BCP targeting local governments and small and medium-sized enterprises

Strengthening of local DRR information infrastructure by using cutting-edge technology
such as satellite imagery and ICT equipments.

2-2. Promotion of World tsunami awareness day
2-2-1. Background of ADRC Tsunami DRR workshops
Based on the UN Resolution designating November 5th as the World Tsunami Awareness Day, anew series of awareness raising activities have been initiated by UNISDR, government of Japan,and many other relevant countries and international organizations. ADRC, together with Cabinet
Office had long been undertaken Tsunami DRR since the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 bydispatching teams to investigate the damages in collaborating with ADRC counterparts andpublished awareness raising material of “Inamurano-hi” in more than 10 languages.
In order to further promote tsunami DRR and the World Tsunami Awareness Day, in the fiscal
year 2016, two workshops on tsunami DRR were held, one in Lima, Peru and another in Krabi,
Thailand for the purpose of sharing lessons learnt from tsunami in the past and discussing futurechallenges towards effective tsunami disaster risk reduction through multi-sectoral andinter-disciplinary efforts.The former highlighted effects of tsunami on economy and supply chain as
well as tsunami DRR policies, while the latter addressed the challenges at local and community
level facing tsunami.

2-2-2. Workshop focusing on tsunami DRR policies at national
level Tsunami Disaster Risk Reduction in APEC economies
The workshop was organized by ADRC in collaboration with INDECI, Peru and Cabinet Office,Japan, back to back APEC emergency preparedness working grope, EPWG meeting during August
15-16, in Lima.The purpose of the workshop included:
1) Identifying the status of anti-tsunami policies and measures2) Discussing major challenges
3) Strengthening partnership with private sector in promoting anti-tsunami measures.
It was attended by USA, Vietnam, Chile, Philippines, Chinese Taipei, Thailand as well as Peru
and Japan. Participants discussed awide range of tsunami DRR policies,challenges and trans border effects
through supply chain. Private sectorin Peru and JICA also provided
inputs on their tsunami DRR efforts.
Fig. 2-2-1 Photo on Conference122. Highlights of 2016/2017
Session 1: Anti-Tsunami measures by APEC region: Sharing experiences
The first Session, chaired by Mr. Salonga, Office of Civil Defence, Philippines explored tsunami
DRR policies including those of Peru, Thailand, Chile, as well as Japan. From Peru, majoranti-tsunami measures focusing on non-structural measures taken in Peru were reported by Ms.
Gomez Bolivar, INDECI, followed by a presentation on the National Tsunami Warning System inPeru, including Tsunami numerical modelling software and automated software for dissemination
by Mr. Vásquez Gianella, Direction of Hydrography and Navigation, DHN.
Mr. Pinta, DDPM, Thailand then shared with the participants the lessons learnt from the IndianOcean Tsunami, 2004 and tsunami warning system and policy measures established after thedisaster. DDPM announced also about another tsunami workshop scheduled in Krabi in September(See 2-2-2.).
Ms. S. Bustos, ONEMI, Chile first summarized the emergency Actions and responsibilities ofNational Seismological Centre (CSN) and Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the ChileanNavy (SHOA) as well as ONEMI and explained about its Integrated System of Forecast andTsunami Warnings (SIPAT) Developed between 2012- 2015 by Universidad Técnica Federico SantaMaría and SHOA, which can provide Tsunami estimation based in pre–modelled events in a very
short time. The national territory of Chile is divided according its threat level. She also referred to
the National Policy for DRM and a guidance framework todevelop an integrated DRM across sectoral policies.
ADRC then reported Anti-Tsunami measures defined
after the severe experiences of the Great East Japan
Earthquake covering both structural and non-structuralmeasuresforprevention,preparedness,emergency

response, recovery and BBB. At the end of the 1st session,
Ms. Morikawa, JICA Perú Office presented anti-Tsunami
measures in Asian Pacific region undertaken by JICA.

Fig. 2-2-2 Photo on Conference

Session 2: Collaboration with private sector facing Tsunami Disaster Reduction
The second session was moderated by Dr. Li Weisen, Secretary General, National Science&
Technology Center for Disaster Reduction and discussed public-private collaboration based first on
the presentation on the NOAA Tsunami Warning System made by Ms. Fischer, Principal APEC
Coordinator & Economic Policy Advisor. She briefed also about NOAA tsunami programme
including outreach and Education to improve community awareness.
Mrs. R. Grijalba, National Society of Industries, SNI, Perú then talked about SNI activities of theWorking group of business support for disaster including works with National Fisheries Associationand the efforts in favour of the communities near the coast. Mr. Ninanya, Head of IT Strategy andMr. Rebolledo, Responsible for the Administration and SST from Toyota, Peru commented on it
from the viewpoint of the private sector located in Peru from their experiences.

13Major comments and opinion
A roundtable followed by the presentations discussed priorities of anti-tsunami measures raised
throughout two sessions. A mega tsunami may bring about significant impacts on Asia Pacificregion directly and through supply chain that could affect world economy as well. In order to facemega tsunami, local participation is a key. In Peru, it was pointed out that many people remain
living in disaster prone areas unaware of the risks of tsunami. A whole of community approach isimportant facing tsunami disasters including both local people and non-residents, visitors towards
tsunami awareness. Early warning system is another point of discussion that cannot work if people
do not respond to the alert. Tsunami DRR is a challenge facing Asia-Pacific region and multi-lateral
cooperation is essential to build up efficient early warning systems and to get prepared against megatsunami which may involve world economy through global value chain.

2-2-3. Community level tsunami DRR “Lessons learnt from theIndian Ocean Tsunami and way forward”
Thailand had never experienced tsunami disaster before the Indian Ocean Tsunami in 2004 thatdamaged broad areas of Indonesia, India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Maldives and so on, aswell as Thailand. Many tourists from other countries also lost their lives as well. One hour after thequake, five southern provinces of Thailand including Phuket were hit by the tsunami, which killed
more than 5,300 people and more than 3,000 remain missing in Thailand. DDPM, Thailand has
made great efforts to establish a comprehensive tsunami warning system in close collaboration withlocal governments and communities.

One day workshop was organized thanks to DDPM, andprovinces which were affected by the Indian Ocean Tsunami, aiming at identifying tsunami related
policies and challenges at community level emerging after the Indian Ocean Tsunami.
The focus of the workshop was placed on locally based DRR by using new technologies andthrough collaboration at local level. Effective anti-tsunami measures at local level require close
collaboration among diverse local actors including local governments, local commerce andindustries and local NGOs as well as national DRR authorities. Inter-regional collaboration amongneighbouring provinces and towns is another key.
In the areas favored by tourists from all over the world, DRR policies need to take into
consideration of visitors and tourists of multicultural backgrounds. Tsunami disasters may affectvulnerable groups in need of assistance for evacuation. In addition, it relates to all the phases ofDRR including prevention, preparedness, early warning, evacuation and other emergency
operation, and recovery, rehabilitation and reconstruction. With the above understanding, the main
objectives of this workshop was defined to:1) Identify major challenges facing diverse sectors including local governments, local
commerce and diverse industries and NGOs working at community level,2) Share lessons learnt from previous tsunami disasters3) Develop new tools that will facilitate tsunami DRR at community level142. Highlights of 2016/2017

Outcome of the workshop
The workshop was opened by an
inaugural speech delivered by Mr. Supakit
Phophapaphan, Deputy Director General,
DDPM, Thailand, host country. ADRC
made then introductory remarks andcontinued to present Tsunami DRR in Asiaand Japan.

Fig.2-2-3 Tsunami DRR Workshop participants in Krabi

Session 1 : Tsunami DRR Efforts made in Thailand after the Indian Ocean Tsunami
In the first session chaired by Mr. A. Pinta, DDPM, Rear Admiral Song Ekmahachai presented
Tsunami Disaster Warning System and Policy in Thailand andSub-Lieutenant Pongsatorn

Sirisakorn, made a presentation on National Tsunami Response Plan & Implementation,representing DDPM.
DDPM Provincial Offices then reported their tsunami response plan & warning system atprovincial level. Five provincial offices presented their tsunami DRR policies in individual
provinces including Phuket, Phang Nga, Ra Nong and Trang as well as Krabi. From civil society,
Thai Red Cross joined the workshop, while Thai Southern Hotel Association reported about theexperiences at the Indian Ocean Tsunami and its efforts to hand down the lessons learnt to young
generations.
Session 2 : Various efforts against Tsunami from international experiences
The second session first explored policies and countermeasures in Japan and Indonesia. Dr. Natt
Leelawat, Tohoku University reported about evaluation of Post-Great East Japan Earthquake
tsunami DRR measures in Japan focusing on the activities targeting communities, followed by Dr.
Harkunti Rahayu, Institute of Technology, Bandung, ITB , who made a presentation on theevaluation of tsunami DRR policy in Indonesia after Indian Ocean Tsunami. From the private
sector, possibilities of using advanced technologies such as mobile phone facilitating integration ofDRR information easily, adapted to local tsunami DRR efforts were presented by the participantsfrom Kawada Industries, Inc. and Kawada Techino system co., ltd., Japan
Demonstration and group training of Disaster Imagination Game, DIG
Last session was facilitated by Professor T. Komura, Tokoha University, who made first apresentation on Disaster Imagination Game, DIG, followed by group discussion and training on
DIG. By using a map of Krabi area, participants actively discussed community based tsunami DRR
measures, in particular, evacuation routes adapted to the area by developing a map together.

15

Major comments and opinion
A wide range of lessons could be drawn and sharedwith from the discussion of the one day workshop
attended by locally based governmental sector, private
sector, and civil sector in tsunami vulnerable
areas.Amongst all, experiences as famous coastal
resort areas affected by a mega disaster are useful forand to be applied to many other tourist destination
areas.

Fig.2-2-4 DIG Activity

Thailand experienced another tsunami on 11 April 2012 after the hardship of 2004. Evacuationfrom the Tsunami in 2012 was however chaotic despite the policies taken after 2004, due mainly toinsufficient information for evacuation targeting tourists, and lack of experiences. Only 50 large
hotels took responsibility of evacuation for their guests. Hotel branding in regard to evacuation
measures can be an effective measure. In tourist destination areas, training with wide participationof tourists is indispensable as well as those just targeting local residents.
Regarding recovery and reconstruction, it should be noted that in 2004 more than 20% rooms of
900 hotels in Krabi were damaged, although most of the small & middle sized hotels had not been
insured.
Another challenge for the affected areas include maintenance of tsunami tower and buoy: How tomaintain awareness and continue financing DRR measures against a mega disaster that could
happen after an interval of decades or a century.
Finally, it should be noted that in Thailand, those experienced 2004 tsunami have been retired andyoung generation does not share the hard experiences. Lessons learnt from the past experiences will
help us elaborate anti tsunami measures well adapted to individual areas, and high tech today will
facilitate upgrading DRR measures.

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