JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH

Weijers et al

Original Paper

Designing a Personalized Health Dashboard: Interdisciplinary andParticipatory Approach
Miriam Weijers1,2*, MSc, MD; Caroline Bastiaenen3, PhD; Frans Feron2, Prof Dr; Kay Schröder4*, Prof Dr
1

Department of Preventive Child Health Care, Municipal Health Services, Southern Limburg, Heerlen, Netherlands

2

Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, Netherlands
3

Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University,
Maastricht, Netherlands
4

Data Visualization, Zuyd University of Applied Sciences, Heerlen, Netherlands*

these authors contributed equally

Corresponding Author:
Miriam Weijers, MSc, MD
Department of Social Medicine
Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences
Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University
Postbus 616
Maastricht, 6200 MD
Netherlands
Phone: 31 +31646442957
Email: miriam.weijers@ggdzl.nl

Abstract
Background: Within the Dutch Child Health Care (CHC), an online tool (360° CHILD-profile) is designed to enhance prevention
and transformation toward personalized health care. From a personalized preventive perspective, it is of fundamental importanceto timely identify children with emerging health problems interrelated to multiple health determinants. While digitalization ofchildren’s health data is now realized, the accessibility of data remains a major challenge for CHC professionals, let alone forparents/youth. Therefore, the idea was initiated from CHC practice to develop a novel approach to make relevant information
accessible at a glance.
Objective: This paper describes the stepwise development of a dashboard, as an example of using a design model to achieve
visualization of a comprehensive overview of theoretically structured health data.
Methods: Developmental process is based on the nested design model with involvement of relevant stakeholders in a real-life
context. This model considers immediate upstream validation within 4 cascading design levels: Domain Problem and Data
Characterization, Operation and Data Type Abstraction, Visual Encoding and Interaction Design, and Algorithm Design. Thismodel also includes impact-oriented downstream validation, which can be initiated after delivering the prototype.
Results: A comprehensible 360° CHILD-profile is developed: an online accessible visualization of CHC data based on thetheoretical concept of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. This dashboard provides caregivers
and parents/youth with a holistic view on children’s health and “entry points” for preventive, individualized health plans.
Conclusions: Describing this developmental process offers guidance on how to utilize the nested design model within a healthcare context.
(JMIR Form Res 2021;5(2):e24061) doi: 10.2196/24061
KEYWORDS
visualization design model; dashboard; evaluation; personalized health care; International Classification of Functioning, Disabilityand Health (ICF); patient access to records; human–computer interaction; health information visualization

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Introduction

regarding reliability and validity, when used by CHC medical
doctors to assess child functioning [14].

The Dutch Preventive Child Health Care (CHC), as part ofpublic health, monitors children’s health and their continuumof development with focus on protecting and promoting healthand providing context for optimal development. This implicates
preventing disease progression at early stages of a “growing
into deficit,” when symptoms do not cluster to a diagnosis or
are even absent yet [1]. It is not easy to timely redirect thesecomplex dynamics underlying health. The Bio-Psycho-Social
perspective on health (BPS) displays the complexity byconceptualizing health as a result of lifelong, multidimensional
interactions
betweenindividual(biological–genetic)characteristics and contextual factors [2].

The 360° CHILD-profile seemed a promising new tool, but
further development was needed to deliver a suitable andfunctional dashboard, ready to be introduced to CHC practice.
To realize meaningful visualization of complex healthinformation with sufficient user satisfaction and essential
performance in practice, it is important that such adevelopmental process is guided by appropriate design models.

This makes prevention challenging, but it is crucial to effectively
address current burden of chronic diseases [3]. It is even a
prerequisite that the current health care system, which is mostly
reactive (ie, treatment after a diagnosis), transforms toward
personalized health care (PHC) [4]. According to Snyderman,
PHC includes the concepts prevention, prediction,
personalization, and participation and to fully adopt theseconcepts within practice, the availability of qualitative, holistic
health information is required [5,6].
The preventive CHC offers a unique platform to adopt these
PHC concepts, as CHC (from birth on) digitally registers a broad
spectrum of information about interrelated health determinantsin child and environment [1,7]. Yet, the holistic healthinformation, stored in the CHC’s electronic medical dossier(EMD), is insufficiently accessible to effectively perform PHC.
The actual data flow is time-consuming due to an inconsistent,
nontheoretical structure of the EMD [8-10]. This challenges
CHC professionals to gain clear overview of relevant CHC data
within the limited timeframe available during consultations withparents and other caregivers. Consequently, CHC professionals
are hindered in obtaining integral insight into the interrelated
health determinants in child and environment, let alone parents
and youth.
To acquire better overview of meaningful data, indispensable
for interpretation of holistic health information, the idea wasinitiated from CHC practice to develop a novel approach forsummarizing health data about child and its environment in 1
image [2,11]. Visualization design offers efficient opportunities
to make holistic health information accessible at a glance andconform to the relevant theoretical perspective [12,13].
The initial idea was first converted into rough drafts ofrepresentation of CHC health information. To enable generationof informal development ideas, the researchers presented firstdrafts to parents, youth, and CHC professionals and asked fortheir reaction. Stakeholder’s feedback on these first drafts during
interviews (parents) and focus group meetings (professionals)
was positive concerning comprehensibility, relevance,
acceptability, and feasibility. A pilot study of an early-on versionof the 360° CHILD-profile also showed positive results

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The main aim of this paper is to offer guidance on how to utilize
a design model to visualize and structure health data in a healthcare context with a heterogeneous target group. As an example,
we describe the systematic development and immediate
validation (as far as possible) of a comprehensible 360°
CHILD-profile: an online accessible visualization of CHC data.
The ultimate goal of this multifunctional tool for preventive
CHC practice is to visualize the coherence between healthdomains in a way that it guides analytic thought processes ofboth care providers and parents/youth in line with BPS
perspective on health and PHC. This paper focusses on
describing the overall development process of a visualization
tool to offer a clear, representative content generalizable tovarious subfields and disciplines in health care.

Methods
Process Development and Prototype
The developmental process of the 360° CHILD-profile is basedon a nested design model, adapted from Munzner [15] (Figure1). This model describes different levels of design that are
structured within 4 cascading levels that consider an immediate
upstream validation (toward delivering a suitable prototype ofthe dashboard) as well as impact-oriented downstream validationof the prototype (toward the effective performance of thedashboard in daily CHC practice).
The prototype of the CHILD-profile is developed within auser-centered design process [16] and relevant stakeholders
were involved during every level of design. For each designlevel, new participants were recruited. During this project, we
collaborated in an interdisciplinary expert group including CHC
professionals and researchers with expertise on CHC context,
epidemiology, human–computer interaction, and information
visualization in health care. This approach, combining expertisefrom the medical field with expertise on information
visualization, is rather new but particularly useful in this healthcare context to increase the likelihood of the intended healthoutcome [17].
The Medical Ethics Committee of the Maastricht University
Medical Centre approved this design process (METC azM/UM
17-4-083).
Before starting the first level of the nested design model, aliterature research was performed with focus on theoreticalmodels for health and background of the Dutch preventive CHC
to identify the information needed for each design level.

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Figure 1. The nested design model, adapted from Munzner [15]. The upper part shows the relevant stages of upstream validation, while the bottom
part shows the different dimensions of downstream validation.

Domain Problem and Data Characterization
On the first level, it was of vital importance to bridge theinformation asymmetry between relevant stakeholders,
researchers, and designers to get a common understanding ofuser, domain, and task [18]. To achieve this while considering
the privacy of the users, we first conducted role games, in which
CHC consultations were re-enacted in a real-life situation withkey stakeholders (CHC professionals, parents, and youth). A
schematic approach (summative representation of data to makesense of complex, nuanced information and enable team-based
analysis) was used to observe and interpret interpersonal
interactions [19]. In the second step, interviews with participantsof the role games as well as other CHC professionals werecarried out to get a deeper understanding of the process andrelated requirements from the perspective of individual
stakeholders. Role games and interviews were audio recorded.
Recordings were summarized and, after discussion by a teamof researchers, relevant findings were listed.
Finally, the resulting conclusions about user’s perspectives wereimmediately validated in real-life by observing consultation
hours. During the observations, field notes were taken. Basedon the information collected within the previous steps, personas
and empathy maps were created to visualize users’
characteristics, goals, and skills, to become more aware of theirreal needs and to help the research group align on a deep
understanding of end users [20,21].
In parallel, the relevant domain knowledge was discussed andsummarized with all involved stakeholders to ensure that the
involved researchers/designers share a common understandingof the underlying concepts and mechanisms. Furthermore,
related work in the field and visual artifacts were discussed.
In summary, all our findings formed the domain-specific basis
for the other levels (Figure 1).

Operation and Data Type Abstraction
The focus of the second level was on mapping the underlying
data in a more abstract description of operations, data types,
and structure to form the input required for the visual encoding
stage.

Health: Children and Youth version (ICF-CY) framework
appeared to be the most appropriate to comprehensively andaccurately describe individual health situations [22]. The
classification systems ICD-11 (International Classification of
Diseases, 11th revision) and DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical
Manual of Mental Disorders, version 5), commonly used inhealth care, were also considered. However, these frameworks
do not fit preventive CHC because they are based on abiomedical model of health and focus on diseases and diagnosis
and not on prevention [23,24]. The ICF-CY framework waschosen because it represents the broad BPS perspective on healthand adequately fits the preventive CHC. The ICF-CY framework
enables to display the broad variety of information on
characteristics of a child and its environment, collected by CHC.
Strengths and protective factors, inevitable for protection andpromotion of health and prevention of diseases, are included in
the ICF-CY framework. Next, symptoms, diseases, anddeterminants that challenge health can be presented. And, last
but not least, information is formulated in concrete and neutral,
if not positive, terms with little to no valuation. The ICF-CY
structure was customized to integrate it into a profile that fits
CHC practice and theoretical background.
During 2 review group meetings, the 360° CHILD-profile waspresented and profile’s content, terminology, and ordering werediscussed with experienced CHC professionals. During thereview meetings, field notes were taken and summarized anddiscussed to reach consensus.
For immediate validation, a static, adapted, early-on version of
the 360° CHILD-profile was presented to parents and youth
and semistructured interviews were performed to gain insight
into user experience (comprehensibility and usability),requirements, and coverage of meaningful topics. Audio
recordings of the interviews were transcribed, field notes weretaken, and data were analyzed according to previous steps.
Findings were discussed in brainstorming sessions with theresearch team to verify coherence with scientific and practical
purpose of the profile and generate developmental ideas. The
resulting findings were not just limited to the data structure anddetailed task definitions, but also included meaningful orderingof the information.

Different theoretical frameworks were explored to choose themost relevant framework for prioritizing and ordering data. The
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Visual Encoding and Interaction Design
The first 2 levels of design (Domain Problem Characterization
and Operation and Data Type Abstraction) formed the primary
input for the visual encoding and interaction design on a content
level. The development of the formal level was based on 2
additional pillars: the consideration of international standardsof human–computer interaction for information representation(ISO 9241-12) [25] as well as theoretical aspects of design basedon prior research in this field [26,27] and the systematic
integration of users within iterative validation and optimization
cycles.
In early stages of the design process, prior findings were
integrated into low-fidelity prototypes to conceptually visualize
the relevant CHC data and test them with users.
A clear and accessible information structure appeared to be ofvital importance to address requirements of the given scenario
and a clear visual structure plays a major role in reducing the
cognitive load and controlling the perceptual ordering [28].
Therefore, the design was developed based on a sectional grid
system and information was structured into areas. The key areas
were placed within the center (Figure 2, left) and to facilitate
the understanding, key concepts were illustrated through icons
in combination with text [29].

Weijers et al
The resulting sketch was operationalized into a digital prototype,suitable for informal, qualitative tests with relevant stakeholders(CHC professionals and parents). Participants performed tasks
within representative scenarios (to prepare for or to reflect upona CHC consultation) while considering the profile in all its
bearings. Participants were asked to express their first
impression on the profile, line out the profile’s structure, seek
and interpret specific information, and indicatecomprehensibility of information. A researcher guided andfacilitated the participants during the sessions. To gain feedbackon accessibility, comprehensibility, and usability of the 360°
CHILD-profile for each user group, a “think aloud” procedure
was conducted [30]. A second researcher observed the session
and conducted interviews with the stakeholders. Audio
recordings of the interviews were summarized, field notes weretaken, and data were analyzed according to previous steps.
For this visualization in accordance with the ICF-CY framework,
it is crucial that it stimulates viewers to take into account all
domains and choose a routing from central (child) towardoutside (environmental factors). Therefore, a gaze tracking
evaluation was applied (Tobii X1 Light eye tracker 30 Hz) togain indirect feedback on what parts of the profile thestakeholders looked at and in which order. Results werediscussed in the research team meetings and eventuallyprocessed to deliver a digital application of the final version of
the online accessible CHILD-profile.

Figure 2. The figures illustrate relevant steps of our iterative design process. The first phase resulted in a global composition design that accuratelyreflects the content structure (grid layout on the left). In a next step, the design was optimized through additional dimensions such as color, visuallanguage elements such as icons, and illustrations (prototype on the right).

Algorithm Design
The prototype was developed as a web application based on
JavaScript and embedded within an HTML website to ensure
an integration into real-life scenarios. Data parsing and mapping
were realized through Data Driven Documents (D3) Version 4,
while the interactions were implemented using jQuery,
JavaScript, and CSS.
The technical implementation was immediately validated in 2
ways: the application was tested by analyzing computational
complexity and content and optimized with Chrome DevTools(developer tools) as well as user tests with representative data
samples.
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Prototype and Downstream Validation
Downstream validation at the level of algorithm design andvisual encoding and interaction design was immediately tackled
within the described levels: application test and user tests (seethe “Algorithm Design” section) and informal qualitative tests(see the “Visual Encoding and Interaction Design” section).
Downstream validation of the delivered prototype at the levelof operation and data type abstraction is beyond the scope of
this article. For this dimension of validation, a field study isplanned to evaluate CHILD-profile’s feasibility (usability andpotential effectiveness) and feasibility of performing arandomized controlled trial (RCT) within the preventive CHC
context [31]. This feasibility RCT aims at generating knowledge
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on how to build follow-up studies directed toward downstream
validation at the level of domain problem and datacharacterization.

Results
Domain Problem and Data Characterization
Within more age categories, a total of 3 role games were
performed and all involved CHC professionals (nurses ormedical doctors or both), parents, and in one case youth (age>12) were interviewed. For field validation, for 2 days, CHC
consultation hours were observed in more age categories.
Observations and interviews showed that CHC nurses mainly
perform regular, protocoled tasks, and CHC medical doctors
mostly explore indicated concerns and problems more in depth.
An example of schematic description of a professional within
the CHC context (an integration of empathy map and persona)is provided in Multimedia Appendix 1. One of the key
challenges we could identify within this level was that the visual
structure and interaction design of the current EMD did not
sufficiently address the informational needs of the target group.
During the interviews and observations, it became apparent that
this leads to fundamental problems to fulfill several tasks in thegiven time due to an ineffective information and interaction
structure. Both CHC nurses and medical doctors noted that dataregistration in the EMD is time-consuming and that they arehindered in quickly referring to registered data and gaining clear
overview of health information. Discussion between researchers
on visual artifacts revealed the lack of overview and theoreticalordering of data within the EMD. During consultations, CHC
professionals pursue active participation of parents and youth
but they indicated the need for visual support for communicating
health information with parents. Parents indicated theimportance of being able to decide for themselves and feelingfree to make their own choices during the upbringing of theirchild. Related work regarding visual support on healthcommunication and revealing parent’s perspectives did notprovide a holistic and structured display (in accordance with
the ICF-CY framework) of the large and complex electronic
CHC data sets [32].
Together with users we developed a description of formal
requirements for the CHILD-profile to be designed. The designof the CHILD-profile should be:••lively and user-friendly with neutral, serene, and warm (fearreducing) appearance to create a positive experience;targeted at supporting communication between CHC
professionals and parents/youth and providing
comprehensible and accurate overview of healthdeterminants in child and its environment.

The pursued ordering effects were allocating the child in acentral position, visualizing the coherence between the multiple
features in child and context (in accordance with the ICF-CY
framework), and making complex health information tangible.
Technical requirements for the application were suitability fordesktop (for visual support during consultations) and online
accessibility but it should also be printable as PDF (A4 format,
to be used during house visits).
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Operation and Data Type Abstraction
Content and data ordering for the CHILD-profile were basedon the ICF-CY framework, resulting in 4 domains: “Bodystructures and functions,” “Activities and participation,”“Environment,” and “Personal factors.” The specific content ofeach domain was customized to the specific Dutch CHC practiceand is in accordance with CHC’s professional framework and“toolbox” [33,34]. During 2 review group meetings, the CHC
professionals (2 nurses and 2 medical doctors) indicated thatthe clear overview, ordering of data, and the use of colors werean improvement on accessibility in comparison to the currently
used EMD. They proposed even more emphasis on neutral(nuanced) and positive formulations. Second, as not all items
are equally relevant during the continuum from age 0 to 18, thereview group prioritized specific content for the different age
groups (0-15 months, 15 months to 4 years, 4-9 years, 9-12
years, and 12-18 years). Consensus was reached on expert
agreement and adaptations were made on prioritization per age
category and more positive terminology of data.

Visual Encoding and Interaction Design
The visualization was designed while taking into account theCHC context, user experiences of prototypes, user’s desires,formal and technical requirements, and the indicated options
for improvement of this data visualization.
The qualitative tests of prototypes (on average 30 minutesessions) showed that both target groups could handle theprototype well and performed most of the given tasks correctly(CHC professionals: 7 tasks of 9; parents: 6 tasks of 9). Most
participants could link different domains in which healthfacilitators and barriers are described. Stakeholders feedbackon the prototypes included mostly positive remarks such as“nice to build up information during lifetime”, “nice that not
only risks factors but also protective factors are included in theoverview” and “good to see coherence between healthdeterminants”. However, some parents mentioned the following
remarks: “it is a lot of data, in the beginning it is hard to know
where to start”, “it is important that formulations are clear”.
Participants indicated that in some CHILD-profiles they missed
specific information about the child and that it is important toknow where the data come from. As participants mentioned theimportance of showing a timeline and a separate conclusion
section to highlight critical information regarding the lastconsultation, these elements were incorporated in the final
version of the CHILD-profile. Gaze-tracker output showed thatall participants explored the profile by starting at the center(child icon/image) and clearly distinguished the middle planes
from outer columns. Almost all domain titles were noticed
except for “Activities & Participation” and participating
professionals often paid more attention to the“conclusion/advice” section than parents.

Algorithm Design
This algorithm design phase resulted in an application which
automatically transfers CHC health data registered in the EMD.
The application is built independently from the existing EMD
and can be connected to any application programming interface
that provides the related EMD data. The dashboard offers a
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JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH“front end” summary to be linked to the EMD systems andonline parent portal. The final version of the visualization design
is tested and operational in the browsers used in the specificcontext (the CHC organizations uses Chrome and Firefox).

Prototype and Downstream Validation
So far, the described procedure resulted in a comprehensible
360° CHILD-profile, usable on computer and mobile devices(laptop or tablet) and printable for home visits. This visualizationof CHC data at a glance is validated on impact at the level ofalgorithm design and visual encoding and interaction design
and is ready to be introduced to CHC practice. Field study withfocus on downstream validation on the level of operation anddata type abstraction is beyond the scope of this article. This
field study will be separately presented in feasibility RCT’s
protocol and result papers on this study which includes
quantitative and qualitative research.

Discussion
Overview
This paper describes the stepwise development of a newdashboard, which combines visualization and theoreticalordering of health data based on the ICF-CY framework, tooffer guidance on how to use the nested design model to achieve
visualization of a comprehensive overview at a glance.
In this example, the practical implementation of the ICF-CY
framework to summarize electronic health records is intended
to display coherence between different health domains. The
goal is to facilitate analytic thought processes during shareddecision making toward preventive, individualized health plans
directed at promoting health [26,32].
The CHILD-profile is designed to optimally display a holistic
overview of data from electronic health records in line with the
ICF-CY framework and enables considering multiple
perspectives on child’s development and health. Within theongoing project, the dashboard itself was evaluated while taking
into account several perspectives.

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The nested design model is especially suitable for the context
of data visualization within health care as it offers a holistic
perspective on the design process [15]. For each level of design,evaluation during development (upstream validation) and after
finishing the data-visualization design (downstream validation)is included. By integrating these design and evaluation methods,
knowledge is generated on how to deliver a solid visualization
with performance as intended as well as on how to measure
actual effectiveness in practice and interpret the findings during
implementation. However, it is important to note that the nested
design model offers researchers a framework for structuring thedesign process on a rather abstract level. For each specificvisualization, the choice for design and evaluation methods andthe operationalization should be customized to the content andaim of the visualization and the context in which it will be
implemented.
As we can only understand how people use a new tool when it
exists, we could only partly tackle downstream validation within
this project. Early versions of the dashboard and prototype aretechnically tested and qualitative tests are performed with rather
limited study populations. To complete downstream validation
process, studies with higher numbers of participants must be
performed to reach sufficient power to evaluate if the innovation
contributes to experienced needs in practice and leads to theintended health outcomes.

Opportunities and Challenges
By utilizing the ICF-CY as a framework for ordering healthdata, professionals are provided with an interactional structure
for aggregating details of an individual’s unique health reality
across several dimensions. This structure makes it not only
possible to comprehensibly display the multidimensionality ofhealth but also the coherence between different health domains.
Therefore, we hypothesize that the use of this new dashboard
in CHC practice can:••Strengths and Limitations
This project shows us which opportunities can arise frombringing together expertise/experience from the medical andinformation visualization/human–computer interaction field ofknowledge. This collaboration, not yet common within healthcare, leads to synergy and optimal ground for realizing
meaningful visualization of complex health information andsufficient adoption rate and essential performance in practice.
Additionally, the choice for a user-centered design approach,with active involvement of relevant stakeholders in every designlevel, increases the likelihood of usability within CHC practiceand reaching the intended goals [17].
The currently experienced problems with EMD concerning
accessibility of health data are avoided in this new information
technology by considering international standards ofhuman–computer interaction for information representation(ISO 9241-12 [25]) as well as theoretical aspects of design basedon prior research in this field [26,27].
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support to identify strengths, challenges, needs, and goals
and “entry points” for health management;
automatically guide (mostly subconsciously) “thinking
processes” toward a more predictive, personalized, andparticipative approach of health;improve health literacy and facilitate shared decision
making.

The modern information technologies, used to deliver afunctional profile, allow greater direct access to healthinformation for parents and youth (during visits and at home
via online portal). By providing parents/youth insight into healthfacilitators and barriers, we think they will be empowered totake a more proactive, leading role during decision-making
processes and make preventive health plans fit their context.
To study usability, adoption rate, and performance (regarding
the intended goals) in practice, a field study and other follow-up
studies need to be performed with sufficient power. To complete
the validation process, it is important to measure ordering
effects, visual salience, and bias effects, considering variables
such as educational background and others. It is, however, achallenge to perform effect studies with sufficient sample sizes
within the multidisciplinary and heterogeneous context of the
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preventive CHC. Therefore, the first study to be performed will
be a pragmatic feasibility RCT, in which both CHILD-profile’s
feasibility and RCT’s feasibility aims will be evaluated. The
RCT protocol and results will be published in separate articles[31]. Results of this field study will offer underpinning ofnecessary requirements for successful follow-up effect studies
with sufficient power.
After completion of downstream validation and effective
implementation of this new tool in CHC, we anticipate thatusing the CHILD-profile within CHC will stimulate toward
more complete and uniform data registrations. This would leadto availability of standardized and theoretically structured healthdata (in accordance with the ICF-CY framework), which are
more fit for epidemiological research and future possibilities
like automatic transformation toward internationallystandardized ICF codes.

Weijers et al

Conclusions
This work is an important step toward bridging the information
asymmetry between electronic health data, physicians, andpatients and clients in general.
We propose the nested design model as a method to structure
the design process while considering validation cycles for eachlevel of design, both immediately during the process andimpact-oriented validation after implementation, considering
the effects of individual aspects on performance in practice.
We provide guidance on how to utilize the design model in ahealth context based on a concrete example and specificguidelines on how to address heterogeneous capabilities within
preventive CHC through visual means and interaction design.
In our design study we developed a working prototype of acomprehensible 360° CHILD-profile on which CHC data arevisualized at a glance. The application automatically converts
CHC health data, already registered in the EMD, into avisualization which represents the continuum-based context ofchildren’s health and development.

Acknowledgments
This study is supported by ZonMw (Grant No. 729410001). The authors thank François Engelen (lecturer) and Désiré de Vries(student) from Maastricht Academy of Media Design and Technology of Zuyd University of Applied Science and the Child
Health Care departments in the Dutch region southern of Limburg for their contribution during the study (staff and professionals).
Last but not least, we want to thank the parents and youth who participated in this study.

Conflicts of Interest
None declared.

Multimedia Appendix 1
An example of schematic description of a professional within CHC-context (an integration of empathy map and persona).
[PDF File (Adobe PDF File), 583 KB-Multimedia Appendix 1]

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Abbreviations
BPS: Bio-Psycho-Social model of healthhttps://formative.jmir.org/2021/2/e24061

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JMIR FORMATIVE RESEARCH

Weijers et al

CHC: preventive Child Health Care
CSS: Cascading Style Sheets
DSM-5: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition
EMD: electronic medical dossier
ICD-11: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 11th revision
ICF-CY: International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: Children and Youth version
ISO: International Organization for Standardization
MD: medical doctor
PHC: personalized health care
RCT: randomized controlled trial

Edited by G Eysenbach; submitted 10.09.20; peer-reviewed by A Mahnke, D Scherer, D Parry; comments to author 28.10.20; revised
version received 14.12.20; accepted 09.01.21; published 09.02.21
Please cite as:
Weijers M, Bastiaenen C, Feron F, Schröder K
Designing a Personalized Health Dashboard: Interdisciplinary and Participatory Approach
JMIR Form Res 2021;5(2):e24061
URL: https://formative.jmir.org/2021/2/e24061
doi: 10.2196/24061
PMID: 33560229©Miriam Weijers, Caroline Bastiaenen, Frans Feron, Kay Schröder. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research(http://formative.jmir.org), 09.02.2021. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction
in any medium, provided the original work, first published in JMIR Formative Research, is properly cited. The complete
bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://formative.jmir.org, as well as this copyright and license
information must be included.

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