China. E-mail: yinlp@fio.org.cn
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China

A coupled individual based model for jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum was developed for the first time to research
the physical factors that influence the yield of the jellyfish. Within the coupled model, virtual particles representing
the jellyfish were capable of growth, mortality, diel-vertical migration and were passively moved by the marine
physical process such as advection and diffusion. The physical factors were extracted from an operational ocean
circulation-surface wave coupled forecasting system for the seas off China and adjacent areas (OFS-C). Transport
simulation indicated that the top of the bay is better than the eastern and western coasts for jellyfish fishing andthe site near WFD is not an advisable location for jellyfish release. Comparing the model result with the reported
jellyfish yield information in years 2008 to 2010, it indicated that the yield of the jellyfish is controlled by therecapture rate and the mean individual quality. Model results showed that the ocean current and indirect wind
impact are the main drivers controlling the jellyfish transport, and further can influence the recapture rate. In
addition, the temperature at releasing and the natural mortality rate can both influence the recapture rate. The
individual quality of the jellyfish is affected by the growth time, the ambient temperature of the jellyfish and thesalinity. The model results showed that a longer growth time, higher temperature and lower salinity can improve
the individual jellyfish quality.

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PICES-2018

November 2, 12:00 (S11-13542)

Seabird density relative to their prey and water mass distributions around St. Lawrence
Island, northern Bering Sea during summer
Bungo Nishizawa, Haruka Hayashi, Nodoka Yamada, Hiromichi Ueno, Tohru Mukai, Toru Hirawake, and Yutaka
Watanuki
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041-8611, Japan.
E-mail: nishizawa@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp

The marine ecosystem of the Bering Sea is experiencing rapid changes due to reductions in seasonal sea ice. In
the northern Bering Sea, several water masses can be discerned, which are likely to influence the distributionof zooplankton and fish, thereby, distributions of their predators i.e., seabirds. Understanding the links between
seabirds, their prey, and water masses are crucial to predicting ecosystem changes. To examine distribution ofseabirds, their prey, and water masses we conducted boat-based seabird observations concurrently with acoustic
surveys (zooplankton and fish biomass) and CTD measurements around St. Lawrence Island in the northern Bering
Sea during July 2017. Three distinct water masses were identified based on salinity; Alaska Coastal Water (ACW,<31.8 psu), Bering Shelf Water (BSW, 31.8–32.5 psu), and Anadyr Water (AW, >32.5 psu). Surface omnivores(fulmars and storm-petrels) occurred throughout the study region. Divers, however, showed stronger relationships
with water masses. The density of planktivorous divers (auklets) was highest in AW (22.8 birds n.mile-1) than
BSW (0.8) and ACW (0) and was higher in areas where zooplankton biomass (10-20 m depth) was high. On theother hands, the density of piscivorous divers (murres and puffins) was highest in BSW (11.9 birds n.mile-1) thanAW (4.2) and ACW (0.7) and was not significantly correlated with fish biomass. Our study suggests that divers,
which are tightly associated with specific water mass, might be more affected than surface omnivores by climateinduced changes in water masses in seasonal sea-ice regions of the northern Bering Sea.

87

PICES-2018

S12: Applying ecosystem considerations in science advice for managing
highly migratory species
October 30, (S12-13813)-Plenary

Challenge and opportunity for fisheries stock assessment in changing environments
Yong Chen
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA. E-mail: ychen@maine.edu

The complex, nonlinear and dynamic human-natural interactions in fisheries hinder full understanding of fisheries
population dynamics, causing management decisions to be made in the face of large uncertainty. Climate change
has further increased the level of complexity and uncertainty in ecosystems. As a result, we are often unsure offish population dynamics and possible consequences from management regulations. To reduce the likelihood of
unintended damages to marine ecosystems, we need to reduce the uncertainty associated with our understandingof dynamics of target fish populations and their ecosystems. In this presentation, I will discuss possible challenges
facing fisheries stock assessment in changing environments and identify some of the opportunities we have toimprove our understanding of fisheries dynamics. In particular, I will discuss the use of environmental data to
improve stock assessment. Drawing from research conducted in previous studies, I will show how we can identify
research avenues to address some of the challenges facing fisheries stock assessment in a changing environment.

October 30, 11:00 (S12-13603)

Effects of global warming on spawning behavior of the Pacific bluefin tuna based on
otolith oxygen stable isotope analysis
Shingo Kimura1, Yulina Hane1, Yusuke Yokoyama1, Yosuke Miyairi1, Takayuki Ushikubo2 and Nobuhiro Ogawa1
1
2

The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: s-kimura@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp. E-mail: s-kimura@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kochi, JapanThe Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus orientalis) spawn mainly in waters around the Okinawa region. This species
is typical of fishes that spawn seasonally in small, limited areas. Any marked change in the marine environmentof the spawning grounds, such as global warming, is likely to have a direct impact on larval survival and growth.
According to previous numerical simulation based on IPCC climate scenario, the predicted survival rates of larvae
arriving in Japanese coastal waters in 2100 would decline to 36% of present recruitment levels. To avoid thiseffect, this species may change the main spawning ground from the Okinawa region to the Sea of Japan. In fact, its
landing at fishing ports facing to the Sea of Japan is increasing recently. However, it is very difficult to estimate thespawning rate. Thus, focusing on different spawning temperatures in the two spawning regions, we have developed
a method based on otolith oxygen stable isotope ratio (δ18O) using the Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS)
techniques. The spatial resolution near the core region resulted 10 times higher than the conventional method. As
a result, 1-2‰ δ18O increase around the first annulus (800µm~) indicates experience of lower water temperature in
autumn and winter. The 0.5‰ difference in δ18O among the samples was measured and this difference suggests thespawning temperature difference experienced by fish in the Sea of Japan and the Okinawa region. In conclusion,
it is clarified that this method using SIMS can estimate spawning water temperature preciously.

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October 30, 11:20 (S12-13700)

Development of male-specific DNA markers in the Pacific bluefin tuna (Thunnus
orientalis): Potential applications for sex ratio control in aquaculture and contribution totuna resource management
Ayako Suda1, Tsubasa Uchino1, Issei Nishiki1, Yuki Iwasaki1, Masashi Sekino1, Tetsuya Akita2, Nobuaki Suzuki3and Atushi Fujiwara1
1

2

3

Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and
Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: ayasuda@affrc.go.jp
Research Center for Fisheries Resources, National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education
Agency, Yokohama, Japan
Fisheries Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tokyo, JapanThe Pacific bluefin tuna, Thunnus orientalis, is a highly migratory species that is widely distributed in the North
Pacific Ocean. The recent significant decrease in the population of this species is affecting the Japanese fisheryeconomy. Japan is one of the largest tuna product producing countries, and thus, efficient management of tuna
is crucial. Developing an efficient full-life-cycle aquaculture is one of the countermeasures to conserve natural
resources. However, determining the optimum sex ratio in aquaculture to collect a stable number of fertilized
eggs is difficult because the Pacific bluefin tuna does not exhibit sexual dimorphism externally. Advancements
in genomic techniques over the past decade have allowed collecting genome-wide data on non-model species todetermine genetic sex. Effective, simple, and accurate methods for sex identification are desired in aquaculture
and fishery surveys. Therefore, here, we report the construction of an improved draft genome and the identificationof male-specific DNA markers in the Pacific bluefin tuna. Male-specific DNA markers were developed via agenome-wide association study by using re-sequencing data of 15 males and 16 females and used for PCR primer
designing. The sex of 131 individuals (87 males and 59 females; the sex was diagnosed by visual examination of
the gonads) was correctly identified by using a PCR-based method. This easy, accurate, and practical techniqueallows determination of sex ratio in tuna farming. Furthermore, this method is powerful for estimating the sex
ratio and/or the growth rate of juveniles in natural populations.

October 30, 11:40 (S12-13363)

Spatio-temporal distribution of albacore Thunnus alalunga and its relationship withenvironmental changes in the Pacific Ocean
Kento Nakatsugawa1, Hidetada Kiyofuji2 and Shingo Kimura1
1
2

The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: 9378291914@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan

Albacore tuna Thunnus alalunga is one of the most important commercial fish species caught worldwide. Since
the catch of albacore tuna has doubled in the past 60 years in the Pacific, clarifying the interannual variability of
their distribution is essential for fisheries resource management of highly migratory species. This study aims to
elucidate the spatio-temporal variation of albacore distribution, particularly focusing on relationships between
albacore distribution and environmental changes by applying empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis basedon Japanese longline fishery data. According to EOF1, the distribution shifted from east to west of the northPacific in the 1990s. Time series of the score showed a significant correlation with catch fluctuation of the preyspecies such as Japanese sardine Sardinops melanostictus and Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus. The catchof sardine sharply decreased, and the catch of anchovy began to increase in the north Pacific in the 1990s. This
great species alternation is generally termed as the regime shift. Due to the drastic resource decline, the distributionof sardine shrunk from the central and western Pacific to a limited area off Japan. On the other hand, the resultof EOF2 showed a relationship between the distribution and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. The
score showed two peaks in 1982–1983 and 1997, which were both consistent with years when a strong El Niño
occurred. As shown in a previous study, albacore distribution probably has concentrated in an area where watertemperature has increased due to El Niño events.

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October 30, 12:00 (S12-13510)

Migration paths and habitat use of albacore in the eastern North Pacific, with implications
for surface fisheries
Barbara Muhling1,2, Desiree Tommasi1,2, Owyn Snodgrass2,3, Heidi Dewar2
12
3

University of California – Santa Cruz Cooperative Institute for Marine Ecosystems and Climate, San Diego, CA, USA.
E-mail: Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, San Diego, CA, USA
Ocean Associates Inc.

Albacore (Thunnus alalunga) migrate throughout much of the North Pacific Ocean, including the California
Current Ecosystem (CCE). Their abundance in the CCE, and local availability to fishing fleets, has varied strongly
historically, at both interannual and decadal-scales. In this study, we use fishery-dependent catch data to show
how albacore use thermal migration corridors across the North Pacific, and how oceanographic variability drives
changes in their availability to U.S. and Canadian surface fishing fleets. We also relate albacore distribution to
spatiotemporal variability in assemblages of their major prey species in the CCE, determined from gut content
analyses. Our results have relevance for the development of ecosystem models for the CCE, and for the future
prediction of albacore movements across international management boundaries, at seasonal to centennial
timescales.

October 30, 12:20 (S12-13799)

A management strategy evaluation framework to assess robustness of harvest guidelines
for North Pacific Albacore tuna to variable productivity and distribution
Desiree Tommasi1,2, Barbara Muhling1,2, Steve Teo1 and Gerard DiNardo1
1
2

NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla, CA, USA. E-mail: dtommasi@noaa.gov
University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, USA

Changes in ocean conditions are known to affect the productivity (recruitment, growth, survival) and distributionof many valuable marine fish, including highly migratory species like Albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga). Bothclimate variability and change are expected to alter North Pacific Albacore tuna (NPALB) productivity andavailability, with implications for fisheries management. To maintain resilience of the NPALB population underclimate change and limit sociological and economics impacts, future fishery management advice needs to berobust to uncertainty in productivity and distribution. Here we outline a Management Strategy Evaluation (MSE)
framework based on the Stock Synthesis software and designed to assess the consequences of uncertainty in
NPALB productivity and distribution for achieving NPALB management objectives. Effectiveness in meeting
predefined management objectives under shifting recruitment, time-varying growth, and time varying ageselectivity is compared across a range of harvest guidelines and reference points.

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PICES-2018

October 30, 12:40 (S12-13266)

Evaluating the performance of two methods for estimating fishing mortality rate of Fang’s
blenny (Pholis fangi) based on size frequency data
Ning Chen1, Chongliang Zhang1, Ming Sun1, Binduo Xu1, Ying Xue1, Yiping Ren1,2, Yong Chen3
1
2

3

College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China. E-mail: chenning_1993@126.com
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology Qingdao 266000, PR China
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, 218 Libby Hall, USA

Fishery stock assessment usually requires catch-at-age data to estimate parameters, whereas such data are often
unavailable to many of the existing fisheries. Meanwhile, size frequency data may carry useful information for the
status of fishery stocks, and they are the most accessible for even data-poor stocks. However, the performance of
estimation methods based on size-frequency data has been rarely evaluated and less understood in relevant studies.
This study used length-based assessment methods implemented by the s6model and TropFishR R packages toestimate F and FMSY using five years of survey data for the unassessed Fang’s blenny (Pholis fangi) stockin Haizhou Bay, China. We evaluate the performance of the method by examining the sensitivity of estimatedvalues to (1) amount of data and (2) season of data collection. The results showed that when the amount of data
increase, estimations of F and Fmsy with s6model and TropFishR have the same trend of change. Be specificindicated that s6model tended to be more influenced by sample size, to which TropFishR showed a constrained
responses. Both s6model and TropFishR estimated a higher fishing intensity from spring data compared to fall,
and the seasonal effect was larger for s6model than for TropFishR. We concluded that TropFishR could provide
satisfactory estimation of F and Fmsy when survey data are limited. When a time series of data were available,
s6model performed better for estimating fishing mortality. The study highlighted the usefulness of size-frequency
based methods in stock assessment and provided suggestions for their applications.

October 30, 13:00 (S12-13306)

Commercial stock assessment and forecast of northern shrimp Pandalus eous on thesouth-western KamchatkaOхana G. Mikhaylova and Oleg I. Ilyin
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Naberezhnaya, 18 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, 683000, Russia.
E-mail: mikhailova.o.g@kamniro.ru

Russian fishing of commercial northern shrimp near southwestern coast of Kamchatka has been conducted since1998. Regulation of the fishery implies this annual establishing the total allowable catch (TAC). The TAC has
been usually evaluated on the survey data about current state of the stock. Mean times there were no data about
the age of the shrimp available at the beginning of forecasting, and the assessment was direct, implying the same
stock for 2 years. One methodical improving later, when reading the age composition, based on the sizes, has beenpossible, virtual population analysis (VPA) was applied. At present, the model “Synthesis” (Ilyin et al., 2014) isused to estimate the state of the stock and to prediction. The model one of comparatively simple statistical cohortmodels with a separable representation of fishing mortality. It takes into account the specifics of fishing statistics
and allows obtaining detailed description of the dynamics of the age structure of the estimated stock.

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October 30, 13:20 (S12-13383)

Life-history connectivity in a highly migratory fish, Japanese Spanish mackerel(Scomberomorus niphonius), implications from otolith chemistry
Xindong Pan, Chi Zhang, Zhenjiang Ye, Binduo Xu, Yang Liu and Yongjun Tian
Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. E-mail: pxd@stu.ouc.edu.cn

Connectivity is a vital component of metapopulation and fishery resource ecology, influencing fundamental
processes such as population dynamics, evolution, and community responses to climate change. In populations withhighly migratory abilities, connectivity is not only limited to dispersal in the pelagic larval stage but throughout
the whole life history. In the present study, connectivity in the Japanese Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus
niphonius, a highly migration species whose distribution covered the temperate and subtropical waters of Chinaseas, was investigated using LA-ICP-MS otolith microchemistry. Otoliths from adults (age 1) were examinedfrom four spawning areas along a latitudinal gradient spanning much of the known species range in the Yellow
Sea and the East China Sea. In each sampled life stage, otolith trace elements are similar among fish from different
capture locations, but otolith compositions vary greatly between life stages. Ba:Ca ratio indicates ontogenetic
migrations from relatively low salinity water during early life to high salinity waters with increasing age. Largescale connectivity in all life stages suggests that S.niphonius individuals spawned in the same western coastal
area have complex natal origins and fish caught off northern Yellow Sea may even be of Southern East China Sea
origin. The immature fish mix to a large extent when they feed and overwinter in the extensive offshore waters in
the eastern area. From these results, it was suggested that the local mackerel assemblages on which fisheries rely
are collectively influenced by the recruitment of all the spawning assemblages along China coastal waters insteadof self-sustaining.

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Biological Oceanography Committee Paper Session
November 2, 09:00 (BIO-P-13709)

De novo transcriptome assembly of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Ansanella granifera:
Spotlight on flagellum-associated genes
Se Hyeon Jang1, Hae Jin Jeong1, 2 and So Jin Kim1
1
2

Seoul National University, Seoul, R Korea. E-mail: hjjeong@snu.ac.kr
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, R Korea

Many dinoflagellates are known to cause red tides and often outgrow non-motile diatoms and motile small
flagellates through active vertical migration between well-lit surface and eutrophic deep waters and/or by
locating and ingesting prey cells. Their flagellum play important roles in these critical behaviors. However, thestructural and functional genes of dinoflagellate flagella are very little known. Thus, a de novo assembly of thetranscriptome of the fast-swimming dinoflagellate Ansanella granifera were conducted and its flagellum genes
were characterized and compared with those of other dinoflagellates, motile small flagellates, and non-motile
protist species. Based on assembled data using Trinity/CLC combined strategy, 83,652 transcripts of A. granifera
were identified and annotated to the NCBI non-redundant (nr), InterProScan, Gene Ontology, and KEGG pathway
analyses. Moreover, 71 structural and 35 functional flagellum-associated genes expressed were identified. The
number of expressed flagellar structural and functional genes of A. granifera was not markedly different fromthose of other dinoflagellates or motile small flagellates, but much greater than those of non-motile species.
Furthermore, in flagellar gene based dinoflagellate phylogenetic trees, the long-branch attraction artifacts, which
previously reported in the ribosomal gene based phylogeny, was resolved. Moreover, the species in the order
Peridiniales or Gymnodiniales were revealed to belong to a big clade of each order. Therefore, the phylogenetic
tree based on the flagellar genes is likely to give a clue to resolve the problem of separation in a big clade of adinoflagellate order, which has existed in the phylogeny based on ribosomal DNA.

November 2, 09:20 (BIO-P-13319)

Reproductive isolation in oceanic copepods revealed by genome-wide SNP data
Junya Hirai
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: hirai@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

An appropriate evaluation of reproductive isolation is important to determine species boundary and population
structure of marine planktonic copepods, leading to further understandings of global biodiversity. The moleculartechnique using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) marker has been widely used in copepods, and cryptic species andbasin-scale population structures have been detected even in oceanic areas without clear physiological barriers.
However, reproductive isolations cannot be evaluated only by mtDNA maker (e.g. COI), due to maternal inheritanceof mtDNA. Common nuclear DNA makers (e.g. ITS and rDNA), on the other hand, show slow mutation rates, andtheir sequence variations are insufficient to reveal reproductive isolations of copepods. To this end, restriction siteassociated DNA sequencing (RAD-Seq) method was applied to oceanic copepods in this study, and genome-wide
single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) data were analyzed to reveal reproductive isolations. First, species-level
isolations were investigated using Pleuromamma abdominalis with multiple COI clades at single sampling site.
The genetic clades based on SNP data were corresponded with those based on COI sequences, supporting specieslevel isolations among mtDNA clades. Second, population-level isolations were investigated using Cosmocalanus
darwni collected in North and South Pacific subtropical gyres. Although there were no sequence variations in COI
sequences, SNP data revealed distinct population-level isolations between North and South Pacific. These results
show that genome-wide SNP data provide new insights on species boundary and population structure of oceanic
copepods. This study also suggested that both species and genetic diversity of oceanic copepods are higher thanpreviously recognized.

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November 2, 09:40 (BIO-P-13405)

Diversity of marine planktonic ostracods in South China Sea: A DNA taxonomy approach
Lei Xu1,2,3, Lianggen Wang1,2,3, Jiajia Ning1,2,3, Hong Li1,2,3, Yingying Ji1,4, Feiyan Du1,2,3*
1

2
3

4

South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China.
E-mail: feiyanegg@163.com
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510300, China;
Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Development and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangzhou 510300,
China
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai ocean university, Shanghai 201306

Ostracods (Crustacea, Ostracoda) are small bivalved crustaceans, contributing over 200 described species tothe marine zooplankton community. They are widely distributed and are relatively abundant components of themesozooplankton, playing an important role in the transport of organic matter to deep layers. Previous fragmentarytaxonomic studies of ostracods in the South China Sea, were based solely on morphology. Here, by analyzing themitochondrial COI gene, we explore the taxa across the South China Sea using molecular tools for the first time.
Our results show that sequence divergence among species varies within a large range, from 12.93% to 35.82%.
Sixteen of the taxonomic units recovered by DNA taxonomy agree well with morphology, but Paraconchoecia
oblonga, Conchoecia magna and Halocypris brevirostris split into two clades each, each of which contains cryptic
species. By analysing the mitochondrial COI gene, we explore the population genetic structure and haplotype
pattern of Porroecia spinirostris which is dominant species of ostracods in South China Sea. Our data suggest thatP.spinirostris can achieve long distance dispersal and specific haplotypes were successful in colonizing habitats
from Xisha area to Nansha area. A total of 36 haplotypes were defined from 85 individuals, with most of them
being existing only one time. The dominant haplotype was found in twelve sampling sites. The largest distance
between two sampling sites harbouring this haplotype is more than 700km. Our findings of long distance dispersal
in South China Sea combined with mild genetic differentiation among populations (average ΦST = 0.167) are inline with a scenario where population genetic structure is strongly impacted by colonization patterns.
Keywords: DNA taxonomy, COI, ostracods, genetic differentiation, South China Sea

November 2, 10:00 (BIO-P-13364)

Sampling efficiency of ichthyoplankton in the northern Bering Sea: An inter-gearcomparison
Yuki Takemuro, Haruka Hayashi, Nodoka Yamada, Bungo Nishizawa and Orio Yamamura
Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: yuki-takemuro_kyoto@eis.hokudai.ac.jp

We compared sampling efficiency and size-selectivity of three gears for ichthyoplankton survey in the northern
Bering Sea adjacent to the Bering Strait and St. Laurence Island. The gears compared were: bongo net (0.7 m
diameter, 0.505 mm mesh), MOHT (Matsuda-Oozeki-Hu-Trawl net; 2 m2 mouth opening, 1.4 mm mesh), and ringlarvae net (1.3 m diameter, 2.0 and 0.33mm mesh). Of these, bongo and MOHT nets were towed obliquely fromsurface to 15 m and 10 m above the sea floor, respectively. The ring net was towed sea surface horizontally for 10
min. These gears were towed sequentially at each of 13 stations during the daytime.
Bongo net was most effective in terms of total numerical density despite the smallest mouth opening; averagedensity obtained by the bongo net was 4- and 36-fold higher when compared with MOHT (p<0.02) and ringnet (p<0.001), respectively. Species composition also differed by gear, with higher fraction of Hippoglossoides
spp. in bongo samples (permanova, P<0.001). Furthermore, comparison of body sizes revealed that bongo net
collected larvae with smaller body sizes than MOHT (e.g. 8.5 mm vs 10.7 mm in average for Hippoglossoides
spp.; P<0.001, t-test) Thus, we concluded that i) the 1.3 m ring net was inadequate in ichthyoplankton samplingin the present study area, ii) bongo (MOHT) net is recommended when larvae with body lengths of <10 mm (>10mm) are targeted.

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November 2, 10:40 (BIO-P-13443)

Seasonal variation of micro-copepod assembages and impact of ichthyplankon in South
China Sea
Lianggen Wang, Feiyan Du, Xuehui Wang, Jiajia Ning, Lei Xu, Yafang Li
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: lung1984@163.com

Pelagic micro-copepod (<1mm in length) are the important diets of fish larvae and some carnivorous oromnivorous macro-zooplankton. The micro-copepod assembages and impact factors were analyzed using the net
data obtained during seasons of 2014. Sixty-seven taxa were identified, low abundance (159.39±75 individualsm-3) were observed compared with coastal zones, with was the similar with oceanic zones in Pacific Ocean.
Abundance and distributions changed seasonally along with the surface current driven by a monsoon reversal. The
micro-copepod community was affected by season, temperature, salinity, lattitude, chl a and larval fishes. Larvalsquids and hyperiid distributions related to five dominant taxa that were Oithona similis, O. tenuis, O. plumifera,
Farranula gibbula and Calocalanus styliremis and larval fishes distribution related to Farranula, hyperiid andkrill were verified by generalized additive models. Those indicated that micro-copepod pumped enough nutrition
into larval fishes and larval squids and the abundance of larval squids would predicted by some micro-copepod
taxa in the central South China Sea.

November 2, 11:00 (BIO-P-13550)

Microzooplankton selective grazing on phytoplankton in the subtropical North Pacific
Ocean
Siyu Jiang1, Fuminori Hashihama2 and Hiroaki Saito1
1
2

Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: jiangsiyu@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Department of Ocean Sciences, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, JapanThe major pathway for phytoplankton primary production engaging in the marine food web and supporting thehigher trophic levels is microzooplankton (20-200μm) grazing. Previous studies reported microzooplankton
could consume 67% of phytoplankton production on global scale. However, this averaged value is incapableof reflecting microzooplankton grazing in very extensive open ocean since the studies are still limited and thegrazing mechanism was sensitive to environmental conditions and could vary even in stable oligotrophic waters.
For figuring out the variation of microzooplankton grazing and its impact on transferring primary production, we
carried out trans-Pacific cruise in the most unstudied subtropical North Pacific gyre (23ºN, 137ºE to 120ºW) insummer 2017. Using dilution experiment, the growth and grazing mortality rates of phytoplankton communityand specific groups (diatoms, haptophytes, pelagophytes, Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus, represented by
pigment markers of fucoxanthin, 19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin, 19’-butanoyloxyfucoxanthin, zeaxanthin anddivinyl chlorophyll a) due to microzooplankton grazing were estimated.
The phytoplankton community growth (indicated by chlorophyll a) was decoupled with mortality but positively
correlated to net growth rate (growth minus mortality, p<0.01), indicated the bottom-up control. However, thephytoplankton community showed relatively high net growth rate (0.34±0.29 d-1) under the serious nitrogen
limitation (concentrations of NO2- and NO3- were generally lower than the detection limit of 3 nM). It can be
attributed to the dominant prokaryotic phytoplankton, especially Prochlorococcus, which were accustomed tothe circumstance with lower nutrient. Both higher growth and lower mortality of Prochlorococcus rendered theirhigher net growth (0.63±0.36 d-1) and much contribution to the community biomass accumulation. On the contrary,
lower net growth rates (averaged 0.11 d-1) of three eukaryotic phytoplankton groups (diatoms, haptophytes andpelagophytes) indicated less contribution to the community biomass. Further, their mortalities were positively
correlated to each other, also implied the different grazing process of microzooplankton on eukaryotic andprokaryotic phytoplankton.

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November 2, 11:20 (BIO-P-13490)

Contribution of different organic carbon sources to the food web of a subtropical mangrove
ecosystem, China
Jiajia Ning, Yafang Li, Xuehui Wang, Lianggen Wang, Yangguang Gu and Feiyan DuSouth China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: njpiao1981@163.com

Mangroves, one of the most productive natural ecosystems in the world, have quantity of leaves that fall into
the surrounding water every year. Assessing how the organic carbon sources derived from mangrove forests isutilized by consumers and its rate of utilization in the food web has been received much attention. To this end,
we conducted a study using stable isotopes in September 2016 (rainy season) and March 2017 (dry season) in
the Zhanjiang Mangrove National Nature Reserve of China. Our results showed that the primary organic carbon
sources of the consumers in the mangrove food web were benthic algae, followed by particulate organic matter inwater bodies, while the mangrove leaves made a minor contribution. And the contribution of mangrove leaves andbenthic algae to consumers in dry season were higher than those in the rainy season, but the particulate organic
matter was lower, which might be related to the C/N ratio of these organic carbon sources. Estimates of consumer
trophic positions indicated ~4 trophic levels. Mollusks occupied lower trophic levels, while crustaceans and fishes
varied from intermediate to top consumers. And for the 18 species of co-occurring consumers in two seasons,
trophic positions of fishes were higher in dry season compare with the same species in rainy season except Sparus
latus, whereas mollusks and crustaceans were lower except Cerithidea ornata. The seasonal variation of trophic
positions suggesting that the consumers exhibit plasticity in their feeding strategies to utilized the organic carbon
sources.

November 2, 11:40 (BIO-P-13437)

Mixing, stratification and spring bloom in an oligotrophic sea
Amatzia Genin, Margarita Zarubin and Yoav Lindemann
The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in Eilat, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, POB 469, U.S. & Canada..., 88103, Israel.
E-mail: a.genin@mail.huji.ac.il

The processes determining the timing of spring phytoplankton blooms are still debated. The subtropicaloligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba, northern Red Sea, is a unique water body, where convective mixing during winterreaches hundreds of meters in depth. Using a 30 year-long time series and in situ experiments, we found thatneither the Sverdrup’s Critical Depth mechanism nor the Dilution-Recoupling hypotheses explain the timingof the spring phytoplankton bloom. Instead, we propose a simple alternative, the “Dispersion-Confinement
Mechanism”: During mixing, phytoplankton cells that photosynthesize and grow in the upper (illuminated) layer
are homogeneously dispersed by vertical mixing. Thereby the deepening of the mixed layer leads to the dilutionof the cells with plankton-free water from below, keeping their concentration low. In the spring, once mixing
stops, the cells are no longer vertically dispersed, allowing their accumulation in the upper layer, generating a
bloom. High specific growth rates, necessary to maintain the increase of the entire (integrated) phytoplankton
biomass during the deepening of the mixed layer (the “Dispersion Phase”) as well as supporting their rapid growthduring the bloom (the “Confinement Phase”) are possible due to the entrainment of nutrients by the deep verticalmixing. Although this mechanism is proposed here for the case of a subtropical, oligotrophic sea, its relevance fortemperate oceans deserves further consideration.

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November 2, 12:00 (BIO-P-13368)

Spatial and temporal variability of coccolithophore blooms in the eastern Bering Sea
Carol Ladd1, Lisa Eisner2, Sigrid Salo1, Calvin Mordy1, 3, and Debora Iglesias-Rodriguez4
1
2
3
4

Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: carol.ladd@noaa.gov
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Seattle, WA, USA
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA

Coccolithophores are a widespread group of marine phytoplankton that produce plates of calcium carbonate thatcover their cells. Large blooms of coccolithophores may significantly influence the biogeochemical properties ofthe ocean and atmosphere and trophic dynamics of the marine ecosystem. Because of the important implicationsof coccolithophore blooms, their timely monitoring and reporting is necessary for ecosystem management. To
communicate with ecosystem management stakeholders, we developed an annual Coccolithophore Bloom Index(CBI) for the eastern Bering Sea shelf using satellite ocean color data. Comparisons between in situ and satellite
data and the CBI (years 1997-2017) were used to examine hypotheses regarding environmental influences oninterannual bloom variability. A significant non-linear relationship with summer stratification was found: the CBI
was higher during years with either very low or very high stratification. In addition, while the blooms usuallyoccurred over the middle shelf (50 – 100 m depth), more of the bloom was located over the shallow (30 – 50m) inner shelf when stratification was low. Spatial correspondence between nutrient concentrations (nitrate,
ammonium) and the areal extent of the coccolithophore bloom provide tantalizing but non-conclusive evidence
that nutrient availability plays a role in bloom formation and location.

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Fisheries Science Committee Paper Session
November 2, 09:00 (FIS-P-13672)

Reproductive biology and fishery management of snow and Tanner crabs in the eastern
Bering Sea
Gordon H. Kruse1, April Rebert1,2, Jonathan I. Richar1,3, Laura M. Slater1,4 and Joel B. Webb1,5
1
2
3
4
5

University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: ghkruse@alaska.edu
Current address: Mark, Tag, and Age Laboratory, Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK, USA
Current address: National Marine Fisheries Service, Kodiak Fisheries Research Center, Kodiak, AK, USA
Current address: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Kodiak, AK, USA
Current address: Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Division of Commercial Fisheries, Juneau, AK, USA

Snow (Chionoecetes opilio) and Tanner crab (C. bairdi) stocks support boom-and-bust fisheries in the eastern
Bering Sea. Management of these male-only crab fisheries may be enhanced by improved understanding offunctional relationships between male harvest and female reproductive potential. In the genus Chionoecetes,
females possess paired spermathecae, an organ for sperm storage from previous matings. For Tanner crab inSoutheast Alaska, mean sperm cell counts of primiparous females by location were negatively correlated withan exploitation rate index, suggesting that male-only harvest decrease levels of stored sperm available for
fertilization of a subsequent clutch. For Tanner crab in the eastern Bering Sea, a 13-14 year cycle in recruitment
and total population size may indicate that long-term environmental variability mediates recruitment strength.
However, this cycle is also approximately double the estimated mean age of maturity, suggesting the possibilityof an endogenous rhythm associated with a stock-recruit relationship. For snow crab, fecundity increases withincreasing female size and decreases for older multipara (age) likely due to senescence. We report on attempts toimprove upon estimates of reproductive potential, which are affected by relationships with life history, female size,shell condition, temperature during embryogenesis, and other factors. Additionally, we pursue ongoing research
to determine whether structures in Chionoecetes are retained through molting and whether band counts in thesestructures correspond to age. If so, results would provide a boon to estimates of age at maturity and rates of natural
mortality and growth, which are critical for sustainable fishery management of these stocks.

November 2, 09:20 (FIS-P-13270)

The dynamics of the biomass of the bottom fish major families in the eastern part of the
Sea of Okhotsk in 1960-2017
Olga Novikova
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia.
E-mail: Novikova.o.v@kamniro.ru

The West Kamchatkan shelf typically demonstrates high biodiversity, including more than 150 species andsubspecies, representing 32 families of fish. The basis of the fish biomass (over 93%) in the depth range 15-300 m
is currently made up of 4 families: Gadidae, Pleuronectidae, Cottidae and Clupeidae.
In 1989 the maximal value of the total biomass of the bottom fish for examined period (1960-2017) exceeded2000 million. tons. The average level of the total biomass for mentioned period was 690.8 thous.tons. The average
total biomass of Pleuronectidae was 406.6 thous.tons, Cottidae — 203.6 thous.tons, Gadidae — 148.3 thous.tons.
For today (2008-2017) the total biomass of the bottom fish on West Kamchatka exceeded the level of the 1980s.
However, the contribution of the basis families changed visibly. For instance, Gadidae and Cottidae, respectively
contributed 1.3 and 1.5 times less comparing in the 1980s. Although Pleuronectidae contributed 1.4 times more.
Increasing biomass of Pleuronectidae in 1980-1990 was due to significant growth of the biomass of yellowfin
sole, when it made up over 70.0%. In 2008-2017 the basis of the biomass of Pleuronectidae was reprecented by
Sakhalin dab, which contributed 53% into the total biomass of the family in 2014. Recent decade in the whole
period of observations can be characterized by consequent decrease of the Pacific cod stock to a very low level(26.8 thous. tons in 2016) and explosive growth of saffron cod biomass (198.6 thous.tons in 2015).

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November 2, 09:40 (FIS-P-13355)

Application of DNA metabarcoding on biodiversity research of nekton community
Shufang Liu1,2 and Zhimeng Zhuang1,2
1
2

Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, China. E-mail: liusf@ysfri.ac.cn
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

The main members of nekton (swimming animals) are fish, marine mammals, cephalopods and crustaceans. Mostof the swimming animals are the final products of the water productivity, which accounts for about 90% of thetotal amount of aquatic products in the world. It is an important source of animal protein in human food. Therefore,
species identification and diversity conservation of swimming animals are of special importance to mankind.
Based on the recent literatures of DNA metabarcoding in fishery resources, this paper reviewed the developmentof DNA metabarcoding as it originated from DNA barcode, the combination with high-throughput sequencing
technologies and its performance in the nekton biodiversity, and the characteristic on how to identify multispecies automatically from a large sample containing an entire organism or decayed DNA of sediment, water,
waste, etc. Some applications had been compiled and discussed in detail about biodiversity monitoring, resource
survey, diet analysis, endangered species protection and management of alien species invasion. Some obstacles
are still existed in the mismatch of common primers for DNA metabarcoding, decayed DNA on the exposure inexternal environment, and inappropriate DNA extraction method. However, DNA metabarcoding could be a greatcandidate to study on species diversity. It’s also suggested that advances of DNA metabarcoding should focus
on co-building a nekton DNA metabarcoding database, sharing the information platform and performing thewideness of third high-throughput sequencing generation in nekton.

November 2, 10:00 (FIS-P-13530)

Estimation of a temperature-dependent Gompertz-Laird growth equation of chubmackerel (Scomber japonicus) larvae
Seonggil Go and Sukgeun Jung
Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea. E-mail: seonggil117@gmail.com

Chub mackerel are one of the most commercially important species in the Korean waters. Variations in watertemperature and growth during the early life stages are critical factors determining the recruitment and potential
catch of chub mackerel, but yet no study has explicitly provided a temperature-dependent growth equation for chubmackerel larvae. Here we propose a Gompertz-Laird growth equation as a function of ambient water temperature
in Celsius (T) for chub mackerel larvae by utilizing the experimental data reported by Hunter and Kimbrell (1980).
The derived equation was , where Lt is standard length in cm, t is age in days, and . We expect that our derived
growth equation can be useful in evaluating and projecting climate-change effects on the recruitment, spatial
distribution and potential catch of chub mackerel by developing and applying bio-physical coupling models.

November 2, 10:40 (FIS-P-13399)

Biological monitoring of Pacific salmon at the hatcheries of Kamchatka region
Nadezda A. Rastyagaeva, Svetlana L. Rudakova, Olga O. Kim, and Natalia N. Romadenkova
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), 18 Naberezhnaya St., Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000,
Russia. E-mail: virona_n@mail.ru

Complex researches are provided at salmon hatcheries of Kamchatka region every year. The work consists ofbasis components, including evaluation of epizootic situation at the hatcheries; control of biological conditions ofjuvenile salmons; otolith marking of juvenile fish before releases; identification of hatchery salmons in the control
and commercial catches; evaluation of the efficiency of the hatcheries; estimation of the maximum possible
releases in view of carrying capacity of the acceptor-rivers. The purpose of the monitoring is to figure out general
biological principles, allowing to improve practical recommendations to enhance efficiency of the Pacific salmon
artificial production.

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November 2, 11:00 (FIS-P-13419)

Effects of sample size and distribution characteristics of survey data on estimation ofabundance index of fish population using delta-distribution model
Jian Liu1, Jing Wang1, Binduo Xu1, Chongliang Zhang1, Ying Xue1 and Yiping Ren1, 2
12

Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. E-mail: bdxu@ouc.edu.cn
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

Delta-distribution model is widely used for estimating abundance indices of fish populations especially whenmany extreme values occur in the survey data. In order to examine the impacts of sampling efforts and distribution
characteristics of survey data on abundance estimate using delta-distribution model, simulated data were generated
by resampling the original survey data and analyzed to estimate fish abundance index with different sample
sizes and distribution characteristics using delta-distribution model. The performances of delta-distribution model
varied with sample sizes and was also affected by the distribution characteristics of the original survey data. Deltadistribution model could get relatively precise abundance index estimates at relatively small sample size when
the original survey data was relatively evenly distributed and at large sample size when the original data wererightly-skewed. Distribution characteristics of survey data obviously influenced the performances of the deltadistribution model for estimating abundance index. Increase of zero values proportion, skewness of non-zerovalues or coefficient of variation would cause decline in stability and accuracy for estimating abundance indicesusing delta-distribution model. The effects of any of these factors on the estimation of abundance index could
not be described by simple linear function. The formula of delta-distribution model determined that the estimateswould be affected by complex factors including several elements. Such a post-survey analysis could improve theprecision of abundance index estimate using delta-distribution model.

November 2, 11:20 (FIS-P-13548)

Stock assessment of Pacific anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) biomass in the Korea Strait
based on Simulation-based yield-per-recruit analysis
Kyunghwan Lee, Seonggil Go and Sukgeun Jung
Jeju National University, Jeju, R. Korea. E-mail: kyunghwan034@gmail.com

Pacific anchovy Engraulis japonicus is one of the most commercially important species in the Korea Strait. In
Korea, Anchovy catch biomass has steadily increased since the 1950’s and it showed sudden decrease in theearly 2010’s. To providing biological reference point consider to short life cycle (maximum age is 2 years) ofPacific anchovy, we developed and applied a daily simulation-based yield-per-recruit (Y/R) model that considered
1) temperature-dependent growth, and 2) size-dependent mortality, including the life cycle from egg to adultstages. Assuming annually-constant daily egg production of anchovy during the spawning season, we estimatedpotential yield and egg production with respect to varying biological reference points of 1) the instantaneousfishing mortality, and 2) the length at first capture in fork length (Lc) with the two alternative fisheries regulation
scenarios 1) a minimum Lc to protect larval and juvenile anchovy, 2) a maximum Lc to protect adult anchovy.
Our Y/R model showed that potential yield could be maximized when the minimum Lc ranges between 42-60
mm (annual catch = ca. 1.2 million tons) and the maximum Lc > 88 mm (annual catch = ca. 0.8 million tons). The
study results suggest that to protecting small size population is more efficient than to protecting big size population
for fishery management. Also, Our method can be applied to other small pelagic species that difficult to apply the
traditional Beverton-Holt Y/R model.

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November 2, 11:40 (FIS-P-13428)

Habitat suitability modeling reveals climate-driven abundance variability and geographicaldistribution shift of winter-spring cohort of neon flying squid in the Northwest Pacific
Ocean
Wei Yu1, Xinjun Chen1, Qian Yi1 and Yong Chen2
1
2

Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: wyu@shou.edu.cn
University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA

A habitat suitability index (HSI) model was developed to examine the climate-related habitat variations and therelationship with abundance and distribution of neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in the Northwest
Pacific Ocean. The HSI model was constructed and validated using the fishery data during 2006-2015 with threecrucial environmental variables including sea surface temperature (SST), photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) and sea surface height anomaly (SSHA). Results indicated that the catch-per-unit-effort (CPUE) of O.
bartramii gradually decreased during 2006-2015, the latitudinal gravity centers of fishing effort (LATG) shifted
southward. Correlation analyses suggested that the CPUE was positively correlated with SST, PAR and the areasof suitable (HSI≥0.6) and optimal (HSI≥0.8) habitats occupying the whole fishing ground, but negatively related
to the SSHA. Significantly positive correlation was found between the LATG and the average latitude of the most
preferred SST, PAR, and the average latitude of the area with the HSI between 0.9-1.0. The annually declining
CPUE over 2006-2015 were highly consistent with the expansive poor habitats and contractive suitable andoptimal habitats. Meanwhile, the south-approaching LATG coincided with the southward migration pattern of
the latitude of area with HSI in the range of 0.9-1.0. Moreover, comparing to the El Niño events, La Niña events
yielded higher CPUE and enlarged suitable habitat areas for O. bartramii, the LATG moved toward further north.
Our findings suggested that variability in the abundance and distribution of O. bartramii were largely attributed toclimate-induced massive environmental variations and further habitat changes on the fishing ground.

November 2, 12:00 (FIS-P-13344)

Evaluating the effect of data manipulation on clustering analysis on fish abundance
Jia Wo1, Chongliang Zhang1, Binduo Xu1, Ying Xue1, Yiping Ren1, 2
12

College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China. E-mail: 499467134@qq.com
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology Qingdao 266000, China

Clustering is commonly used in many disciplines, however, the reliability and stability of the methods have rarely
been studied in the practical applications in fisheries, regarding technical details such as data transformation,
optimization of cluster number, and minimum of data sizes. This study presents an intensive comparison of threecommon clustering methods, Hierarchical cluster, K-means and Expectation-Maximization method (EM) in
identifying meaningful ecoregions based on fisheries community surveys in the coastal waters of Shandong.
We evaluate the performance of the three methods in various scenarios of clusters number, data size and datatransformation, focusing on the consistency validation with an index of Average Proportion of Non-overlap(APN). The major findings include: (1) the three methods are inconsistent in the optimal number of clusters, anddata pre-processing approaches, including scaling, square-root and log-transformation, show different influenceon the clustering results. (2) EM have good performances to avoid extremely unbalanced classification, whereas
Hierarchical and K-means provide more stable results. Besides, the pre-processing also influenced the stabilityof clustering, and scaling tends to provide more stable solution at the same cluster number. (3) The APN value
decreased with increasing size of data, indicating an improved stability, whereas the changing rates level off over
70 samples, depending on the clustering methods. We conclude that the best method depends on the aim of theclustering and the number of cluster, whereas K-means tended to be robust in this study. We also provide somerecommendations for the application of clustering in fisheries data.

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Human Dimension Committee Paper Session
November 2, 09:00 (HD-P-13580)

Historical and contemporary Indigenous marine conservation strategies in the North
Pacific
Natalie C. Ban1, Emma Wilson1,2 and Doug Neasloss2
1
2

School of Environmental Studies, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: nban@uvic.ca
Kitasoo/Xai’xais Integrated Resource Authority, Kitasoo/Xai’xais First Nation, Klemtu, BC, Canada

Global marine biodiversity is declining, and strategies to reduce, halt and reverse such declines are urgently
needed. Coastal Indigenous peoples have been managing their marine territories for thousands of years, including
conservation strategies that are applicable to contemporary conservation. We reviewed, coded, and synthesizedhistorical and contemporary marine conservation strategies by the Kitasoo/Xai’xais First Nation in British
Columbia, Canada, using the Conservation Measures Partnership conservation actions classification system.
We found that the Kitasoo/Xai’xais First Nation applied all first-order conservation actions in historical andcontemporary conservation, with Hereditary Chiefs’ responsibilities of managing their marine territories playing
a key role. A conservation ethic permeates Kitasoo/Xai’xais culture, and Indigenous resource management andconservation existed not only in the past but continues strongly despite extreme efforts by colonizers to suppress
all Indigenous practices. The Kitasoo/Xai’xais’ embodiment of all conservation actions as part of their worldview,
rather than seeing conservation as requiring actions separate from everyday life as is the norm in non-Indigenous
conservation, was missing from the conservation action classification system. The Kitasoo/Xai’xais are one ofmany First Nations in coastal British Columbia and elsewhere who are working to revitalize their governance andmanagement authorities. With the Canadian government’s declared willingness to work towards reconciliation,
there is an opportunity for the government to enable First Nations to lead on marine and other conservation efforts.
Global conservation efforts would also benefit from enhanced support for Indigenous conservation approaches, as
it may broaden the toolbox and ways of thinking about conservation.

November 2, 09:20 (HD-P-13589)

Observing Canada’s Pacific coastal ocean: Networks, programs and pathways tooperationalization
S. Kim Juniper1, Akash Sastri1, Charles Hannah2, Jennifer Jackson3 and Bryan Hunt3
1
2
3

Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada E-mail: kjuniper@uvic.ca
Institute of Ocean Sciences, 9860 West Saanich Road, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada
Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada

Canada’s complex Pacific coast environment is characterized by regional contrasts in human pressures andrequirements for ocean monitoring. Major oceanographic features of the region include the inland Salish Sea,
sheltered and exposed archipelago, fjords and coastal inlets, and open coast facing the northeast Pacific. The federal
Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO), Ocean Networks Canada (ONC), and the Hakai Institute (Hakai) are
the principal operators of ocean observing programs and observing platforms in the region. DFO’s vessel-based
observing programs maintain long time series in the Salish Sea to support ocean productivity research. Other
vessel-based observing programs are operated by ONC (ferry routes) and Hakai (Calvert Island). ONC maintains
an extensive network of cabled observing platforms that provide real-time ocean data and imagery to an online,
open-access data centre. Hakai’s growing sensor networks around Calvert and Quadra Islands monitor fresh andmarine water properties. Marine mammal activity and ocean soundscapes throughout the region are monitoredby hydrophones operated by ONC, DFO and private and not-for-profit interests. High frequency coastal radars
operated by ONC and DFO provide information on surface ocean conditions in some locations. The primary
mission of all of these observing programs and networks has been basic and applied research. Looking ahead
to increasing requirements for real-time operational ocean information, we will examine the observational datarequirements for maritime safety, marine mammal conservation and ocean health monitoring. These cases studies
will illustrate the technical challenges and data-collection gaps related to operationalizing ocean observing on
Canada’s Pacific coast.

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November 2, 09:40 (HD-P-13690)

Development of Sustainable Integrated Multi Tropic Aquaculture (IMTA) as a Model ofSato Umi Concept in the Coastal Area of Indonesia
Suhendar I Sachoemar1, Mark L. Wells2, Mitsutaku Makino3, Ratu Siti Aliah1, Warih Hardanu4, Masahito Hirota5,
Ian Perry6 and Tetsuo Yanagi7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), INDONESIA. E-mail: suhendarsachoemar@yahoo.com
Maine System University, Orono, USA
Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FREA), JAPAN
National Center for Brackishwater Aquaculture, Karawang
Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, Canada
International EMECS Center, JAPANAs the largest archipelago in the world, Indonesia has coastline reaches 95.181 km with sea area of 5.4 million
km2. Indonesia has also 1.2 million hectares (ha) of brackish water pond area and 4.5 million ha of marine culturearea. Among them, it is only 37.5% and 2 % used for aquaculture activities, respectively. The low utilization ofbrackish water pond and marine culture area are generally caused by the environmental degradation due to theexcessive exploitation by intensive aquaculture activities during the period of 1980s and mismanagement of thecoastal resources. By applying the Sustainable Integrated Multi Tropic Aquaculture (IMTA) Sato Umi model on
the bases of bio-recycle system, the waste that arises from aquaculture can be reduced, as the result productivityof the brackish water pond can be improved optimally. An experiment of the IMTA in the brackish water pond
as a close system model (CSIMTA) has shown a good performance on the production of multi species fisheriescommodities as well as water quality stability. On the onshore area, developing of open system model of IMTA(OSIMTA) by combining seaweed culture and floating cage of multi species fisheries commodities seem also
has a good prospective to improve productivity of coastal area. The application of Sato Umi concept is being
expanded to the west (Sabang) and eastern coastal area of Indonesia (Raja Ampat) from the first experiment areain the northern coastal area of Karawang, West Java.
Keywords: Sustainable IMTA Model, Sato Umi, Coastal Area Indonesia

November 2, 10:00 (HD-P-13829) CANCELLED

Evaluating the ecosystem services of Rudong coastal wetland using a rapid assessment
approach
Wei Liu, Fangyuan Qu, Zhaohui Zhang
The First Institute of Oceanography of SOA, Qingdao, P.R. China. E-mail: zhang@fio.org.cn

Wetlands make important and diverse benefits to human beings around the world. However, recognition of thesecontributions is often lacking in decision-making and sustainable policy. Evaluation of ecosystem services of
wetlands can effectively inform decision-making in ways that support the transformation of how development isplanned and acted upon towards sustainable solutions, depending on certain features of the valuation exercise.
Despite a plenty of available assessment techniques, very few approaches are rapid, applicable across different
wetland types or consider the realities of time and money resource constraints. We used a Rapid Assessment of
Wetland Ecosystem Services approach to evaluate the ecosystem services of Rudong wetland in China. Thismethod is based on a variety of field indicators in order to assess the positive or negative contribution over
30 wetland ecosystem services provided at local, region or global scales. Outputs are simplified, signaling todecision-makers the diversity of interlinked ecosystem service outcomes consequent from management policies
and actions.

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November 2, 10:40 (HD-P-13575)

Successes and failures of regulatory requirements to rebuild depleted stocks in U.S.
fisheries
Keith R. Criddle
University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: keith.criddle@alaska.edu

Under the 1996 and 2006 reauthorizations of the MSA, RFMCs have been required to assess the status of each
FMP stock and to develop rebuilding plans for each stock that is “overfished”. Initially, the number of “overfished”
stocks increased as more extensive assessments determined stock status. The number of overfished stocks began
to decline as overfishing was ended and rebuilding plans came into force. Yet, a number of “overfished” stocks
have not recovered under stock rebuilding plans even where those plans called for cessation of all fishing.

November 2, 11:00 (HD-P-13576)

Attenuating durable use rights to public resources
Keith R. Criddle1 and Arthur R. Wardle2
1
2

University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, USA. E-mail: keith.criddle@alaska.edu
Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA. E-mail: arthur.wardle@growthopportunity.org

Federal and state governments issue permits—conditional use rights—for commercial and recreational exploitationof extractive and amenity services of natural resources. Examples include fishing permits and quotas, grazing
rights, logging permits, mineral rights, water rights, guiding permits and other visitor service concessions, andrecreation permits (fishing, hunting, camping, hiking, rafting, etc.). Legislation that authorizes the issuance of
these use permits typically stipulates that permit holders not be entitled to compensation when those use rights are“taken”—attenuated, not renewed, or extinguished—even where those use rights have been issued for a long oreven indefinite term. However, government-issued licenses, permits, intellectual property, and benefit programs
are increasingly accorded legal protections historically reserved for real property. Thus, state and federal resource
agencies often facilitate mechanisms that provide public or private compensation for substantive diminutions ofdurable use rights to natural resources. However, informal recognition of comprehensive property rights invites
rent-seeking and litigation costs that diminish net social benefits. These costs could be avoided through issuing
permits vested rights.

November 2, 11:20 (HD-P-13769)

Developments, challenges and policy recommendations for marine fishery resources in
China
Yang Han
Development Research Center of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China. E-mail: Hany@drc.gov.cn

Over the past 60 years China’s fishery industry has made brilliant achievements, and the output of fish productionis the largest in the world. However, with the enhancement of the development ability of marine fishery resources,
the total amount of marine fishery resources has gradually increased year by year. Under the condition of the limited
reproduction and regeneration capacity of marine fishery resources, the marine fishery resource is declined rapidly
and ecological environment along the coast of China sea is deteriorated. How to develop scientifically and use
rationally marine fishery resources to promote the sustainable development of marine fisheries? It is urgent tosolve problems and adopt more targeted policies. This paper analyses the remarkable characteristics, effects andreasons of the exploitation and utilization of marine fishery resources in China since 1949. On this basis, We put
forward the following policy recommendations: the property rights system of marine fishery resources should
put into practice as soon as possible. First, on the basis of the system of total Allowable catch, the system offishing quota rights for major fishery resources should be established. Second, the traditional marine fishermen
and commercial fisheries should be empowered differential rights for resources development; third, according to104

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the development of marine fisheries resources, natural conditions, ecological characteristics, the different offshore
and coastal areas should be taken differential measures for governance; fourth, to strengthen assessment andstatistical monitor of the resources, which will be good support for the implantation of source property system.

November 2, 11:40 (HD-P-13493)

Bioeconomic consequences of stow net selectivity in Haizhou bay, China
Peng Sun1, Runlong Sun1, Xiaozi Liu2, Yanli Tang1, Liuyi Huang1, Yongjun Tian1
12

College of Fisheries, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. E-mail: sunpeng@ouc.edu.cn
University of Vigo, Spain, E-mail: xliu@uvigo.es

Stow net is a major fishing gear using in nearshore fisheries, over 18% catch composition are captured by stow net
in Haizhou bay. Fish body size is a key factor to affect the value of landing catch and fishermen’s economic yield.
Optimal mesh size of fishing gears can provide the maximal economic value and improve sustainable utilizationof fisheries resources. Here we designed an experiment to evaluate that which mesh size of stow net is optimal
to nearshore fisheries. We compared different mesh size in terms of catch composition, value per unit effort andbody length across species based on experimental data. We found that the catch in no size-selective fishing was
significantly smaller by individual value, total length and weight than those in size-selective fishing. But thecatch and value per unit effort in no size-selective fishing were larger than those in size-selective fishing. Thesefindings show that large mesh size cannot get maximal economic yield, and size-selective fishing impacts of fish
individual body size and price. Our results have important implications for sustainable utilization of nearshore
fisheries resources. Furthermore, more attention requires to pay on landing catch individual value and stow net
fisheries management.

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Marine Environmental Quality Committee Paper Session
October 30, 16:20 (MEQ-P-13299)

Retrospect and prospect of status of coastal eutrophication in China Seas
Baodong Wang, Ming Xin, Qinsheng Wei
The First Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Qingdao, China. E-mail: wangbd@fio.org.cn

Along with China’s rapid economic and social development, anthropogenic emissions accelerated the external
inputs of nutrients to coastal waters, which in turn, resulted in severe coastal eutrophication in the China Seas.
The evolution processes of coastal eutrophication in the China Seas are analysed and summarized after 40 yearsof reform and opening up. Results showed that the riverine concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus haveincreased rapidly while dissolved silicate decreased in the main large rivers since the end of the 1970s. As responses
to elevated nutrient levels and changed compositions, phytoplankton biomass increased significantly and the
proportion of flagellates increased in species composition in coastal water of the China Seas. The frequency
and affected area of harmful algal blooms increased rapidly, and other symptoms of coastal eutrophication also
worsened such as coastal hypoxia, loss of benthons, and problems of macroalgae.
Analysis demonstrated that the evolution of coastal eutrophication was closely related to China’s GDP scale or
growth rate, developmental pattern, and environmental policies etc. The status of coastal eutrophication was not
so serious but it worsened rapidly from the end of the 1980s to the beginning of 21st century because of high speedof growth rate as well as the resource consuming developmental pattern. The worsening trend has been curbed in
the recent decade but the status of coastal eutrophication has not been improved essentially, and it is still a long
way to go for the control and renovation of coastal eutrophication in the China Seas.

October 30, 16:35 (MEQ-P-13571)

Spatial variability of the main contaminations in seawater environment in Xiamen Bay
Qingsheng Li, Cui Wang, Jinlong Jiang and Jinkeng Wang
Third Institute of Oceangraphy, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China. E-mail: qsli@tio.org.cn

Based on the investigation about water quality of coastal waters in Xiamen Bay during 2010, cluster analysis andprincipal component analysis were carried out to investigate the spatial distribution and source of coastal waterpollution, and pollution control measures were also proposed. The results are as follows: (1) The sampling sites
were classified into two clusters, the low and high polluted. Nutrients of first cluster were higher than the other,while suspended solids was on the contrary; (2) 87.34% and 90.14% of the total variance can be explained for firstand second cluster respectively based on PCA. The two clusters can extract three and two principal components(PCs) respectively; (3) First PC of the first cluster come mainly from the river input and agricultural wastewater,
the second one come from livestock and poultry, and the 3rd one was derived from organic pollutant of domestic
sewage. The two PCs of second cluster mainly come from industrial wastewater, sewage and agricultural wastewater
emissions; (4) The focus of water pollution control in Xiamen Bay was how to control land-based pollution, tostrengthen the management of land-based sewage outfall, and the watershed comprehensive management, andreducing human interference on the ecosystem of the river and sea was also important.

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October 30, 16:50 (MEQ-P-13599)

Persistent organic pollutants in bottom and pelagic fish from the Sea of Okhotsk
Olga N. Lukyanova1, 2, Vasiliy Yu. Tsygankov2 and Margarita D. Boyarova2
1
2

Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: olgaluk@gmail.com
Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia

Organochlorine pesticides (OCP) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are the most dangerous among persistentorganic pollutants (POPs) in terms of widely distribution and impact on biota. The final links in the POPs
accumulation are often marine ecosystems. Fish are able to accumulate POPs in their organs POPs and may be
used as indicators of the environment conditions. Monitoring of POPs using bottom (flounder) and pelagic (Pacificsalmon) fish of the Sea of Okhotsk was carried out in 2017. Flounders were caught near south-western Kamchatka
and offshore Kuril Islands, salmon – in the south part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Pesticides and PCBs concentrations
in fish muscle were determined by GCMS and GC. Total pesticide concentration in flounders ranged from 11 to
430 ng/g lipid, PCB – from 23 to 280 ng/g lipid. beta-HCH, DDD and DDE were dominated compounds. 101, 118
and 153 congeners prevailed among PCB. OCP concentration in pink and chum ranged from 61 to 715 and from56 to 4223 ng/g lipid, respectively. OCP concentration in chum was significantly higher than in pink (p ≤ 0.05).
Bottom fish reflect local pollution, while pelagic fish indicate the widespread distribution of toxic substances. It
can be assumed that the main sources of pesticide input to the Sea of Okhotsk are atmospheric transport and ocean
currents. The Russian Science Foundation (agreement No. 18-14-00120) supported this work.

October 30, 17:05 (MEQ-P-13568)

Fate of floating debris released from Major rivers around Korea
Seongbong Seo1, 2 and Young-Gyu Park1, 2
1

2

Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea.
E-mail: ypark@kiost.ac.kr
Department of Integrated Ocean sciences, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.

Using a Lagrangian particle tracking model, the trajectories of floating debris that are originated from sevenmajor rivers around Korea peninsula (five rivers in Korea: the Han, Keum, Youngsan, Seomjin, and Nakdong
Rivers; two rivers in China: the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers) are investigated. Daily ocean current data of HYCOM
analysis and wind data of ECMWF reanalysis were used in the particle model. We assumed that the amount of
the debris released from each river is linearly proportional to the population over catchment area of the river.
Particles are released daily from each river for six years. There is no convergent zone in waters around Korea. The
main part of particles land on the coast near the originating river. For particle traveling long distances, the finaldestination is governed by ocean currents, of course. Although the main portion of the particles from the Chinese
rivers lands on the Chines coast, the number of particles overwhelms those from the Korean ones and the Chines
Rivers especially Yangtze could have a large impact on Korea peninsula and Japan.

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October 30, 17:20 (MEQ-P-13765) (CANCELLED)

A preliminary study of the Yangtze River terrigenous inputs change and response of theestuary ecological environment
Cui Liang1 and Weiwei Xian1,2
1

2

CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Qingdao 266071, China. E-mail: cui-liang@hotmail.com
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,
Qingdao 266237, China

Terrigenous inputs played an important role in the Yangtze Estuary and the East China Sea ecosystems. In recent
years, however, human activities, particularly dam construction, produced tremendous impacts on the Yangtze
River inputs into the estuary, thus induced environmental changes in the estuary ecosystem. Since 1950, annual
runoff of the Yangtze River has kept equilibrium, while the difference between flood and dry seasons shrunk. The
sediment load significantly reduced, which was attributed to dam construction in the Yangtze River basin, and theconstruction of the Three Gorges Project (TGP) was the main reason for sediment load reduction in recent years.
River runoff and estuary surface salinity were negatively related. During years with similar annual runoff, thesalinity contours moved towards east in May after the TGP construction, while towards west in November. The
content of suspended particulate matter after the TGP construction experienced substantial reduction, meanwhile,
its high-value region moved towards southwest, indicating that sediment load from the Hangzhou Bay became
dominant. The behavior of silicate and nitrate in the estuary were conservative, while phosphate was also affectedby the particulate matter. In spring, nutrients were negatively related to runoff in high chlorophyll a region, while
were positively related in other areas. The relationship between nutrients and sediment showed the opposite
distribution pattern. In autumn, phytoplankton growth became weakened, and nutrients were positively related torunoff, while were negatively related to sediment.

October 30, 17:35 (MEQ-P-13271) CANCELLED

Analysis of water quality change characteristics in Fujian Bay based on time-space matrix
methodQiulu Wang, Manchun Chen and Jian Zhang
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, China. E-mail: 87675694@qq.com

Based on the water environment monitoring data in 2005-2011, August and in 2012-2015, May, August, principal
component analysis result of water quality index was applied to divide into the environmental units in the Gulf
of Fujian, then characteristics of Fujian bay water quality was analyzed by the time-space matrix method. The
results show that, (1) through principal component analysis, four water quality indexes were clustered into 2
types of components, phosphate and chlorophyll-a was clustered into one principal component, and nitrate anddissolved oxygen was clustered into another principal component; (2) the weight value as the coordinates, thesurface water of Fujian was divided into six environment units, and the time series matrix of relative content ofwater quality index was established in order to analyze water quality condition on Fujian bay; (3) the time-space
matrix of water quality index showed the certain cycle trend, index changing pattern of adjacent environment unit
was synchronous, the absolute value of index change content increased slightly from chlorophyll-a to nutrient salt
to dissolved oxygen. (4) Two principal component has a certain correlation, nutrition level influenced nutrientphytoplankton dynamics, when the phosphate content was higher than 0.03mg/L the nitrate content was higher
than 0.25mg/L and the nutrient cycle time changed significantly ,a linkage effect on the comparative changes ofnutrient and chlorophyll-a (5) the water productivity of Fujian Gulf was low in summer, at the same time, a large
amount of organic matter was input and degraded, the content of dissolved oxygen in surface layer decreased
obviously; (6) the water environmental condition in Fujian Gulf was influenced by two different kinds of water
bodies one is the river runoff that was rich in high nutrient, which affect the environmental units of the estuaries
and adjacent sea areas; Fujian southern gulf was mainly affected by the Taiwan warm current and upwelling,which was an important source of phosphate in the East China Sea.
Key words: Time-space matrix method, Environmental unit, Principal component analysis, Fujian Bay, water
quality index, characteristic analysis.

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November 1, 14:00 (MEQ-P-13275)

The Plankton Index: A regional pelagic biodiversity indicator for ecosystem-based
management
Abigail McQuatters-Gollop1, Angus Atkinson2, Jacob Bedford1, Mike Best3, Eileen Bresnan4, Kathryn Cook4,
Michelle Devlin5, Richard Gowen6, David G. Johns7, Clare Ostle7, Cordula Scherer8 and Paul Tett6
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Plankton and Policy Research Group, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK. E-mail: Abigail.mcquatters-gollop@plymouth.ac.uk
Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK
Environment Agency, Peterborough, UK
Marine Scotland Science, Aberdeen, UK
Cefas, Lowestoft, UK
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, UK
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Plymouth, UK
Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland

Ecological time-series data are essential for informing management and policy, particularly in supporting the newgeneration of marine legislative drivers, which take a holistic ecosystem approach to management. From a pelagic
habitats perspective, such management approaches must recognise the importance of plankton communities inmarine ecosystems; ecological data at the appropriate spatial, temporal and taxonomic scales are therefore required
for successful policy implementation. At the base of the marine food web, plankton time-series play an importantrole in the informing of biodiversity indicators, the setting of targets against a background of climate change
and the provision of supporting information used to interpret change in non-plankton indicators. The Plankton
Index, a trait-based indicator of change in plankton functional groups, allows the use of plankton data frommultiple monitoring surveys with disparate methods of sample collection and plankton identification. Changes
in the PI reflect multiple stressors on pelagic communities across spatial and temporal scales, such as naturalvariability, temperature increases, and changes in nutrient concentrations. The first regional policy applicationof this indicator in Northeast Atlantic waters revealed that plankton communities underwent broad spatiallyconsistent, but significant, changes in plankton functional groups during the past decade. These results directly
informed national and regional management efforts towards ecosystem-based management through an integrated
assessment for the Northeast Atlantic. Assessing pelagic biodiversity change using a common indicator at thisscale for the first time is a significant step towards quantitatively evaluating the environmental status of regional
marine ecosystems.

November 1, 14:15 (MEQ-P-13805)

Are zooplankton ingesting microplastics in the Arctic?
Lauren M. Howell1,2, Marie Nöel2, Leah Bendell1 and Peter S. Ross2
1
2

Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada. E-mail: lhowell@sfu.ca
Ocean Wise, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Microplastics (<5 mm) are increasingly recognized as an emerging contaminant in the world’s oceans; foundfrom surface to seabed in the form of fragments, fibres, or granules. Evidence for unintentional ingestion of
microplastics exists for a variety of organisms including: zooplankton, bivalves, and fishes, raising concern about
potential effects in marine food webs. While a few studies have reported microplastics in the remote Arctic,
data are nonexistent on the ingestion of microplastics and associated biological effects in natural populationsof calanoid copepods in the Arctic. In the summer of 2017, zooplankton samples were collected at 56 stations
spanning the Northeast Pacific and Arctic Oceans. To isolate microplastics, zooplankton samples (0.5 g WW) weredigested according to a newly developed method using Corolase and KOH (10%), and filtered through a 20 µm
polycarbonate filter. Using light microscopy, microplastics were quantified and characterized, for the first time, inmarine copepods of the genera Calanus and Neocalanus. Polymer identity was determined for each microplastic
particle or fibre isolated using state of the art Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). Using RNA:DNA
ratio as a biochemical index of growth and condition, zooplankton health is being assessed and examined inrelation to microplastics ingestion. These results will shed light on microplastic contamination at the base of the
Arctic food chain, two genera that are key for Arctic ecosystems.

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November 1, 14:30 (MEQ-P-13325)

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) may trigger and accelerate hypoxia zone formation at thePearl River Estuary
Pengbin Wang1, Douding Lu1, Leo Lai Chan2, Xinfeng Dai1 and Jiajun Wu2
1

2

Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, The Second Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration(SOA), Hangzhou, China. E-mail: algae@sio.org.cn
State Key Laboratory in Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China

Observations of harmful algal blooms (HABs) are increasing around the world’s coastal ocean, with a growing
number of reports indicating anthropogenic influences. These phenomena are caused by blooms of microscopic
algae. Excessive microalgae growth in response to nutrient increases and/or shifts in nutrient ratios can resultin a HABs of a single or several species that has negative ecosystem impacts. As HABs occur and result in
the depletion of oxygen (hypoxia) in the water, fishery disasters were reported by many countries. To study
the relationship of HABs and hypoxia, we conducted a study on 34 sites via cruise at the Pearl River Estuaryfrom July 10-21, 2017. The temperature and salinity of surface water ranged from 27.9-30.8℃ and 5.4-33.9psu,
respectively. The dissolved oxygen (DO) of surface water was from 6.1 to 11.7, while the DO of bottom water
was lowest reach to 1.3 and the highest DO were just 7.4, an obvious hypoxia and low oxygen zone were detected.
At the same time a wide range of phytoplankton bloom in surface water were observed over 10 study sites
over 5000cells/ml and with maximum 45560 cells/ml at site F201. After the principal component analysis, there
showed a positive correlation between phytoplankton abundance of surface water and DO of surface water, anda negative correlation were shown between phytoplankton abundance of surface water and DO at bottom layer.
Further, with the analysis of Next Generation Sequencing on bacteria composition of sediment, we have detected
several typical bacteria may related HABs and hypoxia, such as family Saprospiraceae and class Clostridia, whichgive some evidence on HABs and its coupled benthic microbial community may trigger and accelerate hypoxia
zone formation at the Pearl River Estuary.

November 1, 14:45 (MEQ-P-13677)

Characterization of oceanic Noctiluca blooms not associated with hypoxia in the
Northeastern Arabian Sea
Vera L. Trainer, Aneesh Lotliker, S.K. Baliarsingh, Mark Wells, Cara Wilson
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E, WA, 98112, U.S.A. E-mail: Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov

Intense blooms of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate, green Noctiluca scintillans, have been reported annually in
the Northern Arabian Sea since the early 2000s. Although not known to produce organic toxins, these blooms arestill categorized as a harmful due to their association with massive fish mortalities. Recent work has attributed
these blooms to the vertical expansion of the oxygen minimum zone, driven by cultural eutrophication from major
coastal cities in western India. As diatoms are preferred prey of green Noctiluca scintillans, more frequent bloomsof this mixotroph will likely impact the productivity of important fisheries in the region. The present study uses
a satellite algorithm to determine the distribution of both diatom and green Noctiluca blooms in the Northeastern
Arabian Sea from 2009 to 2016. The results from shipboard microscopy of phytoplankton community composition
were used to validate the satellite estimates. The satellite algorithm showed 76% accuracy for detection of green
Noctiluca and 92% for diatoms. Shipboard measurements and data from biogeochemical-Argo floats were used toassess the relationship between oxygen concentrations and green Noctiluca blooms in the Northeastern ArabianSea. Regardless of the presence of a Noctiluca bloom, the dissolved oxygen in the photic zone was always >70%
saturated, with an average oxygen saturation >90%. The variability in the relative abundance of diatoms and green
Noctiluca is not correlated with changes in oxygen concentration. These findings provide no evidence that cultural
eutrophication has contributed to the decadal scale shifts in plankton composition in the Northeastern Arabian Sea
oceanic waters. Conversely, the climatic warming of surface waters would have intensified stratification, thereby
reducing net nutrient flux to the photic zone and decreasing silicate to nitrate ratios (Si:N); both factors that could
increase the competitive advantage of the mixotroph, green Noctiluca, over diatoms. If so, the decadal-scale
trajectory of phytoplankton community composition in the Northeastern Arabian Sea may be a harbinger of futureclimate-driven change in other productive oceanic systems.

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November 1, 15:00 (MEQ-P-13283)

2017 Red Tide in China
Hao Guo, Dongmei Li, Yubo Liang and Chunjiang Guan
National marine environmental monitoring Center, Dalian, China. E-mail: hguo@nmemc.org.cn

About 68 events of marine red tides with an affected area of 3,680 km2 were witnessed along Chinese coastline.
The events of red tides were the same as in the previous year but the cumulative occurrence area decreased by 51%
compared with that in 2016. The highest frequency was 40 times, with the largest cumulative area of 2,189 km2
occurred in the East China Sea. High incidences of red tide mainly occurred in June. Red tides were caused by atotal of 34 species. Among them, Karenia mikimotoi was the first dominant species, which caused the outbreak ofas many as 12 red tides. In June, the red tide caused by Gymnodinium catenatum occurred in the coastal watersof southern Fujian Province, and PSP was detected in mussels and oysters. The occurrence area of green tides,
Enteromorpha prolifera, has been the smallest in the past five years.

November 1, 15:15 (MEQ-P-13357)

Increase in anthropogenic nitrogen and mercury in marginal sea sediments of theNorthwest Pacific Ocean
Haryun Kim1, Kitack Lee2, Dhong-Il Lim3, Seung-Il Nam4, Seunghee Han5, Tae-Wook Kim6, Kyung-Hoon Shin7,
Young Ho Ko2, Jihun Kim3, Jin-Yu T. Yang2, Yanxu Zhang8
1

2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Fundamental Research Division, National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Janghang, 33662, Korea.
E-mail: kharyun@mabik.re.kr
Division of Environmental Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea
South Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Geoje, Korea
Division of Polar Paleoenvironment, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, Korea
Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
Department of Marine Sciences and Convergent Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan, Korea
School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China

Marginal seas adjacent to northeast Asian countries are under the increasing influence of anthropogenic nitrogen(NANTH) and mercury (HgANTH) resulting from fossil fuel combustion and fertilizer use. Sediments of the East China
and the Yellow seas sampled adjacent to continental China were found to have a lower δ15N ratio (5.0 ~5.4‰)
concomitant with a higher level of HgANTH flux (8.1 µg m–2 yr–1), a clear signature of the presence of NANTH and
HgANTH from China. In contrast, the western Arctic sediments, the sampling zone furthest from China, showed ahigher δ15N value (8‰) and a lower HgANTH flux (0.9 µg m–2 yr–1); closer to those of natural background. Acrossthe sites sampled, the levels of sediment δ15N ratios increased and HgANTH flux decreased with increasing distancefrom the source continent. These results show that the effect of NANTH and HgANTH has extended beyond the ocean
water column into the deep sedimentary environment, presumably via the biological assimilation of NANTH andthe formation of organic-mercury complexes followed by deposition. Further, the findings indicate that NANTH istaking over from the conventional paradigm of nitrate flux from nitrate-rich deep water as the primary driver ofbiological export production and the input of HgANTH may be impacting organisms in the water column as well as
those in sedimentary environments in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.

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November 1, 15:30 (MEQ-P-13516)

Fukushima-derived 137Cs and 134Cs in the Northwest Pacific Ocean in 2017
Wu Men, Jianhua He, Wen Yu, Fenfen Wang, Feng Lin, Fangfang Deng, Jing Lin, Tao Yu
Laboratory of Marine Isotopic Technology and Environmental Risk Assessment, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic
Administration,184 Daxue Road, Xiamen 361005, China. E-mail: menwu@tio.org.cn

Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident (FDNNPA) aroused a worldwide anxiety and concern. To
understand the transport of the radioactive contaminants released from FDNNPA in the northwest Pacific, 2monitoring cruises were performed per year by the State Oceanic Administration of China from 2011. In 2017,
more than 80 stations and 12 nekton samples in the Northwest Pacific Ocean were monitored. Here we report thecorresponding results.
The monitoring result of seawater samples showed that the activity concentrations of 137Cs and 134Cs in the
Northwest Pacific Ocean were ND- 4.80 Bq/m3 and ND-0.95 Bq/m3 by the September of 2017. Compared to 2011,
the activity level of 137Cs and 134Cs has decreased largely. However, it was a little higher than that of 2016. 134Cs
could be detected in 11.7% of the seawater sample even after more than 3 half-lives passed. 137Cs activity level in
50% of the seawater were 1.5~3 times higher than that before FDNNPA. Fukushima derived 137Cs were mainly
concentrated in the depth between100m and 500 with the estimated inventory of 1×1015 Bq in the monitoring area.
As for the nekton samples, what we analyzed were squids. The result showed that 134Cs was undetectable and 137Cs
ranged from 0.014 Bq/kgfresh weight to 0.16 Bq/kgfresh weight with the average of 0.035 Bq/m3, which suggested that the137
Cs and 134Cs activity levels had decreased to the level before FDNPPA.

November 1, 15:45 (MEQ-P-13461)

Marine Environmental monitoring with GF satellite data
Bin Zou, Lijian Shi and Qimao Wang
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District, 100081, China, PR. E-mail: shilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn

GaoFen is the Chinese civilian remote sensing satellites series of high resolution. This paper presents some typicalapplications on marine environmental monitoring with high resolution and wide swath satellite data, especial
on the marine disaster monitoring such as oil spill, sea ice, and red tide. With these data, we can get the detailed
information about different disaster.
Key words: GF satellite, marine disaster, monitoring

November 1, 16:20 (MEQ-P-13353)

Technology of assessing marine fishery losses caused by oil spills in China
Zhengguo Cui1,2, Keming Qu1,2 and Bijuan Chen1,2
1

2

Key Laboratory of Fishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy ofFishery Sciences. E-mail: cuizg@ysfri.ac.cn
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology (Qingdao)

According to statistics, the worldwide offshore oil spills occurred in the amount of more than 5000 tons of largescale accidents nearly 200 each year, most of which from shipping accidents, accounting for more than 70%. Oil
spills occupies 0.5% of global oil production. Marine oil spill accidents not only result in huge economic losses for
ecological environments and tourism, but also serious damages of fisheries and aquaculture. 9 calculating methods
including “direct calculation method”, “comparison method”, “fixed sampling station capture method”, “expert
evaluation method”, “fish eggs -larvae evaluation method”, “statistical estimation method”, “investigationstatistics method”, “production method” and “production statistics method” on the economic fishery losses causedby the oil spills in China were introduced. Also, how to choose appropriate methods according to polluted waters,
polluted marine organism, degree of contamination, historical survey data and monitoring data, and some casestudies were addressed.
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November 1, 16:35 (MEQ-P-13321)

Impact of Water-Sediment Regulation Scheme on seasonal and spatial variations ofbiogeochemical factors in the Yellow River Estuary
Yujue Wang1, Dongyan Liu2, Kenneth Lee3, Zhijun Dong1, Baoping Di1, Yueqi Wang1and Jingjing Zhang1
1
2
3

Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China. E-mail: yjwang@yic.ac.cn
East China Normal University, Shanghai, P. R. China;
Australian Resources Research Centre, Kensington, WA, 6151, Australia

Seasonal and spatial distributions of nutrients and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a), together with temperature, salinity andtotal suspended matter (TSM), were investigated in the Yellow River estuary to examine the biogeochemical
influence of the “Water and Sediment Regulation Scheme (WSRS)” that is used to manage outflows from theriver. The results showed that nutrient species could be divided into two major groups. One group included NO3-,
dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and Si(OH)4, primarily from freshwater discharge. The other group included
dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP), dissolved organic phosphorus (DOP), NO2-, and NH4+. The WSRS not
only shifted the seasonal patterns of nutrients in the estuary, with high concentrations moved from autumn to June
and July, but also promoted the nutrient spread to the south central part of the Bohai Sea. Spatial distribution of
Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) was influenced by the WSRS, with high concentrations being found in the river mouth inJune and September, flanking the river mouth in July, and in the south central part of the Bohai Sea in September.
Although Chl-a concentrations increased in June and July, the seasonal patterns did not change. The highest
concentrations were found in September. Nutrient loadings during the WSRS relieved DIP and Si(OH)4 limitation,
causing an excess of DIN and disrupting the balance of DIN/DIP in the estuary and Bohai Sea. The WSRS was
also shown to have changed the topography of the estuary, as evident by the presence of a newly formed delta
observed in August 2013.

November 1, 16:50 (MEQ-P-13797)

An assessment of the marine eco-civilization performance in Oujiang River Estuary Area,
Zhejiang, China
Ying Lin1 Huawei Zhang2 Guanqiong Ye1 Jingang Jiang112

Ocean College Zhejiang University Zhoushan China. E-mail gqy@zju.edu.cn
Zhejiang Institute of marine aquaculture Wenzhou China

An estuary area usually experiences the most intensive anthropogenic influence of the coastal areas due to its
geographical and physical attributes. It takes an important part of the “marine eco-civilization construction” in
China. it is thus necessary to assess the performance of marine eco-civilization in the estuaries. There are howeververy few methodologies or cases studies related to marine eco-civilization assessment. Taking the Oujiang River
Estuary area as a research area, this study aims to formulate an index system and an evaluation model for assessing
the performance of marine eco-civilization in the estuary areas. The index system consists of six angles including
coastal community, economy, resources, ecology, culture and governance based on the requirements of “marine
eco-civilization construction” as well as the attributes of the estuary area. The evaluation model is developed
based on the 3-D space state model. The preliminary results of the case study shows that the overall performanceof marine eco-civilization construction in Oujiang River Estuary was getting better, but the development of
six angles were not balanced. The local government could focus on the development of marine culture and therestoration of marine ecological environment in the future.

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November 1, 17:05 (MEQ-P-13418) CANCELLED

The potential of alkyl amides as novel biomarkers and their application to paleoculturaldeposits in China
Jianjun Wang1, Bernd R.T. Simoneit2, Guoying Sheng3 Liqi Chen1 and Liguang Sun2
1

2
3
4

Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic
Administration, Xiamen 361005, Fujian, China. E-mail: wangjianjun@tio.org.cn
Institute of Polar Environment, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, China
Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China

A series of alkyl amides was detected and identified in the sedimentary record from an archaeological site at
Yuchisi, Mengcheng, Anhui, China. The alkyl amides profiles change abruptly at the depth corresponding to thetransition between two prehistoric cultures, which also corresponds to an abrupt change in the fatty acid ratio C18:2/
C18:0. The different patterns of variation of the longer and shorter chain alkyl amides at the depth of the culturaltransition may reflect differences in their response to external environmental changes, as well as different sources.
This is the first study of the stratigraphic variation of alkyl amides in sediments, and their first application to assess
paleoenvironmental changes. We suggest that alkyl amides may have potential as new biomarkers in archeologicaland paleoenvironmental studies.

November 1, 17:20 (MEQ-P-13424)

Long-term temporal and spatial variation of macrobenthos in a semi-enclosed bay underhuman disturbanceYa-fang Li1,2, Jia-jia Ning1,2, Liang-gen Wang1,2, Lei Xu1,2 and Fei-yan Du1,2
12South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
E-mail: xiaofang-1113@163.com
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, China

Macrobenthos play an important role in marine ecosystem dynamics. The long-term dynamics of macrobenhos
could help us to gain an insight into the functioning of bay ecosystems, which is essential for implementation of
integrated bay management. Daya bay is a semi-enclosed bay, located in the northern South China Sea. During
the recent decades, industrial and urban developments, resulted in anthropogenic activities increased in Daya
Bay. However, few studies were conducted to analyze the long-term variation of macrobenthos in this area.
Environmental factors and macrobenthos were collected during wet season from1988 to 2015. Results indicated a
substantial change of communities. Large-sized molluscs species and Echinoidea species were dominated in 19882004, then small-sized bivalve species-Timoclea scabra and polychaeta species increased and became dominatedafter 2004. Non-parametric analysis indicated that significantly differenated (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.05) at themeasures of the number of species (S), Shannon diversity (H’ log2), Variations in taxonomic distinctness (Ʌ+)
and abundance between years. However, there was no significant difference in Pielou’s evenness (J’) and Averagetaxonomic distinctness (Δ+) temporally. Lower H’ and Δ+ were calculated from inner bay and the surrounding areaof the nuclear power plant. Spearman correlation analysis showed that S, abundance, H’ and Ʌ+ were negatively
related with the temperature and the content of silicates (SiO3-Si) in the bottom water and J’ was positively
related with the salinity. We concluded that the natural factors and anthropogenic impacts at spatiotemporal scales,
influenced the characteristics of the macrobenthos.

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November 1, 17:35 (MEQ-P-12735) CANCELLED

Development of physicochemical and spectroscopic methods to characterize the insitu chemical speciation of the inorganic contaminants and innovative technologies for
remediation of water and environmental pollution by catalytic oxidants
Virendra Goswami
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)& Environment & Peace Foundation, Noida, India. E-mail: vk_goswami1@rediffmail.com

In the present investigations the efforts are focused to develop physicochemical and spectroscopic methods
to characterize the in-situ chemical speciation of the inorganic contaminants and develop technologies for
remediation of water & environmental pollution by catalytic oxidants. Also, to discuss strategies to save marine
life through the control of Water & Environmental pollution resulting due to toxin, toxic gases, GHG (Green
House Gases), by making use of Catalytic oxides of first row transition metal oxides. Next, to control Global
Warming and save marine life (Under Water) by inhibiting the and remediation of Water treatment process bymaking use of catalytic oxidants.
The oxidation process would be employed to treat Groundwater contaminants by making use of the chemical
oxidants viz. hydrogen peroxide, persulfate, permanganate & ozone. These oxidants have been able to cause therapid and complete chemical destruction of many toxic organic chemicals; other organics are amenable to partial
degradation as an aid to subsequent bioremediation. Its presumed that catalytic oxides of first row transition metaloxides e.g. Cobalt oxide should optimize the process of subsurface remediation and above-ground water treatment
systems depending on a variety of site-specific conditions e.g. reaction rate kinetics.
Also, to correlate Physico-chemical properties of these catalytic oxidants involving chemical oxidation be appliedin subsurface systems and in above ground water treatment systems involving chemical oxidation regeneration of
granular activated carbon (GAC).
Water gets polluted due to toxin & toxic gases. There are generally four types of toxic entities; chemical, biological,
physical and radiation In order to control marine environmental pollution, subsurface systems and in above groundwater treatment systems, the present investigations are focused to develop innovative methods to entrap toxins,
Chemical toxicants include inorganic substances such as, lead, mercury, hydrofluoric acid, and chlorine gas,and organic compounds such as methyl alcohol, by developing High Affinity Toxin Receptors (HART) & convert
GHG (Methane, CO2,) to ethanol by catalytic processes and develop hybrid fuels like bio-ethanol and bio-diesel
and go for electricity from biomass.
Next, to evaluate correlation of chemical oxidants with chemical species associated with soil and aquifer materials,
and with target and non-target contaminants during water treatment processes.

November 1, 17:50 (MEQ-P-13547)

Research on indicator species of bio-blogging on Nuclear Power Cold Source Water
Jinhui Wang1,2, Hong Chen2, Yafei Tang2
12

East China Sea branch, SOA, Dongtang road 630, shanghai, 200137, P.R. China. E-mail: wangjinhui@189.cn
School of mrine Science, Shanghai Ocean University, No.999, Huchenghuan Rd , Nanhui New City, Shanghai, 201306,P.R. China

Nuclear power has been vigorously developed in China for its high efficiency, safety, economy and cleanliness. The
operation of nuclear power will change the hydrodynamic power and ecological environment to a certain extent;
In recent years, many domestic and alien marine biological invasion events have affected the normal operationof the coastal nuclear power cooling system, then lead to nuclear power plant reactor shutdown, huge economic
losses and frightening security risks.Therefore, it is very important to research on the monitoring of the typicaldisaster - causing organisms and the prevention and control measures to ensure the safety of the cold source water.
This study is based on the emergency of the Ningde nuclear power plant reactor 3 unit reactor shutdown caused
by marine organisms in August 8, 2015 .The major caused organisms were identified ,the related field survey,laboratory physiological and ecological experiment were made for the disaster causing organisms,Combining thebiological factors of the disaster causing organisms and the related environmental factors to analyse the clogging
reasons. The related marine biological control methods were consulted to study the prevention and control
measures of the disaster causing organisms.
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Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee Paper Session
November 2, 09:00 (POC-P-13477)

Recent changes in producing of the Intermediate water in the Okhotsk Sea
Yury Zuenko, Alexander Figurkin and Vladimir Matveev
Pacific Fisheries Research Center, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: zuenko_yury@hotmail.com

Data of long-term observations on cold intrusions in the warm Intermediate layer of the Okhotsk Sea are overviewed.
They are formed in the process of the high-density Bottom Shelf water cascading from the northwestern shelf,
mainly at northeastern Sakhalin. These new-formed portions of the Intermediate water are traced in the cyclonic
circulation from this area to the southern Kuril Straits that takes from 2.5 to 6 years. Similar intrusions are foundin the Pacific, mainly at southern Kuril Islands, where they penetrate presumably through the Vries Strait. Volume
and density of the Bottom Shelf water depend on winter severity that could be quantitatively explained by the ice
cover; all these parameters decrease recently. Salinity of the new-formed intermediate water has similar changes.
Besides, tidal mixing influences on the salinity, so the tidal 18.6-years cycle is presented in its variations. On thecontrary, variations of the minimal temperature in the cold-water lenses of the fresh Intermediate water do notcorrelate with changes in their production because of auto-compensatory effect for temperature in the process ofcascading. The same effect is obviously applied to dissolved oxygen, that’s why the oxygen content in the upper
Intermediate layer at the area of cascading is rather stable. However, ventilation of deeper parts of the Intermediate
layer becomes weaker on the background of recent lowering of the Intermediate water production, in particularlyfor σq ≥26.8. On a distance from the area of cascading, the tendency to deoxygenizing spreads over the wholeIntermediate layer of the Okhotsk Sea.

November 2, 09:20 (POC-P-13485)

Stirring and up-lifting of deep water at the entrance straits of Sea of Okhotsk (shown bydata including flagged ‘questionable’ or ‘bad’)
Makoto Kashiwai
Fish. Ocean. Res. Studio “Oyashio-Ya”, Nagawa Town, Nagano Pref., Japan. E-mail: kashiwai@mua.biglobe.ne.jp

The reported evidence of global warming in the Sea of Okhotsk is the 50-yrs warming/increasing salinity/decreasing
DO trends in the intermediate layer, of which possible mechanism is suggested to be relative enhancement ofcontribution of Deep water in formation process of Okhotsk Sea Intermediate Water, accompanying weakeningof cooling by ventilation (Kashiwai, PICES-2016). The key processes can be up-lifting of Deep Water andstirring/mixing with Intermediate Water. At the Kuril Straits, it is well known that there are many data flaggedas ‘questionable’ or ‘bad’, because failed in checks of range (outlier), inversion, or gradient, and not used inclimatological analyses. However, the outliers, density inversions or large gradients can be the signs of strong
stirring or up-lifting, expected in the water with strong current with steep bottom topography. Thus, the occurrencesof σ0 at the depth ranks of the Kuril Straits water were examined by ODV using WOD13 bottle data, including
flagged ‘questionable’ or ‘bad’. The obtained occurrences of σ0 at depth ranks of 200m interval indicates that thewatermass boundary between Intermediate Water (σ0 = 26.4 – 27.1) and Deep Water (σ0 = 27.1 – 28.0) is steady at
the 600m depth through 4 seasons, while the boundary between Surface Water (σ0 = 23.0 – 26.4) and Intermediate
Water shows considerable seasonal changes. The Deep Water occurrence in the upper 600m is ca. 10%, whichindicates that the Deep Water is stirred and up-lifted at the Kuril Straits up to the surface. This result suggests that
rejecting abnormal data is in danger of missing important evidences, especially at the watermass formation sites.

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November 2, 09:40 (POC-P-13780)

Sub-surface temperature variability along the west coast of Canada
Charles Hannah and Stephen Page
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada E-mail: Charles.Hannah@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

An array of instrumented moorings is being implemented along the west coast of Canada from Juan de Fuca Strait
to Dixon Entrance. This array is the northward extension of the moorings that the Institute of Ocean Sciences
has maintained on the Vancouver Island shelf for the last 30 years. The first year of data, which extends north
into Queen Charlotte Sound, shows that the wind driven mixing in the fall and winter is a dominant feature of theannual cycle of sub-surface temperature on the shelf. For example, at 50 m depth the temperature maximum occurs
in late November or early December and the temperature minimum occurs sometime between January and April.
In the winter, near isothermal temperatures extend to about 100 m or 150 m and a weak salinity stratification is
maintained. These patterns will be tested against the second year of data. In addition we will explore whether 1)
satellite observation of sea surface temperature are a reasonable proxy for the observed temperatures between 15
m and 150 m in winter; and 2) can the long time series of coastal temperature observations be used as a proxy tocompute trends in winter-time bottom temperature along the BC continental shelf?

November 2, 10:00 (POC-P-12740) CANCELLED

Uncertainty of linear trend in global SST due to multi-scale internal variation
Tao Lian
Second Institute of Oceanography, Hangzhou, China. E-mail: liantao@sio.org.cn

In most parts of the global ocean, the magnitude of the long-term linear trend in sea surface temperature (SST) is
much smaller than the amplitude of multi-scale internal variation. One can thus use a specific period in a much
longer record to arbitrarily determine the sign of long-term trend, which is statistically significant, in regional SST.
This could lead to a controversial conclusion on how global SST responded to the anthropogenic forcing in the
recent history. In this study, the uncertainty in the linear trend due to multi-scale internal variation is theoreticallyinvestigated. It is found that the estimated trend will not change its sign only when its magnitude is greater thana theoretical threshold that scales the influence from the multi-scale internal variation. Otherwise, the sign ofthe estimated trend may depend on the period used. The new criterion is found to be superior over the existing
methods when the de-trended time series is dominated by the oscillatory term. This new criterion is applied to a
global SST reconstruction from 1881 to 2013. It is found that the warming trends in the western boundary regions,
the South Atlantic, and the tropical and southern-most Indian Ocean are robust. However, robust trends are notfound in the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, or the South Indian Ocean. These results indicate that great care isrequired when interpreting SST trends using the available records in certain regions and indices.

November 2, 10:40 (POC-P-13524)

Subduction and mixing processes of the front between the Oyashio and the Tsugaru
Warm Current
Daisuke Hasegawa, Takahiro Tanaka and Takeshi OkunishiTohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Shiogama, Japan. E-mail: daisukeh@affrc.go.jp

Off the southern Hokkaido to off Sanriku, in the nothwestern boundary of the Pacific Ocean, two main current
systems, the Oyashio and the Tsugaru Warm Current encounter and form a prominent oceanic front. It has beenlong known by fishermen that the fishing grounds are often formed along this front; however, the mechanismsof the fishing ground formation in the area are still unclear. In the summer of 2017, we conducted intensive fieldobservations focusing on the physical processes along the front between the Oyashio and the Tsugaru Warm
Current (O-T) by using the R/V Wakataka-maru (692t equipped with a shipboard 38 kHz ADCP, a turbulence
profiler and Underway-CTD system) and Slocum G2 Glider (equipped with a turbulence sensor, ADCP, CTD andbio-optical sensors). Both the shipboard and the glider based surveys were consisted with zigzag lines crossing
the O-T front from the merging point: off the Cape Erimo to the downstream: off Sanriku to reveal the detailed
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interactions between the two current systems at the front. From the front to the Tsugaru Warm Current side, thefresh and cold Oyashio water subducted under the warm and salty Tsugaru Warm Current water, and above thecold and salty Cold Layer water along 26.5 to 26.8 sigma-theta. The resulted vertical profiles of temperature andsalinity were favorable to the double diffusive convections, and corresponding enhanced vertical mixing of Kt ~O(10-2 m2/s) was observed around the subducted Oyashio layer.

November 2, 11:00 (POC-P-13471) CANCELLED

Structure and impact of the Kuroshio nutrient stream
Kosei Komatsu1, 2 and Yutaka Hiroe3
12
3

Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: kosei@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, Japan

Recently the Kuroshio draws attentions as an important supply route of nutrient in the western North Pacific.
However it has been unknown even whether or not nutrient concentration is enhanced along the jet on isopycnal
surfaces, as is found as the “Nutrient Stream” along the Gulf Stream. We aim to ascertain the structure of nutrient
concentration maximized along the jet in the Kuroshio and to estimate impact of nutrient transported downstream
by the Kuroshio to the Kuroshio-Oyashio interfrontal zone (KOIZ) which is highly productive and well known as
one of the major fishing grounds of the world. Recent multiple-transects and retrospective analyses of historicalhydrographic data reveal that the along-jet maximum of nitrate concentration appears only in spring on the
isopycnal surface (potential density=25-26) in the downstream region of the Kuroshio. The Kuroshio nutrient
stream contributes sufficiently to productivity in the euphotic layer on the way to the downstream in conjunction
with enhanced vertical turbulence. It also presents a non-negligible potential to impact significantly on the highproductivity in KOIZ by analyzing the budget of the epipycnal nitrate transport across transects which enclosed
KOIZ.

November 2, 11:20 (POC-P-13535)

Data assimilation of physical and chlorophyll-a observations in the California Current
System using two biogeochemical models
Jann Paul Mattern1, Hajoon Song2, Christopher A. Edwards1, Andrew M. Moore1 and Jerome Fiechter1
12

Department of Ocean Sciences, University of California, Santa Cruz, California, USA.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea. E-mail: hajsong@yonsei.ac.kr

Biogeochemical numerical models coupled to physical ocean circulation models are commonly combinedwith data assimilation in order to improve the models’ state or parameter estimates. Yet much still needs to belearned about important aspects of biogeochemical data assimilation, such as the effect of model complexity
and the importance of more realistic model formulations on assimilation results. In this study, 4D-Var-basedstate estimation is applied to two biogeochemical ocean models: a simple NPZD model with 4 biogeochemicalvariables and the more complex NEMURO model, containing 11 biogeochemical. Both models are coupled to a
3-dimensional physical ocean circulation model of the U.S. west coast based on the Regional Ocean Modelling
System (ROMS). Chlorophyll satellite observations and physical observations are assimilated into the model,
yielding substantial improvements in state estimates for the observed physical and biogeochemical variables inboth model formulations. In comparison to the simpler NPZD model, NEMURO shows a better overall fit tothe observations. The assimilation also results in small improvements for simulated nitrate concentrations inboth models and no apparent degradation of the output for other unobserved variables. The forecasting skill of
the biogeochemical models is strongly linked to model performance without data assimilation: for both models,the improved fit obtained through assimilation degrades at similar relative rates, but drops to different absolutelevels. Despite the better performance of NEMURO in our experiments, the choice of model and desired level ofcomplexity should depend on the model application and the data available for assimilation.

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November 2, 11:40 (POC-P-13469)

Chinese ocean satellites and application
Qimao Wang, Bin Zou and Lijian Shi
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District ,100081, China, PR. E-mail: shilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn

The ocean satellite planning of China is developing ocean satellite in three series, they are the ocean color
environment satellite (HY-1), ocean dynamic environment satellite (HY-2) and ocean radar satellite (HY-3). The
sensors of HY-1 include ocean color scanner and coastal zone imager. This series satellite is used to observe sea
optical characteristics, chlorophyll concentration, sea surface temperature, river estuarial coastline and sedimentsource evolvement. China’s first ocean satellite HY-1A was launched on 15 May 2002 and stopped working on
2004. China’s second ocean satellite HY-1B was launch on Apr. 11, 2007 and stopped working on 2016, almost
9 years.
The sensors of HY-2 include microwave scatterometer, radar altimeter, scanning microwave radiometer. With thiskind of satellite, we can obtain the information of global sea surface wind field, sea surface height, significant
wave heights and sea surface temperature. China’s first ocean dynamic satellite, HY-2A was launched on August
16, 2011.

November 2, 12:00 (POC-P-13736)

Winter season submeso-scale processes at the Peter the Great Bay, northwestern Japan
Sea: Direct observations of deep cascading
Vyacheslav Lobanov, Aleksandr Sergeev, Igor Gorin, Aleksandr Voronin, Pavel Semkin and Elena Pavlova
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
E-mail: lobanov@poi.dvo.ru

Cascading of dense shelf water along the slope (slope convection) at Peter the Great Bay in the northwesternJapan Sea in winter is one of the key mechanisms of ventilation of the Japan Sea interior. To study a spatial
and temporal variability of cascading in the Peter the Great Bay three bottom mooring stations were deployedat its upper, middle and lower parts in the depth range from 94 to 2940 m along the central canyon (around
131°48’ E) in winter periods of 2016-2017 and 2017-2018. The mooring stations located at 1.5-2.0 m above thebottom were equipped with the sensors of temperature, salinity and currents with sampling interval of 0.5 hours.
These observations have demonstrated a presence of extremely cold water with temperature below zero at theshelf edge that could cascade down the slope during quite long period – from early January through early May.
Nine episodes of cascading events were registered at 651 m depth since January 2 through March 25 (2018). At
middle shelf (1136 and 1166 m) a few cascading events were observed both in 2017 and 2018. Two events wereregistered at 1967 m in 2018. Duration of the event was from a few hours to two days. Meanwhile there was noclear signal of cascading at the bottom of the slope (2965 m). Thus a cascading process make important impact onintermediate, deep and bottom waters physical and biogeochemical structure in winter season.

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W1: Ecological roles of gelatinous zooplankton: Evaluation, integrationand future prospects in a more gelatinous ocean
October 25, 09:10 (W1-13646) InvitedGelatinous zooplankton in Alaskan waters: from nets to ROVs
Russell R. Hopcroft1, Dhugal Lindsay2
1
2

Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. E-mail: rrhopcroft@alaska.edu@alaska.edu)
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, JapanFor the past two decades, we have collected detailed data on the full range of gelatinous zooplankton in the Arctic
and subarctic waters surrounding Alaska. Although classically considered copepod-dominated ecosystems,
pelagic tunicates can contribute significantly to the grazer community, while ctenophores, cnidarians andcheatognaths typically form the bulk of the predatory biomass. These gelatinous communities alone can define
different water masses. We compare what has been learned from traditional plankton nets, commercial trawls,
ROV surveys and molecular sequencing, highlighting the strengths and weaknesses of each. In particular, wehighlight recent exploration with an ROV equipped with an Ultra-high Definition video camera to explore andquantify the macrozooplankton communities over the bathymetrically complex Chukchi Borderlands region in the
Pacific-Arctic. There, in addition to establishing vertical zonation of species, at least 6 undescribed ctenophore
species have been encountered, several in the benthopelagic zone where plankton nets fear to tread.

October 25, 09:50 (W1-13815) Invited

The perils of bad taxonomy for leading edge science: A case study with the genus Aegina,
and the consequences for Deep Learning
Dhugal J. Lindsay1, Mary Grossmann, Mitsuko Hidaka-Umetsu1,2, Jun Nishikawa3, Hiroshi Miyake2, Ryo
Minemizu4, Russell Hopcroft5, Bastian Bentlage6, Allen Collins7, Takehisa Yamakita1, Hiroyuki Yamamoto1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

AMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan. E-mail: dhugal@jamstec.go.jp
Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan.
Tokai University, Shimizu, Japan.
Minemizu Photo Studio, Shimizu, Japan.
University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska, U.S.A.
University of Guam, Guam, U.S.A.
Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC, U.S.A.

Online biogeographic databases are increasingly being used to characterize global patterns and predictors ofmarine biodiversity and to identify areas of ecological significance in the open oceans and deep seas. However,the utility of such databases is entirely dependent on the quality of the data they contain. We present a casestudy that evaluated online information available for a hydrozoan narcomedusan jellyfish, Aegina citrea. Online
resources such as the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) and the Ocean Biogeographic Information
System (OBIS) suggested that A. citrea was broadly distributed throughout the world’s oceans. However, lack oftraceability to information from original providers made it impossible to validate the great majority of records inonline resources, casting doubt on species identification. A new systematic investigation of A. citrea was therefore
undertaken, with our morphological and molecular phylogenetic analyses finding that the genus Aegina and thefamily Aeginidae were polyphyletic. Two new families, three new genera, and one new species were therefore
described. In light of our integrative systematic study, we found that many past conclusions about the biology of‘Aegina citrea’, from life history to ecology to distributions, are compromised because observations of more than
one species were applied to a single name, highlighting how systematics and taxonomy provide the foundation
upon which all other biological science is built.
We have recently been applying Deep Learning techniques to automate species identifications of gelatinous
zooplankton. The effects of training sets compromised by species mis-identifications and skewed taxon sampling
are introduced and discussed.

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October 25, 10:50 (W1-13440)

Ecological importance and new findings of phaeodarians and radiolarians in the North
Pacific region
Yasuhide Nakamura and Akihiro Tuji
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan. E-mail: jasnakamura@gmail.com

Phaeodarians and radiolarians are unicellular zooplankton bearing siliceous skeletons, and some of them possessfragile skeletons which can be broken during the sampling by the ordinary plankton net. This fragile skeleton could
be a reason why their abundance has been underestimated. This study aimed to clarify the ecological importanceof phaeodarians and radiolarians, and investigated their abundance, distribution and species diversity in the North
Pacific region. Plankton samples were collected from 2011 to 2018 at ca. 30 stations in the North Pacific, using
plankton nets (mesh size: 100 µm and 330 µm) with bottle-type cod ends. At the offshore stations, plankton
were sampled in different depth layers, from the surface to deep waters. The biomass of major zooplankton was
estimated by measuring the number and body size, and phylogenetic analysis was conducted for radiolarians
and phaeodarians. The analysis on zooplankton community revealed that rhizarians with fragile skeletons can belocally abundant in the North Pacific. Phaeodarians were abundant in the deep layers (250–3,000 m) of the Sea ofJapan (7.7–71.9% of the total zooplankton biovolume) and the surface layers of the East China Sea (10.2–13.9%).
The high biomass was detected also for collodarians in the eastern North Pacific. Phaeodarians would change
their floating depth depending on the ontogenetic stages. A part of the phaeodarian skeleton was found in the gut
contents of some planktonic crustaceans, suggesting that phaeodarians contribute to the local food web. Their
species diversity (including some undescribed species) and reproduction style were partly clarified.

October 25, 11:10 (W1-13517)

Gelatinous zooplankton in Pacific Canadian Waters since 1990: Trends and ecosystem
implications
R. Ian Perry1,2, Moira Galbraith1, Kelly Young1 and Tamara Fraser1
12

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, B.C., Canada
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, B.C., Canada. E-mail: Ian.Perry@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

According to the scientific literature, abundances of gelatinous zooplankton in global marine systems have been
either increasing, decreasing, or undergoing oscillations with approximately a 20-yr periodicity. Since the 1990’s,
however, the trend globally appears to have been increasing. We present data on gelatinous zooplankton obtained
from regular and repeated bongo net surveys since the early 1990s off the west coast of Vancouver Island andin the Strait of Georgia, Canada. First we present the species composition and interannual trends of gelatinous
zooplankton for the continental shelf and oceanic waters west of Vancouver Island, and compare these withtrends in crustacean and total zooplankton biomass, and with environmental conditions. Next, we present species
composition and trends of gelatinous zooplankton in the semi-enclosed Strait of Georgia, which is perhaps Canada’s
most human-dominated marine ecosystems, and compare these with their potential source populations off the west
coast of Vancouver Island. Finally, we compare patterns in gelatinous zooplankton functional groups (predatorsand prey) off the west coast of Vancouver Island, with a focus on large outbreaks of Dolioletta gegenbauri that
occurred in 2016 and 2017, and their interactions with that marine ecosystem. We conclude with a discussion of
the implications of these interannual changes to the structure and functioning of these Pacific Canadian marine
ecosystems.

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October 25, 11:30 (W1-13675)

Identification of pelagic and demersal fish predators on gelatinous zooplankton in the
Northeast Pacifc Ocean
Richard D. Brodeur1, Troy W. Buckley2, Richard E. Hibpshman3, John C. Buchanan1, and Douglas L. Draper1
1

2
3

NOAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
E-mail: rick.brodeur@noaa.gov
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98115, USA

Pelagic coelenterates (Cnidaria and Ctenophora) and urochordates (salps and appendicularians) have been
considered important consumers or predators in marine food webs for many years but have only more recently
have they been recognized as being important prey for many marine species. We summarize data obtained from >100 Northeast Pacific fish predators based on extensive food habits analsysis (~350,000 stomachs examined) frombroad-scale surveys of pelagic and demersal fishes ranging from the Bering Sea to the Southern California Current.
In the Bering Sea, we identified 16 predators on coelenterates and 14 on thaliaceans. In the Aleutian Islands, 16
and 18 predators were identified for the two jellyfish groups and a total of 15 and 24 predators, respectively, were
found in the Gulf of Alaska. In the California Current, we identifed 12 coelenterate predators and 4 thaliacean
predators. We identified several hitherto unknown predators of jellyfish and examined factors related to predation
on jellyfish. Dominant pelagic consumers of coelenterates include dogfish, rockfish, hake, medusafish, and saury
and consumers of thaliacians included salmon, walleye pollock, and sablefish. We also show that the occurrenceof coelenterate prey is generally much higher in stomachs of several fish species examined fresh at sea comparedwith that found in stomachs of the same species examined in the laboratory following preservation. Differenceswere less pronounced with the more durable salp prey. We suggest that many existing estimates of predation onreadily digested gelatinous prey may underestimate the true predation rate and their importance in marine foodwebs.

October 25, 11:50 (W1-13559)

Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s) to measure jellyfish aggregations: An intercomparison with net sampling
Brian P.V. Hunt1,2,3, Jessica Schaub1,2, Lucy Quayle3, Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2,3, Keith Holmes3 and Yuhao Lu4
1
2

3
4

Institute of the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British. E-mail: b.hunt@oceans.ubc.ca
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia,
CanadaHakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada
Integrated Remote Sensing Studio, Forest Science Center, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6K 1Z4

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV’s, or drones) are becoming increasingly common as tools to perform highresolution but broad-scale measurements of habitats and populations simultaneously. In this study we tested theapplication of UAVs to aerial surveys of jellyfish, and their suitability for measuring and monitoring aggregations.
We paired net hauls with linear image transects taken by a UAV to measure five Aurelia spp. aggregations overthe course of one day in Pruth Bay, British Columbia, Canada. Georeferenced image transects were processed todetermine aggregation areal extent and estimate percent cover of jellyfish. The percent cover estimates and net
haul density data were highly comparable for all aggregations. Combining UAV derived surface area estimatesand net haul biomass estimates, we calculated that jellyfish aggregation size ranged from 65 to 117 tons wet weightbiomass. We discuss the potential for additional UAV based measurements including jellyfish abundance andindividual size. The study demonstrates the potential of UAVs as powerful tools for characterizing and researchingjellyfish aggregations in situ. Finally, we compare biomass estimates from the UAV survey with those of a routine
jellyfish monitoring program that conducts fortnightly horizontal surface tows of 5 minute duration in Pruth Bay.

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October 25, 12:10 (W1-13592)

Trophic ecology of the neustonic cnidarian Velella velella in the northern California
Current during an extensive bloom year: insights from gut contents and stable isotope
analysisSamantha M. Zeman1, Marco Corrales-Ugalde2, Richard D. Brodeur3 and Kelly R. Sutherland2
12
3

Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Dr., Newport, OR 97365.
E-mail: zemans@oregonstat.edu
Oregon Institute of Marine Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA,
Fish Ecology Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration, 2030 S.E. Marine Science Drive, Newport, OR 97365

Aggregations of the neustonic hydrozoan Velella velella occur periodically in the northern California Current.
Despite the regular occurrence of notable bloom events in this productive upwelling zone, little is known about
their trophic ecology. We used gut content and stable isotope analyses (SIA) to elucidate V. velella feeding
and potential impacts on the marine ecosystem. The dominant prey items ingested by V. velella colonies werecladocerans and Northern Anchovy eggs. However, mixing models indicated that Velella diet consisted mostlyof small plankton, including euphausiid eggs and cladocerans; and that fish eggs were a small fraction of theirdiet. Even with uncertainties surrounding stable isotope mixing models, gut contents revealed that Velella ingest
large amounts of non-motile prey, including northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) eggs, and removal rates of thisprey resource could be magnified in bloom years and in areas of high spawning biomass. Stable isotope analysis
revealed differences in isotopic niche width among V.velella based on location of sampling and to a lesser extent
size of predator, and demonstrates the need for continued work to fully understand the trophic ecology of thisunique neustonic organism.

October 25, 14:00 (W1-13416) NO SHOW

Temporal variations in abundance and sizes of Nemopilema nomurai in the northern East
China Sea between 2006 and 2017
Satoshi Kitajima, Haruya Yamada, Toru Hasegawa, Kou Nishiuchi, Yoko Kiyomoto, and Takeshi Taneda
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Nagasaki, Japan. E-mail: kitaji@affrc.go.jp

We investigated distribution and size of Nemopilema nomurai medusae in the northern East China Sea (nECS)
using midwater trawls between 2006 and 2017. Samplings were conducted seasonally in January-February, April,June, July and October. The medusae were found abundantly in June and July, rarely in October, and was notfound between January and May during the years without 2008 and 2011 in which they were not seen throughout
the year, suggesting that they appear mainly during the summer. The medusae propagated in June and July innECS would disperse due to the oceanic current and would disappear in October. The abundance in June and July
had a large annual variation from 0 in 2008 and 2011 to 62.1 individuals per 106 m2 in 2006 at the repetitively
observed stations close to the main habitat of N. nomurai (30°20’-31°20’N, 124-126°E). This annual pattern ofabundance accord with the southern Yellow Sea but not with the northern Bohai Sea suggesting that the fluctuation
did not occur simultaneously in the marginal seas of East Asia. Size of the medusae was comparable in June but
smaller in 2006, 2007, 2009, and 2010 in July. This small bell diameter might be ascribable to later strobilationof the medusae in 2006 and slower growth of the medusae due to low food availability in 2007, 2009 and 2010
than the other years.

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October 25, 14:20 (W1-13545)

Hyposalinity and incremental micro-zooplankton supply in early-developed Nemopilema
nomurai polyp survival, growth, and podocyst reproduction
Song Feng1, Jianing Lin2, Song Sun1, Fang Zhang1, Chaolun Li1
1
2

Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, PR China. E-mail: fengsong@qdio.ac.cn
Laboratory of Riverine Ecological Conservation and Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing
100012, PR China

Early-developed polyps of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai that are sexually produced during the rainyseason form the principal recruitment for benthic population stages, regulating the mass outbreaks of medusaethat occur in east Asian marginal seas. Their survival, development and subsequent asexual reproduction are likely
facilitated by hyposaline seawater and potentially enhanced micro-zooplankton around the estuaries that comprisethe major nurseries of medusae. In this study, 8-tentacled polyps that developed from planulae were incubated at
11 salinities from low to high with 3 feeding frequencies at a constant temperature (19°C). Survival rate of earlydeveloped polyps increased 3-fold at salinities 11 to 20, >80% greater than at salinities 25 to 33. The compositionof fully developed polyps, somatic growth, and podocyst diameter positively depended on food supply, except
at salinity 8. The potential podocyst production of polyp colonization reached normal peak at salinity 20 in thegroup that was fed once every 3 d. Excystments were significantly restricted at salinity <20. These findings
confirm that estuarine areas with salinities from 11 to 20 are appropriate for N. nomurai polyp colonization,
where prospectively increasing micro-zooplankton supply rooted in frequent eutrophication may benefit polyps.
An asexual reproduction strategy also corresponded with autumn salinity fluctuations. The intensity of diluted
water and monsoonal rainfall, as well as plankton supply around the estuaries in autumn may fundamentally affectpolyp abundance and size, determining the population size of medusae in the following spring.

October 25, 14:40 (W1-13643)

CANCELLED

Index of climate change: Interannual change of giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai in
China coastal waters
Fang Zhang, Song Sun, Chaolun Li
Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China. E-mail: zhangfang@qdio.ac.cn

Jellyfish outbreaks occurred globally in many marine ecosystems in recent decades, as a regional increasing case,
Nemopilema nomurai have formed increasingly blooms during summer and fall since the end of the 1990s in
East Asia waters. This research focuses on finding the index of inter-annual change of N. nomurai, which could
indicate climate change. The index including biomass, abundance, growth rate, bell diameter, gonad size et al. We
made a statistic to analyze and the index of ecological character of N. nomurai and climate change. The reasonof this change may be related to the amount of Kuroshio current entering the continental see area. Other mode ofmechanism and human activity also to be analyze.

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October 25, 15:00 (W1-13718)

Monitoring of Two Scyphozoan jellyfish species in the adjacent waters of a power plant,
Liaodong Bay, China
Chaolun Li1,2,3, Yantao Wang1,2, Nan Wang1,2, Song Sun1,2,3, Fang Zhang1,2,3
1

2
3CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of sciences,
Qingdao, China. E-mail: lcl@qdio.ac.cn
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technolgoy, Qingdao, China.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

In recent years, jellyfish bloom usually cause enormous ecological, economic and societal problems in Bohai Sea.
By far, the baseline knowledge such as biomass, geographical distribution pattern of large jellyfish is still far fromclear in the adjacent waters of power plant, Liaodong Bay, China. During May and June 2018, the population
abundances and distributions of two scyphozoan jellyfish species Nemopelima nomurai and Aurelia coerulea
were examined by trawl surveys once per month along with the investigation of the metrological conditions, watertemperatures, salinities, chlorophyll a concentrations and the zooplankton abundances. Ephyrae of Nemopelima
nomurai were only collected in the northern part of the survey area in May, metephyra and juvenile medusa werecollected in the whole survey area in June. The bell diameter of Nemopelima nomurai collected in the south
station is larger than that in the north station. Larval of Nemopelima nomurai transport by the clockwise current in
Liaodong Bay, expand southward to the whole survey area, including inlet of the power plant. Ephyrae of Aurelia
coerulea were collected in both May and June in the coastal station, high abundance centers are formed in both
north and south of the power plant.
Keywords: Nemopilema nomurai, Aurelia coerulea, Population dynamics, Geographical distribution, Power plant

October 25, 15:20 (W1-13538)

Blooms and non-blooms of the giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai in the East Asian
Marginal Seas: 12-year monitoring using ships of opportunity
Shin-ichi Uye1, Hideki Ikeda1, Mariko Takao1, Hiroko Okawachi1, Miwa Hayashi1, Manabu Shimizu2, Takashi
Setou2
1
2

Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan. E-mail: suye@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, JapanThe giant jellyfish Nemopilema nomurai showed a propensity for occasional population explosions, particularlyin the last two decades. The Changjiang River estuary and adjoining coastal waters are considered the major
habitat of N. nomurai polyps, which release ephyrae in the spring. Young medusae spread over the Yellow Sea
and northern East China Sea in early summer, and then are transported to the Sea of Japan by the Tsushima
Current. Each year, medusae begin to appear in May/June, reach an annual peak density in July, and then almost
die out by November. Monitoring of medusae in these waters was conducted for 12 years from 2006 to 2017,using ships of opportunity. The medusa population size differed by 4 orders of magnitude; average density in the
Yellow Sea in July ranged from 0.0005 medusae 100 m-2 in 2014, a non-bloom year, to 3.17 medusae 100 m-2
in 2007, a big-bloom year that devastated local fisheries. Although detailed mechanisms that cause such yearto-year variations are still unknown, their numbers correlated positively with three polyp habitat parameters:(1) sea surface temperature in February, (2) west wind velocity in May, and (3) south wind velocity in June.
Hence, acquisition of these parameters from satellites, in addition to monitoring of young medusae from ships
enabled us to forecast the annual bloom intensity by July, 1-3 months prior to their peak occurrence in Japanesewaters. Reliable forecast information has proven to be very valuable for Japanese fishers, as they can take propercountermeasures against a big bloom.

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W2: PICES contribution to Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) ecosystemassessment
October 25, 09:10 (W2-13798) Invited

Integrated Ecosystem Assessment of the Central Arctic Ocean – Work of an ICES/PICES/PAME working group
Hein Rune Skjoldal
Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway. E-mail: hein.rune.skjoldal@hi.no

Integrated Ecosystem Assessment (IEA) is an integral component of the Ecosystem Approach to management.
ICES in cooperation with PICES and PAME has established a working group to carry out an IEA for the central
Arctic Ocean (CAO). The IEA focuses on the basins and slopes of the CAO including influences through Atlantic
and Pacific gateways. We aim to publish the IEA report by the end of the year, with sections on oceanography, sea
ice, plankton, benthos, sea ice biota, fish, birds, and mammals, emphasizing spatial aspects and trophic linkages.
In addition, we address vulnerability of species and habitats to various stressors such as climate change andtranspolar shipping. The CAO as an ecosystem is undergoing large changes. The loss of summer sea ice is alreadyat about ¾ by volume, with a change to mostly annual ice for the part remaining. The level of primary production
is low, with an average annual production possibly of order 10 g C m-2. Production increases with more open
water, but the CAO is expected to remain a low productive ocean due to the strong stratification. Around 40
species of fish are found in the CAO, with eelpouts, sculpins and snailfishes as the families with most species.
Polar bear, ringed seal, beluga, narwhal, and bowhead whale are marine mammals that use habitats in the CAO on
a seasonal basis. Ivory gull and Ross’s gull occur with most of their global populations in the marginal ice zone of
the CAO in late summer and autumn.

October 25, 09:40 (W2-13686)

PICES contribution to WGICA: Climate, physical and chemical oceanographic, andlower trophic level ecosystem aspects in the Pacific gateway of the Arctic Ocean
Shigeto Nishino
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Japan. E-mail: nishinos@jamstec.go.jp

The warming trend in the Arctic is almost twice as large as the global average in recent decades. The warmingis accelerating sea ice reduction in the Arctic Ocean, which further causes the ocean warming, freshening,oligotrophication/eutrophication, and ocean acidification. Such changes in ocean environments could impact on
the Arctic marine ecosystem. Here, existing information are synthesized from previously published studies on
climate change effects in marine areas of the Pacific Arctic region (PAR), which extends from the northern Bering
Sea, across the Chukchi Sea to the East Siberian and Beaufort seas, and contains shallow continental shelves
culminating in the deep Canada Basin. The contents of the presentation are as follows.1. Arctic warming and sea
ice reduction 2. Atmospheric and ocean circulation 3. Bering Strait throughflow and water masses 4. Nutrients andprimary production 5. Carbon/biogeochemical cycles and ocean acidification

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October 25, 10:00 (W2-13618)

Carbon uptake in bi-polar regions and their responses to climate change
Zhongyong Gao, Heng Sun, Liqi Chen, Qi Li
Key Laboratory of Global Change and Marine-Atmospheric Chemistry, State Oceanic Administration (SOA), Third Institute of
Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen 361005, PR China. E-mail: gaozhongyong@tio.org.cn

Carbon uptake data sea were integrated from the 1999 to 2017 not only in the Southern Ocean, especially in the
Prydz Bay, Antarctic, but also in Chukchi Sea and Canada Basin, in the Western Arctic Ocean. Both ere summer
cruises of the Chinese National Arctic and Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). Parameters including
CO2 system parameters etc., were well measured. Bering carbon sink, Arctic carbon sink, and the Southern carbon
sink were all well calculated during the past two decades. Both Bi-polar carbon sink including Chukchi Sea andCanada Basin and Prydz Bay were well compared with each other. Results showed distinguished differences
between the bi-polar ocean carbon sink. Due to rapid Arctic Change, Chukchi Sea’s carbon sink was remained
strong uptake during the past two decades, where nutrients was supplied well by the Pacific inflow, however, theother regions such as Canda Basin where there were not nutrients supply was different change. Long term ice
station observation has revealed the carbon uptake change with the ice melting. In Contrast, the Southern Ocean
carbon sink was response to the climate change in December, however, there was negative feedback was observed
during Astral Summer season due to the bio-production, especially in Prydz Bay, Antarctic. Acknowledgement
This Work is supported by Fujian Science Fund for Leading talents of science and technology innovation andNational Natural Science Foundation of China (NO. 40976173).

October 25, 10:40 (W2-13784) (CANCELLED)

Poorly known and changing ‘mid trophic level’ in the Pacific side of the Central Arctic
Ocean; Summary of selected literature
Hyoung Chul Shin1, Hyoung Sul La1, Eun Jin Yang1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh2, Hyun-cheol Kim1, and Sung-Ho Kang1
1
2

Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea. E-mail: hcshin@kopri.re.kr
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JapanThe rapid loss of sea ice is opening up the Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) for potential fishing. Scientific research in
the CAO, however, remains too scarce to inform and support policy decisions. An attempt was made to compile therecent zooplankton literature in the Pacific sector of the CAO in order to aid ecosystem assessment. Zooplankton
surveys have not been frequent enough to provide a general description of the abundance and distribution of
the major species over the high seas portion of the Pacific Arctic. Nonetheless, information from net sampling,
acoustic observations and moored traps all point to calanoid copepods as the major zooplankton. Large calanoids
are likely the major trophic link to connect the producers and the upper level consumers. Abundance vary widely
in time and space, with summer usually being the high season. Northward shift in the copepod distribution is seen,
but migration and establishment of populations in the Arctic waters are not substantiated, and genetic analyses
indicate that this is yet to be the case. Migration from sub-Arctic to Arctic might well be possible in the future but
there is neither a strong indication nor an ecological basis to drive and sustain such shifts, at present. It appears
feasible to identify and establish target monitoring locations in the shelf zone outside EEZs (off east Siberia
and over the shelf of Chukchi Sea) where enhanced biological production is frequently detectable. Sustained
observations and long-term data on population changes and control processes are needed.

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October 25, 11:00 (W2-13348)

Evaluating current and future Arctic marine fisheries in Canada under scenarios ofclimate change
Travis C. Tai, Nadja Steiner, William W.L. Cheung and U. Rashid Sumaila
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: t.tai@oceans.ubc.ca

Canada’s Arctic remains some of the least exploited marine regions in the world yet global climate change isaltering seascapes, increasing the interest and potential development for new commercial fisheries. Countries
have taken a precautionary stance and most of the Arctic remains closed to commercial fishing until a better
understanding is developed for these ecosystems, especially with the rapid onset of global change and stressors
placed on individuals, populations, and ecosystems. In this study, we used a dynamic bioclimatic envelopemodel to simulate potential current and future abundance and distribution of 72 commercially valuable species
across Canada’s four large marine ecosystems under a high and low climate change scenario. Current estimatesof sustainable fisheries potential were more than 3.5 times greater than the reported annual tonnage of 188,000
tonnes. Future fisheries catch and landed value (in 2091-2100) were projected to increase by 63% (1.2 million
tonnes) and 71% ($980 million USD), respectively, under the high climate change scenario. Under the low climatechanges scenario, both catch and landed value were projected to increase by only 6.5% by the end of the century.
Canada’s east Arctic and Hudson Bay comprised the majority of fisheries at over 95% under either scenario.
Capelin and Atlantic cod had the highest current and future catches and landed values. While these results are
not substitutes for proper stock assessments, they contribute to the research and understanding to evaluate theresilience and sustainability of Canada’s Arctic fisheries.

October 25, 11:20 (W2-13719)

Characteristics of environmental risks caused by navigation of the Central Arctic Ocean
Natsuhiko Otsuka1, Lawson Brigham2, Xiaoyang Li1 and Sei-Ichi Saitoh1
12

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: natsuhiko.otsuka@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
University of Alaska Fairbanks

Based on the prediction of long term trend of sea ice retreat, the Central Arctic Ocean(hereinafter referred to as
CAO) might become the first-year ice field in the future. Due to actual sailing activity along the Northern Sea
Route in recent years, many ice class ships were sailing under light ice condition without icebreaker, and with
icebreaker support under medium ice condition of the first-year ice field. This means that it would be possible
for certain ice class ships, other than special icebreakers, to navigate into the CAO, if it becomes the first- year
ice field. Against the back ground of this, authors investigate environmental risks caused by ship navigation in
the CAO. Taking into account of the characteristics of marine ecosystem in the CAO, environmental risk causedby ship navigation in ice covered water is investigated. Here, risks of discharges, emissions, accidental releaseof fuels and cargo materials, and other risks by ship operation are considered. And these risks are applied andcontrasted to the current regulation for protection of ocean environment against ship navigation in polar waters.

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October 25, 11:40 (W2-13785) (CANCELLED)

Aligning science in preparation for the Central Arctic Ocean high seas fisheries agreement
Hyoung Chul Shin1, Sei-Ichi Saitoh2, Hyun-cheol Kim1, and Sung-Ho Kang1
1
2

Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Republic of Korea. E-mail: hcshin@kopri.re.kr
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Potential impacts unmanaged fisheries might cause in the melting Central Arctic Ocean (CAO) prompted theinterested 10 governments to develop a new system of governance in these international waters. The recently
concluded Central Arctic Ocean high seas fisheries agreement has set a novel precedent with ‘precautionary
principle’ and ‘ecosystem approach’ embedded in it. The agreement adopted a stepwise approach that places animmediate restriction as well as a path to a properly developed management scheme if fisheries have to occur.
A special role has been created for collaborative scientific research to support the aims of the agreement with an
explicit request to develop joint programs. Currently there are a number of research initiatives in the region, andsignificant baseline efforts have been made, for example FiSCAO (Meeting of Scientific Experts on Fish Stocks
in the Central Arctic Ocean) deliberations and the three-party (ICES-PICES-PAME) CAO ecosystem assessment.
The next step will be to coordinate research expeditions and to digest accumulated information by priorities. In thispresentation, a review of current status is provided, and a case will be made for a dedicated scientific leadershipwith a definite Arctic focus that might make a modest start but is ready to evolve to accommodate future needs.

October 25, 12:00 (W2-13722)

Improvement or deviation? Assessing the agreement on unregulated fishing in the Central
Arctic Ocean from the perspective of international politics
Fujio Ohnishi
Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, N21W11, Hokkaido, Japan.Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 001-0021, Japan.
E-mail: fujio.ohnishi@arc.hokudai.ac.jp

Five Arctic coastal states (Canada, Denmark, Norway, Russia, US) and Five non-Arctic coastal players (China,
the European Union, Iceland, Japan and South Korea) completed negotiations on an agreement to prevent
unregulated commercial fishing in the high seas area of the central Arctic Ocean on 30 November 2017. From theperspective of international politics, this agreement was an unique product of international collaboration in a sensethat it negotiated through five-plus-five format of the participatory countries for the first time in in the history ofinternational cooperation in the Arctic region. While the irregular international negotiation mainly attributed toa new U.S. diplomatic initiative U.S. diplomacy during the Obama administration aiming a legacy in combatingwith climate change issues, it may impact the existing international order or established regional patterns ofinternational activities among the Eight Arctic states. Therefore, it is further unclear whether this agreement has
positive or negative effect for Arctic governance in political sense. This paper shows the process of negotiation of
the agreement on unregulated fishing and considers how the agreement is distinct in a making process from otherArctic cooperation. It also discusses its political implications in international governance in the region.

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W3: Development of a systematic approach to data management in PICES
October 25, 09:05 (W3-13293)

The marine data resources management strategy under the background of big data era
Chun-hua Han
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, China. E-mail: hanchunhua2008@126.com

Marine data is an important national basic strategic resource, managing marine data resources with big data
thinking has become a megatrend in the new era. This report analyzes the current status and existing problemsof the domestic and international marine data resource management, and the demands of marine data resourcesmanagement, sharing, and application, then proposes the marine data resources management strategies, including
unified planning and design of marine resource management, establishing multi-source tridimensional marine
data acquisition system, constructing classification and gradation marine data resources management system,
strengthening marine big data analysis, processing and application research, and promoting the sharing ofmarine data resources that serves the multi-user. It is of great significance to innovate the management of marine
information resources, promoting data integration in the sea-related fields, and effectively improving the marine
management and service level under the background big data in the new era.

October 25, 09:30 (W3-13655)

Future of TCODE
Joon-Soo Lee
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Korea. E-mail: leejoonsoo@korea.kr

TCODE, started with WG4 “Data collection and quality control”, was replaced by PICES technical committee in1994 by Science Board recommendation 94/S/4. Since 1994, when TCODE started its activities, there have been
many developments in the field of marine observation and data management. In particular, the data-related field
is one of the fastest-changing fields with the recent trend of big data and deep learning. In this presentation, I will
review the TCODE’s past activities over 20 years, and present future directions of TCODE.

October 25, 10:50 (W3-13522)-Invited

Enhancing collaborations between PICES and IOC/IODE in open data accessYutaka Michida
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: ymichida@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Co-Chair of International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) of IOC

International Oceanographic Data and Information Exchange (IODE) was established in 1961 as one of theinitial programmes of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO. IODE is aiming
at promoting international free and unrestricted exchange of oceanographic data and information to support, as
an infrastructure for all ocean and marine activities led by IOC, ocean sciences and services such as forecastingof ocean conditions and early warning of marine hazards. IODE’s most essential activity is to promote open
access to oceanographic data and information based on the IOC’s International Oceanographic Data Exchange
Policy, whose current version was adopted in 2003 at the 23rd Session of IOC Assembly, and through international
network of National Oceanographic Data Centers (NODCs) and associated components of IODE. IODE has
been keeping close and effective cooperation with related international organizations, programmes, and projects
including PICES. Having served the community for more than 50 years, IODE is now well-positioned to respondto the challenge of: emerging issues in ocean sciences; the increased focus on products and services; and a rapidly
evolving international marine community. IODE will be very much pleased to enhance collaborations with PICES
in ensuring open access to oceanographic data and information particularly in the North Pacific Region.

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October 25, 11:20 (W3-13616)

PICES metadata federation: Past, present, and future
Daniil Glushenko1, Georgy Moiseenko2 and Igor Shevchenko3
1
2
3

Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: igor.shevchenko@tinro-center.ru

One of the PICES objectives is «to promote the collection and exchange of information and data related to marine
scientific research in the area concerned». In order to partially accomplish it, the PICES Technical Committee
on Data Exchange (TCODE) initiated a metadata federation of the member countries. Metadata is a descriptionof essential characteristics of data, information or services that allows making a preliminary conclusion by asearcher about their utility. It is used by search engines and should eventually lead to the corresponding data files,
detailed pieces of information themselves, or to entry points of the corresponding data or information services.
Beforehand, metadata records are to be somehow (usually manually) created, posted, edited and maintained.
And only then, they are made spatially searchable by particular groups of end-users on the Internet with theuse of standards and software packages. The goal of the project was to implement a one-stop web utility for
preparing and searching metadata on data, information and services related to marine ecosystems of the North
Pacific and make it usable by the PICES community. Initially, the project was based on the FGDC metadata
format and the NSDI Clearinghouse Network. Then, the team moved to the international standards for spatial
metadata representation. Also, an instance of GeoNetwork opensource was installed on a rented server as the
PICES TCODE geospatial portal. Not only members of the PICES expert groups but all interested in sharing georeferenced data, information and services got an opportunity to register and run their own metadata collections on
the portal or contribute to the existing categories. As the past and present show, for many reasons, the project is nota success and its goals are not achieved. Our talk will address lessons learned from the project history and certain
aspects of sharing «small science» data, information and services in PICES in the future.

October 25, 11:45 (W3-13551)

Contribution PICES data activities to global data products
Toru Suzuki
Marine Information Research Center, Japan. E-mail: suzuki@mirc.jha.jp

Section on Carbon and Climate (S-CC) of PICES has established since 2005 carried on Working Group on Carbon
Dioxide in the North Pacific (WG-13; 1997-2001) and Working Group on Biogeochemical data Integration and
Synthesis (WG-17; 2001-2005). Based on PICNIC (PICES CO2 Related Data Integration for the North Pacific),
one of achievement by WG-17, and enlightenment of GLODAP (Global Ocean Data Analysis Project) andCARINA (Carbon Dioxide in the Atlantic Ocean), S-CC has released PACIFICA (Pacific Ocean Interior Carbon)
dataset in 2013. PACIFICA was merged to GLODAPv2 in 2015 with GLODAP, CARINA and other new cruises
in all basins. SOCAT (Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas), the other CO2 related global data products, has released in 2011
and it is updated annually or biennially. In particular Trans-Pacific Volunteer Observing Ship Survey Programby National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan, PICES 2014 Ocean Monitoring Service Award winner,contribute massive and high quality underway CO2 data in the North Pacific to SOCAT. IQuOD (International
Quality-controlled Ocean Database) is one of new projects for making a unified and highly quality controlled
global ocean sub-surface temperature dataset managed by IOC/IODE and SCOR WG-148. It is important thatPICES TCODE and other related expert groups should take the initiative and coordinate contribution from PICES
member countries to global data assembly and analysis activities.

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October 25, 12:10 (W3-13676)

The Data Management System for Working Group 35: The Third North Pacific Ecosystem
Status Report (WG-NPESR3)
Peter Chandler1 and Jeanette Gann2
12

Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Sidney, BC, Canada. E-mail: Peter.Chandler@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Jeanette Gann, NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Auke Bay, Juneau, Alaska, USA

One of the objectives of Working Group 35-NPESR3 (Third North Pacific Ecosystem Status Report) is to establish
an internet based management system for a database of Ecosystem Time Series Observations (ETSOs). TheseETSOs will form the basis of the written material comprising the NPESR3 report, and are intended to reduce
the effort previously required by authors to access relevant data in order to write the report. Three phases ofdevelopment for this data management system will be discussed: 1) the functional design of the website thatprovides for sufficient metadata to be collected to organise the submitted data and allocate the submission to theappropriate reviewer, 2) the review process that provides for an exchange between the submitter and the reviewer
to confirm the data is adequately explained and version control applied if changes are made, and 3) the maintenanceof the dataset in order to keep the ETSOs up-to-date for the use of PICES members and future NPESRs.

October 25, 14:00 (W3-13345)

Data from the North Pacific Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey
Sonia Batten
CPR Survey, Marine Biological Association, Nanaimo, Canada. E-mail: Sonia.Batten@mba.ac.uk

The North Pacific Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) Survey which began in 2000 was one of the first PICES
projects to collect field observations. The data for the most part are spatially and temporally referenced observationsof plankton abundances, categorized into taxonomic entities. In the latter years in situ physical data from onboard
loggers have also been collected. These data have been made discoverable through the PICES website since thesurvey began, and summary products and updates have also been presented. This presentation describes the datacollected, the issues that are common to many types of biological observations as well as issues specific to CPR
data. It will also describe what has been done to date to make the data available, and what could be done to makethe data more useful.

October 25, 14:25 (W3-13738)

ADRIFT (Assessing Debris Related Impact From Tsunami) Project – Outline and legacy
products
Cathryn Clarke Murray1,2, Thomas W. Therriault2, Nancy Wallace3, Hideaki Maki4, and Alexander Bychkov1
1
2
3
4

North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES)
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canada
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), JapanThe Great East Japan Earthquake on March 11, 2011 caused a devastating tsunami that washed millions of tonsof debris from terrestrial and coastal environment into the North Pacific Ocean. Within a year, Japanese Tsunami
Marine Debris (JTMD) began arriving on the shores of the Pacific coast of North America and the Hawaiian
Islands carrying hundreds of living coastal Japanese species. Scientists from multiple disciplines were involved
in rigorous research activities to document and evaluate the potential impacts from JTMD and associated nonindigenous species (NIS) to coastal ecosystems in Pacific North America and Hawaii. The ADRIFT project,funded by the Japanese Ministry of the Environment through PICES, focused on three major themes: 1) modelingmovement of marine debris in the North Pacific to forecast and hindcast JTMD trajectories and landings; 2)
surveillance and detection of JTMD landfall and accumulation, and 3) characterizing and assessing the invasion
risk of NIS transported on JTMD.
Legacy products of the project are now available for public use:132

– JTMD species database, accessible through the Smithsonian Institution online portal NEMESIS (National

PICES-2018
Exotic Marine and Estuarine Species Information System), is an important resource for improving our basic
understanding of species transport and attributes related to invasion success for selected marine invertebrates andalgae from the Northwestern Pacific, including those associated with JTMD, and can contribute to risk assessments.
– JTMD specimen archive – the biological collection of over 1,000 individual samples (marine invertebrates)from 650 registered JTMD objects, housed and curated at the Royal British Columbia Museum (Victoria, Canada),
will allow researchers world-wide to access this unique resource in years to come, especially with the advance of
new analytical techniques.
– Products from aerial surveys of the British Columbia outer coast and the main Hawaiian Islands (aerial
photographs, debris ranking segments and maps), accessible through online sources, provide baselines of marine
debris for vast, uninhabited shorelines.

October 25, 14:50 (W3-13818) CANCELLEDPICES WG-21 – Overview, data products and challenges
Thomas W. Therriault (on behalf of PICES WG-21)
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Canada

Aquatic non-indigenous species (NIS) continue to threaten marine ecosystems, including seafood safety andsecurity. To inform risk assessments predicting the likelihood and consequences of new invasions, it is criticalto understand global NIS distributions, habitat tolerances/preferences, potential dispersal vectors and probable
impacts related to new incursions. To this end, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) Working
Group on Non-Indigenous Aquatic Species (WG-21), with funding from the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and
Fisheries (MAFF) of Japan through the Fisheries Agency of Japan, developed a NIS database that summarizes
large-scale data which can be used by managers to develop monitoring programs for early detection or rapid
response, and to make mitigation plans for higher-risk NIS to limit the impacts on native biodiversity, includingcommercially important species, and ecosystem structure and function. Some of the challenges related todevelopment, use, and sustainability will be discussed.
Further, a key product of WG-21’s database effort was The Atlas of Non-indigenous Marine and Estuarine Species
in the North Pacific, which synthesizes information from a variety of sources and can serve as a valuable resource
for agencies and scientists tasked with managing and researching NIS in the North Pacific. Information includedin the Atlas can help to identify and prioritize potential high-risk NIS and/or high-risk locations which can allow
limited funding to be used effectively. The usefulness of the Atlas was illustrated most recently by the arrival ofa large floating dock in Newport, Oregon, USA that had been set adrift by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake
and tsunami – this document was consulted by experts to aid in the identification and ecological risk assessmentof organisms attached to the dock and was the precursor to the PICES ADRIFT project.

October 25, 15:15 (W3-13707)

Data from the PICES Project on Marine Ecosystem Health and Human Well-being(MarWeB)
Mitsutaku Makino
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan.
E-mail: mmakino@affrc.go.jp

In 2012, PICES started an integrated 5-year research project named “Marine Ecosystem Health and Human WellBeing (MarWeB)”, which was funded by the Japanese Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (MAFF).
The key questions of the project were: (a) How do marine ecosystems support human well-being? and (b) How dohuman communities support sustainable and productive marine ecosystems? One of the output from this projectis the MarWeB Database, which includes following four types of data: 1) Data for the comparative well-being
analysis in PICES member countries and Indonesia, 2) Data from the 2014, 2015 and 2016 Aquaculture Pond
Experiments in Indonesia, 3) Electronic clicker survey data for the community needs assessments in Las Lisasand Monterrico in Guatemala, 4) Bibliography on the key concepts used in the project: social-ecological systems/
human well-being and Sato-umi. This presentation briefly introduces the contents of the MarWeB database.
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W4: Synthesizing projected climate change impacts in the North Pacific
October 28, 09:15 (W4-13839) Invited

Building confidence in projecting future marine biodiversity and fisheries under climatechangeWilliam W.L. Cheung
Changing Ocean Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia,
Canada, V6T 1Z4.

Climate change is affecting fish stocks worldwide as their abundance and productivity (including invertebrates andfishes) are sensitive to changes in ocean variables such as warming, deoxygenation, acidification, and alteration ofprimary production under increasing greenhouse gas concentrations. These changing ocean conditions are affecting
human activities such as fisheries and have now become an important challenge for effective management andconservation of living marine resources. Unfortunately, we do not have a crystal ball to tell us exactly what will
happen in the future to advise human interventions to reduce climate impacts. Instead, we could better understandand characterize uncertainties to inform the design of resource management and other adaptation measures to copewith such uncertainties. This presentation aims to discuss ways and initiatives that characterize uncertainties inassessing future changes in living marine resources, approaches to utilize such information to develop adaptation
strategies, and the challenges of their implementation at multiple spatial and organizational scales. Particularly,
I examine the use of scenario planning for coupled human-natural marine systems as a way to develop climateadaptation strategies under global change, with particular focus on its applications in the Pacific region.

October 28, 09:35 (W4-13830) Invited

Diagnostically projected future changes of phytoplankton community structure and their
growth limitation based on a multi-model ensemble
Taketo Hashioka1, Takafumi Hirata2, Maki N. Aita1, Sanae Chiba1
1
2

JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Japan
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

In this decade, a multi-model ensemble in future projection could be available even for biogeochemical variables(typically primary production and chlorophyll concentration) according to the progress of model inter-comparison
projects such as CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project) and MAREMIP (Marine Ecosystem Model
Inter-comparison Project). On the other hand, projections of plankton community structure and their controllingmechanism still have large uncertainties. In this study, first, we show the projections of 8 to 12 different ecosystemmodels of CMIP5 and MAREMIP as the current state. Then we projected future changes of phytoplankton
community structure and of their growth limitation as diagnostic estimation (to reduce the uncertainties of model
projections) based on the multi-model ensemble. We compiled that information as one map as one of comprehensive
view like Longhurst’s biogeography. Through this, we showed robust or sensitive regions to climate change, and
we also projected a new biogeochemical region that does not currently exist. This kind of information might beuseful for designing of future observation plan, or to show the spatio-temporal representativeness of the observed
data.

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October 28, 10:15 (W4-13760) (changed to POSTER)

Projected changes in the sea surface wind in the East Asian marginal seas from regional
climate models
Wonkeun Choi1,2 and Chan Joo Jang1,2
12

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea. E-mail: cjjang@kiost.ac.kr
University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

Sea surface wind plays a crucial role in coastal safety including flooding and coastal erosion mainly by changing
sea level height and ocean waves. This study aims to investigate regional characteristics in the future changes
in sea surface wind due to global warming in the East Asian Marginal Seas (EAMS) projected by four different
regional climate models contributing to CORDEX-EA (COordinated Regional climate Downscaling EXperimentEast Asia) downscaling project, by using daily mean winds for the present (historical experiment for 1980-2004)
and the future climate (RCP4.5 scenario for 2025-2049). In general, the projected changes in the climatologicalmean wind speed shows a considerable seasonal contrast: a decrease up to 30% in winter and an increase up
to 40% in summer. This contrast may indicate seasonally different large-scale atmospheric responses to global
warming in the EAMS. The prevailing wind direction, a critical factor in coastal erosion in the EAMS, is projected
to be significantly changed in both winter and summer. The seasonal difference in wind changes contribute toa decrease in the amplitude of seasonal variation. Extreme winds, defined as an annual maximum of the windspeed, show negligible changes in all CORDEX models. However, variation of the changes in extreme wind
is considerably large among the models, indicating inconsistent future projection in the spatial distribution of
extreme winds. Our findings suggest that future changes in sea surface wind in the EAMS can be considerably
different depending on seasons and models.

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W5: Identifying common reference points and leading indicators of
ecosystem change
October 25, (W5-13828)-Invited

Marine ecosystem responses to anthropogenic and environmental pressures:Linear or nonlinear?
Caihong Fu
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, British Columbia V9T 6N7, Canada.
Email: caihong.fu@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Marine ecosystems are influenced by interacting pressures including climatic, oceanographic, ecological, andanthropogenic (e.g., fishing) changes. At species level, these pressures may affect the biological processes ofsurvival, growth, and reproduction, which cascade up to influence communities and the entire ecosystem due tocomplex species interactions. Ecosystem responses to these pressures can either be linear or nonlinear depending
on a number of factors including the type, extent, and interactions of pressures as well as the type of indicators
explored. In this study, with an ecosystem model (OSMOSE, Object-oriented Simulator of Marine Ecosystems)
developed for the Pacific North Coast ecosystem off western Canada, a series of simulation experiments are
conducted to mimic environmental and anthropogenic pressures and their impacts on the ecosystem. A numberof ecological indicators, including pelagic to demersal ratio, system biomass, productivity, mean length, mean
trophic level, species richness, and diversity, are explored to assess their responses to a single and combined
cumulative pressures. Dynamic factor analysis, generalized additive models, and gradient forest analysis are
employed to identify ecosystem trends, importance of environmental and anthropogenic pressures on ecosystem
dynamics, and ecosystem-level thresholds beyond which the ecosystem responds abruptly to a small change inpressure variables. Simulation experiments indicate that ecological indicators with more explicit trophic levels
and predation-prey interactions tend to manifest more nonlinear responses and are thus worthy of more attention.
The ecosystem thresholds of these ecological indicators are helpful to inform the development of climate-oriented
and trophic-specific management strategies under ecosystem-based fisheries management.

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W6: Regional evaluation of secondary production observations andapplication of methodology in the North Pacific
October 25, 14:10 (W6-13425)-Invited

Traditional approaches for estimating zooplankton production rate and food requirementin the neritic area of the North PacificKoichi Ara1 and Akihiro Shiomoto2
1
2

Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan. E-mail: arakoich@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp
Tokyo University of Agriculture, Abashiri, Japan

In traditional methods, estimation of zooplankton production rate needs parameters such as abundance, individual
weight and growth rates, which can be determined by incubation. When there is no available growth data,
growth rate can be calculated using empirical models from a few easily measurable parameters (i.e. temperature,individual weight). Here, one question arises: which models are more applicable? We compared several empiricalmodels for metazoan mesozooplankters, using data set obtained in the neritic area of Sagami Bay, Japan, fromJanuary 2006 to December 2017. Consequently, three models were applied for copepods, appendicularians andall other taxonomic groups, based on the basic balanced equations between production rate and food requirement,
which was separately estimated from respiration rate. In Sagami Bay, the depth-integrated primary production
rate in the euphotic zone (PP) was 0.02–5.43 (mean: 1.05) g C m–2 d–1. Mesozooplankton daily production rates
were estimated to be 0.12–15.91 (mean: 2.31) mg C m–3 d–1. The mean depth-integrated rates of mesozooplankton
secondary and tertiary production (MSP and MTP, respectively) were estimated to be 0.108 and 0.022 g C m–2 d–1,
while mean transfer efficiencies from PP to MSP and MTP were 10.3% (copepods: 3.7%; non-copepods: 6.6%)
and 2.0% (copepods: 0.6%; non-copepods: 1.4%), respectively. The mean depth-integrated food requirements ofmesozooplankton secondary and tertiary producers were estimated to be 0.320 and 0.068 g C m–2 d–1, corresponding
to 30.6% (copepods: 12.9%; non-copepods: 17.7%) and 6.4% (copepods: 2.0%; non-copepods: 4.4%) of PP,
respectively.

October 25, 14:50 (W6-13557)

Spatial and temporal variation of mesozooplankotn productivity in the Seto Inland Sea,
Japan
Kazuaki Tadokoro1, Akihide Kasai2, Katsuyuki Abo3, Kazutaka Miyahara4, Keigo Yamamoto5, and Kazuhiko
Koike6
1
2
3
4
5

6

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan. E-mail: den@affrc.go.jp
Faculty of Fisheries Science, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
Hyogo Prefectural Technology Center for Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Fisheries Technology Institute, Akashi, Hyogo, Japan
Marine Fisheries Research Center, Research Institute of Environment, Agriculture and Fisheries, Osaka Prefecture, Misaki, Osaka,
Japan.
Hiroshima University, Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan.

The Seto Inland Sea is one of the most important fisheries grounds in Japan. Although eutrophication was aserious problem in the Seto Inland Sea in past years, nutrient concentration has decreased since the end of the
1980s because of limiting of the discharge. Fishery production (or Catch amount of fishes) also has decreased
since the 1980s. The decreasing of nutrient concentration is suspected as one of the causes of decrease in fish
production. However, the mechanisms have not been clarified. Mesozooplankton is an important prey forfishes. Therefore, the study of the productivity of mesozooplankotn is necessary to understand the change infishery production. We studied the productivity of mesozooplankton from 2016 to 2017 in the Seto Inland Sea.
Mesozoopankton was collected by vertical haul of Remodeled NORPAC net (45cm diameter, 0.1mm mesh size)
from seafloor to surface. Samples were analyzed by using stereo microscope and counted abundance by species
level. The body length was also measured to estimate the body weight. By using this information, we estimatedthe productivity of mesozooplankton according to equation of Ikeda and Motoda (1978). Seasonal variation ofcommunity structure in mesozooplakton was synchronized in the eastern (Osaka Bay, Harima-nada) and western(Hiroshima Bay) regions. The productivity was low from January to June, and increased from July and peakedin September. Oithona similis was dominant species from January to June. On the other hand the Microsetella
norvegica and Paracalanus parvus were dominant in September. We will discuss the decadal scale variation of
the mesozooplakton productivity in the presentation.

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October 25, 15:10 (W6-13298)

Copepod community growth rates in relation to body size, temperature, and foodavailability in the East China Sea: A test of metabolic theory of ecology
Kuan-Yu Lin1, Akash R. Sastri2, Gwo-Ching Gong3, and Chih-hao Hsieh1
1
2
3Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan. E-mail: chsieh@ntu.edu.tw
Ocean Networks Canada and Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Institute of Marine Environment and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan

Zooplankton play an essential role in marine food webs, and understanding how community-level growth rates
of zooplankton vary in the field is critical for predicting how marine ecosystem function may vary in the faceof environmental changes. Here, we used the artificial cohort method to examine the effects of temperature,body size, and chlorophyll concentration (a proxy for food) on weight-specific growth rates for copepod
communities in the East China Sea. Specifically, we tested the hypothesis that copepod community growth rates
can be described by the metabolic theory of ecology (MTE), linking spatio-temporal variation of copepod growthrate with temperature and their body size. Our results generally agree with predictions made by the MTE anddemonstrate that weight-specific growth rates of copepod communities in our study area are positively relatedwith temperature and negatively related to body size. However, the regression coefficients of body size do not
approach the theoretical predictions. Furthermore, we find that the deviation from the MTE predictions may bepartly attributed to the effect of food availability (which is not explicitly accounted for by the MTE). In addition,
significant difference in the coefficients of temperature and body size exists among taxonomic groups. Our results
suggest that considering the effects of food limitation and taxonomy is necessary to better understand copepod
growth rates under in situ conditions, and such effects on the MTE-based prediction needs further investigation.

October 25, 15:30 (W6-13335)

An overview of artificial cohort method for estimating zooplankton production in theocean
Hui Liu1, Russell R. Hopcroft2
1
2

Department of Marine Biology, Texas A&M University at Galveston, Galveston, TX 77553. E-mail: liuh@tamug.edu
Institute of Marine Science, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775

Knowledge of the functioning of marine ecosystems ultimately relies on exact estimates of rate processes of key
organisms, such as zooplankton in the ocean. While a set of traditional methods (e.g. natural cohort, artificial
cohort, molting rate, etc.) has been applied for measuring zooplankton rate processes, until now no method has
been accepted as a standard in the field. Generally, for a given species, zooplankton production is estimatedfrom the product of specific growth rate and standing biomass. Given numerous zooplankton taxa in the ocean,
the approach can be expanded to estimates of zooplankton production at community levels. Compared to theincreasing availability of time- and site-specific composition, abundance and biomass of zooplankton, in situ
growth rates remain a bottleneck for the exact estimates of zooplankton production. Despite the time consuming
and labor intensive nature, as one of the most practical approaches artificial cohort method has been broadly
applied in tropical and subarctic waters for estimating zooplankton growth rates. We present an overview of theartificial cohort method and its biases along with its practicality as for estimating zooplankton production in theocean.

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October 25, 16:10 (W6-13577)

Evaluation of the application of empirical growth rate models toward a long-term
zooplankton biomass/production time-series on the southern shelf of Vancouver Island
Akash R. Sastri1, 2, Moira Galbraith3, and R. Ian Perry3, 41
2
34

Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: asastri@uvic.ca
Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Sidney, BC, Canada
Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

Estimating the biomass of marine zooplankton assemblages from the contents of plankton net collections is
widespread and has yielded valuable long-term time-series’ comparable across the world’s oceans. Similar timeseries for zooplankton production rates, however, are not common since rate estimates (typically specific growth
rates) are varied in their routine field applicability. The PICES working group (WG37) on zooplankton production
methods seeks to identify the advantages and limitations of traditional and biochemical methods. A singular issue
with in situ growth rate methods is that they cannot be applied retrospectively to long-term time-series of biomass
to estimate production rate (product of specific growth rate and biomass). However, empirical models based on thesynthesis of in situ growth rate measurements offer potential resolution to this issue. Empirical models vary in theircomplexity and typically require one or all of temperature, body size, and phytoplankton (food proxy) to estimate
specific growth rate. Here, we take advantage of a long-term (1979-2017) time-series of zooplankton biomass on
the southern shelf of the west coast of Vancouver Island to compare production rate estimates using a variety of
empirical growth rate models. We seek to identify advantages and limitations of each model application with aparticular emphasis on: 1) whether or not variability of these production rates estimates are simply reformulationsof biomass; and 2) whether such production rate estimates would be better served by selecting specific groups/taxa
during seasons when growth is assumed be occurring.

October 25, 16:30 (W6-13578)

A status report on Canadian marine zooplankton production rate measurements
Karyn D. Suchy1, 2 and Akash R. Sastri3, 4
1
2
3
4

Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver BC, Canada. E-mail: ksuchy@uvic.ca
Department of Geography University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
Biology Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

The PICES working group on “Zooplankton Production Methodologies, Applications and Measurements in PICES
Regions” (WG37) seeks to identify the advantages and limitations of traditional and biochemical methods for insitu measurements of marine zooplankton production rates. The working group activities include the promotion ofinternational collaboration among zooplankton production research groups and a synthesis of historical production
rate and/or related growth rate measurements from each country. Here we report on the current status of marine
zooplankton productivity measurements for Canadian waters. Our report distinguishes between both the number
and type of rate estimate (fecundity, somatic growth, or total production), methodology employed (e.g. cohort,incubation, biochemical), the duration of study, and sampling location. Our objective is to direct attention to typeand location-specific gaps and make recommendations for future measurements in Canadian waters.

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October 25, 16:45 (W6-13284)

Status report on zooplankton productivity measurements in the western North Pacific
Ocean and its neighboring waters
Toru Kobari1 and Kazuaki Tadokoro2
1

2

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
E-mail: kobari@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan

Japanese coastal areas are the “hot-spots” where zooplankton production measurements were frequently conductedin the world oceans during 1980s to 1990s. Information on zooplankton productivity has been also accumulated
in more pelagic sites like Oyashio, Kuroshio and Japan Sea. Most of these previous measurements were based on
the traditional methods, but various approaches like natural cohort, artificial cohort, molting rate, egg production,
physiological model and empirical models were applied for zooplankton population or community in nature.
Such traditional-methods-based measurements have been gradually declined during the last decade because of the
low cost performance to study objectives and goals. As alternative methodologies to provide fine temporal andspatial resolutions, biochemical approaches using nucleic acids and protein synthetase activity have been recently
applied. Major target groups are biased for metazoan crustaceans, in particular for copepods, and thus othertaxonomic groups like protozoans and gelatinous forms are minor for the measurements. To take both advantagesof traditional (direct measurements) and biochemical methods (good replicability and wide applicability),
calibration of the zooplankton productivity measurements between the traditional methods and biochemical
approaches would be encouraged.

October 25, 17:00 (W6-13301)

An intercalibration of chitobiase and biomass size spectra zooplankton production
estimates
Lian E. Kwong1, Karyn D. Suchy2, John F. Dower3,4, Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,5,6
1

2
3
4
5
6

Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
E-mail: lkwong@eoas.ubc.ca
Pacific Salmon Foundation, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, BC, Canada
Institute of Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada

Production can be defined as the increase in biomass of a given population through time due to both somatic andreproductive growth. While many estimates of primary production exist in the literature, those of zooplankton
secondary production are much more limited. Relating primary production to higher trophic level production thus
remains difficult as estimates of secondary production are rare. To date, several direct (i.e., cohort method, moult
rate method, egg production method) and indirect (i.e., empirical models, metabolic theory, physiological method,biochemical models) methods have been applied to quantify secondary production. However, cross-validations
between these different approaches are still lacking. In the last two decades, the chitobiase (crustacean moulting
enzyme) approach has gained increasingly more traction due to its relative simplicity in providing instantaneous
measurement of in situ crustacean production. Recent studies have also begun using zooplankton size spectra
models to quantify zooplankton production, which is unique in that it incorporates the whole zooplankton
community. Here, we provide a direct comparison of zooplankton production derived using the chitobiase
approach and production modelled using the biomass spectra theory. Zooplankton and chitobiase samples werecollected between March and August in Saanich Inlet, BC, Canada (48°35’N, 123°30’W) in 2010 and 2011. This
comparison is instrumental in validating the biomass spectra approach. Ultimately, the biomass spectra model
may be applied to historical net-samples, optic data, and acoustic data in order to investigate long-term trends inzooplankton production.

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October 25, 17:20 (W6-13594)

Calanus marshallae and Calanus pacificus egg production in relation to environmental
variables in a productive upwelling zone in the northern California Current
Samantha M. Zeman, William Peterson, Jennifer Fisher and Jay Peterson
Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA. E-mail: zemans@oregonstate.edu

Calanus pacificus and Calanus marshallae egg production rates (EPRs) were quantified from in situ incubations
completed in 2001-2016. These data represent a unique time series exploring zooplankton production in a coastal
upwelling zone. EPRs (eggs female-1 day-1) were similar for both Calanus species over years and season. Egg
production was lowest in early summer (19 ± 12 eggs female-1 day-1) and highest (38 ± 16 eggs female-1 day-1) in
April, before the onset of the upwelling season. The summer reduction in EPR for both species reflects a decreasein Calanus density suggesting egg production is density dependent. EPRs were negatively correlated with surface
and deep temperature and positively correlated with oxygen. In transitional months (October and April), nutrient
loads were positively correlated with higher EPRs. Chlorophyll a concentrations were correlated with higher
EPRs, especially in the winter months when primary production was minimal. For Calanus marshallae, summer
EPRs (May-Sept) were correlated with negative PDO years, but local-scale upwelling indices did not explain
enhanced EPRs for either species. The lack of relationship between Calanus egg production and upwelling events
suggests these species are not food limited, but instead the upwelling season, with an accompanying rise in
primary production, creates ample nutrition for optimal egg laying.

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PICES-2018

W7: Diets, consumption, and abundance of marine birds and mammals in
the North Pacific
October 25, 09:10 (W7-13783)

Reconstructed and actual weight of stomach contents of the Steller sea lion to estimate
their food consumption during wintering in Japan
Yoko Goto
Wakkanai Fisheries Research Institute, Hokkaido Research Organization, Wakkanai, Japan. E-mail: goto-yoko@hro.or.jp

Although there is abundant knowledge regarding the diets of Steller sea lions (SSLs), the food consumption ofthese that have migrated to Hokkaido, Japan is still unclear. The population number of these wintering SSLs has
been previously estimated; moreover, recently, the biomass of SSLs based on group composition and energy
intake based on their prey composition are being examined. In the present study, weight of stomach contents ofSSLs were reconstructed by using standard methods. For example, using the formula to determine the relationshipbetween residual fish otolith remained in the stomach contents and their estimated body weight. These collected
SSLs samples were caught by hunting for population control or entangled by fishery during 2005 – 2016. In
addition, the actual weight of undigested stomach contents was measured. The ratio of reconstructed stomach
contents weight against body weight were 2.1±3.8(S.D.)% (N=63, 0.1–28.9) in males, and 3.2±2.4(S.D.) %(N=32,
0.3–11.9) in females. Meanwhile, the ratio of actual weight of stomach contents against body weight were2.4±1.6(S.D.)% (N=42, 0.1–8.8) in males, and 3.2±2.4(S.D.)% (N=32, 0.3–11.9) in females. These values thatwere obtained from free ranging animals, will be helpful for estimating food consumption of SSLs in Hokkaido
during wintering, which is a non-breeding season.

October 25, 09:30 (W7-13484)

Spatial estimation of prey consumption by Bryde’s whales in the western North Pacificduring the summers of 2008 – 2009: Density surface model approach
Hiroko Sasaki1, Tsutomu Tamura2, Takashi Hakamada2, Koji Matsuoka2, Hiroto Murase1 and Toshihide Kitakado3
12
3

National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: hirosasaki@affrc.go.jp
Institute of Cetacean Research, Tokyo, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, JapanThe BIO workshop of PICES 2016 on “Consumption of North Pacific forage species by marine birds andmammals” recommended undertaking detailed analysis of prey consumption of sei, Bryde’s and Minke whales.
To estimate prey consumption in a spatial context, a reliable estimation of spatial abundance as a function ofenvironmental covariates with an appropriate spatiotemporal scale is required. Last year, we applied a density
surface model (DSM) to sighting data of sei whales to estimate abundance in a spatial context. This year, weapplied a DSM to sighting data of Bryde’s whale. The data were obtained in JARPNII conducted in 2008 and2009. The DSM consisted of two levels. At the first level, detection function (probability of detecting a school ofBryde’s whale given its distance from the transect) was modeled with visibility and Beaufort scale as covariates.
Density surface (i.e. spatial abundance estimation) was estimated using a generalized additive model (GAM).
Daily water temperature was used as a covariate of the GAM. The data were derived from an ocean forecast
system developed by the Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency based on the Regional Ocean Modeling
System (FRA-ROMS). Depth was also used as a covariate. As in the previous year, the amount of prey consumed
by individual Bryde’s whales was estimated by GAM using the same environmental covariates mentioned above.
The product of the DSM and individual consumption models yielded the spatial pattern of prey consumption in
the survey area.

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October 25, 09:50 (W7-13597) CANCELLED

Prey consumption by marine mammals and seabirds off northern British Columbia(Canada): Estimates from ecosystem models
Szymon Surma and Tony J. Pitcher
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: s.surma@oceans.ubc.ca

The present study employed mass-balanced ecosystem models built in Ecopath to estimate prey consumption bymarine mammals and seabirds off northern British Columbia (Canada), in the southeastern Gulf of Alaska. Threemodels were constructed representing local ecosystem states existing in 1900, 1950, and currently. Input mammaland seabird biomasses were obtained from field surveys (current model) and surplus production models for large
whales (historical models). Consumption per biomass rates were derived from bioenergetic calculations andempirical rules. Diet compositions were obtained from stomach contents and field observations, adjusted in thehistorical models using relative prey biomasses. Each model produced a consumption estimate for each predatorprey interaction. These yielded total annual consumption per predator, as well as consumption by each predator
as a proportion of total annual prey production. Results suggest that marine mammals are notable consumers
in the northern British Columbia marine ecosystem. Particularly important marine mammal predators currently
include harbor seals (Phoca vitulina), Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), humpback whales (Megaptera
novaeangliae), and several small odontocetes. The current marine mammal guild primarily consumes forage
fish (notably Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii), squid, krill, groundfish, and salmon. Consumption by seabirds
is negligible on an ecosystem scale, consisting mainly of forage fish, krill, and squid. In 1900, unexploited fin
whales consumed notable fractions of forage fish and krill production, as sperm whales did for squid and demersal
fish. With ongoing and future recovery of depleted whale populations, the importance of these large mammals as
consumers will likely continue to rise.

October 25, 10:10 (W7-13608)

Summer prey consumption by three species of seabirds breeding in Japan
Yutaka Watanuki1, Jumpei Okado1, Heya Na1, Maki Yamamoto2
1
2

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: ywata@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Nagaoka University of Technology, Niigata, Japan

Thirty-eight species of seabirds breed at ~160 sites along Japanese archipelago. Among them, Streaked Shearwaters
SKSH Calonectris leucomelas, (>100x104 nests), Black-tailed Gulls BTGU Larus crassirostris (13x104 nests),
and Rhinoceros Auklets RHAU Cerorhinca monocerata (55x104 nests) are most abundant. Population of SKSH
seemed to be stable except one large colony of Mikura Island that recently showed decreasing trend. BTGU
and RHAU showed decreasing and increasing trends, respectively. Using samples collected in 1984 to 2016 for
RHAU, 1984 to 2000 for BTGU at Teuri Island and opportunistic samples from some other colonies of these two
species, 2003 to 2006 for SKSH at Sangan, Milkura and 2010 to 2011 at Awa Islands, we analyzed prey species
brought back to chicks. Published data from other studies were used also. SKSH fed on epipelagic fish including
Japanese anchovy Engraulis japonicus, Pacific Saury Cololabis saira, Bullet tuna Auxis rochei, Sardine Sardinops
melanostictus and Common squid Todarodes pacificus, BTGU on epipelagic fish including sandlance Ammodytes
personatus and Japanese anchovy, and RHAU on epipelagic fish including sandlance, Japanese anchovy, sardine,and juvenile greenling Pleurogrammus azonus. Using the number of birds breeding and diet composition weestimate prey consumption of these species.

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October 25, 11:00 (W7-13661)-Invited

Preliminary estimates of prey consumption by seals and sea lions in the North PacificAndrew W. Trites
Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
E-mail: a.trites@oceans.ubc.ca

Seals and sea lions are an important component of the North Pacific ecosystem that consume many importantcommercials species of fish and invertebrates. Significant increases and decreases have occurred in pinniped
numbers since the 1990s when prey requirements were last estimated (Hunt et al. 2000). However, changes inamounts consumed and the potential impacts on North Pacific ecosystems are unknown. I compiled recent (20102017) dietary information and population estimates in 14 PICES sub-regions for 3 species of otarids (Steller
sea lion, northern fur seal, California sea lion) and 6 species phocids (bearded seal, harbor seal, ribbon seal,
ringed seal, spotted seal, northern elephant seal). I then applied new generalized models based on the cost ofliving for each species (low, medium and high; Trites unpubl. data) to predict the amounts of food that eachconsumed annually by region. Comparing these estimates with those from 25 years earlier shows significant shifts
in amounts of prey consumed that have implications for commercial and recreational fisheries, and well as for
management of marine mammals.

October 25, 11:30 (W7-13438)

Estimation of prey consumption by marine mammals in the PICES regions -Update to
Hunt et al. (2000)
Tsutomu Tamura1, Kenji Konishi1, Koji Matsuoka1 and Takashi Hakamada1 and Andrew W. Trites2
12

Institute of Cetacean Research, 4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0055, Japan. E-mail: tamura@cetacean.jp
Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Hunt et al. (2000) estimated prey consumption for 135 species of seabirds and 47 species of marine mammals
in the PICES region. They estimated energy requirements of sea birds and mammals using simple equations thatscaled energy requirements as a function of body mass. In 2016, S-MBM in PICES recommended that the Hunt etal. (2000) report be updated with data collected over the past 2 decades to answer the overarching question, “howmuch do marine mammals consume.” In this study, the assessment of prey consumption was based on 1) recently
available abundance estimates of cetaceans (after 2000), 2) daily prey consumption rates of cetaceans estimatedby simple models, 3) estimated biomass of cetaceans by use of average body weight and abundance, and 4)composition of prey species of cetaceans. These new results can be used to derive estimates of prey consumption
for species of marine mammal with unknown energy requirements in the North Pacific.

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W8: Taking Stock of Marine Ecosystem Services in the North Pacific—exploring examples and examining methods
October 25, 09:20 (W8-13450)

Study on Eco-compensation Mechanism based on valuation of ecosystem services inmarine protected areas
Chen Keliang, Li Yuliang, Liu Heng
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA, Xiamen, 361005, China. E-mail: klchen@tio.org.cn

Eco-compensation mechanism (EM) plays a critical role in the preparation and operation of marine protected areas(MPAs) which can effectively coordinate the conflict between economic interests and ecological interests in theenvironment protection. Based on the related literatures, the connotation of eco-compensation was summarized;
the fundamentals of eco-compensation mechanism in marine protected areas (EM-MPAs) were introduced; theecosystem services as well as the spatial characteristics of ecosystem services supply and consumption of typical
MPAs were analyzed. Then, according to the related regulations and the result of ecosystem services valuation
analysis of typical MPAs, this paper discussed the subjects, objects and standards of eco-compensation in marine
protected areas. As the result shows, the principles of EM-MPAs should follow the “beneficiary-paying” and“preserver being repaid” principle and encourage ecological protection behavior. The subjects of EM-MPAs areupper governments, and some designated government departments could be the agency of upper government tofulfill the obligations of eco-compensation. The objects of EM-MPAs are local government, local residents and theadministrator of MPAs. The eco-compensation standards for local residents are confirmed based on the value lossof ecosystem services after the establishment of MPAs. The eco-compensation standards for local government andthe administrator of MPAs depend on the increment in spillover value of ecosystem services of MPAs. Througha case study and theoretical analysis, we found the ecosystem services indicators related with eco-compensation
standards of EM-MPAs are only including material supply, waste disposal, climate regulation and recreation.
Finally, financial source, eco-compensation process of EM-MPAs and the credibility of eco-compensation
standards were put forward for further studies.
Keywords: ecological compensation mechanism; marine protected areas; ecosystem services valuation

October 25, 09:40 (W8-13472)

Labor situation of kelp farmers and the change in farming practiceYousuke Fujii
National Fishery University, Shimonoseki, Japan. E-mail: fujii@fish-u.ac.jp

This report states the labor situation of kelp farmers and the change in practice introduced in Fukushima district,
Hokkaido, Japan, in 2018. The new practice involves shipping kelp which had been discarded because of thinning.
This report provides the analysis of the factors that were considered when the new farming practice was introducedin the Fukushima district.
The annual schedule of kelp farming is as follows: November: seeding, December - June: Underwater breeding,July - August: Harvesting, and September - October: Packing and shipping. The number of workers required per
day is 8–20 during the harvesting period, and 1–2 during other periods. Among the workers in the harvest period,
two are family workers, including fishermen, and others are employees. The workers in the other periods are either
fishermen or family workers.
There was no major change in expenses because it was the family workforce that performed the thinning.
Furthermore, there was no need to considerably change the conventional work process to ship thinned kelp. These
are important factors to be considered when establishing new farming practices.
The new practice is adopted between March and May. Before it was introduced, fishermen earned an income only
between September - January. Now, they will be able to earn an income from March until May.
In conclusion, this new approach is effective for the small scale fishers. In this case, fishers could increase theirincome without increasing their labor cost. The balance between cost and profit is important for sustainable
coastal fishery.

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October 25, 10:00 (W8-13664)

Ecological damage assessment of green tide blooms based on double-bounded dichotomous
bias correction model
Jingmei Li and Jingzhu Dan
Ocean University of China , Qingdao China. E-mail: jingmeili66@163.com

The double-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation method is a internationally-recognized method which
can improve the efficiency, but it will also cause anchoring and shift effect. This paper uses Jiaozhou Bay as a
focal area and applies double-bounded dichotomous contingent valuation methods, to evaluate the ecologicaldamage from green tide blooms, based on the data from 813 effective samples obtained from the actual survey in2017 results show the ecological damage cost from green tide blooms in Jiaozhou Bay is 439 million CNY peryear. At the same time, this paper uses heterogeneous anchoring effect model to analyze the determinants of thewillingness-to-pay. The result showed income, level of education and some concerns for green tide blooms havesignificant positive impact on the willingness-to-pay.

October 25, 10:40 (W8-13668) CANCELLED

Integrating values of ecosystem services into decision making in coastal management in
XiamenBenrong Peng
Coastal and Ocean Management Institute (COMI), Xiamen University, Xiamen, China. E-mail: brpeng@xmu.edu.cn

This study presents three concrete case studies of integrating coastal ecosystem services’ value into decisionmaking in Xiamen under the Integrated coastal management (ICM) framework. Xiamen’s experiences show that
integrating the values of ecosystem services into decision making can harmonize coastal economic development,
environmental protection, and local stakeholders’ concern in preserving the ecosystems they depend on. Scientists
play a very important role in integrating the values of ecosystem services into decision making by convincing
policy makers and concerned stakeholders the benefits and costs of development and conservation of ecosystems.
On the other hand, Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) provides the needed operational framework and policy
mechanism for incorporating ecosystem services and their values into decision making, especially in time ofmarket and institutional failure.
Keywords: Integrated coastal management, Ecosystem services, Decision making, Xiamen

October 25, 11:00 (W8-13775)

Challenges and opportunities for using ecosystem service values in NOAA Fisheries
Kristy Wallmo1 and Daniel K. Lew2
1
2

National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD. U.S.A. E-mail: kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov
National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA. U.S.A.

In recent years several U.S. policy directives, including the National Ocean Policy Implementation Plan and the
Executive Memorandum on Incorporating Ecosystem Services into Federal Decision Making, have recognized theneed to include ecosystem service values (ESV) in decision-making. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA) has made progress in broadening its views of marine management to include ESV, thoughchallenges remain. A report on NOAA’s use of ESV from the agency’s Science Advisory Board recognized
several of these challenges. The report noted the fact that “the use of comprehensive ESV (outside of a few
targeted services) is rarely implemented” and identified important challenges including (1) understanding whether
and how ESV is relevant to different decision contexts, and (2) how ESV can be integrated as an organic andcore part of NOAA’s mission. To address these, NOAA Fisheries established an Ecosystem Service Valuation
Working Group, which has undertaken two initial projects: an assessment of the literature on marine ecosystemservice values and a survey of key agency and Fishery Management Council staff to understand their preferences
towards the use of ESV in research and management. This paper will present on the latter project, focusing on the146PICES-2018
survey evelopment and implementation process, the key areas and questions contained in the survey instrument,
and, potentially, preliminary results. We anticipate that, even without results, the presentation will generate lively
discussion among participants that may reveal common barriers and challenges related to ecosystem service
values and valuation in marine research and management.

October 25, 11:20 (W8-13654)

Marine ecosystem service values and valuation in the U.S.: An Assessment of the literature
through the lens of recent best practice guidelines
Daniel K. Lew1, Leif Anderson2, Doug Lipton3, Tammy Murphy4, and Kristy Wallmo3
1
2
3
4

NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: Dan.Lew@noaa.gov
NOAA Fisheries, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
NOAA Fisheries, Office of Science and Technology, Silver Spring, MD, USA
NOAA Fisheries, Northeast Fisheries Science Center, Woods Hole, MA, USA

In the U.S., there is momentum building towards increasing usage of ecosystem-based management (EBM)
approaches, which require understanding the multiplicity of ecosystem goods and services and how they affectand are affected by human users of the environment. To assess the trade-offs involved between competing users
and components of an ecosystem, which are at the core of an EBM framework, decision-makers often need
information on the economic value and preferences users have for ecosystem goods and services. Numerous
ecosystem service values provided by marine environments have been measured using stated preference (SP)valuation approaches. In this presentation, we review the literature on U.S. marine ecosystem service values
that employ SP methods and evaluate it with respect to a recent best practices guidance to identify weaknesses
and strengths of the accumulated studies. Our focus is on U.S. studies for ecosystem service values of mostsignificance to federal fisheries management, and we identify numerous gaps in the literature and challenges tovaluing marine ecosystem services, as well as discuss several areas for potential improvement and inquiry.

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Posters

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S1: Toward integrated understanding of ecosystem variability in the North
Pacific
S1-P1 (13339)

The decomposition of wind-forced upwelling variability in the California Current though
the application of cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions
Lev B. Looney1, Ryan R. Rykaczewski1, and Benjamin Hamlington2
1
2

University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA. E-mail: llooney@email.sc.edu
NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), Pasadena, CA, USA.

The intensity, seasonality, and location of winds in eastern boundary current systems are critical factors influencing
ecosystem processes. Interannual variability in upwelling is influenced, in part, by large-scale ocean-atmosphereprocesses, both locally and remotely. Anomalies in upwelling-favorable winds have been associated with different
modes of atmospheric variability, such as with El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation andother lower-frequency atmospheric patterns. Here, we used cyclostationary empirical orthogonal functions toinvestigate how different climatic fluctuations might influence the seasonal timing, location, and magnitude ofthese winds in the California Current Upwelling System. Estimates of upwelling were derived from data provided
by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Japanese Meteorological Association. We
compare our results with those of earlier researchers who have taken different analytical approaches. A majoradvantage our technique has is the ability to look at the spatial anomalies in winds throughout the seasonal cycle.
In general, our findings are consistent with previous analyses investigating the relationship between large-scale
climate conditions and upwelling winds, but the approach we applied offers some new perspectives. In the North
Pacific, both El Niño-Southern Oscillation events and lower-frequency atmospheric variability are correlatedwith modifications in upwelling. Our study suggests that this correlation results from modulations of the seasonal
cycle and intensity of winds, both of which are dependent on location. Understanding the relationships between
climate processes and upwelling-favorable winds is crucial to accurately forecast the responses of these importantbiological communities with an ever-changing climate.

S1-P2 (13369)

The importance of peak river flow timing to copepod abundance in the Fraser River
Estuary, Canada
Joanne K. Breckenridge1 and Evgeny A. Pakhomov1, 2
1
2

University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. E-Mail: jbrecken@eoas.ubc.ca
Hakai Institute, Heriot Bay, Canada

The seasonal delivery of freshwater to estuaries is changing, particularly for snowmelt-dominated systems. Earlier
peak river discharge and increasing temperatures can affect production, population dynamics, and seasonality ofestuarine zooplankton, shifting or abbreviating their temporal distribution relative to those of prey and predators.
These changes would result in an altered feeding landscape for planktivorous fishes and could favour the successof non-indigenous taxa. The annual hydrograph of the Fraser River, Canada, is characterized by a large latespring peak in discharge (the freshet) that is predicted to occur earlier as the local climate warms and snowmelt
occurs earlier. Despite being among the most productive salmon and forage fish bearing rivers in the world,
the zooplankton in the Fraser River Estuary (FRE) remain largely unstudied. To describe copepod dynamics inthe estuary, we conducted twice-monthly sampling of zooplankton and associated environmental variables from
August 2013 to May 2016. We observed large decreases (> 60%) in copepod abundances during the freshet,which suggests that the resulting low water residence times effectively terminated the spring growth period in theestuary. Earlier snowmelt would therefore result in a narrower spring growth period and reduced reproductive
capacity in the estuary, leading to lower food resources for planktivorous fishes. Our research in the Fraser River
Estuary enhances the understanding of zooplankton dynamics in estuaries with snowmelt-dominated basins andincreases our ability to predict ecosystem responses to climate change.

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S1-P4 (13669)

Capabilities of remote monitoring systems for assessing the state of marine ecosystems
Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan1 and Sergey M. Shapovalov2
1
2

Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: ferd47@mail.ru
Shirshov Institute of Oceanology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

Recently, work on methodical and hardware support of remote environmental studies has been intensively carriedout. Methods and algorithms for computer analysis of two-dimensional images of the earth’s surface are being
developed. Work is underway to build models for the formation of these two-dimensional fields and problems ofclassification of phenomena and analysis of images in the space under study are solved.
From a practical point of view, it is important to synthesize an integrated system for collecting and processing
information about the environment, which combines remote and contact measurements that form the basis ofremote monitoring systems.
These systems the important place is occupied with the systems focused on studying of marine systems. The
technique of detection offered in given work and identification of the abnormal phenomena in the marine
environment combines presence with application of possibilities of remote measurements algorithmic and thesoftware, allowing to solve measurement and detection problems in real time.
In this paper presented, a remote monitoring system for detecting anomalies on the sea surface is considered.
Its block diagram is analyzed, which consists of a Holder, Resolver and Searcher. Estimates of the effectivenessof a multichannel solver are obtained. As an informative sign of waiting for the detection of anomalies on thesea surface, a model of the “spotting” of the surveyed surface was developed on the basis of empirical data. The
experimental verification of the effectiveness of the algorithms considered is based on data from the Kosmos-1500
satellite for the North Pacific regions.

S1-P5 (13670)

About an adaptive optical technology for monitoring aquatic ecosystem
Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan, Vladimir F. Krapivin and Vladimir V. Klimov
Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: ferd47@mail.ru

Unlike the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, the visible range is used more efficiently in water
body monitoring systems. This is due to the fact that the energy of solar radiation or artificial light fluxes interacts
intensely with the aqueous medium. Different parts of the spectrum of solar radiation are absorbed by water indifferent ways. The minimum of light absorption is observed at a wavelength of 470 nm, in the blue part of thespectrum, whose energy is halved already at a depth of 47 m.
Ellipsometry refers to optical technologies that use a change in the polarization of the light flux when it is reflectedfrom a surface or refracted during a passage through a liquid. In this paper, an adaptive optical instrumentalinformation system for the diagnostics of water systems is provided. The system consists of a spectrophotometerand a spectroellipsometer, an information interface, a set of algorithms for identifying spectral images, a databaseof spectral standards, algorithms for solving inverse problems of spectrophotometry, spectroellipsometry, andan algorithm for learning the recognition of spectral images. The system can be used by water supply services
when solving problems of operative diagnostics of the quality of natural, drinking and waste water. The modern
manufacturing capabilities of many companies engaged in the manufacture of laser technology, can make thissystem in the form of an autonomous device with its installation in the sewage channel. The system can also be
implemented as a portable device with the help of which the operator can perform real-time control of the qualityof water resources without taking samples and conducting chemical analyzes in the laboratory.

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S1-P6 (13710)

Newly discovered role of heterotrophic nanoflagellate Katablepharis japonica, a predatorof toxic or harmful dinoflagellates and raphidophytes and its interactions with common
heterotrophic protists
So Jin Kim1, Hae Jin Jeong1, 2 and Se Hyeon Jang1
1
2

Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. E-mail: hjjeong@snu.ac.kr
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea.

Heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNFs) are ubiquitous and known to be major predators of bacteria, however, thefeeding of HNFs on phytoplankton is poorly understood, although these two components usually co-exist. To
investigate the feeding and ecological roles of major heterotrophic nanoflagellates Katablepharis spp., the feedingability of Katablepharis japonica on bacteria and phytoplankton species and the type of the prey that K. japonica canfeed on were explored. Furthermore, the growth and ingestion rates of K. japonica of the dinoflagellate Akashiwo
sanguinea, heterotrophic bacteria, and the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp., as a function of prey concentration
were determined. A. sanguinea supported positive growth of K. japonica, but neither heterotrophic bacteria nor
Synechococcus sp. supported growth. Consequently, K. japonica is a predator of diverse phytoplankton, including
toxic or harmful algae, and may also affect the dynamics of red tides caused by these prey species. However, if
there are effective predators feeding on K. japonica, its effect on red-tide dynamics may be reduced. To investigate
potential effective protist predators of K. japonica, feeding by the heterotrophic dinoflagellates and the naked
ciliates on K. japonica was explored. None of these heterotrophic protists fed on actively swimming K. japonica
was found. Our findings suggest that the effect of predation by heterotrophic protists on K. japonica might benegligible. Thus, the effect of grazing by K. japonica on populations of red-tide species may not be reduced bymortality due to predation by protists.

S1-P7 (13711)

Ichthyotoxic Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides offshore in the South Sea, Korea in
2014: Temporal variations in three-dimensional distributions of red-tide organisms andenvironmental factors
Hae Jin Jeong1, 2, Se Hyeon Jang1 and So Jin Kim1
1
2

Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. E-mail: hjjeong@snu.ac.kr
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Korea

The Cochlodinium polykrikoides red tides have caused great economic losses in the aquaculture industry
in the Korea and other countries. To explore the processes of Cochlodinium red tides, red tide organisms andenvironmental parameters were investigated from May to Nov, 2014 in the South Sea of Korea. The Cochlodinium
patches were observed from Aug 21 until Oct 9. Prior to the occurrence of large C. polykrikoides red tides, thephototrophic dinoflagellates Prorocentrum donghaiense, Ceratium furca, and Alexandrium fraterculus formed
red tides in sequence, and diatom red tides 2–3 times. The sequence of the maximum growth rates of red tide
species may be responsible for the red tides in the inner stations following high nutrients input in the surface
waters because of heavy rains. Furthermore, Cochlodinium red tides formed and persisted at the outer stations
when NO3 concentrations of the surface waters were <2 μM and thermocline depths were >20 m with the retreatof deep cold waters. The sequence of the maximum swimming speeds and thus potential reachable depths may be
responsible for the C. polykrikoides red tides. Thus, C. polykrikoidess is likely to outgrow over the competitors
at the outer stations by taking nutrients up from deep cold waters. Thus, to predict the process of Cochlodinium
red tides, temporal variations in 3-D distributions of red tide organisms and environmental parameters showing
major nutrient sources, formation and depth of thermoclines, intrusion and retreat of deep cold waters, and theabundance of competing red tide species should be well understood.

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S1-P8 (13762)

Effects of fishing and environmental change on the ecosystem of the Bohai Sea
Qun Lin1, Jun Wang1, Wei Yuan1, Zhenhua Fan2 and Xianshi Jin1
1

2

Key Laboratory for Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries
Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China. E-mail: jin@ysfri.ac.cn
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin 300171, China

Using a 1982 model of the Bohai Sea as the starting state, an Ecosim model was constructed for the Bohai Sea,
including the 17 functional groups. Using time series of catch per unit effort (CPUE) and relative fishing effort as
the driving factors, this model simulated the dynamic changes in the different developmental stages of the Bohai
Sea ecosystem and the impact of fishing on this ecosystem. The effects of climate change on the fishery resourcesof the Bohai Sea ecosystem were analyzed based on the environmental time series data. From 1982 to 2008, thebiomass of Oratosquilla oratoria showed an increasing trend, the biomasses of some species of high economic
value showed decreasing trends, including Pseudosciaena polyactis, Scomberomorus niphonius, Engraulisjaponicus, Lateolabrax japonicus, and Setipinna taty, and the biomasses of shrimp, crabs, and cephalopods
were relatively stable. The mean trophic level of the catch clearly decreased from 1982 to 2008, and correlated
significantly negatively with the total catch. The fishing-in-balance (FIB) index followed the same trends as thetotal catch, increasing after 1984. The Q-90 diversity index fluctuated slightly from 1982 to 1987, maintaininga growth trend in 1988-1994, followed by a rapid decline after 1994, from 2.5 to around 0.5, and the fishingbiodiversity decreased. The surface salinity, surface temperature, and Yellow River runoff significantly affected
the fishing production in the Bohai Sea. Fishing and environmental changes were the main factors affecting thechanges in the fishery resources in the Bohai Sea ecosystem.

S1-P9 (13789)

Fish condition and implications for recruitment in the Northeast PacificJennifer L. Boldt1, Christopher N. Rooper2, Gerald Hoff2, Robyn Forrest1, Keith Bosley3
12
3

Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada. E-mail: Jennifer.Boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA
National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Newport, OR, USA

Ecosystem responses to climate change vary across space and time in the North Pacific. Increasing watertemperatures and changes in lower trophic level productivity have implications for fish growth on both regionaland basin scales. Responses of fish growth to environmental drivers can be examined by comparing fish condition
over time and space. Fish condition, measured as length-weight residuals, is an indicator of somatic growthand ecosystem productivity, and a fish’s condition has implications for its survival and recruitment. Condition
was compared among fish species and ecosystems in the Northeast Pacific - from the Bering Sea to the northern
California Current. For example, in the Eastern Bering Sea, there has been a negative trend in Pacific cod condition
since 2003, and age 2+ walleye Pollock condition in 2017 was the second lowest on record. For most species,
condition metrics varied over space and time. Fish were generally in better condition on the outer shelf, compared
to shallower regions. There is an absence of consistent trends within species among different areas, but within an
area, condition often is observed to change in synchrony among species, suggesting that local conditions might bedriving observed patterns for multiple species.

153

PICES-2018

S2: Fish production through food web dynamics in the boundary current
systems
S2-P1 (13285)

Trophic sources and links of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio based onstable isotope ratios
Kanako Saito1, Toru Kobari1, Maharu Shinyashiki1, Gen Kume1, Minoru Kitamura2, Maki Aita-Noguchi2, Fujio
Hyodo3, Hiroomi Miyamoto4 and Yuji Okazaki4
1

2
3
4

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: k3131095@kadai.jp
Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan

Food availability to support survival of early life stages is crucial for many migratory fishes reproducing andrecruiting around the Kuroshio. Microbial food web in the Kuroshio has been believed to be predominant due tooligotrophic conditions, but there is limited information on structure and trophodynamics of plankton food web.
Here, we characterize trophic sources and links of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio based on carbon(δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope ratios. Similar positive slopes of regression lines were found for a scatter
diagram on δ15N to δ13C of mesozooplankton community among the different sites in the Kuroshio, while relative
ratios of δ15N to δ13C were low for mesozooplankton community at southern or offshore sites. The δ15N and δ13C ofcolony-forming diatoms and cyanobacteria were apart from the scatter diagram of δ15N to δ13C for potential preyof mesozooplankton community in the Kuroshio. Fish larvae appearing in the Kuroshio demonstrated the high
δ15N and δ13C along the regression lines on scatter diagram of δ15N to δ13C for the mesozooplankton community.
The δ15N and δ13C of their potential prey were similar to those of small copepods like Paracalanus, Temora,Clausocalanus and Oncaea copepods. These results suggest that large phytoplankton is minor as a trophic sourceof mesozooplankton community in the Kuroshio and major prey items of fish larvae are small copepods.

S2-P2 (13286)

Trophic sources and linkages of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the Kuroshio basedon metabarcoding analysis
Ibuki Sato1, Toru Kobari1, Shohei Yoshinaga2, Gen Kume1 and Junya Hirai3
1

2
3

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: k9806521@kadai.jp
Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan

Trophic sources and linkages to support survival of early life stages is important for many migratory fishes
reproducing and recruiting around the oligotrophic Kuroshio. Due to the high biodiversity of plankton communityand no practical methodology, however, there is limited information on structure and trophodynamics of plankton
food web in the Kuroshio. Here, we explore trophic sources and linkages of mesozooplankton and fish larvae in
the Kuroshio and its neighboring sites based on their gut contents using metabarcoding analysis. Dinoflagellates,
diatoms, radiolarians and fungi were found for gut contents of the particle-feeding copepods and appendicularians.
These gut contents demonstrated the regional patterns, large contribution of fungi at the coastal sites andradiolarians at the offshore of the Kuroshio path. Major food items of the fish larvae were particle-feeding calanoid
copepods including Calanidae, Clausocalanidae, Eucalanidae, Metrididae and Paracalanidae. While Calanidae
and Eucalanidae similarly contributed to their gut contents at the coastal sites, Clausocalanidae and Eucalanidae
demonstrated large contributions in the Kuroshio. Prey-predator maps based on their gut contents suggest thatdinoflagellates, fungi and appendicularians are major trophic sources and calanoid copepods are an important
linkage for trophodynamics to fish larvae.

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S2-P3 (13290)

Mesozooplankton feeding on phytoplankton and protozoans in the Kuroshio
Fukutaro Karu1, Toru Kobari2, Taiga Honma1, Takeru Kanayama1 and Gen Kume2
1
2

Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. E-mail: k3131095@kadai.jp
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan

Many migratory fishes reproducing and recruiting around the Kuroshio risk encountering low food availability
under the oligotrophic conditions. While mesozooplankton standing stocks and productivity equivalent to thecontinental shelf have been found in the Kuroshio path, there is limited information on trophic source and links tosupport mesozooplankton community and fish larvae. Here, we evaluate mesozooplankton feeding on protists byremoval bottle experiments in the ECS-Kuroshio. Throughout the study sites across the continental shelf, Kuroshio
path and outside, pico- and nanophytoplankton dominated total chlorophyll a concentrations and calanoids andpoecilostomatoids composed more than 60% of mesozooplankton biomass. Athecate flagellates, naked ciliates
and tintinnids were declined in the bottles with mesozooplankton after the incubations, indicating major fooditems. Mesozooplankton clearance rates on size-fractionated chlorophyll a were significantly positive for nanoautotrophs (-1~109 ml µgC-1 day-1) and negative for micro-autotrophs (-121~9 ml µgC-1 day-1), but demonstrated
a significantly positive correlation to in situ chlorophyll-a. These results suggest that trophic cascading effects ofmesozooplankton feeding on nano-autotrophs and ciliates enhance increase of micro-autotrophs by the redundantnutrients and decline of pico-autotrophs by protozoan predation. Therefore, pico-autotrophs through ciliates andnano-autotrophs to copepods are likely major trophic links to support mesozooplankton standing stocks andproductivity in the ECS-Kuroshio.

S2-P4 (13291)

Impact of microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton community in the Kuroshio: A
major trophic pathway of plankton food web
Takeru Kanayama1, Toru Kobari2, Taiga Honma1, Fukutaro Karu1 and Gen Kume2
1
2

Aquatic Sciences, Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan. E-mail: k7147399@kadai.jp.
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan

Many migratory fishes spend their vulnerable life stages even under low food availability in the oligotrophic
Kuroshio. Whereas microbial food web has been known as a major trophic pathway in the North Pacific
Subtropical Gyre, there is limited knowledge on trophodynamics of plankton food web including fish larvaein the Kuroshio of the East China Sea (ECS-Kuroshio). Here, we evaluate microzooplankton grazing impacts
on phytoplankton community using dilution technique in the ECS-Kuroshio. Based on the size fractionatedchlorophyll-a concentrations, phytoplankton community was dominated by pico- to nano-autotrophs.
Phytoplankton growths were ranged from 0.46 to 1.07 day-1 and limited under low nutrients in the Kuroshio pathand the offshore sites. Naked ciliates were the most predominant among microzooplankton biomass throughout
the stations. Microzooplankton grazing rates were higher for nano-autotrophs (0.28~1.45 day-1) compared withthose for pico- (0.18~1.06 day-1) and micro-autotrophs (0.06~0.91 day-1). Grazing impacts of microzooplankton
on phytoplankton community were equivalent to 41 to 122% of primary production and independent on in situ
chlorophyll-a. These results suggest that pico- and nano-autotrophs to ciliates is a major trophic pathway inplankton food web and support trophodynamics to mesozooplankton and fish larvae in the ECS-Kuroshio.

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S2-P5 (13304)

Using topological network to identify keystone species in the food web of Haizhou Bay,
China
Jiaying Wu1, Ying Xue1, Haozhi Sui1, Binduo Xu1, Chongliang Zhang1 and Yiping Ren1, 2
12

Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. E-mail: xueying@ouc.edu.cn
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology, Qingdao, China

Keystone species play a critical role in building community-based organizations and ecosystem functions byinteracting directly and/or indirectly with other species. Studies on the keystone species will contribute to theunderstanding of community stability, biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem degradation mechanism. Basedon the survey data collected from five bottom trawl surveys in Haizhou Bay and adjacent waters in 2011, thetopological network was constructed according to the predator-prey relationships of species in the food web.
The topological network was analyzed to calculate 11 topological indices of the network to identify the keystone
species, and the removal analysis was carried out to examine the impacts of keystone species extinction on thefood web. The Kendall rank correlation analysis of these 11 indices showed that there were significant correlations
between most pair of these indices (P˂0.05). According to the result of principal component analysis of all these
indices, several species such as Leptochela gracilis, Loligo sp., Larimichthys polyactis, Alpheus japonicus, andOratosquilla oratoria were identified as keystone species in the Haizhou Bay food web. The removal analysis
suggested that the absence of keystone species may have great impacts on the complexity and stability of food
web in Haizhou Bay. It is necessary to be given priority to protect keystone species.

S2-P6 (13328)

The influence of sporadic oceanic water inflow into Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan onlarval fish assemblage
Kei Nakaya1, Gen Kume1, Toru Kobari1, Tsutomu Takeda1, Mutsuo Ichinomiya2 and Tomohiro Komorita2
1

2

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: k5853889@kadai.jp
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan

Larval fish assemblages are typically different between the inner and outer parts of Kagoshima Bay, southern
Japan throughout the year. Meanwhile, the oceanic water sporadically inflows into Kagoshima Bay during thewinter and spring months. In the present study, we clarify how the larval fish assemblage in Kagoshima Bay is
influenced by the sporadic oceanic water inflow. The contour figures of water temperature and salinity indicatedthat the oceanic water, which is characterized by high water temperature and salinity, intruded into the middle
part of the bay on 7-9 January 2017. In the survey, a total of 2,024 larvae were collected. Clupeiformes spp.,
Lampanyctinae spp., Champsodon spp., Notoscopelus japonicus, Myctophidae spp., Triglidae spp., Myctophum
asperum, Diaphus spp., Bregmaceros sp. and Lipolagus ochotensis were dominant species groups in decreasingorder of number. Champsodon spp., Myctophum asperum, Notoscopelus japonicas and Lipolagus ochotensis are
typically dominant species groups in the outer part of the bay, suggesting that these larvae would have beentransported into the inner part from the outer part of the bay by the sporadic event.

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S2-P7 (13333)

Feeding habits of larval fish in the mouth of Kagoshima Bay, southern Japan
Hiroumi Kuroda1, Gen Kume1, Toru Kobari1, Tsutomu Takeda1, Mutsuo Ichinomiya2, Tomohiro Komorita2, Junya
Hirai3, Maki Aita-Noguchi4 and Fujio Hyodo5
1

2
3
4
5

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: k0385632@kadai.jp
Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, Kumamoto, Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

In the mouth of Kagoshima Bay where is physically and biologically affected by the Kuroshio, larval mesopelagic
fish are abundantly co-occurring with larvae of fishery-targeting small pelagic fish. In the present study, we
examined the diet of larval small pelagic (Engraulis japonicus, Trachurus japonicus), coastal (Sebastiscus spp.,
Triglidae spp.) and mesopelagic species (Sigmops gracilis, Myctophum asperum), which are dominant species
in winter and spring months in the subject area, and explored the possibility of competition for prey resourcesamong species groups. Based on the morphological and DNA meta-barcoding analysis for gut contents, main
prey species were calanoid copepods for all six species groups. Larvae of T. japonicus fed actively on Oithonidae
and Oncaeidae spp. as well as calanoid copepods. Appendicularians were substantially found in the gut of larval
S. gracilis and M. asperum as well as calanoid copepods. The stable-isotope analysis showed that δ13C valuesof appendicularians were lower than those of copepods. δ13C values of larval S. gracilis and M. asperum, which
fed on appendicularians more frequently than other fish species, were also somewhat lower than those of otherspecies. On the other hand, the values of δ13C and δ15N were not clearly different among the five species groups
except for Triglidae spp., suggesting that interspecific competition for prey species would be occurring amongthem.

S2-P8 (13334)

The assemblages and feeding habits of larval fish in the Kuroshio and the adjacent waters,southern Japan
Shohei Yoshinaga1, Gen Kume1, Kaori Yamanoue1, Norika Tanonaka1, Toru Kobari1, Junya Hirai2, Maki AitaNoguchi3 and Fujio Hyodo4
1

2
3
4

Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan
E-mail: k9191678@kadai.jp
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Chiba, Japan
Research and Development Center for Global Change, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan
Research Core for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan

In the present study, we elucidate how the Kuroshio spatially influence larval fish assemblages in the Satsunan
area, southern Japan and clarify feeding habits of dominant larval fish species in the Kuroshio and the adjacentwaters to understand the plankton food web in the subject area. In the survey, 3,218 larvae were collected, 48.7%
of which were mesopelagic fish. Sigmops gracilis, Cyclothone alba and Cyclothone spp. were dominant species
groups in decreasing order of number. Larval fish assemblages were classified into six groups: sea shelf 1, sea
shelf 2, inner part of Kuroshio (< 300 m), Kuroshio (< 300 m), outer part of the Kuroshio (< 300 m), deep layer(> 300 m). For S. gracilis and C. alba which were most dominant species in the shallow (< 300 m) and deep (>300 m) layers in the Kuroshio and the adjacent waters, respectively, we examined the diet of both species using
the morphological and DNA meta-barcoding analysis for gut contents and the stable-isotope analysis for larvae.
The main prey items of C. alba were copepods and their diet composition was not different between the survey
stations. On the other hand, main prey items of S. gracilis were copepods and appendicularians and the importanceof the latter was increasing in the Kuroshio and the outer part of the Kuroshio. Our results indicated that the
microbial loop would play more important role in the plankton food web of the Kuroshio and the outer part of theKuroshio.

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S2-P9 (13417)

Dense occurrence of Fritillaria pellucida (Appendicularia:Fritillaridae) around theKuroshio
Kiyotaka Hidaka1, Takashi Setou1, Atsushi Nishimoto1, Tadafumi Ichikawa1 and Hiroya Sugisaki2
1

2

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: khidaka@affrc.go.jp
Research Management Department, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan

We investigated the seasonal variation, vertical distribution and reproductive condition of Fritillaria pellucida
population, one of the dominant appendicularian species around Japan. Abundance of F. pellucida has neverexceeded 500 inds m-2 in the south of the Kuroshio except in August, when the abundance was below 1000 inds
m-2. High abundance was observed in the Kuroshio area to the coast of Honshu Island, where abundance of >1000
inds m-2 was often observed in March to May. More than 60% of the F. pellucida was distributed in 0-50 m,
suggesting that the species utilizes the spring phytoplankton bloom in the surface layer for growth and spatiallyco-exists with the larva and juveniles of pelagic fishes like sardine, anchovy or mackerel. In transect observation
across the Kuroshio at longitude of 138˚E, F. pellucida was observed to form several populations that can berecognized from body size and reproductive condition. In the April 2012, a population of semi-mature individualsof 0.5–1.0 TL (trunk length) was occurred from the coast to 34˚N, that of mature individuals of 1.0–1.75 TL
from 34˚N to the Kuroshio axis, and that of immature individuals of <0.75 TL in the south of the Kuroshio. The
population structure suggests that the individuals of F. pellucida were not belonged to genuine single population.
Considering that the Kuroshio flows across the transect, population around the Kuroshio was suggested to have its
source in the upstream region of the Kuroshio.

S2-P10 (13441)

Numerical experiments using a coupled physical–biochemical ocean model to study the
Kuroshio-induced nutrient supply on the shelf and slope region south of Japan: Casestudy of Tosa Bay facing the Kuroshio
Hiroshi Kuroda1,2, Akinori Takasuka2, Yuichi Hirota2, Taketoshi Kodama3, Tadafumi Ichikawa2, Daisuke
Takahashi4, Kazuhiro Aoki2 and Takashi Setou2
1

2
3
4

Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan.
E-mail: kurocan@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, Shizuoka, Shizuoka, Japan.

We developed a triply nested 1/50° ocean model coupled with a lower trophic level ecosystem model and conductednumerical experiments to identify the major processes that supply nutrients on the shelf and slope region northof the Kuroshio. Tosa Bay facing the Kuroshio, was selected for our experiment. Comparisons of numericalsimulations using different grid sizes revealed that a grid size of no larger than 1/50° was essential to reproduce
a time-independent density structure related to the Kuroshio jet that uplifted nitrate from subsurface waters into
the euphotic zone north of the Kuroshio front. The monthly mean budget of nitrate within the euphotic zone on
the shelf showed that primary production was nearly balanced by physical advection and biochemical supplyof nitrate via mechanisms such as remineralization of detritus. Eddy advection of nitrate based on Reynolds
decomposition, attributable primarily to submesoscale variations, had both positive and negative values within
the bay, the indication being that eddy advection functioned regionally to supply or remove nitrate. Lagrangianparticle-tracking experiments were performed to examine the major pathways of the nitrate used for primary
production in Tosa Bay during the summer, when subsurface maxima of primary production typically appeared.
The experiments revealed that when the Kuroshio took a stable nearshore path, nitrate was frequently upliftedaround the Kuroshio front and horizontally transported along the front and into the bay via the counterclockwise
circulation within the bay.

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S2-P11 (13452)

Dietary patterns of walleye pollock, Gadus chalcogramma inhabiting the East/Japan Sea:
the influences of water depth, fish size and season
Joo Myun Park, Hae Kun Jung and Chung Il Lee
Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, South Korea. E-mail: joomyun@gmail.com

A dietary analysis is a key to understanding the prey choice and the niche breadth of a predator’s diet, which
ultimately identifies the functional role of the predators in an ecosystem. Dietary patterns for walleye pollock,
Gadus chalcogramma collected monthly between 2016 and 2017 in the middle coast of the East/Japan Sea, Korea,
were examined for the presence of such dietary niche and influences of potential predictors. Based on stomach
content analyses, walleye pollock was shown to be bottom feeding carnivores that consumed mainly benthic
crustaceans (particularly carid shrimps and euphausiids) and teleosts, with cephalopods also being importantin the diets of the larger individuals. The most frequently observed prey species were Euphausia pacifica(euphausiids), Themisto japonicus (amphipods), Pandalus borealis (carids), Watasenia scintillans (cephalopods)
and Bothrocara hollandi (teleosts). Dietary pattern analyses based on gravimetric contributions of different preytaxa to the stomach contents revealed significant differences in dietary composition in relation to fish size andwater depth, implying dietary segregations. Euphausiids dominated the diets of smaller individuals, whereas thecontributions of carid shrimps, teleosts and cephalopods increased as body size increased. Similarly, the latter
prey items were dominant food resources as habitat gradually deeper. Spatio-temporal and size-related changes in
dietary composition were each significant for the species, but there were no two- or three-way interactions among
factors, excepting size-depth interaction. The coupling effect of size and depth is indicative depth dependent
differences of size distribution. Seasonal and interannual variations in water column structures were also evident
among seasons, which may in part account for diet seasonality observed from the stomach content analysis.

S2-P12 (13478)

Distribution characteristics of primary feed in typical oceanic ranches and its response to
the environmental changes
Xiaoke Hu1, Caixia Wang1, 2, Yibo Wang1,2 and Pengyuan Liu1,2
1

2

Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Yantai 264003, China. E-mail: xkhu@yic.ac.cn
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Bohai sea is an important spawning and breeding ground for developing fishery. However, it has been greatly
affected by the intensification of human activities and changes in the environment. To study the primary
productivity and feeding needs in the habitat of fishery population in early life history, and elucidate the long-termchanging characteristics of primary productivity, we conducted a survey on the spatial and temporal distribution ofphytoplankton and zooplankton diversity in the Bohai Sea. We found that the abundance of phytoplankton ranged
from 12.09 cells/L to 9526.73 cells/L, and it presented a higher trend near the coastal area, a lower trend in the centerof the Bohai Sea. The dominant species in the Bohai Sea are mainly about Pesudo-nitzschia pungens, Chaetocerossp., Thalassionema frauenfeldii, Paralia sulcata and Noctiluca scientillans. There was a significant correlation
between the abundance and sunlight, temperature and nutrients. For the distribution of zooplankton, we found thatthe biomass and species diversity of zooplankton in the northeast of Bohai bay were significantly higher than thatin other areas. Among them, the species that cause big difference mainly include Oithona similis, Centropages
mcmurrichi, Calanus sinicus, Oithona similis and Nauplius larva. It was found that water temperature and depth
play an important role in controlling the abundance of zooplankton. Our research will provide theoretical basis forthe comprehensive survey and observation of biological resources and environmental ecology in the Bohai sea.
Key words: Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, Primary feed, Oceanic ranches

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S2-P13 (13541)

Effects of photophysiology and chlorophyll a abundance on phytoplankton group-specificprimary production in Japanese waters using remote sensing
Takafumi Hirata and Koji Suzuki
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. E-mail: tahi@ees.hokudai.ac.jp

To evaluate variability in the group-specific primary production of diatoms, haptophytes and cyanobacteria inJapanese waters, a novel satellite observation methodology using the SeaStar/SeaWiFS satellite instrument wasdeveloped. The results obtained from this technique showed that the derived quantum yield index for primary
production was higher for diatoms than haptophytes and cyanobacteria in the region. Furthermore, intraspecificvariation in the quantum yield index emerged as a latitudinal gradient: the quantum yield index of cyanobacteria
increased towards higher latitudes. The group-specific primary production showed that the regional climatological
average of 134, 72 and 40 mg C m–2 day–1 for diatoms, haptophytes and cyanobacteria, respectively. A comparison
among variability of the group-specific primary production, the quantum yield index, and the absorption coefficient
suggested that variability in the primary production due to diatoms was mainly driven by variability in theirabundance rather than their photophysiology, whereas that due to cyanobacteria was by their photophysiology
rather than their abundance. Variability in the primary production due to haptophytes was seasonally regulated byboth abundance and photophysiology.

S2-P14 (13555)

Distribution, reproduction, and feeding of Symbolophorus californiensis (Teleostei:
Myctophidae) mature adults in the Kuroshio region during late winter: Evidence of asouthward spawning migration
Chiyuki Sassa1 and Takasuka Akinori2
1

2

Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 8512213, Japan. E-mail: csassa@fra.affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648, Japan

Symbolophorus californiensis is a typical trans-Pacific transitional water myctophid, occurring from off Japan toNorth America, and is one of the dominant mesopelagic fishes in the transition region of the western North Pacific.
This species has been considered to spawn in the warm southern part of the transition region during early spring.
This study firstly reports the occurrence of mature adults of S. californiensis (89.7–118.5 mm standard length)
in the Kuroshio region, south of the transition region, during late winter, based on 111 specimens (1.56:1 F:M)
collected in the surface layer at night. More than 30% of females had ovaries containing migratory nucleus oocytes
or postovulatory follicles, suggesting that spawning occurred in the Kuroshio region. They would spawn multiple
batches in a spawning season (i.e., multiple spawners), with a spawning frequency of approximately 3 days andmean relative batch fecundity of 505 eggs g-1. Stomach content analysis revealed that S. californiensis adults
feed actively during the spawning season, showing characteristics of multiple spawners. The nighttime ration
was estimated to be 1.4–3.0% of the myctophid body dry weight. They predated heavily on copepods (mainly
Candacia bipinnata and Calanus sinicus) and euphausiids (mainly Euphausia similis). Our study suggests that atleast a part of the S. californiensis adult population undergoes a southward spawning migration from the feeding
ground in the northern part of the transition region to the Kuroshio region during late winter. Such a migration of
myctophids would potentially contribute to the energy flow between these adjacent ecosystems.

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S2-P15 (13696)

Relationship between abundance of young-of-the-year black sea bream Acanthopagrus
schlegelii and eelgrass bed Zostera marina vegetation in central Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Kentaro Note, Kentaro Yoshikawa and Jun Shoji
Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan. E-mail: m183163@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

The black sea bream Acanthopagrus schlegelii is widely distributed in coastal waters of western North Pacificand is as target for commercial fisheries and game fishing. Adult black sea bream spawns waters with 20-50 m
and the larvae are transported to surf zone of sandy beaches. The juveniles have been reported to inhabit seagrass
bed in coastal waters the Sea of Japan. However, ecological information on the juvenile is very limited in the
Seto Inland Sea, southwestern Japan. Recent field surveys conducted in the central Seto Inland Sea indicated thatjuvenile black sea bream dominate fish community in seagrass bed. In the present study, to test the hypothesisthat black sea bream is highly dependent on seagrass bed during the juvenile stage, field survey was conductedin the seagrass bed off Ikuno Island, Hiroshima Prefecture. Fish were collected using a round seine net (4 mmmesh) during summer from 2008 to 2017. Water temperature, salinity, seagrass shoot density and leaf length were
measured at the collection. Juvenile black sea bream dominated the fish community in the seagrass bed in several
years. Body lengths of majority of the juvenile black sea bream collected in the seagrass bed were > 30 mm. There
was a significant positive correlation between mean seagrass shoot density and juvenile abundance for each year.
These results suggest that the seagrass bed is one of the essential habitats for juvenile black sea bream > 30 mm.

S2-P16 (13745)

Spatial variations in community structure of haptophytes across the Kuroshio front in
the Tokara Strait
Hisashi Endo1, 2 and Koji Suzuki1
1

2

Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, North 10 West 5, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.
E-mail: kojis@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Bioinformatics Center, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan

Haptophytes are important members of marine microbial community with high diversities in taxonomy andecological function. However, little is known about the distribution and diversity of this algal group in and aroundthe Kuroshio, which is the western boundary current of the North Pacific. Here, we present a fine-scale community
structure and diversity of haptophytes in the Kuroshio waters off southern Japan. Seawater samples were collectedfrom the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layers across the Kuroshio Current in the Tokara strait
in November 2012. Phytoplankton pigment analysis with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)
revealed that the haptophytes were the most dominant phytoplankton group in the current axis and offshoreside of the Kuroshio, whereas diatoms dominated the phytoplankton assemblages in the inshore water. Water
samples were divided into three main groups (i.e., oceanic surface, oceanic DCM, and coastal waters) by thecluster analysis on the basis of community structure of haptophytes, which was estimated from high throughput
sequencing of 18S rRNA gene fragment. Haptophyte operational taxonomic unit (OTU) richness based on Chao1
index was greater in the oceanic DCM waters than in the oceanic surface and coastal waters. Additionally, Chao1
richness, Shannon diversity, and Pielou evenness indices tended to increase around the Kuroshio axis, possibly
due to the advective input of haptophyte taxa from the upstream region. Our results underscore the importance ofphysical properties such as advection and diffusion of water mass on regulating haptophyte community structurein Kuroshio ecosystems.

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S4: Indicators for assessing and monitoring biodiversity of biogenic
habitats
S4-P1 (13262)

Transcriptome study of scleractinian coral Alveopora japonia
Seonock Woo1, Sung-Jin Hwang2, In-Young Cho3 and Min-Sup Kim3
1

2
3

Marine Biotechnology Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, South Korea.
E-mail: cwoo@kiost.ac.kr
Woosuk University, Jincheon, South Korea
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea, Seochun, South Korea

The colonial stony coral Alveopora japonica is a zooxanthellate scleractinian coral in the family Acroporidae. The
natural habitat of this uncommon species is also highly likely to be reduced by a combination of factors, including
coral removal and harvesting for the curio trade, for display in aquaria. Jeju Island is located in the southwest of the
Korean peninsula (33°24′N, 126°32′E) and is characterized by a warm temperate climate, an effect of the Kuroshio
Current, which circulates from the tropical Philippines to subtropical Taiwan and into the temperate region ofJapan. Because the KC is rapidly warming, some reef-building corals may expand their habitats northward in
response to increasing temperatures, although the Jeju Island coast does not have an appropriate environment forcoral reef formation. This species may benefit from the recent increase in seawater temperature, and may shift
from a kelp-forest habitat to a coral-dominated habitat, disrupting the competitive interactions among benthic
taxa around Jeju Island. The transcriptome was sequenced with the Illumina HiSeq 2000 Sequencing System. A
total of 31,921,488 read pairs (100 bp) in the FASTQ format were produced and the short-read dataset has been
deposited in GenBank. This procedure extracted 5,949,582,694 bp from 30,449,429 read. The genes most similar
to many A. japonica coding sequences were from other marine invertebrates, such as Acropora digitifera (stonycoral; 26.5%), Orbicella faveolata (stony coral; 15.37%), Amphimedon queenslandica (sponge; 14.89%), andStylophora pistillata (stony coral; 9.58%).

S4-P2 (13439)

Predictive modeling methods for deep-sea sponges in the North Pacific Ocean
Fiona Davidson and Anders Knudby
University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada. E-mail: fdavi065@uottawa.ca

Knowledge of deep-sea species and their ecosystems is limited due to the inaccessibility of the areas and theprohibitive cost of conducting large-scale field studies. This study focuses on species distribution modelingmethods to map hexactinellid sponge habitat extent in the North Pacific, as a contribution to PICES WG32
‘Biodiversity of Biogenic Habitats’. A MaxEnt model based on sponge presence data from the eastern Pacificand Hawaii, in conjunction with 19 environmental variables, was created to map existing sponge habitats. It
suggested sponge habitat preference values within each variable. Since this model was projected for two areas:
the North Pacific basin as well as a regional area containing the coast of British Columbia, sponge absence data
has become available. Thus, in an attempt to advance this research and increase the accuracy of the results,
the species and environmental data from this model will be applied to multiple different presence-absence (PA)models to ascertain which is most appropriate for use in ocean-basin scale studies. This comparison will include
the following models: generalized linear models (GLMs), random forest (RF), boosted regression tree (BRT)
and a Bayesian model. The outputs from these models will be evaluated using methods such as the AUC or theremaining per-observation deviance, to provide suggestions on which method is most accurate, to increase theknowledge of benthic species in the North Pacific Ocean.

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S4-P3 (13666)

Changes in the fish community in seagrass bed on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan
before and after (2009-2017) the tsunami following the 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku
Earthquake
Kentaro Yoshikawa, Hikaru Nakano and Jun Shoji
Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan. E-mail: m182767@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Seagrass bed is called “cradle of the sea” and plays an important role such as feeding place, spawning groundand shelter for fish due to high prey abundance and complexity of three-dimensional structure of the habitat. The
seagrass bed on the Pacific coast of northeastern Japan had received significant disturbance by the tsunami andground subsidence following the Pacific coast of Tohoku Earthquake in March 2011. In this study, we compared
the effects of disturbance by the tsunami on vegetation and fish community of seagrass bed among three sites
with different levels of disturbance. In the summer from 2009 to 2017, the water temperature, salinity, seagrass
density and leaf length were measured in Funakoshi Bay, Otsuchi Bay and Mangoku-ura Bay. Fish sampling
was conducted using a round seine net (4 mm mesh) at 4 sites in each bay. To clarify the difference in species
composition depending on their habitat or life cycle, fishes were divided into three groups: pelagic or migratory
species (PM), sand or mud bottom-associated species (SM) and seagrass (Zostera marina)- or substrate-associatedspecies (ZS). The succession in seagrass vegetation and fish community after the tunami differed among thethree sites reflecting the difference in the levels of disturvance. In Funakoshi Bay and Otsuchi Bay, recovery of
the seagrass vegetation was slower because the disturbance by the tsunami was larger than in Mangoku-ura Bay.
The percentage of ZS type fish was higher before the tsunami, while the proportion of SM type fish increased
thereafter. Proportio of ZS type fish has increased with the recovery of the seagrass vegetation for recent two
years.

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S5: Seasonal to interannual variations of meso-/submeso-scale processes in
the North PacificS5-P1 (13341)

Characteristic of subsurface oxygen maximum in oligotrophic western North PacificNaohiro Kosugi1, Masao Ishii1 and Daisuke Sasano2
12

Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan. E-mail: nkosugi@mri-jma.go.jp
Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan

Over the subtropics in the western North Pacific where nutrients are depleted in surface layer in summer, subsurface
oxygen maximum (SOM) develops in the seasonal thermocline in summer. The thickness of SOM, defined as thelayer with oxygen supersaturation, is typically about 50 m, thereby discrete bottle samples taken every tens ofmeter in depth have deficient resolution to understand the variability of SOM. In 2010, Japan Meteorological
Agency has started to use a rapid response dissolved oxygen sensor “RINKO” on CTD multi-sampler for theirhydrographic measurements with which we can collect data of dissolved oxygen at every 1 dbar with a precision of
about 1 μmol kg-1. Until 2016, more than 1500 profiles of dissolved oxygen have been obtained in the subtropicalwestern North Pacific (20-30ºN). Here, we summarize the seasonal variation in SOM in 24-25ºN where a large
number of data have been collected. SOM was almost absent from January to April. As seasonal thermocline
developed, SOM appeared under the surface mixed layer in May. In many cases, column excess oxygen peaked inAugust and September. After that, column excess oxygen decreased as upper part of SOM was entrained into thesurface mixed layer. However, the peak of SOM grew until November. Excess oxygen from saturation reached aslarge as 25 μmol kg-1 at the peak and 1000 mmolO2 m-2 in the water column. Both were larger compared with thoseobserved at Station ALOHA of Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) located at nearly the same latitude.

S5-P2 (13375)

Variability of the Pacific North Equatorial Current Based on a 1/8˚ Pacific Model
Simulation
Zhichun Zhang1, Huijie Xue1,2, Fei Chai2 and Yi Chao3123State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou,
People’s Republic of China. E-mail: zczhang@scsio.ac.cn
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
Remote Sensing Solutions, Pasadena, CA, USA

Based on a multi-decadal Pacific basin model simulation, inter-annual variations of the North Equatorial Current(NEC) are investigated. The model reproduces well the characteristics of the NEC and its inter-annual variability.
The magnitude and standard deviation of the NEC transport increase from 46.5 and 3.9 Sv at 175° E to 66.7 and
6.5 Sv at 130° E, respectively, and both peak around 132 º E prior to entering the separation region. The NECtransport tends to be higher during positive ONI years but lower during negative ONI years with the maximum
difference of more than 20 Sv. The inter-annual variability of the NEC transport is closely related to changes of
the SSH in the tropical Pacific Ocean, and the increase of the NEC is mostly balanced by the increase in the North
Equatorial Counter Current on the tropical gyre side. The present study further suggests a long-term decline of the
NEC transport from 1993 to 2012, which is consistent with the patterns in the trend of wind stress curl. Transport
anomalies reconstructed from the normal modes of zonal velocity suggest that the 1st baroclinic mode captures
about 95% of the variance in the NEC transport, while the 2nd mode adds only additional 3-4%. A 1.5-layer
reduced gravity model further reveals that the 1st (2nd) baroclinic mode is driven primarily by the wind (thermal)
forcing, respectively, and that the wind forcing plays a predominant role in determining the inter-annual variability
in the NEC transport while the effect of the thermal forcing is rather limited.

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S5-P3 (13393)

Submesoscale dynamics in the Northeastern Subtropical Pacific Ocean
Hideharu Sasaki1, Patrice Klein2, Yoshikazu Sasai1, Bo Qiu3
1
2
3

JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, JAPAN. E-mail: sasaki@jamstec.go.jp
California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, UAS

Oceanic submesoscales (O(1-10km)), ubiquituous on satellite images, are now recognized to play a key role in
the ocean energy and carbon export budgets. Our North Pacific simulation with a 1/30° horizontal resolution
highlights in winter the expected presence of energetic submesoscales around the Kuroshio Extension andsubtropical countercurrent. However, energetic winter submesoscales are also observed in the northeastern
Subtropical Pacific, which was unexpected. They are located along the region where the subtropical cell subducts.
We show that the combination of the unstable mean baroclinic current (associated with a large-scale seasonal
meridional density gradient) with relatively deep winter mixed-layer is responsible for the production of theseenergetic submesoscales through mixed layer instabilities. Future satellite altimetry missions (such as the SWOT
mission), with a resolution ten times higher than conventional altimeters, should allow confirming the seasonalenergetic submesocale dynamics in this Northeastern Subtropical Pacific region still poorly documented.

S5-P4 (13444)

Interannual variability of marine ecosystem in the Kuroshio Extension region
Yoshikazu Sasai, Makio C. Honda, Eko Siswanto, Hideharu Sasaki and Masami Nonaka
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: ysasai@jamstec.go.jp

Interannual variability of marine ecosystem in the Kuroshio Extension (KE) region is investigated using an eddyresolving coupled physical-biological model. The model reproduces the observed interannual variability of sea
surface height anomaly (SSHA) in the KE region along a zonal band of 32 – 34 ˚N from 2000 to 2012. The
negative SSHA (KE unstable state) is shown in 2000 to 2002, 2006 to 2010, and 2012, and the positive SSHA
(KE stable state) is shown in 2003 to 2005, and 2011. Distributions of high (low) nitrate and phytoplankton
concentrations correspond to negative (positive) SSHA. Cyclonic eddies (negative SSHA) are found to detachfrom the KE jet near 150˚E and 158˚E, and propagate westward. The westward propagating cyclonic eddies lift
the nutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone, and maintain high levels of phytoplankton concentration in summer
to fall. When the passing of strong cyclonic eddies (strong negative SSHA), especially, in 2012, the high nitratewater is lifted close to the surface layer, and appears the high surface phytoplankton concentration. Every winter,deep convection inside the eddy entrains high levels of nutrients into the mixed layer, increasing production,
resulting in high phytoplankton concentration throughout the surface mixed layer. By contrast, anticyclonic eddies(positive SSHA) depress the nutrient-rich water (maintain oligotrophic condition), and the surface phytoplankton
concentration in summer remains low, in 2003 to 2005.

S5-P5 (13509) CANCELLED

Instabilities of an anticyclonic eddy in its growing and decaying phase
Yisen. Zhong
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China. E-mail: yisen.zhong@sjtu.edu.cn

Recent high-resolution realistic simulations reveal that the anticyclonic eddy in the growing phase usually has asmaller size but very strong intensity, and it becomes unstable and dissipative with a larger size when the eddy
starts to decay. The puzzling piece here is that the growing eddy with strong negative vorticity should be easily
subject to inertial instability but the fact is the other way around. It is growing stably and behaves more like abarotropic vortex. By analyzing a typical anticyclonic eddy from a high-resolution model in the South China
Sea, it is shown that the stratification and viscosity effects help stabilize the eddy in its growing phase even theinertial instability criterion is met somewhere inside it. When the eddy turns to decaying, the intensity of the eddy
decreases but the generalized Rayleigh discriminant could still be negative. Complex structures emerge inside theeddy at this stage partly due to the inertial instability. Other kinds of instabilities such as anticyclonic ageostrophic
instability may also arise and play an important part in eddy decaying.
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S5-P6 (13525) CANCELLED

Two types of anticyclonic eddies eastward from Japan: An origin, characteristics,
influence on fishery
Eu. V. Samko, Yu.V. Novikov, A.V. Kapshiter
Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-centre), 4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Russia, 690091. E-mail: samko@tinro.ru

On the base of satellite data analysis, the Oyashio interaction with warm anticyclonic eddies is considered as thebasic process conditioning the squid fishery. Large (100-120 miles in diameter) anticyclonic eddies are permanently
observed in the area off Pacific coast of Hokkaido Island. They have various origin, size, thermohaline anddynamic structure, so their influence on fish distribution is different. Parameters of anticyclonic eddies of various
origin are described for 2004 and 2005, taking into account both infrared and altimetry data, and compared with
the neon flying squid fishing grounds location.
In 2004, the eddy А24 was traced which was generated from the Kuroshio meander in 2002 and crossed thesubarctic front in early 2003. In October 2004, it had the size 80х100 miles, homogeneous warm core with SST
15-16oС, and rotation velocity about 47 cm/s. The eddy was surrounded with cold waters of the 2nd branch of
Oyashio. squid shoals located along border of the eddy.
The eddy A28 was generated in the Subarctic frontal zone in 2005 as a result of impact of two eddies. It moved to
the north with the speed 1.6 miles/day. In October 2005, the eddy had the size 80х90 miles, SST in the core about
16oС, rotation velocity about 64 cm/s. Warm and cold streamers had penetrated inside the eddy. neon flying squid
fishing grounds were formed in the center of the eddy.

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S7: Ecological responses to variable climate changes and their applicability
to ecosystem predictions
S7-P1 (13356)

Assessing the oceanographic variability impact in the western North Pacific on fisheryresources in Japan using FORA-WNP30
Gloria S. Duran1, Takeyoshi Nagai1, Luis A. Icochea2 and Yuhei Mori3
1
2
3

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: 20130368@lamolina.edu.pe
La Molina National Agrarian University, Lima, PeruR&D Department YAMARIA Corporation

Previous studies have suggested that the inter-annual and decadal variabilities in the North Pacific not only affectthe physical and biogeochemical oceanography but also modulate the fish abundance, fishing and migrations ofseveral marine species in the Pacific Ocean. Such variabilities include but not limited to those caused by Pacific
Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO). Both of these are influenced by the
Aleutian low variability, which is remotely forced by eastern Pacific canonical El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO) through atmospheric bridge. The dominant decadal fluctuations of the North Pacific sea surface
temperature and gyre-scale circulation of the NPGO are dynamically linked to the Central Pacific Warming El
Niño. During this ENSO event the bifurcation of the North Equatorial Current (NEC), off Philippines Islands,
may alter important northward pathways for heat, salt, and nutrient through the Kuroshio Current, responsible
current for Japan’s plentiful marine bounty. Even though this oceanographic modulation can have a large impact
on fishery resources, the direct association to shifts in the dynamics of coastal fishes and mechanisms linking them
are still largely obscure. This is due to lack of comparison of fishery data with subsurface ocean observations. In
this study, we use Four-dimensional Variational Ocean ReAnalysis for the Western North Pacific over 30 years(FORA-WNP30) to investigate how the weekly, monthly, seasonally and inter-annual variabilities in the physicalproperties near Japan affect the fish catch, comparing daily three-dimensional hydrography and lateral flow fields
available in FORA with the available fishery data.

S7-P2 (13442)

Characterizing time-series of bioacoustics, physical and biogeochemical properties
in Saanich inlet (British Columbia, Canada): multi-scale temporal dynamics, causal
relationships and forecasting
Lu Guan1, Akash Sastri1, Chih-hao Hsieh2 and Richard Dwey1
1
2

Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: lguan@uvic.ca
Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan

Zooplankton dynamics in Saanich Inlet, an inverse estuary at the southeastern end of Vancouver Island (British
Columbia, Canada), have been monitored using an Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler (AZFP) mounted on acabled observatory system platform since 2006. Measurements of environmental and oceanographic indices (e.g.
temperature, salinity, oxygen and tide height) are recorded via multiple sensors from the same observatory system
concurrently. These twelve-year (2006-2018) high-resolution time-series allow for the first characterization of
zooplankton dynamical features and exploration of the driving factors and processes on multiple time scales
using Empirical Dynamic Modeling. The fluctuations in acoustically measured migration zooplankton biomass(dominated by Euphausia pacifica) and variations in measured non-biological indices display significant
nonlinearity (θ > 0) on weekly, biweekly, monthly and quarterly scales. Temperature, salinity and oxygen wereidentified as significant causal factors of nonlinear dynamics in the migratory zooplankton biomass time series
on quarterly and monthly scales in this system, while tidal height significantly drove the nonlinear dynamics
on weekly and biweekly scales. In addition, we demonstrate and compare forecasting capabilities of migratory
zooplankton biomass between using a single time series (bioacoustics) and using multiple time series (bioacoustics
and environmental indices) for state space reconstruction. The biweekly and monthly scales were identified
as appropriate scales for characterizing euphausiid population dynamics and for better short-term forecasting
potential in Saanich Inlet.

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S7-P3 (13595) CANCELLED

Long term ichthyoplankton assemblage structure and its relationship between withenvironmental variation in the Yangtze Estuary
Hui Zhang, Weiwei XianInstitute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao
266071, China.
Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao, 266071, P. R. China
E-mail: zhanghui@qdio.ac.cn

The ichthyoplankton assemblage structure in the Yangtze Estuary was analyzed based on survey from 1998 to
2009. For springs, 42 ichthyoplankton species belonging to 23 families were collected. Engraulidae was themost abundant family. The structure of the ichthyoplankton spring community persisted on annual basis, withthe dominant species reappearing consistently even though their abundance fluctuated from year to year. This
inter-annual variation probably reflects variable environmental condition influenced by the bloom of jellyfish,
the declining river flow, and the overfishing. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated a spatial structureof the ichthyoplankton assemblage in three areas: inner assemblage, central assemblage, shelf assemblage. The
pattern observed in ichthyoplankton assemblage structure appears to be strongly influenced by depth, salinity andsuspended particulate matter gradients. For autumns, 33 ichthyoplankton species belonging to 19 families werecollected. Engraulidae, Gobiidae, Salangidae were the most abundant family. The structure of the ichthyoplankton
autumn community persisted on annual basis, with the dominant species reappearing consistently even though
their abundance fluctuated from year to year. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated a spatial structure of
the ichthyoplankton assemblage in three areas: estuarine assemblage, coastal assemblag and offshelf assemblage.
The pattern observed in ichthyoplankton assemblage structure appears to be strongly influenced by salinity andsuspended particulate matter gradients.

S7-P4 (13614)

Sediment-associated phytoplankton release from the seafloor in response to wind-induced
currents in the Bering Strait
Hiroto Abe1, Makoto Sampei1, Toru Hirawake1, Hisatomo Waga1, Shigeto Nishino2 and Atsushi Ooki1
1
2

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: abe@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan

Bering Strait, the single gateway between the Arctic and Pacific Ocean, is local spot of strong ocean currents,
whose speed can reach up to 100 cm s−1. Although massive spring phytoplankton bloom and the subsequent
production of particulate organic matter that sinks to the seafloor are observed in the surrounding regions of
the Bering Strait, an impact of this locally strong currents on horizontal and vertical transport of the particles is
unclear. Based on this background, we conducted year-round mooring measurements from 2016 to 2017 with afocus on near-bottom process associated with ocean currents. Our time-series analysis showed that high-turbidity
events near the seafloor occurred through all seasons, which were triggered by strong barotropic currents (speed:
50 cm s−1–100 cm s−1). In response to these events, fluorescence sensor detected highly concentrated chlorophyll ain the resuspended sediment; however, the amount of chlorophyll a released was seasonal, with larger and smaller
amounts released during warm and cold seasons, respectively. The latter of these might be due to the sediments
containing smaller amounts of phytoplankton owing to the organic matter decomposition by bacteria under nolight conditions. The barotropic currents were modulated by surface winds associated with an intercontinental
atmospheric pattern with a 5000-km spatial scale at a timescale of 6 days. This unique feature found in the Bering
Strait, i.e., upward transport of sediment along with subsequent horizontal transport, may play a vital role information of biological hotspots in the southern Chukchi Sea.

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S7-P5 (13757) CANCELLED

Geographic regions in the Bering Sea based on in situ oceanographic data
Kirill Kivva
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: kirill.kivva@gmail.com

Global Ocean is structured by seascapes (marine landscapes) of various scales. Understanding of their spatialorganization, hierarchy and temporal dynamics is crucial for multiple research fields including evolutionary
studies, data synthesis efforts, and marine resource management. Seascapes are shaped by physical processes andreflected in distribution of species, biomass, primary production and, consequently, biogeochemical parameters.
The objective of present work is to delineate major geographic regions in the Bering Sea. The study is based on
all available August-September station data with dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic phosphorus and silicate
measurements in 0-50 m layer from 1970-2015. Vertical distribution of temperature and salinity is also considered.
Initial data is vertically interpolated and distributed into hexagonal geodetic bins with size of about 50 km. Spatial
averaging of data with Gaussian function is performed in order to fill the gaps and smooth the data. Period ofAugust-September is chosen because it is better covered with data. August-September nutrient and dissolved
oxygen distribution in the upper 50-m layer is believed to keep signature of winter mixing and spring-summer
nutrient drawdown. Resulted set of data is normalized and clustered by several methods of hierarchical clustering
which reveal similar spatial distribution of clusters. Analysis revealed 8 geographic regions in the Bering Sea.
The suggested scheme of regions may be used for oceanographic biogeochemical data synthesis. Correspondenceof suggested regions to distribution of biota and biological parameters is yet to be addressed in future research.

S7-P6 (13763)

Responses of Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonica) catch to environmental changes in
the South Sea of Korea in recent decades: a generalized additive model approach
Minkyoung Bang1,2, Chan Joo Jang1,2 and Sukyung Kang3
1
2
3

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan 49111, Korea
Ocean Science and Technology school, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, Busan 49112, Korea. E-mail: b910111@kiost.ac.kr
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan 46083, Korea

Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonica) is commercially and biologically important small pelagic fish in Korea.
In relation to a decrease in the production of coastal fisheries in Korean waters in recent years, the understandingof a relationship between fish resources and environmental factors of their habitat can help establish thestrategies of fisheries management. This study investigates the relationships between anchovy catch and ocean
environment during 1980-2010 in the South Sea of Korea, the main fishing ground of anchovy in Korea, byapplying a generalized additive model (GAM) to primary/secondary production and oceanographic data including
temperature and salinity. Based on GAM results shows that the zooplankton biomass, mixed layer depth, 5m depth
seawater temperature, and Arctic Oscillation Index explain a large part (more than 80%) of variability of annual
anchovy catchment. This finding suggests that in recent three decades, zooplankton biomass is a main contributor
to the interannual variability of anchovy catchment in the South Sea of Korea.

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S7-P7 (13788)

Reconstructing foraging conditions experienced by salmon on the high seas
Boris Espinasse1, 2, Brian Hunt1, 2, 3 and Evgeny Pakhomov1, 2, 3
1

2
3

Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
E-mail: bespinasse@eoas.ubc.ca
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hakai Institute, Heriot bay, BC, Canada

Decline in Pacific salmon stocks, including sockeye and to a lesser extent chum and pink, have been observed in
the south part of the NE Pacific over the last two decades. For example, Rivers Inlet sockeye, historically one of
the major British Columbia stocks, collapsed to near zero levels in the early 1990’s and have shown only limited
signs of recovery despite the fisheries having been closed since 1996. The reasons for this decline still remain
unclear, particularly with respect to the high seas “black box” life phase. Here we have developed a new approachto shed light on the high seas life phase of Pacific salmon. Interannual variability of salmon stable isotope (SI)signatures was investigated using scales archives. While δ15N values were quite stable before the stock decline
began, greater variation was observed in recent years implying changes in foraging location, salmon diet, or the SI
baseline. The correlation between δ13C and sea surface temperature allowed us to estimate the location of salmon
during the 9 months prior to capture. Concurrently, we have described the feeding conditions experienced bysalmon using the SI of the prey field in the NE Pacific region. Combining these approaches provides a powerfultool for determining the high seas ocean conditions experienced by salmon stocks, and a means to asses how these
conditions can affect salmon fitness (e.g., condition factor, spawning success, juvenile survival rate).

S7-P8 (13790)

Simple Bio-Optical Proxies for Phytoplankton Abundance and Compositions in Complex
Coastal Waters
Justin A. Del Bel Belluz1, Jennifer M. Jackson1, Angelica M. Peña2 and Brian P.V. Hunt1,3,4
1
2
3
4

Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada. E-mail: Justin.belluz@hakai.org
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 4B2
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4, Canada
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, British Columbia,
CanadaCoastal waters are productive, dynamic and biologically complex. This diversity complicates optical proxiesof phytoplankton dynamics. For example, uncertainty arises in quantifying chlorophyll-a concentrations fromin-situ fluorometers because different factors influence the relationship between fluorescence and chlorophyll-a.
These factors arise from changes in taxonomy, light exposure, nutrient availability, and cell size. Other simple
optical measures, such as beam attenuation which is a measure of bulk particulate concentrations, can provide
further information on phytoplankton abundance and compositions; however, the use of beam attenuation iscomplicated in coastal regions where there can be high concentrations of non-algal particles. Nonetheless, recent
research has shown that coupling multiple optical proxies can potentially provide high-resolution information
on phytoplankton taxonomy, physiology and non-photochemical quenching. Since 2012, the Hakai Institutehas collected high frequency oceanographic data, including discrete chlorophyll a (from extracted fluorometricand HPLC), phytoplankton microscopy, nutrients, and CTD profiles with fluorescence, beam attenuation andphotosynthetically active radiation sensors. Here we present unique high resolution timeseries of these data fromtwo stations on the British Columbia coast. In addition to investigating phytoplankton dynamics from the discrete
samples, we assess the use of optical measures such as fluorescence and beam attenuation as proxies for resolving
phytoplankton dynamics in-situ.

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S7-P9 (13791) CANCELLED

Dynamics governing upwelling and nutrient availability along the BC central coast
Hayley V. Dosser1,2, Jennifer M. Jackson1, Stephanie Waterman2, Brian Hunt1,2,3 and Charles G. Hannah4
1
2
3
4

Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, Canada, V0P 1H0. E-mail: hayley.dosser@hakai.org
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, AERL, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6T 1Z4.
Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC, Canada V8L 4B2.

Upwelling of North Pacific Ocean waters onto the North American continental shelf is a major contributor tobiological productivity of marine ecosystems in this domain. During spring and summer, winds shift and draw
nutrient-rich, low-oxygen, low-pH, cold, dense water from the deep Pacific towards the coast. Recent worksuggests that the British Columbia central coast is distinct from other North Pacific upwelling regions. These
differences are investigated using a combination of high-temporal-resolution hydrographic and nutrient data fromnear-shore locations in recent years, a multi-decadal archive of hydrographic data on the shelf, and velocity
records from four moorings deployed from 2016 to present. Additionally, an autonomous ocean glider will be
used during a field campaign in 2018 to collect high-resolution measurements of salinity, temperature, oxygen,bio-optical water properties and rates of turbulent mixing. The physical mechanisms governing the timing ofarrival, seasonal cycle, and spatial variability of upwelled water properties are examined and found to be markedly
different from those in the Strait of Georgia to the south. Related differences are found for nutrient availability inthe sunlit upper ocean in Queen Charlotte Sound, with implications for plankton community composition. Links
with coastal ecosystems, and migrating juvenile salmon in particular, are discussed.

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S8: Internal tides, nonlinear internal waves, and their impacts onbiogeochemistry, climate and marine ecosystems via ocean turbulent
mixing processes
S8-P1 (13292)

Response of plankton standing stocks and productivity to turbulent nitrate flux in the
Kuroshio across the Tokara Strait
Taiga Honma1, Toru Kobari2, Takeru Kanayama2, Fukutaro Karu2, Naoki Yoshie3, Daisuke Hasegawa4, Ayako
Nishina2, Hirohiko Nakamura2
1

2
3
4

Aquatic Sciences Graduate School of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890-0056, Japan.
E-mail: k4452296@kadai.jp
Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan.
Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Ehime, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan.

Despite spawning and nursery grounds for many migratory fishes, biological productivity has been thought tobe low in the Kuroshio due to oligotrophic conditions by strong thermal stratification and low standing stocks ofplankton community. In recent years, some researchers propose large nutrients supplies by micro- to mesoscale
physics like turbulence, frontal eddy and meandering, in particular the narrow and shallow Tokara Strait. Here,we evaluate response of standing stocks and productivity of phytoplankton and microzooplankton to turbulent
nitrate flux based on enriched bottle incubations. Apparent growth rates of all size-fractionated phytoplankton
demonstrated a logarithmical increase with nutrients enriched and were positive at the upper ranges of the
turbulent nitrate flux measured in the Tokara Strait. Growth rates of pico- and nanophytoplankton were lower
for those of microphytoplankton, indicating microzooplankton feeding on smaller autotrophs. These results
suggest that phytoplankton productivity is stimulated by turbulent nitrate flux at the Tokara Strait even in theoligotrophic Kuroshio. We will discuss the responses of plankton community to turbulent nitrate flux including
microzooplankton standing stocks and growth.

S8-P2 (13359)

Effects of strong turbulent mixing on phytoplankton around the Tokara strait
Naoki Yoshie1, Miwa Nakagawa1, Hayato Mizuguchi1, Taisei Kanda1, leo Mutou1, Eisuke Tsutsumi2, Toru Kobari3
and Xinyu Guo1
1
2
3

Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, Matsuyama Ehime, Japan. E-mail: yoshie.naoki.mm@ehime-u.ac.jp
Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Kasuga, Fukuoka, Japan
Faculty of Fisheries, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Kagoshima, Japan

In recent years, effects of strong turbulent mixing on lower-trophic level ecosystem have received a lot of attention
in the Tokara strait, where many seamounts and small islands exit within the route of the Kuroshio in the East China
Sea. To investigate these effects, we observed the spatiotemporal distributions of the nutrient concentrations andsize structure of the phytoplankton assemblage around the Tokara Strait in the autumn of 2015. Two observationaltransections across the Kuroshio were designed to detect the ecosystem changes associated with the Kuroshio
passing of the Tokara strait. A-line was upper stream side just before the passing, and B-line was down-streamside just after the passing. We compared the three size fraction of phytoplankton assemblage between A-line andB-line. The responses of phytoplankton to the passing the strait were quite different by their body size, nanophytoplankton increased by about 46%, micro-phytoplankton increased by about 28%, and pico-phytoplankton
increased by about 5%. These results suggest that the size structure of the phytoplankton assemblage in the
Kuroshio region is significantly affected by the strong turbulent mixing around the Tokara strait.

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S8-P3 (13362)

Characteristics of mode-1 and mode-2 nonlinear internal waves observed in the northern
East China Sea
Seung-Woo Lee, and SungHyun Nam
Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. E-mail: LSW7227@naver.com

Oceanic nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) have been known to have a profound impact on climate,biogeochemistry, and ecosystems, contributing to the transport, redistribution, and, mixing of heat, energy, andmaterials. In northern East China Sea, various types of NLIWs are generated and propagate influencing local
biogeochemistry and ecosystem. Here, we present an analysis of high quality data collected using more than 1,000
underway Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) profiling, standard CTD profiling, and moored temperature
sensors via the SAVEX-15 (Shallow-water Acoustic Variability Experiment, 2015) conducted from May 14 to 28,
2015 to characterize first- and second-mode NLIWs. The observational results based on two-layered Kordewegde Vries (KdV) theory demonstrate that the mode-1 NLIWs having an amplitude of 4-8 m and characteristic widthof 438-908 m propagate into multiple directions but predominantly southwestward in a speed of 0.58-0.61 m/s.
The mode-2 NLIWs having similar amplitude and shorter characteristic width of 479~646 m are newly found to
propagate eastward in a slower speed of 0.27 m/s. This study provides basic characteristics of NLIWs to better
understand mixing and biogeochemistry in the region.

S8-P4 (13370)

Amplified diurnal currents over the shallow banks and 18.6-year variability of salinity of
the intermediate waters in the Western Subarctic Pacific
Konstantin Rogachev and Natalia Shlyk
Pacific Oceanological Institute, Baltiyskaya Street, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: rogachev@poi.dvo.ru

The south-flowing waters of the Kamchatka and Oyashio currents are key components of the western subarctic
Pacific gyre. The dissipation of tidal energy in shallow and coastal regions of these currents and the attendant
mixing are the important processes that affect the upper layer temperature and salinity. Examples of the impact oftidal currents on water temperature and salinity are the persistent tide-driven mixing around the Kashevarov andKruzenshtern banks. The Kruzenshtern Bank is a shallow submarine bank stretchingalong the eastern continental
slope of the Kuril Islands with the minimum depth of 86 m. Surface drifters observations are used to determine
the characteristics of tidal currents, and the circulation over these banks. New software that allows more versatility
in the harmonic analysis is used for drifter’s data. The two banks have similar features. The variations in current
velocities are dominated by the diurnal signals. The K1 and O1 tidal ellipses over the banks are the largest andclockwise. The enhanced tidal currents suggest that the formation of cold and saline water in summer is due tomixing of water column over the banks with intermediate waters. Variations of tidal ellipses over the bank may
explain the formation of polynya at the western end of the Kashevarov Bank. We found that the 18.6-year lunar
nodal cycle is a significant characteristic of salinity variation at the temperature minimum in the eddies eastwardof the Boussole Strait over the period 1990-2015.

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S8-P5 (13408)

Size distributions of marine aggregates in different aquatic systems
Marika Takeuchi1,2, Mark J. Doubell3, George A. Jackson4 and Hidekatsu Yamazaki
1
2
3
4

Tokyo University of marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. Email: d162004@edu.kaiyodai.ac.jp
Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia
South Australia Research and Development Institute, West beach, Australia
Texas A&M University, Texas, US

Marine aggregates are formed through the coagulation of small biogenic and non-biogenic components. Visible
aggregates, known as marine snow, are typically in the 0.5 to few mm size range. Aggregates are well recognizedas hotspots of microbial and planktonic activities. Aggregates formation is and important pathway for transferringorganic matter from surface to the deep ocean, hence the impacts of aggregates in carbon flux is significant.
Because aggregates sinking velocity and carbon mass content is size dependent, size distribution of aggregates isfundamental to better understand the contribution of aggregates in the biological carbon pump. However, the size
distribution of naturally occurring aggregates has not fully investigated in observational studies.
In this study, we analysed in-situ observation of aggregates in various aquatic systems using a digital still logger
camera (DSL camera). Digital images that DSL camera collected were subsequently used to determine aggregates
size distributions. Fluorescence and turbulence were simultaneously measured by a microstructure profiler,
TurboMAP-L. Size distributions showed 2-slopes structures for all surveys, although the locations were different.
Kolmogorov scale estimated from averaged turbulence suggested that the 2-slopes structure is associated with thestrength of turbulence. Direct comparison of fluorescence and size distribution showed that aggregates in open
water contain more chlorophyll-a than the ones in coastal water for given size.

S8-P6 (13529)

Elevated mixing in the Tsugaru Strait through internal hydraulic jump
Takahiro Tanaka, Daisuke Hasegawa, Takeshi Okunishi, and Hitoshi Kaneko
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Miyagi, Japan. E-mail: takahirot@affrc.go.jp

The Tsugaru Strait throughflow is an eastward current between the Hokkaido and Honshu Island, Japan, and isconsidered to occur vigorous watermass mixing before flowing out to the Pacific side where good fishing ground
exists. The mixing intensity, however, has not been reported in the strait on the basis of turbulence measurements,
so we conducted a microstructure observation across a sill off the Tappi Cape in Sep. 2017 in order to quantify
turbulent mixing intensity and clarify relevant physical processes. A large amplitude internal wave was observed
near the lee edge of the sill, which accompanied with elevated turbulent mixing reaching ε = O(10-6 W/kg) andKz = O(10-3 m2/s). Density inversion layers also emerged near the lee edge, and the subsurface stratification was
weakened in the downstream. The echogram captured the isopycnal jump near the lee edge, and the layer Froudenumber became supercritical, indicating the occurrence of internal hydraulic jump. The subsurface nutrient
concentration was elevated in the downstream, so the impact of hydraulic jump to the local and downstream
environment deserves to be examined by future studies.

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S8-P7 (13569)

The Influence of Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass on the Early Life History Process of Young
Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
Jianchao Li1,2, Rui Wu1, Feng Jiang1, Chi Zhang1, Yongjun Tian1,2, Xiaolin Yu3, Rong Wan4,2
1
2

3
4

Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China. E-mail: yjtian@ouc.edu.cn
Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science andTechnology, Qingdao, P.R. China
Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P.R. China
National Engineering Research Centre for Oceanic Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, P.R. China

Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass (YSCWM), as a typical oceanic feature with characteristic thermocline andinternal waves, provides a suitable habitat for cold-water species, such as Pacific cod, a demersal species whose
resource shows incredible interdecadal fluctuation. Its life history is strongly influenced by the seasonal variation
of YSCWM, especially for young-of-year Pacific cod (YOY). Meanwhile, the hydrodynamic structure within
YSCWM is not uniform and characterized in “two cold cores” pattern, with relatively intense tidal current andinertial oscillation in the west core. Therefore, we carry out research on how the inhomogeneous hydrologicalstructure of YSCWM influences the life history process of YOY according to the seasonal bottom trawl survey inYellow Sea in 2017 and historical mooring observation. The result shows that the YOY distribution was restrictedby the two cold cores in summer. In particular, the length of YOY is longer in the west cold core with strong
current and shallower depth. In addition, from the distribution of YOY in spring indicated two migration routes
in their larva stages. Combined with otolith microstructure analysis of YOY samples in spring and summer, theotolith daily increment patterns in the two cold cores illustrated faster growth rate in the west, owning to theshallower depth and better mixing. As a result, the intensity and range of west cold core of YSCWM is vital for
better recruitment of Pacific cod, and internal wave mixing reveals its crucial role on YSCWM ecosystem withstrong stratification and weak water exchange.

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S9: Integration of science and policy for sustainable marine ecosystemservices
S9-P1 (13267)

Preliminary analysis of the Jimo coastal ecosystem with the Ecopath model
Meng Su
College of Economics, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, P. R. China. E-mail: sumengouc@qq.com

The Jimo coast encompasses an area of 2,157 km2, the ecosystem is valuable both socially and economicallywith regional fisheries substantially contributing to the value. A mass-balanced trophic model consisting of 15
functional ecological groups was developed for the coastal ecosystem using the Ecopath model in Ecopath with
Ecosim (EwE) software (version 6.4.3). The results of the model simulations indicated that the trophic levelsof the functional groups varied between 1.0 and 3.76, the total production of the system was estimated to be
5,112.733 t km−2 yr−1 with a total energy transfer efficiency of 17.6%. The proportion of the total flow originatingfrom detritus was estimated to be 48%, whereas that from primary producers was 52%, indicating that the grazing
food chain dominated the energy flow. The fin cycling index and the mean path length of the energy flow were
4.92% and 2.57%, respectively, which indicated that the ecosystem exhibits relatively low maturity and stability.
The mixed trophic impact (MTI) procedure suggested that the ecological groups at lower trophic levels dominatedthe feeding dynamics in the Jimo coastal ecosystem. Overfishing is thought to be the primary reason for thedegeneration of the Jimo coastal ecosystem, resulting in a decline in the abundance of pelagic and demersal fish
species and a subsequent shift to the predominance of lower-trophic-level functional groups. Finally, we offeredsome recommendations for improving current fishery management practices.

S9-P2 (13587)

The value of ecosystem services of the West Bering Sea
Artyom Y. Tadzhibaev1, Olga N. Lukyanova2
1
2

Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: clfmatomb.4@gmail.com
Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia

The West Bering Sea (WBS) Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) was chosen for the evaluation due to its highprimary productivity and economic significance for the Russian Far East and North Pacific. At present time, rapidchanges in the Arctic environment affect subarctic seas, so there is a critical need for identifying and monitoring
the ecosystem services of these areas on different scales. The cost of the following services was estimated: foodproduction, raw materials, genetic resources, biological control, climate regulation and gas regulation, primary
production, nutrient cycling. The food production and raw materials services were measured using the market
price method, biological control, genetic resources and nutrient cycling services were evaluated using expert
evaluation method. Climate regulation, gas regulation and primary productivity were evaluated using the methods
described by Wang et al., 2016. The total value of these ecosystem services was 70,05x109 USD per year. Food
production, primary production and gas regulation services were the most valuable; their value was 13,59x109
USD (19,4%), 25,76x109 USD (36,7%) and 14,59x109 USD (20,8%) of total cost, while the raw materials service
was the lower value - 0,16x109 USD (0,23%). These quantitative estimates can be a useful basis for decisionmaking processes for the sustainable development of the subarctic marine region.

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S10: Ocean acidification and deoxygenation and their impact on ocean
ecosystems: Synthesis and next steps
S10-P1 (13313)

Communicating Ocean Acidification in East Asia: What are the key messages for policy
makers and society?
Abigail McQuatters-Gollop and Jason Hall-Spencer
Marine Conservation Research Group, Plymouth University, UK. E-mail: Abigail.mcquatters-gollop@plymouth.ac.uk

Ocean acidification (OA) is already impacting marine ecosystems, with shifts in food webs and biodiversity
changes, less coastal protection, and reduced ecosystem complexity. Such changes are expected to continue into
the future; marine CO2 seeps in Japan provide insight into what East Asian marine ecosystems could look likeunder increasing OA conditions. Limited awareness of OA impacts, however, exists among fishers, shellfishers,
and seaweed farmers/harvesters or among local and regional policy makers and managers. Scientific information
on OA in East Asia is mostly published in English or only available through the scientific literature, which limits
access. We seek to produce a clearly written, non-technical publication tailoring key messages about OA to East
Asian ecosystems, fisheries, and policy needs. The publication will promote understanding of OA challenges andopportunities, based on scientific knowledge, among these key groups, and will be published in Mandarin andJapanese as well as English. This information will enable key sectors to adapt to challenges and take advantage
of upcoming opportunities. A clear connection between OA impacts and East Asian society will support policy
decision-making around fishery and harvesting management, and will explicitly link OA-related ecosystem changes
to international policy drivers. We invite the PICES community to provide feedback on our draft document: Have
we chosen the right messages? Are we communicating them clearly? What could we do better?

S10-P2 (13401)

Recent deoxygenation in the Japan Sea Proper Water in the northeastern Japan Basin
Toshiya Nakano1,2, Daisuke Sasano1,2, Takahiro Kitagawa1, Naoki Nagai1, Yoshiteru Kitamura1, Michio Aoyama3,and Masao Ishii2,1
1
2
3Japan Meteorological Agency, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: nakano_t@met.kishou.go.jp
Meteorological Research Institute, Tsukuba, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan/Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima
University, Fukushima, Japan

We investigated the temporal variability in the properties of the Japan Sea Proper Water (JSPW) in the northeasternJapan Basin of the Japan Sea where the water depth exceeds 3500 m, using high-quality data of ship-based
measurements being conducted each year since 2010 by the Japan Meteorological Agency. From the verticalprofiles of potential temperature (θ) and dissolved oxygen (O2) and their temporal variabilities, the JSPW isclassified into three distinctive layers such as the Upper JSPW, the Deep Water and the Bottom Water. The largest
O2 decreases (11 to 18 μmol/kg for 2010–2017) was observed in the Upper JSPW between 500 m and 1000 m.
Consequently, an O2 minimum layer emerged at around 1000 m in 2013 and is being developed to date. The
decrease of O2 in the Upper JSPW accompanied the increase of nitrate. The decrease of O2 and warming (4 μmol/
kg and 0.01°C, respectively, for the same period) were also observed on σθ=27.349 kg/m3 in the deeper Bottom
Water below 2500 m where the water is vertically uniform. The results of this study are helpful in understanding thedifference of circulation structure in the Japan Basin, the formation of JSPW, and mixing and biological process.
Further examination is also necessary to reveal the variability and its mechanism of warming and deoxygenationin the JSPW by analysis of a comparable high-quality data in the Japan Sea.

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PICES-2018

S10-P3 (13409)

Temporal variation of the saturation state of carbonate in intermediate waters of western
North PacificTsuneo Ono1, Katsunori Kimoto2, and Yuji Okazaki1
1
2

Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: tono@fra.affrc.go.jp
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan

Many studies have investigated the acidification of surface waters, but only few information exist for acidification
state of sub-surface waters. Response of mesopelagic organisms against sub-surface acidification has also
remained almost unknown. In 1997, we had investigated the saturation state of carbonate in the intermediatewaters of western North Pacific, as well as the vertical distribution and morphology of Globorotalia scitula,a typical mesopelagic-floating foraminifer. Repeated observation was then carried out in 2016-2017, and the
20-years difference of carbonate saturation state and vertical distribution of G. scitula were evaluated.
DIC had significantly increased in the waters above the isopycnals of sq = 27.0, and the saturation horizon ofaragonite had shoaled from the isopycnals of sq = 26.9 in 1997 to that of sq
26.8 in 2016-2017. In the waters between sq = 27.1 to 27.4, on the other hand, slight decrease of DIC from 1997
to 2016-2017 were observed as well as significant increase of water temperature and salinity. As this result, thesaturation horizon of calcite had deepened from the isopycnals of sq = 27.2 in 1997 to that of sq = 27.3 in 20162017. Vertical maximum of G. scitula population had moved from the density range of sq = 27.1 – 27.2 in 1997
to that of sq = 27.2 – 27.3 in 2016-2017. This may indicate that G. scitula had changed its main habitat along withthe temporal shift of the saturation horizon of calcite.

S10-P4 (13447)

A marine carbon model coupled with an operational ocean model product for ocean
acidification studies in the North Western PacificMiho Ishizu1, Yasumasa Miyazawa1, Tomohiko Tsunoda2, Xinyu Guo1,3
1
2
3

Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Kanagawa, Japan. E-mail: mishizu@jamstec.go.jp
The Ocean Policy Institute of the Sasakawa Peace Foundation, Tokyo, Japan.
Ehime University, Ehime, Japan.

Ocean acidification causes serious damages to marine ecosystems such as coral reefs in the subtropical regionand species or groups of organisms in the polar region. Damages due to increasing the ocean acidity are further
predicted to affect broader areas and bring about great risks of marine organisms. We recently have developed amarine carbon model coupled with an operational ocean model product (JCOPE), aiming at investigating ongoing
ocean acidification processes in the North Western Pacific, focusing on their associated physical-biogeochemical
processes and social risks. The latest version of the model successfully reproduced reasonable chlorophyll-a,nutrients and pH values, after a lot of improvements including initial conditions of carbon parameters andmultiple parameter optimization. Simulated seasonal variability, however, shows some problems yet, especiallyfor chlorophyll-a variation in the subarctic region. We will solve these issues in future and will provide theinformation on the present status of the carbon cycle in the marginal/coastal sea areas around Japan.

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S10-P5 (13631) CANCELLED

Development and persistence of hypoxia and related environmental parameters at Jinhae
Bay, south coast of Korea in 2011-2015
Mi-Ju Ye1, JeongHee Shim2, Jae Hyun Lim3, Jung-no Kwon3 and Tongsup Lee41234BLTEC Korea Limited, Seoul, Republic of Korea. E-mail: mjye@bltec.co.kr
East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Republic of Korea
Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea

Jinhae Bay, a semi-enclosed embayment located in south coast of Korea is major aquaculture area of shellfish
and a nursery ground for commercially important fishes. Since late 1960’s industrial and domestic waste fromadjacent cities and industrial complexes have loaded and resulted in chronic hypoxia in Jinhae Bay. As a nationwide environmental monitoring for aquaculture in Korea, Jinhae Bay was surveyed every two month (half monthin hypoxia season) and observed seawater properties as well as meteorological conditions. During the study
periods, hypoxia was usually developed on late May~June from innermost small bays, extended out into the
Jinhae on August and weakened and/or disappeared by late September~October from the Jinhae to inner small
bays sequentially. Duration and intensity (expressed as oxygen deficiency index) of hypoxia in 2012 were higher(19.8 weeks and 102.3), and averages of water temperature and salinity during the hypoxia period were also
higher and lower, respectively than in other years. It means that strong stratification (expressed as stability index)
in water column caused by high temperature and low salinity in surface water might be an important factor for
development and persistence of hypoxia in Jinhae Bay. If high (> 0.1) levels of stability index lasts more than
2~4 weeks on May~June, thermodynamic conditions are ready to develop a hypoxia in Jinhae Bay. Next steps ofhypoxia studies in Jinhae Bay will be focused on prediction and forecasting the hypoxia in future climate changeusing a simple numerical model based on temporally high-resolution measurements.

S10-P6 (13640)

Long-term Trends in surface ocean pCO2 seasonality in the northwestern North PacificAkio Ishida
Tokoha University, Shizuoka, Japan. E-mail: ishida@sz.tokoha-u.ac.jp

Long-term trends in surface ocean pCO2 seasonality in the northwestern North Pacific is investigated by using
monthly mapped datasets over two decades. Surface pCO2 varies seasonally, higher in winter and lower in summer
in the subarctic region. In contrast, it varies lower during winter and higher during summer in the subtropicalregion. The purpose of this study is to examine the area where the seasonal fluctuation of surface pCO2 isincreasing over long-term by investigating the trend (increase rate) in winter (March) and summer (September),respectively. The difference of surface pCO2 increase trends in September and March is remarkably high in thesubtropical-subarctic transition region between 35°N and 42°N and in the subarctic area between 42°N and around
46°N. In the southern subarctic area between 42°N and around 46°N, high surface pCO2 trend region extends
zonally, resulting in the seasonal amplitude becoming larger. In the subtropical-subarctic transition region, pCO2
trend in September is higher that in March, resulting in the seasonal amplitude becoming larger as well. The
long-term trends of seasonal temperature and dissolved inorganic carbon changes are presented to explain thesecharacteristic features.

179

PICES-2018

S11: Influence of climate and environmental variability on pelagic and forage
species
S11-P1 (13323)

Spatiotemporal variations of chaetognaths associated with hydrographic features in the
coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan
Wentseng Lo and Wenting Luo
Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC.
E-mail: lowen@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw

The hydrography of coastal waters off southwestern Taiwan shows apparently seasonal changes, and is usuallyinteractively influenced by seasonal precipitation, river runoffs, and the intrusion of different water masses.
It is thus characterized by complex hydrographical conditions that affect zooplankton communities and theirdistribution. Based on our investigations of three seasonal cruises from September 2016 to June 2017, we identified
21 chaetognath taxa belonging to 10 genera and 3 families, with mean abundance of 2466 ± 460 inds./100m3.
Flaccisagitta enflata (providing 32.4% of the total abundance of chaetognaths), Aidanosagitta neglecta (with19.6%), and Aidanosagitta regularis (with 14.4%) were the three dominant taxa. Chaetognaths were common inthis study area, and generally showed higher abundance and species richness in cold and dry winters (January),
but lower abundances were often found near the estuary. The distribution patterns of the chaetognath assemblages
were closely linked to the hydrographic features in the study area, with other zooplankton taxa, Chla, and salinity
being the three most important factors.

S11-P2 (13381)

Why the body size of walleye pollock larvae in Funka Bay and the adjacent waters,
Hokkaido was large in 2016?
Mitsuhiro Ishino1, Tomonori Hamatsu1, Masayuki Chimura1, Hiroshige Tanaka2 and Yuuho Yamashita1
12

Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Kushiro, Japan.
E-mail: ishinom@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA), Shimizu, Japan.

The body size of larva is considered an important factor for survival, especially for the Japanese Pacific stock ofwalleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus. This stock is known to spawn from December to March in and around the
Funka Bay, and larvae are distributed in these waters until May. This study aims to explain the variation of larval
size in April by the marine environment around spawning ground in winter. Eggs were collected by vertical haulsof a ring net monthly from December (or January) to March in 2005-2016. Larvae were collected by horizontal
hauls of a frame trawl net in mid-April since 2005 except 2011, draw ~100 larvae from each trawl catch andmeasured their standard lengths. Their spawning season peaked in January, except for 2005 and 2007 (peaked in
December). The mean standard length of larvae(mean±SD) were ranged from 11.7±1.9mm to 18.0±2.8mm, larvaein 2016 was the largest and in 2013 was the smallest. The mean sea surface temperature from January to March in2016 was 7.4℃, it is 2℃ or more higher than the value in other years. The peak of spawning season was similar
after 2008, therefore it was suggested that the largest size of larvae in 2016 was caused by the exceptionallyhighest water temperature in winter. In the next step, we will examine the effect of the body size of larvae on
predation mortality of them.

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PICES-2018

S11-P3 (13398)

Changes in the fish species composition seasonality and in the coastal zones of the Tsushimawarm current during periods of climate change: Observations from the set-net fishery of
Chiba Prefecture in Japan
Ching-Hsien Ho1 and Nobuyuki Yagi2
1

2

Coastal and Offshore Resources Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (R.O.C).
E-mail: 20031005@ntou.edu.tw
Tokyo University, Tokyo, Japan

In order to understand the impact of climate change on coastal fisheries in Japan, this study collected a long-term
data set of set-net catches, reported from the Chiba Prefecture in Japan to analyze catch composition. The Chiba
Prefecture is located at main current of Kuroshio Current (KC) flows through the area. The increase or decreaseof the trend of the KC has important impact on fishery resources. In the study, we has been selected to three area
to collection and compute the SST and SSTA. And, we used SSTA and CPUE of dominant species to analyze
the regression analysis. The results analyses showed that the study period could be divided into three periods.
In the catch composition, the main catch species is pelagic fishes during the period 1965-2013 (catch ratio about
89.96%). The catch composition is difference in different periods. In the 1965-1970, the main catch species iswarm-water species (catch ratio about 45.47%). In the 1971-1996, the main catch species change from warmwater species to cold-water species (catch ratio about 38.41%). After 1997, the main catch species change fromcold-water species to warm-water species again (catch ratio about 51.27%). Pearson regression analysis result also
showed that change of catch composition was associated with changes in intensities of the KC.

S11-P4 (13515) CANCELLED

Linkages between pelagic temperature and zooplankton abundance, and growth andrecruitment of Pacific Ocean perch in Alaska
Christopher N. Rooper1, Jennifer L. Boldt2, Peter-John F. Hulson3, and Sonia Batten41234National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: chris.rooper@noaa.gov
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA
Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, Nanaimo, BC, Canada

Pacific Ocean perch (POP, Sebastes alutus) are a broadly distributed, abundant and commercially important
species in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). During early-late juvenile stages they inhabit rocky habitats at depths
from 85 - 245 m along mostly the continental shelf and consume primarily zooplankton species. We constructeda bioenergetics model for juvenile POP driven by monthly mean temperatures and the duration of the growing
season inferred from continuous plankton recorder data. Spatially explicit growth potential was predicted for
1987-2016 and was found to be highest in the eastern GOA (where water temperatures are generally higher in thesummer) and lowest westward of Kodiak. This spatial pattern was consistent across most years, but the temporal
pattern was highly variable. The interannual variability is a combination of the interplay between the duration of
the zooplankton bloom and water temperature during that bloom. For example, in 2005, there was an extremely
short duration for the zooplankton bloom, yet water temperatures in the spring were the highest in the time series.
This resulted in about average growth potential for the year. In contrast, 2002 and 2003 had two of the longest
durations of the zooplankton bloom and about average water temperatures, which resulted in two years of very
high growth potential across the Gulf of Alaska. A stock-recruit model was constructed that incorporated growthpotential and it was found that growth explained 33% of the variability in POP recruitment (about four times thevariability explained by spawning stock size alone).

181

PICES-2018

S11-P5 (13591)

On the relationship between sea temperature and fishing ground formations of chubmackerel in the region off Sanriku, northwestern PacificTakeshi Okunishi1, Daisuke Hasegawa1, Chikako Watanabe2, Ryuji Yukami2 and Kazuyoshi Watanabe3
1

2
3

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Japan.
E-mail: okunishi@affrc.go.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Japan
Japan Fisheries Information Service Center, Tokyo, JapanThe chub mackerel, Scomber japonicus, is one of the most commercially utilized fish spices in the northwestern
Pacific. For efficient fisheries, it has been long demanded by fishermen that the important environmental factors
impacting on the fish distributions should be identified to predict the locations and the timings of the fishingground to be formed. In this study, the relationships between the purse seine fisheries record of chub mackerel
and oceanographic conditions in the region off Sanriku, northeastern Japan were examined for the fishing seasonof August to October by using data from 1995 to 2015. The geographical location of the offshore Oyashio
front, the surface layer (0-50 m depth) temperature distributions, and the fishing ground distributions had large
interannual fluctuations. When the offshore Oyashio front shifts south (north) during early spring and summer,
sea temperature in the southern region off Sanriku becomes relatively low before fishing season in spring, thenthe fishing grounds locate relatively in the southern (northern) region off Sanriku during summer and autumn.
This result indicates that there is a predictability of main region of chub mackerel fishing grounds based on theoceanographic conditions before the fishing season.

S11-P6 (13636)

Occurrence of Japanese whiting Sillago japonica in the shallow coastal waters of thecentral Seto Inland Sea
Yuji Terada and Jun Shoji
Takehara Fisheries Research Station, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, JAPAN. E-mail: m172635@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Japanese whiting Sillago japonica is widely distributed in coastal waters of Japan, and is one of the important
targets for fishery and game fishing. The spawning season of this species is from June to October and the female
lays tens of thousands of eggs per spawning. Spawning behavior has been observed almost every day at watertemperature >26℃. Information on early life history of the species has been accumulated in the sandy beaches ofTokyo bay. However, the information on spawning and early life history in nature in other areas is very limited.
In the present study, we investigated seasonal occurrence of juvenile and adult Japanese whiting and their bodylength in the central Seto Inland Sea, southwestern Japan. Field survey was conducted one to two times per monthfrom June 2017 to April 2018. Japanese whiting were collected from early June 2017 to December 2017 with ahighest abundance in late August. Abundance of adult fish decreased after late August when juveniles started tooccur in the survey site. Growth of the juveniles were analyzed by the use of otolith daily increments. Possible
effect of water temperature experienced by each juvenile on recent growth rate was investigated.

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PICES-2018

S11-P7 (13651)

Assessing the availability and accessibility of prey for the Southern Resident Killer Whales
Mei Sato and Andrew W. Trites
Marine Mammal Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
E-mail: m.sato@oceans.ubc.ca

The Southern Resident Killer Whales are listed as endangered in Canada and the United States. The population
numbers 75 individuals and has declined by more than 10% since 2005. Reduction of prey, specifically Chinook
salmon, has been identified as a threat to the recovery of the Southern Resident Killer Whale population. However,
little is known about the availability of Chinook and whether there are sufficient fish for them to prey upon during
summer when this population of killer whales has traditionally come to the Salish Sea to feed. We conducted
ship-based hydroacoustic surveys, combined with hydrographic measurements and visual surveys for marine
mammals, to examine the fine-scale vertical and horizontal distributions and organization of plankton, forage
fish, and salmon in areas designated as critical habitats for Southern Resident Killer Whales. Our study addresses
a critical knowledge gap in predator-prey interactions, and provides insights into the future management options
that might be implemented to facilitate recovery of the Southern Resident Killer Whale population.

S11-P8 (13679)

Photobehaviors of the marine calanoid copepod Calanus sinicus under wavelengthspecific light
Zhencheng Tao1, 2, Mengtan Liu1, 3 and Wuchang Zhang1, 2
1

2

3

Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao
266071, China. E-mail: taozc@qdio.ac.cn
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,
Qingdao 266071, China
Jiaozhou Bay Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.

The effects of wavelength-specific visible light, white light, and ultraviolet-B (UV-B, 280–315 nm) on selectedbehaviors, spawning rate, and hatching rate of the marine copepod Calanus sinicus collected from the Yellow
Sea were studied. Calanus sinicus placed in a partitioned experimental system responded positively to blue andgreen light but negatively to yellow light and UV-B. No obvious dodge activity was found among C. sinicus
irradiated with <0.005 mW/cm2 UV-B. Under 0.20, 0.30 and 0.50 mW/cm2 UV-B radiation, the lethal half times ofindividuals were 30.47, 2.86, and 1.96 hours, respectively. Grazing of C. sinicus was restrained at >0.10 mW/cm2
UV-B, whereas yellow light stimulated grazing. Egg production was highest at a white-light intensity of 1.58 mW/
cm2, with an average rate of 10.04 eggs/(female·d). These results are consistent with the observed phenomenon
that C. sinicus in the Yellow Sea mostly spawn near dawn. We propose that both the light intensity and spectrum
are the most important factors influencing the diel vertical migration of C. sinicus under natural conditions in the
sea.

183

PICES-2018

S11-P9 (13702)

Salmon and people in a changing world: Introducing the International Year of the Salmon(IYS)
Mark Saunders1, Madeline Young1 and Suam Kim2
1
2

North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC), Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: secretariat@npafc.org
Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea

The International Year of the Salmon (IYS) is a unique opportunity for the peoples of the Northern Hemisphereto “sign up for salmon” in order to emphasize and explore the close link between the health of the planet andthese iconic species. The North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission (NPAFC) and the North Atlantic Salmon
Conservation Organization (NASCO) invite everyone - from schoolchildren to scientists and political leaders - toparticipate in research and outreach activities focusing on the relationship between salmon and people. Startingin 2018 through to 2022, these activities will search for ways to understand and minimize the impact of climatechange and other threats to salmon while celebrating the importance of these international animals. Teams ofexperts will be brought together under each IYS theme (status of salmon, salmon in a changing salmosphere,
new frontiers, human dimension, information systems and outreach and communication) to consider ideas forinnovative projects that will bring about measurable change. A Signature Project in the North Pacific aims tobring salmon research back to the high seas through a coordinated effort of multiple countries during the winter.
Salmon Connections is another concept under development that aims to quantitatively describe and predict
salmon production in the ocean within a model framework facilitating regional comparisons between and within
oceans. Beyond targeted outreach and research projects, there is something for everyone in the IYS. If interested
in learning more or becoming involved, please contact the NPAFC Secretariat at secretariat@npafc.org or the
NASCO Secretariat at hq@nasco.int.

S11-P10 (13714)

Distribution of demersal fishes in the southern Chukchi Sea and Northern Bering Sea
after low ice conditions
Ringo Nishio1, Yuki Takemuro1, Bungo Nishizawa1, Tsubasa Nakano2, Toru Hirawake1, and Orio Yamamura1
1
2

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan.
Fishery Agency, Chiyoda-ku, Japan. E-mail: yamamura@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

In 2017-2018 winter, sea ice extent was at record low in both Bering and Chukchi Seas. The unprecedented lowice condition continued through April, when melt-out (<10% ice extent) occurred in the Bering Sea four weeks
earlier than any other year except 2017. Such a condition would have affected entire ecosystem through high watertemperature, low extent of cold pool, and change in lower-level productions. We will conduct a trawl survey in thenorthern Bering Sea and Southern Chukchi Sea in June – July 2008 onboard T/S Oshoro-maru. The distributionof demersal fishes including Arctic cod will be examined and compared with results from previous years (1990,
2008 and 2013) in relation to the environmental conditions.

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PICES-2018

S11-P11 (13838)

Effects of climate variability on body condition of forage fish sampled by puffins in the
Gulf of Alaska
Sarah Ann Thompson1, Marisol García-Reyes1, William J. Sydeman1, Mayumi L. Arimitsu2, Heather M. Renner3,
Scott A. Hatch4, and John F. Piatt5
1
2
3
4
5

Farallon Institute, Petaluma, CA, USA. E-mail: wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org
U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Juneau, AK, USA
Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK, USA
Institute for Seabird Research and Conservation, Anchorage, AK, USA
U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK, USA

Changing food webs and energy transfer efficiencies are substantial threats of climate change to marine vertebrates
today. Few previous studies, however, had time series long enough to examine interannual or lower-frequency
variation in prey quality in the North Pacific. Here, we utilize long-term time series of seabird diets in Alaska toinvestigate variability in forage fish body condition as a proxy to the nutritional value of these prey to predators.
We test the hypothesis that forage fish body condition varies in relation to ocean conditions that regulate
ecosystem productivity. To test this hypothesis, we used morphometric data for capelin (Mallotus villosus) and
Pacific sand lance (PSL; Ammodytes personatus) captured by rhinoceros auklets (Cerorhinca monocerata) andbrought to breeding colonies, where they were collected and measured. From length and mass of each fish,
we calculated Fulton’s K index of body condition for two sites in the Gulf of Alaska and related it to regional(SST and stratification) and large-scale (PDO and NPGO) ocean conditions. Forage fish body condition variedinterannually and between sites, though this depended on age class. Condition of both species at both sites was
negatively related to the PDO; there was no significant model found for age-0 PSL at one site. Significant models
with regional environmental drivers included negative relationships with seasonal SST and positive relationships
with stratification. Such environmental drivers of forage fish body condition are thus important to trophic
relationships and upper trophic level predator productivity and populations in the Gulf of Alaska.

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PICES-2018

S12: Applying ecosystem considerations in science advice for managing
highly migratory species
S12-P1 (13330)

Changes in Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) size distribution in the North Pacific Ocean
over 6 millennia: Possible impacts of fishing pressure or environmental variability
Catherine F. West1, Michael A. Etnier2, Megan A. Partlow3, Steven Barbeaux4, and Alexei Orlov5,6,7,8,9
1

2
3
4

5

6
7
8
9

Department of Anthropology, Archaeology Program, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
E-mail: cfwest@bu.edu
Department of Anthropology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA, E-mail: Mike.Etnier@wwu.edu
Department of Anthropology, Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA 98926, USA, E-mail: partlow@kvalley.com
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, 98112, USA.
E-mail: Steve.Barbeaux@noaa.gov
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 17, V. Krasnoselskaya St., Moscow, 107140, Russia.
E-mail: orlov@vniro.ru
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
Dagestan State University, 43A, Gadzhiyev St., Makhachkala, 367000, Russia
Tomsk State University, 36, Prospekt Lenina, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Caspian Institute of 45, Gadzhiyev St., Makhachkala, 367000, Russia

Fish size distributions are widely used to understand the role of harvesting and changing environmental conditions
on fish population dynamics. In the North Pacific Ocean, contemporary size data are used in stock assessments
to determine the health of the Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) population and evaluate effects of commercial
fishing. Zooarchaeological data are available that track cod size variability over thousands of years, recording theimpacts of environmental variability, as well as possible anthropogenic forcing such as climate change and overfishing. However, this broad measure - mean body size - masks variability across and within cod populations.
In this paper, we compile estimates of cod size distributions based on zooarchaeological data and contemporary
length-frequency data to look at size composition through time across the North Pacific from the Kuril Islands toSoutheast Alaska. The results suggest that while cod length varies in both modern and ancient datasets across thisregion, this variability and overall cod length have been consistent for 6 ka.

S12-P2 (13449)

Variation in the catch rate and distribution of swordtip squid (Uroteuthis edulis) associatedwith factors of the oceanic environment in the southern East China Sea
Jia-Huei Lin1, Kuo-Wei Lan1,2 and Cheng-Hsin Liao1,31
23National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224,Taiwan, (R.O.C) E-mail: a0903787667@gmail.com
Center of Excellence for the Ocean, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 20224, Taiwan, (R.O.C)
Taiwan Fisheries Sustainable Development Association, Keelung 20224,Taiwan, (R.O.C)

Predictions from species distribution models are utilized to parameterize the environmental factors that influence
the biology, distribution, and habitats of a species of interest. This study fitted generalized additive models (GAMs)
to spatiotemporal fishery data of light fishing from 2009 to 2013 to investigate the catch rates of swordtip squidin relation to changes in oceanographic conditions and developed a habitat preference model. A high Jensen–
Shannon divergence (JSD) is considered to be an index of a thermal front. The results obtained using the selected
GAMs revealed that the explained deviances in the catch rates pertaining to the oceanographic conditions was
45.10% throughout the year. All the variables used, the sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a, sea surface
height anomaly, and JSD, were statistically significant predictors (p < 0.05), and the JSD explained the greatest
amount of deviance (17.70%). The model predicted relatively high abundance of swordtip squid at 27–28°N in thesouthern East China Sea during spring and a decrease from June to August. The high abundance occurred again
in September and extended to southwest ward to a region including coastal Mainland China. This demonstrated
that the high abundance occurred in the 20.0–26.0°C SST range and 0.35–0.5 JSD range during spring around
27–28°N and movement towards southwest corresponding with shifts in the Kuroshio front (26°C isotherm) insummer and autumn.

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S12-P3 (13544)

Review of stock status of Japanese domestic fisheries and new harvest control rule inJapanese domestic fisheries management
Momoko Ichinokawa and Hiroshi Okamura
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan. E-mail: ichimomo@fra.affrc.go.jp

This presentation reviews the stock status relative to management reference points based on maximum sustainable
yield (MSY) for 37 Japanese stocks. Those stocks contribute to 61% of the total marine capture production in
Japan. We estimated biomass and exploitation rates achieving MSY (BMSY and UMSY, respectively) for the 37 stocks
by assuming hockey-stick stock-recruitment relationships. We found that, during 2011–2013, exploitation rates
of approximately half of the stocks were over UMSY, while spawning biomass of approximately half of the stocks
were less than 0.5BMSY. Nevertheless, exploitation rates steadily decreased and spawning biomass increased on
average over the past 15 years. Historically, Japanese fisheries stock management have not referred to MSY-based
biomass reference points because of some critiques on MSY with high uncertainties. However, in response toworldwide accumulation of best practices on stock rebuilding with explicit management targets, Fisheries Agency
declared a new direction to define explicit MSY-based target biomass in 2017. We devised a new harvest control
rule based on stochastic MSY. It will be applied to Japanese domestic fisheries management in the near future.

S12-P4 (13621)

Role of shallow channel to space-time variation of coastal fisheries resources -Relationshipbetween coastal fisheries resources and oceanographic condition in Hyuga-Nada, JapanTsutomu Tokeshi, Kenji Nakanishi and Hirotaka Toyama
Fishery Research Institute, Miyazaki Prefectural Government, Japan. E-mail: tokeshi-tsutomu@pref.miyazaki.lg.jp

We have studied the relationship between coastal fisheries resources and oceanographic condition in Hyuga-Nada,
Japan. This report outlines the analysis results, and we propose the following hypothesis that the shallow Bungo
channel affected space-time variation of coast fisheries resources at Miyazaki prefecture. The increase of highnutrient and low temperature at low layer in Hyuga-Nada does not contribute to primary production of HyugaNada directly. However, Bungo channel becomes high primary production because of the nutrient supply fromlow layer to surface layer by tidal convection after bottom intrusion (the high nutrient and low temperature at low
layer) from Hyug-Nada. After that, the increased coast fisheries resources (e.g. Pagrus major) due to high foodspreads the habitat area to Hyuga-Nada.

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Biological Oceanography Committee Paper Session
BIO-P1 (13371)

Biomass and community composition of microzooplankton with reference to theirnutritional mode in the North Pacific Ocean
Emiko Takano1, Sachiko Horii1, Yasuhide Nakamura2 and Kazutaka Takahashi1
12Tokyo University, Bunkyo, Japan. E-mail: daphniapulex.pearl@nifty.com
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan

Microzooplankton are important components in the marine ecosystems as the primary grazers on phytoplankton,
as major secondary producers, and as intermediaries between primary producers and copepods. A large partof microzooplankton are basically heterotrophic, but they also include many photoautotrophic or mixotrophic
species, indicating that they also function as the primary producers. Despite of their importance in the marine
ecosystems, the information of biomass and community composition is little known in open water, especiallyof the North Pacific. This study aimed to clarify the geographical variation in the microzooplankton community,
particularly focusing on their taxonomic composition and nutritional form (heterotrophic or mixotrophic).
Investigations were conducted at 30 stations located in the subarctic and subtropical areas in the North Pacificfrom June to October, 2017 during two cruises (KH-17-3 and KH17-4). At the all stations, water samples werecollected from three depths: 0, 10 and 50 m and fixed with 2 % acid–Lugol solution. An aliquant of samples alsopreserved in 1 % glutaraldehyde stained with DAPI to determine the proportion of nutritional mode of each taxon.
Microzooplankton were identified under an inverted microscope, and the number and size of each taxonomic group
was measured. The biomass of ciliates was high in the subarctic samples, while radiolarians were abundant in
the subtropical waters. Dinoflagellates constantly occurred in most of the stations. The abundance of mixotrophic
ciliates and radiolarians was higher in the western Pacific rather than in eastern Pacific. The factors controlling
the geographic variation of the composition and nutrition mode in microzooplankton will be discussed in relation
to oceanographic data.

BIO-P2 (13374)

Community structure of mesozooplankton during spring and summer in the Ulleung
island, Korea
Minju Kim1,2, and Jung-Hoon Kang1,2
12South Sea Environment Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea.
E-mail: minjukim@kiost.ac.kr
Marine Environmental Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea

We investigated the temporal changes in the structure of mesozooplankton community around Ulleung-island,
Korea during spring and summer of 2017. Study stations at Ulleung-island consist of 6 coastal stations around
Ulleung-island and 6 stations on transect from Ulleung-island to open-sea. Mesozooplankton samples werecollected in the surface mixed layer (SML) by vertical hauls using a standard type net. The average SML depths
were ~28 m in spring and ~24 m in summer. The vertical distribution of temperature ranged 11.3-17.8°C (average= 16.5°C) during spring and temperature ranged 16.1-26.1°C (average = 22.8°C) during summer. Relatively cold
water (~12.3°C) was observed at 25 m depth at st.30 during spring. The abundance of mesozooplankton ranged
between 917-10,648 inds.m-3, peaked at st.30 during spring and ranged between 960-7,175 inds.m-3, peaked atst.50 during summer. The average abundance for mesozooplankton was 1.6 times higher in spring than summer.
The mesozooplankton community was numerically dominated by copepods which comprised 82.7%(spring) and
45.7%(summer). The next dominant groups were appendicularians (13.1%) and cirripedians (1.9%) during spring,and Noctiluca scintillans (26.4%), thaliaceans (10.1%), cladocerans(6.5%) and foraminiferans (6.5%) during
summer. The results of cluster analysis based on Bray-Curtis index showed that mesozooplankton community
were classified into 3 groups at 35% (spring) and 42% (summer) similarity. The dominant appendicularians(Oikopleura spp.) appeared only in spring while N. scintillans appeared only in summer, indicating that thosetaxa may have environmental preference with the temperature. Present study will discuss more about the temporaloccurrence of mesozooplankton and the related environmental factors around Ulleung-island.

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BIO-P3 (13406)

The role of ammonium excretion of small planktonic copepods in epipelagic nitrogen
cycle in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean
Ken-ichi Nakamura1, Kazutaka Takahashi1, Fuminori Hashihama2 and Ken Furuya3
1
2
3

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: kenichi-nakamura3176@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
Soka University, Hachioji, Japan

In the subtropical ecosystem where nitrogen depleted, biological production is generally sustained by regenerated
production, and copepods are important players in nutrient regeneration. Accurate evaluation of the nitrogenexcretion by planktonic copepod is, therefore, pivotal to understand the biogeochemical cycle in the subtropicaloceans. However, the evaluation of excretion in small copepods (<1 mm) which numerically dominate themesozooplankton community have not been determined due to methodological constraints: generally, the ratesof small copepods by incubation experiment at species level is difficult due to its lower excretion than thedetection limit of traditional analytical methods. In this study, we attempted to measure the excretion rates insmall copepods individually by using highly sensitive analytical methods during the cruise which transected
the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. The individual rates of small copepods including the genus of Acartia,
Calocalanus, Clausocalanus, Corycaeus, Oithona, and Oncaea (Day: 111 ind., Night: 92 ind.) were successfully
determined. We also measured the rate of large copepods including the genus of Centropages, Cosmocalanus,
Eucalanus, Labidocera, Neocalanus, Pontella, and Sapphirina (Day: 49 ind., Night: 90 ind.). The diel variationof the rate was not observed in the most genus including Acartia, Clausocalanus, Corycaeus, Oithona, Oncaea,
and Cosmocalanus (29–30℃). Based on these data, we will present the total ammonium excretion from copepod
community during day and at night to evaluate their role in the nitrogen regeneration in the epipelagic subtropical
Pacific.

BIO-P4 (13421)

Appearance characteristics of harmful algal bloom species related with coastal
environments caused by different water mass in southern sea of Korea
Seung Ho Baek, Jin Ho Kim, Minji Lee and Kyoungsoon ShinSouth Sea Research Institute, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Korea. E-mail: baeksh@kiost.ac.kr

From the last several decades, HABs (harmful algal blooms) have increased steadily in both species complexity
and geographical extent all over the world. In the present study, we investigated the appearance characteristics ofthe harmful algal blooms (HABs) and non-HABs and its relationship to environmental factors during late springand summer in the southern sea of Korea in 2016. Also, we divided into three different zones based on cluster
analysis and non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS), which focused on phytoplankton geo-oceanographic
characteristics. In late spring, strong upwelling event was occurred in Zone II that the surface seawater temperature(SST) and nutrients were abnormally low and high, respectively. In summer, an unusually high temperature(c.a.30°C) and low salinity (c.a.29) levels were measured in offshore areas of Zone III, indicating that.a large
amount of the Changjiang diluted water from Changjiang River of China had a great environmental and biologicaleffect on the southern sea of Korea. In particular, most of inshore and coastal stations during late spring wereaffected by Korean river discharges, namely Nakdong River and Kahwa River, whereas most of offshore stations
during summer were strongly influenced by Chinese Changjiang diluted water. Due to these two different hydrooceanographic characteristics, non-HABs (i.e., diatoms) in inshore waters and HABs (i.e., dinoflagellates) in
offshore waters had a conflicting appearances caused by suitable habitat distribution, which was depended on the
abiotic factors such as nutrient and salinity. According to canonical correspondence analysis, dominant HABs
dinoflagelltes genus Karenia appeared in upwelling areas with high nutritional content while Gymnodinium,
Gyrodinium and Prorocentrum appeared in areas of low nutrient condition in late spring, and Gymnodinium,
Gyrodinium, Karenia, Prorocentrum and Scrippsiella showed an equivalent tendency to appear at high watertemperature and low saline level in summer, Our results implicated that hydro-oceanographic characteristics suchas coastal nutrient-rich-water providing event by upwelling in late spring and dominating the Changjiang diluted
water in summer have play an important roles in determining the potential appearance characteristics of HABs
and non-HABs in southern sea of Korea, particularly in aqua-culture farming area of Tongyeong-Geoje.

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BIO-P5 (13422)

Succession phenomenon of Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium affine relatedwith changes of coastal environments in the southern sea of Korea in summer
Young Kyun Lim, Seung Ho Baek, Jin Ho Kim, Minji Lee, Young Ok Kim, and Hyun Ho ShinSouth Sea Research Institute, KIOST (Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Korea. E-mail: baeksh@kiost.ac.kr

Among the harmful algal blooms (HABs) species, the dinoflagellate Cochlodinium, and Alexandrium species
have been studied widely, due to their serious damages to the aquaculture industry. The present study investigated
the appearance and succession patterns of HABs in the Korean coasts, and performed the bioassay using
Cochlodinium polykrikoides and Alexandrium affine cultures to evaluate their competitive relationship andexplain the succession phenomenon of HABs. From June to August, surface water temperature increased from20.3°C to 26.8°C and the salinity decrease from 33.9 to 31.8 psu, and the stratification developed strongly. In thistime, nutrient concentrations were kept low in surface layer, then dinoflagellate HABs species, C. polykrikoides,
dominated in zone I, but A. affine dominated both zone I and II in middle August. In growth experiments, C.
polykrikoides did not grow at 20 psu of 25 °C and 27°C, and it was dead within 2 days in all cultivation of 30°C.
The maximum growth rate (μmax) of C. polykrikoides was 0.31 d-1 at 25°C of 32 psu. A. affine showed negative
growth rates at 15°C, but it grew well in all salinity at 20 °C to 30 °C. The maximum growth rate (μmax) of A.
affine was 0.43 d-1 at 25 °C of 30 psu. In co-cultivation, A. affine had a competitive advantage at all temperatures,
which of 1: 1 ratio of initial cell density of both species. In co-cultivations of gradient initial cell density (1:3 1:10
and 1:100), the species had higher initial cell density showed a competitive advantage, except for 30°C. Although
the initial concentration of A. affine was lower, it was dominated due to extinction of C. polykrikoides in 30°C.
All field data and bioassay indicated that Alexandrium prevailed over Cochlodinium in relatively lower salinity
and higher temperature levels, which may have an important role in determining the succession of both HABs.

BIO-P6 (13423)

The rapid kit and its digital reader for harmful algal detection
SeungshicYum, Kyoungsoon Shin, and Seung Ho Baek
South Sea Research Institute, KIOST(Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology), Korea. E-mail: baeksh@kiost.ac.kr

We have challenged to develop the immunochromatography based rapid kit for microalgae detection for developing
more quick, accurate, and efficient method which could have predictive and prognostic function to overcome thedifficulties of conventional method for microorganisms monitoring. As a result, a rapid kit using monoclonal
antibodies (mAbs) raised against α-tubulin of Heterocapsa triquetra, a candidate of harmful algal bloom species
in the coast of Korea. The rapid kit showed a positive signal at about 5,000 cells of H. triquetra; 50,000 cells of
H. pygmaea and Cochlodinium polykrikoides; and so on. The mAb against RuBisCo (Ribulose-1.5-bisphosphatecarboxylase /oxygenase) large subunit and Photosystem I subunit 9 of Alexandrium tamarense, which produces
paralytic shellfish, were also raised. We also developed a digital reader for the rapid kit for quantitative predictionof microalgal cells in a sample.

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BIO-P7 (13432)

Copepod community structure and energy flow around subpolar front in the East Sea(Japan Sea)
Dong-Hoon Im1, Seung-Kyu Kim1 and Hae-Lip Suh2
12

Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea. E-mail: skkim@inu.ac.kr
Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea

Difficult access to specie-specific differences in resource utilization and feeding habitat of copepods limits theinformation on the effect of global warming on the energy flow in pelagic ecosystems. We investigated inter- andintraspecific differences in the resource uses and feeding migration ranges among copepods within the epipelagiczone in the south and north regions of the subpolar front (SPF) in the East Sea (Japan Sea) in the spring using stable
isotope analysis (SIA). SIA indicated that interspecific difference in resource utilization and vertical segregationof feeding migration range among copepods could promote niche partitioning among sympatric copepod species
across SPF. Moreover, we found remarkable differences in copepod species composition and resource utilizationof copepods across SPF. South region showed higher copepod species richness than north region, while copepod
body size which fed mainly on particulate organic matter (POM) in surface and subsurface chlorophyll maximum
layers was smaller in south region. These revealed that food chain length between primary producer and higher
trophic levels was longer in south region of SPF. Additionally, δ13C and δ15N values of copepods increased
gradually with increase of body size, while δ15N values in north region showed reverse trend. Latter results could
result from consumption of deep layer POM in small copepods in north region. We suggest that northward shifts
in copepod distribution under global warming may decrease energy efficiency in pelagic ecosystem. Moreover, wesuggest that species-based approach to trophic position can provide more detailed information on plankton food
web than size-based approach.

BIO-P8 (13434)

Geographical variation of UV protective compounds in zooplankton in the subtropicalNorth Pacific Ocean
Sijun Chen1, Kazutaka Takahashi1, Victor S. Kuwahara2, Tomoyo Katayama1
1
2

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: chensijun1991@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
SOKA University, Tokyo, Japan

Ultraviolet radiation, especially UV-B, is harmful to living organisms because it can cause DNA damage. In
particular, epipelagic organisms in the subtropical ocean need to adapt to high levels of sea-surface UV-B radiation
and relatively deep transparency throughout the year, suggesting that UV-B is an important environmental factor
that can affect plankton distribution and production. In previous studies of freshwater systems, some zooplankton
tended to accumulate photo-protective compounds, such as carotenoids or mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs)
as protection from UV damage. However, the function of these photo-protective compounds in zooplankton
in subtropical marine ecosystems still requires further investigation. Therefore, this research aims to reveal thegeographic variation of UV-B protective compounds in zooplankton in relation to the environmental variables inthe subtropical north Pacific. Research was conducted at 12 stations during the cruise (KH17-4) along the 23ºN
transect. Surface and subsurface UV radiation was measured at noon with a PUV-500/510. Phytoplankton andzooplankton samples were collected in the surface layer (0 – 100 m) throughout the cruise in order to determine thecarotenoids and MAAs contents. Our results showed that UV penetration depth had an increasing trend from east
to west along the transect. Carotenoid content in epipelagic copepods was relatively low at eastern stations, andrelatively high at four of the western stations while overall distribution patterns did not relate to UV attenuation.
The relationship to other environmental factors such as Chl-a, mixed layer depth, and PAR penetration in relation
to the distribution of photo-protective compounds will be also discussed.

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BIO-P9 (13473)

Seasonal occurrences and diel color changes of planktonic copepods Sapphirinidae(Copepoda, Cyclopoida) in Sagami Bay, Japan
Kana Otaka1, Kazutaka Takahashi2, Tomohiko Kikuchi1, Tatsuki Toda3 and Shinji Shimode1
1

2
3

Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan.
E-mail: otaka-kana-ct@ynu.jp
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan

Two genera 18 species belonging to the family Sapphirinidae have been reported around Japanese water, and its
adult males exhibit iridescence. Adult males of Sapphirina nigromaculata are known to show diel color changes
under continuous darkness. The first purpose of this study is to clarify seasonal occurrences of Sapphirinidae
species in Sagami Bay to decide species for later color-change experiments. The second aim is to confirm whether
the adult males, including S. nigromaculata, show diel color changes under 24-hour light/dark cycle condition.
Samples for seasonal occurrences were collected from January 2015 to November 2017 and the incubation
experiments were conducted from May 2016 to July 2017. We collected 2 genera 9 species of Sapphirinidae in
Sagami Bay. Sapphirina species were collected from spring and Copilia species occurred from early summer.
Both genera continued to be collected until December and disappeared during winter. This result suggests that
Sapphirinidae is not permanent residents inside of the bay and might be supplied from the outside by seasonal
inflows, such as branch currents of the Kuroshio. We conducted the experiments on 8 species. Among these, 5species did not show any diel color changes. Although S. nigromaculata showed the diel color change, there
was no difference between continuous dark and light/dark cycle conditions, raising possibility that the change
is controlled by circadian rhythm. In addition, S. intestinata and C. mirabilis showed the similar color changes.
(231words)

BIO-P10 (13475)

Plankton diversity and community structure based on a cabled observatory data
Gabriel R. Freitas1, Hidekatsu Yamazaki1, Rubens Lopes2, Leandro Ticlia2 and Takeyoshi Nagai1
1
2

Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: gabrielruske@gmail.com
University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil

Classic problems in plankton ecology addressing communities’ structure, function and variability demand a highresolution and multidisciplinary observational approach. In this context, we examined the interactions between
the coastal environment and the plankton community of Izu-Oshima, Japan, thorough a multi-parameter cabledobservatory (OCEANS) composed of biological, physical, chemical and imaging – Continuous Plankton Imaging
and Classification Sensor (CPICS) – sensors. Analyses of plankton community composition and alpha diversity
over the scope of almost 2 years reviewed the following: a. plankton alpha diversity showed a seasonal patternand decreased towards winter; b. an inter-annual variability in diversity was correlated to a difference in watermass composition; c. the alpha diversity power spectrum density showed a 1/f power law signature (“pink noise”)
slope, with peaks at a daily frequency that were correlated with zooplankton diurnal vertical migration; d. marine
aggregate dominated with at least 75% of the total particle abundance. These findings are novel in the scientific
literature and represent the value of a high-frequency observational approach; an essential step to identify futurechanges in the marine environment. The project is still in progress where the automatic classified plankton images
data is being manually validated.

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BIO-P11 (13491)

Nitrogen isotope landscape in primary producers in the Pacific Ocean
Sachiko Horii1, Kazutaka Takahashi1, Takuhei Shiozaki2, Iwao Tanita3, Yoshiki Kato4, Taketoshi Kodama5, Tsuneo
Ono6, Hiroaki Kurogi7 and Ken Furuya8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: horii-sachiko@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
JAMSTEC, Yokosuka, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Nagasaki, Japan
Marine Fisheries Research and Development Center, Yokohama, Japan
Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Niigata, Japan
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Japan
Soka University, Hachioji, Japan

We investigated geographical variability of nitrogen sources of primary production in the Pacific Ocean byexamining δ15N of particulate organic matter (POM, >0.6 μm) as a proxy of phytoplankton, and nitrogen fixation.
Samples were collected from the surface layer at 510 stations in the Pacific covering from the equatorial tosubarctic region, and δ15N of POM in literatures was also used (n = 174). δ15N of POM in the Pacific Ocean waswithin the range between −3 and 15‰. In regions other than subtropical waters, δ15N varied below 8‰, and was
negatively correlated with nitrate concentration, indicating nitrate below the euphotic layer mainly supported
primary production. In the subtropical regions, three distinct areas were recognized: I) low δ15N (< 2‰) withactive nitrogen fixation (>1 nmol N L-1 day-1), II) high δ15N (>8‰), and III) low δ15N with inactive nitrogen
fixation. Area I located in the central area of the subtropical gyres in the North Pacific and the western South
Pacific. Area II occurred in the neighboring waters of the equatorial upwelling and eastern South Pacific. The high
δ15N indicated contribution of horizontally advected nitrate from the equatorial upwelling via Ekman transport inaddition to the upwelled denitrified nitrogen. Area III was found in the western North Pacific. Sources of the lightnitrogen in this region is discussed.

BIO-P12 (13533)

Can an embayment copepod accumulate energy in the body?
Minamo Hirahara, Tatsuki Toda
Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: minamo0820@soka.gr.jp

Food concentration in the embayment area varies abruptly. The calanoid copepod Acartia steueri is a dominant
embayment species in the temperate coastal waters of Sagami Bay, Japan. In this study, we examined the biologicalresponses of A. steueri raised under an abrupt decrease in food concentration and subsequent starvation in thelaboratory. Unlike other neritic species, A. steueri survived for 18 days and continued to produce eggs for 15 days
under starvation. Almost all females which were raised under high food condition for 5 days produced eggs evenunder starvation condition unlike females under high food condition for 2 days. The difference in egg production
between high food period for 2 days and 5 days was caused by the 3-day difference in the high food period. Dry
weight, carbon weight, and C/N ratio of A. steueri under the high food condition were much higher than those ofother Acartia copepods, while the body length of A. steueri were similar. Oil-like droplets in oceanic copepods
were observed in the body cavity of A. steueri raised at the high food condition for more than 10 days. In the field,
the rapid accumulation of lipids during sporadic high food conditions might contribute to continue the metabolism
and egg production under low food conditions until they encounter favorable food conditions again. Thus, thesurvival strategy to abrupt changes in food concentration or starvation might support the population of A. steueri
in the embayment. (241 words)

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BIO-P13 (13570) CANCELLED

Impact of Nature and Antrophogenic Forcing to Chlorophyll-a Variability at Aru Sea,
Indonesia
Susanna Nurdjaman and M. Imron Rosyadi
Departement of Oceanography, Faculty of Earth Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung. Indonesia.
E-mail: susanna@fitb.itb.ac.id

Aru Sea has a high fertility rate, viewed from the abundance of chlorophyll-a through the year. This study aims
to determine the variability of chlorophyll-a concentration in Aru Sea and connect with nature phenomenon likea wind, ENSO, and IOD and also rainfall. This study using MODIS Aqua satellite data level 3 start from 2003 to
2016. This researh divided two zone that is A zone (along Kaimana Beach to Timika Beach) and B zone (along
Timika Beach to Merauke Beach).
The results show that the dominant periods of concentration of chlorophyll-a in A zone and B zone are 6-month
periods and the period of 12-months. Concentration of chlorophyll-a at A zone has one peak type in one year,
in June- August while B zone has two peak types in one year, in January-March and September-November. The
value of concentration of chlorophyll-a at A zone in the temporal scale is high when the condition of SST is
low with correlation is -0.57, while the concentration of chlorophyll-a at B zone is high when the condition of
SST is high with correlation is 0.10. The concentration value of chlorophyll-a in the spatial scale at A zone ishigh due to upwelling, while at B zone high rainfall and river discharge. The correlation concentration value ofchlorophyll-a with sea surface temperature in Aru Sea is strong enough, reaching -0.69. The influences of ENSO
and IOD phenomenon in Aru Sea are low, with the correlation value of chlorophyll-a - DMI about 0.08 and thecorrelation value of chlorophyll-a - ONI about 0.03 and. Strong El Niño and positive IOD phenomenom influence
the increasing concentration of chlorophyll-a. The high rainfall is assumed to cause a greater runoff of river water
carrying nutrients to sea waters, that causes the high concentration of chlorophyll-a especially in waters near thecoast (B zone).

BIO-P14 (13579)

Distribution and environmental characteristics of harmful dinoflagellate Karenia digitata
on the coast of Japan
Setsuko Sakamoto1, Shizuka Ohara2 and Kazuhiko Koike2
12

Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Hatsukaichi, Japan.
E-mail: sssaka@affrc.go.jp
Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan

Red tide of dinoflagellate Karenia digitata occurred and caused massive fishery damages in coastal areas of Japanand Hong Kong in the late 1990s. However, K. digitata had rarely occurred since 2006, in Japan. Therefore,
information on the ecology and distribution of this species on the coast of Japan was limited. After 2012, the redtide which seems to be K. digitata occurred in several regions of western Japan again, and mortality of fish wasobserved. In this research, we aimed to clarify the distribution of K. digitata on the coast of Japan, and to organize
the environmental characteristics when the species occurred. First, to easily and accurately identify K. digitata,
we established the LAMP (Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification) method to detect the species-specific rRNA
gene. Using the LAMP method, as the results of analyzing seawater samples and culture strains obtained fromseveral regions of Western Japan in 2014-2015, K. digitata was detected in the Kii Channel, the Seto InlandSea, the Bungo Channel, the Yatsushiro Sea and the Sea of Japan. The species has occurred mainly in June-Julyand October-November, the distribution at high density was observed in the water depth of 0-5 m, and watertemperature and salinity ranges at the occurrence were 19.2-22.6 °C and 17.8-33.2, respectively. These results
suggest that K. digitata exists extensively from the Kii Channel to western Japan and may occur at a temperaturearound 20 °C in a wide salinity range.

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BIO-P15 (13600)

Molecular Phylogenetic of Oithona based on mitochondrial COI and 18S gene
Du Feiyan1, Wang Xingxia1,2, Xu Lei1, Wang Lianggen1, ChenXiao3, Wang Xuehui1123South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
E-mail: feiyanegg@163.com
College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai ocean university, Shanghai.
College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China

The genus Oithona is one of small size cyclopoid copepods which widely distributed and occurs in all kinds ofmarine environments (estuarine, coastal and oceanic waters). However, identification of Oithona based on micromorphological characters is extremely difficult and time-consuming. Previous fragmentary taxonomic studies
of Oithona in the South China Sea, were based solely on morphology. Here, we started with a survey of species
diversity in the genus Oithona in South China Sea using a morphological approach, then obtained sequencesfrom mitochondrial COI gene and 18S gene from several individuals of different species. DNA taxonomy was
performed using ABGD and GMYC on COI data sets. Phylogenetic trees were built with COI gene and 18S geneincluding the sequences download from DNA database. The results of delimitation using ABGD and GMYC
model were consistent with morphological approach. The genetic divergence based on COI data sets within
species was 0-1.6% while among species varies within a large range, from 17.7% to 44.5%. However, the genetic
divergence based on 18S gene is 0.1% -5%. Phylogenetic trees showed that each species was clustered together asa monophyletic group. O.simplex fist separated from others species indicated pioneer speciation in Oithona. Twocryptic species were found in O.similis and O.plumifera, which were from South China Sea and Mediterranean,
Korea Strait and North Sea, the K2P genetic divergence were 18.6% and 22.9%, respectively.

BIO-P16 (13611)

Pelagic ostracods in Suruga Bay, Japan: their species diversity and population dynamics
Haruka Sato1, Hiroyuki Matsuura1, Takashi Yoshikawa1, Rumi Sohrin2, Yumiko Obayashi3 and Jun Nishikawa1
1
2
3

Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan. E-mail: 7bkgm009@mail.u-tokai.ac.jp
Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, Japan
Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan

Pelagic ostracods include over 200 species in the world. Previous studies have examined their distribution and/orlife history in various parts of the world ocean. However, relatively little detailed knowledge has been accumulated
for those around the Japanese waters, especially those in the Pacific. The aim of this study is to clarify species
composition, the population dynamics, and the community structure of pelagic ostracods in Suruga Bay, Japan.
Samples were collected at a station by the oblique hauls of the ORI net (335 µm mesh) to cover ca. 0–1000 m
water column from January to December 2016. Abundance of ostracods increased during spring and autumn,
and decreased during summer. On the other hand, species richness, the diversity index, Shannon-Wiener’s H’
and the evenness, Pielou’s J’ did not show apparent seasonal patterns and relatively constant throughout theyear. This suggests that the species diversity of ostracods in this deep bay may be in the state of equilibrium.
In total, 63 species were found from a single location, indicating high local diversity in the bay compared withother locations. Three species, Mikroconchoecia acuticosta, Conchoecissa imbricata and Mollicia amblypostha,dominated numerically. While these dominant species exhibited similar patterns in seasonal occurrence, theirbody sizes and/or vertical distributions were different between species. These results imply that coexistence of
these dominant species may be maintained by the segregation of habitats and/or resource partitioning.

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BIO-P17 (136260

Local forage fish availability and the reproductive performance of Rhinoceros Auklets in
Hokkaido, Japan
Jumpei Okado1, Motohiro Ito2, Makoto Hasebe3, Akiko Shoji1, Haruka Hayashi1, Nobuhiko Sato4, Yosuke
Koshino5, Ui Shimabukuro6, Akinori Takahashi6, Kenta Watanabe7, Tomohiro Kuwae7, Yutaka Watanuki1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan. E-mail: s02119172c@gmail.com
Toyo University, Itakura, Japan
Hokkaido Seabird Conservation Group, Toyotomi, JapanThe University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Hokkaido Research Organization, Nakashibetsu, Japan
National Institute of Polar Research, Tachikawa, JapanPort and Airport Research Institute, Yokosuka, Japan

Within a region, local variation of ocean current and seawater temperature affects the local availability of forage
fish, that in turn influences the diet and reproductive performance of seabirds. Rhinoceros Auklets Cerorhinca
monocerata RHAU is a dominant piscivorous seabirds in Hokkaido which fed on Japanese Anchovy Engraulisjaponicus predominantly in 1990s-2010 and kept high productivity. After 2014, however, the anchovy has notbeen available in Hokkaido. We investigated diets and the body condition of the chicks of RHAU at 4 colonies(three are under influence of Tsushima current TC but different position and one under Oysahio current OC) in
Hokkaido in 2016-2017. The birds fed on walleye pollock Gadus chalcogrammus at Matsumae Island (south ofTC), juvenile (0+) greenling Pleurogrammus azonus and sandlance Ammodytes personatus at Todo Island (northof TC) and Teuri Island (middle of TC) and salmon juvenile Oncorhynchus keta at Daikoku Island (OC). There
was no difference in energy density between these prey species (4.90-5.68 kJ/g), but the load size in Todo (25 g)
was heavier than other colonies (17-19 g), which resulted in a better chick condition in Todo. The SST aroundTodo(9-16 ℃) was colder than Teuri(11-18 ℃) and Matsumae(15-21 ℃) due to the later arrival of the Tsushimawarm current, making the cold-water related greenling and sandlance available for birds at Todo. Current system
and induced local SST might affect the distribution of forage fish and hence chick body condition of RHAU.

BIO-P18 (13628)

Food concentration as an explanatory variable for naupliar ingestion rates
Noriaki Natori and Tatsuki Toda
Soka University, Hachioji, Japan. E-mail: natori-soka@soka.gr.jp

Copepod nauplii are ubiquitous and occurs from equatorial to polar waters and from surface to deep-sea waters.
Their ingestion rates vary against individual carbon weight, water temperature and food concentration. The
effects of food concentration can be explained by functional models but the models obtained from the feeding
experiments using constant developing stage and water temperature cannot be directly applied to a field condition
which is different with those of the experiments. This study aims to estimate naupliar ingestion rates using foodconcentration in addition to individual carbon weight and water temperature. Ingestion rates of Acartia steueri
nauplii NIII–NVI collected from an embayment water at Sagami Bay in Japan were determined under several
food concentrations. The effect of water temperature was also examined for A. steueri nauplii NV. An empiricalmodel including individual carbon weight and food concentration as explanatory variables was constructed andthe applicability of the construction process to other species was assessed by using a dataset quoted from aprevious study. A temperature quotient Q10 was determined as 2.37 for a temperature correction. The ingestion
rates estimated by applying the empirical model and the Q10 were minimally 1/100 and maximally 12 timesof those estimated by using a previous method which does not include food concentration. This study would
contribute to the estimation of naupliar ingestion rates in the regions where the prey environment largely varies.

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BIO-P19 (13629)

Nitrogen fixation and diazotroph community structure in the high latitude region around
Hokkaido, northern Japan
Takuya Sato1, Yukiko Taniuchi2, Hiromi Kasai2, Takuhei Shozaki3 and Kazutaka Takahashi1
12
3

University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. Email: astakuy@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Kushiro, Japan
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan

Nitrogen fixing microorganism (diazotroph) plays an important role in controlling marine productivity by
converting nitrogen gas into biologically available form, ammonia. This activity has been considered to occur
mainly in warm oligotrophic waters. However, this paradigm was challenged by recent observations of nitrogen
fixation activity and diazotroph community in colder and/or nutrient-rich waters. To our best knowledge, there
has been no report of diazotroph activity in cold waters of northern Japan. In this study therefore we investigatednitrogen fixation activity, primary production and diazotroph community structure around Hokkaido in order toelucidate its geographical variation. The onboard experiments were conducted at surface water at 19 stations
covering the Sea of Okhotsk, the Sea of Japan and Pacific Ocean. We also conducted the same set of experiments
at four additional light depths to determine the vertical profiles of diazotroph activity at three stations. Nitrogen
fixation activity was detected from various regions around Hokkaido including the Sea of Japan, the Sea of
Okhotsk and Pacific Ocean. The highest nitrogen fixation rate (~0.71 nMd-1) was detected in the southernmost
station in the Sea of Japan, suggesting that influence of Tsushima Warm Current which transported diazotrophs
from Kuroshio region. Further discussion about the geographic variation of diazotrophic activity in relation to its
community structures and environmental parameters will be presented.

BIO-P20 (13632) CANCELLED

The influence of oceanic conditions on the occurrence of Cochlodinium polykrikoides
blooms in the East Sea, Korea
Jeong-Min Shim1, Gi-Young Kwon2 and YongHwa Lee1
1
2

East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Gangneung, Republic of Korea. E-mail: jmshim67@korea.kr
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, Republic of Korea

Harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides blooms have been frequently occurred in coastal areas of theSouthwestern East Sea since 1995. We compared the oceanic conditions in years 1995, 2001 and 2003 when the C.
polykrikoides bloom was strong, and in years 1998 and 2004 when the C. polykrikoides bloom was not developed
as well as variations of upwelling and geostrophic currents on the western channel of Korean Strait, an entranceof the East Sea. The period and occurrence of C. polykrikoides bloom were depended on variation of upwellingand geostrophic current. Southward current was dominant near the coast on August in 1998 and 2000, whereas
northward current was dominant near and off the coast in 1995 and 2003 when the C. polykrikoides bloom wasstrong. When compared dominant phytoplankton in each year, Kuroshio indicator species Rhizosolenia alata and
Chaetoceros affine were dominant in 2001 and 2003, respectively. However, the dominant species was variable
at each coastal area in 1998 and 2000. Especially in 2003, the abundance of Sagitta elegans which is known
as the cold water indicator was low, but the abundance of S. enflata, warm water indicator, was very high in
Gangneung compared to Sokcho. In conclusion, it was estimated that the distribution of C. polykrikoides bloomin the coastal area of East Sea was closely related with the strength of East Korea Warm Current and upwelling.
Also, developments of bloom in recent years will be discussed at the meeting.

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BIO-P21 (13750)

Breeding performance and diet of Black-tailed gulls on Hongdo Island, Republic of Korea
Miran Kim1, Mi-jin Hong2, Young-Soo Kwon2, Ho Lee2 and Sang-moon Joe3
1
2
3

Korea National Park Research Institute, Wonju, Kangwon, Republic of Korea. E-mail: ruddyduck318@gmail.com
Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

This study has been conducted to investigate the relationship between breeding performance and diet of Blacktailed gulls (Larus crassirostris) on Hongdo Island, South Korea. We used long-term data of commercial fish
catch near breeding colony, 1998~2018 to assume the diet change of Black-tailed gulls. Black-tailed gulls areopportunistic predators and often follow commercial fishing boats to obtain food. Their main diet is the Japanese
anchovy on Hongdo Island. Egg volume of Black-tailed gulls on Hongdo Island seems to be declined for last 20
years. Clutch size of them have declined after 2007. Although annual anchovy catch has been stable near Hongdo
Island, it varied through the season. In early breeding season of Black-tailed gulls, it tended to decline. It may
affect breeding performance of Black-tailed gulls.

BIO-P22 (13758)

Adrenal gland morphology of the sea otters Enhydra lutris
Evgeniy Aleksandrovich Boltnev
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), 107140, 17 Verkhnaya Krasnoselskaya Street, Russia.
E-mail: kzh@vniro.ru

The sea otter is important a representative of the family Mustelidae from the coasts of the North Pacific Ocean,which included the IUCN Red List. Studies on the biology of this species are fragmentary, and information about
endocrine glands is absent. Adrenal glands are the most important in the regulation of metabolism and in theadaptation of the organism to adverse environmental conditions. The adrenal gland was collected from freshly
dead specimens in October-December 1989 on Bering Island, fixed in 10% formaldehyde or mercury chloride
solutions. The adrenal glands of sea otter are paired endocrine glands located on the cranial side of each kidneyand consisted of 2 layers: cortex and medulla. Cytoplasm of zona glomerulosa adrenocorticocytes was granularand light eosinophilic, their diameter was 23.7 µm ± 3.5 SD. Zona fasciculata cells had prismatic shape, granularand eosinophilic cytoplasm and diameter 22.0 µm ± 1.7 SD. Dark adrenocorticocytes of zona reticularis wereprevailed in this area. Diameter of dark and light adrenocorticocytes was 21.8 ± 5.0 SD. The nuclei of all cortex
cells were round with a diameter 9.75 µm ± 1.3 SD. Epinephrine cells were located mainly on the periphery of
medulla and norepinephrine cells closer to the blood vessels in the central part. Both type of cells had the same
diameter 23.4 µm ± 4 SD and basophilic cytoplasm. Epinephrine cell nuclei were bigger (10.8 µm ±1.4 SD) andlight-colored then nuclei of norepinephrine cells (9.5 µm ± 1.1 SD), which was darker.

BIO-P23 (13804)

A new Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the Northern Gulf of Alaska
Russell R. Hopcroft1, Ana Aguilar-Islas1, Seth L. Danielson1, Jerome Fiechter2, and Suzanne L. Strom3
1
2
3

198

University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA. E-mail: rrhopcroft@alaska.edu
University of California Santa Cruz, CA, USA
Western Washington University, WA, USA

The new Northern Gulf of Alaska (NGA) LTER site is exploring the ecological and oceanographic underpinnings
of a highly-productive coastal subarctic ecosystem. The NGA LTER program expands on multi-decadal timeseries of physical oceanographic observations at GAK1 and multidisciplinary studies along the 300 km-long
Seward Line that stretches from the coast well into oceanic waters. This observational window now encompasses
several El Niño events, anomalously cold years, and the recent marine heat wave. LTER hypotheses and process
work will initially focus on major production drivers: the spring bloom, and summer-fall inputs of freshwater tothe shelf. Our ecological framework postulates that intense environmental variability, both within and between
years, has led to the evolution of resilience, as embodied in species- and community-level properties. This poster
will share time series data, and our modeling approaches, along with an overview of the site and the expanded
sampling program.

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BIO-P24 (13816)

Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti andMysticeti suborders of cetaceans
Liyuan Zhao, Xiaofan Zhou, Antonis Rokas, Roger D. Cone
The Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, China. E-mail: zhaoliyuan@tio.org.cn

Cetaceans, a group of mammals adapted to the aquatic environment that descended from terrestrial artiodactyls,
exhibit tremendous interspecific differences in a number of phenotypes, including feeding behavior, such as filter
feeding in the Mysticeti vs prey-hunting Odontoceti, and size, with the smallest cetacean, the vaquita, at 1.4 meters
and the largest, the blue whale, reaching 33 meters. The Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) regulates food intake,energy balance, and somatic growth in both mammals and teleosts. In this study, we examined allelic variants of
the MC4R in cetaceans. We sequenced the MC4R from 20 cetaceans, and pharmacologically characterized 17 ofthese protein products. Results identified a single variation at amino acid 156 in the MC4R from representative
species of major cetacean lineages uniquely associated with the toothed whales or Odontoceti (arginine at 156)and baleen whales or Mysticeti (glutamine at 156). The Q156 receptor variant found in the larger baleen whales
was functionally less responsive to its endogenous anorexigenic ligand, α-MSH. Furthermore, the R156 receptor
variant showed greater constitutive activity and a higher affinity for ligand. These data suggest that the MC4R may
be one gene involved in the evolution of feeding ecology, energy balance, and body size in cetaceans.

BIO-P25 (13819)

Analysis of phytoplankton community change according to continuous observation
pattern of chlorophyll-a concentration
Hye Jung Han1, JunSu Kang1,2, Hyun-Jung Kim1, Donhyug Kang1 and Seung Won Jung1
1
2

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea. E-mail: diatoms@kiost.ac.kr
Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.

To understand the changes in chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton community in Tongyeong coastal
waters, Korea, we continuously monitored chlorophyll-a concentrations using a fluorescence sensor from July 29
to September 28, 2017(62 days). Furthermore, phytoplankton analyses were conducted periodically to monitorchanges in dominant species affected by variations in chlorophyll-a concentrations. In the presented study,chlorophyll-a concentrations increased rapidly three times(event 1~3). During the first event(August 6 to 14),rapid and repeated increases in chlorophyll-a concentration during every 14:00 to 16:00 pm were the result of
the diel vertical migration of Alexandrium affine(the dominant species during the event). The second and third
events occurred from August 24 to 30 and September 12 to 17, respectively. During these events, increases inchlorophyll-a concentrations were caused by diatoms(common species: Chaetoceros curvisetus, Skeletonema
marinoi-dohrnii complex etc.). Unlike event 1, we did not observe any characteristic changes such as verticalmigration of A. affine during these events. Therefore, the continuous monitoring of chlorophyll-a concentrations
using a real-time detection device, such as a fluorescence sensor, is necessary and important because of thevariations that occur in chlorophyll-a concentration and phytoplankton community in the short-term.

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BIO-P26 (13820)

Mapping distribution of cysts of recent dinoflagellate and Cochlodinium polykrikoides
using next-generation sequencing and morphological approaches in South Sea, Korea
Seung Won Jung, Hyun-Jung Kim, and Taek-Kyun Lee
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea. E-mail: diatoms@kiost.ac.kr

The total dinoflagellate cyst community and the cysts of Cochlodinium polykrikoides in the surface sedimentsof South Sea (Tongyeong coast), South Korea, were analysed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) andmorphological approaches. Dinoflagellate cysts can be highly abundant (111–4,087 cysts g-1 dry weight) and havediverse species composition. A total of 35 taxa of dinoflagellate cysts representing 16 genera, 21 species (including
four unconfirmed species), and 14 complex species were identified by NGS analysis. Cysts of Scrippsiella spp(mostly Scrippsiella trochoidea) were the most dominant and Polykrikos schwartzii, Pentapharsodinium dalei,
Ensiculifera carinata, and Alexandrium catenella/tamarense were common. Thus, a combination of NGS andmorphological analysis is effective for studying the cyst communities present in a given environment. Although
C. polykrikoides developed massive blooms during 2013-2014, microscopy revealed low density of their cysts,
whereas no cysts were detected by NGS. However, the vegetative C. polykrikoides not appeared during 20152017 in spite of the observation of C. polykrikoides cysts. This suggests that the C. polykrikoides blooms were notdue to development of their cysts but to other factors such as currents transporting them to a marine environment
suitable for their growth.

BIO-P27 (13821)

Effects of temperature and nutrients on changes in genetic diversity of bacterioplankton
communities in a semi-closed bay, South Korea
Hyun-Jung Kim, Seung Won Jung and Taek-Kyun Lee
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea. E-mail: diatoms@kiost.ac.kr

Bacterioplankton communities in a semi-closed bay (Jangmok Bay, South Korea) were analysed using a 16S
rDNA multiplex 454 pyrosequencing approach. Diversity and operational taxonomic units of bacterioplankton
communities in the Jangmok Bay are highest in coldwater seasons and lowest inwarmwater ones. During coldseasons, α-proteobacteria respond rapidly to pulses of the concentration of inorganic nutrients, while γ-proteobacteria
during warm water seasons are the most active type of bacterioplankton resent in the prevailing conditions, which
include high dissolved organic carbon, chemical oxygen demand and primary production. Cyanobacteria, a minorgroup constituting 4.58% of the total bacterioplankton, are more abundant at low temperature. Flavobacteria are
more abundant in nutrient-rich conditions and the abundance of this group also demonstrated a delayed decline
following summer phytoplankton blooms. The pronounced seasonal oscillations in phosphorus concentration andtemperature exert strong selection pressure on bacterioplankton communities.

BIO-P28 (13822)

Changes in environmental factors and bacteria community caused by harmful algal
blooms of Akashiwo sanguinea (Dinophyta)
JunSu Kang1,2, Hyun-Jung Kim1, Seung Won Jung1, and Seok-Jin Oh2
1
2

Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Geoje, Republic of Korea. E-mail: diatoms@kiosta.ac.kr
Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.

To investigate changes in environmental factors and bacteria community during Akashiwo sanguinea blooms, we
conducted daily monitoring for 41 days (Nov. 14, 2016 – Feb. 27, 2017), in in Jangmok Bay, a semi-closed bay on
the southern coast of South Korea. A. sanguinea was first observed on Oct. 31, 2016, and up to 2,935 cells mL-1
appeared on Nov. 18, 2016, and A. sanguinea disappeared on Jan. 30, 2018. The mean temperature and salinity
were 14.4oC and 32.2 at the occurrence of A. sanguinea blooms. Dissolved inorganic phosphorus and dissolved
silica increased during the blooming period, while dissolved inorganic nitrogen decreased. Dissolved organiccarbon was similar pattern to that of A. sanguinea and showed a maximum of 7.56 mg L-1. The time-lag changes in
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bacteria abundances might be associated with fluctuation in A. sanguinea blooms. In particular, when we analyzed
separately from the bacteria community attached to A. sanguinea and the free-living bacteria in seawater, Attachedbacteria in A. sanguinea were mainly found in Flavobacteriales whereas free-living bacteria showed differencein Alpha-proteobacteria. Therefore, there was a difference in bacterial populations due to the occurrence of A.
sanguinea blooms and further research is needed to solve how these bacterial populations affect the occurrenceof A. sanguinea blooms.

BIO-P29 (13835)

Variation of microsatellite loci in herring (Clupea pallasii) from the Japan and Okhotskseas
Denis S. Kurnosov, Svetlana Yu.Orlova, Valeria Al. Soshnina
Pacific Scientific Research Fisferies Centre (TINRO), st. Postysheva 43-22., , 690033, Russia. Email: denkurnos@mail.ru

Pacific herring refers to the subspecies of eastern or low-vertebrate herring - Clupea pallasii pallasii Val. anddwells within the continental shelf and adjacent inland areas and forms local herds that differ in biological,
ecological, morphological characteristics, numbers, and areas of spawning and foraging. Studies of the population
structure using molecular genetic markers are not numerous, despite long-term studies of herring in the whole
range of habitats. The material for this work was provided by 9 selections collected in 2007-2010 in the spawning
grounds of the Japan and Okhotsk seas during the spawning season. The number of samples was 366 copies and
11 microsatellite loci were used for research. After PCR, the resulting microsatellite locus amplification productwas separated using the “ABI 3100 Genetic analyzer” capillary electrophoresis system. All the microsatellite locistudied were sufficiently polymorphic. The number of alleles varies from 6 to 17. Deviations from the HardyWeinberg equilibrium were not observed. The Fst values were calculated from the allele frequencies of the
microsatellite loci and varied from 0 to 0.78 to assess genetic differentiation. Significant differences between thelake group of herring (Ainu Lake) and herrings of the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk were identified. Also,
the statistical estimates obtained not only indicate a genetic differentiation between the herring population livingin the south of the Sea of Japan from those living in the north, but also the intensive migration of herring from the
Sea of Okhotsk to the Sea of Japan.
The reported study was funded by RFBR according to the research project № 18-34-00431.

BIO-P30 (13836)

Mitochondrial DNA polymorphism of the Far Eastern sardine (Sardinops melanostictus)
in the northwestern Pacific Ocean and Sea of Japan
Denis S. Kurnosov, Svetlana Yu.Orlova, Andrey I. Alferov
Pacific Scientific Research Fisferies Centre (TINRO), st. Postysheva 43-22., , 690033, Russia. Email: denkurnos@mail.ru

Sardinops melanostictus (Far Eastern Sardine) is a mass epipelagic fish of the subtropical complex. It has thecapacity for significant fluctuations in abundance and associated widening or shrinking of the habitat for both partsof the areas of the Far Eastern sardine: the Sea of Japan and the northwestern part of the Pacific Ocean. Knownthat sardina of Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean are parts of a single population and have a connection across thestraits. Two selections of sardines from the Russian coastal zone of the Sea of Japan and the northwestern part of
the Pacific Ocean were taken in autumn 2016 for the study. We performed amplification of the first subunit of the
550 cytochrome oxidase COI gene. We obtained the aligned nucleotide sequences of the region of the C0I gene of
the mtDNA at two selections sardines (40 samples from each). This allowed to build a phylogenetic network. As aresult, 10 haplotypes were identified in 79 individuals of the mtDNA COI gene fragmen site. One mass haplotype
is characteristic for 69 individuals and the remaining 9 haplotypes are unique (occur in a single specimen in oneof the selections) and the differences are due to one nucleotide substitution. Haplotypes grid leads us to assume
that the sardine of the Sea of Japan and the Pacific Ocean has a common origin. The numerous haplotypes, which
differ by single nucleotide substitutions from the central phylogroup, is typical for species that exponential grewin recent times.

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Fisheries Science Committee Paper Session
FIS-P1 (13269)

The Bering Sea pollock environmentally-dependent spawning diversity, fluctuation ofrecruitment, migration and spatial distribution
Mikhail A. Stepanenko, Elena V. Gritsay
Pacific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690091, Russia.
E-mail: mikhail.stepanenko@tinro-center.ru ;elena.gritsay@tinro-center.ru

Pollock spawning diversity and recruitment, spatial distribution and migrations have high variability depends onenvironment condition, population abundant. The reproduction of the eastern Bering Sea pollock are distributed ina very wide geographical area from continental slope off the central and eastern Aleutian Islands, the southeastern
Bering Sea shelf to northern Anadyr Bay in the northwest. The main reproductive areas of the eastern Bering Sea
pollock are located in the southeastern Bering Sea.
The two ecologically different reproductive pollock stocks were found in the Bering Sea by multiyear research– the shelf spawning stock in th e eastern and western Bering Sea shelf and the deep-water spawning stock
located off eastern (Bogoslof Island area) and central (Kanaga Sound) Aleutian Islands. Reproduction of shelf
spawning stock varies annually depends on short-term variability ecological condition but reproduction deepwater stock fluctuates basically by influence long-term environment change. Reproduction of pollock shelf stock
relatively sustainable and it abundance basically stable at relatively high or average level but abundance of deepspawning pollock usually stay at low level and it reproduction and abundance could be potentially rapidly increase
just in periods of big shift of ecological condition. Pollock of deep-water spawning stock are distributed in
postspawning period along Aleutian Islands and migrates also into Aleutian and Commandor basins just in periodof high abundance. Scale of shelf spawning pollock seasonal northward migrations into northwestern Bering
Sea in feeding period basically depends on the population biomass and abundance, species composition, spatialdifferentiation of zooplankton, and water temperature. Resilience strategy of pollock behavior in the Bering Sea inperiods with low trophic level due low abundance of large zooplankton are early and fast active northward feeding
migrations from winter habits and spawning grounds as well as early beginning back southward migrations – by
the end of summer.

FIS-P2 (13279)

The distribution and the size composition of Myoxocephalus jaok cuvier, 1829 and M.
polyacanthocephalus pallas, 1814 on the west coast of Kamchatka
Andrei Matveev
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Naberejnaya Str., 18.
E-mail: matveev.a.a@kamniro.ru

According to modern assessments, the biomass of the representatives of the family on the west coast of Kamchatka
is about 250 thous. t, where more than 70% are provided by two species - Myoxocephalus jaok and Myoxocephalus
polyacanthocephalus.
The data on the size structure of Cottidae in the area of the research were limited, and hence having newly data
about distribution and size composition of two species mentioned above is very important. The research carriedout in June-July of 2017 on the west coast of Kamchatka was to compensate current gap.
On our data, M. jaok was observed most frequently at the depth from 75 m (min – 14 m, max – 123 m). The
maximal catches per unit effort (CPUE) were at the depth from 50 m. About 70% of the catches of this species
were recorded at the temperatures near the bottom from 0 to 3°С. Aggregations of medium and highdensity wereobserved everywhere along thye coast. The body length varied from 9 to 65 cm (averaged 40.4 cm).

202

M. polyacanthocephalus demonstrated the highest frequency at the depth from 50 to 250 m (min – 16 m, max– 356 m). The maximal CPUEs were observed at the depth range 50-150 m. Over 77% of the catches were in
the area where the temperature near the bottom was from 0 to 2°С. Mediate and highly dense aggregations wereobsered in the southern and northern parts of the shepf. The body length varied from 10 to 79 cm (averaged 39.2
cm).

PICES-2018

FIS-P3 (13282)

The review of the fisheries of pacific capelin (Mallotus villosus catervarius) in Russian Far
Eastern Seas in 2010–2017
Tatiana. N. Naumova
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Naberejnaya Str.,18.
E-mail: Naumova.t.n@kamniro.ru

West Kamchatkan and Sakhalin capelin is the resource potential for the coastal fisheris, impressive and simple inharvesting. The catch in the commercial fishery subzones of the Far Eastern basin in 2010–2017 varied in the ranges
270.6–9730.4 t, averged taking 3315.1 t. According to the average annual data the maximum catch (32.66%) was
provided in the East Sakhalin subzone, while the catches in the West Kamchatkan and West Sakhalin subzones
were respectively 28.97 and 22.58%. Capelin stocks were poor used almost in all commercial zones. The fisherycampaign in the commercial districts of Far East, based on cone-net fishing, seining and trap seining, operates inspring and summer in the course of spawning.
The body length of capelin (18.0 cm) in the catches in the Sea of Okhotsk is similar to the length of capelin of theBering Sea (18.0 cm), but the weight of the fish is gretly higher (41.2 g vs. 14.6 g). Capelin of the Sea of Japan(the West Sakhalin commercial district) is the biggest, having the body length up to 21.0 cm and the body weight59.0 g.
Based on said above, the West Kamchatkan and Sakhalin shelf is the most promising area for the isheries ofcapelin in the Russian Far Eastern seas.

FIS-P4 (13331)

Population complexes of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) on the Asian Pacific Coast
Anastasia M. Khrustaleva1 and James E. Seeb2
1
2

Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: mailfed@mail.ru
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Population structure of sockeye salmon from the Kamchatka Peninsula, Chukotka and the North-West coast of the
Sea of Okhotsk was studied. Variability of 45 SNP loci in 17 samples from 10 major sockeye salmon spawning
watersheds of the Russian Far East was examined. The general pattern of genetic heterogeneity of sockeye salmon
is well corresponded to the spatial-geographic structure of the species. In particular all samples can be divided intoa South group and a North group. Populations from subperipheral watersheds of the North of the Sea of Okhotks
coast (Okhota River, Palana River) are much differentiated from so called nuclear populations (i.e. major stockof the Asian cost) of Ozernaja River, Kamchatka River, and a group of numerical secondary stocks of lake-river
systems of the Karjak upland and Chukotka. Five population complexes were identified: two stocks from Palana
River and Okhota River, as well as a South-West Kamchatka complex, and a North-East Kamchatka and Chukotka
group, and Kamchatka River metapopulation were separated. Possible causes of high divergence of the North
Okhotsk Sea populations are discussed. The most probable factor of Palana River population distinction seems to
be a local adaptation as a result of directional selection at some loci under specific reproductive environments. On
the other hand, for the Okhota River population a different pattern can be hypothesized. Considerable decreasein genetic diversity in this sample is likely to indicate a recent decline in the effective population size, rather thanthe effect of selection.

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FIS-P5 (13332)

Adaptive variability at MHC class II gene Onne-DAB in two largest sockeye salmon(Oncorhynchus nerka) populations in Asia
Anastasia M. Khrustaleva
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: mailfed@mail.ru

Variability of Onne-DAB gene, encoding β1-chain of class II Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHCII)
molecule, using One_MHC2_109, One_MHC2_190v2 and One_MHC2_251v2 single-nucleotide substitutions(SNP) in two largest Asian populations of sockeye salmon, reproduced in Kurilskoe Lake and Kamchatka River
watersheds, was studied. Differences in inheritance pattern and degree of polymorphism of One_MHC2_190v2
and One_MHC2_251v2 were observed in samples from both lake-river systems, whereas One_MHC2_109 waspoorly informative. Samples collected from lake and river spawning grounds of Kurilskoe Lake were characterizedby high estimates of intrapopulation genetic diversity, whereas no inter-sample differences in the frequencies of
haplotypes of the joint MHC2 locus were revealed. That can be interpreted as the result of balancing selection
in sequences encoding the MHCII peptide-binding region in this population. On the contrary, in the samples of
early (spring) sockeye salmon from the Kamchatka River basin low genetic diversity estimates and significant
heterogeneity of haplotypic frequencies at the MHC2 locus were observed, apparently due to the action of
directional pathogen-induced selection in Onne-DAB gene in some localities of the lake-river system. By the
results of Factor Analysis (PCA) two principal components (PC), explained in sum 72% of general variabilityof genetic characteristics in the Kamchatka River samples, were extracted. A significant correlation between thesecond PC (33.4%) values and geographical distances from the specified tributary to Azabachya creek near the
Kamchatka River mouth was revealed. Moreover a highly significant correlation between the second PC andDiphyllobothrium sp. plerocercoids prevalence in fish from the tributaries was derived.

FIS-P6 (13361)

Development and application of DNA barcode electronic microarray for species
identification of fishes of the family Clupeidae (Osteichthyes: Clupeiformes)
Shufang Liu1,2 and Zhimeng Zhuang1,2
1
2

Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, China. E-mail: zhuangzm@ysfri.ac.cn
Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China

Clupeidae is a family of teleost fish including many species with important economic value in fisheries, someof which are the most important food fishes in the world, and others are also commonly caught for productionof fish oil and fish meal. Species identification of the clupeids is a critical issue with certain obstacles for theirwide variety and great difference of morphological characteristics in different growth stages. In recent years,
DNA-based identification methods offer an analytically powerful addition or even an alternative tool with thedevelopment of molecular biology. To construct an identification method on Clupeidae species accurately andrapidly, a DNA barcode of COI gene of Clupeidae species were analyzed and screened their characteristics ofsequence structure by software Oligo Array 2.1. Sixty-seven specific probes of 33 species were founded in the firstround screen from 53 species 26 genus in Clupeidae. After optimizing with software Oligonucleotide Properties
Calculator, some probes were removed as they had a tendency to make a hairpin, stem-loop or homo-dimers.
Other 50 probes of 30 species were performed into DNA barcode electronic microarrays which were hybridized
with the target sequences of Clupeidae. In the end, 42 probes from 25 species of Clupeidae were further confirmed
to indicate a feasible identification rate of 83.33% (25/30) at species level. These results had favorably provided achallenging choice to identify species as compared with morphological classification method.

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FIS-P7 (13390)

Genomic sequence diversity and population structure of Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus
thaleichthys) in the Nooksack River using 2b-RAD
Rachel J. Arnold
Northwest Indian College, 2522 Kwina Road, Northwest Indian College, WA, 98226, U.S.A. E-mail: rarnold@nwic.edu

Longfin Smelt (Spirinchus thaleichthys) are a relatively small forage fish ranging from San Francisco Bay,
California to Prince William Sound, Alaska. The ecological importance of forage fishes in the Salish Sea has
been emphasized in recent years, but most research effort has gone toward other species (e.g., Pacific Herring,
Clupea pallasii). The Longfins, which are found in the diets of culturally and commercially important species of
salmonids and marine mammals, are not actively monitored in the state of Washington. The Nooksack River has
probably the best-known of the anadromous populations in Washington, and it draws a large crowd of fishermen
from diverse backgrounds each fall as adults return to their spawning grounds for a period of approximately 10days in November. A license is not required for harvest, and each year there are many reports of overharvesting andpoaching of ESA-listed fishes. Longfins are a culturally-important food source for several area tribes, including
the Lummi people whose reservation the Nooksack River passes through. The objective of this study is to collectdata on the genomic diversity of the population as a baseline for future monitoring efforts. In addition, as Longfinsare approximately two years old when they return, and year-to-year returns seem to fluctuate widely, another goalof the study is to determine whether population structure exists between even and odd year returns. These data
are being assessed with the knowledge and partnership of the Lummi people in order to facilitate a culturally
appropriate harvest management plan.

FIS-P8 (13402) CANCELLED

Energy-based ecosystem modelling illuminates the ecological role of Northeast Pacificherring
Szymon Surma, Evgeny A. Pakhomov and Tony J. Pitcher
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. E-mail: s.surma@oceans.ubc.ca

The ecological importance of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in the Northeast Pacific was re-evaluated byaccounting for its high average energy content. An existing mass-balanced Ecopath food web model representing
waters off northern British Columbia (Canada) was converted into a set of energy-balanced models using
published energy content ranges for all functional groups. Size spectrum slopes, proportions of herring in predator
diets, and proportions of several large ecological categories in total ecosystem biomass and energy pools werecompared across models. Trophic effects of depleted whale population recovery were reassessed using dynamic
simulations in both mass- and energy-balanced ecosystem models. The model assuming higher energy content
for all functional groups required a noticeable but non-significant increase in size spectrum slope compared tothe original mass-balanced model. This could reflect energy content overestimates for large organisms, but more
likely indicates underestimated planktonic group energy content and/or biomass. Herring proportions in predator
diets were noticeably higher in energy-balanced models, while pelagic groups represented higher proportionsof total ecosystem energy than total biomass. Trophic effects of whale recovery on several active, endothermic
predators were visibly stronger in the energy-balanced models. However, most energy-balanced model outputs
agreed qualitatively with mass-balanced model results. These findings illuminate the potential for improved
analysis of ecosystem structure and function, and forage fish trophodynamics, using energy-balanced ecosystemmodels. They also support the hypothesis that reduced average energy content of the copepod assemblage off
northern BC in 1990-2006 may have inhibited the recovery of local herring, salmon, and groundfish stocks.

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FIS-P9 (13412)

A statistical approach to estimate optimal habitat suitability of walleye pollock off thenortheastern coast of Japan
Hiromichi Igarashi, Yoichi Ishikawa, Yusuke Tanaka, Takehisa Yamakita, Misako Matsuba, Yumiko Yara and
Katsunori Fujikura
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan.
E-mail: higarashi@jamstec.go.jp

An accurate estimate of a potential habitat of fish species enables us not only to understand the response of
species to environmental changes but also to utilize it for an efficient use of fish resources. Walleye pollock(Theragra chalcogramma) is one of the most abundant fish in the North Pacific Ocean, and found near the bottom
and mid-water depths above the continental shelf and slope. The population of this species distributed off thenortheastern coast of Honshu island (Tohoku area) belongs to the Japanese Pacific stock, which mainly spawns
in the waters adjacent to the mouth of Funka Bay in winter and migrates to this area. We developed the habitat
suitability index (HSI) models for this population by applying GAM and Random Forest (RF) algorithm, andused following datasets; Japanese commercial fishery dataset including trawling catch data of demersal fishes, anocean reanalysis dataset FORA-WNP30 which can provide realistic fields of 3-dimensional ocean environments
including ocean bottom layers up to 1500m depth, and the estimated biomass of this stock derived from trawl
surveys. We investigated the HSI response of this species to ocean environmental changes occurring in this area.
The results indicated the Oyashio intrusion from the northern part of the North Pacific is related to higher HSI in
winter. And the time series of the CPUE of this species during 1997-2014 were well reproduced by the GAM and
RF. In addition, these models were improved by adding a term fluctuating with the stock amount of this species.

FIS-P10 (13455)

Transpacific distribution of micronektonic fish community in the subtropical open water
Yutaro Nagatomo1, Kazutaka Takahashi1, Tetsuya Sado2, Masaki Miya2, Fuminori Hashihama3, Sachiko Horii1
and Junya Hirai41
2
3
4

The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: y-nagatomo@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Natural History Museum and Institute, Chiba, JapanTokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo, JapanThe University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

We investigated the biomass, abundance and community composition of micronektonic fish along the transpacifictransect (23ºN) from 120ºW to 138ºE in order to reveal its geographical variation. All samples were collected at
0-500 m depth at night with the Masuda-Oozeki-Hu midwater Trawl (2 m2 mouth opening with 1.95 mm meshsize) at 12 stations along the transect during July-October, 2017. Samples were immediately frozen on board andwere identified based on morphological characteristics and DNA metabarcoding. Throughout the cruise, a totalof 757 individuals belonging to 12 orders, 32 families, 55 genera and 80 species were collected. Two families(Myctophiformes and Stomiiformes) accounted for more than 70% and 80% of total wet weight and abundance,
respectively. Both of biomass and abundance were highest at 150ºE where the chl. a concentration was highest
probably due to the nutrient supply below the euphotic zone, while no significant relations between biomass andabundance, and the environmental variables were found in most of other stations. Cluster analysis for community
structure based on morphological identification revealed that the micronekton community were separated into
five groups largely depending on the abundance of dominant species; largest group dominated by Ceratoscopelus
warmingii was found in five eastern stations (130-170°W), while Vinciguerria nimbaria was dominant at remote
2 stations (120°W and 150°E) where vertical mixing was evident. These results suggest that the community
structure of micronektonic fish is not uniform along longitude in subtropical North Pacific. Further discussion
about effect of environmental variables on their distribution will be presented.

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FIS-P11 (13457)

Characterizing spatial structures of larval fish assemblages at multiple scales in relation
to environmental heterogeneity in the Strait of Georgia (British Columbia, Canada)
Lu Guan1, John Dower2, 3 and Pierre Pepin41234

Ocean Networks Canada, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada. E-mail: lguan@uvic.ca
Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Centre, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, St John’s, Canada

The Strait of Georgia (SoG) is an important nursery ground for commercially valuable fish species on the west
coast of Canada. Spatial structures of larval fish in the SoG were quantified based on spatially intensive fieldsurveys in the spring of 2009 and 2010 to investigate linkages to environmental heterogeneity at multiple scales.
By applying a multiscale approach, Principal Coordinate Neighborhood Matrices (PCNM), spatial variability
was decomposed into three predefined scale categories: broad scale (>40 km), medium scale (20~40 km) and finescale (< 20km). Spatial variations in larval density of the three dominant fish taxa with different early life-histories(Pacific herring, Pacific hake and northern smoothtongue) were mainly structured at broad and medium scales,with scale-dependent associations with environmental descriptors varying interannually and among species.
Larval distributions in the central-southern Strait were mainly associated with salinity, temperature and verticalstability of the top 50 m of the water column on the medium scale. Our results emphasize the critical role of local
estuarine circulation, especially at medium spatial scale, in structuring hierarchical spatial distributions of fishlarvae in the Strait of Georgia, and suggest the role of fundamental differences in life history traits in influencing
the formation and maintenance of larval spatial structures.

FIS-P12 (13458)

Seasonal distribution of walleye pollock in the south Kuril Region
S. Ovsyannikova, E. Ovsyannikov, A. Sheybak
Pacific Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (TINRO-Center), 4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690091, Russia.
E-mail: evgeniy.ovsyannikov@tinro-center.ru

Features of pollock distribution in the spawning and feeding periods are submitted. The data of trawl-acoustic
surveys in March 2015 and July 2016 were used.
The spatial distribution of pollock varied significantly in spring and summer. Immature and mature pollock was
distributed over the considerable area from the Pacific side of the South Kuril region in spring. The area of theseconcentrations decreased, and the density increased in several times in summer. Another situation was observed
from the Okhotsk Sea side, where the basic spawning grounds of pollock are located. Immature pollock wasconcentrated in the Okhotsk Sea waters in spring and was practically not observed here in summer. Mature
pollock was concentrated on spawning grounds in spring and distributed more evenly here in summer. Walleye
pollock has moved deeper in summer in comparison with spring distribution, especially mature fishes.
Oyasio current and cold Okhotsk Sea waters define conditions in the South Kuril region in spring. Walleye pollock
is widely distributed on all region during this period. The warm Soya current considerably impact on temperature
conditions in summer, especially from the Okhotsk Sea side. Therefore pollock concentrates from the Pacific sidein Oyasio current waters in summer. Also biomass of zooplankton was 2-2,5 times higher in the Pacific waters insummer 2016, than in the Okhotsk Sea waters. Thus, pollock seasonal distribution are connected with changes ofenvironment and feeding conditions in the South Kuril region.

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FIS-P13 (13556)

Interannual variations in distribution and abundance of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata
larvae in the East China Sea: southward expansion of spawning ground
Chiyuki Sassa1, Motomitsu Takahashi1, Yoshinobu Konishi1, Yoshimasa Aonuma1 and Youichi Tsukamoto2
1

2

Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1551-8 Taira-machi, Nagasaki 8512213, Japan. E-mail: csassa@fra.affrc.go.jp
Japan Sea National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 1721, Odashukuno, Miyazu-shi,
Kyoto, 626-0052, JapanThe biomass of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata, which is one of the most important fishery resources inJapan, has increased about threefold over the past 20 years to ca. 300 thousand metric tons. We examined theinterannual variations in distribution and abundance of S. quinqueradiata larvae, based on sampling surveys overa broad area of the shelf-break region of the East China Sea (ECS) in April, the main spawning period, for 15
years from 2001 to 2015. High abundances of larvae were found in the northern ECS off the southwestern andwestern coast of Kyushu Island throughout the study period. After 2010, the larvae began to occur abundantly also
in the southern ECS south of 29°30’N, indicating a southward expansion of the spawning ground. There has beena significant positive trend of larval abundance over the whole ECS during the 15 years, which was mainly due
to a sharp increase of larval abundance in the southern ECS after 2010. Although interannual variation in larval
abundance was not related to environmental conditions (temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a concentration),
it was closely correlated with the spawning stock biomass in Japanese waters. This indicates that the increase inegg production in the ECS was related to the increasing trend of larvae. Also, the larval abundance showed a weak
positive correlation with the recruitment, suggesting that the increased larval abundance has, in part, contributed
to high recruitment during the stock increase phase.

FIS-P14 (13561)

Pacific Flatnose (Antimora microlepis, Moridae, Gadiformes) in the North Pacific: an
overview of their distribution, genetic diversity, otoliths, and parasites
Alexei М. Orlov1,2,3,4,5, Svetlana Yu. Orlova1, Alexei A. Baitaliuk6, Ilya I. Gordeev1,7, Pavel K. Afanasiev8, Nikolai
B. Korostelev2
1

2
3
4
5

6
7
8

Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), 17, V. Krasnoselskaya St., Moscow, 107140, Russia.
E-mail: kordicheva@rambler.ru
A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (IEE RAS), 33, Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, 119071, Russia
Dagestan State University (DSU), 43A, Gadzhiyev St., Makhachkala, 367000, Russia
Tomsk State University (TSU), 36, Prospekt Lenina, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
Caspian Institute of Biological Resources, Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CIBR DSC RAS), 45,
Gadzhiyev St., Makhachkala, 367000, Russia
Pacific Fisheries Research Center (TINRO-Center), 4, Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, 690600, Russia
Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Moscow, Russia
The Main Basin Department for Fisheries and Conservation of Aquatic Biological Resources (Glavrybvod), 5, 1st Derbenevsky
Pereulok, Moscow, 115114, Russia

The genus Antimora (Moridae, Gadiformes) is represented by two species, Pacific flatnose A. microlepis andblue antimora A. rostrata. Both species are widely distributed mainly in deep temperate and cold waters: Pacificflatnose in the North Pacific and blue antimora in the rest part of the world oceans. Here we present a new data on
distribution of Pacific flatnose within the entire range, consider genetic diversity, describe variations of otoliths
shape and relationships between sizes of fish and otoliths, and provide some data on parasites.
We analysed haplotypic composition of samples using mtDNA gene CO1 as a genetic marker: Imperor Seamounts,
British Columbia, Southeastern Sakhalin, Pacific Ocean waters off Honshu (Japan), US west coast (Washington,
Oregon, California).
Attempt was made to evaluate intra-species structure based on results of comparative otolith shape analysis andcomparison of relationships between length and weight of fish and those of otoliths. The composition of parasites,
the data on intensity and extent of infection of fish caught off southeastern Sakhalin (Sea of Okhotsk) and in watersof British Columbia (Canada) are also provided.

208

The origination of A. microlepis in the North Pacific is probably related to its isolation after Panama Strait
closing and change of the system of currents. The increasing of number and length of its gill filaments may be aconsequence of adaptation to existence in conditions of oxygen deficiency.
This research was supported by the Russian Fund of Basic Research (grant 16-04-00516).

PICES-2018

FIS-P15 (13584)

Interactions within fisheries eco-/econo-system and impact of participatory research in acoastal community: In the model area of Indonesia
Naoki Tojo1, Takaaki Mori2, Ayumi Kanaya2, Mitsutaku Makino3, Mark Wells4, Vldmir Kulik5, Joon-Soo Lee6,
Shion Takemura3, Charles Trick7, Chang-an Xu8, Suhendar Sachoemar9
1

2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9

Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Japan 041-8611.
Email: n.tojo.raven@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Japan 041-8611
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 236-8648
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME, U.S.A. 04469
TINRO-Center, 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia 690091
Korea Oceanographic Data Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, Korea, R 46083
Department of Biology, Western University, Room 402, North Campus Bldg., 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China, 361005
Professor of Coastal Oceanography and Marine Science, Director of Center for Development, Education and Training, Agency for The
Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), BPPT II Bld, 6 Fl, JL. M.H.Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340, INDONESIA

More than 90 percent of world population is depending upon the capture fisheries or fisheries industries basedon the small-scale fisheries in developing countries. Many livelihoods of the population face to the dynamics
of coastal marine environment and under influences of human activities. Sustainability would be attained bycontinuous efforts to balance activities in the given dynamics, but it is not easy task for locals to precisely find the
optimal in changing environment and economics without assistances of sciences. Also, resiliency of communities
has been discussed as one of the important factors to respond well to external factors around their livelihood,but discussions of resiliency has not really been made in the levels of self-involvement of fishers. In the Project“Fish GIS”, a citizen-science approach has been taken to monitor environment and small-scale fisheries by fishers
themselves with the cumulated scientific knowledges from the North pacific while assisting motivation for selfsustainability of communities in Indonesian fields. Firstly, we aim to explore the present state of eco-/econosystem of the one of model areas, Indramayu in Indonesia, with the productions and interactions of the functionalgroups and fishers with fair estimations. Then, we quantitatively conceptualize the expected state based on theinterviewed information in economic utilities. Finally, we expect to examine the changes after the participatory
research activities in the Project in the interaction model.

FIS-P16 (13585)

Participatory research in resource production for sustainable fisheries and estimation of
option value in Indoramayu Indonesia.
Ayumi Kanaya1, Takaaki Mori1, Naoki Tojo2, Mitsutaku Makino3, Mark Wells4, Vldmir Kulik5, Joon-Soo Lee6,
Shion Takemura3, Charles Trick7, Chang-an Xu8, Suhendar Sachoemar9
1

2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9

School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Japan 041-8611.
E-mail: ayum-09aqu@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Japan 041-8611
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 236-8648
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME, U.S.A. 04469
TINRO-Center, 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia 690091
Korea Oceanographic Data Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, Korea, R 46083
Department of Biology, Western University, Room 402, North Campus Bldg., 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China, 361005
Professor of Coastal Oceanography and Marine Science, Director of Center for Development, Education and Training, Agency for The
Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), BPPT II Bld, 6 Fl, JL. M.H.Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340, INDONESIA

Major fishing targets are often found in near-shore over continental shelf, and coastal fishers have sustained theirlivelihoods upon those resources. Demand of fisheries resources are increasing globally although more than halfof resources are already utilized by present fishing activities. Sustainability has been one of the common goals
for coastal fisheries though uncertainties associated changes of climate and marine environment are challenging.
Resource biological informations are fundamental references for sustainable fishery management. Applications
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of scientific approach is more expected to contribute in the management measures. However, such scientificmanagement methods by scientists are often costly, and developed measures may not be inacceptable for coastal
fishers because of the difference in their perspectives over the obtained information. It is probably practical to
involve locals to their own fisheries management through co-workings. In the Project “Fish GIS” of the North
Pacific Science Organization (PICES), participatory research efforts have been made to enhance motivation of
local fishers toward sustainable future. A village of Indramayu, Indonesia was selected as the model area in ourstudy. We expect to analyze necessary biological information collected from fishers, such as size and weight. We
estimate future returns as the partial option value from target fishes in two scenarios: (1) no change in fishing/present management and (2) applying suggested measures from fishers during the Project using this scientificinformation. Communication over the analyses are planned to be made frequently with fishers directly andelectrically through the planned activities in the Project .

FIS-P17 (13609)

Changes in the specific gravity of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, during the early life
stagesHwa Hyun Lee and Suam Kim
Pukyong National University, Busan, Korea. E-mail: proxima07@ hanmail.net

It has been known that Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus (P. cod hereafter), lay demersal eggs, and hatching larvaerise toward the surface layer of ocean for feeding. The changing pattern of specific gravity of eggs and larvae
was investigated to hypothesized vertical distribution and movement in water column. The specific gravities
of fertilized eggs and various size classes of larvae were measured using a Density Gradient Apparatus(Martin
Instruments Co. LTD., UK). Totals of 146 eggs and 225 larvae were used for the instantaneous specific gravity
measurement. To prevent any disturbance in the gradient water column due to larval movement, about 0.004 %MS222 was used for anesthesia. Due to the high specific gravity, eggs spawned were deposited over the sea-bedof spawning ground. Specific gravity of hatching larvae decreased abruptly. However, P. cod larvae still showed
a comparatively higher specific gravity at hatching (1.03655±0.00146 g/cm3, n=4, mean SL=3.62 mm), and their
specific gravities tended to decrease as they got bigger. The specific gravity seemed to have stabilized six days
after hatching (1.02590±0.00212 g/cm3, n=15, mean SL=4.67 mm), and the cod larvae were able to float in thewater column.

FIS-P18 (13692)

Increase in abundance of mottled spinefoot Siganus fuscescens in seagrass bed in central
Seto Inland Sea, Japan, for recent years
Ketaro Kubo and Jun Shoji
School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Japan. E-mail: b154362@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Mottled spinefoot Siganus fuscescens is widely distributed in tropical to temperate waters in the western North
Pacific and inhabits seagrass Zostera marina bed during early life. To understand recent trends in habitat condition
and fish community structure, vegetation and fish assemblage were investigated in a seagrass bed off Ikuno Island,
Hiroshima Prefecture, central Seto Inland Sea. Fish were collected by a round seine net (4 mm mesh) in at least
four separate locations within the seagrass bed during summer from 2007 to 2017. Collected fishes were identified
and were sorted by species in the laboratory. Mottled spinefoot were enumerated, then measured in total length
and wet weight. After 2015, abundance of mottled spinefoot has increased while seagrass vegetation coverage has
decreased. Because the mottled spinefoot do not spawn around the survey site and are more abundant in southernwaters with higher temperature, it seems that opportunity of transportation to the central Seto Inland Sea has been
increasing during the early life stages of the species. Information on occurrence of mottled spinefoot in other areasof the Seto Inland Sea and coastal waters of Japan was summarized and used for discussion on possible effects ofincrease in water temperature and recent changes in physical properties of oceanic waters on the occurrence of thespecies in the western North Pacific.

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FIS-P19 (13693)

Day-night change in fish community in sandy shore in the central Seto Inland Sea, Japan
Ryusei Shigemoto and Jun Shoji
School of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Japan. E-mail: b152207@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Sandy shore has been considered as an essential habitat for a variety of fish species which are important as coastal
fisheries resources. Day-night change in fish community structure was examined in a sandy shore off eastern
coast of Ikuno Island, Hiroshima Prefecture, central Seto Inalnd Sea, Japan. Fish were collected by a round seinenet (4 mm mesh) during daytime (1400-1600h) on 14 May 2018 and nighttime (0200-0400h) on 15 May 2018
(four replicates for each). Water temperature and salinity were measure at each collection. Fish were identified,
enumerated and weighed in wet weight. A total of 368 fishes were collected. Sharp-nosed sand goby Favonigobius
gymnauchen and Japanese black rockfish Sebastes spp. dominated the fish community by number during daytime
and nighttime, respectively. Mean species richness (no. fish species), fish abundance (no. fish 100 m-2) and fishbiomass (wet weight 100 m-2) during nighttime (5.0 species, 17.5 individuals and 36.0 g) were significantly higher(u-test, p<0.05 for all) than those during daytime (9.3 species, 74.5 individuals and 212.9 g). These results suggestthat fish community structure and trophic flow differ between day and night in sandy shore as previously reported
in other essential fish habitats such as seagrass bed in the central Seto Inaldn Sea.

FIS-P20 (13720)

Species variation of early growth history pattern of grey mullet in Taiwan
Chia-Hui Wang1, Yu-ling Nien1 and Kang-Ning Shen2
1

2

Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
E-mail: chwang99@mail.ntou.edu.tw
Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu, Taiwan

The study focused on the early life history of 3 cryptic species (NWP1-3) of Mugil cephalus juvenile in theestuaries around Taiwan. Monthly juvenile samples were collected from varied estuaries, and genotyping forspecies discrimination were applied to understand spatial-temporal distribution and otolith daily increment andmicrochemistry were then analyzed. The most abundant species is NWP2 (81%), and exists in most estuaries
over spawning season. NWP1 accounts of 17% overall, and increases with month in Yilan. Only 2% of mullet
juvenile is NWP3. Both daily age (50 ± 11 days) and duration before settle down (32 ± 6 days) of NWP2 is smaller
than NWP1. The linear relationship between daily rings and total length demonstrates that growth rate of NWP2
is higher than NWP1. Otolith increment widths of NWP2 in Checheng estuary are wilder than other estuaries,
which indicate the different growth rate between species and various estuaries. Back-calculated hatching datesof 3 species mullets were back-calculated. Hatching months of NWP1 are from December to the next February,and peak is January. NWP2 hatching months are from September to the next January and peak is December.
Otolith microstructure and microchemistry analyses early life history of the mullet juveniles can be divided into
three stages, including drifting, transition and stable growth stage. Both drifting and transition stage of NWP1
generally longer than NWP2. This study shows the habitat change of mullet at different life stage through detailed
information recorded in otolith.

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FIS-P21 (13721)

Using otolith microchemistry to discriminate wild and released red snapper
Chia-Hui Wang1, Chian-Yu Lu1, Yu-Ling Nien1 and Ming-Tsung Chung2
1

2

Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries Science, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung, Taiwan.
E-mail: chwang99@mail.ntou.edu.tw
Department of Bioscience, Aarhus University, Denmark

The red snapper, Lutjanus argentimaculatus is one of the restocking species in Blue Economic Program in Taiwan.
This study is aimed to establish an effective and sensitive natural tag for discriminate method. The compositionof trace-element in fish otoliths will be affected by the compositions of water they grow, while the releasing
juvenile fish come from aquaculture farms, which is different from the natural seawater of wild populations. We
collected wild and cultured Lutjanus argentimaculatus to understand whether there is a difference in the otolithcore elements. The composition of otoliths was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS). Firstly, whether the otolith micro-sampling method between MicroMill and laser ablation has difference
were tested. Then analyzed the composition in the otolith core to the edge, and compared the difference ofelemental values in different time interval. The results showed that, there is significant difference between thesampling methods. It was suggested to use the same analysis method to facilitate comparison in the future. Wild
and cultured fish otolith element values have a significant difference at the otolith distance of 600-700 um fromthe core, indicating this interval can be used as a basis to distinguish fish sources. According to the compositionof otolith, 100% can be correctly. This result showed its an effective discriminating tool to distinguish cultured
and wild individuals.

FIS-P22 (13740)

Recovery of Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas raised in an intertidal rack-suspended culture
system in terms of growth and reproduction 3 years after the Hebei Spirit oil spill accident
off the west coast of Korea.
Jeonghwa Kim1, Jong Seop Shin1, Hyun-Ki Hong1, Hye-Mi Lee1, Young-Ghan Cho1, Heung-Sik Park2, andKwang-Sik Choi1
12

Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea. E-mail: skchoi@jejunu.ac.kr
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Busan, Republic of Korea

In December 2007, the oil tanker Hebei Spirit collided with a crane barge 10 miles off the Taean coast on thewest coast of Korea, leaking 10,800 tons of crude oil. The spilled crude oil covered the entire coast of Taean anddestroyed the intertidal oyster aquaculture facilities. In an attempt to resume the oyster culture in the oil spill area,
we monitored growth and reproductive condition of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas raised in an intertidal
rack-suspended culture system at Uihangri beach in Taean, one of the most heavily damaged beaches by thespilled oil. The oyster spats were harvested from Uihangri beach during the post-spawning season in September
2011 using mussel shell as substrate. The oysters were then hardened for 10 months in upper inter-tidal zone andbefore they are transplanted into the culture system for grow-out in May 2012. The gamotogenic condition ofindividual oysters was examined using histology. Reproductive effort of female oysters was estimated using anindirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), where the rabbit anti-oyster egg protein IgG was served
as the primary antibody. In September 2013, the 2 years old oysters reached to 6.5 cm in shell length and 5.8 insomatic tissue wet weight. Histology indicated that the 2 year old oysters spawned during July and September. An
indirect-ELISA indicated that the fully ripe oysters produced 20-23 % of their body weight as egg prior to spawn,
while the amount of egg produced from the wild oysters occurring in the beach ranged 17-20 %. Reproductive
effort and the annual gametogenic pattern of the rack suspended cultured oysters in the oil spilled area measured
in this study was similar to the pattern of normal oysters in oil-spill free areas. Consequently, it was believed thatoyster aquaculture in Taean coast could be resumed.

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Marine Environmental Quality Committee Paper Session
MEQ-P1 (13264)

Marine environment quality assessment of the coastal areas around Vladivostok, using
biological and chemical data analyses (the Sea of Japan/East Sea)
Alexander Moshchenko, Tatyana Belan, Boris Borisov and Tatyana Lishavskaya
Far Eastern Regional Hydrometeorological Research Institute, Russia. E-mail: TBelan@ferhri.ru

The Golden Horn and Diomid Inlets, as well as adjacent areas of East Bosphorus Strait, are extremely unfavorable
for the existence of bottom fauna. These coastal areas are exposed to long-term, chronic pollution by toxic elements
and compounds - metals, petroleum hydrocarbons, phenols, and pesticides. In general there are no places where
the habitat would not be unfavorable for the bottom populations in these areas.
The minimum values of ecological indicators such as species richness, diversity, evenness, are observed in themost polluted areas of the Golden Horn and Diomid Inlets, which reflect a high level of anthropogenic impact. The
deterioration of the ecological state of benthos in these areas, as well as in the eastern part of the Amursky Bay, iscaused not only by the level of chemical pollution of the environment, but also by the oxygen demand.
At an extreme and strong level of chemical pollution, communities with a reduced species composition are formed.
Almost all of the species found in these areas are positive indicators of pollution and eutrophication. As theanthropogenic impact is decreased, the macrozoobenthos communities become more diverse. Such communities
of macrozoobenthos exist on the investigated areas for many decades in conditions of a relatively stable and highlevel of chemical pollution.

MEQ-P2 (13273)

Community and distribution of coccolithophores in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea
Zhang Jian, Wang Qiu-Lu, Xu Yan and Yang Lu
National Marine Data and Information Service, Tianjin, 300171, China. E-mail: 889900hhhhhh@163.com

We conducted a community-based survey on the distribution of coccolithophores in the Chinese Yellow Sea
waters during the summer (July 20–September 1) and winter (December 23–February 5) of 2015. During summer,
21 species of coccolithophores were found in the Chinese Yellow Sea waters of the survey area dominated by
E. huxleyi, G. oceanica, U. tenuis, and F. profunda. The coccolithophore cell abundance was between 0.23×103
cells/L and 17.62×103 cells/L, with an average of 2.84×103 cells/L. During winter, 20 species of coccolithophores
were found in the Chinese Yellow Sea waters of the survey area dominated by E. huxleyi, G. oceanica, F. profunda,
and U. tenuis. The coccolithophore cell abundance was between 0.12×103 cells/L and 35.35×103 cells/L, with anaverage of 3.84×103 cells/L. We systematically described and analyzed the distribution of coccolithophores in the
Yellow Sea and East China Sea to study their community distribution in the Chinese sea.

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MEQ-P3 (13300)

Abundance and community structure of ammonium monooxygenase (amoA) genes in
Liaohe estuary sediments, China
Hongxia Ming1, Huizhen Zhang1, 2, Jie Su1 and Jingfeng Fan1, 31

23State Oceanic Administration Key Laboratory of Coastal Sea Area Ecological Environment, National Marine Environmental
Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
College of Aquaculture and Life, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China. E-mail: jffan@nmemc.org.cn

Ammonia oxidation is the first step and the rate-limiting step of nitrification, which is an important part of the
global nitrogen cycle. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) are important
players in the ammoxidation process. In this study, 13 sediment samples from the Liaohe River estuary werecollected. The abundances of 16S rRNA and amoA genes were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative
PCR. The diversity and community structure of AOA and AOB were investigated by constructing clone libraries.
Quantitative PCR results showed that the 16S rRNA gene abundances of archaea and bacteria were 1.05 × 108~ 1.31 × 109 and 3.05 × 1010 ~ 1.37 × 1012 copies/g wet sediment, respectively. The AOA and AOB amoA geneabundances ranged from 3.10 × 106 ~ 2.85 × 107 and 6.59 × 105 to 1.20 × 107 copies/g wet deposit, respectively. At
all stations, AOA abundance was greater than AOB. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the AOA amoA sequenceswere mainly Nitrosophaera and Nitrosopumilus, and the AOB amoA sequences were mainly clustered into two
branches, one is Nitrosomonas, and the other is unclassified locating in estuarine sediments and wetland soils.
In addition, canonical correspondence analysis showed that the environmental factors affecting AOA community
distribution were salinity, pH, ammonia (NH4+), conductivity, total phosphorus, sand, and silt content, while thesand and silt content had a significant effect on AOB community structure.

MEQ-P4 (13318)

Trends of sediment accretion and carbon sequestration in Liaohe estuarine wetland
Jinqiu Du, Daoming Guan, Ziwei Yao, Guangshui Na and Zhen Wang
Key Laboratory for Ecological Environment in Coastal Areas (SOA), National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023,
China. E-mail: jinqiu609@163.com

From a radionuclide-based analytical approach, combining parameters such as TOC and TN, the sedimentation
rates and sedimentary organic carbon (SOC) accumulation characteristics of reed marsh and bare beach at different
elevation were studied, the carbon sequestration function of Liaohe estuarine wetland was thereby unveiled.
The result showed that, the sedimentation rates of reed marsh and bare beach in study area increased with time
based on 210Pbex and 137Cs chronology methods, the average sedimentation rate of bare beach on the same timescale was higher than that of reed marsh, Liaohe estuarine wetland has been showing siltation tendency over the
past 100 years, and the siltation degree weakened with the rise of elevation. Using the change of sediment massaccumulation rate (MAR) over time, it was shown that the evolution of sediment accretion in Liaohe estuarine
wetland was affected by terrestrial input and tidewater intrusion, resulting in the alternation of siltation anderosion, and the evolution in bare beach was more dramatic. Utilizing the temporal and spatial distribution of
total organic carbon (TOC) and C/N ratio, it was ascertained that the source of organic matter in Liaohe estuarine
wetland was dominated by terrestrial input. Affected by vegetation, SOC in shallow reed marsh was significantly
higher than that of bare beach, but the accumulation rate of SOC (AR-SOC) in bare beach was still higher thanthat of reed marsh. Comparing to vegetation input, the higher MAR had a more noticeable effect on the AR-SOC
in the study area of Liaohe estuarine wetland.

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MEQ-P5 (13373)

Spatial characteristics of microplastic in the zooplankton samples collected from the
Yellow Sea
Jung Hoon Kang1, Oh-Youn Kwon1, Minju Kim1, Sang Hee Hong2, Won Joon Shim2
1
2South Sea Environment Research Center, KIOST, Geoje, Republic of Korea. E-mail: jhkang@kiost.ac.kr
Oil and POPs Research Group, KIOST, Geoje, Republic of Korea

We investigated abundance and composition of microplastics in archived zooplankton samples collected from the
Yellow Sea, where samples were acquired at five different layers in 12 stations using a closing net (mesh size: 200µm) in April and August 2013. Total microplastic abundances in the surface waters (0-10m) were most dominant(8.71~25.22 particles/m3 in April, 3.77~9.44 particles/m3 in August), while those in the lower layers (40~90m)
were relatively low (0.00~9.98 particles/m3 in April, 0.00~7.34 particles/m3 in August).
Types of the microplastic were fiber, sphere, hard plastic, other foamed and paint particles, of which polymer types
were polypropylene, polyester, cotton, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene terepthalate and alkyd. Among thepolymer types, polypropylene dominated to total microplastic in the surface waters, while polyester dominated in
the lower waters during the study. The fiber accounted for 59.2% (Avg. 5.1 particles/m3) in April and 72.8% (Avg.
2.5 particles/m3) in August of the total microplastics. The polymer types of fibers consisted of polypropylene,
polyester and cotton, of which polypropylene was dominant type as 48.1% in April, and 52.9% in August. The
ratio of microplastic-to-zooplankton, indicating “encounter rate” ranged generally higher in the surface waters
compared to other strata during the study. These results indicated that vulnerability of plankton or planktivores tonumerically dominant fibers is likely to be high in the surface waters of the Yellow Sea.

MEQ-P6 (13430)

Atmospheric long-range transport of microplastics: A preliminary result of atmosphericfall-out samples from a remote island (Daecheong Is.), South Korea
Su-Hyun Kim and Seung-Kyu Kim
Incheon National University, Incheon, Republic of Korea. E-mail: skkim@inu.ac.kr

Recently, there has been an increasing interest in microplastics (MPs), which have been investigated in various
media. In aquatic ecosystems, high concentrations of MPs was observed not only in the human activatedareas (such as rivers and marine), but also in polar regions where human activity is extremely rare. Althoughatmospheric fall-out is suspected as another transport pathway of MPs, their long range transport mechanisms
has not been investigated so far. In the present study, we determined the presence of MPs in atmospheric dry/
wet deposited samples to elucidate their atmospheric transport potentials. For that, atmospheric fall-out samples
were periodically collected every two weeks throughout one year from April 2017 to May 2018 at a remote island(Daecheong Is.) which locates at the westernmost part of Korean peninsula and is on the way for atmosphericpollutants originating from China to transport to Korea. Our preliminary results showed the occurrence of fibrous
MPs as well as other various types of MPs (such as bead and fragment) in atmospheric fall-out samples. Throughfurther analysis, we will characterize MPs present in atmospheric sample and calculate their deposition rates.
Finally, we present the origin of MPs in air using the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory
Model (HYSPLIT) provided by NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration).

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MEQ-P7 (13467)

Stimulated phosphorus utilization by possible increase of dust deposition in the western
North PacificTamaha Yamaguchi1, Kazutaka Takahashi1, Mitsuhide Sato1,2 and Ken Furuya3
1
2
3

Department of Aquatic Bioscience, The University of Tokyo. E-mail: tamaha-yamaguchi@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University

Future climate change is predicted to increase dust deposition to oligotrophic oceans and thus influence biologicalactivities of marine microbial communities, because dust is a primary source of trace metals constructing reaction
centers of various enzymes in microbes. Alkaline phosphatase is one of these metalloenzymes requiring either zincor iron, and plays a crucial role in phosphorus acquisition by organisms, although roles of trace metal in the marine
phosphorus cycle is not understood in detail. In this study, we examined the effect of zinc/iron/phosphate additionon alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) through on-board enrichment experiments conducted at 4 stations along
an east-west transect (23°N) in the subtropical North Pacific Ocean. Initially, particularly high APA was observedat the westernmost station (140°E) simultaneously with depleted phosphate. APA was suppressed after phosphate
addition which revealed that phosphate limited region distributed from 140°E to 170°W and the greatest positive
response of zinc/iron addition on APA (2.5/1.5 folds higher than control) was observed at a station (160°E) locatedtherein. Enhancement of APA by addition of iron and zinc was also observed at the westernmost (140°E) andcentral part (170°W) stations, respectively. These results suggest that limiting factors of APA gradually shiftedfrom iron to zinc with distance from the Asian Continent. This is the first report of co-limitation of phosphate andtrace metals in the western North Pacific Ocean and suggests that phosphorus consumption in this region will be
stimulated by future increase of dust events, resulting in progress of oligotrophication.

MEQ-P8 (13486)

Toxicity and affecting of toxic dinoflagellates on plankton and bacterial community
Renyan Liu, Yubo Liang
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China. E-mail: liurenyan1963@163.com

The increasingly frequent of harmful algal bloom(HAB) have been aggravated the deterioration of the coastal
ecological environment on the worldwide and caused huge losses to the aquatic economy in coastal countries.
Some harmful algae can produce phycotoxins, which may cause poisoning or death to human beings, marine
animals and even aquaculture organisms. These toxic microalgae can also poison the marine organisms coexistingin the same ecosystem. How do these poisons, especially to marine plankton and micro-organisms, affect themarine ecological structure, and what are the risks to the ecosystems? In the past, more attention was paid to theharm of phycotoxins in marine food to human. In this paper, 3 species of toxic dinoflagellates, Protoceratium
reticulatum, Prorocentrum lima and Alexandrium nimutum, which widely have distributed in the coastal waters ofChina, were studied. The relationship between toxic effects and quantitative responses to plankton (zooplankton
and phytoplankton) and marine young fish have been studied. The affecting of these three spices of toxic
dinoflagellates on the bacterial community and their diversity have also been studied. The possible ecological risk
was estimated by the species sensitivity evaluation method, and these results may lay the foundation for the indepth study and evaluation of the harm and risk of toxic dinoflagellates to the marine ecosystem.

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MEQ-P11 (13596)

Distribution of harmful algae, nutrients and iron in Bungo Channel, western Seto InlandSea, Japan
Kanako Naito1, Nodoka Kai1, Setsuko Sakamoto2 and Masahiro Maruo3
12
3

Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Shobara, Hiroshima, Japan.
E-mail: naito@pu-hiroshima.ac.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries and Environment of Inland Sea, Fisheries Research Agency, Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima, Japan
School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Hikone, Shiga, Japan.

Iron is an especially essential element for the growth of microalgae and its deficiency is well known to suppress
primary productivity in marine ecosystem. Therefore, elucidating the distribution of iron in seawater is significantly
important for understanding the marine biogeochemical cycle. We investigated the harmful algal species
composition and the concentration of dissolved nutrients, iron (DFe), and total iron (TFe) in surface, intermediate
and bottom water samples at seventeen stations in Bungo Channel, western Seto Inland Sea. Samplings werecarried out in July 2017 using the research vessel “Shirafuji-Maru”. Concentration of dissolved inorganic nitrogen(DIN, NO3-N+NO2-N+NH4-N), phosphate (DIP), and silicate (DSi) were determined using an auto-analyzer.
DFe concentration was measured by spectrophotometry using PDTS (ferrozine) method with a long-path liquidwaveguide capillary cell. Prior to analysis, samples for TFe determination were irradiated with UV-A by a 400-W
low-pressure Hg lamp for 2 h to decompose interfering organic compounds. The bioelement concentration ranged
from 0.33 to 4.1 µM for DIN, 0.01-0.44 µM for DIP, 0.24-14 µM for DSi, and 1.03-129 nM for DFe, respectively.
As compared to Redfield ratio, these concentration distributions suggest DIN limitation for microalgae in almost
every region. During the investigation period, bloom of harmful dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi (up to 1,535
cells ml-1) was observed. Given the iron cell quota of K. mikimotoi, we here point out that particulate iron is an
important factor for harmful dinoflagellate bloom in Bungo Channel in summer. This research was supported inpart by Project for addressing red tides and oxygen-depleted water masses.

MEQ-P12 (13620) CANCELLED

Statistical analysis of seasonal water pollutants affecting phytoplankton proliferation on
the South Korean coasts
Young-Sug Kim, Tae-Young Heo, Jung-No Kwon
National Institute of Fisheries Science, 152-1, Haean-ro, Gijang-Up, Gijang-Gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea.
E-mail: youngsugkim@korea.kr

An analysis of the water quality of South Korean coastal regions was conducted considering their geographicalcharacteristics and including the major seasonal factors that determine water pollution, using a statistical method.
The pollution indices of the South Korean coast generally indicate oligotrophy, but an indices value > 1 may occur
during a red tide on west coast of the Korean Peninsula. The components of riverine water quality that affect thecoastal water quality include total nitrogen (TN) > chemical oxygen demand (COD) > total phosphorus (TP), in
this order of impact (R2 ≥ 0.55). The primary factors affecting chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) were salinity (S) and pollutant
load (COD, TN, and TP) as indicated by the factor analysis method. Temperature was considered a secondary
factor. Furthermore, S and TP were indicated as regulatory components in the multiple regression model of Chl-a.
The pollution indicators, TN and TP, were significant components of loading in accordance with river discharge,
and TP, which was presented as the main component that controlled proliferation of phytoplankton during seasons
such as spring and autumn, can be seen to have a great effect as well. Moreover, multiple linear regression results
provided the smallest prediction error, and provided effective performance.

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MEQ-P13 (13639)

Radiological investigation in the Far Eastern seas of Russia
Galina S. Borisenko, Sergey P. Dudkov, Anna S. Vazhova
Pacific Research Fisheries Centre (TINRO-Cente), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: vera_borisenko@mail.ru

Monitoring of the radiation situation in the operational areas of the economic zone of Russia in the Japan, Okhotsk
and Bering seas are conducted during marine expeditions on RNs of TINRO-Center. In 2015 from March to
November it was done 6500 measurements of background radiation in air, seawater and catches. Backgroundradiation was 5 to 12 mcR/h, i.e., was normal. The results of the investigation of concentration of artificial
radionuclides in seawater samples from the field showed that the concentration Cs-137 and Sr-90 within eachsea is slightly differed according to the stations (within the error of determination). Average annual radionuclide
concentrations are decreased from the Japan to the Bering Sea: from 1, 5 to 1.2 Bq/m3 for Cs-137 and from 1.2
to 0.9 Bq/m3 for Sr-90. We can conclude that the average annual concentration in surface waters in areas ofobservation in 2015 due to the artificial radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 were within the regional technologicallevel due to global contamination of the hydrosphere. It was examined the main commercial fish of the Far Easternbasin on the content of toxic radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 in the sea of Japan, three species of flatfishes, Pollock,Atka fish, in the sea of Okhotsk – is Pollock, Pacific herring, Pink salmon, in the Bering sea is Pollock, Cod. The
content of Cs-137 and Sr-90 were not significantly different in the samples from different fish species: the specificactivity of Cs-137 ranged between 0.4 - 1.2 Bq/kg and Sr-90 from 0.6 to 1.0 Bq/kg w. w. well below the allowablelevels of radionuclides Cs-137 and Sr-90 at the sanitary standards of the Russian Federation (130 and 100 Bq/kg,
accordingly) and corresponds to the Uniform sanitary and epidemiological and hygienic requirements approvedby decision of customs Union Commission dated May 28, 2010 № 299.
Thus, the radiation environment in fishing waters of the Far Eastern seas of Russia is assessed as sufficiently safein the radiation-hygienic attitude.

MEQ-P14 (13680) (also TALK)

Assessing the Severe Eutrophication Status and Spatial Trend in the Coastal Waters ofZhejiang Province (China)
Qutu Jiang1, Junyu He1, Jiaping Wu1, Xinyi Hu3, 4, Guanqiong Ye1, George Christakos1, 2
1
2
3

4

Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, China. E-mail: gqy@zju.edu.cn
Department of Geography, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA 92182, USA
State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou
510640, China
University of the Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China

The eutrophication of the coastal waters of Zhejiang Province has become one of the main contamination threats
to the region’s coastal marine ecosystems. Accordingly, the comprehensive characterization of the eutrophication
status in terms of improved quantitative methods is valuable for local risk assessment and policy making. A
novelty of this work is that the spatial distributions of chemical oxygen demand, dissolved inorganic nitrogen anddissolved inorganic phosphorus were estimated across space by the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) method.
The BME estimates were found to have the best cross-validation performance compared to ordinary kriging andinverse distance weighted techniques. Based on the BME maps, it was found that about 25.95, 19.18, 20.53 and34.34% of these coastal waters were oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic and hypereutrophic. Another noveltyof the present work is that comprehensive stochastic site indicators (SSI) were introduced in the quantitative
characterization of the eutrophication risk under conditions of in-situ uncertainty. The results showed that thelevel of the eutrophication index (EI) increased almost linearly with increasing threshold values; and that 71, 51
and 19% of coastal locations separated by various spatial lags experience considerable mesotrophic, eutrophic andhypereutrophic risks, respectively. Elasticity analysis of eutrophication indicators offered a quantitative measureof the excess eutrophication change caused by a threshold change (the larger the elasticity is, the more sensitive
eutrophication is to threshold changes). The above findings can contribute to an improved understanding ofseawater quality and provide a practical approach for the identification of critical coastal water regions.

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MEQ-P15 (13715)

Macro- and microelement composition of marine commercial fishes from the Far Eastern
Seas
Mikhail V. Simokon, Lidia T. Kovekovdova, Irina S. Narevich
Pacific scientific research fishery center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: mikhail.simokon@tinro-center.ru

For the last years the observation of content of macro- and microelements in the tissues of commercial species offish caught in the fishery areas of Far Eastern Seas was carried out. It is known, that marine organisms indirectlyreflect environmental condition, so samples of sea water from the catchment areas also were sampled for thelaboratory analysis. The concentrations of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb,
Sb, Se, Th, Tl, U, V, Zn in the muscle and liver tissues of fish and sea water were determined by method ofmass-spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP-MS). Levels of concentration of above-mentioned
elements in the marine environment and fish from Bering, Okhotsk and north-western part of Japan/East Seas arepoorly studied or unknown. The data acquired due to recent research allows to establish the background levels of
essential and toxic elements in pristine areas of Far Eastern Seas, to find temporal and spatial differences reflecting
biogeochemical processes in the sea. It was found, that pelagic plankton-feeders (herring, pollock) accumulated
rather low concentrations of toxic elements, but benthophages (flatfishes, cod) showed elevated concentrations oftrace elements due to close relation to bottom sediments. These findings are necessary to predict quality and safetyof marine bioresources, as valuable food source.

MEQ-P16 (13724) CANCELLED

Hypoxia of Jinhae Bay in the southeastern coast of Korea
Jun Ho Koo1, Youngsug Kim1, Jae-Hyun Lim2 and Jung-No Kwon1
1

2

Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
E-mail: Junhokoo@korea.kr
Marine Environmental Impact Assessment center, NIFS, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.

Some coastal semi-enclosed regions in Korea, such as Jinhae Bay and Gamak Bay, have suffered from hypoxia
since the 1970s and this phenomenon continues to the present day. Especially, in Jinhae Bay, severe hypoxia
occurs in the bottom waters from May to November, although the occurrence periods of hypoxia are different inevery year. In order to understand the temporal and spatial distribution of hypoxia in Jinhae Bay, we investigatedvarious environmental parameters including temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen at 30 stations in this bay
during hypoxic events periods in 2010-2017. The first development of hypoxia was in May when the bottom
water temperature was approximately 15°C and when the temperature difference between the surface and bottom
waters was 4~6°C due to thermal stratification developed gradually by solar heating. Hypoxic bottom waters
persist during summer, along with strong thermal stratification. The termination of hypoxia was in late Octoberand early November when the bottom water temperature was decreased from approximately 28°C in summer toabout 20°C in autumn due to the thermal cooling. Considering the spatial distribution of hypoxia, high frequency
of hypoxia occurrence was observed in Jindong Bay, Danddong Bay, and around Gajo Island, where the largescale shellfish and ascidian farms are concentrated, relative to other regions. Hypoxia water mass was mainly
distributed in the edge of bay during spring tide and in the center part of the bay during neap tide. This result
suggests that the spatial distribution of hypoxia is dependent on the tidal current.

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MEQ-P17 (13751)

Impacts of marine debris on seabirds in South Korea
Mi-jin Hong1, Young-soo Kwon2, Ho Lee2, Gil-pyo Hong2, Sang-moon Joe3 and Miran Kim2
1
2
3

Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Korea National Park Research Institute, Wonju, Kangwon, Republic of Korea. E-mail: ruddyduck318@gmail.com
Sahmyook University, Seoul, Republic of Korea

It has been reported that about 60-80% of the marine debris is plastic, and over 50 trillion of plastics are floatingin the ocean. Seabirds living in the marine environment are exposed to numerous plastic debris which cause
damages. The main types of damage by plastic debris are ‘entanglement’ and ‘ingestion’ on seabirds. In this study,
we investigated the cases of seabird damage caused by plastic debris in four breeding colonies of Black-tailed
gulls (Larus crassirostris) in South Korea from 2010 to 2018. The study areas are Hongdo Island in south sea of
Korea, Nando Island and Hwangseodo Island in west sea of Korea and Dok-do Island in east sea of Korea. We
visited these breeding colonies during the breeding season and collected dead birds or investigated the impactsof plastic debris on adults and juveniles of Black-tailed gulls. As a result, the main types of plastic debris thatcause damages to Black-tailed gulls were filament-form (long and thin), fishing net and fishing line. Plastics asfishing nets and traps from fishing boats are often floating and staying for a long time in the sea. Those items easily
entangled with a part of seabird bodies (e.g. beak, wings, and legs). Because Black-tailed gulls often follow thefishing boat to obtain food and catch fish near the sea surface, they can be much vulnerable on fishing line or net.
It is required to monitor impact of plastic debris (macro and micro plastics) on seabirds.

MEQ-P18 (13617)

Distributions of organic matter and heavy metal in Korean coastal sediments and theirpollution assessment
Dong-Woon Hwang1, Pyoung-Joong Kim2, Seong-Gil Kim3, Byoung-Seol Koh3, Sang-Ok Ryu4 and Jung-No
Kwon1
1

2
3
4

Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea.
E-mail: dwhwang@korea.kr
South Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS, Yeosu, 59780, Republic of Korea.
Korea Marine Environment Management Corporation, Seoul, 05718, Republic of Korea
Institute of Coastal Management & Technology, Muan, 58552, Republic of Korea

We measured grain size, organic matter (COD, AVS), and heavy metals (As, Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) in intertidal
sediments collected from 1,042 stations of 77 intertidal sectors in 2008-2013 and in sublittoral sediments collected
at 218 stations in 2014 to evaluate the organic matter and metal contamination in Korean coastal sediments. The
finer sediments in intertidal and sublittoral sediments are mainly distributed in the southwestern and southeastern
coasts, respectively. The concentrations of organic matter and heavy metals in both sediments were much higher
in southeastern coast, where many industrial complexes and large-scale fish and shellfish farms are concentrated,compared to the other coasts. This implies that the concentrations of organic matter and heavy metal in Korean
coastal sediments are dependent on anthropogenic inputs associated with human activities in the coastal zone.
Also, the concentrations of organic matter and heavy metals were relatively higher in sublittoral sediments thanin intertidal sediments. As the results of pollution assessment using sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) andgeoaccumulation index (Igeo), Korean coastal sediments were moderately polluted for As unlike other metals andwere little polluted for organic matter. Especially, the results of pollution assessment using pollution load index(PLI) and ecological risk index (ERI) showed that the intertidal and sublittoral sediments in the southeastern coastof Korea were significantly polluted for heavy metals. This result suggests that the high metal concentrations inthe southeastern coast could have a considerable adverse impact on the aquatic and benthic organisms.

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Physical Oceanography and Climate Committee Paper Session
POC-P1 (13276)

Summertime Bottom Cold Water Transports in the Northern Bohai Strait, China
Chuanxi Xing, Zhifeng Zhang, Wenqi Shi and Yongqing Liu
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China. E-mail: cxxing@nmemc.org.cn

Summer hypoxia has become a serious environmental problem in the Bohai Sea (BS). Functioning as an incubator,
persistent stratification of the water column is essential for the development of hypoxia in these areas. As a shallow
marginal sea, the maintenance of the thermal stratification in the BS depended greatly on the inflow of cold bottom
water from the Northern Yellow Sea (NYS) through the Bohai Strait. The summer bottom circulation in the
Bohai Strait and associated water transports were investigated with observational data and numerical means. In
the horizontal directions, the bottom circulation formed a sub-basin scale anti-clockwise gyre. Inflows of bottom
water from the NYS to BS were found in the northern and southern Bohai Strait, and outflows were found in
the central Bohai Strait. The special circulation pattern determined the passage of bottom cold water transports
inside the BS. Bottom water was transported into the southern and western depressions neighboring to the Central
Shallow Bank (CSB) along the 25m isobaths in the southern BS. Direct northward transports of the bottom waterfrom the NYS to the central depression in the LiaoDong Bay (LDB) suggested in previous studies were notconfirmed by either current observations or model results.

POC-P2 (13309)

Estimation of the hydrodynamic regime of water in the spring transitional season for halfa century in the Kamchatsky Strait (the Aleutian island system)
Svetlana Marchenko, Galina Vlasova and Natalia Rudykh
V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
E-mail: svetikvirginy@mail.ru; gavlasova@mail.ru; rudykh@poi.dvo.ru

The surface water circulation in the deep-water Kamchatka Strait (Нмах=4420 m) in the Aleutian archipelago
was calculated in the transitional spring season for the period 1950 - present on the basis of numerical modeling.
The spring season was used as an example of the transition from the winter to the summer due to its poor
knowledge. The model takes into account temperature and salinity at sea surface, spatial distribution of water
density, atmospheric influence, bottom relief, coast orography and water exchange through straits. Sources of data
are GEBCO (depth), NCEI (Sea Level Pressure Monthly Mean at Surface), WOD. The temperature and salinity
on the sea surface are calculated using ODV (Ocean Data View) algorithms. The uniform grid 5’×5’ was used
for calculations. The modeling results showed the average spring pattern of the currents over more than half acentury.Thus, the cyclonic activity and runoff of the cold Bering Sea waters, which are connected to the waters of
the Kamchatka Current, generally prevail in the strait. The anticyclonic character of water movement is observed
near Bering Island from the side of the Pacific Ocean, the main factor of which is the advection of waters from the
Pacific Ocean.The presence of these hydrodynamic structures contributes to the formation of a frontal zone in thestrait. It can be concluded that in the Kamchatka Strait winter hydrodynamic regime prevails due to the inertia of
the water masses.

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POC-P3 (13310) (Also TALK)The role of regional atmospheric processes in the formation of the structure of currents
in region of the straits surrounding Urup island (Kuril island system)
Galina Vlasova
V.I.Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch,Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041 Russia.
E-mail: gavlasova@mail.ru

The role of regional atmospheric processes in formation of the structure of current in the region of Urup Island in the
Kuril Islands Systemunder of influence north-western wind for period 1949-1994 on the basis of the hydrodynamic
model is shown. It is concluded that the nature of the variability of the hydrodynamic and atmospheric processes
are well correlated to seasonal: its maximum falls on the autumn-winter period, the minimum at the springsummer period. The revealed two-month phase shift of the dynamics of the compared processes can be explainedby the existence of a threshold of occurrence of the dependence of the formation of hydrodynamic structures on
the force of the wind effect, as well as the difference in inertial keeping of the formed water and air masses.

POC-P4 (13316)

The South Okhotsk Sea water thermal regime variability under influence of the water
dynamic and atmospheric circulation in summer
Valentina V. Moroz1, Tatyana Shatilina2
1
2

V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: moroz@poi.dvo.ru
Pacific Research and Fisheries centre (TINRO-Centre), Vladivostok, Russia

The investigations were made in the important economical region of the South Okhotsk Sea, but at the same timein the active dynamic zone. Intricate nature of hydrological regime of this area is caused by the presence of zones
of exchange through the LaPerous (Soya) and Kuril Straits by the different origin waters (Japan Sea - Okhotsk
Sea - Pacific ocean) transferred by streams of the currents of the South Okhotsk Sea. On the base of summaryof multi-year observations the water thermal regime variability in the investigation area as related to water
dynamic and atmospheric circulation were studied. On the background of warming tendency in the 1985-2017
increasing fluctuations of summer surface temperature were revealed. The links between the thermal regime in
the South Okhotsk Sea and Okhotsk High development were found. It was shown, that extreme warm regimes areconditioned by the Okhotsk High weakening and Soya current intensification. Abnormally cold thermal regime insummer is formed in the period of strong Okhotsk High and the East-Sakhalin current system development andSoya current reduction. The obtained results can be used for decision of the fishery and ecologies problems andfor developing the forecasts of hydrological conditions in this area.

POC-P5 (13317)

Water characteristics peculiarities formed by tides in the South Okhotsk Straits andadjacent areas
Valentina V. Moroz
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: moroz@poi.dvo.ru

Based on the data summary of multi-year research cruises observations in the areas investigation (Soya (LaPerous)
and Kuril Straits) the tides influence on the water thermohaline structure peculiarities forming were studied.
Such factor as sharply distinct tidal events and connected with them significant currents speed combining withcomplicated relief of bottom and climate conditions are forming specific water structure in the Straits zones. It was
found that the portions of the Okhotsk Sea water, while penetrating into the Straits zones as a rule with the vortex
formations, form the lens–shape areas of the coldest and law-salty waters. As the vortices, some volumes of thecold water can exist for a long time. In eddies and also in the currents system streams that carry and preserve own
parameters it is observed location of homogeneous cores of minimal temperature in cold intermediate layer. The
temperature breach and anomalies dynamics in the Straits zones as related to the tides were analyzed. The water
structure local peculiarity forming mechanisms were determined. It was shown that the tides are the dominantfactor, which determines water dynamic in the straits and water structure alterations.
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POC-P6 (13324)

Тemperature change along the Russian coast of the Japan Sea from 1991 to 2017
Larissa A. Gayko
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baltiyskaya St. 43, Vladivostok 690041,
Russia. E-mail: gayko@yandex.ru

It is the analysis of the variability of average annual water and air temperature according instrumental observationsof coastal weather stations in Primorye. A comparative analysis of the temperature variability of the two boundary
decades (1991–2000 and 2001–2010) between themselves and with the climatic norm (1961–1990) is carried out.
The average monthly temperature of water and air, average temperature for warm and average temperature forcold periods of the last three five years (2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015) are compared with each other. The
results of these studies show an uneven increase in temperature in the region under study during the period underreview.

POC-P7 (13389)

Kuroshio warm water intrusion observed by high-resolution survey
Daiki Ito, Yugo Shimizu and Daisuke Ambe
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: dito@affrc.go.jp

The Kuroshio coastal area, which is located between the south coast of Japanese islands and the Kuroshio, isnutrient-rich and becomes a major spawning grounds of various fishes. The Kuroshio south of Japan has three
typical paths and took large meander path in August 2017 twelve years after the last time. Kuroshio warm water
intrusions into the Kuroshio coastal area, which are accompanied by the large meander, greatly influence thefisheries there because the intrusions raise temperature and salinity, and tide rapidly. While the impact of Kuroshio
warm water intrusions on fisheries is a deep concern, studies of its generation and evolution mechanism arevery limited. Satellite observations imply that Kuroshio warm water intrusions occur near the eastern troughof the meander where surface anticyclonic vorticity is strong. To approach vertical structure and mechanism of
Kuroshio warm water intrusions using in situ data, we conducted several high-resolution surveys using CTD,
XCTD and ADCP near the eastern trough of the meander in August, September 2017 and April 2018, respectively.
Hydrographic and velocity sections revealed that the warm water intrusions are associated with ageostrophic
flow, cause rapid water mass transport, and have horizontal scales of O(10 km). The dynamical structures further
suggested that intrusions are induced by centrifugal force and interpreted as one of the submesoscale phenomena(scales of O(1-10 km)).

POC-P8 (13411)

Mechanisms of future upwelling change in the equatorial Pacific using CMIP5 models
Mio Terada1, Shoshiro Minobe1 and Curtis Deutsch2
1
2

Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: mio.terada@sci.hokudai.ac.jp
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA

Equatorial upwelling play an important role in oxygen via advection of oxygen and transport of nutrient to theeuphotic zone used by biological production. Previous studies showed that climate models project the weakeningof equatorial upwelling in the Pacific, and the main suggested responsible mechanisms are Ekman pumping nearsurface and equatorial undercurrent (EUC) change at depth. However, how much of upwelling reduction was not
explained by each mechanism quantitatively. Therefore, in order to understand better the mechanisms of upwellingchange, we analyze output data from 24 CMIP5 models in the equatorial Pacific until 2100 under RCP8.5.
In order to obtain better physical explanation, we divide total upwelling into isopycnal upwelling (vertical velocity
component of current velocity parallel to isopycnal surfaces) and diapycnal upwelling (difference between total
and isopycnal upwelling). The total upwelling decreases in the equatorial Pacific about 50-200m depth until
2100. Three-fourths of total upwelling reduction in the eastern equatorial Pacific at 100m depth, where there is aboundary of euphotic zone, is explained by the isopycnal upwelling change. Further division indicate that 71% of
isopycnal upwelling change there is caused by the zonal isopycnal gradient change. Thus, it is shown that about ahalf of equatorial upwelling reduction in the eastern equatorial Pacific is induced by the EUC flattening.

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POC-P9 (13415)

A numerical study on the circulation, wave and suspended sediment in the Yellow andEast China Seas
Kyeong Ok Kim1, Igor Brovchenko2, Vladimir Maderich2, Hanna Kim1, Mee Kyung Kim1 and Kyung Tae Jung1
1
2

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea. E-mail: kokim@kiost.ac.kr
IMMSP, Kiev, Ukraine

We summarize in this work a recent development of a three-dimensional numerical model for the Yellow andEast China Seas equipped with multiple-scale circulation, wave and multiple-size suspended sediment modules.
The hydrodynamic numerical model SELFE that solves equations for the circulation, the wave action and sandtransport on the unstructured grids has been used as a base model. Some important improvements have beenmade. To deal with the multiple-scale circulation including tide, wind and oceanic circulation, we have introduced
an open boundary condition to obtain stable solutions in the presence of multi-scale circulation. Hydrodynamic
results have been verified using tidal elevations around the Yellow Sea have, while wave results have been verified
using wave measurements in coastal seas southwest of Korean Peninsula. We have extended the non-cohesive
sediment module of SELFE to the form applicable to mixture of cohesive and non-cohesive sedimentary regimes
by implementing an extended form of erosional rate and a flocculation model for the determination of settling
velocity of cohesive flocs. The exchange of sediment between the bed and the flow is modeled using sink andsource terms acting on the bottom computational cell. These terms represent the processes of sediment entering theflow due to erosion flux and the sediment settling down due to the depositional flux. For the mixture of cohesive
and non-cohesive sediments we follow the assumptions based on the parameter of critical cohesive sediment
fraction in the bed. Erosion of mixtures of cohesive (mud) and non-cohesive sediments (sand) is independent
if clay content is below critical. Above critical clay content the bed behaves cohesively. In the non-cohesive
regime exchange of sand and mud with bottom is independent, whereas in cohesive regime an erosion of mud andsand occurs simultaneously as cohesive sediment. The deposition is independent process for cohesive and noncohesive sediments. Results of suspended sediment distributions in the Yellow Sea computed without wave andwith wave have been compared with newly constructed GOCI images.

POC-P10 (13470)

Sea Ice Extent Retrieval with HY-2A Scatterometer data and its Assessment
Lijian Shi
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District , 100081, China, PR. E-mail: shilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn

A sea ice extent retrieval algorithm over the polar area based on scatterometer data of HY-2A satellite has been
established. Four parameters are used for distinguishing between sea ice and ocean with Fisher’s linear discriminant
analysis method. The method is used to generate polar sea ice extent maps of the Arctic and Antarctic regionsof the full 2013-2014 from the scatterometer aboard HY-2A (HY-2A-SCAT) backscatter data. The time seriesof the ice mapped imagery shows ice edge evolution and indicates a similar seasonal change trend with total ice
area from DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) sea ice concentration data. For bothhemispheres, the HY-2A-SCAT extent correlates very well with SSMIS 15% extent for the whole year period.
Compared with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery, the HY-2A-SCAT ice extent shows good correlation
with the Sentinel-1 SAR ice edge. Over some ice edge area, the difference is very evident because sea ice edges
can be very dynamic and move several kilometers in a single day.

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POC-P11 (13483)

The real-time warning system against rip currents occurred at Korean peninsula
Jimin Ko1, Yong Huh1 and Junwoo Choi2
12

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency, Busan, Korea. E-mail: jmko124@korea.kr
Korea Institute of Construction Technology, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.

Starting with Haeundae Beach at Busan, Korea, in 2011, the Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic
Agency(KHOA) has been operating a real-time warning system against rip currents that occurred at some beaches
at Korea peninsula. A rip current is a stream of seawater gathering in one place as the waves break down, and anarrow, fast stream of sea water quickly moves a sea urchin into a deep sea. Accordingly, the KHOA uses realtime observations such as the wave height, wave period and direction by ocean buoy and the sea level height of
the tidal station and the forecast algorithms extracted based on the simulation data according to the oceanographic
environment scenario. It is currently operating five new beaches in Busan Haeundae(2011), Chungnam Daecheon(2014), Jeju Jungmun (2015), Gangwon Gyeongpo (2016), and Busan Songjeong (2017). This notification andinformation system is available as a web page which shows observations, current velocity, tidal elevation, watertemperature and 4 CCTV showing the each beach status. We also support SMS to coast guard, that include rip
current risk rank, index, wave height, water temperature, wind speed and so on. KHOA supports this system to
Korea coast guards and National rescue service and it helps their action a lot.
While it is impossible to eliminate the physical cause of the rip current, safety accidents can be prevented inadvance by utilizing the system with improved predictive accuracy. In addition, using the in-flow forecast
information, coast guards can quickly rescue swimmers caught in the rip currents.

POC-P12 (13487)

Seasonal and longer-term variation of the Kuroshio temperature and salinity based on
repeat observation along 138˚E
Yugo Shimizu, Keiichi Yamazaki, Takeshi Okunishi, Akira Kusaka, Daisuke Ambe, Daiki Ito, Takashi Setou,
Kiyotaka Hidaka, Atsushi Nishimoto and Sayaka Sogawa
Fisheries Research Agency, Yokohama, Japan. E-mail: yugo@affrc.go.jp

The Kuroshio is a western boundary current in the north Pacific subtropical gyre, which flows northeastward off
the southern coast of Japan Islands. Temperature or salinity change in long-term such as decadal or century scalein the north Pacific subtropical gyre has been reported based on some databases or Argo data by previous studies,but description about smaller time-spatial scale change is needed for the further understandings of the long-term
variability. We will describe the time change of the Kuroshio temperature and salinity based on the data obtainedby seasonally repeated observation along 138˚E (O-line) during 2000 to 2017. Temperature, salinity and density
on the Kuroshio axis on the O-line shows the seasonal variability clearly in the upper layers with some phase-delay
and amplitude-damping to deeper layers. The seasonal mean temperature at 10 m depth reaches the maximum(minimum) in August (March), and the mean salinity at 10 m depth reaches the maximum (minimum) in January(August). As to longer-term variation, annual mean temperature and salinity on the Kuroshio axis didn’t seem tohave a significant change for the observation period. The indicative isotherm for the Kuroshio axis was suggested
to be 15˚C at 200 m depth according to Kawai (1969), whereas the mean temperature at 200 m depth below thesurface geostrophic current maximum around the Kuroshio was estimated to be 15.5˚C.

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POC-P13 (13488)

Reproducing the sea level in the last 30 years to predict in the Northwest Pacific using a
numerical model
Kwang-Young Jeong1, Eunil Lee1, Ho-Kyun Kim1, Yang-Ki Cho2, Myeong-Taek Kwak2, Yong-Yub Kim2
1
2

Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency (KHOA), Busan, Republic of Korea. E-mail: kwangyoung@korea.kr
Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea

The sea level of the Korean coast has risen at a rate of 2.96 mm/year since 1989 (KHOA, 2017), which is slightly
higher than the global average of 2.0 mm/year by the IPCC (2013). Recently, the rate of sea level rise is acceleratingwith time, further implying rapid increase of sea level in near future. This study aims to predict rising trend ofsea level using Regional Climate Ocean Model (RCOM) with ROMS. This model with high resolution of 1/20°
horizontally and 40 layers vertically has been established for reproduction and long term forecast of sea-level
rise in the Northwest Pacific, including marginal seas around Korea. To produce optimal boundary values for the
RCOM, we evaluated six variables (i.e., RMSEs and trend of upper layer heat content, SST, and SSH) of 41 global
climate model (CMIP5) results. EC-EARTH and NorESMI-M showed best performance in the Northwest Pacificand global ocean, respectively. However, ensemble mean of top seven model results is better than the one bestmodel in the performance. In order to evaluate the performance of the RCOM, we have quantitatively evaluatedthe errors between the observation and the model results for last 30 years. According to the results, our RCOM
well reproduced the seasonal changes of SSH, SST, salinity, and current velocities in the Northwest Pacific. It also
well reproduced phenomena such as long-term change of SST, the trajectory of the Yangtze River diluted water,transport in the major straits. Future work will focus on predicting the next 100 years of sea level change based on
IPCC climate change scenario (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 8.5).

POC-P14 (13494)

Impact of ARGO observation data on a sub meso-scale forecast based on ROMS
Takashi Setou1, Hiroshi Kuroda2, Takeshi Okunishi3, Hitoshi Kaneko3, Yugo Shimizu1, Kiyotaka Hidaka1, Takahiko
Kameda1, Kazuhiro Aoki1, Atsushi Nishimoto1, Sayaka Sogawa1 and Takeshi Taneda4
1

2
3
4

National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research and Education Agency of Japan, Yokohama, Japan
E-mail: setou@affrc.go.jp
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency of Japan, Kushiro, Japan
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency of Japan, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research and Education Agency of Japan, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan

Impact of ARGO float data on a short-term range forecast has been investigated. The Argo observation network
is a major device to monitor some changes of ocean conditions above 2000m depth in real time. This has enabled
the data to be routinely utilized as initialization tools of some eddy-resolving ocean forecast systems such as FRAROMS with a horizontal grid size 10km, which has been assimilated with satellite SSH/SST and hydrographic
data by the 3D variational assimilation scheme, and this leads to effectively improve the forecast score on themeso-scale range. In this study, the sensitivity experiments has been carried out to assess the impact of ARGO
data on a sub meso-scale model instead of meso-scale model such as the FRA-ROMS, which model is based on
ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System ) with a horizontal grid size 2km and a variational assimilation method
south of Japan. Consequently, the introduction of the ARGO data enabled to finely represent hydrographic events
such as the warm water intrusion and the propagation of frontal wave on the northern edge of the Kuroshio current
and to remarkably improve the sub meso-scale on the short term range forecast (about 10days) in continental shelfregion.

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POC-P15 (13526) CANCELLED

Swell-dominant surface waves inherent in the coastal shape of rias bays facing the western
North PacificKosei Komatsu1, 2 and Kiyoshi Tanaka2
1
2

Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan. E-mail: kosei@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan

Real-time monitoring of wind and surface waves in Otsuchi Bay, a ria located in the northeastern portion of Japan,
had been continued over four years since October 2012, using a mooring buoy with an ultrasonic anemometerand a single-mode GPS wave sensor. We analyzed two-dimensional energy spectra of the surface waves and thewind data monitored hourly, in order to elucidate the mechanism determining the variability of surface waves
inside rias bays that face the western North Pacific. Regardless of season, surface waves inside Otsuchi Bay are
predominantly affected by swells propagating southwestward, which are suggested to be originated mainly fromthe northeastern offshore region where the component of the wind velocity directed to Otsuchi Bay is correlated
significantly with the significant wave height observed inside the bay. Moreover, the significant wave heightobserved inside the other rias bays close to Otsuchi Bay reveals also a significant correlation with the componentof the offshore wind velocity toward each bay. Interestingly, the significant correlation distributes dependently on
the direction extended from the mouth of each bay, indicating that the horizontal distribution of the offshore windfield which has dominant effects on coastal surface waves in the rias bays depends heavily on the topographic
shape of the bay.

POC-P16 (13539)

Features of cyclonic activity over the Pacific Ocean and the Far Eastern Seas in springand summer in 1995-2015
S.Yu. Glebova
Prognosticate and regulation regional trade fishery, TINRO-center, 4, Shevchenko Alley, Primorsky Kray, 690950, Russia
E-mail: svetlana.glebova@tinro-center.ru

A comparison was made of the average annual quantity and intensity of cyclones for different areas of the AsiaPacific region: the Japan, Okhotsk, Bering Seas, the Kurile area, the northern part of the Pacific and off the east
coast of Japan. It turned out that the highest values both repeatability and intensity of cyclones in warm seasons isobserved in the east of the Bering Sea, also over the ocean and near Japan. The lowest cyclonic activity in warm
seasons is observed over the Sea of Japan.
From the mid-1990th to the mid-2010th the frequency of cyclones over the Pacific Ocean and east of Japan
increased, but they became less deep. On the contrary, over all the Far Eastern Seas, the number of cyclones
gradually decreased, and the intensity increased. The reason for this was the formation over the Commander
Islands of an area of increased atmospheric pressure (positive hPа anomalies). As a consequence, the cyclones
became active to the west and east of this area, special over the Sea of Okhotsk and the eastern regions of theBering Sea.
In different areas, the effect of cyclones on the thermal regime is not the same. In the Okhotsk and Japan Seas, inthe Kurile region, deep cyclones cause an increase water temperature, in the Bering Sea and in the Pacific Ocean
they contribute to a cooling of the thermal regime.

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POC-P17 (13563)

Climate-related decadal sea level and heat content shifts in the tropical PacificSang-Chul Cha, Jae-Hong Moon
Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea. E-mail: chasc0050@gmail.com

Since the early 1990s, sea level trends in the western tropical Pacific (WTP) have risen rapidly and trends in theeastern tropical Pacific (ETP) have fallen slowly or been near zero. However, the sea levels were flipped intoa downward trend in the WTP and an upward trend in the ETP over the recent few years. In order to identify
whether this trend reversal is a short-term shift associated with the strong El-Niño (2015/16) or a long-term shiftassociated with Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO), we used an ensemble empirical mode decomposition methodthat decomposes the signal into ones with different time scales. Our analysis showed that the recent sea level shift
is closely associated with a weakening of trade winds, which is consistent with a PDO shift to a positive trend
around 2011. We also used an ocean circulation model to determine how the ocean dynamically responds to theclimate-related surface wind forcing. The model results showed that the recent weakening of trade wind played
an important role in the decreasing (increasing) of the upper-ocean heat in the western (eastern) tropical Pacificduring the past few years due to ocean dynamics. Additional model experiment demonstrated the dynamical
responses of decadal ocean heat redistribution and sea level fluctuation to climate-related wind forcing.

POC-P18 (13564)

Effect of surface gravity waves on upper-ocean mixing in the northern East China Sea insummer using an ocean-wave coupled modeling system
Ji-Seok Hong, Jae-Hong Moon, Joon-Ho Lee and Su-Bin Kim
Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea. E-mail: jiseok@gmail.com

Vertical mixing in upper oceans can affect the vertical temperature distribution and mixed layer depth, which plays
a key role in air-sea interaction exchanging the heat and moisture in the air-sea interface. The vertical mixing
may be influenced by many factors including the wave-induced procedure such as Langmuir circulation, StokesCoriolis, and breaking wave. In a numerical simulation, it is important to consider the effect of waves on verticalmixing for accurate modeling of the temperature distribution in the upper ocean. In this study, we aim to evaluate
the effect of breaking wave on the upper-ocean thermal structure using an ocean-wave coupled modeling system.
The simulation results were compared to the in-situ observations which were conducted in the northern East China
Sea in summer 2017. In the ocean model, the breaking wave-induced vertical mixing was incorporated as theflux of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) in vertical mixing scheme. The numerical experiments with and without
wave effect revealed a significant enhancement of vertical mixing with a deepening mixed layer depth when the
breaking wave effect was considered. Moreover, a sensitivity experiment for two different parameterizations of
the breaking wave effect through the TKE were performed; one is wind-based TKE flux from an ocean modeland the other is based on the wave dissipation-based TKE flux from a coupled wave model. The comparison
results show that the breaking-wave effect prescribed by the wave dissipation energy from a wave model cansimulate more realistic upper-ocean temperature structure by generating a stronger TKE flux than the wind-based
parameterizations.

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POC-P19 (13604)

Decadal salinity variation in the western North Pacific correlated with the North PacificGyre Oscillation and the strength of the Kuroshio Extension
Hitoshi Kaneko1, Takeshi Okunishi1, Shinya Kouketsu2, Sachihiko Itoh3, Takashi Setou4, Hiroshi Kuroda5, andYugo Shimizu4
1

2
3
4
5

Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Shiogama, Miyagi, Japan.
E-mail: jinziren@affrc.go.jp
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute (Kushiro Laboratory), Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, Kushiro,
Hokkaido, Japan

Decadal changes in salinity around the density (~26.8), of North Pacific Intermediate Water (NPIW) were
investigated in the north regions of the Kuroshio Extension (KE), based on the long-term-data-sets provided fromnumerical reanalysis and shipboard observations. Focusing on the decadal variation of KE stability calculated
from the zonal average (142–165°E) of the meridional gradient of the sea surface height (34.5–37.0°E) as the KE
strength (KES), and we made lag-correlation analysis between the salinity and KES concerning the observationallines. The results showed that signals of significant negative correlation appeared around the density from
Hokkaido to the north region of KE. Based on the reanalysis data provided by an ocean forecast system of theJapan Fisheries Research and Education Agency (FRA-ROMS; 1992–2012, horizontal resolutions of 0.1°), we
found that the prominent signals of the negative anomalies at the density moved from Sanriku to the north regionof the KE (to the downstream) with the increase of the lag. KES was significantly correlated with NPGO with
2-years-lag. While previous studies focused on the relationships between KE strengths and changes south of theKE, the changes north of the KE revealed in this study also might modify the decadal changes around the KE.

POC-P20 (13605)

Instrumental observations in Peter the Great Bay during more than 100 years: Whatchanged?
Natalia I. Rudykh
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, Far Eastern Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia.
E-mail: rudykh@poi.dvo.ru

There are used data and information sources since 1887 on 2017 included in POI FEB RAS DBs. There is carriedout the comparative analysis of vertical and spatial distributions of hydrological parameters for available years
or bunched years. There are created and comprehensively investigated some various extent time series for somePeter the Great Bay subregions. As a result there is estimated variability of environmental conditions year by year
and decade by decade. There are revealed the key external factors that shape a change and extent of their influenceon the marine environment – from local to global.

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POC-P21 (13701)

Spatio-temporal fusion of multi-resolution satellite sea surface salinity (SSS) products
using Bayesian Maximum Entropy method
Mingjun He
Zhejiang University, Zhejiang Province, China. E-mail: 21734002@zju.edu.cn

Sea surface salinity (SSS) is an important parameter to understand the uncertainties for forecasting El NifioSouthern Oscillation, global warming, and other climate variations, yet its remote estimation, especially in coastal
waters, has been difficult because satellite sensors lack sufficient resolution and coverage. Integrating multiple
SSS products is an effective way to improve the spatial resolution and completeness. The Bayesian Maximum
Entropy method, a nonlinear geostatistical methodology, is applied to blend the satellite SSS derived from theSMOS and the Aquarius/SAC_D. The SMOS SSSs are processed as probability soft data and the Aquarius/
SAC_D SSSs are taken as hard data. Two kinds of SSS data are then merged in the BME paradigm to produce
SSS with a spatial resolution of 8 km and a temporal resolution of 24 hours. The merged SSSs are validated byusing the Argo records and the comparison shows that the merged SSSs are accurate and the bias and root-meansquare errors for the comparison are 0.3 psu and 0.62 psu, respectively. In addition, the blended SSS dataset has
a complete spatial coverage. The results demonstrate the blending potential of BME for multiple scales satellite
derived products integration.

POC-P22 (13739) CANCELLED

Ocean environmental monitoring using a wave glider
Young Baek Son1, Dae Hyun Kim2, Hyun Ju Oh3 and Jae Dong Hwang3
1
2
3

Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Jeju, Korea. E-mail: sonyb@kiost.ac.kr
Ocean Tech Co., LTD, Korea
National Institute of Fisheries Science, Pusan, Korea

Continuous observation under the extreme condition give the chance the understanding the process of air-oceaninteraction. Recently, from the new technology, we can measure the extreme sea conditions far from the coast. The
unmanned surface vehicle, a wave glider, is a hybrid vehicle that consists of a surface float and a submerged glider
tethered to it by an umbilical cable. It measured continuous observation with various onboard atmosphere andocean sensors and control the location and data remotely and in real time with satellite communication. We used
the wave glider to monitor the effect of the Typhoon Talim (Sep. 9 – Sep. 18, 2017), which have 940hPa and max.
wind speed 47m/s. It started to grow as it headed northwest and developed into a typhoon as it changed the trackwith northeast (Sep. 15, 2017). According to the best track data provided by ECMWF, we started the deploymentof the wave glider into the track of typhoon. The wave glider made its closest approach to Typhoon at around Sep.
16-17, 2017. The atmosphere pressure dropped into 995hPa, wind speed was up to 25 m/s, and significant wave
height was 9.1 m. However, we need more analysis retrieved from raw-data of the wave glider but this experiment
provides a new study of atmosphere-ocean interaction process in a typhoon.

POC-P23 (13744) CANCELLED

Extended ferry based monitoring lines in the western PICES Area
Hee Dong Jeong1, Vyacheslav Lobanov2, Joji Ishizaka3, Hee Chan Choi1, Sang Woo Kim1, In Sung Han1123

National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Kijanghaean-ro, Kijang-up, Kijang-gun, Busan, 46083 Republic of Korea.
E-mail: hdjeong@korea.kr
V.I.II’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute, 43, Baltiyskaya street, Vladivostok, 690041, Russia. E-mail: lovanov@poi.dvo.ru
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya Univ. Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku Nagoya, Aichi Japan 464-8601
E-mail: jishizaka@nagoya-u.jp

The Ferry based monitoring is an automated system for measuring of physical and bio-geochemical parameters insurface waters. It is mounted on ‘ships of opportunity’, such as ferries or container ships, on their regular routes
across the Sea or on shore-based installations. Water is pumped from a subsurface inlet into the measuring circuitof multiple sensors. Data are transmitted and made available after each transect via the Internet.
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An instrumented ferry made two transects per day across two current systems which are the northward East Korean
Warm Current (EKWC) and southward North Korean Cold Current (NKCC) since August 2012 from Gangneungto Ulleungdo in the southwestern boundary area of the JES. Another route from Incheon to Bakryeongdo in the
middle eastern boundary area of the Yellow Sea also made transects since February 2016. Sea surface water
properties of these transects were measured with high spatial and temporal resolution for an extended period oftime.
In recent, we have established 4 monitoring ferry routes such as Jeju Strait, Donghae(Korea)-Vladivostok(Russia),
Donghae-Sakaiminato(Japan) and Busan(Korea)-Simonoseki(Japan). The principal goal of this ferry based
monitoring is the construction of a long-term observatory within the NEAR-GOOS and western PICES area.

POC-P24 (13764)

Evaluation of mixed layer depth in the northern Indian Ocean simulated by CMIP5
climate models
Muhammad Y. Musabbiq1,2, Chan Joo Jang1,2, Minwoo Kim1 and Cheol-Ho Kim1,2
1
2

Korean Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, Busan, Korea. E-mail: yusufmusabbiq@kiost.ac.kr
University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea

Many studies have been extensively using the fifth Coupled Models Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) experiments
to investigate the climate variability and its future change both of which are crucial for developing the mitigation
and adaption strategies. In this study, we examine the mixed layer depth (MLD) simulated by 19 CMIP5 models
in order to find the underlying bias dynamics that might lead to inaccurate climate prediction over the northern
Indian Ocean (NIO). All models show a systematic deep MLD bias in winter especially in the northern ArabianSea (NAS) where the deepest bias is situated. The relationship of MLD with related variables showed that cold
surface air temperature bias accompanied by north-easterly winds from the landmass northern of the Arabian Sea
plays an important role on the bias development. This cold bias leads to more intense surface cooling over the
NAS in winter, indicated by overestimation of wind stress and evaporation, and the underestimation of sea surface
temperature, air surface temperature, and net heat flux which are favourable for MLD deepening. In addition, we
also found a tendency of upper layer stratification of each model that seems to have a secondary role to control
MLD from excessive deepening. Our findings suggest that improvements in atmospheric forcing parameterizationof CMIP5 models, especially surface air temperature bias, may have a significant impact to reduce the deep MLD
bias over the NAS.

POC-P25 (13792)

70 year long time series analysis of Bute Inlet water properties in British Columbia
Jessy Barrette1 and Jennifer Jackson2
1
2

Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada. E-mail: Jessy.Barrette@hakai.org
Hakai Institute, PO Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC, V0P 1H0, Canada. E-mail: Jenifer.Jackson@hakai.org

Bute Inlet is a typical fjord along the west coast of British Columbia where oceanographic data have been collected
since the 1950s. But Inet is about 75 km long and has an average width of 4 km, a maximum depth of 650m anda 370m depth sill at its mouth. At the surface, the fjord water properties are influenced by incoming freshwaterfrom the Homathko and Southgate Rivers, which create highly stratified waters. River runoff is generally stronger
over the spring and summer and reduced over the winter. At deeper depth, waters are more influenced by the saline
waters coming the Strait of Georgia at the mouth of the Inlet. We present the temperature, salinity and dissolved
oxygen concentration temporal variability at different depths and distinguish their seasonal, inter-annual and longterm variability. The result time series is a combination of the Pacific Ocean group (1948), University of British
Columbia (1950-1993), the Institute of Ocean Science (1998-2013), the Pacific Biological Station (1998-2016)
and the Hakai Institute (2017-2018) datasets. Together, these data are examined to gain a better understanding ofphysical properties in Bute Inlet and how these may have changed over time.

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POC-P26 (13802)

Interannual to decadal variability of the upper-ocean heat content in the western North
Pacific and its relationship to oceanic and atmospheric variability
Hanna Na1, Kwang-Yul Kim1, Shoshiro Minobe2 and Yoshi N. Sasaki2
1
2

Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea. E-mail: hanna.ocean@snu.ac.kr
Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

Three-dimensional oceanic thermal structures and variability in the western North Pacific (NP) are examined on
the interannual to decadal time scales and their relationship to oceanic and atmospheric variability is discussed
by analyzing observation and reanalysis data for 45 years (1964–2008), which is much longer than the satellitealtimetry period. It is shown that the meridional shift of the Kuroshio Extension (KE) and subarctic frontal zone
(SAFZ) is associated with the overall cooling/warming over the KE and SAFZ region (KE–SAFZ mode). It
appears, however, that changes in KE strength induce different signs of thermal anomalies to the south and northof the KE, not extended to the SAFZ (KE mode), possibly contributing to noncoherent variability between the KE
and SAFZ. Thus, the KE and SAFZ are dependent on each other in the context of the KE–SAFZ mode, while the
KE is independent of the SAFZ in terms of the KE mode. This intricate relationship is associated with different
linkages to atmospheric variability; the KE–SAFZ mode exhibits a relatively fast response to the large-scale windstress curl forcing in the NP, whereas the KE mode is related to a delayed response to the atmospheric forcing
via jet-trapped baroclinic Rossby wave propagation. It is suggested that further knowledge of the underlying
mechanisms of the two modes would contribute to understanding ocean–atmosphere feedback as well as potential
predictability over the western boundary current region in the NP.

POC-P27 (13834)

Evolution of chemical properties in the bottom shelf water during its movement acrossthe shelf of Peter the Great Bay
Anna S. Vazhova, Yury I. Zuenko
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINRO-Center), Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia. E-mail: anna.vazhova@gmail.com

Chemical properties of the Bottom Shelf Water (BSW) were investigated on the section across the shelf of Peter
the Great Bay in March 2018. During BSW movement across the shelf, its temperature had increased in 0.15°,
salinity decreased in 0.14‰, oxygen content increased in 0.22 mL/L, pH increased in 0.69, nutrients concentrations
increased (Si in 10.81 μM/L, DIP at 0.22 μM/L, DIN at 0.48 μM/L), total organics content decreased in 1.7 mg/L, and total iron content decreased in 0.005 mg/L. The oxygen change was conditioned by its consumption tooxidation of organics and its influx from the upper layer. This two components are evaluated separately with a 2Dmodel of BSW transformation based on the mixing mechanism. The nutrients behavior in BSW was analyzed,
too. The nutrients concentrations changed disproportionately to oxygen content. High biochemical consumptionof oxygen in initial stage of BSW movement was reasoned by high content of organic matter in the coastal waters
and bottom sediments, but this loss of oxygen was mainly compensated by mixing during further movement.
There is concluded that independently on biochemical consumption the oxygen content in BSW on the lower
shelf is rather stable and high, so efficiency of the Japan Sea bottom layer ventilation depends mostly on volumeof BSW that reaches the shelf edge and cascades down the slope. In the case of winter 2018, BSW did not reachthe shelf edge, so the bottom layer was not ventilated.

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W1: Ecological roles of gelatinous zooplankton: Evaluation, integrationand future prospects in a more gelatinous ocean
W1-P1 (13554)

Ecological impact of jellyfish fishery on symbionts of jellyfish in Thailand
Yusuke Kondo1, Susumu Ohtsuka1, Khwanruan Srinui2, Toshihiko Fujita3 and Jun Nishikawa4
1
2
3
4

Hiroshima University, Higashi-hiroshima, Japan. E-mail: mathematical_goodbye1999@yahoo.co.jp
Burapha University, Chon Buri, Thailand
National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Japan
Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan

In Thailand, two large-sized rhizostome species, Rhopilema hispidum and Lobonemoides robustus, arecommercially harvested. These jellyfishes frequently harbor shrimp scads Alepes djedaba, Christ crabs Charybdis
feriata, caridean shrimps Latreutes anoplonyx, and ophiuroids Ophiocnemis marmorata. Fishermen use gears
such as coarse-meshed scoop nets and hooks to catch these jellyfishes which resulted in, escaping out some of theassociated fish juveniles through the mesh. However, they seem to pay no attention to the symbiotic invertebrates
during the fishing. Especially, almost all ophiuroids are probably killed by jellyfish fishing, because they are firmly
attached to the host with terminal hooks of the arms. The negative effect of jellyfish fishery on these symbionts
was estimated based on the ecological data of the jellyfish and their symbionts obtained from a field survey, andthe FAO statistics. The results indicated that the most affected symbiont invertebrate was O. marmorata, which
was estimated to be killed at the rate of 12-16 million individuals per year by the jellyfish fisheries in Thailand.
It is likely that such a by-catch killing greatly influences the benthic communities. For conservation of marine
ecosystems, new alternative collection methods should be proposed.

W1-P2 (13606)

Morphological and molecular examination of Aurelia sp. in Orido Bay, Japan
Akane Iida, Kana Tozawa, Kenji Nohara and Jun Nishikawa
Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan. E-mail: 8btld001@mail.u-tokai.ac.jp

Molecular studies have revealed that the semaeostome jellyfish, Aurelia aurita s. l. includes 11 cryptic species.
Among them, Aurelia species distributed in Japan (e.g. Tokyo Bay) was treated as “Aurelia sp. 1”. Recently,
Scorrano et al. (2016) examined Aurelia spp. in the Mediterranean Sea using both morphological and molecularmethods, and concluded that Aurelia sp. 1 was identified as Aurelia coerulea von Lendenfeld. Orido Bay is locatedin the Pacific coast of Japan, and medusae of Aurelia sp. can be abundant during the summer. We carried out thedetailed morphological examinations in three lifecycle stages, i.e. polyps, ephyrae, and medusae, of Aurelia sp.
found in Orido Bay to compare them with those reported in Scorrano et al. Molecular analysis was also made to
identify this Japanese Aurelia. Among the 19 morphometric measures used in Scorrano et al., 8/14 in medusae,
3/3 in polyps and 2/2 in ephylae showed the closest values with those in the Mediterranean A. coerulea. Moreover,both number of lappets and the color of bell margin were fit with those in A. coerulea. Phylogenetic analysis basedon the COI sequences using a neighbor-joining method indicated that all individuals in Orido Bay belonged to thesame single-clade with those in Aurelia sp. 1 from other part of Japan, the Mediterranean, and the United States,
and were different from other Aurelia sp. (sp. 2–10 and A. aurita). Those results suggested that Aurelia sp. in
Orido Bay were both morphologically and molecularly same species with the Mediterranean A. coerulea.

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W1-P3 (13619)

Degradation of gelatinous zooplankton carcass by microbial community in seawater
Yumiko Obayashi1, Kana Imanaka2 and Jun Nishikawa

2Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan. E-mail: obayashi.yumiko.nn@ehime-u.ac.jp
Tokai University, Shizuoka, Japan.

1
2

Blooms of gelatinous zooplankton have occurred in various locations, however, effects of these blooms
on ecosystem and biogeochemical cycles in the ocean have not been revealed well, especially for microbial
degradation process of the carcass and their effect to microbial community. Here, we report rapid degradation
and utilization of carcasses of two gelatinous zooplankton, Aurelia coerulea (Cnidaria) and Beroe cucumis s.l.,(Ctenophora), by microbial community in seawater.
We conducted microcosm experiments to monitor microbial degradation of these carcasses. A piece of carcass of
Aurelia (8–13 g/L) or a whole body of Beroe (2–3 g/L) was put into freshly collected seawater including natural
microbial community, and incubated. During the experiments, water samples were subtracted to measure organiccarbon concentration (OC), abundance and community structure of prokaryotes, and extracellular proteaseactivities in the water.
In the microcosms with carcass, 1) OC was much higher than that in the control at the beginning and decreased
with time, 2) prokaryotes increased drastically during the first several days, 3) extracellular protease activities
were much higher than the control at the early stage, 4) different bacterial taxa were dominant between Aurelia
and Beroe bottles, 5) taxonomic succession was observed in prokaryotic community, 6) unidentified heterotrophic
unicellular eukaryotes increased at the mid-stage of the experiment of Aurelia. These results suggested thatcarcasses of these gelatinous zooplankton supplied immediate available organic matters for bacteria, and as aconsequence, not only bacteria but also whole microbial community in seawater were activated via microbial
food web.

W1-P4 (13641)

Carbon distribution strategy of Aurelia coerulea polyps in the strobilation process inrelation to temperature and food supply
Nan Wang1, Chaolun Li1,2,3, Yantao Wang1, Song Feng

1

1

2

3

Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao
266071, China
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,
Qingdao 266237, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China. E-mail: lcl@qdio.ac.cn

Strobilation directly determines the initial population size of adult jellyfsh, but energy distribution during thestrobilation process is not well understood. The diﬀerent stages in the strobilation process, including polyp budding,strobilation and body growth, were investigated at six temperature levels (8, 10, 13, 15, 17 and 19°C) and fve foodsupply levels (0, 30, 60, 100 and 150 μg C/L). The results showed that the duration of strobilation preparation stage(SP) remarkably decreased with increasing temperature. Food level positively aﬀected the production of buds andephyrae and the body growth of parent polyps. Of the six temperatures tested, 13°C was optimal for strobilation.
At 13°C, strobilation activity was enhanced, and this treatment resulted in the greatest energy distribution, highest
ephyrae production and longest duration of strobilation stage (SS). Polyps tended to allocate 6.58%–20.49%
carbon to buds with sufcient food supply regardless of temperature. The body growth of parent polyps was highest
at lower temperatures and higher food levels. This study is the frst to provide information on carbon-based energy
distribution strategy in the polyp strobilation process. We concluded that budding reproduction is a lower-risk
strategy for A. coerulea polyps to increase populations. Even during strobilation season, polyps prioritize budding,but at the optimal strobilation temperature, polyps utilize a portion of the energy stored for budding to releaseephyrae. The body carbon content of parent polyps may be considered as strategic energy reserves, which could
help to support budding activities and strobilation during harsh conditions.

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W1-P5 (13642)

Jellyfish fauna changes before and after 2011 Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in southernpart of Sanriku coast, Iwate, Japan
Hiroshi Miyake, Yume Sakuma, Kei Onochi, Neo Nishikawa, Kouki Sugimoto, Futaba Motoishi, Shiho Honda,
Tomoya Saito, Hironori Yokoba and Yoshimi Hamatsu
Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan. E-mail: miyake@kitasato-u.ac.jp

The Great Tsunami also disturbed seafloor and much of Tsunami debris flowed out. We have been studying seasonaloccurrence of jellyfishes in Ofunato bay and Okirai bay in southern part of Sanriku coast, Iwate, Japan since 2008.
In 2012, jellyfish fauna was almost same before the tsunami. After recovery and reconstruction of fishing ports
or coastal facilities and for coastal safety began from late 2012, however, occurrence of jellyfish fauna have beenchanged. Eutonina indicans and Tiaropsis multicirrata in Ofunato bay and Nemopsis dofleini in Okirai bay did notappear. Much of Cladonema paficica occuured on the gross seaweed on new walls of piers in Okirai bay in 2014.
Jellyfish fauna in 2015 was similar that in 2014, however, bloom of a species like Cl. pacifica was not observed.
This regulation may be caused by the increase of biodiversity of sessile organisms on the walls of pier and finish
the construction of fishing ports. Reconstraction of fishing port finished in 2015. From 2016, N. dofleini wasobserved in Okirai bay. From 2017, Eutonina indicans observed and Sarsia tublosa and Dipleurosoma typicum
ocuured as before earthquake in Ofunato bay. A parasitic sea anemone, Peachia quinquecapitata was observed on
the subumbrella of Aequorea coerulescens for the first time since 2012. Jellyfish fauna occurrence was affectedseriously not so much by the tsunami as by human activity such as recovery and reconstruction of coastal area.

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W6: Regional evaluation of secondary production observations andapplication of methodology in the North PacificW6-P1 (13302)

Zooplankton secondary production in high nutrient low chlorophyll (HNLC) andseasonally productive regions in the North PacificLian E. Kwong1, Evgeny A. Pakhomov1,2,3
1

23

Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
E-mail: lkwong@eoas.ubc.ca
Institute of Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Hakai Institute, P.O. Box 309, Heriot Bay, BC V0P 1H0, Canada

Zooplankton play a key role in marine food webs, linking primary producers and commercially valuable fisheries.
The rate of increase in biomass, which is dependent on growth and mortality, is referred to as zooplankton secondary
production. Because ecological rate processes (i.e., growth and mortality) are largely size and temperaturedependent, zooplankton secondary production can be measured using biomass size spectra (distribution of
biomass by body size). We analyzed zooplankton samples from the Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO) long termmonitoring voyage (Line P), which were collected over three seasons (winter, summer and fall) from 1995-2017.
Samples were run through a laser optic particle counter (LOPC) in the laboratory to produced normalized biomass
size spectra (NBSS). NBSS were then used to quantify zooplankton production along Line P by first empiricallyderiving growth rate, and then applying NBSS to predict mortality rate. Preliminary estimates of abundance,
biomass, growth, mortality, and secondary production over the past two decades will be presented. Zooplankton
secondary production ranged from 0.06 to 15 mgCm-2day-1 along Line P. These results were used in combination
with environmental parameters to model and predict climate driven changes in the pelagic ecosystem along Line
P. This project is part of a strategic National Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) grant incollaboration with DFO, the University of Victoria, the University of British Columbia, the Hakai Institute/Tula
Foundation, Sir Alister Hardy Foundation and Oregon State University.

W6-P2 (13465)

Estimation of egg production rate of Calanus sinicus from preserved samples
Takashi Fushima1, Takafumi Yamaguchi1, Kiyotaka Hidaka2, Mana Mikawa1, Minamo Hirahara3, Tomohiko
Kikuchi1, Tatsuki Toda3 and Shinji Shimode1
1

2
3

Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan.
E-mail: fushima-takashi-nm@ynu.jp
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Kanagawa, Japan
Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan

Calanus sinicus is one of the dominant planktonic copepods in coastal zooplankton communities and plays
important role of the secondary production in the mid latitude area of the Northwestern Pacific. In a congenericspecies of Calanus finmarchicus, Niehoff and Runge (2003) reported that egg production rate (EPR) can bepredictable from gonad development stages (GS) of formalin-preserved female specimens. In this study, toestimate EPR of C. sinicus from GS, we investigated season changes in both in situ EPR by 24 hrs female
incubation experiments and GS of the adult female in formalin-preserved samples collected at the same time.
The experiments and sample collections were conducted every moth during 2 years from March 2014 and April
2016 in Sagami Bay, Japan. Using the monthly formalin-preserved samples, we measured prosome length (PL) of
each adult female and frequencies of GS4, i.e., matured gonad stage, females (GS4%) in each sample. Monthly
averages of in situ EPR, GS4% and PL varied from 0 to 44.9 egg female-1 day-1, 0 to 75.9% and 1.95 to 2.44 mm,
respectively. From a step-wise multiple regression analysis, our EPR prediction model for C. sinicus was proposed
as follows;
EPR = 0.43 + 24.12GS4% − 1.53T + 19.34PL, R2 = 0.46, (T = Ave. water temperature).
Our result suggests that the model would be useful to restore past secondary production of C. sinicus frompreserved long-term monitoring samples collected around the East Asia areas. (230 words)
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W6-P3 (13468)

Diel rhythm of egg spawning of the planktonic copepod Calanus sinicus in Sagami Bay,Japan
Yuji Yoshinaga1, Tomohiko Kikuchi1, Tatsuki Toda2 and Shinji Shimode1
1

2

Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Kanagawa, Japan.
E-mail: yoshinaga-yuji-jc@ynu.jp
Graduate School of Engineering, Soka University, Tokyo, Japan

Calanus sinicus and other congeneric species are dominant zooplankton in mid and high latitude oceans around theworld. Several authors reported that these Calanus species spawned their eggs during nighttime. In the Seto InlandSea, C. sinicus is known to spawn mainly from 2200 to 0600. However, in Sagami Bay, our recent preliminary
study raised possibility that C. sinicus spawns eggs during both day and night. To investigate the possibility,
this study examined seasonal changes in egg production rates (EPR) and egg spawning rhythms of C. sinicus.
Sample collections for EPR experiments were conducted from April 2017 and February 2018 in Sagami Bay.
After starting each 24-hrs EPR experiment in the afternoon, we counted and transferred spawned eggs at 1800,
0600 and the end of each experiment. The mean of EPR during the study period was 20.65 egg/female/day, which
varied from 41.26 (April, 2017) to 1.00 egg/female/day (February, 2018). The mean of clutch (no. of eggs in each
spawning event) was 20.91 egg/female and the highest and lowest values were 63 and 1 egg/female, respectively.
The mean values of EPR in day or night were 10.38 and 10.24 egg/female/12-hrs, respectively. Twenty inds. of thefemales spawned only in day and 36 inds. spawned only in night. Forty-three inds of the females spawned both in
day and night. Among the sampling moths, a significant difference of EPR between day and night was only foundin August 2018. Our result suggests that C. sinicus might not have a diel rhythm of egg spawning.

W6-P4 (13782)

Individual growth rate (IGR) measurements negatively correlate with aminoacyl-tRNA
synthetases (AARS) activity in North Pacific krill, Euphausia pacifica
Anna K. McLaskey and Julie E. Keister
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: jkeister@uw.edu

Zooplankton growth is an important parameter, e.g., in determining secondary production and ecosystem
functioning, but is extremely difficult to estimate in situ.
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARS) are enzymes that catalyse the first step of protein synthesis, and an AARS
activity assay has been developed to estimate zooplankton growth rate quickly and easily. In this study weestimated growth rate of adult female North Pacific krill, Euphausia pacifica, collected in Puget Sound, WA, using
individual growth rate (IGR) experiments and AARS activity assays on the same individuals. In this application,
growth rate estimated with IGR showed the expected negative relationship with body size (smaller adults grewfaster than larger adults when normalized to size), while growth rate estimated with AARS activity showed apositive relationship with body size, leading to a negative correlation between the two measures of growth. Other
studies have found a correlation between AARS activity and growth rate, but often relied on experimentallymanipulating growth rate through large changes in temperature or diet. This is the first time the AARS method has
been used to determine in situ growth rates of individual zooplankton to our knowledge. In light of our results, we
encourage discussion of the biochemistry underlying the AARS activity assay, the relative errors and time scalesof the different metrics, and suggest the AARS assay should be used with caution for this application.

237

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W8: Taking Stock of Marine Ecosystem Services in the North Pacific—
exploring examples and examining methods
W8-P1 (13277)

An index to assess the health and benefits of the global ocean
Jie Chen, Yan Jinghui
South China Sea Institute of Planning and Evironmental Reasearch, State Oceanic Administration, 353 Xingang Middle Rd., Haizhu
Distinct, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: carrie_ocean@sohu.com

The ocean plays a critical role in supporting human well-being, from providing food, livelihoods and recreational
opportunities to regulating the global climate. Sustainable management aimed at maintaining the flow of a broad
range of benefits from the ocean requires a comprehensive and quantitative method to measure and monitor
the health of coupled human–ocean systems. The Ocean Health Index, which is used to comprising ten diverse
public goals for a healthy coupled human–ocean system and calculated the index for China. The index provides
a powerful tool to raise public awareness, direct resource management, improve policy and prioritize scientificresearch.

W8-P2 (13593)

Economic value of ecosystem services and utility of coastal fisheries in Indramayu,
Indonesia
Takaaki Mori1, Ayumi Kanaya1, Naoki Tojo2, Mitsutaku Makino3, Mark Wells4, Vladimir Kulik5, Joon-Soo Lee6,
Shion Takemura3, Charles Trick7, Chang-an Xu8, Suhendar Sachoemar9
1

2
3

4
5
6

7
8
9

School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Japan 041-8611
E-mail: takamori55@eis.hokudai.ac.jp
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1, Minato Cho, Hakodate, Japan 041-8611
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku,
Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan 236-8648
School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, 5741 Libby Hall, Orono, ME, U.S.A. 04469
TINRO-Center, 4 Shevchenko Alley, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray, Russia 690091
Korea Oceanographic Data Center, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, 216 Gijanghaean-ro,
Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, Korea, R 46083
Department of Biology, Western University, Room 402, North Campus Bldg., 1151 Richmond St. N., London, ON, Canada N6A 5B7
Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, 178, Daxue Road, Siming District, Xiamen, Fujian, China, 361005
Professor of Coastal Oceanography and Marine Science, Director of Center for Development, Education and Training, Agency for The
Assessment and Application of Technology (BPPT), BPPT II Bld, 6 Fl, JL. M.H.Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta 10340, INDONESIA

Ecosystem provide benefit to people as a variety of services. Services from coastal aquatic systems, such as lagoon
and estuaries, associated to coastal forests is essential for coastal fishers’ livelihoods. Especially, the contributions
from coastal mangrove forest cannot be negligible for coastal fishing and fisheries communities in tropical andsubtropical coast of the Pacific Rim. We aim to quantify services from coastal aquatic ecosystem to smallscale fishing community, especially with mangrove and coastal aquatic vegetations. The selected model area,
a local village in the western Indramayu, Indonesia is under influence of the coastal environmental changes andindustrialization in recent years, and fishers concern sustainability of their fishing and households. Younger fishers
prefer to continuously have benefits that they have received from the environment around lagoon, but they are
not sure to be satisfied from the changing environment and lives with fishing in the recent urbanization. In the
FishGIS project, we involved local fishers to examine the environment with fisheries then have made efforts tofind sustainable future alternatives based on the scientific knowledges from the North Pacific and the economic
utility of local fishers. The present and future ecosystem services to the community should be quantified withfishers, and sustainable alternatives should be explored with their satisfactions. We also compare among the
economic utility before the project activities, the economic utility after the project activities and the utility in
expected future alternatives.

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General Poster Session
GP-P1 (13337) CANCELLED

Temperature mediated effect on productivity-diversity relationship in marine pelagic
ecosystems: a modeling study
Soonmi Lee, José M. Montoya and Michel Loreau
Theoretical and Experimental Ecology Station, CNRS and Paul Sabatier University, Moulis, France. E-mail: soonmi.lee@sete.cnrs.fr

The global diversity crisis driven by climate change has generated great concerns about the influence of diversity
on ecosystem functioning and has motivated to explore the relationships between diversity and productivity inmarine pelagic ecosystems. Generally, on a global scale, productivity-diversity relationship (PDR) of plankton
has been suggested to be unimodal. However, empirical studies have identified various PDR patterns on a local
scale and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To overcome the scarcity of observation data and to address
the local PDR patterns, we use a size-structured global ecosystem model including a multi-trophic plankton
community and temperature traits. The results show that local temperature fluctuation differently affects the
biological rates of different trophic levels and modulates the ecological interactions. These temperature-mediatedchanges in interaction strength and abundances of interacting species lead to changes in the magnitude of local
top-down control and the local community composition, eventually resulting in various PDRs (e.g. the peak
diversity shifts from low to intermediate to high productivity depending on whether the magnitude of top-down
control is low, intermediate or high). These results reconcile empirical findings and support the expectation of
spatial heterogeneity in the response of biotic interactions to global warming.

GP-P2 (13340)

Age determination and growth estimation of the white-spotted conger eel, Conger
myriaster (Brevoort, 1856) in marine waters of South Korea
J. H. Bae1, M. U. Lee2, P. G. Jung1, J. H. Na2 and C. W. Oh1,2
1
2

Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, (48513) 45, Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan. E-mail: ohcw@pknu.ac.kr
Interdisciplinary program of Biomedical Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Pukyong National University, (48513) 45, Yongso-ro,
Nam-gu, Busan. E-mail: oh10won@naver.com

The present study is to provide the age and growth of the white-spotted conger eel, Conger myriaster in theSouthern sea of Korea. This study investigated about age, growth and reproductive traits of the white-spottedconger eel. Samples were collected by trap, shrimp trawl and bottom trawl from April 2009 to November 2011 inGeoje Island.
Age validation is observed by UV light and the relative growth is estimated based on the total length, weight
and otolith readings. The age structure is estimated by defining the relationship between otoliths measurements
and age. The age of 212 otoliths ranged from 1 to 13 years. The age composition of congers in coastal waterof Geoje Island is dominant from 1 to 3 years old while that in offshore of southern sea ranged from 3 to 13
years old. Conger eel showed a wide variation of total length in the same age composition. The parameters of
von Bertalanffy growth function were estimated from three-methods by non-linear regression: back-calculation
method, mean total length at age and otolith weight at age. The results of adjusted coefficient of determination
nearly matched with estimated values for the three methods (r2>0.97). The best fitted result was estimated asfollowing VBGF parameters; L∞=127.95 cm, K=0.102, t0=-0.922.
Maximum oocyte diameter ranged from 50 to 430 µm. Reproductive traits of ovaries showed positive relationshipbetween GSI and MOD in the regression of power function. It is suggested that oogenesis begins to develop from
4 years old at 45 cm TL.

239

PICES-2018

GP-P3 (13352) CANCELLED

Modelling Environmental Impacts And Adaptation On Sustainable Climate And Marine
Ecosystems In The North-Atlantic CoastSamuel O. Akande1, A.A. Osinowo2, 3 , E.O. Eresanya
12

3

Department of Meteorology and Climate Sciences Centre for Space Research and Applications (CESRA), Federal University ofTechnology, Akure, Nigeria. E-mail: soakande84@gmail.com
Department of Marine Science and Technology, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences Federal University of Technology, Akure,
Nigeria
Department of Meteorology and Climate Sciences, School of Earth and Mineral Sciences Federal University of Technology, Akure,
Nigeria

The global climate change influence marine animals through the ocean warming, acidification and oxygenation.
This has affected the socioeconomic aspect of acquaculture through changes in seawater chemistry, sedimenttransport, decrease in seawater pH (acidification) etc. The study was conducted in the Gulf of Guinea region of
the North Atlantic which stretches from the Senegal in the West to Gabon to the South-Eastern part of Africa.
It is home to a large number people and economic activities with over fifty (50) million African population.
In order to ensure the preservation of preserving natural resources and marine ecological features, a modified
methodological approached was developed to evaluate risk of marine ecosystem. The ASTER, MODIS andLANDSAT satellite images were acquired to extract emissivity and temperature and spatial modelling, that arein combination with historical estuary evolution and field observation was applied for effective management
and conservation the ecosystem features of the area. It was then observed that the climate change impacts on
aquaculture is highly predominant in tropical and subtropical climatic regions of the world, thus there is need toassess the implications of future scenarios in terms of climate change and research development in the areas of
aquaculture. The recommendations from this research thus improve strategies and policy measures needed to fightthe observable and projected climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture, so as to protect the livelihoodsof the fishing communities and food security. Finally, Integrating the needs of fish famers and acquaculturists into
adaptation planning is very essential.
Keywords : Influence, Climate, Population, Ecosystem

GP-P4 (13358)

The environmental analysis for sustainable seaweed aquaculture management in Ariake
Sea, Japan
Sangyeob Kim and Naoki Fujii
Saga University, Saga, Japan. E-mail: ss7252@cc.saga-u.ac.jp

The Ariake Sea is a semi-enclosed bay which has a length of 96 km, an average width of 18 km, a catchment areaof about 1700 km2 in the western part of Japan. The Ariake Sea is most important places in seaweed aquaculture
and the over 50 percent of the total seaweeds yield in Japan. Thus, healthy and sustainable seaweed aquaculture
production is most important. However, decline in production of seaweed has frequently occurred due todiscoloration damage. And the discoloration damage is caused by effect of several reason; variation of watertemperature or the duration of sunshine, decreasing of the amount of nutrient salts, influence of seawater fromthe open sea and occurring red tide and so on. Although a lot of observation data is being made in Ariake sea,
the reason of seaweed discoloration has not yet been explained clearly. Because it has a difficult finding cause of
discoloration since there are many parameters to consider when choosing for analysis. In spite of that Artificial
Intelligence (AI) is excellent in analysis using the big data, such researches in coastal area are few. Therefore, forestablishing sustainable seaweed aquaculture management, we examined the effect of using AI as new analysis
approach.

240

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GP-P5 (13366)

Fishery biology of whitespotted conger Conger myriaster in the Yellow and East China
Seas
Xiuxia Mu, Chi Zhang, Ying Xue, Chongliang Zhang, Binduo Xu, Yiping Ren
NO.5, Road Yushan, Shandong, 264000, China, PR. E-mail: 907439453@qq.com

The biological characteristics of whitespotted conger Conger myriaster were studied on the basis of samples
collected from October 2016 to April 2017 in the Yellow and East China Seas. A total of 554 specimens werecollected with ages ranging from 1+ to 6+ years. The individuals of 1+ to 2+ years old distributed in the coastal
water of China Sea, and the elders preferred deeper waters. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation L∞
and K were 947.60 mm and 0.249 yr-1, respectively. The sex ratio of the samples was 96:3 (female: male) in thewhole survey area, 88:0 in the East China Sea and 8:3 in the central Yellow Sea. The development of ovary ranged
from peri-nucleolus stage to secondary yolk globule stage, and the testis of two males was at mid-meiotic stage.
The gonads somatic index (GSI) increased with gonads development stage, wherein the fish begin migrating fromcoastal water towards southern and deeper waters. Crustacean was the major prey for conger of small length, andfood source shift to fish with body growth. The ontogenetic diet shift of C. myriaster might be attributed to thenutritional demand of gonads development.
Key words: Conger myrisater, age and growth, gonad development, stomach contents

GP-P6 (13392)

Results of a long-term monitoring of the hatchery marked juvenile pacific salmon
identification during autumn migrations in the basin of the Sea of Okhotsk
Alexandra I. Chistyakova1, Alexandr V. Bugaev1, and Shigehiko Urawa2
1

2

Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography, 683000 Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Naberedzhnaya, 18, Russia.
E-mail: sasha34_72@mail.ru
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency 2-2Nakanoshima, Toyohira-ku,
Sapporo 062-0922, JapanThe basis data pool for the analysis consisted otolith samples of juvenile pink and chum salmon, collected in
2011–2017 during autumn complex trawl surveys in the Sea of Okhotsk. The paper demonstrates results of along-term monitoring of the hatchery marked juvenile Pacific salmon identified. Data analysis and generalizationof the patterns of distribution and migration of hatchery juvenile pink and chum salmon in the Sea of Okhotsk inautumn was provided.

GP-P7 (13394)

Assessment of reproductive development in female Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Josep V. Planas, Claude L. Dykstra, Tracee Geernaert and Timothy Loher
International Pacific Halibut Commission, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: josep@iphc.int

Current maturity estimates in female Pacific halibut are derived from macroscopic visual criteria of the ovaries
collected in the field. In order to improve maturity estimates and to provide updated estimates of maturity-at-age,
the International Pacific Halibut Commission (IPHC) is conducting studies destined to improve our knowledge
on reproductive development in female Pacific halibut. In an initial study, Pacific halibut females from threegeographical locations throughout the distribution range of the species were collected during the summer, or nonspawning season, and during the winter, or spawning season. Histological examination of ovaries of winter- andsummer-caught females evidenced differences in oocyte size distribution and predominant oocyte stages thatappeared to be relatively consistent with females sexually maturing in the winter and with females undergoingvitellogenesis in the summer, as a prerequisite for spawning in the winter. Current studies are devoted to describe
the entire annual reproductive cycle of the species and to study in detail morphological, histological, endocrineand functional changes in both female and male gonads. These studies will lead to a better understanding of
the temporal and spatial progression of sexual maturation in Pacific halibut females, and to a better estimate of
maturity for stock assessment purposes.
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GP-P8 (13395)

Identification of molecular growth signatures in skeletal muscle of juvenile Pacific halibut(Hippoglossus stenolepis) for monitoring growth patterns in the Pacific halibut population
Josep V. Planas1 and Thomas P. Hurst2
1
2

International Pacific Halibut Commission, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: josep@iphc.int
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NOAA, Newport, OR, USA

The International Pacific Halibut Commission has reported changes in the size-at-age (SAA) of Pacific halibut(Hippoglossus stenolepis) caught in the commercial fishery as well as in its own survey research for almost 100
years. However, our understanding of the potential causes for the long-term variability in SAA is still rather
scarce. Although a number of factors could be contributing to this variability, recent analyses have suggested
that temperature variation may have been a contributing factor to the observed changes in SAA in the Pacifichalibut. Therefore, there is an urgent need to better understand the physiological effects of temperature on growthin this species. In order to address this issue, we have conducted studies investigating the transcriptomic effects
of temperature on white skeletal muscle in juvenile Pacific halibut acclimated for 8 weeks to 2°C and 9°C.
Acclimation at 2°C resulted in a significant reduction in the specific growth rate (SGR) of juvenile Pacific halibut
when compared to fish acclimated at 9°C. At the end of this acclimation period, fish previously acclimated at 2°C
were gradually brought up to 9°C and held at 9°C for 6 additional weeks. This resulted in a significant increasein SGR when compared to fish that were constantly held at 9°C. The transcriptomic responses of white skeletal
muscle from fish experiencing temperature-induced growth suppression and growth compensation were analyzed
by RNA sequencing (Illumina). The resulting molecular signatures of temperature-regulated growth will be useful
to investigate potential changes in growth patterns in Pacific halibut.

GP-P9 (13396)

Electronically monitoring release method as a proxy for Pacific halibut discard mortality
rates in the directed Pacific halibut longline fishery
Claude L. Dykstra, Timothy Loher, Ian J. Stewart, Allan C. Hicks and Josep V. PlanasInternational Pacific Halibut Commission, Seattle, WA, USA. E-mail: josep@iphc.int

Due to regulatory requirements, all Pacific halibut that are of sublegal size in the directed fishery cannot beretained and must be returned to the sea with minimal injury. Through the process of capture and release, Pacifichalibut incur a range of injuries and are subjected to a variety of factors that will affect their survival potential
after release. Accurate understanding of the types and relative levels of injuries and stresses that Pacific halibut are
exposed to during the discarding process in relation to the biological characteristics of the fish can be instrumental
in helping better estimate the probability of mortality resulting from the discarding process. Discard mortality
rates (DMRs; a measurement of potential mortality) in the Pacific halibut longline fishery are currently estimatedfrom injury or vitality data obtained on observed trips. The small vessel (<57’) longline fleet in Alaska is currently
developing electronic monitoring (EM) capabilities, but determining vitality codes requires handling of theanimal, something that cannot be achieved with cameras. EM provides information on hook release techniques
for close to 95% of events, however the suite of injuries incurred by each hook release technique is unknown.
We have conducted a field study to begin developing an injury profile for different hook release techniques withassociated physiological condition measures, which could then be used to calculate DMRs on vessels carrying
EM systems rather than observers. The results of this study will be used to further refine the estimation of DMRs
by each hook release category.

242

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GP-P10 (13397)

Effects of biocides of antifouling paints and by-products from vessels on embryos of a sea
urchin, Strongylocentrotus nudus
Jin-Young Seo, Jeong-Hyeon Kim, Jin-Woo Choi
South Sea Environment Research Center, KIOST, Geoje, Korea. E-mail: jyseo@kiost.ac.kr

In this study, we aimed to assess the toxicity of biocides included in antifouling paints and by-products fromvessels on embryos of a sea urchin, Strongyrocentrotus nudus. In this study evaluated toxicity on the 3 kinds of
biocide (Sea-nine 211, Diuron, Irgarol 1051), wastes from a water jet cleaning from the R/V Eardo of KIOST
and the waste extractions with MeOH. The fertilization rate of embryos exposed on biocides such as Diuron and
Irgarol was more than 96% at the concentration of 1000 µg/L, but that exposed on the Sea-nine was less than
15% at the exposure concentration of 10 µg/L. The EC50 values of Diuron, Irgarol, and Sea-nine were 10.8 mg/L,
4.5 mg/L, and 8.1 µg/L, respectively. The fertilization rate of water jet was 79±5.8% at 0.001% solution, and thefertilization rate in 0.1% and 0.01% solutions were 0.4±0.6% and 0.2±0.5%, respectively, statistically different
from the control. The water jet sample had a low fertilization rate of less than 50% even at 800-fold diluted
solution with sea water (0.00125%). The extracts with MeOH showed 0% at all concentrations of 10%, 100%, and
1,000-fold dilutions and at 100,000-fold diluted solution, the fertilization rate reached at 90%. In the case of larval
development test, normal hatching of over 80% was observed at the concentration of up to 1,000 μg/L of Diuron
and Irgarol whereas normal pluteus larvae did not hatch at exposure concentrations of 100 μg/L of Sea-nine. The
expected EC50 values for Sea-nine, Diuron, and Irgarol were 31.6 μg/L, 3.04 mg/L, and 2.35 mg/L, respectively.
No normal pluteus larvae were hatched when exposed on the MeOH extract and the 1,000-fold dilution of thewater jet samples. From this study, Sea-nine was the most toxic among three biocides but the antifouling paintdeployed on the R/V Eardo of KIOST was also very toxic to the sea urchin embryos.

GP-P11 (13403)

The influence of moisture content on cloud growth when Tropical Cyclones occur in themaritime continent of Indonesia
Wishnu A. Swastiko, Yesi Ratnasari
State College of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics, Jakarta, Indonesia. Email: yesiratnasari14@gmail.com

Indonesia, which is located in the equator, literally can’t be crossed by Tropical Cyclones. This is due to the physicalcharacteristics of Tropical Cyclones that always move away from the equator because of the influence of Coriolis
force. However, by the end of 2017 and early 2018 there were anomalous occurrence of Tropical Cyclones suchas Cempaka, Dahlia, and Flamboyan which grown at the same time in the territory of Indonesia. This encourages
the authors to conduct the research which related to the occurrence of Tropical Cyclones, especially the moisturetransport. Moisture transport has an important role in determining where the clouds form.
This research using data of ECMWF model and HMW-8 satellite IR imagery. The analysis includes the distribution
and transport of surface water vapor, surface wind analysis, and distribution and cloud type analysis. The result
can be concluded that the moisture content gives the impact for the growth of clouds (> 1000 kg/ms-1). The
movement and distribution of water vapor, clouds, and winds have the same pattern of moving toward to cyclonicvortex of Tropical Cyclones. The clouds is dominated by convective with top temperatures reached -70 ° C. The
wind conditions showed very high speeds was up to 46 knots.
Key words: Tropical Cyclones, moisture transport, wind, cloud243

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GP-P12 (13413)

Integrated Assessment of Island Ecosystem in China
Zhiyuan Ma, Bin Chen, Hao Huang, Weiwei Yu
Marine biology and ecology laboratory, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, No.178 Daxue Road, Fujian,
361000, China, PR. E-mail: mazhiyuan@tio.org.cn

A systematic assessment of island ecosystems in China has not been reported, and the knowledge on the Chinese
islands is limited. In this study, we established an integrated island ecosystem assessment method with 34
indicators of 11 aspects, based on ecosystem characteristics, which was applied to assess the status of Chinese
islands at a national scale, using 44 typical islands, based on the data from the project of Chinese offshore
investigation and assessment (908 special project). The environmental quality index (Ienv) ranged from 60.70 to
94.80. The main polluting chemical factors in the seawater surrounding the islands were inorganic nitrogen (DIN)
and active phosphate (PO4-P), whereas those polluting the intertidal organisms were Pb and Zn. The average valueof the biological status index (Ibio) was 65.86. Main determining factors were vegetation coverage and marine
biodiversity in the intertidal and subtidal zones. The average value of the landscape ecological status index (Iland)
was 72.36. Anthropogenic exploitation affected the inhabited islands, and natural landscapes in large areas weretransformed into artificial. The comprehensive index of island ecosystem status (CI (T)) varied (52.33 - 89.53),
and the overall status was “good”. The anthropogenic disturbance intensity was among the key impact factors.
The large islands close to the mainland had a worsened status due to the longer and more intensive exploitation,
unlike the smaller and located farther.

GP-P13 (13414)

Assessing the vulnerability on fishes in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea
Yunlong Chen, Xiujuan Shan, Xianshi Jin and Fangqun Dai
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China. E-mail: jin@ysfri.ac.cn

The Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea is an important fishing area in China and plays vital role in supporting fish
immigrations such as spawning, feeding and overwintering. Using data from bottom trawls during 2014-2015, we
assess the vulnerability on fishes in the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea. Here, we identified 31 species that contributed
over 95 % of the total relative resources density among which 9 were pelagic and 22 were demersal. For eachspecies, the sensitivity, adaptive capacity and vulnerability were calculated respectively using the methods offuzzy logic expert system. Four levels were divided regarding vulnerability including low, moderate, high andvery high. Among the 31 species, Lophius litulon (Jordan 1902) and Muraenesox cinereus (Forsskål, 1775) were
found to have the vulnerability of very high while Engraulis japonicas Temminck & Schlegel 1846 and Erisphex
pottii (Steindachner 1896) had the low level. The average index of vulnerability for demersal species was 42,
which was higher than that (30) for pelagic species.In subsequent study, factors such as climate change and fishingpressure will be taken into consideration in the future assessment to help us obtain a better understanding of thepotential effects that climate change and human activities have on fishery resources.

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GP-P14 (13420)

Ocean deoxygenation enhances the efficiency of CO2 concentrating mechanisms in a
diatom with stimulated photosynthetic performances
Jiazhen Sun1, John Beardall1,2, Ruiping Huang1, Tifeng Wang1, Di Zhang1, Kunshan Gao1,31

23State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science & College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005,
China;
School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia;
Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,
Qingdao 266071, China. E-mail: ksgao@xmu.edu.cn

Oxygen is essential to respiration of most marine organisms. However, the oxygen content of seawater has been
being declining both in open oceans as well as in coastal waters, known as deoxygenation, during past decades asa consequence of global warming and coastal eutrophication. As a result, the oxygen minimum zone is expanding.
Deoxygenation is likely to have severe effects on most marine organisms, but it is still unknown how O2-evolving
primary producers will respond to such climate forcing. Here, we show that the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogi
grows faster, respires less and evolves more O2, with its CO2 concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) significantly upregulated, under experimental deoxygenation conditions. Such stimulation of CCMs are associated with inhibitionof photorespiration, a consequence of Rubisco-catalyzed carboxylation and oxygenation shifting to favor CO2
fixation, that in turn enhances photosynthesis and net O2 production. Our results imply that marine primary
producers can benefit from ocean deoxygenation, therefore playing a counteractive role against it.

GP-P15 (13429) CANCELLED

Coastal fishing of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) and its prospects of developmentin the Asian part of the areal
Roman Novikov
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (KamchatNIRO), Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Russia.
E-mail: novikov.r.n@kamniro.ru

In the far East of Russia, from the beginning of 90-s of the last century, there were repeated attempts of theorganization of specialized coastal fishing for pacific cod, atka mackerel and Pacific halibut. In each of the regions
the definite methods of coastal fishing of characteristic and most accessible species of hydrobionts often any one
species were developed. For example, it`s longline and net fishing of atka mackerel in Avacha Gulf of the coastof Kamchatka or longline fishing of Pacific halibut in the Karaginsky Gulf (Western part of the Bering sea) andPritauysky region (Eastern part of the Okhotsk sea).
The attempts to organize fishing of Pacific halibut in the coast of the Kamchatka, the Magadan region, theKuril Islands and Chukotka were made with different intensity in the researched period, and they are currently
continuing. Inspite of the high performance in some local areas and in a certain season (summer and autumn),
specialized coastal fishing of Pacific halibut has not acquired the character of stable fishing. Such fishing of thecoast of Kamchatka and in the other nearby regions is implemented episodically, and the main part of Pacifichalibut in the coastal waters of Kamchatka is caught now, as before (since the 20s of the last century), in the formof bycatch of the fishery of walleye pollock, pacific cod, flatfish from small and medium vessels.

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GP-P16 (13460)

Community organization of macrobenthic sessile organisms responding to the submerging
time of artificial panels in the embayment of the East China Sea, South Korea
Jeong-Hyeon Kim, Jin-Young Seo and Jin-Woo Choi
South Sea Environment Research Center, KIOST, Geoje, Korea. E-mail: kimjh88@kiost.ac.kr

This study was conducted to compare the variation of dominant species and community structure of sessileorganisms on the two types of vacant artificial panels submerged in different seasons. The artificial panels were
submerged at seasonal intervals from April, 2011 to January, 2012 and maintained for 6 months at the KIOST
research pier in Jangmok Bay, Geoje Island, South Korea. The two types of artificial panels, rough surface tile (20cm x 20 cm) and smooth surface PVC panel (20 cm x 15 cm), were used and submerged at depths of 0.5 m and
4 m. The highest species number was observed in mollusks at all panels submerged in spring and summer while
the species richness of ascidians was highest in autumn and winter. The highest density of mollusks was observedin all seasons at the surface layer, whereas barnacles were abundant at panels submerged in July regardless ofthe substrates. In the bottom layer, the highest density of mollusks was observed only in spring, but barnacles
showed the highest density in summer and ascidians in autumn and winter at all panels. The highest proportion of
biomass was contributed by mollusks in spring, but it was changed by barnacles and ascidians occurred in summer
and autumn and winter, respectively regardless of substrate and depth. From the results of both the non-metricmultidimensional scaling ordination and the cluster analysis, the similarity of faunal composition based on thebiomass data was high regardless of substrate and depth, but the difference in the faunal composition appeared atsummer pvc panels and at autumn tile panels. Mytilus galloprovincialis and Amphibalanus amphitrite appearedas the most dominant species on the surface layer tiles. However, ascidiaceans appeared only on the panels at
the bottom layer due to the negative phototaxis of their larvae. The dominant species showed a slight difference
according to depth, regardless of substrate. At the surface layer, Mytilus galloprovincialis was recruited in spring
and remained as dominant species with the high population biomass while both Ciona intestinalis recruited inautumn and Ascidiellela scabra recruited in winter remained as dominant species at the bottom layer. From theresult of this study, the species composition of the sessile organisms or the organization processes of benthic
communities on hard bottoms were more influenced by their biological life history and the water depth andsubmerging time of vacant habitat supply rather than substrate types.

GP-P17 (13464)

Behavior of Microplastics in Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, and Sludge Treatment
Processes in Wastewater Treatment Plants in Japan
Masaki Kakita1, Shuhei Tanaka1, Yuji Suzuki2, Satoru Yukioka1, Yoshiki Nabetani1, Taishi Ushijima1, Shigeo
Fujii1 and Hideshige Takada3
1
2
3

Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. E-mail: t-shuhei@eden.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Public Works Research Institute, Ibaraki, JapanTokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan

In recent years, pollution of microplastics (MPs) in water environment has been pointed out. MPs are small
plastics which particles size are less than 5 mm. A part of MPs is considered to be contained in wastewater andflowed into the wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, the information about existence and behaviorof MPs in WWTP is limited. Main objective of this study is to understand occurrence and behavior of MPs whichdiameters are more than 100 μm in each treatment process of WWTPs in Japan. Field surveys were carried out
in WWTPs (n = 4) from Nov. 14, 2017 to Feb. 15, 2018. Water samples (n = 27), sludge samples (n = 9) andscum samples (n = 6) were collected by sweep pump, steel bucket and dipper. Organic matter decomposition andspecific gravity separation were conducted for the samples as pretreatment. After that, MPs were detected byusing microscope and fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Microbeads and fragments are detectedfrom samples. And the load of MPs in each treatment process was calculated with flow rate and detected number.
As a result, it was estimated that 120 million MPs flowed in day and 0.4 million MPs were discharged to water
environment. The removal rate from influent to effluent was 99.64%. In addition, it was suggested that MPs were
removed in the sedimentations and circulated through the bioreaction tank via returned sludge.
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GP-P18 (13466)

Morphology and phylogeny of bloom-forming Takayama sp. associated with the recent
fish kill events in the Philippines
Garry Benico1, Kazuya Takahashi3, Rhodora Azanza2 and Mitsunori Iwataki3
1

2
3

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan.
E-mail: garrybenico@anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman Campus, Quezon City Philippines, 1101
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, the University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, 113-8657 Tokyo, Japan

A series of devastating fish kill events were documented in fish farming sites of Bolinao (May 2016 and 2018) and
Bulacan (May 2018) in Philippines. Cells of Takayama sp. isolated from the bloom in Bolinao (May 2017) wereobserved using light microscope, SEM and TEM, and the phylogenetic position was inferred from sequences of
LSU rDNA and ITS region. Cells measured 12.0–18.8 µm in length and 9.5–17.6 µm in width, and having thesigmoid apical structure complex, a large spherical pyrenoid located in the hyposome, and a finger-like small sulcal
intrusion in the episome. It has a large chloroplast connecting the spherical pyrenoid and 14–22 small chloroplasts.
Nucleus was usually located in the episome and the shape was rather variable; elliptical laterally elongated,
C-shaped along the dorsal side, and sometimes developed an extension into left in the hyposome. TEM showed
the chloroplast was bounded by two membranes and all small chloroplast lacked pyrenoid. Phylogenetic trees
showed the Bolinao strains were related to T. xiamenensis from China, T. acrotrocha from Italy and Singapore,
and T. cf. pulchella from New Zealand. The Bolinao strain was different from T. acrotrocha and T. pulchella,
which have an embedded pyrenoid in each small chloroplast and lack the large spherical pyrenoid. It also differedfrom T. xiamenensis, which is large (20.0–27.0 µm in length), having the large numbers of chloroplasts (30–40)
and several large pyrenoids.

GP-P19 (13481)

Statistical modeling for exploring diel vertical distribution and spatial correlations ofmarine fish species — A new perspective to look at species interactions
Lisha Guan1,2, Xiujuan Shan1,2, Wu Qiang1,2, Xianshi Jin1,2
1

2

Key Laboratory of Sustainable Development of Marine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory ofFishery Resources and Ecological Environment, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,
Qingdao 266071, China. E-mail: guanls@ysfri.ac.cn
Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Scienceand Technology, Qingdao 266237, China

A prerequisite for ecosystem-based fisheries management is to understand the processes of environmental controls
and species interactions that determine which species could occur together. Most multi-species ecological models
for studying these issues are often non-spatially-explicit or ignore that species interactions could vary in verticalspace and daily timing. In this study, geostatistical delta-generalized linear mixed models were used to quantify dielvariations in the encounter probability (p) and positive catch rates (λ) of nine dominant fish or shrimp species byfisheries-independent bottom trawl surveys in the Yellow Sea and predict the expected density distribution of eachspecies at coarse scale by year during the falls of 2006 to 2017. We then calculated between-species correlationsin species distribution with the estimated densities for the nine species. Results showed these species exhibited
three different patterns of diel variation in p or λ, indicating they possibly alternatively utilize the water column
swept by the survey bottom trawl at different times of a day. Moreover, two major fishery-targeted species (i.e.,
small yellow croaker and largehead hairtail) with continuously high productions demonstrated generally weak or
negative spatial correlations with other species, especially yellow goosefish and Tanaka’s snailfish. Furthermore,pointhead flounder, yellow goosefish and Tanaka’s snailfish at relatively high trophic levels had generally strong
positive spatial correlations with each other and sand shrimp. These three species either differ in major prey orappeared active in the bottom water column at different daily timing. Conclusively, this study provides with a newperspective to look into species interactions.

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GP-P20 (13489)

Unarmored dinoflagellate Kapelodinium sp. with chloroplast derived from haptophyte
Chrysochromulina sp.
Kazuya Takahashi and Mitsunori Iwataki
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: ktakahashi@anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

In an unarmored dinoflagellate Kapelodinium, only a heterotrophic species K. vestifici, which had commonly
been reported as Katodinium glaucum, was assigned to this genus previously. In the present study, a culture strainof photosynthetic Kapelodinium sp. was established from Japan, and was observed under light and transmission
electron microscopy (TEM). Pigment profile of the chloroplast was analyzed by HPLC, and host and chloroplast
phylogeny was inferred from nucleus- (SSU, ITS and LSU rDNA) and chloroplast- (SSU rDNA, psaA, psbA,
psbC) encoded genes. Cells of this species were fusiform with the posteriorly located cingulum, and were 15.3–
22.4 µm long and smaller than K. vestifici (16–57 µm long). Chloroplasts were yellow and spherical to ribbon
shaped. Under TEM, chloroplasts included several electron dense pyrenoids embedded in chloroplast matrix
were observed. The pyrenoids were penetrated by a tube-like thylakoid, as seen in haptophyte chloroplasts. No
eukaryotic nucleus of symbiont was observed under TEM. In HPLC, the chloroplasts of this species contained
fucoxanthin and 19’-hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin (19’-Hex) as major accessory pigments, and peridinin, which istypical to photosynthetic dinoflagellates, was not detected. In host dinoflagellate phylogeny, this species was
sister to a heterotrophic species K. vestifici. In chloroplast phylogeny, chloroplast of Kapelodinium sp. wasclustered within Chrysochromulina in haptophytes, and the sister was C. apheles. Both in host and chloroplast
phylogeny, this species was not related to the other dinoflagellate group having haptophyte-derived chloroplast(family Kareniaceae), suggesting acquisition of permanent chloroplast from haptophytes had taken place twice indinoflagellates.

GP-P21 (13496)

Temporal and spatial characteristics of bacterial diversity in the environments of cageand kelp cultural area in Xiangshan Bay, China
Qiufen Li, Yan Zhang and Yuze Mao
Yellow Sea fisheries Research Institute, CAFS, Qingdao, China. E-mail: liqf@ysfri.ac.cn

The microbial diversity and community structure are sensitive to the change of environment, so they are always
used as an index for assessment of restoration effect of ecosystem. In order to investigate the restoration effectof kelp culture to eutrophication in Xiangshan Bay in Zhejiang Provence, China, We collected sediment andwater samples from cage culture, kelp culture and non-culture areas in winter and summer respectively, andthe physical and chemical environmental factors were also detected. The V3-V4 regions of 16S rRNA genes
were amplified and sequenced on illumina Hisiq-2500. The bacterial community structures and the relationships
with other environmental factors were analyzed. The results indicated that the difference of bacterial community
structures between cultural areas were bigger than that of between seasons in the sediment environment. While in
the water environment, the difference was more significant between seasons than that of different cultural areas;
The bacterial alpha-diversity in cage cultural environments was higher than that of kelp cultural and non-culturalenvironments, with the average shannon-wina indexes 6.25, 5.76, 5.83, respectively The C/N ratio and phosphate
were the main factors to influence the distribution of bacteria in sediment and water aquaculture environment.

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GP-P22 (13499)

Assessing the outcomes of stocking hatchery-reared juveniles of Girella punctate in thenortheastern coast of Taiwan
Li-Xiang Li1, Kuo-Wei Lan1
National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung , Taiwan(R.O.C) . E-mail: asddery@outlook.com

Stocking of hatchery-reared juvenile is a common enhancement and recovery strategy across jurisdictions aroundthe coastal of Taiwan, however, its impact remains uncertain. Girella punctate is an important commercial fish
species in the northeastern coast of Taiwan. We investigate the potential effectiveness of stocking system whereapproximately 35000 fry of Girella punctate are released from 2015~2018. The observed catch rate of Girellapunctate were significant increased from 0.36 (kg/boat/day) to 0.76(kg/boat/day, after enhancement) and therecaptured effectiveness by gill net was 8~26 months after releasing. Furthermore, environmental variables andecosystem tropical level characteristics were used to fit predictive models for wild Girella punctate densities using
Partial Least Squares Regression. The results showed the catch rate was significant correlated with sea surface
temperature, sea surface height, and typhoon strike days. The observed catch rates of stocked sites was similar withpredicted before releasing of fish fries and found to be significantly higher than predicted after releasing of fishfries for 8~10 months In particular, the observed catch rates for were found to be higher than predicted 1.57~2.29
time in the second half of 2017 and the first quarter of 2018, and suggesting stocking of Girella punctate has beeneffective in increasing in the studied stocked sites.

GP-P23 (13503) CANCELLED

The state of red tide of China in 2017
Chunjinag Guan
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, 116023. E-mail: cjguan7625@qq.com

Red tide events were observed 68 times in 2017 over an area of 3,679 km2. The highest frequency was 40 times,
with the largest cumulative area of 2189 km2 occurred in the East China Sea. High incidences of red tide mainly
occurred in June. The frequency was the same as that in the previous year, but the cumulative area decreased
3805 km2. Compared with those in the past five years, the frequency increased 13 times, and the cumulative area
decreased 1387 km2. Red tides were caused by a total of 34 species. Among them, Karenia mikimotoi was thefirst dominant species, which caused the outbreak of as many as 12 red tides. Prorocentrum donghaiense was thesecond, which caused 10 red tides. Scrippsiella trochoidea, Phaeocystis globosa, and Mesodinium rubrum caused
six red tides each. Skeletonema costatum, Gonyaulax spinifera, and Noctiluca scintillans caused four red tides
each. Gymnodinium catenatum caused three red tides. Chaetoceros curvisetus, Nitzschia sp., and Ceratium furca
caused two red tides each; Thalassiosira pacifica, Thalassiosira rotula, Azadinium sp., Gonyaulax polygramma,
Gonyaulax verior, Gymnodinium impudicum, and Heterosigma akashiwo caused 1 red tide each.

249

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GP-P24 (13505)

Age and growth of the herbivorous fish, Kyphosus bigibbus, determined by accurate age
determination techniques, for elucidating the effects on algal ecosystem in the Northwest
coast of Kyushu, Japan
Yoshimi Ogino1, Keisuke Furumitsu1, Takanari Kiriyama2 and Atsuko Yamaguchi1
1
2

Nagasaki University, Japan. E-mail: y-atsuko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries, Nagasaki, JapanAge and growth of Kyphosus bigibbus, an herbivorous fish that impacts the algal ecosystem, were examined using
individuals collected from the Northwest coast of Kyushu, Japan. This study is the first worldwide to investigate
the age, growth, and age at maturity of genus Kyphosus. Comparing scales and otoliths revealed that scales are notreliable to determine age, because the periodicity of growth ring formation could not be confirmed. The reading
errors were large, and the age of individuals 6 years and older was underestimated. In contrast, age assessment
using otolith growth rings was possible from carefully prepared sections because reading errors were quite low
and growth rings of otolith were confirmed annuli. Age assessment based on otolith sections showed that the
maximum observed age was 46 years for females and 32 years for males. According to the von Bertalanffy growth
curves, fork lengths were close to the asymptotic length after 15 and 10 years for females and males, respectively.
The age at 50% sexual maturity was calculated as 3.2 years for females and 1.9 years for males and is extremely
short compared to their long lifespan. The early maturation and long lifespan for K. bigibbus enables a protracted
number of years for breeding and increased opportunity to contribute offspring to future generations. Estimationof the birth year of each individual irrespective of the year of collection showed that the proportion of individuals
born after 1999 increased suddenly. This implies that the total number of individuals increased after 1999.

GP-P25 (13507)

Use of empirical orthogonal functions for monitoring coccolithophores in the upper layerof sea water
Georgiy S. Moiseenko
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography (VNIRO), Moscow, Russia. E-mail: georgem@vniro.ru

Empirical orthogonal functions (EOFs), derived from the annual array of remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) spectra,
are used for monitoring coccolithophores blooms in the upper layer of sea water. Coefficients of expansion of theremote sensing reflectance into a series with EOFs as a basis allow for a qualitative and quantitative analysis of
the phenomenon under study. The annual set of MODIS Aqua data was used to calculate EOFs. A comparison withthe results obtained by other methods is given.

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GP-P26 (13523)

Ultrastructure and phylogeny of Chattonella subsalsa and C. marina/ovata/antiquacollected from various countries
Wai Mun Lum1, Kazuya Takahashi2, Garry Benico1, Hong Chang Lim3, Po Teen Lim4, Chui Pin Leaw4, Rhodora
Azanza5, Elsa Furio6, Sandric Chee Yew Leong7, Thaithaworn Lirdwitayaprasit8, Hikmah Thoha9 and Mitsunori
Iwataki2
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. E-mail: lumwaimun@anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Department of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College, Johor, Malaysia
Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
The Marine Science Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines
National Fisheries Research and Development Institute, Quezon City, Philippines
Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Department of Marine Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Jakarta, Indonesia

Seventeen clonal cultures of harmful raphidophyte Chattonella spp. were established from Japan, Indonesia,
Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand during 2010–2018. Cells were observed under light microscope
and transmission electron microscope, and LSU rDNA and ITS sequences were determined. Although cell size
range varies in some strains, cell shape of all strains are common; i.e., ellipsoidal or teardrop-shaped with theposterior tail, two heterodynamic flagella located anteriorly, many brown chloroplasts with a pyrenoid facing
inward, and two different sizes granules covering the cell surface. Number of the larger granule was various, andnot found in some cultures. Cell ultrastructure under TEM were different in thylakoid number penetrating into
the pyrenoid matrix; three appressed thylakoids were found in Indonesian, Japanese and Malaysian strains, while
many profiles of single tubular thylakoid were found from Thailand strain. Presence of mucocyst also varies
among strains; i.e. found in Malaysian and Philippines strains. Phylogenetic trees inferred from sequences of
LSU rDNA and ITS region revealed there was five strains of Chattonella subsalsa, ten strains of C. marina/ovata/antiqua and two strains were not fit into those two subclades.

GP-P27 (13553)

Accumulation of tsunami debris on the seafloor depends on tsunami impact, bathymetry
and ocean velocity
Misako Matsuba, Yusuke Tanaka, Takehisa Yamakita, Yoichi Ishikawa and Katsunori Fujikura
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan. E-mail: matsubam@jamstec.go.jp

The tsunami generated by the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 washed a lot of debris into the surrounding
sea. Tsunami debris accumulated on the bottom of the seafloor would damage fishing gears including trawl nets
although some of the debris may act as an artificial reef. After the disaster, it is desirable to efficiently advancethe minesweeping work of tsunami debris in order to reduce the possible impact on human activities in coastaland offshore areas such as fishery. In this research, we constructed a model to estimate where tsunami debris willaccumulate on the bottom of the seafloor.
The model showed that more debris dispersed into the surrounding area from the coast where the higher wave ofthe tsunami was recorded. The debris flowed out was likely to accumulate on the bottom of which topography
was bumpy. Despite the flat topography in the estuary, more debris tended to be located. It is because the rivers
flooded by the tsunami would transport more debris to the estuary. The deposition of the tsunami debris on theseabed did not necessarily decay along the distance from the coast at the relatively small scale (within several tensof kilometers from the coast). Wave height of the tsunami and the topological complexity can affect more strongly
the accumulation of the debris. Some of the debris that flowed out to the coast also migrated on the ocean current.
Future research is welcome to clarify their sedimentation process and movements on the seabed.

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GP-P28 (13560) CANCELLEDThe Okhotsk Sea de-oxygenizing influence on deep-water fishes
Nadezhda Aseeva and Vladimir Matveev
Pacific Fisheries Research Center, Vladivostok, Russia. E-mail: aseeva_n@hotmail.com

Some deep-water species distribution in the Okhotsk Sea are considered for the period since 1963 on the data ofscientific surveys and observers aboard fishing vessels. The most of flounders and other species which inhabits
the depths above 300 m did not change their distribution, in general, whereas the densest concentrations of adultgreenland halibut Reinhardius hippoglossoides were at 600-700 m depth until 2000s but shifted to 500-600 m
recently. This shift could be reasoned by lowering of dissolved oxygen content in the intermediate layer below 500
m because of limited ventilation in condition of warm winters – the recent lowering reached 0.6 mL/L per decade.
However, the upper part of the intermediate layer is still well-ventilated, so the de-oxygenizing is not dangerous
for mass commercial species of the upper continental slope.

GP-P29 (13612)

Can a deep-sea copepod trophically utilize bacterial bioluminescence and chitinolysis?
Katsushi Hirano1, Kentaro Takada2, Hideto Fukushima3, Toshihiro Nakai1, Yoshihiro Sanbongi1 and Susumu
Ohtsuka1
1
2
3

Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan. E-mail: m183315@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Japan
Nihon University, Hujisawa, JapanThe mesopelagic, detritivorous calanoid copepod Cephalophanes refulgens has a pair of highly developed naupliar
eyes with parabolic reflectors. It was suggested that these eyes detect bioluminescence of bacteria growing on
crustacean detrital matter, their food source. Actually, the copepod guts were often packed with crustacean remains
and contained hard, semi-transparent matters in the anterior caecum. We speculate the following scenario of thisspecialized feeding habit of the copepod: (1) after detection and ingestion of crustacean detrital matters covered
with bioluminescent bacteria, these are digested with the aid of bacterial chitinase in the gut; (2) digested fluid
chitins are moved to the anterior caecum by a peristaltic motion of the gut and then solidified for preservation. The
first step in their feeding habit was suggested by the presence of enteric, bioluminescent/chitinolytic bacteria intheir gut. Their presence was confirmed using chitinolysis test with chitin marine agar and by 16SrDNA sequence
analyses of isolated strains using Sanger sequencing method and bacterial universal primers 341F and 907R.
Calcofluor white staining and GC-MS analyses of the hard material in the caecum revealed that it was composed
mainly of chitin. Therefore, the copepod likely utilizes bacterial physiological activities for food detection anddigestion.

GP-P30 (13622)

Characteristics of Dissolved Organic Matter in Submarine Groundwater Discharge(SGD) in Jeju Island
Jin-Wook Song, Tae-Hoon Kim
Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea. E-mail: jwsong8534@jejunu.ac.kr

In order to evaluation the distribution of dissolved organic matter in the submarine groundwater discharge,
dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) were measured in Woljeongri,
Pyoseon, and Kwakgi beaches of Jeju lsland, Korea, in three sampling campaigns (June, July, and October 2016).
The concentrations of DOC in groundwater were in the range of 11–182 mM and were about 40% higher in
Woljeongri and Pyoseon beaches than in Kwakgi beach. In addition, the concentrations of CDOM (C and M
peaks) in the groundwater of Woljeongri and Pyoseon beaches were relatively higher than those of Kwakgi beach.
The relatively higher DOC concentrations in the coastal groundwater of Woljeongri and Pyoseon, with higher
CDOM concentrations, seem to be mainly from anthropogenic sources such as local pollution sources (i.e.,aquaculture wastewater or domestic sewage). Correlations between salinity and DOC in all beaches showed arelatively positive trend in October rather than in June and July. This result indicates that conservative mixing of
DOC depending on salinity in subterranean estuary is well due to rapid SGD rates closely linked to heavy rainfall.
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GP-P31 (13623)

Monthly Distributions of Organic Matter in Precipitation of Jeju Island
Min-Young Lee, Tae-Hoon Kim
Department of Earth and Marine Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea. E-mail: thkim@jejunu.ac.kr

In order to evaluate the distribution of organic matter in the atmosphere, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), dissolved
organic nitrogen (DON), particulate organic carbon (POC) were measured in Jeju Island, Korea, from January
2018 to April 2018. The concentrations of POC, DOC, and DON were in the range of 22 - 233 μM, 24 - 991 μM,
and 0.47 - 255 μM, respectively. The highest concentration of POC, DOC, and DON was found in January 2018.
This highest organic matter seems to be associated with incomplete combustion of fossil-fuel during winter. In
order to understand the behavior of organic matter in the atmosphere, extensive studies are necessary in the future
over greater time–scales using various chemical tracers.

GP-P32 (13624)

Microplastic Pollution in Freshwater Ecosystem - A Case study of Inland Lakes in Japan
Yoichi Era, Haruhiko Nakata
Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. E-mail: 188d8110@st.kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Occurrence and distribution of microplastics (MP) have been reported worldwide. However, most studies havebeen focused on coastal and marine environment, and little information is available on inland water areas so far.
In this study, we investigated the status of pollution of MP in urban lake ecosystem, such as water, sediment andorganisms in Kumamoto. As the results, high concentrations of MP were identified in sediments from Lake Ezu,
ranging from 124-2,091 piece/kg. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) were
dominant components in sediment, occupying 72-80% of total MP identified. To understand the potential sourceof MP in this lake, plastic toys inserted in lake sand were mixed for 0.5 to 30 min under laboratory condition, andthe number of plastic were counted. The small pieces of MP (approx.. 100-500 mm) were identified (max: 109
piece) in sand, suggesting that usage of toys by kids might be one of source of MP in inland lakes. These results
imply ubiquitous contamination of MP in freshwater ecosystems in Japan.

GP-P33 (13625)

Identification of Terrestrial Sources of Microplastics into the Aquatic Environment
Ken-ichi Kitahara and Haruhiko Nakata
Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan. E-mail: 171d8023@st.kumamoto-u.ac.jp

In recent years, the occurrence and pollution of microplastics (MPs) have been reported in the world. The highconcentrations of MP were identified in coastal and marine ecosystems, but little information is available on thesource of MP into the aquatic environment. In this study, we focused on road dusts and rain runoff as a potential
source of MP from terrestrial to coastal environment. As the results, MP were identified in road dusts collectedfrom Kumamoto and Okinawa in Japan at the mean concentrations of 96 and 68 piece/kg, respectively. The
numbers of MP and traffic density were significantly corelated in Okinawa samples, suggesting that automobile
may be a potential source of MP in road dusts. MP was detected in a rain runoff collected in Kumamoto, at theconcentration of 182 piece/m3. These results strongly suggest that road dust may be one of significant potential
source of MP from terrestrial into coastal areas.

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GP-P34 (13660)

Using Blue Carbon in Climate Regulation
Jie Chen, Yan Jinghui
South China Sea Institute of Planning and Evironmental Reasearch, State Oceanic Administration, 353 Xingang Middle Rd., Haizhu
Distinct, Guangzhou, China. E-mail: carrie_ocean@sohu.com

Climate change greatly affect global marine environment, resulting from seawater temperature rise, sea levelrise, and ocean acidification. Carbon dioxide emission control is an important way to solve the problems ofclimate change and global warming. There is a critical role of the oceans and apply blue carbon in deal withclimate change. Recently, emissions’ reductions are currently at the climate change discussions, Blue carbon play
important role in reducing atmospheric CO2 levels through sequestration and also through reducing the rate ofmarine and coastal ecosystem degradation. There we need recognized blue carbon, apply assessment method in
evaluation of carbon storage ability in Seagrasses, mangroves and salt marshes, and put forward the enhancement
storage capability enhancement, preservation techniques, and management. We conducts interdisciplinary researchon marine-climate interaction, global marine sustainable development, and proposes to utilize blue carbon source
to absorb carbon dioxides in the atmosphere. This leading proposal attempts to fix carbon dioxides in the ocean
by carbon sources from marine sediment, sea weed and fishery, so as to control the atmospheric carbon dioxides
concentration.

GP-P35 (13663)

The toxic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum and its associated bacteria from theculture collection “Marine Biobank” NSCMB FEB RAS
Tatiana Orlova, Kseniya Efimova, Irina Beleneva, Polina Kameneva, Vasilii Svetishev, Alexandr Karpenko
National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray Russia. E-mail: torlova06@mail.ru

The harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum foraminosum Faust found worldwide in both cold and warm marine
waters. In culture, this dinoflagellate produces diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DTX-1). Recent data suggest thatmarine bacteria could be involved in dinoflagellate toxicity. Clones of P. foraminosum (MBRU- PrRUS_7) and
its associated bacteria from the culture collection “Marine Biobank” of the NSCMB FEB RAS (http://marbank.
dvo.ru) were analyzed after a twelve months cultivation as batch cultures. An integrated study, using different
microscopy and molecular techniques, Raman microspectroscopy and high resolution liquid chromatographymass spectrometry (HR LC-MS), was undertaken to elucidate biological aspects, and identify main metabolites
including toxins. The first data on the use of specific and universal molecular genetic markers for 16S rDNA,
23S rDNA and some genes of polyketide synthases (PKS) for determining the symbiotic composition of
microorganisms associated with cultures of P. foraminosum were presented. The fatty acid composition of lipids
and pigments of dinoflagellates and bacteria have been studied. Our data provides evidence for an association
between this dinoflagellate and bacteria. The role of associated bacteria in DTX-1 production is discussed.
This work was supported by the RFBR project 17-04-01394 and project FEB RAS “Far East” 18-5-074.

254

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GP-P36 (13681)

Taxonomic profiles in metagenomic analyses of marine dinoflagellate communities in
Jinhae Bay, Korea.
Jinik Hwang, Eun Young Yoon, Seung Joo Moon, Eun Joo Kim and Jaeyeon Park
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Republic of Korea. E-mail: bada0@snu.ac.kr

High-resolution 18S rRNA tag NGS (Next generation sequencing) was used to obtain two seasons (summer,
winter) snapshots of the dinoflagellate diversity and community structure at two locations in Jinhae Bay (SouthSea, Korea) in two seasons. Seasonal sampling from the water column at each site revealed highly diverse marine
algae communities containing up to 700 estimated Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). The DNA libraries fromsamples collected during two seasons were sequenced using NGS. The number of reads was 52,048 in March(spring), 54,353 in June (summer). Species identification indicated that Karlodinium sp., Protoperidinium sp.
and Akashiwo sp. were most common species in winter sample, while Alexandrium sp. and Dinophysis sp. werecommon in summer. These results suggest that seasonal changes in water environment contribute to the dynamic
structure of the marine dinoflagellate community in study area. The information presented here will be useful forcomparative analyses with other marine algae communities also it is possible to detect a small amount of harmful
algae which cannot be detected by a microscope.

GP-P37 (13682)

Absolute quantification of Oxyrrhis marina and Oxyrrhis maritima in Korean waters using
chip-based digital PCR (dPCR) as a novel detection method
Jun-Ho Hyung, Jinik Hwang, Eun Young Yoon and Jaeyeon Park
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do 443-270, Republic of Korea. E-mail: bada0@snu.ac.kr

Estimating distribution and abundance of the harmful marine dinoflagellates in natural seawater via quantitative
real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis is commonly used method. However, qPCR lacks the accuracy and sensitivity
because of the limit for relative quantification and PCR inhibitors in seawater. Here, we established absolute
quantification of Oxyrrhis marina and O. maritima strain in both laboratory culture and environmental samples
using chip-based digital PCR (dPCR), an advanced technique adding aspects of fluorescence-activated sorting.
dPCR assay detected the population of O. marina and O. maritima even if there was a dramatically low
concentration in samples. Result of gene copy number calculated via dPCR showed that the copy of O. marina pera single cell was 144 ± 6.9 while O. maritima was 177 ± 9.2. Thus, it suggests that dPCR system can provide theearly detection and precise monitoring of the harmful algae, so may useful for predicting harmful algal blooms.

GP-P38 (13683)

Influence of submarine groundwater discharge on feeding and growth of fish
Koji Fujita and Jun Shoji
Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan. E-mail: m174299@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Recent studies have revealed that submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) contributes greatly to biologicalproduction in coastal waters due to higher concentration of nutrients compared to river water. However, moststudies have focused on the relationship between SGD and biological production of low-order trophic level,
while there are few studies on the impact on productivity of higher-order trophic levels worldwide. In the present
study, a cage experiment were conducted in coastal waters of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, to evaluate the influenceof the SGD on feeding and growth of fish. Based on the preliminary survey of radon (222Rn) concentration as anindicator of SGD, two sites were selected in coastal waters off Hiroshima Prefecture; site A: Takehara, Japan, as
a site with more SGD and site B: Aba Island, an unpopulated island as a site with less SGD. Individual marbled
sole Pleuronectes yokohamae juveniles (mean body length: 63.5 mm) was kept in a cage (0.45x0.45x0.3 m) for
two weeks. A total of sixteen cages were set at each site. Water temperature and salinity were monitored by dataloggers. Production of benthic microalgae and abundance of epi-benthic crustacean as major prey source for thejuveniles were compared between the two sites. At site A, stomach content weight and growth rate were greaterthan at site B. Higher production of the benthic microalgae and higher abundance of gammarids at site A weresuggested to have contributed to the greater feeding and growth of the juveniles during the experiment.

255

PICES-2018

GP-P39 (13706)

Influence of ammonium derived from hot spring drainage on downriver and estuarine
ecosystems
Shohei Takemoto, Ryo Sugimoto, Makoto Yamada, Hisami Honda and Jun Shoji
Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Japan. Email: m181474@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

In the Beppu area, it has suggested that nutrients and heat produced by hot spring wastewater promoted growthof adherent algae and Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in the downstream and estuarine area. However, there
is no detailed information on them. In the present study, we evaluated the influence of hot spring drainage on
downriver and estuarine ecosystems using nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ15N). On August 30-31, 2017, riverwater, wastewater and attached periphyton were collected in two contrasting rivers running through Beppu City:
Hirata River (significant effect of hot spring) and Haruki River (less effect of hot spring). Tilapias were collectedin the downstream area. Stomach contents and δ15N of fish muscle were analyzed. Concentrations and 15N of
NH4+ decreased and increased from the upper to downstream with an isotope fractionation of -18.1‰. This value
approximated to that of NH4+ uptake by adherent algae, while the δ15N of algae in Haruki River was higher thanthe other. These results suggested that major source of nitrogen differs between the two rivers. The difference wasalso reflected in the δ15N of tilapias. Estimation of possible origin of nitrogen source by the use of δ15N of algae,
NO3-and NH4+ indicated that 64% of NH4+ were consumed in Hirata River while 96% of NO3- were consumedin Haruki River. It was suggested that NH4+ supplied from hot spring supported the downriver and estuarine
ecosystems in Hirata River through the utilization by adherent algae and supported a nutritional base for river
ecosystems in Hirata River.

GP-P40 (13716) CANCELLED

Changes of nitrogen and carbon budget by effluent of land-based aquaculture farm in the
coastal area of Jeju, Korea
Taehee Lee, Sin Jae Yoo
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Jeju, Korea. E-mail: thlee@kiost.ac.kr

Approximately 350 land-based aquaculture farms (LAF) have developed in Jeju, pollutions of coastal environmentby the effluent discharge have recently become an issue. The effluent has high nutrient concentration and highorganic matter content, which has a serious impact on the coastal ecosystem. We set up a demonstration area
(850,000 m2) in the Handong coastal area (HCA) to identify the nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) budget. The amountof effluent from the LAF to the HCA is 780,000 m3/day. The average dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) andparticulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations in effluents are 72.86 mmol/L and 375.02 mg/m-3, respectively.
The DIN and POC loads into HCA, calculated using concentrations and nominal flow of the effluents, amount to
796 and 293 kg/day, respectively. The amounts of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and dissolved organic carbon(DOC) discharged into the HCA are 254 and 655 kg/day, respectively. The N and C contents of effluent water are 9
and 2 times higher than that of the original cultured water, respectively. The N and C inputs to the coastal area aredominated by effluent (72% and 75%), followed by submarine groundwater (SG) discharge (26% and 9%), andbenthic flux (2% and 16%). Outputs are dominated by primary production (70% and 69%), followed by cultured
water (22% and 19%), benthic deposition (7% and 8%), and benthic macroalgae (1% and 4%). In the coastal areaof Jeju, the effluent of LAF plays a crucial role in the accumulation of N and C.

256

PICES-2018

GP-P41 (13717)

Distribution and population structure of Euphausia pacifica in Korean waters.
Bo ram Lee1, Wongyu Park1 and Jung Hwa Choi2
12

Department of Marine Biology, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513, Korea.
National Institute of Fisheries Science Fisheries Resources Research Center, Tongyeong, 53064, Korea

Distribution and population structure of euphausiids were investigated in Korean waters based on monthly
collected samples in 2016. Water temperature and salinity were measured during the sampling. Water masses
were largely divided from four to six groups including Jeju Warm Current, North Korean Cold Current, theYellow Sea water and coastal water, using K-means clustering based on mean temperature and salinity. A totalof 8 species of euphausiids was recognized. Euphausia pacifica was most dominant species (mean density: 1.86
inds.m-3), followed by Pseudeuphausia latifrons (mean density: 0.07 inds.m-3), Stylocheiron carniatum (meandensity: 0.04 inds.m-3). The density of E. pacifica was highest in June, and lowest in October. E. pacifica werepreferentially found in cold and low salinity water such as Yellow Sea water. Eggs, furcilia and calyptopis ofeuphausiids occurred during the entire sampling period except February. The relative proportions of eggs werehigher in Kuroshio Current in March and September, peaked in North Korean Cold Current in October, and werehighest in March in coastal water. The relative proportions of calyptopis and furcilia were increased after Marchin all areas. The density of adults was highest in the Yellow Sea in February and March. This study suggests that
distribution patterns and recruitment of euphausiids varied with water mass characteristics.

GP-P42 (13737)

VoCC: A new R package for calculating the Velocity of Climate Change and related
landscape climatic metrics.
Jorge García Molinos1, David S. Schoeman2, Christopher J. Brown3, Naoki H. Kumagai4, and Michael T. Burrows5
1
2
3
4
5

Arctic Research Center, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. E-mail: jorgemolinos@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia.
Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia.
Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Ibaraki, Japan.
Scottish Association for Marine Science, Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll, United Kingdom.

The velocity of climate change and related metrics examine the spatial change of climatic variables overtime, from which exposure to climate change can be estimated and the scope of species’ range-shift responses
inferred. Because they are easy to calculate and conceptually simple, these metrics have been extensively used inresearch and can provide useful information for conservation management. Applications include reconstruction
and prediction of climate-driven species distribution shifts, description of endemism patterns, identification ofclimate refugia and climate connectivity analysis. Multiple extensions to the original concept of climate velocity
have been proposed since first presented nearly a decade ago. Our new R package ‘VoCC’ gives easy accessto a comprehensive collection of functions to calculate these metrics from their initial formulation to the latest
expansions and developments.

GP-P43 (13743) CANCELLED

The study of change of marine environment in the sea near Ieodo Ocean Reasearch
Station (IORS) using wave glider
GwangSeob Park, Young Baek Son and JinYong Jeong
Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Korea. E-mail: gspark@kiost.ac.kr

This study investigates the environmental properties of the sea near Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) before
and after the typhoon using in-situ observations and remote sensing data. The IORS is located in the northern partof the East China Sea. The data used for the investigation area near the IORS are stationary observation data of
IORS and shipboard-serial observation by the National Fisheries Research and Development Institute (NFRDI),
and remote observations by wave glider and satellite. The investigation area was influenced by typhoon Talimin September, 2017. At that time, along with the field data of IORS and wave glider, we observed the strong
gust wind of more than 20m/s and the wave heights of more than 9m. We analyzed ocean currents such as watertemperature, salinity and chlorophyll, and ocean current data observed through ADCP, from the field observation
data and remotely sensed data from before and after the Talim.

257

PICES-2018

GP-P44 (13747)

NEAR-GOOS: Developing sustained ocean observations for enhanced services in thenortheastern Asian marginal seas
Norio Baba1, Masakazu Higaki1, Heedong Jeong1, Vyacheslav Lobanov1, Heeyoon Park1, Oleg Sokolov1, Ting
Yu1, Zhihua Zhang1 and Wenxi Zhu1
IOC/WESTPAC Coordinating Committee for NEAR-GOOS. E-mail: higaki@met.kishou.go.jp

The North-East Asian Regional-Global Ocean Observing System (NEAR-GOOS) is the first regional pilot
project of GOOS. This presentation describes its success and challenges over the last 20 years. Initiated in 1996,
NEAR-GOOS aimed to facilitate the sharing of oceanographic data in the marginal seas bordered by the partnercountries: China, Japan, Korea and Russia. Its development has been coordinated by the UNESCO/IOC SubCommission for the Western Pacific (IOC/WESTPAC) through its Coordinating Committee for NEAR-GOOS.
The major achievement of NEAR-GOOS at its first phase features the establishment of a network of real-timeand delayed mode databases accessible online free-of-charge, with these databases being operated by designatednational agencies. Despite some restrictions on oceanographic data exchange in some member states, NEARGOOS archives now contain 59 types of data with total volume of 210 GB (as of Jun. 2018). A challenge for
NEAR-GOOS at its second phase (after 2003) was to advance from data management to jointly developing
sustained regional integrated ocean observations and delivering enhanced services, for a wide range of users in
the region. This advancement requires not only continued improvements of the existing data and informationexchange mechanisms, but also an enhancement in its observations, and delivering more user-friendly services
in the region and beyond. Currently, NEAR-GOOS has three working groups on data management, products, andocean forecasting system (OFS). Recent NEAR-GOOS projects include Cross Basin Climate Monitoring Section
implemented by Japan and Russia since 2011, enhancement of OFS since 2016, and ferry box monitoring since2018.

GP-P45 (13795)

Influence of variability of thermal conditions on the development of shellfish on marine
farms (North-Western part of the Sea of Japan)
Larissa A. Gayko
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute FEB RAS, 43 Baltiyskaya Street, Vladivostok 690041, Russia. E-mail: gayko@yandex.ru

Global warming of a climate on all planet influences cycles of development of mollusks. There is also a tendency
for the larvae period to become shorter; the duration of the settlement period exhibits the least variability. Under
comparison of duration of all four periods in development of Japanese scallop Misuchopecten yessoensis (Jay)for 1970–2012, it can be noted that the duration itself did not change, but the difference between the maximum
and minimum duration value decreased. Thus, it is obvious, that climate change at the present stage is reflected infunctioning of the ecosystems, and there are changes in biological cycles. To study these changes carrying out of
the biological parameters monitoring in marine farms is necessary.

258

Registrants as of September 11, 2018

Australia
Yves-Marie Bozec
School of Biological Sciences
The University of Queensland
St Lucia Campus
Brisbane, Queensland QLD4072
Australiay.bozec@uq.edu.au
Alexandra Helene Campbell
Faculty of Science, Health, Engineering and Education
University of the Sunshine Coast
90 Sippy Downs Dr.
Sunshine Coast, QLD 4556
Australia
acampbe1@usc.edu.au
Daud Hassan
Department of Law
Western Sydney University
Corner of James Ruse Dr. and Victoria Rd.
Parramatta, NSW 2151
Australiadaud.hassan@westernsydney.edu.au

CanadaSusan E. Allen
Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences
University of British Columbia
2020-2207 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadasallen@eoas.ubc.ca
Natalie Ban
School of Environmental Studies
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadanban@uvic.ca
Harold (Hal) P. Batchelder
Deputy Executive Secretary
PICES Secretariat
9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadahbatch@pices.int

Sonia D. Batten
CPR Survey
Marine Biological Association
4737 Vista View Cres.
Nanaimo, BC V9V 1N8
Canadasonia.batten@mba.ac.uk
Jennifer L. Boldt
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaJennifer.Boldt@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Joanne Breckenridge
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science
University of British Columbia
2207 Main Mall, #2020
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadajbrecken@eoas.ubc.ca
Robin M. Brown
Executive Secretary
PICES Secretariat
9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadarobin.brown@pices.int
Alexander Bychkov
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadabychkov@pices.int
Peter Chandler
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
P.O. Box 6000
9860 West Saanich Rd.,B.C.
Canada, V8L
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
CanadaPeter.Chandler@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

259

PICES-2018
Anthony Charles
School of the Environment and School of BusinessSaint Mary’s University
923 Robie St.
Halifax, NS B3H3C3Canadatony.charles@smu.ca

Anya Dunham
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaAnya.Dunham@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

William Cheung
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
The University of British Columbia
AERL, 2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4
Canadaw.cheung@oceans.ubc.ca

Boris Espinasse
EOAS/IOF
UBC
Rm 314.07, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Lab, 2202
Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaboris.espinasse@laposte.net

James ChristianFisheries and Oceans Canada
Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis
c/o University of Victoria, P.O. Box 3065
Victoria, BC V8W 3V6
CanadaJim.Christian@canada.ca
Jackson Wing Four Chu
Ecosystem Sciences Division
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
412-3255 Cook St.
Victoria, BC V8X1A4Canadajwfchu@gmail.com
Ellika Crichton
101-1897 West 8th Ave.
Vancouver, V6J1V9Canadaecrichto@gmail.com
Fiona Ema Davidson
Department of Geography, Environment andGeomatics University of Ottawa
75 Laurier Ave. E
Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5
Canadafdavi065@uottawa.ca
Sarah Dudas
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaSarah.Dudas@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

260

Vanessa Fladmark
Earth and Ocean Sciences / Institute for the Oceans
and Fisheries
The University of British Columbia
2013-2207 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
CanadaCaihong Fu
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaCaihong.Fu@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Lu Guan
Ocean Networks Canada
University of Victoria
P.O. Box 1700 STN CSC
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadaguanlu129@gmail.com
Helen Gurney-Smith
Biological Effects
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Ecosystems and Oceans Science, St. Andrews
Biological Station, 531 Brandy Cove Rd.
St. Andrews, NB E5B 1L3
CanadaHelen.Gurney-Smith@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

PICES-2018
Charles Hannah
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
CanadaCharles.Hannah@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Jennifer M. Jackson
Hakai Institute100 -1002 Wharf St.
Victoria, BC V8W 1T4
Canadajennifer.jackson@hakai.org

Christopher D.G. Harley
Department of Zoology
University of British Columbia
4200-6270 University Blvd.
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaharley@zoology.ubc.ca

S. Kim Juniper
Ocean Networks Canada
University of Victoria
Ocean Climate Bldg.
Queenswood Campus
2474 Arbutus Ro
Victoria, BC V8N 1V9Canadakjuniper@uvic.ca

Amber Marie Holdsworth
Institute of Ocean Sciences
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L4B2CanadaAmber.Holdsworth@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Lauren M. Howell
Biological Sciences
Simon Fraser University
8888 University Dr.
Vancouver, BC V5T 0A4
Canadalhowell@sfu.ca
Brian P.V. Hunt
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
University of British Columbia
Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory, 2202 Main
Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4
Canadab.hunt@oceans.ubc.ca
Karen Hunter
Pacific Biological Station
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
Canadakaren.hunter@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Eddy Kennedy
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaEddy.Kennedy@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Jackie R. King
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaJackie.King@dfo-mpo.gc.ca
Duncan Knowler
School of Resource and Environmental Management
Simon Fraser University
8888 University Ave.
Burnaby , BC V5A1S6Canadadjk@sfu.ca
Anders Knudby
Department of Geography, Environment andGeomatics
University of Ottawa
75 Laurier Ave. E
Ottawa, ON K1N6N5
Canadaaknudby@uottawa.ca

261

PICES-2018
Yuliya Kuzmenko
EOAS
UBC
10660 Agassiz Court
Richmond, BC V7A4K4Canadayuliya.kuzmenko0@gmail.com

Vladimir I. Radchenko
Executive Director
North Pacific Anadromous Fish Commission502-889 West Pender St.
Vancouver, BC V6C 3B2
Canadavlrad@npafc.org

Lian Elizabeth Kwong
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric
Sciences
University of British Columbia
2020-2207 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4
Canadalkwong@eoas.ubc.ca

Laura Richards
c/o Institute of Ocean Sciences
PICES Secretariat
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadarichards@pices.int

Carmel Lowe
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
Canadacarmel.lowe@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

262

Andrew RS Ross
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W Saanich Rd.
Sidney, BC V8L 5T5
CanadaAndrew.Ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Lesley Anne MacDougall
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
Canadalesley.macdougall@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Tetjana Ross
Institute of Ocean Sciences
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadatetjana.ross@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Lisa Ann Miller
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
CanadaLisa.Miller@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Akash Sastri
Ocean Networks Canada
University of Victoria
Technology Enterprise Facility, 2300 McKenzie Ave.
Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2
Canadaasastri@uvic.ca

Angelica Peña
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Institute of Ocean Sciences
9860 W. Saanich Rd., P.O. Box 6000
Sidney, BC V8L 4B2
Canadaangelica.pena@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Mei Sato
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
University of British Columbia
AERLBldg., Room 245, 2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4
Canadam.sato@oceans.ubc.ca

Ian Perry
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaIan.Perry@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Karyn D. Suchy
Department of Geography
University of Victoria
3800 Finnerty Rd.
Victoria, BC V8P 5C2
Canadaksuchy@uvic.ca

PICES-2018
Szymon Surma
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
University of British Columbia
2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadas.surma@fisheries.ubc.ca

Manchun Chen
Marine Ecological Environmental Department
National Marine Data and Information Service
93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
87603116@qq.com; cmcnmdis@126.com

Travis Tai
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
University of British Columbia
3531 Chrisdale Ave.
Burnaby, BC V5A2Y1
Canadattai2@alumni.uwo.ca

Ning Chen
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, 266003
China, PR
chenning_1993@126.com

Thomas W. Therriault
Fisheries and Oceans Canada
Pacific Biological Station
3190 Hammond Bay Rd.
Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7
CanadaThomas.Therriault@dfo-mpo.gc.ca

Shang Sunny Chen
Research Center for Marine Ecology
First Institute of Oceanography, SOA
Rm. 521, Science Bldg., 6 Xianxialing Rd., LaoShan
Dist
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
schen@fio.org.cn

Andrew W. Trites
Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries
University of British Columbia
Rm. 247, AERL, 2202 Main Mall
Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4
Canadaa.trites@oceans.ubc.ca

China
Fei Chai
Second Institute of Oceanography
State Oceanic Administration
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, 310012
China, PRfchai@sio.org.cn
Jie Chen
353 Xingang Middle Rd., Haizhu Distinct
Guangzhou, 510300
China, PR
carrie_ocean@sohu.com
Keliang Chen
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PRklchen@tio.org.cn

Yunlong Chen
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
chenyl@ysfri.ac.cn
Zhengguo Cui
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute
Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRcuizg@ysfri.ac.cn
Qi Ding
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, 266071
China, PR
dingqi@ysfri.ac.cn
Feiyan Du
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
231 West Xingang Rd., Haizhu District
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300
China, PRfeiyanegg@163.com

263

PICES-2018
Jianguo Du
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PR
dujianguo@tio.org.cn
Jinqiu Du
Department of Marine Chemistry
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
jinqiu609@163.com
Song Feng
CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology andEnvironmental Sciences
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
Naihai Rd. 7th
Qingdao , 266071
China, PR
Kunshan Gao
Xiamen University
A1-211 Zhoulongquan Bldg.
Xiamen, 361102
China, PRksgao@xmu.edu.cn
Zhongyong Gao
Key Laboratory of Global Change and MarineAtmospheric
Chemistry
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
Chunjiang Guan
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PRcjguan@nmemc.org.cn
Lisha Guan
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
Rm. 1506, No. 106 Nanjing Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
guanls@ysfri.ac.cn

264

Hao Guo
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
hguo@nmemc.org.cn
Chunhua Han
Marine Data Center
National Marine Data and Information Service
No. 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
38086561@qq.com
Yang Han
Development Research Center of the State Council of
the People’s Republic of China
225 Chaoyangmennei Ave., Dongcheng District
Beijing, 100010
China, PR
hany@drc.gov.cn
Mingjun He
Zhejiang University
ZhoushanZhoushan, Zhejiang 316021
China, PR
21734002@zju.edu.cn
Wenjia Hu
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
huwenjia@tio.org.cn
Xiaoke Hu
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, CAFS
17 Chunhui Rd., Laishan District
Yantai, 264003
China, PR
xkhu@yic.ac.cn
Chuanlin Huo
Department of Marine Ecology and Environment,
Ministry of Ecology and Environment
45 Pingan li west street, Xicheng district, Beijing
China, PR
PM_CWTH@163.COM

PICES-2018
Wo JiaOcean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266005
China, PR
499467134@qq.com
Zhang Jian
National Marine Data and Information Service
93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District
Tianjin,300171,China
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
889900hhhhhh@163.com
Qutu Jiang
Ocean College
Zhejiang University
Haike Bldg. 346, Zhoushan Campus
Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000
China, PR
1542797171@qq.com
Nianzhi Jiao
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental
Science
Xiamen University, Xiang-An Campus
Zhou Long Quan A2-301
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRjiao@xmu.edu.cn
Peng Jin
Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Wai Huan
Xi Rd.
Guangzhou, 510006
China, PR
pengjin@gzhu.edu.cn
Xianshi Jin
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
jin@ysfri.ac.cn
Chaolun Li
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
lcl@qdio.ac.cn

Daoji LiState Key laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal
Research
East China Normal University
3663 North Zhongshan Rd.
Shanghai, 200062
China, PR
daojili@sklec.ecnu.edu.cn
Hongjun Li
Marine Environmental Ecology Department
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
hjli@nmemc.org.cn
Jianchao Li
Ocean University of China
Fishery College
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, 266003
China, PRlijianchao@ouc.edu.cn
Jianwen Li
Remanufacturing and Electric Safety Technology
CenterSuzhou Nuclear Power Research InstituteNo. 1788, Xihuan Rd.
Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004
China, PR13812648201@163.com
Jingmei Li
School of Economics
Ocean University of China
No. 238 Songling Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PRjingmeili66@163.com
Qingsheng Li
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
qsli@tio.org.cn

265

PICES-2018
Qiufen Li
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
liqf@ysfri.ac.cn

Qun LinYellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
linqun@ysfri.ac.cn

Songlin Li
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Ocean University of China
No. 238 Songling Rd., Laoshan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266100
China, PR
649301812@qq.com

Ying Lin
Ocean College
Zhejiang University
Haike Bldg. 346, Zhoushan Campus
Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316000
China, PR
21734011@zju.edu.cn

Xuefeng LI
Sea Area & Islands Office
National Ocean Technology Center (NOTC)
No. 219 Jieyuanxidao
Tianjin, 300112
China, PRchenzai321@gmail.com

Guimei Liu
National Marine Environmental Forecasting Center
State Oceanic Administration (SOA)
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District
Beijing, 100081
China, PRliugm@nmefc.cn

Yafang Li
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
No. 231 Xingang West Rd., Haizhu District
Guangzhou, 510300
China, PR
xiaofang-1113@163.com

Jinwen Liu
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRjinwenliu@tio.org.cn

Peng Lian
Fisheries College
Ocean University of China
5 YuShan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
v1352l26@vip.qq.com

Lin Liu
Center for Ocean and Climate Research (COCR)
First Institute of Oceanography, SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd., Hi-Tech Park, LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
liul@fio.org.cn

Tao LianState Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment
Dynamics
Second Institute of Oceanography
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, 310012
China, PRliantao@sio.org.cn

Qing Liu
52 Heishijiao St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PRliuqing@dlou.edu.cn

Cui Liang
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
cui-liang@hotmail.com

266

Renyan Liu
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
No. 42, Linghe Str.
Dalian, 116023
China, PRliurenyan1963@163.com

PICES-2018
Shufang Liu
Molecular Ecology of Fishery Resources
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRliusf@ysfri.ac.cn

Zhiyuan Ma
Marine Biology and Ecology Laboratory
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
No. 178 Daxue Rd.
Xiamen, Fujian 361000
China, PRmazhiyuan@tio.org.cn

Wei Liu
Research Center for Marine Ecology
First Institute of Oceanography, SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd., Hi-Tech Park, LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PRweiliu@fio.org.cn

Zhuojun Ma
Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences
150 Qingtacun, South Yongding Rd., Fengtai District
Beijing, 100141
China, PR
mazj@cafs.ac.cn

Yang Liu
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PR
yangliu315@hotmail.co.jp
Aimin Long
Marine Environment and Ecology
South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, CAS
164 West Xingang Rd.
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301
China, PRlongam@scsio.ac.cn
Douding Lu
Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry
Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PR
doudinglu@sio.org.cn
Ya-Wei Luo
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental
Science
Xiamen University, Xiang-An Campus
A3-317 Zhou Long Quan Hall
Xiang-An, Xiamen, Fujian 361102
China, PRywluo@xmu.edu.cn

Wu MenDepartment of Marine Biology and Ecology
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
menwu@tio.org.cn
Xianhong Meng
Breeding Laboratory
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
QingDao, ShanDong 266071
China, PR
mengxianhong@ysfri.ac.cn
Hongxia Ming
Marine Ecology
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
DaLian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
hxming@nmemc.org.cn
Xiuxia Mu
5 Rd. Yushan
Qingdao, Shandong 264000
China, PR
907439453@qq.com

267

PICES-2018
Guangshui Na
Marine Chemistry
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
gsna2010@163.com
Jiajia Ning
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
No. 231 West Xingang Rd.
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300
China, PRnjpiao1981@163.com
Ai-Jun Pan
Ocean Dynamics Lab.
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
Daxue Rd. 178
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRaijunpan@tio.org.cn
Xindong Pan
Fishery Resources
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266000
China, PR
550826950@qq.com
Benrong Peng
College of Environment and Ecology
Xiamen University
A 107, Huansheng Bldg.
Xiamen, Fujian 361021
China, PRbrpeng@xmu.edu.cn
Di Qi
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PR
qidi@tio.org.cn
Fangli Qiao
First Institute of Oceanography, SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd., Hi-Tech Park, LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
qiaofl@fio.org.cn

268

Fangyuan Qu
The First Institute of Oceanography
No. 6 Xianxialing Rd.
Qingdao, 266061
China, PR
qfy@fio.org.cn
Pei QuFirst Institute of Oceanography, SOA
Xianxialing Rd. No. 6
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
qupei@fio.org.cn
Yiping Ren
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
216 Fisheries Hall, 5, Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PRrenyip@ouc.edu.cn
Xiujuan Shan
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
shanxj@ysfri.ac.cn
Lijian Shi
8 Dahuisi Rd., Haidian District
Beijing, 100081
China, PRshilj@mail.nsoas.org.cn
Hongjun SongFirst Institute of Oceanography, SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd., Hi-Tech Park, LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
songhongjun@fio.org.cn
Meng Su
School of Economics
Ocean University of China
No. 238 Songling Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266100
China, PR
sumengouc@qq.com

PICES-2018
Jiazhen Sun
State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental
Science
Xiamen University
Xiang-An campus, ZhouLongQuan A1-211, Xiang-An
Nanlu
Xiamen, Fujian 361102 China
China, PR
iamvurtne@sina.com
Peng Sun
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PRsunbird1103@sina.com
Zhencheng Tao
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology andEnvironmental Sciences
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRtaozc@qdio.ac.cn
Yongjun Tian
College of Fisheries
Ocean Univeristy of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PRyjtian@ouc.edu.cn
Mengmeng Tong
Ocean College
Zhejiang University
1 Zheda Rd., Dinghai District
Zhoushan, 316021
China, PRmengmengtong@zju.edu.cn
Fangfang Wan
Marine Data Center
National Marine Data and Information Service
93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
fangfww15@sina.cn

Baodong Wang
Marine Ecology Research CenterFirst Institute of Oceanography, SOA
6 Xianxialing Rd., Hi-Tech Park, LaoShan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266061
China, PR
wangbd@fio.org.cn
Bin Wang
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, 266003
China, PR
wbin9308@126.com
BIN Wang
Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry
Second Institute of Oceanography
36 Baochubei Rd.
Hangzhou, 310012
China, PR
wangbin@sio.org.cn
Jianjun Wang
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
Daxue Rd. 178
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PR
wangjianjun@tio.org.cn
Jinhui Wang
East China Sea Branch, SOA
630 Dong Tang Rd.
Shanghai, Shanghai 200137
China, PR
wangjinhui@189.cn
Lianggen Wang
South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
231 West Xingang Rd., Haizhu District
Guangzhou, 510300
China, PRlung1984@163.com
Nan Wang
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
wangnan@qdio.ac.cn; vieryo@163.com

269

PICES-2018
Pengbin Wang
Key Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and
Biogeochemistry
The Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA
HangzhouHangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PRalgae@sio.org.cn
Qimao Wang
Dahuisi Rd. NO8
Beijing, 100086
China, PR
nini0303@163.com
Qiulu Wang
National Marine Data and Information Service
No. 93 Liuwei Rd., Hedong District
Tianjin, 300171
China, PR
87675694@qq.com
Xiujun Wang
Beijing Normal University
19 Xinjiekouwai St.
Beijing, 100875
China, PR
xwang@bnu.edu.cn
Yantao Wang
Key Lab of Marine Ecology & Environmental Science
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
wangyt@qdio.ac.cn
Yujue Wang
Chunhui Rd. 17
Yantai, Shandong 264003
China, PRyjwang@yic.ac.cn
Yuntao Wang
State Key Lab of Satellite Ocean Environment
Dynamics
Second Institute of Oceanography
No. 36 Baochu Rd.
Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310012
China, PR
yuntao.wang@sio.org.cn

270

Qiong wu
Nanjing University of Information Science andTechnology
NingLiu Rd. 219
Nanjing, Jiangsu 210044
China, PR
wuqiong@nuist.edu.cn
Zhongxin Wu
School of Marine Science and Environment
Dalian Ocean University
No. 52, Heishijiao St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PRwuzhongxin2007@126.com
Weiwei Xian
Insititute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
wwxian@qdio.ac.cn
Chuanxi Xing
Marine Dynamics/Physical Oceanography Division
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center(NMEMC), SOA
42 Linghe St., Shahekou District
Dalian, Liaoning 116023
China, PR
cxxing@nmemc.org.cn
Binduo Xu
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266003
China, PR
bdxu@ouc.edu.cn
Changan Xu
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, 361005
China, PR
xuchangan@tio.org.cn
Lei XuSouth China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
No. 231 Xingangxi Rd.
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510300
China, PR
cloud_xu@hotmail.com

PICES-2018
Yongjiu Xu
School of Fishery
Zhejiang Ocean University
1 Haida South Rd.
Zhoushan, Zhejiang 316022
China, PR
xyj-20012318@hotmail.com

Wei YuCollege of Marine Sciences
Shanghai Ocean University
Huchenghuan Rd. 999, Lingang New City
Shanghai, 201306
China, PR
wyu@shou.edu.cn

Zijun Xu
North China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center
22 Fushun Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266033
China, PR
zjxu@sohu.com

Weiwei Yu
The Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
No. 178 Daxue Rd.
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRyuweiwei@tio.org.cn

Ying Xue
Ocean University of China
5 Yushan Rd.
Qingdao, 266003
China, PR
xueying@ouc.edu.cn

Fang Zhang
Naihai Rd. 7th
Qingdao, 266071
China, PRzhangfang@qdio.ac.cn

Yunrong Yan
Fisheries Science and Technology
Guangdong Ocean University
1 Haida Rd., Huguang District
Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088
China, PR
tuna_ps@126.com
Liping Yin
physical oceanography
The first institute of oceanography, SOA
Room 704, Xian Xia Ling Rd. 6
Qingdao, Laoshan 266061
China, PR
yinlp@fio.org.cn
Fei YuR&D Center of Marine Environmental Engineering &Technology
Institute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PR
yuf@qdio.ac.cn
Haiqing Yu
College of Fisheries
Ocean University of China
238 Songling Rd., Laoshan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266100
China, PR
253183715@qq.com

Hui ZhangInstitute of Oceanology, CAS
7 Nanhai Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRzhanghui@qdio.ac.cn
Hui ZhangCollege of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences
Ocean University of China
238 SongLing Rd.
Qingdao, Shandong 266100
China, PR13127050013@163.com
Yingqiu Zhang
Fish Ecology Department
Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese
Academy of
Sciences
1 Xingyu Rd., Liwan District
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510380
China, PR
zhyq0806@126.com
Yusheng Zhang
Department of Marine Biology and Ecology
Third Institute of Oceanography, SOA
178 Daxue Rd., Siming District
Xiamen, Fujian 361005
China, PRzhangyusheng@tio.org.cn

271

PICES-2018
Zhihchun zhang
164 West Xingang Rd.
Guangzhou, Guangdong 510301
China, PRzczhang@scsio.ac.cn
Liyuan Zhao
Daxue Rd. 178
Xiamen, None Selected 361005
China, PRzhaoliyuan@tio.org.cn
Xiangyang Zheng
Chunhui Rd. 17
Yantai, Shandong 264003
China, PR
xyzheng@yic.ac.cn
Yisen Zhong
1954 Huashan Rd.
Shanghai, 200000
China, PRyisen.zhong@sjtu.edu.cn
Zhimeng Zhuang
Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS
106 Nanjing Rd., Shinan District
Qingdao, Shandong 266071
China, PRzhuangzm@ysfri.ac.cn
Bin Zou
Application and Development Dept.
National Satellite Ocean Application Service
8. Dahuisi, Haidian District
Beijing, China 100081
China, PRzoubin@mail.nsoas.org.cn

Chinese-Taipei
Ching-Hsien Ho
Climate Change Division
Nation Science and Technology Center for Disaster
Reduction(NCDR)
9F., No.200, Sec. 3, Beisin Rd., Xindian District
New Taipei City, Taiwan 23143
Chinese-Taipei
Chih-hao Hsieh
Institute of Oceanography
National Taiwan University
No. 1, Sec 4, Roosevelt Rd.
Taipei, Taiwan 10617
Chinese-Taipei
chsieh@ntu.edu.tw
Kuo-Wei Lan
Department of Environmental Biology Fisheries
ScienceNational Taiwan Ocean University
2 Pei-Ning Rd.
Keelung, 20251
Chinese-Taipei
kwlan@mail.ntou.edu.tw
Li Xiang Li
No. 46, Ln. 69, Zhonghua Rd., Zhongshan District
Keelung, 203
Chinese-Taipei
asddery@outlook.com
Jia-Huei Lin
No. 2 Beining Rd., Jhongjheng District
Keelung, 20224
Chinese-Taipei
a0903787667@gmail.com
Tzu-Hsiang Lin
Institute of Environmental Biology and Fishery
ScienceNational Taiwan Ocean University
No. 2 Beining Rd., Jhongjheng District
Keelung, 202
Chinese-Taipei
popo12141618@gmail.com

272

PICES-2018
Wen-Tseng Lo
Institute of Marine Biotechnology and Resources
National Sun Yat-Sen University
70 Lien-Hai Rd.
Kaohsiung, Taiwan 80424
Chinese-Taipei
lowen@faculty.nsysu.edu.tw
Chi-Lu Sun
ISC
4, 5TH FL NO 6, Hsin-Shen South Rd. Section 1
Taipei, 10058
Chinese-Taipei
chilu@ntu.edu.tw
Sheng-Yuan Teng
Department of Environmental Biology Fisheries
ScienceNational Taiwan Ocean University
2 Pei-Ning Rd., Keelung 20224
Keelung, 20224
Chinese-Taipei
yuan22365041@gmail.com
Chia-Hui Wang
Department of Environmental Biology and Fisheries
ScienceNational Taiwan Ocean University
2 Pei-Ning Rd.
Keelung, 20224
Chinese-Taipei
chwang99@mail.ntou.edu.tw
Yan-Lun Wu
Environmental biology and fisheries science
National Taiwan Ocean University
No. 2 Beining Rd., Jhongjheng District
Keelung, 202
Chinese-Taipei
mir19951224@gmail.com
Su-Zan Yeh
5F-4, No 6, Hsin-shen South Rd., section 1
Taipei, 10058
Chinese-Taipei
suzany545@gmail.com

Denmark
Cornelius Hammer
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea(ICES)
H.C. Andersen Blvd. 44-46
Copenhagen, 1553
Denmarkcornelius.hammer@thuenen.de

FinlandSezgin Tunca
Department of Economics and Management
University of Helsinki
Latokartanonkaari 5
Helsinki, 00790
Finlandsezgin.tunca@gmail.com

FranceDidier GascuelAgrocampus Ouest
Université Bretagne Loire (UBL)
65 Route de Saint Brieuc, CS 84215
Rennes, 35042
FranceDidier.Gascuel@agrocampus-ouest.fr
Soonmi Lee
CNRS
2 route du CNRS
Moulis, 09200
Francebyelggi@gmail.com

Ghana
Eric Oti Addai
Irrigation
Ghana National Association Of Farmers And
Fishermen /GIDA
P. O. Box M83
Ministries - Accra
Greater - Accra 00233
Ghana
ericaddaioti@gmail.com
273

PICES-2018

Hong Kong SAR (PR China)
Jay Joan Minuti
University of Hong Kong
University of Hong Kong
Hong Kong, New Territories
Hong Kong SAR (PR China)
jminuti@hku.hk

India
Pavan Kumar Chaudhary
Natural Sciences
Jamia Millia Islamia
New Delhi, New Delhi 100025
India
pavan.jamia@gmail.com
Virendra Kumar Goswami
Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) & Environment &PeaceFoundation
F-82 Sector-41
Noida, --Choose-- 201303
India
Bineet Kumar Gupta
Computer Application
Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University
B2-201, DCA, IoT
Barabanki, --Select State-- 225003
India
bkguptacs@gmail.com

Khafid Rizki Pratama
Meteorology Department
Indonesian State College for Meteorology
Climatology andGeophysics (STMKG)
Perhubungan I St, No. 5, Pondok Betung, Pondok
Aren, Pd
South Tangerang, Banten 15221
Indonesia
khafidrizkipratama@gmail.com
Yesi Ratnasari
Meteorology Department
Indonesian School of Meteorology Climatology andGeophysic
Perhubungan I St.,No 5, Pondok Betung, Pondok Aren
South Tangerang, Banten 15221
Indonesia
yesiratnasari14@gmail.com
Suhendar Indrakoesmaya Sachoemar
Center for Development, Education and Training
Agency for the Assessment and Application ofTechnology (BPPT)
BPPT II Bld 6 Fl. JL. M.H. Thamrin No.8, Jakarta
10340
Jakarta, DKI Jakarta 10340
Indonesia
Wishnu Agum Swastiko
Meteorology Department
Indonesian State College for Meteorology
Climatology and Geophysics (STMKG)
Perhubungan I St, No. 5, Pondok Betung, Pondok
Aren, Pd
South Tangerang, Banten 15221
Indonesia
wswastiko@gmail.com

Indonesia
Susanna Nurdjaman
Oceanography
Institut Teknologi Bandung
Ganesha 10
Bandung, Jawa Barat 40135
Indonesia
susanna@fitb.itb.ac.id274

IsraelAmatzia Genin
The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences in
Eilat
The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
POB 469
Eilat, 88103
Israela.genin@mail.huji.ac.il

PICES-2018

Japan
Hiroto Abe
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, 041-8611
Japan
abe@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Irene D. Alabia
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
N21 W11
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japan
irenealabia@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Daisuke Ambe
Fisheries Research and Education Agency
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
ambe@affrc.go.jp
Koichi Ara
College of Bioresource Sciences
Nihon University
Kameino 1866
Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510
Japanarakoich@brs.nihon-u.ac.jp
Garry Benico
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
The University of Tokyo
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center, 1-1-1
Yayo
Tokyo, 113-8657
Japan
garrybenico@anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Robert Blasiak
Laboratory of Global Fisheries Science
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo, 113-8657
Japanrobert.blasiak@su.se

Yu-Lin Eda Chang
Apllication Laboratory
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology(JAMSTEC)
3173-25, Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
Sijun Chen
Aquatic Bioscience
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo, 113-8657
Japan
chensijun1991@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Sanae Chiba
RCGC
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology(JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
Gloria Silvana DuranTokyokaiyodai Shinagawa Campus
MinatoMinato, Tokyo 108-0075
Japansilvanadg20@hotmail.com
Yoichi Era
Graduate School of Science and Technology
Kumamoto University
2-39-1 Kurokami
Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8555
Japan
188d8110@st.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
Helena Fortunato
Natural Sciences
Hokkaido University
Kita 10 Nishi 8 Kita-ku
Sapporo, 060-0810
Japan
helenaf@sci.hokudai.ac.jp275

PICES-2018
Gabriel Ruske Freitas
Oceanography
TUMSAT
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo, 1088577
Japan
gabrielruske@gmail.com

Jorge García Molinos
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
Kita-21 Nishi-11 Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japanjorgegmolinos@arc.hokudai.ac.jp

Masahiko Fujii
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science
Hokkaido University
North 10 West 5, Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japanmfujii@ees.hokudai.ac.jp

Yoko Goto
Wakkanai Fisheries Research InstituteHokkaido Research Organization
4-5-15 Suehiro
Wakkanai, Hokkaido 097-0001
Japan
goto-yoko@hro.or.jp

Tetsuo Fujii
Fisheries Agency
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ofJapan
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8907
Japan
tefujii@affrc.go.jp

Chenying Guo
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 2770871
Japan
guochenying@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Yousuke Fujii
Fisheries Distribution and Management
National Fisheries Univercity
2-7-1 Nagatahonmachi
Shimonoseki, 759-6595
Japanfujii@fish-u.ac.jp
Koji Fujita
Takehara Fisheries Research Laboratory,
Hiroshima University
5-8-1 Minato-machi, Takehara
Hiroshima, 725-0024
Japanm174299@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Takashi Fushima
Graduate School of Environment and Information
Sciences
Yokohama National University
79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku
Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa 240-8501
Japanfushima-takashi-nm@ynu.jp276

Ben Harvey
Shimoda Marine Research Center
University of Tsukuba
5-10-1
Shimoda, Shizuoka 415-0025
Japan
harvey.benjaminpaul@gmail.com
Daisuke Hasegawa
Tohoku National Fisheries Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001
Japan
daisukeh@affrc.go.jp
Taketo Hashioka
Marine Ecosystem Dynamics Research Group
Research and Development Center for Global Change,
JAMSTEC
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japanhashioka@jamstec.go.jp

PICES-2018
Kaoru Hattori
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
116 Katsurakoi
Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802
Japankhattori@fra.affrc.go.jp
Kiyotaka Hidaka
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japankhidaka@affrc.go.jp

Taiga Honma
Kagoshima University
Sun City Kisyaba #401, 3-40-8, Shimoarata
Kagoshima, 890-0056
Japan
k4452296@kadai.jp
Sachiko Horii
Graduate School of Agriculture and Bioscience
The University of Tokyo
Room 343, Bldg. 3, 1-1-1 Yayoi Bunkyou-ku
Tokyo, 113-8657
Japan
trichodesmium@icloud.com

Masakazu Higaki
Global Environment and Marine Department
Japan Meteorological Agency
1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, Tokyo 100-8122
Japanhigaki@met.kishou.go.jp

Toyomitsu Horii
Research Management Department
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
15F Queen’s Tower B, 2-3-3 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 2206115
Japan
thorii@affrc.go.jp

Minamo Hirahara
Graduate School of Engineering
Soka University
1-236,Tangi-machi
Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577
Japan
minamo0820@soka.gr.jp

Momoko Ichinokawa
Stock Management Research Center
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA
2-12-4 Hukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japanichimomo@fra.affrc.go.jp

Junya Hirai
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japanhirai@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Hiromichi Igarashi
Geoinformatics Research Department
Center for Earth Information Science and Technology/
JAMSTEC
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
higarashi@jamstec.go.jp

Katsushi Hirano
Graduate School of Biosphere Science
Hiroshima University
1-4-4 Kagamiyama
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511
Japankatsushi3221@gmail.com
Takafumi Hirata
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science
Hokkaido University
N10W5 Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japantahi@ees.hokudai.ac.jp

Akane Iida
Graduate School of Bioscience
Tokai University
3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu
Shizuoka, 424-8610
Japan
8btld001@mail.u-tokai.ac.jp277

PICES-2018

278

Akio Ishida
Department ofof Social and Environmental Studies
Tokoha University
6-1 Yayoi-cho, Suruga-ku
Shizuoka, Shizuoka 422-8581
Japan
ishida@sz.tokoha-u.ac.jp

Shin-ichi Ito
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
goito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Gakushi Ishimura
faculty of Agriculture
Iwate University
3-18-8 Ueda
Morioka, Iwate 0208550
Japan
gakugaku@iwate-u.ac.jp

Sachihiko Itoh
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
itohsach@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Mitsuhiro Ishino
Stock Assessment
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
4-7-321 Sakuragaokajutaku 503-21, Sakuragaoka
Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0805
Japanishinom@fra.affrc.go.jp

Mitsunori Iwataki
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657
Japan
iwataki@anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Joji Ishizaka
Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research
Nagoya University
Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku
Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601
Japanjishizaka@nagoya-u.jp

Siyu Jiang
Atmosphere and Ocean Research InstituteAtmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, 5-1-5
Kashiwan
Kashiwa, chiba 277-8564
Japan
jiangsiyu@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Miho Ishizu
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology(JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan

Masahide Kaeriyama
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
N21W11 Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japan
salmon@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Daiki Ito
Research Center for Fisheries Oceanography andMarineEcosystem
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, FRA
Fukuura 2-12-4, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-8648
Japan

Masaki Kakita
Environmental Engineering
Kyoto University
88-301, Tanakamonzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto
Kyoto, 606-8225
Japan
masakipaso@gmail.com

PICES-2018
Ayumi Kanaya
School of Fisheries Sciene
Hokkaido University
C/O International Education Office, 3-1-1, Minato cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanbowaqua09@gmail.com
Takeru Kanayama
Granverde-kamoike 105, 1-24-6, Kamoike
Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0063
Japantake.kanayama0907@gmail.com
Hitoshi Kaneko
Tohoku National Fisheries Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, 985-0001
Japanjinziren@affrc.go.jp
Fukutaro Karu
Kagoshima University
Shangurira #105 4-21-10 Simoarata, Kagoshima-si
Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056
Japan
k3131095@kadai.jp
Makoto Kashiwai
Fisheries Research Studio “Oyashio-Ya”
B29 Gakusya-Mura, 2961-51 Furu-Machi
Nagawa, Chiisagata Co., Nagano Pref. 386-0603
Japankashiwai@mua.biglobe.ne.jp
Masaya Katoh
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science Japan
Fisheries Research and Education Agency
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japanmkatoh@affrc.go.jp

Osamu Katoh
Japan Sea National Fisheries Research InstituteFisheries Research Agency
1-5939-22 Suido-cho, Chuo-kuSuido-cho
Chuo-ku
Niigata, 951-8121
Japan
tsushima@fra.affrc.go.jp
Sangyeob Kim
Honjo 1
Saga, 840-8502
Japan
ss7252@cc.saga-u.ac.jp
Shingo Kimura
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Chiba, 277-8564
Japans-kimura@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Ken-ichi Kitahara
Graduate School of Science and Technology
Kumamoto University
2-39-1 Kurokami
Kumamoto, Kumamoto 860-8555
Japan
171d8023@st.kumamoto-u.ac.jp
Satoshi Kitajima
Seikai National Fisheries Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
1551-8 Taira-machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213
Japan
kitaji@affrc.go.jp
Masashi Kiyota
Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental
Sciences
Nagasaki University
1-14 Bunkyo-machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521
Japan
m.kiyota@nagasaki-u.ac.jp279

PICES-2018
Toru Kobari
Faculty of Fisheries
Kagoshima University
4-50-20 Shimoarata
Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056
Japankobari@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp

Hiroshi Kuroda
Production Dynamics Group
Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
116 Katsurakoi
Kushiro, Hokkaido 085-0802
Japan
kurocan@affrc.go.jp

Kosei Komatsu
Graduate School of Frontier Sciences
The University of Tokyo
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, 5-1-5
Kashiwan
Kashiwa, 277-8564
Japankosei@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Hiroumi Kuroda
Faculty of Fisheries
Kagoshima University
4-50-20 Shimoarata
Kagoshima, Kagoshima 890-0056
Japan
sas338496@gmail.com

Yusuke Kondo
Graduate School of Biosphere Science
Hiroshima University
1-4-4 Kagamiyama
Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8528
Japanmathematical_goodbye1999@yahoo.co.jp
Michio Kondoh
Graduate School of Life Sciences
Tohoku University
6-3 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku
Sendai, 980-8578
Japan
michio.kondo.b8@tohoku.ac.jp
Naohiro Kosugi
Geochemical Research
Meteorological Research Institute
1-1 Nagamine
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0052
Japan
nkosugi@mri-jma.go.jp
Gen Kume
Faculty of Fisheries
Kagoshima University
4-50-20 Shimoarata
Kagoshima, 8900056
Japan
kume@fish.kagoshima-u.ac.jp
Haruko Kurihara
University of the Ryukyus
1 Senmaru, Nishihara
Okinawa, 9030213
Japan
harukoku@sci.u-ryukyu.ac.jp
280

Shingo Kurosawa
5-10-1
Shimoda, 415-0025
Japanshinkuro@shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp
Ryuji Kuwahara
Research Management Department
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
Queen’s Tower B 15F, 2-3-3 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115
Japan
rkuwa@affrc.go.jp
Xiaoyang LI
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
North 21, West 11, North District
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japan
lixiaoyang@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Dhugal J. Lindsay
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japan
Wai Mun Lum
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
The University of Tokyo
House Todaimae 1-16-24, Mukogaoka, Bunkyo
Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0023
Japan
lumwaimun@yahoo.com

PICES-2018
Hideaki Maki
National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES)
16-2 Onogawa
Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506
Japanhidemaki@nies.go.jp
Mitsutaku Makino
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
mmakino@affrc.go.jp
Eiji Masunaga
Center for Water Environment Studies
Ibaraki University
4-12-1. Nakanarusawa
Hitachi, Ibaraki 316-8511
Japaneiji.masunaga.office@vc.ibaraki.ac.jp
Misako Matsuba
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japan
Misako Matsuba
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology(JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japan
Misako Matsuba
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology(JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japan
Yutaka Michida
AORI, The University of Tokyo
Kashiwanoha 5-1-5
Kashiwa, 2778564
Japan
ymichida@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Shoshiro Minobe
Earth and Planetary Sciences, Graduate School of
Sciences
Hokkaido University
N10W8 Rigaku-8-goukan 3F
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japan
minobe@sci.hokudai.ac.jp
Humio Mitsudera
Institute of Low Temperature Science
Hokkaido University
N19W8 Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0819
Japanhumiom@lowtem.hokudai.ac.jp
Hiroshi Miyake
School of Marine Biosciences
Kitasato University
1-15-1 Kitazato, Minami-ku
Sagamihara , Kanagawa 252-0373
Japan
miyake@kitasato-u.ac.jp
Hiroomi Miyamoto
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
25-259 Shimomekurakubo Same
Hachinohe, Aomori 0310841
Japan
miyamotohiroomi@affrc.go.jp
Mai Miyamoto
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-8646
Japan
maim@affrc.go.jp
Kazushi Miyashita
Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere
Hokkaido University
20-5 Benten-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanmiyashi@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Kazuhiko Mochida
National Research Institute of Fisheries andEnvironment of Inland Sea
Fisheries Research and Education Agency
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452
Japan
kmochida@fra.affrc.go.jp
281

PICES-2018
Takaaki Mori
Fisheries Development
Hokkaido University
203 Corpo Suzuran, 3-15-1, Minato-cho
Hokkaido, Hokkaido 041-0821
Japan
takamori55@eis.hokudai.ac.jp

Toshiya Nakano
Global Environment and Marine
Japan Meteorological Agency
1-3-4 Otemachi, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8122
Japannakano_t@met.kishou.go.jp

Akihiko Murata
RCGC
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061
Japan

Haruhiko Nakata
Graduate School of Science and Technology
Kumamoto University
2-39-1 Kurokami
Kumamoto, 860-8555
Japan
nakatah@kumamoto-u.ac.jp

Takeyoshi Nagai
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Minatoku, Tokyo 108-8477
Japantnagai@kaiyodai.ac.jp

Kento Nakatsugawa
Biological Oceanography
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institution, the Univ.
of Tokyo
201 Rose Garden, 572-108 Toyofuta
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0872
Japan
9378291914@edu.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Yutaro Nagatomo
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
the University of Tokyo
343B, 1-1-1, Yayoi
Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657
Japany-nagatomo@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Kanako Naito
Department of Environment Sciences, Faculty of Lifeand Environmental Scien
Prefectural University of Hiroshima
Nanatsuka 5562, Shobara
Shobara, 727-0023
Japannaito@pu-hiroshima.ac.jp
Ken-ichi Nakamura
Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences
The University of Tokyo
343B, Faculty of Agriculture Bldg. 3, 1-1-1, Yayoi
Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657
Japan
kenichi-nakamura3176@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Yasuhide Nakamura
Department of Botany
National Museum of Nature and Science
Amakubo 4-1-1
Tsukuba, Ibaraki-ken 305-0005
Japan
jasnakamura@gmail.com
282

Kei Nakaya
faculty of fisheries
Kagoshima University
4-5-20 Shimoarata
Kagoshima, Kagoshima 8900056
Japan
keiahorn@icloud.com
Natsuko Nakayama
Harmful Algal Blooms Group
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, 739-0452
Japannnakayama@affrc.go.jp
Noriaki Natori
Graduate School of Engineering
Soka University
1-236,Tangi-machi
Hachioji, Tokyo 192-8577
Japan
natori-soka@soka.gr.jp

PICES-2018
Haruka Nishikawa
Data Research Center for Marine-Earth Sciences
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan

Yumiko Obayashi
Center for Marine Environmental Studies
Ehime University
Bunkyo-cho 3
Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577
Japanobayashi.yumiko.nn@ehime-u.ac.jp

Jun Nishikawa
School of Marine Science and Technology
Tokai University
3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu
Shizuoka, Shizuoka 424-8610
Japan
jun_nishikawa@tokai-u.jp

Fujio Ohnishi
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
Kita-21 Nishi-11 Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japan
fujio.ohnishi@arc.hokudai.ac.jp

Shigeto Nishino
Institute of Arctic Climate and Environment Change
Research (IACE)
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology(JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061

Jumpei Okado
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-choo
Hakodate, 041-8611
Japans02119172c@gmail.com

Bungo Nishizawa
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japannishizawa@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Masami Nonaka
Climate Variability Prediction and Application
Research Group
Application Laboratory, JAMSTEC
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
nona@jamstec.go.jp
Kentaro Note
Graduate School of Biosphere Science
Hiroshima University
207 STMantion 2, 1-4355 Saizyoutyou, Shitami
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-0044
Japan
m183163@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Yuji Okazaki
Fisheries Oceanography and Resources Department
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001
Japanokazakiy@affrc.go.jp
Yumi Okochi
Environmental Management Unit
Japan NUS Co., Ltd.
7-5-25 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku
Tokyo, 160-0023
Japanokochi-y@janus.co.jp
Takeshi OkunishiTohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001
Japanokunishi@affrc.go.jp
Tsuneo Ono
Fisheries Oceanography Group, Oceanic resources
Division
National Research Institute of Far Seas Fisheries, FRA
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-Ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
tono@fra.affrc.go.jp283

PICES-2018
Yoshioki Oozeki
Headquarters
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
15F Queen’s Tower B, 2-3-3 Minato Mirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115
Japan
oozeki@affrc.go.jp
Satoshi Osafune
RCGC
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
2-15 Natsushima-cho
Yokosuka, 237-0061
Japan
Junichiro Otaka
International Science Cooperation Division
Foreign Policy Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs ofJapan
2-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8919
Japanjunichiro.otaka@mofa.go.jp
Kana Otaka
Graduate School of Environment and Information
Sciences
Yokohama National University
1-79 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 14106
Japan
otaka-kana-ct@ynu.jp
Natsuhiko Otsuka
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
North-21, West-6
Sapporo, Hokkaido 0010021
Japan
natsuhiko.otsuka@arc.hokudai.ac.jp
Hitomi Oyaizu
Center for Earth Surface System Dynamics
The University of Tokyo, Atmosphere and Ocean
Research Institute1-5 5-chome, Kashiwa-no-ha
Kashiwa, Chiba 270-8564
Japan

284

Hiroaki Saito
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564
Japan
hsaito@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Sei-Ichi Saitoh
Arctic Research Center
Hokkaido University
N21W11 Kita-Ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021
Japan
ssaitoh@salmon.fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Setsuko Sakamoto
National Research Institute of Fisheries andEnvironment of Inland Sea
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452
Japansssaka@affrc.go.jp
Yasunori Sakurai
Hakodate Cephalopod Research Center
Fisheries and Oceans Hakodate
20-5 Benten-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-0051
Japansakurai@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Yoshikazu Sasai
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-0001
Japan
Hideharu Sasaki
Apllication Laboratory
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
Hiroko Sasaki
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
hirosasaki@affrc.go.jp

PICES-2018
Chiyuki Sassa
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
1551-8 Taira-machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213
Japan
csassa@fra.affrc.go.jp
Haruka Sato
Graduate school of Oceanography
Tokai university
3-20-1 Orido, Shimizu
Shizuoka, 424-8610
Japan
7bkgm009@mail.u-tokai.ac.jp
Takuya Sato
Department of Agriculture
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo, 113-8657
Japan
astakuy@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Takashi Setou
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
Fisheries Research Agency
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-8648
Japansetou@affrc.go.jp
Nozomi Shimizu
7-5-25 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-Ku
Shinjuku, Tokyo 1600023
Japanshimizu-nzm@janus.co.jp
Yugo Shimizu
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
Fisheries Research Agency
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004
Japan
yugo@affrc.go.jp
Shinji Shimode
Graduate School of Environment and Information
Sciences,
Manazuru Marine Ce
Yokohama National University
61 Iwa, Manazuru
Kanagawa, 259-0202
Japanshimode@ynu.ac.jp

Jun Shoji
Takehara Fisheries Research Lab.
Hiroshima University
1-4-4 Kagamiyama
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528
Japanjshoji@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Eko Siswanto
Research and Development Center for Global Change
Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
S. Lan Smith
Research and Development Centre for Global Change
ResearchJapan Agency for Marine-Earth Science andTechnology (JAMSTEC)
3173-25 Showa-machi, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0001
Japan
Sayaka Sogawa
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japan
ssogawa@affrc.go.jp
Ayako Suda
Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan
Fisheries Research
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-8648
Japanayasuda@affrc.go.jp
Ayako Suda
Research Center for Bioinformatics and Biosciences
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Japan
Fisheries Research
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, 236-8648
Japanayako.suda815@gmail.com

285

PICES-2018
Aoi Sugimoto
Fisheries Research and Education Agency
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648
Japan
aois@affrc.go.jp

Kazuaki Tadokoro
Stock Productivity Section
Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
3-27-5 Shinhama-cho
Shiogama, Miyagi 985-0001
Japan
den@affrc.go.jp

Hiroya Sugisaki
Research Management Department
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
Queen’s Tower B 15F, 2-3-3 Minatomirai, Nishi-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 220-6115
Japan
sugisaki@affrc.go.jp

Kazuya Takahashi
Asian Natural Environmental Science Center
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8657
Japanktakahashi@anesc.u-tokyo.ac.jp

Go Suzuki
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
148 Fukai-Ota
Ishigaki, Okinawa 9070451
Japan
gosuzu@fra.affrc.go.jp
Koji Suzuki
Faculty of Environmental Earth Science
Hokkaido University
North 10 West 5, Kita-ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japankojis@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Nobuaki Suzuki
Fisheries Agency
Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries ofJapan
1-2-1 Kasumigaseki, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo, 100-8907
Japannobuaki_suzuki560@maff.go.jp
Toru Suzuki
Marine Information Research Center
Japan Hydrographic Association
1-6-6-6F Hanedakuko
Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-0041
Japan
suzuki@mirc.jha.jp286

Motomitsu Takahashi
Fisheries Management and Oceanography Department
Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, FRA
1551-8 Taira-machi
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 851-2213
Japantakahamt@fra.affrc.go.jp
Emiko Takano
2-47-11-1101 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku
Tokyo, 113-0022
Japandaphniapulex.pearl@nifty.com
Akinori Takasuka
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japantakasuka@affrc.go.jp
Shohei Takemoto
Higashihiroshima city, Saijo Town, Saijohigashi 827-3
Ko-poZenimoto 201 Room
Hiroshima, 739-0042
Japan
m181474@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Shion Takemura
National Research Institute of Fisheries Science
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648
Japanshiontakemura@affrc.go.jp

PICES-2018
Yuki Takemuro
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, 041-8611
Japanyuki-takemuro_kyoto@eis.hokudai.ac.jp

Yuji Terada
Takehara Fisheries Research Station,Hiroshima
University
5-8-1 Minatomachi,Takehara
Hiroshima, 725-0024
Japan
m172635@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

Marika Takeuchi
Department of Ocean Science
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Konan 4-5-7
Konan, Tokyo 1088477
Japan
d162004@edu.kaiyodai.ac.jp

Naoki Tojo
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, 041-8611
Japann.tojo.raven@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Tsutomu Tamura
The Institute of Cetacean Research
4-5 Toyomi, Chuo-ku
Tokyo, 104-0055
Japantamura@cetacean.jp

Naoki Tojo
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, 041-8611
Japann.tojo.raven@fish.hokudai.ac.jp

Shuhei Tanaka
Department of Technology Ecology, Graduate Schoolof Global Environmental Studies
Kyoto University
Yoshidahonmachi, Sakyo-ku
Kyoto, 606-8501
Japan
t-shuhei@eden.env.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Tsutomu Tokeshi
Fishery Research Institute, Miyazaki Prefectural
Government
6-16-3 Aoshima
Miyazaki, 889-2162
Japan
tokeshi901@gmail.com

Takahiro Tanaka
Tohoku National Fisheries Research InstituteFisheries Research and Education Agency
Shinhamacho 3-27-5
Shiogama, Miyagi 9850001
Japan
takahirot@affrc.go.jp

Yuji Tomaru
National Research Institute of Fisheries andEnvironment of Inland Sea, FRA
2-17-5 Maruishi
Hatsukaichi, Hiroshima 739-0452
Japan
tomaruy@affrc.go.jp

Mio Terada
Faculty of Science
Hokkaido University
Kitaku, N10W8, Rigaku 8th Bldg. 302
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japan
mio.terada@sci.hokudai.ac.jp

Hiromichi Ueno
Faculty of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanueno@fish.hokudai.ac.jp287

PICES-2018
Shin-ichi Uye
Graduate School of Biosphere Science
Hiroshima University
4-4 Kagamiyama 1 Chome
Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8528
Japansuye@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Shigeki Wada
Shimoda Marine Research Center
University of Tsukuba
5-10-1
Shimoda, 415-0025
Japanswadasbm@shimoda.tsukuba.ac.jp
Mikio Watai
Research Center for Fisheries Resources
Japan Fisheries Research and Education Agency,
National Research Institute2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku
Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-8648
Japanmwatai@affrc.go.jp
Tomowo Watanabe
Japan Sea National Fisheries Research InstituteJapan Fisheries Research and Education Agency(FRA)
Suido-cho 1-5939-22
Chuou-ku, Niigata, Niigata 951-8121
Japan
wattom@affrc.go.jp
Yutaka Watanuki
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
3-1-1 Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-8611
Japanywata@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Alex S.J. Wyatt
Department of Chemical Oceanography
The University of Tokyo
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, 5-1-5
Kashiwan
Kashiwa, Chiba 2778564
Japanwyatt@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp

288

Atsuko Yamaguchi
Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental
Sciences
Nagasaki University
1-14 Bunkyo
Nagasaki, Nagasaki 852-8521
Japan
y-atsuko@nagasaki-u.ac.jp
Tamaha Yamaguchi
Aquatic Bioscience
The University of Tokyo
1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku
Bunkyo, Tokyo 1130024
Japan
tamaha-yamaguchi@g.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Mitsuo Yamamoto
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Kashiwa, 277-8564
Japan
mitsuo@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Orio Yamamura
Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences
Hokkaido University
Minato-cho
Hakodate, Hokkaido 041-8611
Japanyamamura@fish.hokudai.ac.jp
Hidekatsu Yamazaki
Department of Ocean Sciences
Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo, 108-8477
Japan
hide@kaiyodai.ac.jp
Ichiro Yasuda
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
5-1-5 Kashiwanoha
Chiba, Kashiwa 277-8564
Japanichiro@aori.u-tokyo.ac.jp
Taichi Yonezawa
Japan NUS Co., Ltd.
Nishi-Shinjuku Prime Square 5F
Tokyo, 160-0023
Japanyonezawa-t@janus.co.jp

PICES-2018
Kazuhiro Yoshida
N10W5 Kita-Ku
Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810
Japankyoshida711@ees.hokudai.ac.jp
Takafumi Yoshida
NOWPAP CEARAC
5-5 Ushijima Shin-machi
Toyama, 930-0856
Japanyoshida@npec.or.jp
Naoki Yoshie
Center for Marine Environmental Studies
Ehime University
2-5 Bunkyo-cho
Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577
Japanyoshie.naoki.mm@ehime-u.ac.jp
Kentaro Yoshikawa
Hiroshima University
210-12-12-1, Saijo-tyuoh, Higasihiroshima-si
Hiroshima, 7390025
Japan
m182767@hiroshima-u.ac.jp
Shohei Yoshinaga
Faculty of Fisheries
Kagoshima University
4-5-20 Shimoarata
Kagoshima, Kagoshima 8900056
Japan
yoshinagashohei@gmail.com
Yuji Yoshinaga
Graduate School of Environment and Information
Sciences
Yokohama National University
79-7 tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku
Yokohama-shi, 240-8501
Japanyoshinaga-yuji-jc@ynu.jp

Aleksandr Zavolokin
North Pacific Fisheries Commission
4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku
Tokyo, 1088477
Japan
azavolokin@npfc.int
Yanhui Zhu
Hokkaido University
Nanaehama 3-11-2 Vesna1 205
Hokuto, Hokkaido 0490111
Japan
zhuyanhui0817@eis.hokudai.ac.jp

Korea
Seung Ho Baek
South Sea Research Institute
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok-1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, Rbaeksh@kiost.ac.kr
Minkyoung Bang
Haeyang-ro 385
Busan, 49111
Korea, Rb910111@kiost.ac.kr
Ashley Brereton
Department of Atmospheric Science
Yonsei University
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu
Seoul, 03722
Korea, R
ashbre@noc.ac.uk
Sangchul Cha
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju, 63243
Korea, R
chasc0050@gmail.com

289

PICES-2018
Jin-Woo Choi
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, Rjwchoi@kiost.ac.kr
Jun Choi
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, -- select 49111
Korea, Rmaserati920@gmail.com
Keun-Hyung Choi
Department of Oceanography and Ocean
Environmental Sciences
Chungnam National University
Daehak-ro 99, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34134
Korea, R
keunhchoi@cnu.ac.kr
Sang-Hwa Choi
Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, Rchoish@kiost.ac.kr
Won Keun Choi
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, KS009
Korea, Rdnjsrms@kiost.ac.kr
Yeonju Choi
Atmospheric Sciences
Yonsei University
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu
Seoul, 03722
Korea, R
ywn0709@naver.com
Seonggil Go
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju, KS003
Korea, Rseonggil117@gmail.com
290

HyeJung Han
Library of Marine Samples
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, R
hjhan@kiost.ac.kr
Hyun-Ki Hong
Department of Marine Life Sciences
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju, 690756
Korea, R
hyunki@jejunu.ac.kr
Ji-Seok Hong6, Jejudaehak-ro 7-gil, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju, KS003
Korea, R
jiseok553@gmail.com
Sang Hee Hong
Oil and POPs Research Group
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok-1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, Rshhong@kiost.ac.kr
Seongjin Hong
Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences
Chungnam National University
99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34134
Korea, R
hongseongjin@cnu.ac.kr
Dong-Woon Hwang
Marine Environment Research Division
Natioanl institute of Fisheries Science/Ministry of
Oceans and Fisheries
216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
dwhwang@korea.kr
Jinik Hwang
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology(443-270) 864-1, Lui-dong, Yeongtong-gu
Suwon-si, 443-270
Korea, R
jinike12@snu.ac.kr

PICES-2018
Jun-Ho Hyung
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology
Suwon, Gyeonggi-do
Suwon-si, 443-270
Korea, R
hjh1120@snu.ac.kr
Dong-Hoon Im
Research Institute of Basic Sciences
Incheon National University
504 9th Bldg., 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu
Incheon, 22012
Korea, R
kamnt337@gmail.com
Chan Joo Jang
Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Youngdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
cjjang@kiost.ac.kr
Se Hyeon Jang
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Seoul National University
Room 302, 25-1
Seoul, 08826
Korea, Rsehyun32@snu.ac.kr
Chanhyung Jeon
Inha University
100 Inharo, Incheon
Incheon, 22212
Korea, R
chanhyungjeon@gmail.com
Hee-Dong Jeong
East Sea Fisheries InstituteNational Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), MOF
1194 Haean-ro, Yeongok-Myeon
Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25435
Korea, R
hdjeong@korea.kr
Kwang-Young Jeong
Ocean Research Division
Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency(KHOA)
351 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
kwangyoung@korea.kr

Kim Jeong Hyeon
South Sea Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, R
kimjh88@kiost.ac.kr
Se-Jong Ju
Deep-Sea and Seabed Resources Research Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
sjju@kiost.ac.kr
Hae Kun Jung
Marine Bioscience
Gangneung-Wonju National University
8-23, Jibyeon-gil 18beon-gil
Gangneung-si, Gangwon 25457
Korea, Rsesely@naver.com
Heeseok Jung
Physical Oceanography Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
jhs86@kiost.ac.kr
Seung Won Jung
Library of Marine Samples
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 636-843
Korea, R
diatoms@kiost.ac.kr
Sukgeun Jung
School of Marine Biomedical Sciences
Jeju National University
1 Ara 1-dong, 102 Jejudaehakno
Jeju, 690-756
Korea, Rsukgeun.jung@gmail.com

291

PICES-2018
Jung-Hoon KangSouth Sea Environment Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201
Korea, R
jhkang@kiost.ac.kr
JunSu KangSouth Sea Institute
Korea Institute of Ocean Science a
JinJu, 53201
Korea, R
junsoo1120@kiost.ac.kr
Sukyung Kang
Fisheries Resources Management Division
National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS)
216 Haean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, Rsukyungkang@korea.kr
Eun Joo Kim
Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology
145 Gwanggyo-ro
Suwon-si, 16229
Korea, R
kej1005@snu.ac.kr
Guebuem Kim
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Seoul National University
Gwanak ro-1, Gwanakgu
Seoul, 151-747
Korea, R
gkim@snu.ac.kr
Haryun Kim
Fundamental Research Division
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea
75 Jangsan-Ro
Secheon, Chungnam 33662
Korea, R
kharyun@mabik.re.kr

292

Hyeong-Gi Kim
Dokdo Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)48, Haeyangscience-gil(rd), Jukbyeon-myeon, Uljingun, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea / ZIP:
36315
Korea, R
kimhg@kiost.ac.kr
Hyun Jung Kim
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 655-843
Korea, R
hjkim8845@kiost.ac.kr
Hyun Woo Kim
Cetacean Research InstituteNational Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS)
Jangsaengpogorae-ro 250
Ulsan, 44780
Korea, R
hyunwoo.kim@korea.kr
Jeonghwa Kim
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju, 63243
Korea, R
star0798@jejunu.ac.kr
Kyeong Ok Kim
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
kokim@kiost.ac.kr
Minju Kim
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Jangmok-myon Geoje, Gyeongsangnam-do 53201
Korea, R
minjukim@kiost.ac.kr

PICES-2018
Miran Kim
Survey and Research
National Park Research Institute
Korea National Park Service, Danguro 171
Wonju, Kangwon-do 26441
Korea, R
ruddyduck318@gmail.com

Taewon Kim
Department of Ocean Sciences
Inha University
100 Inharo, Nam-gu
Incheon, 22212
Korea, R
ktwon@inha.ac.kr

Seung-Kyu Kim
Department of Marine Science
Incheon National University
119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu
Incheon, 22012
Korea, Rryohwa98@inu.ac.kr

Yong Sun Kim
Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
yongskim@kiost.ac.kr

So Jin Kim
Seoul National University
Room 302, 25-1
Seoul, 08826
Korea, R
kimsojin9419@snu.ac.kr
Suam Kim
Department of Marine Biology
Pukyong National University559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
suamkim@pknu.ac.kr
Subin Kim
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si
Jeju, Jeju-d 63243
Korea, R
tnqlsdnl@gmail.com
SuHyun Kim
Department of Marine science, College of Natural
Science
Incheon National University(Songdo-dong) 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu
Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 22012
Korea, Rryohwa98@inu.ac.kr
Sung Yong Kim
Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory (EFML)
Department of Mechanical Engineering, KAIST
291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34141
Korea, R
syongkim@kaist.ac.kr

youngsug kim
Marine Environment Research Division
National Institute of Fisheries Science152-1, Haean-ro, Gijang-Up, Gijang-Gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
youngsugkim@korea.kr
Jimin Ko
Oceanographic Forecast Division
Korea Hydrographic and Oceanographic Agency(KHOA)
Haeyang-ro 351, Yeondo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
jmko124@korea.kr
Christina Eunjin Kong
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, Jeju-d 63349
Korea, Rcejkong@kiost.ac.kr
Jun Ho Koo
Marine environment research divison
National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS)
216 GijangHaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
junhokoo@korea.kr

293

PICES-2018
Boram Lee
Marine Biology
Pukyong National University
Daeyeon, Namgu
Busan, KS012
Korea, Rborami5169@naver.com
Chung Il Lee
Department of Marine Bioscience
Gangneung-Wonju National University
7 Jukheon-gil
Gangneung-si, 25457
Korea, R
leeci@gwnu.ac.kr
HeeJee Lee
Incheon National University(Songdo-dong) 119 Academy-ro, Yeonsu-gu
Incheon, 22012
Korea, R
LHJ@inu.ac.kr
Hwa Hyun Lee
Marine Biology
Pukyong National University559-1 Daeyeon-3-dong, Nam-gu
Busan, 608-737
Korea, R
proxima07@hanmail.net
Jae-Hak Lee
Ocean Circulation and Climate Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, Rjhlee@kiost.ac.kr
Joon-Soo Lee
Korea Oceanographic Data Center, Ocean Climate &Ecology
Research Division
National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), MOF
216 Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun
Busan, 46083
Korea, R
leejoonsoo@korea.kr

294

Kitack Lee
Division of Environmental Science and Engineering
Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)
San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu
Pohang, 790-784
Korea, R
ktl@postech.ac.kr
Kyunghwan Lee
Department of Fisheries Science
National University College of Ocean Science
Jejudaechaklo Jeju 4
Jeju, 63243
Korea, R
kyunghwan034@naver.com
KyungJae Lee
School of Earth and evironmental sciences
Seoul National University
Shinan Moran Apt., 1152 dong, 1701 ho
Gunpo, Kyung-ki Do 15822
Korea, R
browneyed1221@gmail.com
Min young Lee
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
jeju, 63243
Korea, R
leemy4698@jejunu.ac.kr
Minuk Lee
Pukyong National University
Yonso-ro, Nam-gu
Busan, 48513
Korea, R
oh10won@naver.com
Seung-Woo Lee
Seoul National University
1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu
Seoul, 08826
Korea, R
lsw7227@naver.com
Taehee Lee
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, 63349
Korea, Rthlee@kiost.ac.kr

PICES-2018
Hye-Won Moon
Marine Bio-Resources and Information Center
National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea
Jangsan-ro 101-75, Janghang-eup
Seochun, 33663
Korea, R
hwmoon@mabik.re.kr

Yign Noh
Atmospheric Sciences
Yonsei University
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu
Seoul, 03722
Korea, R
noh@yonsei.ac.kr

Jae-Hong Moon
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si
Jeju, Jeju-d 63243
Korea, R
jhmoon@jejunu.ac.kr

Hyejin Ok
Department of Atmospheric Sciences
Yonsei University
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu
Seoul, 03722
Korea, R
imok333@yonsei.ac.kr

Joongho Moon
385 Hanyang-ro, Youngdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
jhmoon84@kiost.ac.kr
Seung Joo Moon
Advanced Institues of Convergence Technology
C415, AICT, 145,Gwanggyo-ro
Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16229
Korea, Rsjmoon04@snu.ac.kr
Hanna Na
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Seoul National University
1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu
Seoul, 08826
Korea, R
hanna.ocean@snu.ac.kr
SungHyun Nam
School of Earth and Environmental Sciences
Seoul National University
Gwanak ro-1, Gwanakgu
Seoul, 08826
Korea, Rnamsh@snu.ac.kr
SuYun Noh
Seoul National University
Gwanak-ro 1, Gwanak-gu
Seoul, 08826
Korea, R
synoh0117@gmail.com

Chailinn Park
Global Ocean Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)KIOST, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
chailinn@kiost.ac.kr
Chul Park
Department of Oceanography
Chungnam National University
99 Daehangro, Yuseong-gu
Daejeon, 34134
Korea, R
chulpark@cnu.ac.kr
GwangSeob Park
Jeju Environmental Research Section
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
2670 Iljudong-ro, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, 63349
Korea, R
gspark@kiost.ac.kr
Joo Myun Park
Marine Bioscience
Gangneung-Wonju National University
7 Jukheon-gil
Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25457
Korea, Rjoomyun@gmail.com

295

PICES-2018
Tae Gyu Park
Southeast Sea Fisheries Research InstituteNational Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS)
Younwoon-ri 361, Sanyang-eup
Tongyeong, 53085
Korea, Rtaegyupark@korea.kr

Wonjoon ShimSouth Sea Research Institute
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok-1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 656-834
Korea, R
wjshim@kiost.ac.kr

Young-Gyu Park
Physical Oceanography Division
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)787 Haean-roAnsan, 15627
Korea, R
ypark@kiost.ac.kr

Hyoung Chul Shin
Division of Strategy and Cooperation
Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI)
26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu
Incheon, 21990
Korea, R
hcshin@kopri.re.kr

SM Mustafizur Rahman
Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do
Kyungpook National University
80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu
Daegu, Gyeongsangbuk-do 41566
Korea, R
mustafizraj@gmail.com

Jong Seop Shin
College of Ocean Sciences
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do
Jeju , 63243
Korea, R
whdtjqtls@jejunu.ac.kr

Jin-Young Seo
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, R
jyseo@kiost.ac.kr

Kyoungsoon ShinSouth Sea Research Institute
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
41 Jangmok 1-gil, Jangmok-myon
Geoje, 53201
Korea, R
ksshin@kiost.ac.kr

Seongbong Seo
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
385 Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, Rsbseo@kiost.ac.kr
Jeong Hee Shim
Marine Resources and Environment Department
East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, NIFS
1194 Haean-ro, Yeongok-Myeon
Gangneung-si, Gangwon-do 25435
Korea, Rjshim@korea.kr

Young Baek Son
940-3 Haengwon-ri, Gujwa-eup
Jeju, 695-975
Korea, R
sonyb@kiost.ac.kr
Hajoon SongDepartment of Atmospheric Sciences
Yonsei University
50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu
Seoul, 03722
Korea, R
hajsong@yonsei.ac.kr
Jin Wook SongDepartment of Earth and Marine Sciences,
Jeju National University
102 Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si
Jeju, 63243
Korea, Rjwsong8534@jejunu.ac.kr

296

PICES-2018
Seonock Woo
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)
Youngdo-gu, Haeyangro 385
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
cwoo@kiost.ac.kr
Hyunjin Yoon
Global Ocean Research Center
Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology(KIOST)KIOST, 385, Haeyang-ro, Yeongdo-gu
Busan, 49111
Korea, R
hyunjin@kiost.ac.kr

Nigeria
Samuel Olumide Akande
Centre for Space Research and Applications
Federal University of Technology, Akure
PMB 704, Akure, \FITA Cmapus
Akure, Ondo State 234-340001
Nigeria
soakande@futa.edu.ng
Chika Bright Ikele
Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology
University of Nigeria
No. 15a Isiuja Village
Nsukka, Enugu 410110
Nigeriabrightikelec@gmail.com
Chika Bright Ikele
Zoology and Environmental Biology
University of Nigeria
No 15 a isiuja street Nsukka
Nsukka, Enugu 410001
Nigeriabrightikelec@gmail.com

NorwayHein Rune Skjoldal
Institute of Marine Research
Nordnesgaten 50
Bergen, NO-5817
Norwayhein.rune.skjoldal@hi.no

Pakistan
Iftikhar Ali
Ittefaq Traders
ModernAge Church Road E-Block
Okara, Punjab 56300
Pakistan
ittefaqtraderz@gmail.com

RussiaAndrey G. Andreev
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiaandreev@poi.dvo.ru
Nadezhda L. Aseeva
Fisheries Resources of the Far Eastern Seas
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, 690091
Russiaaseeva_n@hotmail.com
Iana Blinovskaia
Safety in Emergency Situation and Environmental
Protection
Far Eastern Federal University
8 Sukhnova St.
Vladivostok, 690003
Russiablinovskaya@hotmail.com
Evgeny A. Boltnev
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography(VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiaievo.bolt@gmail.com
Galina Borisenko
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690950
Russiavera_borisenko@mail.ru
297

PICES-2018
Alexandra I. Chistyakova
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (KamchatNIRO)
18 Naberedzhnaya St.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000
Russiasasha34_72@mail.ru
Tatiana Dautova
National Scientific Centre of Marine Biology, FEB
RAS, FEFU
17 Palchevskogo St.
Vladivostok, 690041
Russiatndaut@mail.ru
Larissa A. Gayko
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiagayko@yandex.ru
Oleg N. Katugin
Division for International Scientific Cooperation
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690090
Russiaoleg.katugin@tinro-center.ru
Anastasia M. Khrustaleva
Department of Pacific Salmon
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiamailfed@mail.ru
Kirill Kivva
Climatic Bases of Biological Productivity Laboratory
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiakirill.kivva@gmail.com

298

Vladimir V. Kulik
Laboratory for Fishing statistics and databases
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiavladimir.kulik@tinro-center.ru
Denis Kurnosov
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
St. Postysheva 43-22
Vladivostok, 690033
Russiadenkurnos@mail.ru
Vyacheslav B. Lobanov
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russialobanov@poi.dvo.ru
Olga N. Lukyanova
Laboratory of Fisheries Oceanography
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690950
Russiaolga.lukyanova@tinro-center.ru
Svetlana S. Marchenko
Department of Oceanology
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiasvetikvirginy@mail.ru
Andrei Matveev
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (KamchatNIRO)
Naberejnaya Str., 18
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000
Russiamatveev.a.a@kamniro.ru

PICES-2018
Oxana Mikhailova
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (KamchatNIRO)
Naberejnaya Str., 18
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000
Russiamikhailova.o.g@kamniro.ru

Olga Novikova
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (KamchatNIRO)
18 Naberezhnaya St.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Kamchatka 683000
RussiaNovikova.o.v@kamniro.ru

Ferdenant A. Mkrtchyan
Department of Informatics
Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics, RAS
1 Vvedensky Sq.
Fryazino, 141190
Russiaferd47@mail.ru

Svetlana Orlova
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiakordicheva@rambler.ru

Georgiy S. Moiseenko
Satellite Monitoring Laboratory
Russian Federal Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (VNIRO)
17 V. Krasnoselskaya St.
Moscow, 107140
Russiageorgem@vniro.ru
Valentina V. Moroz
Russian Academy of Sciences, Far-Eastern Branch
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiamoroz@poi.dvo.ru
Vadim V. Navrotsky
Department of General Oceanology
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiavnavr@poi.dvo.ru
Roman N Novikov
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (KamchatNIRO)
18 Naberezhnaya St.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000
Russianovikov.r.n@kamniro.ru

Tatiana Yu. Orlova
Laboratory of Marine microbiota
National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, FEB
RAS
17 Palchevskogo St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiatorlova06@mail.ru
Evgeniy Ovsyannikov
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, 690091
Russiaevgeniy.ovsyannikov@tinro-center.ru
Nadezhda A. Rastyagaeva
Kamchatka Research Institute of Fisheries andOceanography (KamchatNIRO)
18 Naberezhnaya St.
Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, 683000
Russiavirona_n@mail.ru
Konstantin A. Rogachev
Ocean Physics Department
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiarogachev@poi.dvo.ru

299

PICES-2018
Natalia I. RudykhLaboratory of Ocean Information and Ocean
Monitoring
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiarudykh@poi.dvo.ru
Igor I. Shevchenko
Department of Information Technology
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690950
Russiaigor@tinro.ru
Elena A. Shtraikhert
V.I. Il´ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiastraj@poi.dvo.ru
Mikhail A. Stepanenko
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiamikhail.stepanenko@tinro-center.ru
Olga O. Trusenkova
Laboratory of Physical Oceanography
V.I. Il’ichev Pacific Oceanological Institute (POI),FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiatrolia@poi.dvo.ru
Elena I. Ustinova
Laboratory of Fisheries Oceanography
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiaeustinova@mail.ru

300

Anna Vazhova
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690091
Russiaanna.vazhova@gmail.com
Galina A. Vlasova
Pacific Oceanological Institute, FEB RAS
43 Baltiyskaya St.
Vladivostok, Primorsky Kray 690041
Russiagavlasova@mail.ru
Natalia Zuenko
Admiral Spiridonov St. 15, Apt. 200
Vladivostok, 690013
Russianatasha_zuenko@mail.ru
Yury I. Zuenko
Fisheries Oceanography
Pacific Scientific Research Fisheries Center (TINROCenter)
4 Shevchenko Alley
Vladivostok, 690091
Russiazuenko_yury@hotmail.com

Thailand
Udomlack Peansukwech
Biostatistic
Faculty of pubic health khonkaen university
Khonkaen university thailand 40002
Khonkaen, 40002
Thailandudomlackp@kkumail.com

U.S.A.
Rachel Arnold
Northwest Indian College2522 Kwina Rd., Northwest Indian College
Bellingham, WA 98226
U.S.A.
rarnold@nwic.edu

PICES-2018
Matthew Baker
North Pacific Research Board (NPRB)
1007 West Third Ave., Suite 100
Anchorage, AK 99501
U.S.A.
Matthew.Baker@nprb.org
Cheryl L. Barnes
Fisheries
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
cheryl.barnes@alaska.edu
Jack A. Barth
College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences(CEOAS)
Oregon State University
104 CEOAS Admin. Bldg.
Corvallis, OR 97331-5503
U.S.A.
jack.barth@oregonstate.edu
Brian Robert Beckman
Northwest Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
2725 Montlake Blvd. E
Seattle, WA 98112
U.S.A.
brian.beckman@noaa.gov
Steven J. Bograd
Environmental Research Division
NOAA NMFS SWFSC
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Monterey, CA 93940
U.S.A.
steven.bograd@noaa.gov
Annalisa Bracco
Program Ocean Science & Engineering
Georgia Institute of Technology
311 Ferst Dr.
Atlanta, GA 30332-0340
U.S.A.
abracco@gatech.edu
Richard D. Brodeur
Fish Ecology, HMSC
National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov

Antonietta Capotondi
CIRES
University of Colorado
325 Broadway
Boulder, CO 80305
U.S.A.
Antonietta.Capotondi@noaa.gov
Yong Chen
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
5706 Aubert Hall
Orono, ME 04469
U.S.A.
ychen@maine.edu
William P. Cochlan
Estuary & Ocean Science Center
San Francisco State University
3150 Paradise Dr.
Tiburon, CA 94920-1205
U.S.A.
cochlan@sfsu.edu
Guido Corno
European Union
160 Garfield PlaceBrooklyn, 11215
U.S.A.
guido.corno@gcca.eu
Keith R. Criddle
Juneau Center for Fisheries and Ocean Science
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
kcriddle@alaska.edu
Jessica Cross
PMEL
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
jessica.cross@noaa.gov
Enrique N. Curchitser
Environmental Sci./Institute of Marine and Coastal
Sci.
Rutgers University
14 College Farm Rd.
New Brunswick, NJ 08901
U.S.A.
enrique@marine.rutgers.edu

301

PICES-2018
Jeanette Davis
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
1315 East-West Highway
Silver Spring, MD 20910-3282
U.S.A.
jeanette.davis@noaa.gov
Kristen A Davis
Civil & Environmental Engineering
University of California, Irvine
E4130 Engineering Gateway
Irvine, CA 92617
U.S.A.
davis@uci.edu
Gerard Thomas DiNardo
Fisheries Resources Division
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Gerard.DiNardo@noaa.gov
Christopher A. Edwards
Ocean Sciences
University of California
1156 High St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95065
U.S.A.
cedwards@ucsc.edu
Lisa B. Eisner
TSMRI/Auke Bay Laboratories
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
lisa.eisner@noaa.gov
Emily Farr
155 V St. NE
Washington, DC 20002
U.S.A.
emilyfarr92@gmail.com
Ron Felthoven
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
ron.felthoven@noaa.gov

302

Jerome Fiechter
Ocean Sciences Department
University of California Santa Cruz
1156 High St.
Santa Cruz, CA 95064
U.S.A.
fiechter@ucsc.edu
Jennifer Lea Fisher
Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies,
HMSC
Oregon State University
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
Jennifer.Fisher@oregonstate.edu
Jeanette C. Gann
Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment Alaska
Fisheries Science
Center, NMFS,
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
jeanette.gann@noaa.gov
Siri Hakala
Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
1845 Wasp Blvd.
Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
siri.hakala@noaa.gov
Alex Harper
Central & Northern California Ocean Observing
System(CeNCOOS)
MBARI
7700 Sandholdt Road
Moss Landing, CA 95039
U.S.A.
Alan C. Haynie
NOAA Alaska Fisheries Science Center
Bldg. 4, 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Alan.Haynie@noaa.gov

PICES-2018
Elliott Lee Hazen
Environmental Research Division
Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NMFS,NOAA
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Monterey, CA 93940
U.S.A.
elliott.hazen@noaa.gov
Albert J. Hermann
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere andOcean (JISAO)
University of Washington
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Anne B. Hollowed
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
Anne.Hollowed@noaa.gov
Kirstin Kari Holsman
AFSC
NOAA Fisheries
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
kirstin.holsman@noaa.gov
Russell R. Hopcroft
Institute of Marine Science
University of Alaska
P.O. Box 757220
Fairbanks, AK 99775
U.S.A.
rrhopcroft@alaska.edu
Evan A. Howell
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center
1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
evan.howell@noaa.gov

George Lester Hunt
School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences
University of Washington2929 First Ave. 1207
Seattle, WA 98121
U.S.A.
glhunt@uci.edu
Kym Corporon Jacobson
Fish Ecology
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA,
Hatfield Marine Science Cen
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
kym.jacobson@noaa.gov
Michael Jacox
Environmental Research Division
NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Monterey, CA 93940
U.S.A.
michael.jacox@noaa.gov
Youngji Joh
311 Ferst Dr.
Atlanta, GA 30332
U.S.A.
youngji.joh@gmail.com
Stephen Kasperski
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
National Marine Fisheries Service
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
stephen.kasperski@noaa.gov
Julie E. Keister
School of Oceanography
University of Washington
Box 357940
Seattle, WA 98195
U.S.A.
jkeister@u.washington.edu
Gordon H. Kruse
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences
University of Alaska Fairbanks
17101 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
Gordon.Kruse@alaska.edu
303

PICES-2018
Meredith Kurz
Ocean Acidification Program
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)
1525 E Falkland Ln Apt. 145
Silver Spring, 20910
U.S.A.
meredith.kurz@noaa.gov
Carol Ladd
Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Carol.Ladd@noaa.gov
James Jensen Leichter
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
University of California San DiegoSIO 0227, 9500 Gilman Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92093
U.S.A.
jleichter@ucsd.edu
Dan Lew
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
Dan.Lew@noaa.gov
Hui Liu
TAMU Galveston Marine Biology
Texas A&M University at Galveston
P.O. Box 1675
Galveston, TX 77553
U.S.A.
liuh@tamug.edu
Elizabeth A. Logerwell
Resource Assessment and Conservation Engineering
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115-6349
U.S.A.
Libby.Logerwell@noaa.gov

304

Lev Braxton Looney
School of Earth, Ocean, and Environment
University of South Carolina
8700 Melwood Lane
Richmond, VA 23229
U.S.A.
llooney@email.sc.edu
Jacek Maselko
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries Service
17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
Jacek.Maselko@noaa.gov
Galen A. McKinley
Earth and Environmental Sciences
Columbia University / Lamont Doherty Earth
Observatory
61 Route 9W
Palisades, NY 10964-1707
U.S.A.
mckinley@ldeo.columbia.edu
William Michaels
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)
1315 East-West Hwy
Silver Spring, 20910
U.S.A.
william.michaels@noaa.gov
Kelly Montenero
NOAA Coral Management Fellowship
3109 Grand Ave. 528
Miami, FL 33133
U.S.A.
montenero@uwalumni.com
Barbara Muhling
UCSC
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
San Diego, 92037
U.S.A.
Barbara.Muhling@noaa.gov
Mark W. Nelson
NOAA Fisheries
4083 NE 197th St.
Lake Forest Park, WA 98155
U.S.A.
mark.nelson@noaa.gov

PICES-2018
Josep V. Planas
Biological and Ecosystem Science Program
International Pacific Halibut Commission
2320 West Commodore Way, Suite 300
Seattle, WA 98199-1287
U.S.A.
josep@iphc.int
Bo QiuDepartment ofof Oceanography
University of Hawaii at Manoa
1000 Pope Rd.
Honolulu, HI 96822
U.S.A.
bo@soest.hawaii.edu
Chris Rooper
RACE Division
NMFS-Alaska Fishery Science Center
NOAA NMFS AFSC RACE, 7600 Sand Point Way
NE, Bldg. 4
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
chris.rooper@noaa.gov
Kenneth A. Rose
Horn Point Lab
University of Maryland Ctr for Env Sci
P.O. Box 775
Cambridge, MD 21613
U.S.A.
krose@umces.edu
Rosa Melida Runcie
Fisheries Resources Division
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration(NOAA)
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
Rosa.Runcie@noaa.gov
Ryan R. Rykaczewski
Department of Biological Sciences
University of South Carolina
715 Sumter St., Earth & Water Sciences
Columbia, SC 29208
U.S.A.
ryk@sc.edu

Erin Vera Satterthwaite
NOAA
99 Pacific St., Suite 255A
Monterey , CA 93940
U.S.A.
evsatterthwaite@ucdavis.edu
Matthew Savoca
Department of Biology, Hopkins Marine Station
Stanford University
120 Ocean View Blvd.
Pacific Grove, CA 93950
U.S.A.
msavoca13@gmail.com
Franklin B. Schwing
Office of Science and Technology
NOAA Fisheries Service
1315 East-West Hwy
Silver Spring, MD 20910
U.S.A.
franklin.schwing@noaa.gov
Michael P. Seki
NOAA Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center
Daniel K. Inouye Regional Center
Directors Suite, 1845 Wasp Blvd., Bldg. 176
Honolulu, HI 96818
U.S.A.
Michael.Seki@noaa.gov
Elizabeth Calvert Siddon
Ecosystem Monitoring and Assessment
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA
17109 Pt. Lena Loop Rd.
Juneau, 99801
U.S.A.
Elizabeth.Siddon@noaa.gov
Samantha Siedlecki
Marine Sciences
University of Connecticut
1080 Shennecossett Rd.
Groton, CT 06340
U.S.A.
samantha.siedlecki@uconn.edu
Robert Suryan
Alaska Fisheries Science Center
NOAA Fisheries
Auke Bay Laboratories, Ted Stevens Marine ResearchInst
Juneau, AK 99801
U.S.A.
rob.suryan@noaa.gov
305

PICES-2018
William J. Sydeman
Farallon Institute
Suite Q, 101 H St.
Petaluma, CA 94952
U.S.A.
wsydeman@faralloninstitute.org
Steven L.H. Teo
Fisheries Resources Division
Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC), NMFS,
NOAA
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
steve.teo@noaa.gov

Sarah Pence Wise
NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Science Center
Bldg. 4, 7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
sarah.wise@noaa.gov

Desiree Tommasi
University of California Santa Cruz/NOAA SWFSC
8901 La Jolla Shores Dr.
La Jolla, CA 92037
U.S.A.
desiree.tommasi@noaa.gov

Stephani G. Zador
Resource Ecology and Ecosystem Management
Alaska Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA
7600 Sand Point Way NE, Bldg. 4
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.
stephani.zador@noaa.gov

Vera L. Trainer
Northwest Fisheries Science Center, NMFS, NOAA
2725 Montlake Blvd. E
Seattle, WA 98112
U.S.A.
Vera.L.Trainer@noaa.gov

Samantha Zeman
Oregon State University
2030 SE Marine Science Dr.
Newport, OR 97365
U.S.A.
zemans@oregonstate.edu

Kristy Wallmo
NOAA Fisheries
NMFS Science and Technology/ST5
SSMC III, F/ST5/12306, 1315 East West Hwy.
Silver Spring, MD 20910
U.S.A.
kristy.wallmo@noaa.gov
Rui Wang
Old Dominion University
Room 3109A, Physical Science Bldg., 4402 Elkhorn
Ave.
Norfolk, VA 23508-1553
U.S.A.
librareally@163.com
Mark L. Wells
School of Marine Sciences
University of Maine
5741 Libby Hall
Orono, ME 04469
U.S.A.
mlwells@maine.edu

306George A. Whitehouse
Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere andOcean (JISAO)
University of Washington
7600 Sand Point Way NE
Seattle, WA 98115
U.S.A.

UgandaIsmael Mayambala Bakungu
Nature Our Uganda
Plot 17 Busabala Road Najjanankumbi
Kampala, kampala +256
Ugandaabratoursandtravel@gmail.com
Sulaiman Rashid Kizito
GreenLife Uganda
Plot 104 Katuuso Road Buziga
Kampala, kampala +256
Ugandamukabbe@gmail.com
Jalier Nakkazi
GreenLife Uganda
Plot 104 Katuuso Road Buziga
Kampala, kampala +256
Ugandapatiencebabone@gmail.com

PICES-2018

United Kingdom
Muhammad Naveed Arshad
Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural
Studies
Aberystwyth University
35 Heol Alun, Waun Fawr
Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3BB
United Kingdom
chand_naveed@yahoo.com
Silvana N.R. Birchenough
Marine Climate Change Centre
Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture
Science (CEFAS)
Cefas Laboratory, Pakefield Rd.
Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT
United Kingdom
Jason Michael Hall-Spencer
Marine Biology and Ecology Research Centre
University of Plymouth
Drake’s Circus
Plymouth, PL4 7NL
United Kingdom
jhall-spencer@plymouth.ac.uk
Abigail Lyn McQuatters-Gollop
Plankton and Policy Research GroupPlymouth University
Drake’s Circus
Plymouth, PL4 8AA
United Kingdom
abigail.mcquatters-gollop@plymouth.ac.uk

307

PICES-2018

308

PICES-2018

Author IndexA
Abe, Hiroto
42, 168
Abe, Keita
64
Abo, Katsuyuki 137
Aderhold, Donna
7
Afanasiev, Pavel K.
208
Agostini, Sylvain 73, 74
Aguilar-Islas, Ana
198
Ahn, Hyojin
72
Ahn, In-young
71
Aita, Maki N.
134
Aita-Noguchi, Maki 19, 154, 157
Akande, Samuel O.
240
Akinori, Takasuka 160
Akita, Tetsuya 89
Alabia, Irene 75, 78
Alexander, Michael 7
Alferov, Andrey
201
Aliah, Ratu Siti 103
Alin, Simone R. 68
Allen, Susan
44
Ambe, Daisuke
223, 225
Anderson, Leif 70, 147
Andreev, Andrey G.
38
Andrews, Alex 78, 85
Antonenko, Dmitry 22
Antonov, Nikolay 48
Aoki, Kazuhiro
158, 226
Aonuma, Yoshimasa 208
Aoyama, Michio 177
Araki, Hitoshi
9Ara, Koichi
137
Archer, Stephanie K. 31
Arimitsu, Mayumi 7, 185
Arnold, Rachel J.
205
Arthur, Robert S. 53, 56
Aseeva, Nadezhda 252
Atkinson, Angus
109
Auth, Toby D.
79
Aydin, Kerim 6, 12, 50
Azanza, Rhodora 247, 251

BBaba, Norio
258
Bae, J. H.
239
Baek, Seung Ho 189, 190
Baitaliuk, Alexei A. 208
Baker, Matthew R. 77
Baliarsingh, S.K. 110
Bang, Minkyoung 169
Ban, Natalie C. 102
Barbeaux, Steven 186
Barrette, Jessy
231

Barth, John A.
55
Basyuk, Eugeny
37
Batten, Sonia 7, 24, 132, 181
Beardall, John 245
Beckman, Brian 49
Bedford, Jacob
109
Bednarsek, Nina
68
Belan, Tatyana 213
Beleneva, Irina 254
Belluz, Justin A. Del Bel 170
Bendell, Leah 109
Benico, Garry
247, 251
Bentlage, Bastian 120
Bernard, Kim
14Best, Mike
109
Bi, Hongsheng
15
Blasiak, Robert 17
Blinovskaia, Iana 65
Blondheim, Olivia N. 14
Bograd, Steven J.
6
Boldt, Jennifer L. 153, 181
Boltnev, Evgeniy Aleksandrovich 198
Borisenko, Galina S.
218
Borisov, Boris 213
Bos, Julia
11
Bosley, Keith
153
Boyarova, Margarita D. 107
Bozec, Yves-Marie 30
Bracco, Annalisa 41
Breckenridge, Joanne K. 150
Brereton, Ashley 55
Bresnan, Eileen 109
Brigham, Lawson
128
Brodeur, Richard D.
14, 79, 122, 123
Brodie, Stephanie 7
Brovchenko, Igor
224
Brown, Christopher J.
257
Buchanan, John C.
122
Buckley, Troy W. 122
Budyansky, Maxim V.
38
Bugaev, Alexandr V. 241
Buil, Mercedes Pozo 7
Bulatov, Oleg 48
Burden, Merrick
64
Burrows, Michael T. 257
Busby, Morgan 83
Bychkov, Alexander 132

C
Cai, Wei-Jun 70
Callendar, Wendy
69
Capotondi, Antonietta 44
Carol
10
Carter, Brendan R. 68
Causey, Douglas
10Chai, Fei 52, 164
Chandler, Peter 132
Chang, Chun-Wei 49
309

PICES-2018
Chang, Yu-Lin Eda 35
Chan, Leo Lai 110
Chao, Yi
164
Cha, Sang-Chul
228
Chen, Baoshan
70Chen, Bijuan 112
Chen, Bin
33, 63, 244
Chen, Guanyu
76
Cheng, Wei 12Chen, Hong
115
Chen, Jianfang
70Chen, Jie
238, 254
Chen, Liqi 70, 114, 127
Chen, Manchun
61, 108
Chen, Min
70
Chen, Ning
91
Chen, Shang
64
Chen, Shuiming 35
Chen, Sijun 191
Chen Xiao
195
Chen, Xinjun
62, 81, 101
Chen, Yong62, 88, 91, 101
Chen, Yunlong 244
Chen, Zehao 25
Cheung, Wei 6
Cheung, William W.L. 128, 134
Chiba, Sanae 134
Chimura, Masayuki 180
Chistyakova, Alexandra I. 241
Cho, Boong-ho 71
Choi, Hee Chan230
Choi, Jin-Woo
243, 246
Choi, Jun
40, 41Choi, Jung Hwa
257
Choi, Junwoo
225
Choi, Kwang-Sik
212
Cho, In-Young 162
Choi, Wonkeun 135
Choi, Yeonju 54
Cho, Yang-Ki
226Cho, Young-Ghan
212
Christakos, George
218
Christian, James R. 67, 69
Chu, Jackson W.F. 32
Chung, Ming-Tsung 212
Cochlan, William P.
72
Cohen, Anne L.
53
Coletti, Heather 7
Collins, Allen 120
Cone, Roger D. 199
Cook, Kathryn
109
Corrales-Ugalde, Marco 123
Costa, Maycira 51
Couture, Jennifer 64
Criddle, Keith R. 104
Cross, Jessica N. 68
Cui, Zhengguo
112
Cullen, Jay
13
310

D
Dai, Fangqun
244
Dai, Xinfeng
52, 110Danielson, Seth7, 198Dan, Jingzhu
146Davidson, Fiona
162
Davis, Kristen A.
53
Dean, Thomas 7
Deary, Ali
78
DeCarlo, Thomas M. 53
Deng, Fangfang
112
Deutsch, Curtis
223
Devlin, Michelle 109
Dewar, Heidi 90
Deyle, Ethan R 49
Di, Baoping
113
Di Lorenzo, Emanuele 6, 45
Dickson, Andrew G.
68
DiNardo, Gerard
90
Ding, Qi
62
Doi, Toshimasa
58
Dong, Zhijun
113
Dosser, Hayley V. 14, 171
Doubell, Mark60, 174
Dower, John F. 15, 140, 207
Drake, Patrick T.
46
Draper, Douglas L.
122
Dubina, Vyacheslav 38
Dudkov, Sergey P. 218
Du, Feiyan
94, 95, 96, 114
Duffy-Anderson, Janet 78, 83
Du, Jianguo
25
Du, Jinqiu
214
Dunham, Anya
31
Duran, Gloria S.
167
Dwey, Richard 167
Dykstra, Claude L. 241, 242

E
Ebuchi, Naoto 42
Eddy, Tyler D.
24
Edwards, Christopher A.
13, 46, 118
Efimova, Kseniya
254
Eisner, Lisa 10, 85, 97
Endo, Hisashi
161
Era, Yoichi 253
Eresanya, E.O.
240
Espinasse, Boris
24, 170
Etnier, Michael A.
186

F
Faig, Amanda 6
Fan, Jingfeng
214
Fan, Zhenhua
153
Feely, Richard A. 68, 70
Feiyan, Du
195
Feng, Song124, 234

PICES-2018
Fiechter, Jerome 13, 46, 118, 198
Figurkin, Alexander 116
Fine, Isaac
69
Fisher, Jennifer 15 , 141
Fladmark, Vanessa R.
27
Foloni-Neto, Herminio 60
Forrest, Robyn
153
Fraser, Tamara 121
Freitas, Gabriel R. 192
Fringer, Oliver 53, 56
Fu, Caihong
22, 80, 136
Fugate, Corey
78
Fujii, Masahiko 71
Fujii, Naoki 240
Fujii, Shigeo 246
Fujii, Yosuke
36
Fujii, Yousuke
145
Fujikura, Katsunori 206, 251
Fujita, Isao
39
Fujita, Koji 255
Fujita, Rod 64
Fujita, Toshihiko 233
Fujiwara, Atushi 89
Fukushima, Hideto 252
Fu, Lee-Lueng 35
Funamoto, Tetsuichiro 8
Furio, Elsa 251
Furue, Ryo
36
Furuya, Ken
189, 193, 216
Fushima, Takashi 236

G
Galbraith, Moira 121, 139
Gale, Katie S.P.
32
Gann, Jeanette 132
Gao, Hui
27
Gao, Kunshan
70, 245
Gao, Yangchun
86
Gao, Zhongyong
70, 127
García-Comas, Carmen 18
García-Reyes, Marisol 185
Gayko, Larissa A.
223, 258
Geernaert, Tracee 241
Genin, Amatzia 96
Georgian, Samuel 32
Gibson, Georgina A.
12
Glebova, S.Yu. 227
Glushenko, Daniil
131
Godbold, Jasmin A.
34
Goddard, Pam 32
Gong, Gwo-Ching
18, 138
Gordeev, Ilya I.
208
Gorin, Igor
119
Go, Seonggil
99, 100
Goswami, Virendra 115
Goto, Yoko 142
Gove, Jamison
29
Gowen, Richard 109

Gritsay, Elena V. 202
Grossmann, Mary
120
Guan, Chunjiang
111
Guan, Chunjinag
249
Guan, Daoming
214
Guan, Lisha
247
Guan, Lu 167, 207
Guo, Chenying
8, 83
Guo, Hao 111
Guo, Xinyu 59, 172, 178
Gu, Yangguang 96

H
Hakala, Siri 29
Hakamada, Takashi 142, 144
Hall-Spencer, Jason
73, 74, 177
Hamatsu, Tomonori 180
Hamatsu, Yoshimi 235
Hamlington, Benjamin 150
Han, Chun-hua 130
Hane, Yulina 88Han, Hye Jung 199
Han, In Sung
230
Hannach, Gabriela 11
Hannah, Charles
102, 117, 171
Han, Seunghee
111Han, Yang 104
Hao, Linhua
64
Hao, Qiang 23
Hardanu, Warih 103
Harley, Christopher D.G.
69
Harpold, Colleen 78
Harvey, Ben
73, 74
Harvey, Julio B.J.
40
Hasebe, Makoto
196
Hasegawa, Daisuke
18, 54, 59, 117, 172, 174, 182
Hasegawa, Toru
123
Hashihama, Fuminori 95, 189, 206
Hashioka, Taketo 134
Hatch, Scott A. 185
Hawkins, Lawrence E. 34
Hawkins, Stephen J
34
Hayashi, Haruka
87, 94, 196
Hayashi, Miwa
125
Haynie, Alan 6, 26, 50
He, Jianhua
112
He, Junyu
218
He, Mingjun
230
Hemmi, Tadashi 58
Heng, Liu63, 145
Heo, Tae-Young
217
Hermann, Al
6, 12
Herrmann, Bethellee 11
Hervieux, Gaelle 7
He, Shuai
64Hibpshman, Richard E. 122
Hicks, Allan C. 242
Hidaka, Kiyotaka 19, 21, 158, 225, 226, 236
311

PICES-2018
Hidaka, Koichi 82
Hidaka-Umetsu, Mitsuko
120
Higaki, Masakazu 258
Higuchi, Tomihiko 8
Hilborn, Andrea
51
Hilborn, Ray
62
Hirahara, Minamo 193, 236
Hirai, Junya
19, 93, 154, 157, 206
Hirano, Katsushi
252
Hiraoka, Yuko
21
Hirata, Takafumi 78, 134, 160
Hirawake, Toru
78, 87, 168, 184
Hiroe, Yutaka 118
Hiromu Ishiyama 42
Hirose, Naoki
56
Hirota, Masahito 82, 103
Hirota, Yuichi 158
Ho, Ching-Hsien
181
Hoff, Gerald 153
Holdsworth, A.M.
67, 69Hollowed, Anne
6, 50
Holmes, Keith 122
Holsman, Kirstin 6, 50
Honda, Hisami
256
Honda, Makio C.
165
Honda, Shiho
235
Hong, Gil-pyo
220
Hong, Hyun-Ki 212
Hong, Ji-Seok
228
Hong, Mi-jin
198, 220
Hong, Sang Hee
215
Honma, Taiga 18, 59, 155, 172
Hopcroft, Russell R.
7, 120, 138, 198
Ho, Pei-Chi
18
Horii, Sachiko
188, 193, 206
Horii, Toyomitsu 28
Horkan, Erin
77
Hoson, Osamu
82
Howell, Lauren M. 109
Hsieh, Chih-hao
18, 49, 138, 167
Huang, Hao
244
Huang, Liuyi 105
Huang, Ruiping 245
Huh, Yong 225
Hulson, Peter-John F. 181
Hunsicker, Mary E.
79
Hunt, Brian24, 81, 122, 170, 171
Hunt, Bryan
102
Hunt, George L. Jr.
10
Hurst, Thomas P. 242
Hu, Wenjia 33, 63
Hu, Xiaoke
159
Hu, Xinyi
218
Hwang, Dong-Woon 220
Hwang, Jae Dong
230
Hwang, Jinik
255
Hwang, Sung-Jin
162
Hyodo, Fujio
19, 154, 157
312

Hyung, Jun-Ho

255

I
Ianelli, Jim 6
Ianson, Debby
68
Ichikawa, Tadafumi 19, 158
Ichinokawa, Momoko
187
Ichinomiya, Mutsuo 19, 156, 157
Icochea, Luis A. 167
Igarashi, Hiromichi 75, 206
Iglesias-Rodriguez, Debora 97
Iida, Akane 233
Ikeda, Christopher E. 72
Ikeda, Hideki 125
Ilyin, Oleg I.
91
Imamura, Yutaka 75
Imanaka, Kana 234
Im, Dong-Hoon
191
Inaba, Kazuo
73, 74Ingram, Rebecca 29
Inoue, Ryuichiro 54
Ishida, Akio
179
Ishihara, Taiki 21
Ishii, Masao
164, 177
Ishikawa, Yoichi 75, 206, 251
Ishimura, Gakushi
64
Ishimura, Toyoho
8Ishino, Mitsuhiro
180
Ishiyama, Hiromu 39
Ishizaka, Joji 230
Ishizu, Miho
41, 178
Ito, Daiki
223, 225
Itoh, Sachihiko 41, 229
Ito, Motohiro
196
Ito, Shin-ichi 8, 36, 83, 84
Iwahara, Yuka
82
Iwasaki, Yuki 89
Iwataki, Mitsunori 247, 248, 251
Iwata, Shigehide 64

J
Jackson, George A.
174
Jackson, Jennifer
14, 102, 170, 171, 231
Jacox, Michael G. 7, 46
Jang, Chan Joo
10, 45, 47, 135, 169, 231
Jang, Se Hyeon
93, 152
Janssen, David
13
Jeon, Chanhyung
56
Jeong, Hae Jin93, 152
Jeong, Heedong
258
Jeong, Hee Dong
230
Jeong, JinYong 257
Jeong, Kwang-Young 226
Jiang, Feng
175
Jiang, Jingang
113
Jiang, Jinlong
106
Jiang, Qutu
218

PICES-2018
Jiang, Rijin 23
Jiang, Siyu 95
Jian, Zhang
213
Jinghui, Yan
238, 254
Jin, Shuaichen
27Jin, Xianshi
8, 153, 244, 247
Ji, Rubao
51
Ji, Xuanliang
37
Ji, Yingying
94
Joe, Sang-moon
198, 220
Johns, David G.
109
Johnson, Gregory C. 14
Joh, Youngji 45
Journey, Meredith 49
Jung, Hae Kun
16, 159
Jung, Heeseok
47
Jung, Kyung Tae 224
Jung, P. G.
239
Jung, Seung Won
199, 200
Jung, Sukgeun 99, 100
Juniper, S. Kim
102

K
Kaeriyama, Masahide 84
Kai, Nodoka
217
Kakita, Masaki 246
Kamachi, Masafumi 75
Kameda, Takahiko 226
Kameneva, Polina 254
Kamimura, Yasuhiro 8, 21
Kamiyama, Ryutaro 28
Kanaya, Ayumi
209, 238
Kanayama, Takeru 18, 155, 172
Kanda, Taisei 172
Kaneko, Hitoshi
41, 174, 226, 229
Kang, Donhyug
199
Kang, Jung-Hoon
188, 215
Kang, JunSu
199, 200
Kang, Sok Kuh
56Kang, Sukyung
6, 169Kang, Sung-Ho 127, 129
Kapshiter, A.V.
166
Karpenko, Alexandr 254
Karu, Fukutaro
18, 155, 172
Kasai, Akihide 9, 137
Kasai, Hiromi
197
Kashiwai, Makoto
116
Kasperski, Stephen
6
Katayama, Tomoyo 191
Kato, Yoshiki
193
Kawafuchi, Takahiro 18
Kearny, Kelly
6
Keister, Julie E. 11, 237
Keisuke Furumitsu
250
Keliang, Chen 63, 145
Khrustaleva, Anastasia M. 203, 204
Kidokoro, Hideaki
20, 22
Kikuchi, Tomohiko 192, 236, 237

Kim, Cheol-Ho
231
Kim, Dae Hyun 230
Kim, Dong Guk 56
Kim, Eun Joo
255
Kim, Hanna
224
Kim, Haryun
111
Kim, Ho-Kyun
226
Kim, Hyeong-Gi
34
Kim, Hyun-cheol
127, 129
Kim, Hyun-Jung
199, 200
Kim, Jeonghwa
212
Kim, Jeong-Hyeon
243, 246
Kim, Jihun
111
Kim, Jin Ho
189, 190
Kim, Kwang-Yul 232
Kim, Kyeong Ok
224
Kim, Mee Kyung
224
Kimmel, David 78
Kim, Minju
188, 215
Kim, Min-Sup
162
Kim, Minwoo
231
Kim, Miran
198, 220
Kim, Olga O.
99
Kimoto, Katsunori
178
Kim, Pyoung-Joong
220
Kim, Sang Woo
230
Kim, Sangyeob
240
Kim, Seong-Gil
220
Kim, Seung-Kyu
191, 215
Kim, So Jin
93, 152
Kim, Suam
184, 210
Kim, Su-Bin
228
Kim, Su-Hyun
215
Kim, Sung Yong
36
Kim, Tae-Hoon
252, 253
Kim, Taewon
71
Kim, Tae-Wook 111
Kimura, Shingo
16, 88, 89
Kim, Wonkook
40
Kim, Yong Sun
45
Kim, Yong-Yub 226
Kim, Young Ok
190
Kim, Youngsug
219
Kim, Young-Sug
217
Kiriyama, Takanari 250
Kishida, Tatsu
28
Kitagawa, Takahiro 177
Kitahara, Ken-ichi 253
Kitajima, Satoshi 123
Kitakado, Toshihide 142
Kitamura, Minoru 154
Kitamura, Yoshiteru 177
Kivva, Kirill 48, 169
Kiyofuji, Hidetada 89
Kiyomoto, Yoko
123
Kiyota, Masashi
31
Klein, Patrice 35, 165
Kleisner, Kristin 64

313

PICES-2018
Klimov, Vladimir V. 151
Knudby, Anders 32, 162
Kobari, Toru
18, 19, 54, 59, 140, 154, 155, 156,
157, 172
Kodama, Taketoshi 158, 193
Koh, Byoung-Seol
220
Koike, Kazuhiko137, 194
Ko, Jimin 225
Komatsu, Kosei
8, 118, 227
Komorita, Tomohiro 19, 156, 157
Kondoh, Michio
9, 49
Kondo, Yusuke 233
Konecny, Cassandra
27
Kong, Christina E.
10Konishi, Kenji 144
Konishi, Yoshinobu
208
Kon, Koetsu
73
Koo, Jun Ho
219
Korostelev, Nikolai B. 208
Kosaka, Rosemary
66
Koshino, Yosuke 196
Kosugi, Naohiro 164
Kotenev, Boris
48
Kouketsu, Shinya
58, 229
Kovekovdova, Lidia T.
219
Ko, Young Ho 111
Krapivin, Vladimir F. 151
Kristiansen, Trond 6
Krovnin, Andrey
48
Kruse, Gordon H.
98
Kubo, Ketaro
210
Kuletz, Kathy 10
Kulik, Vladimir 209, 238
Kumagai, Naoki H.
257
Kume, Gen18, 19, 59, 154, 155, 156, 157
Kurihara, Haruko.
72
Kurnosov, Denis S.
201
Kuroda, Hiroshi
158, 226, 229
Kuroda, Hiroumi
19, 157
Kurogi, Hiroaki
193
Kurosawa, Shingo
74
Kusaka, Akira
225
Kuwae, Tomohiro
196
Kuwahara, Victor S.
191
Kuznetsov, Mikhail 37
Kwak, Myeong-Taek 226
Kwon, Gi-Young 197
Kwong, Lian E.
140, 236
Kwon, Jung-no
179
Kwon, Jung-No
217, 219, 220
Kwon, Minho
45
Kwon, Oh-Youn
215
Kwon, Young-soo 198, 220

L
Ladd, Carol 97
Ladychenko, Svetlana
La, Hyoung Sul
127
314

38

Lamb, Jesse
78
Lan, Kuo-Wei 77, 79, 186, 249
Latornell, Doug 44
Laurel, Benjamin 7
Lauth, Bob
77
Lazaryuk, Alexander 38
Leaw, Chui Pin
251
Lee, Bo ram 257
Lee, Chung Il 9, 16, 159
Lee, Eun Ae 36
Lee, Eunil 226
Lee, Ho 198, 220
Lee, Hwa Hyun 210
Lee, Hye-Mi
212
Lee, Joon-Ho
228
Lee, Joon-Soo
130, 209, 238
Lee, Kenneth 113
Lee, Kitack 111
Lee, Kyunghwan 100
Lee, KyungJae
39
Lee, Ming-An
80
Lee, Minji 189, 190
Lee, Min-Young
253
Lee, M. U. 239
Lee, Seung-Woo 173
Lee, Soonmi 239
Lee, Taehee 256
Lee, Taek-Kyun 200
Lee, Tongsup
179
Lee, W.G.
67
Lee, YongHwa
197
Leichter, James J.
57, 58
Lei, Xu
195
Leong, Sandric Chee Yew
251
Lerczak, James A.
55
Lew, Daniel K.
146, 147
Liang, Cui 108
Lianggen, Wang 195
Liang, Yubo
111, 216
Lian, Peng
80
Lian, Tao 117
Liao, Cheng-Hsin
186
Li, Chaolun 124, 125, 234
Li, Dongmei 111
Li, Hong
94
Li, Hongjun
86
Li, Jianchao 22, 76, 80, 175
Li, Jingmei 146
Li, Li-Xiang 249
Lim, Dhong-Il
111
Lim, Hong Chang
251
Lim, Jae Hyun
179, 219
Lim, Po Teen 251
Lim, Young Kyun
190
Lindeberg, Mandy 7
Lindemann, Yoav 96
Lindsay, Dhugal
120
Lin, Fan-Sian
18

PICES-2018
Lin, Feng 112
Lin, Jia-Huei 186
Lin, Jianing 124
Lin, Jing
112
Lin, Kuan-Yu
138
Lin, Long-Shan
76
Lin, Qun
153
Lin, Tzu-Hsiang 77
Lin, Ying 113
Lipton, Doug
147
Li, Qi127
Li, Qianwei 27
Li, Qingsheng
106
Li, Qiufen
248
Lirdwitayaprasit, Thaithaworn 251
Li, Ruijing 27
Lishavskaya, Tatyana 213
Liu, Dan
16
Liu, Dongyan
113
Liu, Guimei 37
Liu, Hui 23, 85, 138
Liu, Jian
100
Liu, Mengtan 183
Liu, Pengyuan
159
Liu, Renyan 216
Liu, Shigang 76
Liu, Shufang
99, 204
Liu, Wei 64, 103
Liu, Xiaozi 105
Liu, Yang 76, 80, 84, 92
Liu, Yongqing 221
Li, Xiaoyang 128
Li, Xuefeng
65
Li, Ya-fang 114
Li, Yafang 95, 96
Li, Yuan76
Li, Yuesong
81
Lobanov, Vyacheslav 38, 119, 230, 258
Logerwell, Elizabeth 61, 83
Loher, Timothy 241, 242
Loh, Tse-Lynn 31
Looney, Lev B. 150
Lopes, Rubens
192
Loreau, Michel 239
Lotliker, Aneesh
110
Lo, Wentseng 180
Lu, Chian-Yu
212
Lu, Douding
52, 110
Lukyanova, Olga N.
107, 176
Lum, Wai Mun 251
Luo, Wenting 180
Lu, Yang
213
Lu, Youyu
69
Lu, Yuhao 122

M
Macdonald, Alison M.
68
Mackas, David L.
15

Maderich, Vladimir 224
Makihara, Wataru 18
Maki, Hideaki 132
Makino, Mitsutaku 28, 103, 133, 209, 238
Mao, Yuze 248
Marchenko, Svetlana 221
Maruo, Masahiro
217
Maselko, Jacek
82
Ma, Shuyang
22
Masuda, Reiji 9, 49
Masuda, Shuhei
58
Masunaga, Eiji 56
Matsuba, Misako
206, 251
Matsumura, Yoshimasa 42
Matsuno, Takeshi
59
Matsuoka, Koji
142, 144
Matsuura, Hiroyuki
195
Matta, Beth 77
Mattern, Jann Paul 46, 118
Matveev, Andrei 202
Matveev, Vladimir 116, 252
Ma, Zhiyuan
63, 244
Mazlova, Elena 65
McLaskey, Anna K.
237
McQuatters-Gollop, Abigail 26, 109, 177
McSweeney, Jacqueline 55
Mecking, Sabine 68
Menemenlis, Dimitris 35
Men, Wu
112
Michida, Yutaka 130
Mier, Kathy
83
Mikawa, Mana
236
Mikhaylova, Oхana G.
91
Milazzo, Marco 73, 74
Miller, Michael J. 35
Miller, Todd W. 79
Minami, Kenji 82
Minamoto, Toshifumi 9
Minemizu, Ryo 120
Ming, Hongxia
214
Min, Hong Sik
56
Minobe, Shoshiro
67, 223, 232
Mitani, Takumi 28
Mitsudera, Humio
36
Miyahara, Kazutaka 137
Miyairi, Yosuke 88
Miyajima, Toshihiro 58
Miyake, Hiroshi
120, 235
Miya, Masaki
9, 206
Miyama, Toru 36
Miyamoto, Hiroomi 19, 20, 22, 154
Miyamoto, Mai 28, 31
Miyamoto, Nami 28
Miyashita, Kazushi 82
Miyazawa, Yasumasa 35, 178
Mizuguchi, Hayato 172
Mkrtchyan, Ferdenant A.
151
Moiseenko, Georgiy S.
131, 250

315

PICES-2018

Molinos, Jorge García 78, 257
Monson, Dan
7
Montoya, José M.
239
Moon, Jae-Hong228
Moon, Seung Joo
255
Moore, Andrew M.
13, 46, 118
Moran, John
7
Mordy, Calvin 97
Morgan, Cheryl 49
Morgan, Steven G. 40
Morishita, Kouji 82
Mori, Takaaki 209, 238
Mori, Yuhei 167
Moroz, Valentina V.
222
Moshchenko, Alexander 213
Motoishi, Futaba 235
Moury, George 48
Mueter, Franz J.
78
Muhling, Barbara 90
Mukai, Tohru
87
Murase, Hiroto
142
Murata, Yuko
28
Murphy, Tammy 147
Murray, Cathryn Clarke 132
Musabbiq, Muhammad Y.
231
Mutou, leo 172
Mu, Xiuxia
241

N
Nabetani, Yoshiki 246
Nagai, Naoki
177
Nagai, Takeyoshi 54, 167, 192
Nagata, Toshi 58
Nagatomo, Yutaro 206
Na, Guangshui
27, 214Na, Hanna
56, 232
Na, Heya
143
Naito, Kanako
217
Na, J. H. 239
Nakagawa, Miwa
172
Nakai, Toshihiro 252
Nakamura, Hirohiko 18, 54, 56, 59, 172
Nakamura, Ken-ichi 189
Nakamura, Tomohiro 36
Nakamura, Yasuhide 121, 188
Nakanishi, Kenji 187
Nakano, Hikaru
163
Nakano, Toshiya
177
Nakano, Tsubasa
184
Nakanowatari, Takuya 36
Nakaoka, Masahiro
72
Nakata, Haruhiko 253
Nakatsugawa, Kento
89
Nakaya, Kei
19, 156
Nam, Seung-Il 111
Nam, SungHyun
39, 57, 173
Narevich, Irina S. 219
316

Narumi, Atsushi
19
Natori, Noriaki 196
Naumova, Tatiana. N. 203
Navrotsky, Vadim 59
Neasloss, Doug
102
Nephin, Jessica
32
Nien, Yu-ling 211, 212
Ning, Jiajia 94, 95, 96, 114
Nishigaki, Hajime 36, 41
Nishikawa, Haruka
75
Nishikawa, Hatsumi
36
Nishikawa, Jun
120, 195, 233, 234
Nishikawa, Neo
235
Nishiki, Issei
89
Nishimoto, Atsushi
158, 225, 226
Nishina, Ayako
54, 56, 59, 172
Nishino, Shigeto
126, 168
Nishio, Ringo
184
Nishiuchi, Kou
123
Nishizawa, Bungo
87, 94, 184
Nöel, Marie109
Nohara, Kenji
233
Noh, Suyun
57
Noh, Y. 54
Noh, Yign 54, 55
Nonaka, Masami
165
Norgard, Tammy 68
Note, Kentaro
161
Novikova, Olga98
Novikov, Roman 245
Novikov, Yu.V.
166
Nurdjaman, Susanna
194
Nuzhdin, Vladimir 48

O
Obayashi, Yumiko 195, 234
Oda, Kentaro
82
Ogawa, Nobuhiro
88
Ogino, Yoshimi
250
Ohara, Shizuka
194
OH, Chul-Woong
34
Oh, C. W. 239
Oh, Hyun Ju 230
Ohnishi, Fujio
129
Oh, Seok-Jin
200
Ohshimo, Seiji 21
Ohtsuka, Susumu
233, 252
Okado, Jumpei
50, 143, 196
Okamura, Hiroshi
187
Okawachi, Hiroko
125
Okazaki, Yuji 19, 21, 154, 178
Okuda, Noboru 18
Okunishi, Takeshi
41, 117, 174, 182, 225, 226, 229
Omori, Yuko 73
Onochi, Kei
235
Ono, Tsuneo 178, 193
Ooki, Atsushi
168
Oozeki, Yoshioki 11, 28

PICES-2018
Orlov, Alexei 186, 208
Orlova, Svetlana Yu. 201, 208
Orlova, Tatiana 254
Ortiz, Ivonne
12
Osafune, Satoshi
58
Osinowo, A.A. 240
Ostle, Clare 109
Ostrovskii, Alexander 38
Otaka, Kana
192
Ota, Tomoko
21
Otsuka, Kazuhiko 64
Otsuka, Natsuhiko
128
Ovsyannikova, S.
207
Ovsyannikov, E. 207

PPage, Stephen
117
Pakhomov, Evgeny
24, 81, 122, 140, 150, 170,
205, 236
Pang, Yumeng 22
Pan, Xindong
80, 92
Park, GwangSeob
257
Park, Heeyoon
258
Park, Heung-Sik 212
Park, Jae-Hun
56
Park, Jaeyeon
255
Park, Joo Myun16, 159
Park, Joon Seong
40
Park, Seojeong
71
Park, Wongyu
257
Park, Young Gyu 40, 107
Parris, Nicole
77
Partlow, Megan A.
186
Pavlova, Elena 119
Pawlowicz, Rich 44
Peña, Angelica 69, 170
Peng, Benrong
146
Pepin, Pierre
207
Perry, R. Ian 51, 103, 121, 139
Peterson, Jay O.
15, 141
Peterson, William T. 15, 141
Piatt, John F.
7, 185
Pierce, Stephen D. 55
Pitcher, Tony J.
143, 205
Planas, Josep V. 241, 242
Porter, Steve 78
Prants, Sergey V.
38
Pratama, Khafid Rizki 20
Preez, Cherisse Du
68
Puente, Santiago J. De La 27
Punt, André
6
Putra, Richard Mahendra 20

Q
Qiang, Wu
247
Qian, Weiguo 81
Qiao, Fangli
12, 86Qi, Di70
Qiu, Bo35, 165
Qiu-Lu, Wang 213
Quayle, Lucy 122
Qu, Fangyuan
33, 103
Qu, Keming
112

R
Rahman, SM Mustafizur
9
Rastyagaeva, Nadezda A.
99
Ratnasari, Yesi 243
Rebert, April 98
Reid, Emma C. 53
Renner, Heather M. 185
Renner, Martin 10
Ren, Yiping 91, 100, 101, 156, 241
Ressler, Patrick 10
Reum, Jonathan 6, 50
Rho, Hyun Soo 34
Richar, Jonathan I. 98
Riche, O.G.J.
67
Robert, Marie 13, 68
Rogachev, Konstantin 173
Rogers, Justin
53
Rokas, Antonis
199
Romadenkova, Natalia N. 99
Rooper, Christopher N.
32, 153, 181
Rose, Kenneth
47
Ross, Andrew R.S. 13
Ross, Peter S.
109
Ross, Tetjana 14, 68
Rosyadi, M. Imron
194
Rudakova, Svetlana L. 99
Rudykh, Natalia I. 221, 229
Ryan, John P. 40
Rykaczewski, Ryan R. 24, 150
Ryu, Sang-Ok
220

S
Sachoemar, Suhendar I 103, 209, 238
Sado, Tetsuya
206
Saito, Hiroaki 19, 21, 95
Saitoh, Sei-Ichi 75, 78, 127, 128, 129
Saito, Kanako
154
Saito, Tomoya 235
Sakamoto, Setsuko 194, 217
Sakamoto, Tatsuya 8
Sakuma, Yume235
Sakurai, Yasunori
76
Salo, Sigrid
10, 97
Samko, Eu. V.
166
Sampei, Makoto 168
Sanbongi, Yoshihiro
252
Sandell, Todd 11
Santora, Jarrod A.
10
Sardeshmukh, Prashant D.
44
Sasai, Yoshikazu 25, 42, 165

317

PICES-2018
Sasaki, Hideharu 165
Sasaki, Hiroko
142
Sasaki, Yoshi N.
232
Sasano, Daisuke
164, 177
Sassa, Chiyuki 160, 208
Sastri, Akash R.
18, 102, 138, 139, 167
Sato, Haruka
195
Sato, Ibuki 154
Sato, Kie
18
Sato, Mei 15, 183
Sato, Mitsuhide 216
Sato, Nobuhiko
196
Sato, Takuya 197
Satterthwaite, Erin V.
40
Saunders, Mark 184
Schaub, Jessica
122
Scherer, Cordula 109
Schoeman, David S.
257
Schwing, Franklin B.
66
Seeb, James E.
203
Seino, Satoquo
9
Sekino, Masashi
89
Semkin, Pavel 119
Seo, Jin-Young 243, 246
Seo, Seongbong
107
Sergeev, Aleksandr 119
Setou, Takashi 21, 125, 158, 225, 226, 229
SeungshicYum 190
Shan, Xiujuan
8, 86, 244, 247
Shao, A.
67
Shapovalov, Sergey M.
151
Shatilina, Tatyana 222
Sheng, Guoying
114
Shen, Kang-Ning
211
Shevchenko, Igor
131
Sheybak, A.
207
Shiah, Fuh-Kwo
18
Shida, Osamu
8
Shigemoto, Ryusei 211
Shigemura, Taichi 19
Shi, Lijian 112, 119, 224
Shimabukuro, Ui 196
Shimizu, Manabu 125
Shimizu, Shota 72
Shimizu, Yugo
21, 223, 225, 226, 229
Shim, JeongHee
179
Shim, Jeong-Min 197
Shimode, Shinji 192, 236, 237
Shim, Won Joon
215
Shin, Hyoung Chul
127, 129
Shin, Hyun Ho
190
Shin, Jong Seop212
Shin, Kyoungsoon
111, 189, 190
Shin, Sangik
7
Shinyashiki, Maharu 154
Shinzato, Chuya 30
Shiomoto, Akihiro 137
Shiozaki, Takuhei 193
318

Shirai, Kotaro
8
Shirakawa, Hokuto
82Shi, Wenqi 221
Shlyk, Natalia 173
Shoji, Akiko
196
Shoji, Jun
161, 163, 182, 210, 211, 255, 256
Shozaki, Takuhei 197
Shtraikhert, Elena A.
43
Siddon, Elizabeth 78
Siedlecki, Samantha A.
12, 68Sigler, Mike 77
Simokon, Mikhail V.
219
Simoneit, Bernd R.T.
114
Simpson, Kyle
13
Sin, Eunchong71
Siswanto, Eko
42, 165
Skjoldal, Hein Rune 61, 126
Slater, Laura M. 98
Smith, S. Lan 25
Smith, Wade 81
Snodgrass, Owyn
90
Sogawa, Sayaka
21, 225, 226
Sohrin, Rumi
195
Sokolov, Oleg
258
Song, Hajoon
118
Song, Hongjun
51
Song, Jin-Wook
252
Song, Kyu Min
40
Song, Yajuan 12
Son, Young Baek 230, 257
Sorensen, Hilarie L. 14
Soshnina, Valeria Al
201
Spence, Jody
13
Spencer, Paul 6, 50
Srinui, Khwanruan
233
Stabeno, Phyllis 78
Stark, Kimberly 11
Stawitz, Christine 6
Steiner, Nadja 128
Stepanenko, Mikhail A.
202
Stewart, Ian J.
242
Stockhausen, William 6
Straley, Janice 7
Strom, Suzanne L. 198
Strüssmann, Carlos Augusto
21
Suchy, Karyn D. 51, 139, 140
Suda, Ayako 89
Sugihara, George 23, 49
Sugimoto, Aoi 62
Sugimoto, Kouki
235
Sugimoto, Ryo
256
Sugisaki, Hiroya
158
Suh, Hae-Lip
191
Sui, Haozhi
156
Su, Jie
214
Sumaila, U. Rashid 128
Su, Meng
61, 176
Su, Nan-Jay
80

PICES-2018
Sun, Daoxun
41
Sun, Heng70, 127
Sun, Jiazhen
245
Sun, Liguang
114
Sun, Ming 91
Sun, Peng22, 105
Sun, Runlong
105
Sun, Song124, 125
Surma, Szymon
143, 205
Suryan, Robert
7
Sutherland, Kelly R. 14, 123
Suyama, Satoshi 20
Suzuki, Go
30
Suzuki, Koji
18, 19, 59, 160, 161
Suzuki, Nobuaki
89
Suzuki, Toru
131
Suzuki, Yuji 246
Svetishev, Vasilii 254
Swart, N.
67
Swastiko, Wishnu A.
243
Sydeman, William 50, 185
Sylvain, Agostini 73
Syrovatkin, Eugeny 37
Szuwalski, Cody
6, 23T
Tabisola, Heather 83
Tadafumi, Ichikawa 21
Tadokoro, Kazuaki 20, 137, 140
Tadzhibaev, Artyom Y. 176
Tai, Travis C. 128
Takada, Hideshige 246
Takada, Kentaro 252
Takahashi, Akinori 196
Takahashi, Daisuke 158
Takahashi, Kazutaka 188, 189, 191, 192, 193, 197,
206, 216
Takahashi, Kazuya 247, 248, 251
Takahashi, Masanori 21
Takahashi, Motomitsu 8, 208
Takano, Emiko 188
Takao, Mariko
125
Takao, Shintaro 71
Takasuka, Akinori 11, 158
Takeda, Tsutomu 19, 156, 157
Takemoto, Shohei 256
Takemura, Shion 209, 238
Takemuro, Yuki
94, 184
Takeshige, Aigo 16, 28
Takeuchi, Marika 60, 174
Talley, Lynne D. 68
Tamaki, Yasuji 28
Tamura, Tsutomu 142, 144
Tanaka, Hiroshige 180
Tanaka, Kiyoshi
41, 227
Tanaka, Mamoru 60
Tanaka, Shuhei 246
Tanaka, Takahiro 117, 174

Tanaka, Yusuke
206, 251
Taneda, Takeshi 123, 226
Tang, Yafei 115
Tang, Yanli 105
Tanita, Iwao 193
Taniuchi, Yukiko 197
Tanonaka, Norika 157
Tao, Zhencheng 183
Teng, Sheng-Yuan 80
Teng, Xin
65
Teo, Steve90
Terada, Mio223
Terada, Yuji 182
Tett, Paul 109
Therriault, Thomas W.
132, 133
Thoha, Hikmah 251
Thompson, Sarah Ann
185
Tian, Hao 76
Tian, Yongjun 22, 80, 84, 92, 105, 175
Tian, YongJun 76
Ticlia, Leandro 192
Toda, Tatsuki 192, 193, 196, 236, 237
Tojo, Naoki
209, 238
Tokeshi, Tsutomu
187
Tokunaga, Kanae 64
Tommasi, Desiree 90
Torres, Hector
35
Toyama, Hirotaka 187
Tozawa, Kana 233
Trainer, Vera L. 72, 110
Trick, Charles 209, 238
Trites, Andrew W. 144, 183
Trusenkova, Olga 38
Tsukamoto, Katsumi 35
Tsukamoto, Youichi 208
Tsunoda, Tomohiko
178
Tsuru, Sentaro
82
Tsutsumi, Eisuke
54, 59, 172
Tsygankov
107
Tuji, Akihiro 121

U
Uchino, Tsubasa
89
Uehara, Shinji 28
Ueno, Hiromichi 39, 42, 87
Uleysky, Michael Yu.
38
Urabe, Yusuke 84
Urawa, Shigehiko
241
Ushijima, Taishi 246
Ushikubo, Takayuki 88
Ushio, Masayuki
49
Ustinova, Elena 22, 37
Uye, Shin-ichi
125

V
Vazhova, Anna S.
218, 232
Vlasova, Galina 221, 222

319

PICES-2018
Voronin, Aleksandr
119
Vrijenhoek, Robert C. 40

W
Wada, Shigeki 73, 74
Waga, Hisatomo 168
Wagawa, Taku 36
Wakamatsu, Hiroki 28
Wallace, Nancy 132
Wallmo, Kristy 66, 146, 147
Wang, Baodong 106
Wang, Bin 22
Wang, Caixia 27, 159
Wang, Chia-Hui 211, 212
Wang, Cui 106
Wang, Fenfen 112
Wang, Guansuo
86
Wang, Jianjun 114
Wang, Jinbo
35
Wang, Jing
100
Wang, Jinhui 115
Wang, Jinkeng 106
Wang, Jun
153
Wang, Liang-gen 114
Wang, Lianggen 94, 95, 96
Wang, Nan
125, 234
Wang, Pengbin 52, 110
Wang, Qimao 112, 119
Wang, Qiulu 108
Wang, QiuLu 61
Wang, Shengqiang 23
Wang, Tifeng 245
Wang, Xuehui 95, 96
Wang, Yantao 125, 234
Wang, Yibo 159
Wang, Yueqi
113
Wang, Yujue
113
Wang, Zhen 214
Wanninkhof, Richard H. 68
Wan, Rong
22, 175
Wardle, Arthur R. 104
Watai, Mikio 21
Watanabe, Chikako 182
Watanabe, Kazuyoshi 182
Watanabe, Kenta 196
Watanuki, Yutaka 50, 87, 143, 196
Watari, Shingo 28
Waterman, Stephanie 171
Webb, Joel B. 98
Wei, Qinsheng 106
Wells, Mark 103, 110, 209, 238
West, Catherine F.
186
Whitehouse, Andrew 50
Wilborn, Rachel 32
Wilderbuer, Thomas 6
Wilson, Cara 110
Wilson, Emma 102
Winans, Amanda 11
320

Wingert, Charles J. 72
Wise, Sarah P.
28Wo, Jia
101
Wong, Esther 18
Woo, Seonock
162
Wu, Jiajun 110
Wu, Jiaping 218
Wu, Jiaying 156
Wu, Rui
175
Wyatt, Alex S.J. 58

X
Xian, Weiwei 108, 168
Xia, Tao
64
Xie, Meiling 25
Xing, Chuanxi
221
Xingxia, Wang 195
Xin, Ming
106
Xu, Binduo
91, 92, 100, 101, 156, 241
Xu, Chang-an 209, 238
Xue, Huijie
164
Xuehui, Wang 195
Xue, Ying
91, 100, 101, 156, 241
Xu, Lei
94, 95, 114
Xu, Wei
65
Xu, Yan 61
Xu, Yongjiu 23

Y
Yagi, Nobuyuki 181
Yamada, Haruya 123
Yamada, Makoto 256
Yamada, Nodoka 87, 94
Yamaguchi, Akira 16
Yamaguchi, Atsuko 250
Yamaguchi, Takafumi 236
Yamaguchi, Tamaha 216
Yamaka, Takuto 71
Yamakita, Takehisa 120, 206, 251
Yamamoto, Hiroyuki 120
Yamamoto-Kawai, Michiyo 72
Yamamoto, Keigo 137
Yamamoto, Maki 143
Yamamoto, Mariko 50
Yamamoto, Mitsuo 16
Yamamura, Orio 94, 184
Yamanoue, Kaori 157
Yamasaki, Izumi 21
Yamashita, Hiroshi 30
Yamashita, Yuuho 180
Yamazaki, Hidekatsu 56, 60, 174, 192
Yamazaki, Keiichi 225
Yam, Rita S.W. 18
Yanagimoto, Daigo 41
Yanagi, Tetsuo 103
Yang, D. 67
Yang, Eun Jin 127

PICES-2018
Yang, Jin-Yu T.
111
Yang, Lu 61
Yang, Qing 85
Yang, Ying
61
Yan-Lun 79
Yan, Luxin 76
Yan, Xu 213
Yao, Ziwei 214
Yara, Yumiko
206
Yasuda, Ichiro 53
Yasuda, Naoko 72
Yasumiishi, Ellen 85
Ye, Guanqiong 113, 218
Ye, Hao 49
Ye, Jinqing 85
Ye, Mi-Ju 179
Ye, Zhenjiang 80, 92
Yin, Liping 86
Yin, Xunqiang 12
Yi, Qian 101
Yokoba, Hironori 235
Yokoi, Takaaki 8
Yokoyama, Yusuke
88
Yoneda, Michio 11
Yonezaki, Shiroh 28
Yoon, Eun Young
255
Yoo, Sinjae 10
Yoo, Sin Jae 256
Yoshie, Naoki 18, 54, 59, 172
Yoshikawa, Chisato 25
Yoshikawa, Kentaro 161, 163
Yoshikawa, Takashi
195
Yoshinaga, Shohei 19, 154, 157
Yoshinaga, Yuji 237
Young, Kelly 121
Young, Madeline 184
Yuan, Wei
153
Yu, Cungen 23
Yue, Qi 65
Yu, Haiqing 80, 84
Yu, Huaming 84
Yukami, Ryuji 182
Yukioka, Satoru 246
Yuliang, Li 63, 145
Yu.Orlova, Svetlana 201
Yu, Tao 112
Yu, Ting
258
Yu, Vasiliy 107
Yu, Wei81, 101
Yu, Weiwei
33, 244
Yu, Wen112
Yu, Xiaolin 175

Z
Zador, Stephani 7
Zakharkov, Sergey P.
43
Zarubin, Margarita 96
Zayasu, Yuna
30
Zeman, Samantha M. 123, 141
Zhan, Aibin 86
Zhang, Chi
22, 80, 92, 175, 241
Zhang, Chongliang 91, 100, 101, 156, 241
Zhang, Di
245
Zhang, Fang
124, 125
Zhang, Huawei 113
Zhang, Hui
168
Zhang, Huizhen 214
Zhang, Jian61, 108
Zhang, Jingjing 113
Zhang, Linxiao 27
Zhang, Wanli 27
Zhang, Wuchang 183
Zhang, Yan 248
Zhang, Yanxu 111
Zhang, Yuanhui
70
Zhang, Zhaohui 51, 103
Zhang, Zhichun 164
Zhang, Zhifeng 221
Zhang, Zhihua 258
Zhan, Liyang 70
Zhao, Chang
86
Zhao, Liyuan 199
Zhao, Yiding 12
Zheng, Senlin 63
Zhong, Wenli 70
Zhong, Yisen.
165
Zhou, Feng
52
Zhou, Xiaofan
199
Zhuang, Zhimeng 99, 204
Zhu, Qinghuan
80
Zhu, Wenbin 23
Zhu, Wenxi 258
Zhu, Xiaofen
33
Zhu, Xiao-Hua
56Zhu, Yanhui 82
Zou, Bin
112, 119
Zuenko, Yury
48, 116, 232

321