IAP IN ACTION

International Society of
Gynecological Pathologists
Visiting Fellowships

Pathology in Finland and theFinnish Division of The IAP
The Editor of this News Bulletin Professor Robin Cooke and Professor Timo
Nevalainen, University of Turku, Finlandtalked about pathology over a lunch at
the Tattersalls Club in Brisbane, Australia
on the 10th December, 1998 when theauthor was on study leave in Brisbane.
RC: How is pathology training organised and what is the number of pathologists in Finland?
TN: Finland has a population of 5 million and there are five Faculties of Medicine in the Universities of Helsinki, Turku, Oulu, Kuopio and Tampere.
Postgraduate training in pathology is organised by these Universities and given in
the Departments of Pathology of the
University Hospitals. Training in autopsy,
histopathology and clinical cytopathology lasts for five years and is followed by anational examination consisting of theoretical questions and microscopy. There
are 150 pathology specialists in the country. The Finnish Division of the I.A.P. hasapproximately 180 members.
RC: It would be interesting to learnsomething about the history of Finland.
How does Finland earn its revenue?
TN: Finland was ruled by Sweden until
1809, and thereafter by Russia until
1917 when Finland became an independent Republic. Unlike many East
European countries, Finland remained
independent and neutral after the Second World War. In 1995 Finland became a member of the European Union.
The first University was founded in
1640 in Turku, the capital of Finland atthat time. The University was moved to
the new capital, Helsinki in 1828. Fromthe very beginning, there was a professor of medicine in the University. The
first autopsy was performed in 1686.
The language of teaching is Finnish,
and Swedish is used in addition to Finnish in the University of Helsinki. The
exports from Finland include paper andtimber, heavy machinery (Valmet,
Kone, Outokumpu), laboratory equipment (Wallac) and electronics (Nokia).
RC: What are the activities of the Finnish Division of the I.A.P.?
TN: The current President of the Finnish Division of the I.A.P. is Dr Paavo
Paakko and the Secretary is Dr Tuomo
Karttunen, both at the Department of
Pathology, University of Oulu, which,by the way, is just south of the Arctic
Circle. The society organises three orfour annual half day or one day national
meetings including lectures and slide
seminars. The society distributes information to its members on national andProfessor Timo Nevalainen

NORWAYRUSSIAFINLANDSWEDEN

Oulu

KuopioTampereTurku

Helsinki

The International Society of Gynecological Pathologists (ISGP) has approved a new program
to support postgraduate training in gynecologic pathology for pathologists from developing
countries. Each fellowship will provide
US$5000 to co-sponsor a trained pathologist
from a developing country to spend from three
to six months in the laboratory of an ISGP
member who is an academic pathologist in amore economically advanced country. Matching funds should be guaranteed by the trainee’s home institution or country or by the hostinstitution.
Applications should include a curriculum vitae, the plan of study, a letter of
acceptance by the ISGP member mentor, the source of the matching funds,
and the proposed period of study (beginning no earlier than 1 January 2000),and should be addressed to Dr. Robert
J. Kurman, Secretary, ISGP, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pathology, 600 North Wolfe

MEETINGSBRITISH DIVISION
Symposium on Gynaecological
Pathology
Sheffield, 10-11 September 1999.

Symposium on Urological Pathology
London, 26 - 27 November, 1999.
international meetings and other matters of interest (including the I.A.P.
News Bulletin). Finnish pathologists go
to a lot of international meetings, especially those of the I.A.P. and the European Society of Pathology. The society has
developed close contacts with other bodies in related fields, especially the Societyof Clinical Cytology of Finland, as wellas with pathologists in Estonia on thesouthern side of the Gulf of Finland.
RC: Yes, I noticed that there were about
40 participants from your country at
the 1998 I.A.P. Congress in Nice. Is
there private medicine in Finland?
TN: There are about 20 private pathology laboratories in the country.
RC: Famous Finnish pathologists?
TN: Emeritus Professor Erkki Saxen(President of the I.A.P. 1980 - 1982)
Emeritus Professor Pekka Lauren (classification of gastric carcinoma) and Emeritus Professor Osmo Jarvi (first descriptions of elastofibroma and polycystic
membranous lipodystrophy).
Timo Navalainen, Turku 23 December 1998.

Short Courses:

Gastric Pathology ; Lymphoreticular
Disease ; Cardiovascular Pathology

Symposium on Infectious Diseases
Antwerp, Belgium. 19 - 20 May, 2000

Symposium on Upper GI Tract
Pathology
London, 25 - 26 November, 2000

An International Travel Bursary

has recently been established by the British Division, and already the first granthas been made - to a pathologist from
Uganda. The Bursary has been set up
principally to permit trainee pathologists
from less affluent countries to travel toone of the educational meetings of the
British Division. Successful applicants
are also encouraged to spend up to two
weeks training in a laboratory while they
are in the UK or other areas covered by
the British Division, and accommodation expenses will be provided to facilitate this. Forthcoming educational meetings include Breast pathology, Pulmonary pathology, Gynaecoloogical pathol-ogy and Urological pathology.
Further information about the Bursary,
including an application form andmore details of forthcoming meetings,
can be found on the Website of the
British Division of the IAP, at: http://
www.le.ac.uk/pa/pnf1/IAP/Iaphome.htm
Alternatively, contact the Administrative
Secretary of the British Division,
Carol Harris, P.O. Box 73, Westbury on
Trym, Bristol BS9 1RY, UK. or
Dr Peter Furness MA, BM, BCh, PhD,FRCPath. Consultant Histopathologist
and Senior Lecturer in Pathology, University of Leicester, U.K.
Phone: (+44)(0) 116 2584582 (Direct
to office). Fax: (+44)(0) 116 2584573(Direct to office).

17th Annual Summer Update inClinical Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
July 18-23, 1999, Jackson, Wyoming.
The University of Utah, Department of
Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Section of Clinical Microbiology
and Immunology is pleased to offer
these two 22.5 hour reviews and updates in the areas of clinical immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.
Course Directors: Drs Harry R. Hill,
Larry G. Reimer, Judy A. Daly and Karen C. Carroll.
Course Coordinator: Jeanette Rejali.
Ph: 801 581 5873; Fax: 801 585 1265

XXII Congress - Intermillenium
Latin American Society of
Pathology
October 25 - 30, 1999, Lima, Peru
Main Subjects:
The Early Detection of Four Carcinomas in Latin America Uterus (Cervix) Dra. Patricia Alonso
Breast		Dra Maria Merino
Stomach		Dr Pelayo Correa
Prostate		
Dr Alberto Ayala
Lectures:
Old Diseases with New Challenges
New Diseases with Old Challenges
Dr Ruy Perez-Tamayo.
History of Pathology.
INTERNATIONAL PATHOLOGY (ISSN 0020-8205)
is published quarterly by International Academy of
Pathology, AFIP, Washington, D.C. 20306.
Periodicals postage at Washington, D.C. andadditional mailing offices.

POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to:Administrative Officer
International Academy of Pathology
3643 Walton Way Extension
Augusta, Georgia 30909-7550

Visiting Lecturers:
Dr William Hartman
Dr Juan Rosai will present the Perez
Tamayo Lecture.
Exhibits will include:
Peruvian Mummies with Autopsies
Performed;
Ceramic Specimens with PathologicalRepresentations;
Paleopathology as a tool for the studyof disease.
For More Information contact:
Javier Arias-Stella Jr: aspath@mail.
cosapidata.com.pe

6th International Symposium on
Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine
7 - 10 May, 2000
Caribe Hilton, San Juan, Puerto Rico,
USA
Contact Dr Jose A Centeno, Chairperson,
Department of Medical Education, American Registry of Pathology, Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
20306-6000
Ph 202 782 2839 Fax 202 782 9215
Email centeno@afip.osd.mil
Published four times a year by theInternational Academy of Pathology.
Internet Address: http://www.afip.org/
iap/index.html

UNITED STATES & CANADIAN DIVISION OF THE IAP
Diagnostic Pathology ’99
31 July - 6 August, 1999
Regal Minneapolis Hotel,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
This course is designed to provide updated knowledge for residents, surgicalpathologists and academicians. It addresses the resolution of diagnostic
problems relative to each of the majororgan systems. The course is presented
in a lecture format by a distinguishedfaculty with time allowed for questions
at each session. The setting is informal,
and dress is casual. Registrants will receive six bound syllabi, individualized toeach day’s subject material. In addition,
they will recieve approximately 400transparencies that portray the subject
material covered in the didactic sessions.
The course has been given for ten consecutive years and has received outstanding praise by the participants.
Contact: USCAP. Ph: 706/733 7550.
Fax: 706 733 8033.

11th Congress of the International Academy of Pathology, ArabDivision
19 - 22 November 1999.
Sousse. Tunisia
Contact: Dr Sadok Korbi, Service
d’Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Farhat
Hached, Rue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000,
Sousse, Tunisia.
Tel/Fax: 216 3 210355.

!ATTENTION IAP MEMBERS!
WATCH THE MAIL FOR YOURDIRECTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
All International Academy of Pathology members will soon be receiving
an important questionnaire in themail. The form is being sent to eachof you to give you the opportunity toensure a correct listing in the upcoming 1999 IAP Membership Directory.
IMPORTANT: PLEASE COMPLETE AND
RETURN YOUR DIRECTORY QUESTIONNAIRE BEFORE THE DEADLINE INDICATED!

PRESIDENT
Anna Kadar
Semmelweis University of Medicine
Budapest, Hungary
SECRETARY
Florabel G. Mullick
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Washington, DC 20306-6000 USA
Fax: 1-202-782-7166
Email: mullick@email.afip.osd.mil
TREASURER
Jack P. Strong
Louisiana State University Medical Center
New Orleans, USA
EDITOR
Robin Cooke
Wesley Medical Centre
Brisbane, Australia
Fax: +61 7 3870 4710
Email: cooker@ozemail.com.au

Once received, your information will beedited and processed by our publisher,
Bernard C. Harris Publishing Company,
Inc., for inclusion in the new directory.
Please review the pre-printed information on your questionnaire carefully toensure an accurate listing, and returnthe form immediately - even if the
pre-printed information is correct!
If you fail to return the questionnaire,
your listing may be incomplete, inaccurate, or even omitted from the directory.
So don’t take the chance - keep on thelookout for your questionnaire, then review and return it promptly!

Announced at the I.A.P. Congressin Nice in 1998

ThinPrep®
Pap Test
TM

Congress Office:Secretariat of IAP Nagoya 2000
Japan Convention Services Inc.
2-2-1 Uchisaiwai-Cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 100-0011, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3508-1214
Fax: +81-3-3508-0820
Email: iap@convention.co.jp
http://w3ma.kcom.ne.jp/~jsp/

IAPGold Medal
AwardsThe IAP News Bulletin
is supported by CYTYC

Periodicals postage paid at
Washington, D.C. and additional
mailing office.

Vol 40 No 2 1999

These medals are awarded to individuals
who have furthered the cause of pathology, education and research worldwide.
Here in Nice, France, the country ofRousseau - the enlightened philosopher
closely identified with defining “thegreater good” it is appropriate to stress
how each of our recipients has devoted
his career to this high mission.
The Gold Medal Award Programme
was initiated at the Budapest Congressin 1996 by David Hardwick who donated the first Medals. An initial six
awards were made. At this Congress
four more have been added. It is envisaged that in future, two awards will bemade at each International Congress.
It is my pleasure to report on the decisions of the Gold Medal Committee ofthe Academy. These Awards were theunanimous recommendations of theCommittee which consisted of Professor David F. Hardwick (Chair), Professor Antonio Llombart-Bosch and Professor Nathan Kaufman in consultation
with Councillors, and were approved by
the I.A.P. Council at this meeting. Medals were awarded to each of the following four pathologists:
Joseph Lee
Christian Nezelof
Stephen Vogel Adonis de Carvalho
Gold Medals have already been awarded to the following:
Roger Cotton, Nottingham, England
Nathan Kaufman, Toronto, Canada
Jack Layton, Tucson, USA
Michel Prade, Paris, France
Leighton Stoddard, Augusta, USA
Jack Strong, New Orleans, USA
David Hardwick

David Hardwick,
Professor andChairman,
Department of
Pathology,
University of
British Columbia,Vancouver,
Canada. Former
President of the
I.A.P.

Joseph Lee with his wife, Pam

Joseph Lee was born in Hong Kong
where he did his schooling and undergraduate medical training. He graduated
MBBS from the University of Hong
Kong in 1964.
His postgraduate training was undertaken in the U.S.A. and Canada. He was a
postdoctoral Fellow at the University ofcontinued page 2

been Secretary / Treasurer of the Academy and has energetically pursued thecommon good of widely available highquality education through the USCAP,
as well as the worldwide distribution of
Academy educational materials. He is
now President Elect of the I.A.P.
Left:Christian Nezelof with Florabel Mullick, Secretary of the I.A.P. at the History of Medicine Session
at the International Congress in Nice, 1998.
Below left: Stephen Vogel
Below right: Adonis De Carvalho and his Daughter,
Maria who is Associate Professor of Pathology at theFederal University of Pernambuco.

Rochester, New York, between 1967
and 1970. After two years in Toronto,
Canada, he returned as Assistant Professor of Pathology to the University ofRochester. From 1979 to 1981 he was
Associate Professor of Pathology andOncology at the University of Rochester. During part of 1980 he was Visiting
Professor at the National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda and during 1981 hespent time as a research Fellow at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology inWashington.
In 1982 he was appointed Professor andChairman of the Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology at the
Chinese University of Hong Kong. Whenhe was appointed the University was still
under construction. The University Hospital had just been completed and thesuburb of Shatin was just beginning togrow up around the newly establishedFaculty of Medicine of the Chinese University. He threw himself into developing
the Pathology Department within the
Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine andhe became Dean of the Faculty in 1996,
a position which he still holds.
As the time came closer for the return ofHong Kong to China, Joe Lee took a proactive role in this process. In 1988 he wasappointed Honorary Adviser to the Beijing
Medical University, China. By that time,
he had already been Honorary Consultant
in Pathology to the Hong Kong Govern-

ment for some years. He established programs to assist in the training of pathologists in mainland China. In 1997 he became a member of the Executive Committee, Association of Higher Medical Education of China and President of the Association for Medical Education of China,
Taiwan (China) and Hong Kong.
He was instrumental in establishing theHong Kong Division of the I.A.P. andwas the organiser of the very successful
1994 International Congress of the I.A.P.
Even with this extremely busy program
he has successfully led his department inresearch on nasopharyngeal carcinoma
and hepatocellular carcinoma - two tumours which are extremely common in
his geographic area.
Stephen Vogel, Emeritus Professor of
Pathology, Duke University Medical
School and Clinical Professor, Medical
College of Georgia, USA, has dedicatedhis career to furthering education andresearch in pathology. He has been aworld renowned educator in neuropathology for many decades, an activity
he pursues vigorously to the present. In
addition to this activity, Stephen Vogel
has devoted major energy to the US andCanadian Academy to assure excellencein pathology education firstly as Chairof the Education Committee in 1980
then through various offices right up to
the present time. In recent years he has

Christian Nezelof for many years Professor and Head of the Department of
Pathology of the Hopital Necker - Enfants Malades in Paris has had a dramatic impact on pathology education andpractice in France and throughout theworld. His efforts to establish the I.A.P.
French Division have led to its obvious
present excellence.
In the early days of his training as a pathologist he spent a year as a foreign Fellow in
the Pathology Department of the Hospitalfor Sick Children, Great Ormond Street,
London, under the direction of Martin
Bodian who was the first to describe thepathology of Hirschsprung’s Disease.
When he returned to France, he established two pathology laboratories, one at
the American Hospital of Paris where he
had the opportunity to work with, and for,the American Army. The second laboratory was devoted to paediatric pathology at
the Necker-Enfant Malades.
In 1964 he characterised an inherited
immunodeficiency disease associatedwith hypoplasia/dysplasia of the thymus.
This is now referred to as Nezelof ’s Syndrome. In 1973 he correctly postulated
that the stem cell of histiocytosis X wasderived from the Langerhans cell becauseof the resemblance between the electon
microscopic appearance of the X bodies
in the histiocytes of histiocytosis X andthe granules in Langerhans cells.
As well as contributing original observations to the understanding of paediatricdisorders he has been active in various
professional pathology societies whose
objective is to further the interests of thisdiscipline.
Robin Cooke

Adonis De Carvalho, Retired Professor of
Pathology, the Federal University, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil and Chairman, Department of Pathology, Pernambuco Cancer Hospital, Recife, Brazil.
Adonis de Carvalho was born in Recife
on January 6th, 1928. He has been aleader since school days. During his professional life he played an active role in
the establishment of pathology as a modern discipline of medicine in Brazil.
When he was a pathology trainee, pathology in Brazil consisted almost entirely of performing autopsies. He spent theyear 1954 on a fellowship at the MD
Anderson Hospital in Houston, Texas.
Here he worked in an institution which
was at the leading edge in the practice of

pathology in the post World War II era.
Pathology was being orientated more
and more to surgical pathology and thisincluded teaching and research, bothbasic and clinically orientated. In Houston he worked in a very stimulating
department with other young postgraduate students from the U.S. and otherparts of the world. This gave him theinspiration he needed when he returned
home. The experience gained in Houston and amplified by a further four
years in Brazil was further honed by afellowship from the British Council tospend the year 1959 at the Royal Marsden Hospital, London.
With this background it was inevitablethat he would be a moving force in establishing undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and research in his own
university, and would then extend his
influence through the establishment of
the organisational framework for professional pathology associations in Brazil. It
was also inevitable that he would embrace the philosophy of the I.A.P. of
those days in its attempts to reach out
from its well established base in North
America to help advance the standardsof pathology throughout the world.
Educational initiatives pioneered within
the U.S./Canadian Division of the
I.A.P. by Dr Kash Mostofi from theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology
and others had proven to be very effective and popular. These programs could
be copied in other countries and thepathologists from the United States
were willing to support such educational activities. Adonis attended his first
I.A.P. meeting in 1955. He then attended most of the International Congresses
from that time.
These associations led him to holding executive positions in the International I.A.P.
culminating in his becoming President of
the I.A.P. in 1986 when the International
Congress was held in Vienna, Austria.
For much of the time that he was engaged in these dealings with the I.A.P.,
Brazil was ruled by a repressive military
dictatorship. Adonis held many very
public positions, both in the University
and the Pernambuco Medical Council,
and here he was getting letters from
Mostofi and others from the Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology - a Department of the United States military. All ofthese letters were opened and read before
being delivered to him. (The ruling authorities of the day did not trust the US
Army and had to be careful of any citizens who had connections with them).
Dr Maria do Carmo Carvalho de Abreu-e-Lima

A Short History of the
Toyota Motor Corporation
A Corporate Citizen of Nagoya - the city of the
IAP International Congress 2000

NagoyaInternational
Congress 2000

T

he name, Toyota, in the minds ofmost people is synonymous withmotor vehicles. Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest single producer ofmotor vehicles in Japan. In 1998 it produced approximately 4.9 million vehicles from some 49 production plants in
25 countries. The company employs
160,000 people worldwide with sales inexcess of 11.7 trillion yen.
The first factory of the parent company
was established in Nagoya (the Host Cityof the I.A.P. Congress 2000) in 1911 by
Sakichi Toyoda. The company converted
this red brick building into a Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology in 1994.
The exhibits have all been arranged witha view to demonstrating the passion of Sakichi Toyoda for “making things” and for“creativity and research” which he hoped
would contribute to the development of a“better” society. The Toyota company itself
has adopted this philosophy. It is hopedthat visitors to the museum (especially
young visitors) will be stimulated to develop their creativity and to make things.
Sakichi Toyoda was born in 1867, fourteen years after Japan officially opened itself to influence from the West. His family had been farmers for generations. The
area around his home village had, formany years, been active in producing cotton. Nearly every home had a wooden
loom and the old women wove cotton onthese looms. Sakichi’s mother also wove
cotton cloth to supplement the family in-

Toyota’s first factory in Nagoya, now the Toyota
Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology.

come. His father was a carpenter and Sakichi wastrained to succeed him in his business. He was
not particularly interested in carpentry but he became passionately interested in improving thefunction of the wooden looms.
In 1890 he heard about the Third National Industrial Exhibition to be held in Tokyo. Hereabout 1700 foreign products were on display. Sakichi visited the machinery pavilion to get ideas
for his tinkering. At that time, most of the machinery was imported from overseas. Soon Sakichi
was inventing new machines for the cotton spinning industry.
In 1911 he established a factory to manufacture aworld first - the fully automated loom which he had
invented. In 1929 he sold the patent for the automatic loom to Platt Brothers and Co. Ltd of theUnited Kingdom. The following year he had a mild
cerebral haemorrhage and died shortly after at theage of 63 from pneumonia. Spinning and weaving is
still the major activity of one of the thirteen companies in the Toyota group of companies.
By 1929, Sakichi’s eldest son, Kiichiro Toyoda
was well established in the company. He graduated in mechanical engineering from the Universityof Tokyo. He decided to use the money from thesale to Platt Bros. to establish an automobile
company. He imported designs and machineryfrom overseas (particularly from Detroit) and thefirst passenger car was completed in 1935.
After World War II the company was facedwith the daunting task of starting all over again.
This was done, but at great cost, so much so, that

Sakichi Toyoda wearing the Medal of the Sacred
Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon and theMedal of Honor with Blue Ribbon and Bar
awarded for his contribution to his country, andabove, documents written by him.

in 1950 the company was bankrupt. A
consortium of 24 banks led by the Nagoya branch of the Bank of Japan provided
the necessary capital to allow the company
to trade its way out of its difficulties.
Shortly after this the Korean War brokeout and the company received orders formotor vehicles from the American Army.
Since then, the company has expanded
and improved its management and its automated production techniques. Associated companies were established to provide
the accessory facilities for automobile production. The company developed manufacturing plants and marketing facilities inmost countries of the world. In the late1980s and 1990s the company has diversified further.
The wide range of vehicles now produced by Toyota is well known. A new vehicle that may be of particular interest to
potential delegates to the Congress is thePrius. This car is at the cutting edge ofenvironmentally friendly technology. It

has a 1.5 litre engine that consumes 3.57 litres of petrol per
100 kilometres or (in the imperial measure) 79 miles per gallon of petrol. It does this because of its hybrid engine
which drives through a power-splitting device which sends part ofthe power to the wheels and part to anelectric generator which then powers
the car in top gear. A computer system
maintains an optimal mix between the
petrol “engine” and the electric ‘“engine”.
Kiichiro died in 1952, aged 57 years
from a complication of high blood pressure which had been treated for someyears before his death. In the same year
Risaburo Toyoda died at the age of 68
years. Risaburo was married to Kiichiro’s sister and at the time of his marriage
he changed his family name from Kodama to Toyoda. He became Chairman of
the company after the death of Sakichi.
Some members of the Toyoda family
continued to work in the company andto hold senior positions within it. Eiji, anephew of Kiichiro was Chairman of
the company from 1960 to 1990.
Kiichiro’s eldest son, Shoichiro succeeded Eiji as Chairman. He retired as
Chairman in 1999.
Senior members of the company including Eiji and Shoichiro have heldvery senior positions in the government advisory bodies associated with
the Japanese economy. The present
Chairman, Shoichiro Toyoda was
Chairman of the Keidandren from1994 - 1998. This was the peak advisory body on the Japanese economy.
He is Chairman of the Japan Association for World Expo 2005 which will
be held in the city of Seto.
In October 1974 Toyota establishedthe Toyota Foundation. The purposeof this Foundation was to contributeto future progress in social welfare bysupporting academic research and other related undertakings. Since its inception, the Foundation has made large
monetary contributions to education,
medicine and national and regional social assistance activities.
Delegates to the Nagoya Congress
will find a visit to the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry andTechnology an interesting experience.
It may be possible to include a viewingof some new production vehicles aspart of such a visit.

Top: TMC Founder, Kiichiro Toyoda.
Above: Eiji Toyoda, left and Shoichiro
Toyoda, former chairmen of the board.
Below: Risaburo Toyoda, first President,
TMC.

Compiled from information provided by Mr Takahiko Iida, Vice President, Toyota Commemorative
Museum of Industry and Technology; Professor Kazuaki Misugi, Yokohama and by Mr Alex McArthur (MBE), formerly Managing Director of Theiss-Toyota Australia and a recipient of the Order of
the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
awarded by the Emperor, for his promotion offriendly relations between Japan and Australia.
Photographs reproduced with permission from the
Toyota Motor Corporation.

been Secretary / Treasurer of the Academy and has energetically pursued thecommon good of widely available highquality education through the USCAP,
as well as the worldwide distribution of
Academy educational materials. He is
now President Elect of the I.A.P.
Left:Christian Nezelof with Florabel Mullick, Secretary of the I.A.P. at the History of Medicine Session
at the International Congress in Nice, 1998.
Below left: Stephen Vogel
Below right: Adonis De Carvalho and his Daughter,
Maria who is Associate Professor of Pathology at theFederal University of Pernambuco.

Rochester, New York, between 1967
and 1970. After two years in Toronto,
Canada, he returned as Assistant Professor of Pathology to the University ofRochester. From 1979 to 1981 he was
Associate Professor of Pathology andOncology at the University of Rochester. During part of 1980 he was Visiting
Professor at the National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda and during 1981 hespent time as a research Fellow at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology inWashington.
In 1982 he was appointed Professor andChairman of the Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology at the
Chinese University of Hong Kong. Whenhe was appointed the University was still
under construction. The University Hospital had just been completed and thesuburb of Shatin was just beginning togrow up around the newly establishedFaculty of Medicine of the Chinese University. He threw himself into developing
the Pathology Department within the
Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine andhe became Dean of the Faculty in 1996,
a position which he still holds.
As the time came closer for the return ofHong Kong to China, Joe Lee took a proactive role in this process. In 1988 he wasappointed Honorary Adviser to the Beijing
Medical University, China. By that time,
he had already been Honorary Consultant
in Pathology to the Hong Kong Govern-

ment for some years. He established programs to assist in the training of pathologists in mainland China. In 1997 he became a member of the Executive Committee, Association of Higher Medical Education of China and President of the Association for Medical Education of China,
Taiwan (China) and Hong Kong.
He was instrumental in establishing theHong Kong Division of the I.A.P. andwas the organiser of the very successful
1994 International Congress of the I.A.P.
Even with this extremely busy program
he has successfully led his department inresearch on nasopharyngeal carcinoma
and hepatocellular carcinoma - two tumours which are extremely common in
his geographic area.
Stephen Vogel, Emeritus Professor of
Pathology, Duke University Medical
School and Clinical Professor, Medical
College of Georgia, USA, has dedicatedhis career to furthering education andresearch in pathology. He has been aworld renowned educator in neuropathology for many decades, an activity
he pursues vigorously to the present. In
addition to this activity, Stephen Vogel
has devoted major energy to the US andCanadian Academy to assure excellencein pathology education firstly as Chairof the Education Committee in 1980
then through various offices right up to
the present time. In recent years he has

Christian Nezelof for many years Professor and Head of the Department of
Pathology of the Hopital Necker - Enfants Malades in Paris has had a dramatic impact on pathology education andpractice in France and throughout theworld. His efforts to establish the I.A.P.
French Division have led to its obvious
present excellence.
In the early days of his training as a pathologist he spent a year as a foreign Fellow in
the Pathology Department of the Hospitalfor Sick Children, Great Ormond Street,
London, under the direction of Martin
Bodian who was the first to describe thepathology of Hirschsprung’s Disease.
When he returned to France, he established two pathology laboratories, one at
the American Hospital of Paris where he
had the opportunity to work with, and for,the American Army. The second laboratory was devoted to paediatric pathology at
the Necker-Enfant Malades.
In 1964 he characterised an inherited
immunodeficiency disease associatedwith hypoplasia/dysplasia of the thymus.
This is now referred to as Nezelof ’s Syndrome. In 1973 he correctly postulated
that the stem cell of histiocytosis X wasderived from the Langerhans cell becauseof the resemblance between the electon
microscopic appearance of the X bodies
in the histiocytes of histiocytosis X andthe granules in Langerhans cells.
As well as contributing original observations to the understanding of paediatricdisorders he has been active in various
professional pathology societies whose
objective is to further the interests of thisdiscipline.
Robin Cooke

Adonis De Carvalho, Retired Professor of
Pathology, the Federal University, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil and Chairman, Department of Pathology, Pernambuco Cancer Hospital, Recife, Brazil.
Adonis de Carvalho was born in Recife
on January 6th, 1928. He has been aleader since school days. During his professional life he played an active role in
the establishment of pathology as a modern discipline of medicine in Brazil.
When he was a pathology trainee, pathology in Brazil consisted almost entirely of performing autopsies. He spent theyear 1954 on a fellowship at the MD
Anderson Hospital in Houston, Texas.
Here he worked in an institution which
was at the leading edge in the practice of

pathology in the post World War II era.
Pathology was being orientated more
and more to surgical pathology and thisincluded teaching and research, bothbasic and clinically orientated. In Houston he worked in a very stimulating
department with other young postgraduate students from the U.S. and otherparts of the world. This gave him theinspiration he needed when he returned
home. The experience gained in Houston and amplified by a further four
years in Brazil was further honed by afellowship from the British Council tospend the year 1959 at the Royal Marsden Hospital, London.
With this background it was inevitablethat he would be a moving force in establishing undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and research in his own
university, and would then extend his
influence through the establishment of
the organisational framework for professional pathology associations in Brazil. It
was also inevitable that he would embrace the philosophy of the I.A.P. of
those days in its attempts to reach out
from its well established base in North
America to help advance the standardsof pathology throughout the world.
Educational initiatives pioneered within
the U.S./Canadian Division of the
I.A.P. by Dr Kash Mostofi from theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology
and others had proven to be very effective and popular. These programs could
be copied in other countries and thepathologists from the United States
were willing to support such educational activities. Adonis attended his first
I.A.P. meeting in 1955. He then attended most of the International Congresses
from that time.
These associations led him to holding executive positions in the International I.A.P.
culminating in his becoming President of
the I.A.P. in 1986 when the International
Congress was held in Vienna, Austria.
For much of the time that he was engaged in these dealings with the I.A.P.,
Brazil was ruled by a repressive military
dictatorship. Adonis held many very
public positions, both in the University
and the Pernambuco Medical Council,
and here he was getting letters from
Mostofi and others from the Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology - a Department of the United States military. All ofthese letters were opened and read before
being delivered to him. (The ruling authorities of the day did not trust the US
Army and had to be careful of any citizens who had connections with them).
Dr Maria do Carmo Carvalho de Abreu-e-Lima

A Short History of the
Toyota Motor Corporation
A Corporate Citizen of Nagoya - the city of the
IAP International Congress 2000

NagoyaInternational
Congress 2000

T

he name, Toyota, in the minds ofmost people is synonymous withmotor vehicles. Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest single producer ofmotor vehicles in Japan. In 1998 it produced approximately 4.9 million vehicles from some 49 production plants in
25 countries. The company employs
160,000 people worldwide with sales inexcess of 11.7 trillion yen.
The first factory of the parent company
was established in Nagoya (the Host Cityof the I.A.P. Congress 2000) in 1911 by
Sakichi Toyoda. The company converted
this red brick building into a Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology in 1994.
The exhibits have all been arranged witha view to demonstrating the passion of Sakichi Toyoda for “making things” and for“creativity and research” which he hoped
would contribute to the development of a“better” society. The Toyota company itself
has adopted this philosophy. It is hopedthat visitors to the museum (especially
young visitors) will be stimulated to develop their creativity and to make things.
Sakichi Toyoda was born in 1867, fourteen years after Japan officially opened itself to influence from the West. His family had been farmers for generations. The
area around his home village had, formany years, been active in producing cotton. Nearly every home had a wooden
loom and the old women wove cotton onthese looms. Sakichi’s mother also wove
cotton cloth to supplement the family in-

Toyota’s first factory in Nagoya, now the Toyota
Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology.

come. His father was a carpenter and Sakichi wastrained to succeed him in his business. He was
not particularly interested in carpentry but he became passionately interested in improving thefunction of the wooden looms.
In 1890 he heard about the Third National Industrial Exhibition to be held in Tokyo. Hereabout 1700 foreign products were on display. Sakichi visited the machinery pavilion to get ideas
for his tinkering. At that time, most of the machinery was imported from overseas. Soon Sakichi
was inventing new machines for the cotton spinning industry.
In 1911 he established a factory to manufacture aworld first - the fully automated loom which he had
invented. In 1929 he sold the patent for the automatic loom to Platt Brothers and Co. Ltd of theUnited Kingdom. The following year he had a mild
cerebral haemorrhage and died shortly after at theage of 63 from pneumonia. Spinning and weaving is
still the major activity of one of the thirteen companies in the Toyota group of companies.
By 1929, Sakichi’s eldest son, Kiichiro Toyoda
was well established in the company. He graduated in mechanical engineering from the Universityof Tokyo. He decided to use the money from thesale to Platt Bros. to establish an automobile
company. He imported designs and machineryfrom overseas (particularly from Detroit) and thefirst passenger car was completed in 1935.
After World War II the company was facedwith the daunting task of starting all over again.
This was done, but at great cost, so much so, that

Sakichi Toyoda wearing the Medal of the Sacred
Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon and theMedal of Honor with Blue Ribbon and Bar
awarded for his contribution to his country, andabove, documents written by him.

in 1950 the company was bankrupt. A
consortium of 24 banks led by the Nagoya branch of the Bank of Japan provided
the necessary capital to allow the company
to trade its way out of its difficulties.
Shortly after this the Korean War brokeout and the company received orders formotor vehicles from the American Army.
Since then, the company has expanded
and improved its management and its automated production techniques. Associated companies were established to provide
the accessory facilities for automobile production. The company developed manufacturing plants and marketing facilities inmost countries of the world. In the late1980s and 1990s the company has diversified further.
The wide range of vehicles now produced by Toyota is well known. A new vehicle that may be of particular interest to
potential delegates to the Congress is thePrius. This car is at the cutting edge ofenvironmentally friendly technology. It

has a 1.5 litre engine that consumes 3.57 litres of petrol per
100 kilometres or (in the imperial measure) 79 miles per gallon of petrol. It does this because of its hybrid engine
which drives through a power-splitting device which sends part ofthe power to the wheels and part to anelectric generator which then powers
the car in top gear. A computer system
maintains an optimal mix between the
petrol “engine” and the electric ‘“engine”.
Kiichiro died in 1952, aged 57 years
from a complication of high blood pressure which had been treated for someyears before his death. In the same year
Risaburo Toyoda died at the age of 68
years. Risaburo was married to Kiichiro’s sister and at the time of his marriage
he changed his family name from Kodama to Toyoda. He became Chairman of
the company after the death of Sakichi.
Some members of the Toyoda family
continued to work in the company andto hold senior positions within it. Eiji, anephew of Kiichiro was Chairman of
the company from 1960 to 1990.
Kiichiro’s eldest son, Shoichiro succeeded Eiji as Chairman. He retired as
Chairman in 1999.
Senior members of the company including Eiji and Shoichiro have heldvery senior positions in the government advisory bodies associated with
the Japanese economy. The present
Chairman, Shoichiro Toyoda was
Chairman of the Keidandren from1994 - 1998. This was the peak advisory body on the Japanese economy.
He is Chairman of the Japan Association for World Expo 2005 which will
be held in the city of Seto.
In October 1974 Toyota establishedthe Toyota Foundation. The purposeof this Foundation was to contributeto future progress in social welfare bysupporting academic research and other related undertakings. Since its inception, the Foundation has made large
monetary contributions to education,
medicine and national and regional social assistance activities.
Delegates to the Nagoya Congress
will find a visit to the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry andTechnology an interesting experience.
It may be possible to include a viewingof some new production vehicles aspart of such a visit.

Top: TMC Founder, Kiichiro Toyoda.
Above: Eiji Toyoda, left and Shoichiro
Toyoda, former chairmen of the board.
Below: Risaburo Toyoda, first President,
TMC.

Compiled from information provided by Mr Takahiko Iida, Vice President, Toyota Commemorative
Museum of Industry and Technology; Professor Kazuaki Misugi, Yokohama and by Mr Alex McArthur (MBE), formerly Managing Director of Theiss-Toyota Australia and a recipient of the Order of
the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
awarded by the Emperor, for his promotion offriendly relations between Japan and Australia.
Photographs reproduced with permission from the
Toyota Motor Corporation.

been Secretary / Treasurer of the Academy and has energetically pursued thecommon good of widely available highquality education through the USCAP,
as well as the worldwide distribution of
Academy educational materials. He is
now President Elect of the I.A.P.
Left:Christian Nezelof with Florabel Mullick, Secretary of the I.A.P. at the History of Medicine Session
at the International Congress in Nice, 1998.
Below left: Stephen Vogel
Below right: Adonis De Carvalho and his Daughter,
Maria who is Associate Professor of Pathology at theFederal University of Pernambuco.

Rochester, New York, between 1967
and 1970. After two years in Toronto,
Canada, he returned as Assistant Professor of Pathology to the University ofRochester. From 1979 to 1981 he was
Associate Professor of Pathology andOncology at the University of Rochester. During part of 1980 he was Visiting
Professor at the National Institutes of
Health, Bethesda and during 1981 hespent time as a research Fellow at theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology inWashington.
In 1982 he was appointed Professor andChairman of the Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology at the
Chinese University of Hong Kong. Whenhe was appointed the University was still
under construction. The University Hospital had just been completed and thesuburb of Shatin was just beginning togrow up around the newly establishedFaculty of Medicine of the Chinese University. He threw himself into developing
the Pathology Department within the
Hospital and the Faculty of Medicine andhe became Dean of the Faculty in 1996,
a position which he still holds.
As the time came closer for the return ofHong Kong to China, Joe Lee took a proactive role in this process. In 1988 he wasappointed Honorary Adviser to the Beijing
Medical University, China. By that time,
he had already been Honorary Consultant
in Pathology to the Hong Kong Govern-

ment for some years. He established programs to assist in the training of pathologists in mainland China. In 1997 he became a member of the Executive Committee, Association of Higher Medical Education of China and President of the Association for Medical Education of China,
Taiwan (China) and Hong Kong.
He was instrumental in establishing theHong Kong Division of the I.A.P. andwas the organiser of the very successful
1994 International Congress of the I.A.P.
Even with this extremely busy program
he has successfully led his department inresearch on nasopharyngeal carcinoma
and hepatocellular carcinoma - two tumours which are extremely common in
his geographic area.
Stephen Vogel, Emeritus Professor of
Pathology, Duke University Medical
School and Clinical Professor, Medical
College of Georgia, USA, has dedicatedhis career to furthering education andresearch in pathology. He has been aworld renowned educator in neuropathology for many decades, an activity
he pursues vigorously to the present. In
addition to this activity, Stephen Vogel
has devoted major energy to the US andCanadian Academy to assure excellencein pathology education firstly as Chairof the Education Committee in 1980
then through various offices right up to
the present time. In recent years he has

Christian Nezelof for many years Professor and Head of the Department of
Pathology of the Hopital Necker - Enfants Malades in Paris has had a dramatic impact on pathology education andpractice in France and throughout theworld. His efforts to establish the I.A.P.
French Division have led to its obvious
present excellence.
In the early days of his training as a pathologist he spent a year as a foreign Fellow in
the Pathology Department of the Hospitalfor Sick Children, Great Ormond Street,
London, under the direction of Martin
Bodian who was the first to describe thepathology of Hirschsprung’s Disease.
When he returned to France, he established two pathology laboratories, one at
the American Hospital of Paris where he
had the opportunity to work with, and for,the American Army. The second laboratory was devoted to paediatric pathology at
the Necker-Enfant Malades.
In 1964 he characterised an inherited
immunodeficiency disease associatedwith hypoplasia/dysplasia of the thymus.
This is now referred to as Nezelof ’s Syndrome. In 1973 he correctly postulated
that the stem cell of histiocytosis X wasderived from the Langerhans cell becauseof the resemblance between the electon
microscopic appearance of the X bodies
in the histiocytes of histiocytosis X andthe granules in Langerhans cells.
As well as contributing original observations to the understanding of paediatricdisorders he has been active in various
professional pathology societies whose
objective is to further the interests of thisdiscipline.
Robin Cooke

Adonis De Carvalho, Retired Professor of
Pathology, the Federal University, Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil and Chairman, Department of Pathology, Pernambuco Cancer Hospital, Recife, Brazil.
Adonis de Carvalho was born in Recife
on January 6th, 1928. He has been aleader since school days. During his professional life he played an active role in
the establishment of pathology as a modern discipline of medicine in Brazil.
When he was a pathology trainee, pathology in Brazil consisted almost entirely of performing autopsies. He spent theyear 1954 on a fellowship at the MD
Anderson Hospital in Houston, Texas.
Here he worked in an institution which
was at the leading edge in the practice of

pathology in the post World War II era.
Pathology was being orientated more
and more to surgical pathology and thisincluded teaching and research, bothbasic and clinically orientated. In Houston he worked in a very stimulating
department with other young postgraduate students from the U.S. and otherparts of the world. This gave him theinspiration he needed when he returned
home. The experience gained in Houston and amplified by a further four
years in Brazil was further honed by afellowship from the British Council tospend the year 1959 at the Royal Marsden Hospital, London.
With this background it was inevitablethat he would be a moving force in establishing undergraduate and postgraduate teaching and research in his own
university, and would then extend his
influence through the establishment of
the organisational framework for professional pathology associations in Brazil. It
was also inevitable that he would embrace the philosophy of the I.A.P. of
those days in its attempts to reach out
from its well established base in North
America to help advance the standardsof pathology throughout the world.
Educational initiatives pioneered within
the U.S./Canadian Division of the
I.A.P. by Dr Kash Mostofi from theArmed Forces Institute of Pathology
and others had proven to be very effective and popular. These programs could
be copied in other countries and thepathologists from the United States
were willing to support such educational activities. Adonis attended his first
I.A.P. meeting in 1955. He then attended most of the International Congresses
from that time.
These associations led him to holding executive positions in the International I.A.P.
culminating in his becoming President of
the I.A.P. in 1986 when the International
Congress was held in Vienna, Austria.
For much of the time that he was engaged in these dealings with the I.A.P.,
Brazil was ruled by a repressive military
dictatorship. Adonis held many very
public positions, both in the University
and the Pernambuco Medical Council,
and here he was getting letters from
Mostofi and others from the Armed
Forces Institute of Pathology - a Department of the United States military. All ofthese letters were opened and read before
being delivered to him. (The ruling authorities of the day did not trust the US
Army and had to be careful of any citizens who had connections with them).
Dr Maria do Carmo Carvalho de Abreu-e-Lima

A Short History of the
Toyota Motor Corporation
A Corporate Citizen of Nagoya - the city of the
IAP International Congress 2000

NagoyaInternational
Congress 2000

T

he name, Toyota, in the minds ofmost people is synonymous withmotor vehicles. Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest single producer ofmotor vehicles in Japan. In 1998 it produced approximately 4.9 million vehicles from some 49 production plants in
25 countries. The company employs
160,000 people worldwide with sales inexcess of 11.7 trillion yen.
The first factory of the parent company
was established in Nagoya (the Host Cityof the I.A.P. Congress 2000) in 1911 by
Sakichi Toyoda. The company converted
this red brick building into a Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology in 1994.
The exhibits have all been arranged witha view to demonstrating the passion of Sakichi Toyoda for “making things” and for“creativity and research” which he hoped
would contribute to the development of a“better” society. The Toyota company itself
has adopted this philosophy. It is hopedthat visitors to the museum (especially
young visitors) will be stimulated to develop their creativity and to make things.
Sakichi Toyoda was born in 1867, fourteen years after Japan officially opened itself to influence from the West. His family had been farmers for generations. The
area around his home village had, formany years, been active in producing cotton. Nearly every home had a wooden
loom and the old women wove cotton onthese looms. Sakichi’s mother also wove
cotton cloth to supplement the family in-

Toyota’s first factory in Nagoya, now the Toyota
Commemorative Museum of Industry and Technology.

come. His father was a carpenter and Sakichi wastrained to succeed him in his business. He was
not particularly interested in carpentry but he became passionately interested in improving thefunction of the wooden looms.
In 1890 he heard about the Third National Industrial Exhibition to be held in Tokyo. Hereabout 1700 foreign products were on display. Sakichi visited the machinery pavilion to get ideas
for his tinkering. At that time, most of the machinery was imported from overseas. Soon Sakichi
was inventing new machines for the cotton spinning industry.
In 1911 he established a factory to manufacture aworld first - the fully automated loom which he had
invented. In 1929 he sold the patent for the automatic loom to Platt Brothers and Co. Ltd of theUnited Kingdom. The following year he had a mild
cerebral haemorrhage and died shortly after at theage of 63 from pneumonia. Spinning and weaving is
still the major activity of one of the thirteen companies in the Toyota group of companies.
By 1929, Sakichi’s eldest son, Kiichiro Toyoda
was well established in the company. He graduated in mechanical engineering from the Universityof Tokyo. He decided to use the money from thesale to Platt Bros. to establish an automobile
company. He imported designs and machineryfrom overseas (particularly from Detroit) and thefirst passenger car was completed in 1935.
After World War II the company was facedwith the daunting task of starting all over again.
This was done, but at great cost, so much so, that

Sakichi Toyoda wearing the Medal of the Sacred
Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon and theMedal of Honor with Blue Ribbon and Bar
awarded for his contribution to his country, andabove, documents written by him.

in 1950 the company was bankrupt. A
consortium of 24 banks led by the Nagoya branch of the Bank of Japan provided
the necessary capital to allow the company
to trade its way out of its difficulties.
Shortly after this the Korean War brokeout and the company received orders formotor vehicles from the American Army.
Since then, the company has expanded
and improved its management and its automated production techniques. Associated companies were established to provide
the accessory facilities for automobile production. The company developed manufacturing plants and marketing facilities inmost countries of the world. In the late1980s and 1990s the company has diversified further.
The wide range of vehicles now produced by Toyota is well known. A new vehicle that may be of particular interest to
potential delegates to the Congress is thePrius. This car is at the cutting edge ofenvironmentally friendly technology. It

has a 1.5 litre engine that consumes 3.57 litres of petrol per
100 kilometres or (in the imperial measure) 79 miles per gallon of petrol. It does this because of its hybrid engine
which drives through a power-splitting device which sends part ofthe power to the wheels and part to anelectric generator which then powers
the car in top gear. A computer system
maintains an optimal mix between the
petrol “engine” and the electric ‘“engine”.
Kiichiro died in 1952, aged 57 years
from a complication of high blood pressure which had been treated for someyears before his death. In the same year
Risaburo Toyoda died at the age of 68
years. Risaburo was married to Kiichiro’s sister and at the time of his marriage
he changed his family name from Kodama to Toyoda. He became Chairman of
the company after the death of Sakichi.
Some members of the Toyoda family
continued to work in the company andto hold senior positions within it. Eiji, anephew of Kiichiro was Chairman of
the company from 1960 to 1990.
Kiichiro’s eldest son, Shoichiro succeeded Eiji as Chairman. He retired as
Chairman in 1999.
Senior members of the company including Eiji and Shoichiro have heldvery senior positions in the government advisory bodies associated with
the Japanese economy. The present
Chairman, Shoichiro Toyoda was
Chairman of the Keidandren from1994 - 1998. This was the peak advisory body on the Japanese economy.
He is Chairman of the Japan Association for World Expo 2005 which will
be held in the city of Seto.
In October 1974 Toyota establishedthe Toyota Foundation. The purposeof this Foundation was to contributeto future progress in social welfare bysupporting academic research and other related undertakings. Since its inception, the Foundation has made large
monetary contributions to education,
medicine and national and regional social assistance activities.
Delegates to the Nagoya Congress
will find a visit to the Toyota Commemorative Museum of Industry andTechnology an interesting experience.
It may be possible to include a viewingof some new production vehicles aspart of such a visit.

Top: TMC Founder, Kiichiro Toyoda.
Above: Eiji Toyoda, left and Shoichiro
Toyoda, former chairmen of the board.
Below: Risaburo Toyoda, first President,
TMC.

Compiled from information provided by Mr Takahiko Iida, Vice President, Toyota Commemorative
Museum of Industry and Technology; Professor Kazuaki Misugi, Yokohama and by Mr Alex McArthur (MBE), formerly Managing Director of Theiss-Toyota Australia and a recipient of the Order of
the Sacred Treasure, Gold Rays with Neck Ribbon
awarded by the Emperor, for his promotion offriendly relations between Japan and Australia.
Photographs reproduced with permission from the
Toyota Motor Corporation.

IAP IN ACTION

International Society of
Gynecological Pathologists
Visiting Fellowships

Pathology in Finland and theFinnish Division of The IAP
The Editor of this News Bulletin Professor Robin Cooke and Professor Timo
Nevalainen, University of Turku, Finlandtalked about pathology over a lunch at
the Tattersalls Club in Brisbane, Australia
on the 10th December, 1998 when theauthor was on study leave in Brisbane.
RC: How is pathology training organised and what is the number of pathologists in Finland?
TN: Finland has a population of 5 million and there are five Faculties of Medicine in the Universities of Helsinki, Turku, Oulu, Kuopio and Tampere.
Postgraduate training in pathology is organised by these Universities and given in
the Departments of Pathology of the
University Hospitals. Training in autopsy,
histopathology and clinical cytopathology lasts for five years and is followed by anational examination consisting of theoretical questions and microscopy. There
are 150 pathology specialists in the country. The Finnish Division of the I.A.P. hasapproximately 180 members.
RC: It would be interesting to learnsomething about the history of Finland.
How does Finland earn its revenue?
TN: Finland was ruled by Sweden until
1809, and thereafter by Russia until
1917 when Finland became an independent Republic. Unlike many East
European countries, Finland remained
independent and neutral after the Second World War. In 1995 Finland became a member of the European Union.
The first University was founded in
1640 in Turku, the capital of Finland atthat time. The University was moved to
the new capital, Helsinki in 1828. Fromthe very beginning, there was a professor of medicine in the University. The
first autopsy was performed in 1686.
The language of teaching is Finnish,
and Swedish is used in addition to Finnish in the University of Helsinki. The
exports from Finland include paper andtimber, heavy machinery (Valmet,
Kone, Outokumpu), laboratory equipment (Wallac) and electronics (Nokia).
RC: What are the activities of the Finnish Division of the I.A.P.?
TN: The current President of the Finnish Division of the I.A.P. is Dr Paavo
Paakko and the Secretary is Dr Tuomo
Karttunen, both at the Department of
Pathology, University of Oulu, which,by the way, is just south of the Arctic
Circle. The society organises three orfour annual half day or one day national
meetings including lectures and slide
seminars. The society distributes information to its members on national andProfessor Timo Nevalainen

NORWAYRUSSIAFINLANDSWEDEN

Oulu

KuopioTampereTurku

Helsinki

The International Society of Gynecological Pathologists (ISGP) has approved a new program
to support postgraduate training in gynecologic pathology for pathologists from developing
countries. Each fellowship will provide
US$5000 to co-sponsor a trained pathologist
from a developing country to spend from three
to six months in the laboratory of an ISGP
member who is an academic pathologist in amore economically advanced country. Matching funds should be guaranteed by the trainee’s home institution or country or by the hostinstitution.
Applications should include a curriculum vitae, the plan of study, a letter of
acceptance by the ISGP member mentor, the source of the matching funds,
and the proposed period of study (beginning no earlier than 1 January 2000),and should be addressed to Dr. Robert
J. Kurman, Secretary, ISGP, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pathology, 600 North Wolfe

MEETINGSBRITISH DIVISION
Symposium on Gynaecological
Pathology
Sheffield, 10-11 September 1999.

Symposium on Urological Pathology
London, 26 - 27 November, 1999.
international meetings and other matters of interest (including the I.A.P.
News Bulletin). Finnish pathologists go
to a lot of international meetings, especially those of the I.A.P. and the European Society of Pathology. The society has
developed close contacts with other bodies in related fields, especially the Societyof Clinical Cytology of Finland, as wellas with pathologists in Estonia on thesouthern side of the Gulf of Finland.
RC: Yes, I noticed that there were about
40 participants from your country at
the 1998 I.A.P. Congress in Nice. Is
there private medicine in Finland?
TN: There are about 20 private pathology laboratories in the country.
RC: Famous Finnish pathologists?
TN: Emeritus Professor Erkki Saxen(President of the I.A.P. 1980 - 1982)
Emeritus Professor Pekka Lauren (classification of gastric carcinoma) and Emeritus Professor Osmo Jarvi (first descriptions of elastofibroma and polycystic
membranous lipodystrophy).
Timo Navalainen, Turku 23 December 1998.

Short Courses:

Gastric Pathology ; Lymphoreticular
Disease ; Cardiovascular Pathology

Symposium on Infectious Diseases
Antwerp, Belgium. 19 - 20 May, 2000

Symposium on Upper GI Tract
Pathology
London, 25 - 26 November, 2000

An International Travel Bursary

has recently been established by the British Division, and already the first granthas been made - to a pathologist from
Uganda. The Bursary has been set up
principally to permit trainee pathologists
from less affluent countries to travel toone of the educational meetings of the
British Division. Successful applicants
are also encouraged to spend up to two
weeks training in a laboratory while they
are in the UK or other areas covered by
the British Division, and accommodation expenses will be provided to facilitate this. Forthcoming educational meetings include Breast pathology, Pulmonary pathology, Gynaecoloogical pathol-ogy and Urological pathology.
Further information about the Bursary,
including an application form andmore details of forthcoming meetings,
can be found on the Website of the
British Division of the IAP, at: http://
www.le.ac.uk/pa/pnf1/IAP/Iaphome.htm
Alternatively, contact the Administrative
Secretary of the British Division,
Carol Harris, P.O. Box 73, Westbury on
Trym, Bristol BS9 1RY, UK. or
Dr Peter Furness MA, BM, BCh, PhD,FRCPath. Consultant Histopathologist
and Senior Lecturer in Pathology, University of Leicester, U.K.
Phone: (+44)(0) 116 2584582 (Direct
to office). Fax: (+44)(0) 116 2584573(Direct to office).

17th Annual Summer Update inClinical Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
July 18-23, 1999, Jackson, Wyoming.
The University of Utah, Department of
Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Section of Clinical Microbiology
and Immunology is pleased to offer
these two 22.5 hour reviews and updates in the areas of clinical immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.
Course Directors: Drs Harry R. Hill,
Larry G. Reimer, Judy A. Daly and Karen C. Carroll.
Course Coordinator: Jeanette Rejali.
Ph: 801 581 5873; Fax: 801 585 1265

XXII Congress - Intermillenium
Latin American Society of
Pathology
October 25 - 30, 1999, Lima, Peru
Main Subjects:
The Early Detection of Four Carcinomas in Latin America Uterus (Cervix) Dra. Patricia Alonso
Breast		Dra Maria Merino
Stomach		Dr Pelayo Correa
Prostate		
Dr Alberto Ayala
Lectures:
Old Diseases with New Challenges
New Diseases with Old Challenges
Dr Ruy Perez-Tamayo.
History of Pathology.
INTERNATIONAL PATHOLOGY (ISSN 0020-8205)
is published quarterly by International Academy of
Pathology, AFIP, Washington, D.C. 20306.
Periodicals postage at Washington, D.C. andadditional mailing offices.

POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to:Administrative Officer
International Academy of Pathology
3643 Walton Way Extension
Augusta, Georgia 30909-7550

Visiting Lecturers:
Dr William Hartman
Dr Juan Rosai will present the Perez
Tamayo Lecture.
Exhibits will include:
Peruvian Mummies with Autopsies
Performed;
Ceramic Specimens with PathologicalRepresentations;
Paleopathology as a tool for the studyof disease.
For More Information contact:
Javier Arias-Stella Jr: aspath@mail.
cosapidata.com.pe

6th International Symposium on
Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine
7 - 10 May, 2000
Caribe Hilton, San Juan, Puerto Rico,
USA
Contact Dr Jose A Centeno, Chairperson,
Department of Medical Education, American Registry of Pathology, Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
20306-6000
Ph 202 782 2839 Fax 202 782 9215
Email centeno@afip.osd.mil
Published four times a year by theInternational Academy of Pathology.
Internet Address: http://www.afip.org/
iap/index.html

UNITED STATES & CANADIAN DIVISION OF THE IAP
Diagnostic Pathology ’99
31 July - 6 August, 1999
Regal Minneapolis Hotel,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
This course is designed to provide updated knowledge for residents, surgicalpathologists and academicians. It addresses the resolution of diagnostic
problems relative to each of the majororgan systems. The course is presented
in a lecture format by a distinguishedfaculty with time allowed for questions
at each session. The setting is informal,
and dress is casual. Registrants will receive six bound syllabi, individualized toeach day’s subject material. In addition,
they will recieve approximately 400transparencies that portray the subject
material covered in the didactic sessions.
The course has been given for ten consecutive years and has received outstanding praise by the participants.
Contact: USCAP. Ph: 706/733 7550.
Fax: 706 733 8033.

11th Congress of the International Academy of Pathology, ArabDivision
19 - 22 November 1999.
Sousse. Tunisia
Contact: Dr Sadok Korbi, Service
d’Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Farhat
Hached, Rue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000,
Sousse, Tunisia.
Tel/Fax: 216 3 210355.

!ATTENTION IAP MEMBERS!
WATCH THE MAIL FOR YOURDIRECTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
All International Academy of Pathology members will soon be receiving
an important questionnaire in themail. The form is being sent to eachof you to give you the opportunity toensure a correct listing in the upcoming 1999 IAP Membership Directory.
IMPORTANT: PLEASE COMPLETE AND
RETURN YOUR DIRECTORY QUESTIONNAIRE BEFORE THE DEADLINE INDICATED!

PRESIDENT
Anna Kadar
Semmelweis University of Medicine
Budapest, Hungary
SECRETARY
Florabel G. Mullick
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Washington, DC 20306-6000 USA
Fax: 1-202-782-7166
Email: mullick@email.afip.osd.mil
TREASURER
Jack P. Strong
Louisiana State University Medical Center
New Orleans, USA
EDITOR
Robin Cooke
Wesley Medical Centre
Brisbane, Australia
Fax: +61 7 3870 4710
Email: cooker@ozemail.com.au

Once received, your information will beedited and processed by our publisher,
Bernard C. Harris Publishing Company,
Inc., for inclusion in the new directory.
Please review the pre-printed information on your questionnaire carefully toensure an accurate listing, and returnthe form immediately - even if the
pre-printed information is correct!
If you fail to return the questionnaire,
your listing may be incomplete, inaccurate, or even omitted from the directory.
So don’t take the chance - keep on thelookout for your questionnaire, then review and return it promptly!

Announced at the I.A.P. Congressin Nice in 1998

ThinPrep®
Pap Test
TM

Congress Office:Secretariat of IAP Nagoya 2000
Japan Convention Services Inc.
2-2-1 Uchisaiwai-Cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 100-0011, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3508-1214
Fax: +81-3-3508-0820
Email: iap@convention.co.jp
http://w3ma.kcom.ne.jp/~jsp/

IAPGold Medal
AwardsThe IAP News Bulletin
is supported by CYTYC

Periodicals postage paid at
Washington, D.C. and additional
mailing office.

Vol 40 No 2 1999

These medals are awarded to individuals
who have furthered the cause of pathology, education and research worldwide.
Here in Nice, France, the country ofRousseau - the enlightened philosopher
closely identified with defining “thegreater good” it is appropriate to stress
how each of our recipients has devoted
his career to this high mission.
The Gold Medal Award Programme
was initiated at the Budapest Congressin 1996 by David Hardwick who donated the first Medals. An initial six
awards were made. At this Congress
four more have been added. It is envisaged that in future, two awards will bemade at each International Congress.
It is my pleasure to report on the decisions of the Gold Medal Committee ofthe Academy. These Awards were theunanimous recommendations of theCommittee which consisted of Professor David F. Hardwick (Chair), Professor Antonio Llombart-Bosch and Professor Nathan Kaufman in consultation
with Councillors, and were approved by
the I.A.P. Council at this meeting. Medals were awarded to each of the following four pathologists:
Joseph Lee
Christian Nezelof
Stephen Vogel Adonis de Carvalho
Gold Medals have already been awarded to the following:
Roger Cotton, Nottingham, England
Nathan Kaufman, Toronto, Canada
Jack Layton, Tucson, USA
Michel Prade, Paris, France
Leighton Stoddard, Augusta, USA
Jack Strong, New Orleans, USA
David Hardwick

David Hardwick,
Professor andChairman,
Department of
Pathology,
University of
British Columbia,Vancouver,
Canada. Former
President of the
I.A.P.

Joseph Lee with his wife, Pam

Joseph Lee was born in Hong Kong
where he did his schooling and undergraduate medical training. He graduated
MBBS from the University of Hong
Kong in 1964.
His postgraduate training was undertaken in the U.S.A. and Canada. He was a
postdoctoral Fellow at the University ofcontinued page 2

IAP IN ACTION

International Society of
Gynecological Pathologists
Visiting Fellowships

Pathology in Finland and theFinnish Division of The IAP
The Editor of this News Bulletin Professor Robin Cooke and Professor Timo
Nevalainen, University of Turku, Finlandtalked about pathology over a lunch at
the Tattersalls Club in Brisbane, Australia
on the 10th December, 1998 when theauthor was on study leave in Brisbane.
RC: How is pathology training organised and what is the number of pathologists in Finland?
TN: Finland has a population of 5 million and there are five Faculties of Medicine in the Universities of Helsinki, Turku, Oulu, Kuopio and Tampere.
Postgraduate training in pathology is organised by these Universities and given in
the Departments of Pathology of the
University Hospitals. Training in autopsy,
histopathology and clinical cytopathology lasts for five years and is followed by anational examination consisting of theoretical questions and microscopy. There
are 150 pathology specialists in the country. The Finnish Division of the I.A.P. hasapproximately 180 members.
RC: It would be interesting to learnsomething about the history of Finland.
How does Finland earn its revenue?
TN: Finland was ruled by Sweden until
1809, and thereafter by Russia until
1917 when Finland became an independent Republic. Unlike many East
European countries, Finland remained
independent and neutral after the Second World War. In 1995 Finland became a member of the European Union.
The first University was founded in
1640 in Turku, the capital of Finland atthat time. The University was moved to
the new capital, Helsinki in 1828. Fromthe very beginning, there was a professor of medicine in the University. The
first autopsy was performed in 1686.
The language of teaching is Finnish,
and Swedish is used in addition to Finnish in the University of Helsinki. The
exports from Finland include paper andtimber, heavy machinery (Valmet,
Kone, Outokumpu), laboratory equipment (Wallac) and electronics (Nokia).
RC: What are the activities of the Finnish Division of the I.A.P.?
TN: The current President of the Finnish Division of the I.A.P. is Dr Paavo
Paakko and the Secretary is Dr Tuomo
Karttunen, both at the Department of
Pathology, University of Oulu, which,by the way, is just south of the Arctic
Circle. The society organises three orfour annual half day or one day national
meetings including lectures and slide
seminars. The society distributes information to its members on national andProfessor Timo Nevalainen

NORWAYRUSSIAFINLANDSWEDEN

Oulu

KuopioTampereTurku

Helsinki

The International Society of Gynecological Pathologists (ISGP) has approved a new program
to support postgraduate training in gynecologic pathology for pathologists from developing
countries. Each fellowship will provide
US$5000 to co-sponsor a trained pathologist
from a developing country to spend from three
to six months in the laboratory of an ISGP
member who is an academic pathologist in amore economically advanced country. Matching funds should be guaranteed by the trainee’s home institution or country or by the hostinstitution.
Applications should include a curriculum vitae, the plan of study, a letter of
acceptance by the ISGP member mentor, the source of the matching funds,
and the proposed period of study (beginning no earlier than 1 January 2000),and should be addressed to Dr. Robert
J. Kurman, Secretary, ISGP, The Johns
Hopkins University School of Medicine,
Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics and Pathology, 600 North Wolfe

MEETINGSBRITISH DIVISION
Symposium on Gynaecological
Pathology
Sheffield, 10-11 September 1999.

Symposium on Urological Pathology
London, 26 - 27 November, 1999.
international meetings and other matters of interest (including the I.A.P.
News Bulletin). Finnish pathologists go
to a lot of international meetings, especially those of the I.A.P. and the European Society of Pathology. The society has
developed close contacts with other bodies in related fields, especially the Societyof Clinical Cytology of Finland, as wellas with pathologists in Estonia on thesouthern side of the Gulf of Finland.
RC: Yes, I noticed that there were about
40 participants from your country at
the 1998 I.A.P. Congress in Nice. Is
there private medicine in Finland?
TN: There are about 20 private pathology laboratories in the country.
RC: Famous Finnish pathologists?
TN: Emeritus Professor Erkki Saxen(President of the I.A.P. 1980 - 1982)
Emeritus Professor Pekka Lauren (classification of gastric carcinoma) and Emeritus Professor Osmo Jarvi (first descriptions of elastofibroma and polycystic
membranous lipodystrophy).
Timo Navalainen, Turku 23 December 1998.

Short Courses:

Gastric Pathology ; Lymphoreticular
Disease ; Cardiovascular Pathology

Symposium on Infectious Diseases
Antwerp, Belgium. 19 - 20 May, 2000

Symposium on Upper GI Tract
Pathology
London, 25 - 26 November, 2000

An International Travel Bursary

has recently been established by the British Division, and already the first granthas been made - to a pathologist from
Uganda. The Bursary has been set up
principally to permit trainee pathologists
from less affluent countries to travel toone of the educational meetings of the
British Division. Successful applicants
are also encouraged to spend up to two
weeks training in a laboratory while they
are in the UK or other areas covered by
the British Division, and accommodation expenses will be provided to facilitate this. Forthcoming educational meetings include Breast pathology, Pulmonary pathology, Gynaecoloogical pathol-ogy and Urological pathology.
Further information about the Bursary,
including an application form andmore details of forthcoming meetings,
can be found on the Website of the
British Division of the IAP, at: http://
www.le.ac.uk/pa/pnf1/IAP/Iaphome.htm
Alternatively, contact the Administrative
Secretary of the British Division,
Carol Harris, P.O. Box 73, Westbury on
Trym, Bristol BS9 1RY, UK. or
Dr Peter Furness MA, BM, BCh, PhD,FRCPath. Consultant Histopathologist
and Senior Lecturer in Pathology, University of Leicester, U.K.
Phone: (+44)(0) 116 2584582 (Direct
to office). Fax: (+44)(0) 116 2584573(Direct to office).

17th Annual Summer Update inClinical Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases.
July 18-23, 1999, Jackson, Wyoming.
The University of Utah, Department of
Pathology, Division of Clinical Pathology, Section of Clinical Microbiology
and Immunology is pleased to offer
these two 22.5 hour reviews and updates in the areas of clinical immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases.
Course Directors: Drs Harry R. Hill,
Larry G. Reimer, Judy A. Daly and Karen C. Carroll.
Course Coordinator: Jeanette Rejali.
Ph: 801 581 5873; Fax: 801 585 1265

XXII Congress - Intermillenium
Latin American Society of
Pathology
October 25 - 30, 1999, Lima, Peru
Main Subjects:
The Early Detection of Four Carcinomas in Latin America Uterus (Cervix) Dra. Patricia Alonso
Breast		Dra Maria Merino
Stomach		Dr Pelayo Correa
Prostate		
Dr Alberto Ayala
Lectures:
Old Diseases with New Challenges
New Diseases with Old Challenges
Dr Ruy Perez-Tamayo.
History of Pathology.
INTERNATIONAL PATHOLOGY (ISSN 0020-8205)
is published quarterly by International Academy of
Pathology, AFIP, Washington, D.C. 20306.
Periodicals postage at Washington, D.C. andadditional mailing offices.

POSTMASTER:
Send address changes to:Administrative Officer
International Academy of Pathology
3643 Walton Way Extension
Augusta, Georgia 30909-7550

Visiting Lecturers:
Dr William Hartman
Dr Juan Rosai will present the Perez
Tamayo Lecture.
Exhibits will include:
Peruvian Mummies with Autopsies
Performed;
Ceramic Specimens with PathologicalRepresentations;
Paleopathology as a tool for the studyof disease.
For More Information contact:
Javier Arias-Stella Jr: aspath@mail.
cosapidata.com.pe

6th International Symposium on
Metal Ions in Biology and Medicine
7 - 10 May, 2000
Caribe Hilton, San Juan, Puerto Rico,
USA
Contact Dr Jose A Centeno, Chairperson,
Department of Medical Education, American Registry of Pathology, Armed Forces
Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC
20306-6000
Ph 202 782 2839 Fax 202 782 9215
Email centeno@afip.osd.mil
Published four times a year by theInternational Academy of Pathology.
Internet Address: http://www.afip.org/
iap/index.html

UNITED STATES & CANADIAN DIVISION OF THE IAP
Diagnostic Pathology ’99
31 July - 6 August, 1999
Regal Minneapolis Hotel,
Minneapolis, Minnesota
This course is designed to provide updated knowledge for residents, surgicalpathologists and academicians. It addresses the resolution of diagnostic
problems relative to each of the majororgan systems. The course is presented
in a lecture format by a distinguishedfaculty with time allowed for questions
at each session. The setting is informal,
and dress is casual. Registrants will receive six bound syllabi, individualized toeach day’s subject material. In addition,
they will recieve approximately 400transparencies that portray the subject
material covered in the didactic sessions.
The course has been given for ten consecutive years and has received outstanding praise by the participants.
Contact: USCAP. Ph: 706/733 7550.
Fax: 706 733 8033.

11th Congress of the International Academy of Pathology, ArabDivision
19 - 22 November 1999.
Sousse. Tunisia
Contact: Dr Sadok Korbi, Service
d’Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Farhat
Hached, Rue Ibn El Jazzar, 4000,
Sousse, Tunisia.
Tel/Fax: 216 3 210355.

!ATTENTION IAP MEMBERS!
WATCH THE MAIL FOR YOURDIRECTORY QUESTIONNAIRE
All International Academy of Pathology members will soon be receiving
an important questionnaire in themail. The form is being sent to eachof you to give you the opportunity toensure a correct listing in the upcoming 1999 IAP Membership Directory.
IMPORTANT: PLEASE COMPLETE AND
RETURN YOUR DIRECTORY QUESTIONNAIRE BEFORE THE DEADLINE INDICATED!

PRESIDENT
Anna Kadar
Semmelweis University of Medicine
Budapest, Hungary
SECRETARY
Florabel G. Mullick
Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
Washington, DC 20306-6000 USA
Fax: 1-202-782-7166
Email: mullick@email.afip.osd.mil
TREASURER
Jack P. Strong
Louisiana State University Medical Center
New Orleans, USA
EDITOR
Robin Cooke
Wesley Medical Centre
Brisbane, Australia
Fax: +61 7 3870 4710
Email: cooker@ozemail.com.au

Once received, your information will beedited and processed by our publisher,
Bernard C. Harris Publishing Company,
Inc., for inclusion in the new directory.
Please review the pre-printed information on your questionnaire carefully toensure an accurate listing, and returnthe form immediately - even if the
pre-printed information is correct!
If you fail to return the questionnaire,
your listing may be incomplete, inaccurate, or even omitted from the directory.
So don’t take the chance - keep on thelookout for your questionnaire, then review and return it promptly!

Announced at the I.A.P. Congressin Nice in 1998

ThinPrep®
Pap Test
TM

Congress Office:Secretariat of IAP Nagoya 2000
Japan Convention Services Inc.
2-2-1 Uchisaiwai-Cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 100-0011, Japan
Phone: +81-3-3508-1214
Fax: +81-3-3508-0820
Email: iap@convention.co.jp
http://w3ma.kcom.ne.jp/~jsp/

IAPGold Medal
AwardsThe IAP News Bulletin
is supported by CYTYC

Periodicals postage paid at
Washington, D.C. and additional
mailing office.

Vol 40 No 2 1999

These medals are awarded to individuals
who have furthered the cause of pathology, education and research worldwide.
Here in Nice, France, the country ofRousseau - the enlightened philosopher
closely identified with defining “thegreater good” it is appropriate to stress
how each of our recipients has devoted
his career to this high mission.
The Gold Medal Award Programme
was initiated at the Budapest Congressin 1996 by David Hardwick who donated the first Medals. An initial six
awards were made. At this Congress
four more have been added. It is envisaged that in future, two awards will bemade at each International Congress.
It is my pleasure to report on the decisions of the Gold Medal Committee ofthe Academy. These Awards were theunanimous recommendations of theCommittee which consisted of Professor David F. Hardwick (Chair), Professor Antonio Llombart-Bosch and Professor Nathan Kaufman in consultation
with Councillors, and were approved by
the I.A.P. Council at this meeting. Medals were awarded to each of the following four pathologists:
Joseph Lee
Christian Nezelof
Stephen Vogel Adonis de Carvalho
Gold Medals have already been awarded to the following:
Roger Cotton, Nottingham, England
Nathan Kaufman, Toronto, Canada
Jack Layton, Tucson, USA
Michel Prade, Paris, France
Leighton Stoddard, Augusta, USA
Jack Strong, New Orleans, USA
David Hardwick

David Hardwick,
Professor andChairman,
Department of
Pathology,
University of
British Columbia,Vancouver,
Canada. Former
President of the
I.A.P.

Joseph Lee with his wife, Pam

Joseph Lee was born in Hong Kong
where he did his schooling and undergraduate medical training. He graduated
MBBS from the University of Hong
Kong in 1964.
His postgraduate training was undertaken in the U.S.A. and Canada. He was a
postdoctoral Fellow at the University ofcontinued page 2