ＣＣＣ
Ｊ夢〔ｕｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍ〔ｅｎｔｅｒｆＤｒＴｅａｃｈｅｒ､ｓＴｏｋｙｏＧａｋｕｇｅｉＵｎｉｖ。

L■■」

Cr､ｅａｔｉｖｅＣｕｒ､ｒｉｃｕｌａｇＬＴｅａｃｈｉｎｇ
ＮｅＮ＆ｌｅｔｔｅｒ、岡．」

ＥｎｇｌｉｓｈＥｄｉｔｉｏｎ
Ｎｏｏ巳ＮｏｖＢｍｂｅＦ２Ｄｐｑ

ＡｎＥａｓｙＧｕｉｃｌｅｔｏＳｃｈｏｏｌＥｖａｌｕａｔｉｏｎ
visiting:縣灘既鯏蹴F悶順蝿,E;;:H:Ｆ１::鯛鯏AkihikoHashimotosha｢ingobiectivelyrevealedbctsamong"SchoolEducationLaw",schoolevaluationhasnotyet
becomewellestablished

SchoolevaluatlonisayoLlngsystem､Therdbre1mostln-serviceteachershaveneverleameditEvenpro値ssors

ofteacheﾄtrainingcollege5areoftenh2elingtheirwayto
teachschoolevaluationasonlyafewprollesso｢Ｓｈａｖｅｐ｢acticalknowled9eofitlnclasses，profe55o｢sglve
Iecturessuchas'Theimportanceofschoolevaluation〃
and〃Methodologyofschoolevaluation〃andexplain
about"accountability","PDCAcyde","qualityassurance"，
andsoonThedassesmightalsoincludelecturesofthe"SchoolEvaluationGuidelines〃issuedbytheMinlstl｢yofEducation，Culture，Sports，SdenceandTechnology(ＭＥXT)andpractice5ofschoolsadvancedinimplement‐
ingschoolevaluationSuchdas5esonschoolevaluation
areoftensaidtobe"｡i用cult〃

Then,whatisthemostimpoltantthingthatcanbesaid
fOrschoolevaluation？|twouldbetofOcusonthinklng"howshoLlIdlutilizeit?"tolmprovetheschoollnwhichyou（might）getinvolvedThinklnghowtoorganize，
modilMandoperateitlngeneral/'evaluation"tendstobe
dislikedHowever,schoolevaluationinwhichMEXTtal〈esElleadership｢oleisdearlyintendedto〃improve"school
actMties・Thebeautyofschoolevaluationshouldbethat
itisundertakenbytheentireorganization-notmerely
bysomeindividualssuchascertainteachers-asan
approachtoimp｢ovlngaschoolPurposefulandsyste、「

allinvolved1andpu｢suingeffective

improvementstrate-

gies、Suchvigorous
actMtiescouldbe‐…Ｐ卍‐ｒｕ９Ｎ０ｉ１－１匹Ⅲ、；瞳帥ｚ

aticcommunication，

actMty,so-calledschoolevaluation,hadbeenconductedinsomereglonsandschoolsin」apansincethel950s・lt
cametobepracticednatlonwidearoundane｢theMStandardlbrElementalrySchoolEstablishment"wasrevisedin
April20021t｢equi｢e。that"School5shouldmal<eeflbrtto
implement〃SellLevaluation〃concerningtheiractivities1
anddisdosethe｢esultstothepublic.〃Althoughitwas
legislatedin」ulyZOO7accordingtotherevisionofthe－ｆＦＦｉ

ｲｲSchoolevaluation〃ｉｓnewtoteachereducationTherealizedbytheatmosphereof"thin|<ingfreely"・

Thegoalsandstrategieswouldvalyamongschools・Consequently,itisnaturalthatpurposesandmethodsfbr
schoolevaluationva｢ywidelyThewaystoevaluateschoolsshouldbelefttoeachschool'sdiscretion（asunderscoredinthe"Guidelines"ofMEXTandothers)For

example,thereshouldbemanyapproachestoelidtthe
students’gualdians’wlshesdependingonschools：
questionnaire5aremoreconvenientjresultsofg｢ouphearingsinpa｢ent-teacher'smeetlngsaremoreeffective；
altematively，hearingrecordsofrepresentativesfrom
chiIdren'ｓｇｕａ｢dianswillsufficelmplementationｏｆ"schoolevaluation〃「equi｢esabilitiestoselfprescribet｢eatments,whe｢ebypeopledeterminethei｢dosageand
usagebythemselvesacco｢dingtotheirsymptomsand
physicalstrength’Thinl〈ing「｢eely〃iｓｑｕiteataskMoreover,sharinga
mu[ualunderstandingwithinschoolsandlocalcommunitlesisevenmoredifficultAre5earcherworkingwlthmy

senio｢associatesaysthatitwilltal<ｅ''１０years"toimplementschoolevaluationandseeitsfruitaltiscertainlyno

usetocreatesuchaperfbct〃prolbrma〃５etofdrcumstancesovernight・Schoolsmustestablishanethosof"thinkingtogether"andgraduallyshapeandimp｢oveit

afterdeterminingthebasisReachingsuchanunderstandinｇｓｅｅｍｓｔｏｂｅａｓｅｃｒｅｔｆｏｒｔｈｅ〃EasyGulde"」
apologizethatthisisnotagreatsecretatalt邨ＣｕｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍＣｅｎｔｅｒ、ｆｏｒＴｅａ亡ｈｅｒｓｏｆＴＤｋｙｏＧａｋｕｇｅｉＵｎｉｖ。

WelcomingaNewProfessorchangingtrendsoftimesandsocialdrcumstances､Iwouldlil<etomakeuseofsuchactualfeeIingｓ－ｗｈｉｃｈ

ｌｈａｖｅｈｅｌｄｉｎｍｙｐ｢evlouscomparativestudies--andputthemtopracticalusefbrmuch-neededresearch
activitiesattheCenter,

Althoughlhavenotyetconc｢etelyplannedmyown
studyfOrin-servicetraininglamconsideringthe
fOllowingtopics:criteriaforsubjectiveandobjective
measurementsofthe’１effects〃ofln-seMcetralning，

significanceandtransfOrmationｏｆａ〃trainingcuIture〃forteachers,andestablishmentofafunctionalgrowththeolryofteache｢sbasedonaframeworl〈offunctional
growththeoriesfOrordinaIybusinesspeoplelnanycase，maintainingcontactwithcolleaguesatthe
Centerandrelevantdepartmentsofunive｢sities，schools,andboardsofeducation,lwouldlike

KerliiMaehara

toelaborateconc｢eteresearchplan5withmymotto-

lstartedanewjobattheDivislonofResea｢chandDevelopmentforln-Se｢viceTeachersoftheCu｢riculum"alwayslightenmentalandphysicalfOotwork1〃
lnSeptemberofthisyear,ｔｈｅＤｅｍｏｃ｢aticPartyof｣apangainedcontrolofthegovemmentfOrthehrst
timeTheywilIbringconsiderablechangestoedu亡a‐tionalpoliciesasweⅡltwillbeanewerathatdemands
aneworderfbrpoliticsandadministrationandfO「relationshipsinschools､UndersuchcircLlmstances,theCenterfOrTeachelrsonOctober１，２００９」ｈａｖｅｗｏ｢kedfOrteacher-trainingcourseｓａｔｐ｢ivateuniversitiesfOr
aboutl5yearsandmalnlybecameinvolvedinteacher
educationfbrjuniorandseniorhighschools・Working
fortheCenterisanewchallengefOrmelamgratefultobegivensuchanopportunityandwillt｢ytogetused
totheCenter'sworkassoonaspossiblelwouldlil〈etoasl<fOryoursupportlnval･iousareasofinterest・

raisond'６trefOrresearchersandresearchinstitutions

willbequestionedagainAsaresearcher,lwillmaintainobiectivityand5pecialties,andnotleanandconfine

Ｔｏｄａｔｅ,Ihavemainlystudiedtrenclsofeducation
refOrminmodernGermany.Ｆ｢omahistoricalperspective，ｍａｎｙsimilaritiesexistbetweentheeducational
systemsinGermanyandin」apanHowever,thedirectlonsoftheirpostwareducationaIpolidesdifferedconsiderably・Wecanseeacontrastingorientatiｏｎ，suchaswhenGermanyiscar｢yingonrefb｢ｍｓａｉｍｅｄａｔ
ｐ｢odudngeducationalsystemssimilaｒｔｏｔｈｏｓｅｏｆ｣apaneseeducation,｣apanissettingitsgoalfOreducationalsystemsresemblingthoseofGermaneducation・
ThesetwonationsseemasthoughtheyarerLlnningon
oppositesidesofaciにしllartracl<，｜〈eepingsome

distanceofhallWayaround;itcanhardlybesaidwhichcountryisaheadTheremightbenoobjectively"correctanswer〃ｆＯｒｈｏｗｔｏｏ｢ganlzeeclucationlt
seemslil〈eIythatthesearchandreformprocesses

myselftherｅＷｉｔｈ〃lightnessoffOotwo｢k",lwouldlil<ｅｔｏ５ｅｔｍｙｇｏａｌｆｏｒ〃highambition〃whileconfronting
therealitieswovenbypoIiticsoradministrationand
schools・

Onafinalnote,TokyoGakugeiUniversityisactuaｌｌｙ

ｍｙａｌｍａｍａｔｅ｢,wherelspentfOuryearsasanundergraduatelnthatsense,Iamverypleasedtohavean
opportuｎｉｔｙｔｏｗｏｒｋａｔｔｈｅＣｅｎｔｅ｢．Althoughthe
sceneryofMusashi-koganeiandl〈okubunjiStations
hasdlangeddramatically,thepassionofstudentsfOr
seekingtheirdreamsfOrthefutu｢eonthiscampusis
apparGntlyunchangedPIadngimportanceon
relationshipswithsuchstudents,lwilltrytofulfillmy
responsibilitiesadequatelyasaneducationstaff
memberofthisunive｢sity,You｢supportwillbegreatlyappreciated③

〔ｒｅａｔｉｖｅＣｗｒｉｃｕｌａｇＴｅａｃｈｉｎｇ

ResearchPrQiectoftheDMsionofCuｒｒｉｃｕｌｕｍＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈａｎｄＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｎｎｅnt
ExaminationoftheTeacherEducationCurriculum:Basedonlnterviews

withGraduatesfromTbkyoGakugeiUniversityatthｅＴｉｍｅｏｆＦｏｕｎｄａｔｉｏｎlnrecentteachereducationpolides,fOsteringofl1practicalschoorsdiscretion・The

Meanwhile,concemshavearisenthatteachereducation

school-basedfreeeduca-teachingabilities"fOrteache｢sisvociferouslydemanded・

pos5ibilityexiststhat

atuniversitiesmightbeｃｏｍｅ〃normalschool''一likethroughinterventionsbythegovernmentandboa｢dsofconductedinasense

tionp｢acticeswere

DuringsuchaconfUsing

educationandbesMfidentonlytofOste｢"p｢acticalteachingabilities〃ｉｎａｎａ｢ｒｏｗ５ｅｎｓｅｌｎｔｈｅｈ｢stplace1how
shouldunive｢sitie5apprehend〃practicaIteaching

periodasthatafte「thewar1whatkindofteacher

educationwassoughtandwhatl<indofcurriculumwere
deatedonaschoolbasis7Notonlyfbrmalcurriculum,but
alsoteache｢-student「elationshipsandinfbrmalcultu｢esabilities"inabroadersenseandnurtureteachers?Wecan

thinkofvariou5optionsfO「themethod5Iitisreadily
apparentthatleamingprocessesinlifeasateacherafter
graduatiｏｎａ｢ecrudallyimportant，TherefOre，teacher

establishedamongstudents5houldbeeluddatedandanalyzedashiddencurricuIum
Fromsuchavlewpoint,wefi｢stattempttoclarilycurriculumatthattimemultilaterallythroughstudiesofthe

educationcu｢riculumshouldbeexamined｢enectivelyon
along-termba5is，ｂｅa｢inginmindgraduate5’｜ivesas
teachersandfurtherleamｉｎｇｐ｢ocessesthereafteK

Thisp｢Ojectisdesignedtoexaminewhatmeanlngsand

effectsteachereducationcurriculumｂｒｉｎｇｔｏｔｈｅｇ｢owthofteachers・Ｆｏ「ｔｈａｔｐｕ｢posaweareconducting
interviewsofgraduatesfromthetimeofthefOundingof
TokyoGakugeiUniversity・Theinte｢viewquestionsa｢erelatedtocurriculumoffe｢ｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｍａｎｄｔｈｅｉ「livesas

teachers・Subjectsarethosewhograduatedfromthe
universityduringthetransitlonalperiodbetweentheold
systemandthenewsystem(fromtheendofthewartoaroundl953whentheapprovalsystemwasint｢oducedlbruniversitles)Manyaspectsofcurriculum,materials,andteachingpracticefO｢teachereducationatthetimellave
becomeunknown,pemap5becausetheywe｢elefttoeach

ExpectationsfOrtheCurriculum
CenterforTeachers
YOjiltoliteratureandinteⅣiews・Second,weattempttounderstandwhatmeaningsthecur｢iculumofthatperiodeventuallyhad
fbrg｢aduates'experlencesasteachersBasedonthestudies
describedabove，weexamlnecurriculumeffectsina
broadersen5eandoverthelongspan,including、otonly
intendedoutcomesofteache｢educationatthetimebut

alsounintendedoutcomesExaminingthemisexpectedto
offerimportantknowledgeandmethodologie5andcontributetoteachereducationcu｢riculumrefbrmona

universitybasis､Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔiｍｅ,fOreducationpolides，
suchastudywillpointoutthenecessityofexaminationof
curriculumwithalong-termperspective(Ｍａ｢iko}〈aneko）

the11BasicPrindple5oftheDevelopmentofHumanResources
fOrTeache｢5"(OctoberZOO8）

Thestudyofin-servicet｢ainingisundertakenmainlybythe

P1incipaLKokubuUiiDaiichiJuniorHighSchool,Tokyo
MemberofUleAdvisoryBoard
lbrtheCulTiculum
CenterlbrTeacherslnthelastAnnualReportoftheCu｢｢iculumCenterforTeachers，Profes5orHeidema｢ieKemnitzde5cribedthreephasesof
teachereducationinGe｢many:aneducationpe｢iodatuniversity,asubsequentworkingperiodasatrainee,andacontinuouseducationpe｢iodasateacher・Asapersonwhoworksata
school,Iamnaturallymo｢einterestedinthethi｢dphasethan
eitheroftheothers､Ａｓａｍａｔｔｅ「ｏｆｆact,nurturingofin-se｢viceteache｢ｓｈａｓｅｍｅ｢gedasapressingchallengeTworeasonscanexplainthat「esulLOneischange5ofsodald｢cumstancessu｢roundingschools，ｓｕｃｈａ５「esponsestoimprovementofacademiｃ
ｐｅ｢no｢mance，creationofno｢mativecon5ciou5nes5，ａｎｄcomplaintsbyguardianaAnothe「ｉ５ｔｈｅａｒｒｉｖａｌofmass
retirementandmas5employmentForthosereasons，theTokyoMetropolitanGovernmentiscarryinglbrwarddevelopmentofhumanresourcesmorepu｢posefullyandsystemati
callybothintheboa｢d5ofeducationandschoolsaccordinｇｔｏ

DivisionofResearchandDevelopmentfO｢|n-5erviceTeache｢softheCenter・Additionalstudyi5expectedtoclarifymore
effidentandeffectivetrai､ing,Ａｔｔｈｅｓａｍｅｔｉｍｅ,education
thatexamineschange5ofsodaldrcumstance5sur｢oundingmodemschoolsisnecessal〕/inthefirstandsecondphasesof
teachert｢aininga5well・Torespondtothat,5tudent5willneed
tocultivateadditional〃practicalunderstanding〃acqui｢edth｢oughexperienceinadditiontoconventional〃theo｢eticalunderstanding〃obtainedthroughda55roomlectures・The
hollowingattemptsarenewfb「teachereducationinthat
sen5e：intensiveschoolfO「futureteachers，bytheTokyoMetropolitanGovemmentBoardofEducation；andTokyo
GakugeiUniversity'slecture5entitled’'１ntroductiontothe
TeachingProfession,"fOrwhichtheKol〈ubunjiCityBoardof
EducationacceptsareqLIestofcoope｢ation・
Ｎｏｗａｎｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｕｔｕ｢e，universitiesmustEarryfO｢wardnurturingofteacherswhocaｎａｄａｐｔｔｏｔｈｅｎｅｗｅ｢a,closelycoope｢atingandinteractlvelycommunicatingwithboa｢dsofeducationandschoolsPayingmyrespectstotherolethatis

playeｄａｎｄｔｈｅ「esea｢chperfbrmanceoftheCente「asthe

pivotofthestucly,lanticipatefurther｢esearchanddevelopment．

⑬

Sit層Ｓｕｊｈ鰹ｒｅＹｅａｃｈｅｒｓ
ｍｒｅＮｕｒｉｕｒｅｄ

sevenmajors：Chinese，English，Music，ＦｉｎｅArts，Science，Mathematic5andlnlb｢mationTechnology､Ove｢９８％ofgradu-

ＥｌｅｍｅｎｔａｒｙＥｄｕｃａｔｉｏｎａｌＣｏｌｌｅｇｅｏｆＣａpital
NormalUniversity,ＢｅｉｉｎｇＣｈｉｎａ
ＤｒＺＸｉａＰｅｎｇｘｉａｎｇ,AssociateProfessor
Ｆ１ｗＦ翻珊鰯

｜令ｉｉｉ

CapitalNo｢malUnive｢sity｡､瀞蕊一 にNU）wase5tablishedonl954bytheBeiingmunid-

palgovernmenta5awell-knowninitialteacher

traininginstituteibrsecondaiyeducationNowCNUhas
l7schoolsanddepart-ment5,ｍｏｓｔｏｆｗｈにhoffer

programsthatareun｢elated

toteache｢s'certihcation・App｢oximatelyZ9,O00stLldent5a｢enowleaminginCNUa5undeIgraduatestudents,ｇ｢aduatestudentsl
andadulteducationlea｢ne｢５.ThemaincampusofCNUislocatednearBeiingTVTowe｢,alivelydowntownarea
lnl999,theoriginaltwoNormalSchoolSinBe1ng(Beijin93｢ｄＮo｢malSchoolandTon9zhouNormalSchool)ｗｅ｢emergedinto
CNU,establishingtheEIementaryEducationalCollege,making
thistheyearthelOthannive｢saryoftheCollege,TheElementaiy
EducationalCollegecampusha5｢emainedatthesamelocationas
Bemng3rdNormalSchool,about5kmdistantfromthemaln

campus・TheCoIlegeistllelargestinstitutelbrBachelor-levelelementaryteachert｢aininginChinajapp｢oximately300undeト
graduate5tudentsofeachyearofstudyarepwsuing5tudiesincum"."ObseⅣation"hasbeen5etfbrthefirstsemesterof5econd‐

yearstudent5;studentsarerequiredtopreparelbrlaterstudyand
wo｢|<inpracticum-ba5edstudyth｢oughtwo-weel〈obseⅣationof
alll〈indsofelementalyteache｢s'ｗｏ｢kincludingclasslessonsand
da5sroommanagementEvelystudentmuStdoaninten51ve"Practicum"。u｢ingthefTstsemesterofthelburthyearofstudy,
TheperiodlbrpracticumhasbeenpostponedtolOweeksfrom
thestudentsofZOO6entranceOnlyaslx-weekpracticumat
elementalyschoolamongBemngurbanareawas｢equiredbelbre
then,whileafour-weekpracticumatelementaryschoolamong
5uburbana｢eashasbeenaddedTheaimofthecur｢icular｢efOrmistonurtureelementa｢yschoolteacherswithfU11competendesandflexibilitiesth｢oughthepracticumatschoolsoftwolype５．
５tudentteacher5mustdowo｢kasclassroomteadlersinaddition

totheteachingsubject5EveiystLIdentteachermustproduceat
leastsevenlessonplansdu｢ingtheperiodunderthe5upervision
ofmentor-whosupeMsestwostudents-andmu5tteachina
subjectotherthanthemaiordwingtheIatterpe｢iodThepracljcumprogramofsuburba｢eastartedonSeptember1，2009;３０７student5havebeenengagedasstudentteachersat43
elementaiyschoolsineightsubu｢bandistrictsnearBeUing．

『劃( WBrmiimlID蝿。『TＥａＣｈｅｒＥｍｕｃａｔｉｎｎ

ateshavebeenreduitedaselementaIy5choolteachersand
en9agedinbasiceclucationinBeiing・TheGraduateSchool，awa｢dingMa5te｢degree5,hasalsobeene5tabllshed
TeachingPracticeisadistinguishedprog｢amoftheCollege'５
Ｃｕ｢｢icula・Ｔｈｅｐ｢ogramhastwopa｢[s:''0bseⅣation"ａｎｄ"Practi-modification〃ｉｓｋｎｏｗｎａｓ〃reflection〃inteache「education

SinceDonaldASch6nintheU､５．suggestedateache｢'simageasa"rene亡tivepractitione｢"inthel980s,theimagehasbecome

ReHection

awo｢|dwidet｢endfo｢teachereducationresea｢chFurthermore1

Eachteache｢mu5t5electandp｢acticeinthebestwayacco｢dingtocontinuouslychangingconditionsintheeducationheld
Consequently，anexcellentteacher--asidefI･omhaving
expertiseinhxedskillsa､。「ichexpe｢ience-lsapractitione「in」apa､，manycurricularrefO｢mshavebeenpursuedｌb「teache｢educationwithaltemationbetwGen"p｢actice''activities
atschoolsand〃reflection〃ａｓｔｈｅｉ「coresBecauseteachersin｣apanhllmany｢olesasidefromteaching,problemsassodated
withmentalaspectsof〃｢ef1ection〃aremanyandscientihc
approachesarefew.（Yasuyukilwata）

whocanconstantlymonitorone'ｓｏｗｎｐ｢acticesobjectivelyandthenmodifyfuturepractice５.Thisprocessof,lmonitoring
andobjectiveassessmｅｎｔｏｆｏｎｅ'ｓｏｗｎｐ｢actice,withIate「ＳｐＢＣｉａＩＬ⑧CiIHrei]ＭＵｉＳｉｉｍｇＰｒＯ『悪ｓｓｏｒ"IntemationaIi”tionofTeacherEducaiion
inSweden，，Dr601egPopov(UmeiiUnjiVersity）

１４:30-17:００，Wednesday,December2,２００９
The4Ihmeetingroom,IjWimaHall，

KoglaneiCamptiS,TOkyoGaku圏eiUniverSity

StaffofCurriculumCenterforTeachers

ＴｈｃＣＣｉＴｉｓｌ〕rodlIco(lbylhcCurriculumCcnlol-「orToachcrs，Di】℃clOrSI-IIMANAI<Ａ,Michinori（ProlGssor,JaI)aneseCIassicaILileralure）

TOI(yoGnkugCiUniv(〕rsily、EdiLor:YDshimiUcsugI

ConteI･RGscarchcrsl〕Osigner:ＴｓｕｋａｓａＡ(〕ｙａｍａａｎ〔lXiaohuiZhan8ll〕iviRi()ｎｏ｢CurriculllmResGflI･ｃｈａｎ(11)ovel(〕I)mPnl］(Aoy【ＩｍａＬｆｌｂ.,C81Iligr【ｌｐｈｙａｎｄＡ1.1s,rTokyoGakugciUTlivel･siIy）

MITSUISI-II,Halsuo(Pro｢GssoI.,CurricuIunlSlLldies）
Ｉ<ＡＮＥＫＯ，Mariko

CLlrriculumCenterR〕I･Teachers,Toky(〕Cal(ugeiUniversi(ｙ（AssocitlLel〕roltJssol.,Educati(jnalSociology）

iDivisiono｢TeacherPI･opfu･〔lli(〕nRGsea1℃ｈａｎ(lDGvGl()pl】1enll

４－１－ｌＮｕｌ《[ルI〔ｉｌａｍｆ１ｃｈｉＩ<()ganGi，'1､oky(】１８４－８５()ＩＪａｌ)aI1

lWATA，Ynsuyuki（Associalo1〕lUllGssol;HisIolicalSludieso｢TmchcI･Educati〔〕､）ＵＥＳＵ(Ⅱ，YbShimi（AssociateProfessorIMediaEd(】Ｃａ(ioll）

Te上81-42-329-7776

Fax：81-42-329-7786

E-mail:culTic(、u-gakugei・ac・jl〕

１１〕iviSiollofResea1℃hal1dDevelopmenl｢o「In-Se｢viceTetlchers｝

Websi(e:http://www・u-gakugCi・acjp/~curricVenglish/index・hｔｍｌ

MAEl-lARA,I<clUi（AssociateProfesRor,EducatioMlA〔lnlilliglra[ion）④