RESEARCH REPORT
Environmental Health Study of Marine Coastal Waters of The Gili Matra
Marine Tourism Park, Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia

Suhendar I Sachoemar1,2, Akihiko Morimoto3, Agung Riyadi1

1 Research Centre for Environmental and Clean Technology, National Researchand Innovation Agency (BRIN), Indonesia
2Departmentof Agro-Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Indonesia (ITI),

Tangerang Selatan
3Center for Marine Environmental Studies, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho,

Matsuyama, Ehime, 790-8577, Japan

1. Background and Research Objective
Gili Matra Marine Tourism Park, hereinafter referred to as Gili Matra MTP, has anarea of 2,954 ha, consisting of 665 ha of land and the rest is marine waters. GiliMatra MTP, is located in the coastal waters of North Lombok, West Nusa
Tenggara Province and consists of three islands, namely Gili Meno, Gili Air andGili Trawangan. Gili Matra MTP is a tourist destination for tourists from various
countries. The economic life of coastal communities in Gili Matra MTP is highly
dependent on tourism activities with the main attractions being snorkeling anddiving at several coral reef and turbid coral spots. The aim of the research is tounderstand the environmental health status of the marine costal ecosystem ofGili Matra MTP by identification and observation of biophysical and chemical
oceanography in order to maintain the sustainability of marine ecotourism-based
economic life. This objective is in accordance with the implementation of theSDGs point 14 program concerning conserve and sustainably use of the oceans,seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

3 / 7

2.

Method

2.1. Study Area
The research was conducted in the marine and coastal environment of the GiliMatra MTP, West Nusa Tenggara which consists of the coastal and marine areasof Meno, Ayer and Trawangan Islands. Gili Matra MTP is located at 8o20' - 8o23'
South Latitude and 116o00' - 116o08' East Longitude (Fig.1). Gili Matra MTPborders the Java Sea in the north and west, while in the south it borders theLombok Strait and in the east it borders Tanjung Sire. The Gili Matra MTP area
has an area of 2,954 hectares which is divided into three islands, namely Gili Air.
(± 175 ha with an island circumference of ± 5 km), Gili Meno (± 150 ha with anisland circumference of ± 4 km) and Gili Trawangan (± 340 ha with an island
circumference of ± 7.5 km). The rest of the area is marine waters. Gili Matra MTP
was originally a protected area since 1993. Its status was changed to a marine
tourism park in March 2009. In September 2009, its name was changed to Marine
Tourism Park based on Decree of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries
No. KEP.67/MEN/2009 (BKKPNK, 2021).

Fig 1. Study area of Gilli Matra Marine Tourism Park of Lombok, Nusa
Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.

4 / 7

The Gili Matra MTP ecosystem consists of seagrass beds, mangrove forests andcoral reef. The mangrove forest ecosystem is centered on Gili Meno with theAvicennia, sp type. Meanwhile, the seagrass meadow ecosystem is spread with8 types of seagrass. Management of the Gili Matra MTP is divided into 7 zones
with 2 sustainable fisheries zones. Each zone is the core zone, utilization zone,port zone, rehabilitation zone and protection zone. Meanwhile, sustainablefisheries zones are divided into traditional sustainable fisheries zones andmodern sustainable fisheries zones (BKKPNK, 2018).

2.1. Data Collection and Analyzed
Thebiophysicalandchemicaldata(Temperature,Salinity,Turbidity,Transparency, TSS, DO, pH, Phosphate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia, Silicate,
Chlorophyll-a and plankton of the aquatic environment has been collected from16 stations at Gili Matra MTP in 2022 (Fig. 2). The data was obtained from fieldsurveys and analysis in the laboratory from 4 seasons i.e. wet season (southeastmonsoon) in December, Dry season (northwest monsoon) in

August, and 2transition seasons (Wet to Dry season in May and Dry to Wet season in October).
The physical data of Temperature, Salinity, Turbidity, DO pH was measured by
Horiba U-10 and Transparency by Seichi Disk and phytoplankton by extracting of50 liters of water sample using Plankton net with diameter 20 cm. TSS and
Chlorophyll-a was analyzed after filtering of water sample using Millipore GFF 47
mm Membrane Filter 0.45 micron pore size. TSS was obtained from weighing
results after the TSS filtrate was opened at a temperature of 100 oC and
Chlorophyll-a was obtained by extracting the Chlorophyll-a filtrate with 90%
acetone and analyzed using a Trilogy Laboratory Flurometer, Turner Designs
model 7200-046 (Cochlan and Hendorn, 2012). Meanwhile nutrients (Phosphate,Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia and Silicate) were analyzed in the laboratory using aShimadzu UV-1800 Spectrophotometer and Autoanalyzer.

These data wasthen processed and analyzed to determine the environmental health level of theseawater based on the level of environmental health indicators.

5 / 7

Fig 2. Sampling stations of biophysical and chemical of Gilli Matra Marine Tourism
Park of Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.

3. Result and Discussion
3.1. Biophysical and Chemical Condition
Seasonal variation of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and Salinity at Gilli Matra
MTP are shown on Figure 3. SST was within range of 28.46 to 29.93 ºC andSalinity was within range 32.00 to 33.88 PSU.

Temperature and Salinity
35.00
34.00
33.00
32.00
31.00
30.00
29.00
28.00
27.00
26.00
25.00

33.49

32.00
29.93

29.92

28.97

28.46

MayAugustTemperature (oC)Fig. 3.

33.88

33.69

October

December

Salinity (PSU)

Seasonal variation of SST and Salinity of Gilli Matra Marine Tourism Parkof Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.

Seasonal variation of Turbidity, TSS, Chlorophyll-a, DO, Transparency,Phosphate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia and Phytoplankton were seen on Tabel 1.
6 / 7

Tabel 1. Seasonal variation of Turbidity, TSS, Chlorophyll-a, DO, Transparency,Phosphate, Nitrite, Nitrate, Ammonia and Phytoplankton of Gilli Matra
MTP of Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia
Months-Seasons
May

AugustOctober

DecemberTrans Wet-Dry

Dry Season

Trans Dry-Wet

Wet Season

Turbidity (NTU)

0.08

0.00

0.00

0.00

TSS (mg/l)

2.80

2.53

3.07

15.73

Chlorophyll-a (µg/l)

0.30

0.36

0.36

0.74

DO (mg/l)

5.44

5.20

5.14

4.74

Transparency (%)

96.250100100100

Phosphate (mg/l)

0.047

0.079

0.078

0.052

Nitrite (mg/l)

0.008

0.007

0.008

0.004

Nitrate (mg/l)

1.450

1.556

3.650

3.600

Ammonia (mg/l)

0.023

0.041

0.055

0.010

Phytoplankton (ind/l)

190.938135.583

106.12572.938Parameters

Seasonal variation of DIP, DIN, DSi and DIN/DIP are shown in Fig 4.

Fig. 4. Seasonal variation of DIP, DIN, DSi and DIN/DIP of Gilli Matra Marine
Tourism Park of Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia.
4. Future Challenges▪ Publication of scientific papers based on research data conducted at the GiliMatra Marine Tourism Park, Lombok.
▪ Continuing research on marine environmental health and eutrophication

using oceanographic satellite data and field data from the Gili Matra Marine
Tourism Park, Lombok.
▪ Developing a disaster mitigation model for coastal and marine ecosystems

damage of the Gili Matra Marine Tourism Park, Lombok based on the healthof the marine environment and biophysical-chemical conditions.
7 / 7