The 3rd International Forum on the decommissioning of
the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant（1FD-Forum)Day 1 Program mainly for the local community

Session to “Learn”

Facilitator
Hiroshi Kainuma(Associate Professor of Ritsumeikan University)

What often happens at regularrestoration/nuclear power plant related
eventsListen→listen→listen→listen→ask a few questions→go home
It’s mostly just “listening to explanations.”

Patterns common in workshop type events

Don’t cover up “Thoughts” ,and talk with real intention→Talk thoroughly → Talk enthusiastically and deeply→ Become to know each other and friend→ Feel to go a step ahead

Something decided?
What is the next specific action?
Got excited internally, however, what to do next?

The biggest goal of today’s event= to create a “dialogue” where anyone
can join in“Dialogue” = reflection (introspection)
Amongst residents/with the decommissioning body/within oneself

Listen → reflection (introspection)→listen→reflection→listen→reflection→listen→...
After listening, always reflect= share, ask questions, think

This Year
Let’s start fromthe Session to “Learn”

What does this “Learn” mean?
“To learn” = to share two things

1) What does it mean to “learn about reactor
decommissioning” in the first place?
2) Learn about reactor decommissioning!

1) What does it mean to “learn about
reactor decommissioning” in the firstplace?
“Learning about reactor decommissioning”
Should we hold an information session for residents?
=>Hold a one-sided talk about difficult topics
Can they understand? Would normal people even beinterested?
Should we hold an intimate communication session such as around-table discussion?
=>Build trust

Not everyone can come listen. Will participants be able to learn
properly?

“I kind of understand, but kind of don’t.
It doesn’t quite make sense...”In either case, it means a lot to do it, but...
The majority of the people in the area
aren’t interested and forget most of it by
the next day.

1) What does it mean to “learn about
reactor decommissioning” in the firstplace?
It’s not easy to “learn about reactor decommissioning.”= Creating a place for residents to discuss reactor decommissioning!:

Then what we should do ?!
Past three years of history of 1FD-Forum has been the steps ofwhat we thought should be done.

April 10 - 11, 2016
1st International Forum on
the Decommissioning of
the Fukushima Daiichi
Nuclear Power Station@Iwaki City

Should include moreopinions from theresidents whenholding discussions!

Let’s dedicate
a whole day tosessions forresidents!

2017

The overwhelming Gap! Groove! Disparity!
between the residents and decommissioning authorities

Visualizing! Sharing! (ex Graphic recording)To“the 3rd International Forum on the decommissioning of
the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant”

Follow Up Mini Workshop@Fukushima City

New important question asked while confirming what has not been discussed
Why should we think about the decommissioning in the first place?

Why the local residents need to think or deal with troublesome issue
such as the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi

Why should we think about the decommissioning in the first place?

151) What does it mean to “learn about
reactor decommissioning” in the firstplace?
I. From “I don’t know what it is that I don’t know” to “Oh, I see.”
Make sure the residents can hold thorough discussions with thedecommissioning body on remaining issues
so information can be properly conveyed.
II. Search for the answer of “why we should we be thinking about
decommissioning”?

Do not stop after only talking about the technical aspects ofdecommissioning. Make sure to think about decommissioning basedon the residents’ lives and the hopes of the young people’s futures.

I. From “I don’t know what it is that I don’t know” to “Oh, I see.”Websites and brochures
Located at the back of the booklet. Please feel free to take a look.
II. Search for the answer of “why we should be thinking about decommissioning”
There are likely three directions...
1)Ethical: “To answer decommissioning questions = ethical.”
Whatever else it may be, decommissioning a nuclear reactor is hard work and requires everyone to cometogether with the determination to return the region to the way it was.
So we need to think about decommissioning!
=>That may be true, but isn’t it just self-satisfaction on the part of the government office and the Tokyo
Electric Power Company? The residents are busy with other matters too. Why must they be dragged in?
2)Regulation: “It is necessary to understand decommissioning and put regulations in place.”
If you don’t understand matters related to decommissioning, you won’t be able to handle the situation whensomething happens or when you need to make a decision!
You’re going to be at a disadvantage if you don’t know.
=>What happens if they say, “I don’t mind being at a disadvantage. I’m busy with other things and can’t bebothered listening to difficult talks.”
3)Benefit: “Knowing about decommissioning is useful.”
Decommissioning work has the potential to produce new employment and industry opportunities in the region, as
well as a cultural uniqueness. Deepening your understanding of decommissioning matters increases thoseopportunities.

=>Can that really happen? Isn’t that being indiscreet?

Hypothesis for time being：
To explore the question of“Why should we think about the decommissioning in the first place?”

It needs to be based on“Livelihood and day to day life in the area”
２）Regulation：”It is necessary to understand the Decommissioning toregulate it also from local community’s point of view”=> What kind of challenges does local community find important to live in thearea where affected by the decommissioning.
３）Benefit：”Knowing decommissioning itself is beneficial”=> What kind of hope and vision the local community has in mind for the
future of this area.
It is necessary to illuminate “Challenges” and “Hope” based on the livelihood of
the local residents.

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Summary
1) What does it mean to “learn about reactor decommissioning” inthe first place?
I. From “I don’t know what it is that I don’t know” to “Oh, I see.”II. Search for the answer of “why we should be thinking about decommissioning”

In any case, this is not a matter that can be resolved after holding a
one-time event with a limited number of people.

We had been exploring“Why should we think about the decommissioning in the first place?”

Then let’s explore“Understand the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi NPS”

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Quiz on learning about
reactor decommissioning• Period, process• Debris• Number of workers• Which organization is doing what
• Number of people living in areas thatwere once ordered to be evacuatedTime

Q1. How much time is needed tocompletely decommission the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power

plant?

23 - 33 years
The current completion estimate is between
2041 - 2051.

What needs to be done toaccomplish this plan?

Overcome each of the issues
presented in
the three large work processes

“Decommissioning the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant” = 3 tasks
1) Dealing with contaminated water2) Defueling
There is a “pool” and a “pressure cooker” inside thereactor.
(2-1) Used fuel: “pool”/clean(2-2) Fuel debris: “pressure cooker”/melted(3) Dismantling/clean-up (decommissioning)
Currently, main efforts are beginning to shift from (1)dealing with contaminated water to (2) defueling.
2018/7/2
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Copyright (C) Kainuma,Hiroshi All Rights
Reserved.

Contaminated water

Q2. How much water per day3(in m ) was/is flowing into thebasements of the buildings thathouse units 1 - 4of the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear plant before the icewall was completed?

９３㎥/day（Result in FY2017)P11 http://www.meti.go.jp/earthquake/nuclear/osensuitaisaku/committtee/genchicyousei/2018/pdf/0606_01_01.pdf

1 loop3 wells
2 types of walls

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How fuel debris will be extracted from now• Goal: to thoroughly remove the debris consisting of fuel, metals andconcrete all melted together.

2018/7/2
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Copyright (C) Kainuma,Hiroshi All Rights Reserved.

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Contaminated water

Q3. How many people areworking at
the Fukushima Daiichi
nuclear power plant perday?

The number and age range of workers per day

2016

2017

2018

Transition chart of average number of workers/day on month since FY2016 (record)

Local employment rate：６０％ （on resident card basis）
Issue of securing workers
Securing and fostering young workers（looking ahead for 30 – 40 years）
Stability as a local worker（dose rate, work content, wage）

P8 http://www.meti.go.jp/earthquake/nuclear/decommissioning/committee/osensuitaisakuteam/2018/08/2-1.pdf
Copyright (C) Kainuma,Hiroshi All Rights
Reserved.

2018/9/11

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Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May

Apr

Mar

Feb

Jan

Dec

Nov

Oct

Sep

Aug

Jul

Jun

May
May

Apr

Work per business day

Total ：approximately ４,０００－５,０００ people

Work environment, local employment, securing• Work environment
human resources• Local employment rate: 50% (based on certificates of residence)• Challenges of securing workers• Securing and training young workers (in anticipation of continuing work 30 40 years into the future)• Making it a stable place of employment in the region (radiation dosage,
contents of work, wages)
2018/7/2
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Copyright (C) Kainuma,Hiroshi All Rights
Reserved.

Who is doing thedecommissioning work?

Q4. Who is doing thedecommissioning work? Is it
the same as
decontamination and otherwork? Or is it different?

Main actors• Government/administrative offices METI：decommissioning, MOE：decontamination, Cabinet Office: zone restructuring, etc.
• TEPCO FDEC & the Restoration Main Office: compensation, decontamination, reconstruction support work
• NDF/public-private company joint team

Housing situation

Q5. How many people havecome back to live in themunicipalities close to the
Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power
plant that once received
evacuation orders?

Towns and cities experienced evacuation = 12 Municipalities
Always status changes but they are going through 3 stages
in its own way（１）Over 80% of the residents prior the evacuation came back to
Hirono Town 84.39% 4055／4805（At the end of June 2018）（２）Between more than 10 % to 50% has came backNaraha Town 48.05% 3367／7007 （At the end of June 2018）（３）Less than 10% has came backTomioka Town 5.6% 738／13170 （At the beginning of August 2018）35

To wrap up the discussion so far“To understand”＝Share Two things
1) What does “Knowing about decommissioning of Fukuhima
Daiichi NPS” really mean?
Importance to illuminate “Challenges” and “Hope”
2）“Understand the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi NPS”

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It is necessary to illuminate “Challenges” and “Hope” based on
the livelihood of the local residents.

In the session to “Discuss” we will try to find the way
forward on the task.

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The 3rd International Forum on the decommissioning of
the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant（1FD-Forum)Day 1 Program mainly for the local community

Session to “Discuss”

Facilitator
Hiroshi Kainuma(Associate Professor of Ritsumeikan University)

2018

VOICE FROM FUKUSHIMA 2 0 1 8

How this year’s discussions will proceed: Creating a “reactor decommissioning forest”
The goal of ultimately decommissioning the Fukushima
Daiichi nuclear power plant is set several decades in the
future.
As we work our way toward our goal, we will have to discover
the truth of this forest and share the understanding witheveryone, or else we will likely come to a standstill withoutachieving anything.

Spread out in front of us is a sprawling “reactor

decommissioning forest” that prevents us from seeing orplanning ahead and is riddled with treacherous footing.

◆ What we must do today
Then...
We will bring to light the true identity of the issues and hopes that floatvaguely in front of our eyes. With that in mind, we will thoroughly unravel
the issues facing the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear
plant and future prospects - from the residents’ standpoint.

There are many trees in a forest.
Among them are both “trees of issues” and “trees of hopes.”
Let us think about what sort of issues and hopes they containPre-research + mini workshop

as we clarify the vague understanding of the issues and

Identifying issues and hopes!

hopes we hold in our heads.

And,

Let’s make this a time where we can come to understand“what it is that we don’t know”
and confront, as best as possible, the question of “why weshould be thinking about decommissioning the reactor in
the first place.”◯AM session to “talk”: everyone in the hall will take part in discussions.
(1) Each person in a group of six will write out one “leaf of small issues andhopes.”(2) Each block will come together to create a “tree of small issues and hopes.”(3) Each block will write out two “leaves of large issues and hopes.”(4) Everyone assembled will come together to create a “tree of large issues andhopes.”(5) Onto the afternoon session.

Tree ofissuesTree ofhopes◯PM session to “listen”: local speakers will ask questions to people in charge oforganizations that support nuclear damage compensations and reactor
decommissioning; the Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry; and the Tokyo Electric

Leavesofhopes

LeavesofhopesPower Company.
(1) Questions will be asked based on the results of the pre-research (see the “tree ofissues and tree of hopes”
and the “map of reactor decommissioning issues” in the following pages) as well as what
was discussed during the morning session.
(3) Questions that come up while this process is being repeated will also be asked.
(4) Lastly, stickers will be put up to give feedback.

Tree ofhopes(2) Questions will continue to be asked until we can be satisfied by the responses.

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Let’s start “Session to Disucuss”

How to proceed with the discussion: make a “forest of D&D”
D&D of 1F whose goal is set in a few decades ahead. In
front of us there is a deep, precarious “Forest Leading to
D&D” where we are unable to have a clear foresight.

40•Without finding out what the forest is reallylike when heading to the goal, we will betransfixed in the middle of the forest.
•There are many tress in the forest where boththe trees of challenge and trees of hope also
grow. Let us think about what challenges andhope can be found there by revealing thechallenges and hope that we obscurely
perceive.
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Finding out what we do not know, let us work on
the question “Why should we have to think about
the D&D in the first place?” as much as we can.

Tree ofissuesTree ofhopes

42◆What we do today:
Cｌarify challenges and hope that vaguely lie in front of us. Then wethoroughly ellucidate challenges and future prospect of 1F D&D .

Preliminary research and mini-workshop
Extraction of challenges and hope.
43Extraction of challenges and hope
Leaf ofchallenges

Leaf ofhope

Step 1:make sure you are in a group of six.
Step 2: make sure you have sticky the notes, which are the small leaves ofchallenges (yellow) and hope (green) respectively.
Step 3 : please discuss in the group (start the discussion from the person
sitting the furthest right) and decide what to write on the yellow
午後は、この「話す」セッションで作った木を踏まえ
leave of challenge and green leaf of hope (10 mins).
Step 4: Put the yellow leaves and green leaves on the small tree
廃炉の課題についてとことん深めます(Please pass the leaves to the volunteer supporter.)44

6 steps:
visualize the challenges and hope that participants have, extract “Largetree”, which is the agenda today.
Step 1:make sure you are in a group of six.
Step 2: make sure you have sticky the notes, which are the small leaves ofchallenges (yellow) and hope (green) respectively.
Step 3 : please discuss in the group (start the discussion from the person
sitting the furthest right) and decide what to write on the yellow
leave of challenge and green leaf of hope (10 mins).
Step 4: Put the yellow leaves and green leaves on the small tree
(Please pass the leaves to the volunteer supporter.)Step 5: please discuss to make big leaves of challenges and hope
(two each).
Step 6: please fill in the two pairs of leaves to prepare for the afternoon
session.

46

Step 1:Make sure you are in a group of six

47

Step 2:
STEP2 Step 2: make sure you have sticky the notes, which are the small
leaves of challenges(yellow) and hope(green) respectively.

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STEP3
Please start discussing what to write on the leaves, starting from the person
sitting furthest right facing to the stage.
（10 min）• Example) “What I think are the challenges and hope for D&D or thiscommunity are…..”• “What I am concerned is.. I think is it is a challenge”.
• “Good things about this community is that…., which is hope.”
Note:• please do not talk too long (please pass it to the next person in 30
seconds or 1 minute)• We will notify in 5 minutes so please summarize to tell what to writeon the leaves.

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STEP4
Put the yellow leaves and green leaves on the small tree
(Please pass the leaves to the volunteer supporter.)

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STEP5
Please discuss to make big leaves of challenges and hope(two each).
• The volunteer supporters will check at first if there are “similar
contents”, “the contents on the leaves are diverse” or “whether there isnoticeable discussion”• Based on the above you will exchange your opinion in the group to
select what is the most important challenge and hope in your group• It is ideal that you are positively engaged in the discussion. If no one islikely to start talking, the volunteer supporter will pick on someone in
the group.
• Please discuss so that as many as people in your group can talk.
Note:• Please do not talk too long (please pass it to the next person in 30
seconds or 1 minute)• Even though, please do not hesitate and express your own opinion.
• We will notify in 5 minutes so please summarize to tell what to write on
the leaves
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Step 6:
please fill in the two pairs of leaves to prepare for theafternoon session.

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Lunch BreakIn the lunch time, we are goingto make large version ofTree of hopes and challenges.
Trying to include as many opinions as
possible. We welcome any participants
to join / see us what we do on stage!
53

The 3rd International Forum on the decommissioning of
the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant（1FD-Forum)Day 1 Program mainly for the local community

Session to “Ask Questions”

Facilitator
Hiroshi Kainuma(Associate Professor of Ritsumeikan University)

Session to “ask questions”（１）Ask questions through referring to the comments
gathered through the interviews and the today’smorning session（２）Keep on asking questions until the answer issatisfactory（３）Also ask questions from floor in the session（４）After the session, stick the stickers on the graphic
recording for your feed back55

Foundation of Session to “ask questions”• Conducted interviews prior to this forum to gather thoughts towards thedecommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi Power Station (19 groups and 50
people in total from 2017 to 2018), putting them together in Voice from
Fukushima 2017 and 2018.
• Summarized the challenges illuminated into “Strata of people’s concerns
Fukushim area”• Local residence will “aske questions” about the challenges such as in thestrata to decommission implementing body and also the supportingorganizations• Take into the account what’s has been gathered in the tree of hopeand challenges and discuss on the topics illuminated.

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57

Steps in the session to “ask questions” & panels• How this session work
（１）Seven panels from local community will be on board（２）Panels from local community have confirmed

what has been gathered in the trees of hope and challenges（３）Discuss on the priority to choose what topics need to be asked
today. (As the time is limited, if 10 minutes /question then only
7-10 questions will be maximum number of questions can be
asked.
（４）Q&A session from the higher priority issues. Try to clarify things
that is uncertain.
（５） Check if the floor understood what has been said on the stage=“Real time system”（６） Ask some input from commentator from abroad（７） Go onto the next topic… and so on and on. Until the time is up.
（８） If you have any doubt or comments please ask your closest Volunteer
supporter for the questionnaire paper to fill in. They will carry your message

to the facilitator. The paper needs to be handed to the volunteer supporters
by 15:30, to be discussed in this session.
* All the discussion will be recorded in the Graphic Recording

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Lastly but not least・・・

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Feedback session

Understood
well!

Leave “How you found thediscussion” for all

Would liketo talk more

Would liketo know better!

Unsatisfactory!

Could notunderstand much

Feel anxious

Put the stickers which
Represents“How you found the discussion”
as the feedback.
Please leave your thought freely
on the graphic recording by putting
on the stickers, before you leave the venue!

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