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Exploring Impacts of Manager and Industry Characteristics on Protection Motivation: Based on an
Enriched Protection Motivation Theory Model〇Namulun BORJIGIN, Ana Maria CRUZ
Introduction
In recent years, the chemical industry started paying

the threat appraisal and the coping appraisal of the PMT

more attention to preventing technological accidents

framework. Bubeck et al. [5] investigated how

during natural hazards (called Natech). However,socioeconomic

insufficient effort has been made to protect supply

experience affect flood-coping appraisal and foundchain continuity when facing the risk of natural hazards

insufficient relationships. However, Veeravalli et al. [9]in the chemical industry. For example, during the Noto

reported that business characteristics and flood

Peninsula earthquake on 1 January 2024 in Japan,

experience influence flood mitigation behavior.

severalPurposehazardous

materialreleases(including

characteristics

and

past

flood

hydrochloric acid [1], oil [2], and gas [3]) occurred dueThis research examines whether the characteristics

to ground shaking, although the releases were quicklyof the managers and the industries they work for havecontrolled, the supply chain disruption in some sectors

an impact on their supply chain protection motivation

may still be ongoing and affecting business partners

based on an enriched version of the protection

outside of the earthquake-affected area. Construction

motivation theory model. Four manager characteristics

companies in the affected areas indicated a desperate(role, current role experience, responsibility in supply

shortage of construction materials such as metal andchain, and past flood experience) and four industry

wires after the event [4][5]. A survey conducted aftercharacteristics (company size, multinational and non-the Noto Earthquake found that about 20% of 1225

multinational company, industrial sector, and location)companies realized the importance of formulating andwere selected to establish a series of hypotheses toreviewing their business continuity plan (BCP) [5].

explore their relationships with protection motivation.

Managers play critical roles in adopting proactive

Methodology

planning for catastrophic events in supply chains andData for the study was collected through an online

their motivation is the key to implementation [6].

questionnaire distributed to 161 chemical companies inHowever, many factors could affect their behavior andColombia, and 42 complete samples were used todecision-making. According to Renn [7], perception isconduct Multiple Linear Regression analysis on SPSS.

the primary driver. Borjigin et al. [8] proposed an

The general form of the linear equation used is:enriched protection motivation theory (PMT) modelYEpmtVar = f (role, current role experience, responsibility(see Figure 1) that examined how perceptual factors

in supply chain, past flood experience, company size,

influence managers’ protection motivation, includingmultinational

the perception of risk, costs, efficacy of the response,industrial sector, location).

self-efficacy, resources, and perceptions of otherResults

andnon-multinationalcompany,

factors that indicate cognitive biases. Other studies

The results show that protection motivation istested the impact of socio-psychological variables on

significantly related to roles, responsibilities in supply

chain, past flood experience, multinational companies,

factors that influence managers’ protection motivation.

and industrial sector. In threat appraisal, experiential

Reference[1] 日本放送協会. (2024, January 11). 富山 高岡の化学工場 地震で破損 一時 塩酸処理水が川に流出.
NHKニュース.
https://www3.nhk.or.jp/news/html/20240105/k100143
10271000.html[2] 朝日新聞デジタル. (2024, January 8). 志賀原発の前の海に油膜 北陸電「変圧器から漏れた油の可 能 性 高 い 」 . 朝 日 新 聞 デ ジ タ ル .
https://www.asahi.com/articles/ASS1771MKS17ULB
H00B.html[3] 令和 6 年能登半島地震に伴う被害について（1
月 8 日（月曜日）10:30 時点）. (2024, January 8). 経
済 産 業 省 . Retrieved January 17, 2024, fromhttps://www.meti.go.jp/press/2023/01/20240108001/20240108001.html[4] 坂口孝則. (2024, January 11). 能登地震のサプ
ライチェーン影響、700 社に緊急調査！「絶望的不足」に拍車がかかるモノとは？. ダイヤモンド・オンライン. https://diamond.jp/articles/-/337057[5] 能登半島地震の影響と防災に関する企業アンケート(「令和 6 年能登半島地震」関連調査). (n.d.TDB
EconomicOnline.
https://www.tdbdi.com/special-planning-survey/oq20240119.php[6] Knemeyer, A. M., Zinn, W., & Eroglu, C. (2009).
Proactive planning for catastrophic events in supply
chains. Journal of operations management, 27(2), 141153.
[7] Renn, O. (2017). Risk governance: coping withuncertainty in a complex world. Routledge[8] Borjigin, N., Cruz, A. M., Orduz, L. P., GARCIA
MENESES J. A., & MESA SIERRA J. (2023risk perception is influenced by industrial sector;
affective risk perception is influenced by manager
roles; while deliberative risk perception is not related
to any characteristics in this study.
In coping appraisal, resource deficiency is found tobe significantly affected by current role experience,company size, multinational and non-multinational
companies, as well as industrial sector; response
efficiency is influenced by flood experience, industrial
sector and location; response costs are affected bycurrent role experience; however, there are no factors
found related to self-efficacy. Regarding cognitive
biases, optimistic bias is related with current role
experience and multinational and non-multinational
companies; normalcy bias is related to responsibilities
in supply chain and industrial sector. On the other hand,
there was no relationship found between the illusion ofcontrol, short-termism and loss aversion to manager
characteristics.

Figure 1

Conclusion
To conclude, industrial sector is found to be related
to the highest number of variables in the model (five).
That is to say, managers from different industrial
sectors showed distinctive cognitive processes in termsof supply chain protection motivation when facing therisk of flood-related Natech accidents. Besides, current
roleexperience

andmultinationalandnon-multinational companies are found to be the strongest

December 14th). Investigating Supply Chain
Protection Motivation Regarding Flood-related
Natechs Among Managers in Colombia’s Chemical
Industry. [Poster Presentation] AGU Annual Meeting2023. San Francisco, CA, United States.
[9] Veeravalli, S. G., Chereni, S., Sliuzas, R. V., Flacke,J., & Maarseveen, M. (2022). Factors influencing flood
damage mitigation among micro and small businesses
in Kampala, Uganda. International Journal of Disaster
Risk Reduction, 82, 103315.
[10] Bubeck, P., Wouter Botzen, W. J., Laudan, J., Aerts,
J. C., & Thieken, A. H. (2018). Insights into flood‐coping appraisals of protection motivation theory:
Empirical evidence from Germany and France. Riskanalysis, 38(6), 1239-1