A RARE DOUBLE MONSTER OF DOLPHIN,
STENELLA CAERULEOALBAAKITO KAWAMURA AND KYOJI KASHITA*Kawana, a village on the east coast of Izu Peninsula and located some 90 km south\·vest from Tokyo, is famous with dolphin hunting where several thousands of small
cetaceans are caught every year by means of 'Oikomi-driving '. This whaling
method is somewhat alike to that followed by Malaitan natives of Solomon Islands(Dawbin, 1966). Almost all the cetaceans caught there are used exclusively forlocal consumption in Kawana and its environs.
During the course of examining whale body of S. caeruleoalba in the field atKawana village on November 26, 1970, one of the authors (Kashita) found verysmall but an abnormaly shaped foetuses among many normal ones. On closer
examination it was proved later to be a kind of double monster which was apparently
attributable to monovulation. The foetuses have one head with two body trunks
below the shoulder (Plate I).
A fairly big swarms of the dolphins had been driven into the Kawana Porton November 22, and kept alive there, and this foetuses were found among theone-day-catch of November 26. The number of dolphins caught on that day was
1,532 animals in total which were consisted of 1,262 larger sized individuals and270 smaller ones. The composition of those animals by their state of maturity
was not known. It could, however, be reasonably approximated from the previous
study that both pregnant and lactating females occupy more than 40 percent amongwhole animals caught in mid-November of 1968 (Tobayama, 1970). The motherof this foetuses was 195 cm in total length, and showed no unusual appearance orcharactors both in the outside look and internal organs. The features of ovaries,
the number of corpus albicans and corpus luteum were not observed. The estiated age of the mother would be about 3 years from the body length by applying it
to growth curve obtained previously (Kasuya, 1970).
The general characters observed in this double monster were as follows : Thebody lengths along transverse axis are 16.8 and 17.2 mm respectively. The facial
region in ventral view is much broader at the eye level than normal foetuses ofabout same length. The breadth is 5.6 mm in the former and 4.2 mm in the latter
while the distance between eyes is 3.1 and 3.4 mm respectively. The eyes areclearly visible, and the external nasal pits, Fovea nasalis, are distinctly seen on a levelslightly below the eyes. There is mouth cleft just below the nasal pits. External
ear opening is obscure. Maxillary process, lower jaw are distinguishable. Distance between nasal pits and mouth cleft is considerable. A slight neck-flexure
is visible, which seems as one of the distinct differences from that of normal foetuses.
Two pairs of fore-limbs and rudimental processes of hind-limbs on the side of genital* College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo.
Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst.,
No. 23. 1971. 139-140.

KAWAMURA AND KASHITA

140

member are distinct. Tails are conical in shape with obscure constrictions of muscle
plates. Umbilical cords are quite massive and distinct so as to fill the cavity formedby confronting two bodies along with the dark brown colored evaginations ofinternalorgans such as heart and liver. Pigmentation in the skin is not developed yet.
Comparing these characters with those of normal foetuses collected on thesame day at Kawana, and with another species of dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus or
Phocaena communis (Guldberg and Nansen, 1894), there seems no distinct differences between them except lateral appearance ; the double monster twins showedmuch slighter neck-flexure than the normal ones although it would be almost usual
when the double monster was seen dorsi-lateraly. It therefore seems that thoseunusual appearance is supposedly caused by the fusing due to twisting of the bodies
at their shoulder.
There have been reported at least two instances of Siamese twins and one double
monster in cetaceans : the first report is a double monster of 3 feet foetus of 72 feet fin
whale which was caught and found in Leith Harbor, South Georgia in 1946 (Intern.
Whal. Statis., 1949; Vangstein, 1971,person. com. ), the second one is southern sei whale(Kawamura, 1969), and then humpback whale very recently (Zemsky and Budylenko, 1970). The instances ofsei and humpback whales are complete Siamese twins
so-called equal conjoined twins ofthoracopagus, and those of fin whale seems to be akind of hemididymus or double monster, viz., two headed twins with one bodytrunk. All the twins having been reported were the only cases of baleen whales.
The double monster reported here would be the first record in toothed whales,and double monster of cephalopagus, the type of this foetuses which have two dody
trunks with one head, must be also the first instance throughout the order cetacea.
REFERENCES
DAwBrN, W. H., 1966. Porpoises and porpoise hunting in Malaita. Aust. Nat. Hist., 15: 107-211.
GuLDBERG, G. and F. NANSEN, 1894. On the development and structure of the whale. Bergens Mus., V. Bergen,70+vii.
INTERNATIONAL WHALING STATISTICS, 20, 1949. Oslo.
KASUYA, T., 1970. Growth and age determination of blue white dolphin, Stene/la caeruleoalba. Geiken Tsushin,
228: 4-5. (in Japanese)
KAWAMURA, A., 1969. Siamese twins in the sei whale Balaenoptera horealis Lesson. Nature, 221: 490-491.
ToBAYAMA, T., 1970. On the school of marine mammals. Cetacea. Geiken Tsushin, 228: 2-3.
(in Japanese)ZEMSKY, V. A. and G. A. BuDYLENKO, 1970. Siamese twins of humpback whale. Trans. AtlantNIRO, 24:
225-230.
EXPLANATION OF PLATE

Fig. I.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

The foetal double monster of Stene/la caeruleoalba
Ventral view (ea. X 3.1)
Dorsal view (ea. X 3.1)
Ventro-lateral view (ea. x 3.1)
Lateral views of the double monster (left) and the mormal foetus of about same bodylength (right). (ea. X 2.9)
Sci. Rep. Whales Res. Inst.
No. 25, 1971.

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