Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2012
1

PREFACE
Interest in the use of alternative energy in the form of renewable energy has increased substantiallybecause of the potential to provide increased reliability and lower cost of power delivery to thecustomer, particularly with customer-site generation. There are also substantial environmental
benefits in reduced or no emissions as compared with traditional technologies.
The new means for generation, storage and transmission of energy present exciting possibilities
but raise many questions about safety and reliability, questions that must be answered to ensure
public acceptance. For example, the integration of new generation and storage technologies withexisting systems need to provide safe and reliable service during peak and off peak demand.
UL is committed to the advancement of safe, renewable and sustainable energy through doing thenecessary research, testing and development of standards to help society make a smooth and safe
transition to alternative energy.
The equipment and systems used for alternative energy are required to comply with numerous
electrical, fire, mechanical, plumbing, and building-related codes and installation requirements.
These different codes require compliance with different standards and installation requirements.
UL has developed this guide for use by code authorities, electric utilities, contractors, installers,
users, system designers, and other interested parties to aid in understanding the basic componentsof alternative energy systems and the applicable codes and standards in order to facilitate areasonably safe and code-compliant installation.
UL Marking and Application Guides are updated as necessary due to new product development,changes in the codes, or the need for clarification. To confirm the current status of any UL Marking
Guide, please consult the Code Authorities page of the UL Web site at www.ul.com/codeauthorities
or www.ul.com/markingguides.

Your comments or suggestions are welcome and appreciated. They should be sent to:Regulatory Services Department
UL
333 Pfingsten Road
Northbrook, IL 60062
ulregulatoryservices@ul.com
800-595-9844

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
2

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title

Page

INTRODUCTION ………………………………………………………………………... 2
1 - ALTERNATIVE ENERGY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS ……………………… . 6
Inverters and Converters
Distributed Resource Power Systems
2 - PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS ……………………………………………………… 8
Modules and Panels
PV Accessory Equipment
Rack Mounting Systems
Rapid Shutdown Systems
PV Wire3 – ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS…………………………………………. 16
4 - THERMAL SOLAR SYSTEMS …………………………………………………… 17
Solar collectors
Electrical controllers
Energy transfer units
Thermal storage units
Solar water heaters
5 - FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN GENERATORS………………………………. 18
Stationary fuel cell systems
Handheld fuel cells
Industrial truck fuel cells

7 - WIND TURBINE GENERATING SYSTEMS ................................................... 20
Large and small wind turbine generating systems
Safety-related control systems
Inverters/converters
Wind turbine tray cable
APPENDIX A:UL Alternative Energy Product Categories ………………………………………… 22
APPENDIX B:
Alternative Energy Codes and Standards …………………………………………. . 25
APPENDIX C:
PV Systems Standards and UL Listing Categories …………………………………. 28
Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
1

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

6 - ENGINE GENERATORS AND MICROTURBINES ……………………………..19
Stationary Engine Generators
Portable Engine Generators
Engine generator accessories

INTRODUCTIONUSE OF THIS GUIDEThis guide is intended to assist code authorities, designers, and installers in determining thesuitability of specific alternative energy equipment in a particular installation and use, and toaddress concerns related to fire, shock, plumbing, gas, and/or mechanical hazards andperformance reliability.
Products are Certified, Listed or Classified by UL under an appropriate product category. A
four-letter code (shown in parenthesis) following every category title in this guide is the UL productcategory code designation. A list of alternative energy equipment product categories evaluated by
UL, along with the applicable standard(s), can be found in Appendix A.
Each UL product category code provides a direct link to the Guide Information for the productcategory. The Guide Information includes the scope of the products covered, information relating tolimitations or special conditions applying to the product, the requirements used for the investigationof the products, installation and use information, and information on product markings and the ULMark to be used on the product. Guide information is available in the UL White Book and online atwww.ul.com/database.
The product markings identified in this Guide do not include every possible marking that could be
provided either on a product or in its installation or operation instructions. The purpose of this Guide
is to provide you with an indication of the type of text and location of markings that address featuresthat may be critical in determining if a product is certified and / or if it is installed correctly. Refer tothe specific Guide Information for the product category for additional marking information.
The numbering for code sections used in this document may change as the specific code is
updated. A list of model codes and standards applicable for each product can be found in Appendix
B. Additional information can be found at www.ul.com/renewable.
INFORMATION ON CERTIFICATION, LISTING AND CLASSIFICATION
Most codes and regulations require the certification of this equipment to applicable safety-related
standards. They also may require this equipment to be certified to energy performance standards
as well. Products that are certified to safety-related standards have been evaluated with regard to
all reasonably foreseeable safety-related hazards, including fire, electrical shock and mechanicalhazards. Such products are termed “UL Listed.” Products that are certified to a limited range ofhazards, or for use under specific conditions are termed “UL Classified”. Alternatively, any of theseproducts can be “UL Certified” and bear the UL Certification Mark.
It is important to distinguish the difference between “UL Listed” and “UL Classified” and the relationthese terms have with the term “listed,” as used in various codes. The term “listed” in the codes
generally indicates that the product is required to be evaluated in accordance with the appropriate
standard(s) by an independent third party certification organization such as UL. The term “listed” inthe codes should not be confused with the term “UL Listed,” as explained above. It is important torecognize that not all certification agencies make this distinction in their certification services.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
2

INFORMATION ON UL MARKS
There are several types of UL Marks that can be found on alternative energy equipment. General
information on each of these Marks is provided below. Each has its own specific meaning andsignificance. The only way to determine if a product has been certified by UL is to look for the ULMark on the product itself.
The UL Mark on a product means that UL has tested and evaluated representative samples of that
product and determined that they meet the requirements in the applicable standard(s). Under avariety of UL programs, certified products are periodically checked by UL at the manufacturing
facility to determine that they continue to comply with the standard(s).
The UL Marks may only be used on, or in connection with products certified by UL, and under theterms of a written agreement between the manufacturer and UL.
IDENTIFICATION OF UL CERTIFIED PRODUCTS
Launched in mid-2013, the enhanced UL Certified Mark can be used on both UL Listed andClassified products and is intended to make it easier and simpler for stakeholders to understand thescope of UL’s certifications of a specific product. The enhanced UL Certified Mark makes it possible
to bundle multiple UL certifications for multiple geographies into a single Mark design. Today, thismark is used for products certified to U.S., Canadian, European and Japanese requirements. This
Mark utilizes a unique identifier to enable stakeholders to search UL’s Online Certifications
Directory at www.ul.com/database to quickly to review detailed certification information.
All currently existing versions of UL’s Listing and Classification Marks remain valid and should
continue to be accepted as an indication of certification.

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

UL expects the transition to the Enhanced Mark to happen over time, so you may not see it in theimmediate future. For more information on this important development, please go to
www.ul.com/markshub > Resources. Access to the Marks Hub is free and open to all regulators, butregistration to use it is required.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
3

UL Listing MarkThis is one of the most common UL Marks. If a product carries this Mark, it means UL found that
representative samples of this product met UL’s safety requirements. These requirements areprimarily based on UL’s own published Standards for Safety, or other recognized third party
standards. The UL Listed Mark includes the UL symbol, the word “Listed,” the product or category
name, and a control number assigned by UL.

UL Classification MarkThis Mark appears on representative samples of products that UL has evaluated but only withrespect to specific properties, a limited range of hazards, or suitability for use under limited or
special conditions. The UL Classified Mark includes the UL symbol, the word “Classified,” astatement of the scope of evaluation, the product or category name, and a control number assigned
by UL.

PV Global Approval Mark (GAP)
Although this certification may be issued in conjunction with a safety certification, this certification is
not considered a safety certification. This certification is for design qualification and type approval of
PV modules and panels in accordance with IEC 61215 and IEC 61646.
This Mark is for photovoltaic (PV) products that have only been evaluated for an extension of the CB
Full Certification Scheme (CB-FCS) based on authorization from the International ElectrotechnicalCommission's System for Conformity Testing and Certification of Electrical Equipment andComponents (IECEE). In addition to the CB Certification under the CB-FCS program, ISO 9000
registration and an ongoing product follow-up surveillance program are required. UL is a member of
the IECEE, and is a National Certification Body (NCB).
For more information, refer to the Guide Information for “Photovoltaic Modules and Panels – PV
GAP Mark” (QIMY) or “Photovoltaic Lanterns – PV GAP Mark (QIMV).

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
4

PV GAP QUALITY MARK

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

FIELD EVALUATIONS
You may encounter situations in which you are unable to determine if a product has been listed bya third-party organization. Or in other situations you might encounter a product bearing a listinglabel that may have been modified in the field, and now you question whether or not the product still
complies with the applicable standard. UL offers a field evaluation service that provides data toassist you in making your decision whether to accept the product and/or approve the installation.
Anyone directly involved with a product – including manufacturers, owners, contractors, andregulatory authorities – can request a Field Evaluation. Detailed information for this program canbe found on UL’s Web site at www.ul.com/field.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 20165

1. ALTERNATIVE ENERGY EQUIPMENT AND SYSTEMS
Alternative energy is either distributed or localized generation. The power source of alternate
energy equipment and systems is one of the following or a hybrid combination – photovoltaic
panels, wind turbines, engine generators, microturbines, or fuel cells. There are three system
types:


Utility-Interactive – operates in parallel with and may deliver power to an electrical
production and distribution network
Hybrid – comprised of multiple power sourcesStand-alone – supplies power independently of an electrical production anddistribution network

The main concerns regarding the installation and use of distributed or localized generation aresafety, power quality, harmonic distortion, and “islanding”. “Islanding” is when the distributed
generation equipment continues to feed power to the grid when the utility source has been
disconnected, resulting in sourcing an “island” or part of the grid. Installation requirements forinterconnection with electrical power production sources are covered by NEC Article 705.
Inverters and converters (QIKH, QIKF and ZGFA)
An inverter provides AC power at a useable voltage and frequency for connection to the utilities'
electric power grid or to provide power for off-grid loads. In general, it converts the output ofphotovoltaic panels, fuel cells, wind turbines, and microturbines to an appropriate AC voltage andfrequency for direct domestic and industrial use. More complex units can also supply power with theproper characteristics to the utility grid.
A converter is a device that accepts AC or DC power and converts it to another form of AC or DC
power for direct utilization by a load or accumulation in an energy storage system.
Tests are conducted in accordance with the requirements of UL 1741. The extent of the test work
depends on whether the product is a stand-alone unit or intended for interconnection with the local
utility. The standard addresses the risks of fire and shock to service personnel and the generalpublic. Inverters and converters for RV and land vehicles use (QPPY).and marine use (QPQL ) areinvestigated using ANSI/UL 458.
There are three classes of inverters:

Utility interactive – operate in parallel with, or backfeed power to the utility grid to supply
common loads
Stand alone – supply power to loads independent of the utility gridMultimode – can operate in both utility interactive and stand-alone modes in case ofutility failure.

For inverters identified as utility interactive, the standard addresses power quality, synchronizationof power back into the grid, and anti-islanding protection. The utility-interactive inverters preventthe exportation of power after a utility outage in order to mitigate potential shock hazards to utilityline crews, current contribution to the utility fault, potential problems in re-energizing the power lines,
and damage to equipment if the power line is re-energized out of sync with the inverter.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 20166Markings on inverters include the following:














The name of the manufacturer and the model number
Range of input operating voltage
Maximum input current (AC or DC)
Output power factor rating
Operating voltage range (AC)Operating frequency range or single frequency
Nominal output voltage (AC)Normal output frequency
Maximum continuous output current (AC)Maximum continuous output power (AC)Maximum ambient temperature rating (if evaluated for higher than 25oC / 77o F)
Installation environment (e.g. “indoor use only”)“Utility-Interactive” or “Interconnection System Equipment” if appropriate

The model ratings for each inverter are posted on UL’s Online Certification Directory. Someinverters need to be installed and operated with an external transformer and/or overcurrent
protection (input or output), as specified in the markings and installation instructions. The required
external overcurrent protection is to be sized at 125% of the inverter’s output current rating unlessotherwise specified.
Installation instructions for inverters identify the wire size, wire type, wire rating, location limitationsof the product, clearances, torque values for the wire terminals, and the electrical ratings.
Special-purpose Inverters (QIKF) are investigated to export power in parallel with an electric powersystem, such as the utility grid, and are similar to products covered under Static Inverters,
Converters and Accessories for Use in Independent Power Systems (QIKH), except that the
special-purpose products may comply with individually defined utility interconnection requirements,
which can include requirements covered under QIKH, as well as other utility interconnection
requirements. The primary purpose of these special-purpose products is to produce and provide
utility power and provide utility grid support in applications where locally unique interconnection
requirements may exist.

These products may contain or may be intended to connect to energy storage devices and provide
charge and discharge controller functions. Products containing charge controllers are provided with
instructions to indicate the type of battery for which they are intended.

Distributed Resource Power Systems (QIJL)Distributed resource power systems, consisting of combinations of batteries, energy storage
devices, utility interconnection systems equipment, and protective relays, are investigated inaccordance with applicable requirements from UL 1703, UL 1741, and ANSI/UL 2200. This
Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
7

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Special-purpose inverters and converters are devices that change ac or dc power into ac electric
power system (EPS) output power. Electric power systems are defined as facilities that deliverelectric power to a load. Products covered under this category are classed as Utility Interactive orMultimode, which can also operate in a stand-alone mode. Optional accessories intended for use
with these units are also covered under this category.

combination of equipment is intended to combine, convert, transform or relay energy from one ormore ac or dc sources for use in stand-alone and/or utility-interactive power systems. They arefactory or field wired assemblies in which the combination has been investigated for operation as asystem assembly when installed in accordance with the installation instructions.
Solar Power
There are two types of solar power – photovoltaic and thermal. Photovoltaic converts light directly
into electricity using semi-conductor technology. Thermal solar uses the sun’s radiation to heatwater for buildings and swimming pools.

2. PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Photovoltaic (PV) technologies use treated crystalline silicon operating as a semiconductor to
generate a flow of direct current electricity when exposed to light. PV technologies are evolving,allowing PV use in products such as flexible roofing applications and using other materials such as
thin-film polymer.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 20168

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert sunlight directly into electricity, which enables the generation ofsome or all of the daily electrical energy demand for a building. Utility interactive systems remain
connected to the electric utility at all times, so any power needed above what the solar system canproduce is simply drawn from the utility. PV systems include mounting systems and wiring systems
used to integrate the solar modules into the structural and electrical systems of the building. The
wiring systems include disconnects for the dc and ac sides of the inverter, ground-fault protection,
combiner boxes, and overcurrent protection for the solar modules. Some inverters include thisfusing and combining function within the inverter enclosure. PV systems can also include battery
backup or uninterruptible power supply (UPS) capability to operate selected circuits in the building
for hours or days during a utility outage.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
9

Product installation concerns for photovoltaic systems include:









Utility compatibility and interaction
Environment (e.g. indoor, outdoor, hazardous location)
Maximum number of modules (effecting
voltage/current/short-circuit)
Fire exposure ratings (effect on roof covering)
Wind and snow loading
Mounting and attachment
Grounding and bonding
Shading

Modules and Panels
A PV module consists of solar cells connected
together in the factory. The most common PV
module is 5 to 25 ft2. PV modules have ratings from
12V to 100V and power ratings from 5w to 400w.
Often sets of four or more smaller modules areframed or attached together by struts in what iscalled a panel. This panel is typically around 20-35
ft2 in area. This allows some assembly and wiring
functions to be done on the ground in the factory or in the field in accordance with the installation
instructions.
PV panels are "strung" together in series, referred to as a PV array, to increase the voltages from
120Vdc up to 600Vdc. Under normal conditions the current of these strings is usually from 5 to 10
amps. The NEC limits residential PV maximum system voltage to 600Vdc. PV panels can also beconnected together in parallel to increase the current.
The construction of the product, the safety performance, materials and the manufacturing process
are all assessed in determining the compliance of the module or panel to the requirements of theapplicable standards. The product's output wiring system is also investigated for conformance withthe conventions of the NEC. The safety performance includes electrical, temperature, mechanicalloading, and fire tests.
AC modules (QHYZ) provide single-phase power at 50/60 Hz when exposed to sunlight. An AC
module consists of a photovoltaic module and an integral static inverter that changes dc power to ac
power. AC modules may be connected in parallel and are intended for operation interactive with anelectric utility supply. They have been evaluated to de-energize their output upon loss of utility
power. These modules are rated up to 600 V dc input; 10 kW, 120/240 V ac or less, single-phase
output. The basic standards used to investigate these modules are UL 1703 and UL 1741.
PV modules and panels (QIGU) intended to be connected to electrical loads, controllers, or to static
inverters that convert the dc power the modules or panels generate to other types of powercompatible with the intended loads are investigated using UL 1703. Flat-plate PV modules andpanels rebuilt (QIGZ) by the original manufacturer or a third party manufacturer are subject to thesame requirements as new flat-plate photovoltaic modules and panels. PV modules and panels for

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201610

use in hazardous locations (FCJU) are identified with the aforementioned ratings and Class andDivision ratings.
Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV)
Concentrator photovoltaic modules and assemblies (QICP) use lenses and reflectors toconcentrate sunlight on photovoltaic cells to increase output power. The installation class for CPV
modules and assemblies identifies the intended installation location as either general access areas
designated "General," or restricted access areas designated "Restricted." General access units areable to be installed in open areas that may be contacted by the general public. Restricted accessunits are intended to be installed in areas that prevent general public access, such as a locked andfenced-in area. The basic requirements used to investigate products in this category are containedin UL 8703.
PV modules and panels are intended for mounting on buildings or on ground-supported frames.
Roof-mounted modules or panels are investigated for one of three mounting methods: (1) integral
to the roof of a building, (2) directly on a building's roof, or (3) on a rack with a space above the roof
surface.
When mounted integral to a building's roof the module (also known as BIPVs) serves as thewaterproof membrane. Direct-mounted panels are placed upon the building's waterproof
membrane, such as roofing shingles. Rack-mounted styles are spaced away from the building's
roof membrane. Rack-mounted styles may also be installed separate from buildings. Installation ofmodules on or integral to a building's roof system may or may not adversely affect the roof-covering
materials' resistance to external fire exposure if the module has a lesser or no fire-resistance rating.
Roof-covering materials will not be adversely affected when the modules have an equal or greater
fire-resistance rating than the roof-covering material.

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)
Building-integrated photovoltaic modules and panels (QHZK) are intended for mounting integrally
to the structural or protective surfaces of a building in one of three primary installation methods: (1)to serve as the roof, or as a majority component of the roofing system of a building (TFXX, TGFU),(2) to serve as part of a structural component of a building, such as a curtain-wall, facade, atrium,
skylight, etc., or (3) to serve as part of a nonstructural component of a building, such as a
curtain-wall, facade, atrium, skylight, etc., which is applied extant to the primary building structure.
These modules and panels and their mounting systems (QHZQ) are investigated using UL 1703,
and ANSI/UL 790 and UL 997 as appropriate.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201611

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

PV modules or panels are additionally identified as Class A, B or C to denote their Classification forresistance to external fire exposure to correlate with the rating of other roofing materials andsystems as required by the International Building Code (IBC) Chapter 15. Rack-mounted modules
or panels that have not been identified with respect to their resistance to external fire exposure aremarked "Not Fire Rated." Photovoltaic roofing shingles (TFXX) are intended to be applied directly
to a combustible deck in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions. Roofing systems (TGFU)
that are an assembly of several components, including the PV modules and panels, may require
special equipment for application and are intended to be installed on a roof deck as specified by thesystem.

PV Markings and Installation Instructions
Markings for PV modules and panels include:






Electrical ratings - VOpen Circuit, VOperating, VMax System, IShort Circuit, IRated , Pmax
Terminal polarity and temperature of output connections
Maximum series overcurrent device rating
Minimum acceptable diode bypassing (if needed)
Fire Rating – “Not Fire Rated” or Class A, B, or C

Grounding and bonding of the panels and modules and racking systems are required to be done inaccordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions, due to concerns of dissimilar metals
and exposed terminations.
The installation instructions for the PV modules and panels include:









Max. System Voltage (to not exceed the inverter)
Wire sizing
Maximum series fuse rating (dc rating)Electrical Data - Voc, Isc, Temperature, Vmp, Imp, Pmax
Grounding methods & location
Clearances to roof for rack-mounted
Designation of attachment

Model code requirements for photovoltaic systems are found in the National Electrical Code (NEC®)
Article 690; International Building Code (IBC) Chapters 15, 16, and 24; and Uniform Solar Energy
Code (USEC) Chapter 10.
The standards IEEE 1262, IEC 61215, and IEC 61646 are used for design qualification of modules
and panels (QIMY). This is not a safety certification.
Rack Mounting Systems (UL 2703)
Rack mounting systems are structural systems that support and connect the PV modules to the roof,
ground, or other mounting structure. UL 2703 covers rack mounting systems and clamping devices
for flat-plate photovoltaic modules and panels that comply with the Standard for Flat-Plate
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels, UL 1703, intended for installation on or integral with buildings, orto be freestanding (i.e., not attached to buildings), in accordance with the National Electrical Code,ANSI/NFPA 70 and Model Building Codes. These products are for all applications - residential,commercial, and utility.
UL 2703 provides installers, building officials and inspectors with a method for evaluating thebonding/grounding, mechanical loading, and fire performance characteristics of a PV racking
system and demonstrating compliance with code requirements. There are three attributes:- Bonding/grounding electrically connects all accessible potentially conductive parts andprovides a ground return path.
- Fire classification (Class A, B, or C) determines the resistance to external fire exposure
when the rack mounting system is installed in combination with specific PV modules andaccording to the PV mounting system installation instructions.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201612-

Mechanical loading determines the minimum design load rating in the directions of
downward pressures, upward pressure, and down-slope load.

If the system is not being used to bond the attached modules, then a listing to thebonding/grounding attribute is not required. Fire classification is not required on all structures.
Mechanical loading may be determined by the registered design professional (such as a registeredstructural engineer or licensed contractor) for the specific installation. However each system needs
to be evaluated for the attribute(s) required for a specific installation. The certification information
posted on www.ul.com/database for the rack mounting system manufacturer identifies what
specific PV modules have been evaluated with each system to which attributes.
The code authority must be aware of the following key factors to ensure a code-compliant
installation:
●
●
●

●

Rack system manufacturer and model
The components of the specific rack system
Specific UL 2703 listing attributes○ Fire classification in combination with the installed modules○ Bonding/grounding in combination with the installed modules○ Mechanical loading
Rack system installation instructions

Fire Classification is the method used to determine the resistance to light (Class C), moderate(Class B), and severe (Class A) external fire exposure for roofing assemblies in accordance with
Section 1505 of the International Building Code. Each rack mounting system is tested with specifictypes of photovoltaic modules (Types 1 through 15) in accordance with UL 2703 established theFire Classification (Class A, B, or C) of the rooftop mounted photovoltaic system. Rack mounting
systems not evaluated for a Fire Classification are marked “Not Fire Rated”.

Rapid Shutdown Systems:

PV Rapid Shutdown System Equipment (QIJW) covers pieces of equipment intended for use in
rapid shutdown systems and suitable for field installation in accordance with the NEC. Thisequipment provides specific functionality that allows it to be combined and/or interconnected withother rapid shutdown system equipment This equipment is intended to be installed as part of a PV
system in conjunction with other equipment to perform functions related to rapid shutdown –including but not limited to combiners, disconnects, actuators, attenuators, indicators, and/or othersystem equipment. The operability of complete rapid shutdown system built from devices covered
under this category has not been determined as part of this certification.
PV Rapid Shutdown Systems (QIJS) are intended to be installed as part of the PV array system.
These systems have been evaluated at the systems level for performance in PV rapid shutdown
applications.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201613

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Section 690.12 of the 2014 NEC requires that PV system circuits installed on or in buildings must
include a rapid shutdown function that controls specific conductors in the PV system to assist
emergency responders. PV rapid shutdown equipment that is listed by UL is covered under two
different product categories.

PV Accessory Equipment
PV accessory equipment (QIIO) include:










Actuators
Blocking diodes
Conduit boxes
Connectors
Controllers (control boxes)
Communication modules
Disconnects
Distribution panels
Transition boxes

A combiner may be required where fusing for each module source circuit is identified by themodule manufacturer. Manufacturer’s installation instructions for combiner boxes include:

Wire size
Terminal Ratings and torque values
Mounting orientation / Location
NEMA enclosure rating

A charge controller (QIBP) is a device to control the charging process of energy storage products
such as batteries. These devices are necessary to match the output voltage of the DG source withthe rated voltage of the battery or other storage medium. They also control the level and rate ofcharge to prevent damage to the storage medium.
An output controller is a device external to an inverter, converter or utility interactive distributed
generation source that performs utility interface functions including over- and under-voltage, overand under-frequency, synchronization, and anti-islanding protection.
PV panels are inherently limited sources and are not provided with direct output overcurrent
protection. They are designed to operate within 20% of the short circuit current. The NEC® Section
690.5 requires a means to detect a ground fault in the PV system caused by abuse, wear, cutting,and pinching of the wire. Ground fault detector interrupters (QIIO) interrupt the flow of fault current,
and provide an indication of the fault. Inverters and controllers either incorporate these devices orare marked to require these devices to be added in the field.
PV Wire (ZKLA)
PV wire has been specifically designed for interconnection wiring of grounded and ungrounded
photovoltaic power systems as described in NEC® Section 690.31(A). This wire is asingle-conductor, insulated and integrally or non-integrally jacketed, sunlight resistant, rated 90,
105, 125 or 150°C dry, and 90°C wet, 600, 1000 or 2000 V. The basic requirements used toinvestigate the wire is UL 4703. The wire is labeled “Photovoltaic Wire”.
Tapping Busbars in Panelboards and Switchboards
Panelboards and deadfront switchboards are not Listed to have their busbars tapped unless there
are existing holes in the busbars marked with the word “Tap” adjacent to the holes. Other holes in
Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201614

the busbar that are not marked with the word “Tap” are intended for the connection of overcurrent
devices, other device’s as identified by the product markings and in the installation instructions orother uses identified by the manufacturer. When the electrical equipment Listing does not include
product markings or instructions for tapping busbars, this situation should be treated like any otherfield modification of Listed equipment.
Some Listed power equipment may have installation instructions with specific directions on tapping
the busbars. If this is the case, this equipment can be field modified, following those manufacturer’s
instructions, in accordance with the National Electrical Code® (NEC) Section 110.3(B). UL ProductSpec identifies the required markings for field-installed equipment that have been evaluated by UL.
For additional information, please see the guide information for panelboards (QEUY) and fordead-front switchboards (WEVZ) at www.ul.com/productspec .
If not addressed in the manufacturers installation instructions, any field modifications to listed
equipment must be UL Field Evaluated or the Code Official may evaluate the field modifications
according to NEC Section 110.3(A). A terminal or provision for a terminal in a panelboard or
switchboard which has been evaluated for use as a tap, other than those to be used by the supply
utility for voltage metering pick-up, are marked “Tap” in the factory. Drilling or enlarging holes inbusbars can increase the current density and reduce current carrying capacity. Some equipment isconstructed with fully rated busbars, which have a typical current density of 1000 A per square inchof cross sectional area for copper and 750 A per square inch of cross sectional area for aluminum.
However, some equipment uses busbars at a higher current density and have temperature testing
conducted to determine compliance with UL’s requirements.

Wire connectors (lugs) need to be Listed for the purpose and have the proper ratings for specificapplication, and the mounting hardware for wire connectors needs to be properly selected andattached with the correct torque. The potential reduction of required spacings from the wire
connectors or fasteners to the enclosure or other busbars also needs to be evaluated. In completingthe modification, all foreign material such as cutting oil, burrs and metal shavings needs tobe removed from the equipment enclosure. Temporarily removed materials such as insulating
barriers need to be returned to their original positions and secured. The above are just a few of theconcerns and items that must be inspected, checked and reviewed where such modifications are
made to this type equipment.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201615

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Removing busbar material can result in higher operating temperatures, and additional holes canpotentially weaken the busbar, which adversely affects the short circuit rating of the equipment
required by NEC Section 110.10. Both sufficient wiring space and wire bending space need to beprovided for the conductors and the wire connector at the tap connection. In measuring the wiring
space, code officials need to consider the possibility of the connectors rotating, which may result in
reduction of the spacing between uninsulated live parts of opposite polarity and uninsulated live
parts and ground.

3. ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEMS
There are different types of energy storage systems - lead-acid, lithium and other various forms of electrical,
electro-chemical, thermal, and mechanical energy used in uninterrupted power supply (UPS) and energy
storage devices.
UL published the first safety standard, UL 9540, for energy storage systems (ESS). This standard includes
electrical, electro-chemical, mechanical and other types of energy storage technologies for systems intended
to supply electrical energy. UL 9540 covers a comprehensive review of energy storage systems, including
charging, discharging, protection, control, communication between devices, fluids movement and otheraspects.
UL 9540 provides a basis for the safety of ESS that includes reference to critical technology safety standards
and codes, such as UL 1973, UL 1741, IEEE 1547 and 1547.1, CSA FC1, NFPA 70, NFPA 2, ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, and ASME B31 piping codes. UL 9540 includes additional criteria to addressmaterials, enclosures (including walk-in enclosures), controls, piping, utility grid interaction (including special
purpose interactive systems), hazardous moving parts, signage and instructions.
ESS certification can be achieved through a product testing engagement (typically for off-the-shelf ESS
products) or through an on-site, non-destructive field evaluation for unique systems. The risks of stationary
batteries can be determined by evaluating to UL 1973 (LER and Stationary Batteries).

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201616

4. THERMAL SOLAR SYSTEMS
Thermal solar systems involve direct utilization of solar energy for space heating, space cooling
and/or water heating systems. The basic requirements used to investigate products in thesesystems are contained in UL 1279.
UL’s Solar Energy Systems Equipment product categories are:








Solar Energy Systems Equipment (UZST)
Controllers, Electrical, Solar (UZVY)
Thermal Storage Units, Solar (UZWW)
Water Heaters, Solar (UZWZ)Collectors, Solar (UZUW)Energy Transfer Units, Solar (UZWT)Radiant Heating Hose (MEKC)

Product installation concerns include:






Environment (unless evident for outdoors or marked as such, indoor use only)
Type of storage media or fluid
Max temperature and pressure ratings
Roof classification
Mounting methods

Applicable installation codes and standards are UMC Chapter 15; IMC Chapter 14; IBC Chapters
15, 16, and 26; and USEC. The codes include specific requirements for roof mounting of thecollectors, heat transfer fluids, and equipment and materials.

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Using solar for thermal heating provides credits in various green building codes and standards,
such as Section 704.3.2 of ICC 700.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201617

5. FUEL CELLS AND HYDROGEN GENERATORS
A typical Fuel Cell is an electrochemical device that converts hydrogen into electrical energy andheat. Current technologies are the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), thephosphoric-acid fuel cell (PAFC), the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), and the molten carbide fuel cell
(MOFC).
The technology is broad and includes a wide variety of applications. Currently, UL evaluates
stationary fuel cells used as electric power sources for residential and commercial and backup
voltage sources for uninterruptible power supplies for critical computer and telephone applications(IRGZ), portable battery replacement power sources for cell phones and other electronicequipment (IRGU), battery replacement power sources for industrial trucks (IRGQ), Additionally,fuel cells are beginning to be used by the utility companies as a source of supplemental power
during periods of peak demand.
A basic summary of a fuel cell power system is that it consists of either a reformer to extracthydrogen from fuel or can be supplied with a direct source of hydrogen, a fuel cell, and power
conditioning circuitry which may include an inverter. Applicable codes and standards are NFPA
853, NEC Articles 692 and 705, CSA FC-1, UL 2262, UL 2265A, UL 2265C, ANSI/UL 2267, UL
1741, IFGC Section 633, IMC Section 924, and UMC Chapter 16.

PEM Fuel Cell technology

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201618

6. ENGINE GENERATORS AND MICROTURBINES
Microturbine and engine generator products are electricity-producing assemblies typically locatedat or near the point of use. They are typically installed so that back-up (standby or emergency)
power is available to the user in the event of a utility grid failure. In some installations, these units
can be connected in parallel with the local electric utility power grid and used for peak shaving orexcess power can be sold back to the utility. In other applications, microturbines and engine
generators are located off the grid in rural and remote areas where they provide the sole source ofpower (prime or continuous), or they operate in combination with other sources such as
photovoltaic or wind turbine installations.
Internal combustion gasoline, natural gas, propane and diesel engines from the automotive andmarine industries have been coupled to rotating field alternator and generator devices for many
years. In addition, the turbine engines now being coupled to high-speed generators in microturbine
applications are from the same family of small jet engines that have been employed in the military
and transportation industries for the past 50 years. These systems are considered to employ themost reliable power producing technologies ever used in stand-alone and distributed systems.
Tests for stationary engine generators are conducted in accordance with the requirements of UL
2200, which include an evaluation of fire hazards, electric shock hazards, casualty hazards(including power interruption consequences) and reliability analysis. Additional tests may be
conducted based on NFPA 110 and to deal with special situations such as the evaluation to showthat abnormal leakage is handled appropriately, or gas component sections of the product are
ventilated as designed.
Tests for portable engine generators are conducted in accordance with UL 2201. The electricalevaluation includes control panels, safety control reliability analysis, cycling durability tests, circuit
analysis, and system software. The mechanical evaluation includes fuel tanks, venting, and the
combustion engine.

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Model installation code requirements for engine generators are covered in IFGC Section 616, IMC
Section 915, IBC Section 2702, IFC Section 604 NFPA 37, NFPA 99, and NFPA 110.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
19

7. WIND TURBINE GENERATING SYSTEMS
Large and small wind turbine generating systems and assemblies (ZGAA)Wind turbine generating systems produce electric power from a wind driven generator. Wind
turbines consist of blades, hub, generator, drive train, support structure, control, power collection,
power distribution and protection systems. Small wind turbine generating systems (ZGEN) areconsidered to be wind turbines where a user or service person cannot or is not intended to enter theturbine to operate it or perform maintenance. Large wind turbine generating systems (ZGEA) areconsidered to be wind turbines where a user or service person may, or is intended to, enter theturbine to operate it or perform maintenance. Large Wind Turbine Assemblies (ZGBP) and small
wind turbine sub-assemblies (ZGZJ), consisting of various electrical hardware components andsubassemblies constructed and interconnected in accordance with electrical safety requirements,
are used to create a complete wind turbine.
These systems are evaluated for risk of fire and shock, including safety related control systemelectrical performance and utility grid-interconnect performance for Utility Interactive models. The
basic requirements used to evaluate large and small wind turbine generating systems, and large
and small wind turbine assemblies, and safety related control systems, is UL 6140-1.
The electrical equipment systems are intended for installation in accordance with the requirements
in NEC® Article 705. Mounting means, support structures, wind turbine blades, and/or rotors are
only evaluated to the extent that they include the necessary electrical components to comply withthe applicable electrical safety standards. Local wind, snow, and seismic loading, and local soil
conditions are unique for each jobsite location, and thus should be evaluated by the local
jurisdiction.
Safety Related Control Systems (ZGCP)
Safety Related Control Systems consist of electrical hardware and software which operate tocontrol and protect the wind turbine generating system, and functions up to the electro-mechanicalinterface of the associated power and control circuits. These systems are for use with specific windturbine generating systems as defined by each product’s UL Classification.
These systems are evaluated to perform specific wind turbine control and protection functions tomaintain the overall system within the manufacturer’s specified operational limits. These control
and protection functions are evaluated with respect to risk of electric shock and fire, and electricalresponse time. It is intended that the electrical subassemblies that address power transfer control
and protection functions evaluated by UL be coordinated with a mechanical and structural
evaluation of the wind turbine generating system in accordance with standards such as the IEC
Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201620

61400 series documents or Germanischer Lloyd WindEnergie GMBH: Guideline for the
Certification of Wind Turbines documents.
The Safety Related Controls System embodies the “Controls System” and “Protection System”
functions defined in IEC 61400 and Germanischer Lloyd WindEnergie GMBH: Guideline for the
Certification of Wind Turbines documents, GL-IV.
Inverters and Converters (ZGFA)
Inverters are devices that change DC power to AC power. Converters are devices that accept AC or
DC input power and convert it to another form of AC or DC power for direct utilization by a load or
accumulation in an energy storage system (batteries, capacitors, etc.).
Both of these devices are classed as Utility Interactive, Stand-alone or Multimode. Utility Interactive
devices operate in parallel with the utility grid. Stand-alone devices are intended to operate
independent of the utility grid. Multimode devices can operate as both or either Stand-alone (utility
independent) or Utility Interactive devices. Each product is marked to identify its class.
Electric utility grid interconnection performance is evaluated to limits defined by the manufacturer
for synchronization, overvoltage, undervoltage, overfrequency, underfrequency, clearing times,
reconnect time, power factor, DC injection, harmonic distortion, unintentional islanding, power
range and low voltage ride-through (if provided).
Inverters and converters may contain energy storage devices and associated charge controllers.
Some devices must be installed and operated with an external transformer. Such devices areprovided with markings and instructions to indicate the type of transformer required. Some devices
may require external input and / or output overcurrent protection, which will be specified in productmarkings and installation instructions.

The basic requirements used to evaluate inverters and converters is UL 6141, which requires that
all converters be evaluated for both normal and abnormal conditions associated with the application(less electric utility “grid” interconnection protection). For electric utility connected converters thisincludes the evaluation of the unit’s ability to parallel two sources of power, operate during normal
utility operating conditions, provide a minimum level of output power quality including DC injection
and operate safely during abnormal utility grid conditions defined by the manufacturer’s specified
product ratings.
Products that have not been evaluated for electric utility “grid” interconnection protection will bemarked to indicate that the electric utility grid interconnection protection functions have not been
evaluated and need to be addressed at the end installation with the local utility AHJ per local codesand standards. This will often require the installation of additional electric utility interconnection
protection equipment and field-testing per the local utility interconnection requirements.

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
21

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

Some devices in this category must be installed and operated with an external transformer. Suchdevices are provided with markings and instructions to indicate the type of transformer required.
These products may require external output overcurrent protection, which will be specified in
product markings and installation instructions.

APPENDIX AUL ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PRODUCT CATEGORIESUL does list this type of equipment and continues to develop new product categories to address thesafety issues associated with this type of equipment. Below is a list of product categories that UL
currently lists to address these types of products. Each product category is tabulated with a UL
Category Code. You can access the UL Guide Information and Certifications for each category
using the Category Code search on UL Product Spec at www.ul.com/productspec or on the UL
Online Certifications Directory at www.ul.com/database.

Category
Code

Category NameQHWJ, FCHD

Distributed generation power systems equipment

QIKH
QIKF
QPPY
FFZS
QPQL
QIIO
QIJL
FSPC
FSCO
QHZR
QHZS

Static Inverters, Converters and Accessories for Use in
Independent Power Systems
Special-purpose Inverters, Converters andAccessories for Use in Electric Power Systems
Power Converters/Inverters and Power
Converter/Inverter Systems
Power Converters for Use in Electric Land Vehicles
Converter and Inverter Systems -- Marine
Distributed Generation Power Systems Accessory
Equipment

Standard UsedUL 1741
UL 1741
UL 458
UL 458A
UL 458
UL 1741

UL 1703, UL 1741,
and/or UL 2200
Energy and Industrial Systems Certified for Functional UL 991, UL 1998, UL
Safety61496-1
UL 991, UL 1998, UL
Functional Safety Certificates Only
61496-1
Distributed Generation CableUL 3003
Distributed Generation Wiring Systems and Harnesses UL 9703
Distributed Resource Power Systems

Photovoltaics
QHYZ
QIGU
QIIA
QIGZ
FCJU
QICP
QIHC
QIHS

AC Modules
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels with System Voltage
Ratings Over 600 Volts
Remanufactured Photovoltaic Modules and Panels
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels for use in Hazardous
LocationsConcentrator Photovoltaic Modules and Assemblies
Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules and Assemblies
Certified to IEC 62108 and/or CEI 82-85
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels Classified in
Accordance with IEC 61646 and/or EN 61646 and/or
CSA C61646

UL 1703 and UL 1741
UL 1703, IEEE 1262
UL 1703
UL 1703
UL 1703
UL 8703
IEC 62108, CEI 82-85
IEC 61646 and/or EN
61646 and/or CSA
C61646

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
22

QIHO

Photovoltaic Modules and Panels Classified in
Accordance with IEC 61730-1 and 61730-2 and/or EN
61730-1 and 61730-2
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels Classified in
Accordance with IEC 61215 and/or EN 61215 and/or
CSA C61215

QHZK, TFXX,
TGFU

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Modules & Panels

QHZQ

Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Mounting Systems

QHZU
QIMY
QIJW
QIJS
QIBP
FCJC
QIKA
QIMS
ZKLA
IZMR
JFGA
JDDZ
JDVS
DIUR
QIDC
NMSJ
WHXX
WIBC
WJBE
WHVA
VZCA
BBFX
FTBW
UZST
UZUW
UZVY
UZWT
UZWW

Flat-plate, Low-concentration Photovoltaic Modules
and Panels
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels – PV GAP Mark
Photovoltaic Rapid Shutdown System Equipment
Photovoltaic Rapid Shutdown Systems
Photovoltaic Charge Controllers
Photovoltaic Charge Controllers for Use in Hazardous
LocationsPhotovoltaic Solar Trackers
Mounting Systems, Mounting Devices, Clamping
Devices and Ground Lugs for use with Flat-pate
Photovoltaic Modules and Panels
Photovoltaic Wire
Fuseholders, Photovoltaic
Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems
Cartridge Fuses, Nonrenewable
Fuse Accessories
Circuit Breakers, Molded Case and Circuit-breaker
Enclosures for Use in Photovoltaic Systems
Photovoltaic DC Arc-fault Circuit Protection
Photovoltaic Manual Disconnect Switches
Switches, Dead-front for Use in Photovoltaic Systems
Switches, Enclosed for Use in Photovoltaic Systems
Switches, Molded Case, for Use in Photovoltaic
Systems
Switches, Open Type for Use in Photovoltaic Systems
Surge Protective Devices
Energy Storage Systems
Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail and Stationary
Applications
Energy Storage Systems and Equipment
Thermal Solar - Solar Energy Systems Equipment
Solar collectors
Electrical solar controllers
Energy transfer units
Thermal storage units

IEC 61730-1 and61730-2 and/or EN
61730-1 and 61730-2
IEC 61215 and/or EN
61215 and/or CSA
C61215
UL 1703, UL 790,
UL 997
UL 1703, UL 790,
UL 997
UL 8703 or UL 1703
IEC 61215, IEC 61646
UL 1741
UL 1741
UL 1741
UL 1741
UL 3703
UL 2703
UL 4703
UL 4248-19
UL 248-19
UL 248-19
UL 248-19
UL 489B
UL 1699B
UL 508 and UL 508I
UL 98BUL 98BUL 489B
UL 98A and UL 98B
UL 1449
UL 1973
UL 9540
UL 1279
UL 1279
UL 1279
UL 1279

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 2016
23

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

QIHZ

UZWZ

Alternative-energy Water Storage Tanks andMulti-energy and Indirect Water Heaters

IRGN

Fuel Cells and Hydrogen Generators

IRGQ

Industrial trucks

IRGU

Handheld fuel cells

IRGZ
NCBR

Stationary fuel cells
Hydrogen generators

FTCA

Engine Generators and Microturbines

FTSR
FTPU

FTCN
FTCZ

Stationary Engine Generators
Engine Generators fueled by biogas or raw natural gas
Stationary Engine Generators for use in Hazardous
LocationsPortable Engine Generators
Engine Generators for use with Recreational Vehicles

EFVT

Special purpose tanks

FTWG

FTVV
FTWD

Engine control equipment and Engine Generators for
Use in Hazardous Locations
Engine controls for Use in Hazardous Locations

FTWL
JZGZ
IUXX

Ignition controls for Use in Hazardous Locations
Generator heads
Fuel Gas Booster Compressor Equipment

ZGAA

Wind Turbine Generating Systems

ZGEA

ZGEN

Large wind turbine generating systems
Large wind turbine generating assemblies,
Construction only
Small wind turbine generating systems

ZGZJWind turbine generating system sub-assemblies

ZGTA
ZGDT
ZGCP
ZGFA
ZGZN

Wind Turbine Tower Assemblies
Wind Turbine Drive-train Systems and Equipment
Safety-related control systems
Inverters/converters
Wind turbine tray cable
Circuit Breakers, Molded-case Circuit Breakers andMolded-case Switches for Use in Wind Turbines
Installation of Lightning Protection Systems for Wind
Turbines
Lightning Protection Assemblies for Wind Turbines

ZGBP

DIXM
ZGBI
ZGBS

UL 174, UL 1453

UL 2267
UL 2265A or
UL 2265C
ANSI/CSA FC-1
UL 2264B
UL 2200
UL 2200
UL 2200
UL 2201
UL 1248
UL 142, UL 2085,
UL 2080

UL 508, UL 61010-1,
UL 6200
UL 1012
UL 1004-1, UL 1004-4
UL 2200
UL 6141
UL 6141
UL 6142
IEC 61400-1 or
IEC 61400-2
UL 6141
UL 6141
UL 6141
UL 6141
UL 2277
UL 489C
NFPA 780 or IEC 61400
NFPA 780 or IEC 61400

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201624

APPENDIX B: ALTERNATE ENERGY CODES AND STANDARDS
Alternative energy equipment must be installed in accordance with model codes and installation
standards. These codes require these products to be listed and labeled in accordance withapplicable product standards.
UL standards are typically identified as Standards for Safety and cover reasonably foreseeable
risks associated with a product. Limitations applicable to the products covered by the standard aredelineated in the Scope section of the standard. UL standards are intended to:

Identify requirements for evaluation of products and provide consistency in theapplication of these requirements.
Provide guidance for development of products by manufacturers.
Provide requirements compatible with nationally recognized installation codes

CEI 82-25
CSA FC-1
EN 61215
EN 61646
EN 61730-1
EN 61730-2
IBC
ICC 700
IFC
IFGC
IGCC
IMC
IEC 61215
IEC 61400-24
IEC 61646
IEC 61730-1
IEC 61730-2
IEC 62108
IEEE 1262

Guide for Design and Installation of Photovoltaic (PV) Systems
Connected to MV and LV Networks
Standard for Stationary Fuel Cell Power Systems
Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Design
qualification and type approval
Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Design qualification andapproval
Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification - Part 1: Requirements
for Construction
Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification - Part 2: Requirements
for Testing
International Building CodeNational Green Building Standard
International Fire CodeInternational Fuel Gas CodeInternational Green Construction CodeInternational Mechanical Code
Crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Design
qualification and type approvalWind Turbines - Part 24: Lightning Protection
Thin-film terrestrial photovoltaic modules - Design qualification andapproval
Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification - Part 1: Requirements
for Construction
Photovoltaic (PV) Module Safety Qualification - Part 2: Requirements
for Testing
Concentrator Photovoltaic (CPV) Modules and Assemblies - Design
Qualification and Type ApprovalIEEE Recommended practice for qualification of photovoltaic (PV)
Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201625

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

An UL Outline of Investigation is a document that contains the construction, performance, andmarking criteria used by UL to investigate a product when the product is not covered by the scope ofan existing UL Standard for Safety. Outlines are not consensus documents and do not require
review by an UL Standards Technical Panel (STP) or other external group.

IEEE 1547
NEC (NFPA 70)
NFGC (NFPA 54)
NFPA 1 (UFC)NFPA 37
NFPA 54 (NFGC)NFPA 70 (NEC)NFPA 99
NFPA 110
NFPA 780
NFPA 853
UL 98AUL 98BUL 248-19
UL 458

UL 458A
UL 489B

UL 489C
UL 508
UL 508I
UL 790
UL 997
UL 1004-1
UL 1004-4
UL 1248
UL 1279
UL 1449
UL 1699B
UL 1703
UL 1741

UL 1973

modulesIEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with
Electric Power Systems
National Electrical CodeNational Fuel Gas Code
Uniform Fire CodeStandard for the Installation and Use of Stationary Combustion
Engines and Gas Turbines
National Fuel Gas CodeNational Electrical CodeStandard for Health Care Facilities
Standard for Emergency and Standby Power Systems
Installation of Lightning Protection Systems
Standard for the Installation of Stationary Fuel Cell Power Plants
Outline of Investigation for Open-Type Switches
Outline for Enclosed and Dead-Front Switches for Use in
Photovoltaic Systems
Standard for Safety for Low Voltage Fuses – Part 19: Photovoltaic
Fuses
Standard for Safety of Power Converters/Inverters and Power
Converter/Inverter Systems for Land Vehicles and Marine Crafts
Outline of Investigation for Power Converters/Inverters for ElectricLand Vehicles
Standard for Safety for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers, Molded-Case
Switches, and Circuit-Breaker Enclosures For Use With Photovoltaic(PV) Systems
Outline of Investigation for Molded-Case Circuit Breakers andMolded-Cases Switches for Use with Wind Turbines
Standard for Safety for Industrial Control Equipment
Outline for Disconnect Switches Intended for Use in Photovoltaic
Systems
Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Roof Coverings
Standard Test Methods for Wind Resistance of Prepared RoofCovering Materials
Standard for Safety for Rotating Electrical Machines - General
Requirements
Standard for Safety for Electric Generators
Standard for Safety of Engine-Generator Assemblies for Use in
Recreational Vehicles
Outline of Investigation for Solar Collectors
Standard for Safety for Surge Protective Devices
Outline of Investigation for Photovoltaic (PV) DC Arc-Fault CircuitProtection
Standard for Safety of Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels
Standard for Safety of Inverters, Converters, Controllers andInterconnection System Equipment for Use With Distributed Energy
Resources
Outline of Investigation for Batteries for Use in Light Electric Rail
Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201626

UL 2264B
UL 2265A

UL 2265CUL 2267
UL 2277
UL 2579
UL 2703

UL 2736
UL 2903
UL 3003
UL 3703
UL 3730
UL 4248-19
UL 4703
UL 5703

UL 6141
UL 6142
UL 6703
UL 8703
UL 9540
UL 9703
UMC
USEHC(LER) Applications and Stationary Applications
Standard for Stationary Engine Generator Assemblies
Standard for Safety of Portable Engine-Generator Assemblies
Outline of Investigation for Portable Proton Exchange Membrane(PEM) Type Fuel Cell Power Plants With or Without Uninterruptible
Power Supply (UPS) Features and Portable Proton Exchange
Membrane (PEM) Type Fuel Cell Modules for Factory Installation in
Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) Type Equipment, for Indoor
Use
Outline of Investigation for Hydrogen Generators Using Water
Reaction
Outline of Investigation for Hand-held or Hand-Transportable Fuel
Cell Power Units with Disposable Methanol Fuel Cartridges for use in
Original Equipment Manufacturer's Information Technology
Equipment
Outline of Investigation for Hand-Held or Hand-Transportable
Alkaline (Direct Borohydride) Fuel Cell Power Units And Borohydride
Fuel Cartridges For Use With Consumer Electronics or Information
Technology Equipment.
Standard for Fuel Cell Power Systems for Installation in Industrial
Electric Trucks
Outline of Investigation for Flexible Motor Supply Cable and Wind
Turbine Tray Cable
Outline for Low-Voltage Fuses - Fuses for Photovoltaic Systems
Standard for Safety for Mounting Systems, Mounting Devices,
Clamping/Retention Devices, and Ground Lugs for use with
Flat-Plate Photovoltaic Modules and Panels
Outline for Single Pole Separable Interconnecting Cable Connectors
for Use with Wind Turbine Generating Systems
Outline for Solar Tracker Power and Control Cable
Outline of Investigation for Distributed Generation Cables
Standard for Safety for Solar Trackers
Standard for Safety for Photovoltaic Junction Boxes
Standard for Safety for Fuseholders - Part 18: Photovoltaic
Standard for Safety for Photovoltaic Wire
Outline for Determination of the Maximum Operating Temperature
Rating of Photovoltaic (PV) Backsheet Materials
Standard for Wind Turbine Converters and Interconnection Systems
Equipment
Standard for Safety for Small Wind Turbine Systems
Standard for Safety for Connectors for Use in Photovoltaic Systems
Outline of Investigation for Concentrator Photovoltaic Modules andAssemblies
Outline of Investigation for Energy Storage Systems and Equipment
Outline for Distributed Generation Wiring Harnesses
Uniform Mechanical Code
Uniform Solar Energy and Hydronics CodeAlternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201627

Alternative Energy Equipment andSystems Marking and Application Guide

UL 2200
UL 2201
UL 2262APPENDIX CPHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS STANDARDS AND UL CERTIFICATION CATEGORIES

Alternative Energy Equipment and Systems Marking and Application Guide
UL and the UL logo are trademarks of UL LLC © 201628