Adaptation Finance for Climate Change in Senegal
Mariko Ikeda
Kyoto University
1. Introduction
Developing countries are vulnerable to the expected climate change impact. Republic ofSenegal is located in far West Africa and whose sixty percent of population lives in coastal areathat is a very vulnerable situation. According to Human Development Report by UNDP, it has
been ranked as 163th/182 counties. They are suffering from climate change impact rather thandeveloped countries and the problem is that they don’t have enough knowledge and money
against it. Adaptation Fund (AF) is a financial funding mechanism which was established under
the Kyoto Protocol.AF provides the fund for developing countries directly not through theinternational organizations. We call the unique characteristics about AF “Direct Access” scheme.
Senegal’s case“Adaptation to Coastal Erosion in Vulnerable Areas” is the first case of Direct
Access and AF accredited CSE (Center de Suave Econogique) as a NIE (National ImplementingEntity). In this opportunity, I went to Senegal to investigate to the mechanism of Direct AccessFunding by expert hearing and interviews for the actors. I would like to discuss about thestructure of direct funding and also find some implications about the enhancement of theownership of Senegal.
2. Study Area
My affiliation of this opportunity was IRD (Institute Recherché Pour Developpment) Senegal
to learn the geographical information and knowledge. The study are three project sites of the AF
project, Rufisque, Saly and Joal.The location are within 100km of Dakar, and strugleing withthe severe coastal erosion. The interviews are cooperated by CSE, Environmental E Green
Senegal, and Dynamique Femme. The actors are Executing Entity (EE) of the project. Theunique characteristics of AF program is that NIE can access the fund directly and it also enables
to developing countries can manage the planning and implementations by themselves. This isexpected to enhance the ownership of Senegal and also as an innovative financing scheme forthe global adaptation funding mechanism.
3. Methods and materials
I had semi-structured interviews for the Institutions which related to the projects. In addition tothat, I had some interviews for International Organizations, for example UNDP, EU
Representative and IUCN and so on. This purpose of interviews are how they think about thesituation about climate change cause and relations in Senegal and have their opinions about
mainstreaming climate change into national development of Senegal. “vulnerability andresilience in West African coastal zone management”.
4. Results

I will summarize the achievements of the project and talk about the experiences.
(1) Rufisque, located from 30km from Dakar. Constructing 730m seawalls and 1.4m
underwater berms to slow coastal erosion and build sandy beaches(2) Saly,

located from 60km from Dakar.(a)Rehabilitation for women’s community forfishery processing industry.(b)3,000 tourism industry people was preserved(3) Joal, located from 80km from Dakar (a)Rebuilding 3.3km dikes to protect rice-growing
land from salinization (b)Reducing use of firewood in fish processing facilities (c)5,000
food producers benefited by infrastructure improvements
In addition to above results, they trained the residents in climate-smart adaptation, increased
awareness among residents about climate change strategies and developed coastal zone
management policies and regulations. Some implementation was delayed because of thetechnological problem and insufficient feasibility study. Some improvements should be requiredin terms of the implementation and management.
5. Discussion
The AF board says that NIE need a financial integrity, Institutional capacity, and transparency
and self-investigative powers. In Senegal’s context, we have to consider more about thequalification of NIE. They may need an external audit system. The most important thing is how
to maintain the sustainability after finishing this program. They need more technologicalknowledge in terms of MRV (Mesurerable Reportable Verifiable) in collecting data of theground. In order to do other projects in Senegal near future, they also have to explain theirstrategy of financial additionality.
6. Conclusions (including limitations of your study and future works)
I have to research about another adaptation project in Senegal, because we need more dynamic
support for Senegal’s climate change problems. MOLOA (Cooperation mechanism for themanagement of the coastline and the reduction coastal risks in West Africa) is also my main
objectives for my next survey.. I would also like to have interviews for government of Senegal,and talk about the policy formulation for climate change and national development.
7. Reflection on the GLTP in Africa
In this opportunity, the most impressive one is African social system that they help each otheras a big family. I experienced those standards by capitalism not always effective and reasonablein Africa’s context in some extent. We have to reconsider and sometimes change ourperspectives for Africa. I think the person who has a global leadership in Africa can respect
one’s culture and religion and diversity. I had many opinions from the actors that Japanesecontribution in Senegal will be needed more in near future.
Acknowledgement
This work was funded by the United Nations University Institute for the Advanced Study ofSustainability (UNU-IAS).I would also like to show my greatest appreciation to Dr.
Marie-Christine Cormier Salem in IRD Senegal and Dr. Akihisa Mori in Kyoto University. The
support of CSE and other international organizations are highly appreciated.
References

Bugler W. Direct access to the Adaptation Fund: Lessons from accrediting NIEs in Jamaicaand Senegal, Climate& Development Knowledge NetworkTrebbia, J. and Moser, S. “More than information: what coastal managers need to plan forclimate change”Environmenal Science&Policy 11(2008)315-328

Rob D.van den Berg and Osvaldo Feinstein Evaluation climate change and development,
World Bank Series on Development, Volume 8Schipper,E. and Burton,I. Adaptation to Climate Change Earthcan 2009

Stewart,R. Climate Finance New York University Press 2009