1st International Forum on the Decommissioning of theFukushima Daiichi NPS
10-11th April, 2016 - JapanWASTE MANAGEMENT STRATEGY“French Experience in Legacy WasteManagement”

Chantal Mergui
CEA / Nuclear Energy Division
chantal.mergui@cea.fr| PAGE 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at CEA

2. Legacy waste : CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes

4. CEA Cooperation| PAGE 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at CEA
2. Legacy waste : CEA D&D Perimeter

3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes
4. CEA Cooperation| PAGE 3

NUCLEAR WASTE MANAGEMENT AT CEA

Characterization ofLegacy waste
D/D waste
R&D waste

Liquid and solid waste
treatment andconditioning

Disposal routes
if disposal site exists
ANDRA National
final disposal
If notinterim storages on
CEA’s sites| PAGE 4DISPOSAL FACILITIES OPERATED & STUDIEDBY ANDRA

VL-LW

LLW

« Cires »“Centre de l’Aube »Under study

Short and long live

Short live

Long live

LLW

ILW & HLW

Under study
CIGEO projectLong live•Graphite (UNGGReactors)•Bitumen drums,•Radium bearingWastes

CEA : ~ 10 000m3/y

CEA : ~ 4 000m3/y| PAGE 5

CEA WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIESTREATMENT AND INTERMEDIATE STORAGE

MAIN TYPES OF WASTE PACKAGES ARISINGFROM CEA R&D AND D&D ACTIVITIESVLLW

LL-ILWILWHLW

CementedDrums

PIVERGlass

Cemented Drums
Cemented wastes

Bitumen Drums

AVM Glass

R7T7 Glass| PAGE 7Hulls

GENERAL PRINCIPLES FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT AT CEA• Optimized Categorization (VLLW, ILW, LL-ILW & LL-HLW)• Minimization in order to optimize the volume• On line Evacuation to Available final Disposal andintermediate Storage Facilities• Stock reduction of the legacy Wastes• Waste management control• Dedicated R&D program to optimize waste quantity intocontainers and drums and for safety storage.
| PAGE 8

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at CEA

2. Legacy waste : CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes

4. CEA Cooperation| PAGE 9

CEA D&D PERIMETER
Reactors : ULYSSE, OSIRIS
Laboratory : LHA

Research laboratories : Building 18, RM2
Waste Treatment Facility : STED

Fontenay-auxRoses
Saclay22 nuclear facilities ongoing dismantling
Grenoble
Reactors : G1, PHENIX*
Plant : APM

MarcouleReactors : SILOE, SILOETTE, MELUSINE
Laboratory : LAMA
Waste Treatment Facility : STEDCadarache
UP1
Waste Treatment Facilities, Plants, Laboratories
Reactors : HARMONIE, RAPSODIE*, PHEBUS
Plants : ATPu, ATUE
Waste Treatment Facility : STED

Decommissioned
On going projects
Future works

Civil

Defense*Fast breeder reactor| PAGE 10

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL : D&D PERIMETER
INB 35

INB 72

INB 166

Fontenay-auxRoses
HA4- Organic liquid tank

CIRCE – Radioactive liquid tank

SaclayLegacy waste retrieval, characterization &repackaging
Grenoble
UP1 : retrieval andSolid wasteconditioning of legacy waste
Mg waste - UP1

Cadarache

PHENIX

RCD 56Marcoule
PEGASEPEGASE Pool
Bituminized waste drums

Liquid waste (including organics)
Legacy solid waste
Retrieval of legacy waste

Spent fuel| PAGE 11

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL : Example

Bituminized waste drums stored in bunkers in the south zone of MarcouleMg waste stored in the decladding units of MarcoulePowders, sludge, ashes, resins, filters, graphite and fine-grained products stored in thenorth zone or in the UP1 Plant

Pieces of glove-boxes, tools, drums,… in pits or in trenches (Cadarache)| PAGE 12

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL IN MARCOULE

Processing plant
Legacy waste (sludge)
North zone storagepits and vaults

Pilot processing plant

Vitrification facility
Legacy waste (glass containers)

Spent fuel Decladding units
G1/G2/G3, MAR 400
Legacy waste (Mg, sludge,…)South zone storage
bunkers| PAGE 13

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL : SOUTH ZONE
Example : retrieval and conditioning of bituminized waste drums
South zone storagebunkers• More than 60,000 drums• Each drum is characterized and repackaged ina dedicated stainless steel overpack and thenreplaced in an Interim Storage Unit (EIP)
commissioned in 2000, pending final disposal
by ANDRA (before, demonstration is made /long-term behavior, risk of fire, etc)
• About 10,000 drums have been alreadyrepackaged

Interim storage unit (EIP)| PAGE 14

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL : NORTH ZONE
Example : retrieval of waste packages

ExtractionAndrepackaging
Pit n°94
resins in drums• More than 6,400 objects (drums, bulk waste,deactivation waste,…) in pits and vaults• About 6000 bituminized waste drums ; all ofthem are already characterized and repackaged
and placed in an Interim Storage Unit (EIP)

Cementation
unit

Surface disposal
for IL-SL waste| PAGE 15

LEGACY WASTE RETRIEVAL : SLUDGE
Example : retrieval and conditioning pits liquid muds

Surface disposal
for IL-SL waste
Spent fuel Decladding units
G1/G2/G3, MAR 400
Sludge in pits

Cementationunit| PAGE 16

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at CEA

2. Legacy waste : CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes

4. CEA Cooperation| PAGE 17

LEGACY WASTE : TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES
Example : cementing matrix
At stake
To define new matrixes suitable to a large wide of waste(Legacy waste, current and future waste of exploitation)
To improve the performance of the matrix (Rate of incorporation,…)Development
Packaging of reactive metals : Magnesium, aluminium,…
 Embedding with geopolymer
 Process tested and approved in inactive at scale one for Mg
Other type of waste : Sludge, resins, powder Development of cementing formulations under way

Mg wasteCompaction| PAGE 18

LEGACY WASTE : TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES

Example : liquid waste treatment
At stake
To increase decontamination efficiency
To minimize secondary waste volumes
To be compatible with existing waste treatment and storage
Eco-friendly processes (energy, water,...)

Filtration

Coprecipitation

Adsorption
Destruction of organic compounds
Déchet (+ eau)

Eau + oxydant

TurbineEnceinte
sous pression

Tube Titane

Effluents| PAGE 19

LEGACY WASTE : TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES
Example : solid waste treatment
At stake
To reduce uptake doses
To optimize waste categorization by increasing decontamination efficiency
To reduce the amount of secondary waste produced• GELS• FOAMS

Foam with137Cs

Active agent
adsorbed on
surface bybubbles

Decontamination foams

Decontaminatedsoil
Floating foams| PAGE 20

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Nuclear waste management at CEA

2. Legacy waste : CEA D&D Perimeter
3. Legacy waste : Technologies and processes

4. CEA Cooperation| PAGE 21

CEA cooperation
 In February 2015 a Memorandum of Understanding has been signed between NDF
and CEA to exchange information namely on the waste management field to help
NDF in its mission to develop a policy for storage management, treatment anddisposal from a mid-to- long-term perspective.
 In September 2015 a Memorandum of Understanding has been signed between
TEPCO and CEA to share experiences and information concerning managerial andtechnical issues on the dismantling, decommissioning and waste management fields.
 In continuity with the previous agreement, a framework arrangement between CEA
and JAEA for cooperation in the field of nuclear research and development has beensigned in November 2015 including new fields as : waste management anddecommissioning, Fukushima cooperation and remote technology. In 2014,a specificarrangement, so called MCCI, was also signed concerning fuel debris characterisation
and retrieval. Exchange or secondment of staff is ongoing in Marcoule and Cadarache
CEA centers.

CEA cooperation
Japan is facing a tremendous task, the one of dismantling anddecommissioning in a steady and safe way the Fukushima Daiichi site.
CEA, as a nuclear research center has on its side a large experience of
decommissioning and dismantling old facilities, like reactors, hot labs,
reprocessing plants, and also to recover legacy wastes in different forms andquantities.
Sharing this experience with the Japanese actors can be a valuable input. The
D&D programs are extremely complex, long term endeavors, that require ahigh level of technology, know how, and also financial commitment in thelong run.
CEA is proud through these cooperation agreements to be engaged in a longterm by your side, and hopes to share its experience, while learning a lot
through the different steps of the decommissioning of Fukushima Daiichi site.

Thank you for your attention

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