Column C / Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships by Region in 2023

155

Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships
by Region in 2023

Column C

TAKABAYASHI, Kikuo; IRIE, Hiroaki; SHIMOYAMA, Akira;SHIMODA, Mitsuru; INADA, Yoshihisa; NOMURA, Ryosuke

Climax Series
Final Stage

Won the League inOﬃcial Games

・Consumption at
Stadiums
Hanshin and Orix
・Consumption outside
Stadiums
Hanshin and Orix・Victory-related Sales
2023/3/31

Figure 2-CC-1

Part Ⅱ【Postseason】

・Consumption at
Stadiums
Hanshin and Orix
・Consumption
outside Stadiums
Hanshin and Orix

10/4 10/18

Japan Series
・Consumption at
Stadiums
Hanshin and Orix
・Consumption
outside Stadiums
Hanshin and Orix
・Championship andGratitude Sales
10/21 10/28

Victory
Parades・Relatedexpenditures
Consumption andoperating fees

11/5 11/23

Procedure for estimating economic ripple effects

Source: Prepared by the author

1) For a detailed analysis, see APIR-Kansai Interregional Input-Output Tables Project
Team (2023).

Part Ⅳ【Oﬃcial Games】

Part ⅢIn 2023, the Central League championship was won by the Hanshin
Tigers (Hanshin) and that of the Pacific League by the Orix Buffaloes(Orix), with both of these professional baseball teams based in the
Kansai region. In the Climax Series, the league champions of both theCentral and Pacific League won the series, making it the first time in 59
years that two teams from the Kansai region faced off in the so-called“Kansai Derby.” Finally, Hanshin won the Japan Series for the second
time in 38 years.
In Column C, in addition to the analysis of the Hanshin and Orix
championships, the economic ripple effects of the Climax Series, Japan
Series, subsequent victory-related sales, and victory parades are measured using the APIR-Kansai interregional input-output tables.1) The
procedure for measuring economic ripple effects is shown in Figure2-CC-1.
First, we estimate the new demand generated by winning the championship. New demand is estimated by dividing it into three categories:

Part Ⅰ

Introduction

156

Chapter 2 / The Economies of Japan and Kansai: A Retrospective and Outlook

1) consumption by spectators at the stadium; 2) consumption outside
the stadium during official games and the postseason; and 3) the league
championship, the Japan championship, and the “Gratitude Sale” (hereinafter referred to as “victory-related sale”), and victory parades. New
demand is assumed by region and industry, and is refined to reflect
the actual situation as much as possible. The 2015 Interregional InputOutput Table for the Kansai Region were used to calculate the economic
ripple effects of the estimated new demand on the entire nation and theGreater Kansai region.

1. Consumption at stadiums
Consumption by stadium-visitors is calculated by multiplying the numberof stadium visitors by per capita consumption price. By assuming thecase where a team does not win the championship (hereafter referred toas “a normal situation”) and the case where a team did so this year, thedifference between the two is considered as the new demand generated
by the championship.
(1) Number of spectators at stadiums
Hanshin’s average number of spectators per game in normal conditions
is 2,901,110, calculated by multiplying the average attendance of 40,861
per game during the 15 years from 2006, the subsequent year of its lastchampionship to 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic, by 71, the numberof games hosted in 2023. The total attendance in 2023 was 2,915,528.
Orix’s average number of spectators per game in normal conditions
is calculated in the same way, using the average number of spectatorsfrom 2006 to 2019 before the COVID-19 pandemic as in the case of
Hanshin, i.e., 20,939. Multiplying this by 72, the number of games conducted in 2023, Orix’s average attendance is estimated to be 1,507,583.
The total number of spectators in 2023 was 1,947,453.
Therefore, the increased attendance due to the 2023 championshipwould be 14,418 for Hanshin and 439,870 for Orix.
Next, let’s look at postseason attendance. Since post-season games
are a net increase compared to normal conditions, the number of spectators thus motivated is directly attributable to the incremental increaseColumn C / Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships by Region in 2023

157

2. Consumption outside stadiums
Next, we consider consumption outside stadiums. The estimation here is
the multiplication of the number of fans and additional unit consumption
prices outside stadiums, which is the amount of additional consumptionthat occurs in the league championship and postseason.
(1) Assumption of fan population
Population estimates are made for the number of people who will additionally spend money outside stadiums as a result of the Hanshin-Orix
victories, i.e., the fan populations of the two teams. Using the resultsof the annual “Popular Sports Survey” conducted by Central ResearchPart Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ(3) Result: Consumption Expenditures by Spectators at stadiums
Multiplying the number of stadium spectators in 1.(1) by the assumed
unit consumption price in 1.(2), the respective amounts of consumption
expenditures by stadium spectators in normal conditions and during thisyear, can be calculated. The calculation results are summarized in Table
2-CC-1.

Part Ⅳ(2) Assumed unit consumption price at stadiums
We then identified the following four items of consumption for stadiums
games: tickets, transportation, food and beverages, and merchandisepurchases, and assumed unit consumption of these items in normal conditions and in 2023 for each team.

Part Ⅰ

due to the holding of post-season games. In the Climax Series, Hanshin
held three games and Orix four games at their home stadiums, withrespectively attendance totaling 127,913 and 141,311. In the Japan Series,
three games were held at Hanshin Koshien Stadium and four games at
Kyocera Dome Osaka. The attendance for the three games at Koshien
Stadium totaled 123,075, while that for the four games at Kyocera Dome
Osaka totaled 134,323. In addition, public viewing of the 6th and 7th gamesin the Japan Series was held at Hanshin Koshien Stadium, totaling 25,887
people over the two days.

158

Chapter 2 / The Economies of Japan and Kansai: A Retrospective and Outlook

Spectator Attendance, Consumption Prices, and Spendingby Spectators at Ballparks

Table 2-CC-1

Number of People

Average Number of Visitors
to a Official
Game
Total Number
of Visitors to
Official Games
Climax Series
Japan Series
Public Viewing

TicketTransportation
Food andbeverage
Goods
Total

TicketTransportation
Food andbeverage
Goods
Total

NormalYear
40,861

Hanshin
2023
41,064

2,901,110 2,915,528
000

127,913
123,075
25,887

Difference

NormalYear

203

20,939Orix
2023

Difference

27,0486,109

14,418 1,507,583 1,947,453

439,870

127,913
123,075
25,887

141,311
134,3230000141,311
134,323
0HanshinOrix
Average Unit
Average Unit
Annual Expenditure
Annual Expenditure
Price perPrice perin a Million Yen
in a Million Yen
Game in Yen
Game in Yen
NormalNormalDiffer- Normal
NormalDiffer2023
2023
2023
2023
Year
Year
ence
Year
Year
ence
3,653
3,653
10,597
10,650
53
3,441
3,441
5,188
6,701
1,514
2,825
2,927
8,196
8,533
337
2,825
2,927
4,259
5,700
1,441
2,064

2,171

5,988

6,331

343

2,064

2,171

3,112

4,229

1,117

1,429
9,971

2,245
10,996

4,147
28,927

6,545
32,058

2,398
3,131

1,918
10,2483,012
11,551

2,892
15,4505,866
22,496

2,975
7,046

HanshinOrix
Average
Average
Total ExTotal ExUnit Price penditure Unit Price penditure
per Game in a Million per Game in a Million
Yen
Yen
in Yenin Yen
4,373
559
3,666
518
2,927
810
2,927
807
2,171

601

2,171

598

748
10,220

207
2,178

753
9,517

208
2,131

Source: Prepared by the author

Services, Inc and the Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting (2022),
we estimated the Hanshin fan total to be 4.04 million and the Orix fan
total to be 673,333 in Japan.
(2) Assumed unit consumption price: Official games and postseason
Next, for consumption outside stadiums, we assumed the unit price forfood and beverages and other consumption such as team merchandise.
We assumed that an additional JPY 10,000 per person a year would bespent on food and beverages when a favorite team wins the league championship. In addition, we assume that each fan spends JPY 1,000 a year

Column C / Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships by Region in 2023

159

Part Ⅱ(3) Result: Consumption Expenditures outside stadiums
Multiplying fan population by region and the assumed unit consumption
price, we calculated the amount of consumption expenditures by fans ineach region outside stadiums associated with the league championshipand the Japan championship. The calculation results are summarized inTable 2-CC-2.

Part Ⅰfor the purchase of merchandise and other items. There is no difference
between teams in this assumption.
As for Hanshin, additional expenditures will be incurred due to theirachievement of the first Japanese championship in 38 years. The unit
price of the additional expenditures is assumed to be JPY 2,000 for foodand beverages and JPY 200 for the purchase of team merchandise. The
predicted expenditures for the purchase of merchandise, etc. is assumed
to be the same as for the league championship. For Orix, additional
expenditures are not calculated.

(1) Victory-related Sales
Regarding victory-related sales, we limited our estimates to the Hanshin
Department Store Umeda main store and the Kintetsu Department Store
Abeno Harukas Kintetsu main store, and compared sales from May toAugust 2023, as well as sales in September and November 2023 for bothstores.
Regarding the league championship sales, the figures for the
Hanshin Umeda main store and the Kintetsu Abeno Harukas store were
estimated at JPY 1.799 billion and JPY 506 million, respectively, for a totalof JPY 2.305 billion.
The combined sales figures in the Hanshin Umeda main store andthe Kintetsu Abeno Harukas store were estimated at JPY 1.496 billion,

Part Ⅳ

This subsection illustrates the new demand generated by victory-related sales at department stores to commemorate the Hanshin and Orix
championships and by the victory parades held in Kobe and Osaka on
November 23 to celebrate the two teams’ victories.

Part Ⅲ

3. Victory-related Sales and Victory Parades

160

Chapter 2 / The Economies of Japan and Kansai: A Retrospective and Outlook

comprising JPY 1.43 billion and JPY 66 million for the Kintetsu Abeno
Harukas store for the Japan Championship sale and the gratitude sales,
respectively.
Table 2-CC-2

Fan population and consumption expenditures outside
stadiums

Hanshin in League Chanmpionship

Hanshin in Postseason

Other
Food
Other
Food
Fan
ConandConandCloth
Indus- Books
Cloth
Indus- Books
PopulaBever- sumpBever- sumpFood
and
trial
trial
and
Food
and
and
tion
Prefecage
tion
age
tion
Texitile Goods DVDs
Texitile Goods DVDs
ture
In a
NumIn a
In a
In a
In a
In a
In a
In a
In a
In a
In a
In a
ber of Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million Million
People
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Fukui
8,843
88
9
1
4
4
1
18
2
0
1
1
0
Mie
14,243
142
14
1
6
6
1
28
3
0
1
1
0
Shiga
186,242
1,862
186
19
74
74
19
372
37
4
15
15
4
Kyoto
338,743
3,387
339
34
135
135
34
677
68
7
27
27
7
Osaka
1,189,686
11,897
1,190
119
476
476
119
2,379
238
24
95
95
24
Hyogo
734,280
7,343
734
73
294
294
73
1,469
147
15
59
59
15
Nara
179,500
1,795
180
18
72
72
18
359
36
4
14
14
4
Wakayama 126,140
1,261
126
13
50
50
13
252
25
3
10
10
3
Tottori
14,008
140
14
1
6
6
1
28
3
0
1
1
0
Tokushima
29,499
295
29
3
12
12
3
59
6
1
2
2
1
Other
1,218,815
12,188
1,219
122
488
488
122
2,438
244
24
98
98
24
Areas
Total
4,040,000
40,400
4,040
404
1,616
1,616
404
8,080
808
81
323
323
81

Orix in League Championship
Other
Food
Fan
ConandCloth
Indus- Books
PopulaBever- sumpFood
and
trial
and
tion
Prefecagetion
Texitile Goods DVDs
tures
In a
NumIn a
In a
In a
In a
In a
ber of Million Million Million Million Million Million
People
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Yen
Fukui
2,279
23
2
0
1
1
0
Mie
5,352
54
5
1
2
2
1
Shiga
24,031
240
24
2
10
10
2
Kyoto
43,709
437
44
4
17
17
4
Osaka
153,508
1,535
154
15
61
61
15
Hyogo
94,746
947
95
9
38
38
9
Nara
23,161
232
23
2
9
9
2
Wakayama
16,276
163
16
2
7
7
2
Tottori
1,641
16
2
0
1
1
0
Tokushima
2,199
22
2
0
1
1
0
Other
306,431
3,064
306
31
123
123
31
Areas
Total
673,333
6,733
673
67
269
269
67

Source: Prepared by the author(2) Victory Parade
On November 23, victory parades were held simultaneously in
Sannomiya, Kobe, and Midosuji, Osaka, to celebrate the league championships of Hanshin and Orix, with the teams switching places in theBased on the assumptions in subsections 1, 2 and 3, the economic ripple
effects of the Hanshin-Orix league championship, postseason, and victory parades were calculated using the 2015 Interregional Input-Output
Table for the Kansai Region.
(1) New demand
We estimated the new demand generated by the Hanshin and Orix championships by dividing it into consumption by spectators in and outside ofstadiums during the league championships and postseason, as well as by
victory-related sales and victory parades. New demand generated by theleague championships was JPY 62.02 billion, 13.20 billion for postseason,
JPY 3.80 billion for the victory-related sales, and JPY 1.56 billion for victory parades, for a total of JPY 80.58 billion. Table 2-CC-3 shows thesefigures broken down by expenditure item and region.
By item, the final demand of the league championship was JPY 47.57
billion for Hanshin and JPY 14.45 billion for Orix, for a total of JPY 62.02
billion. Final postseason demand was JPY 11.07 billion for Hanshin and
JPY 2.13 billion for Orix, for a total of JPY 13.20 billion. Final total demandPart Ⅱ

4. Economic Ripple Effects of Hanshin-Orix VictoryPart Ⅲ

morning and afternoon. Blessed with fine weather, the parades attracted
a total of 1 million spectators, comprising 300,000 in Kobe and 200,000 in
Osaka in the morning, and 150,000 in Kobe and 350,000 in Osaka in theafternoon, according to an organizer’s estimate. Consumption expenditures by parade spectators, such as food, drink, and transportation costs,
as well as operating expenses spent on the parades, also had economic
ripple effects.
Total consumption expenditures associated with the victory parade
are estimated at JPY 1.06 billion for Osaka and Hyogo prefectures, comprising JPY 150 million for transportation and JPY 410 million for foodand beverages in Osaka Prefecture, and JPY 150 million for transportation and JPY 340 million for food and beverages in Hyogo Prefecture.
In addition to the consumption expenditures, the parade also generated
new demand of JPY 500 million in operating expenses such as security at
associated parade sites and parade operation expenses.

Part Ⅰ

161

Part Ⅳ

Column C / Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships by Region in 2023

162

Chapter 2 / The Economies of Japan and Kansai: A Retrospective and Outlook

from victory-related sales was JPY 3.80 billion, comprising JPY 2.31 billion from the league championship and JPY 1.50 billion from the Japan
championships and gratitude sales. The final demand for the victory
parades totaled JPY 1.56 billion.
By region, both Hanshin and Orix were highest in Osaka Prefecture,with JPY 17.04 billion and JPY 8.29 billion, respectively. Although Hanshin
had the larger amount, the ratio of Osaka Prefecture in total final demand(excluding victory parades) was 29% for the Hanshin region and 51% for
the ORIX region. The rates for other regions were 28% for Hanshin and
26% for Orix, indicating that the final total demand generated by championships by Kansai teams is not limited to the Kansai region.
Table 2-CC-3

Assumed Final Demand

By ItemLeague Championship
In a Million Yen

Hanshin

Orix

Total

Postseason
HanshinConsumption at Stadiums
3,131 7,046 10,177 2,178
Tickets
53 1,514 1,566
559
Transportation
337 1,441 1,778
810
Food and Beverage343 1,117 1,460
601
Goods
2,398 2,975 5,373
207
Additional Consumption outside
44,440 7,407 51,847 8,888
Stadiums
Food and Beverage
40,400 6,733 47,133 8,080
Goods and Other Consumption 4,040
673 4,713
808
League Championship, Japan
Championship, and Victory Sales
Victory Parades
Total
47,571 14,452 62,023 11,066

Parades

Sales

Japan
VictoTotal
Championry-reship and Total
lated
Gratitde
Sales
Sales
14,486
2,644
3,395
2,659
5,788

Orix

Total

2,131
518
807
598
208

4,309
1,077
1,617
1,200
415

0

8,888

-

-

-

60,735

0
0

8,080
808

-

-

-

55,213
5,521

-

2,305

1,496

-

3,801

2,305

1,496

-

2,131 13,197

1,564 1,564
1,564 80,584

By Region

Fukui
Mie
Shiga
Kyoto
Osaka
Hyogo
Nara
Wakayama
Tottori
Tokushima
Other Areas
Total

Final Demand in a Million Yen
Hanshin
Orix
Sales
Parades
152
71
40
0
192
71
19
0
2,496
325
23
0
4,534
584
158
0
17,043
8,286
2,827
844
13,000
2,397
139
719
2,415
324
39
0
1,694
224
29
0
201
39
23
0
402
39
16
0
16,5064,223
487
058,637 16,583
3,801
1,564

Source: Prepared by the author

Total
Hanshin
264
0.3
283
0.3
2,844
4.3
5,277
7.7
29,00029.1
16,255
22.2
2,778
4.1
1,948
2.9
263
0.3
458
0.7
21,21528.1
80,584100.0

Share in Prefectures
Orix
Sales
Parades
0.4
1.1
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.0
2.0
0.6
0.0
3.5
4.2
0.0
50.0
74.4
54.0
14.5
3.7
46.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
1.4
0.8
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.0
25.5
12.8
0.0
100.0
100.0
100.0

Total
0.3
0.4
3.5
6.5
36.0
20.2
3.4
2.4
0.3
0.6
26.3
100.0

Hanshin in League
Championship55,803
43,790Orix in League
Championship

15,241
11,364

Postseason

16,65910,281

Victory-related sales

3,353
1,178

Victory Parades

2,501
564

Total
(JPY million) 0

Figure 2-CC-2

Kansai 10 Prefectures
Other Areas

67,176

93,557

10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Economic ripple effects by region: 10 prefectures inGreater Kansai and other regions

Source: Prepared by the author

Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅳ(2) Economic ripple effects of the Hanshin-Orix Japan Series:
Impact on the Kansai economy
The economic ripple effects were measured based on the new demand
shown in Table 2-CC-3. Here, we looked at the effect of the new demand
generated (direct effects) and the additional indirect effect generated tomeet this demand (indirect effects). Indirect effects include first-order
spillovers from induced production of intermediate goods as well as second-order spillovers from increased incomes. The sum of the direct andindirect effects is the total economic ripple effect.
The total economic impact of the league championship, postseason,
victory-related sales, and the victory parades is JPY 160,733 million, comprising JPY 71,999 million for direct impacts and JPY 88,733 million forindirect impacts.
While the aforementioned economic ripple effects are on a national
basis, they are important to the impacts on regional economies. Since
our analysis used the 2015 Interregional Input-Output Table for theKansai Region, it is possible to determine in which regions economic
ripple effects occur.
As Figure 2-CC-2 shows, by region, the economic ripple effect in
the Greater Kansai region was JPY 93,557 million (58.2%), and JPY 67,176
million (41.8%) in other regions excluding Greater Kansai. Looking at
the economic ripple effects for the Kansai prefectures (Figure 2-CC-3),

Part Ⅰ

163

Part Ⅲ

Column C / Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships by Region in 2023

164

Chapter 2 / The Economies of Japan and Kansai: A Retrospective and Outlook(JPY million)
80,00070,00060,00050,000Hanshin
Orix
Postseason
Victory-related sales
Parades
Total

67,17642,72240,00030,00025,08720,00010,0000709 1,844
Fukui

Figure 2-CC-3

Mie

4,579

9,552

4,136 3,247

562 1,118

Shiga Kyoto Osaka Hyogo Nara Wakayama Tottori Tokushima Other Areas

Economic ripple effects by region

Source: Prepared by the author

Osaka and Hyogo prefectures accounted for JPY 42.722 billion (26.6%)
and JPY 25.087 billion (15.6%), respectively.
Regarding the economic ripple effects of victory-related sales, Osaka
Prefecture accounted for the overwhelming majority with 62.8%, while
Osaka Prefecture (42.1%) and Hyogo Prefecture (35.4%) comprised 77.5%of the ripple effects of the victory parades.
Although we have examined economic ripple effects based on
induced production prices, the economic ripple effects of the league
championships, postseason, victory-related sales, and victory parades inthe six prefectures in terms of added value were estimated to be JPY
44.076 billion. According to APIR’s latest prediction, in 2023, the nominal
GRP of the six prefectures of the Kansai region was JPY 9,337,600 billion, with these effects expected to boost the nominal GRP of the Kansai
region by about 0.05%. On a national scale, the economic ripple effects on
a value-added inducement basis would be JPY 79.3 billion, which would
boost the national nominal GDP (JPY 588.5 trillion) by about 0.01%.
References
APIR Kansai Interregional Input-Output Tables Project Team (2023),“Final Report: Economic Effects of the 2023 Hanshin-Orix Championship by Region - Comprehensive Analysis of the League Cham-

Part Ⅱ
Part Ⅲ

pionship, Postseason, Victory-related Sales, and victory Parades,”APIR Trend Watch No. 91, (Japanese title: Ketteiban: 2023nen Hanshin Orix yusyo no chiikibetsu keizai kouka -ri-gu yusyo, posutoshizun,
yusyo kanrense-ru oyobi yusyopare-do no sougoubunseki-), (https://www. apir.or.jp/research/13218/; last viewed on December 4, 2023).
Central Research Services, Inc, “Popular Sports Survey,” (Japanese title:
Ninki supo-tsu chosa), (https://www.crs.or.jp/data/; last viewed on
September 14, 2023).
Mitsubishi UFJ Research and Consulting Co., Ltd. (2022), “[Preliminary Report] 2022 Basic Sports Marketing Survey,” (Japanese title:[Sokuhou] 2022nen Supo-tuma-kethingu kiso chosa), (https://www.
murc.jp/news/news_release/news_release_221027/; last viewed on
September 14, 2023).

Part Ⅰ165

Part Ⅳ

Column C / Economic Impact of Hanshin-Orix Championships by Region in 2023