＜研究ノート＞

グローバル時代における日本人の海外留学動向とカナダ高等教育の受け入れ策李炯

直１．はじめにⱝ⪅ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫ⤒㦂ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡀᛴ㏿࡟㐍ࡴ⌧ᅾࡢࣅࢪࢿࢫ⎔ቃ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㈗㔜
࡞♫఍ⓗ㈨⏘࡛࠶ࡿࠋᾏእ␃Ꮫࡣࠊ༢࡟௚ᅜ࡛ㄒᏛࡸᏛၥⓗ▱㆑ࢆᚓࡿࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⌧ᆅ⏕άࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚␗ᩥ໬࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⌮ゎࢆ῝ࡵࠊࢥ࣑ࣗࢽࢣ࣮ࢩࣙࣥ⬟ຊࢆྥୖࡉࡏࡿࡇ࡜ࡶྍ⬟࡟ࡍࡿࠋ␃Ꮫ୰࡟ࡇࢀࡽࡢ⬟ຊࢆ⩦ᚓࡋࡓ⪅ࡣࠊຮᏛ࠿ࡽᚓࡽࢀࡓ▱㆑࡜ඹ࡟ࠊ௚ᅜ࡜ࡢ␗ᩥ໬஺ὶࡸࣅࢪࢿࢫᒎ㛤࡞࡝࡟኱࠸࡟ά⏝࡛ࡁࡿᐇ㊶ⓗ࠿ࡘ᭷ຠ࡞ேⓗ㈨ᮏ
࡟࡞ࡾᚓࡿࠋᅜቃ࡞ࡁࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ♫఍ࡀồࡵࡿ୍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚ά㌍ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆክぢࡿⱝ⪅࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣࠊᾏእ␃Ꮫࡢࡓࡵ࡟㈝ࡸࡍ㔠㖹࡜᫬㛫࡜ປຊࡣࠊ⮬ࡽࡢ౯್ࢆ㧗ࡵࡿࡓࡵࡢ㨩ຊⓗ࡞ᢞ㈨࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋ
௨ୖࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚ᮏ✏࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ேẼࡢ㧗࠸࢝ࢼࢲࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟╔┠ࡋࠊࡲࡎ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱⌧ሙཬࡧ♫఍඲య࡟࠾ࡅࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚㆟ㄽࡍࡿࠋḟ࡟ࠊࡑࡢ㔜せᛶ࡟ࡶ㛵ࢃࡽࡎࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏑᅾឤࡣࡑࢀ࡯࡝㧗ࡃ࡞࠸Ⅼࢆᣦ᦬ࡍࡿࠋࡑࡢ୺࡞ཎᅉࡢ୍ࡘࡀ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿࠕෆྥࡁᚿྥ࡛ࠖ࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡢᨻ⟇ຠᯝ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊୡ⏺
ཬࡧ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡟࠾ࡅࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡢືྥ࠿ࡽ᳨ドࡍࡿࠋ⥆࠸࡚࢝ࢼࢲ
ࡢᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ᪋ෆᐜ࡜ࠊྠᨻ⟇࡟࠾ࡅࡿ᪥ᮏࡢ఩⨨௜ࡅ࡟ࡘ࠸᳨࡚ウࡍࡿࠋ᭱ᚋ࡟ࠊ
᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢ࢝ࢼࢲࢆྵࡴᾏእ࡬ࡢᣢ⥆ⓗ࡞␃Ꮫಁ㐍࡟㛵ࡍࡿ௒ᚋࡢㄢ㢟ࢆᥦ♧ࡍࡿࠋ

２．カナダの高等教育における外国人留学生の重要性኱Ꮫࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡍࡿ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢㄏ⮴ࢆ✚ᴟⓗ࡟⾜࠸ࠊᅜ㝿໬ࢆᅗࡿືࡁࡣࠊ㏆ᖺୡ⏺୰ࡢከࡃࡢᅜࠎ࡛ຍ㏿ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡲࡓⱥㄒᅪࡢᅜࡸᆅᇦ࡬ࡢ␃Ꮫ㟂せࡣࠊୡ⏺ྛᆅ࡛㠀ᖖ࡟㧗࠸๭ྜࢆሀᣢࡋ⥆ࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞␃Ꮫ⏕ᕷሙࢆྲྀࡾᕳࡃ⎔ቃࡢ୰࡛ࠊⱥㄒ࡜௖ㄒࡢ஧ゝㄒࢆබ⏝ㄒ࡜ࡍࡿ࢝ࢼࢲࡣࠊ௚ࡢඛ㐍ᅜࡸ᪂⯆ᅜ࡜ẚ㍑ࡋ࡚ࠊ

– 53 –㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿໬࡟ྥࡅࡓࡼࡾ㧗࠸࣏ࢸࣥࢩࣕࣝࢆᣢࡘ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿ (1)ࠋࡇࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿໬ᡓ␎ࡣ࢝ࢼࢲᅜෆࡢ኱Ꮫࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊᨻᗓࡸ♫఍඲⯡࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶ㧗࠸㛵ᚰࡀᣢࡓࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ୺࡟ࠕ⤒῭ⓗഃ㠃ࠖ࡜ࠕ♫఍ⓗഃ㠃ࠖࡢ୧᪉࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡑࡢ㔜せᛶࡀㄆ㆑ࡉࢀ
࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(1) 経済的重要性ᕧ኱ேཱྀࢆᢪ࠼ࡿ୰ᅜࡸ࢖ࣥࢻ࡞࡝ࡢ⤒῭Ⓨᒎ࡜ඹ࡟ࠊᙜヱㅖᅜࡢᾏእ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡸ㟂せࡶᣑ኱ࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓㅖእᅜࡢືྥࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ὶධ࡟ࡼࡿ⤒῭ⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࡲࡎᅜᐙ㈈ᨻࡢ⤒ᖖ཰ᨭ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᩍ⫱㒊㛛࡛ࡢࣉࣛࢫຠᯝࡸࠊእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᒃఫ࣭⁫ᅾ࡟ࡼࡿᅜෆᾘ㈝ቑຍ࡞࡝ࡢ⤒῭ຠᯝࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ
౛࠼ࡤ 2012 ᖺࡢ୺せ␃Ꮫ⏕ཷධᅜ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⤒῭ຠᯝࡣࠊ᪥ᮏ෇࡟ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ➨ 1 ఩ࡢ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྜ⾗ᅜ࡛ᖺ㛫 2.5 ඙෇ࠊ2 ఩࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࡀ 1.8 ඙෇ࠊ3 ఩࢖ࢠࣜࢫࡀ 1.6 ඙෇ࠊࡑࡋ࡚ 4 ఩࡟࢝ࢼࢲ࡛ 8,960 ൨෇࡟ୖࡿࠋ࢝ࢼࢲ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ2008 ᖺ᫬Ⅼ࡜ẚ࡭࡚ 4 ᖺ
㛫࡛ 2,200 ൨෇ࡶቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (2)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ኱つᶍ࡞⤒῭ຠᯝ࡟ὀ┠ࡋࡓୡ⏺ྛᅜ࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ᕷሙࢆࡵࡄࡿᅜ㝿➇தࡣ୍ᒙάⓎ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀண᝿ࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࡑࡢ௚ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ࣓ࣜࢵࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ኱Ꮫ࡞࡝ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࢆᨭ࠼ࡿ㐠Ⴀ㈨㔠ㄪ㐩ࡢ⿵ሸຠᯝࡀᣲࡆࡽࢀࡿࠋ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᕞᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ⟶⌮ࡀ᠇ἲ࡛ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢝ࢼࢲ࡛ࡣࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡣ⿵ຓ㔠ࢆฟࡍ⛬ᗘࡢ㛫᥋ⓗᨭ᥼࡟␃ࡲࡿ (3)ࠋࡇࡢᑐ㧗➼ᩍ⫱⿵ຓ㔠ண⟬ࡶࠊ㈈ᨻ㉥Ꮠࡸ⤒῭≧ἣࡢᝏ໬࡞࡝ࢆ⌮⏤࡟ᖺࠎ๐ῶࡉࢀࠊ1983 ᖺࡢᑐᅜෆ⥲⏕⏘㸦GDP㸧ẚࡀ0.5㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓࡢࡀ 2011 ᖺ࡟ࡣ 0.2㸣ࡲ࡛⦰ᑠࡋࡓࠋ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢ⿵ຓ㔠࢝ࢵࢺࡣ⤖ᒁࠊᏛ㈝ࢆ⣡ࡵࡿᏛ⏕࡟㌿᎑ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡾࠊྠᖺ㛫ࡢ኱Ꮫ㐠Ⴀ㈝࡟ᑐࡍࡿᏛ⏕㈇ᢸ⋡ࡣᖹᆒ

16㸣࠿ࡽ 43㸣࡟ࡲ࡛⭾ࡽࢇࡔ (4)ࠋ࢝ࢼࢲࡢࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ኱Ꮫ㈈ᨻࡢ≧ἣୗ࡛ࠊ12.4 ୓ே࡜࠸࠺ᅜෆ኱Ꮫ⏕⥲ᩘࡢ 11㸣㸦2013/14 ᖺᗘ᫬Ⅼ㸧ࢆ༨ࡵࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᏑᅾࡣࠊ኱Ꮫࡢ⤒Ⴀ㠃࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟኱ࡁ࠸ (5)ࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊ2010 ᖺ࡟እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀᨭᡶࡗࡓ࡜ࡉࢀࡿᩍ⫱㈝ࡢ⥲㢠ࡣ 3,696 ൨෇࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡣྠᖺࡢ࢝ࢼࢲ GDP ᩍ⫱㒊㛛ࡢ 7㸣ࢆ༨ࡵࡿ (6)ࠋ2009/10 ᖺᗘࡢᅜෆྛᕞ࡟࠾ࡅࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᖹᆒ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᖺ㛫ᤵᴗᩱࡣࠊ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ
⡠Ꮫ⏕ࡢࡑࢀ࡜ẚ㍑ࡍࡿ࡜⣙ 2 ಸ㹼 6 ಸ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (7)ࠋ2012/13 ᖺᗘࡢ඲ᅜ኱Ꮫ࡟࠾ࡅ
ࡿᏛ㒊⏕ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᖹᆒ୍ேᙜࡓࡾᖺ㛫ᤵᴗᩱࡣࠊ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ⡠Ꮫ⏕ࡀ 50 ୓෇࡟ᑐࡋ࡚እᅜ
ே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡣࡑࡢ 3.3 ಸࡢ 163 ୓෇࡛࠶ࡿࠋ኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢሙྜ࡛ࡶࠊ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ⡠Ꮫ⏕53 ୓෇࡟ᑐࡋ࡚እᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ 117 ୓෇࡜ࠊࡑࢀࡣ 2.2 ಸࡶ㧗ࡃ࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (8)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ
ᅜෆᾘ㈝ࡢᣑ኱ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟㛵ࢃࡿ㐠Ⴀ㈨㔠ࡢ⿵ሸࡸᙉ໬࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡛ࡶࠊ࢝ࢼ
ࢲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ⤒῭ⓗ㈉⊩ࡣ㠀ᖖ࡟㔜せ࡞ᙺ๭ࢆᯝࡓࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ(2) 社会的重要性ከᵝ࡞ே✀࡜Ẹ᪘࠿ࡽ࡞ࡿ࢝ࢼࢲ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡣࠊ♫఍ࠊ⤒῭ࠊᩥ໬ࠊᩍ⫱࡞࡝– 54 –඲࡚ࡢศ㔝࡛ᅜᐙ඲య࡟ᙳ㡪ࢆཬࡰࡍ㔜せᨻ⟇ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ࢝ࢼࢲࡣࡲࡓࠊከẸ᪘ᅜᐙ࡜ࡋ࡚ኻࡗ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡅ࡞࠸ࠕከᵝᛶࠖࡢᑛ㔜࡜࠸࠺࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡶ☜❧ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑ
ࢀࡣᅜࡢ᰿ᖿ࡛࠶ࡿ᠇ἲ࡛ࡶ᫂グࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ1982 ᖺ᠇ἲࡢ➨ 1 ❶ࠕᶒ฼ཬࡧ⮬⏤࡟㛵ࡍࡿ࢝ࢼࢲ᠇❶࡛ࠖࡣࠊከᵝᛶࡸከᩥ໬ࠊከẸ᪘ࡀᑐ➼࡟ᑛ㔜ࡋྜࡗ࡚ඹ⏕ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀࠊ࢝ࢼࢲே࡜ࡋ࡚ඹ᭷ࡍ࡭ࡁ౯್࡛࠶ࡾࠊࢼࢩࣙࢼ࣭ࣝ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ᐃࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (9)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ♫఍ⓗከᵝᛶࢆ㔜どࡍࡿ࢝ࢼࢲࡣࠊ㏆ᖺ᪥ᮏ࡜ྠᵝ࡟ᑡᏊ㧗㱋໬࡜࠸࠺᪂ࡓ࡞ၥ㢟࡟┤㠃ࡍࡿࡇ࡜࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋࡑࡢᑐ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ᨻᗓࡀᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࡢࡀࠊእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕࡟ྥࡅࡓ᪂ࡓ࡞⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᵓ⠏࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋປാຊࡢᡂ㛗⋡ࡀῶᑡࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ୰ࠊᣢ⥆ྍ⬟࡞⤒῭ᡂ㛗࡜♫఍⚟♴ไᗘࡢ඘ᐇࢆ┠ᣦࡍࡓࡵ࡟ࡣࠊᑓ㛛ᛶࢆᣢࡗࡓ⇍⦎ປാ⪅ࡢ☜ಖࡀᛴົ࡜ࡉࢀࡿࠋ࢝ࢼࢲ㞠⏝♫఍㛤Ⓨ┬㸦Employment and Social

Development Canada㸧ࡢሗ࿌࡛ࡣࠊ2024 ᖺࡲ࡛࡟඲ᅜồேᩘࡢ 66㸣㸦⣙ 390 ୓ே㸧ࡀ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢᏛṔ࣭ᢏ⬟ࢆᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ࡜ண

ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ (10)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢᏛ

Ṕ♫఍໬ࡣ┈ࠎ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡃぢ㏻ࡋ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊ⌧ᅾࡢ࢝ࢼࢲᅜẸࡢᖺ㱋ู࣭ᏛṔูேཱྀᵓᡂ࡛ࡣࠊ௒ᚋࡶ㧗ᗘ໬࣭⢭ᐦ໬ࡋ࡚࠸ࡃ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ᅜ඲యࡢ♫఍ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢆࡇࡢࡲࡲ⥔ᣢ࣭Ⓨᒎࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡅࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸ษࢀ࡞࠸ࠋࡑࡇ࡛࢝ࢼࢲᨻᗓࡣࠊᅜෆ࡛㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆࠊ௒ᚋࡢ࢝ࢼࢲ♫఍ࡀᚲせ࡜ࡍࡿ₯ᅾⓗ࡞ேⓗ㈨ᮏ࡜ࡳ࡞ࡋ࡚ᑐ⟇࡟஌ࡾฟࡋࡓࠋ㧗ᗘ࡞ᑓ㛛▱㆑ࡸᢏ⾡ࢆ㌟࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿእᅜேࠊ≉࡟ᅜෆࡢᑓ㛛Ꮫᰯࡸ኱Ꮫࠊ኱Ꮫ㝔ࢆ༞ᴗ࣭ಟ஢ࡋࡓ⪅࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢỌఫᶒࡸᕷẸᶒࡢྲྀᚓࡀࡼࡾࡋ᫆ࡃ࡞ࡿࡼ࠺⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢᨵṇࡀ⾜ࢃࢀ࡚ࡁࡓ (11)ࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ⌧ᅾࡢእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡣࠊ౛࠼ࡤ㐌 20 ᫬㛫௨ෆ࡛࠶ࢀࡤᑵປチྍ࡞ࡋ࡛ࡶാࡃࡇ࡜ࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾࠊ༞ᴗᚋࡢ 3 ᖺ㛫ࡣ࢝ࢼࢲᅜෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚≉ᐃࡢ⏘ᴗ࣭௻ᴗ࡟㝈ࡽࡎ඲࡚ࡢ⏘ᴗ࣭௻ᴗ࡛ᑵປάືࡀチྍࡉࢀࡿ Post-Graduation

Work Permit ⏦ㄳࡀ࡛ࡁࡿࡼ࠺࡟࡞ࡗࡓࡾࡋࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟኱Ꮫ㝔⏕ࡢሙྜ࡟ࡣࠊಟኈㄢ⛬ࡸ༤ኈㄢ⛬ࡢᅾ⡠୰ࡲࡓࡣಟ஢ᚋࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ⁫ᅾ⤒㦂ࢆᣢࡘ␃Ꮫ⏕࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ඃඛⓗ࡟Ọ ఫ チ ྍ ⏦ ㄳ ࢆ ㄆ ࡵ ࡿ Canadian Experience Class㸦 ␎ ⛠ CEC㸧ࠊ ࡲ ࡓ ࡣ Provincial

Nominee Program㸦␎⛠ PNP㸧ࢆ㏻ࡋ࡚Ọఫᶒࡢ⏦ㄳࡀྍ⬟࡟࡞ࡗࡓ (12)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࡋ
࡚࢝ࢼࢲࡣࠊ⛣Ẹ♫఍ࡀ⠏࠸࡚ࡁࡓከᵝᛶࡢᑛ㔜࡜࠸࠺ᅜࡢ࢔࢖ࢹࣥࢸ࢕ࢸ࢕ࡶᨭ࠼࡜࡞ࡗ࡚ࠊእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ཷࡅධࢀࢆ㏻ࡌࡓ㈗㔜࡞ேⓗ㈨ᮏࡢ⋓ᚓࢆ㐍ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡇ࡜ࡣࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿໬ᡓ␎࡟࠾ࡅࡿ♫఍ⓗ㔜せᛶࢆ♧ࡍࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ

３．日本人学生の留学動向とカナダの教育政策㏆ᖺ࢝ࢼࢲࡢࡳ࡞ࡽࡎ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡸ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࡑࡋ࡚࢔ࢪ࢔ㅖᅜ࡞࡝࡛ࡶࠊ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡢእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ㄏ⮴࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡣᖺࠎ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡛␃Ꮫ⏕ㄏ⮴➇தࢆ⧞ࡾᗈࡆ࡚࠸ࡿୡ⏺ྛᅜ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ GDP ୡ⏺➨ 3 ఩ࡢ⤒῭つᶍ

– 55 –ࢆ㄂ࡿ㔜せ࡞ࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮ᑐ㇟ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚㨩ຊⓗ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㧗࠸⏕άỈ‽࡜ᩍ⫱Ỉ‽ࠊ᭱ඛ➃ࡢ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡ࢆ᭷ࡋࠊ≉࡟⛉Ꮫศ㔝࡛ࡣᩘከࡃࡢࣀ࣮࣋ࣝ㈹ཷ㈹⪅ࢆ㍮ฟࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ୍᪉࡛ࠊࡇࡢᅜࡣᾏእࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡬␃Ꮫࡍࡿⱝ⪅ࡀࡑࢀ࡯࡝ከࡃ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺≉ᚩࡶ᭷ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋᾏእ࡛ᣮᡓࡍࡿࡼࡾࡶࠊᅜෆ࡛Ᏻఫࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࢆᮃࡴ᪥ᮏࡢⱝ⪅ࡢ᰿ᙉ࠸ࠕෆྥࡁᚿྥࠖ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ㏆ᖺ᪥ᮏ࡟㝈ࡽࡎᅜ㝿ⓗ࡟ࡶᵝࠎ࡞◊✲ሗ࿌ࡀ࡞ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (13)ࠋࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ⌧≧ࢆ㋃ࡲ࠼࡚᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱝ⪅ࡢࠕෆྥࡁࠖࢆࠕእྥࡁࠖ࡟ኚ࠼ࡿࡇ࡜ࢆ┠ᣦࡋࠊ2013 ᖺ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ᡂ㛗ᡓ␎ࡢ୍ࡘ࡜ࡋ࡚ᾏእ␃Ꮫಁ㐍ᨻ⟇ࢆᡴࡕฟࡋࡓࠋ

(1) 海外留学に対する日本の政策と若者の「内向き志向」
ᾏእ␃Ꮫ඲⯡࡟ࢃࡓࡿ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᾘᴟⓗ࡞ጼໃࡣࠊ⮬ᅜࡢⱝ⪅ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝேᮦ⫱ᡂࢆᥖࡆ࡚✚ᴟⓗ࡞ᩍ⫱ᢞ㈨ࢆ⾜࠸ࡓ࠸᪥ᮏᨻᗓ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡶࠊ῝้࡞ᅜᐙㄢ㢟ࡢ୍ࡘ࡛࠶
ࡿࠋࡑࡇ࡛ᨻᗓࡣࠊ2013 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟ᡂ㛗ᡓ␎ࠕ᪥ᮏ෌⯆ᡓ␎̾JAPAN is BACK̾ࠖࢆ㛶㆟Ỵᐃࡋࠊᩥ㒊⛉Ꮫ┬ࡀ୺ᑟࡍࡿࠕࢺࣅࢱࢸ㸟␃Ꮫ JAPANࠖ࡞࡝ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫಁ㐍ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ
ࢆᒎ㛤ࡋࡓࠋࡑࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ2013 ᖺᗘࡣ 69,869 ே࡛࠶ࡗࡓᾏእ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢᩘࡣ 2015 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ 84,456 ே࡜ࠊ2 ᖺ㛫࡛ 21㸣ࡶቑຍࡋࡓ (14)ࠋ୺࡞␃Ꮫඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ2015 ᖺᗘ᫬Ⅼ࡛➨

1 ఩ࡀ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㸦18,676 ே㸧ࠊ2 ఩࢝ࢼࢲ㸦8,189 ே㸧ࠊ3 ఩࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔㸦8,080 ே㸧ࠊ4఩࢖ࢠࣜࢫ㸦6,281 ே㸧ࠊ5 ఩୰ᅜ㸦5,072 ே㸧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (15)ࠋ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝࡟ḟࡄ 2 ఩࡟ࡘࡅࡓ࢝ࢼࢲ࡟╔┠ࡍࡿ࡜ࠊ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡣ 2013 ᖺᗘ 6,614 ே࠿ࡽ 24㸣ࡶቑ࠼࡚࠾ࡾࠊᾏእ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘ඲యࡢቑຍ⋡ࡼࡾࡶ 3㸣ୖᅇࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (16)ࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟ࠊᨻᗓ࡟ࡼࡿ᪥ᮏࡢⱝ⪅ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫಁ㐍࡟ᑐࡍࡿᮏ᱁ⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࡣᚎࠎ࡟ຠᯝࡀ⌧ࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢᅜ㝿໬࡟ຊࢆධࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ࢝ࢼࢲ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟Ḽ㏄ࡍ࡭ࡁࡇ࡜࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ 2016 ᖺ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ (17)ࠊྠᖺᾏእ࡛㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡢᅜ㝿ẚ㍑࡛ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ 30,179 ே࡜ୡ⏺➨ 33 ఩࡟␃ࡲࡿࠋ➨ 1 ఩ࡣ୰ᅜ࡛

801,187 ே࡛࠶ࡾࠊᾏእ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡣ᪥ᮏࡢ 26 ಸ࡟ࡶୖࡿࠋ⥆ࡃ 2 ఩ࡣ࢖ࣥࢻ࡛ 255,030
ேࠊ3 ఩ࢻ࢖ࢶ 116,342 ேࠊ4 ఩㡑ᅜ 108,047 ேࠊ5 ఩ࡀࢧ࢘ࢪ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ 86,486 ே࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ (18)ࠋ᪥ᮏࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡣ୰ᅜࠊ㡑ᅜࢆྵࡴୖ఩ 5 ࣨᅜ࡟኱ᕪࢆࡘࡅࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡔࡅ࡛࡞ࡃࠊ⥲ேཱྀࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ 6㸣࡯࡝ࡋ࠿࡞࠸㤶(19)

㸦27 ఩ࠊ34,542 ே㸧ࡼࡾࡶᑡ࡞࠸

≧ἣ࡛࠶ࡿࠋᅜ㝿♫఍ࡢ୺せ࡞୍ဨ࡜ࡋ࡚᪥ᮏࡀ㄂ࡿ⤒῭ຊࡸᙳ㡪ຊ࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊᑗ᮶ࢆᢸ࠺ⱝ⪅ࡢᾏእ࡛ࡢᣮᡓពḧࠊ࠸ࢃࡺࡿࠕእྥࡁᚿྥࠖຊࡣᅜ㝿ẚ㍑࡛ぢ࡚ࡶࡑࢀ࡯
࡝㧗࠸࡜ࡣゝ࠼࡞࠸ࡢࡀᐇែ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
᪥ᮏࡢⱝ⪅ࡢࠕෆྥࡁᚿྥࠖࡣࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱࡟࠾ࡅࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢືྥ࠿ࡽࡶ
☜ㄆ࡛ࡁࡿࠋ࢝ࢼࢲ⤫ィᒁ㸦Statistics Canada㸧ࡢሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ (20)ࠊ2004/05 ᖺᗘࡢᅜෆ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡟ᅾ⡠ࡍࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕⥲ᩘࡣ 65,934 ே࡛ࠊ඲Ꮫ⏕ࡢ 7.4㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸
ࡓࡀࠊ10 ᖺᚋࡢ 2013/14 ᖺᗘ࡟ࡣ 123,840 ே࡟ቑຍࡋࠊ඲Ꮫ⏕ࡢ 11.0㸣࡟ࡲ࡛ᣑ኱ࡋࡓࠋ

– 56 –

ࡑࡢෆࠊ୰ᅜ࠿ࡽࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡀ 34.1㸣ࠊ⥆࠸࡚ࣇࣛࣥࢫ 7.6㸣ࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ 6.2㸣ࠊ࢖ࣥࢻ 5.7㸣ࠊࢧ࢘ࢪ࢔ࣛࣅ࢔ 4.5㸣ࡢ㡰࡛ୖ఩ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࠋྠࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᏛ఩ู㸦Ꮫኈࠊಟኈࠊ
༤ኈ㸧ࡢୖ఩ 10 ࣨᅜ࣭ᆅᇦ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶሗ࿌ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ࡝ࡢᏛ఩ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟࠾࠸
࡚ࡶ 10 ఩௨ෆ࡟ࣛࣥࢡ࢖ࣥࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠸ࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࣘࢿࢫࢥࡢ⤫ィࢹ࣮ࢱ࡟ࡼࢀࡤࠊ2013 ᖺ࡟࢝ࢼࢲ࡛㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢෆࠊ᪥ᮏேࡢ๭ྜࡣࢃࡎ࠿ 0.9㸣࡛࠶ࡗࡓ (21)ࠋ
ࡇࢀ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚㡑ᅜேࡣ 3.1% ࡜ 3 ಸ௨ୖ࡟ཬࢇ࡛࠸ࡿࠋ㡑ᅜࡣࠊ⥲ேཱྀࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ༙ศ௨ୗࠊ࠿ࡘ⤒῭つᶍࡀ᪥ᮏࡢ 3 ศࡢ 1 ௨ୗࡢᅜ࡛࠶ࡿⅬࡶ⪃៖ࡍ࡭ࡁ࡛࠶ࡿ (22)ࠋ᪥ᮏே኱Ꮫ⏕ࡢ㛫࡛ࡣࠊᾏእ␃Ꮫඛ࡜ࡋ࡚࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࡢḟ࡟㧗࠸ேẼࢆ㄂ࡿ࢝ࢼࢲ࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀࠊࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡢつᶍࡣྠࡌᮾ࢔ࢪ࢔ࡢ୰ᅜࡸ㡑ᅜ࡜ẚ࡭ࡿ࡜㠀ᖖ࡟ᑠࡉ࠸ࠋ

(2) 国際教育に対するカナダの政策

2011 ᖺ 6 ᭶࡟࢝ࢼࢲᩍ⫱㛶൉༠㆟఍㸦Council of Ministers of Education, Canada㸧ࡣࠊ㐃㑥ᨻᗓࡢᩍ⫱ᨻ⟇࡜ࡋ࡚ࠕᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱࣐࣮ࢣࢸ࢕ࣥࢢ⾜ືィ⏬㸦International Education

Marketing Action Plan, ␎⛠ IEMAP㸧ࠖࢆⓎ⾲ࡋࡓ (23)ࠋᨻ⟇ෆᐜ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊձࡼࡾከࡃࡢእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕࡬ࡢㄏ⮴ᙉ໬ࠊղ␃Ꮫᕷሙ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ࢝ࢼࢲࡢࢩ࢙࢔ᣑ኱ࠊճ࢝ࢼࢲேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫᶵ఍ࡢቑ኱ࠊմỌఫ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚༞ᴗᚋࡶ࢝ࢼࢲ࡬ࡢᐃఫࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡢቑຍࠊ࡜࠸࠺ᅄࡘࡢ⾜ືィ⏬┠ᶆࡀᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ࠿ࡽࡢᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱㔜どᨻ⟇ࡢᐇ᪋せㄳ࡟ᛂࡌ࡚ࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࡢྛᕞ࣭ᆅᇦࡣࡇࡢ IEMAP ࡟ᇶ࡙࠸ࡓ✚ᴟⓗ࡞ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡳࢆᐇ᪋ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡑࢀࡣࣈࣜࢸ࢕ࢵࢩ࣭ࣗࢥࣟࣥࣅ࢔ᕞ㸦BC㸧ࡸ࢔ࣝࣂ࣮ࢱᕞࠊ࣐ࢽࢺࣂᕞ
࡞࡝࡛ලయ໬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ (24)ࠋ୍౛࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
BC ࡣ 2011 ᖺ 9 ᭶࡟Ⓨ⾲ࡋࡓྠᕞ㛤Ⓨィ⏬ࠕ࢝ࢼࢲࡣࡇࡇ࠿ࡽጞࡲࡿ̿BC ᕞ⫋ᴗࣉࣛࣥ㸦Canada Starts Here: The BC Jobs Plan㸧ࠖࡢ୰࡛ࠊIEMAP ࡟ᑐࡍࡿලయⓗ࡞⾜ື᪉㔪ࢆᐃࡵࡓࠋ౛࠼ࡤࠊᕞࡢ㑅ฟࡋࡓ㔜せ┦ᡭᅜ㸦᪥ᮏࠊ࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ࠊ୰ᅜࢆྵࡴ 11 ࣨᅜ㸧ࢆ୰ᚰ࡟ࠊୡ⏺ྛᅜ࠿ࡽ 4 ᖺ㛫࡛ 47,000 ேࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕㏣ຍㄏ⮴ࡀ┠ᶆ࡟ᥖࡆࡽࢀࡓࠋ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࢆቑࡸࡍࡇ࡜ࡔࡅ࡟␃ࡲࡽࡎࠊࡑࡢேᮦࢆά
࠿ࡋ࡚ BC ࡛ࡢ◊✲ࡸၟᴗࠊ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࠊᩥ໬࡞࡝ᵝࠎ࡞ศ㔝ࡢⓎᒎ࡟ࡘ࡞ࡆࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ⾲᫂ࡉࢀࡓࠋ≉࡟◊✲ศ㔝࡛ࡣࠊỗ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱᣺⯆㈈ᅋ Mitacs ࡢ Globalinkࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡜㐃ᦠࡋ࡚ࠊᕞෆ኱Ꮫࡢ◊✲࢖ࣥࢱ࣮ࣥࢩࢵࣉ࡟ཧຍࡍࡿእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕࡬ࡢᨭ᥼㔠 70 ୓࢝ࢼࢲࢻࣝࢆ‽ഛࡋࡓࡇ࡜ࡶ᫂ࡽ࠿࡟ࡉࢀࡓ (25)ࠋࡲࡓࠊ࢝ࢼࢲᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ᒁ㸦Canadian Bureau for International Educationࠊ␎⛠ CBIE㸧ࡢ 2012 ᖺሗ࿌᭩࡟
ࡼࡿ࡜ (26)ࠊࢧࢫ࢝ࢳࣗ࣡ࣥᕞࡣࠊIEMAP ࡢⓎ⾲ᚋ࡟᪂ࡓ࡞ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ಁ㐍ᡓ␎ࢆබ⾲ࡍࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ௨๓࠿ࡽᕞᨻᗓࡸྛᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱ಁ㐍ࡢࡓࡵࡢᵝࠎ࡞ᡭẁࢆㅮࡌ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࡑࡢ୍ࡘ࡟ࠊᕞᨻᗓࡣእᅜே␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢቑຍࢆ┠ⓗ࡟ Saskatchewan

Immigrant Nominee Program ࡞࡝ࡢ⛣Ẹไᗘࡢぢ┤ࡋࢆᅗࡗࡓࠋࡉࡽ࡟ࢧࢫ࢝ࢳࣗ࣡
ࣥ኱Ꮫࡣࠊࡼࡾከࡃࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࢆධᏛࡉࡏࡿࡓࡵ࡟ࠊྠ኱Ꮫ㝃ᒓㄒᏛࢭࣥࢱ࣮࡟ࡼࡿ⊂⮬ࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ྥࡅⱥㄒᩍ⫱ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࢆ㛤Ⓨ࣭㐠Ⴀࡋ࡚ࡁࡓࠋࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛࡢ୰࡟ࡣࠊ10 㐌㛫– 57 –ࡢ኱Ꮫ㐍Ꮫ‽ഛࢥ࣮ࢫࡀタ⨨ࡉࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡇࡢࢥ࣮ࢫࢆಟ஢ࡍࢀࡤྠ኱ᏛධᏛ࡟ᚲせ࡞TOEFL ࡸ IELTS ࡞࡝ࡢⱥㄒຊࢆド᫂ࡍࡿࢫࢥ࢔ᥦ♧ࡢච㝖ࡀㄆࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ࢝ࢼࢲࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ᕷሙ࡟࠾࠸࡚᪥ᮏࡢ༨ࡵࡿ๭ྜࡣࠊඛ㏙ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ 1㸣࡟ࡶ⮳ࡽ࡞࠸⛬ᚤࠎࡓࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᩍ⫱⌧ሙࡢᅜ㝿໬ࢆ㐍ࡵࡓ࠸࢝ࢼࢲᅜෆࡢ኱Ꮫ㛵ಀ⪅ࡣࠊ᪥ᮏࡀ௒ᚋࡶ㔜せ࡞஺ὶ┦ᡭᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ࡋ࡚⤯࠼ࡎ㧗࠸㛵ᚰࢆྥࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ

CBIE ࡢ 2016 ᖺሗ࿌᭩࡟ࡼࡿ࡜ࠊCBIE ᡤᒓ࣓ࣥࣂ࣮ࡢෆ 5㸣ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡣ㔜せ࡞ᅜ㝿஺ὶࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡛࠶ࡿ࡜⟅࠼࡚࠸ࡿ (27)ࠋࡇࡢὀ┠ᗘ࡟ᑐࡋ࡚ᅜูẚ㍑࡛ࡣࠊ
඲࡚ࡢᅜ࣭ᆅᇦࡢ୰࡛᪥ᮏࡣ 9 ␒┠࡟㧗࠸⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋ➨ 1 ఩ࡣ 32㸣ࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵ࡀ㑅ࢇࡔ୰ᅜ࡛ࠊ⥆ࡃ 2 ఩ࡣ࢖ࣥࢻ㸦24㸣㸧ࠊ3 ఩ࡣࣈࣛࢪࣝ㸦13㸣㸧࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࡉࡽ
࡟㡑ᅜࡣ 7 ఩㸦6㸣㸧࡜᪥ᮏࡼࡾࡶ㧗࠸㡰఩࡟ࡘࡅ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜࠎࡀ㔜せ࡞ᅜ㝿஺ὶࣃ࣮ࢺࢼ࣮࡜ࡋ࡚㧗࠸ὀ┠ࢆ㞟ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿせᅉ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊձ⌧ἣࡢᅜู␃Ꮫ⏕ᅾ⡠ᩘഴྥࡀ⪃៖ࡉࢀࡓࡇ࡜ࠊղ࢝ࢼࢲேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡬ࡢὴ㐵ቑຍ࡜࠸࠺≺࠸ࠊճᏛෆᩍ⫱࣒࢝ࣜ࢟ࣗࣛࡢᅜ㝿໬ࡢᙉ໬ࠊմ᪤࡟༠ຊ㛵ಀࡢ࠶ࡿᅜ࣭ᆅᇦ࡛༠ᐃᰯࢆቑࡸࡍ
࡜࠸࠺┠ⓗࠊ࡞࡝ࡀྠሗ࿌᭩࡛ᣦ᦬ࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ௨ୖࡢࡼ࠺࡞ᅜ㝿ᩍ⫱࡟ᑐࡍࡿ࢝ࢼࢲഃࡢ㧗࠸㛵ᚰࡸ⇕ព࡜ࡣᑐ↷ⓗ࡟ࠊ᪥ᮏഃ࡛ࡣⱝ⪅ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ᰿ᙉ࠸
ࠕෆྥࡁᚿྥࠖࡀࠊ࢝ࢼࢲ࡛ࡢ᪥ᮏே␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡢቑຍࡸ᪥ᮏࡢ኱Ꮫ࡜ࡢ஺ὶᣑ኱࡟኱ࡁ࡞
㞀ᐖ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ㛫㐪࠸࡞࠸ࠋ

４．おわりに᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫࡣࠊ㏆ᖺࡢᬒẼᅇ᚟ࡸᨻᗓࡢᚋᢲࡋࡶ࠶ࡗ࡚ࠊᚎࠎ࡟࡛ࡣ࠶ࡿࡀ᫂ࡽ࠿࡞ቑຍࢆ♧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ≉࡟ᾏእࡢ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ᶵ㛵࡬ࡢ␃Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ㛵ᚰࡣᑡ࡞ࡃ
࡜ࡶ௨๓ࡼࡾࡣ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚ࡁ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ┦ᑐⓗ࡟࢝ࢼࢲ␃Ꮫ࡬ࡢ㛵ᚰࡶ㧗ࡲࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡟࢝ࢼࢲ࡬␃Ꮫࡍࡿ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡀ㏆ᖺቑ࠼࡚࠸ࡿ୍᪉࡛ࠊᅾᏛ⤊஢ᚋ࡟᪥ᮏ࡬ᡠࡽࡎ࢝ࢼࢲ࡬ࡢ⛣Ẹࢆ㑅ᢥࡍࡿ࡜࠸ࡗࡓ㧗ᗘேᮦࡢὶฟࡢྍ⬟ᛶࡶᚲࡎฟ࡚ࡃࡿ࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋࡘࡲࡾ᪥ᮏ࠿ࡽࡢ␃Ꮫ⏕ࡢቑຍࡣࠊᑡᏊ㧗㱋໬♫఍ࢆ⫼ᬒ࡟ࠊ୧ᅜ㛫ࡢேᮦ⋓ᚓ➇த࡟ࡘ࡞ࡀࡿഃ㠃ࡶ↓ど࡛ࡁ࡞࠸ࠋࡋ࠿ࡋ࡞ࡀࡽࠊࡇ࠺ࡋࡓ࢝ࢼࢲᅾఫ᪥ᮏேࡢቑຍࡣࠊேᮦὶฟ࡜࠸࠺᪥ᮏഃ࠿ࡽぢࡓࣜࢫࢡࡢഃ㠃ࡔࡅ࡛ࡣ࡞ࡃࠊ᪥ᮏ࡜࢝ࢼࢲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿᅜ஺ࡢ
ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿぶᐦ໬ࢆ⠏ࡃேᮦࡢቑຍ࡜࠸࠺ᮇᚅࡢഃ㠃ࡶ࠶ࡿࠋࡑࢀࡺ࠼ࠊ㏆ᖺ㧗ࡲࡾࡘࡘ࠶ࡿ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእ␃Ꮫ࡟ᑐࡍࡿ⯆࿡㛵ᚰࠊࡉࡽ࡟ࡣලయⓗ࡞⾜ືࢆᘬࡁฟࡍࣔࢳ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥࡸ࢖ࣥࢭࣥࢸ࢕ࣈࢆࠊ௒ᚋࡶᣢ⥆ࡉࡏ࡚࠸ࡃࡇ࡜ࡀᚲせ࡛࠶ࡿࠋࡋ࠿ࡋࠊᨻᗓ୺ᑟࡢ୍᫬ⓗ࡞㔠㖹ⓗᨭ᥼ࢆ㦵Ꮚ࡜ࡍࡿ࣏ࣆࣗࣜࢬ࣒ⓗ࡞᪉ἲࡢࡳ࡟␃ࡲࡗ࡚࠸࡚ࡣࠊࡑࡢᐇ⌧ࡣ฿ᗏᮇᚅ࡛ࡁࡿࡶࡢ࡛ࡣ࡞࠸ࠋᾏእ␃Ꮫࡢࡓࡵࡢ㈨㔠㞟ࡵࡸ᝟ሗ཰㞟࡟⮬୺ⓗ࡟ྲྀࡾ⤌ࡴጼໃࡸࠊ࢝ࢼࢲࢆྵࡴㅖእᅜ࡟ฟ࡚ࢳࣕࣞࣥࢪࡋࡼ࠺࡜ࡍࡿ⢭⚄ࡀࠊ᪥ᮏࡢⱝ⪅ࡢ୰࠿ࡽෆⓎⓗ࡟‪࠸࡚ࡃࡿࡼ࠺࡞ᩍ⫱⎔ቃཬࡧ♫఍⎔ቃࢆࡘࡃࡿࡇ࡜ࡶ኱஦࡛࠶ࢁ࠺ࠋ

– 58 –注(1) The Canadian Bureau for International Education (CBIE), A World of Learning:
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2018, <http://net.cbie.ca/download/World-of-Learning-2016-EN.pdf>.
(2) Niall Hegarty,͆ Where We Are Now – The Presence and Importance ofInternational Students to Universities in the United States, ͇Journal ofInternational Students, 4, 3 (2014), 223-35.
(3) The International Comparative Higher Education and Finance Project, Higher
Education Finance and Cost-Sharing in Canada (Updated 9 April 2010), 18 JuneKWWSJVHEXIIDORHGXRUJLQWKLJKHUHGÀQDQFHSURMHFWBSURÀOHVKWPO!
(4) Canadian Federation of Students, Funding for Post-secondary Education(Fall 2013), 18 June 2018, <http://dev.cfswpnetwork.ca/wp-content/uploads/
sites/71/2015/07/Fact-Sheet-Funding-2013-11-En.pdf>.
(5) Statistics Canada, International students in Canadian Universities, 2004/2005 to2013/2014 (20 October, 2016), 18 June 2018, <http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/81599-x/81-599-x2016011-eng.pdf>.
(6) Moria J. Calder, Solina Richter, Yuping Mao, Katharina Kovacs Burns,Ramadimetja S. Mogale, Margaret Danko,͆International Students AttendingCanadian Universities: Their Experiences with Housing, Finances, and OtherIssues,͇Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 46, 2 (2016), 92-110.
(7) ౛࠼ࡤࢣ࣋ࢵࢡᕞࡀ᭱ࡶ㧗ࡃ࡚ 6.4 ಸࠊࢽ࣮ࣗࣈࣛࣥࢬ࢘࢕ࢵࢡᕞࡀ᭱ࡶపࡃ࡚ 2.0ಸ࡛࠶ࡗࡓࠋヲ⣽ࡣ௨ୗࡢሗ࿌᭩ࢆཧ↷ࠋ
Roslyn Kunin and Associates, Inc., Economic Impact of International Education in
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(8) Tim Anderson,͆Seeking Internationalization: The State of Canadian HigherEducation,͇Canadian Journal of Higher Education, 45, 4 (2015), 166-187.
(9) ᆤ⏣┈⨾ࠕ࢝ࢼࢲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢩࢸ࢕ࢬࣥࢩࢵࣉᩍ⫱ࡢືྥ㸫ࠕ♫఍ⓗ⤖᮰ࠖࡢ㔜ど࡟╔┠ࡋ࡚㸫ࠖࠗ࢝ࢼࢲ◊✲ᖺሗ࠘➨ 33 ྕࠊ2013 ᖺࠊ64 㡫ࠋ(10) Employment and Social Development Canada, Job Openings (2015-2024) :Canadian Occupational Projection System (COPS), Government of Canada Online
Report, 15 Dec. 2017, <http://occupations.esdc.gc.ca/sppc-cops/l.3bd.2t.1.3lshtml@HQJMVS"ÀG  OLG !(11) Alejandro Ortiz and Rahul Choudaha,͆Attracting and Retaining International
Students in Canada,͇World Education Services, Online Article (1 May 2014), 18
June 2018, <http://wenr.wes.org/2014/05/attracting-and-retaining-internationalstudents-in-canada>.
(12) PNP ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ Gopal ㄽᩥࠊCEC ࣉࣟࢢ࣒ࣛ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡣ኱ᒸㄽᩥࢆཧ↷ࠋAnita Gopal,͆ Canada ̓s Immigration Policies to Attract InternationalStudents, ͇ International Higher Education , 75 (Spring 2014), 19-21.
኱ᒸᰤ⨾ࠕ࢝ࢼࢲ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࡢ෌ᵓ⠏㸫ࠕ㑅ࡤࢀࡿ⛣ఫඛࠖࢆ┠ᣦࡍࢥࢫࢺ๐ῶ࡜ࣜࢫࢡ⟶⌮ࠖࠗ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇◊✲࠘➨ 4 ྕࠊ2012 ᖺࠊ7 㡫ࠋ(13) ౛࠼ࡤ᪥ᮏ࡜㡑ᅜཬࡧ୰ᅜࡢⱝ⪅ࡢ␃Ꮫ㛵㐃ࢹ࣮ࢱࢆ⏝࠸࡚ᅜ㝿ẚ㍑ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ௨ୗࡢ ㄽ ᩥ ࡀ ࠶ ࡿࠋYong-Koo Park,͆Japanese Young People̓s domestic directivity– 59 –

based on data : comparative analysis between Korea and China,͇Journal ofEast Asian Studies, 14 (March 2016), 251-260.
(14) ᪥ᮏேᾏእ␃Ꮫ⏕ᩘࡣฟ඾࡟ࡼࡗ࡚␗࡞ࡿࡀࠊ᪥ᮏᨻᗓࡀᘬ⏝ࡍࡿࢹ࣮ࢱࡣ୺࡟OECD ⤫ィ࡟ࡼࡿࡶࡢ࡛࠶ࡿࠋ᪥ᮏᏛ⏕ᨭ᥼ᶵᵓ㸦JASSO㸧ࠕ᪥ᮏேᏛ⏕ࡢᾏእ␃ᏛࠗJASSO ᴫせ 2017࠘ࠊ2017 ᖺࠊ18 㡫 , 18 June 2018, <http://᥎㐍 Study Abroadࠖ
www.jasso.go.jp/about/organization/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2017/06/22/jasso2017.
pdf>.
(15) JASSOࠊ๓ᥖ᭩ࠊ18 㡫ࠋ(16) Heyungjik Lee,͆ Recent Trends in Japanese Students Studying Abroad:
Welcome News for Canada, ͇Inside Higher Education The World View (25February 2018), 18 June 2018,<https://www.insidehighered.com/blogs/worldview/recent-trends-japanese-students-studying-abroad-welcome-news-canada>.
(17) 8QLWHG1DWLRQV(GXFDWLRQDO6FLHQWLÀFDQG&XOWXUDO2UJDQL]DWLRQ 81(6&2 UIS. Stat, International student mobility in tertiary education, Inboundinternationally mobile students by country of origin, 6 November 2017, <http://data.uis.unesco.org/>.
(18) ࡇࡢ௚ࠊ6 ఩ࣇࣛࣥࢫ 80,635 ேࠊ7 ఩࢝ࢨࣇࢫࢱࣥ 77,965 ேࠊ8 ఩ࢼ࢖ࢪ࢙ࣜ࢔75,539 ேࠊ9 ఩࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ 67,665 ேࠊ10 ఩࣐࣮ࣞࢩ࢔ 64,480 ே࡛࠶ࡿࠋ
(19) World Bank, Population 2016, World Development Indicators Database (15December 2017), 18 June 2018, <http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/POP.pdf>.
(20) Statistics Canada, International students in Canadian Universities, 2004/2005 to2013/2014 (20 October 2016), 18 June 2018, <http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/81599-x/81-599-x2016011-eng.pdf>.
(21) UNESCO, UIS. Stat.
(22) World Bank, Population 2016. World Bank, Gross Domestic Product 2016, WorldDevelopment Indicators Database (15 December 2017), 18 June 2018, <http://databank.worldbank.org/data/download/GDP.pdf>.
(23) The Council of Ministers of Education (CMEC), Bringing Education in Canada
to the World, Bringing the World to Canada: An International Education
Marketing Action Plan for Provinces and Territories (June 2011), 18 June 2018,<https://www.cmec.ca/Publications/Lists/Publications/Attachments/264/COF_%ULQJLQJB(GBWRB&DQDGDB(QJBÀQDOSGI!
(24) CBIE, A World of Learning: Canada’s Performance and Potential in International
Education (2012), 18 June 2018, < https://cbie.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/
CBIE-A-World-of-Learning-2012-EN.pdf>.
(25) Government of British Columbia, British Columbia’s International Education
Strategy (2012), 18 June 2018 <https://www2.gov.bc.ca/assets/gov/education/postsecondary-education/international-education/internationaleducationstrategy_web.pdf>.
(26) CBIE, A World of Learning (2012).
(27) CBIE, A World of Learning (2016).
㸦࠸࣮ࠉࡦࡻࢇࡌࡃࠉ໭ᾏၟ⛉኱Ꮫ㸧

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