2nd International Forum on the Decommissioning of theFukushima Daiichi NPS
2-3 July, 2017 - JapanWASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY“French Experience in Legacy WasteManagement”

Eric Kraus
CEA / Nuclear Energy Divisioneric.kraus@cea.fr| PAGE 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA

2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion| PAGE 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA

2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion| PAGE 3

NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT

Waste classification principle
5 waste categories
In France waste is classified according to two main criteria- Its radioactivity level- Its lifetime : “short-lived” waste (half-life  31 years) and “long-lived” waste (halflife > 31 years)

Bq/g
VLLW< à 100

LILW-SL

100 to 1 000 000

LLW-LL

10 to 100 000

ILW-LL

1 000 000

HLW

1 000 000 000| PAGE 4DISPOSAL FACILITIES OPERATED AND STUDIED BY ANDRA

VL-LWLLW« Cires »“Centre de l’Aube »Under study

Short and long-lived

Short-lived

Long-lived

LLW

ILW & HLW
Under study
CIGEO projectLong-lived•Graphite (UNGGReactors)•Bitumen drums,•Radium-bearing
waste

CEA : ~ 10 000m3/y

CEA : ~ 4 000m3/y| PAGE 5

NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT AT THE CEAGeneral principle for waste management at the CEACharacterization ofLegacy waste
D/D waste
R&D waste

Liquid and solid
waste treatment

Waste management

if storage site exists
National storage
Dedicated R&D program in support of wastemanagement
To develop efficient waste treatment
To define new matrices for specific waste
To optimize the categorization of the waste

If notintermediatestorage on CEA site
| PAGE 6

CEA DEN FACILITIES FOR LIQUID WASTE TREATMENT
Liquid waste treatment facility

SACLAY

Surface disposal

STELLAMARCOULECADARACHE

Surface disposal

STEL

Intermediatestorage

AGATE| PAGE 7

CEA DEN FACILITIES FOR SOLID WASTE TREATMENTSACLAY
Short-lived waste

Surface disposal
INB 72CADARACHEMARCOULE

Long-livedwaste

INB 37

Sludgecementation unit
CDSMg cementation unit

Short-lived waste

IntermediatestorageSpecific Conditioning Unit for dedicated waste

Surface disposal

Facility for various types of waste from R&D and D&D program| PAGE 8

CEA INTERMEDIATE STORAGE FACILITIESSpecific case of Long-Lived Waste (LL and IL)
Low-level, long-lived waste

defined matrix(cement matrix,bitumen matrix)

Intermediate-level, long-lived waste

CEDRA(Cemented waste packages)
Non definedmatrix

Deactivation

EIP(Bitumen drums)

DIADEM

DIADEMdefinedmatrix

Surface disposal
Short-lived waste

Intermediatestorage

Geological disposal| PAGE 9

CEA INTERMEDIATE STORAGE FACILITIESSACLAYFONTENAY

Short-lived andlong-lived waste

CADARACHEINB 72MARCOULE

EIP

EIP (Bituminized drums)
Long-livedwaste

Long-livedwaste
EIPHLW

AVM (Glass canisters)

CEDRA(Cemented waste packages)

DIADEM| PAGE 10

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA

2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion| PAGE 11

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL PERIMETER
INB 35

INB 72

INB 166
Fontenay-auxRoses

HA4- Organic liquid tank

CIRCE – Radioactive liquid tank

SaclayLegacy waste retrieval, characterization &repackagingGrenoble
UP1 : retrieval andSolid wasteconditioning of legacy waste

Cadarache

PHENIX

Mg waste - UP1

RCD 56

Marcoule
PEGASEPEGASE Pool
Bituminized waste drums

Liquid waste (including organics)
Legacy solid wastesludge
Vitrification facility
Legacy waste (glass containers)

Spent fuel| PAGE 12

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA

2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion| PAGE 13

WASTE MANAGEMENT : CEA R&D

R&D actions

Gel foams

Liquid and solid waste treatment and conditioning
R&D on specific waste and effluent issued from D&D and legacy waste fromlaboratory scale through to industrialization phases- To develop efficient waste treatment (plasma torch incineration for organic
halogenous liquids, decontamination foams,…)- To define new matrices for specific waste (geopolymer for Mg)
Geopolymer matrix
Vast range of waste- Mercurials, sodics, Mg from decladding, powders, sludge, ash, filters, resins

Mg

Waste characterization
R&D to optimize quantities and waste categorization- Passive and active neutronic- g and  imaging, g spectrometry
Passive neutronic measurement

sludge| PAGE 14

LEGACY WASTE : TECHNLOGIES AND PROCESSES
Example : Cement matrix
At stake
To define new matrices suitable for a large variety of waste(Legacy waste, current and future waste of exploitation)
To improve the performance of the matrix (Rate of incorporation,…)Development
Packaging of reactive metals : Magnesium, aluminium,…
 Embedding with geopolymer
 Process tested and approved in inactive at scale one for Mg

Other types of waste : Sludge, resins, powder Development of cementing formulations underway

Mg wasteCompaction

Cementation

Embedded| PAGE 15

LEGACY WASTE : TECHNLOGIES AND PROCESSES
Example : solid waste treatment
At stake
To reduce uptake doses
To optimize waste categorization by increasing decontamination efficiency
To reduce the amount of secondary waste produced• FOAMS

Foam with137Cs• GELS

Active agent
adsorbed on
surface bybubbles

Decontamination foams

Decontaminatedsoil
Floating foams| PAGE 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at the CEA

2. Legacy waste : The CEA D&D Perimeter3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. Conclusion| PAGE 17

CONCLUSION

Specificity of the CEA in waste management due to a vast range of waste

Special R&D role
To develop efficient treatments for complex radioactive waste
To develop new matrices in particular for long-lived waste
To develop treatment and matrices for a vast range of waste
To characterize waste| PAGE 18

Thank you for your attention

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