࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈮䈍䈔䉎☸ሶᴺ䈱ㆡ↪ᕈ䈮䈧䈇䈩⸃ᨆ੐ᬺㇱ⸃ᨆᖱႎㇱ⸃ᨆ੐ᬺㇱ㩷 ⸃ᨆᖱႎㇱ㩷㩷 ႓ት᥍ၫ ╩ ⠪႓‫᧛↰ޔ‬ༀᤘት᥍‫ޔ‬㥱⮮ᙗ৻㇢㥱⮮ᙗ৻㇢↰᧛ༀᤘ૕䈮᷹ⷰ⠪䈏ਸ਼䈦䈩䈇䈩䇮ㅪ⛯૕䈱⒖േ䈫౒䈮ⷰ䋱㪅 䈲䈛䉄䈮
☸ሶᴺ䈲䊜䉾䉲䊠ಽഀ䈜䉎䈖䈫ή䈚䈮䇮ㅪ⛯૕䈱ㆇേ䉕᦭㒢䈱ᢙ䈱☸ሶ䈱ㆇേ䈫䈚䈩⸃ᨆ䈜䉎ᚻᴺ᷹⠪䉅⒖േ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈫䈭䉍䇮ㅪ⛯૕䉕᭴ᚑ䈜䉎☸ሶฦ䇱䈱ㆇേ䉕⁛┙䈚䈩⷗䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯䈪䈅䉎䇯☸ሶᴺ䈲ㄭᐕ䇮3 ᰴర䈱ㅪ⛯૕䈱⸃ᨆ䈮䉁䈢䇮☸ሶ㑆䈱〒㔌䈏䈅䉎〒㔌䉋䉍㔌䉏䉎䈫⋧੕䈍䈇䈩ㆡ↪▸࿐䉕ᐢ䈕䈩䈍䉍䇮ᵈ⋡䉕㓸䉄䈩䈇䉎㑆૞↪䈏ή䈒䈭䉎䈫䈜䉎䈖䈫䈪䇮ᵹ૕䈱ಽⵚ䉇ว૕䇮

ᚻᴺ䈪䈅䉎䇯

᭴ㅧ‛䈱⎕უ䈭䈬ⶄ㔀䈮ᄌൻ䈜䉎Ⴚ⇇㕙䉕઻䈉໧☸ሶᴺ䈱ᱧผ䈲Ყセ⊛ᣂ䈚䈒䇮ᦨೋ䈱☸ሶᴺ䈫㗴䈮ㆡ↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ኈᤃ䈪䈅䉎䇯

䈚䈩PAF䋨Particle-and-Force䋩ᴺ䈏1965ᐕ☨࿖䊨䉴䈘䉌䈮䇮Ꮕಽᴺ䉇᦭㒢ⷐ⚛ᴺ䈪䈲䇮⸘▚䊜䉾䉲䊠䉝䊤䊝䉴࿖┙⎇ⓥᚲ䈪ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎 2) 䇯䈠䈱ᓟ䇮䉕ᵹ૕䉇᭴ㅧ‛䈱ᒻ⁁䈮䈅䉒䈞䈩૞ᚑ䈚䈭䈔䉏䈳⒖ᵹ㗄䉕☸ሶ䈫䈚ઁ䈱㗄䉕ᩰሶ䈮䉋䈦䈩⸃䈒PIC䈭䉌䈭䈇䈏䇮☸ሶᴺ䈪䈲⸘▚䊜䉾䉲䊠⥄૕䈏ᔅⷐ䈭

䋨Particle In Cell䋩ᴺ䉇䇮⇇㕙ᒻ⁁䉕䈫䉌䈋䉎䈢䉄䈣䈇䈢䉄䇮ᾘ㔀䈭䊜䉾䉲䊠૞ᚑ૞ᬺ䈏ή䈇䈖䈫䉅೑ὐ䈔 䈮 ᵹ ૕ 䈱 䊃 䊧 䊷 䉰 䈫 䈚 䈩 ☸ ሶ 䉕 ↪ 䈇 䈢 MAC

䈪䈅䉎䇯䋨Marker and Cell䋩ᴺ䈏ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈢䇯䈖䉏䉁䈪䈮䋬⇇㕙䈱ᄢᄌᒻ䉕઻䈉⎈ᵄ䉇䇮⋧ᄌ䉁䈢䇮ቝቮ‛ℂቇ䈪䈲⌀ⓨ䈱䉋䈉䈭ૐኒᐲ䈎䉌ൻ䉕઻䈉ᴣ㛛䇮⫳᳇῜⊒䈭䈬䈱⃻⽎䉕ᛒ䈉ᢙ୯⸃ᤊ䈱ౝㇱ䈱䉋䈉䈭㜞ኒᐲ䉁䈪࿶❗ᕈ䈱䈅䉎ᵹ䉏႐ᨆ䈮ᚑഞ䈚䈩䈇䉎䇯䈘䉌䈮䇮᭴ㅧ‛䈱⎕უ╬䈱ᄢᄌ䉕ᛒ䈉䈢䉄䇮ᣂ䈚䈇☸ሶᴺ䈫䈚䈩 SPH䋨Smoothedᒻ䉇⎕უ䉕઻䈉࿕૕ജቇ䇮ᵹ૕䈫᭴ㅧ‛䈏⋧੕䈮Particle Hydrodynamics䋩ᴺ䈏 1977 ᐕ䈮ឭ᩺䈘䉏૞↪䈚ว䈉⃻⽎䉕ข䉍ᛒ䈦䈢ᵹ૕-᭴ㅧㅪᚑ໧㗴䈮䈢䇯䉅ㆡ↪䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯2) 3)

ᦨㄭ䈪䈲㕖࿶❗ᕈᵹ䉏䈱⸘▚䉝䊦䉯䊥䉵䊛䉕ዉ౉䈚䈢 MPS䋨Moving Particle Semi-implicit䋩ᴺ䈏䇮ᧄⓂ䈪䈲☸ሶᴺ䈱࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈻䈱ㆡ↪ᕈ䈮䈧䈇䈩ᬌ⸛䉕ⴕ䈦䈢䇯

1995 ᐕ䈮ឭ᩺䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯MPS ᴺ䈲☸ሶ㑆⋧੕૞↪䊝䊂䊦䉕ㆡ↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼ䈱㔌ᢔൻ䉕ⴕ䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯䋲㪅 ☸ሶᴺ䈱⚿ᨐ଀1) 2)

䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮᭽䇱䈭☸ሶᴺ䈱ਛ䈪䉅⿧Ⴆ䉌䈏ឭ᩺☸ሶᴺ䈲䊤䉫䊤䊮䉳䊠ᴺ䈪䈅䉎䇯䉥䉟䊤䊷ᴺ䈪䈅䉎Ꮕಽᴺ䉇᦭㒢ⷐ⚛ᴺ䈪䈲䇮᷹ⷰ⠪䋨⸘▚ὐ䋩䈏䈚䈩䈇䉎 MPS ᴺ䈮䉋䉎㕖࿶❗ᕈᵹ䉏䈱⸃ᨆ⚿ᨐ଀䉕␜䈜䇯ⓨ㑆䈮࿕ቯ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈱䈮ኻ䈚䇮☸ሶᴺ䈲䇮ㅪ⛯䋭㪉㪊䋭MPS ᴺ䈱․ᓽ䈲䇮⊒ᢔ䇮൨㈩䇮࿁ォ䇮䊤䊒䊤䉲䉝䊮╬䈱ᓸಽṶ▚ሶ䈮ኻ䈚䈩䈠䉏䈡䉏☸ሶ㑆⋧੕૞↪䊝䊂䊦䉕↪ᗧ䈚䇮䈖䉏䉌䉕↪䈇䈩ᓸಽᣇ⒟ᑼ䉕㔌ᢔൻ䈚䈢䈖䈫䈮䈅䉎䇯䈖䉏䉌䈱⹦⚦䈲 MPSᴺ䈱ഃᆎ⠪䈪䈅䉎⿧Ⴆ╬䈱ᢥ₂䈮⹦䈚䈇䇯1) 2) 4)
䈘䈩䇮⚿ᨐ଀䈪䈅䉎䈏䇮☸ሶᴺ䈱⸘▚䈱䊔䊮䉼

0.16sec䊙䊷䉪໧㗴䈫䈚䈩䈲䇮᳓ᩇ፣უ䇮න৻᳇ᵃ䈱਄᣹䇮䉴䊨䉾䉲䊮䉫╬䈏䈅䉎䇯䊔䊮䉼䊙䊷䉪໧㗴䈫䈲䇮ᬌ⸽↪䈮ᮡḰ⊛䈮⸃䈎䉏䉎໧㗴䈪䈅䉍䇮ᄙ䈒䈱⎇ⓥ⠪䈏᭽䇱䈭⸘▚䉮䊷䊄䈮䉋䉍⸃䈇䈩䈇䈩䇮ᱜ⸃䈏䉒䈎䈦䈩䈇䉎໧㗴䈪䈅䉎䇯
0.24sec䈖䈖䈪䈲䇮᳓ᩇ፣უ䈱⸘▚଀䉕␜䈜䇯᳓ᩇ፣უ䈲ᄢᄌᒻ䈱䈅䉎ᵹ૕⸃ᨆ䈫䈚䈩ઍ⴫⊛䈭໧㗴䈪䈅䉎䇯☸ሶᴺ䈲䊜䉾䉲䊠ಽഀ䉕↪䈇䈭䈇䈱䈪䇮䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭ᄢ䈐䈒ᄌᒻ䈜䉎ᵹ૕䈱⸘▚䈮ㆡ↪䈪䈐䉎䇯䈖䈱⚿ᨐ䉕⷗䉎䈫䇮䉁䈝᳓䈏஥ᣇ䈮ᵹേ㩿㪇㪅㪇㪏㫊㪼㪺㪀䈚䇮

0.32sec⎈ᵄ䈚䈭䈏䉌ᢳ㕙䉕㚟䈔਄䈏䈦䈩䈇䉎㩿㪇㪅㪈㪍䌾㪇㪅㪉㪋㫊㪼㪺㪀䇯䉇䈏䈩஥ო䈮ⴣ⓭䈚㩿㪇㪅㪊㪉㫊㪼㪺㪀䇮㘧ᴜ䈏㘧䈶ᢔ䉎⁁ᴫ㩿㪇㪅㪋㪇㫊㪼㪺㪀䈏⸘▚䈪䈐䈩䈇䉎䇯⸘▚䈲ᵹ૕☸ሶ 600 ୘䇮Ⴚ⇇☸ሶ 500 ୘⒟ᐲ
䈪䈅䉍䇮☸ሶᓘ䈲 8mm䇮Ꮐฝ䈱ო㑆䈲 880mm 䈪䈅䉎䇯⸘▚ᤨ㑆䈲 Pentium㸊䈱 PC 䈪 5 ಽ⒟ᐲ䈪

0.40sec
࿑ 2.1: MPS ᴺ䈮䉋䉎⸘▚଀䈅䉎䇯ᰴ䈮␜䈜䈱䈲᳓ਛ䈮࿯⍾䈏ᵹ౉䈜䉎⁁ᴫ䉕ᮨ䈚䈢⸘▚䈪䈅䉎䇯☸ሶᴺ䈪䈲☸ሶ䈱‛ᕈ୯(ኒᐲ)
䉕ᄌᦝ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈮䉋䉍䇮◲න䈮ⶄᢙᵹ૕䈱౒ሽ䈜䉎ᵹ䉏䉕⸘▚䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯
0.00sec⸘▚䈲ᵹ૕(᳓)☸ሶ 300 ୘䇮ᵹ૕(࿯⍾)☸ሶ
120 ୘䇮Ⴚ⇇☸ሶ 700 ୘⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉍䇮☸ሶᓘ䈲
8mm 䇮 ᢳ 㕙 䈱 ௑ ᢳ 10 ᐲ 䈪 䈅 䉎 䇯 ⸘ ▚ ᤨ 㑆 䈲Pentium㸊䈱 PC 䈪 5 ಽ⒟ᐲ䈪䈅䉎䇯

0.08sec䋭㪉㪋䋭䋳䋮࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈻ㆡ↪䈮䈧䈇䈩
3.1 ☸ሶᴺ䈱․ᓽ䈫࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈪䈱ㆡ↪ᕈ
࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈮䈍䈔䉎☸ሶᴺ䈱ㆡ↪ᕈ䉕ᰴ⴫䈮␜
0.0sec䈜೑ὐ䉕೨ឭ䈫䈚䇮☸ሶᴺ䈏ᓧᗧ䈫䈜䉎ᵹ૕⸃ᨆ䈮䈍䈇䈩੍᷹♖ᐲะ਄䉇䈖䉏䉁䈪ਇน⢻䈪䈅䈦䈢⴫⃻䈍䉋䈶໧㗴ὐ╬䈮⌕⋡䈚䇮⠨ኤ䉕䈍䈖䈭䈦䈢䇯
ᧄⓂ䈪䈲䇮࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈱ਛ䈪䉅䇮㒐ἴ䈮ଥ䉎ᵤᵄ䊶

0.2sec㜞ầ䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䇮ᴡᎹ䈱ᵩ᳓ᵹ䊶ᴡᐥᄌേ⸘▚䇮ᄖ᳓䈲䉖Ử䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䉕ข䉍਄䈕䉎䇯☸ሶᴺ䈱․ᓽ䈎䉌䉂䈢೑ὐ
0.4sec䊤䉫䊤䊮䉳䊠ᴺ䈪䈅䉎࡮ ⇇㕙䈱ᄢᄌᒻ䉕ᛒ䈉䈖䈫䈏ኈᤃ䈪䈅䉎䇯࡮ ᳓㕙䈎䉌㘧䈶಴䈚䈢㘧ᴜ䉇᳓႙䈱ಽⵚ䊶ว૕䈱⸘▚䈏䈪䈐䉎䇯࡮ 3 ᰴరൻ䈏ኈᤃ䈪䈅䉎䇯䋨☸ሶ〒㔌䈱⸘▚䈮
╙ 3 ⇟⋡䈱ᰴర䉕ㅊട䈜䉏䈳䉋䈇䋩ᩰሶ䋨䊜䉾䉲䊠䋩䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈚䈭䈇࡮ ⶄ㔀䈭 3 ᰴర‛૕䈱⴫⃻䈏ኈᤃ䇯࡮ ᾘ㔀䈭ᩰሶ↢ᚑ૞ᬺ䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈚䈭䈇䇯࡮ ᄢᄌᒻ䈮䉋䉎䊜䉾䉲䊠䈱⎕✋䈏䈭䈇䇯
࡮ ⒖േႺ⇇໧㗴䈻䈱ㆡ↪ᕈ䈮ఝ䉏䈩䈇䉎䇯

0.6sec0.8sec䉁䈝䇮ᵤᵄ䊶㜞ầ䈱䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈮䈲䇮☸ሶᴺ䈱䊜䉾䉲䊠䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈚䈭䈇೑ὐ䈮䉋䉍䇮ႇ㒐䇮䊎䊦䇮᳃ኅ╬䈱᭴ㅧ‛䉕฽䉄䈢⹦⚦䈭࿾ᒻ䈮䉋䉎ᵤᵄ䊶㜞ầ䈱♖ᐲ䈱㜞䈇ᶐ᳓੍᷹⸘▚䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉐䈉䈫

1.0sec⠨䈋䉌䉏䇮䉁䈢䇮㘧ᴜ䉇᳓႙䈱ಽⵚ䊶ว૕䈏⸘▚น⢻䈪䈅䉎䈱䈪䇮㜞ầ䈱੍᷹䈫หᤨ䈮㜞ầᤨ䈱ႇ

࿑ 2.2: MPS ᴺ䈮䉋䉎⸘▚଀㒐䈎䉌䈱⿧ᵄ䈱੍᷹䈏น⢻䈪䈅䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯࿯⍾☸ሶ䈏᳓㕙䈮೔㆐䈜䉎䈫䇮᳓☸ሶ䈏〡䈰਄ᰴ䈮ᴡᎹ䈱ᵩ᳓ᵹ䊶ᴡᐥᄌേ⸘▚䈮䈲䇮䊜䉾䉲䊠䈕䉌䉏䉎㩿㪇㪅㪋㫊㪼㪺㪀䇯䈠䈱ਅ䉕࿯⍾☸ሶ䈏ᵹ౉䈚䇮᳓䊧䉴䈱೑ὐ䈏䇮ⶄ㔀䈭ᴡ㆏ᒻ⁁䈱⴫⃻䈮᦭ല䈪䈅㕙䉕᛼䈚਄䈕䉎㩿㪇㪅㪍㫊㪼㪺㪀䇯Ꮐะ䈐䈮ᵄ䈏⊒↢䈚䇮࿯䉐䈉䈚䇮ᵩ᳓ᤨ䈮ථ⿧䈜䉎ᴡᎹ䈱 3 ᰴరᵹ䉏䋨ⲷ⍾䈲䈘䉌䈮Ꮐ஥䈮ᶐ౉䈚䈩䈇䈒㩿㪇㪅㪏㫊㪺㪼㪺㪀䇯࿯⍾䈲ᐩᣓᵹ䋩䉅䇮☸ሶᴺ䈱 3 ᰴరൻ䈱೑ὐ䉕ᜬ䈦䈩䈜䉏㕙䈮䈾䈿᳓ᐔ䈮ၸⓍ䈚䇮䈠䈱਄䈮᳓䈏ਸ਼䈦䈢⁁ᘒ䈳䇮Ყセ⊛ኈᤃ䈮⴫⃻น⢻䈪䈅䉐䈉䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䈫䈭䉎㩿㪈㪅㪇㫊㪼㪺㪀䇯ᦝ䈮䇮3 ᰴరᵹ䉏䈏ථ⿧䈚䈢⚿ᨐ↢䈛䉎ᯅ⣉╬䈱䋭㪉㪌䋭᭴ㅧ‛๟䉍䈱ዪᚲ⊛䈭ᷓជ䉏╬䈱ᴡᐥᄌേ䉅Ყ䈖䉏䉌䈱䈖䈫䈎䉌䇮䊙䉪䊨⊛ᬌ⸛䈮䈲ᓥ᧪䈱䉥䉟セ⊛ኈᤃ䈮♖ᐲ䉋䈒⴫⃻䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䉎䇯䊤䊷♽⸃ᨆᚻᴺ䉕↪䈇䇮䊚䉪䊨⊛䈭⹦⚦ᬌ⸛䈮䈲䊤ᄖ᳓䈲䉖Ử䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈲䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦 5)䈮䈅䉎䉋䈉䈮ᴡᎹ䉕 1 ᰴరਇቯᵹ䇮䈲䉖Ửේ䉕 2 ᰴర䉫䊤䊮䉳䊠ᚻᴺ䈪䈅䉎☸ሶᴺ䉕↪䈇䉎䈫䈇䈦䈢䇮૶䈇ಽ䈔䉕ⴕ䈭䈉䈖䈫䈏⾫᣿䈪䈅䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯ਇቯᵹ䈪ᛒ䈇䈖䉏䉌䉕ㅪേ䈘䈞䈩⸘▚䉕ⴕ䈉䈏䇮䈲䉖Ửේ䈮䈲䇮ᵤᵄ䊶㜞ầ䈱䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈫ห᭽䇮䋴䋮䈍䉒䉍䈮ᩰሶ䉕ᔅⷐ䈫䈚䈭䈇೑ὐ䈮䉋䉍䇮⹦⚦䈭࿾ᒻ䉕↪䈇☸ሶᴺ䈲䇮Ყセ⊛ᣂ䈚䈇⸃ᨆᚻᴺ䈪䈅䉍䇮⃻࿷䈢ᶐ᳓੍᷹䈱♖ᐲะ਄䈏ᦼᓙ䈘䉏䇮䉁䈢䇮ᴡᎹ䈮᭽䇱䈭ಽ㊁䈻䈱ㆡ↪䈏⎇ⓥ䈘䉏䈩䈇䉎䈫䈖䉐䈪䈅䈲ᵹ䉏䈱 3 ᰴరൻ䈮䉋䉎♖ᐲ䈱㜞䈇᳓૏⸘▚䈫䉎䇯࿯ᧁ䇮ㅧ⦁䇮⥄േゞ䇮ᯏ᪾䇮ේሶജ╬䈱ฦಽ䊜䉾䉲䊠䊧䉴䈮䉋䉎䊥䉝䊦䈭ႇ㒐䊝䊂䊦䈮䉋䉍䇮䉋䉍ታ㊁䈱ᢙ୯⸃ᨆ䈪᏷ᐢ䈒ㆡ↪䈏⹜䉂䉌䉏䇮ᚑᨐ䈏਄㓙⊛䈭ḷ᳓䇮⿧᳓䈍䉋䈶⎕ႇ䈮䉋䉎䈲䉖Ử⃻⽎䉕䈏䈦䈩䈇䉎䇯⴫⃻䈪䈐䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏䈅䉎䇯䈖䈱ਛ䈪䉅ᧄⓂ䈪⠨ኤ䈚䈢࿯ᧁಽ㊁䈱ᵤᵄ䊶㜞䈖䈱䉋䈉䈮☸ሶᴺ䈮䉋䉎䊜䊥䉾䊃䉕೉᜼䈚䈢䈏䇮ᔅ䈝䈚䉅ਁ⢻䈪䈲ή䈒䇮໧㗴䉅ሽ࿷䈜䉎䇯ầ䇮ᴡᎹᵹ䇮ᄖ᳓䈲䉖Ử╬䈪䈲䇮䈖䉏䉁䈪䈱⸃ᨆᚻᴺ䈪⴫⃻䈪䈐䈭䈎䈦䈢⚿ᨐ䈏ᓧ䉌䉏䉎น⢻ᕈ䈏ታ㓙䇮ᵤᵄ䊶㜞ầ䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈱䉋䈉䈮䇮㒽࿾䈅䉎䈖䈫䈏䉒䈎䈦䈢䇯䈎䉌䇮䈲䉎䈎ᴒว䈮⿠䈐䈢⃻⽎䉕ᛒ䈉䈫䈇䈦䈢䇮⸃੹ᓟ䈲䇮☸ሶᴺ䉕↪䈇䇮ᄖ᳓䈲䉖Ử䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷ᨆኻ⽎䈫䈜䉎ⓨ㑆䈏Ꮒᄢ䈭႐ว䈮䈲䇮䈠䉏⋧ᔕ䈱䉲䊢䊮䉕ਛᔃ䈫䈚䈩䇮ᵩ᳓ᵹ䈱᳓૏⸘▚♖ᐲะ਄䇮☸ሶᢙ䈏ᔅⷐ䈫䈭䉍䇮ᔅ䈝䈚䉅☸ሶᴺ䈱䉂䈪⸃ᨆ䈍䉋䈶䇮ႇ㒐䊶䊎䊦䊶᳃ኅ╬䈱᭴ㅧ‛䉕฽䉄䈢⹦⚦䈜䉎䈱䈏ല₸⊛䈪䈅䉎䈫䈲⸒䈋䈭䈇䇯䈭࿾ᒻ䈮䉋䉎ᶐ᳓ᷓ⸘▚䈱♖ᐲᬌ⸛╬䉕㗅ᰴታ଀䈋䈳䇮☸ሶᴺ䈱ᚻᴺ䈪䈅䉎 MPS ᴺ䈪 2 ᰴరᣉ䈚䈩ⴕ䈒ᚲሽ䈪䈅䉎䇯䈱⸘▚䉕ⴕ䈉႐ว䇮⸘▚ኻ⽎䈫䈭䉎ㄭற☸ሶ䈱ᢙ䈏᦭㒢૕Ⓧᴺ䈱㓞ធᩰሶ䈱 2䌾10 ୚䈫䈭䉍䇮䈖䈱ᒁ↪ᢥ₂ಽ⸘▚ᤨ㑆䉕ⷐ䈜䉎䈖䈫䈫䈭䉎䇯1)2)䈖䈱䉋䈉䈭໧㗴䈱࿁ㆱᣇᴺ䈫䈚䈩䇮ᵤᵄ䈱䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䈱႐ว䈲䇮ᴒว䈱⸘▚䈮䈲ᓥ᧪䈱䉥䉟3)䊤䊷♽䈱⸃ᨆᴺ䉕↪䈇䇮ᵤᵄ䈱㆚਄䈮ଥ䉎㗔ၞ䈱䉂䈮☸ሶᴺ䉕↪䈇䉎䊊䉟䊑䊥䉾䊃䈭ᚻᴺ䈏⠨䈋䉌䉏4)

䈩䈇䉎䇯5)
䈖䉏䉌䈲䇮ᴡᎹᵩ᳓ᵹ䇮ᄖ᳓䈲䉖Ử䈮䈧䈇䈩䉅ห᭽䈪䈅䉍䇮⸃ᨆኻ⽎䈏ᄢ䈐䈒䈭䉏䈳䇮⁁ᴫ䈮ᔕ䈛䈩ᓥ᧪䈱䉥䉟䊤䊷♽⸃ᨆᣇᴺ䉕૬↪䈜䉎䈖䈫䈏⾫᣿䈪䈅䉎䈫⠨䈋䉌䉏䉎䇯䋭㪉㪍䋭⿧Ⴆ⺈৻䋺☸ሶᴺ䋨ਣༀ䇮2005䋩⿧Ⴆ⺈৻䋺㵰☸ሶᴺ䈮䉋䉎ᵹ䉏䈱ᢙ୯⸃ᨆ㵱䇮䈭䈏䉏 21(2002),230-239
⿧Ⴆ⺈৻䋺㵰☸ሶᴺ䈮䉋䉎䊙䊦䉼䊐䉞䉳䉪䉴䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉺㵱䇮䋨⁛䋩⑼ቇᛛⴚᝄ⥝ᯏ᭴䇮ᐔᚑ18 ᐕᐲᚢ⇛⊛ഃㅧ⎇ⓥផㅴ੐ᬺ䉼䊷䊛ဳ⎇ⓥ㩷 CREST ⎇ⓥᐕႎᓟ⮮ੳᔒ䋺ᢙ୯ᵹ⍾᳓ℂቇ䋨᫪ർ಴ 䇮2004䋩࿯ ᧁ ⎇ ⓥ ᚲ ⾗ ᢱ 䋺᳚ Ử 䉲䊚䊠䊧䊷䉲䊢䊮䊶䊙䊆䊠䉝䊦(᩺)㩷 ᐔᚑ 8 ᐕ 2 ᦬㩷 ᑪ⸳⋭࿯ᧁ⎇ⓥᚲ ᴡᎹㇱㇺᏒᴡᎹ⎇ⓥቶ