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Record of my Geochemical Study
From Hot Spring to Global Environmental Problem
Yasushi KITANO
Emeritus Prof4 of Nagoya University,**, 

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Jour4 Oceanogra4 Soc4 Japan, .,, .*,ῌ.,* (+320) ; klmnop  CDE῏  z klm/  B -2 (.), +0-ῌ+1. (+322) ; tuv "2ktB +*, (0), 00.ῌ02. (+33-) ; tu.g2klmnop.sQ2CD x+330

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tu.g2klmp¥ ¦ zZ ,+-p7 x,*** ; tu §¨£0tu©
!  x Zª«7 9'`(8¬¢)­.FR34.IJ ¢ῌz῍tu¤v®0¯SY 9/* ° ± CDE῏'@ ²~w.Gf8H]V7* ³´.µ.klmp¥ xCaCO- )LR7 vw¶t ·¸99`( ~¹.º»w.¼68H27

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   !  "#

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&'()(*+ )!

7#83. 9:;< (=>? @CaCO-A (*3 BC(. !"##$DE+) !"D%F+&G'()ῌ*)H+-I0 B!"D' ,)J80K- + %(4*3 ;< (./+>?0L M1(.23E+)(# !"D CaCO- "4N5O6= 1.
7P8
1.Q9R: 4ST U;< .=VL 31῍ >L+Q9?@AQ9(=W X+YBC #3+ BZ[D\8 F+)]^0#*#-
_-  CaCO- 
1.Q9`EFGH +3.3 I 3 a JK 1LM#3 Bb#  JK 1.
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 1. k Z[#- .:# CaCO- ]\^O5   B!8\5F+ CaCO- *)H+d] :43 +3.2/+ I - IN+I- lm-&%BB 8 ;_mu(  4nb-#o8# p 1.qL4\  >?Ocr

 8\st ( uῌ(68!

+vwstM1K- %R:  8\ CaCO- E3 f.# N'`x yz.(4{|(*+CaCO- N5Oo}F+.  pH CO,  Mg, ~l(* B{ 4m(CaCO- ./[[ῌ<{ 8\B!%7! l3(.

*+B(+m- #3 - Im-0  4#83m-)h83
BuN %%.73 Bb#
( F+0¡ ¢%8\>?).I83 40( global #)\l£¤¥¦+) #3
B!.Q%[§D \0)]3  (.Q§DOc(+c¨ .#83 +3/* I ,+ ,(.Q%[§D©ª*e «BOcῌ L\! §D[\ Q­

<\8\¬Q^400 ®¯  °\! 1.Q§D.v, ±3±#0²]_   !+ >?³+3/+/, I . - lm-Qf´@( !  dµ(fd+ ­)+ CaCO-tF+) %¶~·¸¹4

7 º  U : 1. +3/, I 8\º»3 º (.¼ /, ¼ @,**-A5 ?:»)»  ob,-*«|»

159      +1    !"# : $ %   &' (      !" )# *$ %&  ' (   CaCO0)*+,+ -,-../0/1 !

12345 6278 3 495 67:; 82<0Mg, Fe, Mn+3/- =9>?:@ AB ;<CDE :; 8 5FGH =+>I

J? @"KA LMDN? @OP

"KA 0QB + l  .*C1* g 5 D8-7

1R SET FUVῌ?:WN! 8X7 #YZ"KC["K \ 5]GH ^_`I06JKL=Ga]MNOPQRS -H,O-CO, T D8bU UVN6= VW XcCa,YYMg,Y dS! HCO-Z dS]GH e@.f[-g  ?:cS hij3[J\ 6fk0l. 

:; 8 / =T]^G m# _"K 62` na 8 c obc8?:@pqd5m# r :; 8  na 88 +3/1 =e  m#s1 t=!cfc8?:@] Fg!=uv hcwi7x50 Zy / zj`J6 CaCO- d[k{?:|} l0~56  +30* = , mi5nopq rst UVῌ?:01uorv A&M

8w8A  7iT F !H , = - xm2  T SEnopq UVT F  ) )y-[w  z{ 1l*

CaCO-V+-|}! [k{65N6=

~5 P  7 ?:50 P# v 5 ?: U# ["]015 ?:=5\0#6= v+ +G G
TLE wMT F y UV17  PP$= 6$6PP=5 CaCO-V+ )yj

7% w  )!  J5w  )?:|}¡¢ £¤ 5w  )i nopq  NOs Pv P PsR ¡¢Pp ¥ £Q¤P ¥& @0vA ¦¦ ,1 §5T F§oUV1 UNESCO

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 Ca,YY ,

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HCO-CaCO-CO,H, O Ca,  HCO-- CaCO- 

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CaCO-!+78

9?' +/ # @   A/ B' CDE&FGHIJ& K'  CaCl,
Na, CO-CaCO-,Na,Cl !HLM+#  B Na  Cl H

NO' P /QB& R ' S  TU9IV W-XYZ-Z' [WB\]  BH' ;^ I_ `abcde9I fg!
 ' "I

The Kitano’s Precipitation Reaction h$%Og  g9Zij-@ kal #!+* , m$nop' + m$nop' qnopNjr78 ';#!9IGV* CaCO- s%-FG k&tu' &Iu' vdwxnyl z{|' kbl#!+* , m$nop' + m$nopNjrqnop' ;#!9IGV* CaCO'} ( ~~  , m$nop)*' kcl [+ ,!9ITῌ
N0 kCa, Mgl CO- k-X5E.3 +,V?l Njrvdwxny
' kdl &IuNjr kCa, Mgl CO- -i.
$- - :;

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FGH+* , m$nop ' Ca, jOnop3 Mg, -X&tu CaCO- 4OJZ' &Iu CaCO- 4OZZ' & Ca, jOnop35#
Ba, -X&Iu4O4*Z' &tu4OH  )

B&  HBR ' #!+*nop3 Mg, -XI4OH&Iu CaCOOH&tu CaCO-O4*Z ' &nop35# Ba, -XI4

OJZ*' YZWH0-B& #!'+* + m$nop&tu CaCOCaCO- 4O4*B& SO.,

OJZ*' &tu4OHZ&IuZqnop&tu CaCO-' &tu4OZZ' &Iu4OJZ' SO.

,O4*Z*%0&Iu O4*Z*&tu4OJB& Ca, 4 Mg, ¡¢ OJ &tu 5.OJgR9 *6£7 ¤0 #H' I^)8¥¦§ 5.9?
$-¥¦BI TῌB,!9I¨=B:gB#-9
kCa, Mgl CO- © ¥¦^'B;B#g%<-«99I¬'

9 s5?@­® A B0Z ' «> 9g¯Z-9-&WO
9F=

 ¥¦=> 9ª9O$ )CBD5E °±9IT% g&' TUu²³9IV  CaCO- ¥¦' ´ ¥¦§µ-O^HI%W0  

+¶·ῌ,ῌGB& ¸ ¹BºZH' +¶ FºH» /, ¼ X,**-YIJ%ºm+kH45PM»º   161       !" #$ %&'"( ) *+*#$ ,-)( () ."/" +20.! $( 123456 8 !  +96 .:?,-@A%)B (!+=)>/)$6C( !"  6 78 (  !;(<)6 $( D9 !3 CEFJD6 KH L6 M6 M NO
# CO,  DT CO,P!

GHCEI"QRSL ;(# $L Q%U ; &'(VW XCaCO-Y Z) KH L + L[\ CO,  *4*-῍ )B]%6 '! ;* .0 ^+,H-_A'6 ./ `a%Aa/b01 23% c1 L 3* L[ CO, 31῍ *d1 L +ῌ+-, L[ CO, 3/῍
((H RSL( -* L[ 31῍ CO,
56 A"6 e4B"f 6/"!6 *g ! CaCO-hi/789!:ji/5)$* CO, 8;C*CO, L+k< + L[ CO, *4*-῍ *<'" A"g = CaCO-CE>=l!'!?*"g m@6 pH6 CEA?)$no*<'!Bk+'"!6 'k Cp / q rs""  Ca,ytDOu?v!E/Fw'6zG{l HCE>|}+kKH] CaCO-x A

5H@I~*"%6 GJ H]K pBLB6 g zC M%AT "1 

+32* +Nz6 56 Q OA H45PM!Q*"  R;(S*M CO, ;HmTCPMU')/"

HmTC IJD)$*,(*)+/" 6 VWzXY Z[\+k]
HmTC ;(<6 )a CO, %AT " +kmTCPM_^_sfa'6  PM /+%`*<)/*A/" +322 + / 6 a! a_ 45b!c Kde$%*" HmTCPMfgh6  gh_+kKAi+/" T)a-6 COP.

 -6 COP0cjAklml-COP-¡¢£-)$ NGO *o*6>/" HmTC (p¦§"*6 O#< qr( p¦ !¨s tl 6 '© §<aª+)

«An)% ¤¥6 §"!&"CE>u¬v*6 w­E>)xfῌy3­EIJD\<®¯°±(*" HmTCL M,6  PM

!6 LRCO, z@Cp

²Lῌg{RCO,|}  

( '6 ³G{´³HmTC /|<}C)<c)/M;µrs"  ~'T¶·)()/*A/"!¸¹""