ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ➇தຊせᅉ࡟㛵ࡍࡿᐃᛶⓗ◊✲㸨ᒸᮧ ኴ㑻 㸪୰㔝ෙ 
Qualitative Study on Competitiveness Factors of Switzerland
Taro OKAMURA*1 and Masaru NAKANO*2*1
Keio Univ.Graduate School of System Design and Management
4-1-1, Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8526 Japan

This study has conducted a qualitative study on the competitiveness factors of Switzerland with particular focus on
the competitiveness of industrial goods. First the relationship between the strong export growth of Swiss packed
medicaments and the country’s unique EFTA/Bilateral position has been studied. The result shows that although noclear influences of the international position has been found on the export of packed medicaments and precious watches
which are two major exported industrial goods of the country. However this indicates a possibility of a country to havean outstanding competitiveness by selectively focusing on a certain special sector upon the right market growth.
Secondly, the relationship between the low number of Swiss nationals in the R&D and the increasing number ofhighly-educated foreigners has been studied. The result indicates that both the number of foreigners in R&D and thenumber of highly-educated foreigners migrating to Switzerland have increased. Since the high ratio of highly-educatedforeigners come from Germany, it is also highly probable that the R&D jobs in Switzerland have been filled by them.
The biggest factor for this migration is the significantly high salary level of Switzerland compared to Germany. Due tothe fact that 70% of the country’s R&D investment is spent by private industries, particularly by the pharmaceuticalsector, the Swiss pharmaceutical industry is highly R&D intensive by using foreign professionals.
In sum, despite being a non-EU member, Switzerland has gained a strong export competitiveness for thepharmaceutical products in addition to the traditionally strong machinery sector. This success has been largely due tothe R&D capability of many highly skilled foreign professionals, particularly from Germany.
Key Words : Switzerland, Export Competitiveness, EFTA/Bilateral, R&D, Highly-skilled foreign labour1.

⥴ゝதຊࢆᣢࡘࡇ࡜ࡀከ࠸>@ࠋ⤒῭ࡢࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬ࡢ୰

㏆ᖺࡢୡ⏺⤒῭ࡢᡂ㛗ࡣࠊࢢ࣮ࣟࣂࣝ໬࡟ࡼࡿ≀ရࡸ࡛ࠊḢᕞࡢᑠᅜඛ㐍ᅜࡀᣢࡘ≉ᚩ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ➨஧ゝㄒ࡜ࢧ࣮ࣅࢫࡢ㈠᫆ྲྀᘬࡢᣑ኱ࡀ≌ᘬࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ>@ࠋࡋ࡚ࡢ㧗࠸ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢⱥㄒࢆヰࡍ⪅ࡢẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࡀࠊࢫ㸯㸷㸴㸮ᖺ௨㝆ࡢ୍ே࠶ࡓࡾࡢ㹅㹂㹎ᡂ㛗ࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢ࢖ࢫࡣእᅜேேཱྀࡣ㸰㸮㸯㸯ᖺࡢ᫬Ⅼ࡛㸰㸵㸣LL࡛࠶ࡿ࡜ඛ㐍ᅜ࡛ࡣࣝࢡࢭࣥࣈࣝࢢࠊ
ࣀ࢙࣮ࣝ࢘ࠊ
ࢫ࢖ࢫࠊࡾࡑࡢ㝿❧ࡘእᅜேࡢከࡉ࠿ࡽࠊ➨୍ヰ⪅࡜ࡋ࡚ⱥㄒ

ࢫ࢙࣮࢘ࢹࣥࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣜ࢔ࠊ࢜ࣛࣥࢲࠊ

ࢆヰࡍேཱྀࡶከ࠸ࠋ

ࣇ࢕ࣥࣛࣥࢻࠊ࣋ࣝࢠ࣮࡞࡝ẚ㍑ⓗேཱྀࡢᑡ࡞࠸ᑠᅜ

ࢫ࢖ࢫࢆྵࡴḢᕞࡢᑠᅜࡣᅜ㝿➇தຊࡶ㠀ᖖ࡟㧗ࡃࠊLከ࠸ ࠋẚ㍑ⓗேཱྀつᶍࡀᑠࡉ࠸ᅜࡣᑠつᶍ㛤ᨺ⤒῭୰࡛ࡶࢫ࢖ࢫࡣ㏆ᖺ╔ࠎ࡜ࡑࡢ㡰఩ࢆ࠶ࡆ࡚ୡ⏺ࡢࢺ62( ࡀᣢࡘඹ㏻ࡢ≉ᛶ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊ
ᾏእᕷሙ࡟௙࠼ࡿ࡜࠸

ࢵࣉ࡟ୖࡾワࡵ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡛ࠊ࠿ࡘ࡚ࡢࢺࢵࣉࡢᗙ࠿ࡽ

᫂☜࡞┠ⓗ࡟ࡼࡾࠊẚ㍑ⓗ๭ྜࡢ኱ࡁ࠸௜ຍ౯್άື

⁥ࡾⴠࡕ࡚ࡋࡲࡗࡓ᪥ᮏࡢ➇தຊ࡟࡜ࡗ࡚ࡣཧ⪃࡜ࡍࢆకࡗࡓᅜ㝿άືࡀ㐍ࢇ࡛࠾ࡾࠊࡇࢀࡽࡢᅜ࡟ᒓࡍࡿ

࡭ࡁᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ )LJ ࠋ௻ᴗࡣࠊᑡᩘࡢࢽࢵࢳ࡞ᕷሙࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡟࠾࠸࡚㧗࠸➇*ཎ✏ཷ௜ 0000 ᖺ 00 ᭶ 00 ᪥Ꮫ⏕ဨ㸪៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢹࢨ࢖࣭࣐ࣥࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲⛉㸦ࠛ223-8526 ⚄ዉᕝ┴ᶓ὾ᕷ ໭༊᪥ྜྷ 4-1-1㸧*2ṇဨ㸪៞᠕⩏ሿ኱Ꮫ኱Ꮫ㝔ࢩࢫࢸ࣒ࢹࢨ࢖࣭࣐ࣥࢿࢪ࣓ࣥࢺ◊✲⛉E-mail: spin9456@gmail.com
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࡚࠸ࡿ⏘ᴗࣞ
ࣞ࣋ࣝࡸᅜࣞ
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ࢫᮏ≉ᛶ➇தຊ࡜ᐦ᥋
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࡚࠸ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ୍᪉

Ọୡୡ୰❧ᅜࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡣேཱྀ  ୓ࡢすḢࡢ୰୰ᚰ࡟఩⨨ࡋ

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ࡋࡶ㍺ฟ➇த
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࢔࡞࡝㹃㹓ࡢ

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ᗘࡢᅜẸᢞ⚊࡟࡟ࡼࡾ⌧ᅾࡶ

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࡟ኚ໬ࡀ⏕ࡌࡓ⤖㹃㹓㹓㠀ຍ┕ࡢᅜ࡛
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ᯝࠊᾏእ࠿ࡽ
ࡽࡢ㒊ရᮦᩱ
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ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࠋࡑࡢࡓ

⮬἞἞ࡀᙉࡃࠊබ⏝⏝ㄒ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ
ࡣࢻ࢖ࢶㄒࠊࣇ
ࣇࣛࣥࢫㄒࠊ

ࡵࠊ࢔࣋ࣀ࣑
࣑ࢡࢫ࡟ࡼࡿ
ࡿ෇Ᏻㄏᑟ࡟ࡼ
ࡼࡿ㍺ฟᨻ⟇⟇ᚋ㸯࢖ࢱࢱࣜ࢔ㄒࠊ࣐ࣟ
࣐ࣥࢩࣗㄒࡢ 㸲ゝㄒࡀᐃࡵࡵࡽࢀ࡚ࡓከ

ᖺࡀࡓࡗࡓ௒
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ᚎࠎ࡟ᨵၿࡋ
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ࡽࡎ୰ᑠ௻ᴗ
ᴗ࡛ࡶ⮬ࡽࡢ
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᪉ྥᛶࢆᙉࡵ
ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊⅭⅭ᭰࡟ࡼࡿ〇〇ရ౯᱁࡛ࡢ᪋⟇ࢆ
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ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ⏘ᴗࢫᴗ≉ᛶࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ
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ࡘ㧗࠸㍺ฟ➇➇தຊࢫ࢖ࢫ࡟ࡣ⏘ᴗࢡࢡࣛࢫࢱ࣮࡜ ࿧ࡤࢀࡿ୍ᐃ
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ᐹࡋࡓࠋࣂ࣮ࣜࣗࢳ࢙࣮
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࡚ࣂࡿࢿࢿࢵࢺ࣮࣡ࢡࡀ
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㟁ᏊᕤᏛ࣭㔠ᒓᒓᕤᴗࠊ᫬ィ
⏘ᴗᴗࠊ㹇㹒ศ㔝ࡢࡢศ㔝࡛ୡ⏺
⏺ⓗ࡟᭷ྡ࡞ከ
ከᅜ⡠௻ᴗࡀ
2

ࡿ>@ࠋࡲࡓࡓ୰ᑠ௻ᴗᩘࡀ
ࡀ඲యࡢ㸷๭
๭௨ୖᏑᅾࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

ຊࠊປാᕷሙ
ሙࠊᅜ㝿㛵ಀࠊᨻ἞ไᗘࠊ
࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥຊ

࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ
ࡢࠊ኱௻ᴗ࡟
࡟ຎࡽࡎୡ⏺ⓗⓗ࡞ࢩ࢙࢔ࢆ≉ᐃไࠊ⏘ᴗࢡࣛࢫ
ࢫࢱ࣮ࠊ㧗ࢫ ࢟ࣝእᅜேࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ⤒῭⛯ไࡢᕷሙ࡛ᣢࡘ
ࡘ௻ᴗࡀከᩘ
ᩘᏑᅾࡍࡿ>
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ᣑ኱࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣࠊ$XHU 6DXUH>@ࡀ࡞せᅉ࡛࠶ࡿ
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㍺ฟฟᅜࡢ㏻㈌࡟ᑐ
ᑐࡍࡿࢫ࢖ࢫ ࣇࣛࣥ㧗࡜㍺㍺ฟᅜ㹅㹂㹎 ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢࡢ⤒῭≉ᛶ

ࡢቑቑຍࡀ୚࠼ࡿࢫࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ㍺ฟ ࡬ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ ࡗࡓ࡜ࡇࢁࠊ
ࠊ

ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ㈠㈠᫆┦ᡭඛࡣ
ࡣ㹃㹓ᅪෆ࡬ࡢ
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࡚㸯㸮㸣㧗ࡃ

༙ᩘࢆ༨ࡵ࡚
࡚࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㍺㍺ධࡣ㹃㹓ẚ⋡⋡ࡀ㧗ࡃ㍺ฟඛࡣ

ࡿ࡜ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ㍺㍺ฟ㔠㢠ࡣ㸲 㸬㸰㸣ῶࡿࡢࡢᑐࡋ࡚ࠊ┦࡞ࡿ

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ࠋࢫ࢖

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࣡ࢡࢳࣥࠊ་
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ฟᣑᣑ኱せᅉࡢ୍ࡘ
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L[࠶ࡿ ࠋᕤᴗᴗ〇ရ࡛ࡣ᭱኱
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Ḣᕞࡀ᭱኱ࡢ
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ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿࡶࡢࡢ
ࡢࠊ༢୍ᅜ࡜ࡋ࡚

ࢻຊຊࡸ≉ᐃࡢ〇ရရࡢ〇㐀࡜ࡑ ࡢ࿘㎶⏘ᴗ࡟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ᡂࡾ

ࡣ⡿ᅜࡀ᭱኱
኱ࡢ㢳ᐈ࡛࠶
࠶ࡿ[ࠋ〇㐀ᴗ඲඲య࡛ࡣປാ
ാேཱྀ❧ࡗࡗ࡚࠾ࡾ㝈ࡽࢀ
ࢀࡓ౯᱁➇த
த࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡿ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸

ࡢῶᑡࡀ㐍ࡳࡳࠊ〇⸆࡜⢭⢭ᐦᶵᲔ⏘ᴗ࡬
࡬ࡢ㑅ᢥ࡜㞟
㞟୰ࡀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ7KRUEHFNH .DWR>@ࡣࠊ ᖺᗘࡢ㍺

ぢࡽࢀࡿ>@ࠋࡲࡓ㹅㹂㹂㹎࡟༨ࡵࡿປ
ປാᡤᚓ㢠ࡢ᥎⛣ᐇ⦼ࢆ 2(&' ࡀタᐃࡋࡓ㍺ฟ
ฟ〇ရูࡢᢏ⾡⾡ᙉᗘࣞ࣋ฟᐇ࡛ࡣࢫ࢖ࢫࡣ
ࡣቑຍഴྥ[L࡟࠶ࡾࠊࡑࢀ
࡟ࢀ࡟㐃ືࡋࡓᙧ
ᙧ࡛ࣝ࡟࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ศ㢮ࢆࢆ⾜ࡗࡓ⤖ᯝ
ᯝࠊࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ㍺㍺ฟࡢ 

⮬ᅜ㏻㈌࡛࠶
࠶ࡿࢫ࢖ࢫࣇ
ࣇࣛࣥࡢ㧗㦐ࡀࡀぢࡽࢀࡿ ))LJ ࡀࣁࣁ࢖ࢸࢡ〇ရ࡟
࡟ศ㢮ࡉࢀࡿ ࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡿࠋ)LJ ࠋ ᅜࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ➇ᅜ➇தຊ࣭࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩࣙࣥ
ࣥຊ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡣࠊ0DU[W %UXQQHU%>@ࢫ࢖ࢫ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡⾡ጤဨ఍ 667&
7& ࡜⾜ࡗࡓᅜ
ᅜࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋
ࡀࢫࢩࣙࣥࢩࢫࢸ࣒࡟
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ◊✲✲࡟࡚ࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫ࡟ࡣእᅜ௻
ࢆᘬࡁ௜ࡅࡿ᮲
᮲௳ࡢ࡯ࡰࡍ
ࡍ࡭࡚ࡀᥞࡗ࡚
࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡜ࠊ
ᴗࢆ⛉ᏛᏛᢏ⾡ࣞ࣋ࣝ࡞
࡞ࡽࡧ࡟㹐㸤 㹂ᢞ㈨㢠ࡢ㧗㧗ࡉࢆ≉ᚩ࡜
ࡋ࡚
࡚㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ 7DEOH ࠋࡢປാሗ㓘㢠ࡢ᥎⛣
)LLJ ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ


)LJࢫ࢖
࢖ࢫࣇࣛࣥ &++) ࡢᑐ࣮ࣘࣟࠊ⡿ࢻࣝ᥎
᥎⛣


7DEO
OHࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ
ࡢ࢖ࣀ࣮࣋ࢩ
ࢩࣙࣥࡢ㹑㹕㹍
㹍㹒>@ࡲࡓ
ࡓࠊ/RR>@ࡣࡣୡ⏺⤒῭ࣇ࢛
࢛࣮࣒ࣛ :() ࡜ࢫ࢖ࢫᅜ

4.᪤  ◊✲࡜ࡑࡢࡢㄢ㢟㝿⤒⤒Ⴀ◊✲ᡤ ,00' ࡀⓎ⾲ࡍࡿࡿᅜ㝿➇தຊࣛࣥ࢟ࣥࢢࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ㍺㍺ฟ➇தຊ࡟
࡟㛵ࡍࡿ᪤ ◊◊✲ࡀྲྀࡾୖ
ୖࡆ࡚ࡢ⤫⤫ྜศᯒ࡟ࡼࡗ
ࡗ࡚ࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ ࡢᅜ㝿➇தຊຊホ౯ࡢ࣏࢖ࡁࡓせᅉ࡜ࡋ
ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ⏘ᴗ
ᴗ➇தຊࣞ࣋ࣝ
ࣝࡢࡶࡢ࡜ᅜ
ᅜࣞ࣋ࣥࢺ࡜ࡋ࡚ḟࢆୖୖࡆ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ ձୡ⏺࡛᭱ࡶࡶ≉チ࠶ࡓࡾ

ࣝࡢࡶࡢ࡟኱
኱ูࡉࢀࡿࠋ⏘ᴗ➇தຊ࡛࡛ࡣ㟂せඛࡢᕷሙ

ࡢ㹐㹐㸤㹂ࢥࢫࢺࡀ
ࡀప࠸ࠋղ㹅 㹂㹎࡟༨ࡵࡿࡿ㹐㸤㹂ᢞ㈨ᣑ኱ࠊ〇ရຊ
ຊࡀ࠶ࡾࠊᅜ
ᅜࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ➇ததຊ࡟࠾࠸࡚ࡣࠊ
3ࠊճ⛉Ꮫᢏ⾡⾡ࡸ࣐ࢿࢪ࣓ࣥ
ࣥࢺࡢ㧗➼ᩍ
ᩍ⫱ࣞẚ⋡ࡀ㧗࠸ࠊ

࡞࠾࠾ࠊ࠸ࡎࢀࡢㄢ
ㄢ㢟࡟࠾࠸࡚ ࡶ◊✲᪉ἲࡣࡣ௬ㄝ࡟ᑐࡋ

࣋ࣝࡀ㧗࠸ࠊ
ࠊմࢧࣉࣛ࢖࣮ࣖရ㉁ࡀ㧗
㧗࠸ࡇ࡜

࡚බ
බ㛤᝟ሗࢆከ㠃㠃ⓗ࡟᥈⣴ࡋ ࠊ᳨ドࡍࡿࣉࣉࣟࢭࢫࢆྲྀ௨ୖࡢホ౯ࢫ
ࢫࢥ࢔ࡀࢫ࢖ࢫࡣୡ⏺ࢺࢵࢵࣉࢡࣛࢫ࡟࠶ࡿ

ࡗࡓ
ࡓࠋ

࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡿࠋ

6.

࣭㧗ࢫ࢟ࣝእ
እᅜே࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣࠊ3HFRUD
DUR>@ࡀ㸰㸮㸮⪃ᐹ ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢᅜ㝿㝿㛵ಀ࡜㍺ฟ ࡢ⪃ᐹ㸮ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢእ
እᅜேປാ⪅⪅ࡢὶධࡢศᯒ
ᯒ࡟ࡼࡾࠊ㸷㸮ᖺ௦௨㝆ࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫᨻᗓࡀᐇ᪋
᪋ࡋࡓ㹃㹓࠾ࡼ
ࡼࡧ㹃㹄㹒㸿ᅜࢆ

࢖ࢫࡢ㍺ฟ〇〇ရูࡢ㐣ཤ㸯㸯㸮ᖺࡢ᥎⛣ࢆぢࡿ࡜ࠊ་ࢫ࢖ඃඛࡍࡿ୍㐃
㐃ࡢ㑅ᢥⓗ࡞
࡞⛣Ẹཷࡅධไ
ไᗘࡣࠊࢫ࢖ࢫࡀ⸆ရရ㸦ໟ⿦῭ࡳ་
་⸆ရ㸧ࡢ㍺㍺ฟࡀ㸰㸮㸮㸮
㸮ᖺ௨㝆㣕㌍▱㆑࣮࣋ࢫ⤒⤒῭࡟⛣⾜ࡍ
ࡍࡿࡓࡵ࡟ᚲせせ࡞ேᮦࢆྲྀྲྀࡾධⓗ࡟࡟ఙࡧ࡚࠸ࡿ )LJ ࠋࡲࡓࡓࠊ་⸆ရࡢ㍺㍺ฟඛ࡜ࡋ࡚

ࢀࡿ㝿ࡢࢡ࢜
࢜ࣜࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮
࣮ࢩࣙࣥࡢᨵၿ
ၿ࡟㈉⊩ࡋࡓࡔࢁ

ࡣࠊ≉࡟࢔࣓
ࡣࣜ࢝ྥࡅࡢᡂ
ᡂ㛗ࡀⴭࡋ࠸ )LJ ࠋ

࠺࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸
࠸ࡿࠋ࣭ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ⤒⤒῭ྐⓗศᯒ
ᯒ㯮⃝>@ࡣࡣ㧗㈤㔠࣭㧗㧗≀౯࡟ࡘ࠸࡚
࡚ࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ⤒⤒῭ࡢప࢖ࣥࣇࣞ࡜
࡜ప㔠฼ࡀࡣ
ࡣࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ㔠⼥
⼥ᕷሙࡢ㨩ຊࢆ㧗ࡵࠊࡑࢀࡀኚ
ኚື┦ሙไ⛣⛣⾜ᚋࢫ࢖ࢫࣇ
ࣇࣛࣥ㧗ࢆᘬࡁ㉳ࡇࡋከ⤖ᯝ✺✺ฟࡋࡓ㧗㈤㈤㔠࣭㧗≀౯ᅜ
ᅜ࡟ᢲࡋୖࡆ
ࡆࡓ࡜
㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࠋ
ࠋ࣭᪤ ◊✲ࡢ
ࡢㄢ㢟㸸ࡇࢀࡽࡢ᪤ 
 ◊✲ࡢࣞࣅ
ࣅ࣮ࣗ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ
ࡿㄢ㢟࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣ஧

ୖ఩㍺ฟရ┠ࡢࡢ᥎⛣
)LJXUH ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢୖ఩

Ⅼ࠶ࡆࡽࢀࡿ
ࡿࠋ୍ࡘ┠ࡣ
ࡣ /RR>@ࡀ㏙㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࠊࢫ࢖ࢫࡣ
ࡣ㹃㹓㠀ຍ┕┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ࡀ
ࡀࡽࡶ㹃㹓࡜ྠࡌᇶ‽࡛⤒῭ά
άືࡀ⾜࠼ࡿ
ࡿࡇ࡜࡜㹃㹄㹒
㹒㸿ຍ┕ᅜ࡛
࡛࠶ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡢᙉࡳ࡛࠶
࠶ࡿ࡜࠸࠺Ⅼ࡟࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ලయయⓗ࡟ᥦ♧ࡉࢀ࡚࠸
࠸࡞࠸Ⅼ࡛࠶
࠶ࡿࠋ஧ࡘ┠ࡣࡣ 0DU[W %UXXQQHU
>@ࡀ㏙࡭࡚࡚࠸ࡿࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫேࡢ㹐㸤㹂ᚑᚑ஦⪅ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ
㹐㸤㹂ᢞ㈨ࡢ
ࡢ๭ྜ࡛ࡣẸ
Ẹ㛫௻ᴗࡀ㸵๭๭ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡢࡉ
ࡉࡽ࡞ࡿ⪃ᐹᐹࡢᚲせᛶ࡛࠶࠶ࡿࠋ)LJXUH ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ་⸆
⸆ရࡢୖ఩㍺㍺ฟඛᅜ
5.

ᮏ◊✲✲ࡢ௬ㄝ࡜◊
◊✲᪉ἲ

ࢫ࢖
࢖ࢫࡣࠊ
()7$ Ḣᕞ⮬⏤㈠᫆
᫆㐃ྜ ࡬ࡢຍ
ຍ┕ࢆ⥅⥆ࡋ

᪤ ◊✲ࣞࣅ
ࣅ࣮ࣗ࠿ࡽ஧ࡘ
ࡘࡢㄢ㢟࡟ᑐ
ᑐࡋ࡚ᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ᪤

࡚࠸࠸ࡿࡀࠊ㹃㹓ຍຍ┕࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ ࡣ஧ᗘ࡟ࢃࡓ
ࡓࡿᅜẸᢞ⚊

௬ㄝࢆ௨ୗࡢ
ࡢ㏻ࡾࡓ࡚ࡓ
ࡓࠋ࡟࡚࡚ྰỴࡉࢀࡓ⤖⤖ᯝࠊ㹃㹓࡜ ࡢ஧ᅜ㛫஺΅΅ࢆ⤒࡚ேࡢ

ձࢫ࢖ࢫࡢᅜ
ᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡜㍺㍺ฟࡢ⪃ᐹ㸸ࢫࢫ࢖ࢫࡢᅜ㝿
㝿㛵ಀ⮬⏤⏤࡞⛣ືࢆྵࡴࡴ⤒῭༠ᐃࢆ 㸯㸷㸷㸷ᖺ࡟࡟⤖ࡧࠊ

ࡀᙉࡳ࡛࠶ࡿ
ࡿ࡜ࡍࡿ᪤ 
 ◊✲ࡢ⤖ᯝ࡟
࡟࠾࠸࡚ࠊ㹃㹓㠀

ᖺ࡟࡟ࡣᅜᐙ㛫࡟࠾
࠾࠸࡚ᅜቃ᳨ᰝ
᳨ᰝ࡞ࡋ࡛ᅜቃ
ቃࢆ㉺࠼ࡿࡇ

ຍ┕࡛࠶ࡿࡇ
ࡇ࡜࡟ࡼࡾᑐ
ᑐእⓗ࡟⮬⏤࡞࡞஺΅ࡀྍ⬟⬟࡛࠶࡜ࢆࢆチྍࡍࡿࢩ࢙
࢙ࣥࢤࣥ༠ᐃ
ᐃ࡬ࡢ㒊ศⓗྜྜព[LL࡟⮳ࡗࡿ࡜௬ᐃࡋࠊ
ࠊࡇࢀࡀఱࡽ
ࡽ࠿ࡢᙳ㡪ࢆ㍺㍺ฟ➇தຊ࡟୚࠼࡚࠸࠸ࡿ )LJ ࠋ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺௬ㄝࢆ❧࡚࡚⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ
஦⪅ࡀẚ㍑ⓗⓗᑡ࡞࠸Ⅼࡢ⪃⪃ᐹ㸸㹐㸤㹂ᚑ஦ղ㹐㸤㹂ᚑ஦
⪅ࡀᑡ࡞ࡃࠊ
ࠊ㹐㸤㹂ᢞ㈨㈨ࡢ๭ྜ࡛ࡣẸẸ㛫௻ᴗࡀ㸵๭ࢆ༨ࡵ࡚࠸ࡿⅬ
Ⅼ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࠊ㹐㸤㹂ᚑ஦⪅⪅ࡀᑡ࡞࠸࡜࠸࠺
Ⅼ࡟↔Ⅼࢆᙜ
ᙜ࡚ࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫேࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡟
࡟እᅜேࡀᢸ
ᢸࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜࠸࠺௬
௬ㄝࢆࡓ࡚ࠊ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋࠋFig.
F 8 EFTA/Bilateral ࡜࡞ࡿࡿࡲ࡛ࡢኚ㑄 [14] [15]4ྥࡅ་⸆ရ㍺ฟ
ฟࡢⴭࡋ࠸ఙ
ఙࡧ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࠊ࢔࣓
࢔࣓ࣜ࢝ྥࣜ࢝࡜ࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡢ་⸆ရつつไࡢኚ໬ࡀ࡞
࡞࠸࠿ㄪᰝࡋࡓ࡜
ࡇࢁࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫ࡛ࡣ㸰㸮㸮㸰ᖺࡲ࡛㐃㑥㑥࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝࡢ་⸆ရつไࡣᏑᅾ
ᅾࡋ࡚࠸࡞࠿
࠿ࡗࡓࡀࠊ㸰㸮
㸮㸮㸰ᖺ࡟ࢫ࢖ࢫ
㐃㑥་⸆ရᒁ
ᒁ(Swissmedicc)ࡀタ❧ࡉࢀࠊ2003 ᖺ࡟࢔࢔࣓ࣜ࢝㣗ရ་⸆
⸆ရᒁ࡜ࡢ㛫
㛫࡛஢ゎぬ᭩(M
MOU)xiiiࡀ஺ࢃࢃࡉࢀ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㹄
㹄㹂㸿࡜ࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫ Swissmedicc ࡢ㛫࡛஺ࢃࡉࢀ
ࡓ MOU ࡀ࢝࢝ࣂ࣮ࡍࡿ⠊⠊ᅖ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡣࠊ᳨ᰝሗ࿌᭩ࡸ
ࡸヨ㦂ሗ࿌᭩ࠊ࠶࠶ࡿ࠸ࡣ〇㐀
㐀ᣐⅬ࡞࡝ࡢ᝟
᝟ሗ࡟㛵ࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ

ure 10 EFTA
A ࡀ⥾⤖ࡋࡓ 㸱㸳࠿ᅜࡢ㹄㹄㹒㸿⥾⤖ᅜ
Figu࣒࣮ࢬ࡞஺᥮
᥮ࡀྵࡲࢀ࡚
࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫ௻ᴗࡢࣟࢩ
ࢩࣗ♫ྥࡅ〇⸆㍺ฟࡢ
ࡢྛᅜẚ㍑

ࡢ࢚࢖ࢬ἞⒪⒪⸆㸦ࣇࢮ࢜ࣥ㸧ࠊࣀࣂࣝࢸࢸ࢕ࢫࡢ⬻⭘⭘⒆἞

ࡉࡽࡽ࡟ࠊ་⸆ရࡣࡣㄆドつไࡢ ၥ㢟ࡀ」㞧࡛࡛࠶ࡾࡇࡢᙳ

⒪⸆(࢔ࣇ࢕ࢽࢺ࣮ࣝ)ࡀࡑ
ࡑࢀࡒࢀ㸰㸮㸮㸱ᖺ࡜㸰㸮㸮㸯㡪ࡀࡀ⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡓ
ࡓࡵࠊ㧗⣭᫬
᫬ィࡢ㍺ฟ࡟ࡘ
ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶᢎㄆไᗘ࡟ࡼ
ࡼࡾ㹄㹂㸿ㄆドドࢆྲྀᚓࡋ࡚࠸ࡇ
㸮ᖺ࡟㎿㏿ᢎ

Fig.1
11 ࡢ㏻ࡾ་⸆
⸆ရ࡜ྠᵝࡢ⪃⪃ᐹࢆࡋࡓࠋࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ㧗

࡜࠿ࡽࠊSwisssmedic ࡜ FD
DA ࡢ MOU ⥾⤖࡜⡿ᅜྥ⥾ࡅ〇⣭⭎⭎᫬ィࡣ EFTAA ࡢ FTA ⥾⤖⤖ᅜ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡿ㤶㤶 ྥࡅࢆྵ

⸆㍺ฟࡀቑຍ
ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿྍ
ྍ⬟ᛶࡀ࠶ࡿ࡜
࡜ᤊ࠼௚ᅜࡢ⡿ᅜࡵࡓࡓ㹄㹒㸿⥾⤖ᅜᅜྥࡅ࡟ቑຍຍࡀぢࡽࢀࡿࠋ

ྥࡅ〇⸆㍺ฟ
ฟ࡜ࡢẚ㍑ࢆ
ࢆ⾜ࡗࡓࠋ⤖ᯝ
ᯝࠊFig.4 ࡟♧♧ࡋࡓ
㏻ࡾ⡿ᅜྥࡅࡅ་⸆ရ㍺ฟ
ฟࡢ᥎⛣࡛ࡣࠊࢻ࢖ࢶࡀࢫ࢖ࢫ
௨ୖ࡟ⴭࡋ࠸
࠸ఙࡧࢆ♧ࡋ
ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾࠊࢹࣥ
࣐࣮ࣥࢡࡶ㔞
㔞ࡣᑡ࡞࠸ࡀቑຍࡀࡀぢࡽࢀࡓ(FFig.9)ࠋ

ure11 ࢫ࢖ࢫࢫࡢ㧗⣭᫬ィࡢ
ࡢ㍺ฟඛู᥎
᥎⛣Figuࡇࢀࢀ࡟㛵ࡋࢻ࢖ࢶ
ࢶࡢ㧗⣭᫬ィ
ィࡢ㍺ฟඛู᥎
᥎⛣ࢆぢࡓ࡜
ࡇࢁ
ࢁࠊFig.12 ࡟♧♧ࡋࡓ㏻ࡾ㹃㹄
㹄㹒㸿ࡢ㹄㹒
㹒㸿ࡢᜠᜨࢆ
ཷࡅࡅ࡞࠸ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛
࡛ࡶࡢቑຍࡀ☜☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
Figurre 9 ⡿ᅜྥࡅ〇⸆㍺ฟࡢ
ࡢྛᅜẚ㍑
ࡲࡓ EFTAA ࡜ࡋ࡚⥾⤖⤖ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ㸱㸳
㸳࠿ᅜ࡜ࡢ⮬⏤㈠
᫆༠ᐃࡀࢫ࢖
࢖ࢫࡢ་⸆ရ
ရ㍺ฟ࡜ࡢ㛵ಀಀᛶ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡶ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࠋ㹃㹄
㹄㹒㸿ࡣ 1991 ᖺ㹼2014 ᖺࡲ࡛ࡢᮇ㛫࡟ᖺ࡟㸱㸳࠿ᅜ࡜㹄㹒
㹒㸿ࢆ⥾⤖ࡋ
ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿxivࠋFiig.10 ࡟ࢫ࢖ࢫࢫ࡜㹃㹓㸱࠿ᅜࡢ
ࡢ㹃㹄㹒㸿࣭㹄㹒㸿⥾⤖ᅜᅜྥࡅ〇⸆㍺㍺ฟࡢ
Figu
ure 12 ࢻ࢖ࢶࢶࡢ㧗⣭᫬ィ
ィࡢ㍺ฟඛู᥎
᥎⛣᥎⛣ࢆ♧ࡋࡓ
ࡓࠋ⤖ᯝࢻ࢖ࢶࠊࣇࣛࣥࢫ
ࢫࠊࢹ࣐࣮ࣥࢡ࡛
ࡶ㹃㹄㹒㸿࣭㹄㹒㸿⥾⤖⤖ᅜྥࡅ㍺ฟࡣ
ࡣቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ

௨ୖࡢ⪃ᐹ࠿ࡽ
௨ࡽࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ≉≉᭷ࡢእ஺࣏ࢪ
ࢪࢩࣙࣥࡣࢫ

ࢀࡓࠋ࡜ࡀ☜ㄆࡉࢀ

࢖ࢫࢫࡢ୺ຊ〇ရ࡛
࡛࠶ࡿ་⸆ရ ࡸ㧗⣭᫬ィࡢࡢ㍺ฟࡢఙࡧ
࡟ᙉᙉ࠸ᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼
࠼࡚࠸ࡿ࡜ࡣ
ࡣ⪃࠼࡟ࡃࡃࠊ㹃㹄㹒㸿࡟ࡘ࠸࠸࡚ࡶ⥾⤖ࡋࡓ
ࡓ㸱㸳࠿ᅜ࡜ ࡢ㹄㹒㸿ࡀᙳᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼࡚
࠸ࡿࡿ࡜ࡣゝ࠸㞴࠸࠸⤖ᯝ࡛࠶ࡗ ࡓࠋࡓࡔࡋࠊᮏ◊✲࡛ࡣ࠶ࡃࡲ࡛㍺ฟ୺ຊຊ〇ရ࡛࠶ࡿໟ
ရ࡜㧗⣭᫬ィໟ⿦῭་⸆ရ
࠸࠺௜ຍ౯್ࡢ
ࡢ㧗࠸〇ရࡢ ࡳ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚⪃⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡶࡢ
࡜࠸࡛࠶࠶ࡾࠊẚ㍑ⓗ௜௜ຍ౯್ࡀపప࠸〇ရ࡟ࡘ࠸
࠸࡚ࡢ⪃ᐹ࡟
5࡞࠸ࠋࡲࡓࠊእ஺࣏ࢪࢩࣙ
ࣙࣥ࡟ࡼࡿ᫂ࡽ࠿
ࡣ⾜ࡗ࡚࠸࡞
࡞ᙳ㡪ࡣ☜ㄆ
ㄆࡉࢀ࡞࠿ࡗ
ࡗࡓࡀࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡢ་⸆ရ⏘⏘ᴗࡣᡂຌࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡿࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࠊ࠸ࢃࡤ≉ᐃࢭࢭࢡࢱ࣮࡟≉≉᭷ࡢ➇தຊࢆ㑅ᢥ
ᢥⓗ࡟⫱࡚ࡿ
ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀᅜᐙࣞ
࡛ࣞ࣋ࣝᡂࡋ㐙ࡆࡽࢀࠊ࠿ࡘࡑ
ࡑࢀࡀᅜࡢ᪉
᪉㔪࡜ࡋ࡚ᑐእ
እⓗᕷሙᣑ኱኱ࡢ㊰⥺࡟㐺ྜࡋࡓ
ࡓ᫬ࠊᅜ࡜ࡋ
ࡋ࡚⚽࡛ࡓ➇ததຊࢆࡶࡘࡇ࡜ࡀ
࡛ࡁࡿ࡜࠺ྍ
ྍ⬟ᛶࢆ⿬௜
௜ࡅ࡚ࡣ࠸ࡿࡶ
ࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
(2) R&D ᚑ஦஦⪅ࡀᑡ࡞࠸Ⅼࡢ⪃ᐹ
 Pecoraro [112]ࡣࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡢእ஺ேປാ
ാ⪅ᨻ⟇ࡀࢫ࢖ࢫࡀᚲせ࡞ேᮦ
ᮦࢆྲྀࡾධࢀ
ࢀࡿ㝿ࡢࢡ࢜ࣜ
ࣜࣇ࢕ࢣ࣮ࢩ
ࢩࣙࣥ
ࡢᨵၿ࡟㈉⊩⊩ࡋࡓࡔࢁ࠺࡜㏙࡭࡚࠸ࡿࡿࠋࢫ࢖ࢫࡢᨻᨻ⟇ࡣᇶᮏⓗⓗ࡟㟂せ୺ᑟᆺ
ᆺ࡛࠶ࡾࠊ㧗
㧗࠸ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣢࡘປ
ປാ⪅࡬ࡢ㟂
㟂せࡀ≌ᘬࡋ࡚
࡚ࡁ࡚࠸ࡿࠋ㸯㸷㸴㸮ᖺ௦࡟ධ
ධࡿ࡜࢖ࢱࣜ࢔ேປാ⪅ࢆࢆ࣮ࣟࢸࣥࢩ
ࢩࣙࣥ᪉ᘧ୍࡛ᐃᮇ
ᮇ㛫᥇⏝ࡍࡿ
ࡿ᪉ᘧࡀ᥇ࡽࢀ
ࢀࡓࡀࠊࡑࡢᚋ࢖
ࢱࣜ࢔ᨻᗓ࠿
࠿ࡽⱞゝࢆཷ
ཷࡅ⁫ᅾᮇ㛫ࡀࡀᘏ㛗ࡉࢀࡿ࡞࡝
ࡢಟṇ࡟ࡼࡿࡿつไ⦆࿴ࡀ
ࡀ⾜ࢃࢀࡓࡶࡢ
ࡢࡢࠊ㸯㸷㸵㸮ᖺ௦ࡢ࢜࢖ࣝࢩ
ࢩࣙࢵࢡ࡟ࡼࡼࡿ⤒῭༴ᶵ࡟
࡟ࡼࡾࠊ኱㔞
㔞ࡢ⛣Ẹࡀ͆᤼ฟ͇
͇ࡉࢀࡿࡇ࡜࡟࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
Table. 2 ࢫ࢖ࢫ⛣Ẹᨻ⟇ࢫ⟇ࡢኚ㑄 [166] [17]ࡋ࠿ࡋࠊ࢜࢖࢖ࣝࢩࣙࢵࢡᚋ
ᚋࡣ෌ࡧປാ
ാຊࡀᚲせ࡜࡞
࡞ࡾࠊ෌ࡧ⛣Ẹປാ
ാ⪅ࡀᚲせ࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊࡇ
ࡇࡢ᫬࡟ධࡗ࡚ࡁ
ࡓࡢࡣࢫ࣌࢖
࢖ࣥࠊ࣏ࣝࢺ࢞ࣝࠊࢺࣝࢥ
ࢥ⣔⛣Ẹࡀከ
ከࡃࠊ

1 ᖺᗘࡢࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡢປാᕷሙ
ሙ࡛ࡣ⣙㸰㸶㸣
㸣ࡀእᅜே
2011ࢫ࢟ࣝࡢࢠࣕ
ࣕࢵࣉ࡟ࡼࡿ
ࡿ࣑ࢫ࣐ࢵࢳࡀࡀ㉳ࡁࡓࠋປാാ⪅࡟ࡼࡗ࡚༨
༨ࡵࡽࢀ࡚࠾ ࡾࠊᕤᴗ㒊㛛㛛࡛ࡣ඲ປാ ࡑࡢᚋ㸯㸷㸷㸮ᖺ௦๓๓༙ࡢ᫬௦࡟ࡣ
ࡣ⛣Ẹປാ⪅⪅ࡢኻࡢ⣙⣙㸱㸵㸣ࠊࢧ࣮
࣮ࣅࢫ㒊㛛࡛
࡛ࡣ඲ປാࡢ⣙⣙㸰㸴㸣ࡀእ

ࠊ♫఍⚟♴࡞
࡞࡝ࡢ㈇ᢸࡣྛ
ྛᕞࡀᣢࡘࡇ࡜࡟
ᴗࡀቑຍࡋࠊ

ᅜேே࡛ᵓᡂࡉࢀ࡚
࡚࠸ࡿ [18]ࠋᕤᴗ㒊㛛࡛ാാࡃእᅜேປ

࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡓࡓ
ࡓࡵࠊᕞ࠿ࡽ
ࡽ㐃㑥ᨻᗓ࡟ᑐ
ᑐࡋ࡚ἲᨵṇṇࡢせാ⪅⪅ࡢ࠺ࡕ⣙㸴㸶
㸶㸣ࡀ㹃㹓ࡲ ࡓࡣ㹃㹄㹒㸿㸿ຍ┕ᅜฟ㌟ồࡀᙉࡲࡗࡓ
ࡓࠋࡇࢀ࡟ࡼ
ࡼࡾࠊ㸯㸷㸷㸯
㸯ᖺ࡟㐃㑥ᨻ
ᨻᗓࡣ࡛࠶࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ⣙༙༙ศࢆࢻ࢖ࢶ ே㸦26.5%㸧࡜࢖ࢱࣜ࢔

ࠕࢫ࣮ࣜࢧ࣮
࣮ࢡ࣭ࣝࣔࢹ
ࢹࣝࠖ࡜࿧ࢇࡔ
ࡔ⛣Ẹᑂᰝ᪉
᪉ἲࢆே㸦223.0㸣㸧ࡀ༨ࡵࡵ࡚࠾ࡾࢻ࢖ࢶ
ࡀ┠❧ࡘ [18]ࠋ
ࠋࢶேࡢከࡉࡀ

ᑟධࡋࡓࠋࢫ
ࢫ࣮ࣜࢧ࣮ࢡ࣭ࣝࣔࢹ࡛ࣝ
࡛ࡣࠊ➨୍ඃ
ඃඛࢆࡲࡓࡓࠊእᅜேປാ
ാ⪅࡛኱Ꮫ࣭ 㧗➼⫋ᴗᩍ⫱⫱㸦➨㸱ࣞ࣋Ḣᕞ⤒῭㡿ᇦ
ᇦ㸦㹃㹃㸿㸧ᅜ࡜ࡋ㹃㹃㸿㸿ᅪෆ࡟࠾࠸࡚㐺ࣝᩍᩍ⫱㸧ࢆཷࡅࡓ
ࡓእᅜேࡢᅜู
ᅜูࡢᩘ࡛ࡣࢻ
ࢻ࢖ࢶேࡀ༢

ษ࡞ேᮦࡀぢぢࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸
࠸ሙྜࡣࠊ➨஧஧ඃඛ࡜ࡋ࡚ࢫ࢖

୍࡛࡛ࡣ᭱ࡶከ࠸xvv(Fig.13)ࠋ

ࢫேࡢ⛣Ẹࢆ
ࢆཷࡅධࢀ࡚
࡚࠸ࡿ┦ᡭᅜ࡛
࡛࠶ࡿ⡿ᅜࠊ࢝ࢼ
ࢲࠊ࣮࢜ࢫࢺࣛࣜ࢔ࠊࢽ
ࢽ࣮ࣗࢪ࣮ࣛࣥ
ࣥࢻ࠿ࡽ㐺ษษ࡞ேࡑࢀ࡛ࡶぢࡘ
ࡘ࠿ࡽ࡞࠸ሙྜ
ྜࡣୖグ௨እ
እࡢᅜᮦࢆ᥈ࡋࠊࡑ
࠿ࡽ᥈ࡍ࡜࠸
࠸࠺ἲᚊࢆไ
ไᐃࡋࡓࠋࡇࡢ
ࡢ⤖ᯝࠊ඲⛣⛣Ẹࡢ㸯㸳㸣ࢆ༨ࡵ
ࡵ࡚࠸ࡓ࣮ࣘ
࣮ࢦࢫࣛࣅ࢔ே
ேࡢ⛣Ẹࡣᅔ㞴㞴࡜࡞ࡗࡓࡀࠊே
ே✀ᕪู࡛࠶
࠶ࡿ࡜ࡢᢈุࢆ
ࢆཷࡅࠊ㸯㸷㸷㸶
ᖺ࡟㹃㹓࡜ࡑ
ࡑࢀ௨እࡢᅜ
ᅜ࡟ศࡅࡓࢹࣗ
ࣗ࢔ࣝࣔࢹࣝ
ࣝ࡬࡜ಟṇࡍࡿࠋࡑ
ࡑࡢᚋࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡣᅜẸᢞ⚊࡟࡟ࡼࡾḢᕞ⤒⤒῭㡿ᇦ㸦㹃㹃㸿㸧
㸧࡬ࡢຍධࡀ
ࡀྰỴ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
ࡓࡓࡵࠊࢫ࢖ࢫࡣ
⤖ᯝⓗ࡟㹃㹓
㹓࡜஧ᅜ㛫༠
༠ᐃ㸦㹀㹧㸫㹊
㹊㹟㹲㹣㹰㹟㹪㸧

Figure 13 ࢫ࢖ࢫᅜෆࡢ➨㸱㸱ࣞ࣋ࣝᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅࡓእ

༠ᐃࢆ⤖ࡧࠊ
ࠊࠕேࡢ⮬⏤࡞
࡞⛣ືࠖ༠ᐃࢆ
ࢆ⤖ࡪ࡜ࠊ㹃㹓ᅪᩘ㸦2005 ᖺ㸧ᅜேࡢฟ㌟ᅜูᩘ
R&&D ࡟༨ࡵࡿࢫ࢖ࢫேࡢᑡ
ᑡ࡞ࡉ࡜࠸࠺ⅬⅬ࡜እᅜேෆ࠿ࡽࡢ⛣Ẹ
Ẹࡀቑຍࡍࡿ
ࡿ⤖ᯝ࡜࡞ࡗࡓ
ࡓ(Table.2)ࠋ

ࡢ㛵㛵ಀ࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡣࠊFig.14 ࡟♧♧ࡉࢀࡿࡼ࠺
࠺࡟እᅜேࡀ
㹐㸤㸤㹂㒊㛛ࢆᢸ࠺
࠺๭ྜࡣቑຍ
ຍࡢഴྥ࡟࠶ࡿ
ࡿⅬ࠿ࡽࠊᙼ
6ேࡢ௦ࢃࡾ࡜࡞ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿ࡜
࡜ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊ
ࡽࡀࢫ࢖ࢫே

ୖࡢ⪃ᐹ࠿ࡽࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ࡛ࡣ
ࡣ㹐㸤㹂ᚑ஦⪅⪅࡟࠾ࡅࡿࢫ
௨ୖ㧗➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷ
ཷࡅࡓእᅜே
ேࡢ๭ྜ࡟ࢻ࢖
࢖ࢶேࡀከ࠸ࡇ࡜

࢖ࢫࢫேࡢ๭ྜࡣῶ
ῶᑡഴྥ࡟࠶ ࡿࡀࠊ௦ࢃࡾ
ࡾ࡟㧗࠸ࢫ࢟

࠿ࡽࠊ㹐㸤㹂
㹂㒊㛛ࡢእᅜ
ᅜேࡢከࡃࡣࢻ
ࢻ࢖ࢶே࡛࠶ࡿ࡜

ࣝࢆࢆᣢࡘእᅜேࡀ
ࡀቑຍࡋ࡚࠸ ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀ᫂ࡽ
ࡽ࠿࡜࡞ࡗࡓࠋ
ࠋ᝿ᐃࡉࢀࡿࠋ
ࠋࡲࡓࡓࠊእᅜே࡟ᚑ
ᚑ஦ࡍࡿእᅜ
ᅜேࡢฟ㌟ᅜ࡜
࡜ࡋ࡚᭱ࡶከ࠸࡜᥎ ࡉࢀࡿࡢ
ࡢࡣࢻ࢖ࢶே
ே࡛࠶ࡾࠊࡑࡢ
ࡢ⫼ᬒⓗせᅉ
ࡋ࡚ẚ㍑ⓗ㧗࠸࠸⤥ᩱࡸ⎔ቃ
ቃࡢⰋࡉ࡞࡝ࡀ
ࡀ࠶ࡿࡶࡢ࡜
࡜ࡋ
⪃࠼
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࠋ
7.

⤖ゝ

ࢫ࢖
࢖ࢫࡀ㹃㹓㠀
㠀ຍ┕࡛࠶ࡾ㹃㹃㹄㹒㸿ຍ┕ᅜ࡛࠶ࡿ࡜
࠸࠺ᅜ㝿㛵ಀ࡟࠾
࠾ࡅࡿ≉᭷ࡢ ࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥࡀ
ࡀᙳ㡪ࢆ୚࠼
࠸ࡿ࠿⪃ᐹࡋࡓ
ࡓࠋᮏ◊✲࡛
࡛ࡣ≉᭷ࡢእ஺
஺࣏ࢪࢩࣙࣥ
࡚࠸

xvi
Figure 144 ࢫ࢖ࢫᅜෆ
ෆࡢእᅜே㹐
㹐㸤㹂ᚑ஦⪅xvࡢᙳᙳ㡪ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀ
ࢀ࡞࠿ࡗࡓࡶ ࡢࡢࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ
ࢫࡢ་⸆ရࡣ

㧗࠸ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆ
ࢆᣢࡘࢻ࢖ࢶ
ࢶேࡢࢫ࢖ࢫ࣊
࣊ࡢὶධࡀ㉳㉳ࡁ࡚ࢫ࢖ࢫࡀ㹃㹓㠀ຍຍ┕࡛࠶ࡾ࡞ ࡀࡽࡶ㧗࠸㍺㍺ฟ➇தຊࢆ࠸ࡿせᅉࡣ࠸
࠸ࡃࡘ࠿⪃࠼
࠼ࡽࢀࡿࡀࠊྠ
ྠ୍⫋࡛ࡢᖺ
ᖺ㛫⤥ࡗ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡣ
ࡣ☜ㄆࡉࢀࡓࠋ
ࠋࡇࢀࡣࠊࢫ
ࢫ࢖ࢫ࡟࡜ࡗ
ᣢࡗ୚ࡀࢫ࢖ࢫ࡜
࡜ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡛ࡣ
ࡣ኱ࡁࡃࡇ࡜࡞
࡞ࡿࡇ࡜ࡀせせᅉ࡜࡚ࡣࡣࠊ㹃㹓ຍ┕ࡀࡀࡶࡓࡽࡍ஺஺΅ࡢࢫࢣ࣮ࣝ
࣭࣓ࣝࣜࢵࢺ

ࡋ࡚⪃࠼ࡽࢀࢀࡿ(Fig.15)ࠋࢫ࢖ࢫ㐃㑥ᕤᕤ⛉኱Ꮫࡢࢻ࢖ࢶ

࡞࡝࡝ࡀ୙せࡔࡗࡓ
ࡓ࡜࠸࠺ࡇ࡜ ࡛ࡶ࠶ࡾࠊᏙ
Ꮩ❧ࡋ࡚࠸ࡿ

ேᩍᤵ࡬ࡢࣄ
ࣄ࢔ࣜࣥࢢ࡛
࡛ࡶ኱Ꮫᩍᤵࡢ
ࡢ⤥ᩱࡣࢻ࢖ࢶࡢࡼ࠺࡟ぢ࠼࡚ࠊ㹃㹃㹓࡟ᒓࡍࡿ ᅜ࡜ྠ➼ࡢ᮲᮲௳ࢆ຾ࡕྲྀ

㸱ಸ࡜ࡢពぢぢࡀከ࠿ࡗࡓ
ࡓࡇ࡜࠿ࡽࡶࠊࢻ࢖ࢶேࡀࢫ࢖

⫱࡚ࡿࡇ࡜࡟ᡂ
ᡂຌࡋࡓ࡜ゝ
ゝ࠼ࡿࠋࡾࠊᡂ㛗⏘ᴗࢆ⫱ࢫ࡟ὶධࡋ࡚
࡚ࡃࡿ⫼ᬒ㧗
㧗࠸⤥୚ࡀ࠶ࡿ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼ࡽࢀ

௚ࢫࡣᆅ⌮ⓗ࡟ 㹃㹓ࡢ୰ᚰ࡟࡟࠸ࡿࡇ࡜ࡢ ௚᪉࡛ࠊࢫ࢖ࢫ

ࡿࠋ฼┈┈ࢆேᮦࡢά⏝⏝ᨻ⟇࡟࠾࠸ ࡚ாཷࡋ࡚࠸
࠸ࡿࠋ㹅㹂㹎
࡟༨༨ࡵࡿ㹐㸤㹂ᢞ
ᢞ㈨㢠ࡣẚ㍑㍑ⓗ㧗࠸Ỉ‽࡟࡟࠶ࡿࡀࠊࢫ
࢖ࢫࢫேࡢ㹐㸤㹂ேேᮦࡀᑡ࡞࠸ Ⅼࢆ⪃ᐹࡋࡓࡓ⤖ᯝࠊࢻ࢖
ࢶேேࢆ୰ᚰ࡟㧗➼➼ᩍ⫱ࢆཷࡅ ࡓேᮦࡀࢫ࢖
࢖ࢫே࡟௦ࢃ
ࡗ࡚࡚ᛴ⃭࡟㹐㸤㹂
㹂㒊㛛࡟ቑຍ
ຍࡋ࡚࠸ࡿࡇ࡜
࡜ࡀ᝿ᐃࡉࢀ
ࡿࠋ㹐㸤㹂ᢞ㈨ࡣ
ࡣ〇⸆㒊㛛ࡀ᭱
᭱ࡶከ࠸ࡇ࡜
࡜࠿ࡽࠊࢫ࢖
ࡢ་⸆ရ⏘ᴗࡣ
ࡣ≉࡟ࢻ࢖ࢶ ேࢆ୰ᚰ࡜ࡋ
ࡋࡓ㧗ࢫ࢟ࣝ
ࢫࡢࡸ▱▱㆑ࢆᣢࡘእᅜ
ᅜே࡟ࡼࡗ࡚ ᢸࢃࢀ࡚࠸ࡿ
ࡿࡶࡢ࡜⪃࠼

Figure 15 ࢫࢫ࢖ࢫ࡜ࢻ࢖ࢶ࡟࠾ࡅࡿ㹐㹐㸤㹂㛵㐃ୖ⣭⣭⫋ࡽࢀࢀࡿࠋࡲࡓࠊࡇ
ࡇࡢࡼ࠺࡞㧗
㧗࠸ࢫ࢟ࣝࢆᣢ
ᣢࡘࢻ࢖ࢶே

୰ᚰ್ẚ㍑xviiiࡢ⤥୚୰ࡀࢫࢫ࢖ࢫ࡟ቑຍࡍࡍࡿせᅉࡣࠊ┦┦ᑐⓗ࡟㧗࠸
࠸ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ⤥
୚ỈỈ‽ࡀ࠶ࡿࠋ

㢠࡟ࡘ࠸࡚ࡣ
ࡣ㸵๭ࡀẸ㛫࡛࡛⾜ࢃࢀ࡚࠾ࡾࠊ
㹐㸤㹂ᢞ㈨㢠
ࡑࡢ୰࡛ࡶ〇〇⸆⏘ᴗࡀ㸲㸲㸣(2012 ᖺ)࡜᭱ࡶከ࠸
ᖺ[11]ࠋ
ࡲࡓࠊẸ㛫௻
௻ᴗࡢศ㔝ู
ู㹐㸤㹂ᚑ஦⪅⪅ᩘࢆぢࡿ࡜እᅜ ௨ୖࡢ⪃ᐹ࠿ࡽ௨ࡽࠊࢫ࢖ࢫࡣఏ
ࡣఏ⤫ⓗ࡟ᙉ࠸
࠸ᶵᲔ⏘ᴗࡢ
ࡳ࡞࡞ࡽࡎࠊᡂ㛗⏘⏘ᴗ࡛࠶ࡿ་⸆
་⸆ရ࡟࠾࠸࡚
࡚ࡶࠊ≉࡟ࢻ
࢖ࢶࢶࡢ㧗࠸ࢫ࢟ࣝ
ࣝࡸ▱㆑ࢆᣢ
ᣢࡗࡓእᅜேࢆ
ࢆྲྀࡾධࢀࡿ

ேࡀከ࠸ࡢࡣ
ࡣ〇⸆㒊㛛ࡀ
ࡀ㸲㸵㸣࡜⣙༙༙ᩘ࡟㐩ࡋ࡚࠾ࡾ

ࡇ࡜࡛ࠊࢻ࢖ࢶ➼➼ࡢ EU ࡢ኱ᅜᅜ࡟༉ᩛࡍࡿ
ࡿࣞ࣋ࣝ࡟⮬

᭱ࡶከ࠸(Figg.16)ࠋ

ࡢ་⸆ရ⏘ᴗࢆ
ࢆᡂ㛗ࡉࡏ࡚ ࠸ࡿࠋ
ᅜࡢ
ཧ⪃
⪃ᩥ⊩
[1] A. Subramaniian , M. Kessleer, ͆The Hypeerglobalizationn
of Trade and Its
I Future. Worrking Paper Seeries.,͇ The
Peterson Instittute for Internaational Econom
mics,
2013:13-6.
Globalization anda the Small[2] Hogenbirk A & Narula R., G
Economy, Edw
ward Elgar, 19998.

Figure 16 ࢫࢫ࢖ࢫᅜෆࡢ
ࡢ⏘ᴗู㹐㸤㹂㹂ᚑ஦⪅ᩘ7

[3] ⱥ. ཭ᐤ, ࠕᅜ㝿➇தຊࠖ࡜ࡣఱ࠿㸹㈤㔠࣭㞠⏝ࠊ

without Multicultural Policies?,͇ ⴭ: In " Theἲே⛯ࠊ㹒㹎㹎ࢆ⪃࠼ࡿ, ࠿ࡶࡀࢃฟ∧, 2011.

Multiculturalism Backlash European discourses,
Policies and Practicies", V. Steven , W. Susanne, ඹྠ[4] ࢫ࢖ࢫ㈠᫆᣺⯆఍, ͆஦ᴗᒎ㛤ࣁࣥࢻࣈࢵࢡ㸹ࣅࢪ⦅㞟, UK, Routledge, 20, pp. 3-11.

ࢿࢫᣐⅬ࡜ࡋ࡚ࡢࢫ࢖ࢫ,͇ 2012-4.

[17] B. Leonhard, L. Thomas , S.-P. Alfonso, ͆Migration[5] ࢫ࢖ࢫබඹᨺ㏦༠఍(Swissinfo), ͆ࢫ࢖ࢫࡢ୰ᑠ௻
ᴗ㸹ᑠࡉ࠸ࡅࢀ࡝ᅜ㝿ⓗ,͇ 2011-04-30. [࢜ࣥࣛ࢖Policy and Industry Structure in Switzerland,͇

ࣥ]. Available: http://www.swissinfo.ch/jpn/. [࢔ࢡࢭUniversity of St. Gallen, Switzerland, 2005.
[18] Swiss Federal Department of Home Affairs,

ࢫ᪥: 2014-07-02].

͆Statistical Data on Switzerland 2012,͇Swiss Federal[6] Credit Suisse, ͆Success Factors for Swiss SMEs,͇

Statistical Office, 2012.

2014.

[19] M. K.-L. Loo, ͆Competitiveness:Top Five Nations[7] Booz & co., ͆A Renaissance at Risk,͇

Last Decade and Next Decade,͇ International Journal

Swiss-American Chamber of Commerce, 2010.

of Business and Management Studies, ➨ 1-3, pp.

[8] R. Auer , P. Saure, ͆CHF Strength and Swiss Export

391-412, 2012.

Performance-Evidence and Outlook From aὀ㔘Disaggregate Analysis,͇ The Study Center gerzensee,
2011.

i

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OECD (2013)
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World Economic Forum
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World Trade Organization (2014)v
World Trade Organization (2014)vi
እົ┬ HP
vii
OECD (2013)
viii
World Trade Organization (2014)
ix
The Observatory of Economic Complexity (2011)x
The Observatory of Economic Complexity (2011)
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Swiss Federal Statistics Office (2014)
xii
Swiss directorate for foreign affairs
xiii
FDA-Swissmedic Memorandum of Understanding(2009)
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European Free Trade Association (2014)
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OECD (2014)
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Swiss Federal Statistics Office (2014)
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Isues Paper,͇ International Monetary Fund Publication
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8